Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2011 with funding from
University of Toronto
http://www.archive.org/details/p1athenaeum1906lond
[INDEX SUPPLEMENT to the ATHENjEUM with No. 4108, July 21, 1906
THE
ATHENAEUM
JOURNAL
OF
LITERATURE, SCIENCE, THE FINE ARTS, MUSIC,
AND THE DRAMA.
JANUARY TO JUNE,
1906.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY JOHN EDWARD FRANCIS, ATHBN.EUM PRESS, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, CHANCERY LANE.
PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICE, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, CHANCERY LANE, E.G.,
BY JOHN 0. FRANCIS AND J. EDWARD FRANCIS.
SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS AND NEWSMEN IN TOWN AND COUNTRY.
AGENTS FOR 8GOTLAND, MESSRS. BELL & BRADFUTE AND MR. JOHN MENZIES, EDINBURGH.
MDCCCCVI.
c3^
(SUPPLEMENT to tht- ATHHNA.UM *lth Bo. 410S, July, 21, 1906
SUPPLEMENT lo the ATHENAEUM with No. 4108, July 21, 1906.
INDEX OF CONTENTS.
JANUARY TO JUNE, 1906.
LITERATURE.
Reviews.
A. E. C.'s Ma Premiere Visite a Paris, 46
A. S. and E. M. S.'s Henry Sidgwick : a Memoir, 383
Abbott's (E. A.) Johannine Vocabulary, 103
Abbott's (G. F.) Through India with the Prince, 478
Abeille's (Capt.) Marine Franeaise et Marines Etrangeres,
478
Adams's (VV. A.) Japanese Conversation in Six Months,
574
Adamson's (J. W.) Pioneers of Modern Education, 41
Addison's (A. C.) A Deathless Story, 700
Adler's (E. N.) About Hebrew Manuscripts, GOG
Aflalo's (F. G.) The Salt of my Life, 135
African Languages, 44G
Ainger*8 (A.) Lectures and Essays, 289
Albanesi's (Madame) A Young Man from the Country,
662
Alden's (W. L.) Cat Tales 15
Aldis's (J.) Madame GeofTnn, 71
Alexander's (Mrs. F.) The Golden Book, 704
Alison's (J.) Arithmetic for Schools and Colleges, 4G
Allonbv's (E.) The Fulfilment, 12
Almond of Loretto, by Mackenzie, 257
Amateur Angler's Fishing for Pleasure, and Catching It,
477
Amery's The Times History of the War in South Africa,
Vol. IV, 761
Anderson's (J. G.) Exercices de Grammaire Franeaise 46
Anderson's (Sir R.) Sidelights on the Home Rule Move-
ment, 638
Anderton's (I. M.) Tuscan Folk-lore and Sketches, 230
Anstey's (F.) Salted Almonds, 470
Archer's (F. B.) The Gambia Colony and Protectorate :
an Official Handbook, 207
Archer-Hind's (R. D.) Translations into Greek Verse
and Prose. 261
Argyll, George Douglas, Eighth Duke of, Autobiography
and Memoirs, 755
Aristotle's Theory of Conduct, ed. Marshall, 605
Armitage-Smith's (G.) The Principles and Methods of
Taxation, 407
Arnold's Latin Texts : Vergil, Selections from the
Georgics, Select Eclogues, ed. Stobart — C;vsar in
Britain, ed. Dobson — Cicero, Pro Archia, ed. Brock, 46
Art Typographique dans les Pays Bas, Livraison 8, 665
Ashbee's (C. R.) Echoes from the City of the Sun, 106
Ashmead-Bartlett's (E.) Port Arthur: the Siege and
Capitulation, 350
Askew's (A. and C.) Anna of the Plains, 72
Aston's (W. G.) Shinto : the Way of the Gods, G02
Aubert's (L.) Paix Japonaise, 543
Aubin's (E.) Morocco of To-day, 480
Auction Prices of Books, ed. Livingston, Vol. IV., 205
424, 452
Austin's (A.) The Door of Humility, 663
Austin's (L. F.) Points of View, ed. Rook, 730
Babar-nama, the Turki Text, ed. Mrs. Beveridge, 729
Bacchylides : the Poems and Fragments, ed. Jebb, 30 ;
Carmina, cum Fragmentis, ed. Blass, 004
Baddeley's (St. Clair) Sicily, 13
Bailey's (G. H.) Elements of Quantitative Analysis, 45
Bakers (J.) The Inseparables, 72: The Harrogate
Tourist Centre, 637
Ball's (VV. W. R.) Trinity College, Cambridge, 637
Barbauld s (Mrs.) Hymns in Prose for Children, 207
Barines (A.) Louis XIV. et la Grande Mademoiselle,
English Version, 262
Baring-Gould's (S.) A Book of the Riviera 12
Barr s (A.E.) The Belle of Bowling Green, 417 ; Cecilia's
Lovers, 662
Barr's (R.) The Triumphs of Eugene Valmont, 475
Barres s Le Voyage de Sparte, 198
Barry's (Lieut. -Col. J. P.) At the Gates of the East, 118
Bartelot s (R. G.) The Three Dorset Captains at Trafal-
gar, 506
Bartholomew's (J. G ) The Historical and Modern Atlas
ol the British Empire, 47
Bartram's (G.) Lads of the Fancy 417
Battersby's (P.) India under Royal Eyes, 697
audelaire s Poems in Prose, tr. Symons, 350
Bausteine, Part IV., 360
Becke's it.) The Adventures of a Supercargo, 510
Bccbe s (S. P ) Outlines of Physiological Chemistry, 15
Beechmg , , (Canon) The Apostles' Creed, 297
Beeton s (Mrs.) Rook of Household Management, 230
Bell s (Mrs. A. G.) Picturesque Brittany. 636
Bennett's (A.) Hugo, 13]
Benson's (A. C.) From a C
«. College Window, 606
Benson s (E. F.) The Angel of Pain, 4 15
Ben8on s ((,. |>.) Tracks in the Snow, 634
K>-rards (V.) British [mperialism and ( ommorcial
Supremacy, tr. Foskett, 228
Bertrand's (A.) Versailles, 160
Bhagavad-Gita, tr. Barnctt, 167
Bielschowsky's (A.) The Life of Goethe, tr. Cooper,
Vol. I., 321
Big Game Shooting, 167
Birmingham's (G.) Hyacinth, 323
Blackie's English School Texts : Trips to Wonderland—
The Taking of the Galleon— The Retreat of Sir John
Moore, 45
Blake, William, The Poetical Works of, ed. Sampson—
The Lyrical Poems of, Text by Sampson, 100
Bliss's (F. J.) The Development of Palestine Exploration,
790
Blyth's (J.) The Same Clay, 324
Bodley's (J. E. C) The Church in France, 630
Boer War: German Official History, 103; Times
History, Vol. IV., 761
Bond's (R. W.) Addenda, Glossary, and Index to Wil-
liam Bercher's Nobility of Women, 74
Book of Memory, A, compiled by Tynan, 700, 734
Book- Auction Records, ed. Karslake, Vol. III., Part I.,
295
Bourget, Paul, (Euvres Completes de. Vol. VI., 731
Bowes's (R.) John Siberch : Bibliographical Notes,
1886-1005, 795
Boyd's (A. S.) Glasgow Men and Women, 576
Boyd's (M. S.) The Misses Make-Believe, 356
Boyer's (P.) Manuel pour l'Etude de la Langue Russe
— TJn Vocabulaire Franeais-Russe de la fin du
Seizieme Siecle, 574
Bradby's (G. F.) Dick, 387
Bradford's (H. N.) Macedonia, 296
Brakspear's (H.) Waverley Abbey, 478
Brandes's (G.) Main Currents in Nineteenth-Century
Literature, Vol. VI., 104
Breasted's (J. H.) A History of Egypt— Ancient Records
of Egypt, Vol. I., 473
Brhad-devata, The, ed. Macdonell, 166
Brice's (S.) The Might of a Wrong-doer, 324
Bridges's (J. A.) Reminiscences of a Country Politician,
511
Broadley's (A. M.) Collecta Napoleonica, 327; The
Three Dorset Captains at Trafalgar, 506 ; The Boy-
hood of a Great King, 730
Brooks's (M.) The Newell Fortune, 759
Brown's (A.) Paradise, 12
Brown's (H. F.) In and Around Venice, 326
Brown (R.) jun.'s Notes on the Early History of
Barton-on-H umber, Vol. I., 7fi0
Brown's (V.) Mrs. Grundy's Crucifix, 728
Browning, E. B., in her Letters, by Lubbock, 119
Browning, Robert, and Alfred Domett, ed. Kenyon, 358
Bruckner's (Dr. A.) Geschichte der russischen Litteratur,
10
Buchanan, George : a Biography, by Macmillan, 788
Buck Whaley's Memoirs, ed. Sir E. Sullivan, 725
Buckland's (C. E.) Dictionary of Indian Biography, 479
Buckrose's (J. E.) The Wood End, GG2
Bucolici Grrcci, ed. Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, 604
Budge's (E. A. W.) The Egyptian Heaven and Hell,
G33
Bullock's (S. F.) The Cubs, 759
Burdctt's Hospitals and Charities for 1906, 328
Burford Papers : being Letters of Samuel Crispe to his
Sister, by Hutton, 443
Burke's Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage for 1906,
15
Burland's (H.) The Black Motor-Car, 758
Burton, Sir Richard, Life of, by Wright, 420
Bussey's (H. F.) Sixty Years of Journalism, 791
Buxton's (B. H.) Outlines of Physiological Chemistry,
15
Byrde's (M.) The Interpreters, 43
Byron, Lord, The Poetical Works of, ed. Coleridge, 14
Calendars : Letter-Books of the City of London : Letter-
Book G., 1352-1374, ed. Dr. Slmrpe— Patent Rolls of
Richard II., 1391-1390, Vol. V., ed. Morris -Patent
Rolls, 1401-14(1:., 73
Calthrop's (1). C.) Rouge, 512
Calvert's (A. F.) Moorish Remains in Spain, 543
Cambridge, H.R.H. George, Duke of, Military Life, by
Verner and Parker, 133
Cambridge Modern History : Vol. 1 \\, Napoleon, G91
( lambridge Theological Essays, ed. Swcte, 09
Cambridge Year Book and Directory, 170
Campbell's (F.) The Measure of Life, 220; Dearlove, 513
Capcs's (B.) Loaves and Pishes, 510
Cardiff Records, ed. Matthews, Vol. V., I7'>
Carey's (W.) No. 101. 226
Carls (K. A.) With the Empress Dowager of China, 106
• 'hit's (M. B.i The Poison of Tongues, 357
Carrigan'e (W ) History of the Diooese of Ossory, 193
< tarter, Elizabeth, Memoir by Gaussen, 112
Cartwright'i (T.) French 1>\ the Direct Method,
Part III., 45
's (A. and B.) II Youth but Knew, 174
Castries's (Comte J |. de) lies Sources [n&Utes do
l'llistoirc du Maroc, Vol. I., 169
Catalogues : Western Manuscripts in the Bodleian
Library at Oxford, Vol. V., Vol. VI. Part I., by
Madan, 599 ; Fifteenth-Century Books in the Library
of Trinity College, Dublin, &c., by Abbott— English
Books in Archbishop Marsh's Library, Dublin, by
White, 665; Coptic Manuscripts in the British
Museum, by Crum, 792
Catholic Directory, The, 15
Cattier's (Prof.) Etude sur la Situation de l'Etat Indu-
pendant du Congo, 229
Century Bible, The : Isaiah i.-xxxix., ed. Whitehouse,
697
Chamberlain, Joseph : an Honest Biography, by Mackin-
tosh, 638
Chambers's (R. W.) The Haunts of Men, 75
Charlemagne, Early Lives of, ed. Grant, 700
Chesnutt's (C. W.) The Colonel's Dream, 43
Cheyne's (T. K.) The Book of Psalms, 103
Chronicles of London, cd. Kingsford, 132
Churchill, Lord Randolph, by W. S. Churchill, 7
Churchill's (W.) For Free Trade, 420
Clark's (J. B.) Arithmetic for Schools and Colleges, 46
Clarke, Lieut. -General the Hon. Sir Andrew, Life of,
ed. Col. Vetch, 197
Clarke's (G. H.) A Grammar of the German Language,
576
Clarke's (L.) Murray of the Scots Greys, 662
Cleeve's (L.) A Double Marriage, G95
Clergy Directory for 1906, 15
Clergy List for 1906, 544
Climenson's (E. J.) Elizabeth Montagu, the (jueen of
the Blue-Stockings, 537, 580
Clouston's (J. S.) Count Bunker, 758
Cobb's (T.) Mrs. Erricker's Reputation, 226
Cobb's (W. F.) The Book of Psalms, 102
Cobden-Sanderson's (T. J.) The Arts and Crafts Move-
ment, 13G
Coggin's (F. E.) Man's Estate, 102
Collins's (Tom) School and Sport, 576
Colquhoun's (A. R.) The Africander Land, 163
Colvin's (Sir A.) The Making of Modern Egypt, 296
Connolly's (J. B.) The Deep Sea's Toll, 449; Out of
Gloucester, 511
Constantinople, painted by Gobel, described by Van
Millingen, 603
Continental Literature : Italian, 97, 127
Conway's (Sir M.) No Man's Land : a History of Spits-
bergen, 635
Copinger's (W. A.) The History of Suffolk, Vol. V., 478 ;
The Manors of Suffolk, 760
Cornford's (L. C.) Parson Brand, &c, 667
Cornubian Post Cards, 705
Cowper, William, The Poems of, ed. Bailey— The Poetical
Works of, ed. Milford, 505
Cox's (J. C.) The Royal Forests of England, 15, 52
Crabbe, George: Poems, Vol. I., ed. Ward, 135; Vol.11.,
ed. Ward, 731
Cranmer-Byng's (L.) An English Rose, 664
Crawford's (F. M.) Gleanings from Venetian History, 223
Creighton's (Mrs.) Counsels for the Young, 71
Creighton's (M.) Sermons on the Claims of the Common
Life, 74
Crespigny's (Mrs. P. C. de) The Grey Domino, 695
Crockett^ (S. R.) Kid McGhie, 509
Crockford's Clerical Directory for 1906, 390
Cromartie's (Countess of) Sons of the Milesians, 729
Crooke's (W.) Things Indian, 576
Crosby's (O. T.) Tibet and Turkistan, 419
Cumming's (Rev. J. E.) The Psalms, Vol. I., 103
Curme's (G. O.) A Grammar of the German Language,
46
Curzon, Lord, in Tndia, 511
Dalbiac's (L.) Dictionary of Quotations (German), 6(11
Daly, General Sir Henry Dermot, Memoirs of, by Major
H. Daly, 389
Danhy's (F.) The Sphinx's Lawyer, 512
Daniell's (W. V.) Collecta Napoleonica, 327
D'Arcy's (R. F.) A New Trigonometry for Beginners,
46
Darlington's (H. A.) Last Year's Nent^, 12
Daudct's (E.) La Tcrreur Blanche, 230
Davey'e (R ) The Pageant of London, 756
I laries's (A. E.) Tramway Trips and Rambles, 637
Daviess (X. D. G.) The Rock Tombs of El Amarus,
Part 111., 792
Davics's (W. C.) The University of Wales and its Con-
stituent Colleges, in
Dawson's (F. W.) The Scar, 132
Dearmer's (M.) Brownjohn's, 356
Debrett's House of Commons, 360 ', Peerage, Baronetage,
ami Knightage for 1906, L6
Decle's (L. ) The New Russia, 762
De Flagello Myrteo CCCLX, Thoughts and Fancies
on Love. r,'i 182
Dekkcr'a (T.) The Seven Deadly Sinnes of London, 321
Demosthenes against Midiaa, ed. Qoodwin, 604
Dent k Co.'s (Messrs.) Everyman's Library, 863, 51 I
IV
THE ATTTEN/EUM
! 1 ITLEMENT to the ATIIEW^UM with Wo. 4108, July «. IX*
January to Juhe H,,ir»
LITERATURE,
Revlewi
Diaz, Porfirio, by Mrs. Tweedie, 197
Dickensian for 1906, L6
Dickinson's (G. LJ A Modern Symposium, 292
Dickinson1! ill H.l Things Out ure Caaaar's, 728
Dictionaries; \ New English, ed. Murray, Bradley,
inul Oralgie, 363, 724; Dictionary of Quotation!
(German), bj Dalbiao, 60]
Diehl'i (A If.] I. to with Variations, 396
Richard Vrateon, The Last Poemi of, selected
end edited by Bridges, L9S
Dod'i Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage for L906, 16;
Parliamentary Companion for 1906, 369
Donnell's ( A. H.) Rebecca Mars
DonOTan'l (Dick) Thurtell's Crime, 510
Donhain'i (A.) Lea Cent Mcilleurs Poemee (Lynques)
de la Langue Franraise, 608
Dougall'a (L.) The Spani-h Dowry, 60S
Douglas's (Lad v A.) The Blue Bird, 1%
Douglas's (T.) A Golden Trust, 72
I >\wiey's (E.) Charles Lever : his Life in his Letters,
5 id
Dry's (W.) Northamptonshire, 0;;7
Dublin Review, The, 49
Duerr's (A. E.) The Essentials of German Grammar, 46
Duff (E.G.) and others' Hand-Lists of English Printers,
1501-1566, Tart III., 665
Duffs (E. G.) A Century of the English Book Trade, 665
Duncan's (J. £.) A Summer Ride through Western
Tibet. 334
Duncan's (S. J.) Set in Authority, 791
Dunning's (W. A.) Political Theories from Luther to
Montesquieu, 297
E. H. S.'s Henry Sidgwick, a Memoir, 383
Eager's (M.) Six Years at the Russian Court, 448
Easton's (M. G.) The House by the Bridge, 446
Edwards's (A. H.) Kakemono : Japanese Sketches, 513
Eggar's (A.) The Hfitanee, 295
Egyptiens et Anglais, by Moustafa Kamel Pacha, 134
Elliot's (E.) Barr & Son, 417
Emerson's Complete Works, Centenary Edition, 472
English Catalogue of Books for 1905, 204
English Men of Letters : Walter Pater, by Benson, 659
Englishwoman's Year-Book for 1906, ed. Janes, 105
Erckmann-Chatriau's Histoire dun Homme du Peuple,
ed. Chessex, 46
Euripides : Essays on Four Plays of, by Verrall, 192
Evans's (H. A.) Highways and Byways in Oxford and
the Cotswolds, 417
Everett-Green's (E.) The Magic Island, 634
Eyres (A.) The Girl in Waiting, 324
Fanshawe's (R.) Corydon, 663
Farmer's (J. E.) Versailles and the Court under
Louis XIV., 225
Farrer's (R. J.) The House of Shadows, 324
Fergusson's (R. M.) Logic : a Parish History, 357
Fitchett's (Rev. W. H.) Wesley and his Century, 793
Fletcher's (J. S.) The Threshing Floor, 356
Floran's (M.) CrimineH 634
Forbes's (A. R.) Gaelic Names of Beasts, Birds, Fishes,
Insects, and Reptiles, 668
Forbes's (Lady H.) Lady Marion and the Plutocrat, 662
Ford, Richard, The Letters of, ed. Prothero, 389
Formont's (M.) Le Baiser Rouge, 195; Le Sacrifice, 728
Forster's (R. H.) The Arrow of the North, 132
Fountain's (P.) The Eleven Eaglets of the West, 419
Fowler's (E. T.) In Subjection, 634
France's (A.) Au Petit Bonheur, 297
Francis's (M. E ) Simple Annals, 667
Eraser's (J. F.) Pictures from the Balkans, 606
Eraser's (W.A) Sa' Zada Tales, 135
Frere's (W. II.) The Principles of Religious Ceremonial,
386
Froude, J. A., Life of, by Paul, 164, 200
Gallon's (Tom) Jimmy Quixote, 603
(ialsworthy's (J.) The Man of Property, 446
Capon's (Father G) The Story of my Life, 297
Garrod's (H. W.) The Religion of All Good Men, 697
Gateways, to History, Books I. — VI.. 575
Gaussen's (A. C. C.) A Woman of Wit and Wisdom : a
Memoir of Elizabeth Carter, 442
Gentleman's Magazine, The, ed. Bullen, 230
Geoffrin. Madame, by Aldis, 71
Geography, Modern, by the Christian Brothers, 45
Gerard a |l>.) The House of Riddles, 229
Gerard's (M.) The Red Seal, 357
Girdlers, London, Worshipful Company of. by Smythc 70
Glasgow's (E.) The Wheel of Life, 416
Glyn's (E.) Beyond the Rocks, 634
Goethe, The Life of, by Bielschowsky, tr. Cooper Vol. I
321
Goethe's Iphigcneia in Tauris, tr. Dowden, 730
Goodspeed's (G. S.) A History of the Ancient World 13
Gordon's (S.) The Ferry of Fate, 661
Gorst's (II.) The Fourth Party, IS
Gorst's (Mrs. H.) The Light, 542
Goutel's (E. II. de) Mrmoires du General Marquis
d'Hautpoul, 134
Gower's (E. E ) Tramway Trips and Rambles, 637
Grappe's (G.) Lea Pierres d'Oxford, 795
unbridge Stationers end Book-
binden ind the First Cambridge Print John
Biberoh ; Bibliographiosl Notes, L886 I
i (M.) The Great Refusal, 116
Greek Reader, Vol. II . ed. Merchant, 'u<'
ne, Robert, The Flays and Put-ma of, ed. Collins,
171
Greenidge's (A. H J.) \ History of Rom.-, Vol. F, 111
Grey'i (H. < ' Vf.) St < Silee'i of U 1. | 1 , 177
Griffiths's (Majo A) A Royal Rascal, 72
Qruyer'i 1 P.) Napoli on, Roi de Pile d'Elbe, 327
Cuc-Yvillc's (A. li. de) New Egypt 420
( ruimet'a (B.) Conferences feitea au If usee Guimet, ;
Guirsud'a Etudes Bconomlqnee but 1' Antiquity, II
Gunns (J.) The Infant School, ll
(.union's (.1.) Dramatic Lyrics, 664
it's (V.) The Comedy of Protection, tr. Hamilton,
L34
Haggard'i (H. R.) The Way of the Spirit, 387
Haile's (M.) Mary ofHodena, 661
Halls (11. P.) A People at School, 322
Hall's (11. R.) Coptic and Creek Texts of the Christian
Period from Ostraka, &c, 793
Hall's (II. R. W.) Our English Towns and Villages, 576
Hall's (W.) Tables and Constants to Four Figures. 14
Hardy's (E. C.) Studies in Roman History, 576
Hare's (A. J. C.) Sicily, 13
Harper'a (C.) The Brighton Road, 513
Harper's (S. N.) Russian Reader, adapted for English-
speaking Students, 574
Harradena (BJ The Scholar's Daughter, 259
Hart- Davis's (Capt. H. V.) Chats on Angling, 477
Hastings, Warren, Letters to his Wife, transcribed and
annotated by Sydney Grier, 385
Hautpoul, General Marquis d', Memoires du, by Hennet
deCoutel, 134
Hayes's (Dr. A. J.) The Source of the Blue Nile, 229
Hayward's (C. F.) Our Island's Story. 47
Healy's (C.) Mara, 445
Healy's (Rev. P. T.) The Valerian Persecution, 759
Hearn's (L ) The Romance of the Milky Way, &c,
388
Hearseys, The : Five Generations of an Anglo-Indian
Family, ed. Col. Pearse, 74
Hedley's (G. W.) Elementary Chemistry, Part I., 47
Heilbronn's (E.) Das Tier Jehovahs, 666
Heine, Heinrich, The Works of, Vol. XII., tr. Armour,
197
Henderson's (B. W.) At Intervals, 196
Henderson's (T. F.) Mary, Queen of Scots: a Biography,
319
Henry's (V.) Precis de Grammaire Palie, 167
Herbert, George, The English Works of, arranged and
annotated by Palmer, 415
Herbert's (Capt. von) By-paths in the Balkans, 448
Herbert's (C. W.) Poems of the Seen and Unseen, 663
Hermant's (A.) Les Grands Bourgeois, 260, 300
Heroes of Asgard, The, ed. Earle, 45
Hertfordshire, Old, Memorials of, ed. Standing, 477
Higginson's (Col. T. W.) Part of a Man's Life, 134
Hight'a (G. A.) The Unity of Will, 731
Hill's (H.) The Avengers, 695
Hilliers's (A.) The Mistakes of Miss Manisty, 475
Hindlip's (Lord) Sport and Travel. 635
Hoffcling's (Dr. H.) The Problems of Philosophy, tr.
Fisher, 441 ; The Philosophy of Religion, tr. Meyer,
569
Hollams's (Sir J.) The Jottings of an Old Solicitor, 638
Holland's (R. S.) The Count at Harvard, 542
Holmes's (W. G.) The Age of Justinian and Theodora,
Vol. I., 760, 798
Holstein's (A. de) Serf Life in Russia, 448
Holyoake's (G. J.) The History of Co-operation, 168
Homer, by Mackail, 136; The Odyssey, Bks. IX. XVI.,
by Mackail, 664
Hone's The Manor and Manorial Records, 761
Hoskins's (F. E.) The Jordan Valley and Petra, 418
Houdeau's (P.) L' Union Britannique, 134
House of Commons in 1906, 228
llousman's (L.) The Cloak of Friendship, 74
Hubback's (J. II.) Jane Austen's Sailor Brothers, 420,
452
Hubback's (T. R.) Elephant and Scladang Hunting in
Malaya, 176, 515, 517
Hucffer's (F. M.) The Fifth Queen, 417 ; The Heart of
the Country, 794
Hughes's (J.) Liverpool Banks and Baukcrs, 1760-1S37,
ll'.i
Hughea-Gibb'a (Mrs.) Through the Rain, 132
Hume's (F.) The Mystery of the Shadow, 417
Hundred Best Latin Poems (Lyrical), selected by
Mackail, 48
Huneker's (J.) Visionaries : a Book of Tales, 228
Hunter's (A. A.) The Pedigree of Hunter of Abbotshill
and Barjarg, 169
Hutchinson's (IF G.) Amelia and the Doctor, 6!».">
linden's (Baroness von) What became of Pam, 691
Button's (R. IF) Fricf Literary Criticisms, ed. Roscoe,
1 in
Mutton's (\V. 11.) Bur ford Papers: being Letters of
Samuel Crispe to his Sister, 1 1.".
Inchbold's (A. ('.) I'hnntasma, 768
Irish History: Reader, by the Christian Brothers, 15;
Irish History and the Irish Question, by Smith, 48
Iri'h I Firi-t Met Cranunar The Grammar
of Spoken Irish -Aids to the Pronunciation of Irish,
by the Christian Brothers, 45
lefsndiyir's (Ibn) History of Tabarutan, ed. Browne,
790
1 1 11 -relies of Sea Power
.1 mi' - (J I Stadias La fl>n lallsait. tr. Minturn,
The Lady (fogs Peeress, 106
Jerotn \ ■ ■■,.,11 oi the Chronicle of Eusebiua, The
Bodleian Manuscript of, 96
Jevono'a ill. S.) Essays on Economics, (49
Jewish Encyclopaedia, Vol. XL, 666
Jejree'l (S. IF I Lv Karl of Rosebery. 87
Johnson's Live* of the Poets, ed. Hill, 162
Joliclerc'a (E.) Joujou conjugal. I
Jones's (1). M.) A Maid of Normandy, 510
Jones's (W. L.) The University of Wales and ita Con-
stituent Colleges, 40
Jonaon, Ben: Underwoods. 321 ; Songs bv, 6"7
Julian the Apostate, by Negri, tr. Duchess Litta-
Yi-ionti-Arese, 262
Juvenal : D. Iunii Iuvenalis Saturae, ed. Houaman, 605
Kajipa'B Let Youth but Know. 41
Keatinge's (IF G.) Sea Danger, and other Poems, IM
Kei-htley's (8. R.) Barnaby'e Bridal, 131
Kelly's Handbook to the Titled, Landed, and Official
Classes for 1906, 170
Kelly's (R. T.) Burma, 13
Kenealy's (A.) An American Duchesa, 474
Kennedy'a (B.) The Green Sphinx, 105
Kenny's (L.) The Red-Haired Woman, 43
Kent's (C- F.) Israel's Historical and Biographical
Narratives, 102
Killingworth'a (W.) Matsya : the Romance of an Indian
Elephant, 230
King's English, The, 667
Knight's (A. E ) The Complete Cricketer. 631
Knowles's (R. E.) St. Cuthbart's of the West, 12
Knowling's (R. J.) The Testimony of St. Paul to Christ,
103
Kramer's (Miss S.) English Craft Gilds and the Govern-
ment, 448
La Bruyere's Les Caracttres, ed. Pellisaier, 45
Lady of the Decoration, The, 510
Lamington's (Lord) In the Days of the Dandies, 511
Lane's (Mrs. J.) The Champagne Standard. 197
Lang's (A.) New Collected Rhymes, 195, 232; Sir
Walter Scott, 413
Langbridge's (R.) The Ambush of Young Days, 259
L'Armee en 1906, 512
Larned's (J. N.) History for Ready Reference and
Topical Reading, 763
Latham's (E.) French Abbreviations, 763
Latimer's (E. W.) France in the Nineteenth Century,
1830-90, 262
Laut's (A. C ) Vikings of the Pacific, 635
Le Braz's (A) The Land of Pardons, tr. Gostling, 636
Lefranc's (A.) Les Navigations de Pantagruel, 135
Legge's (A. E. J.) The Ford. 42
Leigh, Augustus Austen, Provost of King's College,
Cambridge, ed. W. A. Leigh, 757
Leigh's (Hon. M. C.) Our School out of Doors, 575
Leland, John, Itinerary in Wales in or about the Years
1536-1539, ed. Smith, 475
Le Queux's (W.) The Mystery of a Motor-Car, 634
Lespinasse, Julie de, par le Marquis de St'gur, 694
Le Strange's (G) The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate,
729
Lever, Charles : his Life in his Letters, by Downey, 540
Libbey's (W.) The Jordan Valley and Petra, 418
Liberal Magazine for 1905, 197
Library, The, 105, 513
Lippincott's New Gazetteer of the World, ed. A. snd L.
Heilprin, 136
Little's (Mrs. A.) Round about my Peking Garden, 14;
A Millionaire's Courtship, 509
Lloyd's (J.) The Great Forest of Brecknock, 543
Lodge's Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage for 1906,
105
Loggan's (D.) Cantabrigia Illustrata. ed. Clark, 10
London's (Jack) Tales of the Fish Patrol, 229
Long's (J. L.) The Way of the Gods, 791
Lord's ( W.) The Mirror of the Century, 730
Lorimer's (A.) The Author's Progress, 326
Lounsbery's (C C.) Love's Testament, 664
Low's (S. ) A Vision of India, 606
Lubbock's (B.) Jack Derringer, 887
Lubbock's (P.) Elizabeth Barrett Browning in her
Letters, 419
Lubovius's (L.) A Practical German Grammar, Part I.
46
Lyull's (D.) The Sign of the Golden Fleece. 867
Lyceum Annual. 1906, 330
Lydgate's (J.) The Assemble of Goddes. 731
Lyly, John, by Wilson, 7"'
Lynd'a (R.) The Mantle of the Emperor, 759
Maartens's (M.) The Healers. 323
McCarthy's (J. IF) The Flower of France, 694
Maeanlay's Essay on Clive, ed. Buller— Essay on
Addison, ed. Winch, US
Met 'Fllands (Rev. R.) The Church and Paruh of
[nchinnan, 3."'7
McCullagh's (F.) With the Cossacks, 296, 422
Macdonald's (R.) The Sea Maid, 294
SUPPLEMENT to the ATHEN^UMCwith No. 4108, July 31, 1908] <h.^.i*«
January to June 1906 INDEX OF CONTENTS
V
McFadyen's (J. E.) Introduction to the Old Testament,
102
Macfall's (H.) Rouge, 542
Macilwaine's (H.) Anthony Britten, 728
Mackail's (J. W.) The Progress of Poesy, 3G0
Mackay's (W.) A Mender of Nets, 475
Mackenzie's (R. J.) Almond of Loretto, 257
Mackinnon's (J.) A History of Modern Liberty, 538,
I 640
Mackintosh's (A.) Joseph Chamberlain: an Honest
Biography, 638
McLaren's (J.) A Grammar of the Kaffir Language, 574
Macmahon's (E.) An Elderly Person, 667
MacMichaePs (J. H.) Story of Charing Cross and its
Immediate Neighbourhood, 133
Macmillan's New Globe Readers, Book IV., 45
Macmillan's (G. D.) George Buchanan : a Biography,
788
McMurry's (C. A.) Course of Study in the Eight
Grades, 575
McTaggart's (J. M. E.) Some Dogmas of Reliirion, 320
Magnus's (L.) How to Read English Literature :
Chaucer to Milton, 573
Mahan's (Capt. A. T.) The War of 1812, 290
Maine's (Sir H.) Ancient Law, ed. Sir F. Pollock, 419
Maitland's (E. F.) Blanche Esmead. 474
Mann's (M. E.) Rose at Honeypot, 166
Marchmont's (A. W.) By Wit of Woman, 662
Margueritte's (P.) Les Pas sur le Sable, 390
Marie Antoinette, A Friend of (Lady Atkyns), tr. from
the French of Barbey, 507
Marriott's (C.) The Lapse of Vivien Eady, 356
Marsh's (C. F.) Mr. Baxter, Sportsman, 474
Marshall^ (A.) Richard Baldock, 634
Mary, Queen of Scots, a Biography, by Henderson, 319
Mary of Modena, by Haile, 661
Mary's (J.) Le Fils d'un Voleur, 166
Masefield's (J. and C.) Lyrics of the Restoration, 105
Mater's (A.) L'Eglise Catholique, sa Constitution, son
Administration, 638, 641
Matthews's (W. H.) A Deathless Story, 700
Maugham's (W. S.) The Bishop's Apron, 417
Ma Vie Militaire, 1800-1810, 198
Maxwell's (Sir H.) The Story of the Tweed, 131
Maxwell's (W.) From the Yalu to Port Arthur, 359
Maynard's (G.) An Illustrated Guide to Saffron Walden,
763
Meade's (L. T.) Victory, 357
Meakin's (B.) Life in Morocco, 14
Medlycott's (A. E.) India and the Apostle Thomas, 258
Memorials of Old Hertfordshire, ed. Standing, 477
Merimee's (P.) The Love-Letters of a Genius, tr.
Watt, 326
Methley's (A.) La Belle Dame, 166
Methuen's (Messrs.) Standard Library, 390
Michelangelo Buonarroti, The Sonnets of, tr. Hall, 664
Middlemass's (J.) A Veneered Scamp, 759
Miles's (E.) Essays in the Making, 639
Miles's (W.) Field- Path Rambles — Canterbury and Kent
Coast — East Surrey — Eastbourne, 637
Miller's (E.) A Vendetta in Vanity Fair, 43
Miltoun's (F.) Rambles in Brittany, 418
Mitford's (B.) A Secret of the Lebombo, 12
MoncriefTs (A. R. H.) The Highlands and Islands of
Scotland, 570, 671, 702, 797
Monroe's (P.) A Text-Book in the History of Education,
43
Montagu, Elizabeth, the Queen of the Blue-Stockings,
by Climenson, 537, 580
Montefiore's (D. B.) Serf Life in Russia, 448
Moore, T. Sturge, Poems by, 664
Moore's (F.) The Balkan Trail, 762
Morgan-de-Groot's (J.) The Bar Sinister, 728
Morice's (Rev. A. J.) History of the Northern Interior
of British Columbia, 420
Morris's (J. E.) Dorking and Leatherhead, 637
Moule, Mary E. E., Brief Memorial of, by the Bishop of
Durham, 75
Moulton's (J. H.) A Grammar of New Testament Greek,
Vol. I., 726
Mozley's (F. W.) The Psalter of the Church, 102
Muddock's (J. E.) For the White Cockade, 72
Murray's (C. J.) A Grammar of the German Language,
576
Mjrick's (H.) Cache la Poudre, 132
Napoleon, Roi de l'lle d'Elbe, by Gruyer. 327
Naval Annual for 1906, ed. Leyland and Brassey, 668
Naval Pocket-Book, The, ed. Clowes, 699
Negri's (O.) Julian the Apostate, tr. Duchess Litta-
Visconti-Arcse, 262
Nesbit's (E.) Oswald Bastable, and Others, 169
Nevinson's (H. W.) The Dawn in Russia, 730; A Modern
Slavery, 762
Newberry's (P. E.) Scarabs, 293, 423
New Editions, Reprints, &c, 15, 16, 48, 49, 71, 7."), 105,
136,263, 297. 327, 360, 390, 421, 450, 480, 514, 544,
575, 570, 577, 007, 60s, 638, 689, 070, 763, 795
Newspaper Gazetteer for 1900, 26 4
Newspaper Press Directory, 1906, 355
New Zealand Official Year- Book for 1905, 134
Nodier's (C.) Jean Sbogar, ed. Savory, 46
Norgate's (G. Le Gr.j Life of Sir Walter Scott, 113
Norregaard's (B. W.) The Great Siege, 48
Northamptonshire Families, ed. Barron, 789
Norwich, Records of the City of, Vol. I., compiled and
ed. Rev. W. Hudson, 571
Notovitch's (N.) La Russie et l'Alliance Anglaise, 297
Oman's (C.) Inaugural Lecture on the Study of History,
322
Onions's (O.) The Drakestone, 259
Orczy's (Baroness) A Son of the People, 227
Osbourne's (LI.) Wild Justice, 510
Ottley's (Major) With Mounted Infantry in Tibet, 420
Outram's (J.) In the Heart of the Canadian Rockies, 13
Oxenham's (J.) Giant Circumstance, 388
Oxford Year-Book and Directory for 1906, 105
Palmer's (G. H.) The English Works of George
Herbert, 415
Parrish's (R.) A Sword of the Old Frontier, 194
Passmore's (Rev. T. H.) In Further Ardenne, 418
Pater, Walter, by Benson, fi59
Paternoster's (G. S.) The Cruise of the Conquistador, 43
Paul's (H.) Life of Froude, 164, 200
Payoud's (J.) Le Petit de 1' Hospice, 195
Pearce's (J. H.) The Dreamer's Book, 296
Peaker's (F.) British Citizenship, 512
Perplexed Parson, The, by Himself, 135
Perrin's (A.) Red Records, 666
Perry's (R. B.) The Approach to Philosophy, 169
Petronius : Cena Trimalchionis, ed. Lowe— tr. Ryan, 260
Philips' Comparative Series of Large School Maps, 47
Phillimore's (Prof.) Index Verborum Propertianus, 260
Phillips's (L. M.) In the Desert, 133
Phillpotts's (E.) The Portreeve, 194
Pictorial London, 731
Pierce the Ploughmans Crede, ed. Skeat, 573
Pietist of the Napoleonic Wars and After, by Princess
Reuss, tr. by Barrett-Lennard and Hooper, 130
Pitt, William, by Whibley, 168
Plato : The Theatetus and Philebus, by Carlill, 605
Plautus : The Captivi, ed. Henson, 260
Plays and Poems of Robert Greene, ed. Collins, 471
Poems and Extracts chosen by William Wordsworth,
ed. Littledale, 325
Political History of England : Vol. III. 1216-1377. 165
Political Parables by The Westminster Gazette Office
Boy (Francis Brown), 75
" Pope " of Holland House, ed. Lady Seymour, 600
Pope's (Prof. J. E.) The Clothing Industry of New
York, 327
Praed's (Mrs. C.) The Lost Earl of Elian, 728
Pratt's (E.) British Canals, 763
Prior's (M.) Poems on Several Occasions, Text edited by
Waller, Vol. I., 325
Pritchard's (E. M.) Cardigan Priory in the Olden Days,
476
Propertius : Index Verborum, by Phillimore, 260
Pryce's (G.) A Son of Arvon, 510
Pugh's (E.) The Spoilers, 166
Punch Library of Humour, ed. Hammcrton, 670
Q.'s The Mayor of Troy, 603
Raine's (A.) Queen of the Rushes, 758
Rawnsley's (Canon) Months at the Lakes, 637
Rees's (A. W.) Creatures of the Night, 105
Repplier's (A.) In our Convent Days, 104
Rflvel's(J.) Terriens, 229
Review of Historical Publications relating to Canada for
the Year 1905, ed. Wrong and Langton, 448
Reynolds's (Mrs. F.) In Silence, 259
Richardson's (H.) An Introduction to Practical Geo-
graphy, 47
Rickert's (E.) Folly, 474
Rickett's (A.) Personal Forces in Modern Literature, 757
Ridgeway's (W.) The Origin and Influence of the
Thoroughbred Horse, 255
Rippmann's (W.) The Sounds of Spoken English, 573
Rituale Armenorum, ed. Conybeare, tr. Maclean, 730
Roberts's (C. G. D.) Around the Camp Fire, 667
Roberts's (M.) The Blue Peter, 229 ; The Prey of the
Strongest, 728
Robertson's (C. G.) The Historical and Modern Atlas
of the British Empire, 47
Robertson's (F. W.) Twelve Sermons, selected by Allen-
son, 577
Rocher's (F. de) LesParticules, 603
Rodocanachi's (E.) Le Capitole Romain, Antique et
Moderne, 44
Roosevelt's (President) Outdoor Pastimes of an American
Hunter, 168
Rose's (J. H.) The Development of the European
Nations, 1870-1900, 723
Rosebery, The Earl of, by Jeyes, 227
Rosny's (J. II.) Sous le Fardeau, 132
Routledge's (Messrs.) Universal Library, 170, 264, 121 ;
The Muses' Library, 121
Rowland's (II. C.) In'the Shadow, 758
Russo-.lapanesc War : The Greal Siege, by Norregaard,
IS ; With the Cossacks, by Met lullagh, 296, 122 ; Port
Arthur, the Siege and Capitulation, by Ashmead-Bart-
lett — From the Yalu to Port Arthur, by Maxwell, 359
Rutherford's (W. G.) A Chapter in the History of
Annotation, 570
Ruthven's(H. C.) The Uphill Road, 769
Sabatier's (P.) Disestablishment in France, 512
Sabatini's (II.) Bardelya the Magnificent, 00:;
St. Barbo'B(R.) A Spanish Web, 695
Saintc-Bcuve's (C. A.) Portraits of the Eighteenth Cen-
tury, Part I. tr. Wormeley, Part II. tr. Ives, 230
Saintsbury's (G.) A History of English Prosody from the
Twelfth Century, Vol. I., 629
Salmon's (A. L.) Literary Rambles in the West of
England, 418
Saltus's (E.) Vanity Square, 792
Saxelby's (F. M.) A Course of Practical Mathematics, 44
Schillings's (C. G.) With Flashlight and Rifle, tr. White,
476
Science Year-Book for 1906, 16
Schoolmasters' Year-Book and Directory for 1906, 49
Schultz's (H.) Outlines of Christian Apologetics for Use
in Lectures, tr. Nichols, 696
Scots Peerage, The, Vol. III., ed. Sir J. B. Paul, 3o7
Scott, Sir Walter, by Lang-Life of, by Norgate, 413
Sedgwick's (A. D.) The Shadow of Life, 417
Segur's (Marquis de) Julie de Lespinasse, 694
Select Documents of the French Revolution: The
Constituent Assembly, ed. Legg, 261
Sergeant, Adeline, The Life of, by Stephens, 104
Sergeant's (A.) The Choice of Emelia, 166
Sergeant's (P. W.) I he Burlesque Napoleon, 262
Shadwell's (A.) Industrial Efficiency, 660
Shaw's (Mrs. M.) Illustres et Inconnus, 327
Sherwood's (M.) The Coming of the Tide, 72
Short Notices, 16, 49
Shuckburgh's (E. S.) Greece, 43
Siberch, John : Bibliograplrcal Notes, 1886-1900, by
Bowes and Gray, 795
Sicily, by Hare and Baddeley, 13
Sidgwick, Henry : a Memoir, by A. S. and E. M. S., 383
Siegfried's (A.) Le Canada : Les Deux Races, 444
Sigerson's (D.) The Story and Song of Black Roderick,
577
Silberrad's (U. L.) Curayl, 388
Simmons's (A. T.) An Introduction to Practical Geo-
graphy, 47
Sims's (G. R.) For Life— and After, 387
Sinclair's (U.) The Jungle, 446
Smith, Madeleine, Trial of, ed. A. D. Smith, 669
Smith's (G.) Irish History and the Irish Question, 48
Smith's (I. G.) What is Truth] 104
Smith's (J. T.) A Book for a Rainy Day, ed. Whitten,14
Smythe's (W. D.) An Historical Account of the Worship-
ful Company of Girdlers, London, 70
Snaith's (J. C.) Henry Northcote, 662
Soden's (Baron H. von) The History of Early Christian
Literature, tr. Wilkinson, ed. Morrison, 695
Songs by Ben Jonson : a Selection from the Plays, &c.,
607
Spender's (H.) The Arena, 572
Spender's (R. E.) Display, 12
Speranski's (N.) Manuel pour PEtude de la Languc
Squire's '(C) The Mythology of the British Islands, 9
Stacpoole's (H. De Vere) Fanny Lambert, 259
Statesman's Year-Book for 1906, ed. Keltie and Renwick,
698
Steel s (F. A.) A Book of Mortals, 263
Stephens's (W.) The Life of Adeline Sergeant, lot
Stevens's (G. P.) The Christian Doctrine of Salvation, 696
Stevenson's (Mrs. M. I.) Letters from Samoa, 1891-1895,
ed. Miss M. C. Balfour, 419
Stevenson's (P. L.) The Black Cuirassier, 662
Stubbs's (C. W.) The Story of Cambridge, 544
Stubbs's (W.) Lectures on Early English History, ed.
Hassall, 384
Studies in American Trade Unionism, ed. Hollander
and Barnett, 479
Sturne's (F. P.) An Hour of Reverie, 196
Sudermann's (H.) The Undying Past, tr. Marshall, 729
Suetonius: C. Suetoni Tranquilli de Vita Cwsarum
Libri VIII., ed. Preud'homme, 261
Surrey and Sussex : Camden's Britannia, 669
Suyematsu's (Baron) A Fantasy of Far Japan, 388
Sylva's (Carmen) Suffering's Journey on the Earth, tr.
Nash, 263, 300
Symons's (A.) Spiritual Adventures, 161
Sympson's (E. M.) Lincoln, 636
Synge's (Mrs. H.) A Supreme Moment, 226
Syrett's (N.) Women and Circumstance, 729
Tacitus : Annals. Books I. to VI., tr. Synionds, 605
Tearle's (C.) Old Mr. Lovelace, 511
Temple, Archbishop, Memoirs of, by Seven Friends
cd. Sandford, 351, 394
Terrage's (Baron M. de V. du) Rois sans Couronne, 763
Terry's (C. S.) The Scottish Parliament, 191
Thackeray, W. M.: The New Sketch-Book, compiled by
K. S. (jarnctt, 359
Thayer's (W. R.) A Short History of Venice, 223
Theuriet's (A.) Mon Oncle Flo, 166
Thomas's (A.) A Pretender, 1:;, 81
Thread of (J old. The, 224
Thurston's (E. T.) Traffic, 294
Thurston's (K. ('.) The Gambler, 259
Tibullus: Carmina. ed. Postgate, 260
Tinayre's (M.) La Rebelle, 324
Tinseau's (L. de) Les Etourderies de la Ohanoinesse, 132
Tolstoy, Counl L., The Works of, tr. and ed. Wiener, 327
Tout's (T. P.) The Political History of England, Vol, MI.
1216 1-77. I'' ■
Trafford Taunton's (W ) [gdrasil, 696
Trowbridge's (W. I!. II.) A Dazzling Reprobate, !i
Tuck & Sons' (Messrs. K.) Pictorial Post Cards, ,'■<■>
Tudor Translations, 449
[SUPPLEMENT to the ATHBNAX'M with No. 4108, July 21, 1908
*
T1IK ATI! KNTKUM
January to June 1900
LITERATURE.
RCVieW«-i«Mfluric/.
Turg.niilT, Ivan, The Novels and Stories of, tr. Hapgood,
7"
Tutin's (J. R.) The Orinda Booklets Pembroke Booklets,
390
Tweedie'i (Mrs. A.) Porfirio Diaz, 197
Tynan's (K.) [nnocendea, 195j The Adventures of
Alicia, T.'iS
UnderhilPs (E.) The Miracles of Our Lady, :;v.i
Upper Norwood Athenaeum, Record lor 1905, 136
Ursine, Princess des, in Spain, The Story of the, ed.
Hill, 359
VacbeU's (II. A.) The Face of Clay, .Ml
Vambery's (Prof.) Western Culture in Eastern Lands, 358
Van Dyke's (H) Fisherman's Luck, 730
Van Yorst's (M.) Miss Desmond, 42; The Sin of George
Warrener. 7'.'2
Vermeerschs (Dr.) La Question Congolaise, (>07
Verrall's (A. W.) Essays on Four Plays of Euripides, 192
Victoria County History: Derby, Vol. L, 128 ; Sussex,
Vol. T. — Durham, Vol. I., 352; Lancashire, Vol. I.
— Worcestershire, Vol. II., 539
Yillari's (L.) Fire and Sword in the Caucasus, (11)9
Virgil: The /Eneid, tr. Billson, 201; J-'.neid VII.,
VIII., and IX., 57(5
Wallace's (H.) Hasty Fruit, 759
Walpole, Horace, The Letters of, Vols. XIII.-XYL,
cd. Mrs. P. Toynbee, 69
Waltz's (E. C.) The Ancient Landmark, 194
War in South Africa, by the German Great General
Staff, tr. Col. H. Du Cane, 103
Ward's (Mrs. H.) Fenwick's Career, 572, 667
Ward's (Mrs. W.) Out of Due Time, 542
Warden's (F.) Who was Ladv Thurne? 73
Warrego's (P.) A P Autre Lout du Monde, 229
Watson's (G.) The Voice of the South. 133
Watson's (II. B. M.) The High Toby, 294
Watson's (Dr. J.) The Inspiration of our Faith, 297
Webling's (P.) Blue Jay, 357
Welsh's (Rev. R. E.) Man to Man, 74
Wesley and his Century, by Fitchett, 793
Westeimarck's (E.) The Origin and Development of the
Moral Ideas, Vol. I., 692
Whadcoat's (G. C.) Rosamond's Morality, 73
Whaley (Buck), Memoirs, ed. Sullivan, 725
Whates's (H. R.) Canada : the New Nation, 699, 733
Wheeler's (Miss) Chertsey Abbey, 15
Whibley's (C ) William Pitt, 168
Whisbaw's (F.) Moscow, 12
Whisperings from the Great, compiled by Mcrcdyth, 544
AVhiston's Josephus, ed. Margoliouth, 606
Whites (P.) Mr. John Strood, 541
White's (S. E.) Blazed Trail Stories, G66
Whitehouse's (F. C.) Mark Maturin, Parson, 259
Whiteing's (R.) Ring in the New, 633
Whithard's (P.) George's Whims, 510
Whitney's (C) Jungle Trails and Jungle People, 669
Wilkinson's (R. J.) Malay Beliefs, 577
Williams's (B.) The 7 ?me.s History of the War in South
Africa, Vol. IV., 761
Williams's (H. N.) Five Fair Sisters, 787
Williams's (L. ) Granada, 542
Wilson's (Rev. C. T.) Peasant Life in the Holy Land, 449
Wilson's ( Vlajor-Gen. Sir C. W.) Golgotha and the Holy
Sepulchre, ed. Col. Sir C. M. Watson, 790
Wilson's (F. R. L.) Elementary Chemistry, Part I., 47
Wilson's (J. C.) On the Traversing of Geometrical
Figures, 44
Wilson's (J. D.) John Lyly,75
Wilson's (R.) Lingua Materna, 45
Winbolt's (S. E.) The Latin Hexameter, 57G
Winter's (J. S.) A Simple Gentleman, 509
Wister's (O.) Lady Baltimore, 003
Witt's (J. G.) Life in the Law, 793
Woman of Wit and Wisdom, A : a Memoir of Elizabeth
Carter, by Gaussen, 442
Woodroffe's (D.) The Beauty Shop, 227
Wordsworth's Literary Criticism, ed. Smith, 326; Guide
to the Lakes, ed. De Selincourt, 5 C!
World and its People, The 17
Wright's (M. T.) The Tower, 095
Wright's (T.) The Life of Sir Richard Burton, 420
Writers' and Artists' YearJJook for 1906, 105
Wyllarde's (D.) The Pathway of the Pioneer, 324
Yachting Monthly, The, 544
Yarcott's (W. G.) Pinch, Potty & Co., 729
V car-Books of Edward III . : Years XVIII. and XIX..
ed. Pike, 73
Yeats's (W. B.) Stories of Red Hanralian, 007
Yorke s (C.) Irresponsible Kitty, 294
Young O'Briens, The, 792
Poetry.
Butterfly, The : Garden Scandal, by .1. Beerbohm 515
My Blackbird and 1, by A. P. Graves, 764
Two Versions from the Old Irish, by A. P. Graves 137
Original Papers.
' Address to Lord Deninan ' Pscudo-Tcnnvsonian, 199
' Age of Justinian and Theodora,' The, 798
" American Advertising," 7"1
Asloan MS., The, 122, 482, 516, 671
Assistant Masters in Secondaiy Schools, 5<J
Arthurian Notes, 579
Blake, William, The Family of, 615
" Boast," The Etvmologv of, 18
Book Sales of 1905, 10. 78
Booksellers' Provident Institution, 329
British Academy, Proceedings of the, L903 I, 392
Buchanan's ((ieor^e) Schools, 7"7
Cambridge, Notes from. 391
Campion and Mr. Paul, 18
Chaucer: Chaucer's Ancestry, 233 ; " Prestes Thre'' or
" Prest Kstre," 231, 265, 299, 329
Classical Association, The, 4!)
Cornwall's (Barry) Lines to Lamb, 171
Creighton Memorial, 706
Dante : ' Divina Commedia,' The 1477 Venice Edition,
52, 79 : John Foxe and the ' I >e Monarchia,' 450
Dickens : 'Curious Dance round a Curious Tree,' L08
Dublin, Notes from, 545, 57!), 701
Dublin Degrees for Women, 579
Early English Drama Society, The, 80
Eclipse, A Life of, 547
Education in the Channel Islands, 137, 171
Educational Notes, 51
" Elstow," 298
English, The Study of, 547
Fletcher's (Giles) Version of Jeremiah, 701
Foxe, John, and the Editio Princeps of Dante's 'De
Monarchia,' 450
Froude's ' Nemesis of Faith,' 109, 451
Goethe and Heine, 265
Gray, Thomas, in Peterhouse, 76, 107
Harte, Bret, and San Francisco, 071
Hemans's (Mrs.) Birth, The Year of, 18
Henry V., The Birth- Year of, 040, 733
'Highlands and Islands of Scotland, The,' 071. '(02, 797
' History of Modern Liberty, A,' 040
Horse-Racing at Carthage, 298
Incorporated Association of Head Masters, 76
Ireland, Ancient Coalfields in, 232
Irish Memoirs, Lost, 733
Lamb, Charles : Reference Explained, 199, 233, 207 ;
Some Unpublished Letters of, 545, 009, 040; More
Eliana, 798
Library and Educational Authorities, Conference at
Birmingham, 578, 610
Lytton's 'John Acland,' 300, 451
Marlowe, Christopher, Bibliography, 18
'Melanges Nicole,' 232
Milton : " That Two-Handed Engine at the Door,'1 451,
515, 547
Murat and Napoleon. New Light on, 732
' New Collected Rhymes,' 232
Notaries Public, 199
'Open Road, The,' 671, 701, 732, 765
' Ormulum,' where was it written? 6< »!)
Oxford, Notes from, 360, 790
' Piers the Plowman,' The Misplaced Leaf of, 481
Press, International Congress for 1906 abandoned, 481
Publishers' International Congress at Milan, 765
Publishing Season, 199, 233, 205, 299, 329, 301, 393, 422,
516
Rome, Fire of, and the Christians, 108
• Royal Forests of England, The,' 52
Royal Historical Society, 171, 701
Russia, 51
Sales, 172, 234, 266, 423, 547, 609, 072, 673
Santa Petronilla, Destruction of the Villa of, 301
''Seladang," Hunting the, 515, 547
Shakspeare : error in ' Census of First Folios,' 52
State-aided Emigration, 733
Swinton Charters, The, 138
' Tree of Life, The ': a Correction, 233, 236
Truman Sale, The, 234
Two National Trusts, 071
' With the Cossacks,' 422
Wolfram von Eschciibach's ' Parzival,' The Author of
the French Original of, 422, 00S
Obituaries.
Althof, Prof., 580. Annand, J., 201. Beerbohm, J., 510.
Bendall, Prof. O, 331. Benecke, W., 53. Berrv, Mrs.
(Ada S. Ballin). 010. Bever, Prof. K., 303. Bickell,
Dr. G.. 110. Bickersteth. Dr. E. H., Old. Bierfreund,
Dr. T., 041. Blackie, Dr. W. G., 702, 733. Blois,
Comte de, 331. Bonwick, J., 172. Brightwen, E,
580. Brissac, 11., 641. Brock, Mrs. C.,, 19. Brody.
S., 81. Bruun, Dr. C, 301. Carjat, E., 363. Car-
rington, Dean, 19. Chenai, S. J., 303. Chesson. Mrs.
W. II., 4S3. Child, Rev. T., 395. Christ, W. von,
235. Claudin, A., 267. Cord'homme, C-, 172. Dalev,
V., 19. Davitt. M., 672. Dehors, Madame, 267.
Doniol, H., 799. Drysdale, W., 109. Dull, Sir M. E.
Grant, 78. Dunbar, P. I,, 200. Duncan, W., Mi.
F.dmond, J. P.. 139, 170. Edwards, II. S., 110,115.
Fenton, (I. I!., :>:;. Galwey, J., 201. Garnett, Dr. R.,
480, 517. Geikie, Rev. Dr. C, 12:",. (iloag. Rev. P. .1.,
53. Gliimer, C. von, 673. Gough, H., 639. Graham,
Rev. H. '. 580. Greenidgc, A. II J . 328. Gricsc-
bach, P., 395. Griming, 0 EL, 183. Grose, Rev.
T. II., 199. Haas, H., 19. Harper. Dr. W. R., 52.
Hart. H., 768. llartmann, F. von. 731. Heine. Dr.
O., 731. Henderson, J.. 207. Heyd. Prof. W., SOL
Heyne, Prof. M., SOL Hodgetts, Commander .1. P.,
510. Holden, E. B., 799. Holyoake, (J. J.. 106.
Horn, A. E., 207. Joubert, Carl, 235. Katech, A.,
172 Kerchove, Count O. de, 363. Kiclland, A.,
452. Lampertico, F .. 183. Lock. G. E.. Iv2. Mac-
artney, Sir II.. 734 Madura, Dr. E. C, 580. Mario,
BignoraJ.W., 300. Markgraf, Prof. 11., si. Meakin,
B., 799. Menger, Prof. A., 172. Mcrcicr, P.. 14".
Meyrick, F., is. Michel, S., 396. Niboyet. P., 707.
Ornano, C. d', 041. Perowne, Rev. E. IF, 172. Pol-
storff, W., 581. Poultney, A. H.t 109, 139. Reynell,
Rev. W., 32'J. Scliurz, C., 611. Smith, Rev. IF. B0.
Smith, Rev. Dr. T., 072. Spriggs. J. F . 734. J ris-
tram, Rev. H. B., 330. Trotter. Coutts, 172. Uhl,
F., 140. Vannor, G., 072. Vapereau, L. G., 518.
Vitelleschi, Marchese, 424. Walker, D. J., 235.
Ward, H. L. D, 138. Watt, W., 121.
Gossip.
Parliamentary Papers, 19, 53, 81, 110, 201, 235. 207,301,
331, 363, 395, 424, 4S:;, 518, 548, 581,611, 042. 673, 703,
73">, 70S, 799. Analysis of Books published in 1905, 53.
The Edinburgh Bibliographical Society Number of
Students matriculating at the German F'niversities, 81.
Booksellers' Provident Institution, 110, 235,395,518,
012, 799. Appointment of Dr. H. Jackson to the
Greek Professorship at Cambridge— Elections to the
Academie Franoaise, 139. Society of Antiquaries of
Scotland, 200. Mr. Yates Thompson's Lecture on
' Illuminated Manuscripts.' 234, 260. Annual Meeting
of the Newsvendors' Benevolent Institution, 235.
Correctors of the Press : Dinner, 300. The British
Museum Catalogue, 303. Annual Report of the
German Booksellers' Association, 011. Academie des
Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Award of Prizes, 041.
Award of the First Prix Gobert to General Bonnal. 735.
Annual Meeting of the London Library. 707- Academic
Fran<5aise, Award of Prizes, 707, 799. Anniversary
Festival of the Printers' Pension Corporation, 799.
SCIENCE.
Reviews.
Astronomische Nachrichten, 84, 143, 204, 309, 399, 551,
014, 803
Astronomischer Jahresbericht, ed. Prof. Berbcrich,
Vol. VII., 803
Avebury's (Lord) Notes on the Life History of British
Flowering Plants, 110
Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch, ed. Prof. Bauschinger,
803
Bichel's (C. E.) New Methods of testing Explosives, tr.
and ed. Larsen, 301
Boraston's (J. M.) Nature-Tones and Undertones. 611
Bose's (J. C.) Plant Response as a Means of Physiologica
Investigation, 708
Buckmaster's (G. A.) The Morphology of Normal and
Pathological Blood, 703
Bureau of American Ethnology, Annual Report. 735
Catalogues : Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British
Museum, Vol. IV., by Oates and Reid, 454; Fossil
Plants of the Glossopteris Flora in the British Museum,
by Arber, 582
Clay den's (A. \V.) Cloud Studies, 304
Clerke's (A. M.) Modern Cosmogonies, 51S
Confessions of an English Doctor, 453
Crawley's (E.) The Tree of Life, 233, 236
Dudgeon's (L. S.) The Bacteriology of Peritonitis, 453
Edinburgh Stereoscopic Atlas of Anatomy, Section III.,
ed. Waterston, 703
Fernie's (VV. F.) Meals Medicinal, with "Herbal
Simples '" (of Edible Parts), 704
Flammarion's (C.) Thunder and Lightning, tr. Mostvn,
364
Folk-lore, 582. 704
Galton's (F.) Noteworthy Families (Modern Science), 484
Geikie's (Sir A.) The Founders of Geology, 518
Greenwich Observations for 1903, 399
Guppy's (H. B.) Observations of a Naturalist in the
Pacific, Vol. II., 581
Hall's (A. D.) The Book of the Rothamsted Experi-
ments, 364
Halsham's (J.) Everyman's Book of Garden Flowers, SOO
Harris's (J. R.) The Cult of the Heavenly Twins, 483
Harvard College Astronomical Observatory, Report, 175
Harvard College Circular. 771
Harvie - Brown's (J. A.) Travels of a Naturalist in
Northern Europe. 235
Harwood's (W. S.) New Creations in Flant Life : Life
and Work of Luther Burbank. 395
Heath's (T. E.) Our Stellar Universe, 800
Hopkins's (M.) Experimental Electrochemistry, 518
Huggins's (Sir W.) The Royal Society, 799
Hutchinson's (J.) On Leprosy and Fish-eating, 7||3
II y slop's (J. II.) Enigmas of Psvchical Research, SOO
.lob's (II. K.) Wild Wing-. Oil"
Kelsall's (J. F.) The Birds of Hampshire and the Isle of
Wight, 424, 455
Ken's (R.) Nature through Microscope and Camera, 21
SUPPLEMENT to Hie ATHENAEUM with No. 4103, July 21, 1906]
January to June 1906 INDEX
OF CONTENTS
vn
Knipe'a (H. R.) Nebula to Man, 21
Kodaikanal and Madras Observatories, Reports, 487
L'Anthropologie, 82, 582
Lick Observatory, Bulletin, 583
Liverpool Astronomical Society, Transactions, 426
MacC'oll's (H.) Symbolic Logic and its Applications, 396
Hanson's (Sir P.) Lectures on Tropical Diseases, 452
Melbourne Observatory, Annual Report of the Board
of Visitors, 335
Memorie della Society degli Spettroscopisti Italiani, 55,
240, 335, 487, 583
Merzbacher's (Dr. G.) The Central Tian-Shan Mountains,
1902-1903, 267
MetchnikofFs (E.) Immunity in Infectious Diseases, tr.
Binnie, 363
Mitchell's (Dr. C.) Illustrated Official Guide to the
Zoological Gardens, 5S1
Moncrieff's (A. R. Hope) The World of To-day, Vols.
III., IV., 141
Morat's (J. P.) The Physiology of the Nervous System,
tr. and ed. Syers, 704
Moye's (Prof.) A la Poursuite d'une Ombre, 268
Munn's (P. W.) The Birds of Hampshire and the Isle of
Wight, 424, 455
Natal Observatory, Report of the Government Astro-
nomer, 738
Nautical Almanac for 1909, 204
New Editions, 518
Oliver's (Dr.) Maladies caused by the Air we breathe
inside and outside the Home, 301
Ootheca Wolleyana, ed. Newton, Part III., 453
Osier. William," Counsels and Ideals from the Writings of,
compiled by Carnac. 301
Parker's (K. L.) The Euahlayi Tribe, 735
Pike's (O. G.) Birdland Pictures, 425
Pratt's (E. A.) The Transition in Agriculture, 548
Prince's (M.) The Dissociation of a Personality, 549
Rawling's (Capt. C. G.) The Great Plateau, 19
Reinach's (S.) Cultes, Mythes, et Religions, Tome II.,
331
Royal Statistical Society, Journal, 704
Sargent's (P. W. G.) The Bacteriology of Peritonitis, 453
Scherren's (H.) The Zoological Society of London, 140,
174, 203
Schuster's (E.) Noteworthy Families (Modern Science),
484
Seaman's (L. L.) The Real Triumph of Japan, 703
Selous's (E.) The Romance of Insect Life, 20; The
Bird Watcher in the Shetlands. 611
Shaw (L. H. de V.) and others* Wildfowl, 395
Spencer, Herbert, by Thomson, 800
Telegraphic Determinations of Longitude made in the
Years 1888 to 1902, 399
Thomson's (A.) Herbert Spencer, 800
Titchener's (E. B.) Experimental Psychology, Vol. II.
Parts I. and II., 582
Vassar College Observatory, Publications, 426
Original Papers.
Anthropological Notes, 82, 302, 397. 582, 704
Electrons, The Theory of, and its Difficulties, 769, 801
Electrons, The Shape of, and the Maxwellian Theory,
865
Exposition de la Socitite Franchise de Physique, 549
Helium and the Transmutation of Elements, 301
Le Bon's (Dr.) Theories of Matter, 202, 237, 269, 303,
333, 366
London, A Neglected Map of, 397
'Magnetism, An Explanation of,' 54
Mature, La Fin de la, 201
Medical Societies of London, Amalgamation of the, 770
N Rays, The Question of the, 111
Research Notes, 81, 173, 202, 268, 366, 485, 642, 736
Royal Observatory, Greenwich, 673
Royal Society Conversazione, 611
Stereo-Isomerism, 519
' Zoological Society of London, The,' 174, 203
Societies.
Anthropological Institute— Annual Meeting, 142. Also
239, 334, 613, 675
Aristotelian— Elections, 21, 54, 334, 613. Also 204, 426
Asiatic— 83, 2.38, 367
Astronomical— Annual Meeting, 238. Also 111, 486.
612, 737
Bibliograph ical— 83
British Academy— 582, 674
British A rclvpological A ssoc iat ion — 1 1 1 , 270, 398,
520, 643. 802
British Xumismatic— Elections, 143, 271, 398, 550, 675
Challenger— 175, 660
Entomological— Annual Meeting, 111; Elections, 239,
368,398,464 Also 613. 770
Faradag—Vi'i, 521, 643, 802
Geological -Elections, 54, 111, 304, 367. 425, 486, 643,
802; Annual Meeting, 238. Also 174, 683, 7" I
Hellenic— 112. 270, 614, 704
Historical Elections, 112, 239, 368, 454, 643, 771 ;
Annual Meeting. 239
Institution of Civil Engineer* — Elections, 51, 171
304, 426, 487; Annual Meeting, 521. Also 1 42, 239,
334, 398
/. in nean -Elections, 112, 270, 304, 398, 4S6, 737. Also
54, 171
Mathematical— Elections, 83, 613. Also 204, 334, 550,
771
Meteorological — Annual Meeting, 83. Also 239, 304,
398, 486, 613, 771
Microscopical — Annual Meeting, 142. Also 54, 304,
426, 550, 674
Numismatic— Elections, 111, 238, 368, 643; Annual
Meeting, 802. Also 520
Philological— -Dr. J. A. H. Murray on the Society's
'Oxford Dictionary,' 333 ; Dr. H. Bradley on the M
Words in the 'Oxford Dictionary,' 486; Annual
Meeting, 583 ; Elections, 737. Also 83, 203
Physical— Elections, 239. Also 143, 334, 368, 426, 643,
704, 771
Royal Institution— Elections, 174, 304, 426, 583, 737;
Annual Meeting, 550
Societg of Antiquaries— Elections, 83, 304, 802 ; Annual
Meeting, 520. Also 21, 142, 174, 203, 333, 368, 398,
425, 674
Society of Bihlical Archeology— 334, 613, 771
Society of Engineers— Presentation of Premiums, 174.
Also 304, 426, 583, 737
Statistical— Annual Meeting, 802. Also 520, 613
Zoologkal-142, 239, 304, 333, 426, 520, 613, 674, 737
Obituaries.
Beale. Prof. L. S., 399. Boutmy, E., 143. Cornish,
C. J., 143, 173. Cunnington, W„ 271. Curie, P., 519.
De Ranee, C. E., 614. Goodchild, J. G., 238. Guillot,
A., 271. Joly, C. J., 53, 55. Karlinski, Dr. F. M.,
455. Kleinwachter, Dr. L.. 521. Langlev, Prof. S. P.,
271. Lindhagen. Prof., 675. Ljubimov, N., 369. Obst,
H., 675. Osten-Sacken, Baron K. R. von, 675. Rene-
vier, Prof. E., 614. Russell. Prof. I. C, 705. Shaler,
Prof. N. L., 705. Sprengel, Dr. II. J., 84. Waugh,
Rev. W. R. M., 175. Weldon, Prof. W. F. R., 485.
Yerkes, C. T., 21.
Gossip.
Award of the Medals and Funds of the Geological
Society, 55. Parliamentary Papers, 112, 550, 643, 675,
705, 771. Award of the Gold Medal of the Royal
Astronomical Society to Prof. W. W. Campbell, 175.
Award of Prizes by the French Institute. 455. Award
of Medals and Premiums of the Institution of Civil
Engineers, 521. Ascent of the Takt-i-Suliman, 550.
Mr. E. C. Young's Journey through Southern China
into India, 583.
FINE ARTS.
Reviews.
Allemagne's (H. R. d') Les Cartes tijouer du Quatorzit'-me
au Vingtu-me Siecle, 455
Amelung's (W.) The Museums and Ruins of Rome,
English Edition, 400
Bayliss's (Sir Wyke) Seven Angels of the Renascence, 487
Bell's (M.) Old Pewter, 803
Bemrose's (W.) Longton Hall Porcelain, 456
Berchem's (M. van) Materiaux pour un Corpus Inscrip-
tionum Arabicarum, 771
Binns's (W. M.) The First Century of English Porcelain,
488
Birch's (Mrs. L.) Stanhope A. Forbes and Elizabeth
Stanhope Forbes, 707
Bough, Sam, by Gilpin, 272
Brangwyn. Frank, The Work of, 175
Brown's (G. B.) The Care of Ancient Monuments, 336
Bumpus's (T. F.) The Cathedrals of England and Wales,
Second Series, 426; Summer Holidays among the
Glories of Northern France, 427
Bunney's (M.) English Domestic Architecture of the
Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century, 707
Burlington Magazine, 114, 274, 402. 523, 678, 806
Catalogue of Greek Coins in the Hunterian Collection,
University of Glasgow, Vol. III., by Macdonald, 708
Cathedrals of England and Wales, Part I., 707
Colvin's (S.) Early Engraving and Engravers in Eng-
land. 738
Comite de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art arabe,
Fasc. XIX., XX., XXI., 771, 806
Cram's (R. A.) Impressions of Japanese Architecture and
the Allied Arts, 552
Crane's (W.) Ideals in Art, 175
Druitt's (H.) Costume on Brasses, 707
Erskine's (Mrs. S.) Beautiful Women in History and
Art, 488
Field's (II.) English Domestic Architecture of the
Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century, 707
Field's (W. T.) Rome, 399
Forbes, Stanhope A., and Elizabeth Stanhope Forbes,
by Mrs. Birch, 7< »7
Gilbert's (G.) Cathedral Cities of England, 176
Gilpin's (S.) Sam Bough, 272
Goessler's (Dr. P.) Leukas-fthaka : die Ileimath des
Odysseus, 2 to
Graves's (A.) The Roval Academy of Arts, Vols. III.
and IV., 205; Vol. V., 706, 741
Greece, painted by Fulleylove, described by M'Clymont,
803
Greenaway, Kate, by Spielmann and Lnyard, 23
Hirth's Fonnenschatz, 336
Holtzinger's (II.) The Museums and Ruins of Rome,
English Edition, 400
Home's (G.) Normandy : the Scenery and Romance of
its Ancient Towns, 427
Hulme (E. W.) and others' Leather for Libraries, 241
Hunt's (W. H.) Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite
Brotherhood, 22, 58
India, by Menpes, Text by Steel, 55
Ingres, Jean Dominique : Twenty-Four Reproductions in
Photogravure, Monograph by Alexander. 273
Initia Operum Latinorum quas Saeculis XIII., XIV.,
XV. attribuuntur, ed. Little, 170
Italian Lakes, The, painted by Du Cane, described by
Bagot, 427
Jungman's (N.) Normandy, Text by Mitton, 426, 457
Layard's (G. S.) Kate Greenaway, 23
Leather for Bookbinding, Report of the Society of Arts
Committee on, ed. Viscount Cobham and Sir H. T.
Wood. 241
McClellan's (Mrs.) Historic Dress, 772
Macdonald's (G.) Coin Types, 70S
Mach's (E. von) A Handbook of Greek and Roman
Sculpture, 804
Macquoid's (P.) A History of English Furniture : the
Age of Walnut, 271
Medallic Illustrations of the History of Great Britain
and Ireland, Plates XXXI.-XL, 804
Menpes's India, Text by Steel, 55
Miltoun's (F.) The Cathedrals of Southern France, 427
Moore's (C. H.) Character of Renaissance Architecture,
706
National Gallery : The Flemish School, 707
New Editions, 457
Noyes's (E.) The Casentino and its Story, 55
Paston's (G.) Social Caricature in the Eighteenth Cen-
tury, 240
Prior's (E. S.) The Cathedral Builders in England, 143
Puvis de Chavannes, Caricatures de, Preface de M. Adam,
335
Randall-Maclver's (D.) Medieval Rhodesia, 551
Recy's (G. de) The Decoration of Leather, tr. Nathan,
241
Robinson's (F. S.) English Furniture, 272
Salter's (E. G.) Franciscan Legends in Italian Art, 335
Selected Drawings from the Old Masters at Christ-
church, Oxford, described by Colvin, Part IV., 272
Spielmann's (M. H.) Kate Greenaway. 23
Spirit of the Age : the Work of Frank Brangwyn,
A.R.A.. Essay by Benedite, 175
Wyllie'8 (W. L. and M. A.) London to the Nore, 335
Year's Art for 1906, 210
Original Papers.
Archaeological Notes, 57, 208, 428, 676
British Museum, Department of Coins in the, 25, S5
Cairo Monuments, S06
Glass Exhibition, Proposed, 113
National Collections, Our, 25
National Gallery, The, 740
Picture, An Unidentified, 114
Quilter Sale, 457
Rokeby Velasquez, The. 112, 554, 585
Rome : The British School at, 113, 177, 401,490; Notes
from. 208, 616
Royal Institute of British Architects, 145
Sales, 114, 145, 177. 209, 210, 242, 274, 306. 337, 370, 402,
429, 457, 491, 522, 554, 585, 617, 644, 677, 710, 740,
773, 806
Turners at the " Old Masters," 113
William the Conqueror's Thighbone, 457
Exhibitions.
Agnew's (Messrs.) Gallery, 206, 213
Alpine Club, 554, 710. 773
Baillie Gallery. 490, 618, 740, 773
Baird-Carter's (Mr. A.) Gallery, 771
Barbizon School, The, 127
British Museum, Illuminated Manuscripts in the, 616
Brook Street Art Gallery. 710
Burlington Fine- Arts Club, 369
Carfax's (Messrs.) Gallery, 25. 85, 178, 274, 740
Clifford's (Messrs.) Gallery, 522
Colnaghi's (Messrs.) Gallery, 213. 5S5, 710
Dickinson's (Messrs.) Gallery. 370, 101,618
Dore Gallerv, 306, 336, 370,' 400, 645, 740, 771
Dowdeswell's (Messrs.) Galleries, 176, 210, 138
Dudley Gallery. 77 t
Dutch Gallery. 678
Duveen's (Messrs. ) Gallerv. 615
Fine-Art Society, 25. 86, 207. 210, 212, 306, 337, 430, 710
Flemish Pictures at the Guildhall, 675
French Gallery, 685
Georgian England at Wbitechapcl, 488
German Artists, Contemporary, at Knightsbridge, 709
GrOUpil Gallery, 1 l.\ 176. 710 '
Grafton Gallery, 1 It. 551, 61 I
Graves & Co.'s (Messrs.) Galleries, 114, 212, 271.337,
370, 130,522, 664, 618,710
Gutekunst's (Mr.) Gallery, l 15, 207. 306, 369
Hodgkins's (Mr. V.. M.) Gallery, 710
John's (Mr.) Etchings, ~\\'.\
Jordncn*. Jacob, at the Marlborough Gallery, 710
Knocdler & Co.'s (Messrs.) Gallery, 771
Lefi'vre Gallery, 664
Leegatt Brothers' (Messrs.) Gallerv. 710
Leicester Oalleries. 58, 112, 210, 212, 370, 554
Leiguton House, 58
Vlll
THE A Til ENJEUM
rSUPPLBMKNT to thr ATQENjBUM with Ho. 4108, July i'\, lftM
JaHUABT TO Jim: 1906
FINE ARTS,
Exhibition! I wShnMS*.
Maod< mINiMi. W. a .1 Gallery. 710
M, ,„|. i'b(H "■ ''"
Modern Gallery. 86, 306, 306, 710
Munich Exhibition it the Qnfton Gallery, 61 I
EnjrlUh Art Club, 806
\< » QaJlerj • [nteraatlonal Society of Palntera Sculptors,
iimi Gravera, 66, 11 1, 278; Bummer Exhibition, 62]
Obaeh'i (If eatre.) Gallery, 243,
Old Masters ut Burlington Bouasj, 24, 68, 84, 113
painter- Etchers. 306
Pateraon'a (Mr.) Gallery, L78, 664, 648, 710
Rembrandt ( lallery, 7 H
Rowley Gallery, ll I, 248, 190
Royal Academy, Bummer Exhibition, 663, 684, 610, Ml
Royal Soo'ety of British Artiata, 370, 100
Royal Society of Painten in Water Colours, 771
Ryder Gallery, 1 16, 177. 306, 370, 190, 711
Shepherds (Heaara.) Gallery, 370. I'M
Sulley & <\>.'s (Messrs.) Gallery, 741,804
Twelve Club, Pictures by the, 190
Walker's (Mr.) Gallery, 774
Obituaries.
Aubert. E. .T., 711. Baceani, Signor A.. 741. Baur,
Prof. A.. 618. Bayliaa, Sir Wyke, 157. Bibari, A., -130.
Boucher, W. H., 306. C'almels, A. C, 402. Cannicci,
N., 140. Carriere, E., 402. Charlemont. E., 243.
Desbrosses, J., 337. Donnelly, W. A., 25. Dutest,
F.. 210. Edmonston, S,. 210. Flamm. Prof. A., 430.
Fontaine, A.. 210. Gerspach, E., 458. Geruzez, V.
("Crafty"). 710. Grivolas. P., 178. O rosjean, J., 458.
Helvig.J., 274. Hummel, K., S00. Lebourg, C. A., 307-
Martin-Cnllaud, M., 741. Molinier. E., 585. Moreau,
A., 274. Peel, J.. 17S. Rodde, K. G., 403. Ross, Miss
C. P., 145. Roubaud, A., 491. Riimann, W. von, 210.
Soldi, E., 370. Sturm, Prof. F.( 523. Tayler, E.,
210. Weir, H. W., 58. Wood, L. L, 146. Woods,
T. H., 402.
Gossip.
French Academie des Beaux-Arts : Elections, 20. Royal
Academy : Elections, 57. Royal Society of Painter-
Etchers and Engravers : Elections, 85. Academie
Royale of Belgium : Elections, 8G. Annual Banquet
of the Royal Scottish Academy, 145. Royal Society
of British Artists: Elections, 337. Victoria and
Albert Museum, : Acquisitions, 402. Royal Scottish
Academy : Elections, 403. Louvre : Acquisitions, 491,
G45. Parliamentary Paper, 522. Second Report of
the National Art-Collections Fund, 522. Bibliotheque
Nationale : Acquisitions. 554. Appointment of Sir C.
Holroyd as Director of the National Gallery, 585.
Winners of the Medaille (VHonneur in the Salon,
710.
MUSIC.
Reviews.
Brahms Bilderbuch, ed. V. von M. zu Aichholz, 115
Catalo<me of Manuscript Music in the British Museum,
by Hushes-Hughes, Vol. I., 679
Elson's Music Dictionary, 807
Folk-Songs from Somerset, gathered by Sharp and
Mason, Second Series, 711
Foote's (A.) Modern Harmony in its Theory and Prac-
tice, 807
Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Mait-
land, Vol. II., 458
Musik, Die, 491
Oxford History of Music, The : Vol. VI. The Romantic
Period, by Dannreuther, 26
Spalding's (W. R.) Modern Harmony in its Theory and
Practice, 807
Upton's (G. P.) The Standard Operas, 711
Wagner, Richard, to Mathilde Wesendonck, tr. Ellis, 711
Original Papers.
London Symphony Orchestra in Paris, 58, 86, 211
Mozart : a Correction, 211
' Peasant Songs of Great Russia,' 741
' Raffaello,' a New Italian Opera, 275
Sales, 275, 586
Schumann Festival at Bonn, 645, 678
Operas, Concerts, &C
Aldwych Theatre : ' Bluebell,' 86
Bach Festival, 430
Bach Memorial Concert, 555
Bauer's (Mr. H.) Pianoforte Recital, 711
Booker (Miss B.) and Harford's (Mr. F.) Concert, 403
British-Canadian Festival Concert, 807
Broad wood Concerts, 1 10, 210, 370
Busoni's (Signor) Pianoforte Recital, 774
Carreno's (Madame) Pianoforte Recital, 17^
Chabot's (Miss K.) Pianoforte Recital, 243
Chartres's (Miss V.) Violin Recital, 646
Clench (Nora) Quartet Concerts, 307, 403
Cracroft's (Miss M.) Concert, 275
Creatore Band Concerts, 307
Crystal Palace : Concert, 338
Elman's (M.) Concert, 523
Gerhardt's (Miss E.) Recital, 7 12
Gounod's ' Redemption ' at the Albert Hall, 275
(\l. \. da) Pianoforte Baeisal, 712
• - 1 1 )r B.) ( kmoi it*. 646, ' .7 '. »
Guildhall School ol atoxic Concert, 211
lh.hu ■ (M, it 1 Concert, 618
II. .u, (Mlaa M.) Violin u,
Hambourg'a (Mr. B.) RecitaJa, 648, 771
Handel Festival, 80/
Handel Booiety'a ( '■•m-i-r t, 646
His Majeety'a Theatre: Mr. Oolerldge-Taylor'a Inci-
dental Muaie to ' Nero,' 1 16
Holland's (Mr. T.) Concert, 248
llon-zowski'ii (M.) ( ioncert, 646
Joaobim Concerts, 66 1, 619
Joachim Quartet Concerts, 623. 666
[Ainond'a [Mr. F.) Pianoforte Recital, 712
Landi'a (Mile. ('.) Vocal Recital, 211
Lierbainmer's (Dr. T.) Song Recital, 371
London Ballad Concert, 371
London Choral Society: Sir II. Parry's 'Pied Piper of
II iiiii-liu. " 103
London Symphony Concerts, 114, 146,
London Symphony Orchestra Concerts, 210, 274, 403, 742
MacCarthy's (Miss M.) Pianoforte Recitals, 178, 211
Mclnnes's (Mr. J. C.) Bach Concert, 275
Malliuson's (Mr. and Mrs. A.) Recitals, 646
Marchesi's (Madame Blanche) Concert, 586
Mozart Commemoration by the Concert-Goers' Club, 1 10
Naval's (Herr P.) Recitals, 586, 646
Newman's (Mr.) Benefit Concert, 243
Oehler's (Hcrr K.) Pianoforte Recital, 307
Oriana Madrigal Society : Concert, 742
Pachmann's (V. de) Chopin Recitals, 712, 771
Philharmonic Concerts, 275, 458, 555, 711, 774
Royal Opera, Covent Garden : 'Tristan und Isolde,' 586,
645,711; First 'Ring' Cycle, 586; ' Der Vagabund
und die Prinzessin,' ' Der Barbier von Bagdad,'
Second « Ring ' Cycle, ' Rigoletto,' 618 ; ' Die Walkiire,'
645; ' Madama Butterfly,' 'Die Meistersinger,' 678;
'The Flying Dutchman,' 711; 'La Tosca,' ' Tann-
hiluser,' 742; ' Le Jongleur de Notre-Dame,' 774;
Messager's 'Les Deux Pigeons,' ' Aida,' 807
Sauer's (Herr E.) Pianoforte Recital, 370
Scharrer's (Miss I.) Orchestral Concert, 146; Pianoforte
Recital, 243
Scott's (Mr. C.) Concert, 403
Sunderland-Thistleton Concerts, 115, 430
Symphony Concerts, 178, 243, 307, 337, 523
Vienna Male Choral Society: Concerts, 646, 678
Vienna Philharmonic Society, 807
Warwick- Evans's (Miss V.) Violin Recital, 58
Wessely Quartet Concert, 178
Westminster Orchestral and Choral Society : Concert, 275
Williams's (Mr. C.) Orchestral Concert, 337
Obituaries.
Avensky, S., 308. Bacon, Mrs. E., 115. Blau, E.,
59. Bridge, Lady, 86. Duvernoy, H. L. C, 147.
Holmes, H., 27. Hurlstone, W. Y., 712. Krauss, G.,
59, 115. Lemmens-Sherrington, Madame, 619. Met-
ternich, Princess, 491. Milde, Frau R. von, 179.
Paine, Prof. J. K., 610. Reimann, H., 679. Stratton,
S. S., 808.
Gossip.
Conference of the Incorporated Society of Musicians, 86.
Mark Hambourg Competition, Award of the Prizes,
275. Bizet's 'Don Procopio' at Monte Carlo, 371.
Herr Wolf-Ferrari's ' Die vier Grobiane ' at Munich,
431.
DRAMA.
Reviews.
Carliell, Lodowick : his ' Deserving Favourite,' ed. Gray,
28
Churchill's (W.) The Title Mart, 743
Euripides, The Electra of, tr. Murray, 775
Fitch's (C.) The Girl with the Green Eyes, 743
Hazlitt's (W.) A View of the English Stage, ed. Jackson,
647, 680
Mantzius's (K.) A History of Theatrical Art, tr. Caasel,
Vol. IV., 338
Martinenche's (E.) Moliere et le Theatre Espagnol, 338
Moliore, The Life of, by Trollope— Moliere et le
Theatre Espagnol, by Martinenche, 338
Shakspeare : ' Twelfth Night.' ed. Luce, 742 ; ' Othello
Unveiled,' bv Subbarau, 743
Subbarau's (R.'V.) Othello Unveiled, 743
Trollopo's (H. M.) The Life of Moliere, 338
Original Papers.
Hazlitt's 'View of the English Stage,' 680
' La Revolte ' and ' The Fool of the World,' 459
Shakspeare Memorial Performances at Stratford-on-
Avon, 687
Sonnet d'Arvers, Le, 88, 460
Swinburne's ' Atalanta in Calydon ' at the Scala Theatre,
743
Theatres.
Ad 1 1 phi— ' Measure for Measure,' 372; Mrs. H. de la
Pasture's ' Tho Lonely Millionaires,' 646 ; ' The
Taming of the Shrew,' 680
Camden— ' The Prodigal Son,' 212 ; Everyman,' 372
tm— Buiieeque of ' Nero.' HI
Oomedg Beryl and Hamilton - Humour,'
Capt. Mandril's 'The Alabaster Btaircats, 276;
Grundy's 'A Pair of Spectacles,' Drmkwater'a ' \fu-r-
tbo 1 be Drums of Oasts,1
Barns 1 ' Pun. I. i/edv. and ' Josephine,'
i [ornm 1 and Praaoray'i ' Baffles, ' 618
Chronei ' IB HI J lliaMI,* tlTH ! ' Mrs. Oorringe'* Necklace,'
712; Madame Jane Hading s Performances, 7 ) 1, - -
t— Murray's ' Electra' of Euripides. 87, 840; Har.
court h ' A < nic --tion of Age, l-'t nti - ' Thai Convict on
the Hearth,1 180 1 ''I he Voyasy Inheritance,' 212;
Shaw's 'Captain Bmssbottnd - I ■: -ion,' 372, 492;
' Hippolytoa,' MM; ' Prunella, 624
Morton's ' The Little Stranger.' 211; Bern-
"* 'The Whirlwind,' tr. Melvill, Courtney "a
Tndine,' 680; Mrs. Lyttdton's 'The Macleans of
Bairru-Bs, 775
Drury Lane—Vim Terry's Jubilee, 743
Duh 0/ Forlfl ■■-' All-of-a-Sudden Pegtrv,' 620; Klein'a
'The Lion and the Mouse.' i',~'.>: 'The Marriage of
Kitty,' 712, 744 ; Barrie's ' Pantaloon,' 7 1 U
Oar, -Irk—1 The Merchant of Venice,' 88, 491 ; Trevor's
•Brother Officers.' U6; Dearden's 'The Dean's
Dilemma,' 148, 588; 8utro's 'The Fascinating Mr.
Vanderveldt,' 555; Francis's 'The Third Time of
Asking,' 712
Great Queen Street— English Drama Society : 'The
Interlude of Youth,' 60. German Plays: 'Alt-
Heidelberg,' 60; Stephany's 'Alma Mater,' 87;
Stobitzer's ' Liselott,' 116 : Moser and Trotha's ' Der
Militarstaat,' 148; Schiller's 'Maria Stuart,' 340;
Ibsen's ' Rosmersholm,' 620
Hallmark* t— 'The Man from Blankley's,'404; Francis'a
' Olf and the Little Maid,' 588
His Majesty's—' Twelfth Night." 60. 524. 550: 'Oliver
Twist,' 'An Enemy of the People,' 88; Phillips's
'Nero,' 147; 'The Tempest,' First Part of 'King
Henry IV.,' 524; 'The Merry Wives of Windsor,'
'Hamlet,' 'Julius Caesar,' 5.56; ' Capt. Swift,' 648;
Morton's ' Colonel Newcome,' 679
Imperial— Lothar's 'The Harlequin King,' adapted by
Parker and Brinton, 59; Sir C. Dovlc's 'Brigadier
Gerard,' 308; Dix and Sutherland's ' Boy O'Carroll,'
646
Lyric— H. B. Irving's ' Mauricette,' 431 ; Courtney'a
' Markheim,' 492 ; ' Brigadier Gerard,' 620 ; ' Othello,'
646, 744
New—' Dorothy o' the Hall,' 492
New Royalty— French Comedv Season, 59, 87,115, 148,
179. 211, 244. 308, 680, 712, 744, 776
St. James's — Thomas and Macarthur's ' Beside the
Bonnie Brier Bush, ' 27; 'As You Like It, ' 60, 88, 116 ;
Pinero's ' His House in Order,' 179
Savoy—' Lights Out,' 88, 148: Binvon's 'Paris and
02none.' Benson's 'The Friend in the Garden,' Shaw's
' How He Lied to Her Husband.' 340 ; Miss Graves's
' The Bond of Ninon,' 524 ; Askew and Knoblauch's
'The Shulamite,' 620, 744; 'The Conversion of Nat
Sturge, ' 648
Scala— Wills's 'ARoval Divorce,' 87; Ibsen's 'Lady
Inger of Ostrat,' 148 : Stange's 'The School for Hus-
bands,' 340: Jerome's 'Susan in Search of a Husband,'
372; McCarthy's 'The Flower of France,' 524.- In-
corporated Stage Society: Gogol's 'The Inspector-
General ' adapted by Sykes, Pollock's ' The Inventiona
of Dr. Metzler.' 776
Shaftesbury — McLellan's 'The Jury of Fate.' 27;
Carleton's ' A Gilded Fool,' 211 ; Mrs. Ryley's ' An
American Citizen,' 276
Terry's — Jones's ' The Heroic Stubbs,' 147 ; Miss
Syrett's 'The Younger Generation,' 180; Thomas's
'A Judge's Memory,' 372; 'The New Clown,' 431;
Gorky's 'The Bezsemenovs,' 524; Applin's 'The
Knight of the Bath,' 556: 'Castles in Spain.' 648
Waldorf— French and Stewert's 'Noah's Ark,' 28;
Bowkett's 'The Superior Miss Pellender,' Knoblauch's
' The Partik'ler Pet,' 115; 'She Stoops to Conquer,'
212, 244; Colman's 'The Heir-at-Law,' 371: Capt.
Marshall's ' The Second in Command,' 492 ; Herne'a
' Shore Acres,' 647
Wyndham's—' Capt. Drew on Leave,' 28 ; ' The Can-
didate,' 404 ; Carton's ' Dinner for Two,' 431
Obituaries.
Brandon, Miss O., 5S8. Hermann, K., 60. Ibsen, H.,
647. Lejkin, N. A.. 180. Merivale, H. C, 88. Miles,
E., 712. Owen, W. F..64S. Speidel, L, 212. Sta-
venhagen, F., 620. Stephenson, B. C, 116
Gossip.
Shakspeare Commemoration at Stratford-on-Avon, 524,
666. Shirley and Vane's ' The Spider and the Fly '
at the Grand Theatre, Brighton, 624 Miss Terry's
Jubilee, 556. Mr. Cox's 'Mary, Queen of Scots,' at
the King's Theatre. Hammersmith, 648. ' The Other
Man's Business ' at the Fulham Theatre, 680.
MISCELLAXEA.
" Cain " as a Synonym of the Moon, 776
Chaucer Bibliography, 432
Statute of Kilkenny, 'Date of the, 744
THE ATHEN^IUM
f mtrrnd nf English antt Jfarrip %iUmtmt, Mtima, tljt JFiiu ^rts, Jttusk ani tlje Drama,
No. 4080.
SATURDAY, JANUARY 6, 1906.
PRICK
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER.
GOVERNMENT GRANT to DEFRAY the
EXPENSES of SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS.— Applications
for the Year 1906 murt tie received at the Offices of the Royal Society
not later than JANUARY 31 NEXT, and must be made upon Printed
Forms to be obtained from the CLERK To THE GOVERNMENT
GRANT COMMITTEE, Royal Society. Burlington House, London, W.
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON.
(UNIVERSITY of LONDON. i
A COURSE of LECTURES on PHONETICS, with special reference
to English Speech Sounds, will be given by Dr. R. A. WILLIAMS
during the Second and Third Terms, on MONDAYS, at 5 p.m.,
beginning JANUARY 15.
An Inaugural Lecture, open to the Public without Fee or Ticket.
will be riven on JANUARY 15, on THE HISTORY OF l'HONETICS
AS A BRANCH OF SCIENCE.'
Applications for Tickets, accompanied by drafts drawn in favour of
Mr. ARTHUR J. SHOUT, should be addressed to the undersigned.
Fee, One Guinea.
WALTER W. SETON, M.A., Secretary.
NIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON.
[UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.)
Mr 1) S MacCOLL, M.A. ILond.) HA. (Oxon.), will CONTINUE
his COURSE of LECTURES on SCULPTURE. MEDLEVAL,
RENAISSANCE, ami MODERN, in the Second Term, on FRIDAYS,
at J.:i» p.m., beginning on JANUARY 12.
The First Lecture will be open to the Public without Fee or Ticket.
Applications for Tickets. Fee, One Guinea.
WALTER W, SETON, M.A., Secretary.
SIMEON SOLOMON.— An Exhibition of
PAINTINGS by the late SIMEON SOLOMON NOW OPEN at
the BAILLIE GALLERY. 54, Baker Street. W. in toil. Admission
including Catalogue) Ik.
FINE ART.— A GENTLEMAN, well known to
Artists and Picture Buyers, wishes to hear from one with 1,0002.
to enable him to take a small PICTURE GALLERY for the Exhibi-
tion and Sale of Modern Pictures and other Works of Art. — Address
PINE ART care of Anderson's Advertising Agency, 14. Cockspui
Street. S.W.
IT
N
EWS VENDORS' BENEVOLENT
PROVIDENT INSTITUTION.
Founded 1839.
AND
Funds exceed 25,0007.
Memorial Hall Buildings, 18, Parringdon street. London, B.C.
Patron :
The Right Hon, THE EARL of ROSEBERY, kg. K.T.
President :
The LORD GLENESK.
Treasurer :
THE LONDON AND WESTMINSTER RANK. LIMITED.
A Donation of Ten Guineas constitutes a Vice-President and gives
Three votes for life at all elections. Each Donation of Three Guineas
,i vote at all elections for life. Every Annual Subscriber is
■ milled to one vote at all elections in respect of each Fi\e shillings
... paid
MEMBERSHIP.— Every Man or Woman throughout the United
Kingdom, whether Publisher, Wholesaler, Retailer, Employer, or
Employed, is entitled to become s Member of this Institution, and
enjoy its benefits upon payment of Five shillings annually, or Three
Guineas for life, provided that be or she is engaged in the sale of
Newspapers, and such Members who thus contribute secure priority
of consideration in the event of I heir needing aid from the Institution.
PENSIONS The Annuitants now number Thirty six, the men
receiving 26!. and the Women kM per annum each, and they include i
The "Royal Victoria Pension Fund, which was established in 1S87
enlarged in i^:i7. IBM, and 1902, perpetually commemorates the
great advantages the News Trade enjoyed under the rule of Her late
Majesty Queen Victoria, provides Pensions of 202. a year each for Six
\\ idows of Newsvendors.
The " Francis Fund provides pensions foi one Man, 251., and One
Woman 201., and was specially subscribed in memory of the late John
Francis, who died on April 6, 1882, and was for more than fifty rears
Publisher of the Atkenaum. He took an active and leading part
throughout the whole period of the agitation for the repeal of the
various then existing " Taxes on Knowledge,' and was for very many
years a staunch supporter of this Institution.
The " Horace Marshall Pension Fund" is the gift of the late Mr
Horace Brooks Marshall. The etnplouin of that firm have primary
right of election to its I. em-fit-, hut thi- privilege not li.i\ iiiu' been
exercised until 1904, the General Pensions of the Institution have had
i he toll benefit arising from the interest on this investment from 1887
i., 1903
The "Herbert Lloyd Pension Fund provides 252. per annum for
■nan: and was established in I'm:: in perpetual ami grateful
memory of Mr Herbert Lloyd, who was a generous benefactor of
this Institution and who did May 12, 1899.
The "Hospital Pension- consist of an annual contribution,
whereby sir Henry Charles Burdett and his co-directors generously
enable the Committee to grant 202. for one Year to :i Man, under
onditions laid dim n in Rule He.
W. w ILK IF. Ji 'NKs. Secretary.
E BOOKSELLERS' PROVIDENT
INSTJTTTI'iN
Founded L837.
Patron HF.R m \J esty QUEEN ALEXANDRA,
invested i anital, 30,0001.
A UN IQTJ E I N V EST M ENT
Offered to London Booksellers and theii Assistants,
\ \oung man or woman of twenty Ave 'an invest the sum of T\vent\
eaa loi it- equivalent by instalments), and obtain the right to
participate in the following iidvantages :
FIRST. Freed from want in tii f Advergftj a- long as need
\i-t-,
second. Permanent Relief in old Age.
THIRD Medical Advice by eminent Physicians and Surgeons,
FOURTH. A Cottage in the Countrj I Abbot* Langley, Hertford-
shire! for aged Members, with garden produce, coal, and medical
attendant e ft ion to an annuity
FIFTH V furnished house in the si i Retreat at Abbots Langley
toi the u-i -a Members and their families foi holidays or during
- onvalesceni -
SIXTH A contribution towardi I iral expenses when it is needed
SEVENTH \\\ these are available not for Members only, but also
!-■, theii wive* r>t widows and young children
EIGHTH, 'lie imymcnt of the subscriptions confers an absolute
light to these benefits in all casei oi i 1
i ■ i iniilir, Informatl ppk to tie- 8» retai | Ms '• GORGE
LARNER, 28, Pate »t< i Row i: I
rPH
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS.
rPHE
FACULTIES OF ARTS (INCLUDING LAW), SCIENCE,
AND TECHNOLOGY.
The SECOND TERM BEGINS on WEDNESDAY. January 10.
New Entries will he taken for most of the Classes,
Prospectus free from the REGISTRAR. Lyddon Hall is licensed for
the Residence of Students.
B
EDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(UNIVERSITY OF LONDON),
York Place. Baker Street, W.
The LENT TERM BEGINS on THURSDAY. January is.
The College provides instruction for Students preparing for the
University of London Degrees in Arts. Science, and Preliminary
Medicine ; also Instruction in Subjects of General Education.
There is a Training Department for Teachers, a Hygiene Depart-
ment, and an Art School.
Students can reside in the College.
DEPARTMENT FOR PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IN
TEACHING.
(Recognized by the Cambridge Syndicate.)
Students are admitted to the Training Course in OCTOBER and
JANUARY.
The Course includes full preparation for the Examinations for the
Teaching Diplomas granted by the Universities of London and
Cambridge.
TWO DECCAN SCHOLARSHIPS, each of the value of 222. Ids.,
and ONE SCHOLARSHIP of the value of 202., will he offered for the
SESSION beginning OCTOBER, 1908. Candidates must hold a Degree
or an equivalent. dPor further information apply to the HEAD OF
THE DEPARTMENT.
T)IRMIN<;HAM and MIDLAND INSTITUTE.
school of MUSIC.
\ 'isitor -Sir EDWARD ELGAR. Mus.Doc. LL.D.
Principal -GRANVILLE BANTOCK.
Visiting Examiner FREDERICK CORDER, F.R.A.M.
SESSION 1905-1906.
The Session consists of Autumn Term (September IS to Deem
ber 16) ; Winter Term (January 13 to April 7i ; Summer Term (April H
to June 23).
Instruction in all Branches of Music; Students' choir and Orches-
tra ; Chamber Music ; Fortnightly Rehearsals : t loncerts : and Opera.
Prospectus and further information may be obtained from
ALFRED HAYES, Secretary.
pRYSTAL PALACE COMPANY'S SCHOOL
\J OF PRACTICAL ENGINEERING. EASTER TERM COM-
MENCES on WEDNESD \Y. January 10, 1906. New Students should
attend the School on the previous day for Examination between
in l.m. and 1 p.m. Principal J. W. WILSON, M.I.C.E. MIME.
rpHE DOWNS SCHOOL SEAFORD, SUSSEX.
i Head. Mistress Miss LUCY ROBINSON, M.A. (late Second Mis
tress St. Felix School, Southwold). References: The Principal of
Bedford College. London ; The Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge.
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of schools for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are Ini ited to call upon or send fully detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GABBITAS, THRING k Co..
who for more than thirtyyears have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of. charge, is given by Mr. THRING, Nephew of the
late Head Master of Uppingham, 36, Sackvillc Street, London. W.
UN
IVERSITY
OF LONDON.
NOTICE is hereby GIVEN that on Wednesday. March 28
next, the SENATE will proceed to elect EXAMINERS in the
following Departments for the Year 1906-7:
FOR EXAMINATIONS ABOVE THE MATRICULATION,
The Examiners appointed will he called upon to take part in the
Examination of both Internal ami External students. The remunera
Hon of each Examine, -hip consists of a Retaining Fee for the year,
and a pro rata payment for Papers set. Answers marked, and Meetings
attended. Full particular- can he obtained on application to ih,
Principal.
THEOLOGY.
Two in the Hebrev Text of the Old Testament ami the Greek Text
.,t i he New Testament
\RTS AND SCIENCE
one in Mathematics I One in Experimental Physics
MEDICINE.
i in. in Medicine. I l ine in PathologJ
i me in Surgerj ,
Economics.
urn- in Public Administration and Finance.
Candidates must send ill their names to Hie Principal, with anj
attestation of theii qualifications they may think desirable on oi
bcfori TUESDAY, - uarj •-•:: It Testimonials are submitted
i In oe epic- should be t. , i w :n . i.-,l Original Testimonials should nol
In- -cut If more than one |-',\:iiouiei>hip is applied for, a Beparati
plete application must be forwarded for each it i- particular!!
desired hj the Senate that no application oi any kind be made to its
indii idicd Members
Bj ler "t the Senate,
Mt'l'lll'l! w. RUclvER. Principal
I or ,i -it 3 of London. Sout I, Kensington, S.W.,
Decembct 1905
T
RANSVAAL
TECHNICAL
lull INNESB1 1:0
tNSTITUTE,
Hi- proposed to appoint a PROFE8SOH ol ENGLISH LANG! tid
and LITI K VI
The -lipeiiil ot the PrufcSDol "ill hi B00! , " i ,1110,0,
Pi. fi renci will he given 1- 1 he I andid iti s ho >- abli to ti a, h elthi 1
Ih-r-i- o, Mental and Mornl Philosophy
'lb, «"il- \t Sessi, 11 MARI II 1 1
Applii utions, togel hi 1 « ,i li Ti ■ 1 imoni d ahnuld hi set
than JAM \ i:\ 1 1 1 to Mi \ 1:1.' 'I. UK I NO, a
Siilisrnm Housi , Fin-bo, vCtrcu E.t nv hom forthi ■
tni 1.
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
c
H A N G E
OF
A D D R E S S.
Mr. T. FISHER UNWIN begs to announce that he has REMOVED
his Publishing Offices from 11, Paternoster Buildings, to i A DELPHI
TERRACE, STRAND. W.e.
U
NIVERSITY
OF
O X F 0 R U.
LECTURER IN HINDUSTANI.
The Delegates for superintending the Instruction of Selei ted Candi-
dates for the Civil Service of India will, in the course of Hilary Term.
1906, proceed to the election of a LECTURER in HINDUSTANI in
the UNIVERSITY.
The Salary attached to the Lectureship is 1601. per annum, ami the
Lecturer is entitled to demand certain fees from the persons who
attend his Lectures.
The Lecturer is elected annually, but is re-eligible.
Applications, together with Testimonials, should be sent to the
Secretary to the Delegates, F. C. MONTAGUE, M V Oriel College,
Oxford, and should reach him not later than PEBRTJ \ l:\ l-i
It is desirable that applicants for the Lectureship should state
til Whether or no they are acquainted with both tin- Persian and
the Nagari characters.
(2) Whether or no it is their intention to reside in oxford.
c
0 U N T Y
0 F
LONDON.
The LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL invites applications for the
appointment ol SKCKETAKY of tin- LONDON CO! VI' \ I OTJNCIL
SCHOOL of BUILDING, FERNDALE ROAD, BRIXTON S w. The
person appointed will be required to be present each day r wo-thirda of
the hours during which the school is open, and on Saturdays, His duties
will include the collection of Pees, the Issue of Tickets to the
Students, the care of Registers, preparation "t" claims for Govern
incut Grant, and the conduct of Routine Correspondence.
Experience <>t the Administration oi Technical Schools oi similar
Educational Institutions will be required.
The Salary will be L502. per annum, rising by annual increments <-t
121, 10s. (" 2002. per annum.
The nt-rsim appointed will V subject to the usual conditions
attaching t<> the service of the Council, particulars pi which are
contained in the form of application, and he will be required to take
up his duties immediately.
Applications must lie made on the official tonus, to be obtained from
the Clerk of the London Couuty Council. Education Offices, Victoria
Embankment, w.c,. and which must be returned not later than
10 \.m. on WEDNESDAY, January it. 1906, accompanied bj copies of
not mole than three recent Testimonials.
Canvassing,, either directly ox Indirectly, will be held to be a
disqualification for appointment.
a 1, GOMME, Clerk ot the London Countj Council
The County Hall, Spring Gardens, s.\\\,
.human i. L906
ENT EDUCATION COMM ITTKK.
K
siTTIN(.i;ol RNE HIGHER EDUCATION si B-COMMITTEE.
COUNT! SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, SITTINGBOI RNE
WANTED, in JANUARY, Two assistant MISTRESSES at the
above-named SCHOOL. Applicants should be qualified to teach
English, French, Drawing, and Arithmetic. Preference will be given
to Candidates who are registered in Column 1> Initial Salarj 90J.-110!.
per annum, according to qualifications and experience, rising, in
.1- cordance with the Committee's Scale, by annual increments of W. to
I50f.
Application Forms will be supplied by Mi E. BRIGDEN Terrace
Road, Sittinehom lie, to whom they lllil>t I n- returned.
Canvassing will be considered a disqualification.
Bj I Irder of the t lommit tee,
li; vs. \v. CROOK Seen tary.
ii, Bedford Row , I ondon, W.C,
December 23, 1806
PUBLISHER REQUIRES AUTHORS to
1 PREPARE bright and interesting COMPILATIONS foi the
YOUNG. Replies, giving details of previous Literarj Work to H s.
Box 1071, Athenaeum Press, 13, Breams Buildings, Chancer} Lane, E.C
/GENTLEMAN representing several Srraa of
" n standing amongst besi class oi Provincial Fine-Art Dealers
and with knowledge ot besi Provincial Booksellers, desiri b tu REPRE
SENT BOOK PUBLISHER issuing choice l ks Good salesman,
London office, Highest references as to ability and VRT,
Box 1072, Athcna-nin Press, 13, Bream's Buildings E.t
WANTED, by YOUNG LADY, age 25,
SECRETARIAL* or TRANSLATION WORK German
abroadl, French, Shorthand, Typewriting. 0 ■
C /. V., 16, Streathbourne Road, S w
SECRETARIAL WORK REQU1 RED, by
> ' LADi Shorthand Typisl G I Linguist > ueral
Education Trained. Highest references, address H
i ! llbemarle Street W
SECRETARY. LADY, well educated and
!' experienced, seeks MORNING ENGAGEMENT
Typewriting, 140 iO Exccllenl Iddress, M I I n
church Stieet | .
\ X active Y 0 UNG M A N (23) i iquires
.\ SITUATION a» PUBLISHER'8 oi BOOKSELLER? VSSIS
T Wl' i :,n Buiiplj p I let. ren i'i, -.
: Bi e no - Building
TI! \ \ SLA 'I'I o\. Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing, Encyclopsedii Vrticlea, and othci Literar; H
Non Hcsidi ni Seen taryship I lassii s. Krencl
lo Saxon si„ , ial stildi i-ts Mvtlu
Varied experience Moderate termi MibsSELBI W
I ITKKAIIN RESEARCH undertaken a( the
li British Museum and elsewhere on moil
Testimonials \ I. ■
i|i
••>
T II E A T II KX-Kl'M
N U)80, .Ian. 6, L906
rpRAININCJ for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
I WORK, anil INDKXINU \,.,.|,|\i . |-t i H I I: i;K I |m, i: NX
Oci Tripta •■-•«. i lult Street it,, 11. 1 mi.-.-i l. ,ii,;,, ii, u
A
U I HORS' MSB., M. pel 1 .« m *• • words.
UiiNM PLAYS BNVKLOPKS .111.1 .ill kind! oarafullj
TYPED »l homo iKvminston Uoul \»\m Ordem I i-ilj '«xe
rutttl M I. I..7. \. 111, .11 KihiiI ; 11, •» knuwn u III Kl.-.l. K...I
1 I i|,li.ni, .- H
A
UTHORS'MSS., NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
I "\\s T\|-K W KITTEN »ul>
1, .i.l- It. 1.1. Ui well ki
bant Rox borough Koad, Harrow
.mi, 1, 1
1.000 wonli It, 1. 1.1,..- 1., well known Writon M vi I \ it'l ', Thirl
rp\ PE w RITING,9rf.per t.OOOworda PLAYS,
I N'UVEU i:--\\>\. .with] iptitude and I trbon
- 1 >iH.<vlallty. lilgheal reference*. M KINO. 3*2 Koxborougta
Road, II
rPVl'K WKlTlNt; ondertaken by highly educated
1 Women [Obmloal Tripo* ; Cambridge Higher Local; Modern
buiguageai. Research, Kevlaion, Tnuulation, [Metal Koom
THE t'AMBRIIKJE TYPE WRITING AGENCY. 1". Duke Street,
Adelphi, \\ C
TV V V. - W K I T 1 NG. Gentleman strongly
RECOMMENDS LADY, well educated, experienced, f.'.r
Intelligent COPYING ..t Mss or Commercial Papers ad. per l.ooo.
Special ternu for regulai irork. Mi>- HORNBUCKLE, care of
.1. V E. Q., 4. Adam Street, Strand.
TV PK-\VKITIN<}.— AUTHORS" MANU-
SORIPTS of ;ill kin. I- carefuUv TYPED at usual rates by a
Cambridge Graduate I Honours I with knowledge of French, German,
and Italian. — A. V. Howman. Hanover Lodge, Kensington, Bath.
THE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
The interests of Authors capably represented. Agreements fur
Publishing arranged. Mss. placed with Publishers.— Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. BTJROHES, ■>*. Paternoster Row.
p MITCHELL & CO., Agents for the Sale and
\J • Purchase »>f Newspaper Properties, undertake Valuations for
Probate or Purchase, investigations and Audit of Accounts, &c. Card
of Terms on application.
Mitchell House. 1 and -J. Snow Hill. Hollmrn Viaduct. E.C.
A
THKN.EUM PRESS.— JOHN EDWARD
FRANCIS. Printer of the Athenaum, Notes ami Queries, &c, is
prepared to sum IT ESTIMATES for all kin.ls of BOOK, NEWS,
and PKRIOKK'AL PRINTING.— IS. Breams Buildings, Chancery
Lane. E.< .
Catalogues.
FIRST EDITIONS of MODERN AUTHORS,
including Dickens, Thackeray, Lever, Ainsworth; Books illus-
trated liy Ci. and It. Cruikshank, Phiz, Itowlandson. Leech, &c. The
largest and choicest Collection offered for Sale in the World. CATA-
LOGUES issued and sent post free on application. Books Bought.—
WALTER T. SPENCER, 27, New Oxford Street, London. W.C.
HH. PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street, Leicester,
. issues CAT ALOGtTES of MSS. and BARK BOOKS post free
to Book Collectors. 2\'o. 14 contains Early Printing. Koln, Mainz,
Nuremberg, Leipzig, Paris, Parma. Rome, Strasslmrg, Venice,
Vicenza, &c. ; Burton's Arabian Nights. Benares Edition. &c.
CATALOGUE No. 44. -Turner's Liber Studiorum,
England and Wales, and other Engravings — i Lucas's Mezzotints
after Constable— Etclrings )>y Whistler, S. Palmer, &c. — Drawings by
Turner. Burne-Jones, Kuskin, &*•.— Illustrated Books — Works by
Kuskin. Post free. Sixpence. — WM. WARD, 2, Church Terrace,
Richmond. Surrey.
THE INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
No. 141, containing a Special Article, entitled 'MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY and MATTER, l.v Prof. ALFRED W.
PoRTER. Specimen Copies gratis. -WILLIAMS & NORGATE.
Book Importers, 14, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
NCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Collectors
A
and Antiquarians are invited to apply to SPINK & SON,
Limited, for Specimen Copy [gratis] of their NUMISMATIC CIRCU-
LAR. The finest Greek, Roman, and English Coins on View and for
Bale at Moderate Prices.- SIM NIC & SON. Limited, Experts. Valuers,
and Cataloguers. lt>. 17, and 18, Piccadilly, London, W. Established
upwards of a Century.
TO BOOKBUYERS and LIBRARIANS of FREE
LIBRARIES. The JANUARY CATALOGUE of valuable
SECOND -HANI) WORKS and NEW REMAINDERS, offered at
prices greatly reduced, is NOW READY, and will he sent post free
upon application to \V. II. SMITH k SON, Library Department,
186, Strand, London. W.C.
A
RUSTIC BOO K B I N I) I NG. — Miss
- WINIFRED STOPES, 11. Gayton Road. Hampstead, BINDS,
HALF BINDS, or REPAIRS BOOKS. Pupils received. Terms on
application. Bindery open to Visitors in to ,r>, Saturdays excepted.
>aks bn ^urtion.
M
Curios.
TUESDA Y SEXT, January 9, at half-past 1! o'clock.
R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at his Rooms, 38, Eing Street, Covent Garden. London, W.C,
beautiful EMBROIDERIES, PORCELAIN, BRONZES, SCREENS,
&, •.. from China and Japan Idols, Ornaments, Brass, and other Metal
Ware received from Collectors Coins, Pictures, Native Weapons from
the I longo and other Parts.
no view Monday prior 10 1" IS and morning of Sale. Catalogues on
application.
Microscopes, Lanterns, Cameras.
On FRIDAY NEXT, at half -past IS o'clock.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at his Rooms, 88, Kins' Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C,
MICROSCOPES, OBJECTIVES, and all ACCESSORIES by well
known Makers Optical Lanterns, with slides In first-rate order ; also
Cameras Lenses cinematograph Films Type-Writer Chronometer
and Miscellaneous Property.
On view day prior 10 to B and morning of Sale. Catalogues on
application.
Birds' Eggs, including an Egg of the Qrsal ■
Ml: .1. C. STEVENS will OFFER, s>1 bia
I(,..iiik, M King >n, . 1.1.-11 London, Vt C. on
M'KDNKMDAY. Jauuan . U LLECTION >f EUOH fonu
Mi Hi:i. I. \l \N PIDHLEV, which inoluii
ui. h ,.1 K,. man] othei
Intereating Khj- Uaoan BOG of the GKEAT Al B oil of
itnoih.-i \ andoi
OatsdOgQMi in 0OQIM Of preparation, may Im- had on appli, at ion
Books and M . including the Collection 0] tjriental
Books and Manuscripts and the Mathematical Library of
Ho- lots lloo. Mr. Justice <> A'/.Y EM. Y
ME8SR8. SOTHEBY, WTLKIN80N ft BODGE
»ill SELL bj M CTION, al thai] House, No IS, Wellington
Street Hti I, « ' on MONDAY. Januan l», and Two Following
Days, al I o'clock precisely. BOOKS md MANUSCK1PTH Including
the COLLECTION uf ORIENTAL BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS and
the MATHEMATICAL LIBRARY of the late Hon Mi Justice
O'KINEALY. of the High Court of Calcutta; also the LIBRARY of
T MORSON, Esq,., of i~. Gordon Bquare. oompriaing First Editions "t
Thackeray and Dickens numerous Works Ulustretod by Cruikahank
lincluding some of the rarer ones), T Itowlandson, R. Seymour, Ac.—
the Goupil Dlustrated Series Extra-Illustrated B.s.ks ; the
LIBRARY of W. .1 PLEW8, Esq., of Colwvn Bay; and othei
Propertiea, .omprising numerous standard Works, chiefly of M»*dcrn
Fhlglish Writers, in most Branches of Literature
May be vi.-wnl two days prior. Catalogues may he had.
The Collection of Book-Plates (Ex-IAbris) of the late JAMES
ROBERTS BROWN, Esq.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON ft HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION (by Order of the Bxecutorsl, at their
House. No. 1:1, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C, on FRIDAY,
January 19, at 1 o'clock precisely, the collection of BOOK-
PLATES lEx-Lihrisi of the late JAMES ROBERTS BROWN, Esq.
of 44, Tregunter Road, London. S.W.
May lie viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
NOW RKAD\
Till.
C
0 N T E \l Mi R .\ B \
■it.tii-
R }■: v 1 k W.
■I II K RU8SI IN -" I M.I--: - Bj / 1 K
rHK HIHTOBi "i KNOLIHH PABUAMEHTABT
PROCKDI It I.
■ INK ILBERT K
AN AGNOSTICS PROGSBfa I By (f ffliam SeoM Fsjsjsjr,
HOSPITAL FINANCE By the Hon Sydney Holland ctminujuiof
the |y,iid,,n Hospital
THE BANK It U I'M A OF HIOHEB CRITICISM III By Dr.
Enid Belch
1111. will, aVfi \ \ii.\N- (.1 PROLONGING 1.11 1..
Bj m JEAN FIMOT
TARTARS AND ARMENIANS By .1 Oordon llrowi.r
< noii n
By A E KEETON
STANDS Ulster WHERE IT DIDI By 8. Paraeil Kecr.
THE UNEMPLOYED. By 0 I iuui.
POREIGH AFFAIRS By Dr E J. Dillon
London: Horace MARSHALL A -
T
Autograph Letters and Siaiwd Documents of British and
Foreign Sovereigns, Princes, <(c., the Property of the late
Mr. FREDERICK BARKER.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HOIK; E
will SELL hv auction [by order of the Executors), at their
House, No. 13, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C, on MONDAY.
January 22, at 1 o'clock precisely, AUTOGRAPH LETTERS and
SIGNED DOCUMENTS of BRITISH and FOREIGN SOVEREIGNS,
PRINCES, Ac, the Property of the late Mr. FREDERICK BARKER.
May he viewed two days prior. Catalogues may lw had.
Valuable Miscellaneous Books, including the Library of the
late H. J. P. DUMAS, Esq., removed front IS, North 'Side,
Clapham Common.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancery Lane, W.C, OH
TUESDAY, January 9, and Two Following Days, at l o'clock, valu-
able MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, including the above Library and
other Propertiea, comprising Dugdale's ttonastioon Anglicanum,
Third Edition, 8 vols. — Ormerod's Cheshire, 3 vols., and other Topo-
graphical and Antiquarian Books— Raynalde's Byrth of Mankynde,
1560, and a few other Early-Printed and Curious Black-Letter Books-
Shakespeare's Hamlet, 4to, 1676, and other Plays by Dryden, D'Urfey,
and Shad well — Surtees' Handley Cross, First Edition, uncut —
Chetham Society's Publications, from 1844 to 1891, 129 vols.— Huguenot
Society's Publications, 17 vols. — Harvey's Phycologia Anstralica,
5 vols.— The New English Dictionary, 5 vols, in 10, half-morocco — Sets
of the Encyclopedia Britannica, ;J6 vols, morocco, and Punch, 100 vols,
in 25, half-morocco— also Library Editions of Standard Historical
Works, and other Books in General Literature, including the two
scarce volumes of Gardiner's History of England |160:J-16)— a Set of
the'Chiswick Press British Poets, inn vols, old blue morocco— and the
British Essayists, 45 vols., uniformly bound, the Property of a LADY.
To be viewed and Catalogues had.
KOW KEADV
HE BUILDER XKW FEAR'S NUMBER,
I ;tth« i ni« Street, London, W.C.. January 6, is#06, contains :—
on the Roof, UUan Cathedra] ; The BiooardJ Paiaee, Florence ; Part
<.f Facade, Biena rntheriral; Piccoioinind Altar, Bleiu Cathedral tall
the above drawn bj Mr. A. C. Oonrade ; View or the Kew War Mflictr
(drawn by Mr. E. IJ. Ufflb) ; Sculpture, New War uflur : Kew Main'--,
VersailloB [from Photographs); Views of "id London. Embankment
District (from prints in the Crace Collection'; Under the Temple
Portico [by the Editor' ; Churcfa <>i ss. Bergfui and I :istan-
tinople, the Forerunner of St. Sophia [from measured Drawings and
Sketches by Mr. A. E. Henderson, with Plans, Section and K»<jf Plan.
Perspective Sections, Photographic Illustrations of Dotafl. al** various
Details and Description in Text l ; also the Commencement of a -
of Articles (Student's Column! on 'Mathematical Methodn and Data
for Architects.' with other interesting matter. Iioth literary and
artistic— From Office as above \4d. ; by post, 4>i. '. or through any
Newsagent.
c
J 1ST PIBLISHKI).
Royal 8vo, art linen, price 7*. bd. net.
OLLECTANEA XAPOLEONICA.
Beinp; a Catalogue of the Collection of Autographs,
Historical Documents, Broadsides, Caricatures, Drawings,
Maps, Music, Portraits, Naval and Military Costume-
Plates, Battle Scenes, Views. Ac, relating to Napoleon I.
and his 'limes (1769-1821), formed by A. M. Broadley, of the-
Knapp, Bradpole, Dorsetshire.
Compiled by WALTER V. DANIELL.
Together with an Explanatory Preface and Note by
A. M. Broadley, and a Catalogue of his Napoleonic-
Library.
Illustrated with a hitherto Unpublished Portrait of
Napoleon by Detaille, from a Picture in the possession of
1 Sir George White, Bart., and several Reproductions of rare
Originals by permission of the Proprietors of the Kin/j.
W. V. DANIELL, 53, Mortimer Street, W.
M
Modern Publications and Remainders.
ESSRS. HODfiSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms. 115, Chancery Lane. AV.l'.. on
WEDNESDAY. January l", at i o'clock, MODERN rooks and
REMAINDERS, including an extensive Stock of the Popular Publi-
cations of Charles Knight, Orr & Co., Ackermann, Tilt & Bogue,
Ingrain, and others, comprising Illustrated Editions of Standard
Poets and Novelists — Juvenile Books with coloured illustrations,
&c, chiefly in cloth Kilt bindings— Also 50 Wallis Budge's Contendings
of the Apostles. Ethiopic Text, with Translation. '2 vols. — 127E:irU-s
Two Centuries of Costume in America, 2 vols. — 89 t'reswicke's South
Africa and the Transvaal War, 8 vols, in 3, half-morocco — several
thousand volumes of the Dome — Novels hy Popular Modern
Authors, &c.
Catalogues are preparing.
SHAKESPEARE AXDTHE SUPERNATURAL.
A Brief Study of Folk-Lore. Superstition, and Witchcraft. By
MARGARET I, IVY. With a Bibliography hy W. JAGOAKD !
art linen. 2s. net ; post free. SB. '2d.
"What B vast field is opened ap." — Leamington Courier. " This is
indeed valuable. "— W'xtmi Press. "Shows keen research. "—Carlisle
Journal. "A valuable bibliography. ™ — heeds M.rcury. "Careful.
deeply thought out, and valuable." — Stratford Herald.
SHAKESPEARE PRESS. Moorfields. Liverpool.
TUNBRIDUE WELLS.— APARTMENTS.
Comfortably Furnished Sitting-Room and One Bedroom.
Pleasant and central No others taken.— R. H.. 66. Grove Hill Koad,
Tunbridge Wells.
JUST PUBLISHED, 8vo, in paper covers, is. <kl. net ; cloth, 3s. 6rf. net.
FISCAL REFORM:
SPEECHES delivered by the Right Hon. ARTHUR JAMES BALFOUR, MP.
FROM JUNE, 1880, TO DECEMBER, 1905.
WITH A PREFACE.
Together with a Reprint of the Pamphlet
' ECONOMIC NOTES ON INSULAR FREE TRADE.'
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO. 39, Paternoster Row. London, E.C.
THE CO-OPERATIVE TYPEWRITERS, Ltd.
(Co-Partnership Society),
HAVE, OWING TO L.C.C. IMPROVEMENTS, REMOVED TO
CECIL HOUSE, 116, HIGH H0LB0RN, W.C.
(Over Messrs. Lilley A Skinner's), Two Minutes' Walk from their former Addr. —
SHORTHAND, TYPING, DUPLICATING, TRANSLATING, TRACING, &c.
A LIMITED NUMBER OF PUPILS TAKEN.
"A Living Wage" is paid. Little overtime is worked. No work is given out.
The Offices ate well lighted and healthy. MSS. are kept in a fireproof safe. The Staff is an efficient one.
N°4080, Jan. 6, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
MUDIE'S LIBRARY.
FOUNDED 1842.
For the CIRCULATION and SALE of the BEST BOOKS
in ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, RUSSIAN, ITALIAN,
SPANISH, DUTCH, and SCANDINAVIAN.
The Collection comprises the Best Standard
Works published during the past Sixty Years.
Subscriptions opened from any date.
TERMS PER ANNUM.
Volumes in the Country ; or,
8
6
4
3
1
1
Volumes Delivered free in LONDON
and Nearer Suburbs
Volumes in the Country ; or,
Volumes Delivered free in LONDON
and Nearer Suburbs
£3 3 0
£2 2 0
Volume, Exchanged
Library Counter
Daily
at the|£1 X 0
Volume (for Books of Past Seasons)
}10s. 6d.
Half - Yearly, Quarterly, and Monthly
Subscriptions can also be entered.
PARCEL POST DEPARTMENT for SUBSCRIBERS
residing at a DISTANCE from any RAILWAY STATION.
Terms on application.
ALL BOOKS are offered SECOND-HAND as soon as the
•demand in the LIBRARY will permit.
A CATALOGUE of SECOND-HAND BOOKS and
REMAINDERS (100 pp.) sent GRATIS and POST FREE
•on APPLICATION.
MUDIE'S SELECT LIBRARY, Limited,
30-34, NEW OXFORD STREET, W.G.
241, BROMPTON ROAD, S.YV.
48, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.
THE BOOK-LOVER'S
MAGAZINE.
(BOOKS AND BOOK-PLATES.)
VOL. VI. PART I.
Contents.
THE SIGNET LIBRARY, EDINBURGH. By
W. K. Dickson. With Illustrations.
NOTES FOR A WHISTLER BIBLIOGRAPHY.
By T. R. Way and G. R. Dennis.
CHARLES ASSKLINEAU. By Col. W. F.
Prideaux, C.S.I. With Illustrations.
THE GREAT LATIN PSALTER OF FUST
AND SCHOEFFKR, 1459. With Illus-
trations.
TAIL-PIECE FROM 'ROBIN HOOD.' By
Harold Nelson.
A THEORY OF BOOK-PRICES. By Alfred W.
Pollard.
BOOK-PLATES. By David H. Becket.
COLOURED BOOK-PLATE. By M. L. A.
( Hrardot.
BOOK-PLATE. By A. de Riquer.
MR. WHISTLER'S NAMES, ADDRESSES,
AND BIRTHPLACES. By S. 1). Shallard.
REVIEWS.
Subscription price for Volumes of Six Parts,
18s., or 20s. sent post free.
Single Numbers, 3.s. (.)d. post free.
OTTO SCHULZE & CO.
2<i, South Frederick Street, Edinburgh.
SELECT LIST OF
BOOKS ON GARDENING
TO BE OBTAINED AT THE
'GARDENERS' CHRONICLE' OFFICE from H. G. COVE, Publisher.
Prices Quoted are in all cases Post Free.
ALPINE FLORA : for Tourists and
Amateur Botanists. By Dr. JULIUS HOFFMAN.
Translated by E. S. BARTON (Mrs. A. GEPP). With
40 Plates, containing 250 Coloured Figures from Water-
Colour Sketches by HERMANN FRIESE. 8vo, 7s. lOd.
ALPINE FLOWERS FOR GAR-
DENS. By W. ROBINSON. Revised Edition. With
Illustrations. 8vo, 10s. lid.
ALPINE PLANTS. A Practical
Method for Growing the rarer and more difficult
Alpine Flowers. By W. A. CLARK, F.R.H.S. With
Illustrations. In cloth, 3s. Qd.
APPLE, THE BOOK OF THE. By
H. H. THOMAS, Assistant Editor of the Garden, late
of the Royal Gardens, Windsor. Together with Chapters
by HARRY ROBERTS on the History and Cooking of
the Apple and the Preparation of Cider. Illustrated.
Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 9rf.
BAMBOO GARDEN, THE. By
LORD REDESDALE. Illustrated by ALFRED
PARSONS, svo, 10s. lOd.
BEGONIA CULTURE FOR
AMATEURS AND PROFESSIONALS. Containing
Full Directions for the Successful Cultivation of the
Begonia, under Glass and in the Open Air. By B. C.
RAVENSCROFT. New Edition, Revised and Enlarged.
Illustrated. In paper, Is. 2d,
BOTANY, A MANUAL OF AGRI-
CULTURAL. By JOHN W. PATERSON. From the
German of Dr. A. B. FRANK, Professor in the Royal
Agricultural College, Berlin. With over 100 Illustra-
tions. Crown Svo, 3s. 9d.
BOTANY, A TEXT-BOOK OF.
By Dr. E. STRASBURGER. Translated by H. C.
PORTER, Ph.D. Revised. Fifth Edition. 686 Illus-
trations. 18s. 5rf.
BOTANY, A YEARS. Adapted to
Home and School Use. By FRANCES A. KITCHEN ER.
With 105 Illustrations. Crown Svo, 5s. 3d.
BOTANY, ELEMENTARY. By Percy
GROOM, M.A. 3s. lOd.
BOTANY, STRUCTURAL. By D. H.
SCOTT, M-.A. 2 vols.
Part I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 3s. 1W.
Part II. FLOWERLESS PLANTS. 3s. 11,/.
BOTANY, THE TREASURY OF.
Edited by J. LINDLEV, M.D. F.R.S., and T. MOORE,
F.L.S. with 20 steel Plates and numerous 'Woodcuts.
Two Parts. Fcap. Svo, 12*. 5d.
BULB CULTURE. By W. D. Drury.
Is. id.
CACTUS CULTURE FOR
AMATEURS: being Descriptions of the various Cac-
tuses grown in this Country. By W. WATSON, Curator
of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. New Edition.
Profusely illustrated. In cloth gilt, 6k id.
CARNATION MANUAL. Edited by
the National Carnation and Picotee Society. Articles
contributed by Specialists. In clotb boards, 3s. to./.
ENGLAND'S NATIONAL
FLOWER. A Book upon Roses for all Garden Lovers.
Bj GEORGE BUNYARD. Oblong it", i r; in. by
7^ in., 82 pp. and plates, Ss. LOd.
ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN,
THE. An Illustrated Dictionary of all the Plants
Used, and Directions for their Culture and Arrange-
ment. By W. ROBINSON. With numerous Illustra-
tions. Medium Svo, 15s. (id. Also 2 vols, half-morocco,
24s. ~d. ; 1 vol. half-morocco, 21s. 7d.
FERNS, THE BOOK OF BRITISH.
By C. T. DRUERY. Beautifully illustrated. 3s. 9tf.
FLORA, A SCHOOL. For the Use
of Elementary Botanical Classes. By W. MARSHALL
WAITS, D.Sc.Lond. Crown Svo, 2s. 8Jrf.
FLORA, BRITISH, HANDBOOK OF
THE. BvGKO. BKNTHAM. Revised by Sir JOSEPH
HOOKER. Seventh Edition. 9s. id.
FLORA, BRITISH, ILLUSTRA-
TIONS OF THE. By W. H. FITCH and W. G. SMITH.
1,315 Wood Engravings. Revised and Enlarged. 9s. 3d .
FORCING BOOK, THE. By Prof.
L. H. BAILEY. Globe 8vo, is. 4.1.
FORESTRY, A MANUAL OF.
WM. SCHLICH, Ph.D. CLE.
Vol. L THE UTILITY OF FORKSTS, VXD FUNDA-
MENTAL PRINCIPLES OF SYLVICUL-
TUR K. I >emy Svo, cloth, 6s. 3d.
„ II. THE FORMATION AND TENDING OF
WOODS ; or, Practical Sylviculture. Illus-
trated. 7S. 4d.
„ III. FOREST MANAGEMENT. Illustrated. 8s. 4./.
„ IV. FOREST PROTECTION. By W. R. Fishi:k,
B.A. With 259 Illustrations. 9s. id.
V. FOREST UTILIZATION. By W. R. Fisiikk,
B.A. With 343 Illustrations. 12s. id.
FORESTRY, ENGLISH ESTATE.
P.v A. ('. FORBES. Copiously illustrated. 38 pages
12s. lOd.
FORESTRY, WEBSTER'S
PRACTICAL. Fourth and Enlarged Edition. Demy
Svo, illustrated, cloth gilt, 5s. id.
FRUIT CULTURE FOR
LMATEURS. An Illustrated Practical Handbook on
the Growing of Fruits in the Open and under Glass. By
s. T. WRIGHT. With chapters on Insect and oiler
Fruit Pests by W. D. DRl'RY. Second Edition. Illus-
trated. In cloth gilt, 3s. LOd.
FRUIT GARDEN, THE. By George
BUNYARD and OWEN THOMAS.
lis. M.
Svo, buckram,
FRUIT GROWING, THE
PRINCIPLES OF. By Prof. L. H. BAILEY. Globe
Bvo, 6s. id.
FRUIT TREES IN POTS- By Josh
BRACE, Twentj two years Foreman for Thos. Rivers
a Son. Illustrated. Large crown 8vo, pos
6s. 3d.
FRUIT TREES, THE SCIENTIFIC
\\ ii PROFITABLE CULTURE OF. I
French of M. IT BREUIL. Fifth Edition, carefully
Revised bj GEORG I GL1 NNY. With L8J W
Complete 16-page Catalogue sent post free on application to
II. G. COVE, 41, Wellington Street, Oovenl Garden, London, W.C.
T II i: AT II EN .i:i M
N ihmi. Jan. 6, L906
ROUTLEDGE'S JANUARY LIST.
NEW UNIVERSAL LIBRARY. THE MUSES' LIBRARY.
Is. net.
1. .11 1 1.. 1 h exl 1... lull gill 1. irk, Li net :
<.li iiibskin gilt, gilt topa, silk register, 2». net
Printed from accurate Texts, entirelj Unabridged, and
where necessar) Annotated and Indexed.
\n \ \i\ \\ 1.11 1 in v \i\ 1 COLUMBA.
AMHJM N I \\n\ I \l .1 IS
\i:\o|.ii 1 \i uhew) ON TRANSLATING HOMER.
\\ ii ii I- \\ n 1 w man's • Homeric translation in rheorj
and r ind Arnold's ' Last Word*.'
BAt n\ \<i\ I VI ORG \M II.
BARH \ M I in LNGOLDSB1 LEGENDS.
BATES. NATUB \l.l-l ON 1 HE \.\l AZiiXs.
BRIMLEY. ESSAYS. Edited b) \V. G. CLARK, M.A.
BROW N. HOB \ 1 SI BSECI\ \l.. Series I.
BROM S LNG (Robert). POEMS.
Bl v1! \N. THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS.
BURKE. THOUGHTS ON THE PRESENT DIS-
CONTENTS.
CARLYLE. HEROES IND HERO WORSHIP.
SARTOR RES Mill's.
COLERIDGE. Ul>^ TO REFLECTION. Edited by
Tllovi \- PEXBl . M.A.
DARWIN. VOl M3E OF A NATURALIST.
DE QUINI I v ENGLISH OPIUM-EATER
EMERSON. ESSAYS.
PHASER (Sir William). WORDS ON WELLINGTON.
FROUDE DISSOLUTION OF THE MONASTERIES, Ac.
(. \vKKI.I. (Mrs.). LIFE OF CHARLOTTE BRONTE
SYLVIA'S LOVERS.
CRANFORD.
(. \ I I >. PAR LBLES PROM NATURE.
GOLDSMITH. CITIZEN OF THE WORLD.
GRIMM.- FAIRY TALES.
HARE. GUESSES AT TRUTH.
II LRRIS. UNCLE REMUS.
NIGHTS WITH UNCLE REMUS.
HARTE (Bret).— THE LUCK OF ROARING CAMP.
II LWTHORNE. THE SCARLET LETTER.
HOLMES. AUTOCRAT OF THE BREAKFAST TABLE.
POET AT THE BREAKFAST TABLE.
PROFESSOR AT THE BREAKFAST TABLE.
ELSIE VENNER
HUGHES. TOM BROWN'S SCHOOL DAYS.
TOM BROWN AT OXFORD.
VICTOB HUGO. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE.
JEFFREY. ESSAYS FROM 'THE EDINBURGH
REVIEW.' I. English Poets and Poetry.
JOHNSON RASSELAS.
A KEMPIS. IMITATION OF CHRIST. Translated by
Canon Bexh \m.
KINGLAKE. EOTHEN.
1. 1MB. ESS \Ys OF ELLA.
LANDOR I.M\i;i\AKV CONVERSATIONS. L Clas-
sical Dialogues.
LEOPARDL DIALOGUES. rranslated by the late
James Thomson, and Edited i>\ Bertram Dobell
LESSING. LAOCOON. Translated, with Preface and
Notes, i'\ the late sir Robert Phlllimore, Burt
LOWELL MV STUDY windows.
macaulay. literary essa1 s.
maim;, lncient law.
marryat. the king's own.
.mil. i.. dissertations and discussions i
k epb i'.skn iati v e gov kk.nm ent.
on liberty.
ii ii. i i vrianism.
MORRIS (Sir Lewis). Poems. Authorized Selection.
PALGRAVE. THE GOLDEN TREASURY OF SONGS
AND LYRICS. With Notes and Index of First Lines.
PEACOCK. NOVELS. 2 vols.
POE. I LLES OF MYSTERY AND LMAGINATION.
READE (Charles). HACK CASH.
sll VKESPEARE. WORKS. In 6 vols.
SMITH (Alex.). DREAMTHORP: Countrj Essays.
SPECTATOR 1 I In). Edited bj G. A. Aitken. 6 vols.
Vols. I III.
SWIFT. JOURNAL TO STELLA.
SYBEL. HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF THE
CRUS \Di:s.
TENN1 SON. POEMS.
TRELAWNY. RECORDS OF SHELLEY, BYRON LND
THE IUTHOR
TYN h \l I. I Hi: GLACIERS OF l HE \Llvs
WOOD (Mrs. Henn 1. THE CHANNINGH
EAST LYNNE.
READY SHORTLY.
iX'lv FABLES. Translated by G. F. Townsend.
kRISTOTLE. KTHK v. Translated.
BACON ESSAYS,
BULFINl II. 1 III. VGE OF FABLE
LANDOR DIALOGUES OF SOVEREIGNS \M>
ST ITESMEN.
REYNOLDS (Sir J.). DISCOURSES ON IRT
STERNE. \ SENTIMENTAL JOURNEY
WHITMAN. SPECIMEN DAYS IN LMERICA.
Wlivii; MELVILLE- THE GLADIATORS
Pot) Sto, blue< loth extra, full gilt back, L». net
Blue lambakin gilt, gilt tope, (ilk regl net
BLAKE Edited bj W . B \\ in
BROWNE, OF TAVISTOCK. Edited bj GORDON GOOD-
« IN. 2 Mils.
BROWNING d'.i POETICAL WORKS. Introduction
by 0-1 ir Brow \ino.
C \i:i:w. Edited bj A. \ iN< ENT,
COLER1 DOE. Edited by RjchaRD GaRNETT, C.B.
CRASHAW. introduction bj Canon BEECHING. K
bj .1. R. Ti tin.
DONNE, introduction by Prof. George Saintsbury.
Notes l>\ K. K. «'n \mi.i. it-. 2 rols.
DRUMMOND, OF HAWTHORNDEN. Edited bj w. r.
W u;i>. 2 TOlS.
GAY. Edited i>\ .1. Underbill. 2 vols.
GOLDEN TREASURY OF AMERICAN BONGS AND
LYRICS. Edited i>\ F. L Knowles.
HERRICK. introduction by A. C. SWINBURNE. Notes
bj a. Pollard. •-' vols.
LNGELOW (JEAN). POEMS.
JOHNSON, GOLDSMITH, GRAY, AND COLLINS.
introduction and Notes by Col. T. Mbthi kn Ward.
KEATS, introduction by Robert Bridges. NoKeebyG.
Thorn Drury. 2 vols.
MARVELL.— POEMS. 1 vol. SATIRES. 1 vol. Edited
by <;. a. Aitken.
MORRIS (Sir L.).— POETICAL WORKS. Authorized
Selection.
PALGRAVE(F. T.). THE GOLDEN TREASURY.
I 'A I'M old'. (Coventry). Introduction bj ALICE MEYNELL.
POE. POETICAL works. With Biographical Sketch.
PROCTER (Adelaide). LEGENDS AND LYRICS.
ROSSETTI (D. G.).— THE EARLY ITALIAN POETS.
TENNYSON.- POETICAL WORKS, 1830-1863.
VAUGHAN. introduction by Canon Beeching. Notes
by E. K. Chambers. 1 vols.
WALLER Edited by G. Thorn Drury. 2 vols.
READY SHORTLY.
ARNOLD (Matthew).— POEMS. Introduction l>v Laurie
M \'.m S, M.A. 2 vols.
CBLATTERTON. Edited by H. D. ROBERTS. 2vols.
CLOUGH.— POETICAL WORKS. Memoir by F. T. PAL-
GRAVE
LYRA GERMANICA. Translated by C. WiNKWORTH.
THOMSON. Introduction l.y E. W. GOSSE
THE ENGLISH LIBRARY.
Fcap. 8vo, blue cloth gilt, gilt tops, each 2». *«!.
THE FOLK AND THEIR WORD-LORE: an Essay on
Popular Etymologies. By Rev. Dr. A.Smythe Palmer.
ON THE STUDY OF WORDS. By Archbishop R. C.
Trench. Edited, with Additions, Emendations, and
index, by Dr. A. Smythe Palmer.
ENGLLSH, PAST AND PRESENT. By Archbishop R. C.
Trench. Edited by Dr. A. Smythe Palmer.
PROVERBS AND THEIR LESSONS. By Archbishop
R. c. Trench. With Notes, Bibliography, and Index,
by Dr. A. Smythe Palmer.
THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PUNCTUA-
TION. By T. F. ID sham), M.A.
now TO READ ENGLISH LITERATURE: CHAUCER
TO milton. Bj Lai me m minus, m.a.
LIBRARY OF EARLY
NOVELISTS.
Edited by E. A. BAKER M.A.
With Introductions, Ac Large crown 8vo, dark blue
buckram gilt, ^ilt top, each 6s. net.
LIFE AND OPINIONS OF JOHN BUNCLE, ESQUIRE.
By Thomas Amori ("The English Rabelais ). (No
Edition of this Book has been printed since
474 pp.
U)VENTURES OF DON SYLVIO DE ROSALVA. B3
C. M. WlELAND. 4sli pp.
nil'. HEPTAMERON OF THE QUEEN OFNAVARRE.
Translated by Arthur Machbn. The Complete Text,
with Verse Translations of the Verses. 4 10 pp.
BOCCACCIO'S DECAMERON. The Complete Text:
Translated bj .1. M. Rigg, m.a. with .1. Addington
Symond'S Essay on Boccaccio' as an Introduction.
800 pp.
NOVELS AND NOVELETTES. ('Oroonoko,' 'The Fair
Jilt,' ' Agnes de Castro,' Ac.) l>\ Mrs. Aphr \ I'.i.n v
(.i.si a ROMANORUM : E rtaining Stories invented bj
the Monks as a Fireside Recreation, whence the most
celebrated of our own Poets and others have extracted
their Plots. Translated, with introduction and Notes,
l.\ Rev. Cll vRLES s\\ \x.
THE FOOL OF QUALITY. Bj Henri Brooke, with
KlNGSLBV'S Introduction, and a Comprehensive Life of
the Author, based lew materials provided hv I lie
family, bj E. A. Bakj k, m \. [Shortly.
NO WRITER OR READER IN THE NEW
YEAR CAN DO WITHOUT
THE LITERARY
YEAR-BOOK.
TENTH ANNUAL IS3UE, 1906.
Crown Bvo, red and blue sprinkled
Did pages, cloth extra, gilt, 5s. net
PRESS OPINIONS.
" Is likely to become an indispensable l«>ok oi
reference ii it maintains its advance in aootu
and matter- , a real moment to the journalist and
man of letters.'' Atht nceum.
"The present issue i-. we should think, one of
the most nsetul that has yet appeared."
Weetminstei '
"Comes with numerous additions and improve-
ments Should find a place on the hand
shelves of every one connected with the book
world." — Daily Graphic.
" Very much improved It would be difficult
indeed to think of any needful information which
the book does not contain." — Academy.
"Has acquired during its ten years a worthy
reputation tor usefulness and accuracy I'-
constant improvement from year to year shows
libera] enterprise and good editorship." G
"The new issue may lie said to lie the best that
has yet appeared." — Public Opinion.
"Is showing signs of becoming a much in
useful work than ever This annual is one *t hat
appeals not only to authors of Looks and write;
articles, hut to those who merely interest them-
selves in literature.'" — Field.
"More than maintains its reputation as a guide
and help for bookmen and bookish men."
s otetnan,
"Simply an invaluable volume.''
CHIEF CONTENTS.
Part I. i red edges).
PREFACE, 1905— CALENDAR, 1908.
AUTHORS' DIRECTORY.
AGENTS; TYPISTS: PRESS-CUTTERS.
SUPPLEMENT: Catalogue Raisonne of
Twentieth -Century Literature.
Part II. (blue edges*.
LAW AND LETTERS
(Copyright : Author, Publisher, and Agent ; &c.).
ROYALTIES.
PUBLISHERS1 AND BOOKSELLERS'
DIRECTORIES
PERIODICAL PUBLICATIONS; CON-
TRIBUTORS' GUIDE.
SOCIETIES; LIBRARIES
BOOK-PRODUCTION.
TECHNICAL TERMS, I
The information is complel l ruber 5, 19
and careful account is taken of the Trade (lie
during the year, and of all matters of interest to»
Liteiarv Men and Women.
OF ALL BOOKSELLERS,
.V. net : post-free. .">*. 4'/.
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, Limited, Broadway House, London.
N°4080, Jan. 6, 1906
THE ATHENJEUM
SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., LTD.
FOURTH ANNUAL ISSUE, 1906.
THE SCHOOLMASTERS' YEAR BOOK.
6s. net.
'A FEW SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE FOURTH ISSUE.
REVIEW OF THE YEAR. DIRECTORY OF SECONDARY SCHOOLMASTERS. FULL INFORMATION OF EDUCATION COMMITTEES.
LIST OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS. MANY REVIEWS OF EDUCATIONAL BOOKS OF THE YEAR.
SEVENTEENTH YEAR OF ISSUE.
THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS YEAR BOOK.
Owing to unavoidable delay the above will not be read}- for publication until the end of January. It will be greatly Enlarged, and will contain an
important Article on
MILITARY EFFICIENCY IN PUBLIC AND PREPARATORY SCHOOLS.
With an Introductory Letter from Field-Marshal EARL ROBERTS, V.C. K.G., &c.
Revised General List of Preparatory Schools Rearranged in Geographical Order, and the following Special Articles : —
. 'HOW TO BECOME A BARRISTER,' and 'HOW TO ENTER HOLY ORDERS.'
2s. 6d. net ; post free, 2s. lOd.
THE OXFORD YEAR BOOK AND DIRECTORY.
Crown 8vo, 5s. net. [Ready shortly.
THE CAMBRIDGE YEAR BOOK AND DIREC-
TORY. Crown 8vo, 5s. net. [Read;/ shortly.
NEW AND THOROUGHLY REVISED EDITION OF
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF OR-
GANIC CHEMISTRY. A Theoretical and Practical Text-Book for Students in the
Universities and Technical Schools. By JOHN WADE, D.Sc.(Lond.), Lecturer on
Chemistry at Guy's Hospital, University of London. Crown 8vo, 8s. Gd. net.
SECOND EDITION SHORTLY OF THE NEW AND IMPORTANT WORK
BY GEO. W. STOW, F.G.S. F.R.G.S.
THE NATIVE RACES OF SOUTH AFRICA.
Edited by GEO. McCALL THEAL, Litt.O. LL.D. Royal 8vo, with numerous [llus-
trations, •21*. net.
"The book i.s of uncommon interest to students of ethnology." — Standard.
"Of singular interest for all anthropologists and folk-lorists. The many illustrations
add greatly to the usefulness of the book."— Antiquary.
"The work is df great value." — Athenceum.
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY. From
1750 to the Present Day. Containing Short Lives of more than 2,000 Eminent Persons
—European and Native— connected with India. By ('. I'.. BUCKLAND, ('.I.E.
Small demy Mo, 7s. >'»l.
CYCLOPEDIA OF EDUCATION. A Handbook
of Reference' on all Subjects connected with Education (its History ami Practice),
comprising Articles by Eminent Specialists. A Nr» Edition, thoroughly Revised
and brought up to date. ByM. E.JOHN. Z». Qd. net! [Ready shortly.
TEKEL : a Study of Educational Problems of
■ the Day. By FRANK .1. A DK I NS, M. A. Crown 8vo, 3*. 6d.
"Thelbook will be found well worthy of perusal by tin- special class for whom il is
Intended." Scotsman.
" Contains much useful matter." Speaker.
PRACTICAL HOUSEWIFERY. By C. F.
PICTON-OADSDEN, Domestic Economy Teacher L.C.C. Schools. Crown 8vo,<
THE PRINCIPLES OF PHYSIOLOGICAL
PSYCHOLOGY. Bj Prof. W. WUNDT. A Translation of the Fifth and wholly
ritten (1902-3) German Edition by Prof. E. B. OTCHENER, M.A. in 3 vols
Vol. I. with i.ii; Illustrations. Demj 8vo, its.
THE PARALLEL GRAMMAR SERIES. Edited
by i; \ SONNENSCHEIN, D.l.in.(i\..n. Compri miliars and Bead
Latin Greek) French, German, English, Spanish, and Welsh.
NEW YOLUME OF THE BIJOU SERIES.
BROWNING'S SAUL, AND OTHER POEMS.
By SUSAN CUNNINGTON, Author of ' The Story of Arithmetic.'
" Devout students of Browning may find some welcome assistance in this little bunk
The commentator i.s always appreciative." — Scotsman.
" No better booklet could be put into the hands of a loverof versified wisdom, who is at
the same time desirous of obtaining an introduction to Browning's message to the world."
Dundee Courier.
NEW YOLUME OF THE NEW CAMPAIGN SERIES.
NOW BEADY.
THE RUSS0- TURKISH CAMPAIGN, 1877.
By Major F. MAURICE, P.S.C. (the Sherwood Foresters). Crown 8vo, 5«. net.
OTHER VOLUMES.
FROM SAARBRUCK TO PARIS. By Lieut.-Col.
sissox- PRATT. Crown 8vo, 5s. net.
THE FREDERICKSBURGH CAMPAIGN,
1861-1864. ByMajorG. W. BEDWAY. Crown 8vo, 5s. net. [Ready shortly.
A DICTIONARY OF BATTLES. By T. B.
HARBOTTLE, Author of 'Dictionary of Quotations' (Classical), 'Dictionary of
Historical Allusions,' &C. Small demy 8vo, 7s. Qd.
NEW AND REVISED EDITION OF
A CYCLOPEDIA OF COMMON THINGS. By
Sir GEORGE COX. Demy8vo, 2s. 6d. net.
NEW NOVELS.
THE TEMPTATION OF PHILIP CARR. By
M SlY WYNNE, Author of 'For Faith and Navarre,' 'Ronald Lindsay,' 8k, Crown
Mil, I'.X.
A SON OF ASHUR. By Capt. Willoughby
BEDDOES, K.X., Author of "Under One Flag," 'A Goddeaa from the Sea,' Ac.
Crown Mo, 3s. Sd.
THE STORY OF STELLA. By S. B. McLean.
Crown mii, 0a,
BENDISH. By William St. Clair (the late
WILLIAM FORD, C.S.I.), Author of ' Prince Bauer and his Wives.' Crown 8i
OAK FARM. By Georgie Martin. Crown 8vo,
8c, 6d
i ii.' borj runs dram ndthewritei gives promise of being heard of again in
this line of ti't ion." /'
"To J force in the telling which renders it pleasant diversion for a
few hours." Dundee <
"Thestorj is an excellent one, and well told." Southport Visitor.
SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., Limited, 25, High Street, Bloomsbury, W.C.
tii E at ii EN .i:r M
N t080, Jan. 6. IWiG
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NEW HOOKS.
.voir READY.
LORD RANDOLPH
CHURCHILL.
I.V
WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL, M.P.
\\ iiii Portraits, in 2 vola demj Svo, 88*. net,
PRE-RAPHAELITISM AND
THE PRE-RAPHAELITE
BROTHERHOOD.
By W. HOLM AN BUNT, O.M. D.C.L.
With 4(i Photogravure Plates, and oilier Illustrations.
In 2 vols. 8vo, 4l'.--. net.
NEW EDITION, WITH NOTES BY
THE AUTHOR.
IN MEMORIAM.
By ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON.
Edited by 11ALLAM, LORD TENNYSON.
Fcap. Svo, 5s. net.
ESSAYS ON ECONOMICS.
By H. STANLEY JEVONS, M.A. B.Sc. P.G.S.
Crown 8vo, 5*. net.
THE PROBLEMS
OF PHILOSOPHY.
By HARALI) HOFFDING.
Globe Bvo, 5«. net.
JESUS CHRIST AND THE
CHRISTIAN CHARACTER.
By Prof. FRANCIS GREENWOOD PEABODY.
Crown Mo, (i.v. cd. net.
MACMILLAN'S NEW NOVEL8.
( Vnwn 8vo, 6*. each.
KIPPS.
SOPRANO.
By F. M. CRAWFORD.
THE HOUSE OF MIRTH.
I5y EDITH WHARTON.
YOLANDA.
By CHARLES MAJOR.
HEART'S DESIRE.
By EMERSON HOUGH.
By H. G. WELLS.
REDUCED TO 6d. NET.
TEMPLE BAR.
Leading Contents for ./.I AT. 1 1!) .
VLADIMIR EOROLENKO. By G. II. Perria
THE LAST BAY. Bj Korolenko. Translated by Mrs.
David Soskice.
ska so.\(;s. By John Masefleld.
iiii AMATEUR EMIGRANTS. By Thomas Cobb,
Chaps. I. and II.
MACMILLAN & CO., LIMITED, London.
HURST & BLACKETTS T. FISHER UNWIN,
L I S T.
A NEW AND IMPORTANT BOOK BY
MISS MEAKIN.
In I vol. demy 8vo, with Qliutrationa, prioe 16*. net,
RUSSIA,
Travels and Studies.
By ANNETTE M. B. MEAKIN,
Author of ' A Ribbon oi Iron,' k<-.
"The book gives a mewl interesting aooounl oi
the suooess oi German subjects of t lie Czar settled
in Russia proper among less progressive neigh-
bours." Pall Mali Gazette.
"Miss Miakin has produced a most readable
and informative booh on Russia. The Russia she
describes is the normal Russia, not the Russia oi
war and revolution." Scotsman.
WITH TOGO ON HIS FLAGSHIP.
A Record of Seven Months' Active Service
under i he Great Admiral. By SEPPLNGS
WRIGHT. With numerous Illustrations taken
on the spot, including the Flagship. In 1 vol.
demy Svo, Ills-. Qd. net. [Fourth Impression.
THE VOICE OF THE SOUTH. By
GILBERT WATSON. Author of 'Three
Rolling Stones in Japan.' Illustrated with
Drawings by H. J. ENGEL TERZL Demy
8vo, 10*. Q(L net.
TROUBLE IN THE BALKANS.
By JOHN L. C. BOOTH, Special Corre-
spondent to the Graphic in Macedonia in
1904. With numerous Illustrations from
Sketches by the Author, and 4 Coloured
Pictures. Demy Svo, 10*. Qd. net.
IN REMOTEST BAROTSELAND.
From the Victoria Falls to the Source of the
Zambesi. By Col. COLIN HARDING,
C.M.G., Acting Administrator of Barotseland.
In 1 vol. demy 8vo, with numerous Illus-
trations from Photographs taken on the
journey, 10*. dd. net.
FROM TOKYO TO TIFLIS.
Uncensored Letters from the War. By F. A.
McKENZIE, Special Correspondent of the
Daily Mail. In 1 vol. demy Svo, with Illus-
trations, Is. 6d. net.
ZANZIBAR IN CONTEMPORARY
TIMES. By P. N. LYNE. In 1 vol. demy
Svo, with numerous Illustrations, 7*. Qd. net.
LHASA, Second Edition, by Percival
LANDON, is Now Ready. In 2 vols, with all
the Original Illustrations, and the New Official
Survey of Lhasa and Neighbourhood, 21. 2s. net.
NEW NOVELS.
FOR RICHER, FOR POORER. By
EDITH II. FOWLER, Author of 'The World and
Winstow,' <fcc. l vol. (i.v. Third Edition.
FORTUNE'S CAP. By Mary E. Mann,
Author of 'Olivia's Summer,' &C. l vol. (xv.
THE FATAL RING. By Dick
DONOVAN, Author of 'The Scarlet Seal,' &c l vol
6s. net.
A PLATONIC FRIENDSHIP. By
ADA CAMBRIDGE, Author of 'The Devastators," Ac.
1 vol. 6*.
MISTRESS OF THE ROBES. By
SYDNEY 11. BURCHELL, Author of 'My Lady of the
Bass,' &c. 1 VOL 6*.
THE SECRET OF THE LEBOMBO.
By BERTRAM MTTFORD, Author of 'Dorrien of
Cranston,' Ac. 1 vol 6*.
THE SHOWMAN. By the Author of
'The views of Christopher,' &c, l vol. 6*.
A LONELY FIGHT. By Alice M.
DIEHL, Author of 'Hread upon the Waters,' &C
1 vol. 6s.
BURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holbo'rn, W.G
1, ADELPHI TERRACE, W.C.
SPORT AND TRAVEL:
Ai>\ ssjiua and British East Africa. Bj LORD
HINDU P. P.B '■ - F.Z.& With Maps sad
iuor<» than To 111 . Demy Bvo, -1-.
net.
RECREATIONS OF A
NATURALIST. By J. E. HARTTNG,
Author of • Eandbook of British Birds,'
'Extinct Britiab Animals." 'Bamblea in Bt
of Shells.' tc. With numerous Illustrations.
1 lemv Svo, 158. net.
HAECKEL: his Life and Work.
By WILHKLM BOLSCHE. With an Intro-
duction and a Supplementary Chapter by the
Translator, .JOSEPH McCABE With a
Coloure<l Frontispiece and 12 other Illus-
tration*. Demv Svo, 158. net.
THE MEMOIRS OF DR.
THOMAS W. EVANS. Recollections of the
Second French Empire. Edited by ED-
WARD A. (HANK. M.D. Illustrated. 2 vols,
demy 8vo, 21*. net.
SIR HENRY IRVING: a
Biography. By PERCY FITZt.ERALD,
Author of 'Life of David Oarrick.' 'Life of
Sterne,' &c. With a Photogravure Frontis-
piece and many other Illustrations. Demy
8vo, 10a, Qd. net.
THE HISTORY OF CO-
OPERATION : its Literature and its Advo-
cates. By G. J. HOLYOAKE. Author of
' Bygones Worth Remembering,' &c. Illus-
trated. 2 vols, demy Svo, 21& net.
THE CITY: the Hope of
Democracy. By FREDERIC C. HOWE.
■ Demy Svo, 7*. 6a. net.
THE MOTORIST'S A.B.C. : a
Practical Handbook for the Use of Owners,
Operators, and Automobile Mechanics. Bv L.
ELLIOTT BROOKES. With more than 100*
Illustrations. 5& net.
TOWARDS THE HEIGHTS:
an Appeal to Young Men. Bv CHARLES
WAGNER, Author of ' The Simple Life.' fa
Crown Svo, cloth. 3s. vd. ; paper, la net.
THE JANUARY
INDEPENDENT
REVIEW.
Price '!■<. Cxi. net.
T1IK GOVERNMENT AND ITS OPPORTUNITIES.
FRANCE AM) GERMAN? IN OUR FOREIGN
POLICY. By sir Thomas Barclay.
THE MOTHERS OH TI1K FUTURE. By K. 1>. Marvin.
MUNICIPAL TRADE (AN ANSWER} li\ Major
Leonard Darwin.
INFANT MORTALITY. By Morn Wilson.
THE CONGO PROBLEM By K. D. Moral.
COERCING TIIF. SULTAN. By H. N. Brailsford.
MR BWTNHURNE AND THE ska. ByC. C. Hiobaelldes.
A NOTE ON MR BERNARD SHAW. By O.K. Chesterton.
Till'. AUTHOR OF 'IONICA' By Herbert Paul.
REUEW8 OF ROOKS.
T. FISHER UNWIN, 1, Adelphi Terrace.
N° 4080, Jan. 6, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
SATURDAY, JANUARY 6, 1906.
CONTENTS.
|PAGE
The Life of Lord Randolph Churchill .. .. 7
The Mythology of Britain 9
Loggan's Views of Cambridge.. 10
A German History of Russian Literature . . 10
New Novels (Display ; Moscow ; Paradise ; A Set-ret
of the Lebombo ; The Fulfilment ; Last Year's
Nests ; St. Cuthbert's of the West) 12
Books of Travei 12
Our Library Table (Byron's Poetry in One Volume ;
A Book for a Rainy Day ; Round about my Peking
Garden ; The Royal Forests of England ; Cat
Tales ; A Short Day's Work ; Chertsey Abbey ;
Cotton's Montaigne ; Year- Books ; The Dickensian 14—16
List of New Books 16
The Book Sales of 1905 ; The Etymology of
" Boast " ; Christopher Marlowe Biblio-
graphy ; The Year of Mrs. Hemans's Birth ;
Campion and Mr. Paul 16—18
Literary Gossip 18
Science— The Great Plateau; The Romance of
Insect Life ; Nature through Microscope
and Camera ; Nebula to Man ; Societies ;
Meetings Next Week ; Gossip . . . . 19—21
Fine Arts— Holman Hunt on Pre-Raphaelitism ;
Kate Greenaway ; The Old Masters at Bur-
lington House ; Our National Collections ;
The Department of Coins in the British
Museum ; Gossip 22—25
Music — The Oxford History of Music; Gossip;
Performances Next Week .. .. 26—27
Drama — Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush ; The
Jury of Fate; Lodowick Carliell; Gossip 27—28
Index to Advertisers 28
LITERATURE
Lord Randolph Churchill. By Winston S.
Churchill, M.P. 2 vols. (Macmillan
& Co.)
This long-expected biography more than
comes up to our anticipations. Like the
' Lord Granville ' of Lord Edmond Fitz-
maurice, it contains some startling matter,
which may be mentioned at once, in order
that it may be cleared out of the way. An
account is given — in letters, chiefly from
Lord Randolph Churchill to Lord Salis-
bury— of a resignation of office by the
Secretary of State for India in August,
1885, which raised Constitutional questions
of high moment. The ground of the
anger of Lord Randolph, as stated by him,
was that the Prime Minister had forwarded
to the Viceroy a communication from the
Queen which " makes a proposal to which
the responsible head of the Department
chiefly concerned entertains the strongest
possible objections."
" I was not aware that it was possible. . . .
that communications should pass between
the Prime Minister and the Viceroy, "at the
instance of H.M. the Queen, without the
knowledge of the Secretary of State, on a
matter on which the latter held very strong
and deliberate opinions."
It was incidentally admitted as a Con-
stitutional principle that it was not wise
to employ a son of a King of England in a
political situation. The objection to the
Bombay Command being held by a son
of Queen Victoria was based on compul-
sory membership of the Bombay Council,
and was held no longer to exist when the
Command came, by later legislation, to
be separated from political duties. That
the line is a thin one may be seen from
the fact that political duties are thrown
upon the Commander-in-Chief in Ireland,
and that the Duke of Connaught has held,
without objection, that Command. The
question is one which will arise again in
connexion with Viceroyalties, and it
would be interesting, now that it has
emerged from secrecy, to have it more
fully argued.
Except for some imperfection in the
account given of the relation of Lord
Randolph Churchill to the growth of
Home Rule in 1885, the book before us
is a piece of history to be generally trusted,
even though it comes from the pen of
an active politician. It is somewhat
strange to find a member of the present
Government writing so completely from
the Irish Unionist point of view as does
Mr. Winston Churchill. Not that there
is a single sentence which is unbecoming
to his position or which definitely commits
him to the Unionist side : it is the tone
that we have in view, for with politics
we are not concerned. Indeed, the only
passage in the volumes which is distinctly
awkward for the present Administration
is one which reprints a savage attack
upon the new leader of the Liberal party
in the House of Lords. The constant
repetition of such phrases as " the history
of the famous battle for the Union in
1886 " is striking ; and so is the opinion
of the author as to his father, stated,
among other passages, in the following
words : " The Union was a cause to
which he was pledged, not only by
memorable votes and speeches, but by
profound and unalterable conviction."
The account given of the change in Lord
Randolph's Irish views, from the mild
Home Rule of his early days, before
Home Rule had become dangerous or
extreme, to the ferocious opposition of
1886 and 1893, and then of the gradual
return to opinions similar to those of 1877,
seems to the reader at variance with the
boast of " unalterable conviction."
The Duke of Marlborough when Viceroy
writes, in reply to a violent remonstrance
from Lord Randolph's friend Sir Michael
Beach in regard to a speech on the Irish
question, that his son " must either be
mad or have been singularly affected
with local champagne or claret .... I am
extremely annoyed at the folly of his
utterance." Such was the pressure upon
the subject of the biography that he was
forced to come down to the House of
Commons and make a speech in which he
ate his words.
From 1880 to the end of 1885 there
was consistency in Lord Randolph's
Irish views, but this would hardly be
gathered from the quotations in the
book. For any darkness which may still
hide the facts Mr. Churchill cannot be
held responsible. He repeatedly states
that it is upon Sir Michael Beach thai
he has, very properly, relied. It is,
however, obvious to those who read
these volumes closely in connexion with
all other letters and statements by t In-
leading actors which have hitherto ap-
peared, that the account of Lord Randolph
Churchill's action in respect of Ireland in
1885 here offered is both incomplete and
misleading. On several occasions when
reviewing books, such as Mr. Barry
O'Brien's ' Life of Parnell,' in which
the attempt has been made to tell the
story, we have had to point out that the
time has not yet come when it can be
disclosed. The subject is still political,
and has close bearing upon current
affairs. Revelations with regard to it
could be used, and would be certain to
be used, as weapons in party controversy.
This alone among the various episodes
of Lord Randolph's career cannot yet
be made plain to the public.
Mr. Churchill gives us Sir John Gorst's
interesting letter to his father of November,
1880, as to the Irish policy suggested by
Beaconsfield, who appears in his true
light as the- inspirer and adviser of
the Fourth Party. The view which was
discussed between Lord Beaconsfield and
Mr. Gorst at Hughenden, and between
the Tory leader and Sir Henry Wolff at
Curzon Street, was accepted and followed
by Lord Randolph and his " party."
The first words in the letter are : —
" We ought not to pledge ourselves to
support the Government in any coercive
measures for Ireland. .. .B. will prevent
Northcote, if he can, from making any
more pledges."
The time had not then come for the
declaration that any section 'of the Con-
servative party would commit itself to
out-and-out opposition to coercion. Even
in May, 1885, when Lord Randolph
Churchill first declared in public that a
new Conservative Government would not
renew the Crimes Act, it is admitted
that the decision could only be temporary
and conditional. In words which may
be those of Sir Michael Beach, we find : —
" Was a Coercion Bill necessary ? Mr.
Gibson .... was of opinion that it would
not be necessary. But certainly Mr. Parnell
could make it necessary ! "
As early as December, 1880, Beacons-
field had decided that it was not
possible to take the Conservative party
into the lobby against coercion as
things then stood ; and in the first
days of February, 1881, Mr. Balfour,
who had given occasional support to the
Fourth Party, spoke and voted for Mr.
Forster's measures, while Lord Randolph
Churchill spoke and voted against them.
In 1883 Lord Randolph had ceased to
fight against the Conservatives on this
subject ; but he seems never to have
changed his view, to which in later
periods of his life he constantly recurs.
As regards Home Rule, the explanation
of many apparent differences is to be
found in the fact that the phrase WBS
used among politicians before July, 1885,
in a wholly different sense from that in
which it has been used since the early
part of 1886. In 1SS3 Lord Randolph
spoke strongly against "an Irish Parlia-
ment," which he treated as equivalent
to 'repeal of the I'nion.*' Rut this was
tii ]•: at ii EN .i:r \i
N 1080, Jan. 6, 1006
nut m those days the signification attached
to the words Borne Rule," winch
stood for milder schemes. With this
k,-v it i- possible to onlook the secret*
of the raily summer of 1885, so far as
they are here revealed, or have been
previously in the memorandum <>f Mr.
( 'liamberiain [dinted by Mr. Hairy O'Brien
and in the letters to be found in Mr.
Morley'a 'Gladstone1 and Lord E. Pitz-
maurice's 'Granville.' Mr. Winston
Churchill, basing his argument, as he
tells us. on the absence of documents in
Ins father's papers, and on the recollec-
tions Of Sir Michael Beach, suggests that
there was no agreement made by Lord
Randolph with Parnell
"sufficiently definite or formal to be called
a ' compact.' .... On the other hand, it is
certain that he had more than one con-
versation wit 1 1 the Irish leader; that he
stated t<> him his opinion of what a Con-
servative Government would do should it
be formed ; and that he declared that he
considered himself precluded by public
utterances from joining a Government
which would at once renew the Crimes Act."
Mr. Churchill then goes on to say that
no bargain could have been made, because
it was not certain that Lord Randolph
would join the new Government, that
the Conservative party would not have
ratified such a bargain, and that Lord
Randolph " could not presume to speak
in their name." In all these early
passages, and indeed in the whole of the
first accoun^ of the alleged compact, Mr.
Churchill assumes that the promise was
only upon the single head, " The Crimes
Act," and tells us, " On some such tacit
understanding as this Lord Salisbury's
first Administration came into power and
held sway." When, however, he comes
to go over the whole ground again, in
the second volume, he puts in a second
of the three alleged clauses of the alleged
compact — " An inquiry into the Maam-
trasna case." There remains a complete
difference of information from the various
sources at present open as to the third
alleged suggestion — '* A Viceroy favour-
able to Home Rule," that is, to Home
Rule in the milder sense attaching to the
phrase up to the end of the summer of
1885.
Mr. Churchill suggests that Maamtrasna
itself came in naturally at a later moment
than that of the conversations between
Parnell and his father : —
" The new ministers had scarcely taken
office before the shadowy relations which
existed between the Conservative Govern-
ment and the Irish party issued in a sub-
stantial form."
After a full account of Lord Spencer's
attitude, he goes on: "Hatred of a
Coercion Viceroy .... magnified this
squalid tragedy into a political issue of
importance/' Mr. Churchill truly states
that his father
" bad consistently supported the Irish
demand for an inquiry. He was to defend
in office a smaller concession than he had
urged in Opposition. . . .He had had no con-
fidence in the administration of Lord
Spencer. For that reason lie had a year
before voted in favour of an inquiry."
It will be seen that Mr Churchill
COmeS very near to placing the Maam-
trasna inquiry among the faota which led
ParneU to give hi* rapport t<> the forma-
tion of a Conservative Administration.
Our author then goes <>n to point out
that "the Maamtrasna incident was a
factor in great events .... Upon Lord
Spencer its influence was perhaps de-
oisive."
The denial that there was any conces-
sion made to I'arnell upon the third
subject, namely, that of "a Viceroy
favourable to Home Rule,"' is in sonic
passages Btrong and apparently complete.
On the other hand, we find in at least one
passage a singular confirmation of the
statement which, we believe, will — when
the papers of those still living and the
principal letters upon the subject come
to be published — be found to be the true
one : —
' The appointment of Lord Carnarvon as
Viceroy had been a part of the general
policy of concession to Irish feeling which
the new Government was forced to adopt.
His opinions were known to be sympathetic
to Irish aspirations, and he was for that
reason agreeable to the Nationalist party.
. . . .He. . . .was well known to be familiar
with the machinery of subordinate legis-
latures and Colonial Parliaments."
These words make the reader feel that
it was not strange that Parnell should
have believed that the promise of "a
Viceroy favourable to Home Rule " was
made. It will probably be found that
even Lord Salisbury's papers contain
some trace of knowledge of a suggestion
which, it is clear from these volumes,
was not made known to Sir Michael
Beach. Mr. Churchill reminds us by
quotations from Lord Carnarvon that in
1888 he revealed " the fact that he had
acted throughout with Lord Salisbury's
consent .... Lord Salisbury, how- ever, kept
this matter entirely to himself." Mr.
Churchill adds that his father was in
the dark about the interview in the empty
house. The statement no doubt is true,
but does not conflict with that of Parnell
as to the previous promise of the selection
of a Viceroy who would at least have
dealings with him upon the moderate
Home Rule proposals.
From two speeches of Mr. Chamberlain
it is known that his scheme of 1885 was
" a very large one." It was, however,
a very small one when compared with
Mr. Gladstone's Bills of 1886 and 1893.
The phrase " Home Rule," though pro-
bably not used of it by Mr. Chamberlain,
was commonly used to describe it by many
who were less careful. The denials which
are made in these volumes on the autho-
rity of Sir Michael Beach are in fact
denials of that which has never been
asserted in responsible writings — that
there was any offer or suggestion by the
Conservative party to Parnell in 1885
of the consideration of that which in
those days was called " repeal of the
Union," and is now called Home Rule.
The judgment on the facts as set forth
in these volumes, even though they may
be modified in the distant future by the
publication of further papers, will not be
unfavourable to Lord Randolph. But the
attempt to claim for him on tl
question <>f Home Rule an absolute dis-
id of the party interests of
moment will not bear investigation. The
higher view i- negatived by BUOfa I I
that to his chief lri-h friend, dated
February, 1886, wherein he states that
he had made up hi- mind " that if I
Gr.O M went for Home Rule, the Oiange
card would be the one to play. Pie
God it may turn out the ace of trump-."
Another matter on which there has
been controversy, named by us in review-
ing previous books, concerns the member-
ship of the Fourth Party. But here
again can be found an explanation of
the difference of opinion which
arisen. The " Party " led by Lord
Randolph Churchill in the Parliament
of 1880, and generally composed, as
regards followers, of Mr. Gorst and Sir
H. 1). Wolff, had a chequered existence,
in the course of which differences of
opinion frequently arose. It has already
been seen that Mr. Balfour, bo far as he
can be said to have been at any time a
member, broke off from his supposed
leader at a very early date. The opposi-
tion to the leadership of the Commons
by Sir Stafford Xorthcote. and the con-
tempt shown for Mr. Smith and Mr.
Sclater-Booth, were, perhaps, at one time
common to the four members named. But
Lord Randolph, with his two more firm
supporters, was soon brought into conflict,
not only with the Conservative leader in
the Commons, but also with the Con-
servative leader in the Lords. After the
death of Lord Beaconsfield. in whose
time Mr. Balfour had been free to support
Lord Randolph, Lord Salisbury obtained
the allegiance of his nephew. In many
passages which relate to parliamentary
sittings in 1880, based as they are largely
upon the articles of Mr. Harold Gorst in
The Nineteenth Century, Mr. Balfour is
named as an absolute member of the
" Party." At the same time Lord Hart-
ington's attack upon them, which is
quoted, picks out the three and omits
the fourth. In a quotation from the
language of the Liberal Whip the word
" four " has. we think, been inserted in
recent times; and though Mr. Churchill
names " the four allies." and describes
one meeting of " the Four," he admits of
Mr. Balfour that even in 1880 " no one —
certainly not his comrades — regarded him
as a serious politician.*" We have shown
how at the beginning of the Beeeion of
1SS1 Mr. Balfour broke away from Lord
Randolph, and he repeated his expression
of censure on his former friend on several
occasions in 1882. As regards 1882, Mr.
Churchill uses the words "the Fourth
Party, consisting of three persons." It
is clear that Mr. Balfour may have been
looked upon as a member of the loose
"Party" of 1880. but not, except as
regards the Bradlaugh case, from 1881
to 1885 inclusive.
The curious story of Lord Randolph's
connexion with Egyptian affairs is not
N" 4080, Jan.
6, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
9
fully developed in these volumes, but it
is rightly stated that he was- perfectly
honest in his belief that Arabi was " the
head of a real nationalist movement
directed against one of the vilest and
most worthless Governments in the world."
Lord Randolph went so far as to hold
the Khedive " responsible for the mas-
sacre " at Alexandria ; and Mr. Churchill
further describes his father's " attacks
upon the morality and humanity of "
this rather weak, but just and truthful
Khedive. In 1886 there is a long account
by Lord Randolph of a visit paid to him
in Paris by Count d'Aunay, an old friend
from the Embassy in London, afterwards
French agent in Egypt, and now a well-
known Senator. By this time Lord
Randolph had adopted the usual official
views on Egypt ; and it is an odd example
of the manner in which he used to divest
himself of his own past that, when he
came to pay a visit as a tourist to Egypt,
he was astonished to find a difficulty
made about the reception which he
desired from the Khedive.
Some of the best things in the book are
to be found in Lord Randolph's letters,
though the language, " half chaff, half
earnest," is in some of the amusing
passages so strong as to make short
quotations odious. It is not always easy
to separate the " earnest " from the chaff.
There is a letter from the Nile, to Lord
James, in which the politicians far off in
London become mere " performing fleas.
I was once a flea like you." In this
letter there are some admirable though
exaggerated descriptions of the pecu-
liarities of certain statesmen. But it is
difficult to detect the point at which the
irony of " the eloquence of Smith " passes
to the accuracy of " the adroitness of
Joe." Yet three descriptions lie between,
of which it is not easy to say exactly how
much is intended to be accurate and how
much ironic.
There are few errors discoverable by
us in the book. Sir Henry Wolff's
" special mission " of 1885 was hardly
" to Turkey and Egypt." He was first
dispatched to Turkey on his way to take
up his duties as European Commissioner
for Reforms, in the post at another time
held by Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice. But
it is, of course, the case that much later
he received a wider mission, which took
him to Constantinople in respect of
Egyptian affairs. The proof-reading has
been excellently performed, and we have
noticed no slip except that of the first
letter in the name of the well-known
principal private secretary of Prince
Bismarck.
Mr. Winston Churchill was welcomed by
us as a writer on the publication of ' The .
Story of the Malakand Field Force.'
Immersion in politics and constant speak-
ing have not spoilt the capacity for style
which he then, at an early age, displayed.
In the work before us there are many fine
passages, and we find it almost as a whole
both vivid and dignified in narration, and
here and there even noble. Occasionally
the style drops down to slipslop, but is
never for one moment wanting in interest
or]in variety, and invariably rises again
for the explanation of matters of high
moment. It cannot be said of Mr.
Churchill by any one, as he says of his
father, " He cannot claim in any special
degree the gift of letters." It is impossible
to deny to the writer of these volumes the
unusual combination of a most peculiar
gift for politics and for letters. The
temptation to use facts or to strain
arguments for political purposes has been
fought against throughout, and it is only
in rare passages that we perceive criticism
of Mr. Balfour in the guise of history of
some one else. One curious example,
however, concerns Mr. Churchill's own
conflicts with Mr. Balfour :—
" Mr. Gladstone. . . .if he had not been a
great and famous Parliamentarian, ....
would have tried to treat with disdain the
arguments of unproved or youthful oppo-
nents. He would have left the House
during their speeches, or, ignoring their
criticisms altogether, have contented him-
self with replying only to the ex-officials
on the Front Bench."
Now that he has himself become an official
on the Front Bench Mr. Churchill may
be more tender.
The Mythology of the British Islands. By
Charles Squire. (Blackie & Son.)
This book claims to be the first attempt
at a comprehensive survey of the whole
field of Celtic mythology. Though large
portions of the Welsh and Irish romances,
e.g., the 'Mabinogi' and the Cuchulainn
Saga, have been placed within the reach
of the general public, there has up to the
present time been no systematic account
of the subject as a whole. Those who
have fallen under its spell, and would
fain have understood the setting of the
various stories and their relation to one
another, have had no choice but to fight
their way through elaborate treatises and
essays read to learned societies. The
uninitiated have only too often been
obliged to give up the task in despair.
The present volume is calculated to meet
their difficulty : it will put them in
possession of the few facts they require,
and lead them by pleasant paths into a
world which has hitherto been closed to
them.
The author does not profess to be
writing for Celtic scholars. On the con-
trary, he owns himself beholden to them
for all his subject-matter, and will be
overjoyed if he makes their studies more
widely known. For his own part, he
values these studies less for their scien-
tific than for their literary interest. He
has no wish to encroach on the domain
of the specialist ; his aim in writing is
to provide a handbook to " a subject
of growing importance, to the so-called
Celtic Renaissance, which is neither more
nor less than an attempt to refresh the
vitality of English poetry at its most
ancient native fount." He insists that
classic myth has lost much of its power
to inspire, and that the legends of
Asgard, from which our imaginative
writers (Gray and Warton presumably)
sought a fresh impulse, though un-
doubtedly our own, are not our one
and only heritage. Besides our Teu-
tonic blood, we have much British
blood in our veins ; the gods of the
Celts were as much our gods as Thor
and Odin ; the mythology of the Celts
has descended to us. This claim is in
accord with the most recent historical
and ethnological theories, and few will
any longer dispute it ; there is force, too,
in his contention that the Celtic legends,
while they rival the Greek in grace and
picturesqueness, have this advantage over
them, that they are the natural outgrowth
of our soil and climate. The gods of
the vine and olive are out of place in our
British landscape. We feel instinctively
that it is the meet background, not for
Bacchus or Minerva, but for Cuchulainn
with chin besmeared with blackberry
juice, or Olwen with hair more yellow
than the flower of the broom.
The opening chapters are mainly occu-
pied with a discussion of the sources of
our knowledge, the manuscripts — Welsh,
Irish, and Scotch — relating to the subject,
and the history and religion of the ancient
Britons. The reader is led up in this
way to the actual stories, which, as we
have seen, are now for the first time
brought together in one volume. He is
made acquainted with the Gaelic gods,
and the giants who were their adversaries ;
with the champions of the Red Branch of
Ulster, the heroes of an epic second only
to that of Troy ; and with Finn and his
mighty men. He hears tell also of the
great figures among the ancient Britons,
of their old gods, and of Arthur and his
knights, whom he will find to be no mortals,
but members of the same mythic band.
The final chapter relates to survivals of
Celtic paganism in modern times.
The book requires but little comment.
It is well written and lucid, and leaves
us with a clear idea of the scope of Celtic
mythology. It is true that the author
is inclined to assume too much, to treat
as fact what the scholars he is following
have merely conjectured. Sometimes,
too, he appears to have missed their
drift, as when, in speaking of the Celtic
year, he tells us that the Celts called
the spring equinox Beltane, and that the
summer solstice, a great Celtic feast, was
held at the beginning of August in honour
of Lug ! But the character of the work
being what it is, these defects need not
be regarded as serious. The would - be
student has only to turn to the authorities
themselves, who are everywhere mentioned
by name; while the ordinary reader, for
whom it is primarily intended, will* be
satisfied with something short of absolute
correctness on points 01 detail. We bars
no hesitation in recommending it to the
inhabitants of these islands, descended
as they are in large degree from the can*
qnerea British who had been fused
together under a Celtic civilization. We
should like to see it in the nursery
along with Cox's 'Tales of Ancient
Greece' and the Norse Sagas. With
such wealth at their disposal OUT children
10
T II E AT II EN -Kl' M
N 40S(», Jan. 6. 1906
could afford to dispense with manu-
fact uit'd tan \ -Ikii >ks.
Cantabrigia Illustrate. By David Loggan.
Edited l>y .). W. dark. (Cambridge,
Biacmillai) A Bowea.)
Mk. J. \\ . Class, the Regietrary of the
University, lias rendered no ordinary
services to Cambridge. Long* connected as
lie has been with the place by residence
and family association, he has devoted
not the least valuable of his many talents
to the study and elucidation of its past.
But even the great task of giving to the
world in 1886 the • Architectural History
of Cambridge ' of his uncle, the late Prof.
Willis, is scarcely a more important
service than the publication of Loggan's
' Cantabrigia Illustrata.'
David Loggan was of Scotch extraction,
but is first met with at Nuffield, near
Oxford. He was appointed engraver to
that university, and from 1674 onwards
he published a series of views of its
colleges. In 1678 he went to Cambridge,
and for twelve years occupied himself in
engraving the prints which Mr. Clark has
reproduced. In 1690 his work appeared,
dedicated to William and Mary, " pro-
fligatis ecclesiae pariter ac libertatis
Anglican® hostibus." The real value to
us of Loggan's performance is that it is so
extraordinarily accurate as to give an
actual presentation of Cambridge at the
close of the seventeenth century. As Mr.
Clark remarks : —
" Would any artist have invented the
details which abound in his engravings — the
variety, the small differences in the arrange-
ment of doors and windows — the laying out
of the courts, the gardens with their flower
beds and summer houses, the bowling
greens, the tennis courts, — and, in a word,
the domestic matters which speak eloquently
of trie time when the college was the home
of its inmates, who found within the pre-
cincts all things necessary for their daily
life in study, exercise, and diversion ? "
How minute the accuracy in detail of
Loggan is may be shown by a single
example. Among other differences be-
tween the seventeenth century and later
times we may note the toleration of the
presence of dogs in college courts. The
old early - nineteenth - century ' Rake's
Progress,' so familiar to Cambridge men,
with the picture of an irate don, a shame-
faced undergraduate, and a frantic porter,
subscribed : —
The Master's wig the guilty wight appals,
Who brings a dug within the college walls,
would have scarcely been applicable to
the 'period of the Revolution. Dogs in
Loggan are seen everywhere, even in the
antechapel of King's ! In Trinity a man
is setting his dog at a large bird ; and Mr.
Clark has found that the college accounts
of 1684 mention a tame eagle kept in the
court, a curious confirmation of. Loggan's
observant accuracy. A few years ago
two fine ravens from Cumberland were
given to Trinity College, and were to be
seen in the Great Court, but their lives,
alas ! were brief. A little earlier a large
Muscovy duck was frequently ■s«',,n "i tin-
New Court, a profligate bird, who greedily
devoured bread soaked in brandy, -and
used to reel about like the ' homd
example at a temperance uniting.
To assist the imagination in lettering
old Cambridge .Mr. ('lark has thoughtfully
provided an old sixteenth-century map
of the town, which seems to have altered
but little in its general appearance till
comparatively recent days; nor are there
now wanting many traces of the aspect of
the streets of the Cambridge of that age.
It was but a small place, and the colleges
must have shown to more advantage than
at present. The fifth plate, giving two
views of the town, is extremely interesting
as illustrating the condition of agriculture
at the time. The absence of hedges makes
the country look somewhat bare ; |but, as
Gunning (whose career at Cambridge be-
gan about a century after Loggan had
completed his prints) testifies, Cambridge
had great attractions as a sporting centre,
Coe Fen being a sure find for snipe in his
youth. The dons even objected to building
as spoiling their riding ground.
Mr. Clark rightly says that Loggan's
work " cannot be appreciated as it
deserves, unless some college be thoroughly
examined with the picture in one's hand."
This we have endeavoured to do in certain
cases, and the result fully bears out the
truth of the dictum. It is the minuter
details which are so instructive. Take as
an example the tower of the University
church (plate ix.), the turrets of which are
seen to be adorned with small stone balls,
in some degree resembling the larger
ornaments of Clare Bridge. It is interest-
ing to find that the master builder in both
cases was named Grumbold — belonging,
apparently, to a family of builders in the
town. King's College was situated on a
different side of the chapel from the
present buildings, but the chapel itself
was, of course, in its glory, and Loggan
gave it ample notice. " It is," says
Mr. Clark, " a remarkable tribute to
the beauty of King's College Chapel that
Loggan should have devoted three plates
to it, at a time when pointed architecture
was out of favour with most persons."
The interior (plate xii.) is especially
interesting.
The general plan of colleges is that of a
country house, and the arrangements of
the majority are those of the manor
houses of the period — Haddon Hall and
Queen's College have several features in
common, though in no way resembling
one another in appearance. The collegiate
system was, in fact, pace those of the
millionaire class who declare Cambridge
to be too monkish to attract their liberal,
but somewhat errant munificence, in some
respects in direct contrast with the
monastic. " With the exception," Mr.
Clark remarks, " of Trinity Hall and
Jesus, no monastic arrangements can be
traced in the collegiate system at Cam-
bridge."
In view of this fact, Loggan's plans and
pictures become even more interesting as
he has preserved the representation of the
colleges at a time when the object and
purport of their founderi were apparent'
It would be an ingen for
■ uho know their Cambridge well to
name M they turn over the pages, which
college they iUppOM L .'-'.til to have
depicted. In tome -<■!/■, Trinity,
st .John - and Jesus — the task would
easy enough. But King - lave for the
chapel, ii not recognizable; and Pem-
broke. CorpUB, and Emmanuel, end ah
all Caius, show how the barbarism of the
nineteenth century has obscured the ait of
a more civilized age. It is an appalling
thought that some of those who enlarged
our collegiate buildings not only died in
their beds, but even left considerable
fortunes.
In one instance Loggan conspicuously
departed from his rule of depicting
only what he saw. Clare College, or
rather Hall, was being rebuilt, and
Loggan supplies the unfinished part.
" This," it is said, " has been filled in by
the liberal hand of the engraver, with the
object of giving an impulse to the helping
hands of others ; in order that the entire
design which he displays with such
refined art may be realized in the
structure itself with as little delay as
possible."
' Cantabrigia Illustrata ' will enable
those who are wise enough to secure a
copy — only 500, we believe, have been
printed — to travel back into the past,
and see the little town and its famous
University as it was when Bentley fought
his enemies and crushed the wits of
Oxford, or when Henry Esmond learnt
the botte de Jesuite from his old fencing
master, and Thomas Tusher won his
fellowship on the Protestant foundation of
Emmanuel. We see the undivided fields
with their crops, the flocks at pasture, and
the sportsmen returning with their game,
the busy streets thronged with tumbrils
and pack-horses, the wooden bridges over
the river, the trim gardens, the prim and
pompous dons. Their lot in that leisurely
but learned age was perhaps not un-
enviable ; but with all her changes the
Alma Mater of to-day has many features
in common with that which Loggan
depicted and Mr. Clark has happily
annotated for us.
Gesckichte der russischen Litteratur. Von
Dr. A. Bruckner, Professor in Berlin.
' (Leipsic, Amelag.)
Prof. Bruckner, of the University of
Berlin, one of the foremost of Slavonic
scholars, has shown in a previous
book in the same series as that to
which the present work belongs, that
he was not merely a philologist. He
has a hearty enjoyment of Slavonic
literature, and is far from treating it like
the common pedant or antiquary. The
only rival who has hitherto appeared
in the field of the history of Russian
literature is .M. Waliszewski, who pub-
lished his work in French. Like Prof.
Bruckner, he is a Pole : but prejudices
of race seem to have warped the judgment
of M. Waliszewski. and from these the
N°4080, Jan. 6, 1906
THE A T H E N M U M
11
present author is wholly free. He is
friendly to the Russian people ; only
when he speaks of the Government does
his anger break forth. His treatment
of Pushkin is in marked contradiction
to that of M. Waliszewski, who affords
a complete instance of damning with faint
praise.
The early period of Russian literature
is handled very briefly. It can only be
interesting to the ethnologist and his-
torian. The best things are the chronicles
and the bilini, or folk-songs. The rest
of the literature consists of translations.
We observe that Prof. Bruckner accepts
the ' Slovo o polku Igorieve ' as genuine,
though its authenticity has been denied
by some on account of the strange mixture
of Christian and pagan ideas.
Prof Bruckner does not conceal his
antipathy to Byzantine culture, which
he thinks differentiated the Russians
from the other Slavs, with whom they
would have blended. Byzantine litera-
ture gave them their lives of saints and
narrowed the breadth of their Weltan-
schauung. The chronicles of the early
period, including the pieces which have
gone to make up the work assigned to
Nestor, have a certain historical value,
French ideas to Russian life. Tatistchev,
the first Russian historian in any sense
of the word, is praised by Prof. Bruckner ;
he marks the transit from the chronicle
stage to the writing of real history.
The Occidentalization of Russia proceeded
with giant strides in the reign of Catherine.
The Imperial dilettante, as our author
calls her, wrote comedies and essays.
French literature, which then domi-
nated Europe, reigned paramount in
Russia during the eighteenth century.
Kheraskov furnished his two vast epics in
the style of the ' Henriade ' ; Surnarokov
introduced the rhyming drama. The reign
of Paul was without significance for
literature, except that it was greatly
depressed under the severity of the censure.
The mummeries of the regime of Catherine,
as Prof. Bruckner calls them, were
partly resuscitated in the reign of Alex-
ander I. The chief agent was Shishkov,
who had great power as a Minister ; still,
Romanticism began under the influence
of Zhukovski, although he was perhaps
anticipated by Kameniev in his ' Gromval.'
At all events, Pushkin thought that this
was the first distinct trace of Romanticism
in Russia. Our author is very fair to
Zhukovski, and recognizes his great merits
as a translator : he especially praises the
portions of the Odyssey which Zhukovski
rendered into Russian as showing a true
feeling for the original. Ryleev and
Griboiedov meet with full praise. A
real poet was lost by the early mental
decay of Batiushkov.
But it is Pushkin who evokes our
author's amplest panegyrics, and espe-
cially his marvellous tale in verse, ' Eugene
Oniegin.' Of the charming character of
Tatiana, Prof. Bruckner says : —
" Rich and old literatures must envy
Russian literature this portrait of a woman.
The creation of Tatiana alone would raise
Pushkin above all his predecessors and most
of his successors. We find here what we
always meet with in Turgueniev, who was
a kind of Pushkin in prose, the insignificance
of the man in contradistinction to the
woman, as if the altogether subordinate
part played by the baba or woman among the
peasants took its vengeance on the higher
anks of society."
At the cost of her happiness (for she
s still in love with him), Tatiana, with
toman firmness, takes her revenge on
'ugene.
We have no space to go at length
irough the various works of this charm-
Ig poet, as they are criticized by Prof,
riickner ; but we are glad to see such
hearty recognition of his merits. Of
e prose tales of Pushkin our author
ys that they are rather to be considered
pretty and sentimental anecdotes :
us they appear to have much
amatic power, e.g., ' The Pistol Shot '
d 'The Queen of Spades.' The sixth
apter of Prof. Bruckner's work con-
ides with a glowing and eloquent
negyric of the great poet.
We have no space to discuss thoroughly
e men of the Pushkin pleiad, the chief
whom was Lermontov. The strange,
erratic career of Polezhaev is described
at some length, even to the detail that
his corpse was gnawed by rats in the
cellar of the hospital. The poetry of
Polezhaev is full of the most complete
melancholy. He wishes that his soul
could ebb from him as the smoke of the
tobacco from his pipe. Lermontov natur-
ally meets with his share of praise, and
we are glad to see Prof. Bruckner eulogizing
his clever imitation of the Russian bilina
in the story of the merchant Kalashnikov.
The chapter concludes with an apprecia-
tion of the lyrics of Koltsov, who caught
so well the tone of the Russian national
poetry.
After a short notice of the historical
novelists — the imitators of Walter Scott
— Prof. Bruckner gives a comprehensive
criticism of Gogol. Bielinski, the greatest
Russian critic, occupies a chapter, and
is followed by Herzen, whose admirable
style is praised as it deserves. Tur-
gueniev, Tolstoy, and Dostoievski are
discussed minutely ; nor is Saltikov
forgotten, whose ' Provincial Sketches '
created such a sensation on their appear-
ance. The " belletristic " writers of the
second rank include the Narodniki, such
as Reshetnikov, Levitov, Uspienski, and
Zlatovratski.
In the chapter on the drama are dis-
cussed the bourgeois comedies of Ostrovski
which meet with just praise, and the
trilogy of Alexis Tolstoy. Nekrasov and
others of the later lyric poets are carefully
criticized. In the chapter on the latest
novelists Prof. Bruckner dwells at length
upon the inadequacy of some of the
German translations of Russian novels.
He severely says : " Alle Feinheiten
des Russischen gehen im Deutschen voll-
standig verloren."
The latest poets of the decadent school
are also discussed, and while writing
this we cannot but express our grief at
the recent death of the accomplished
Madame Gibert {nee Lokhvitskaia). There
have not been many female votaries of
the muse in Russia, and Prof. Bruckner
finds space to speak about them. In his
enumeration of translations into the
Russian language we rather wonder that
he says nothing of the excellent version
of Shelley by Balmont. The fine transla-
tion of Shakspeare which was recently
published in five volumes contains versions
by many authors, most of which are very
successful.
We are surprised, too, that the author
says nothing, or next to nothing, about
Russian historical writers ; e.g., nothing
is said of Soloviov, or Bestuzhev-
Riumin, or Ilovaiski, or Zabielin — per-
haps their writings seem to our author
to belong to the category of specialists.
He is fair, however, to Karamzin, the
great historiographer of the times of
Alexander I. and Nicholas, who must
necessarily claim a position in Russian
literature as the father of its prose. He is
like Dryden among ourselves ; from his
time dates a flowing prose, good for
narrative, essays, and criticism. Karam-
zin was liicky in escaping from the
pedantry of Shishkov. At a critical
period the prose of the language became
elegant and unconstrained, and not, like
German, a complicated labyrinth, cun-
ningly devised by the schoolmaster.
In conclusion we may say that the
student of Russian literature will find
in this book all he can expect — sound
scholarship and sound criticism, and
included under the latter the most geir'al
sympathy with the authors. Their lead-
ing works are subjected to a careful
analysis. Prof. Bruckner seems to have
given his sympathies as a Slav full play :
he thinks nothing unworthy of not ire
that affects the Slavs. Although a Pole,
he writes of Pushkin and other great
Russian authors as if he were a Russian.
In so eminent a man we may reasonably
expect the accuracy of a first-rate philo-
logist, but we could hardly have counted
upon such fine and penetrating en-
thusiasm.
12
T II i: A T M EN .1.1 \|
\ 1080. Jan. 6, 1 906
NEW
NOVELS.
E. Spender.
(John
Display.
Lai
Mi; Spender's book 1- a jeu d'esprit,
full of energy and ebullient with idi
He sel "in one must think, to have
•• high jink-,'' and he has them. Mi.
Brakeepear, the editor of the popular
halfpenny paper, oomes to the oonoluaion
that Africa must hold Bomething cdiquid
nori. afi Mr. Spender would say service-
able tor a journalistic "sensation." This
he discovers in the existence of More's
Utopia in that mysterious continent.
and an expedition is equipped to explore
the state. Most of the characters of
the book take part in this expedition,
ladies not excepted, and this is the
record of their adventures. In point of
fact the adventures do not amount to
much. The author is merely spending
his high spirits on the way in satire,
criticism, and conversational sallies. He
is evidently young and interested in life
and thought — points very much in his
favour. Also, he dearly loves a quotation
from the Latin or the Greek ; and he
does not mind the hazards of prodigious
farce. On the whole, his book is enliven-
ing, but a trifle too elaborate. It is more
valuable, perhaps, as an indication of
talent not yet mature.
Moscow. By Fred Whishaw. (Long-
mans & Co.)
There is much brightness of tone and
style in Mr. Whishaw's book, though
it is concerned with the terrible year
1812, and though its opening chapters
contain two ghastly incidents of the
relation between boyar and serf which
have no obvious connexion with sub-
sequent events. The main story deals
with two sets of lovers, Russian and
French — Vera Demidoff and Saska Maxi-
moff, contracted in childhood, who learn
to know each other in the stress of common
action for their country, and Louise
Dupre, who for love of Henri d'Esterre
dons a blue coat and follows *him through
the campaign. She has every qualifica-
tion except sex, being the elder and
more skilful daughter of an ancient
fencing-master of Paris, whose lamenta-
tions, when his two most accomplished
pupils show their weakness in different
ways, are the most agreeable of many
comic touches which relieve the realism
of a sombre period.
Paradise. By Alice Brown. (Constable
& Co.)
This is a vernacular tale of village life
in New England, a theme which Miss
Brown has already treated with much
skill. Naturally it is of a purely domestic
character. Yet human nature is strong
in her simple and shrewd characters.
" Uncle Timmie," who is " righteous "
with a view to discovering the nature
of the rewards promised in Scripture,
is one of the best of them : —
•• • 1 gueec you don1 1 »mhi to «l" anything
verj bad,1 interpolated Aunt N" 'I
dunno 'a I <l". I dunno whether it'a bad
or not,1 laid [Jncle Timmie, obstinately.
■ Vnywaya ; whatever ti ye can'1 do it.
It ye want anything, that - the thing ye
can'1 have. I righteous for nam
over fort} year, an' I'm pretty nigh sick
on V"
There is more grace in the nature of
Barbara, the product of the " poor farm
who constructs a Paradise subjectively.
A drunken country doctor, with a poetic
BOUl, is the most articulate of her
neighbours. Some words almost need a
glossary.
A Secret of the Lebombo. By Bertram
.Mitford. (Hurst & Blackett.)
When a writer has once shown himself
capable of reaching a certain standard
of craftsmanship, however modest a one
it may have been, he disappoints his
best friends in permitting the publica-
tion under his name of anything which
falls notably short of that standard.
In ' Dorrien of Cranston ' Mr. Mitford
attained a certain not unworthy level
of literary craftsmanship. In the present
book he falls below that standard by
virtue of banality, trite phrases, indifi
ferent grammar, and cheap sentiment!
We cannot say that we have found
pleasure in the perusal of this Soutl
African story.
The Fulfilment. By Edith Allonb
(Greening & Co.)
The disorder of Miss Allonby's min
which led recently to her suicide,
plainly revealed in her last novel. H
former book, ' The Jewel - Sowers,' w
extravagant and unintelligible ; this
frankly something more : it is the wo
of an unbalanced mind, and, despite t
tragic circumstances of the author's deaf
it is doubtful if it should have been pu
lished. Such attention as her suicide
directed to it can avail her nothing. Cr:
cism can do no good in such a case,
is enough to point out that the autl
wrote with some idea of the picturesqi
and with a sense of emotion. Th«.
editorial notes, which are frequent, in-
dicate sufficiently the futility of this
publication. The book is divided into
three parts, successively Earth, Hell,
Heaven. To the middle section a note is
prefixed stating : —
" There is no literary link between this
part of the story and ' Earth.' The reader
will perceive that it is Genius who is now
telling his experiences to Deborah. Where
Deborah is does not seem quite clear."
Deborah obviously stands for the author
herself, and her life as schoolmistress,
with her trials as a novelist, are doubtless
drawn from personal experience. Miss
Allonby died in order that her book might
be issued exactly as she wrote it. Her
editor, or her publisher, has made
numerous deletions, so that her dying
wish was not granted. In the circum-
stances it was a pity to publish the book
at all.
I.ii*t ) ■ '-. By H. A. 1 Darlington.
(Nisbel I 1
Mi — reminds one of
a p;t-i generation and other and simpler
idea! I ! mentality beloi
to a Bex that refuses to deal in thi
facts of life. The Anstrul ■ ■ a
decaying family, the head of which is
obliged to earn a living as librarian in
a London library. Into their phv
a house of up-tart-, who are painted
the author with a laudable lack of !
judioe. And the course of the tale
concerns love affairs between the two
families. The hero is called (alack !)
Hero, and he is a nohle-minded An-truther,
who thinks no .shame to work in the
docks at a weekly wage. Hi- brother
i> a much brighter person, and wiser
in his L'f-neration. He marries the girl
Hero wanted, and makes a fortune in
America. But you cannot have every-
thing in this world, as the ingenuous
author rightly perceives, and Dennis
does not earn the respect of his acquaint-
ances. On the other hand, though his
brother never grew rich and never realized
his ambitions, he remained his parents'
" Hero," which was his reward.
BOOKS OF TRAVEL.
A Book of the Biriera. By S. Baring-
Gould. With Forty Illustrations.
(Methuen & Co.) — Having written books
on Brittany, on Wales and the West Country,
Mi. Baring-Gould has now turned his atten-
tion to the Riviera, meaning thereby both
the Cote d'Azur and the Riviera di Pon-
ente, the French and the Italian coasts from
Marseilles to Genoa. Much reading and
writing on many subjects have made of
Mr. Baring-Gould, in Bacon's phrase, a full
man, and for an evening's entertainment and
instruction by the side of an olive-wood fire
in a villa by " the tideless. dolorous midland
sea," there could be no better companion
than this book. For the author satisfies
the requirements of the modern intelligent
traveller : he not only appreciates scenery,
but can also explain it geologically ; he
admires the olive and the vine, and tells us
something of their culture ; he traces the his-
tory of the orange, and shows how, in the
N° 4080, Jan. 6,
1906
THE ATHENAEUM
13
world of vegetation, strangers from Africa,
Asia, and Australia have occupied the best land
and the warmest corners of the Ligurian
coast, just as of old the Greek and Roman
colonists shouldered out the native tribes,
and forced them to withdraw into the midst
of the mountains.
From an historical point of view Mr.
Baring-Gould has found a congenial sub-
ject. The Ligurian coast was the warpath
of the world for centuries. What scenes
of ruthless warfare, of Roman civilization
and Christian iconoclasm, has the amphi-
theatre of Aries witnessed ! And there is
hardly a mile of the coast without some
association with a great name or dread
event. One after another the conquering
nations have come and gone : Ligurians,
Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans, Visigoths
and Saracens — each wave of civilization has
broken on these shores and left behind some
trace in words, in roads, in buildings, or in
pagan customs that survive in Christianized
form. The Saturnalia survive in the Feast
•of Fools ; at Aix the Roman temple of
Victory, which celebrated Marius's triumph
over the Ambrons and Teutons, became the
Christian chapel of Sainte Victoire ; and
Mr. Baring-Gould, when referring to the
transfer of the relics of S. Ampelio to
San Remo, even hazards the opinion that
the devotion to relics is also his-
torical, and traceable to the " worship of
ancestors that existed among the prehistoric
races of Europe." There are places on the
Riviera, as there are spots in Spain, like
Cordova, where you almost seem to hear
the tramp of Caesar's armies, or Pompey's.
Caesar's armies marched to the sound of
topical verses, as Virgil reminds us, and
these verses were set, no doubt, to formal
melodies. In a very interesting passage
Mr. Baring-Gould traces the pedigree of
Provencal poetry through ecclesiastical
hymns to these folk-airs of the vernacular
Latin, and thus illustrates his thesis that
the familiar fringe of hotels, shops, villas,
and casinos is but a modern edge on an
ancient garment.
Since Lord Brougham invented Cannes,
most Englishmen who can afford the amuse-
ment have invented for themselves some
particular spot on the Riviera. Mr. Baring-
Gould is no exception. For him the Bay
of Cavalaire is the ideal sun-trap, where the
icy blasts do not shrivel up the eucalyptus
and smite down the oranges. Certainly
Lavandou and Cavalaire are better suited
to delicate lungs than Hyeres, " exposed
to the currents of wind over the Crau ; than
that blow-hole, S. Raphael, planted between
the cheeks of the Maures and l'Esterel ; than
Cannes, where the winds come down from
the snows over the plains of the Siagne ; than
Nice, with the Paillon on one side and the
Var on the other." But M. Baring-Gould
might have told us, as Mr. Lentheric does,
that the bay is the site of the old Heraclea
Caccabaria, a name which recalls not only
the worship of Heracles, as Monaco recalls
his Phoenician equivalent, Melkarth, Monoi-
kos, but also the name of Carthage, Kak-
kab6. However, the author warns us that
he professes not to write a full history of
the Ligurian coast, but only to deal with
prominent incidents in that history and
short biographies of interesting personages
connected with it. In the matter of selec-
tion, therefore, he has a right to be a law
unto himself, but we wish that the Riviera
di Ponente had been dealt with more
adequately than it is here. True, the neigh-
bourhood of Bordighera and Ventimiglia has
been well described by Mr. Hamilton and
by Mr. William Scott ; but by omitting
such banalities as this, " In the little ceme-
tery of Eze is laid a Swiss woman assassinated
in 1902 by Vidal, a woman-murderer," room
might have been found to do more justice
to the Italian part of the coast.
We have noticed on pp. 40, 78. 113, 127.
1G3 a few misprints, to which the author
may care to have his attention called. Most
are trivial, but it is shocking to be told that
it was for the death of Louis XIV. that
Sieyes voted " sans phrases." A good map
and a better index would greatly improve
this book, which is furnished with forty
good photographs of scenery.J
Sicily. By the late Augustus J. C. Hare
and St. Clair Baddeley. (Heinemann. ) —
This new edition of Hare's guide to Sicily
is announced as " almost entirely rewritten "
by Mr. St. Clair Baddeley. In general the
practical information which it contains has
been brought up to date ; but we should
demur to the statement that an escort of
carabinieri is " necessary " for the latter
part of the excursion from Palermo to
Segesta, although the loneliness of the sur-
roundings of the Segesta temple makes it,
perhaps, undesirable for ladies to visit it
unattended. The time allowed for an aver-
age crossing from Naples to Palermo also
seems excessive. On its historic, literary,
and artistic sides — those on which we should
expect to find this little volume superior
to the ordinary guide-book — it is unambi-
tious in plan and unequal in execution.
While Palermo and Syracuse are accorded
their due share of space and attention,
many places receive perfunctory hand-
ling. Thus Castrogiovanni — the ancient
Henna — with its strange charm and unique
associations, is dismissed in less than a
single page, of which the greater part is
filled by a long quotation from Ovid. Again,
Mr. Baddeley undervalues, to our mind, the
Roman remains at Catania ; and in Palermo
itself he shows scant respect to the museum,
and of the delightful building in which it is
lodged he writes no word at all. Much may,
however, be forgiven him for his hearty
appreciation of Girgenti and Taormina ; if
he fails to suggest the full glory of the view
from the Taormina theatre, he is hardly to
be blamed, since the task of description in
this case is one from which Ruskin himself
might have shrunk. It would have been
well had he noted, in writing of the (so-called)
Temple of Concord at Girgenti, that more
than a suspicion of " restoration " attaches
to it ; in point of untouched character, as
of unequalled situation, the neighbouring
Temple of Juno Lacinia is of far higher
interest.
The historical sketch with which the
volume opens is clearly written, and will
be helpful to the traveller who has not read
Freeman ; but it is defective in one or two
points. Even so brief an account of the
history of ancient Sicily should make men-
tion of the Servile Wars ; and surely some
at least of the results of modern research
might have been used to temper the con-
ventional brilliancy of the portrait here
drawn of the " Wonder of the World." These
omissions could easily be remedied in future
editions. We would also suggest that,
although one does not look for impecca-
bility of style in a guide-book, such expres-
sions as " Goethe, scornful though he was
at them...." and the unlucky alliteration
on p. 35 ought to be altered. The
photographs which adorn the book are well
printed, and the large map of Sicily is re-
markably clear and good. Some of the
smaller maps — notably the plan ol Palermo
— are drawn on so minute a scale that to
decipher them is difficult for any eyes but
those of youth.
In the Heart of the Canadian Rockies.
By James Outram. (New York, the Mac-
millan Company.) — The reviewer is disarmed
before he enters upon his study of this
interesting volume by an " Apology " of
the most sweepingly deprecatory character.
It is stated that the writer's only claim to
consideration is that he is an enthusiast
in mountaineering, and that this book is
issued with great reluctance on his part,
as he feels that the brain collapse from
overwork, which first drove him to the
mountains, has " throughout hampered clear
thought and steady composition." It is not
an appetizing prefatory note, but the reader
who perseveres well into the book itself will
be rewarded for his pains with some delight-
ful reading, and will rise from it as convinced
of the author's ability as of his real modesty.
His style inclines towards redundance, but
pleasantly so, and his agreeable discursive-
ness is not at all ill-suited to the subject.
In the beginning there is traced the growth
of that blend of reverential love for moun-
tains, of curiosity, and of adventure which
makes an ardent mountaineer. The charms
of Switzerland are touched on affectionately,
and reference is made to that proper hanker-
ing after a real " first ascent " which turns
a man's thoughts and steps westward. But
it is not in the United States that Mr.
Outram considers Switzerland's serious rivals
are to be found, hunt as the mountaineer
may among the upland solitudes of Colorado,
California, or the icy crags of the Cascade
range : —
"Each contains some of the splendid features
that are all combined within the scanty limits of
the little European Republic, but the wondrous
glacial fields, the massing of majestic ranges, the
striking individuality of each great peak, the forest
areas, green pasture lands, clear lakes, and peaceful
valleys, are nowhere found harmoniously blended
on the western continent until the traveller visits
that section of the Rocky Mountains which lies
within the wide domain of Canada. Follow Lng the
continental watershed from Colorado northward,
the ranges of Montana begin to display the charac-
teristic features which culminate in the Switzerland
of the western hemisphere. The rounded or gabled
summits here give place to broken pinnacles, preci-
pices rise in frequent grandeur, enormous seas of
ice sweep from the alpine heights into the verdant
heart of pine- and spruce-clad valleys, gemmed
with emerald and turquoise lakelets, and silvery
waterfalls and sparkling rivulets unite in producing
a series of absolutely perfect mountain pictures."
In view of the ease and swiftness with
which the modern traveller may be trans-
ported from, say, Pall Mall into the very
heart of the Canadian Rockies, where, upon
its line of route, the railway company pro-
vides every facility in the way of hotels
and chalets, guides, and so forth, it is
certainly fair to hope that the magnificent
scenery of these giant ranges will become
more and more familiar to English moun-
taineers. To all such potential wanderers
we cordially commend Mr. Outram's pages.
His counsel is sound, and his knowledge
reaches far. His experiences with axe and
line have been many and varied. They are
here set forthwith a comprehensiveness rare
in books of this class. The volume was
well worth writing, and should win an
extensive circle of friends in this country.
It has some good maps and a most useful
index.
Burma. Painted and described by R.
Talbot Kelly. (A. & C. Black.)— This addi-
tion to "colour books " is by no means the
least charming of a long list. Its preface
is one calculated to induce good humour
in the most captious reader, being full of a
frank modesty, the real modesty of a capable
craftsman. The volume is the result of a
first visit, and not of any Laboured research :
it is the record of fresh and vivid impressions
1 1
T II i: A T II EN .1: r .M
X 1080, .1 is. 6, 1906
made upon the mind "i a trained | »n n t • r
Mini mi able writer of plain descriptive
Iiroae. There are no statistics, no book-
Mir, and little information of the sorl baaed
upon long experienoe. There are the ou1
standing features of a first vision ; there Lb
a fine, an expert appreciation of the glowing
colour of Burma; and there is sympathy.
The resull ia something which is probably
more Lmmediatelj pleasing and entertaining,
1! less informing, than the records of a
lifelong experience in Burma, and a ma
classified facte, would have been. There
are Beventy-five full-page reproductions of
Mr. Kelly's pictures, and these form a very
attractive portion of the whole work. The
artist has not been niggardly in conveying
the barbaric vividness, the blaze of colour,
which greets the traveller in most parte of
Burma : hut his landscapes in which
nature is -ecu unforced by the hands of
COlour-loving men and women, and seen,
more often than not, by early morning or
evening light — have an exquisite delicacy.
Like most travellers in the East, Mr. Talbot
Kelly found an unfailing fascination and
delight in the splendid but intimate charm
of early morning in Burma, and the imprint
of his appreciation is written plainly in
these pictures, and in some of the best
descriptive passages in his book. The
author is, naturally, less well acquainted
with Burmese Buddhism than with Egyptian
Mohammedanism (his previous book in this
series, ' Egypt,' showed considerable fami-
liarity with Arab thought and feeling), but
his impressions of Burmese character are
intelligent, and more often accurate than
not.
Life in Morocco. By Budgett Meakin.
JChatto & Windus.)— to students of the
iterature of Morocco, Mr. Meakin is known
as the author of a comprehensive and
painstaking trilogy, entitled ' The Moorish
Empire,' ' The Land of the Moors,' and
' The Moors.' His claim to consideration
where North Africa is concerned is just,
for he was virtually brought up in the
country, and knows its native and semi-
native life with the intimacy of experience.
The present volume, while not without
interest, differs widely in character from
the solid trilogy just mentioned. Its un-
connected and rather scrappy character
conveys the suggestion that it represents
what miners call a " clean-up " of all the
odd material left over from that work. The
author makes his acknowledgments to no
fewer than fifteen periodicals in which
different sections of this book have already
seen the light, besides mentioning that four
chapters have been extracted from an un-
published work, apparently of fiction, and
that three other chapters are the products
of his wife's pen. It will be apparent,
then, that ' Life in Morocco ' is something
in the nature of a scrapbook of notes.
Upon the whole, and in view of the existence
of Mr. Meakin's trilogy, we cannot say that
the work of rescuing these papers from
their admittedly ephemeral form was par-
ticularly worth doing. Some of them have
more than passing interest, perhaps, since
they indicate genuine familiarity with
certain phases of life in Morocco ; but these
have already been more carefully presented
in one or other of the previous volumes
from the same pen. Here actual instances
are given, but they are instances the exact
fellows to which we have had already in
the works of Mr. Walter Harris, Mr. A. J.
Dawson, Mr. Cunninghame Graham, and
others who, without, perhaps, the prolonged
familiarity with Morocco which Mr. Meakin
has, have yet shown a good deal more
power to depict the salient features of a
landscape, an incident, or ., \i*t-
enoe.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Tin Poetical Work* <>i Lard Byron, edited,
with a memoir, by Erneal Hartley Coleridge
(Murray), ia further described as "the only
complete and Copyright text in one voluo
It is. in fact, an admirable and probably
final edition of the nohie poet s,i intimately
associated with the house of Murray. Sere
the reader will find all the new- poems
included in the elaborate edition of I-
1904, which we noticed at length. He will
also find a lively and well-written memoir
by the editor, and judicious notes to tin
various poems, which explain all that a
reader needs to know. The volume is
attractively bound in blue, and marks an
essential advance on the last of a similar
sort received from Mr. Murray, the " Pearl "
edition of 1902. The present issue contains
1,041 pages of text, apart from the memoir.
In this era of literary resurrection it was
a happy thought on the part of Mr. Wilfred
Whitten to reissue J. T. Smith's A Book
for a Rainy Day (Methuen). Smith, who
is best known as an engraver of Morland
and others, and as the author of ' Nollekens
and his Times,' had an extremely interesting
individuality, as is shown in this posthumous
work. It is nothing but a miscellany of
information, a vast scrapbook, in the main
topographical and antiquarian in its in-
terest. Smith was born in a hackney
coach in 1766, and died in 1833, and
this olla podrida covers the whole period
between those dates. It was apparently
prepared for publication by the author, but
was not issued till 1845. It has not been
reprinted since 1861 till Mr. Whitten came
to the rescue. He justly remarks that,
while Smith takes no high rank as a writer,
" he is a delightful gossip, full of his two
subjects : London and Art." Mr. Whitten
also is a learned and diligent student of
London, and hence -his association with this
edition is felicitous. " A budget of memories "
is Mr. Whitten's summary of this book,
and it is adequate. Smith's father was
principal assistant to Nollekens, the sculptor,
and Smith himself learnt in the same studio.
After an independent career as engraver
and antiquary he became in 1816 Keeper
of the Prints. Nollekens, who had given
him reason to suppose he would inherit a
substantial legacy, died in 1823, and left
300,000Z. ; but of this Smith received only
100?. as an executor. Mr. Whitten attri-
butes the eccentric biography of Nollekens,
published five years later, to Smith's
indignation. At any rate, it was the
precursor of other honest biographies, in
which veracity is " sharpened, not by
malice." Smith's anecdotic mind and
individuality may, perhaps, be gathered
from his record in a friend's album : —
"'I can boast of seven events, some of which
great men would lie proud of : 1 received a kiss
when a hoy from the beautiful Mrs. Rohiiismi ;
was patted on the head by Dr. Johnson ; have
frequently held Sir Joshua Reynolds's spectacles;
partook of a pint of porter with an elephant ;
saved Lady Hamilton from falling when the
melancholy news arrived of Lord Nelson's death ;
three times conversed with King George the
Third : and was shut up in a room with Mr.
Kean's linn.' "
Here is certainly an admirable editor for
Tit-bits. Yet Smith's knowledge, as
recorded here, is extremely interesting to
us to-day. He gives a list of the characters
which Garrick assumed; also a list of
Mrs. Siddons's parts. He sets down a
diary of the Marylebone Gardens from the
time of Pepys. You can dip into this
luck] bag any where with the •>
finding something oi interest : —
" belie- i|,i- yeai M
fall* .it laoe from tin- hat to tie- shoulders, and
rolled curls on eithei tide oi the aeok ; the}
t limed to oai I \ tin-. "
The hook is indispensable to those who
would reconstruct bygone days. A- the
world passed before Smith's eye- lie recorded
it — without method, without order, without
vie, but always vividly and
accurately. The haphazard, easy, fluent
character of his gossip may he Been in his
observation for any year. Take 1 B02, for
example. He opens with some mora] reflec-
tions ; izocs on to di al length a
visit he paid to Newgate t.i see tie- execu-
tion of Governor Wall ; after which he
notes the selling of the fatal rope ; pa
on, and encounters " Rosy Emma " " at
the north-east corner of Warwick Lane " j
reflects that once -he must have b<
nearly as handsome a- that other Emma,
celebrated by Gainsborough : and winds up
by drawing a portrait of the hapless criminal.
Hotchpotch such as this is for digging in,
or, as the title goes, for perusal on a rainy
day.
The edition is handsome, and is furnished
with many fine plates from contemporary
sources. I s best feature, however, is un-
doubtedly the editor's notes, which are
elaborate and meticulous. They form an
appendix almost as interesting and valuable
as the text.
Round about my Peking Garden. By Mrs.
Archibald Little. (T. Fisher Unwin.) — In
her knowledge of the real China, Mrs. Archi-
bald Little admittedly stands unrivalled
among living European women. Mrs. Little
has even ventured, as we know from other
writings of hers, single-handed to beard a
Chinese mandarin in his yamen. So it is
only natural that, being observant, she
should be able to discuss Chinese matters
competently. She has an additional quali-
fication in her genuine love and sympathy
for China and its people — a trait which, it
is perhaps unnecessary to say, is not uni-
versal among European residents in the
county. ' Round about my Peking Garden'
may be described as a collection of sketches
of North China, somewhat loosely held
together by the idea expressed in the title.
The actual garden in Peking, attached to a
house in which the author spent two summer
months (in 1901, apparently), occupies only
a single chapter of the book ; its immediate
surroundings claim another ; and so, by
way of the Peking palaces, temples, &c,
Mrs. Little takes us to the Ming tombs,
the Western tombs, the Mongolian Grass
Land, the seaside resorts near Peking,
and even to Port Arthur. This is the
geographical distribution, so to speak, of
the sketches. With regard to time, they
all appear to be dated about the period of
the last occupation of Peking by the allied
troops, or of the Chinese Imperial Court's
return to the capital. Internal evidence
makes us suspect that at least one chapter
— that of ' Five Nations' Soldiers as seen in
China ' — was originally a topical contribu-
tion to some newspaper. Such sections of
the book as this are likely now to be found
the Least interesting, except in so far as
they carry back past or present residents in
China to the days of the " Boxer"' troubles.
Records of pillage and destruction play a
very important part in Mrs. Little's pages.
It is no exaggeration to say that in hardly-
one chapter do we fail to find references to
ruined temples, and stolen or pulverized
works of art. One quotation is perhaps
enough. Mrs. Little visits, on a hill-top,
"a Thousand-Buddha Temple which must have
N°4080, Jan. 6, 1900
THE ATHEN.EUM
15
been lovely. Inside are flower arabesques that
•evidently Italian priests must have taught Chinese
to design and colour. But the marble has been
tested by fire, the Buddhas' heads knocked off, the
arabesques discoloured. The amount of labour that
has been expended in destruction in Peking is
really infinite. And over the other side of the hill
nothing has been restored since the English and
French sacked the Summer Palace together in 18;19
■and thought they were teaching the Chinese a
lesson as to their superior strength. But the
Chinese did not learn it. They were only
additionally convinced, if that were possible, that
all other nations outside their own were rough
savages. They will think so more than ever now,
if half the tales one hears are true. It does not do !
to think of many of them."
[ A Frenchman once wrote of the scene of !
the looting of the Summer Palace at Peking
as " a hasheesh-eater's dream." (That was, |
of course, before the actual burning of the
Palace, rightly or wrongly attributed to
Lord Elgin.) In Mrs. Little's descriptions
of profaned temples, uprooted gardens,
broken images, and smashed screens we
seem to see rather an art-lover's or an anti-
quary's nightmare. Such records indeed
provide food for thought for citizens of
the " crusading " nations of 1900. So, too,
does^what Mrs. Little has to say concerning
the stoppage, by the Powers' orders, of the
literary examinations — for five years at
Peking and at Taiyuenfu, the capital of
Shansi ; for one year in eight other provinces.
In these examinations an intense national
interest is taken in China, " possibly sur-
passing even that felt in the Derby by
ourselves."
Mrs. Little, it will have been gathered, is
not in sympathy with the way in which the
Western Powers have acted towards China.
She is, however, an ardent supporter of
Christian mission work in the country, and
believes that some day there will be "a
great ingathering." All, whether supporters
of the missionary or not, will welcome her
appeal on behalf of the beautiful temple-
buildings throughout China. Western in-
fluence is bound to strike hard at the
present faiths of the Chinese, and such
buildings are thereby threatened with
neglect and ruin, unless the love of beauty
can save them.
Mrs. Little's manner of writing is generally
pleasant. She has a genuine instinct for
description, and excels therein. She is apt
to mar her picturesque passages by a ten-
dency to moralizing and emotional apos-
trophe ; and occasionally she may give
readers a rather painful shock by the use
of a word below the dignity of its context.
But the excellences of her work are
many in comparison with its few defects
It is copiously illustrated from photo-
graphs, of which all but two or three are
admirably clear. For a book of this kind
photography can best supply the illustra-
tion required, and Mrs. Little has been
fortunate in being able to supplement
her own efforts by those of others who
have visited the same places. The frontis-
piece, a Chinese painting of a Red Button
Mandarin in full dress, is more quaint than
beautiful.
The Royal Forests of England, by J.
Charles Cox (Methuen), is one of " The
Antiquary's Books," a series of which its
author is the general editor. Its avowed
object is " to set forth both the general
and particular history of the wastes pre-
served for royal sport throughout England
which were under forest law." We may
say at once that it was beyond hope 1"
accomplish such a task within the compass
of this volume. As Dr. Cox himself admits,
"it would have been easy enough to have
found original material sufficient to fill a
volume of this size for almost each of the
forests named therein," and it seems to
him " almost sinful to be content with such
brief summaries." What is really wanted
by " the antiquary " is something between
Mr. G. J. Turner's masterly ' Select Pleas
of the Forest,' issued by the Selden Society,
and a popular treatise suited for the general
reader. He has been so dependent till of
late on the obsolete Manwood that for such
a work there was a real want. Dr. Cox's
introductory chapters go some way towards
supplying it, and have enjoyed the great
advantage of being read in proof by Mr.
Turner ; but the effort to embrace the his-
tory of all the forests has compelled Dr. Cox
to sacrifice other chapters and to cut down
his work throughout in ruthless fashion.
This is the more to be regretted because it
is evident that Dr. Cox has expended much
labour on his subject, not only among
printed matter, but also at the Public
Record Office, while forest lore loses at his
hands none of its intrinsic interest. Hounds
and hunting are discussed, together with the
beasts of the chase, the officers and courts
of the forest, its customs and its trees. The
forests under our early kings were of con-
stitutional importance, and more might have
been said of the popular hatred the forest
laws aroused, of the outbursts against them
in times of anarchy, and of the royal
treachery and oppression in connexion with
them, even Henry II. making them a means
of shameless extortion in 1175-6. When
their history comes to be fully written, its
later portions will present some ugly tales
of private rapacity and spoliation.
To many the numerous illustrations
will prove an attractive feature of
this book. The effigies and sepulchral
slabs of forest officers displaying, as
symbols, the forester's horn, the ver-
derer's axe, and the bowbearer's bow and
arrow, are of special interest. The horn,
we think, was distinctive of more than
" an ordinary forester." The Engaines, for
instance, held in Northants and Hunts by
the service of hunting the wolf and other
beasts through four counties. This inter-
esting office can be traced even in Domesday,
and the holder of the lands made his return,
in 1 1 66, among the barons, ready to perform
his service, as the king's forester-of-fee, " his
horn about his neck." We cannot find
mention of the system of farming the royal
forests for a fixed " census," from which
tithes were paid, and are rather surprised
that none of Dr. Nisbet's books is cited. Dr.
Cox describes, inter alia, the manuscript of
' The Master of Game.'
Cat Tales, by W. L. Alden (Digby & Long),
are in the mam broadly farcical, but very
pleasant reading. Mr. Alden has the touches
of artistic exaggeration and vivid slang which
are characteristic of the best American
humour, and easy as his writing may seem,
it never falls into the slackness which
abounds nowadays. We like best ' Tire
and Sidon,' a parody of the motive of the
Pied Piper; but the cats associated with
sea-captains all make good yarns. There
are some touches of real feeling here, too.
Mr. Louis Wain is the appropriate illustrator
of the book.
We are very glad to see a new edition of
A Short Day's Work, by Monica Peveril
Turnbull (Murray). Easy as it is to be
enthusiastic over so bright a life cut short
by self-sacrifice, the author has generally
(and, we think, justly) been recognized as
one possessing unusual e;ifts. Both her
verse and prose have the quality <>f distinc-
tion, as well as a basis of independent
thought which is rare among the writers of
to-day.
Messrs. Wells Gardner & Co. publish
Chertsey Abbey, an illustrated volume by
Miss Wheeler, which we commend as a
careful study of the history of the foundation.
Chertsey was one of the principal monasteries
of England, but almost all vestige of its
buildings disappeared in the seventeenth
century. The charters and other available
documents have been ransacked, and the
facts are all to be found within the covers
of the book. The abbey formed the usual
first halt from London, or before London,
in the journeys of the king when going and
coming between the capital and the West.
The condition of Sussex placed it even on
the military road of invaders from the
South. Just as Julius Caesar had crossed
the Thames within what afterwards became
the limits of the abbey lands, so William
the Conqueror marched by Chertsey after
the battle of Hastings. Chertsey is con-
nected, as will be remembered, with the
deaths and funerals of kings. To the
archaeologist it must remain of the highest
interest, on account of the pre-eminence
of its tiles. A wonderful find of the old
pavements was made there fifty years ago,
and Cherstey tiles have since been recog-
nized by their patterns in all parts of Eng-
land.
Cotton's Montaigne, 3 vols., is out in the
" York Library " (Bell), which has been so
deservedly praised in many quarters already
that it hardly needs more commendation
from us. Mr. Carew Hazlitt has done the
work of editing the volumes well, and the
first modern essayist who projected his ego
over the world is now available in a delight-
fully handy form. We suppose it is useless
to suggest that his many imitators should
think of his endowments and pause before
they put pen to paper.
We have received The Clergy Directory
for 1906 (J. S. Phillips). This is the thirty-
sixth issue, and the year-book has by now
established its reputation for accuracy and
completeness. It is not only a guide to its
special subject, but also a valuable book of
reference, readily yielding information on
the parishes of England and their population
in accordance with the latest census returns.
As usual, we have tested it by looking up
various names, and found it without fault.
We have also received The Catholic Direc-
tory (Burns & Oates), which is cheap in
view of the amount of information which it
contains.
DebretVs Peerage, Baronetage, and Knight-
age for 1906 (Dean & Son) has managed to
include on an extra page the ' Resignation
Honours,' and has a further list of ' Occur-
rences during Printing,' which exhibits
the pains taken to keep the volume up to
date. It is, in fact, wonderfully complete
in every way, even including a list of ' Royal
Warrant Holders ' in the Appendix.
Burke's Peerage, Baronetage, and Knight-
age for 1906 (Harrison) is before us. a stately
record of 2,293 pages, which retains pride
of place among books of its sort. This is
the sixty - eighth issue. The interesting
preface shows the care taken to secure
revision, and we congratulate Mr. Ashworth
P.Burke on Ins solution of the difficulties
caused by recent changes. The notice of
Sir John Senniker rleaton will need to be
deleted, and is an instance of the clumsy
administration of honours. Till recently W8
thoughl that it was only in Btageland that
people were made baronets withoul any
intelligenl anticipation of such events.
Though we cannot endorse all the early
history of ' Burke,1 it is laudably accurate
hi us modern detail, and shows signs of
being well looked after by its editor.
16
A T M EN -1-: I M
\ WHO, .1 ik. • '>, 19I»0
hint's Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightagt
for LQ06 (Whittaker A Co.) u an excellent
example ol good work compressed within a
moderate compass. W Iblocks are ■
feature of the work, and the formal m<
dI address will be found useful. It doefl
not note, bj the i>\. the Lord Mayor <>t
Car. lit!.
'/'A- >< enct rear -Book for 1906 has been
sent to us by Messrs. King, Sell & Olding.
This is the second annual issue. The ' Year-
I '.. ">k ' includes an admirable Diary, which
may well attract the unscientific; scientific
notes anil tables, special sections on the
advances of 1905 by competent writers,
and a directory of periodicals, societies.
biographies, &c. Through the front cover
appears a date card which can be torn
off each month. There is a full page
to write on every day; in fact, the whole
is admirably arranged, and the book should
have the widest circulation, for it appeals
to the ordinary man as well as the student.
\\'i: welcome the bound Dickensian for
1905 (Chapman & Hall), which is full of
those " ana " concerning the master which
have been eagerly sought after for many
years. The green covers in facsimile of
the separate issues are thoughtfully bound
in separately at the end. Many interesting
illustrations and portraits are included.
The magazine is now, we imagine, an assured
success, and, this being so, the editor might
well introduce more modern critical matter
of an aesthetic sort. Our own columns, by
the by, contained a year or two ago a brief
note about the most quoted author in the
daily press, stating that, after investigation,
the writer found Dickens first, and the rest
(Shakspeare and others) nowhere.
We have on our table Ecclesia Antiqua,
by J. Ferguson (Edinburgh, Oliver & Boyd),
— Can We Believe ? by C. F. Garbett and
F. O. T. Hawkes (Masters), — Life and Death,
by H. Allsopp (Watts), — At the Master's
Side, by A. Deane (Wells Gardner), — Hebrew
Ideals, Part II., by J. Strachan (Edinburgh,
T. & T. Clark), — Constructive Democracy, by
W. E. Smythe (Macmillan), — Government
Regulation of Railway Rates, by H. R. Meyer
(Macmillan), — A Manual of Carpentry and
Joinery, by J. W. Riley (Macmillan), —
Occult Chemistry, by Annie Besant (Theo-
sophical Publishing Society), — Advanced Ex-
amples in Physics, by A. O. Allen (Arnold), —
Social Responsibilities, by H. Jones (Glasgow,
MacLehose & Sons). — What to have for
Breakfast, by Olive Green (Putnam), — The
Amateur Cook, by Katharine Burrill and
Annie M. Booth (W. & R. Chambers),—
Queer Thing • about Sicily, by D. Sladen and
Norma Lorimer (Treherne), — Philippine
Life in Tou-n and Country, by J. A. Le Roy
(Putnam), — In Japanese Hospitals during
War-time, by Mrs. Richardson (Blackwood),
— Cumberland, Westmorland, and Furness,
(Blackie & Son), — The Last of the Stuarts, by
C. Julian (Colorado, Reinert Publishing
Company). — Poems of Trumbull Stickney
(Houghtf)n & Mifflin), — A Medley of Verse,
by Damon (Truslove & Hanson), — Nugce
Sacrai et Philosophical, by some Members of
a Common Room (Oxford, Blackwell), —
Lyrics, by the Author of ' Erebus ' (Elkin
Mathews),— Verses, by T. H. T. Case (Green-
ing),— Essays for Ireland, by L. H. Victory
(Dublin. Scaly, Bryers & 'Walker), — The
Water Nymph, and other Poems, by A. S.
Johnstone (Gay & Bird), — Edvard Grieg,
by H. T. Finck (Lane), — Sliakespeare and
the Supernatural, by Margaret Lucy, with
Bibliography by W. Jaggard (Liverpool,
.laggard). — Laurence Sterne in Germany, by
H. W. Thayer (Macmillan),— .4 Stolen' Peer,
by Guy Boothby (White),— Lady Bobs, her
Brother, and I. by J. Chamblin (Putnam
/ / i ( 'onst ii nee, by I.. * '. Wood
(Headley), Tht Expiation <>i Eugene, by
I ■'. II. Balfour (Greening), I Prophet <>i
Wales, l>\ M. Baring (Greening), An Island
in tin Air, by E. Lngersoi] (.Macmillan), —
Yolanda, Maul of Burgundy, by C. Major
(Macmillan). Minium of Clf/Si l'<e<nl. by
Evelyn Everett Green (Melrose), TheOit
mill It iras So, by Koma Dene ( Diane), Tht
Pride of the Tristan //i ir/rks, by Ellen A.
Smith (Digby <v Long), Starlight Sto\
l.y Hob (Do La More Press), -Tht Metal
and the Key, by K. Ford (Diane), — D<>
in Dogland, by (;. Kawlcnce (Diane), 7'A<
Interlude of Youth, edited by W. Bang and
R. B. McKerrow (Suit),— Tides of Thought,
by H. W. Bible (Simpkin & Marshall),—
Abyssinia: the Ethiopian Railway, by T.
Lennox Gilmour (Alston Rivers), — / Totili di
Xobilta nell' Italia Bizantina, by Guido
Bonolis (Florence, Seeber), — and Theodor
Manimsen als Schriftsteller, by Karl Zange-
meister, edited by E. Jacobs (Berlin, Weid-
mann).
Among New Editions we have Pilgrim-
Walks in Rome, by P. J. Chandlery (Manresa
Press), — The Diary of an Old Soul, by G.
Mac Donald (Fifield), — The Phantom Ship,
by Capt. Marryat (Lane), — A Sentimental
Journey, by L. Sterne (Long), — The London
Building Acts, 1894 to 1905, edited by B.
Dicksee (Stanford), — Men of the Covenant, by
A. Smellie (Melrose), — A Text-Book on Gas,
Oil, and Air Engines, by Bryan Donkin
(Griffin), — and Banking Almanac, 1906,
edited by R. H. Inglis Palgrave (Water-
low & Sons).
i II- i ■ - Munuin I
lie.* ii - M.e m. ,
[>'An (B I \ \- ■• i
(leolug) .,( Mi, | Argyll, Kv .1 II Hill sad oil,.
i
• r •• • n -•' • l\ ' . 1,1, I . I I . ] ' I ' . i I ■ i
Lightfool i.J ), Advaui ■ -I Iritl Part II
ii. i
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Theology.
Catholic Directory, 1906, 1/0 net.
Hibbert Journal for January, 2/6 net.
Macalpine (G. \\\), The Days of the Son of Man, ."./
Xisbet's Church Directory anil Almanack, 1906, i; net.
Sermons for the People, Second Series, Vol. II., 1/
Law,
Hudson (A. A.), The Law of Compensation, i vols,, 37/6
Fine Art and Archaeology,
Field (H.)and Bunney (M.), English Domestic Architecture
of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, 42/ net.
Gardner (E. A.), A Handbook of Greek Sculpture, Part 11., .">
Macquoid (P.), A History of English Furniture, Vol. 11.
Part X., 7/6 net.
Mallett (W. E.), An Introduction to Old English Furniture, S
Stein (M. A.), Report of Archaeological Survey Work in the
North-West Frontier Province and Baluchistan, S
Supplementary Papers of the American School of Classical
Studies in Rome, Vol. 1.
Poetry and the Drama.
Early English Dramatists: Six Anonymous Plays, c. I.">10-:i7,
edited by J. S. Farmer : The Dramatic Writings of .John
Heywood, Vol. 1., edited by .J. S. Farmer, 10,6 each.
Political Economy,,
Tariff Commission Report: Vol. II. The Textile Trades,
Part II., 2 li net.
History ami Biography.
Calendar of Patent Rolls: Edward 111., Vol. VHP, 1848-
I860, 16/
Calendar of State Papers and MSS. relating to English
Affairs existing at Venice: Vol. XII., 1610-18, L6
Cassell'a History of the Busso-Japanese War, Vol III.,
10/ net.
Johnson (S.), Lives of the English Poets, edited bv (i. 15.
Hill, :i vols., :u; net.
Lewis (G.), An Oxford Parish Priest, 8/6 net
Mehta (Hon. Sir PherozeBh&h M.I, Speeches and Writings
of, edited bv C. V. Chinlatnaiii, lirs.
Renfrew, A Eiston of, by W. M. Metcalfe.
Sussex, victoria History of the County of , Vol. L, edited by
W. Pag.>, .11 (I
Education.
Schoolmasters fear-Book and Directory, 1906, 6/ net,
Philology.
Anderson (J. <;.), Exercices de Orammaire Francaise, I 8
Arnold's Latin Texts: Vergil, Select Eclogues; Vergil,
Selections from the Georgics ; Ccesar in Britain; Cicero
pro Archia, Bd. each.
Bucolici (incci, edited bv I', dc Wilauiow it/.Moellcndortf,
■1 6
French bj the Direct Method, par llclcne \i\ier, •_• '
New K.ngiisii Dictionary: Reign Reserve, by W. A.
Craigji
Science.
Arber (E. A. N.), Catalogue of the Fos>ii Plants of the
Glossopteris Flora in the Department of Geology,
British Museum, 12 c.
_ ii.-i
^ ■■tin— i.l i. Kaaaya on Evolution ami ll
.1 in ■ i
I HIV l..|.
Ward (II. M i \ Presto Start, l -■
Burke'i Peerage and Baronetage, the Pi ( ancfl.
Knightage and Conipanionagi
Gowpei II H.) I la- \n •■! attack, 10 net
Pottrell (<;j, \Mi iunal L'uiveruitj - l
Medical Direi lory, 1906, u net.
Oliver .v Boyd's Edinburgh Almanack, 1906, 8/6 ni
Posl Office Loudon Director)', 1906, 32 ; Count) suburb-,
l.'. : Directory, with Count) Suburb
Proceedings of tin- United State* n tional Mus-ura,
VoL XXVIII
whitehead (M.X Caleb Troon, 6/
POB1 [OH
Poetry and the Drama.
Cohend) (c.), Visions dUellas, Bfr. 50.
History and Biography.
Castries (Comte H. de), Lea Sources Inedites de 1 Hi-'
• In Maroc, Series 1. VoL L, 1680-1660.
Counson (AA Dante en Prance, 9m.
Ducor(L.), Cinq Ans sons le Hamais, ::fr. 50.
Geography and TraveL
Dubois (M.) et Guy (C), Album Gcograpliiipif : I. I
l.'.fr.
Schaeck (L de), Visions de Guerre: Six Mois en Mand-
chourie, 5ft.
PhUology.
Herwerdeii (II. van). Vindicia- Aristophanes), Sm. 50.
Leeuwen (J. van), Aristophania Pax, ed., "an.
Si-ii-nCf.
1'relat (E.), Questions de Salubrity, 4fr.
<iiii- ml Literature.
Ivray (J. d), Janua Cieli, :jfr. 50.
*„* All bunks received at the office up to Wednesday men
trill be included in this List union previously noted.
THE BOOK SALES OF 1905.
The general result of the book sales held
during 1905 may be summed up in a few
words — an unusual number of scarce and
valuable works, which, however, amounted
to only about seventy all told, these,
of course, being of the highest class ; a
smaller number of middle-class books than
might have been expected ; and the usual
plethora of ordinary everyday volumes.
Books coining within the first division are
for the most part rapidly increasing in value,
and will some day be practically unattain-
able at any price ; those in the second
fluctuate very much, though their general
tendency has lately been downward ; while
the third division embraces that very large
contingent from which libraries can now be
formed at much less cost than would have
been possible a few years ago. It is a
matter for congratulation that the inflated
prices, which at one time appeared almost
prohibitive from the standpoint of the aver-
age collector, have for the most part been
brought within reasonable limits. These
remarks must, of course, be taken cum grano
salis ; for as there are exceptions to every
rule, so it is found on analysis that some
books, though not of unusual importance
from a commercial point of view, continue
to hold their own in the market, and are
just as costly as ever. The vast majority
of these medium-class works have, however,
declined in price very greatly of late, show-
ing in that respect, as in many others, a
marked contrast to the comparatively few
extremely scarce and valuable books of
which 1 have spoken. As these latter stand
in an exceptional position, it may perhaps
be as well to glance at them before proceed-
ing to deal with the various sales in order of
date.
The sensation of the year was undoubtedly
the discovery of a copy of the original edition
of ' Titus Andronicus,' 1594, 4to, and its
ultimate sale to an American collector for
N°4080, Jan. 6, 1906
THE ATHEX.EUM
17
2.000Z. In all probability this amount, large
as it is, would have been considerably ex-
ceeded had the book, or rather pamphlet,
been disposed of by auction in the ordinary
way, for it is, so far as is known, unique.
Langbaine refers to it in his ' Account
of the English Dramatick Poets,' printed
at Oxford in 1691, and says that it was
printed in London in 1594, but that no
copy appeared to be known in his day.
If 1,1501., realized on July 13th for a
not very good copy of the fourth
edition of ' Richard III.,' 1605, 4to, was
reasonable, then 2,000/. for the ' Titus
Andronicus ' was much too little. Prices
paid for other Shakspeareana during the
year prove conclusively that a few hundred
pounds, more or less, is not a matter of
supreme interest in the face of the enormous
competition there is for works of this class.
On July 28th Messrs. Sotheby sold five
' quartos, the property of Mr. George Carring-
ton, of Missenden Abbey. They realized
the following sums : ' Henry IV.,' 1608,
1,000/. ; the second part of the same play,
1605, 500/. ; ' King Lear,' 1608, 900/. ;
« Richard II.,' 1605, 250/. ; and ' The
Merchant of Venice,' 1652, 200/. Not
one of these quartos was immaculate
in condition ; not one belonged to the
original issue ; two were imperfect. On
July 5th Messrs. Sotheby sold for 480/.
' The True Chronicle History of King Leir,'
1605, 4to, the precursor of Shakspeare's
tragedy. The title-page was in facsimile,
and the margins of several leaves had been
repaired. On December 9th, but a few days
ago, the same firm obtained 1,570Z. for a
perfect copy of the exceedingly rare first
edition of ' Much Adoe about Nothing,' 1600,
4to. The Heber copy sold for 18/. ; that
belonging to the Duke of Roxburghe for
2Z. 17s. in 1812. On December 9th, also,
' A Midsommer Nights Dreame,' printed by
James Roberts, 1600 — the first edition,
according to Halliwell-Phillipps — sold for
480Z. (several leaves repaired) ; and on the
19th of the same month the late Sir Henry
Irving's copy of 'Othello,' 1655, 4to, for
200Z. This had been a present from Frank
Marshall to the great actor, and bore a
suitable inscription on the fly-leaf. During
the year a number of other copies of single
plays by Shakspeare realized from 250Z. to
80Z. each, and these, as well as the folios,
will be referred to in their place.
On June 1st the Countess of Pembroke's
' Tragedie of Antonie,' 1595, bound up with
the 1600 edition of Mornay's ' Discourse of
Life and Death,' changed hands at 560Z. ;
and on the 5th of the following month
Caxton's ' Booke called Caton,' 1483, made
1,350Z., and Tyndale's Pentateuch, 1530, the
first edition of any portion of the Old Testa-
ment in the English language, 940Z. This was
an excellent copy, though slightly defective in
several respects. At the same sale Wycliffe's
New Testament, a manuscript on vellum
assigned to the year 1380, and at one time
belonging to the daughter of Sir Thomas
More, realized 550Z. On March 21st 450Z.
was obtained for a rather unusual copy of
' The Countesse of Pembroke's Arcadia,'
1590, 4to. These large amounts are grouped
to emphasize the position already taken up,
viz., that, given books of great rarity occu-
pying an advanced place in the literary world,
hardly any sum is too much to pay for them.
St ill, even these have not yet attained to
the supreme exclusiveness of some of the
incunabula. It will be remembered that
in December. 1904, Fust & Kolioeffer's
great Latin Psalter of 1459, printed upon
vellum, realized no less than 4.000Z., though
a higher price still has been obtained (Syston
Park, 4,950/. Vide The Athenceum, Novem-
ber 26th, 1904, p. 732). To suggest that
books of the kind I have enumerated are
useless, qua books, when in the hands of a
private owner, would be heretical. It were
better to assert roundly that a place on the
shelves of some great public library would be
a more suitable tribute to their importanc e
The first sale of the year was held by
Messrs. Puttick & Simpson on January 11th
and 12th. It was of little interest, except,
perhaps, as disclosing the position then of
the Kelmscott Press. The ' Chaucer ' stood
at 45Z., a price which dropped to 41Z. in July.
All the Kelmscott books have greatly de-
clined in value during the last few years, and
in all probability have not yet touched the
bottom. ' The Golden Legend,' 3 vols., 4to,
has dropped from 10Z. to 5Z. ; the ' Poems
of John Keats,' 1894, from 25Z. to 9Z. ; and
Sir Thomas More's ' Utopia,' 1893, from
8Z. to 3Z. All the books in the long list of
Kelmscott publications - — even those on
vellum, as we shall see hereafter — are appa-
rently under suspicion, and the outlook,
so far as they are concerned, is black in the
extreme. Messrs. Hodgson's catalogue of
January 24th and two following days con-
tained some good books, among them
Gould's ' Mammals of Australia,' 3 vols.,
imperial folio, 1863, 28Z. 10*. (morocco super-
extra) ; Graves and Cronin's ' Works of
Sir Joshua Reynolds,' 4 vols., 1899-1901,
49Z. (half morocco) ; ' Engravings from the
Works of Sir Thomas Lawrence,' published
by H. Graves & Co. in folio without date
(but 1835-44), 20Z. 10s. (ibid.) ; and Smith's
' Generall Historie of Virginia,' 1632, folio,
generally a sound copy, though the maps
had been remargined and mounted, and
several leaves repaired, 26Z. 10s. (morocco
extra). The last sale of the month was
held at Sotheby's on the 25th, 26th, and
27th, and that also was unimportant. A
defective and somewhat imperfect copy of
Peter Martyr's 'Decades of the NeweWorlde,'
1555, 4to, brought 28Z. 10s. (original bind-
ing) ; and Mendoca's ' Historie of the Great
and Mightie Kingdome of China,' translated
by Parke, 1588, 4to, HZ. 15s. (stained, old calf).
The library of the late Marquess of
Anglesey, sold by Messrs. Christie, Manson
& Woods on January 25th and 26th, was
not of any special interest. A large number
of volumes were made up in " parcels." It
may be mentioned, however, that Shaw's
' History and Antiquities of Staffordshire,'
on large paper, 2 vols., folio, 1798-1801,
brought 25Z. 10s. (half-calf, uncut) ; Pyne's
' History of the Royal Residences,' also on
large paper, 1819, folio, 18Z. (half-morocco) ;
Chippendale's ' Gentleman and Cabinet-
Maker's Director,' the third and best edition,
1762, folio, 41Z. (calf) ; and ' Le Sacre de
Louis XV., Roi de France,' 1722, folio,
21Z. 10s. (contemporary morocco, with the
royal arms of France). The sale of Feb-
ruary 8th, and two following days, held at
Hodgson's, was like the vast majority held
during the year : there was very little in
it. The first French edition of ' The
Pilgrim's Progress ' is, however, an im-
portant book, which should, some day, reach
a higher price than 15Z. (vellum). It was
printed at Amsterdam, 1685, 12mo, under the
title ' Voyage d'un Chrestien vers l'Eternite,'
and contains a frontispiece and some plates.
At this sale a copy of Gould's ' Birds of
Great Britain,' 5 vols., royal folio, 1873,
made 51Z. (morocco extra) ; Smith's ' Cata-
logue Raisonne,' 9 vols., 1829-42, 28Z. (cloth,
uncut); and Coverdale's version of the
Bible, printed at Zurich for Andrew Hester
in 1550, 10Z. (old calf). Smith's ' Catalogue
Raisonne,' by the way, has sold on many
occasions lately at about thirty guineas in
cloth. This is something in these degenerate
days, especially where art books are con-
cerned, for most works of that class have
been falling in value for some time.
A collection of books, described in Messrs,
Christie's catalogue of February 14th as-
being the property of Messrs. Lawrie & Co.,
late of New Bond Street, realized 1,1372.;
and as there were no more than 149
lots, this sale would appear, at first
sight, to be of great importance. Most
of the volumes were, however, brought by
one or other of the partners in the late firm
of Lawrie & Co., at prices which cannot be
regarded as furnishing any real test of their
value. They were, no doubt, of exceptional
interest and importance to their late owners,
who accordingly bought them back again
at prices which no casual purchaser would
be inclined to give. On February 15th
some good books were sold at Hodgson's,,
among them Chapman's ' Conspiracie and
Tragedie of Charles, Duke of Byron,' 1608,
4to, 20Z. (calf, a leaf missing) ; the same
author's 'May Day,' 1611, 4to, 27Z. (calf,
stained) ; and ' The Widdowe's Teares,'
1612, 4to, 7Z. 15s. (some head-lines shaved,
calf). Ben Jonson's ' The Alchemist,' 1612,
4to, realized 39Z. (leaf defective) ; and
Sharpham's 'The Fleire,' 1610, 4to, 10/.
(stained, and blank leaf missing). Later
in the month we find Burton's ' Arabian
Nights,' 16 vols., 1885-6, selling for 29Z. ;
Louis XIV. 's own copy of the Biblia Sacra,
Paris, 1653, 4to, 13Z. 5s. ; Beaumont and
Fletcher's ' Comedies and Tragedies,' 1647,
folio, 24Z. 10s. (morocco extra, portrait
partly inlaid); Fletcher's 'The Elder
Brother,' 1637, 4to, with the title in capitals,
thus showing the first issue, 12Z. 15s.
(morocco extra) ; and Herrick's ' Hes-
perides,' 1648, 8vo, 20Z. 10s. (defective).
A copy in half-calf of that very scarce work
'The Sporting Repository,' 1822, with 19
coloured plates by Berenger and Aiken,
realized 30Z. As much as 80Z. has been
obtained for a clean example in the original
boards. The late Mr. William Morris had
the first edition in Italian of the ' Hypnero-
tomachia ' of Poliphilus, 1545, folio, and at
his sale in December, 1898, it sold for 31Z.
The same book now brought 14Z. 5s., thus
disclosing a great falling away. The truth
is that this Italian edition is not of much
importance, the woodcuts being copied from
those appearing in the Latin edition of 1499,
the one usually inquired for.
March opened badly, and it is not until
we come to Mr. Wickham Flower's library,
sold at Sotheby's on March 8th and threo
following days, that anything noticeable
occurs. Mr. Flower's collection realized
2,500Z. for the 910 lots, the prices being very
evenly distributed. Bacon's ' Advancement
of Learning,' 1605, 4to, brought 19Z. (morocco
extra) ; Chaucer's 'Works,' 1542, folio, 34/.
(old calf) ; ' La Divina Commedia,' printed
at Venice in 1477, containing for the first
time the Commentary of Benvenuto da
Imola, 50Z. (russia gilt) ; Higden's ' Poly-
chronicon,' printed at Southwark in 1527,
folio, 29Z. ; Lord Lilford's ' Birds of the
British Islands,' 7 vols., 1891-7, royal 8vo,
50Z. (half-morocco) ; and Ventenat's ' Jardin
de Malmaison,' 1803, imperial folio, 27Z.
(russia extra). One or two other horti-
cultural books appeared at this sale, as,
for instance, Jacquin's ' Icones riantaruni
Rariorum,' 3 vols., 1781-93, royal folio,
301. ; and the Bame author's ' Plantarum
Rariorum Horti Ca-sarei Selioenbrunnensis
Descriptio,' 4 vols., 1797-1804, imperial
folio, 28/. iOa. The Avlesford copy of
Redoute's 'Los Liliacees/ s vols.. 1802-16,
now brought 75/.. as against 47/. in 1888-
Both copies were bound in morOCCO extra.
J. Hi kihkt Slater.
18
A T II E \ -K U M
S 1080, Jan. 6, L906
I ll K ETYMOLOGY OF " BO 1ST."
At hist wt have it ! Tin- probable origin
<if thf word ifl well worked out in the ' New
English I >i<t iDiiutN .' when- the oorrecl result
in practically arrived »t. Dr. Murray shows
thut phonetic oonsiderations connect it
"with an (). French *boster ; but of this no
trace has been found."
1 have not found it in continental
French; but it occurs in Anglo - French,
which is still moic to the point. It is true
that I have only found the substantive bost ;
but this suffices.
In the treatise of Walter de Bibbesworth
(or Bibsworth), as printed in T. Wright's
volume of 'Vocabularies,' p. 161, we find a
passage which appears as nonsense by the
omission of two fines : —
on de coj let primerole
K> par boat de frivole
K par knyiicl on \\role
Here frivole is glossed by ydel wordes, and
the phrase " par bost de frivole " means
" by a boast [consisting of] idle words," i.e.,
by a frivolous boast.
There is a better copy in MS. Gg. I, 1, in
the Cambridge University Library. It
supplies the two missing lines : —
On ile quiller primerole
Pur fere cbapeua a clem descole,
Ki par bott qui ne uaut friuole,
K par kiiyuet nu virole,
Souent ISeuentyj attrere femme fole ;
i.e., " Or to gather primroses, to make
chaplets for clerks of the school, who by
means of a boast which is not worth a trifle,
and by [a present of] a little knife or a
ferrule, know how to attract a foolish
woman." Chaucer is our witness that
knives were acceptable presents to the ladies.
In both MSS. the A.-F. bost may be fairly
translated by "boast"; and thus the long-
lost word is found.
We sadly need a new edition of Walter de
Bibsworth, with a collation of all the MSS.,
and including all the numerous glosses. I
may add that Bibsworth was situate in
Hertfordshire. Walter W. Skeat.
i in: N BAR OF MRS. HEMANS - BIR1 H
ll.llllp-lC.Kl.
Tm: year of Mrs. Hemans's birth has
been a subject of controversy. EL Pi
Chorley, in his ' Memorials, ' makes it l T'M :
but Mrs. Bexnans's sister gives it, as L793,
and is followed by the 'Dictionary of
National Biography. It now seems possible
to decide the question definitely in favour
of 1793, by a note in .Mr. John Kughi
recently published ' Liverpool Hanks aud
Bankers' (p. 80). Alter mentioning the
failure of Charles Caldwell & Co., Mr.
Hughes subjoins : —
"Among the clients of C. Caldwell & Co. was
the til Ml of Brow lie. BrOWTJ ft Co., the senior of
whom Was the father of Felicia Dorothea Browne,
afterwards Mrs. Heinans. Browne k Brown were
extensive holders of cotton, and came to grief.
The assets of the firm, and the furniture and n -i
deuces of the partners were sold by auction. At
the very time the Brownea were removing furni-
ture from their house in Duke Street the future
Mrs. Hemans was born, and her infelicitous
arrival was a source of inconvenience to the
incoming owner, Cornelius Bourne."
The bankruptcy of Caldwell & Co. was
gazetted on March 30th, 1793, and it may
be taken as certain that their clients' failure
must have occurred in the same year.
Felicia Hemans's birthday was September
25th, within four days of Michaelmas Day,
a likely time for a removal.
R. Garnett.
CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE BIBLIOGRAPHY.
The bibliography of Marlowe affixed to
my memoir of the poet was mainly compiled
for my own use and information. Whilst
cordially supporting Mr. J. Le Gay
Brereton's wish to see a fuller one, let me at
once explain that, being neither a librarian
nor a professional bibliographer, such a
work is outside the scope of my literary
labours. Sucli an inclusive production
as that foreshadowed by the notanda
kindly sent me by Mr. Brereton appears
needlessly voluminous; his list includes
some items already dealt with in
my catalogue; poems, such as Mrs.
Browning's ' Vision of Poets,' containing a
few words of reference to Marlowe ; one or
two newspaper references to the trumpery
Canterbury memorial, which I ignored pur-
posely ; some foreign and colonial entries
not discoverable in the British Museum
catalogues consulted by me; and some
works published since my bibliography was
compiled. Of the sundry items above
enumerated only the last 'two appear to
need permanent record. Leaving this, how-
ever, to the discretion of the suggested
compiler, I may be permitted to repeat here
these words from my own tentative effort :
" This is the first Bibliography that has ever
been published of the Works of Christopher
Marlowe. It cannot be expected that it is
exhaustive, but it will afford a good basis for
any further effort in the same direction."
John H. Ingram.
CAMPION AND MR, PAUL.
31, Farm Street, \V.
May I be permitted to protest against the
grave and gratuitous charge brought against
a man of acknowledged good name by Mr.
Herbert Paul in his ' Life of Froude ' ? He
states that the well-known Jesuit Edmund
Campion, " who is regarded by thousands of
good men and women as a martyr," came
to England "to assassinate Elizabeth if
opportunity should serve " (p. 140). " To
him the removal of Elizabeth would have
been a religious act" (p. 141). For these
allegations — which have never been brought
against Campion before — not one word of
proof is offered.
The gravity of the accusation is at once
obvious, and its gratuitousness will be plain
to any one who has read the life of Campion
— that, for instance, in the ' Dictionary of
National Biography,' or even the account of
him given by Froude. Froude made no
such suggestion ; on the contrary, he wrote
of the great missionary with not a little
respect and appreciation, and his narrative,
despite its faults, will serve to correct the
grosser mistakes of Mr. Paul.
But it is of the charge of readiness to
murder alone with which I am now con-
cerned. We have no courts of law to which
we can carry a question of historical
justice ; but, when a notable injury has
been committed, we may, and should, appeal
to public opinion. Mr. Paul has addressed
his book to a literary audience. It remains
to be seen whether the literary opinion of
our day, slow though it may be to speak,
will condone or condemn his reckless,
injurious words. J. H. Pollen, S.J.
ICitrranj Qfossip,
We are very glad to hear that the new
editor of The Gentleman's Magazine is to
be Mr. A. H. Bullen, under whose manage-
ment the paper will return to its high
scholarly traditions. A pilot more skilful
and oapabk it ooi easily found. Ai in
early days, much attention will be given
to literary and antiquarian ■ • h.
The editorial officei will he at IT I
Russell Street, W.C
Miss Ai.k i. < I Q known as
the author of ' A Latei PepyS,' ha- in I I
a memoir of Bin. Elizabeth Cart
the tranalatoi <>f Bpictetus, the friend of
Dr. Johnson, and a prominent member of
the Has Bleu Society. In writing this
biography Mi>s GaUSSOU has had the aid
of .Mr. Brudenell Garter, a descendant of
Mrs. Carter. The book will be fully illu--
trated, and will be published by Messrs.
Smith, Elder & Co., under the title of ' A
Woman of Wit and Wisdom,' about the
centenary of Mrs. Carter's death, which (
occurred on February 19th, 1806.
Mr. Unwin has arranged to publish a
volume by .Mrs. Mona Caird, entitled
' Wanderings in Provence.' It contains a
series of word-sketches of some of the
most romantic places in that region, and
the historical associations are related at
length, considerable space being given to
the troubadours. The book will be illus-
trated from drawings by Mr. Joseph
Pennell and Mr. Edward Synge.
A good many people know Mr. Charles
M. Dought}T as the author of a remarkable
book, ' Travels in Arabia Deserta ' (Cam-
bridge, University Press). It is therefore
interesting to learn that Messrs. Duck-
worth will publish immediately two
volumes of a poem by Mr. Doughty,
entitled ' The Dawn in Britain.'
Under the title ' School and Sport,'
the life experiences of a head master of
one of our public schools will be given in
a work by Mr. Tom Collins. It is an-
nounced by Mr. Elliot Stock for immediate
publication.
Prebendary Frederick Meyrick,
rector of Blickling, whose death occurred
last Wednesday, was a well-known Oxford
! man, whose ' Memories ' of life there and
elsewhere we noticed at length on June
17th of last year. He was in the thick of
the Oxford Movement, and all his life
revelled in theological controversy, to the
literature of which he contributed largely,
at times with a ferocity which seems
beyond excuse. He was further, as we
\ said in our notice of his ' Memories,' " a
| wide traveller, accomplished linguist, and
| practised disputant." He
I " wrote on the Church of Spain, on the
morality of Liguori, on Italian clerical
1 legends, on Vaticanism, on Irish Church
missions. A staunch upholder of the
: English Church, as at once Catholic and
] Protestant, primitive and reformed, he set
up an Anglo-Continental Societj' for the
enlightenment of foreign Catholics, and co-
operafced vigorously with Dr. Dollinger in
his protests against Papal infallibility."
The wonder is that so able and accom-
plished a man never secured promotion in
the Church, but he lost touch with his
friend the late Lord Salisbury when he
voted for Gladstone at Oxford in 1865.
In the January number of The Scottish
Historical lu ri< w Mr. Andrew Lang begins
a fully illustrated paper on the portraits
N° 4080, Jan. fi, 1900
THE ATHENiEUM
19
of Mary, Queen of Scots. Prof. Hume
Brown also contributes from fresh stand-
points an estimate of the historical
achievement and place of the Scots
nobility.
Mrs. Paget Toynbee's edition of the
« Lettres familieres de Madame du Deffand
a Horace Walpole..' and Dr. Toynbee's
' Vocabulary and Phrase - Book of the
Italian Works of Dante,' which were
originally announced for publication by
the Clarendon Press, will be published by
Messrs. Methuen. Mrs. Toynbee's work
will be in French throughout, as it is
anticipated that there will be a demand
for the book in France. There have been
five or six French editions of the selected
letters published by Miss Berry in 1810,
and the announcement of the recovery of
the remainder, which, it was supposed, had
been destroyed, has aroused considerable
interest.
An edition in twenty volumes of the
complete works of Thoreau, shortly to
be issued by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin
& Co., will include his ' Journal,' edited
by Mr. Bradford Torrey, most of which
has not hitherto been published. The
issue is to be known as the " Manuscript
Edition," from the fact that each of the
six hundred sets will contain a page of
original manuscript. There will also be a
hundred photogravures from views taken
by Mr. Herbert W. Gleason.
We notice the death at an advanced
age of Dean Carrington, rector of Bock-
j ing, who was the author of several trans-
lations from the French, the latest collec-
tion of which, ' An Anthology of French
Poetry (Tenth to Nineteenth Centuries),'
we reviewed at some length in 1901. His
renderings of Victor Hugo's poems had
reached a third edition. He wrote verse
with ease, and sometimes with grace, but
his work suffered by his conscientious
resolve to be literal at all costs.
Mrs. Carey Brock, who died on
December 30th, was well known as a
writer of books for children. Her ' Sunday
Echoes in Weekday Hours ' in particular
were much read by an earlier generation.
Messrs. Sothebv, Wilkinson & Hodge
will sell on the 19th inst. the fine collec-
tion of book-plates formed by the late
James Roberts Browft, one of the founders
of the Ex-Libris Society. His collection
is probably the most extensive of its kind
which has yet appeared in the auction-
room. Fifteen of the lots comprise over
10,000 plates, and each of these lots forms
by itself a reasonably good collection.
Many of the earlier plates are excessively
rare ; and the long series of American
plates includes many very scarce examples,
The collection is arranged in 346 lots,
among which are all the English books on
the subject of book-plates.
University College, London, an-
nounces a course of introductory lectures
on ' Phonetics, with Special Reference to
English Speech Sounds,' by Dr. R. A.
Williams, during the second and third
terms, on Monday afternoons. The in-
augural lecture on the 15th inst. will
treat of the history of phonetics as a
branch of science.
Other lectures at the same place, of
interest to the literary world, are on
' Shakspeare's Plays,' by Assistant Pro-
fessor Chambers (time to be arranged);
' History of English Poetry,' by Prof.
Ker, continued course beginning on Janu-
ary 16th, and on the same day the begin-
ning of a course on Icelandic by the same
scholar. Prof. Brandin continues his
course on ' French Satire in the Middle
Ages ' on February 7th, begins ' Bertrand
de Born,' a course on Provencal, on Janu-
ary 17th, and starts public lectures on
Racine andMoliere on the 27th. Principal
Gregory Foster is dealing with ' Some
Topics in Middle English Literature '
(time to be arranged), and beginning
public lectures on ' English Literature,
mainly Shakspeare,' on the 27th. Prof.
Robertson begins a course on Goethe's
' Balladen ' on the 22nd ; and Prof.
Priebsch announces for the 17th the
beginning of a course on ' Der Nibelunge
Not,' while he begins public lectures on
Goethe and Schiller on the 27th.
Mrs. William Sharp writes to us from
21, Woronzow Road, St. John's Wood,
N.W. :—
" I intend to write a memoir of my hus-
band, and shall feel greatly indebted for the
loan of any letters or other documents likely
to be of service, whether of a personal
nature, or relative to his work as William
Sharp or Fiona Macleod. Owners may rest
assured that every care will be taken with
the letters, &c, and that they shall be re-
turned in due time."
News from Melbourne announces the
death of Victor Daley, the well-known
Australian poet, author of, inter alia, ' At
Dawn and Dusk,' a book of distinct
promise. The Daily Chronicle is in error,
however, in stating that he wrote also
' Fair Girls and Gray Horses,' which was
published at Sydney in 1901, and was
the work of the Scottish poet Mr. Will H.
Ogilvie.
We have received a paragraph con-
cerning " that peculiar richness, glow of
colour, and remarkable word-painting
which signals out from all other
English writers." We leave the name of
the author a blank, and do not see how
any competent critic could guess it. The
futility of such sweeping statements ought
to be evident, but we are sorry to see that
they are taken for granted and printed by
people who ought to know better. And
we should have thought that the resultant
disappointment after reading such
" masterpieces " would make the public
cautious about buying books so belauded,
and that in the long run wild overpraise
of forthcoming volumes would not be a
good advertisement. The spread of Book
Clubs will, presumably, have this advan-
tage, that it will increase the reading
public, a class which ought to have, and,
doubtless, has (when it thinks at all)
enough intelligence not to be humbugged
easily more than once or twice.
The Paris Figaro has resumed a feature
which was exceedingly popular with its
readers some ten or fifteen years ago — a
literary supplement. This is issued gratis
with its Saturday number, and the
management have wisely decided to accept
subscriptions for this particular issue,
which is under the management of M.
Francis Chevassu. Its careful and
discriminate editing ought to recommend
it to English readers interested in the
trend of French literary matters.
" Claude Farrere," the author of ' Les
Civilises,' the Goncourt Prize volume un-
favourably reviewed by us last week, is a
naval officer. A previous novel by him
dealt with the opium-smoking habits of a
small number of French naval officers who
have been employed in the Far East ; and
his new book is not likely to add to his
popularity with his comrades.
The death, in his fifty - eighth year,
is reported from Karlsruhe of Robert
Haas, professor at the technical Hoch-
schule of that town, and author of the
well-known ' Lieder und Bilder vom
Schwarzwald,' &c.
Recent Parliamentary Papers include
a reprint of the Poor Law Commissioners'
Report of 1834 (Is. Sd.) ; Report on
Sanitary Measures in India, 1903-4
(Is. Sd.) ; Statistical Tables relating to
British Colonies, Possessions, and Pro-
tectorates, 1903 (Is.) ; National Educa-
tion Commission, Ireland, Appendix to
the Seventy-First Report (Is. 3d.) ; and
List of Evening Schools under the Ad-
ministration of the Board of Education,
1903-4 (6d.).
It is with pleasure that we draw atten-
tion to a change in our imprint, Mr. J.
Edward Francis receiving official recog-
nition as acting with Mr. John C. Francis,
who succeeded his father in the manage-
ment of the paper in 1882. John Francis
had been manager since 1831.
SCIENCE
The Great Plateau. By Capt. C. G. Raw-
ling. (Arnold.)
The latter and more important half of
this volume describes the Gartok expedi-
tion, which formed the closing passage in
the history of our operations in Tibet in
1904. The Indian Government originally
intended, on the cessation of hostilities,
and as soon as the Tibetans had come to
a reasonable frame of mind, to send out
several exploring parties for the purpose
of clearing up unsolved geographical
problems. Undoubtedly the most in-
teresting of these projects was that for
establishing in an irrefutable manner the
identity of the Sanpu and the Brahma-
putra, by sending a surveying party down
the course of the great Tibetan river until
it should reach Assam. But this inten-
tion was abandoned, mainly because the
Tibetan officials declared that their
authority would not be recognized by
the fierce independent tribes occupying
the valley as it approached the Indian
frontier. The same objection, how-
ever, did not apply to sending a small
20
Til E A 'I'll KN.K1' M
N°4080, Jan. 6, 1906
party up the Sanpu, which could accom-
plish the geographical task of tracing a
considerable and unknown portion of the
upper course of that river, while at the
saint time it performed the political part
of its mission in opening Gartok, the so-
called capital of Western Tibet, to our
trade under the terms of the Treaty of
Lhasa. The arrangements made for the
safety and comfort of this parly were
marked by good faith, and reflected most
creditably on the honour of the Lhasa
ruling conclave and the hospitality of the
Tibetan people.
Capt. Rawling, who had previously
explored much of the region north of
Rudok, in Western Tibet, of which he
gives an interesting account in the first
portion of his book, was entrusted with
the command of this expedition, and two
Royal Engineer officers, Capts. C. H. D.
Ryder and H. Wood, were appointed to
■carry out the surveying work, which pro-
vided much of interest and importance
in a fresh field. Capt. Ryder had pre-
viously done excellent work in China, and
he subsequently received the Patron's
Gold Medal of the Geographical Society
for his services to science on this very
journey. Capt. Wood is well known for
his visit to Nepal for the express purpose
of establishing the claims of Mount
Everest to rank as the loftiest mountain
in the world. The fourth English officer
wTas Lieut. Bailey, who had worked hard
in acquiring some knowledge of Tibetan,
and was thus qualified to act as inter-
preter. Hospital Assistant Hira Singh had
charge of the medical arrangements, and
not merely looked after the health of the
expedition, but also attended to the cases
of countless Tibetan patients who presented
themselves for treatment throughout the
journey. The trusty Goorkha Ram Singh
(who had accompanied the author on his
first tour), two trained surveyors, and
five sepoys of the 8th Goorkha Regiment
completed the party. The drivers were a
miscellaneous assortment, including one
Chinaman ; but they worked well together
under the command of a Ladaki who had
travelled with Sir F. Younghusband.
We do not propose to attempt here
a summary of this most interesting
journey in a comparatively unknown
region. The reader in search of novelty
will hardly fail to obtain a book of
travel among people who for the most
part had never seen a European before,
and Capt. Rawling's modest narrative
will be found full of interest and
variety.
The story begins well with the interview
with the Tashi Lama at Tashi Lhumpo —
the Teshi Lumbo of Bogle and Turner.
Nor is its conclusion, including an admir-
able account of the ruined ancient capital
of some unknown dynasty at Tooling, with
its cantilever bridge across the Sutlej, less
interesting.
The only part that is disappointing —
and that through no fault of the author —
is the account of Gartok, the trade mart
which was to be opened by our treaty. There
the travellers found "three good -sized
houses and twelve miserable hovels." It
is said that this place is busier in summer,
when it assumes the aspect of a Tartar
encampment; but the amount of trade
that will over be done in this region can-
not be great, unless the goldfields of Ante-
lope Plain and Manasarowar become an
Asiatic Klondyke. .Manasarowar is the
holy lake of the Tibetans and also of the |
Hindus. Some of the Hindus with the
party secured bottles of its water, which
they secreted about their persons for con-
veyance to India. Within the radius of a
few miles round the lake are the sources
of four of the greatest rivers in the world
— the Indus, Brahmaputra (Sanpu), Sutlej,
and Ganges. The exact source of the
Indus is still unascertained, but that of the
Sutlej was fixed by Capt. Ryder on this
expedition. A still more interesting fea-
ture in the scenery of this remote portion
of Tibet is the holy mountain Kailas
Parbat, with its snowy crest. Capt.
Rawling writes : —
" Kailas Parbat is by far the largest and
highest of the many pinnacles that tower up
in the sky from the range of mountains
which lies to the north of the Manasarowar
Lake ; its summit rises over 22,000 feet
above sea-level, or some 7,000 feet above
the surrounding plain. Figures as a rule
convey but a vague idea to the general
mind, and it is indeed difficult to place
before the mental vision a true picture of
this most beautiful mountain. In shape it
resembles a vast cathedral, the roof of
which, rising to a ridge in the centre, is
otherwise regular in outline and covered
with eternal snow. Below this so-called
roof the sides of the mountain are perpen-
dicular and fall sheer for hundreds of feet,
the strata horizontal, the layers of stone
varying slightly in colour, and the dividing
lines showing up clear and distinct. At
the foot of these Titanic walls a number of
caves are said to exist, and dark and gloomy
ravines lie on either side, while from the
neighbouring and lesser hills rise numberless
pinnacles and slender spires of rock. Won-
derful is the appearance of this mountain
in the early morning, wdien its roof of spot-
less snow is touched by the rising sun and
changed in hue to a soft but vivid pink,
whilst the ravines below still hold the
blackness of the night. As the light
increases so do the mighty walls heighten
in colour and form a happy contrast to
the blue waters of Manasarowar, rippling
in the morning breeze, changing gradually
as one gazes from purple to brightest blue.
No wonder, then, that this spot is believed
by Hindus and Mahomedans alike to be
the home of all the gods ; to them it is
the Holy Mountain, and the most sacred
spot on earth."
We have referred to the complete success
of the arrangements made by the Tibetans
for the comfort and safety of the party.
Not a single unpleasant incident marred
the journey, and the author speaks in the
most cordial terms of the whole people.
This friendliness must be considered as
very remarkable so soon after a sangui-
nary and bitter campaign, and we may
describe it as auspicious now that all pos-
sibility of further warfare in Tibet, so far
as we are concerned as aggressors, seems
removed. One little fact will reveal how
anxious the Tibetans were to please. All
the letters for India and England posted,
or rather handed to the Tibetan authori-
ties en route for dispatch, reached their
destination absolutely intact, and without
a single miscarriage. It is only after read-
ing Capt. Rawling's narrative of his ex-
periences among this people, attractive
despite their dirt, that his statements that
"Tibet has an irresistible fascination for
the man who has once travelled in the
country," and that " before many months
have passed the longing to see it once
more returns with redoubled force," will
be fully understood. The difficulty in
getting into and out of Tibet is no obstacle :
it rather adds zest to the spirit with which
the journey is undertaken.
The Romance of Insect Life. By Edmund
Selous. (Seeley & Co.) — Mr. Edmund Selous
possesses a well-merited reputation as an
original observer of animal life ; his ' Bird-
Watching ' fully established that position ;
it may therefore come as a considerable
surprise to his readers and admirers toAnnd
him now engaged in another field, for
the present volume is admittedly nearly a
pure compilation, and when he draws con-
clusions, as such an original writer cannot
fail to do, they are based on statements
made by others and published elsewhere.
Mr. Selous among the birds he knows so
well, which he can observe so intelligently,
and concerning which he writes so tersely,
is another author altogether from Mr. Selous
taking observations at second hand that
will provide material for a volume on insect
life. A great responsibility rests upon pub-
lishers ; they may, and often doubtless do,
sustain a heavy loss by printing a bad book,
but on the other hand many an author's
reputation has been ruined by their incite-
ment to the writer of a successful book to
produce others quickly. At first the pub-
lisher risks his capital ; subsequently, and
too frequently, an author gambles with his
name. An excellent field ornithologist is
not necessarily an authority on insects.
Mr. Selous states that there are some
" 300,000 known insects " or species, and
it might be added that these perhaps
constitute only about one-tenth of those
that really exist, so that this field for an
observer is almost unlimited, while some
of the most difficult problems in the Lives
of animals may be solved by a real know-
ledge of their habits and sense percep-
tions. Are they automata ? We regard
them otherwise, and so apparently does
Mr. Selous, but it is only by patient and
prolonged observations, and the repetition
of many already recorded, that any advance
will be made in a knowledge of what is
styled 'The Romance of Insect Life.'
We seem to have reached the plane in
our study of animal life for the advent of
a zoological Gibbon. We want both the
man and his life-work to give us a scientific
narrative of other animals than man brought
tip to the level of our present knowledge,
detailing the growth of the study, the
various conceptions that have helped and
obstructed it, and the assimilation of the
vast store of facts, fancies, and theories
which lie buried in the pages of at least a
thousand journals and in a far greater
number of books. What we generally
obtain with every fresh publishing season
is a series of books which have been derived
from previous volumes, and will subse-
quently serve for a similar process. While
we starve for adequate zoological observa-
tions, we are surfeited with zoological
publications.
N° 4080, Jan. 6, 1906
THE ATHENJEUM
21
Mr. Selous has produced an interesting
volume, though the writings on which he
has largely drawn — as acknowledged at the
termination of each chapter — are few in
number and of unequal merit ; but the
general reader will doubtless obtain con-
siderable information on the habits of
insects, and, what is more, can read these
pages without effort, for there is a charming
absence of technicalities. However, we
scarcely expected to read about scorpions
and centipedes among insects, and Mr.
Selous is, in one instance, certainly mis-
leading. While following Mr. Buckton in
applying the name Cicada? to the British
Homoptera — a matter of opinion — he has
gone further, and speaks about Cicadas in
England, whereas there is only one species
of Cicada found in this country. This is
equivalent to calling all birds pheasants
which are included in the Phasianidse.
Among misprints we notice " Bell " for Belt,
and " Orthoptera " for Ornithoptera.
Nature through Microscope and Camera.
By Richard Kerr. With 65 Photo-micro-
graphs by Arthur E. Smith. (Religious
Tract Society.) — In a literary sense this is
scarcely a book at all ; its contents are
too chaotic, its subject-matter being without
definite plan or sequence. The photo-
micrographs are all that can be desired,
and Mr. Smith may be congratulated on
his work ; but the letterpress, which is
very largely a compilation, will, we fear,
repel ordinary readers by its frequent use
of technical terms, while it will be regarded
as somewhat jejune by the better-informed
naturalist.
The volume opens with an introduction
by Dr. G. Sims Woodhead, and is of a quasi-
theological character ; it apparently regards
" religion " and " theology " as convertible
terms, applies the argument of design to
some who may find that the study of natural
science has a tendency to render them " less
earnest in their study of religion," and appears
to have been written without an impression
that science is widening the religious con-
ceptions of a large number of its students,
even if their standpoint is of a somewhat
anti-dogmatic character. But why is this
question raised ? It is not usual to preface
theological publications by an apology to
the teachings of organic evolution, and why
need this very harmless recital of micro-
scopical revelations require such a prudential
" send-off " ? Then we have the author's
introduction, which contains the reflections
of a modern Cassandra, and we are told
" there are too many places of amusement
in our cities, too many trashy and per-
nioious novels read in our free libraries,
too much time given to games, both in the
upper and in the lower classes," &c, after
which we are glad to arrive at ' Nature
through Microscope and Camera.'
The subjects chosen for illustration are
of great biological diversity, ranging from
fossil Radiolaria to human hair, from
sections of wheat-stems to a piece of silk.
To do justice to such themes more space
would be required than is given to the
letterpress, while the first-hand knowledge
absolutely necessary for such work may be
estimated by a reference to the learned
simplicity of style in Huxley's classical
lecture on a piece of chalk. Without any
disrespect to the author, we are bound to
say that the impression derived from his
pages is that of having attended an ordinary
lecture illustrated with some beautiful
screen-illustrations.
Nebula to Man. By Henry R. Knipe.
(Dent & Co.) — Geology is, perhaps, of all
branches of natural science the most poetical,
yet the geologist is usually wise enough to
restrain himself from expressing his reflec-
tions in verse. The author of this large
and handsome volume has, however, taken
a different course. His object has been to
give a popular sketch of the history of the
earth and its inhabitants from the stand-
point of evolution ; and for this praise-
worthy purpose he has, strangely enough,
deemed it expedient to use verse. His
verses are printed in good type on excellent
paper, and profusely illustrated, forming
a quarto worthy of the drawing-room.
There are, indeed, no fewer than seventy-
one full-page illustrations, of which many
are in colours, most of them being restora-
tions of vanished forms of life. It is not
easy to make a restoration that shall please
a palaeontologist, but many of these are
admirable, and reflect much credit on Mr.
Smit, Miss Alice Woodward, and the other
artists. Such attempts to resuscitate tin-
life of the past serve to give reality to the
student's reading, and when made with
sufficient scientific knowledge are distinctly
useful. It may be doubted, however,
whether our data are sufficiently full to
justify the restoration of Pithecanthropus,
and perhaps this might well have been
omitted. As to the text, it is not easy to
pick out a passage which shall do full
justice to the author, but the following
description of some of the Pliocene mammals
may be cited : —
Hippopotami now breathe Europa's air.
Coming at least to spend their summers here.
Gone seem the dinothers to their long home,
But on the scene have elephants now come.
And in their ranks some bulky forms we see,
Forerunners of the mammoths, soon to be.
Some mastodons still here their way pursue.
Though yielding is this " old school " ti> the new.
Rhinoceroses here and there still roam.
Though some, perchance, as visitors but come.
Antelope seem now unable to retain
Their old hold here : but though this branch may wane.
More hopeful does the outlook seem to be
For other branches of the family.
It is long since we saw verse of such poor
quality. As there are upwards of five
thousand lines more or less like these, tra-
cing the history of the earth from the primi-
tive fiery mist to the modern period, we can
hardly blame the reader if he closes the
portly quarto before he has gone the whole
round from nebula to man.
SOCIETIES.
Society of Antiquaries. % Dec. 14. - Prof.
Gowland, V.P., in the chair. Sir John Evans road
a note on a new Palaeolithic locality in Herts.
He also exhibited a gold ring found in Herts, in-
scribed + wel : WERE : him : that : wiste : -4- ro :
whom : in-: : mights : TBISTE, and a fine gilt-bronze
Anglo-Saxon brooch found at Tuxford, Notts.
Mr. W. Dale read a paper on the character and
forms of implements of the Palaeolithic age from
the neighbourhood of Southampton^ which was
illustrated by a fine series of specimens. The Rev.
J. L. Thorold, through Mr. J. A. B. Karslake,
exhibited a painted wooden box of the fifteenth
century from Warkleigh Church, Devon, which
had apparently been converted in Queen Mary's
reign into a temporary tabernacle for the reserved
sacrament. Mr. A. J. Gopeland exhibited an early
sixteenth-century boss charged with a mitre and a
•small armorial pendant, both found near Canter-
bury.
Aristotelian. Dec. 18. Prof . G. Dawes Hicks,
V.V., in the chair. The Rev. ('•. Margolioutb was
elected a Member. Mr. <;. K. Moore road a paper
on • The Mature and Reality of Objects of Per-
ception.' He said that we all believe in the exist
once of other persons, having thoughts, reelings,
and perceptions similar to our own, although we
cannot observe any psyohioal states except our
own. What reason have we for this belief! We
have none, unless we have reason to believe thai
the existence ol certain of the data which we do
observe is regularly oonnected with the existenoe
.it certain particular psychical states in other
people. And for such beliefs, again, no one has
any reason unless his own observations give him
a reason for some such belief. But his observation
of his own psychical state- can give him no reason
for any such belief. And hence, if we have any
reason at all for believing in the existence of other
eras, it must be tru of the data
which we observe, other than our own psychical
states, do really exist. It must be true, that is
to say, that some of the '" sensible qualities " which
we perceive do really exist in the places which they
seem to occupy. And the same conclusion holds
also with regard to every kind of material object
or event : no one has any reason to believe in the
existence of any such object or event unless it is
true that some of the "sensible qualities." which
he actually sees (or perceives in any other way) do
really exist in the positions which they appear to
occupy. rTor is there (as has been hastily assumed
by almost every philosopher) any fatal objection
to the theory that what we actually see does some-
times exist. All the supposed objections assume
that twodifferent qualities cannot both exist in the
same place in the same time. But (1) it is quite
possible that, in some eases, two or more different
qualities may exist in the same place at the same
time; and (2) even in those cases where we may
have reason to believe that two different "sensible
qualities" cannot both exist in the same place at the
same time, it remains possible that one of them
exists there, though the other docs not — The paper
was followed bv a discussion.
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Max.
Tons.
Wkd.
Turns
Kit i.
Royal Academy, 4.—' Drav Prof. G Clausen.
Condon Institution, - st": a stu.ly
in Present-Day Problems,' Mi w r
Asiatic, 4.—' The Inscription on the PiprSwS Relic Vase,' Mr.
• i- F. Fleet.
Institution of Civil Engineers, 8. — 'The Elimination of storm-
Water from s. ■■■ - ms, Mr I> '.'. Lloyd-Davies ;
' The Elimination ofSuspendi - idal Matters
from Sewage, Lieut. -Col. A. Stowell Jones and .Mr. W. Owen
Travis.
Geological, 8.— ' The Clay-with-Flints : its Origin and Distri-
bution, Mr A J Jukes-Browne; 'Footprints bom the
Permian of Mansfield, Nottinghi mshire. Mi G. Sickling.
Royal Academy, 4.- 'Drawing, Lecture II., Prof . G. Clausen
London institution, 6. 'Richard Strauss and his Works,'
Prof. E Markham Lee
Institution oi Electrical Engineers, 8. Discussion on 'The
Charing Cross C patty's City of London Works.'
Astronomii ■
[nstituti t < ml Engi il Machines,
Prof. .1. I>. Cormack St iting.i
Philological F 'Notes on 'I ! ■ Owl and Nightingale,"' Mr.
J. W. II. Ukins
^rinirr (Gossip.
Although Mr. C. T. Yerkes, like Mr. J.
Lick, was in no sense an astronomer or man
of science, his recent death will be mentioned
in all astronomical publications, as he was
the founder of the magnificent Yerkes Obser-
vatory, the great telescope which has the
largest objective in the world, its diameter
exceeding by 4 inches that of the 3o-inch
telescope at the Lick Observatory on Mount
Hamilton. The erection of the Yerkes
Observatory was began about ten years
ago. and * was virtually completed in
1897. The site is near Williams Bay, on
Lake Geneva, in Wisconsin, about 75 miles
from Chicago, to the University of which
it belongs. This is not the place to dwell
upon the important results obtained there
under the direction of Trot. Hale, who was
awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal
Astronomical Society in 1904.
The young Danish Arctic explorer Capt.
Mikkelsen lias now secured the funds neces-
sary for his proposed exploration of the
Beaufort Sea, through the assistance ol the
Royal Geographical Society and Mr. William
Beinemann,
The endowment fund now being raised
for the family of the late Trot'. <;. B. Howes,
F.H.S., will be closed shortly, and all intend-
ing contributors are asked bo send their
donations without delay to the treasurer,
Mr. Frank Crisp, ai 17. Throgmorton
Avenue, F.C.
VmmniNd to the latest determination
(bj Dr. Strorngren) of the orbil of Qia-
22
Til E ATI! KX.Kl'M
X' 4080, Jan. 6, L906
oobini's comet ('■. LOOS), it will not pass its
perihelion until the 23rd Lost., at the distance
from the sun of 0*22 in terms of the earth's
mean distance. Its permanent designation,
therefore, will be Comet I., 1906. It is
nearest the earth to-day, at the distance
1-10 on the above scale, or about 102.000,000
miles. After the perihelion passage it will
probably be visible to the naked eye in the
evening, but will be best seen in the southern
hemisphere.
FINE ARTS
Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite
Brotherhood. By W. Holman Hunt,
O.M. 2 vols. (Macmillan & Co.)
One is inclined to believe the truth of
Leslie Stephen's saying that " no man
ever wrote a dull autobiography." Cer-
tainly, if any one did accomplish this
feat, Mr. Holman Hunt is not of
the number. He has, indeed, a fine gift
of narrative, and though he takes his
time about telling his stories, and the
reader of these two substantial volumes
will do well to take his, no one who has
once begun to listen to him is likely to
ask him to stop. He has an almost
Tolstoian eye and memory for details,
and will tell you vividly enough how any
one of his contemporaries of fifty years
ago looked and spoke. He even gives, in
a way that may not be always quite fair
to his interlocutors, the substance of
talks in conversational form.
Though we have spoken of the book as
an autobiography, Mr. Holman Hunt
disclaims the title. It is, he says, the
history of the Pre-Raphaelite Brother-
hood ; but his own share in that is, by
his own showing, so predominant that to
call it his artistic autobiography gives the
best idea of its scope.
The main thesis is that of the seven
original members of the P.R.B. all but
three were sleeping partners, the three
being Millais, Hunt, and Rossetti ; and
that of these three Rossetti never under-
stood the true gospel, but was led astray
by ideas of mediaeval revivalism, and,
moreover, never shared in the evangelistic
work, slinking off into small exhibitions,
and refusing to face the wild beasts in the
arena of the Royal Academy. The gospel,
therefore, was understood and preached
only by Millais and Hunt. Millais is
shown to have soon accommodated him-
self to the public taste, and thus the true
faith was embodied solely in the works
of Holman Hunt. It is impossible to
praise too highly the high purpose, the
dogged perseverance, and pure British
pluck with which our author maintained
the unequal struggle ; and no one will
grudge him his self-gratulation at having
endured to the end, and finished his fight.
What, then, was the great principle
for which he fought so bravely — the
principle which only he and Millais
understood, and which he alone main-
tained in its purity ? Here Mr. Holman
Hunt is not so precise as we could wish.
It is not the principle of primitive sim-
plicity and intensity of feeling expressed
with primitive directness, -nice Kossetti's
early work might with propriety lay
claim to a finer and deeper discovery of
this notion than anything which Millais
or Mr. Hunt produced. Rossetti's heresy
was the use of mediaeval conceptions,
and the neglect of a minute and particular
record of nature. He used nature for
his purposes, but he refused any further
allegiance to her. From the remarks on
Rossetti's ' Found ' — which Mr. Hunt
judges to be the one truly Pre-Raphaelite
picture 'that Rossetti painted, or rather
half painted — one gathers that the gospel
of Millais and Mr. Hunt was that of the
particular description of natural forms,
with a full sense of their endless variety
rather than of their conformity to central
types. It was, in fact, the direct opposite
to Reynolds's theory of the generalized
type. This record of natural form was
not to be entirely literal : it was to be
subservient to the expression of poetical
ideas, though in what direction and to
what extent the record was to be modified
does not appear. Certain it is that Mr.
Hunt spent many shivering nights in the
late autumn, painting the orchard behind
his figure of Christ in ' The Light of the
World ' ; but it would be hard to find in
what way he changed the literal record
for the purpose of intenser expression of
the idea. From his account both of this
and other backgrounds, painted in the
most uncomfortable and unlikely situa-
tions, one suspects that while he painted
them he was conscious of nothing but an
intense desire to carry away as literal a
record as possible of the actual positive
facts, but that (since nothing but the
notion that this intolerable labour and
heroism subserved a great dogmatic reve-
lation would have enabled him to go
through with it) he explained his depend-
ence on the pure matter of fact as in some
way the result of an imaginative need.
For us, indeed, the array of sedulously
collected facts in Mr. Hunt's pictures is
never entirely fused by the idea. His
ideas are always 'deeply pondered ; some-
times they seem far-fetched, sometimes
sentimentally allegorical ; but they are
never obvious or commonplace, while
the forms in which they are expressed
scarcely seem to be the outcome of the
same mind, certainly not of the same mood.
This is not, however, the occasion to
discuss Mr. Holman Hunt's art, though
it is necessary to say this much in order
to weigh the claims he puts forward to
being the only true and original Pre-
Raphaelite. This claim he substantiates,
indeed, if we take his definition of the
term, since Pre-Raphaelitism becomes '
chiefly a matter of painting everything
'* on the spot," and painting every part
of the picture in full detail. But by so
defining it Mr. Hunt lessens immensely
the importance of Pre-Raphaelitism. By
leaving out — correctly enough, no doubt,
given this interpretation — Madox Brown,
and still more Rossetti, and therefore the
whole of the epigoni, Morris, Webb, and
Burne-Jones, he robs us, and perhaps
posterity, of the chief interest of the
movement. Pre-Raphaelitism thereby be-
comes one of many parallel streams of
thought and modes of artistic endeavour,
and to be frank, not the most important
nor the most fruitful of results.
But by what right is Madox Brown
also eliminated I Here we touch at once
on what seems to us the most serious
defect in a fascinating book — the evi-
dences of an unworthy jealousy of
Madox Brown's share in the propagation
of Pre-Raphaelite ideas. The question of
priority ifl discussed at great length, and
the way is always prepared by deprecia-
tion of Brown's work. At a very early
stage in his career — before even the
' Rienzi ' was finished — Mr. Holman Hunt
visited Madox Brown in his studio, and
there saw the ' Chaucer ' picture. The
design is spoken of as " a recent mark of
academic ingenuity which Pre-Raphaelit-
ism, in its larger power of enfranchise-
ment, was framed to overthrow." The
studied composition is described as arti-
ficial and Overbeckian, and (here comes
the strangest part) no word is said of the
wonderful study which the picture displays
of the effects of atmospheric colour — the
study, already so complete in its way,
which anticipated so much of later art.
Mr. Holman Hunt goes even further than
this, " I found nothing indicative of a
child-like reversion from existing schools
to Nature herself." and this when he was
still at work on the * Rienzi,' which is by
no means free from older theatrical con-
ventions. Browrn is described thus : —
" There were in Brown two incongruous
spirits, one, desire for combination with
a power in favour with the world, the
other in open defiance of sedate taste."
There may be a truth in this, though
Brown's sufferings and ill success scarcely
suggest it ; but it surely could not have
been more unkindly expressed. Questions
of priority in ideas are always exceedingly
difficult to decide, and Mr. Holman Hunt's
claim to be the first may be correct,
though the fact that BrowTi was seven
years his senior is in itself slightly against
it. But, indeed, such ideas are always
more or less in the air, and are seized
simultaneously and independently by
more than one mind, and Mr. Holman
Hunt does not, we think, improve his posi-
tion by the evident bias against Brown of
which this book contains too many
examples.
That he disagreed almost at once with
Rossetti was no doubt inevitable ; but
here again his praise of a great genius,
with whom he was once on terms of inti-
mate friendship, seems to us rather half-
hearted, and he takes pains to show how
much Rossetti owed to himself, how httle
to his former master Madox Brown. That
he owed anything to his own pupil Rossetti
Mr. Hunt scarcely seems to contemplate,
and yet who can doubt Rossetti's influence
in so " mediaeval," not to say " Over-
beckian " a design as that of ' Lorenzo
in the Warehouse ' ?
But let us leave this carping : Mr.
Hunt has suffered all his life, and often
with grave injustice, at the hands of
critics. We have discussed these points
only because of their great interest and
N° 4080, Jan. 6, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
23
importance for the history of British
art. Whoever originated the ideas of
Pre-Raphaelitism, the story of its early
days is intensely thrilling. The violence
of the abuse with which these harmless
young men were hailed is scarcely credible
in these politer days. Certainly the critics
have mended their manners, and it is
curious to see how much, too, they have
changed their position. In Mr. Holman
Hunt's early days they were on the side
of the public ; to-day they are almost
entirely on the side of the artist, and their
voice is consequently less listened to
than when it expressed the feelings of the
public in literary Billingsgate.
Though they treated him ill, Mr. Holman
Hunt speaks with moderation of the
authorities of the Academy, but its
•extraordinary opposition to all that is
fresh and vital in the work of younger
men comes out conspicuously. Millais, it
is true, fought and cowed it, not without
shaking of fists in the faces of elder R.A.s
and violent language to hangers, and
for all that it had its revenge on him in
the destruction of his youthful ambitions ;
and Mr. Hunt, in spite of the affection
which he always entertained towards him,
puts into his mouth sayings betraying
such a cynical indifference to all but
immediate vulgar success that one almost
believes the phrenologist who felt his head
in early youth, and pronounced him a
great business man and nothing else, was
not so far wrong, as was thought at the time.
This of Millais and the phrenologist is
one of many good stories of contemporaries
with which the book abounds : the walk-
i ing tour with Tennyson and Palgrave
' gives occasion for several ; the picture
] of old Trelawny sitting reading, though
| immersed up to his neck in a lake, while
staying at a country house, is delightfully
ii characteristic ; and another (which we
i will not spoil by abridgment) of Thacke-
I ray's supposed want of genius is memor-
I able.
A great part of the book is naturally
L taken up with Mr. Holman Hunt's work
I in the East, and here the same courageous
| tenacity which enabled him to withstand
I alike the tyranny and the blandishments
i of the Academy comes out in other forms.
! The nerve with which he stuck, day after
I day, to his painting of the scapegoat on
I the shores of the Dead Sea, and alter-
| nately bullied and bluffed the Arabs,
I generally by telling them the literal truth,
I when he was powerless and at their mercy,
I is magnificent ; and here, as elsewhere,
I his powers as a narrator are of a high
order. Indeed, it is as a book of adven-
ture— adventures with critics, adventures
with Royal Academies, and adventures
with Arabs — that Mr. Hunt's work is
most to be cherished. On the side of
aesthetics it is disappointing. From his
early days, when he could find no great
French artist but Delacroix (!), to the
closing chapter, in which he abuses the
Impressionists as roundly and as sweep-
ingly as Dickens once abused him, .Mr.
Holman Hunt clearly distinguishes him-
self from the accursed tribe of art critics.
For all that, one of them at least is deeply
grateful to him for a vividly written and
most entertaining memoir, and incident-
ally for the portrait of a strenuous and
downright Englishman who has the
courage of his opinions — one who might
almost stand as typical of the salient
characteristics of the race, if it were not
that by some odd freak the ingredient of
Philistinism is entirely omitted. Perhaps
his friend Millais absorbed all that could
be found.
Kate Greenaway. By M. H. Spielmann
and G. S. Layard. (A. & C. Black.)— This
record of the life and work of Kate Greena-
way appears in an attractive form as one
of Messrs. Black's series of books printed
in colour. Fifty of the illustrations are
reproduced from water-colour drawings by
the three-colour process, which has served
in many cases very successfully to convey
something of the grace and delicacy of the
originals. The work more generally familiar
from its use in book-illustration has been
wisety eschewed in favour of that done for
private commissions and as gifts to friends.
There are also many reproductions of
sketches from Miss Greenaway's letters,
which not infrequently display a virility
and firmness of touch in excess of much
of her more finished work. The volume
contains so many of these letters that it
forms an intimate record of her personality,
and the more purely biographical portions
are rounded off by a very just and temperate
estimate of her exact place in British art.
As she was the daughter of John Greena-
way, a wood engraver and draughtsman of
some prominence, it was natural that her
talent for design should early find expression.
She herself says in a fragment of auto-
biography that at the time of the Indian
Mutiny she was constantly drawing the
ladies, nurses, and children escaping, adding
characteristically, " Mine always escaped,
and were never taken." May we not
perhaps discern in this childish endeavour
a forecast of that rose-coloured optimism
which permeated her art ? Two years
later, at the age of twelve, she was already
a prize-winner in a local art school. She
afterwards became a student at South
Kensington, and attended classes at the
Slade School under Legros. She de-
signed Christmas cards and valentines,
contributed illustrations to toy-books and
periodicals, exhibited some water-colour
drawings at the Dudley Gallery and else-
where, and in 1878 published ' Under the
Window,' a children s book of " pictures
and rhymes." This brought her instant
and widespread fame. A similar work,
' Marigold Garden,' appeared seven years
later ; and she also illustrated various
other books for children and issued annual
almanacs. She revolutionized children's
dress by bringing back the bonnets and
bodices of " yesteryear," and as her vogue
was in part the triumph of a fashion in
millinery, it suffered with the passing of
the mode ; so much so that in her last
years she felt herself to have outlived her
popularity, and with characteristic energy
endeavoured to make a fresh start by taking
up oil painting. These facts are presented
by the authors of the monograph clearly,
sympathetically, and with jnst sufficient
detail to imparl the requisite vitality, and
this is further enhanced l>y the fact that
Mr. Spielmann's share of the work is the
tribute of a personal friendship.
Bj permission of Elusion's representatives
i tic volume contains no fewer than fifty of
his letters to Kate Greenaway, these being
only a tithe of those which he wrote
during a period extending over nearly ten
years subsequent to the appearance of
' Under the Window.' These are all eventu-
ally to be included in the memorial edition
of Ruskin's writings, but their presence here
invests the work with a certain separate
and distinct interest for the student of
Ruskin, which might, perhaps, have been
indicated on the title-page. There is un-
fortunately only the one side of the corre-
spondence in existence, as Ruskin did not
keep Miss Greenaway's earlier letters, but
over forty are printed of those which she
wrote during the latter years of his life,
when, we are told, she always had on hand
one epistle to him, to which she would sit
down at any odd moment between meals,
exercise, and work. Ruskin began the corre-
spondence by sending her a long and
whimsical series of interrogatories as to
her belief and practice in sundry matters,
doctrinal and artistic. Satisfied as to these,
he set out to teach her how, by systematic
study, to improve the artistic quality of
her work. This relationship of teacher and
pupil became insensibly merged in that of
friends, without ever entirely losing its
didactic character. He was constantly
exhorting her to study perspective, and to
practise from the nude — naively urging
that she " should go to some watering-
place in August with fine sands, — and draw
no end of bare feet." He writes from Brant-
wood to tell her that he has sent her two
more sods, " more to be enjoyed than
painted — if you like to do a bit of one, well
and good "; and in a subsequent letter he
is enthusiastic about her drawing of the
leaves. On another occasion she has appa-
rently confided an ambition, for he writes : —
" I am very glad you want to paint like Gains-
borough. But you must not try for it — He is in-
imitable and yet a had master. Keep steadily to
deep colour and Carpaccio — with white porcelain
and Luca — you may try a Gainsborough every now
and then for play ! "
The expression of his delight in the pure
feeling and delicacy of her work is frank
and ingenuous. She sent him many water-
colour drawings, and constantly made
sketches in her letters to him. In writing
to thank her for some of these from Sand-
gate in 1888, after an illness, at a time when,
as he says, nothing showed itself to him all
day long but the dull room or the wild sea,
he expresses wistfully his appreciation of
her gifts : "I think what it must be to
you to have far sight into dreamlands of
truth — and to be able to see such scenes
of the most exquisite grace and life and
quaint vivacity." Yet nevertheless he re-
mained to the end a mentor, and the con-
clusion of the very latest of his letters
contains an entirely true criticism of her
work : —
•• You must cure yourself of thinking so much of
hair and hats and parasols — and attend tirst (for
some time to come) bo toes and lingers and wrists."
How far these promptings had effect may
be gauged from her letters as well as from
her later work. She writes of herself as
seeming to want to put in shade much more
than she used to do, and of having got to
love the making out of form by such means.
As an instance of this we may cite the
pencil study of a boy for the story ' Ronald's
Clock,' reproduced on p. 248, which in its
exquisite delicacy suggests a study by Burne-
Jones, for whose drawings and pictures she
had a keen admiration. Her own sym-
pathies were Btrongly with the Pre -Kaphael-
ites. as is seen by numerous passages occur-
ring in her letters, and especially with the
earlier work of Millais ; she considered his
'Ophelia' to be the greatest picture of
modern times. The same sources show her
24
Til E A Til KX.EI.M
N°4080, Jan. 6, 1906
antipathies in art and literature! expressed
often with an intense fervour <>f conviction :
Beardsley and Marie BashkirtsefE occur as
instances in this category. With regard to
her work it is said with felicity and truth
by the authors of this monograph that " she
introduced a Pre-Raphaelite spirit into the
art of the nursery." There indeed she
reigned supreme. Her art possessed the
limitations consequent upon such a position,
and also its peculiar idyllic joyousness. She
painted a world of roses and children — a
world where flowers are fadeless and children
never grow up.
THE OLD MASTERS AT
BURLINGTON HOUSE.
As usual, this is the great artistic event of
the year, and if the present show contains
but few pieces that have already been
accepted among the masterpieces of English
private collections, its interest is all the
greater from the unexpected novelty of the
works which have been brought to light,
some for the first time. In this respect the
sensation of the exhibition is the large
family group by Frans Hals, the importance
of which was, we believe, first recognized
by Col. Lyons and Mr. Herbert Cook. Its
publication a year ago by the Arundel Club
was the first general intimation that the
most important Frans Hals in England had
hitherto escaped the researches of con-
noisseurs. With the exception of this noble
work, two important Vandykes, two
Jordaens, and a few minor Dutch works,
the whole gallery is devoted to masters of
the British School. Even in this there
has been no attempt to make the exhibition
systematically representative, or to give a
space proportional to the importance of
each of the greater artists. But we have
always welcomed the somewhat casual
arrangement of these yearly exhibitions as
giving an opportunity for the inclusion of
curious and unclassified works which could
hardly find their place in any logical se-
quence. Besides, good pictures very rarely
hurt one another, and the large majority of
the pieces shown this year are decidedly
good.
There are, it is true, a few serious excep-
tions, and we could wish that greater care
had been shown by the authorities to avoid
giving the cachet of inclusion in such an
exhibition to works of dubious authenticity.
The most glaring example of this is in the
second room, where there hangs a very
imposing landscape, Rouen (No. 56), ascribed
to Turner. That it is not by him, but a
deliberate and very skilful forgery, is fairly
evident to any trained eye : those who
have studied specially the devious ways of
imitators recognize in this the masterpiece
of James Webb. If it were given to Its
real author, the picture might well claim a
right to its present position as an interest-
ing object-lesson how far a very skilful
imitator can go. The genuine, but rather
hard and cold Turner of Venice (60), hanging
near by, shows very aptly the difference
between the loose and free touch of a real
artist and the deliberate imitation of the
same quality, without any real content or
intention, which distinguishes the forger's
work. The large landscape ascribed to
John Crome (45) in the same gallery is not,
perhaps, a deliberate forgery so much as
the natural outcome of a pupil working so
far as possible in his master's manner. Yet
another picture in the same room, the view
of Hampstead Heath (49), ascribed to Con-
stable, belongs to the same dubious category.
Except for the want of care in the admission
of these and one or two other works, we have
nothing but praise for the way in which
this delightful exhibition lias been organized,
and for the admirable arrangement and
hanging of the pictures.
The first room is devoted entirely to
British painters, and rightly begins with
Hogarth. His portrait of Airs. Desaguliers
(2) shows him at his best, and with distinc-
tion which few of his single heads of women
display. It must, one supposes, be fairly
early, for something of the Lely tradition
still clings to it in the disposition of the
drapery and the way of putting in the
lights ; but we note a subtlety in the model-
ling of the flesh and a lifelike vivacity in
the eyes which Lely never showed, except
in a few very early works. The colour is
almost as dainty and tasteful as in contem-
porary French work, but there is a virile
sincerity which few French artists of
the century displayed. A Hogarth of a
more familiar kind is the Assembly at Wan-
stead House (20), an early work, though
certainly not, as stated, the earliest known.
In this the background of the splendidly
decorated room is painted with an admirable
sense of atmospheric envelopment, and the
individual figures are full of character and
zest ; but Hogarth had not yet arrived at
the power of giving life and movement to
the composition as a whole. Another
Hogarth, of great beauty and the most
delicate taste, is the small portrait of The
Painter's Wife, seated near an easel (32).
When one looks at this exquisite picture,
painted with the simplicity of a Dutch and
the delicacy of a French genre painter, it
is impossible not to wish that Hogarth's
influence had been greater in England.
He might, one thinks, have founded a school
of refined and unambitious genre akin to
the Dutch — a school in which those who
were not fitted to follow Reynolds might
have kept alive a better tradition than the
sentimental and anecdotic genre that ulti-
mately came into being as a reaction from
the severe principles of the grand style.
Such a genre style was no doubt attempted
by Morland, and two excellent examples,
the Tea-gardens (8) and the Children playing
Soldiers (26), are here. Morland was another
intuitive and unsophisticated genius, but he
shows already an inclination to the prettily
sentimental which places his work on another
plane from Hogarth's. To the latter painter
is also attributed a very interesting head,
said to be of James St. Aubyn (7). It is
very forcibly, almost brutally, painted, with
a thick impasto quite unlike Hogarth's. It
would be interesting to know whether the
identity of the sitter is certainly established.
James St. Aubyn is reported to have died
in 1752, but the style of dress and that of
the painting suggest a later date. We
should think it was by some artist of Rey-
nolds's circle who was experimenting in a
Rembrandtesque technique.
Among the earlier masters of the great
period of English art Wilson holds a unique
position, and though nothing of extraordi-
nary quality or importance has turned up
this year, the Lake of Nemi (4) and Cicero at
his Villa (6) represent him well. The latter
is rather an elaborate composition, put
together from Italian reminiscences, but
it is beautifully clear and cool, and, like all
his best work, completely unified both in
colour and tone.
Gainsborough is seen as a landscape painter
in an unusual vein in No. 14. This, too,
is a purely fictitious composition, with even
less observation of actual forms than the
Wilsons disclose, and it has the air of being
executed impromptu with almost the same
care as some of his chalk drawings. It has
certainly all the merits of such a method
in the wonderful fluency of the touch, the
beauty of the spacing of lights and darks,
and the exquisite golden harmony of the
colour.
Entirely different, and much more modern
in aim, are two remarkable De Winte, lent
by Miss Tatlock : one of Lincoln (9), which,
though much better, serves by comparison
to support the attributions to De U'int of
a little picture of Lincoln now to be seen at
the Burlington Fine- Arts Club ; the other,
a Cornfield (11), is very similar to the famous-
picture in the Victoria and Albert Museum.
These both prove how great was De Wint's-
facility in oils, but they also show that he
was a very uncertain colourist, and that he
was one of the first to give up any attempt
at serious design in favour of a more vivid
record of actual scenes. The ' Lincoln ' is
very full and strong in colour, with a warm
reddish foreground against a brilliant blue
distance and sky ; but the harmony is not
perfectly formed, and there is a tendency
to sharpness in the quality of the blues.
Nevertheless, there are some exquisite
passages in the middle distance. In the
' Cornfield ' the tendency is again to separate
the colours by too wide intervals — to make
the clouds too distinct in colour from the
sky, and in the shadows to lose all colour in
a neutral tone. Comparing them with the
Wilsons and the Gainsborough, one feels
that the material has already got out of
hand, is no longer perfectly controlled by
an intelligible artistic form.
Between the De Wints hangs Mr. C. J.
Wertheimer's splendid portrait of the
Painter's Two Daughters (10), by Gains-
borough. This has an almost primitive
simplicity of treatment, a firmness of contour
and evenness of illumination which distin-
guish it from most of the portraits of this
period. There is even a trifle of flatness
in the modelling, due perhaps to over-clean-
ing ; but for all that it is a notable work.
It has sincerity and tenderness, and an
absence of all bravura and dash, together
with perfect mastery — a combination of
qualities rare even in the best works of the
eighteenth century. The same painter's
portrait of Miss Adney (18) is of a very
different, and artistically of an inferior,
kind. It is one of those purely professional
portraits the painting of which irked the
painter so much. Two other portraits in
this room are ascribed to Gainsborough.
One of Miss Martha Ray (25) has great
charm of colour, but seems altogether too
wooden in the face, even for an early Gains-
borough, though it must be admitted that
this woodenness is curiously contradicted
by the sensitive and nervous drawing of
the gloved hands. On the whole, however,
one seems reminded more of Allan Ramsay
than Gainsborough by this picture, though
the portrait, by the former, of Lady Erskine
(33), at once more accomplished and weaker,
makes the attribution to Ramsay very
difficult. Finally, we have a portrait of
Miss Ogle (34), to which Gainsborough's
name is attached. It is unfinished, but the
design is much more like a Sir Joshua,
though the painting is certainly not recog-
nizable as by any great master.
Next to this hangs one of the most charm-
ing pictures in the exhibition, the portrait
of Mrs. Warde, by Opie (35). It is rarely
indeed that he is seen at this level, but
here at all events he puts the other secondary
painters of the day — the Romneys and
Hoppners — in the shade. With about the
same slight sense of structural form as they,
he shows a science of painting, a feeling
for modulations of colour and tone, which
proclaim him a very real artist. A powerful
head of John Gilbert, Esq ( 1 7 ) — here ascribed
to Raeburn, but without any visible justifi-
N° 4080, Jan. 6, 1906
THE ATHEX.EUM
cation — affords one of the problems of the
exhibition. It is curiously modern in its
treatment, and yet it has much of the
remains of the older formula of Reynolds's
time. There were so many artists of this
time, hardly ever remembered now, who
were yet capable of this, that it would
probably be rash to give it, excellent though
it is, to one of the great masters. Raeburn
himself is seen well enough in the Col. Scott
(57) and the less pleasing Mrs. Duncan (52),
as well as in an ambitious failure, The Earl
■of Kinnoull (70) ; but he can hardly have
] minted the weak yet pleasant portrait of a
girl (21) belonging to Mr. McCormick.
Two other pictures in the first room
deserve notice : one the sumptuous, but
quite meaningless pastiche by Turner, Adonis
departing for the Chase (28) ; the other Sir
Joshua's portrait of Mrs. Gore (27). One
imagines that here the sitter failed entirely
to interest him, and he has, with delicate
irony, revenged himself by giving a superb
portrait of the lady's blue dress seen through
a lace fichu, of the beautiful red purple of
the chair-back, and the elaborately bound
volume she holds in her hand. It is an
unforgettable piece of still life. It is not
the finest Sir Joshua in this exhibition, but
he never showed more taste and mastery
of his craft, or a more consummate feeling
lor colour, than in these passages.
OUR NATIONAL COLLECTIONS.
The Rokeby Velasquez, whether or not
it is acquired by the persistent and patriotic
■efforts of the National Art Collections Fund,
has brought to a point the problem of our
national collections. It has long been appa-
rent that England is falling behind her
■competitors in the attempt to secure a
share of the fast diminishing residue of great
masterpieces. The sums voted by the
Government are, it is evident, inadequate
at a time when the price of rare examples
has been multiplied tenfold, and a weighty
article in the current number of The Bur-
lington Magazine has called attention to a
state of things which, if it be allowed to
continue, will prove to all the world our
indifference as a nation to this aspect of
culture. Another contribution to the sub-
ject was published in an article in The Daily
Chronicle of December 21st, and it is to
this that we desire to call attention. The
scheme there proposed is so perfect ly
feasible, so simple, and is likely to prove
-o efficient that one can hardly doubt that
it will be put into practice. The scheme
i< to place a tax of one per cent, on all sales
of works of art, the tax to be levied by
means of stamps, without which the receipt
will not be valid. It is further suggested
that stamps of one colour should be used
for transactions which refer to works of
early art, say before 1820 ; and stamps of
-another colour in cases of the sale of modern
works. The proceeds derived from the
-tamps for early works could be devoted
to the National Gallery and South Kensing-
ton; while the income from the other
stamps would form a much needed fund
for the purchase of contemporary works of
art. In this way the Tate Gallery — which
we have always maintained should be under
B separate administration from the National
Gallery — might hope ultimately to fulfil
some of the functions of the Luxembourg.
Under good management such a fund
might become a valuable educational influ-
ence upon contemporary taste, as well as
afford a much-needed •means of encourage-
ment to artists of real, but not immediately
recognized talent.
The ingenious author of this scheme — a
well-known collector who has been unfailing
in his generous efforts for our national collec-
tions— estimates that the total revenue from
such a source would amount to something
like sixty thousand pounds a year, even if,
as seems advisable, transactions which
concern sums under fifty pounds were ex-
empted. And this large sum would be
levied without inflicting a serious burden on
any one. The rich collector who can afford
to pay ten thousand pounds for a picture
will not be deterred by having to pay
another hundred to the State, accustomed
as lie is to paying far larger amounts in
commissions to intermediaries. Nor should
the artist who commands large prices for
his pictures mind sacrificing a small fraction
for the encouragement of younger and less
popular talent.
The idea of the State levying toll on
commercial transactions is in no way new
or startling : we draw our cheques or stamp
our receipts without grumbling at the small
imposition, while larger transfers of property
have to contribute increasingly large per-
centages to the State. The only novelty
in the idea consists in ear-marking the toll
on a particular class of transaction for a
similar particular national expenditure. And
this actually would render the tax less irk-
some. If the dealer has to pay a share of
the State Commission, he knows at the same
time that the money will increase State
patronage of art proportionately, and that
he may at any time himself benefit by that
patronage.
One of the best features of this proposed
tax is that it is levied only on those who
have the means and the desire to gratify
a refined taste, in order that the oppor-
tunities they enjoy may be given freely to all.
The idea seems so eminently practical,
and the results of its adoption so bene-
ficent, that we have strong hopes that it
will be put into practice. If it be not
accepted, and if we are content to go on as
we have been going of late, we shall prove
to the civilized world that as a nation we
are totally indifferent to one of the richest
modes of expression of human aspiration,
as well as to a great national asset. Even
on practical grounds one may say that the
possession of great masterpieces of art has
been a sign of national ascendancy, and
that the constant depletion of our collections
is taken as a sign of its opposite.
THE DEPARTMENT OF COINS IX THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.
We regret to find that in our notice
of The British Numismatic Journal, on
December 23rd, relying on the statements
there made, some misconceptions and mis-
statements were inadvertently admitted,
which may have conveyed to our readers
a wrong impression with regard to the
honour and efficiency of the staff of the
Coin Department of the British Museum.
3finr-Art (ftasstp.
Yesterday a show of water - colours
by Mr. J. C. Dollman was opened to
private view at the Fine- Art Society's rooms.
Messrs. Carfax open to private view
to-day at 24, Bury Street, St. James's,
some pictures by members and associates
of the Academy.
« The forthcoming exhibition of the Inter-
national Society a1 the New Gallery will
contain the most important collection of
modern continental sculpture ever got
together in England. Rodin will exhibit
' Le Baiser ' and a smaller work, ' Paolo and
Francesca,' and M. Bartholome is sending
an heroic ' Adam and Eve.' The executors
of Constantin Meunier will contribute some
twenty works, including his series of reliefs
and figures glorifying labour.
We regret to notice the death of Mr.
W. A. Donnelly, well known alike as an
artist and antiquary. In the latter cha-
racter he became intimately associated in
the public mind with the discoveries of the
much-discussed cup-and-ring markings at
Auchentorlie, the Roman fort at Dumbuie,
and the crannog at Dumbuck. As an
artist he had been for many years the
Scottish representative of The Illustrated
London News, and had executed several
royal commissions for commemorative pic-
tures of notable public events.
Mr. Frederic Whyte. who contributed
the article upon George du Maurier to the
new edition of ' The Encyclopaedia Britan-
nica.' has in hand a book upon the famous
Punch artist and novelist, which is to be
published in England by Mr. John Murray,
and in America by Messrs. Harper. Among
the illustrations, which will include speci-
mens of Du Maimer's early work, there
will be a number of hitherto unpublished
sketches. Mr. Whyte has Mrs. Du Maurier's
sanction for his undertaking, as well as the
goodwill of the artist's oldest friends. Many
of these have been most courteous in placing
material at his disposal in the shape of
sketches and letters. He hopes for help
from other correspondents of Du Maurier.
Any letters or sketches forwarded to him,
care of Mr. Curtis Brown, 5, Henrietta
Street, Co vent Garden, will be carefully
returned.
Messrs. Duckworth are publishing
shortly ' The Museums and Ruins of Home,'
edited by Mrs. Arthur Strong. The book
aims at a comprehensive view of the many
buildings and the varied art collections.
In the first volume Dr. Walter Amelung.
1 Hitting together correlated works, replicas,
copies, and fragments, brings the original
conceptions before the reader : while in the
second Dr. Heinrich Holtzinger is concerned
rather with architectural art than with
topographical science. Both volumes are
freely illustrated.
The eighth portfolio of the Diirer Society
(whose address is 'A2, George Street. Hanover
Square) is being issued to subscribers this
week. It contains, in addition to engavings
and woodcuts, a larger number than before
of pictures and drawings not previously
published. The pictures include the much-
discussed ' Diirer the Elder ' in the National
Gallery ; an almost unknown portrait of a
girl, dated 1497. in a private collection at
Paris : and a portrait of Sixtus Oelhafen. at
Wurzburg, which may once have been a
Diirer. but has been sadly defaced and
repainted. The reproduction (•>{ the Last-
named picture has been lone desired by
students. The drawings thai arc new. in
the sense of being absent from Lippmaim's
publication, are at Bremen, Frankfort.
Prague, and Milan. They are supplemented
by some more familiar studies of fine quality,
and by specimens of a new complete fac-
simile in colours of the famous Prayer Hook
ni Maximilian 1.. which Dr. Giehlow, of
Vienna, intends to publish before long.
Thk New Year's number ^i Tin Builder,
published tin- week, contain- a series ol
complete measured drawings by Mr. A. K.
Henderson, supplemented by photographs
and sketches of the historic church of SS.
Sergius and Bacchus a1 Constantinople, the
26
TH E A Til KX.KTM
N°4080, Jur. 6, [006
architectural precursor of St. s< >j >hi»i.
Among the other illustrations arc two
sheets f>i views <>t old London in the Savoy
and Whitehall neighbourhoods : a large
perspective view ox the new War Offices,
with separate illustrations of tht> sculpture ;
and an original drawing by the editor.
' Under the Temple Portico.'
The Sooiete Nationals des Beaux -Arts
will open its annual exhibition on Easter
Sunday. April 1 5th. Paintings and engrav-
tngS bj a-— 'Hint.- must be submitted on
March -24th : those 1>> societaires on
March 90th and ,'ilst ; and those by artists
who are neither must be in on March 8th or
9th. In the section of sculpture the works
of those who are neither associates nor
-., ntaires must be delivered on March 16th
or 17th ; and the same rule applies to archi-
tects. A new section — that of Music — will
be introduced this year, and the latest day
for works in this class is March 17th.
Two new corresponding members of the
French Academic des Beaux-Arts have been
elected in place of MM. Sacconi and Mas-
saruni. One of these is Mr. Whitenay
Warren, the architect, of New York ; the
other is the Abbe Requin, of Avignon, a
great authority on the French primitives.
The Municipal Council of Paris, after
having purchased the historic Hotel de
Lauzun, are now considering the wisdom of
selling it ; but a strong protest is being
organized against this. All the more pro-
minent collectors and the members of the
Institute and of the Academie des Beaux-
Arts are associating themselves with this
protest ; and it would be a serious calamity
if the marvellous interior decorations of this
house were destroyed or removed from their
original settings. It is suggested that, as
the Musee Carnavalet is crowded, the Hotel
de Lauzun should be transformed into a new
museum. It is pointed out that there are
many wealthy lovers of the fine arts in Paris
who would gladly pay to preserve this fine
house as a public museum, and that its con-
version might be effected without any
serious addition to the municipal budget.
MUSIC
The Oxford History of Music. — Vol. VI.
The Romantic Period. By Edward
Dannreuther. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.)
Before referring to the contents of this
volume we must call to mind the fact
that the author did not live to see his
work in print ; nay, more, " it did not
receive the final touch of his hand."
Edward Dannreuther, the personal friend
both of Liszt and Wagner, the two
leading spirits of the romantic school
during the second half of the nineteenth
century, was the very man to under-
take such a task. On the one hand,
intercourse with such men helped him
the better to understand their aims, yet on
the other he was not so influenced by them
as to weaken his critical faculty ; and
nowhere is this more apparent than in his
appreciation of Liszt's art-work. It is
sad to think of the premature death of an
accomplished musician and gifted writer,
hut it is fortunate that Mr. W. H.
Hadow was able to see the volume
through the press. The manuscript was
finished and partly revised. What Mr.
Hadow did was to complete the revision,
and— under verbal instruct ions from Mi.
Dannreuther. when the latter VfJl pre-
vented by illness from working — to make a
selection <>f the musical examples. There
are here and there signs that the author
did not give his '* final touches " ; in
some places he might have condensed,
in others amplified ; but Mr. Hadow
could not, of course, venture upon any
such changes.
The subject of this volume — " so closely
in touch with the actualities of present-
day musical life," to quote from the
author's preface — is naturally of special
interest. During the so-called Romantic
Period we find a change from the formal
to the characteristic, and, as a natural
result, a tendency towards programme
music, and we are now witnessing the
results of the seed sown by Berlioz, Liszt,
and Wagner, both as regards form and
contents. When the ' Oxford History '
was first planned, the intention was to
end the present volume with Schumann ;
but modification of this idea was found
necessary, and the author's final touches
might very probably have resulted in
interesting comments concerning the sym-
phonic works of Richard Strauss. The
term " romantic," used for the period
from Weber onwards, is not incorrect; but,
when it is opposed to " classical," one is
apt to regard the latter as expressive of
music without a programme. Our author,
however, while recognizing romantic senti-
ment in the old masters, and even that
they worked, to use Beethoven's familiar
phrase, to a picture in their mind, dis-
tinguishes between music following estab-
lished laws of structure and that of which
the form and contents are determined by
some poetic basis. And already in the
introductory chapter he tells us that, in
spite of many excesses, there has been
distinct gain. The reader must at once
perceive that there will be many an " if "
and " but " when the chief works of the
period are passed in review.
Weber in his ' Freischutz, ' and still
more in his ' Euryanthe,' led directly to
the romantic operas of Wagner. As
regards instrumental music, however, he
was not in favour of specific titles. He
intended to give headings to the different
sections of his famous Concertstiick, but
" I particularly dislike all musical pictures
with specific titles," so he wrote to
Rochlitz, " yet it [the scheme] irresistibly
forces itself upon me, and promises to
prove efficacious." And the Concertstiick
was published without the headings.
Schumann, again, was cautious in this
matter. In many cases — so he declared
— the music was first written, and titles
thought of afterwards.
'" Berlioz and Liszt," as our author truly
remarks,
" are the most conspicuous and thorough-
going representatives of programme music.
i.i. instrumental music expressly devised to
illustrate in detail some play or poem, or
some succession of ideas or pictures."
Yet while acknowledging the originality
and high aims of the former, he considers
his disposition as " poetically imaginative
rather than musical " ; while of the latter.
in reference to bis Poemefl S\ mphoniques,
we read that M the musical growth ifl
spoilt or perverted by some reference to-
extraneous ideas"; also that 'every-
where the programme stands in the way,
and the materials refuse to coalesce.""
And then this sentence : —
" Both masters may have erred in their
method ; and programme music, as they
conceived it, may in the end prove to have
been a dubious hybrid of insufficient
vitality,"
shows pretty clearly Dannreuther's atti-
tude towards programme music. He-
admires the delightful genre pictures, the
' Marche de Pelerins ' and Serenade in
Berlioz's ' Harold ' Symphony, and Liszt's
" little masterpiece ' Orphee ' " ; but in
these, as in Mendelssohn's ' Melusine '
and ' Hebrides ' Overtures, " the title
contains all that the composer deemed
needful to guide the audience."
In pianoforte literature of the period,.
Chopin's music is remarkable for its
romantic character, yet, as our author
notes, in the Sonata in B flat minor there
is "no hint as to the composer's meaning
in the title of any of the movements " ;
neither is there in the Ballades, the
Nocturnes, and the Barcarolle, pieces
which must surely have had some
poetical basis.
The triumph of romanticism in operatic
music begins with W7eber's success, ' Der
Freischutz. ' Weber led to Wagner, and,
quite apart from the intrinsic value of
his operas and music-dramas, the latter
has exerted a beneficent influence on
modern art : the stilted form of opera
has almost ceased to exist ; com-
posers are no longer the slaves of great
singers. In song, too, romanticism, which,
virtually began with Weber and
Schubert, has triumphed. Heine spoke
of Mendelssohn's " aggressive predilec-
tions for classical models " ; and even
a greater than Mendelssohn, and one
whose music was largely of t he-
programme order — i.e., Beethoven —
was loth to depart from recognized form*.
Both may have been too much under the
influence of the past. The doctrine of
finality in art is false : changes must
come, but they should be gradual. In
spite of all the clever, and in many-
instances interesting, programme music
which has been written by Berliozr
Liszt, and their followers, there seem to-
us no more satisfactory specimens than
the * Hebrides ' Overture and the great
' Leonore,' No. 3. And our opinion is in
agreement with that of our author. His
book ends with these weighty words con--
cerning illustrative music, which.
" on the instrumental side, apart from
design, is in pursuit of a false ideal : it is
the satyr Marsyas, imitating on his flute the
music of his native uplands, and doomed to
destruction if he challenges the golden lyre
of Apollo."
iHusical 0>ossip.
The dates of the seven concerts of the
ninety-fourth season of the Philharmonic-
Society are as follows : February 27th,
N°4080, Jan. 6, 1906
THE ATHENJEUM
27
March 15th, April 5th, May 2nd, 17th, and
31st, and June 14th. Engagements have
been made with the violinists Miss Marie
Hall and Mischa Elman ; and with the
pianists Madame Teresa Carreno and MM.
York Bowen, Richard Buhlig, Ernst von
Dohnanyi, Raoul Pugno, and Emil Sauer.
Edvard Grieg and his wife will visit
London in the spring. Two concerts at the
Queen's Hall are to be devoted entirely to
the music of the great Norwegian composer.
At the first, on May 17th, the Queen's Hall
Orchestra will be under his direction ; while
at the second, on May 24th, he will appear
as pianist. It is to be hoped that Mrs.
Grieg, * who is an able and sympathetic
interpreter of her husband's songs, will be
able to take part in these concerts.
At Miss Mary Cracroft's concert at the
iEolian Hall on February 24th will be per-
formed two songs and a pianoforte solo by
Debussy. The programme will include some
of Rachmaninoff's Preludes (Op. 23), also
several new English songs.
In addition to what was said in The
Athenaeum of December 23rd respecting the
two concerts at the Theatre du Chatelet,
Paris, with the London Symphony Orchestra
and the Leeds Choir, it may be noted that
M. Andre Messager will conduct Saint-Saens's
1 Phaeton,' the Scherzo from Dr. Cowen's
* Scandinavian ' Symphony, Strauss's ' Don
Juan,' and the ' Meistersinger ' Overture ;
and M. Ed. Colonne, Berlioz's ' Benvenuto
■Cellini ' Overture. The rest of the music
will be under the direction of Sir Charles
Stanford.
We regret to learn that Miss Muriel Foster
has been ordered by her medical adviser to
take three months' complete rest ; she is
suffering from the effects of a severe attack
of influenza. She cannot, therefore, fulfil
her engagements in America and Germany,
but hopes to be well enough to take part in
the Cincinnati Festival next May.
M. Gailhard's term of six years as lessee
of the Paris Grand Opera expired on Decem-
ber 31st, but it has been renewed for one
year by the Minister of Fine Arts. Wagner's
'Meistersinger' (' Les Maitres Chanteurs ')
is to be revived this month, with Mile.
Lindsay as Eva, and M. Delmas as Hans
Sachs, while the tenor Muratore will imper-
sonate Walther for the first time.
The opera season begins at Monte Carlo
on February 3rd. The novelties will be Saint-
Saens's ' L'Ancetre ' and Bizet's recently
discovered ' Don Procopio.'
Henry Holmes, the violinist and com-
poser, died last month at San Francisco, aged
sixty-six.
At a recent Ysaye concert at Brussels
two orchestral novelties by Flemish com-
posers were produced : a ' Homeric ' Sym-
phony, by L. Mortelmans, and a symphonic
tone-poem, ' Lalla Rookh,' by J. Jongen.
Two novelties were produced at the Paris
Opera Comique on December 26th. The
first was a musical comedy in one act,
■entitled ' La Coupe Enchantee,' music by
M. Gabriel Pierne ; and the second ' Les
Pecheurs de Saint-Jean,' in four acts, words
by M. Henri Cain, music by the well-known
composer and organisl M. Charles M. Widor.
There is a notice of both works, signed
Arthur Pougin, in Le Menestrel of Decem-
ber 31st. The writer recognizes the gifts
of M. Pierne as composer, but in this
instance neither the character nor the colour
of the music satisfies him. On the other
hand, he gives high praise to M. Widor, and
considers that the new opera will add greatly
to his reputation.
A statue of the Danish national composer
Hartmann, who died a few years ago, aged
ninety-seven, was unveiled at Copenhagen
on the 29th ult
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Sin. Sunday Society Concert. 3.30. Queen's Hall.
— Sunday League, 7. Queen's Hall.
Sat. Chappell's Ballad Concert, 3, Queen's Hall.
— Miss Edith Parsons s Pianoforte Recital, 3.30. .Eolian Hall.
DRAMA
THE WEEK.
St. James's. — Beside the Bonnie Brier
Bush. A Dramatized Version in Four
Acts, by Augustus Thomas and James
Macarthur, of Ian Maclaren's Work so
Named.
The task of dramatizing the popular
tales of Ian Maclaren is necessarily diffi-
cult. Two, or even three, "single gentle-
men rolled into one," according to the
fancy of George Colman the younger, are
not more manageable than the same
number of stories similarly treated. The
arrangement in the present instance is
singularly inexpert. A number of
Scottish folk, gentle and simple, have
apparently no occupation in life except
to dawdle on and off the stage at the
volition of the adapters. A love interest
of a kind is provided, and proves even
moderately sympathetic. So soon, how-
ever, as it is obtained, it is dismissed,
and there are long wastes on which we
see nothing whatever of the only cha-
racters in whom it is possible to feel the
slightest interest. Against the fact that
we are constantly reminded of other pieces
we urge no protest. It is true that there
are reminiscences in turn of ' The Heart
of Midlothian,' ' The Vicar of Wakefield,'
and other works. To resemblances of
this kind, in times in which invention is
rare on the stage, we must needs be
tolerant if we are to have any drama
at all. The central character, however,
of ' Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush ' — the
man for the sake of whom what might
have been a gracious idyll is converted
into a psychological study — has in the
play no such consistency as distinguishes
his predecessors. " Douce " Davie Deans
is a pragmatical, obstinate creature, for
whom, on account of his sorrows, we feel
a certain amount of solicitude ; while
the Vicar of Wakefield is a delightful and
lovable being whom the fine art of Irving
ultra - sentimentalized. Lachlan Camp-
bell, on the other hand, as he has the
grace to discover, is a Pharisee, and
something also of a curmudgeon, whose
relenting to his daughter is no more
comprehensible than is his first attitude of
unmerited resentment and arraignment.
That he banishes from his house, in a
manner equally callous and inconceivable,
a daughter who is, in fact, guiltless of
any offence, is a departure from the
original due to the dramatists, or more
probably the impersonator of the part,
and nowise to the novelist, who shows
her as reluctant as Lord OUin's daughter
to face "an angry father." We are dis-
posed, indeed, to attribute to the initiative
of Mr. Mollison whatever is least accept-
able in the play. Moved by a natural
and, in a sense, laudable ambition to
create a strongly marked and powerful
character, he has centred the interest of
the plot on a man who never approaches
our sympathies or touches our hearts.
In a conventional sense his acting may
be clever, but it is marred by that excessive
deliberation which is a great and growing
vice of our stage. Other parts are credit-
ably played, and the scenes between
Flora Campbell, the heroine, as played
by Miss Lilian Braithwaite, and young
Lord Hay, as impersonated by Mr.
Henry Ainley, have even a measure
of fragrance. Miss Lettice Fairfax, Mr.
Charles Groves, Mr. Sydney Brough, Mr.
Frank Cooper, and Miss May Harvey are
excellent ; and Mr. Alec Thompson makes
a figure of fun of a bibulous and slothful
postman who devotes to the neglect of
his duties every moment of leisure or
supposed occupation. Some vacillating
and precarious dialect is heard, but the
characters generally are as unsuggestive
of Scotland, either Highland or Lowland,
as they can well be. It is to be feared
that the only chance of popularity consists
in substituting love scenes for those of
paternal wrath and injustice, and convert-
ing, as has been said, into a pleasing idyll
what is an unpleasing drama.
Shaftesbury. — The Jury of Fate : in
Seven Tableaux By C. M. S. McLellan.
Mr. McLellan's new play, the title of
which awoke many pleasurable expecta-
tions, ends in disappointment and defeat.
It furnishes opportunity for one or two
pretty scenes, preaches a gloomy but
familiar moral, and is devoid of either
sympathy or sequence. A " creepy "
feeling is now and then engendered when
we are conscious that in the darkness
an embodied fate is hunting down its
victim. Its terrors are, however, as a
rule, unrealized, and there is not a moment
when the feelings are gripped. So much
is wrong in the conception that the task
of indicating error seems almost useless.
First of nil comes the fact that the separate
scenes are so disconnected and fragment-
ary that interest has not time to accumu-
late or shape itself. So frankly detestable
is the central figure that one could almost
as soon make a hero of Iago or of Barnes
Xewcome. No comprehensible motive
seems to animate most of the characters :
the imaginary effects remain vague and
unrealized ; and even the moral appears
to dismiss from human action the sense
of responsibility. Opportunities arc
scarcely afforded for acting, and the most
arduous efforts of the various exponents
leave us unmoved. A certain measure of
uncanniness is displayed by Mr. H. B.
Irving. No sign of struggle is. liowe\er.
apparent, Man is not shown, as in
the romantic drama, at war with circum-
stance, but, as in the classical drama, .is
its slave. ( 'ircumstauce may. of COUT86,
be regarded as atavism or heredity. Call
28
T II !■: ATM KN'.EUM
N 1080, Jan. 6, 1906
it what we will, the it-suit ifl alike un-
worthy. In place of psychologioal treat-
ment. BUch a< the theme demands, we
are given the most oommonplaoe and
illogical melodrama. The case is Boaroely
Strong enough to justify the applica-
tion of the Horatian maxim v<c detU
itlterrit no god docs intervene, unless,
indirectly, the discredited deity whose
shrine is at Lampeacus. We own to B
feeling of keen disappointment, report
concerning the story in connexion with
its title having led as to hope for a study
on the lines of " St. Leon,' if not on those
of the " Peau de Chagrin.1 Miss Lilian
McCarthy maintains her reputation, and
Miss Chrystal Berne makes an agreeable
debut. Sir. Irving's repudiation of sym-
pathy is destructive of interest; and Mr.
Matheson Lang never acquires bold enough
upon our regard to render us very careful
as to bis fate.
Lodoicick CarlieU : his 'Deserving Favour-
ite: Edited by C. H. Gray. Pb.D. (Chicago,
University Pre--.) — Lodowick Carliell (or
Carlell, as be is more generally called) was
Master of the Bows and Groom of the
Chamber to Charles I. and his queen, and
he wrote plays which were received " with
great applause,'' though a modern critic,
Mr. F. G. Fleay (' Biog. Chron. Eng. Dram.'),
dismisses them somewhat contemptuously.
"The value.'" he says, "of Carlell's works
is simply negative : they show what rubbish
was palatable to Charles and Henrietta."
Other critics have been more lenient in their
judgment, and though it must be admitted
that his works are, not calculated to arouse
the enthusiasm of any, it may at least be
said that they have the negative merit of
being clean and wholesome rubbish. To the
bulk of our readers, we fear, Carliell is but a
bare name ; for his plays have never been
collected or reprinted ; he has not been
fortunate enough to gain admission for even
a single play to Dodsley's or any other collec-
tion of old plays ; and Charles Lamb either
never met with him or did not think Carliell
worthy of a single extract for his delightful
volume of ; Specimens.' Nevertheless stu-
dents and lovers of the British drama must
always welcome the bringing to light of a
new " old play," and Dr. Gray is therefore
sure at least of their thanks for this edition
of ' The Deserving Favourite.' We trust he
may be able to realize his hope of reprinting,
at some future time, the remaining plays —
some eight in all — of his author. Dr. Gray
prefaces his reprint with a biography of
Carliell, a discussion of his plays in general,
and a chapter on the sources of this play in
particular. His work is deserving of all
praise.
£iramattr (Oosstp.
i
'Noah's Ark,' announced as a fairy play
in two acts, by Percy French and Brenden
Stewert, given on Monday afternoon at the
Waldorf Theatre, will be amusing when
played more slowly. Miss Madge Lessing
is agreeable as the heroine, and Mr. Paulton
droll as a Pirate Doll.
According to existing arrangements
Mir. George Alexander will appear at the
St. Jami b'8 Theatre on the 1st of Febru-
ary, necessitating in so doing the with-
drawal at a previous date of ' Beside the
Bonnie Brier Bush.' His return to his own
theatre will take place, as previously
.■miiouiiced, ill Mr. l'inero's ' His BOUM in
Order,' in which he will Im\<- the Support
..! MJSS Irene Vui il >nmli. .Miss Bella Pateinan,
Miss Beryl Faber, and Messrs. Berber!
Waring, LyaU Bwete, Vivian Reynolds, and
Nigel l'ln\ fair.
The Scala Theatre contemplates a Beries
of revivals of spectacular and romantic
drama, to begin on the L3th inst. with A
Royal Divorce,' by W. ,; Wills, a piece in
which on September loth, 1891, Mr. Murray
t larson appeared at the Olympic as Napoleon,
to the Josephine of Miss Hawthorne.
BANISHED by the action of a theatrical
trust company from the regular theatres of
some of the Southern States of America,
Madajne Bernhardt is giving performances
in a huge tent originally occupied by 8 circus
company. With this she travels by special
train over the long distances sometimes
separating Southern cities.
On Monday ' Capt. Drew on Leave ' was
transferred to Wyndham's Theatre. The
only change in the cast consisted in the
appearance of Mr. Edmund Maurice in the
part previously played by Mr. Louis Calvert.
' A Qi'estion of Age,' the new comedy
of Mr. Robert Harcourt, will be produced
at the Court Theatre on February 5th,
Miss Fanny Brough and Mr. Frederick Kerr,
who join the company, having important
parts in it. When, on the following 12th,
' The Voysey Inheritance ' goes into the
evening bill, Mr. Kerr will appear in it also.
On the loth inst. ' Lights Out ' will be
transferred to the Savoy Theatre, with Miss
Eva Moore, Mr. H. V. Esmond, and Mr.
Charles Fulton in their original parts, and
Mr. Leslie Faber, who has replaced Mr.
H. B. Irving as Lieut, van Lauffen.
Thursday, the 25th inst., is fixed for the
production at His Majesty's of Mr. Stephen
Phillips's ' Nero.' The cast (the principal
features in which have been previously
announced) will comprise Mr. Tree as Xero,
Mrs. Tree as Agrippina, Miss Constance
Collier as Poppaea, Miss Dorothea Baird as
Acte, Mr. Fisher White as Seneca, Mr. Lyn
Harding as Burrus, Mr. C. W. Somerset as
Tigellinus, Mr. Esme Percy as Britannicus,
Mr. James Hearn as the Astrologer, and
Mr. Robert Farquharson as Anicetus.
A Danish author, Baron Rosenkrantz, has
just got his novel ' Royal Love,' the story
of Anne Boleyn, dramatized in an English
version, which may be performed at the
Imperial Theatre.
To Correspondents. EL n. S. a. k. s.~f. f.—
received. <;. N. - Certainly. .1. II. Not possible.
.NO notice can i>e taken of anonymous communications.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
AUTHORS' A.GBNTS
Bagsi i:k & Sons
Bell & Sons
Cat o.ni.i is
KIM C kTION U
Exhibitions
Gardeners' < ihronici.e
Mi RST A Bl U RETT
i\<i r wc :: companies ..
Lectures
Longm ins & Co
Sampson Low . M irstom & < o.
M LCMILLAM A Co.
M \<. IZINES, A!
MUDIE'S LlBH LR1
Motes imi <^i eries
l'Ho\ mi vi [NS1 (TUTIONS
Etoi tledge £ Sons
S w.k- B\ \ i i rniN
si in i./i: & Co
Sill ITIONS V ICANT
Situ itio.ns Wanted
smith, Elder a- Co
Sonnenschein & Co
Type-writers
T. Fisher Unwih
William^ a NORG ITE ..
MESSRS. BELLS
NEW BOOKS.
MINIA TURE ILLUSTRA TED CA TALOGUB
pogtjri i mi applica I
Royal 4to, 2f. 2». net
DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE
IN
ENGLAND IX THE SEVENTEENTH
AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES. A
don oi Examples Drawn .unl Photo-
graphed for the use oi Architect* Bj
HORACE FIELD and MICHAEL BUNN1
With Introduction and Notes.
Variorum Edition of Beaumont and
Fletcher.
THE WORKS OF FRANCIS
BEAUMONT AND JOHN FLETCHER.
Edited by A. If. BULLEN. In 12 toIb. 6
10s. 6rf. aet each. VOLS. I. and II. NOW
READY.
IV. //. contains.— 'THE ELDER BROTHER,1
Edited by W. W. Greg ; 'THE SPANISH
CURATE' and -WIT WITHOUT MONEY,'
Edited by R. B. McKerrow; 'BEGGAR'S
BUSH,' Edited by P. A. Daniki. : and 'THE
HUMOROUS LIEUTENANT,' Edited by K.
Warwick Bond. With a Portrait "t Fletoher
from the Painting in the National Portrait
( Sallery.
" We content ourselves with pronouncing the
edition the greatest gift for which the Shake-
spearian student had to hope."
Post S\ o. 6& net.
STUDIES IN POETRY AND
CRITICISM. By J. CHURTON COLLINS.
Content*: — The Poetry and P. Mierica —
The Collected Works of Lord Byron — The Collected
Poems of William Watson — The Poetry of Mr.
Gerald Massey — Miltonic Myths and their Authors
— Longinus : aOreek Criticism- -The True Functions
of Poetry.
"The last essay in the volume is an admirable
plea for the employment of 'poetry, the best
poetry, as an instrument of moral and political
education." " — Athenaeum.
Post Svo, 4s. • >'?. net.
THE UNIVERSAL KINSHIP. By
.1. HOWARD MOORE,
World Philosophy.'
Author of • Battel
[Ready Jan,
l'l..K
•_>
'. '. SO
.. -Js
•J
1
1
.. 3
.. ti
.. SO
1
•>
:sn
B and in
2
:i
.. :ii
1
4
•J
'.'. 3
1
1
.. a
i
1 ami 8
.. 30
NEW VOLUME OF
THE ENDYMION SERIES.
Post Svo. :>. fJd.
POEMS BY TENNYSON. Illus-
trated by ELEANOR FORTESCUE BRICK-
DALE.
■■ A delightful volume and an ideal gift -book."
Guardian.
A\"ith numerous Full-Page Plates and other
Illustrations, post 8vo, 6ft. net.
HOW TO COLLECT BOOKS. By
.1. HERBERT SLATER, Editor of 'Book-
Prices Current,' Author of 'The Romance of
Book-Collecting,' ftc.
'•\\\11 deserves the attention of oonnoisseure
well as those mere beginners to whose special
needs it has been the writer's avowed object to
minister." — DaUy Telegraph.
London: GEORGE BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street. Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N° 4080, Jan. 6, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
29
MACMILLAN & CO.'S LIST.
FOURTH EDITION, REVISED AM) ENLARGED, NOW READY.
ELEMENTARY TRIGONOMETRY.
Kv H. s. HALL and S. R. KNIGHT. Globe m,., fc. Bd.
Tin's Edition is adapted to all the modern requirements. In particular, it contains Graphs of the Trigonometrical Functions, and Examples of their use. A special feature is the
arae number of Examples in Illustration of Four-Figure Tallies. Tallies of Logarithms, Anti-Logarithms, Natural and Logarithmic Functions (special!; compiled), are given at the end
lari
of the hook
The Old Edition is still on sale.
A SHILLING ARITHMETIC.
By S. L. LONEY and L. W. GRENVILLK. Is. : with Answers, Is. Bd.
[Shortly.
THE BEGINNER'S SET OF MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS.
Bow Compass ; Dividers ; 2 Nickel Set Squares, 45° (4 in.) and 00" (5 in.) ; Nickel Protractor : 6-in. Hide, double-bevelled, inches and millimetres ; and a Lead Pencil. In metal
Pocket-Case, Is. Bd. net.
AN INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL GEOGRAPHY.
By A. T. SIMMONS, Associate of the Royal College of Science, London, and HUGH RICHARDSON. M.A., Senior Science Master of Bootham School. York. Globe Svo, 3s. 6<f.
*.* The Exercises in this book include the practical work suggested in the New Regulations issued by the Board of Education.
RECENT WORKS ON GEOMETRY TO MEET THE NEW REQUIREMENTS.
LESSONS IN EXPERIMENTAL AND PRACTICAL GEOMETRY. By H. S. Hall and F. H. Stevens. Crown 8vo, Is. 6d.
A SCHOOL GEOMETRY. By H. S. Hall and F. H. Stevens. Crown 8vo
Part III. 1*.— Parts I., II., and III. 2s. (irf. (This Volume exactly suits the requirements
I.-1V. 3s. KEY, (te.— Parts III. and IV. Is. Bd.— Part V. 1*. <»'.— Parts IV. and
Parts I.-VI. 4s. Bd. KEY, 8s. Bd.— Part T. Is.— Parts I. and II. Is. 6d. KEY, 3s. Bd.
of the New Syllabus for the Preliminary Examination for the Certificate.)— Part IV. Sewed. Bd. — Parts j..-±». o*. i\r. lumuin. n. ™. — rem .. u>. w
V. 2».— Parts IV. is. (This Volume exactly suits the requirements contained in both Parts of the Syllabus for the Teachers' Certificate Examination.) — Part VI. Is. 6d.— Parts IV.
V., and VI. 28. tid.
A NEW GEOMETRY FOR SCHOOLS. By S. Barnard, Assistant Master at Rugby School, and J. M. Child, Lecturer in Mathematics,
Technical College, Derby. (Containing the Substance of Euclid, Bonks I.-VI.) Crown 8vo, -1-. Bd.
A NEW GEOMETRY FOR JUNIOR FORMS. By S. Barnard and J. M. Child. (Containing the Substance of Euclid, Books I., III. 1-31,
the easy parts of Bonk IV., and a Description of the Forms of the Simpler Solids.) Crown Bvo, 2s. Bd.
This Volume contains all the Practical and Theoretical Geometry required for a pass by Junior Candidates in the University Locals.
A NEW GEOMETRY for SENIOR FORMS. By S. Barnard and J. M. Child. (Containing the Substance of Euclid, Books II., VI., XL,
together with the Mensuration of Solids.) Crown Svo, 3s. 6rf.
THEORETICAL GEOMETRY FOR BEGINNERS. By C. H. Allcock, Senior Mathematical Master at Eton Part I. (containing the
Substance of Euclid, Book I.): Part II. (containing the Substance of Euclid, Book III. Props. i_-34, and Book IV. Props. 1.-9); Part III. (containing the substance of
Euclid, Hook II. Props. 1-14, Book III. Props. :;;>-:s7, and Book IV. Props. 10-lti) ; and Part IV. (This Part treats of Ratio and Proportion and their application to
Geometrical Theorems and Problems.) Globe 8vo, Is. Bd. each.
PRACTICAL EXERCISES IN GEOMETRY. By W. D. Eggar, Assistant Master at Eton College. Revised Edition, with Answers.
Globe Svo. 2S. ('■•'.
BOOKS FOR SPECIAL EXAMINATIONS,' 1906.
CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS, 1906.
s. d.
TUB GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST. LUKE.— THE GREEK TEXT. With
Introduction and Notes. J. Bond. (Preliminary, Jtmior, and Senior) . . .. 2 ii
THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES.— AUTHORISED VERSION. With .Votes.
T. E. Page and A. S. Walpole. (Junim- and Senior) 2 6
THE GREEK TEXT. With Notes. T. E. Page, (Junior and Senior) . . ..3 6
SHAKESPEARE'S HENRY V. K. DEIGHTON. (Junior and Senior) 1 ;>
TEMPEST. K. In ii.li ion. (Senior) 19
RANSOME'S SHORT STUDIES OF SHAKESPEARE'S PLOTS. — THE
TEMPEST. (Senior) • 0 9
SCOTT'S LADY OF THE LAKE. G. H. Stuart. (Pi and Junior.) 2s. erf.
sewed 2 0
OLD MORTALITY. (Senior) net 2 0
ADDISON'S COVERLEY PAPERS. K. DEIGHTON. (Junior) 19
TENNYSON'S COMING OF ARTHUR AM) THE PASSING OF ARTHUR.
F. .}. Rowe. (Junior and Senior)
HOLY GRAIL. G. C. Macaulay. (Senioi)
JUS
2 Ii
2 6
r pi
THUCYDIDES. BOOK I. By E. C. lVIareharit. 3s. 6d
BYRON'S CHILDE HAROLD'S PILGRIMAGE. Cantos III. and IV. E. F
Morris. (Senior)
KEARY'S HEROES OF ASGARD. (Preliminary)
( KSAR'S DE HFI.l.o GALLICO. BOOK VI. C. Colbeck. (Junior)
\ IKoil.s KNF.1D. BookVL T.E.Page (Junior and &
TACITUS'S AGRICOLA. A. J. Church and W. J. Brodrirb. (Senior)
CICERO'S DE AMICITIA. E. S. Shuckburgh. (Senior)
HORACE s ODES. BOOKS II. and IV. T.E.Page. (Senior)..
— BOOKS LL and IV. T.E.Page. (Senior)
MOLIERE'S L'AVARE. L. M. Moriarty. (&i
HAUFFS DIE KARAVANE. H. Hager, (Junior)
SCHILLER'S MARIA STUART. C. Sheldon. (Senior) ..
MARIA STUART. H. Schoenfeld. (Senior)
XENOPHON'S ANABASIS. BOOK V. o. II. Nux. (Junior)
EURIPIDES'S ALCESTIS. M. A. Bayfield. (Junior and Senior)
EURTPIDES'S ALCESTIS. M. L. K.vki.k. (Junior and Senior). .
BLISHED.
each
each
2 i
COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS' EXAMS., 1906.
ACTS OF THE APOSTLES AUTHORISED VERSION. With Notes. Bv T. F.
Page and Rev. A. S. Walpole
THE GREEK TEXT, with Notes. Bj T. E. Page ..
LUKE, ST. The Gospel according to st. Luke. Being the Greek Text as Revised by
'Bishop Westcott and Dr. Horn, with Explanatory Notes by Rev. John
Bond '
welch and duffield's exercises in unseen translation in
LATIN
ALFORD'S LATIN PASSAGES FOR TRANSLATION
i ESAR'S GALLIC WAR. •!. Bo.np and A. S. Walpole (First and Second Class)
GALLIC WAR BOOKS II. and HX W. G. Rutherford. (First Class) ..
GALLIC WAR. BOOK L A. S. WaLPOLE. (First and Second Class) ..
GALLIC WAR. BOOKVL C. Colbeck. (Sec IClass)
■ HELVETIAN war. w. Welch and C. G. Duffield. (Third Class) .
VIRGIL'S 1 MID. BOOK I. T. E. PAGE. (Firsti .. ..
.KNFID. BOOK I. A. S. Walpole (First and Second Class)
.FNFID BOOKVL T. E. Page. (First and iss)
CICERO'S DE AMKTTIA. E. S. SHUCKBURGH. (Fi rut Class)
Uoi:\( E'S ODES. BOOK 1. T. K. Pag ; Edited bv the same. (First
EURIPIDES'S ALCESTIS. M. A. Bayfield, (First Class)
ALCESTIS. M. L. Eakle (First Class)
EUTROPH's. BOOKS [.and II. W. Welch and C. G. Duffield. (Third Class)
XENOPHON'S ANABASLS. BOOK II. A. S. Wali (First and Second Class)
INABASIS. BOOK V. (;. II Nut (First and Second Class)
PEACOCK LND BELL'S PASSAGES FOR GREEK TRANSLATION
•>
(1.
e
3
6
2
6
1
6
3
0
4
6
I
6
1
(i
1
<
1
6
1
8
1
6
1
6
1
6
•>
0
1
6
:;
6
1
6
1
6
1
6
1
6
S. </.
SHAKESPEARE'S HENRY V. K. DEIGHTON. With Appendix. (/
Class) .. .. i
THE TEMPEST. K. DEIGHTON. (First and Second Class) 1
RANSOME'S SHORT STUDIES OF
(First and - ass)
SCOTT'S LAY OF nil': LAST MINSTREL.
See / and Third Class)
LAV OF Till'. LAST MINSTREL. G. II. STUART and F. II
(Third Class.) Cantos I. III.. Is. :;■'
■LADYOFTHE1 \KK. G. H. Sti irt. (Second and Third Class), is. Bd ; sewed
TENNYSON'S COMING <>l ARTHUB AND Till. PASSING 01 ARTHUR
F. .1. Row i . (First Class) ....
HOLY GRAIL. G. C. Macaulay. (First Class)
MACA1 LAY'S LAYS OF ANCIENT ROME (containing 'Horatius' and 'Battle ol
Lake Regillus '). W.T.Webb. (Th\ nns) .
HORATIUS. w. T. Webb, i Lou\
S UN l> 111 RY'S SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLISH I.I I I RATI RE
NESFIELD'S OUTLINE OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR
KEY, !!•
ORAL EXERCISES IN ENGLISH COMPOSITION. (Third Class) .. 1
JUNIOR COURSE OF ENGLLSH COMPOSITION. (S I Class) l
SENIOR COURSE OF ENGLISH COMPOSITION
KEY, net is. (First Class).
MANUAL OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR LND COMPOSlTIOfi .. 2
K F\ . net 2s. Bd. I I
HAUFF'S DIE KARA VAN1 n Hager, (First Class) 3
t /-'list ii ii i Second Class)
SH iKESPE IRE'S PLOTS : The Tempest
><•« ed
G. ii. sit \sa and E. ii. Elliot.
Eli tot.
-. wed
sew et 1
1 0
1 '
0 ,
s I
1 •
MACMILLAN & CO., Limited, St. Martin's Street, London, W.C.
:; i
Til E AT II i;\ .KUM
V4080, Jan. 6, 1006
WILLIAMS & NORGATE.
JTJ8T READY, demj Bvo, cloth, 7a. •
DANIEL AND HIS PROPHECIES.
Bj Rev. c. 11. ii. w incur. D.D. Ph.D., &c
JUST READY, 180 pp. cloth, 6s.
THE HISTORY OF EARLY
CHRISTIAN LITERATURE.
THI Hooks OF THE XF.w TESTAMENT.
By ll. vo.N SODEN, D.D.,
Professor of Theology in the University of Berlin.
Enlarged to 240 pp. Is. <»'. net ; post free, 2a. M.
subscription, VOa. per annum, post free.
THE HIBBERT JOURNAL.
A Quarterly Review of Religion, Theology,
and Philosophy.
Principal Contents of the JANUARY NUMBER.
CHRISTIANITY FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF
NON". CHRISTIAN RELIGION. III. Christianity
from the Islamic Standpoint By Ameer Ali, MA. ('.I.E.
OUTCOME OF THE THEOLOGICAL MOVEMENT OF
OCR AGE. Bv the Rev. Heber Newton, D.D.
A JAPANESE BUDDHIST SECT WHICH PREACHES
SALVATION 15 V FAITH. Bv James Troup.
THE WORKING FAITH OF THE SOCIAL REFORMER.
II. Bv Prof. Henry Jones, LL.D.
CHRISTIANITY AND SCIENCE. I. The Material
Element in Christianity. Bv Sir Oliver Lodge.
FAITH, REASON, AND RELIGION. Bv F. C. S. Shiller.
WHO M AKES OCR THEOLOGY? Bv Prof. E. Armitage.
CHRIST AND CESAR. Bv I'rof. James Iverach, D.D.
DO I BELIEVE IN THE RESURRECTION? By F.
Storrs Turner.
INFIN ITY. Bv St. George Stock.
RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE AS A SCHOOL SUBJECT.
By A. S. Furnell. M.A.
ARE THE CLERGY HONEST? By the Rev. W.
Maiming, M.A.
PLEA FOR MYSTICISM ONCE MORE. By Mrs. G. H.
Fox.
DISCUSSIONS. REVIEWS.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RECENT LITERATURE.
WILLIAMS & NORGATE,
14, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
For Acidity of the Stomach.
For Heartburn and Headache.
For Gout and Indigestion.
D
INNEFORD'S
M
A G N E S I A.
For Sour Eructations and Bilious Affections.
A Safe and most effective Aperient for
regular use.
ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS, SICKNESS,
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, BURGLARY, AND
FIDELITY GUARANTEE RISKS
INSURED AGAINST BY THE
"OAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
Capital {fully subscribed) £1.nno.oon. claims paid £fi,nno,000.
64, CORNHILL, LONDON.
A. VI AN, Secretary.
THE
T IVERPOOL AND LONDON AND GLOBE
INSURANCE COMPANY.
Established iK)n.
Total Assets exceed 411,000,000.
FIRE. LIFE. ANNUITIES.
Insurances effected against loss by Fire in all parts of the World
at moderate rates.
For the Quinquennium ended December 31, 1903, the large Rever-
sionary Bonus of 358. per cent, per annum was again declared on
Sums Assured under the Participating Tables of the Prospectus.
Expenses moderate. Bonuses large.
Head Office— 1, DALE STREET, LIVERPOOL.
London Chief Office-1. CORNHILL.
TENTH EDITION, price Two Shilling .
CELESTIAL MOTIONS
A Handy Book of Astronomy.
Tenth Edition. With -\ Hates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.K.A.S.,
Associate of King's College, London; Lay Reader in the Diooese oi Sonthwark,
Author of 'Remarkable Comets/ 'Remarkable Eclipses,' 'Astronomy for the Young,' &c.
" Well known as one of our host introductions to astronomy. " -Ouardian.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
f
SEVENTH EDITION, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
REMARKABLE ECLIPSES:
A Sketch of the most interesting Circumstances connected with the
Observation of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, both in Ancient and Modern Times.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
TWELFTH EDITION, JUST OUT, price Sixpence, cloth.
REMARKABLE COMETS:
A Brief Survey of the most interesting Facts in the History of Cometary
Astronomy.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
THIRD EDITION EXHAUSTED.
FOURTH EDITION, Revised to 1905, NOW READY, fcap. Svo, cloth, price Sixpence.
ASTRONOMY FOR THE YOUNG.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
Api li-aticn for A&3n;uc invite 1
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
FIRST EDITION EXHAUSTED.
SECOND EDITION NOW READY, price One Shilling.
BIBLE CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Recorded in the Holy Scriptures, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates, with a Description of the Places named,
and a Supplement on English Versions.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
SECOND EDITION, fcap. Svo, price Fourpence.
NEW TESTAMENT CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Recorded in the New Testament, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
THIRD EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED.
THE PENNY CHRONOLOGY:
A Series of Important Dates in the History of the World from the Reign of
David to the Present Time.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
Associate of King's College, London ; Lay Reader in the Diocese of Sonthwark.
Author of 'Celestial Motions," Remarkable Comets.' ' Remarkable Eclipses,' 'Astronomy for
the Young,' &c.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
N° 4080, Jan. 6, 1906
THE ATHEN.EUM
31
y »
44 Lbarned, Chatty, Useful." — Athenaeum.
44 That delightful repository of forgotten lore, ' Notes and Queries.'
Edinburgh Review, October, 1880
Every Saturday, of any Bookseller or Newsagent in England, price id. ; or free by post to the Continent, 4|i.
NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTERCOMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN AND GENERAL READERS.
• *
Subscription, 10s. 3d. for Six Months ; 20s. 6d. for Twelve Months, including postage.
The NINTH SERIES of NOTES AND QUERIES, complete in 12 vols.
(JANUARY, 1898, to DECEMBER, 1903), price 10s. 6d. each Volume,
contains, in addition to a great variety of similar Notes and Replies,
Articles of Interest on the following Subjects.
SECOND S
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND LITERARY HISTORY.
Campbell, Keats, and Virgil — Allusions in Carlyle — Casanoviana
— Authors of the Chaldee MS. — CLauceriana — Chorley on the
Birth of Edward VII. — Civil List Pensions — John Cleave and
the Taxes on Knowledge — Coleridge as a Translator — County
Histories — Cowper on his own Immortality — Daniel's ' Sonnets
to Delia' — Danteiana — De Quincey's Syntax — Dibdin Biblio-
graphy— Dickensiana — Drydeniana — Edition, its Meaning —
George Eliot and Mark Rutherford — ' Field ' Jubilee —
Fielding's 'Tom Jones' in France — Edward FitzGerald and
E. M. Fitzgerald — Percy Fitzgerald's ' Pickwickian Manners
and Customs ' — Florio's ' Montaigne ' — Fly-leaf Inscriptions.
BIOGRAPHY.
Dorothy Cecil — Job Charnock, Founder of Calcutta — Chester-
field on Beau Nash — Col. T. Cooper — General Cope — Defoe's
Last Descendants — Notes on the ' Dictionary of National
Biography ' — Ralph Dodd and the Thames Tunnel — Date of
Robert Dodsley's Death — Due d'Enghien's Death — Chancellor
Silvan Evans — Fahrenheit and his Thermometer — Flaxman's
Wife — Ugo Foscolo in London — Lady Elizabeth Foster —
Simon Fraser, Lord Lovat — Epitaph on Mary Frith (" Moll
Cutpurse").
CLASSICAL SUBJECTS.
" Bernardus non vidit omnia " — " Comes jucundus in via pro
vehiculo est " — " Cane decane canas " — " Crescit amor nummi "
— " De male qusesitis vix gaudet " — " Dies creta notandus " —
" Est rosa flos Veneris " — " Furem pretiosa signata sollicitant."
ECCLESIASTICAL MATTERS.
Queen Candace — English Cardinals — Organs destroyed by
Cromwell — Chalice as Race Cup— Childbed Pew — Chi-Rho
Monogram — Modern Instrumental Choirs — Clipping the Church
— Smallest Church in England — Deflected Chancels — Devil's
Door in Churches — Clergymen as Duellists — Papal Bull against
a Comet — Use of the Cope — Crosier and Pastoral Staff — Date
of the Crucifixion — Clandestine Marriages in Curzon Chapel,
Mayfair — Defender of the Faith — Epitaph at Doncsister —
Bleeding Image in Christ Church, Dublin — Title of Bishop of
Durham — Easter and the Full Moon — Eucharist eaten by Mice.
FINE ARTS.
Miniature of Mrs. C. Arbuthnot — Architectural "Follies" —
Artists' Mistakes — Portraits of Joanna Baillie — Books illus-
trated by Blake — Buss's Illustrations of Dickens — Christ as an
Infant at the Breast — Portraits of Dante — George Dawe, R.A.
— Desborough Portraits — Lawrence's Picture of Countess of
Derby — Portraits of Female Fighters — Marjorie Fleming's
Portrait.
ELECTION.
FOLK-LORE and POPULAR ANTIQUITIES.
Child's Caul — Childbirth Folk-lore — Christmas Decorations —
Coal as a Charm — Cure by Hand of a Corpse — Crossing Knives
and Forks — Cup-turning in Fortune-telling — Devil as a Black
Dog — Drowned Bodies Recovered — Evil Eye — Fire kept
Burning — " First Foot " on New Year's Day — First Flesh-eater
— Flogging at the Cart-tail — Flower Game — Football on Shrove
Tuesday — Footprints — Coins in Foundation Ston&s — French
Robin Hood — Freund Hein in German Folk-tales — Friday
Superstition.
GENEALOGY and HERALDRY.
Carey Family — Carson Family — Centenarians — Knightley
Charleton, of Apley Castle — Chelsea Borough Arms — Bridget
Cheynell — Brothers and Sisters with same Christian Names —
Citizen Baronets — Right to Cockades — Cogan Peerage —
Commonwealth Arms in Churches — Continental Heraldry —
John Crewe, three of the Name — De Liancourt, four of the
Name — Arms of the Dominican Order — Dowager Peeress's
Title — Arms of Dutch East India Company — Dutton Family
and Arms — Edgett Family — Foreign Arms in England — The
Title Esquire — Eton College Arms — Family Crests — Fir-cone
in Heraldry — Fleetwood Pedigree — Le Neve Foster Arms and
Motto.
HISTORY: ENGLISH, IRISH, and SCOTTISH.
The Cabinet and the Constitution — Canute and the Tide —
Queen Caroline's Trial — King's Champion — Genuine Relics of
Charles I. — Charles II. 's Hiding-places — Death of Princess
Charlotte — Conservative as Political Term — Coronations of
Victoria and Edward VII. — Cromwelliana — English Contingent
in the Last Crusade — British Prisoners in France — Snow at
Battle of Edge Hill— Edward VII.'s Title in Scotland— Scandal
concerning Elizabeth — Executions at Tyburn — Fathers of the
House of Commons — The National Flag — Flemish Weavers in
England — Northern Fighters at Flodden — Irish Brigade at
Fontenoy — Lines on Frederick, Prince of Wales — French
Prisoners of War in England.
MUSIC AND THE
Early Mention
DRAMA.
of Actresses — The Dresden Amen — First
American Theatrical Company in England — Mrs. Charlotte
Atkyns -Baoon-Shakespeare Controversy — John Bland. Edin-
burgh Actor — Mrs. Patrick Campbell styled "Cceli Regina" —
Cervantes on the Stage — Musical Settings of Cowley's Poems —
Exeter Theatre in 1348 — Blanche Fane, Actress — Farquhar'a
4 Beaux' Stratagem.'
Published by JOHN C. FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, E.C.
52
Til K A Til i:\Tl' M
X" 4(180, Jan. (5. 1906
SMITH, ELDER & CO.'S PUBLICATIONS.
THE HISTORY OF "THE FOURTH PARTY.''
RE \1>V ON M< INDA"S NEXT, with a Reproduction of the Oartoon of "TIIK FOURTH PART'S '? from Vanity Fair as Frontispiece, and a Facsimile Letter
from the lute Lord Salisbury to .Sir Henry Drummond Wolffi Large poet 8vo, 7-. Bd. net.
THE FOURTH PARTY.
BY HAROLD E. GOKHT. WITH A PREFACE BY SIR JOHN GORST, M.P.
*»* In writing this book Mr. Gorst has had access to the exhaustive private correspondence of Sir Henry Drummond Wolff with the
members of the Fourth Party, and he has throughout derived first-hand information from his father, Sir John Eldon Gorst, M.P.
Dedicated by permission to His Majesty the King.
MEMOIR OF SIR HENRY KEPPEL, G.C.B., Admiral of the Fleet. By
the Bight Hon. Sir ALGERNON WEST, G.C.B. With Portraits ami Illustrations, large post 8vo, 7s. 6d. net
PUNCH. " With light touch Sir Algernon West brings the personality of a simple-hearted yet capable man home to
the reader who knew him onlj by name."
THE SOURCE OF THE BLUE NILE. A Record of a Journey through
the Somlan to take Tsana, in Western Abyssinia, and of the Return to Egypt bj the Valley of the Atb.ua. With
a Note on the Religions, Customs, &c., of Abyssinia. By ARTHUR .1. HAYES, L.S.A., London, Medical Officer,
Quarantine Office, Suez, with 2 Maps and 32 pages of illustrations, io& 6d. net.
ST. I .V DA RD. "'The Source of the Blue Nile' is not only a pleasantly written book of travel, but also affords much
information about the religions, customs, and past history of a very interesting people, which at present is a factor in
North East African politics which cannot be neglected."
LEAVES FROM THE DIARY OF HENRY GREVILLE. Fourth Series.
By ALICE, COUNTESS of STRAFFORD. With an Index to the Four Series. 8vo, 14s.
TIMES.— "The fourth and final instalment of Henry Greville's Diary is fully equal, perhaps more than equal, to its
precursors." . , , ,.,.,,
NOTE.— The three previous Series are m print, and can lie supplied price 14s. each.
FIFTY YEARS OF FAILURE : Confessions of an Optimist. With a Frontis-
piece. Small demy 8vo, 10s. (id. net.
GUARDIAN. -"The book before us is a good example of how to make an uneventful life, uneventful at any rate from
a public point of view, extremely amU8ing and interesting."
THE UPTON LETTERS. By T. B. Fifth Impression. Large post 8vo,
7a Oct net
DAILY NEWS.—"li any one supposes that the art of letter-writing is dead, this volume will prove the contrary."
THE VOYAGE OF THE "DISCOVERY." By Capt. Robert F. Scott,
C.Y.O. R.X. SECOND IMPRESSION. With Illustrations and Photographs by Dr. E. A. WILSON ami other
Members of the Expedition. 2 vols, royal 8vo, 42». net.
ATHENAEUM. - " Never has a Polar expedition returned with richer results, geographical and scientific, than those
of which the record is contained in these two splendid volumes."
THE LIFE OF VOLTAIRE. By S. G. Tallentyre, Author of ' The Women
of the Salons,' Arc. NEW AND CHEAPER EDITION, in 1 vol. of 000 pages, small demy 8vo, with a Photo-
gravure Frontispiece and other Illustrations, 10*. 6d. net.
THE SPARROW WITH ONE WHITE FEATHER. By Lady Ridley,
Author of 'The Story of Aline' 'Anne Mainwaring,' 'A Daughter of Jael,' Arc With 16 Illustrations by Mrs.
ADRIAN HOPE. SECOND IMPRESSION. Pott 4to, 6*. net
BOOKMAN. — "The book is written with great distinction and charm, and stands out among the best of its kind."
MODERN GERMANY: her Political and Economic Problems, her Policy,
her Ambitions, and the Causes of her Success, l'.y O. ELTZBACHER. Small demy 8vo, 7ft (id. net.
DAILY MAIL.— "There is much that we would quote, but the best course is to send the reader to a book which
should be in every library."
THE POETICAL WORKS OF ROBERT BRIDGES. Vols. I.-VI. Small
crown Svo, 6s. each.
BACK TO SUNNY SEAS. By Frank T. Bullen, F.R.G.S., Author of ' The
Cruise 'of the "Cachalot,"' 'The Log of a Sea-waif,' &C. With a Full-Page Illustrations in Colour by A. S.
FORREST, R.I. Crown 870, 6s.
STASDARD.—" A breezy, attractive book, full of shrewd and kind judgments, and by no means destitute at the
same time of salient facts."
THE CORNHILL MAGAZINE.
For JANUARY. Price ONE SHILLING.
LNNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, INCLUDING POSTAGE TO ANY ADDRESS IN THE POSTAL UNION, 14s.,
PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
7T.YC7/.— "The Conihill is always among the brightest of the magazines, dealing with an unfailing variety of
interesting matter."
STAN LEY J. WEYM AN
BEGINS IN THE JANUARY NUMBER
A NEW SERIAL STORY, entitled
CHIPPING E,
Which will be continued throughout the year.
The J A .V/'.l /.'I' A UMBER contains in addition the following Contributions :—,
SIB .MillN CONSTANTINE. Chaps. 13-14. By A. 'J'.
Quiller-Couch.
MAYFAIR AND THACKERAY. By the Bight Hon. sir
Algernon West. G.C.B.
AN EARLY VICTORIAN TALE. Bv A. II. S.
"JUDGES' WIT." Bv Viscount St (vies.
A DRAMA OF DEVON. By Horace Hutchinson.
MATTER, .MOTION, AND MOLECULES. By W. A.
Shcnstone, F.R.S.
A MEMORY. By Katharine Tynan.
REMINISCENCES OF A Dl I'LOM ATIST. IV.
THE OTTERS STONE POOL. By W. Earl Hodgson.
FROM A COLLEGE WINDOW. IX.
POPULAR SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
THE PRINCESS
PRISCILLA'S FORTNIGHT.
B\ the AUTHOR of ELIZABETH AND HER GERMAN
GARDEN.'
I IIIBD IMPRESSION.
STASDARD. • T..1. 1 l.y the author of • Elizabeth and bei Qennaa
Garden1 in her most charming vein."
OUTLOOK. "To t.ik. up a hook by the authoi h an. I
her German (terden'it o> expect entertainment and generally
it. Here we an- not disappointed."
THE KING'S REVOKE :
An Episode in the Life of Patrick Dillon.
By Mrs. MARGARET L. WOODS.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
SPEOTA TOR lii. book is a delight to read t'..r id.- chain
Tu he laid a/ all Booksellers and Newsagents, or direct front the Publishers.
I.ii ;m terisation, for it?
of Spain, an.) for a genu!
temporary v. liters of this
.1 TIIE'S.KIM. --Til,
historic sense of the glory and weakness
le distinction of style un*un-a>-ed by con*
la- .it fiction."
tory abounds with episode, and is a very
taking piece of Intrigue ami adventure."
THE DIFFICULT WAY.
By Mrs. PERCY DEAHMEK.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
OUTLOOK. — "The t k is marked by unusual spiritual insight
and largeness of sympathy, and by a triumphant and reasoned
optimism which it i- L-.....1 and wholesome t<> inert with "
CHURCH TIMES. "A most touching and beautiful story, full of
Btrong situations and l'<><><1 character-drawing, and not without many
i. ..I, hes of humour."
FRENCH NAN.
By AGNES and EGERTON CASTLE.
Authors of 'The Secret Orchard,' 'The Stai Dreamer,'
'Incomparable Bellairs,' ' Rose of the World.' ,Vc.
With 12 Full-Page Illustrations bv F. H. ToWNsENI), and
a Cover Design bv GRAHAM AWDKY.
THIRD IMPRESSION IN THE PRESS.
DAILY TELEGRAPH,— "Traif » very graceful and dainty little
story. Mi. an. 1 Mi- Kin'teni Castle have at ated to the
excellent advantage "f a public who like all that is pretty and grace-
ful, chivalrous and true. It is a book that will a. hie'
when the last page is turned the reader is likely to hie back to the
beginning and read ii all over again."
GUARDIAK "A sparkling, \i\id. dainty tale of the eighteenth
century told with all the peculiar charm to which the authors have
accustomed their readers.
THE FIRST
MRS. M0LLIVAR.
Bj EDITH AYRTON ZANGWILL,
Am nor of ' The Barbarous Babes.'
SECOND EDITION IN THE PRESS
DAILY NEWS "Theportrayal of the grim occurrences, which,
callable of natural explanation, yet seem tragically supernatural,
show Mrs. Zangwill to be a writer of increasing
THE MAN FROM AMERICA:
\ Sentimental Comedy.
By Mrs. HENRY DE LA PASTURE,
Author of 'Deborah of Tod's,' 'Cornelius.' 'Peter's
Mother,' &C
second IMPRESSION.
GUARDIAN..—" An excellent specimen of the writer spower ; it is
eminently readable and pleasant, and it contains at least one clever
and most attractive personage in the shape of the old l'i .n. ..Irish
man, Patrick O'Reilly, Vicomte de Nauroy. He is charming from his
hist appearance with the two little --iris to the lasi
ATHENASUM. "The interest of the story is never allowed to flag,
and the characterisation is redeemed by charming touches of humour
ami originality."
DICK PENTREATH.
By KATHARINE TYNAN,
Author of The Den Irish Girl,' 'The Honourable Molly,'
•Julia.' &C.
second IMPRESSION.
MORNING POST " It Is the best, the strongest book Katharine
Tynan has vet written, and will in, rease her well-deserved reputation. '
DAILY TELEGRAPH. ■" There is always about Katharine
Tynans stories a sweet wholesoiueness which makes them a pi
change from the lurid sensationalism in which so uiauy writers
indulgi
London: SMITH, ELDER & CO. 15, Waterloo Place, S.W.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to •■THE EDITOR."— Advertisements and Business betters to "THE PUBLISHER "—at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery lane, B.C.
Published Weekly by JOHN C. FRAMCIS and .1. EDWARD FRANCIS at breams Buildings, Chancery bane, E.O., and Printed by J. EDWARD FRANCES, Athenaeum l'rcss. Bream's Building, Chancery Lane, B.O.
Agents for .Scotland, Messrs. DELL & liKADFUTE and Mr. JU11N MK.N'ZIES, Edinburgh.— Saturday, January ti, I'M.
THE ATHEN^UM
No. 4081.
SATURDAY, JANUARY 13, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER.
BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
33 SACKVILLE STREET. PICCADILLY, W. -EVEXIXll
■\IFFTING .' \\"U M1Y 17. at B p.m. The following Papers will be
read I— l" 'ST. CI. ETHER. HIS CHAPEL AND HOLY WELLS.'
by Mrs COLLIER. •_>. THE CURTIAN LAKE,' by Dr. RUSSELL
FORBES. GEO. PATRICK, Hon. Sec.
ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
(Incorporated by Royal Charter.)
An ORDINARY MEETING of the SOCIETY will be held on
THURSDAY, January it*, at 5 p.m., in CLIFFORD'S INN HALL.
Fleet Street, when Mr. PERI'Y ASHLEY will read a Paper on
•THE STUDY OF NINETEENTH CENTURY HISTORY.'
H. E. MALDEN. Hon. Sec.
THE FOLK-LORE SOCIETY.— The ANNUAL
MEETING of the SOCIETY will be held at 82, ALBEMARLE
STREET, PICCADILLY, on WEDNESDAY, January it. at 8 p.m .
•when the Animal Report and Balance Sheet will be presented and
the President, Mr. XV. H. D. BOUSE, will deliver his Presidential
Address. 1' A MILNE, Secretary.
11, Old Square. Lincoln's Inn. W.C.,
January 8, hiw>.
EOYAL INSTITUTION OFGREAT BRITAIN,
ALBEMARLE STREET. PICCADILLY, W.
TUESDAY NEXT (January 181, at 5 o'clock, Prof. EDWARD
HARPER PARKER. MA. FIRST of THREE LECTURES on
■IMPRESSIONS OF TRAVEL IN CHINA AND THE FAR EAST.'
Haifa-Guinea the Course.
THURSDAY. January 18, at 5 o'clock, tin- Rev. Canon HENRY
CHARLES BEECHING, M.A. D.Litt.. FIRST of TWO LECTURES
on 'SHAKESPEARE.' Half-a-Guinea.
SATURDAY. January 20, at 3 o'clock, J. E. C BODLEY, Esq.,
FIRST of TWO LECTURES on 'THE CHURCH IN FRANCE.'
Half -a Guinea.
Subscription t.> all Courses of Lectures in the Season, Two Guineas.
The FRIDAY EVENING MEETINGS will BEGIN on JANU-
ARY IS at « o'clock, when Prof. J. J. THOMSON. M.A LED.
FRS will give a DISCOURSE on 'SOME APPLICATIONS OF
THE THEORY OF ELECTRIC DISCHARGE To SPECTRO-
SCOPY.
To these Meetings Members and their Friends only are admitted.
N T V E R S I T Y OF LONDON.
U
The COURSE of LECTURES on COMPARATIVE Psychology
under the Martin White Benefaction, announced to be given on
WEDNESDAYS during the LENT TERM at the LONDON SCHOOL
of ECONOMICS, Clare Market. Kingsway, W.C., by Mr. L. T. Hob-
house, MA. will be delivered in his stead by Dr. J. w. SLAUGHTER.
The First Lecture of the Course, on Wednesday. January 17,
1906, at :S p.m.. will lie free.
CARFAX & CO., Ltd.. 24. Bury Street,
EXHIBITION "i PICTURES by living Members
in,l \ the Royal Academy. open 10 till « every day,
including Saturday. Admission < toe Shilling.
■VTEWSVENDORS' BENEVOLENT AND
J.1 PROVIDENT INSTITUTION.
Founded 1839.
Funds exceed 25,0001.
Office : Memorial Hall Buildings, 16. Farringdon Street, London, E.O.
Patron :
The Right Hon. THE EARL OF ROSEBERY, E.G. E.T.
President :
The LORD GLEXESK.
Treasurer :
THE LONDON AND WESTMINSTER BANK. LIMITED.
A Donation of Ten Guineas constitutes a Vice-President and gives
three votes for life at all elections. Each Donation of Three Guineas
at all elections for life. Every Annual Subscriber is
entitled to one vote at all elections in respect of each Five Shillings
So paid.
MEMBERSHIP.— Every Man or Woman throughout the United
King Publisher, Wholesaler, Retailer. Employer, or
Employed, is entitled to become a Member of this Institution, and
its benefits upon naymi al of Fur Shillings annually, or Three
aged in the sale of
New-i chMcmbers who thus contribute secure priority
of consideration in the event of their needing aid from the Institution.
PENSIONS.— The Annuitants now number Thirty-six, the men
receji ins 261. and the Women :;u/ per annum each, and they include :—
I%n "Royal Victoria Pension Fund,' which "as established in 1S87
and enlarged in 1897, 1901, and IWrj. perpetually commemorates the
News Trade enjoyed under the rule of Her late
en Victoria, provides Pensions of 201. a year each for Six
Widows of Newst endors.
The " Francis Fund " provides Pensions for One Man. 251, and One
it v of the late John
Francis, who died on Aprils, 1882, and was for more than fifty years
Publisher oi the Ue look an active and leading part
'throughout the whole period of the agitation for the repeal of the
various then . Knowledge," and was for very many
i h supporter of this Instil ution
Tin- II"; Pension Fund is the gift of the late Mr.
bare primary
right "i eled benefits, but this privilege not having been
I Pensions ol the Institution have had
the t ill benefit arising from the Interest on this Investment from 18«7
■
Tin- "Herbert Lloyd Pension Fund provides 95Z. per annum f..i
one man: and Wl i in 1903 in perpetual and grateful
Mr. Herbert Lloyd, who was a generous in-net..
this Institution, and wb
The "Hospital Pensions consist of an annual contribution,
whereby Sir lleno Charles Burdett and his co-directors generously
i i i toe Year to ■ Man. under
conditions laid do" n ir I:
W. WLLKIE JONES. Secretary.
EDUCA I [ON.
Parents or Guardians desiring aceurate infor tion relative to
the* lion i: ,.i Sl'HOO] 8 foi BOI a oi GIRLS oi
TUTORS in England or abroad
are Ini Ited to i all upon "i send full
M BSSRH G VBBIT 18, TURING ft CO.,
who for more than thirtj years have ' D closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments
Advice, fri i* given by Mi THRING, Nephew • •;' the
| ,i. i|- ..■ Mas) I oi Uppingham, 36, Sackvillc Street, London, U
rpo ARMY CANDIDATES. SCHOLARSHIPS.
_I_ THREE SCHOLARSHIPS, of the annual value of SOL, 501.,
and 40/. respectively, will be OFFERED BY COMPETITION to
Candidates preparing for Sandhurst, Woolwich, or the India Police.
The Examination will begin on THURSDAY. January 18, and
Entries close on JANUARY 16. Full particulars on application.—
Messrs. SPICER ft HENWOOD, Army Tutors, «4. Perham Road,
West Kensington, London, W.
TDIRMINOHAM and MIDLAND INSTITUTE.
SCHOOL OF MUSK
Visitor— Sir EDWARD Kl.t.AR. Mus Doc LL.D.
Principal— GRANVILLE BANTOCK.
Visiting Examiner— FREDERICK CORDER, F.R.A.M.
SESSION 1905-1906.
The Session consists o< Autumn Term [September 18 to Decem-
ber 161 ; Winter Term (January 15 to April 7' : Summer Term (April 9
to dune 23).
Instruction in all Branches oi Music; Students Choir and orches-
tra ; chamber Music ; Fortnightly Rehearsals ; Concerts; and Opera.
Prospectus and further information may be obtained from
ALFRED HAYES. Secretary.
u
NIVERSITV OF LONDON.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that on WEDNESDAY, March 28
next, the SENATE will proceed to elect EXAMINERS in the
following Departments for the Year 1906-7 :—
FOR EXAMINATIONS ABOVE THE MATRICULATION.
The Examiners appointed will be called upon to take part in the
Examination of both Internal and External Students. The remunera-
tion of each Examincrship consists of a Retaining Fee for the year,
and a i<m ruin payment for Papers set. Answers marked, and Meetings
attended. Full particulars can be obtained on application to the
Principal.
THEOLOGY.
Two in the Hebrew Text of the old Testament and the Greek Text
of the New Testament.
ARTS AND SCIENCE.
One in Mathematics. I one in Experimental Physics,
MEDICINE.
One in Medicine. one in Pathology,
one in Surger]
Economics
i toe in Public Administration and Finance.
Candidates must send in their names to the Principal, with any
attestation of their Qualifications they may think desirable, on oi
before TUESDAY, January 23. If Testimonials arc submitted.
three copies should be forwarded. Original Testimonials should not
be sent. If more than one Examinership i- applied for, a separate
complete application must be forwarded for each It is particularly
desired by the Senate that no application of any kind be made to its
individual Members.)
By order of the Senate,
uiTHUR w. RUCKER, Principal
University of London. South Kensington, S.W..
December, 1905.
c
O U N T Y
O F
L 0 N D 0 N.
The LONDON COUNTY i OUNCIL invites applications for the
appointment of SECRETARY of the LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL
SCHOOLof BUILDING, FERNDALE ROAD, BRIXTON, S.W. The
person appointed « ill be required to be present each day two-thirds of
the hours during which the School is open, and on Saturdays, His duties
will Include the collection of Fees, the issue of Tickets to the
Students, the can- of Registers, preparation of claims for Govern
men) Grant, and the conduct of Routine Correspondence.
Experience of the Administration of Technical Schools of similar
Educational Institutions will be required.
The Salary will be 1501. per annum, rising by annual increments of
12/ la.-, to 800Z. per annum
Th,- person appointed will be subject to the usual conditions
attaching to the service of the Council, particulars ,,f which are
i ..ni unci in the form of application, and he will be required to take-
up his duties immediately.
Applications must be made on the official forms, to be obtained from
the Clerk ol the London Counts Council. Education Offices, Victoris
Embankment. WO., and which must be returned not later than
10A.n.on WEDNESDAY, January 17, 1906, accompanied by copies of
not more than three recent Testimonials.
Canvassing, eithei directij or indirectly, will be held to be a
disqualification for appointment.
(, L. GOMME, Clerk of the London County Council
The County Hall, Spring Gardens, S.W.,
January l, 1906.
T
UK UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD.
The UNIVERSITY of SHEFFIELD proposes to appoint a PRO-
FESSOR i>( EDUCATION.
ticulars as to duties, salary, ftc., apply to
\\ \l
GIBBONS, Registi u
HARTLEY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE,
SOI I'll WII'Ton
The COl v II, invites applications for the appointment of PRO"
FF.SSOli ul i: I >l < ITION and M VSTER ol MUi Hon
< ommencing minimum Sal
Applications, giving particulars of age, training^ qualifications, and
experience with coi I Testimonials, must be -
the PRINI IPAL on oi baton JAM u:\
Further particulars >» itained on application I
REGISTR \K
A
SHTON UNDER I. , NE EDUCATION
COMMITTEE
The HIGHER EDUCATION SUB-COMMITTEE require thi
service! ol an ASSISTANT MIT MASTER t«i ti ich Ut gcnerall]
and IrtGcometrj at the HEOINBOTTOM SCHOOL ol \KT IDay
I VSHTON 1 \hi:i; IA Ni: SEi ONH WW D\\
SCHOOL Candidates must hold some of the Board ol Edu<
r. , ...-in/I -I lunlifli ttlonsl hers Salary 1301 pet annum
VimlieatioiiH, stating qualifications (ether
with i opii - '■' On.-, re, enl '!'•-• irned
should reach the SECRETARY OK EDUCATION, Vshtoi
not l-it i ih m noon on - v'i'i Ri> u i uiu urySO,
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
FRANCE.-The ATHEN5JUM can be
obtained at the following Railway Stations
in France:—
AMIENS, ANTLBES, BEAULIEU-SUR-MER, BIARRITZ. BOR-
DEAUX. BOULOGNE, CALAIS, CANNES, DIJON, DUNKIRK,
GENEVA, GOLFE-JUAN, HAVRE, HYERES, JUAN-LES-PIN3.
LILLE. LYON'S. MARSEILLES. MENTONE. MONACO, MONTE
CARLO. NANTES, NICE, PARIS (Est, Nord. Lyon', PAL", ROUEN,
SAINT RAPHAEL. TOULON, TOURS.
PARIS: W. H. SMITH & SON, 248, Rue de Rivoli : and at the
GALIGNANI LIBRARY. 224, Rue de Rivoli.
7 ADY SECRETARY WANTED by LITERARY
I A MAN resilient ahead. Excellent references required.— Write,
statin--- Salary, to 11. P. B., 5, Prince Edward Mansions, W
GRADUATE of COLLEGE, native of Hamburg,
many years' London Experience, TEACHES GERMAN, pre
par,-- for all Examinations, and Translates Books, &c, from and
into German. English, French, Spanish, Latin. Greek, and Hebrew.
—EDWIN HAMBURGER, 282, High Holborn, W.C. entrance Great
Turnstile, near chancery Lane).
JOURNALIST, in Gallery of House of Commons,
is prepared to write SPECIAL DAILY PARLIAMENTARY
REPORTJand SKETCH during the forthcoming Session for Provincial
Papei. Low terms would be accepted.— Appb Box 1074, Athenaeum
Press. 13. Bream's Buildings Chancers Lane B.C.
JOURNALIST, having good Office in the middle
of Fleet Strict, requires AGENI Y for PROVTN< 1 AL DAILY
or WEEKLY PAPER.- Apply Box 1073, Athenaeum Press Bream's
Buildings, Chancery Lane, B.C.
AX active Y 0 UNO MAN (23) requires
SITUATION as PUBLISHER'S or BOOKSELLER'S ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply good references, T. Box 1070, Athenaeum Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chan, cry Lane, E.C.
\ DVERTISEE wishes to CONSULT a PUB-
^ V LISHl'.Ks READER .Fictioir in his private capacity. Busi
ness basis Write DESIR0 - > w ll Smith & Son, Temple
Station. London.
SEARCHES at British Museum and other
Libraries Is English, French. Flemish, butch, German, and
Iwitin. Seventeen years experience. - .1 . A. RANDOLPH
Alexandra Road, Wimbledon, s.W.
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms Excellent
Testimonials, \ B., Box 1082, Atnemeum Press, i:;. Bream's Build-
ings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
TRANSLATION. Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing, Encyclopaedic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Non-Resident Secretaryship Classics, French, German. Italian.
Smnisli inglo-Saxon. Special subjects. Mythologj and Literature
Varied experience. Moderate terms. MissSELBI toad .w
Tj-MPLOYMENT BUREAU FOB LADIES.
I J Branch foi Domestic Servants of goo Principal
Mi>s DAVIES Governesses, B - Ladj Kurses, tec., per-
sonally recommended. Moms 10 b ' < Street, \\ .
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
Work and INDEXING IppMMiss PETHERBRIDGE N it.
Sci. Tripos), ■"'•..' i. i londuit Street, Bond street. London, \\
TYPEWRITING. The WEST KENSINGTON
OFFICES Authors MSS., Translations, fti Legal am ■
Copying. Circulars, x< .. duplicated. Usual Terms Refi
Established thirteen years. SIKES & S IKES. -229 Hammersmith
i\ Private Address: 13, Wolverton Gardens, Hammersmith.)
TYPE-WRITING. Gentleman strongly
RECOMMENDS LADY, well ..located, e\,
intelligent COPYING of MSS oi Commercial r
terms foi regular «"ik, Mi~- HORNBU KL1
.1. F. i: G . i. Idam Strei t. strand.
TYPEWRITER. PLAYS and MSS. oi ever)
description. Carbon and other Duplicate
MissE M TIGAB 84, Maitland Park Road, Haverstock Hill S.W.
Established 1884.
A
UTHORS' Mss.. 9rf. per I.ihki words.
SERMONS PLATS ENVELOPES, and all kin. I- carefully
T\ pro .; homi Remington I G I pap
cutci M I. 1, . 7, Vi rnon Road . now ki
olaph.no S \\
\ ITHOHS'MSS., NOVELS, STORIES, PI. U S,
^ \ i>^ \ \ s \\ pr « K ll I in with . . n
w. ll known ^^ riters M si I w.v Thirl
bank, Roxboroui b Ro id 1 1
TYPE WRITING, 9d. per 1,000 words. V\.\\ S,
n.i\i 'i- KSSAYS, A, , with promptitude an
Road 0
T\ PE WRITING undertaken bj highlj educated
Women CI iMical T> i i - •- . < imbi Id
I RcM-i.-ll. 1
Nil i vM BRIDGE TYPE U 111 M\i, M.l n. n
delphi, «.'
:;i
TH E AT II EN .v:r M
N 1081, .Jan. 13, L906
rpHE AUTHOR'S AG! ENCTS Brtabluhed 1879.
I II.. u luthon mpahlvrrnr.
IMMI.I.I..K
M, A M II la. II
MR QEORGE LARNER, Aeeuuntant and
BookHlUm. Publl papar.
Print
HhceU , . -?
Uou ^ _
VTORTHERN NEWSPAPEB SYNDICATE,
\ KENDAL l N..I.WI'
aH™ Una K.I11..1- »iili ill klndi '■' Uterarj M itter, anil li open U h«u
nom Autho! !'...„*:■■ I, i,l i! »otnu Sbfc h ibould 1 Gnltted I-.V
/ and ftemat
,1 1 ingament
ATHENiEUM PRESS. -JOHN EDWARD
I B LNCUB, Printer of thu Athencntm. Nttm "J^V";™** wi*
reuuv. I to Sl'IlMIT ESTIMATES for all kinds of BOOK. N KW S.
S3^ElUoi)IOAL PK1NTINQ.-1J. Bream's Building.. Chancery
Lane, I I .
Catalogues.
HH PE \('H. ST. Pelvoir Street, Leicester,
. taues CATALOGOB8 of MSB and RAM IBOOK8 post free
to CoUectow No. U contain, a number o ,"'' ' j, ' ^i, t tl ■
[ncnnables and EngUsb Books, just purchased at^ 8al<
Marcel Schwob library, Paris, and othei sources Inroad.
CM \ 1 .1 m . I • K \< 1. 4 f. -Turner's Liber St udiorum,
Encland and Wales, and other Emgrarings Lucas ; Mcz/ntints
after Constable Etchings ta WhtattotA SSSST'&ta^wSffi by
Ti,..,,..,. Burne-Jones Ruskan, fcc. Ulustrated boom "' ■
iViiVkiiV I'.!'! fST Stapence.- WM. WABD, 2, Ohurch Terrace,
Richmond, Surrey. ___
THE INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
No. hi. containing a Speaal AxUcle, ^ed 'MODERN
VIEWS of KI.LiTKIclTY and MATTER/ by Prof. AUFMD W.
PORTER Specimen Copies gratis WJXLIAMS * MOBttAAJS,
Book Importers, 14, Henrietta Street. Covent liardcn.JW.t.
rpHE following CATALOGUES of SECOND-
J_ HAND BOOKS, which have recently been published, will tie
sent gratis to any address on api lication :—
No. i". NATURAL SCIENCES.
No ii PINE AN1> BTANDARD BOOKS.
No. 12. PHH080PHT AND ECONOMICS
No. 13. BOOKS RELATING TO CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY, in-
cluuing Text and Commentaries and School Editions
in preparation.
No. 16. MATHEMATICAL. ISecond Catalogue.)
No. 16. ECONOMIC. (Second Catalogue.)
W. HEFFER & suns. Second-hand Booksellers, Cambridge.
Librarians and Bookbuyers generally aire invited to send Lists of
rants. Over 100,000 Volumes in Stock.
BERTRAM 1) O B E L L,
SECOND-HAND BOOKSELLER and PUBLISHER,
77. Charing Cross Road, London, W.C.
A large Stock of old and Kan- Books in English Literature,
i„;.,„,li„. Poetry and the Drama-Shak, ispeari ana- First Editions io|
Famous Authors Manuscripts- -HlustratM Books, Ac. (.AlALOOUita
free on application.
A
NCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Collectors
_i. and Antiquarians are invited to apply to 'SPINK . A SON,
Limited for Specimen Cora (gratis) of their NT MISMATK < IRCl
At The finest Greek, Roman, and English Corns on View and for
Sale it Moderate Pricess-SPINK ft SON, Limited, Experts, Valuers,
*',,d Catalo^iersV 18, 17, and is. Piccadilly, London. W. Established
upwards of a Century.
rpi'Xr.HIDCK WELLS. APARTMENTS.
_L Comfortably Furnished Sitting Room and One Bedroom.
Pleasant and central. No others taken.— B, H., 66, Grove Hill Road,
Tunbridge Wells.
J^alUs b^ Ruction.
Books ami Manuscripts, including the Collection of Oriental
Books and Manuscript* and the Mathematical Library oj
the lot. Hon, Mr. Justice &KINE ALT.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SEXX by AUCTION, at their House, No. L8, Wellington
Street Strand W.C. on MONDAY. January 16, and Two Following
Oars at [o'clock precisely, BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS, including
Hi,: mi I.I.Ki TION of ORIENTAL BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS and
the MATHEMATICAL LIBRAR1 of the late Hon. Mr. Justice
OKINEALY. of the High Court of Calcutta ; also the I.ILHAIU oj
T MORSON Esq of 42, Gordon Square, comprising First Editions ol
Thackerai and Dickeiu numerous Works Illustrated by Cruikshank
[including some of thi rarer ones), T. Rowlandson, R. Seymour, Ac.
the Gounil Illustrated Series Extra-Illustrated Looks; tlie
LIBRARY of w -i PLEWS, Esq., of Colwyn Hay: and other
Properties comprising numerous Standard Works, chiefly ol Modern
English Writers, in most Branches of Literature.
May tie v ii-M id. I 'lit ill. utiles may lie had.
The Collection of Book-Plates (Ex-Libris) of the late JAMES
ROBERTS BROWN, Esq.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY. WILKIXSONct HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION (by Orderof the Executors), al theii
House No 13, Wellington Street, Btrand. W.C, on FRIDAY,
Januan 19 at 1 o'clock precisely, the COLLECTION of BOOB
PLATES Ej Libris ol the late JAMES ROBERTS BROWN, Esq.,
ol 14, Tri juntei Road, London. 8.W,
Maj I"- riewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
Autograph Letters and Signed Documents of British and
Foreign Sovereigns, Princes, dec, thi Property of the late
Mr. FREDERICK BARKER.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION (by order of the Executors), at their
House No. 13, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C, on MONDAY,
Januan 22 at 1 o'clock precisely, AUTOGRAPH LETTER8 and
SIGNED DOCUMENTS ol BRITISH I FOREIGN SO\ EREIGNS,
PRINCES, ftc, the Property of the late Mr, FREDERICK BARKER.
May lie viewed two dies prior. Catalogues may !„■ had.
KSSRH HODGSON fl CO. will SELL l>y
Ruoms, lit < bai V.<
Till KSli \ \ Januan 1- mil I olio* I k. Mi
M
\ 1 , 1 |,'N it th, n It- ■ Lane. W.I
IIO11KS ami 1:1 \l \l Mil .1:- In, lud 1
Poiiulnr Publications of Charles KniKbt. « KilrrAd It '
Till \ ItoKU, liignun mil uthen oom|>rUliui Illiutrated Editions
,,| Stamlard PocU and Novelists Juveutli Books »uli oolourad
lllustrationa .v> • hleflj In 1 loth Kilt blmlini
A, k, 11,1,101 - World in Mlntatun
,,f the Ai-'~tl.- Ethlopl, Text, with Translation 2 vol"
'l«,, 1,1,1,1,1.- ,,1 Costume In America, 2 vols 80 Creswicke's Sooth
\iu, 1 and the Transvaal War, •■ >"ls in 1. balf-moj
thousand volumes ol the Dome Novell bj Populai Modern
A ol hors, Ae.
To Ik- viewed and Cataloguai had
Valuable /.""■ Books, including the Library at ••
retiring from Practice handsome Carved, Oak Bool
and other Library and Offlee Furniture. ,
MESSRS. HODCSON ft CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, ai th.ii It,,., in-. 11:, Chancery tone, w > si
Tin: END OF JANUARY, valuable l.v\t BOOKS, comprl
Set ol Hi, La« Reports, New Series, from 1875 to 1B06. 247 vols half-
call Law Journal Reports, from the commencement in 1822 to
Reports in Kin^- Bench. Common Pleas, and Exchequei Election
and Crown Cases Recent Editions ,,t Text-Books ; alio a largi and
handsome Carved Oak Winged Bookcase, Mahogany Tables, and ..tln-r
Library and Office Furniture,
paring.
Valuable Miscellaneous Books, including Books from th. Col-
lection oj the late Sir ROBERT SMIRKE (the Property oj
a Lady), and the Library oj the lot.' if, 1 /.77V/; C. MET-
CALFE, Esq. (ii;i order of the Executor).
MESSES. HODCSON ft CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancery Lane, W.C, on
WEDNESDAY, January 31, and Two Following Days, valuable
MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, Including Architectural, Topographical,
and Genealogical Works Gould's family ol Trogons Reicnenbach's
[cones Florae Germanices, 22 vols., and other Natural History Booki
Notes and Queries 77 vols., with indexes— Books with Coloured Plates
First Editions ol Modem Authors ; also handsomely bound BOOKS
from the COLLECTION of the late Sit ROBERT SMIRKE, removed
from Canterbury, the Property of a LADY.
1 lataloguee are preparing.
M
Birds' Eggs, including on Egg of the Great Auk.
R. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER, at his
Rooms, 88, Kins street, Covent Garden, London. W.C, on
WEDNESDAY, January 17. the COLLECTION of EGGS formed by
the late Mr. HL'LL.MAN PLDSLEY, which includes a line Series of
08preys, a Clutch of fees of the American stint, and many other
interesting Eggs. Also an EUG of the GREAT ACK. on account of
another Vendor.
Catalogues, in course of preparation, may he had on application.
Scientific Instruments, Cameras, .(<•.
FRIDAY NEXT, at half-past IS o'clock.
R. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER, at bis
Rooms, 88, King Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. a large
number of fine PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS and LENSES,
SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS. OPTICAL GOODS, and a quantity of
valuable MISCELLANEOUS GOODS.
On view day prior 2 to 5, and morning of Sale. Catalogues on
applieation.
M
LibraryofF. THORNTON, Esq., and other Private Properties.
MESSRS. PUTTICK ft SIMPSON will SELL
by auction at their Galleries, 47. Leicester Square, W.C, on
WEDNESDAY, January 24, and Following Day, at ten minutes past
1 o'clock precisely, Valuable BOOKS and AUTOGRAPHS, including
the above Properties.
MESSRS. CHRISTIE. M ANSON & WOODS
respectfully give Notice that they will hold the Following
sales by auction, at their Great Rooms, King street. St. James's
Square, the Sales commencing at 1 o'clock precisely:—
On FRIDAY, January 19, ORIENTAL PORCE-
LAIN of H 1'11'Kl! Esq., deceased; PORCELAIN and OBJECTS of
VERTU of 0. WENTWORTH WASS, Esq,, deceased; and from
various sources.
On SATURDAY. January 20, MODERN PIC-
TURE8 and DRAWINGS of the late i. MILNE clIEETHAM. Esq..
the late G. B. WIELAND, Esq.. and others.
THE BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine Street,
L,,n,l,,n, W.C, JANUARY 18, contains:—
Proposed Church House for Manchester .view and plans): English
Gothic Architecture (II.); The Applieation of the Building Act;
Payment of District Surveyors; The British School at Rome; The
International Society's Exhibition; Royal Academy Lectures;
American Brickwork: Mathematical Data for Architects (Student's
Column); The old Mansion House, Doncaster (measured drawings 1
\, Prom Office as above ,4,/.; by post -C</.'. or through any
Newsagent.
rpHE GEOGRAPHIC \l. JOURNAL. P
I I ANUABT
ON THE NEXT GREA1 ARCTU DIBCOYER1 o„ l^aufort Kea.
Till: 1 S VON RICHTHOFES o\ ANTAI
PLOH \\ li
TRAVEL AND BXPLOR VTIoN IN THE SOUTHERN 'A PA
ALP- Li thi R< r. \ \ M it li 1 lllu.ti
Map
A JOUBNEYTOTHE LOR I AN BW IMP i'.IMl U! U( A.
1 1 ■ ■ .1 w II Broun Mitl, s Illiii-tiatioiu an-i
Map
ON Till: HIBTORl ..I THE NILE AND ITB VALLEY.
l:. w I 11.011. li B. Load LRJI.M t I: <■ -
1 UfAL IRRIGATION IN Tilt: PUNJAB Bj Qapt < 11 Buck.
I \ pun sb I 1, r, . - -i- , V\ ■
NATURAL MOUNDfi in I M'E ( "l/>^\ Bj Hmast H I.
s, 1 Gra-
h.ilii-towii.
THE GEOGRAPHII M. I \> IX IN AN ARID < LI MATE. Bj
REl ntWB
OORRESPOM-KNi E 1 „• - Ity W. II. Shrub-
sole
MEETINGS OF THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY,
-I sJSION
GEOGRAPHII ai. LITERATURE OF THE month.
NEW MAPS
.IM/'.s
map OF Tin: PUNJAB
M W OF THE 901 THKI'.N .1 kPAMESE U.I-
SKETCH-MAP TO ILLUSTRATE THE JOURNEY OF LIEUT.-
1 hi. W II. BROUN To THE LORIAN SWAMP.
EDWARD STANFORD, 12, IS, 14. I>.ng A H •
r
OURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE 01
fj ACTUARIES
No. 22t. JANUARY, 1808. Price 2a, 61
Contents.
Members.
On the Valuation in Grouiw of Whole-Life Po] - ' rtality
Tables L;- George King, F.LA. F.F.A., one of tbe Via
of the Institute of Actuaries.
on a Propertj oi the "m Select Tab!,- and its Applieation to the
Valuation ol Whole-Life Policies. ByO. F. Diver. M.A.. E.I.A.. of
the Clerical, Medical, and General Lifi Society.
N,,tt-» on an Approximate Jlethod ,.f Valuation of Wholi
an.es. with Allowance for Selection. By Thomas G. Aekland. one
oi the Via Presidents of the Institute of Actuaries; Honorary
fellow of the Fa< ulty of Ai tuaries. With Appendix.
Discussion on the above Three P
Report of tin Departmenta] committee on Bond Investment Com-
panies.
Actual id Nol
Correspondeni
London : C. & E. LAYTON, Earringdon Bb
Price is net. Annual Subscription, including postage. 10s. 6d.
rn h E LIBRARY.
X A Review lOnarterly .
Edited by J Y W. Mai ALISTEK and A. W. POLLARD, in
Collaboration with KONRAD BURGER LEOPOLD UELI-LE
MELVTL DEWEY, and RICHARD GARNETT, C'.B.
Co,'
THE RELIGIO MEDICI.' By William Osier. Illustrated.
A PRINTER'S HILL IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. By
H. R. Plomer.
THE MUNICIPAL LII'.i: IRIAN B AIMS IN" BOOKBUYING.
PRINTING INKS. By Chas. T. Jacobi
RECENT FOREIGN LITERATURE. By Elisabeth Lea.
REVIEWS
NOTES ON I'.ooKs AND WORK.
London :
ALEX. MORING, Limited. 32, George Street, Hanover Square, tv
E
B E N«E Z E R P R O U T ' S
Bound, each net. 5*.
WORK s.
HARMONY: it- Theory and Practice. Nineteenth Impi
Revised and largely lie-written.
ANALYTICAL KEY To THE EXERCISES in the Same. N
COUNTERPOINT : Strict and free.
DOUBLE COUNTERPOINT AND CANON.
FUGUE.
FUG \L ANALYSIS.
MUSK VI. FORM
APPLIED FORMS.
THE ORCHESTRA. 2 vols.
Ain.'.n.r Ltd . >'.. New Burlington Street, and a B
In 2 vols, crown svo. with 'J Portrait-
TOHX FRANCIS AND THE • AIM EN-El'M.*
• I i i it.rary Chronicle of Half a Century.
By -lollN c I'LANi I-
M \cmii.i. \n .\ CO. Lmrm>, London,
LONDON LIBRARY,
ST. JAMES'S SQUARE. S.W.
Patron HIS MAJESTY THE KING. President. The Bight Hon. A. .1. BAXTOTJB, MJP.
Vice-Presidents The Right Hon. VISCOUNT GOSCHEN ; FREDERIC II IRRISON, Esq.; GEORGE MKRKOIIH. Esq.
ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE, Esq., F.B S
Trustees EARL of ROSEBERY, K.G. ; Right Hon. LORD a\ BB1 R1 . 1- M > :
Right II. «n. Sir M. GRANT DUFF, G.GS.L
Committee sir Rowland Blennerhassett, Bart., LL.D., Dr. J. II. Bridges, Horace T. Brown, Esq., KH.s. - l'rof. I'lsTrttni
Bvwater Prof. Lewis Campbell, LL.D., Austin Dobson, Esq. LL.D., Sydney Gedge, Esq., Sir A. Geftie, F.B.&, sir K.
(i'illen K C B F.R.S., Edmund Gqsse, Ks.,., I.L.D.. Mm J. U. Green, Rev. W. limn. MA. I.ut.n.. sir t. 1 llin-rt.
KCS.1 sir C. M- Kennedy, K.OTM.G. C.B., Sidnej Lee, Esq. l.itt.K.. W. s. Lilly, Esq., Sidney J. Low, Esq., Sir
Frank T Marzials, t'.K, Sir F. Pollock, Bart, Rev. J. II Rigg, l>l>-. H. B, Tedder, Beq.,Rev. H. Wace, D.D., 8n
Spencer Walpole, K.C.B., A. W. Ward, Esq., I.itt.D. I.I..D.
The Libran contains about 220,000 Volumes of Ancient and Modern Literature, in vario
guages. Subscription, 31. 3«. a vear, with an entrance tec of 1/. la. ; Life^Iemberahip, aooordmg to ago
Fifteen Volumes are allowed to Country and Ten to Town Members. Reading-Room Open from leu b
Half-past Six. The NEW CATALOGUE (1626 pp. 4to, L903) is now ready, price -2/. 2s.: to Members. 2o.<.
"One of the most sagacious and judiciously liberal men I have ever known, the late Lord Deroy. said thei
kind of man to whom the Lest service that could be rendered was to make him a life member of the London library.
\> . I',. 1 1 . lir.i Kl •
C. T. HAGBERG WRIGHT, LL.D., Secretory and Librarian.
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
35
Enlarged by Sixteen Pages.
Hodder & Stoughton have pleasure in drawing
the attention of readers of the ATHEN/EUM to the
NEW and ENLARGED SERIES of the EXPOSITOR,
the oldest Theological Magazine in the country,
which commences with the number for January,
1906.
THE EXPOSITOR.
Edited by the
Rev. W. ROBERTSON NICOLL,
M.A. LL.D.
Contents of the JANUARY Number.
1. TWENTY-ONE YEARS OF THE EXPOSITOR. By
the Editor.
2. EVOLUTION AND CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY. By the
Rev. Prof. Marcus Dods, D.D
3 THE COMMUNISTIC EXPERIMENT OF ACTS II.
AND IV. By the Rev. Canon Edward Lee Hicks,
M.A., Manchester.
A THE CHRISTIAN INSCRIPTIONS OF LYCAONIA.
By Prof. W. M. Ramsay, D.C.L. LL.D.
5 DR. EMIL REICH ON THE FAILURE OF THE
HIGHER CRITICISM. By the Rev. Prof. D. S.
Margoliouth, M.A. D.D., Oxford.
6 JEREMIAH'S JERUSALEM. By the Rev. Prof. G. A.
Smith, D.D. LL.D.
7. TURNING THE HEARTS OF THE CHILDREN TO
THEIR FATHERS. By the Most Rev. \\illiam
Alexander, D.D. D.C.L. , Archbishop of Armagh.
8 THE FAITHLESSNESS OF THE AVERAGE MAN.
By the Rev. J. H. Jowett, M.A., Birmingham.
. OLD TESTAMENT NOTES. By Stanley A. Cook, M.A.
Cambridge.
"THE EXPOSITOR has sustained its interest now for a
rapidly growing length of years, and that with remarkable
variety and ability, and yet with consistent regard tn its own.
proper functions as expounding and illustrating Holy
Scripture."— Guardian.
NOW READY.
Price Is. net.
Subscription terms, 12s. per annum.
HODDER & STOUGHTON,
27, Paternoster Row, London, E.C.
MUDIE S LIBRARY.
FOUNDED 1842.
For the CIRCULATION and SALE of the BEST BOOKS
in ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, RUSSIAN, ITALIAN,
SPANISH, DUTCH, and SCANDINAVIAN.
The Collection comprises the Best Standard
Works published during the past Sixty Years.
TERMS PER ANNUM.
O Volumes in the Country ; or,
n Volumes Delivered free in LON
and Nearer Suburbs
,DONJ£3__3_0
Tc Volumes in the Country ; or,
3 Volumes Delivered free in LONDON
and Nearer Suburbs
£2 2 0
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS.
NEW SCHOOL-BOOKS EXEMPLIFYING FOR THE MOST
PART THE "NEW METHODS" OF TEACHING.
OXFORD CLASSICAL TEXTS.
Vols. 41-43. Crown 8vo, paper covers or limp cloth.
CICERONIS ORATIONES PRO
ROSCIO, CLUENTIO, MURENA, CAELIO, IN
CATILINAM. Edited by A. C. CLARK. 2*. 6d.
and 3s.
TIBULLI CARMINA. Edited by
J P POSTGATE. Is. 6<f. and 2s. Together with
CATULLUS and PROPERTIUS, on Oxford India
Paper, 8s. Qd.
BUCOLICI GRAECI. (Theocritus,
Bion, and Mosehus.) Edited by U. VON WILAMO-
WITZ - MOELLENDORFF. 2s. 6d. and 3s. ; on
Oxford India Paper, 4s.
GREEK READER. Vol. I. Selected
and Adapted, with English Notes, from Prof, von
Wilamowitz-Moellendorft's ' Griechisches Lesebueh ' by
E. C. MARCHANT. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s.
ATHENAEUM.— ""Sir. Marchant exhibits his usual skill
in this somewhat novel Greek reading-book — If these
capital passages, full of action and life, manage to stretch
the imaginations of our bovs, we will gladly make ninety
per cent, of them a present of their stilted Greek prose,
which will at the best be pseudo-Attic. We welcome Mr.
Marchant's book as a sign that a more lucid air is likely to
pervade the Greek scholarship of the next generation."
CLASSICAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN
SCHOOLS. With an Appendix containing List of
Archaeological Apparatus. By P. GARDNER and
J. L. MVRES. Second Edition. 8vo, paper covers,
Is. net.
PRACTICAL TEACHER— "This valuable treatise is to
be recommended to all teachers of history and of classirs.
... .A valuable appendix gives a list of photographs, prints,
slides, models, &c, for archaeological use, with an indi-
cation of those most valuable to the teacher."
A PRIMER OF CLASSICAL AND
ENGLISH PHILOLOGY. By the Rev. WALTER W.
SKEAT, Litt.D. Extra fcap. 8vo, cloth, 2s.
AN ANGLOS AXON PRIMER. With
Grammar, Notes, and Glossary. By HENRY SWEET,
M.A. Ph.D. Eighth Edition, Revised. Extra fcap. 8vo,
stiff covers, 2s. ed.
ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY
Progressive Lessons in Experiment and Theory. Part I.
By F. R. L. WILSON, M.A., andG. W. HEDLEY, M.A.
Demy 8vo, cloth, 3s.
SCHOOL WORLD.— "The authors have produced a
satisfactory course of experimental work introductory to
the study of chemistry, which teachers of the subject who
are not already provided with a good laboratory manual
would do well to examine The book is attractively
printed and illustrated."
A CLASS BOOK OF ELEMENTARY
CHEMISTRY. By W. W. FISHER, M.A. F.C.S. Fifth
Edition, crown 8vo, cloth, Revised and Enlarged, with
59 Engravings on Wood, 4s. (id.
AN ELEMENTARY TREATISE
ON PURE GEOMETRY. With numerous Examples.
By JOHN WELLESLEV Rl'SSELL, M.A. New and
Revised Edition. Crown Svo, cloth, 9s. net.
ELEMENTARY MODERN
GEOMETRY. Part I. Experimental and Theoretical
(Chaps. I. -IV.). Triangles and Parallels. By H. G.
WILLIS. Crown Svo, cloth, 2s.
ATHEN.EUM.—" Conforms to the new ideas which
have ousted Euclid's sequence of problems. Mr. Willis has
evidently ample experience of teaching, for his book is
admirably lucid and practical. He brings the subject well
into touch, too, with actual life. There is a set of exercises
attached to each proposition, and the book is a thorough
and very satisfactory exposition of the new principles. We
expect to see it widely adopted."
EXPERIMENTAL AND
THEORETICAL COURSE OF GEOMETRY. By
A. T. WARREN. With or without Answers. Third
Edition, with Additions. Crown Svo, cloth, 2s.
THE PREPARATION OF THE
CHILD FOR SCIENCE. By M. E. BOOLE. Crown
8vo, uniform with the same Author's ' Logic of Arith-
metic' 2s.
EDUCATIONAL TIMES.— "Mrs. Boole's small volume
lies within easy reach of the mothers ami teachers of the
rising generation, and will probably be an inspiration and a
guide to manv who are striving to learn how best to train
the little ones. It may well be that some of the great
scientists of the future will owe their power in part at hsist
to these pages."
BOARD OF EDUCATION-
NEW REGULATIONS FOR GEOGRAPHY COURSE.
OXFORD MODERN FRENCH THE JUNI0R GE0GRAPHY. By
1 Volume, Exchanged Daily >t the") PI (\
Library Counter / °G ■«• *■ V
1 Volume (for Books of Past Seasons) J 1US. OQ.
Half -Yearly, Quarterly, and Monthly
Subscriptions can also be entered.
SPECIAL ARRANOEMEN l'i; has been made with
Messrs. I'lCKEORl) for the exchange of Library Books
TO and FROM Subscribers' Houses for 3d. per DOUBLE
M'i i:\EV.
PARCEL POST DEPARTMENT for SUBSCRIBERS
residing at a distance from anyJBAILWAY station.
'I erms on application.
\LL LOOKS .ire offered SECOND-HAND as soon as Hie
demand in the LTBB \i:v will permit. List free on appli-
it ion.
MU DIE'S SELECT LIBRARY, Limited,
80-84, NEW OXFORD STREET, W.C.
241, BROMPTON ROAD, 8.W.
48, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.
SERIES. Edited by LEON DELBOS. Crown Svo
Volumes 18, L9.
NODIER'S JEAN SBOGAR.
Edited by D. E. SAVORY, 2*.
ERCKMANN - CHATRIAN'S
HISTOIRE DIN HOMME DC PEUPLE.
Edited l.vR. E. A. CD ESSEX. 36'.
MA PREMIERE VISITE A PARIS.
par \ e. C. Being an Elementary French Reading
Book. Crown Svo, cloth, with 26 Illustrations. l.v. (',</.
KINDERFREUDEN. Von A. E. C.
Being an Illustrated German Reading Bookfor Young
Children in the form of a Child's Account of the Home-
Life of Himself and Two Little Brothers. Crown Mo,
cloth, 18. <''</.
DER UNGEBETENE GAST, and
other Plays. (ShortGerman Plays, Second Series.) By
E, s. BUCHHEIM. Extra fcap. 8vo, cloth, uniform
witli I he First Series. 2*. ML
COMBINED GERMAN READER,
WRITER, and GRAMMAR By IL G. SPEARING,
M.A. svo, dotti. :tx. MEMORY TEST-BOOK, for Use
witli the foregoing, <;<'. net.
A. J. HERBERTSON, M.A. Ph.D. (The Oxford
Geographies, Vol, II.) Crown Svo, cloth, with 168
Maps ami Diagrams, 2s.
THE WEST INDIES. Vol. II. of
• \ Historical Geography of the British Colonies.
By C I' LUCAS, U.B. Revised and brought up to
date bj C. ATCHLEY, I.S.O. Second Edition, crown
Mil, cloth, 7s. <«'.
ELEMENTARY POLITICS. By T.
RALEIGH, sixth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo, stilt'
covers, ]x.
THE ELEMENTS OF RAILWAY
ECONOMICS,
cloth, 2*. net.
Bj vv. M. ACWORTH. Crown 8vo,
ALSO PUBLISHED BY HENRY FROWDE.
COUNSELS AND IDEALS FROM
THE WRITINGS OF WILLIAM OSLER Compiled
by C. N. B. CAMAC. Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt top, with
Portrait and Facsimile, is. net
If i ^CHESTER GUARDIAN.- '"Counsels and [deals'
is presented in an attractive form and is entirely devoid of
technicalities ; the book would make an excellent present
,.,, , mere layman quite as well as for a deserving medii al
student."
COMPLETE CATALOGUE POST FREE ON APPLICATION.
London : HENRY FROWDE, Oxford University Press Warehouse, A. ..en Corner. E.C
Til E AT II EN .KIIM
X U)81, Jan. 13, 1006
CHATTO & WINDUSS
JANUARY HooKS.
Now READY.
With :; Illu-M.it i' 'i is, (i.-mv 8vo, oloth, 7s. (Id. net.
THE STORY OF
CHARING CROSS
AND ITS IMMEDIATE NEIGHBOURHOOD.
By .1. HOLDEN MAOMICHAEL.
[n ' The Story of Charing Cross' the author deals
with an historic district "t London which i-. for
literary purposes, comparatively virgin soiL Apart
from its bigh topographical interest, 'The Story of
Centring Cross ' presents a faithful picture, drawn
from contemporaneous sources, of tin' life of our
forefathers in tin- seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries.
ARNOLD BENNETT'S NEW NOVEL.
On JANUARY 18. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6a.
HUGO:
A FANTASIA ON MODERN THEMES.
By ARNOLD BENNETT,
Author of 'Anna of the Five Towns,
&c.
In this booh Mr. Arnold Bennett produces a
successor to 'The Grand Babylon Hotel.' He again
takes a vast and highly complicated organism and
makes it the theatre of his plot. But Hugo's 'Uni-
versal Stores' are even vaster and more complicated
than the famous Hotel in the Strand. Hugo's
Stores begin with a great Safe Deposit below the
street ; then come four stories of Stores, then five
stories of expensive flats, and then, on top of all,
the Dome, where Hugo lives, and a roof restaurant
and garden, one of London's most fashionable
resorts. The plot, which contains several original
situations, and which is frankly designed to keep
the reader in a continuous state of excitement,
moves up and down the Hugo building — now in the
drapery departments at a new year's sale, now in
the sate deposit, now in one of the big Hats, now in
tin- Dome, now in the roof garden. The picturesque
and thrilling activity of the whole organism is thus
displayed from end to end.
MRS. PENNY'S STRONG NOVEL.
On JANUARY 2.1 Crown Svo, cloth, 6s.
CASTE AND CREED.
By F. E. PENNY,
Author of 'The Sanyasi,' ' Dilys,' &c.
The scene of 'Caste and (.'reed,' which is brilliant
and picturesque in its representationsof Native Life,
is laid in the South of India. The heroine is a girl
who is half of the East and half of the West, who
is brought up as a child in India under more or less
Hindu influence, and as a girl in England under
Christian mlluence. On her return to India she
becomes the interest inn cent re of a conflict of faiths
and religious ideals and of consequent plots, in
which a Brahmin who is highly educated in West-
ern w;i^-s takes a prominent part. The book is
crowded with incident, and is specialty notable for
its glimpses of the social life of the Hralimins, of
which but little is known by ordinary Knglish
peoplei Altogether the story will be a strange
revelation for most readers.
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS are publishing next week:—
LOUIS XIV. AND LA GRANDE
MADEMOISELLE.
By ARVEDE BABINE.
AUTHORIZED ENGLISH TORSION.
Illustrated Bvo, doth extra, in box, 12a »></.
(Uniform with 'The Youth ot La Grande BfademoueUa.')
All French history is interesting, but then- an- few of it- more Eacinating than
kaleidosoopio oareer of La Grande Mademoiselle. Shewae related to Louis XHL, by both father and
mother ; she was the richest heiress in France : shr aspired to In- an OmprOM, a nun. a politio*] power.
Her memoirs gave unique and valuable pictures of life at the Court of Anne of Austria, and of the wars-
Of the Fronde, in which she played a manly part.
A SWORD OF THE OLD FRONTIER.
The Adventures of a French Officer in the Pontiac Conspiracy.
By RANDALL PARRISH.
First Edition (English and American), 2o,000 copies. SECOND EDITION IN THE PKB88
Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 8a.
This, with the eighth edition of ' My Lath' of the North,' and the sixth edition of ' When
Wilderness Was King,' makes 100,000 copies of Mr. Parrish's three books printed in a year and a half.
This is Mr. Parrish's third story, and we regard it as his best for securing and holding the readers'
interest. There are four pictures in colour by F. C. Yohn, the greatest American illustrator of the
Colonial period.
EARLY SPRING ANNOUNCEMENT LIST NOW READY.
24, BEDFORD STREET, STRAND, LONDON, AND NEW YORK
NEW BOOK BY SIR LEWIS MORRIS. \ |Y|R. MURRAY'S NEW BOOKS.
London: CHATTO & W INDUS,
111, St. Martin's Lane, W.C.
THE
NEW RAMBLER.
From Desk to Platform.
Essays and Addresses.
By SIR LEWIS MORRIS.
Large crown Svo, fix. (id. net.
"This collection of essays forms a delightful volume.
Good prose is nearly as rare at present as good verse, .mil
this volume should find a place on- the shelves of all who
appreciate excellent work." — Manchester Courier.
"The range of subjects treated IS a. wide one, and all are
handled so as to combiae in a delightful manner a thorough
sympathy with the modern spirit, and a dignity and repose
of manner which are, indeed, refreshing in these days of
hurried and slipshod writing. The book reveals a rich
nature disciplined by wide culture and varied experience,
.mil surveying the affairs of men with that ' gentle wisdom '
which is one of the most beautiful products of the maturity
of genius and character."- Western Mail.
"This volume is :i book of prose essays and addresses,
ranging over many topics, and touching many aspects of
life, from such papers as 'In Praise of Gardens,' and 'is
Religious Influence Declining.'' to 'The Simple Life,' and
:A Vw ( ntrisni of I aetn the wilting is marked I v
ease and lucidiU of style and the (day of a graceful and
mature fancy Headers n ill tind in tins pleasant volume
by a veteran poet, much of quiet, but inspiring thought ;
and, above all, the writer has firm hold of the things that
matter, preaching truth and tenderness and duty as th,'
essentials of life." T. P.'S Weekly.
THE AFRICANDER LAND.
By ARCHIBALD R. COLQUHOUN, Author of ' Across-
Cnrysey* Greater America,' 5c. with 4 Maps, medium
16*. net. [Ju±t nut.
Mr. Colquhoun's latest work is of special interest at the
present political crisis, as it contains chapters on such
questions as
CHINESE LABOUR,
THE FUTURE OF RHODESIA,
THE ATTITUDE AND POLICY OK Till BOl RS,
* \M>
THE RELATIONS GENERALLY <»1 Mil.
COLONIES AND MOTHER COUNTRY.
As the future of the South African Colonies will be largely-
decided by the trend of home politics in the next few years,
every one should read this book, which gives a clear, im-
partial, and generally novel view of the situation in south-
Africa.
THE GERMAN OFFICIAL
ACCOUNT OF THE WAR IN
SOUTH AFRICA.
Prepared in the Historical Section of the (licit General
Staff, Berlin. Part 11. THE LD VANCE TO PRETORIA,
THE UPPER TUGELA CAMPAIGN, Ac. Translated by
CoL HUBERT DC CANE, B \ M.V.O. With Maps and
Plans, deiin 8vo, 15*. net. [Recithi ,
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO.,
;>(), Paternoster Row, London, E.C.
THE QUARTERLY REVIEW.
No. 4(Xi. JANUARY, 1MB. 8*.
mi: i 0ST <>K GOVERNMENT.
ORIGINALITY. AND CONVENTION IN LITERATURE. By
Prof. F. B. (illlllliiiiv
Tin: i 0NG0 \'l BSTION
PLATO ASH His PREDECESSORS By f C s Scr.ill.-r.
PANN5 BURNET. Bj J 0 Bailay.
ART UNDER THE ROHAN EMPIRE. Qltutratod. By H
sni;irt June,
THE l.HiHTTKKATMK.NT OK HISKASH Pcruct.
HA/1. ITT AND l.AMB. Hv Si. buy T Irwin.
GOLD AND THE RANEE ByR H. (ngUa Falgravs.
THE RIDDLE OF MUSIC. By Vernon Lie
THE UNEMPLOYED AND THE POOR-LAW.
DISINTEGRATION IN RUSSIA.
THE INIONIST RECORD.
JOHN MURRAY. Albemarle Street. \V.
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
37
MESSRS. BELL'S EDUCATIONAL WORKS.
EDUCATIONAL CATALOGUE SENT POST FREE ON APPLICATION.
MATHEMATICAL BOOKS.
Written on Modern Lines and following the Recommendations of the Mathematical Association and the Cambridge Syndicate.
NEW SCHOOL ARITHMETIC. By Charles Pendlebury, M.A.,
Assisted by F. E. ROBINSON, M.A. Second Edition. With or without Answers,
4s. Gd. ; or in Two Parts, 2». Gd. each. KEY to Part II., 8.?. Gd. net.
" The new sections on graphs, mensuration, and logarithms add considerably to the
value of the book, which in this form is unrivalled." — Athentnum, June 3, 1905.
NEW SCHOOL EXAMPLES IN ARITHMETIC. Extracted from
the Above. With or without Answers, 3*'. ; or in Two Parts, without Answers, Is. Gd.
and 2s.
EXAMPLES IN ARITHMETIC. With some Notes on Method.
By C. O. TUCKEY, M.A., Assistant Master at Charterhouse. Crown 8vo, with or
without Answers, 3s.
A NEW SHILLING ARITHMETIC. By C. Pendlebury, M.A., and
F. E. ROBINSON, M.A. Small crown 8vo, Is. ; or with Answers, Is. id.
{Ready shortly.
A New Arithmetic for Beginners, written on modern lines, with free employment of
Graphs, &c.
ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA. By W. M. Baker, M.A., and A. A.
BOURNE, M.A., of Cheltenham College. Complete. Crown 8vo, Second Edition,
with or without Answers, 4s. Gd. ; or in Two Parts. Parti., 2s. Gd. ; or with Answers,
3s. Part II., with or without Answers, 2s. Gd.
TEACHER'S EDITION, with the Answers to each set of Examples printed opposite
them. Two Parts, 5s. net each.
COMPLETE KEY, with numerous Graphical and other Figures, 10s. net; or in Two
Parts, 5s. net.
EXAMPLES IN ALGEBRA. Extracted from the Above. With or
ELEMENTARY GEOMETRY. By W. M. Baker, M.A., and A. A.
BOURNE, M.A. Complete, Fifth Edition,* Revised. 4s. Gd. Also in Parts :
BOOKS I.-IIL, Seventh Edition, Revised, 2s. Gd. ; BOOKS I.-IV., Fourth Edition, 3s.
Also published in the following form : — ■
BOOK I., Is. BOOKS I. and II., Is. Gd. BOOKS II. and
and IV., Is. Gd. BOOKS II., IV., 2s. Gd. BOOK IV., Is.
BOOK V., Is. Gd. BOOKS VL-VIL, 2s. BOOKS V.-VII., 2s. Gd.
Answers to Numerical and Mensuration Examples, Gd. COMPLETE KEY, 6s. net
III., Is. Gd. BOOKS III.
BOOKS IV. and V., 2s.
without Answers, 3s. ; or in Two Parts.
Part II., with or without Answers, 2s.
Part I., Is. Gd. ; or with Answers, 2s.
A FIRST ALGEBRA. By W. M. Baker, M.A., and A. A. Bourne,
M.A. Small crown 8vo, 192 pp., Is. Gd. ; or with Answers. 2s,
This book, which takes the subject as far as Quadratic Equations, will be found
specially suitable for the Local Examinations.
EXAMPLES IN ALGEBRA. By C. 0. Tuckey, M.A., Assistant
Master at Charterhouse. Fifth Edition. With or without Answers, 3s.
These Examples are intended to provide a complete course of Elementary Algebra for
classes in which the book-work is supplied by the Teacher.
NEW TRIGONOMETRY FOR SCHOOLS. By W. G. Borchardt,
M.A. B.Sc, Assistant Master at Cheltenham College, and the Rev. A. D. PERROTT,
M.A., Head Master of Coventry Grammar School. Crown 8vo, 4s. Gd. ; or in Two
Parts, 2s. Gd. each. COMPLETE KEY, 10s. net ; or in Two Parts, 5s. net each.
The Authors hope that this book will supply the need felt for a Trigonometry based on
Four-figure Logarithm Tables, the authorities responsible for the various Cambridge
Examinations, Army Entrance Examinations, &c, now dispensing with Seven -figure
Logarithms. The book lays stress on the more practical parts of the subject. Squared
paper is freely made use of, and COO Miscellaneous Examples are provided.
ELEMENTARY DYNAMICS. By W. M. Baker, M.A., Head
Master of the Military and Civil Department at Cheltenham College. New Edition,
Revised and Enlarged. With Chapters on Graphical Methods. Crown 8vo, 4s. («/.
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS FOR BEGINNERS. By Alfred
LODGE, M.A., Mathematical Master at Charterhouse. With an Introduction by
Sir OLIVER LODGE, D.Sc. F.R.S. LL.D., Principal of the University of Birming-
ham. Second Edition, Revised. 4s. Gd.
INTEGRAL CALCULUS FOR BEGINNERS. By Alfred Lodge,
M.A., Mathematical Master at Charterhouse. Crown 8vo, 4s. Gd.
PRACTICAL MATHEMATICS. By A. H. Stern, M.A., Principal of
Cedar Court Army College, Roehampton ; and W. H. TOPHAM, Science Instructor
at Cedar Court Army College, and at Harrow School. Crown Svo, 4s. Gd. Also in
Two Parts ; Part L, 2s. Gd. ; Part II., 3s. Gd.
FRENCH.
BELL'S FIRST FRENCH READER. By R. P. Atherton, M.A.,
Assistant .Master at Hailevbury College, Author of ' Bell's French Course' ; assisted
by F. GAL-LADEYEZE. Crown 8vo. With Illustrations by French Artists. Is.
BELL'S FRENCH COURSE. In Two Parts, Illustrated. Is. 6d. each.
V Third Edition of Part I. and a Second Edition of Part II. are now ready.
GASC'S CONCISE DICTIONARY OF THE FRENCH AND ENGLISH
LANGUAGES. Third Edition, Revised Medium 16mo, treble colums, xii-941 pp.
3s. Gd. ; or in Two Parts, 2s. each.
"It furnishes all that the schoolboy wants, and deserves the same popularity that the
large work has attained. It is a thoroughly sound and scholarly dictionary.''
"Should be widely appreciated." — Atheinvtuii. Journal of Education,
LATIN AND GREEK.
BELL'S ILLUSTRATED LATIN COURSE
FOR THE FIRST YEAR. In Three Parts.
By E. C. MARCHANT, M.A., and J. G. SPENCER, B.A.
With Coloured Plates and numerous other Illustrations. Crown 8vo, Is. Gd. each.
"We have never seen a book containing so near an approach to a 'royal road' of
learning Latin as is displayed in this volume." — Educational News.
BELL'S CONCISE LATIN COURSE.
By E. ('. MARCHANT, M.A., and .1. G. SPENCER, B.A. 2s.
*»* The 'CONCISE LATIN COURSE' is intended for use in Schools where it is
impossible to give so much time to Latin as is necessary for 'Bell's Latin Course,' in Three
Parts. It is complete in itself, containing Grammar, Exercises, and Vocabulary.
BELL'S ILLUSTRATED LATIN READERS.
Pott Svo, illustrated, with brief Notes and Vocabularies, Is. each.
SCALAE PRIMAE. Simple Stories for Translation. By J. G. Spencer,
B.A. Fourth Edition.
SCALAE MEDIA.E. Extracts from Eutropius and Caesar. By Percy
A. UNDERBILL, M.A. Third Edition. J
SCALAE TERTIAE. Graduated Extract* in Verse and Prose from
Phaedrus, Ovid, Nepos, and Cicero. By K. C. MARCHANT, M.A.
CLIMAX PR0TE. A First Greek Reader. In Two Progressive
Parts, with Hints and Vocabulary. By E. C. MARCHANT, M.A. With 30 Illustrations
Is. Gd.
BELL'S ILLUSTRATED CLASSICS.
Pott 8vo, illustrated, with or without Vocabularies, Is. Gd. each.
BOOK ill
HOOK IV.
hook v.
BOOK VI.
C \ ESAR.— DE BELLO GALLICO : HOOK I. Edited by A. C. LlDDELL, M.A.
book II. Edited by A. <*. Liddell, M.A.
Edited by I'. II. COLSON, M.A., and (!. M. GWYTHER, M.A.
Edited by Rev. A. W. Upcott, M.A.
Edited by A. Reynolds, M.A.
BOOKS IV. and V. in 1 vol. 2*. 6d.
Edited by J. T. Phillipson, m.a.
CICERO SPEECHES AGAINST CATALINE, Land II. Edited by F. Hf.kkino, M.A,
SELECTIONS PROM CICERO. Edited by .1. E. CHARLES, B.A.
CICERO. -DE SENECTUTE. Edited by A. S. WarmaN, B.A.
CICERO. -DE AMICrriA. Edited In II. .1. I.. .1. M \ssk. M.A.
CORNELIUS NEPOS.— EPAMINONDAS, HANNIBAL. CATO. Edited by H. L. EARL,
M . \ .
EUTROPIUS. BOOKS 1. and II. Edited by J. G SPENCER, B.A.
HOMER'S ILIAD. BOOK I. Edited by L.D. WAINWRIOHT, .M.A.
HOOK I. E.lited by ('. (I. BOTTTNO, .M.A.
Edited bv C. G. Botting, .M.A.
Edited bj ii. Latter, m.a.
Edited by n. Latter, m.a.
e. i.-xix. Edited by W. (i. PLAM8TEAD WALTERS, M.A.
HORACE. ODES.
BOOK II.
BOOK III
BOOK IV.
LIVV. BOOK IX. (
HANNIBAL'S FIRST CAMPAIGN IN ITALY. Selected from Llvy, Book XXL, and
Edited by E. E, A. In 11 i:s, M.A.
LUCIAN VERA HIHTORIA. Edited by It. B, V \tks, B.A.
0\!D. Mil IMORPHOSES. BOOK I. E.lited by G. II. Wilt.-, M.A.
SELECTIONS FROM OVID'S METAMORPHOSES. Edited by J. W. E. PEARCE, m v
ovid. -ELEGIAC selections. By e. coverlet smith, b.a.
ovid. tristia. book I. Edited bj a. e. Rogers, m.a.
— BOOK III. Edited by H. R. Wool. i; veil. M \
PHAEDRUS.— A SELECTION. Edited bv the Rev. R. II. CHAMBERS, M.A
STORIES OF GREAT MEN. Edited by the Rev. P.Conway, m \.
VERGIL. AENE1D. HOOK I. Edited bv the Rev. E. 1 1 SumiEmoit. M.A.
Edited by L. D. WAINWRIOHT, .M.A.
Edited bv L. D. Wainwright, m. v.
Edited bv A. s. Warhan, b.a.
Edited bv .1. T. PHILLIPSON, M. \.
Edited bv .i. T. Phillipson, m.a.
Edited bv L. D. WAINWRIOHT, M.A.
vehcil SELECTIONS from AENEID. hooks \ ii xii Edited by W. G. CO AS1 B \
XENOPHON. LNABASIS. book l. Edited bj E. C. MARCHANT, m \
BOOK II. Edited bv E. C. MARCHANT, M.A.
BOOK 111. Edited bv E. c Marchant, m.a.
BOOK
II.
HOOK
III.
HOOK-
IV.
BOOK
V.
BOOK
VI.
BOOK
VII.
QREER /'/..i vs. Price 2a each) with or without Vocabularies.
AESCHYLUS. PROMETHEUS VINCTUS. Bv C. E. LAURENCE, M \
EURIPIDES, ALCEvSTIS. Bv E. II. BLAKENET, M \
EURIPIDES. BACCHAE. Bj <:. M. GWYTHER, M.A.
EURIPIDES. HECUBA. Bj the Rev. A. W. DPCOTT, M.A
EURIPIDES. MEDEA. B\ the Rev. i NlCKLlN, M.A.
London: GEORGE BELL & SONS, York House, Portugal Street.
T ll E A Til EN .r.r M
N L081, .Ian. 13, 1006
MACMILLAN & CO.S
m-:\v HOOKS.
yOW HEADY.
LORD RANDOLPH
CHURCHILL.
r.v
WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL.
with Portraits. In 2 *"K. demy Bvo, 38>. net.
PRE-RAPHAELITISM AND
THE PRE-RAPHAELITE
BROTHERHOOD.
By W. HOLMAN BUNT, O.M. D.C.L.
With 411 Photogravure Plates, and other Illustrations.
In J role, mii, 4-J.v. net.
NEW EDITION, WITH NOTES BY
THE AUTHOR.
IN MEMORIAM.
By ALFRED, LORD TEN XV SON.
Edited )>y HALLAM, LORD TENNYSON.
Fcap. smi, 58. net.
THE HISTORY OF
AMERICAN PAINTING.
By SAMUEL ISHAM.
With 12 Full-Page Photogravures and 121 Illustrations in
the Text. Super-royal 8vo, 21*. net.
VOLS. I. AND II. NOW READY.
THE WRITINGS OF
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN.
Collected and Edited, with a Life and Introduction,
By ALBERT BENRY SMYTH.
In 10 vols, medium 8vo, Vols. I. and II. 12*. 6d. net each.
LIFE OF OLIVER ELLSWORTH.
Bj WILLIAM GARROTT BROWN. Svo, 8*. 6d. net.
THE RELIGION OF NUMA, and
other Essays on the Religion of Ancient Borne. By
JESSIE BENEDICT CARTER. Crown 8vo, 3*. 6d. net.
JESUS CHRIST AND THE CHRIS-
ii\\ CHARACTER. By Prof. FRANCIS GREEN-
WOOD PEABODY. Crown Bvo, 6». 6d. net.
VIKINGS OF THE PACIFIC. Being
a Companion Volume to ' The Pathfinders of the West.'
By AGNES C. LAUT. Richly illustrated. Extra
crown Bvo, 8s. (W. net.
EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY.
A Manual of Laboratory Practice. By EDWARD
BRADFORD TITCHENER Vol.11. QUANTITA-
TIVE EXPERIMENTS. Bvo. Part I. STUDENT'S
MANUAL. 6*. net Part 11. INSTRUCTOR'S
MANUAL. 10*. 6U net
THE PROBLEMS OF PHILO-
SOPHY. By BARALD BOFFDING. Globe 8vo,
is. ad. net
MACMILLAN & CO., Limited, London.
HURST & BLACKETTS
L I S T.
A NEW AND IMPORTANT BOOK BY
MISS MEAKIN.
In 1 vol. derm Bvo, with Illustration*, prioe l'i-. net.
RUSSIA,
Travels and Studies.
By ANXKTTK M. I',. MEAKIN,
Author of • A Ribbon of Iron,' &c.
" Misa MoaUin is a light, anecdotal, and pic-
turesque recorder, who trios to bring before as the
subjects of the Tsar as they Live, move, and have
their being." Daily Chronicle.
"The book gives a most interesting account oi
the success of German subjects of the Tsar settled
in Russia proper among loss progressive neigh-
bours."— /'u// Mall Gazette.
••.Miss Meakin has produced a most readable
and informative booh on Russia. The Russia she
describes is the normal Russia, not the Russia of
war and revolution." — Scots/man.
WITH TOGO ON HIS FLAGSHIP.
A Record of Seven -Months' Active Service under the
Croat Admiral. By SEPPINGS WRIGHT. With
numerous Illustrations taken on the spot, including the
Flagship. In 1 vol. demy Bvo, 10*. ad. net.
[Fourth Impression.
THE VOICE OF THE SOUTH. By
GILBERT WATSON, Author of 'Three Rolling Stones
in Japan.' Illustrated with Drawings by H. J. ENGEL
TERZL Demy Bvo, 10*. ad. net.
TROUBLE IN THE BALKANS.
By JOHN L. C. BOOTH, Special Correspondent to the
Graphic in .Macedonia in 1904. With numerous Illus-
trations from Sketches by the Author, and i Coloured
Pictures. Demy 8vo, 10s. (id. net.
IN REMOTEST BAROTSELAND.
From the Victoria Falls to the Source of the Zambesi
By Col. COLIN HARDING, C.M.G., Acting Adminis-
trator of Barotseland. In 1 vol. demy8vo, with numerous
Illustrations from Photographs taken on the journey,
Ws. (id. net.
FROM TOKYO TO TIFLIS.
Uncensored Letters from the War. ByF. A. MCKENZIE,
Special Correspondent of the Daily Mail. In 1 vol. demy
Svo, with Illustrations, 7s. (id. net.
ZANZIBAR IN CONTEMPORARY
TI.MFS. By R. N. LYNE. In 1 vol. demy svo, with
numerous Illustrations, 7s. Utl. net.
LHASA, Second Edition, by Percival
LANDON is Now Ready. In 2 vols. With all Un-
original Illustrations, and the New Official Survey of
Lhasa and Neighbourhood, 21. 2*. net.
NEW NOVELS.
FOR RICHER, FOR POORER. By
EDITH II. FOWLER, Author of 'The World and
Winstow,' &c. 1 vol. (in. Third Edition.
FORTUNE'S CAP. By Mary E. Mann,
Author of 'Olivia's Summer,' &C 1 vol. (in.
THE FATAL RING. By Dick
DONOVAN, Author of 'The Scarlet Seal,' 64c. 1 vol.
(is. net.
A PLATONIC FRIENDSHIP. By
\l>A CAMBRIDGE, Author of 'The Devastators,' 4c.
1 vol. 6*.
MISTRESS OF THE ROBES. By
SYDNEY ll. BURCHELL, Author of 'My Lady of the
Bass,' &c. 1 vol. 8*.
THE SECRET OF THE LEB0MB0.
By BERTRAM MTTFORD, Author of 'Dorrien of
Cranston, ' <Sc 1 vol. Bj.
THE SHOWMAN. By the Author of
'The Views of Christopher,' Ac. 1 VOL 8*.
A LONELY FIGHT. By Alice M.
DIEHL, Author of 'Bread upon the Waters, ,\r.
1 vol 6*.
HURST & BLAOKETT, Limited,
ISJ, High Hollxirn, W.C.
MESSRS. J. M. DENT & CO.'S
EDUCATIONAL BOOKS.
Coin) ' •■'< apptit
DENT'S NEW SERIES OP
MATHEMATICAL & SCIENTIFIC
TEXTBOOKS FOR SCHOOLS.
Edited by w. .1. GREENS! 1:1 1.1 U a i 1: \ -
Head Master of Mailing School, Stroud, and Editor of the
.1/./'/
PRACTICAL NATURE STUDY
FOR SCHOOLS.
By Oswald II LATTER, ma , Senior Science Master at
charterhouse ; formerly 'I utor of Keble College, OxfonL
PART 1. (I'upils- Book;. Za 64. net.
P \ 1: 1 11 ( 1 cachets' Aid and Answer), a*, net.
S.B. I'nit II. if supplied ' d Teacher/,
The SCHOOL 9UARDIAN says: We heartily Dammentl this
)>.H.k to : > 1 1 teachers who Include Nature study in their time I
The SCHOOL WORLD ►•■>> :■ It i- Import Me to st»-.,k too highly
of the skill with which the questions hare been framed."
The JOURNAL 0/ EDUCATION says:— "The question* are
excellent, and cannot be answered uitl.",it penonal otimiataon..*.
The book is a, thoroughly good oue."
A FIRST BOOK OF
GEOMETRY.
By W. H. TOTING, Sc. I)., senior Examiner to the Welsh
Examination Board, and Mrs. VOl'NG, Ph.D.
Crown svo, 1*. (id. net.
With 3 Coloured and many other Illustrative Diagrams.
The WESTMINSTER GAZETTE says:— "Remarkable alike for
it* contents, its profusion of ill plain and coloured
for the price at which it is offered to tin- public. ..Tin- child
everything himself j he is nut taught, he learns. The ideal which the
authors have set themselves. Is excellent, and the t»ook is evidently the
outcome of much patient care and 1 bought."
New Volumes in rapid preparat
LIGHT.
By P. K. BEES, M. A., late Demonstrator of Physics, Bangor.
TRIGONOMETRY.
ByCKCIL HAWKINS. MA.. Haileyhury College, Hert-
ford, Member of the Mathematical Association Committee
on the Teaching of Mathematics.
DENTS FIRST LATIN BOOK.
Bv HAROLD W. ATKINSON. MA. Head Master of the
Boys' High School, Pretoria, and J. W. E. PEARCE,
Head Master. Mertoii Court School. Sidctip.
With 12 Coloured Illustrations by M. E. DURHAM.
Small crown s\,.. cloth, 2fc ad. net.
The SCHOOLMASTER says:— " \ unique book — It represents a
wonderful stride in teaching Latin.
THE
TEMPLE CYCLOPEDIC PRIMERS.
IS. net per vol.
Mr, C. W. Kimmins. MA. D.Sc, Secretary to the London Society
for the Extension of University Teaching, writes : "I imagine the
series will be of very coat value for University Extension students,
and for the upper forms in Secondary Schools. I shall strongly ■
mend them on everj possible occasion.*
A Selection.
CHEMISTRY, MODERN: Theoretioal and Systematic, r.y Sir
William Ramsay, D.Sc. F.R.8. 8 vols. Sold separately.
CHURCH. THE ENGLISH. By the Very ftev. 11 I'M Bpenoe, Rl>
Dean ol Gloucester.
CONSTITUTION, THE ENGLISH. By Leonard Courtney.
ENGLISH [iOCAL GOVERNMENT, ByR. C Maxwell.
FRENCH HISTORY. By Arthur Hassan1, MA
FRENCH LITERATURE, MI'.l'l.l'A \1. By Gaston Paris.
GREEK ANTIQUITIES, A M\Nt LL OF. By Pro*. M
GREEK DR \M \. B] I. D Barnett, M \
GREEK HISTORY. ByProl B Swoboda, Ph.D.
LANGUAGE HISTORY OF ByHenrySweel M \
LITERATURE, JUDGMENT IN Bj W. Basil WoraMd. MA.
MYTHOLOGY, GREEK AND ROMAN l;> Dr 11 . st ending.
PHYSIOLOGK Al. PSY< HOLOGY. Bj \V tlaodougalL
PLANT LIFE AND STRUCTURE By Dr. K. Dennert
POLITICS, HISTORx OF Bj Edward Jenln v: \
ROMAN LITERATURE. By Dr. Joachim.
ROMAN 1 1 1ST" >K V B] Dr. Julius Koch.
i;i SSI \n BISTORT Bg Prof. Rappoport
s\< RED LITERATURE, ByG. I. Sunt,
SCIENCE AN INTRODUCTION TO. By Dr. Alexander Hill.
Master of Downing College, Cambridge, late Yne chancellor of
the Univertdt]
TENNYSON. By Morton Loos.
VENETIAN REPUBLIC, THE By Horatio F. Brown.
J. M. DENT & CO. 29, Bedford Street, W.G
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
39
SATURDAY, JANUARY 13, 1906.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
. 39
. 40
41
Jebb's Bacchvlides
The University of Wales
Three Books on Modern Education
New Novels (Miss Desmond : an Impression ; The
Ford ; The Red-Haired Woman ; A Vendetta in
Vanity Fair ; The Interpreters ; The Colonel's
Dream ; The Cruise of the Conquistador ; A Pre-
tender) 42—43
Books for Students 43
Publications for Schools 45
Our Library Table (The Fourth Party ; The Great
Siege ; Irish History and the Irish Question ; ' In
Memoriam ' with Tennyson's Annotations ; The
Treasure of the Humble ; The Hundred Best Latin
Poems ; My Schools and Schoolmasters ; The
Schoolmasters Year - Book ; " The Library of
Modern Classics " ; The Dublin Review) . . 48—49
List of New Books 49
The Classical Association ; The Assistant Masters
in Secondary Schools ; Educational Notes ;
'Russia'; Mr. Lee's 'Census of Shakespeare
First Folios ' ; The 1477 Venice Edition of the
'dlvina commedia'; 'the royal forests of
England' 49—52
literary gossip 52
Science — Charles Jasper Joly, F.R.S. ; 'An Ex-
pl\nvtion of Magnetism'; Societies; Meet-
ings Next Week ; Gossip 53—55
Fine Arts— Colour Books ; The New Gallery ;
Archaeological Notes ; Gossip . . . . 55—57
Music — The London Symphony Orchestra in
Paris; Gossip; Performances Next Week 58—59
Drama — The Harlequin King; French Comedy
Season ; The Interlude of Youth ; As You
Like it; Gossip 59—60
Index to Advertisers GO
LITERATURE
Bacchylides : the Poems and Fragments.
Edited, with Introduction, Notes, and
Prose Translation, by Sir Richard C.
Jebb. (Cambridge, University Press.)
This edition, long expected and now sadly
welcome, crowns the series of publications
relating to works of Greek literature re-
covered from Egyptian papyri during the
last fifteen years. Three works of first-
rate importance for Greek literary history
have been thus gained during this period :
Aristotle's ' Constitution of Athens,' the
Mimes of Herondas, and the poems of
Bacchylides. In each case the course of
development has been curiously similar.
In each case the papyrus has been
acquired by the British Museum, and the
editio princeps has emanated thence ; in
each case the bulk of. the subsequent
criticism, which has brought the text of
the new author to an approximately
settled state, has proceeded from Germany;
and in each case what may be called the
full-dress edition, with its apparatus of
introductions, critical notes, and com-
mentary, has been the work of England.
It is noteworthy, moreover, that in each
case this full-dress edition has been pro-
duced by a Cambridge scholar. Oxford
has had a predominant share in the dis-
covery and first publication of Greek
papyri ; but when they have once been
published, the resident scholars of that
university have apparently washed their
hands of them, and taken no part in the
subsequent labours connected with them.
For the standard commentary on the ' Con-
stitution of Athens ' we have to look to
Dr. Sandys (though with regard to textual
matters the last word at present is with
Mr. Kenyon's Berlin Academy edition) ;
for that on Herondas to Mr. Nairn ; while
that on Bacchylides has now been most
worthily supplied by the late Greek pro-
fessor at Cambridge.
All scholars who are acquainted with
Jebb's monumental Sophocles (and what
scholar is not acquainted with it ?)
will know what to expect from his edition
of Bacchyhdes. They will be prepared
for the full introduction (in this case
occupying 240 pages), in which is to be
found all that is to be said about the
poet's life and literary characteristics, the
manuscript in which his poems are pre-
served, and the contents and character of
the poems ; for a carefully edited Greek
text and critical notes, in which account
is taken of all that has been written on
the subject at home and abroad ; for a
translation into correct and graceful
English ; and for an elaborate explanatory
commentary, overflowing (in the case of
the more difficult passages) into appen-
dixes. All this they will look for and will
find. We have not a little sympathy with
those who hold that commentaries nowa-
days are overdone, and that an author can
be read with more pleasure and profit if
explanatory notes are reduced to a
minimum ; but if we are to have com-
mentaries which aim at noticing every
point that can be noticed in connexion
with an author, such work can hardly be
done more thoroughly and sympathetically
than it has been here.
The extant poems of Bacchylides reach
a total of about 1,300 short lines ; and in
a volume of 524 pages these may seem to
be somewhat overlaid by commentary.
None the less it would be a mistake to
suppose that Jebb is ever either dis-
cursive or irrelevant. The introductions
and notes are strictly to the point, ex-
cept, perhaps, for a slight tendency to
repeat in the commentary what has been
said in the critical notes ; but if every
point suggested by the poems is to be
touched upon — doubtful readings, dialect,
style, metre, myths, archaeology, parallel
passages, and the rest — and if due atten-
tion is to be paid to the various opinions
expressed by other scholars, the resulting
volume cannot but be of considerable
size. And there is at any rate this to
be said for it : that there is no subject
bearing upon the criticism of Bacchyhdes
which the student will not find duly
treated in these pages. They form, in
fact, a standard edition of the poems
which is likely to hold that position for
many years to come.
It is late in the day to be speaking of
Jebb's merits as an interpreter of classical
Greek literature; were they not (with
other qualities) recognized and registered
in the select circle of the Order of Merit I
It is true that the simplicity of Bacchylides
makes no such demand on the delicate
skill of the interpreter as the subtlety of
Sophocles, and that there are few passages
of which the text is intact where the
meaning remains seriously doubtful. On
the other hand, the mutilated condition
of the papyrus makes frequent demands
on an editor's sense of style and language,
and this is a department of scholarship
in which Jebb was admittedly a master.
He is careful to say that, where the text
is lost or greatly mutilated, any supple-
ment that is suggested is offered only as
an illustration of the sense to which the
evidence of the context points, not as a
restoration of the text for which full con-
fidence can be claimed. It is, indeed,
hopeless to expect a modern scholar to
divine precisely the words which an
ancient poet would have used, unless the
circumstances limit the field of conjecture
very narrowly ; but several passages
could be indicated in which Jebb has
at least written verses which Bacchyhdes
might, we think, have been glad to sign.
We are inclined to select the eighth ode
(that to Automedes) as a particularly
favourable specimen of the editor's re-
constructive skill.
It is obviously impossible to notice here
all the points of interest suggested by
Bacchyhdes and his editor ; but a few
matters of detail may be noted. In the
bibliography the volume of MM. d'Eichthal
and Reinach might be included among the
editions of selections as well as among the
translations, and the beautiful illustra-
tions with which it is adorned deserve
especial mention ; in particular, the repro-
ductions of Greek vases illustrating the
two Theseus odes might be referred to along
with those published by Mr. A. H. Smith
in The Journal of Hellenic Studies. A
large number of conjectural supplements
are not assigned to any author in the
apparatus criticus. Presumably they are
due to the first editor, and it would, of
course, be superfluous to record this fact
in the case of all the more obvious restora-
tions ; but a general statement as to the
practice adopted, either in the preface or
at the beginning of the apparatus, would
have removed all doubt. We venture to
question the rendering of i. 37-40, " those*
gifts which Apollo bestowed on Pantheides
in respect to the healer's art and the kindly
honouring of strangers." The idea that
hospitality is a grace bestowed by the
gods seems alien to the spirit of Bacchy-
lides, if not to that of Greek poetry in
general, and we should prefer to translate
" on account of his works of healing and
his kindly hospitality." In i. 65 does not
tvfjLapeiv represent "ease" rather than
" opulence " ? Mortals find no satisfaction
in mere easy comfort, but crave always for
something just beyond. It is the spirit
of Wendell Holmes's poem : —
I only ask that Heaven may send
A little more th.in I run spend.
At v. 67 it is. noteworthy that Jebb has
abandoned his proposal to read dpyeoras,
as epithet of ave/uos, in place of dpyjj<rr<£s :
the latter is certainly tin- more picturesque
word (" the gleaming headlands of Ida ").
At v. 164 Jebb definitely rejects the
rendering " one should speak that which
is likely to have effect." for \PV K("'"
Xtyav o ti Kal [uWu rcActv in favour of " m
man should speak of that which he can
hope to accomplish." He accepts Blass's
amalgamation of odes vii. and viii. (as
in
T II E A T II EN .i: U M
N t081, Jan. 1.3, 1906
numbered in the ulitii) prinri ps) a.s a
■ingle ode. :unl thenceforward gives a
double cumbering of theodee. If this is
nerally adopted by s< Ik dais, it would
be bettor definitely to drop the original
numbering henceforth, bo as to avoid the
cumbrousness of the double numeration.
At i\. 12 he makes out au excellent case
for Blass's ingenious emendation of naxn
(=krTm, a word vouched for by Ilesv-
ohius) for the MS. waurl. At s. 110-20
(one of the most dillieult passages in the
poems) he now believes vpoyovoi or wpoy6va>v
to be metrically impossible, and proposes
wph van? iavapivav. Apart from the
metrical difficulty, it may be questioned
whether such a genitive absolute is in the
manner of Bacehylides. At xv. 1 it is
dillieult to find a supplement which gives
a sufficient number of feet without an
excessive number of letters; but Jebb's
reading, \\\<tiio\> [!*■' etfi'"]. hrel, is open to
objection on the score of euphony. The
book is admirably printed throughout, and
we have .noticed only three misprints :
7rpo(j-6</>wi'ei for 7rpocr0ali£t in the note on
viii. 15, a comma for a full stop at the
end of x. 58, and a superfluous iota sub-
script in AapTiySa, xiv. 6.
With the appearance of this stately
and complete edition (" totus, teres atque
rotundus ") Bacehylides may fairly be
said to have entered into the full citizen-
ship of the noble company of classical
poets. Of his position in their ranks there
is little that is new to be said. Eight
years' study has done little or nothing to
alter the impressions left by the editio
princeps, and indeed embodied in the
introduction to that volume. Bacehylides
is not one of the masters of Hellenic
poetry. In particular, he does not bear
comparison with the poet with whom
one inevitably compares him, his con-
temporary and rival, Pindar. He has
nothing of the power and majesty of
^Eschylus, the fire and splendour of Pindar,
the subtlety and perfect adjustment of
means to ends of Sophocles. He lacks
originality in all directions. But on his
own lower plane he has merits which a
self-conscious and artificial age should be
slow to decry. He has simplicity, direct-
ness, grace, and picturesqueness of phrase.
He is not afraid of telling a straight-
forward story in a straightforward way ;
and his choice of epithets (in which he
abounds) shows a feeling for colour and
for natural scenery.
If we wish to realize the artistic and
poetic value of this simplicity and direct-
ness, it is instructive to compare Bac-
ehylides with another Greek poet with
whom we have recently been able to make
acquaintance through the discovery of a
papyrus manuscript in Egypt — Timotheus
of Miletus. Writing only about half a cen-
tury after the death of Bacehylides, Timo-
theus stands at the very antipodes of style.
Every phrase is contorted ; every word,
almost, is metaphorical, and the meta-
phors are in the worst possible taste.
Simplicity and directness are deliberately
avoided; every -entcnee must be un-
natural and striking. And the result is
a poem which so skilled a scholar and
translator as Wilamowita fads frankly
untranslatable into any modern lango
and which tan certainly be read with no
pleasure. The highest sentiment which it
evokes is an amazed amusement, speedily
degenerating into disgust, at such verbal
gymnastics. Turn hack from the |Vi-e
01 Timotheus to the two odes which
Bacehylides addressed to Hiero, or the
two upon the subject of Theseus, and you
feel how immeasurable is the superiority
of simplicity, even in a somewhat con-
ventional and commonplace mind, over
the tricks and contortions of a charlatan.
In Timotheus the characteristic Greek
excellence, the sense of style and of mode-
ration, is wholly lost; but Bacehylides,
with all his limitations, has his heritage
in the true Hellenic spirit, which is the
imperishable soul of literature.
The University of Wales and its Constituent
Colleges. By W. Cadwaladr Davies and
W. Lewis Jones. (Robinson & Co.)
To most people it may seem all too early
to write a history of the University of
Wales. Its charter was granted only in
1893, and it was not until two or three
years later that the new University got
into anything like working order. Its
three constituent colleges were, it is
true, already in existence ; but of these
even the pioneer college of Aberystwyth
had only just attained its majority, while
the other two had not entered on their
teens. But if the University itself does
not yet call for a history, the movement
which culminated in its establishment
transcends in historic interest anything
else that Wales has experienced since the
religious revival of the eighteenth century.
The present work is therefore more the
history of a movement than of an
institution : its subject is scarcely less
comprehensive than the history of learn-
ing in Wales, of which the University is
but " a symbol and a manifestation."
This view enhances the importance of the
Welsh University as a factor in the national
life, and gives it a unique position among
modern universities, as being "in a very
real sense, the expression of a ' people's
will.' " The authors, indeed, claim that
" the Welsh University is the embodiment
of the genius of a race, and the final expres-
sion of a national tradition of learning "
which has survived the vicissitudes of cen-
turies. The opening chapters are therefore
fittingly devoted to a rapid survey of the
course of this development from early
British times to the Victorian period.
The conspicuous landmarks in it are the
unrealized projects for founding a Welsh
University, associated with the names of
Owen Glyndwr, Henry VII., and Richard
Baxter respectively ; Thomas Gouges
abortive attempt, in the last quarter of
the seventeenth century, to organize a
system of popular education : and the
more successful labours of Griffith Jones
in establishing " circulating " schools in
the following century.
The modern history of the subject
virtually begins, however, with the
appointment in l s W oi ( iommissii
inquire into the educational condition of
the Principality. The fierce oontrovi
which raged round then reports led m
to institute s comparison between Wales
and other parte of the Dinted Kingdom
0 their respective mean- of instruction ;
and the fa<t that Wale- had no equivalent
to the recently established Queen's Col-
leges of Inland, or to the Dhiversitie
Scotland —all of them state-aided in
some form or other seems t.i have sug-
gested to Leading Welshmen,
almost simultaneously, the idea of pro-
vincial colleges or of a d« . ee-g ring
University for Wale-. Though a scheme
for a partial realization of this idea was
actually prepared in 1854. the outbreak
of the Crimean War and the more pressing
needs of primary education prevented for
a number of years all further progress in
the matter. In 1802 the movement
received a fresh stimulus : the idea of a
national University began to take hold of
the popular imagination ; and after ten
years of the most persistent propaganda
the end of the fir>t -taure was reached
when, in October, 1872. the University
College of Wales was opened at Aber-
ystwyth. Then followed another ten
years of heroic effort, during which the
Welsh people, by their voluntary contri-
butions, not only maintained the College
without assistance from any public fund,
but also restored its fabric after a dis-
astrous fire.
The story of these early strugg:
which constitute what has been described
as " the romance of Welsh education,"
is full of fascination, and is told in these
pages — all too briefly, in our opinion,
although with deep sympathy and a
restrained enthusiasm. But for the titanic
labours of Sir Hugh Owen and the first
Principal of the College, the whole move-
ment would probably have collapsed ; and
the writers justly observe that.
* if it is no exaggeration to say that without
Sir Hugh Owen the University College of
Wales would never have been established,
it is certainly less to say that it would never
have readied its twentieth birthday but for
Thomas Charles Edwards."
The establishment in 1882-3 of the two
younger colleges of Cardiff and Bangor —
to which, as ultimately also to Abery>t-
wyth. an annual Government grant was
allocated — at last rendered possible the
establishment of a national University of
a federal type. In connexion with this
final stage of the movement, a third name,
that of Principal Viriamu Jones, is honour-
ably mentioned. From him came the first
call to united action between the colic.
and he more than any one else was
responsible for the Welsh conception of
the function and organization of their
University. It is true thai the recent
abandonment of the federal principle in
the case of the Victoria University has
already led a few to question the wisdom
of retaining that principle in Wales.
Owing to the great distance and the poor
railway facilities between the three con-
stituent colleges, the federal system, in
its working, is not only costly, but also
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
41
involves a " serious drain upon the time
and the physical and mental energies of
those who are compelled to work it."
Nevertheless the prevailing opinion un-
questionably is, in the words of Sir Richard
Jebb, that " the drawbacks of the federal
system are outweighed by the fact that
the existing University stands for all
Wales, and has the undivided support of
Welsh sentiment behind it " ; and, as the
authors add, " the main disability of the
University and of its colleges at the present
time arises not so much from the federal
system as from their common poverty."
As to this latter question, the position
would have been made much clearer if
the authors had offered a summarized
balance-sheet or a statement as to the
chief items of expenditure for any given
year. Among other minor omissions in
the work is the absence of any reference to
the place occupied by athletics at the
colleges, and to the social life of the
students generally. The college songs
deserved mention, especially that of Aber-
ystwyth— ' The College by the Sea.' And
how is it that no reference is made to Sir
Lewis Morris's stirring ode in celebration
of the King's installation as first Chan-
cellor of the University ?
In addition to views of the three
colleges, the illustrations include photo-
graphs of the King in his robes as Chan-
cellor, of the late Sir Hugh Owen, and of
the University seal, which was designed
by Burne-Jones. The colleges do not
seem to have yet adopted any coats of
arms — a strange omission for people who
in the past laid great stress on heraldry.
Like all the other members of this series,
the volume is well printed and has an
attractive appearance. It would, in our
opinion, make a most suitable prize-book
for pupils in the higher forms of the
secondary schools of Wales.
MODERN EDUCATION IN HISTORY
AND PRACTICE.
Pioneers of Modern Education. By John
William Adamson. (Cambridge, Uni-
versity Press.)
Let Youth but Know. By Kappa.
(Methuen & Co.)
The Infant School. By J. Gunn. (Nelson
& Sons.)
Prof. Adamson directs our attention to
the men of the seventeenth century, and
gives a lucid and sympathetic account
of the thoughts and deeds of these
■ " pioneers," and we must admit that to
the efficiency of many of their schemes
this century has not yet attained. The
renascent vigour and enthusiasm of the
period between 1600 and 1700 was suc-
ceeded by the lethargy of a century that,
so far as educational progress is concerned,
was dull, if not retrograde, so that we
now seem obliged to begin over again,
feeling but little practical advantage
from the preceding age. The period
under consideration may from certain
standpoints " be regarded as peculiarly
French"; that is to say, the schemes
prepared in France, and their realization
in practice by French ndividuals and
communities, are more humane — tend
more to promote what we suppose
Matthew Arnold meant by " sweetness
and light " — than the contemporaneous
plans and work in our own island and
elsewhere.
The views of Milton on education
largely dominated the pedagogic thought
of the time, but his influence on actual
school work made itself felt through
the teachings of his " most distinguished
pedagogic disciple, Comenius " ; and both
in Great Britain and Germany there
was a puritanical leaven in school re-
formers which kept them, or tended to
keep them, aloof from " worldly folk,"
and they declined to admit that at any
rate one of the great objects of education
is to enable men and women to '* enjoy
leisure nobly " ; for, as Prof. Adamson
tells us, " Pietism agreed with Comenius
that the paganism of Greek and Roman
literature made both dangerous instru-
ments of Christian education." This
austere opinion was held more or less
strongly, sometimes perhaps half uncon-
sciously, by English educational reformers,
but it found no place in the French mind,
and in France the value of literature and
its fitting place in education were un-
grudgingly recognized from the first.
Great skill is shown by Prof. Adamson
in so displaying the thoughts and sug-
gestions of the great educational philo-
sophers of the century — Milton, Comenius,
Montaigne, and others — that readers out-
side the walls of schools and class-rooms
will be interested in them. He also
introduces his readers to two success-
ful schoolmasters who were reformers
of method and advocates of greater
comprehensiveness in school curricula.
Bacon and other thinkers, Brinsley, Hoole,
Comenius, and the more enlightened
schoolmasters urged the expediency of
widening the curriculum by the inclusion
" of the mother tongue at least among
living languages, of mathematics, of
natural science, of geography, and similar
branches of knowledge." These reforms
were greatly hastened by the advocacy
of Montaigne and other distinguished
Frenchmen ; and to them is largely
due the establishment of " courtly
academies," where the training was
specially adapted to the needs of cour-
tiers, men of affairs, and men of
action rather than of pure scholars,
logicians, and grammarians. Similar in-
stitutions were introduced into Germany
under the patronage of the Protestant
Courts there, and one or two were planted
in England. " Courtly education and
scholastic education therefore fell apart,"
at any rate for a time, " the collocation
of scholar and gentleman being a later
and an English conception." While the
Academie Royale and kindred foundations
and the Ritterakademien were training
sons of nobles and wealthy gentlemen,
two remarkable sets of schools were
instituted in France and Germany respec-
tively, the one by St. Jean Baptiste de
la Salle, founder of the Institute of the
Brothers of the Christian Schools, the
other by A. H. Francke, Professor of
Divinity at Halle. Both are living insti-
tutions to-day, but with diminished energy:
the Halle institutions have been absorbed
into the national system of Prussia, and
the activity of the Brothers of the Chris-
tian Schools has been restricted by recent
legislation.
The general conclusions of the author's
historical studies are pleasantly sum-
marized in a very readable final chapter ;
and the last paragraph encourages us
to hope " that the struggle of Classics v.
Science is drawing to a close " — a hope
that would be speedily realized if educa-
tional authorities and legislators were
actuated by the wise and tolerant philo-
sophy of Montaigne ; but are they ?
The practical use of present education
is considered by Kappa, who is clearly
not a schoolmaster by profession. He
tells us that when he determined to
write on education he was confronted
by the question, " Shall I read, and then
write ? or write, and then read ? Happily
for his readers, he chose the latter alter-
native. Had he made any extended ex-
cursion into the arid domain of pedagogic
literature, his own essays might have
become as dull as many of the volumes
he would have perused ; as it is, they are
brilliant, interesting, and, we are able to
add, convincing. Kappa, we gather, has
been through the usual educational mill
himself, and so speaks with considerable
certainty of the working of the machine
and of the product it turns out ; but his
experience is, we venture to think, some-
what exceptional if he has met many
undergraduates like the Oxbridge one,
whom he skilfully portrays in his opening
chapter. Young men of whom this is a
typical representation may, and no doubt
do, exist, but at present they are certainly
few, although " absorption in childish
things " — to wit, " Greek accents and
bowling averages " — will surely tend to
their multiplication ; nor is Kappa wholly
innocent of exaggeration in stating that
the studies of Oxbridge leave successive
generations of undergraduates in sheer
blindness to the splendours of their en-
vironment in life.
" The fundamental task of a liberal
education " is, we read, " to awaken and
to keep ever alert the faculty of wonder
in the human soul." From this we see
that the " youth " concerning whom, and
for whose educational benefit, Kappa
writes is the fortunate generation that
goes to a great public school, and sub-
sequently, in all probability, to a uni-
versity— most likely to Oxbridge. The
scholar in a primary school must of
necessity face the coming struggle for
existence with more than the faculty of
wonder, or he will be in immediate danger
of experiencing hunger ; and indeed the
faculty of wonder will not suffice, either,
for the public-school boy or undergraduate.
Wonder may well remain passive ; and
Kappa himself recognizes its insufficiency
when he recommends a training that will
enable the schoolboy to realise something
T II E A T II EN .v:r M
N 1081, .J\n,
13. L906
of the umlil a- it is, and to divine some*
thing of what it must be. Existing
Bystexni profess, at Least, to do tins ; bnt
we are thoroughly at one with Kappa in
thinking thai they do it meagrely, un-
interestingly, and inefficiently. History
and SOienoe, Ul the wide sense and with
the wide scope assigned to them in t!
essays, are the Bubjeots on which a boy's
attention should he concentrated. The
author makes no attempt to compile a
manual of method, and, if we mistake not,
he disclaims all practical acquaintance
with teaching ; nevertheless, he makes
numerous suggestions which, if followed,
would very greatly enhance the value of
the work done in our schools ; and he
shows conclusively, and in eloquent
passages that have the ring of sincerity
and enthusiasm, that the scholars' interest
would be keen in lessons planned and
given in accordance with his views. He
does not, moreover, fall into the unwisdom
— now not infrequent — of advocating that
education should be all play and no work.
" A due proportion of drudgery is an
essential in education " ; without it, the
disciplinary value of schools is lost.
During a certain number of hours daily,
boys should be made to face difficulties
strenuously, and to master uninviting,
necessary details and facts ; but " the
remaining school hours" should be "dis-
tinctly pleasant to every intelligent and
well-disposed boy."
No writer on educational matters does
well to avoid two subjects much in public
thought at present — we mean athletics
and ethics. These are discussed in
the last two essays, and the treatment
is eminently sane and right-minded. All
actual play has Kappa's hearty sympathy.
But he adds (and all reasonable, healthy
opinion must be with him, although this
opinion avails but little at the present
time) : —
"It is the inversion of reason, whereby
games become the main business of life, to
which all intellectual interests are openly
subordinated, that I regard as noxious to
the individual, and perilous to the body
politic."
Absorption in athletics becomes almost
inevitably absorption in " sport," with its
concomitant — gambling. Kappa adds a
postscript ' On Bullying ' which may
make boys and some masters alter their
thoughts on this subject. There is much
to interest boys, parents, and school-
masters in these two concluding chapters ;
and indeed the whole book is worth read-
ing.
The object of much of the discussion in
speech and writing concerning the infants'
schools in this country seems to be how
to adapt the young pupil to the system
of training that his elders have laid down
for him, the central fact in the discussion
being the curriculum, and not the pupil.
Mr. Gunn has, he tells us, made an attempt
" to discuss education from the central
standpoint — the child to be educated."
Mr. Gunn's method of treatment is cer-
tainly the more logical ; and it is interest-
ing to observe that just because it is more
logical and more true to nature, it is vastly
more illuminating, and will be found more
serviceable to teachers, as well ;i- more
helpful to managers. The infant wh
requirements are here considered i~ not
the " average infant, but just the
ordinary human child from the age at
which he can with advantage attend an
infants' school to the age of seven or
perhaps eight, when he leaves it for the
boys' school. This young person, essen-
tially unmoral (not immoral), with little
or no conscience, under the influence of
natural instincts, ceaselessly active during
waking hours, the main requirement of
whose nature is freedom to grow in all
ways, needs far more individual attention
than do his elder brothers and sisters,
and pines and becomes developed in
wrong directions if treated as an average
being. All averages presuppose extremes,
but in this case the extremes are very
wide apart, and therefore distant from
the mean. On this consideration depends
an important reform advocated by all
authorities — the diminution in number
of the infants under the care of one class
teacher, so that each little pupil can
receive more of the teacher's attention.
Mr. Gunn makes much of the educa-
tional advantage of play — that is, of games
and occupations that the teacher is clever
and sympathetic enough to control and
direct, without any considerable inter-
ference with children's spontaneity in
carrying them out. The hardest of
all things for an infant is to sit still ;
and herein lies one of the greatest diffi-
culties of an infant teacher's professional
work — the children cannot, she must not,
sit still. The teacher must foster the
pupil's activity and maintain his interest
in his occupation without inducing in
him any overstrain (either conscious or
unconscious) of his powers or any undue
fatigue. Information is not mainly, or
even largely, the function of the infants'
school ; the really important thing re-
quired is simply growth — intellectual,
moral, but mainly physical growth — in
a healthy, formative, and not too stimu-
lating environment.
" The chief difference between the Infant
School and the Infant Playground ought
to be that the former has a lower roof than
the latter ; for the rest, the less division
between them the better."
Mr. Gunn summarizes the teachings of
the " prophets of the infant school "
from Comenius to Herbart, and points
out the direct bearing of their philoso-
phical views upon the everyday routine of
the ordinary infants' class. The teaching
of this part of the volume — indeed
that of the whole work — is of practical
value ; and we should be glad to believe
that the paragraphs on ' General Culture
of the Teacher ' and ' Professional Litera-
ture and Study ' were thoughtfully read
by young teachers in all infants' class-
rooms.
The advice offered regarding the efficient
teaching of subjects of instruction when
at last the time — and this time will be
quite late in the school life of an infant —
arrives for subjects to be considered at
all by the teacher in arranging the daily
occupations of her pupil-, is jadicioOl and
valuable. Bat in the organization and
arrangement of the work of her classes
the infants' teacher most never lose sight
of Broebel'fl fundamental law of unity
in education. Thifl law, as Mr. Gunn
enunciates it, is of undoubted tenth and
practical value : —
" Education by detached subject* is a
fallacy. Only so far as each part is rela
to every other part is knowledge really
effective in developing the individual as a
whole."
NEW NOVELS.
By
M ias Desmond : an Impression.
Marie Van Vorst. (Heinemann.)
Miss Van Vorst has little that is new to
offer in her story. The hero, a wicked
young Englishman of the sort familiar to
the reader of Ouida, loves, and is loved by,
a young lady from New England, who has
been brought up after the strictest manner
of the Puritans, and knows absolutely
nothing of the world. The pair meet in
Switzerland, where the Puritan is visiting
a decidedlv disreputable niece, who is on
far too friendly terms with the bad young
man. Hardly has he declared his love for
the Puritan before he weakly consents to go
out in a motor-car with the niece. The
car goes over a precipice, and the niece is
badly hurt. Thereupon her mother — who
is another of the discarded flames of the
hero, and even more disreputable than her
daughter — appears on the scene, and
informs him that, inasmuch as he has com-
promised her daughter by falling over a
precipice in her company — a proceeding
which is evidently much more compro-
mising than any other form of impro-
priety— he must marry her. This his
sense of honour, which is preternaturally
acute, compels him to do. The Puritan
returns sadly to New England, and culti-
vates flowers until the niece dies, and the
bad young man crosses the sea to marry
her. Neither the plot nor the characters
are strikingly original. Miss Van Vorst's
grammar is not immaculate, and the
French, with which the conversation of
her worldly women is thickly strewn, is
calculated to give pain to any patriotic
French person who may happen to read
the book. The heroine, however, is clearly
drawn.
The Ford. By A. E. J. Legge. (John
Lane.)
In execution, if riot perhaps in conception,
this novel is decidedly above the average.
Its central theme certainly is one of the
merest commonplaces of fiction, but the
side-issues introduced are treated with a
measure of originality which gives dis-
tinction to the book as a whole. Nearly
all the characters attain a respectable
level and extend over a fairly wide range.
The grey-haired inheritor of an important
property, disillusioned, yet not embittered,
by a previous life of struggling poverty ;
the self-made man of letters ; the East-
End missioner with his " half -professional,
half-angelic smile," and his slangy but
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906
THE ATHENvEUM
43
devoted curate, strike us as especially
sympathetic and interesting figures. The
dialogue is frequently good, and gives
evidence of thoughtfulness and careful
workmanship.
The Bed-Haired Woman : her Autobio-
graphy. By Louise Kenny. (John
Murray.)
Here is a story curiously told rather than
a really curious story. The author writes
with self-confidence, and her descriptions
have some fancy and originality. Occa-
sionally the construction of a sentence
is not absolutely sure. She knows how
to reveal the heart of a man or a
woman, though she is not always happy
in action. It is impossible to accept the
conversation of some children of tender
years as probable, or even possible, but
the book has something in it suggestive of
promise.
A Vendetta in Vanity Fair. By Esther
Miller. (Heinemann.)
Two rivals — fashionable women both —
are the heroines here. The account of
their attempts to " best " one another —
the expression is put into their mouths by
the author — is lively enough, though
rather vulgar reading. But " those who
know " say that it is a vulgar epoch, so one
is not surprised at lack of refinement in
novels.
The Interpreters. By Margaretta Byrde.
(Fisher Unwin.)
An impression of it having begun in the
wrong place strikes the reader of this book.
The impression does not disappear with
the unfolding of the tale. It contains a
good many elements and ideas, spiritual,
moral, and mental, and a most ethereal
invalid beloved of all. There are mining
episodes and disasters (as befits a story
the scenes of which are laid in Wales),
not without effects of realism, though
realism is not always the strong point.
The Colonel's Dream. By Charles W.
Chesnutt. (Constable & Co.)
Regarded merely as a piece of fiction,
' The Colonel's Dream,' which deals with
the colour problem in America, has a
number of defects. The narrative not
infrequently drags, and the character-
drawing is sometimes wanting in clear-
ness. Yet the book, thoughtful, sym-
pathetic, picturesque, is distinctly worth
reading. Col. French, having amassed a
fortune in New York, goes down South to
his native town, where he makes an earnest
effort to improve the condition of the
negro population. He strives to abolish
the debt laws that rob them of liberty ;
but the forces of prejudice are too strong
for him, and he abandons his projects in
despair. The character of the Colonel,
benevolent, manly, energetic, is finely
drawn ; and several of the situations
have real dramatic power. Though the
Colonel's projects end in failure, the note
of the book is not wholly one of despair.
The Cruise of the Conquistador. By G.
Sidney Paternoster. (' The Car Illus-
trated.')
This story is something like a resurrection
or a sequel. Its forbear was a sensational
motoring romance, ' The Motor Pirate.'
That delectable narrative dealt with the
adventures of a land pirate in a motor-
car ; this one unfolds further adventures
of the same truculent hero in an eighty-
foot, gold-coated motor-boat, capable of
something over forty knots an hour at sea.
It is natural that so absorbing a sport
as motoring should develope a litera-
ture of its own, and doubtless the journal
responsible for this particular example has
satisfied itself that such productions are
good for the special trade concerned. The
motorist is apt to be whole-souled in his
devotion to his machine ; and gears, igni-
tion systems, expanding clutches, and the
like, become for him the most fascinating
topics of conversation. This story is
stirring and sensational stuff, well up to
the level of the exciting magazine serial,
and full of ingeniously devised contre-
temps. It is not strong in characteriza-
tion or literary style ; but it has go and
vigour.
A Pretender. By Annie Thomas. (John
Long.)
This story contains a specimen of a
scheming worldling, aged seventeen, born
and brought up in a country vicarage,
from which she springs fully equipped to
meet the exigencies of modern life and
social adventure. She is, in fact, the true
adventuress en herbe. She is much too
replete with physical attraction to bring
peace of mind in her wake. But the
reader is not perhaps so convinced of her
charms or of her snares, or indeed of her
reality, as the men and women who
surround her. Still, there is a good deal
of unpleasant vigour in the author's way
of presenting her. If this sort of girl is
going to be the future heroine of many
novels — and she is not the first of the
genus we have met — what is to become of
one's ideal of true girlhood?
BOOKS FOR STUDENTS.
Under this heading we include books
likely to be useful to teachers, and more
advanced volumes, though some of them
are obviously "school-books" as well.
HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY.
A Text-Book in the History of Education.
By Paul Monroe, Ph.D. (New York, the
MacmiUan Company.) — Within the limits of
some 800 pages this volume is a successful
attempt to present to intending teachers
all that is most important in the history of
education from primitive times onward. We
have tested in detail specimen periods,
both ancient and modern, and found the
treatment just and suggestive. The author
may be said to have realized his aims,
which are to furnish an adcqiiate body of
historical facts, to suggest interpretations
of the facts, to give a flavour of the original
sources, to deal with tendencies rather than
with persons, to show tho connexion between
educational theory and actual school work.
and to suggest relations with present
educational work. Thus the book is admir-
ably suited in scope and aims to the needs
of training colleges and established teachers,
to whom a great service hee been rendered
by the careful selection of really important
movements and persons illustrative of those
movements. We cordially approve of the
following : —
" More is to be gained through very definite
conceptions concerning a comparatively few leaders
than through a mass of more or less unrelated
detail concerning great numbers of those who
from the particular point of view of the text are
comparatively unimportant. "
The book is thoroughly practical, being
divided into well-marked paragraphs and
sections ; and as it aims at being suggestive
rather than exhaustive, it should commend
itself to teachers.
Greece (from the Coming of the Hellenes
to a.d. 14). By E. S. Shuckburgh, Litt.D.
" The Story of the Nations Series." (Fisher
Unwin.) — This volume is the first of two in
this series devoted to the history of Greece,
the second, which is also by Dr. Shuckburgh,
being intended to carry the " story " down
to a.d. 1453. The present book, how-
ever, has a subject with which that of no
other volume can possibly compare ; and
for a short account not only of Greek history,
as we have been accustomed from our
schooldays to understand the phrase, but
also of Greek art, letters, antiquities, and
topography, Dr. Shuckburgh's work is of
outstanding excellence. The illustrations
are numerous, and are of the right things.
The history is unexceptionable, and we may
note that full use is made of recent disco-
veries in Crete as to the pre-Mycenaean age,
and that the final chapter, on the ' Intel-
lectual Life of Greece,' is written with much
freshness and taste. The main outlines of
the familiar story — the Persian invasions,
Athens in the time of Pericles, the Pelopon-
nesian War, the Macedonian supremacy —
are clearly drawn, and considerable detail
is sketched in as well. The author's learn-
ing is successfully devoted to enabling the
reader to obtain a firm grasp of the events
narrated rather than to perplexing him
with discussions.
A History of the Ancient World. By G. S.
Goodspeed, Ph.D., Professor of Ancient
History in the University of Chicago. (Con-
stable & Co.) — No teacher who is really in
earnest can afford to ignore, or consent to
forfeit, the personal relationship which
exists between his pupils and himself : to
him and to them it lends the one touch of
nature which makes the whole world of
learning kin to young intelligence. At the
same time, the wise teacher will welcome a
labour-lightening book of this kind, which
may help him to put his class at once upon
speaking terms with a great subject, but
leaves the inspiration and interpretation of
it to his discretion, and indeed depends
upon him (as the author remarks) for its
usefulness.
The subject is here treated in three broad
divisions. The first is concerned with the
Eastern empires, from earliest Babylonia
and Egypt to Persia : the Becond with the
Greek empires : the third with the empire
of Pome, to the coronation of Charlemagne.
Each division is introduced by a preliminary
survey, and concluded by a general review,
witli suggestions for exercises and private
reading, enlarging into comparative studies
the topics which nave already been treated
in the intervening sections, and read about
or discussed in accordance with detailed
suggestions given at the end of each. At
the end of the book is found a carefully
compiled list of accessible works likely to
1 1
T II i: AT II K\ .K u M
N 1081, Jan. L3, L906
be useful to 1 1 u >^< ■ who, In rs or
student-, desire to pursue the subject further.
The narrative, written quite anpreten
tiously in concise and comprehensive pars
graphs, keeps the main points religious,
political, economic, artistic, intellectual,
domestic free From confusion, and sue..
fully safeguards the continuity of the whole.
Practical utility isassistedbj numerous ci
referenoes, by marginal headings in good,
clear type, and by s full index, which is
accentuated, in order to keep the pronun-
ciation of ancient names correct .
There is an abundant Bupply of maps and
plans : of the former, some are printed in
Btrong contrasts of colour (e.g., the centres
of Mycenasan civilization are indicated in
red. where the rest of the land is white and
the .Korean Sea is hlack), which enable the
eye to form an instantaneous impression of
tin' areas concerned. Unfortunately, the
pleasure of looking at the maps is frequently
marred by inaccurate priirting. The import-
ance of teaching the eye in history, as well
as in geography, is further appreciated in
the seven chronological charts, where similar
DBS is made of colour, and (we are glad to
see) parallels of political with literary and
artistic history are indicated.
Of illustrations there are a couple of
dozen, not put in to make the book more
attractive, but skilfully chosen to represent
(often by suggestive juxtaposition) that
which is typical of the various races and
civilizations, in physiognomy, sculpture,
architecture, and decoration. By a wise
arrangement, these illustrations are ex-
plained in an appendix of their own.
The author is sincerely to be commended
for his effort to present, simply and effect-
ively, the main outlines of ancient history,
and for his evident desire to assist true
teaching in its development of individuality.
We can safely say that his book (in which
there are just 500 pages) does not, like some
historical manuals, pretend to ignore the
magnitude of the subject : rather, by ever
opening up new avenues of study, he incul-
cates in teacher and taught the same modesty
which he undoubtedly feels himself, and
" succeeds in serving the cause of sound
historical learning in high schools and
academies," as he desires to do.
Etudes Economiques sur V Antiquite. Par
Paul Guiraud, Professeur a la Faculte des
Lettres de l'Universite de Paris. (Paris,
Hachette et Cie.) — The economic aspects — or
rather should we say? the economic bases —
of ancient history are not infrequently for-
gotten or neglected by thinkers and writers
who assign to each people and period a
particular scene and part in the drama of
human life. Yet, as M. Guiraud reminds
us in a comprehensive and well-written
introduction, we may generally find in eco-
nomics the coefficient, if not the primary
cause, of most great political developments
in the history of Greece and Rome : thus
Athens was enterprising in commerce and
finance as well as responsive to artistic
influences, and the trade of Rome followed
closely the flag of imperial conquest and
administration : —
"Les GreC8 n'auraient. pas propane dans tout
l'Orient leur langue et lour culture, rile n'avaient
pas eu le genie du commerce, et le.s Romans
n'auraient pas oonqttis le iiiondc s'ils M'avaicnt pas
tHe aprcs au gain." 1'. 2fi.
And the decline in each case was equally
inseparable from economic evolution.
This interdependence of politics and
economics is well worked out in six studies
(all except one reprinted from reviews),
entitled as follows : ' L'Evolution du Travail
en Grece,' ' L'Impot sur le Capital a Athenes,'
' La Population en Grece,' ' L'Tmpot sur le
Capital -win la Republicans Elomaine,1 ' Kio-
to-ire dim Financier Remain,' ' L'lmperial-
isms Romain.' The personality of labour
is thus treated according to ( Ireek examples,
the imperialism of capital according to
I ;. iman.
The underlj ing defect of labour in < Ireeoe,
.is Men m its status under monarchic,
aristocratic, and democratic administration,
is held to have been had organization, which
rendered possible such errors as the social
confusion between free worker- and slaves :
" le travail descendant dun degre dans la
hierarchic sociale chaque fois qu'une ols
nouvelle montait dim degre dans la
hierarchic politique." So at the last
citizenship came to mean little more than
the privilege of idleness. A similar miscon-
ception of the problem of capital at Athens '
led to the alienation of riches from the needs
of the State ; and thus it is not incorrect
to regard the apathy with which Demos-
thenes reproached his countrymen — their
unwillingness to serve in person or in purse
— as resulting largely, even chiefly, from
economic causes.
In the case of Rome the taxation of capital
was occasionally dangerous, but never dis-
astrous : the tributum ex censu was treated
throughout as a purely administrative ex-
pedient, which was rendered less and less
necessary as conquests multiplied and
revenues increased, and was abolished
altogether in 167 B.C., when a reserve fund
was formed out of the proceeds of ^Emilius
Paulus's victory over Macedon.
The sixth chapter, in which the career of
C. Rabirius Postumus is related, is intended
to explain by a typical example the influence
exercised on Mediterranean politics by a
great financier ; and the way is thus pre-
pared for an effective study of Roman
imperialism in its economic aspects. The
conclusion of the matter is summed up in
the following sentences : —
" L' Empire, com me on voit, fut a Rome le fruit
naturel de 1'imperiaJLisme, de meme epie l'im-
perialisme fut la consequence de 1'etat eeonomique
de la societe. Entre tons ces faits il y eut un lien
tellement etroit, qu'etant donne le point de depart,
il semble (pie tout le reste devait suivre." — P. 292.
M. Guiraud has the Frenchman's eye for
main ideas and also skill of exposition ; and
in these studies he has certainly treated,
with a straightforward simplicity as attrac-
tive as it is scholarly, subjects which are
sometimes apt to be spoilt by the excessive
technicality of the mere specialist.
Le Capitole Romain, Antique et Moderne.
By E. Rodocanachi. (Paris, Hachette et
Cie.) — This is a useful book of reference for
information about the Roman citadel itself,
its palaces and museums ; it is conveniently
divided into three sections, dealing severally
with ancient, mediaeval, and modern times.
Authorities are liberally supplied in the
notes, where (as often in French works of
the kind) the printing of Greek and Latin
leaves something to be desired. The illus-
trations are numerous and interesting, but
for quicker reference there should have been
a list of them. And what is a restoration of
the Temple of Jupiter Stator (p. xxxvi) doing
in this Capitoline galley ? The three appen-
dixes contain an historical sketch of the
church of Sta. Maria Aracceli ; the Latin
oration delivered by Petrarch when he was
crowned as a poet ; and the pronouncement
of Pope Benedict XIII. against the " game
of loto," a form of lottery which on one
occasion realized as much as half a million
crowns for Papal charities !
MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE.
On the Traversing of Geometrical Figures,
by J. Cook Wilson (Oxford, Clarendon Press),
is rather a curious book. We suspect that
tin- 'i of utility never i to the
aut hor <it t in- really int< rest ; h ;
and. indeed, it i- difficult even to imagine
any practical application of hi- hes.
But science i- mil ot surprises. These
seemingly useless investigation! in the
bypaths of geometry might conceivably
-t to some observant physicist an
explanation of certain chemical or el< I ■■!
phenomena, a clear comprehension ok which
might eventually lead to important prac-
tical applications. The general problem
which the author -et himseii to investigate
is " to describe or traverse continuously every
hie- of a given figure without going over
any line twice, the describing point being
always kept on a line of the figure till the
whole has been traversed." In by far the
greater number of cases this cannot be don.- ■
and then the problem i- to traverse once the
greatest number of lines possible, if we
take any simple boundary containing the
points A and B, and draw any line, straight
or curved, from a to b, every line can be
traversed in the manner prescribed, pro-
vided we start from a or b, but not other-
wise. If we take a boundary containing
three points, a, b, c, and from a draw lines
to B and c, every line can be traversed once,
provided we start from b or c. But if the
boundary contain four points, a, b, c, d,
with the lines ab and CD, all the lines cannot
be traversed as prescribed : one line at least
will always remain untraversed. This is the
case also in the particular puzzle wliich
appears to have given rise to the author's
investigation. Here the given figure is a
square with its two diagonals, and on each
side of the square is described either a
triangle or a semicircle. The author attacks
the general problem from three different
points of view, and arrives at the same
results from each. The first method is
" analytical " ; the second " constructive " ;
and in the third he applies the principle of
" duality." We have certainly found the
book interesting, and we recommend it to
the curious.
A Course of Practical Mathematics. By
F. M. Saxelby. (Longmans & Co.) — As its
title indicates, the object of this work is not
so much to teach abstract mathematical
reasoning as to show how to apply the
principles and formulae already known to
the practical problems which face the engi-
neer, the land surveyor, &c. But the author
has not by any means neglected theory, and
in this lie has done wisely. Even from the
narrowest utilitarian standpoint, theory
should, as far as possible, go hand in hand
with measurement and verification. With
reference to the analytical methods of diffe-
rentiation in particular, the author says, and
says truly, that
"it too often happens that a student who W'gins
with these acquires merely a fatal facility in
differentiation, regarding it asa mechanical juggling
with symbols, hut having no conception n its
relation to experience."
The course is somewhat extensive, beginning
w -ith logarithms and trigonometry, and end-
ing with some differential equations of applied
physics. Mathematical tables to four figures
are added at the end. We are rather sur-
prised to find that though in these the sines,
cosines, &c, of angles are given, the loga-
rithms of the sines, cosines, fee., are not
supplied. It is true that, since the logarithms
of the so-called " natural numbers " are also
given, the logarithms of the sines. Are., are
not absolutely indispensable, but they con-
siderably abbreviate the calculator's labour
iii the solution of triangles.
Tables and Constants to Four Figures. By
William Hall. (Cambridge, University
Press.) — Very little can be said of these
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906
THE ATHENJEUM
45
tables, except that they are clearly printed
and only occupy sixty pages, preceded by
nine pages of notes and explanations. They
include a Traverse Table, Logarithms, Anti-
logarithms, Log. Sines, &c, Log. Haversines,
Star's Refraction, and some others. In the
compilation of these tables the author has
evidently taken great care to ensure
accuracy.
Outlines of Physiological Chemistry. By
S. P. Beebe, Ph.D., and B. H. Buxton,
M.D. (New York, the Macmillan Company.)
— This little book is an attempt to deal
directly with questions bearing on the theo-
retical side of physiological chemistry, with-
out entering into details as to laboratory
work. The authors, the Physiological Che-
mist to the Huntington Fund for Cancer
Research and the Professor of Experimental
Pathology at the Cornell Medical College,
confine themselves to animal physiology.
Some knowledge of inorganic chemistry is
assumed, and for the book to be of any
educational use some knowledge of organic
chemistry must be possessed. We do not
think that the work is likely to be of use
to any large number of students, although
to seme it may be suggestive. In some
parts too much is taken for granted and it
is too sketchy. The nomenclature does not
always commend itself, especially for use on
this side of the Atlantic ; thus basic sub-
stances are spelt without the final e, as amin,
amid, &c. ; and although we are told
" alcohols are always designated by the
suffix ol,'" yet the word glycerin is used
throughout. Some inexact and misleading
expressions occur ; thus we are told (p. 21)
that, in determining the phosphorus con-
tents of a substance, " the phosphorus is
oxidised to phosphoric acid and precipitated
as insoluble magnesium phosphate and the
amount of P calculated. In the words of
the chemist, it is estimated as PoO.,." On
p. 47 we learn that the carbohydrates " are
normal chains of C atoms containing H and O
in the proportion of water " ; this is hardly
a sufficient definition, On p. 76 an incorrect
formula is supplied for stannous chloride,
leading to a wrong and very misleading
equation. H B O (p. 168) is not a good
symbol for oxyhemoglobin. The chapter
on the proteids is one of the best. In the
last chapter, on disease and immunity, we
have a sketch of Ehrlich's theory of the
action of antitoxins, and here the authors
truly remark : " Ehrlich has been obliged
so to extend and complicate his theory to
meet all the requirements, that it is becom-
ing doubtful if it will stand the strain much
longer." The index is much too scant.
On p. 35 occurs a somewhat quaint expres-
sion : —
" These [hydrocarbons] likewise form long series
of oxidation and substitution products, but the
compounds formed are of little interest to physio-
logical chemists, who do not deal in gases and
miners] oils. "
Elements of Quantitative Analysis. By
G. H. Bailey. (Macmillan.) — In practical
chemistry nothing is so essential as accuracy,
and this can only be secured by adopting
correct methods at the beginning of work in
the science. Those students who follow the
course arranged in the manual under review
cannot fail to lay a good foundation for
future analytical work, and we unreservedly
pronounce this the best book that we have
seen on the subject.
The learner is not here supplied with
tables of diroctions to be followed in various
operations, and left to ascertain for himself
the reasons for the procedure adopted : on
the other hand, the most complete explana-
tion is afforded of every process, from filtra-
tion to the analysis of soaps. The book is
bound to become a favourite with those
engaged in practical chemistry.
PUBLICATIONS FOR SCHOOLS.
ENGLISH AND IKISH.
Lingua Materna. By Richard Wilson.
(Arnold.)— We have found this an excellent
book on the teaching of English in schools,
whether primary or secondary. The author,
who is full of good suggestions as to class-
room methods in grammar, composition, and
literature, rightly claims that the scientific
study of the mother tongue affords a mental
stimulus of a sound and strengthening
character, and is a subject admirably
adapted to the training of the individual
in citizenship. He is also right in laying
great stress on right methods in the pre-
liminary preparation of the child mind to
appreciate true literature. " This work,"
he says, " requires teachers of the highest
quality and attainments, as it is usually
much more difficult in the primary school
than in others ; and such posts ought to
be coveted by the profession, as well as
well paid both in money and in honour."
We commend the book to the teaching pro-
fession, and hope that the day of the special-
ist English teacher may soon come. May
he be a man after the heart of Mr. Wilson !
The Heroes of Asgard, edited by M. R.
Earle, Macaulay 's Essay on Clive, edited
by H. M. Buller, and Macaulay's Essay on
Addison, edited by R. F. Winch, form part
of the " English Literature for Secondary
Schools " series, published by Messrs. Mac-
millan. ' The Heroes of Asgard ' is a collec-
tion of tales from Scandinavian mytho-
logy, and should prove fascinating reading
for those for whom it is intended. The
introduction contains a really excellent and
attractive exposition of the Northern myths,
and there are illustrations, two of which
set out the Norse idea of the universe —
Yggdrasil the World-Ash, Asgard, Midgard,
and Utgard. The notes are not too numer-
ous, and there is a glossary of Old Norse
proper names. — Macaulay's essay on Clive
is furnished with an introduction of some
length, designed to put the student on his
guard against Macaulay's more than occa-
sional bias. Notes, too, are more of a
necessity in this case, and they are suffi-
ciently full, without being overburdened
with information. — The essay on Addison
has a very brief, though adequate intro-
duction, and the notes are generally satis-
factory, though we would point out that the
note on ' The Vicar of Wakefield ' (p. 59,
1. 17) occurs twice over, and Troy (p. 32,
1. 24), if it requires a note at all, demands
something more than " an ancient town of
Phrygia, on the coast of Asia Minor."
Each volume contains a glossary of " Harder
Words," questions, subjects for essays, and
a list of books to aid further study.
We are very glad to see in Messrs. Blackie's
" English School Texts," edited by Dr.
W. H. D. Rouse, Trips to Wonderland : from
Lucian, which means ' The True History.'
' Icaromenippus,' and 'The Cock' in the
animated rendering of Hickes (1634). We
expect the best results from this cheap little
series, if boys will only take to it as they
should.
We have received two further specimens
of the same series, The Taking of
the Galleon and The Retreat of Sir John
Moore. The former is an extract from
'Anson's Voyage round the World,' dear
to boys of a couple of generations ago : the
latter from the more recently published
memoirs of Robert Blakeney. Both are of
absorbing interest, and both will demonstrate
to the youthful mind that truth can on
occasions be at least as exciting as fiction.
Each volume is furnished with a short
but adequate introduction, and the absence
of notes will probably lead to a more careful
and enjoyable study of the narratives.
The little books are attractive in appear-
ance, and form a welcome addition to this
excellent series.
We have received Book IV. of Macmillan' s
New Globe Readers. It contains a taste of
Norse mythology, and extracts from Frois-
sart, Cervantes, Blackmore, and Tennyson,
to say nothing of Kingsley, Longfellow,
Christina Rossetti, Jules Verne, Ballantyne,
and many others, each selection being pre-
faced, generally, by a very brief notice of
its author or origin. A fair proportion of
the pieces included are suitable for recitation,
and in addition to these extracts, the aim
of which is presumably the encouragement
of a taste for literature, there are others
designed to instruct — notably a description
of the dragon-fly, and a short but extremely
interesting account of " submarines." The
harder'words are explained at the end, in a
vocabulary which is in the main satisfactory,
though, assuming that " empire " is a
" harder word," we should have thought
it scarcely simplified by the explanation
" rule, dominion." The notes are suffi-
ciently elementary and unobtrusive, and
the illustrations are adequate. Altogether
the Reader should serve its purpose admir-
ably.
A First Irish Grammar, The Grammar
of Spoken Irish, Aids to the Pronunciation
of Irish, Modern Geography, and the Irish
History Reader, are productions of the
Christian Brothers, published by Messrs.
Gill & Son, of Dublin. They may be taken
as fresh evidence of the vitality of the Irish
renascence, and, naturally enough, they
make Ireland and the Catholic religion the
centres of all things. Considered from this
standpoint, they are temperately written.
FRENCH.
French by the Direct Method. By T.
Cartwright. (T. C. & E. C. Jack.)— We
have before us the third part of this excellent
adaptation of the well-known German work
of Rossmann and Schmidt, whose chief aim
is to give in the minimum of time a practical
knowledge of the language, by insisting on
the main principles, and relegating irregu-
larities and grammatical subtleties to a later
period. In the part before us the exercises
are specially designed to illustrate the uses
of the past participle, the subjunctive, and
the infinitive. The fact that 1 50, 000 copies
of the original work have been sold in Ger-
many, where it has been selected by the
Board of Education, speaks for itself. The
first two parts have been adopted in so
many of our higher schools that their suc-
cessor is sure of a good trial.
The Reader, by H. Vivier, which is pub-
lished as a companion to the series, supplies
in easy French the outlines of the history,
literature, and geography of France, to-
gether with a few interesting chapters
portraying modern life in that country.
Les Carartcrcs ; ou, LeS Mteurs </<' ce
Steele. (Macmillan.) — The unique work of
La Bruvere is so well known to students of
French literature of the seventeenth century
that this selection, edited by M . Eugene
I'ellissier. and forming the first volume of
" Biepmann's Classical French Texts," should
be cordially received both by teachers and
taught. Le1 us quote the --pinion of M.
in
Til E AT J I EN T;r M
N 1081, Jan. 13. 1!"";
\ ail< r\ Radol <»n tins 1 1 tun' in author's
u . .ik : —
"Voulas-voua fain un Lnventaire dea riohesaea
de notre langue, en TOules-voua oonnattre toua lea
toon, toua lea mouvementa, toutea Lee figures,
tmu . pas ii"i- .mi' de
reoourir & cent volumes; liaez, reuse* La Bruyere."
It is not merely on aocount of the unrivalled
literary talent of tin- great writer that we
urlrnnii' the present adaptation of liis classic;
for the minuteness of detail w itli which he, as
a true artist, portrayed the men and women
of liis hl'i'. and the very satire which roused
BO much hostility among liis contemporaries,
make bis work exceptionally attractive.
The present edition is supplied with
useful notes, and appendixes contain-
ing excellent material for translation into
idiomatic French.
Jean Sbogar. By Charles Nodier, edited
by D. L. Savory. — Histoire d'un Homme du
Peuple. By Erckmann-Chatrian, edited by
R. E. A. Chessex. (Oxford, Clarendon
Press.) — These books are favourable speci-
mens of the " Oxford Modern Frencli Series,"
edited by M. Leon Delbos, whose ' General
Preface ' is a sound exposition of sensible
views. The annotation is brief, but satis-
factory ; and we are pleased to see, at the
end of each volume, a ' Bibliography ' of the
writings of the authors chosen. In the
hands of a capable teacher this series ought
to do very well.
Exercices de Grammaire Francaise. By
J. G. Anderson. (Methuen.) — The compiler
of these exercises is so well known both
as a successful teacher and as an exacting
examiner that his publication awakens
more than ordinary interest. Mr. Anderson,
even in an examination paper on Frencli
grammar, must be original, and the same cha-
racteristic pervades the book imder review.
In conjunction with a good grammar the
little volume will be of great service to most
classes in schools, as the exercises pass by
easy gradations from simple accidence to
the difficulties of syntax and punctuation.
We think that the inclusion of translation
from English into French would have been
an improvement, and would have led to a
more general adoption of the book.
Ma Premiere Visite a Paris : being an
Illustrated French Beading-Book for Begin-
ners. Par A. E. C. (Oxford, Clarendon
Press.) — As a chronicle of a child's impres-
sions of Paris, expressed in thoroughly
modern French, this book is well enough
calculated to serve its purpose, though
scarcely, we think, for literal " beginners,"
who, in spite of the copious vocabularies
supplied, will sometimes find the language
rather beyond their powers of translation.
The excellence of the type deserves special
praise.
GERMAN.
A Practical German Grammar, Beader,
and Writer : Part I. Elementary, by Louis
Lubovius (Blackwood & Sons), aims at
supplying the beginner with all the material
necessary for acquiring a sound working
knowledge of the spoken and written idiom ;
and the method employed for this end seems
to us on the whole distinctly judicious. We
have now indifferently reformed the purely
grammatical system formerly current in our
schools, but whether we should reform it
altogether, as certain partisans of the new
movement uphold, is still open to doubt.
Mr. Lubovius, at any rate, has not found the
two systems wholly incompatible, and the
present handbook is really a compromise
between them. Of its two distinctive
features — that " German is as much as
possible taught through German," and that
' only the normal and most necessary
grammatical form- are dealt with system-
atically"- most people nowadays will
thoroughly approve. The simplification of
the grammar has been well done, and the
whole volume i- evidently the work of one
who has had much practical experience m
teaching.
.1 Grammar of tin German Language,
designed for a Thorough ami Practical Study
of tin Language a.s spoken and written Today.
By George (). Curme. (New York, the
.Macmillan Company.) — The student of a
foreign language) even though be may be
well advanced, will often find that in tin-
matter of grammar a treatise written in his
own tongue is more convenient and helpful
than any other. So far as German is con-
cerned, however, we have hitherto not been
too well provided for in this country. There
are, no doubt, three or four good German
grammars by English or American authors ;
but they are all to a certain extent ele-
mentary, or at least restricted, in character,
and in the absence of a really comprehensive
book on the subject the student or teacher
has had to apply to some such work as that
of Blatz. The present volume thus supplies
a real want, and supplies it very adequately,
for Mr. Curme has spared no pains in the
execution of a most laborious task. He has
not contented himself with merely presenting
in English form the standard views of
German scholars and grammarians, but has
also treated his subject to some extent from
an independent standpoint, for even in
grammar it is possible to be original now
and then. As the title indicates, the scope
of the book is confined to the New High
German period, the historical side of German
grammar being only incidentally dealt with,
but within these limits the treatment is very
full. The great mass of material necessary
for the compilation of such a work has
been well arranged, and illustrative quota-
tions are lavishly provided. The latter are
chosen from an exceptionally wide range
of modern authors, and illustrate the col-
loquial usages, as distinguished from the
" correct " language of the classical litera-
ture, far more thoroughly than any other
English work with which we are acquainted.
This is an excellent feature, especially in
these days, when literature affects the lan-
guage of common life so largely. Altogether
the book is one of real merit, and a copious
index completes its value as a work of
reference.
The Essentials of German Grammar, by
Alvan Emile Duerr (Ginn & Co.), is by no
means the worst attempt we have seen to
provide in a moderate compass all the gram-
mar necessary for pupils in secondary schools.
The omissions have been made with discre-
tion, though personally we think they
might have been even larger. However,
on that point, as Mr. Duerr says, no two
opinions are alike, and of course every
teacher has it in his power to amplify or
curtail according to his own judgment.
Certainly the little book is intelligently
arranged, and will give any scholar who
works through it conscientiously as much
grammatical knowledge as he is likely to
need. It seems, we may add, better
adapted for school use than for private study.
LATIN.
Arnold's Latin Texts : Vergil, Selections
from the Georgics, edited by J. C. Stobart ;
Vergil, Select Eclogues, edited by the same ;
Caesar in Britain, edited by J. F. Dobson ;
Cicero, Pro Archia, edited by Margaret
Brock. — This series (of which the general
editor, Mr. A. E. Bernays, is a competent
scholar) supplies short texts for lower forms,
sufficient to provide one term's work. Each
Text has a vocabulary. We should much
pn :■ uid, to
notes and no vocabulary, for we think b
should use then- dictionaries ua early as
Eible, and thus unconsciously gain □
nowledge of word and idiom than n every-
thing were ready for their hand. Looking out
"res" for instance, they may see that it
means more things than the little ' Vocabu-
lary ' to the ' Pro Archia ' indicate*. Apart
from the featun oentioned, the little
books seem likely to \n dly popular,
as they are very cheap. The mtroducti
are brief and to the point, though occasion-
ally they might have been couched in
simpler Ian: Vergil admittedly imi-
tates Theocritus." For small boys the
adverb is needless. To talk of " the purpurei
panni" in the ' Georgie- is to suppose a
knowledge of the ' Ars Poetica ' which isJ
absurd. Miss Brock also uses rather ela-
borate phrases at times. Perhaps the
average boy is cleverer than he used to be,
and will appreciate adult phraseology ; but
a considerable experience of school-books
leads us rather to believe that young scholars
fresh from fine degrees have no great experi-
ence in teaching lower forms, and conse-
quently do not realize that the small boy's
knowledge of English is very different from
that of the undergraduate.
MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE.
Arithmetic for Schools and Colleges. By
J. Alison and J. B. Clark. (Edinburgh,
Oliver & Boyd.) — Notwithstanding the large
number of books on this subject that have
recently appeared, the compilers of the
volume under review are to be congratu-
lated on having made a valuable addition
to the list. The theory of arithmetic has
here received far more attention than is
usually given to it, a fact which will render
the book most serviceable for students who
have the teaching profession in view.
Following the modern trend of mathe-
matical thought, the authors have not
hesitated to introduce algebraical symbols
where the employment of these conduces
to simplicity of explanation. By an
early application of logarithms — for ex-
ample, to solutions of problems on com-
pound interest — the student learns to avoid
much loss both of time and of temper.
j With special pleasure we note the excellence
of the chapters which consider the com-
mercial applications of arithmetic, for on
every page they reveal the work of an expert
in the subjects dealt with. Foreign money
and exchanges are explained with a thorough-
ness and clearness not to be found in any
similar work, while the mensuration given
is sufficient for all practical purposes. A
collection of miscellaneous examples of
increasing difficulty forms a suitable ending
to a most useful book, rendered all the
more acceptable by its systematic arrange-
ment and the employment of various kinds
of type.
A New Trigonometry for Beginners. By
R. F. D'Arcy. (Methuen.) — In compiling
this little book for the use of those pupils
who possess only a rudimentary know-
ledge of geometry, the author has had in
view the requirements of candidates for the
Cambridge Previous. For such as attack the
subject for no other purpose than passing
so easy an examination the book may provide
the means of attaining the end desired. We
cannot, however, commend it to those who
intend to take up trigonometry with the
intention of mastering the subject, the author
having omitted many points which are
essential in laying a good foundation for
subsequent work ; we refer to the circular
measure of angles, the thorough explanation
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
47
of logarithms and their use, and the complete
investigation of solutions of triangles. The
only other point that calls for comment
is the want of clearness in the letters and
figures in many of the diagrams, which are
in some cases irritatingly small and indis-
tinct.
Elementary Chemistry : Progressive Lessons
in Experiment and Theory. Part I. By
F. R. L. Wilson and G. W. Hedley. (Oxford,
Clarendon Press.) — We can congratulate the
boys at Charterhouse and at Cheltenham
College on having as science masters the
authors of this laboratory book. The aim
of the authors has been the cultivation in
the minds of the boys of a scientific habit,
through the medium of chemistry, rather
than the mere acquisition of the facts of
the science. Greater elasticity in the sylla-
buses of most examining bodies has rendered
it possible to strive seriously after the
achievement of this aim. The requirements
include the careful performance of experi-
ments, the correct observation of results,
means of inducing thought about the work
and its results, and opportunity for applying
original thought to the solution of problems.
The plan of this book seems eminently suited
to help cowards these ends, and we under-
stand it has been tested and found successful
at the public schools mentioned. Only one
small objection, and that really a commenda-
tion in disguise, might be made, and that is as
to the title of the book : it does not contain
any chemistry. Probably Parts II. and III.
will. This part deals with some elementary
mensuration and physics, an acquaintance
with which is necessary for a proper study
of chemistry. We find clear instructions as
to experiments on the measurement of
length, area, and volume, such familiar
objects as a halfpenny and a penny being
introduced ; on the construction of simple
apparatus, with simple glass working ; on
simple effects of heat, and on thermometers ;
on the chemical balance ; on the measure-
ment of density ; on solutions ; on crystal-
lization ; on some properties of air and
liquids ; and on the identification of sub-
stances by their physical properties.
The boy who does with care even a frac-
tion of the experiments here set forth, and
works the problems set, will be well fitted
to go on with the study of science, whether
of chemistry or physics, and will be in a
better position to deal with everyday pheno-
mena in an intelligent manner. Science
masters in general will find this introduction
to practical science teaching very helpful,
and we look forward with interest to the
publication of Parts II. and III.
GEOGRAPHY AND MAPS.
An Introduction to Practical Geography.
By A. T. Simmons and H. Richardson.
(Macmillan.) — Every teacher of geography
will admit that the usual answer given by
a boy, when asked why he does not take
kindly to this subject, is that it is so uninter-
esting. Is not this a sufficient condemna-
tion of the crude methods employed in
teaching it ? The authors of the work
before us have clearly demonstrated that,
with a well-regulated practical course, a
large store of geographical knowledge may
be imparted in a manner most interesting
to boys. Particularly useful will be found
the numerous data and meteorological
statistics given for advanced scholars,
while the sections dealing with the physics
and chemistry of geography will be welcome.
We commend this excellent book to the
attention of school authorities, but fear that
the amount of time demanded by so much
practical work will be an obstacle to its
general adoption.
The World and its People. Geography
Readers. 2 vols. (Nelson & Sons.) — Those
who are familiar with standard geographical
works will have little difficulty in identify-
ing the different quarries in which the un-
named authors of the present series of readers
have mined very freely, though with a vary-
ing degree of success. Here and there the
lack of any real geographical training
comes out clearly. Thus we read that
in the temperate lands there is only one
harvest a year, and that as a remote con-
sequence of this the inhabitants " unite into
clans, tribes, and states," a grotesque mis-
application of the methods of anthropo-
geography which might well bring that
young and struggling subject into disre-
pute with teachers. Nor would any trained
geographer have written that " the Barren
Lands in the north of North America pro-
duce nothing but lichens and mosses, while
the corresponding parts of South America
contain great grassy plains, and some of the
densest tropical forests in the world." Those
parts of the books, however, which needed
merely the putting of accessible information
into a fresh form are well done, and the
coloured illustrations are in many cases very
pretty.
Our Island's Story. By C. F. Hayward.
(T. C. & E. C. Jack.)— No efforts have been
spared to render this little volume a favour-
ite with young pupils, the leading incidents
in our annals being described in the simplest
of language, and special attention being paid
to cause and effect.
Excellent illustrations are supplied to
assist in gaining clear ideas of the more
important persons and events ; the only
objection we raise is that the rich colouring
of some of the plates may give a very false
impression of the conditions of life in the
early periods of our history. Apart from
this the book is attractive, being printed in
clear type on good paper.
Philips' Comparative Series of Large
School Maps: British Isles (Scale 1 : 750,000);
Asia (Scale 1 : 6,000,000) ; South America
(Scale 1 : 6,000,000) ; World (Scale at
Equator 1 : 21,000,000).— These maps have
a superficial resemblance to one of the best
series of German wall-maps, but a closer
examination shows that in construction
and in the selection of data they are not
copied from this source, but are indepen-
dent works, though no doubt inspired by
it. The resemblance is mainly in the
use of an analogous scheme and tone of
colour. The deep and shallow seas are
dark and light blue respectively ; the low-
lands, under 600 feet, are green ; the high-
lands, over 3,000 feet, are dark brown ; and
intermediate lands are two shades of brown.
The employment of green and brown for
different elevations, though now common,
is open to some objections. The abrupt
transition from green to brown is apt to
raise very curious notions in children's
minds. Much better effects are undoubtedly
obtained by using a gamut from a white or
light yellow to a dark brown, such as that
which was formerly used on German wall-
maps. Accepting the colour-scheme, we
consider that a distinction should have been
made between land under and over 6,000
feet. Then the great areas of Tibet and
Bolivia, and the line of the loftiest ranges,
would stand out more clearly. It is
true, by the use of hill - shading, which
is very properly adopted in addition to
colours between contour lines, this is almost
neutralized in the case of mountain chains,
but not in the case of the vast plateaus.
The choice of features to be emphasized and
of names to bo inserted is on the whole good.
Too much is made of the higher ground
between the Ganges and Indus basins ; too
little of some of the heights in England
which are just over 600 feet, the colouring
of which would have made the features of
the country more evident.
Among the good points of the series are
the small-scale politically coloured maps,
quite sufficient for ordinary school purposes ;
the sections across the continents or coun-
tries ; and the small inset of England and
Wales on the same scale as the large map,
where that area does not otherwise appear
on the map.
The world sheet deserves special mention,
and on the whole is the best wall-map of
the world we know. The oval map on
Mollweide's projection occupies the greater
part of the sheet ; the Old and New World
hemispheres are shown on Lambert's pro-
jection ; the British and United States
territories on a Mercator map ; and north
and south polar maps, on rather a small
scale, are in the upper corners. If the
hemispheres had been coloured to show
vegetation as well as ocean currents, it
would have added to the value of the map.
In some other minor points the series
might be amended. The projection used
should be stated on other than the world
maps, and each map should be dated.
Taken altogether, this is the best and
most reasonably priced series of maps
issued in this country ; and their cost
might be considerably reduced, without
lessening their usefulness, if the publishers
would issue them unvarnished, but mounted
and dissected so as to fold into six or nine,
as is done in the case of most German wall-
maps.
The Historical and Modern Atlas of the
British Empire, by C. Grant Robertson and
J. G. Bartholomew (Methuen & Co.), will be
of great value to those concerned with tliL
study of the history of the Empire. The
maps appear, upon the whole, admirably
adapted for their purpose ; and, in combining
information as to physical features and pro-
ducts with political boundaries, the authors
are doubtless on the right track. Such work
exposes itself, of course, to criticism of de-
tails. The rough-and-ready methods of the
map-maker lend themselves with difficulty
to the confusion resulting from the existence
of rival claims to the same territories. No
attempt is here made to mark such rival
claims, and the result is often very unsatis-
factory : e.g., in the map of British North
America in 1841 the boundary between the
British possessions and the Lhiited States is
calmly placed as it was settled five years
later, in 1846. The map does not even mark
the significant name " Oregon "; and New
Caledonia exhibits definite boundaries,
though at the time it was only the resort of
the fur traders, and cannot be claimed as a
British colony till the foundation of British
Columbia at a later date. We think it mis-
leading, considering the vague knowledgo of
the time and the claims of the Hudson's
Bay Company, to draw a distinct line of
boundary between the Hudson's Bay Terri-
tory and the North-West Territory. On the
map it appears as if the Red River Settle-
ment (which, by the way, is not marked)
belonged to the North-West Territory, as
opposed to Rupert's Land or the Hudson's
Bay Territory ; but in fact the grant to
Selkirk was, of course, from the Hudson's
Bay Company, and his interests were bought
back by them in 1834. The maps of British
North America in 1791 and 1841 convey a
very false idea of what really happened.
The student would infer a great western
development, which did not really take
place. The dates 1791 and 1841 are significant
on account of the Constitutional Act. which
L8
'I'll E A Til EN .KIWI
N W81, Jan. i:{, 1906
founded the two ( 'nimdns, and of the
subsequent union: hut they have little
geographical significance. It would have
been better to give a map of Canada under
the Quebec Act, to compare with ite boun-
daries under the 1783 settlement. Again,
the value of the map of the North American
colonies, 1756-63, is seriously diminished by
the absence of any suggestion of rival claims.
It is surely wrong to place the date 1628 by
North Carolina ; it is true that there was an
abortive grant of that date, but North
Carolina, a-s a British colony, belongs to the
grant of 1083 to Ashlev and his associates.
The maps of India in 1707, 1765, 18.05, and
1858 are especially useful, as illustrating the
political history ; and, in spite of small
omissions and mistakes, the atlas thoroughly
deserves a wide popularity.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
In reviewing last week Mr. Winston
Churchill's life of his father we mentioned
the composition of "the Fourth Party,"
and stated that the account given was based
upon the articles by Mr. Harold Gorst in
The Nineteenth Century. This gentleman
now publishes through Messrs. Smith &
Elder a volume entitled The Fourth Party.
He points out that " the original material
on which this more comprehensive account of
the Fourth Party has been founded was
contributed to The Nineteenth Century
Review in the form of articles." Mr. Gorst,
as we have already said on two occasions,
makes his father's " Party " consist of " the
four belligerent Tories " who, according to
him, formed " a definite political compact."
In another passage he alludes to them as
fcsing " inspired by a definite policy." This
view we have contradicted, and continue to
oppose, in the interests of historical veracity,
and we do not find it necessary to go beyond
the pages of Mr. Harold Gorst himself to
prove our case. Even when he is writing
of 1880, the one session in which Mr. Balfour
acted with the three members, among
whom for five years he sat, Mr Gorst quotes
with approval Mr. Lucy's happy phrase
describing Mr. Balfour as " the odd man of
the Fourth Party." Mr. Gorst rightly says
that the present Conservative leader " always
thought it impolitic to give any handle to
the supposition that the Conservative party
was a house divided against itself," a " con-
viction " which had a " dampening effect."
The others " were perfectly well aware of
his views on the subject of the Fourth Party."
His attitude " was certainly not " that " gene-
rally adopted by the famous group below
the gangway." It was in the session of
1880 that Mr. Balfour, if ever, can be said
to have belonged to Lord Randolph's
party, yet it is of that very session that
Mr. Gorst writes : " Mr. Balfour had not
yet fully imbibed the democratic principles
which were to be " their " guiding star."
Mr. Gorst reaches his ninth chapter before
he admits " the first quarrel." Yet even
this began in 1880, " at the close of the
session." Immediately after Christmas
" the quarrel developed into a serious one
— . . there were no more dinners, or minia-
ture Cabinet councils." When, later, Lord
Randolph reconstituted his little combina-
tion, Mr. Balfour cannot be said to have
acted with him. The quarrel had concerned
at one time Ireland, at another democracy.
When closure became the leading Parlia-
mentary subject, Mr. Gorst states that " the
Fourth Party attacked " the Tory leaders.
" Three of its members— the fourth disagreed
— drew up a comprehensive indictment. . . .
Mr. Balfour, the member of the Fourth
Party who had disagreed with the policy
adopted by his colleagues," fought them
publicly. "They were also not altogether
unanimous on the subject of Sir s. worth-
cote's personal merits. ... with .Mr. Balfour
a different motive was in operation." Yet
"the four colleagues— or at least three of
them — continued to act together with un-
abated vigour." In the session of L883 " it
neither suited Mr. Balfour, nor could he
have been expected, to act with Lord Ran-
dolph and the Fourth Party in the new
circumstances that had arisen .... .Mr. Bal-
four gradually dissociated himself from his
colleagues," and sometimes "opposed them
actively." In the session of 1884 Mr. Gorst
names " the Fourth Partv — now consisting
of Lord R. Churchill, Sir H. Wolff," and the
author's father ; nevertheless Mr. Balfour
" continued to sit " between or among them.
In the great struggle called " the final
victory " over the official ring " Mr. Balfour
canvassed actively in the interests of the
official candidate " against Lord Randolph,
who beat him. Thus the Fourth Party
"achieved final victory in their struggle
with the Conservative leaders for influence
and power," and " gained the objects for
which it had fought." We prove our case
from the mouth of Mr. Gorst himself.
Messrs. Methtjex & Co. publish an
excellent Port Arthur volume under the
title The Great Siege, by Mr. B. W. Norre-
gaard. It is a pity, indeed, that so good a
book comes late among the volumes upon
the subject, and follows, after a long gap,
the almost simultaneous publication of three
works dealing with the same topics which
we reviewed at length. Almost the only
point upon which we are disposed to question
the conclusions to which our author has come
concerns the Japanese cavalry : he has that
low opinion of them which was universal
before the war, but does not attempt to
meet the arguments which have been based
by other writers upon their success against
both Russian regular cavalry and Cossacks.
Mb. Goldwin Smith publishes through
Messrs. T. C. & E. C. Jack Irish History
and the Irish Question, in regard to which
little fault can be found with his " attempt
to trace the general course of the history,"
until, indeed, we come to 1885. Gladstone's
action is made to appear more sudden than
it was by the words " turned round and
coalesced with Parnell." It is not possible
to treat 1885 and 1886 historically without
an explanation of the Randolph Churchill
and the Carnarvon episodes, to which we
alluded in our review of Mr. Churchill's
volumes. While, however, Mr. Goldwin
Smith writes rather as a Unionist politician
than as an historian at this one point, he
will be thought by Unionists to travel
dangerously far in the Home Rule direction
in his last pages. He suggests, by way of
" devolution " and " local self-government,"
that the Irish members should " sit annually
at Dublin," and seems to share Lord Dun-
raven's view.
The Tennysonian will be eager to read
once more In Memoriam, "annotated by
the author," which appears beautifully
printed in the familiar green covers (Mac-
millan). It is true that a good deal of the
right meaning of the poem has by now
penetrated even the brainpan of stubborn
commentators, but it is well to have
assurance made doubly sure by the poet's
own testimony, carefully presented by Lord
Tennyson, and to have allusions which no
one could settle fixed once for all. Some
of the matter printed here has appeared in
the ' Memoir,' or in sources less accessible ;
in other points, especially the classical
references, explanations have already been
Overdone. But here, at any rate, at the end
of the right text is gathered, without fuss or
verbosity, the essential commentary. It
opens with views of the poem by (Madstone,
Henry Bidgwick, and Westcott, and includes
some interesting testimony concerning
; Tennyson's views of religion. We do not
. by the by, the remark he made to Mr.
Knowles, recorded, we think, in Tfie Nine-
teenth Century (January, 1803), that " In
Memoriam ' is more hopeful than I am."
This, of course, may have been true of his
mood of the moment, though not of his
belief as a whole.
To pass to details, the " stepping-stones "
of i. refer to Goethe. The " plane of molten
glass " in xv. is a calm sea. The " forgotten
fields " of xli. still remain obscure, though
the late Sir Richard Jebb is quoted as
giving an explanation which is, we may add,
shared by Prof. A. C. Bradley. Lxiv. — on
the man " Who breaks his birth's invidious
bar " — was written, we learn, when Tenny-
son was walking up and down the Strand
and Fleet Street ; while the beauties of
lxxxvi. were those of Barmouth. Prof.
George Darwin bears tribute to the accuracy
of the expression " The stillness of the
central sea " in exxiii. A few references
are given to earlier poets, but this kind of
note could have been largely increased.
Thus we can hardly dissociate
Let darkness keep her raven gloss
from Milton's
Smoothing the raven down
Of darkness till it sniil'd (' t'onius.' 251).
But Tennyson's well-known sensitiveness on
the subject of such correspondences may
well have reduced the record of them here,
and he was certainly right in complaining
that such parallelisms were overdone.
After all, " appropriate things are meant to
be appropriated," and it could not be said
of our great stylist, as it was of an un-
fortunate minor poet, that he touched
nothing which he did not deform.
Mr. Stttro's translation of Maeterlinck's
essays The Treasure of the Humble has been
reprinted by Mr. Arthur L. Humphreys in
the " Belles-Lettres " section of " The Royal
Library," which means, to put it briefly,
that we have an exquisite book in a form
worthy of its contents. All book-lovers
must rejoice in the care and taste that go
to the making of " The Royal Library,"
which is beautiful, yet in no way pre-
tentious. On Mr. Sutro's version we wrote
at length in 1897, when it first appeared.
It is sufficient to say here that we regarded
the book as " in some respects one of the
most important, as it is certainly the most
purely beautiful," of Maeterlinck's works.
We hope it will fall into many hands in
this delightful form. Not the least of the
merits of " The Royal Library " is that it
is light in hand. We sometimes doubt if
the ordinary large editions de luxe, in spite
of their advantages, can ever be read with
comfort, unless one has a " literary
machine " instead of a hand to hold them,
and that is a luxury beyond most of us.
The anthology of The Hundred Best Latin
Poems {Lyrical), selected by Mr. J/W.Mackail
(Glasgow, Gowans & Gray ; London, Brim-
ley Johnson), should be a delight to every
cultivated man. It costs only sixpence in
paper, and it might be used with great
advantage in the higher forms of schools,
as it includes poems like the ' Pervigilium
Veneris,' which are unknown, we dare say,
to many classical masters. Mr. Mackail has
a rare gift of taste, and prints, besides much
of Horace and Catullus, a piece each from
Claudian, Pentadius, Petronius, Prudentius,
and Statius, while there are five selections
each from Seneca and Boethius.
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906
THE ATHEXJEl'M
49
We are pleased to see a new edition of
Hugh Miller's My Schools and Schoolmasters
(Edinburgh, G. A. Morton), a story of the
fifties, which will well bear re-reading, being
full of interesting characteristics of Scottish
life and manners, told in straightforward,
racy fashion. The introduction suffieiently
indicates Miller's merits and defects. He has
passed away as an influence, but this record
of his life will always, we think, retain a
delectable freshness.
We have received The Schoolmasters
Yearbook and Directory for 1906 (Sonnen-
schein). This is the fourth annual issue of a
useful educational guide. ' The Directory of
Schoolmasters ' and ' List of Secondary
Schools,' are full, and generally accurate in
detail ; they fail, however, to include some
important private schools and their masters,
e.g., Mr. A. H. Evans's at Horris Hill, New-
bury. We are pleased with the ' Biblio-
graphy of Educational Books,' which shows
judgment. The review of the year is again
ably done, and the book keeps up the record
of the increasing number of educational
associations.
Mr. John Long has added to his capital
" Library of Modern Classics " Tom Brown's
Schooldays and A Tale of Two Cities. The
illustrations and introduction to the former
are good ; but we find nothing about the
date of Dickens's story or its sources, and
the pictures here have a hazy effect which
is not pleasing.
The January number of The Dublin Review,
under Mr. Wilfrid Ward's editorship, reaches
a high level of interest, and should be wel-
come to all cultivated people. Dr. Gasquet
writes on his experiences in America ; Mrs.
Meynell has a poem. ' Manning and Glad-
stone ' is an interesting article on a new life of
the former now in the press. There is a long
article on 'St. Thomas Aquinas and Medie-
val Thought.' Prof. J. S. Phillimore writes
on ' The Greek Anthology ' in a fantastic
style which spoils his scholarship.
We have on our table The Origin of Wor-
ship, by Rafael Karsten (Wasa, F. W.
Unggren), — Should Clergymen Criticise the
Bible ? by the Bishop of Ossory and others
(Nisbet), — The Russo-Turkish War, 1877, by
Major F. Maurice (Sonnenschein), — Bio-
graphic Clinics, Vol. III., by G. M. Gould
(Rebman), — Life and Letters of John Colling-
wood Bruce, by Sir G. Bruce (Blackwood), —
On Centenarians, by T. E. Young (C. & E.
Layton), —Trial of the City of Glasgow Bank
Directors, edited by W. Wallace (Sweet &
Maxwell), — The Passing of the Precentor, by
D. Fraser (Bagster), — A Practical Guide to
the Death Duties and Death Duty Accounts,
by C. Beatty (Effingham Wilson), — Hints on
Building a Church, by H. P. Maskell
('Church Bells' Office), — British Imperialism,
by Baron F. von Oppenheimer, translated
by D. Hayman (Owen), — The Teaching of
Modern Languages, by C. Brereton (Blackie),
— Fragments Relating to Barton-on-H umber,
by T. Tombleson (Barton-on-Humber, Ball),
— Via Crucis, by W. Hall (Routledge), — A
Harvest of Idleness, by Agnes R. Howell
(Norwich, Goose), — Stvdies in Browning, by
Susan Cunnineton (Sonnenschein), — Poems
of Love, by G. K. A. Bell (Routledge),—
Love's Metamorphosis, by T. Folliott (Fifield),
— The Three Resurrections and the Triumph
of Maeve, by Eva Gore-Booth (Longmans),
The Faithless Favourite, by E. Sauter (St.
Louis, At the Sign of the Leech), — Leaves of
Holly, by F. Gurney (Elkin Mathews), —
Midsummer Eve, by G. Bottom ley (Harting,
Petersfield, Guthrie),— The Well of the Saints,
by J. M. Synge (Bullen), — To Modern
Maidens, by a Modern Matron (Simpkin &
Marshall), — Rob Lindsay and his School, by
One of his Old Pupils (Bagster), — A Sicilian
Marriage, by D. Sladen (White), — and
Abrege du Journal du Marquis de Dangeau,
edited by E. Pilastre (Paris, Firmin-Didot).
Vol
III.,
A. Lane,
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Theology.
Baptist Handbook, 1906, 2 6 net.
Bible (H. W.), Tides of Thought. 4
Carmichael (F. V. ), Sermons on Different Subjects, 2 ti net.
Congregational Year-Book, 1906, 2 0
Pastor's Diary and Clerical Record, 1906, 2 ti net.
Peabody (F. G.), Jesus Christ and the Christian Character,
6 8 net.
Stapleton (Mrs. B.). A History of the Post-Reformation
Catholic Missions in Oxfordshire, 10/6 net.
La it:
Alford (C. J.), Mining Law of the British Empire, 8 ti net.
Briggs (W.), The Law of International Copyright, Id
(Joddard (Mgr.), Manual of Ecclesiastical Law and Prac-
tice. 1 0 net.
Fine Art and Archirolngy.
Ishain (S.), The History of American Painting, 21 net.
Stephens (H. H.), Black-Board and Free-Ann Drawing,
4 (i net.
Poetry and the Drama.
Beglev (Rev. Y\\), Bacon's Nova Resuscitatio,
5/ net.
Burns (R.), Selected Poems, Introduction by
1 (i net.
Debenham (M. H.), Dialogues, Duologues, and Monologues,
1 6
Fitch (Clyde), The Girl with the Green Eyes, :i net.
Madonna of the Poets, gathered by A. Bartle. 2 (i net.
Piatt (I. H.), Bacon Cryptograms in Shakespeare, and other
Studies, .V net.
St. John (C), Henry Irving, 1/net.
Music.
Bison's Music Dictionary, by L C. Bison.
Hathawav (J. \V. G.), How Sweet the Moonlight sleeps upon
this Bank ! 1/
Tarnowski (Count S.), Chopin as revealed by Extracts from
his Diary, 2 6 net.
Bibliography.
Franklin (Benjamin), List of Papers in the Library of
Congress.
Philosophy.
Hbffding (H). The Problems of Philosophy, translated by
G. M. Fisher, 4 (i net.
Political Economy.
Balfour (A. J.), Fiscal Reform, 2/6 net.
Hare (H. K.). Tariff without Tears. 1 0 net.
History and Biography.
Archer (F. B.), The Gambia Colony and Protectorate, in net.
Ardill (J. R.), Forgotten Facts of 'Irish History. 2 ti net.
Briscoe (J. P.). Bypaths of Nottinghamshire History. :i ti net.
Chronicles of London, edited by C. L Kingsfdrd, 10 B net.
Churchill (W. S.), Lord Randolph Churchill, 2 vols., 88/ net
Franklin (15.), Writings, collected by A. EL Smyth, Vols. I.
and II., each 12 (i net.
Gorst (H K.), The Fourth Party. 7/8 net.
How;ird-Flaiiders(\V.), King, Parliament. ami Army. 7 ti net.
MacMichael (J. H), Hie Story of Charing Cross and its
Immediate Neighbourhood, 7'ti net.
Norregaard (B. \\\), The (ireat Siege, Investment, and Fall
Of Port Arthur. 10/6 net.
Smith (Goldwin), Irish History and the Irish Question,
6/ net.
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. New Series,
Vol. XIX.
Geography and Travel.
Colquhoun (A. R.), The Africander Land, 16' net.
Geographical Journal, Vol. XXVI., 15/
Havell (K. R.). Renares. the Sacred City, 12 ti net.
Lippincott's Pronouncing (Jazetteer, edited by A. and L.
Heilprin, 42 net.
Sports and Pastimes.
Crowther (S.)and Ruhl (A.), Rowing and Track Athletics,
- net.
Philology.
Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius, by R. Kill's, s; ti
Krckniann-Cha trinn (}■'..), Histoire dun Homme du People
editeil by R. K. A. Chessex. :i
Grandgent (C. H.I. An Outline of the Phonology and Mor-
phology of Old Provencal, (>/ net.
Ma dan (A. ('.). Senga Handbook, 2/6 net.
McLaren (J.\ A Oram mar of the Kaffir Language, .".
Nodier (('.). Jean Sbogar, edited by D. L Savory, 2/
Pratt (A.) and Ere (A.), A Modern English Crammar,
:i (i net.
Smith (A. ID. A First V ear's French Book on the Oral
Method. 1 ti
Tibullus, edited by J. IV PosOJeeB, 1/B
Science.
Boole (M. V..). Logic taught by Love, 8/8 net..
Clerke(A. M.), Modern Cosmogonies, '. ti net.
Dixon (W. K.). A Manual of Pharmacology, l.'.'net.
Geological Survey of India, Records of. Vol. XXXII.
Part iv., ir.
Buggard fW. R»), A Handbook of Climatic Treatment,
including Balneology, 12 ti net.
Jordan (I). S. ). A Cuido to the Studv of Fishes, 2 vols.,
60 neb
Kellogg (V. I.. I American biuectu, 21 net.
Loekwood'a Builder's, Architect's, Contractor's, and
Engineer's Price-Book for L9D8, edited by F. T. W,
.Miller. I
MacCofl tilt. Symbolic Lngfc and its Applications, 4 (i net.
Pinpoint (A. B . >. The Blemanta of Geometry in Theory and
Practice, 2 '
Recetrl Advances in Physiology and Bio-Chemistry, edited
b| L. Hill, 1- net.
Schoneld (A. T-), The Management of a Nerve Patient.
'•/ neU
J ii ten He Books.
Adams (H. C), Tales of the Civil Wars, 2
Archibald (G. H.). Bible Lessons for Little Beginners,
Second Vear, 2 (i
Harvey (T. F:.). Poor Raoul. anil other Fables. 1 ti net.
Nursery Rhyme Plays. 2 net.
General Literature.
Campaign Guide, IVhk;. 5 net.
Cleeve(L). Soul Twilight. 6/
Cross (Victoria), Six Women, (i
Dawson fF. W.). The Scar, ti
Dickens (C), A Tale of Two Cities. 2 net.
Fox (A. W.), The Rating of Land Values, 3 8 net.
Hughes (T.l. Tom Brown's Schooldays, 2 net.
Huneker(.L), Visionaries, 6
Leahy (A. HA Hemic Romances of Ireland, Vol. II.. :'. net.
Little Book of Graces, 2 6 net.
Macmillan's New Globe Readers, Book III.. 1 2
Maeterlinck (Mi, The Treasure of the Humble, ti net.
Myrick (II.), Cache la Poudre. 7 ti
Scott (Sir W.), Ivanhoe. edited bv Fanny Johnson. 1 ti
Sergeant (A.), The Choice of Emelia, 6
Summer Nosegay (A), by a North-Country Rambler. :5 ti
Sylva (Carmen). Suffering's Journey on the Earth, translated
by M. A. Nash. 3 i; net.
limine (G), A Lost Cause, 1
Willing's Press Guide, 1986, 1
Wittigschlager (\V.\ Minna. Wife of the Young Rabbi, 6/
FOR EKi N.
Fine Art ami Arc/urology.
Bouchot (H.). Les Primitifs Francais. 4fr.
Naue(A. W.), Beiti-ig zurpraehistorischenTenninologie. 5m.
Rosenthal (L), Gericault, 3fr. 50.
Drama.
Truffier ( J. ), Athenes et la Comedie F'raneaise. 2fr.
History and Biography.
Boschot (A.), La Jeunesse dun Romantique : Hector
Berlioz, 1809-81, 4fr.
(ioutel(K. H. de), Memoires du General Marquis Alphonse
iniautpoul, 17SV)-1S6.">. 7fr. 50.
Moustafa Kamel Pacha. Egyptaens et Anglais. :ifr. 59.
Nachotl (<).), Ceschiehte v. Japan: Vol. I. Book I. Die
I'rzeit. 9m.
Pastor (L.), Ceschichte tier Papste seit tlem Ausgang des
Mittelalters : Vol. IV. Part I. Leo X.. 8m.
T;inzer(A.), Die Geschichte der Juden in Tirol u. Vorarl-
berg. Parts I. ami II., 17m.
Thirion (H.), Matlame tie Prie, 16S4S-1727. 7fr. 50.
Foljc-lore.
Jubainville (H. d'Arbois de). Les Druides et le- Dienx
Celtiques a Forme d'Aniinaux, 4fr.
Sports,
Allemagne (II. R. d'), Les Cartes a jouer du Quatorzicme an
Vingtieme Steele, 2 vols., GOfr.
General Literature.
Doumer (P.), Livre tie mes Fils, Sfr.
Jaloux (F..), Le Jeune Hounne an Masque. :>fr. 50.
Paris-Hachette. 1906, Sfr. 75.
Rosny (J. HA Sous le F'ardeau. 3fr. 58.
Salomon (M.). L'Esprft tin Temps, :ifr. 50.
Tinseau(L. de), Les Ktourderies de la Chanoines.se, Sfr. 50.
*»* All books received at the ofice up to Wednesday morning
trill be included in this List unless previously noted.
THE CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION .
The general meeting of the Classical
Association of England and Wales was
held on the oth and 6th inst. at King's
College, London, under the presidencv of
Dr. S. H. Butcher. The Chairman "first
offered a graceful tribute to the memory of
Sir Richard Jebb, who had allowed himself
to be nominated for the office of President.
He reminded his hearers that all of them
were in some sense Jebb's disciples, and
owed him a priceless debt of gratitude for
opening up new regions of Greek literature,
and enlarging their conception of what
classical learning could become. He doubted
if any textual critic had ever combined such
brilliancy and such divining skill with so
large and sane and sympathetic a judgment ;
and in the field of beautiful composition he
ventured to believe Jebb was without a
rival. Ho was in the best sense an anima
naturaliter (iraca. The Association also
deeply regretted the loss of another of its
Vice-Presidents. Dr. D. B. Monro.
The Report of the Council showed a steady
increase in membership, and among other
matters expressed cordial thanks to Dr. .1. V.
Postgato. who retires from his arduous duties
as one of the hon. secretaries, after two \
of devoted service. The committee ap-
pointed to consider the introduction of a
uniform pronuneiat ion of Latin was not in
a position to report.
After the election of Lord Cur/on as I 'resi-
dent for the ensuing year, of Vice-Presidents,
50
fHE ATHENAEUM
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906
six members of Council, and other officers,
it was agreed on the proposal of Dr. Postgate
to alter the name of the Association to " The
Classical Association," by the omission of
the words " of England and Wales." Prof.
Conway then proposed that the Council
should be empowered to present a memorial
to the Secretary of War representing that
the present examinations of candidates for
the military colleges are of an injurious
character, and virtually exclude from a
military career all boys on the classical
sides of public schools. It was thought by
some that the War Office should be asked
without ambiguity to restore Latin as an
obligatory subject; but Prof. Conway's
motion was finally adopted.
In his paper on ' The Religion of Prehistoric
Greece,' illustrated by lantern-slides, Mr.
D. G. Hogarth expressed the view that, as
the result of recent research, writers will
in future be more cautious in talking about
Oriental and Asiatic influences. Excava-
tions at Cnossus had produced phenomena
in comparison with which anything Phoe-
nician yet discovered was modern.
At Friday evening's conversazione Prof.
Clifford Allbutt entered a strong plea for
the speaking of Latin in the class-room,
urging that our possession of a foreign
language which we can speak, and in which
therefore we think, is very different from
that of another language which appears
to us only in the simulacrum of a book.
By the act of speaking, a language becomes
built into and integrated with the fabric
of a part of the brain, and Latin is a tongue
which can, by speaking, be built intimately
into the very nature of the pupil.
At Saturday's meeting the committee
nominated to consider by what methods
those employed in classical teaching could
be kept in touch with recent discovery and
investigation recommended the publication
every autumn of a report on the progress
of classical studies in the various branches
of literary history, comparative philology,
archaeology, &c. This was adopted, as was
also a more elaborate document from the
committee which had considered the spelling
and printing of Latin texts for school and
college use._* The main recommendations
were : —
" That in texts of Latin authors intended for
the use of beginners the quantity of long vowels
be marked except in syllables where they would
be also 'long by position.'
" That v and u be continued in use to distinguish
the two sounds of Latin u in books intended only
for beginners, but that,/ be discontinued altogether.
"That it is desirable that a hand list of the
words in which the natural length of a vowel in a
syllable where it would be ' long by position ' is
definitely established should be prepared and
issued by the Association for the use of teachers."
Beyond this, a small pamphlet will be
issued containing a statement of the present
principles governing Latin orthography, the
spelling recommended for adoption in school
texts being that of the epoch of Quintilian,
or the earliest attested spelling of subsequent
times. Detailed recommendations were also
given in certain cases of variation occurring
in a large number of words.
Perhaps the most important business
before the meeting was the report of the
committee appointed to consider in what
respects the present school curriculum in
Latin and Greek can be lightened and the
means of instruction improved. Their
interim report, which was debated for over
two Hours, is a careful document based on
the cpllection of much information. In
dealing with boys' schools it proceeds : —
" It seems that, in view of the legitimate claims
of other subjects, the amount of time devoted to
the study of classics on the classical side of boys'
public schools is as great as can reasonably be
expected : bul the Committee is of opinion thai
time and effort might be saved and better results
obtained by certain changes in the method of
teaohing < Ireek.
'• The system of classical teaching in most schools
seems to he directed towards the ultimate pro-
duction of a certain number of finished scholars
both in Latin and in Greek, educated for the most
part on what maybe called linguistic lines, <'.*.,
with special attention to grammar and composition.
But while it is right that elementary Latin should
be studied partly (though not exclusively) as a
linguistic discipline, the Committee thinks that it
is unnecessary and undesirable in the ease of the
average boy to apply precisely this method of
teaching to Greek also.
" The education in Greek of the average boy,
with whom in this report we are mainly concerned,
should, in the opinion of the Committee, be directed
to the reading and appreciation of Greek authors,
together with such study of grammar and simple
exercises in writing (ireek as may be desirable as
a means to this end. For the training of such
boys in the principles of language and the acqui-
sition of the linguistic sense, it is generally admitted
that Latin is the proper vehicle. And if this kind
of training has been thorough, it should be possible
for boys when they begin Greek to apply the
linguistic experience acquired through their train-
ing in Latin to the study of Greek, and to pass at
an early stage to the reading of Greek literature."
The main contention of the Committee,
as presented by Prof. Sonnenschein, was
that Greek composition in the proper sense
was not an end of school study for the
average boy in the lower and middle forms.
Two resolutions were submitted : —
" Resolution I. That in the lower and middle
forms of boys' jjublie schools, whereas Latin should
be taught with a view to the correct writing of the
language as well as to the intelligent reading of
Latin authors, Greek should be taught only with a
view to the intelligent reading of Greek authors.
" Resolution II. That the Association petition
the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge to take
into consideration the abolition of the separate
Greek grammar paper at Responsions and the
Previous Examination respectively, and the sub-
stitution for it of an easy paper in unprepared
translation."
Of these the former, altered by the omis-
sion of the clause referring to Latin, was
carried with two dissentients, the latter
with one.
THE ASSISTANT MASTERS IN
SECONDARY SCHOOLS.
Members of this incorporated Associa-
tion from all parts of England and Wales
met on Friday last week in St. Paul's School,
Hammersmith, under the presidency of the
Chairman of the year, Mr. C. H. Greene
(Berkhamsted).
The retiring treasurer, Mr. Paterson
(Mercers'), in presenting his report referred
to the healthy state of the finances shown
by the balance-sheet.
Mr. Coxhead (Liverpool), the outgoing
Chairman, reviewed the work of the past
year, regretting that success had not attended
their efforts to secure the federation of the
various bodies interested in secondary edu-
cation. This failure was due to a lack of
professional spirit, arising from indefinite-
ness of aim, overlapping, isolation, and pre-
judice ; this was particularly injurious at
the present time, when the Government was
entering more largely into the sphere of
secondary education, and united effort was
demanded by the true interests of the pro-
fession. The sinking of prejudices, the raising
of the standard of attainments, the spread
of educational ideas and methods, would be
best secured by concerted action of the
different bodies, and their own Association
would not relax its efforts in this direction.
A strong appeal was made to the men
teaching in our great public schools. WTas
it from prejudice that they stood aloof from
this Association, which was doing such useful
work ? In the present year every effort
would be made to secure the membership of
these masters, whose responsibility was pro-
portional to their power of doing good
work. The Board of Education was cen-
sured for its attitude in regard both to the
Teachers' Register and to the question of
appeal.
The case of dismissal at Warwick School
was next introduced by Mr. Somerville
(Eton), who pointed out the injustice of
the principle involved. An animated dis-
cussion followed the speech of Mr. Riches,
bursar of the school, who attempted to
defend and justify the action of the head
master, Mr. Keeling. It was unanimously
resolved,
" That this meeting strongly protests against the
indefensible and unjust conduct of the governing
body of Warwick School in refusing to give Mr.
Richardson the opportunity of being heard in his
own defence, and emphatically condemns the prin-
ciple that a master should be dismissed for not
introducing pupils to the school."
Mr. Pruen (Cheltenham), in proposing
that the attention of the new Government
should be called to the serious condition of
the Register of Teachers, declared that the
Register was at present virtually a dead
letter ; while Mr. Heath (Birmingham), in
seconding, denounced the Board of Education
as guilty of a breach of faith with the pro-
fession in inducing teachers to pay fees for
registration, and then refusing all recogni-
tion of the Register in schemes of schools,
&c. The motion was unanimously carried.
Mr. Page (Charterhouse) next moved
"That this meeting welcomes the proposal for a
Federal Council of Secondary Teachers, as likely
to promote the co-operation of all associations of
secondary teachers in advancing the general in-
terests of education."
Having urged the importance of secondary
education, and shown how our national
greatness is dependent on it, he declared that
joint action was essential to remedy " the
delightful confusion of admired disorder "
existing in our public schools. He enu-
merated as the outside forces affecting
education, the wishes of parents, the medical
men, the psychologists, the theorists in
education, the specialists in the various
subjects, the different governing authorities,
the War Office, and lastly outside examina-
tions. While assistant masters were ex-
pected to give their attention to all these,
they themselves, though doing nine-tenths
of the work in our schools, had no voice in
the affairs of their profession. They must
hammer away at the Board of Education,
whose treatment of the important deputa-
tion of head and assistant masters was
described as the minimum of personal
courtesy in conjunction with the maximum
of official insolence. The motion, seconded
by Mr. Montgomery, was adopted nem. con.
The meeting then adopted a resolution,
proposed by Mr. Somerville and seconded
by Mr. Thompson (Plymouth), welcoming
the proposal to establish a joint examination
to qualify for matriculation in the uni-
versities of Oxford and Cambridge, and
hoping that the standard of such an exam-
ination would be higher than that of Respon-
sions and the Previous Examination.
At the afternoon meeting a large concourse
of assistant masters and others interested in
teaching assembled to hear Lord Roberts
explain his scheme for strengthening our
national defences by the introduction of
rifle-shooting and military drill into the
curricula of our schools. The veteran field-
marshal affirmed that we ought always to
be ready to put in the field an army of
X°4081, Jax. 13, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
51
; 500,000 men, and to effect this the youths of
our schools should not only be taught to
shoot, but also urged to regard this as a
patriotic duty. The great drawback to
efficient training was the length of time
required for it, and the consequent
interference with a business career, if this
training was taken after schooldays were
over. This objection might be to a great
extent overcome by taking instruction
in rifle-shooting and military drill whilst
still in statu pupillari. The thorough train-
ing in these subjects would tend to develope
the character of the boy, even though he
might never need to bear arms in the defence
of his country. Having given an outline
of what was being done in this direction
at our large public schools, and having
shown that great progress was being made
in the various cadet corps, Lord Roberts
reminded the assistant masters of their
duty to the country'; it was to instil
patriotism, to inculcate a lofty idea of
self-sacrifice, and the conviction that skill
in the use of the rifle was a duty
to the empire. He was sure that the
boys would prove, morally, mentally, and
physically, better men. He assured his
audience that the only means of avoiding a
lengthy period of training or conscription
was to adopt the course he recommended.
He was convinced from experience that
much of the time now devoted to classics
might with greater advantage be given to
such subjects as history, geography, and
science. Support should be given by the
War Office and the Treasury ; sanction
should be granted to the formation of corps
of not fewer than twenty members ; a rifle
or carbine should be issued free for every
fifteen boys, with free ammunition under
conditions ; and all corps should be under
responsible officers.
Canon Lyttelton did not wish to criticize
or traverse the statements of Lord Roberts,
but admitted that on certain points raised
he was not in full agreement with him. He
suggested that the most practical method
of dealing with the subject would be to
make rifle-shooting compulsory for a certain
block of boys or section of the school, so
that every pupil would have to pass through
it. He would recommend another course
at a later period of the school career to
strengthen the earlier work. The announce-
ment by the head master of Eton that the
boys of that noted school were to begin
rifle-shooting in a few months elicited much
applause. Further support to the proposal
was given by Major Hoare (Haileybury),
Mr. Kinman (Hertford), and Major Somer-
ville (Eton).
Lord Roberts, in reply to a hearty expres-
sion of thanks, hoped that the movement
would result in the supply of a larger
number of officers from the Universities.
EDUCATIONAL NOTES.
A correspondence has been started in
The Times by some doctors who wrote con-
cerning the hours of sleep allotted to school-
boys. It seems as if the present race were
less hardy than its predecessors. But
perhaps the real point is that boys do not
get the sleep they are supposed to have
because the older among them sit up to
strange hours. This was certainly done in
public schools in the writer's day, and the
investigating Committee of the Head Masters'
Conference may be reminded that the modern
system does not encourage supervision by a
dormitory master.
It is now generally recognized that educa-
tion is forced on youngsters who are not fit
for it. The boy who takes too many' sub-
jects too early is passed in the race by the
other who was taught things later and more
gradually. It seems clear from ample in-
vestigation that the boys who began Greek,
say, at six years of age, are at sixteen no
better off than the boys who began it at
twelve or thirteen.
We are sorry to notice that the Head
Masters' Conference either did not under-
stand or did not appreciate the important
memorandum recommending a joint exami-
nation, to be held at schools qualifying for
matriculation at Oxford or Cambridge. We
hope that this scheme will have the fullest
consideration, for here, as elsewhere, co-ordi-
nation tends to simplify matters, while a
reasonable check on premature specializa-
tion will be afforded.
The public schools which award scholar-
ships to young boys would do well not to con-
fine themselves to a knowledge of classics, or
■whatever the special subject may be. The
examination in other subjects should not be
a farce, as it often is. We understand that
in some of our great schools combined classics
and mathematics can secure a scholarship.
This arrangement ought to be widely adopted
by examiners for scholarships of all kinds,
for early confinement to one special line is
a great menace to the chance of a liberal
education which every boy of ability ought
to look forward to.
We are glad to see that the Association
of Assistant Mistresses in Public Secondary
Schools, which meets to-day, is asking for
an extension of registration which will
include a large number of teachers engaged
in kindergarten and other forms of element-
ary teaching. Other resolutions concern
freedom of movement for duly qualified
teachers from one class of school to another ;
the requirement of a year's " recognized "
training as well as a year's " recognized "
satisfactory teaching experience for both
grades of the Register ; and the presence
of a due proportion of registered teachers
in secondary schools before such schools are
recognized as eligible for Government grants.
It is not easy, without going into technical
details, to exhibit striking features from the
thick Blue - book of ' Statistics of Public
Education in England and Wales, 1903-4-5.'
The strength of the female side in education
is shown, however, by the fact that it
represents 21,848 recognized pupil-teachers
in public elementary schools, as against
4,468 males. The statistics of " schools of
art " give 230 schools in 1903-4, which is
one less than the figures of 1902-3, but the
number of students is higher — 52,634 to
49,121. The number of technical institu-
tions receiving grants in 1903-4 was only 19.
In ' Special Optional Courses ' new ideas
are visible in the headings ' Rural Subjects,'
' Domestic Science and Household Manage-
ment (for Women),' and ' Advanced Instruc-
tion in some Recognized Subject of Handi-
craft.' The numbers here are very small,
as might be expected, but a useful beginning
has been made.
The ' General Table of Ordinary Public
Elementary Schools ' gives the following j
figures : Council schools, 6,145, accommo-
dating 3,172,622 children; and Voluntary!
schools, 14,082, accommodating 3,688,859.
These' figures do not deal with higher ele-
mentary schools, schools for defective
children, and " Certified Efficient " schools.
The most striking feature of the report |
for the year 1905 by Dr. Struthers on
' Secondary Education (Scotland) ' is the ■'
failure of the scheme for Commercial
Certificates. It is suggested that the co-
operation of merchants should be sought
in settling the curriculum and " extending
some sort off practical encouragement to
boys to equip themselves properly before-
theyX enter an office." The Edinburgh and
Leith Chambers of Commerce have begun
to form a committee for this purpose. The
" Higher Grade Schools " established by
the Code of 1899 have risen from 31 in 1900'
to 131 in 1905, but co-ordination of autho-
rities is needed, since they are, it appears,
entering into unnecessary competition with
good secondary schools. The teaching of
English was strongly urged by Sir Henry
Craik, and appears to be advancing slowly*
We learn that
"a large percentage of the Honours candidates
who wrote on Montrose confused him with Claver-
house. Similarly William the Lion was dis-
cussed on the supposition that he was William the
Conqueror, while one candidate — an Edinburgh
candidate, too — went sn far as to ascribe to Jeanie
Deans the exploit of Jenny Geddes."
The " Religious Question in Schools " is
too complicated to be dealt with briefly.
We may, however, direct attention to an
article on that subject in the current
Hibbert Journal, and to a memorandum
recently issued by the Rationalist Press
Association, which states that religion
would be best taught by parents, orr
where parents are incompetent, by the
churches to which they belong. This is a
sensible, but perhaps an ideal counsel.
But it is certain that the " Conscience
Clause " is unfair as marking out children
for possible ridicule or unpleasant notice.
The memorandum mentions that " lessons
on the duties of citizenship and humanity "
are moral in effect, and " are already
employed in some 3,000 public elementary
schools, including no less than 1,270 schools
in the West Riding of Yorkshire alone."
Can essential virtues be separated now
from Christianity, or inculcated equally
well " without some metaphysical or theo-
logical views of morality " ? That is the
big question — a question which at present
we cannot undertake to answer.
' RUSSIA.'
,,-We have received a long letter from the
author of the above book (reviewed by us
on December 30th), thanking us for the
notice, but bringing forward numerous objec-
tions. We can give only a selection of the
points raised, but in no case has injustice
been done to the author by omissions. We
number the points, and insert our reviewer's
reply to them at the end.
Hotel de Malte. Hue <le Richelieu, Paris, .Tan. 3rd, 1908.
1. With regard to the " strange seated
stone figures " to which your reviewer refers,
I fancy he can only have seen them in his
dreams. I have no recollection of seeing
them during my travels in Russia. The
stone figures that I have described were
standing, not seated.
2. Your reviewer complains of " a want
of careful attention " in my allusion to the
church ohants. I should like to tell him that
the words are quoted exactly as I and main-
others have heard them scores of times.
The continuous repetition of the two words
given in my book has a most comic effect
on the ears of a stranger, which it is unfor-
tunately impossible for me to reproduce.
3. The fault which your reviewer finds
with my index is unanswerable, I admit, but
I had nothing to do with its compilation,
and was prevented by want of time from
going through it before publication.
4. Vmir reviewer has not only misread,
but he misquotes what I say about the win
of colonists cooking the food and waiting
on their husbands' guests. I have nowhere
stated that this is a practice among Russians:
52
THE ATHENJET/M
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906
it is purely German, and found only among
< lermans, and imported by them into Russia;
but never in any case imitated i>\ the
Russians, l have visited Canada and the
United States, and cini assure VOUT reviewer
that the position of women in these countries
is^very different.
5. Again, " the depreciation of French
caricature," which " will not bear investiga-
tion," is merely an interesting quotation
from a book published in 1873, in spite of
the fact that it is criticized as coming direct
from myself.
G. Your reviewer goes on to remark," We
do not understand the references to the
Si i uve family, the generations appearing
to be confused." He may be interested to
hear that all the facts I have given were
taken dowm from Prof. Struve's own lips
at his own table (in Kharkoff ).
7. The misspelling of the name Cathcart
is due to the fact of my having copied the
inscription, letter for letter, from that hero's
tomb in Sebastopol.
8. With regard to Parker, I was not the
only person who heard Tolstoy's remark
concerning him, and I could easily convince
your reviewer that the Parker referred to
was the American Parker.
Annette M. B. Meakin.
Our reviewer's replies are as follows : — -
1. The figures, which still abound in the
Steppe north of the Sea of Azof, look as
though seated. See also Custine. It is
probable that the art of the " barbarian "
sculptors was not equal to the task of
making them seem to stand on feet.
2. The closing words of the verses of all
the litanies are not those given by the author.
3. Authors ought to insist on having a
good index, especially if they are not novices.
4. Our point was that the practice is as
common and necessary in the " back blocks "
of Australia, Canada, and the United States
as it is in Russia, whether among German
Russians or among Russians. There was
no quotation of the words.
5. Why is the passage quoted with appa-
rent approval if not endorsed ?
6. We showed by dates the impossibility
of the great Struve, the astronomer, being
in the author's mind.
7. The author repeatedly writes in her
own person of the well-known general after
whom the famous hill was named, with the
same misspelling.
8. It is quite possible that our conjecture,
named by us as such, was wrong.
MB, LBE'6 'CENSUS OF SHAKESPEARE
FIRST FOLIOS.'
108.V, Lexhum Gardens, Kensington, \\\, January 5th.
Mrs. Letter, of Washington, calls ray
attention to an error of description, which
it is right that I should correct without
delay, in the account that I have given, in
the ' Census of Shakespeare First Folios,' of
the copy which the late L. Z. Leiter acquired
of the late Bernard Quaritch in August, 1888,
and which is now Mrs. Leiter's property.
In accordance with information supplied
me by a member of the late Mr. Leiter's
family, I stated in the ' Census,' which was
published in 1902, that this copy lacked
the preliminary leaf headed ' A catalogve
of the seuerall Comedies, Histories, and
Tragedies contained in this Volume.' A
recent examination of the copy by Mr.
Morrison, of the Congress Library at
Washington, shows that the ' Catalogue '
leaf is among the preliminary leaves, though
it is not in the precise place in which it is
usually found. Mrs. Leiter's copy ought, in
view of Mr. Morrison's report, to occupy a
far more distinguished place in my' Census '
than the one which I have allotted to it.
With the exception of a slight repair in the
last leaf, the volume is quite perfect, and
ought to be included in Class I. of the
'Census,' instead of in Class II.
I have already expressed to Mrs. Leiter
my regret that I should have under-esti-
mated the interest of the copy, which, as I
have already stated, is one of the very few
still retaining the original binding.
Sidney Lee.
THE 1477 VENICE EDITION OF THE
•DIVINA COMMEDIA.'
Fiveways, Burnham, Bucks, January 8th, 1906.
It may be worth while to point out that
Mr. Slater is in error, in his description (in
his article on 'The Book Sales of 1905' in
to - day's Athenceum) of the 1477 Venice
edition of the ' Divina Commedia ' as " con-
taining for the first time the Commentary
of Benvenuto da Imola." It is true that
the Italian commentary contained in that
edition is attributed to Benvenuto in a
sonnet printed at the end of the volume.
But this is a false attribution. Benvenuto
wrote in Latin, and his commentary (excerpts
from which were printed by Muratori) was
not printed in full until 1887, in which year
it was published at Florence in five hand-
some volumes at the expense of Mr. William
Warren Vernon. The Italian commentary
in question, which was reprinted in a some-
what different form in the 1478 Milan
edition of the ' Divina Commedia,' was
written by Jacopo della Lana, of Bologna.
The subject is discussed at length by Signor
Luigi Rocca in his ' Di Alcuni Commenti
della Divina Commedia ' (pp. 127ff.).
Paget Toynbee.
'THE ROYAL FORESTS OF ENGLAND.'
Your reviewer expresses surprise that I
have not cited from Dr. Nisbet's books. In
common with every one else of intelligence
who is interested in modern forestry and
arboriculture, I regard Dr. Nisbet as facile
princeps on all such subjects. I have
read and enjoyed almost everything he has
written. But I am not aware of anything of
his that throws any light whatever on the
subject of my book. J. Charles Cox.
Major Martin Hume is busy with a
book which should possess a topical as
well as an historical interest, in view of
the approaching Anglo - Spanish royal
marriage. It will consist of the strange
and romantic stories of some of the more
interesting of the earlier Queens of Spain,
drawn in many cases from unpublished
sources. The share of Isabella the Catholic
in the expedition of Columbus ; the atti-
tude of Elizabeth of Valois towards her
stepson Carlos, and the reason of her pre-
mature death ; the action of Elizabeth of
Bourbon in the overthrow of Olivares ;
and the vagaries of Luisa Isabel of
Orleans and other ladies will be dis-
cussed, with many points which remain
problematical. The book will be pub-
lished in the early autumn by the firm of
E. Grant Richards.
Mr. Unwin will publish in the spring
a book entitled 'The Continental Out-
cast : Land Colonies and Poor-Law Relief,'
by the Rev.W. Garble, of the ('lunch Army,
and his son Mr. Victor W. Carlile. It
contains an account of visits paid by the
authors last summer to the famous labour
colony of Merxplas, in Belgium, and to
similar institutions in Holland. Germany,
and Denmark, together with a number of
practical suggestions for the improvement
of English methods of dealing with the
unemployed, the aged poor, tramps, and
beggars.
Mr. Murray is issuing ' Monographs,'
by Sir Theodore Martin, which con-
sist of sketches of Garrick, Macready,
Rachel, and Baron Stockmar, based on
Quarterly articles. ' Things Indian,' by
Mr. William Crooke, the accomplished
editor of ' Hobson Jobson,' will be looked
for with eagerness ; and ' Jottings of an
Old Solicitor,' by Sir John Hollams,
represents expert knowledge and reflec-
tion reaching over a period of sixty years.
' The History of the Papacy in the Nine-
teenth Century,' by Dr. Nielsen, trans-
lated by Canon A. J. Mason and others,
introduces to the English public a Danish
author who is both lively and erudite.
Mr. Arthur D. Innes has edited for
the Cambridge Press Burke's speeches on
American taxation and conciliation of the
colonies.
In an appendix to his edition of the
oration of Demosthenes against Midias,
shortly to be issued by the same Press,
Prof. W. W. Goodwin illustrates the
peculiar character of the -po(3o\r) by
treating it in connexion with the
et'crayytAta and other special forms of
public suits in which the authority of the
State appears.
Mr. E. Temple Thurston, author of
' The Apple of Eden,' has just finished
another novel. It is entitled ' Traffic,'
and will be published by Messrs. Duck-
worth & Co. about February 21st.
Mr. Ford Madox Hueffer's new novel
1 The Fifth Queen,' which is to be pub-
lished next month by Mr. Alston Rivers,
is, although complete in itself, to be
regarded as the first instalment of a
trilogy dealing with little-known episodes
in the short career of Katharine Howard.
Mr. Alston Rivers has also in the
press a book entitled ' The Heart of
the Country,' in which Mr. Hueffer
supplements his ' Soul of London ' by a
survey of rustic life and problems.
We notice the death last Wednesday of
Dr. William Rainey Harper, who had been
President of Chicago University since
1891. He was only forty-nine, but had
already made his mark in Biblical litera-
ture and Oriental languages. He was
Professor of Hebrew on a Baptist
foundation at Chicago, 1879-86, Pro-
fessor of Semitic Languages at Yale,
1886-91 ; and Professor of Biblical Lite-
rature, 1889-91. He was head Professor
of Semitic Languages at Chicago, and pub-
lished books on ' Elements of Hebrew,'
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906
Hebrew ' Syntax ' and ' Vocabularies,' ' An
Introductory New Testament ' with R. F.
Weidner, and two manuals on Latin with
I. B. Burgess. He was an associate editor
of The Biblical World and the American j
Journals of Theology and Semitic Lan- [
guages.
The Oxford University Press is about
to issue ' Scenes from Old Play books,'
arranged as an introduction to Shakspeare
by Mr. Percy Simpson. This book is an
attempt to solve in practical form some
of the difficulties involved in a first read-
ing of Shakspeare, and is for young
readers. The only notes are stage notes,
and these have been lavishly supplied.
Mr. Murray is publishing for the
Government of India an abridged ' Official
Account of the Second Afghan War, 1878-
1880.' Among the fiction he announces
are the first novel of Mr. Basil Lubbock,
' Jack Derringer,' and ' The Hatanee,'
by Mr. Arthur Eggar, a novel of British
Burma.
Mr. W. C. McBaest is to lecture to the
Old Glasgow Club on Monday on ' The
Literature o'f Old Glasgow.' A number
of old Glasgow books in choice bindings
will be on view.
Last Monday died in Newcastle Mr.
William Duncan, who must have been
one of the oldest of journalists, having
reached the patriarchal age of ninety-
nine. Born and bred at Aberdeen, which
produces its full quota of strong and
vigorous men, he was for thirty years sub-
editor of The Newcastle Chronicle, and
wrote lives of Joseph Cowen and George
Stephenson.
Another venerable figure is lost by the
death of Mr. George Pv. Fenton, of the
Middle Temple, who was for forty-four
years on the Parliamentary staff of The
Times.
In Chambers' 's Journal for February
Mr. F. Whitehouse describes ' The Bash
Vourmak,' or striking of the head
amongst Mohammedans at Constantinople.
A writer who records Ruskin's opinions,
received in conversation, upon ' The
Hurry and Bustle of Modern Life,' adds
much of his own, and criticizes motor-
cars and modern architecture.
Next week we shall print the first of
two papers on Gray at Peterhouse, em-
bodying the results of special research by
Dr. T. A. Walker. Dr. Walker has in
the press a ' History of Peterhouse,' in
the well-known series of " College His-
tories," and has an excellent subject in
the oldest of Cambridge foundations.
The author of ' Latin Hexameter
Verse,' Mr. S. E. Winbolt, is about to
publish immediately with Messrs. Blackie
.& shorter book entitled ' The Latin
Hexameter.' The former work being
adapted mainly to the needs of teachers,
the forthcoming one is intended for the
use of sixth-form boys, and fitted to a
■course of six terms. It will be interleaved
with blank pages, so that a pupil may
conveniently embody notes drawn from
his own reading.
THE ATHEN^UM
53
Mr. Walter A. Locks has written a
series of historical stories connected with
old Ilford and its neighbourhood. It is
announced under the title ' A Maid in
Armour, and other Tales of Old Ilford,'
by Mr. Elliot Stock.
The very interesting analysis of books
of the year issued by The Publishers''
Circular is now out. The total of books
is 8,252, as against 8,334 in 1904. Theo-
logy has increased — 745 volumes against
666. Educational works show a decrease
of 102 ; and there has been a lesser isssue
also of political and commercial books and
reprinted novels. The new novels are
1,733, as against 1,731, so that the figure
remains curiously steady. The totals of
history and biography, and books on the
arts and sciences, are also virtually un-
changed. In belles-lettres the books reach
381, as against 220 last year, a consider-
able advance. Poetry and drama, and
geography and travel, also show a slight
increase.
The feature of this list, as of all recent
lists, is the predominance of fiction.
What reader, however quick and practised,
can expect to cope with an average of
thirty-three new novels a week, and give
during the same period a glance at twelve
reprinted ones ? Yet we are told that
some unfortunate moderns make the
attempt, and even call the result criticism.
The death is announced in Edinburgh
of the Rev. Paton J. Gloag, author of
several theological works, commentaries,
and translations. He was born at Perth
in 1823, and was successively minister of
Dunning, Blantyre, and Galashiels, from
which he retired in 1890.
In the spring a novel may be looked
for entitled ' Stymied ! The Story of a
Short Summer Sojourn in St. Andrews.'
The author is Mr. Murray-Maitland.
A Swedish translation of Mr. Gosse's
' History of English Literature,' under-
taken by the Swedish poet Herr K. G.
Ossian - Nilsson, is about to appear in
Stockholm. It will be published by the
well-known firm of Messrs. Bonnier.
Among Royal Institution arrangements
are the following : — On Tuesday next
Prof. E. H. Parker will deliver the first
of three lectures on ' Impressions of
Travel in China and the Far East.' On
Thursday Canon Beeching begins a course
of two lectures on Shakespeare ; and on
Saturday Mr. J. E. C. Bodley delivers
the first of two lectures on ' The Church
in France.' On January 26th Mr. A. C.
Benson will lecture on Walter Pater.
The death, in his sixtieth year,
is reported from Cassel of Wilhelm
Benecke, editor of the Hessenland, and
author of a number of novels and of a
history of the Royal Theatre at Cassel.
Several of the Paris papers have
given currency to the rumour that M.
Brunetiere is about to resign the editor-
ship of the Revue des Dru.r Monde*, which
he has directed since 1893, and to which
he has been a contributor for thirty years.
It was even stated that his successor
would be either M. d'Haussonville or
M. de Vogue ; but in an interview pub-
lished in the ficho de Paris M.iBrunetiere
makes it clear that he has no intention of
resigning his post.
The Parliamentary Paper of the week
of the most interest to our readers is the
Historical MSS. Commission Report on
the Manuscripts of the Duke of Rutland
preserved at Belvoir Castle. Vol. IV.
(25. 9d.).
SCIENCE
CHARLES JASPER JOLY, F.R.S.
No college has been more severely tried
by the loss of eminent men in recent years
than Trinity College, Dublin. In addition
to other great misfortunes, it has lost George
Salmon, George Fitzgerald, and Charles Joly
within four years. The first had attained
the ripeness of full age. but though he was
long past scientific work, his house was the
meeting-place of the learning of Europe, and
there was hardly a term in which some
scholar from England or from Germany did
not come to see the great old hospitable man.
George Fitzgerald was second only to Lord
Kelvin in lus influence on modern science ;
and now Charles Joly, the one man who
promised to keep his college in contact with
European mathematical research, has been
carried off (on the 4th inst.). by results
from typhoid fever, in the prime of life.
He was just beginning to make his in-
fluence felt, not only by his publication
and expositions of Hamilton's epoch-
making work, but also by his constant
contact with Cambridge and with foreign
mathematical scholars. Apart from all
this, he had great and peculiar qualities.
There are others who may rival him as
mathematicians ; the College has possessed
them for generations ; but in the burning
problem of University reform this was the
man of enlightened views, of broad European
experience, who would in coming years have
stimulated wise changes, and who would
have helped to save his College both from
stupid adherence to effete traditions and
from dangerous innovations. As such he
cannot be replaced till some new man of
his outstanding merit arises, and there
seems little chance that such a one will be
found for some years to come. This is
what must be said regarding the public loss
resulting from his deplorable death.
To speak calmly of his personal character
is not easj- for those who loved and honoured
him, and who stood but yesterday beside his
open grave. He had not the commanding
personality of Fitzgerald, and did not obtain
his Fellowship without a hard struggle ; but
this was due, as his friends well knew, to his
constant pursuit of general reading, and
so that wearisome trial, which often saps
the originality and impairs the character of
promising men. left him still fresh in intellect,
and open to wider interests. Within a few
years his reputation obtained for him the
Andrews Chair of Astronomy, carrying with
it the title of Astronomer Royal in Ireland.
and he settled with his young wife at the
Observatory, which removed him to some
extent from daily intercourse with his
colleagues, but also from the petty frictions
and distractions of tutorial life.
He entered on his new duties with zeal,
beeame a leading spirit among the serious
members of the British Association, and
travelled often and far with astronomical
expeditions, and to take part in the foreign
54
Til E AT II KN'iEUM
X K)81. Jan. l.'i, 1900
con. of int'ii of Boienoe. rhia wide
ezperianoe taught him to fear that the once
Eamoua Dublin school of mathematics was
becoming provinoial and narrow a tendency
which he earneetlj strove to counteract.
Senoe to the old-fashioned majority in the
College he often seemed visionary, to some
even dangerous, for lie always , advocated
Lohanl reforms in what he believed the
obsolete methods of higher education, which
led to obstacles to research. His mild and
gentle manner was in some contrast to the
advanced nature of his views, and he never
expressed himself violently, even when his
moral indignation was roused by the mis-
oonduot of a superior, or the mismanage-
ment of College affairs. He was waiting,
with patient impatience, for the day when
the voice of the reformer would no longer
be the voice of one crying in the desert .
But now a cruel fate has taken him from
his unfinished labours, from his wife and
little children, from all the friends who
based high hopes upon his future. These
hopes were well founded, for as his presence
did not manifest at first sight the high
quality of his intellect, so the work he has
left is indeed but an earnest of what he would
have done in years to come. Fortunately,
the public can judge thej justice of i. this
estimate by his ' Elements of Quaternions '
(1905), which shows him a master of the
highest region in pure mathematics. The
Royal Society and the Royal Irish Academy
have been long familiar with his abstruse
papers. M.
* AN EXPLANATION OF MAGNETISM.'
After the appearance of the article- under
this heading in The Athenceum of Decem-
ber 2nd, Sir Oliver Lodge wrote to us the
following letter, which is the o-ne^alluded to
in ' Research Notes ' of the 23rd; of last
month : —
Marieinont, Kilghaston, December 13th, 1905.
It is astonishing how in this country the work
of Englishmen seldom attracts attention until a
foreigner takes it up ; and then it is universally
attributed to that foreigner. Your article of
date December 2nd contains nothing new to
English physicists. M. Langevin obtained it all
from Cambridge, it is due chiefly to Prof. Larmor
and others of the Cambridge school, and wlmt you
call an obiter dictum of M. Langevin. is a definite
and certain mathematical proposition, made in
England. Oliver Lodge.
Since then we have heard from Sir Oliver
Lodge, referring us to Philosophical Trans-
actions, 1894 A, pp. 806-18, and 1897 A,
pp. 286-8, for evidence in support of his
contention that M. Langevin obtained his
theory from Cambridge.
The writer of the article in question sends
us the following comments £. •
Sir Oliver Lodge's references are taken
from two papers by Dr. Larmor, both
headed On a Dynamical Theory of the
Electric and Luminiferous Medium ' In
that published in 1894 Dr. Larmor defines
an atom of matter as a " vortex-ring in the
present rotational aether with intrinsic
rotational strain constituting electric charge "
and developes the theory of electrons, or,
as he calls them, " discrete electric nuclei,"
revolving within the vortex-ring, pretty
much as it has since been accepted by Prof.
u (1Thom8on and others. He also says
that "it is essential to any simple elastic
theory of the a-ther that the charge of an
ion shall be represented by some permanent
state of strain of the aether, which is asso-
ciated with the aether and carried along
with it, and that " such a strain-configura-
tion can hardly be otherwise than sym-
metrical all round the ion." In his com-
munication of isiiT, written in view of If,
Curie's discover] that the paramagnetic
state varies inversely to the absolute
temperature, lie says that Curie's law
indicates that the same is sensibly
Hue for all paramagnetic media at high
temperatures : at lower temperatures they
gradually pass into the ferromagnetic con-
dition," and that " the controlling force
[in a ferromagnetic body] that resists
the orientating action of the field is
practically wholly derived from the mag-
netic interaction of the neighbouring
molecules." But this must be considered
as in some sort superseded by the publica-
tion of ' /Ether and Matter ' in 1900, which
Dr. Larmor declares in his preface to be in
part " a restatement in improved form of
investigations already developed in a series
of memoirs, Phil. Trans. A. 1894-6-7." In
this last book he states (p. 343) clearly
enough that " it appears incidentally that
the conception of paramagnetism which con-
siders it to be due to orientation of the
molecule as a whole by the magnetic field,
as if it were a rigid system, is not valid
except as a very rough illustration" ; and
(p. 344) that " the exceptionally great
magnetic coefficients of iron, nickel, and
cobalt at ordinary temperatures may possibly
be explained as an effect of molecular co-
hesion or grouping." I do not see how
this bears out Sir Oliver Lodge's contention
that M. Langevin obtained all his theory
from Cambridge, and it would be interesting
to know if Dr. Larmor himself considers
that M. Langevin has plagiarized, either
consciously or otherwise, from his published
researches.
I do not yield to Sir Oliver Lodge in
patriotism, and I should at all times be
naturally inclined to prefer the work of an
English scholar to that of one of any other
nationality. But it seems to me that some
continental nations — especially the French
and Dutch — have a great advantage over
us in that they always take pains to state
their scientific propositions clearly and with
precision, in opposition to the unnecessarily
technical and confused language in which
our men of science, at Cambridge and else-
where, clothe their thoughts. This reproach
cannot be brought against Sir Oliver Lodge,
who, when either speaking or writing on
physical subjects, is always clearness itself.
But if he could persuade some of his col-
leagues to state their theories with some
attention to literary form, he would go far
towards making English science at once
more popular and better understood, both
here and on the Continent, than it is at
present. At a tune when Mr. Haldane's
British Science Guild is calling upon the
nation to extend the methods of science
beyond its own borders, such an effort is
especially needed, and it is not, perhaps,
too much to ask that those who require
their countrymen to think scientifically
should themselves endeavour to write
lucidly. By so doing they would form
the bridge between literature and science
for which some of us have long hoped.
SOCIETIES.
Okoi.oiikwi.. />,,-. 2o. Dr. J. E. Marr. Pre-
sident, in the chair. -Mr. T. F. Sibly was elected
8 Fellow ; and Prof. Louis Dollo, of Brussels, and
Dr. August Rothpletz. of Munich, were elected
Foreign Members. The following communicat ions
were read: 'The Highest Silurian Rocks of the
Ludlow District," by Miss (}. L. Ellcs and Miss
1. L. Slater, and 'The Carboniferous Rocks at
Rush. co. Dublin,' by Dr. C. A. Matley, with an
account of the faunal succession and correlation
by Dr. A. Vaughau. Prof. <>. F. Wright, in ex-
hibiting a map of the Lebanon district, gave an
interesting description of the evidence which he
found, in a recent journey to that district, as to the
height and extent of the terminal moraine. lie
remarked also that the water-level in the Jordan
valley stood, in comparatively recent times, 7"»o
feet higher than at present, and this he conni
with the glaoiation on the an a. \ > rj small climatic
change.-, would be sufficient to Btart the Lebanon
glacier again.
I.inmxn. Dee. 21.— Mr. C. B, Clarke, v. P..
in the chair. Viscount Mountmorres and Mr. J.
Stuart Thomson were admitted Fellows. Mr. < I
Druery exhibited an aposporous Beedling of Poly-
podium vulgart, with a frond bearings well-del
plot hallus at the tip. He al-o showed 8 new
ot apospory in Cyatopteris montana. The ('hair-
man and Prof. •!. Bretland Farmer contributed
some critical remarks. Dr. A. B. Rendle gave &
report of the International Botanical Congret
Vienna in June last, at which he was the S
delegate, and which was attended by more than
600 botanists from all parts of the world. — The
discussion was opened by the Chairman and
tinned by Dr. Stapf, Lieut. -Col. Brain, Mr. J.
Hopkinson. Mr. F. X. Williams, the General
Secretary, and Mr. H. Groves. — A paper was read
from Dr. Fritz Kranzlin. entitled ' Cyrtandreas-
Malaya- Insularis Nova?,' founded on specimens in
the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, K> w.
— Messrs. H. and .T. Groves contributed a paper
'On Characea- from the Cape of Good Hope col-
lected by Major A. H. Wofley-Dod, R.A.,' illus-
trated by the specimens themselves.
Microscopical. — Dec. 20. — Dr. 1). H. Scott,
President, in the chair. — The President called
attention to a donation of slides prepared by
Andrew Pritchard about fifty yean ago. They
had been presented to the Society by Mr. N. 1). F.
Pearce, and were exhibited in the room. Mr.
Rheinberg described an exhibit consisting of about
twenty photographs of diatoms taken by the
Zeiss apparatus, designed by Dr. August Kohler,
of Jena, for photomicrography with ultra-violet
light. A photograph of Amphipleura pt llucida,
taken with oblique illumination, showed the
diatom clearly resolved into dots. — Mr. dirties
said the photograph of Amphipleura resolved into
dots was one of the finest yet shown, but it was
not the first time this diatom had been so resolved,
for a photograph showing the dotted structure was
made by Mr. Gifford, and Dr. Spina showed the
diatom itself at one of the Society's meetings; the
resolution was not. however, in cither case so
distinct as in the photographs exhibited by Mr.
Rheinberg. — A paper on 'A Fern Fructification
from the Lower Coal Measures of Shore, Lanca-
shire.' was read by Mr. I). M. S. Watson, who
exhibited a large section of the coal under the
microscope, with lantern-slides in illustration of
his paper. — The paper was followed by a discus-
sion, in which the President, Prof. F. W. Oliver,
and Nr. E. A. Newell Arber took part.
Institution of Crvn, Engineers. ./'//>. f). —
Sir Alexander Binnie. President, in the chair. —
Two papers were read, namely, "The Elimination
of Storm-Water from Sewerage Systems,' by Mr.
D. E. Lloyd- Da \ ies. and •The Elimination OI Sus-
pended Solids and Colloidal Matters from Sewage,'
by Lieut. -Col. A. S. Jones and Mr. YV. (). Travis.
— It was announced that 4S Associate Members
had been transferred to the class ot Members, and
that -2() candidates had been admitted as Students.
The monthly ballot resulted in the election of J
Members and "is Associate Members.
Aristotelian.- -Jan. I.— Dr. Hastings Bashdall,
President, in the chair. — Mr. B. Duniville was
elected a Member.— Mr. J. Solomon read a paper
on 'Is the Conception of Good [Indefinable.?' The
predicate " good." though not definable as a com-
plex of partial concepts, is not properly assimilated,
as Mr. Moore in ' Rrincipia Ethica 'assimilates it, to
such simple predicates as ••yellow." For '•yellow
is not merely simple in itself, but is apprehended by
a simple function; while '•good" is object of
apprehension to a complex function, which admits
of definition. This function is what is commonly
called reason ; and from Aristotle to Sidgwick it
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
oo
has been admitted that "good" is apprehended by
reason. All that needs to be added to this is that,
discarding the old unintelligible views of reason as
an organ of faculty, or " lumiere naturelle," we
should recognize that by reason we really mean the
exercise of a complex function constructing out of
the remembered past and the imagined future.
The larger part of the paper was devoted to main-
taining (after Hoffding) the entire subjectivity of
the moral criterion, its entire dependence on the
individual. For all moral approval or judgment of
"what ought to be" is at bottom a liking, pro-
pensity, tendency — only one which deserves to be
called rational, because it is comprehensive, sys-
tematic, and on the whole permanent. — The paper
was followed by a discussion.
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Sit.
Royal Academy, 4.—' "0_uality" in Colour,' Prof. G. Clausen.
Bibliographical, 5.— ' An Episode in Anglo-French Biblio-
graphy UtilOi,' Mr. Sidney Lee.
London Institution, 5.— 'Notes on the Port of London,' Mr.
J. G. Brood-Bank i Tracers Lecture. I
Surveyors' Institution. 8. — 'Modern Surveying Instruments,'
Mr. A. T. Walmisley.
Geographical. 8.30.—' British East African Plateau Land and
its Economic Conditions.' Major A. St. Hill Gibbons.
Roval Institution, 5.—' Impressions of Travel in China and the
Far East,' Lecture I., Prof. E. H. Parker.
Colonial. 8.—' The Progress and Problems of the East Africa
Protectorate.' Sir C. Eliot.
Institution of Civil Engineers, B.— Discussion on ' The Elimi-
nation of Storm- Water from Sewerage Systems' and 'The
Elimination of Suspended Solids and Colloidal Matters from
Sewage.'
Zoological. S.:S0.— ' Bones of the Lynx from Cales Dale, Derby-
shire.' Mr. W. Storrs Fox : ' Mammals from South Johore and
Singapore collected by Air. C. B. Kioss,' Mr. J. L. Bonhote ;
'Contributions to the Anatomy of the Ophidia.' Mr. F. E.
Beddard ; ' Minute Structure of the Teeth of Creodonts,' Mr.
i' S T. .in.--.
Meteorological, 7. SO.— Annual Meeting. ' Meteorology in Daily
Life. Mr. R. Bentley.
British Archwolodcil Association, 8.— 'St. Clether, his Chapel
and Holy Wells,' Mrs. Collier; 'The Curtian Lake,' Dr.
Russell Forbes.
Entomological. 8.— Annual Meeting.
Folk-lore, 8.— Presidential Address.
Microscopical. 8.— 'The Life and Work of Bernard Renault,'
the President.
Society of Aits, s.— 'The Scientific Assets of Voice Develop-
ment.' Dr. W. A. Aikin.
. Royal Academy. 4.— The Relative Importance of Subject and
Treatment,' Prof. G. Clausen.
Royal. 4.30.
Society of Arts, 4.30.— 'The City of Calcutta,' Mr. 0. E. Buck-
laud".
Historical. 5— 'The Study of Nineteenth-Century History.'
Mr. P. Ashley.
Royal Institution, 5. — ' Shakespeare,' Lecture I., Canon
iieeching.
London Institution, 6.— 'Russian Broadsides and Illustrated
Prints, Mr. M (tester.
Linnean. 8.— 'The Life-Historv of ttOfgaritifera paruueta.'
Mr. A. W. Allen; Some Endophytic Algse,' Mr. A. I).
< i>tt"ii ; ' Jacobsons Organ of Sphenodon,' Dr. R. Broom.
Society of Arts, 8. — ' High-Speed Electric Machinery, with
i.il Reference to Steam-Turbine Machines,' Lecture I..
Prof. S. P. Thoinpson (Howard Lecture).
Chemical. 8.30.— The Refractive Indices of Crystallizing Solu-
tions. Messrs. II. A. Miers and F. Isaac; 'The Determina-
tion of Available Plant-Food in Soils by the Use of Weak
Acid Solvents.' Part II.. Messrs. A. I). Hall and A. Amos :
'The Action of Ammonia and Amines on Diazobenzene
Pic-rate,' Messrs. O. Siltierrad and G. Rotter; and numerous
other Papers.
Society of Antiquaries, 8.30— 'The Ceramic Art in Ancient
Japan,' Dr. N. Gordon Munro; 'An English Chalice and
Paten of the Fifteenth Century.' Rev. E. II. Willson.
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 8. — Discussion "ii
'Behaviour of Materials of Construction under Pure Shear.'
Paper on ' Worm Contact,' Mr. E. A. Bruce.
Royal Institution. 9.— "Some Applications of the Theory of
Electric Discharge to Spectroscopy,' Prof. J. .1. Thomson.
Roval Institution, .:.— 'The Church in France,' Lecture I., Mr.
/. E. C. Bodley.
%tuntt (Sossip.
We may mention a few facts supplement-
ing the personal notice of Prof. Joly which
we also include this week. He died in the
forty-second year of his age, having been
born at Tullamore on June 27th, 1864. His
early education was obtained at Galway
Grammar School, after which he passed
through Trinity College, Dublin, and spent
also some time at Berlin University. He
became Royal Astronomer of Ireland in
1897 ; with that post are united the Andrews
Professorship of Astronomy at Dublin Uni-
versity, and the Directorship of the Dunsink
Observatory. In addition to the practical
work involved in these, Prof. Joly wrote
largely on mathematical subjects, especially
on quaternions, a branch of analysis which
owes its origin and its name to one of his
predecessors, Sir William Rowan Hamilton,
whose great work upon it appeared in 1866,
the year after the death of the author, who
worked at it nearly till the end.
In view of the decision to appoint a
Royal Commission on Canals, * Our Water-
■ways,' to be published by Mr. John Murray
for Mr. U. A. Forbes and Mr. W. H. R.
Ashford, will be of interest. Many people
besides Mr. Carnegie have wondered that
our elaborate canal system, which cost so
much money, is being allowed in many cases
to go to rack and ruin. The present con-
dition of inland navigation, and the merits
of the various schemes suggested to improve
it, will be fully discussed.
Mr. Murray will also issue ' The Transi-
tion in Agriculture,' by Mr. Edwin A. Pratt,
which records many remarkable facts and
figures. Special attention is paid to the
problem of small holdings.
The Cambridge University Press will
shortly issue Dr. J. L. E. Dreyer's ' History
of the Planetary Systems from Thales to
Kepler.' The book embodies an attempt
to trace the history of man's conception of
the universe from the earUest tunes to the
completion of the Copernican system.
Messrs. Duckworth & Co. are issuing
immediately ' The British Woodlice,' a
monograph of the terrestrial Isopod Crus-
tacea occurring in the British Islands, by
Mr. Wilfred M. Webb and Mr. Charles
Sillem. Twenty-five plates and fifty-nine
figures will be included in the text, the
substance of which lias appeared in The
Essex Naturalist.
The Geological Society will this year
award its medals and funds as follows : the
Wollaston Medal to Dr. Henry Woodward ;
the Murchison Medal to Mr. C. T. Clough ;
the Lyell Medal to Prof. F. D. Adams, of
Montreal ; and the Prestwich Medal to Mr.
William Whitaker. The Wollaston Fund
goes to Dr. F. L. Kitchin ; the Murchison
Fund to Mr. Herbert Lapworth ; the Lyell
Fund to Mr. W. G. Fearnsides and Mr.
R. H. Solly ; and the Barlow-Jameson
Fund to Mr. H. C. Beasley.
The new and fully equipped laboratories
in connexion with Edinburgh University, it
is expected, will be formally opened in the
spring.
Some particulars are given in the Indian
papers of the adventurous journey from
China to India, via Tibet, of Count de
Lesdain and his wife. Leaving China
proper, they entered the Gobi desert, and,
after making a circuit round Koko Nor,
reached the salt swamps of Tsaidam. They
next visited the sources of the Yangtse,
and during this stage of their journey
entered a region absolutely without inhabi-
tants. For seven weeks they did not
encounter a single human being. In another
part of their journey they traversed a mud
plateau nearly 20,000 feet high, and lost
all their baggage animals but six during
the crossing. They then passed a succession
of lakes until they came to Tengri Nor, and
on reaching the Sanchu river they followed
its valley to a point near Shigatse, which,
however, they did not visit. They con-
tinued their route into India by Gyantse
and the Chumbi valley. The Tibetans
were friendly throughout the journey, and
the travellers attributed this attitude to
the good effect of the Younghusband expe-
dition.
It is reported that, besides the comet
mentioned in our ' Science Gossip ' on the
23rd ult. as having been discovered at Flag-
staff, another was afterwards noticed on
the same plate. But no further information
has been received of either of these bodies ;
nor has the redetection of Barnard's peri-
odical comet of 1892 been confirmed. The
strong moonlight this week has made
cometary observations difficult.
We have received the twelfth number
(with the index) of vol. xxxiv. of the
Memorie della Societd degli Spettroscopisti
Italiani, which contains the completion of
Signor Bemporad's paper on the theory of
astronomical refraction ; a note by Prof.
Ricco on the international scheme for
co-operation in solar research ; and a con-
tinuation of the spectroscopic images of
the sun's limb to the end of 1903.
A new small planet was photographically
discovered by Prof. Max Wolf at the Konig-
stuhl Observatory, Heidelberg, on the night
of the 17th ult.
FINE ARTS
COLOUR BOOKS.
India, by Mortimer Menpes ; text by
Flora Annie Steel, is a volume of Messrs.
A. & C. Black's series illustrated in colour,
of which it may be said that, ordinarily,
the chief attraction lies in the sketches. If
they are artistic and pleasing, the text is of
minor importance. But that cannot be
affirmed in the present case, for the reading
is at least as attractive as the illustrations,
whilst the balance of profit lies with the
text. The sketches, which are undoubtedly
clever, vary considerably in merit and in
suitability for reproduction by the method
employed. In la general way it may be
said that the cleaner the colouring the
better is the plate or illustration ; but
clean work does not necessarily involve
crude work. As a rule the yellows are too
purely gamboge in character, a shade by
no means predominant in India. What
we mean may be seen in ' A Street Corner,
Peshawur,' and in ' A Woman at the Well,
Jeypore'; the > greenish yellow pervades
the picture. The buffaloes and figures in
'Leisure Hours' are drawn with great
fidelity.
Mrs. Steel's work, as indicated, is excel-
lent ; from her sketch of the country, the
people, their religions, arts and crafts,
buildings, &c, enough may be learnt to
provide the average reader with material
for conversation on the subject of our
great dependency, with the comfortable
feeling that so long as he keeps within her
limits he is reasonably safe.
The Casentino and its Story. By Ella
Noyes ; illustrated in Colour and Lme by
Dora Noyes. (Dent & Co.)— If it be true
that modern travelling, with its time-saving
appliances of fast trains, through tickets, and
guide-books, and its dutiful adherence to
the beaten tracks of the world, has in great
measure ruined the romance of pilgrimage,
it is at least a comfort to know that there
are still wanderers, with no particular time
to save, nor desire to cling to the mam roads
of sightseeing, who can linger lovingly about
the retreats of reminiscence, and relate m
sympathy what thev have seen and learnt,
for the benefit of those who will rather read
than run. There is just this sense of sym-
pathy— not aggressive nor insistent, but
gracious and delightful— in this book about
the Casentino. It* story of 'The \ alley
Enclosed ' is a pleasure to read, as it takes
us hither and thither, from place to place
and from time to time, from the service of
the sword and the Cross in the Middle Ages
to the utterly simple life and worship of
the contadini to-dav. The central chapter
is naturallv devoted to 'The Rock of San
Franceaso ; : and shows a deep conscious-
ness of the peculiar sanctity which has clung
ever to La Yerna. The next chapter,
' Dante in the Valley." is also full of interest
for all who would study the mood and the
verse of the great Florentine in exile.
5(5
Til E A Til EN -Kl M
\ hi.si, Jan. 13, 1906
The cult m rid illustrations are really beauti-
ful: whatever the subject a glimpse oi
lulls and lull i"w H-. a sweep of river, a
village itreet, an interior of church or house.
■ vintage scene the artist baa invented i1
with an atmosphere rich in breadth and
dignity, in warmth and simplicity, which
teatifiee it- own faithfulness to the tjcvi its loci.
But waa il ool a pity to print 'Eons Sarni' in
a frontispiece representing the source ol the
Arno '.' The little black-and-white drawings
are helpful as to details ; and the map is
clear, but. alas ! it has no scale. The
preface contains a few hints about ways and
inns.
THE NEW CALLEHY.
Thi: International Society has never had
a more interesting show than that now to
be seen at the New Gallery. Nor has the
Gallery itself ever been seen to such advant-
age. The impression on entering the hall
is that of wonder how such simple means as
have been taken should produce such an
extraordinary change. The hall lflas good
proportions, which were previously obscured
by garish ornament and colour, and the
present tenants, by taking out the coloured
glass and covering the walls and the balcony
with plain white hangings, have given it an
unexpected dignity and grace. Against the
dull w'hite of the background the sculpture
shows to perfection. We appreciate the
relief without the fiercely accented contour
which newly cut white marble has upon a
dark or uneven background. A few bay-
trees placed among the sculpture relieve
the monotony, and give a perfectly just
accent to the whole scheme of decoration.
The resulting impression is so agreeable
that the critic is almost in danger of being
misled into the idea that the hall is filled
with masterpieces. This it is not, but
nevertheless the average is extremely high —
higher than in any exhibition of modern
sculpture which we remember to have seen
in London. Along one wall are arranged a
series of bronzes by Meunier, a posthumous
tribute to his talent we welcome, consider-
ing how little in his lifetime he was seen
and appreciated in England. None of these,
perhaps, impresses one as showing a great
creative genius, but, on the other hand,
none fails of a fine scholarship and a genuine,
if somewhat derivative feeling for plastic
design. Among the most striking are the
Femme du Peuple (No. 15) and the Min eur
a la Lanterne (32). Then there is Mr. E. P.
Warren's version of Rodin's Le Baiser (1),
a marble replica which scarcely does more
than indicate the great beauty of the design.
The surface quality seems to us dull and
mechanical when compared with the Paolo
and Francesco (69), in which one notes the
peculiar atmospheric quality of surface
which M. Rodin has aimed at so success-
fully in his later marbles. This is a work
which strains at the limits of plastic expres-
sion, so completely are all accents and
divisions of planes suppressed, so entirely
is the appeal made by the direct effect of a
complex and elusive, but wonderfully sus-
tained rhythm.
There are two important works by M.
Bartholome : an almost classic Jeune Fille
se coiffant (2), and a colossal Adam
and Eve (3) which is much more rugged
and realistic, but with the particular note
of pathos which one associates with the
artist admirably expressed. Indeed, if we
may trust a first impression, we have never
seen anything by him so masterly and so
nearly approaching to a real sense of style.
Two exhibits by an artist whose work we
have never noticed before, M. Hoetger,
seem to us axtremeli interesting. One is a
nude torso (-Jtili. baa other a head (53).
Tli<-\ both show Strong reminiscence- i>t
sarh art the lirst of Greek, the second oi
Gothic The torso, in tact, has something
ot the archaistie effect of the SgUBea ascribed
fee I'asitele-. |,ut with a vigour and vitality
which one does not usually associate with
such stylistic essays. It is impossible to
speak with assurance from such a limited
acquaintance with an artist's work, but we
are inclined to expect much from M. Hoetjjer
in t he future.
Another young artist, .Mr. Paul Martlett,
exhibits a great many small bronzes, which
range over a variety of subjects. He shows
a strong feeling for the decorative possi-
bilities of bronze, and great technical skill
in his control of the surface quality, the
colour and patina of his little pieces. In
fact, he has set himself to emulate the per-
fection of Oriental bronzes, but he appears
to us at present to be almost entirely experi-
menting, and more the ingenious craftsman
than the creative artist. This, however, is
one method of approach to great art, and
one too little in favour in modern times,
so that we welcome this attempt to find
out the secrets of the material of expression.
Mr. Charles Ricketts, who is perhaps the
most varied and accomplished technician in
England, has of late turned his attention
also to sculpture, and his bronzes have
appeared from time to time in small exhibi-
tions. Nothing that we have seen so far
comes up to the level of the small figure of
Silence (52). The form has great beauty
and unity of silhouette, and the drapery is
disposed with Mr. Ricketts's intense and
instinctive feeling for rhythm. The fact
that it is so entirely draped is in its favour,
for he appears to us to treat the nude
in sculpture too much in the wilful and
a priori method which drapery alone permits.
— Mr. Wells continues to do excellent work,
though his range of feeling and invention
is strictly limited. His statuette of a Wood-
cutter (60) is perhaps a sign of new develop-
ment ; while his First Steps (59) is the most
masterly variation he has made of his usual
theme. — We have never seen anything so
serious and accomplished by Mr. Tweed as
the head of Old Netvman (44) ; and Mr.
Stirling Lee's portrait head (12) is admirable
as treatment of marble, though a little want-
ing in the sense of style.
We have dwelt thus at length upon the
sculpture because it seems to us much
more significant, so far as contemporary
effort goes, than the painting in the adjoining
galleries. The real interest of the paintings
centres round the pictures contributed from
the Bernheim collection in the North Room,
and many of these are by deceased masters,
some of whom, like Manet, have already
taken on the air of Old Masters. Here,
indeed, certain aspects of the Impressionist
School are seen as never before in London.
There were, it is true, a few of M. Cezanne's
works at the Durand Ruel exhibition in
the Grafton Gallery, but nothing which gave
so definite an idea of his peculiar genius
as the Nature Morte (199) and the Pay sage
(205) in this gallery. From the ' Nature
Morte ' one gathers that Cezanne goes back
to Manet, developing one side of his art to
its furthest limits. Manet himself had more
than a little of the primitive about him,
and in his early work, so far from diluting
local colour by exaggerating its accidents,
he tended to state it with a frankness and
force that remind one of the elder Breughel.
His Tete de Femme (188) in this gallery is
an example of such a method, and Cezanne's
' Nature Morte ' pushes it further. The
white of the napkin and the delicious grey
of the pewter have as much the quality of
positive and mteii-e local colour as the vivid
green of the earthaovwars j and the whole
r— tod With insistence on the decorative
\ allies of these opposition-. Light and shade
are subordinated entirely to this aim. Where
the pat tern requires it . the shadow b or white
an pamted black, with total indifference to
those laws ol appearance which the scientific
irony of the Impressionist School has pro-
claimed to be eSBi ntial. in the ' I'aysage '
we find the same wilful opposition of local
colours, the same decorative intention ; but
with this goes a (piite extraordinary feeling
for light. The sky and its reflection in the
pool are rendered as never before in land-
si ape art. with an absolute illusion of the
planes of illumination. The sky recedes
miraculously behind the hill-side, answered
by the inverted concavity of lighted air in
the pool. And this is effected without any
chiaroscuro — merely by a perfect instinct
for the expressive quality of tone values.
We confess to having been hitherto sceptical
about Cezanne's genius, but these two pieces
reveal a power which is entirely distinct
and personal, and though the artist's appeal
is limited, and touches none of the finer
issues of the imaginative life, it is none the
less complete.
Renoir is here seen almost as well as at
Durand Ruel's. He, indeed, represents the
antithesis to Cezanne in his mode of expres-
sion. Here local colour counts for nothing,
and silhouette is everywhere lost in a mist
of hatched strokes ; but from this mist there
emerges an undeniable impression of life
and of a curious lyrical sentiment. Le Bal
(203) and the Paysage (212) are both, in
their curiously realistic way, poetical. —
By Degas there are two pieces which show
his extraordinary power. One, the Savoisi-
enne (209), might almost be overlooked at
a first glance, so matter-of-fact, almost
commonplace, is the general effect. But
a longer study reveals beneath the tight,
unemphatic presentment a supreme mastery
of modelling, a classic perception of pure
form. The other, Les Blanchisseuses (204),
is more interesting and more dramatic,
though here, too, that intellectual aloofness
which characterizes Degas's attitude is
apparent. The strange and uninviting
colouring of this study does in the end
resolve itself into a clearly intentional and
deliberate harmony.
The other Impressionists — Monet, Sisley,
and Pissarro — scarcely interest us so much,
and the examples shown add nothing to
what is familiar to all English amateurs.
On the other hand, Forain has never been
seen so well as a painter in this country.
Daumier is clearly the point of departure
for his art : his satire is finer, more malicious,
but infinitely less genial and human. But
for all that one would not miss the fine dis-
crimination of types, the sharp and delicate
certainty of touch, seen in such a piece as
Les Avocats (195). — Besides the picture we
have mentioned, Manet is represented by a
delightful little seapiece, Le Bain (184), two
figures on the seashore, and by a large
canvas, Le Linge (177), a woman and child
by a washtub in an orchard. Nothing can
be imagined more full of life and colour
than the child, with its doll-like stiffness
of pose and its bright intense eyes, or more
genial than the figure of the woman. It is
an idyllic genre piece, painted not in the
style one usually associates with such, but
with a large generalization of form and a
bluntly direct statement of the central
facts, such as might in other times and in
other intellectual circumstances have made-
a great heroic composition. Here, as always
with Manet, however much the accidental
facts of plein air painting may seem to
have occupied his attention, he really has
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
57
larger conceptions in view ; unlike Monet,
he is always the artist first and a naturalist
by the way.
It is inevitable, with such interesting and
already historic material in the exhibition,
that the work of contemporary British
painters should be somewhat overshadowed.
And indeed, for the most part, the pictures
shown here have rather negative than
positive merits. Admirably and spaciously
hung as they are, they produce, with their
discreet tonality and non-committal state-
ments, a very agreeable impression ; but
the more one examines them, the less one
finds of sustained and decided interest.
Mr. Strang has made an heroic attempt in
his Sea Pool (147) at clearness and gaiety
of colour ; but the composition of the two
figures has an abstract and theoretical air,
the despair of the nude figure being as in-
explicable as the vehement straining of her
companion under the weight of a loose piece
of 'drapery.
Mr. C. Shannon sends an important
picture, the Mill Pond (222), which we feel
ought to move us more than it does. Here
again the composition is extremely learned ;
it shows the subtlest refinements, the most
careful rejections of the obvious. And yet
from this deep research no motive that is
directly inteUigible to us emerges. We
recognize and admire the intention, and
yet we scarcely find ourselves sharing the
mood. The same artist's other work, a
portrait of The Hon. Mrs. Goldmann (140),
has a delicate grace and a refined interpreta-
tion of character ; but the want of relief,
either plastic or decorative, becomes pain-
fully apparent on this large scale.
Mr. Ricketts's Good Samaritan (224) is
very powerful and largely handled in its
design, and, although it is almost too remi-
niscent of Daumier, has a certain intimacy
and tenderness in the conception of the
two figures (particularly in the wounded
man's head) which make it a personal and
genuine interpretation of the drama. As
usual in Mr. Ricketts's paintings, the land-
scape is entirely abstract, yet is not only
very beautifully painted, but also singularly
right in its relation to the theme. His other
picture, The Expulsion of Heliodorus (153),
is the most unreserved fantasia he has
hitherto painted. Here Delacroix replaces
Daumier as the point of departure, though
this influence is overlaid by many others,
not the least of which is that of Mr. Ricketts's
own earher style of linear design, which
lias hitherto not made itself felt in his paint-
ing. The action is vehement, but not exactly
clear, except for the delightfully witty inven-
tion of the priest creeping towards the fallen
figure to recover the treasure, even before
his celestial protectors have completed their
triumph.
ARCH^OLOGICAL XOTES.
The thoughtful article by M. de Morgan
in the current number of the Recueil de
Travaux is full of interest not onljr for
Assyriologists, but also for all those who
have endeavoured to trace man's earliesl
efforts to preserve inscribed records for the
use of posterity. He tells us that, of the
three separate systems of early writing
known to us, the Egyptian hieroglyphics
were speedily debased by the use of more
tractable materials than the stone or wood
on which they wore originally carved, until
they lost all but a distant resemblance bo
the original characters; while the Chinese,
from a similar cause, became mere groups of
commas arranged in a conventional order.
On the other hand, the writers of cuneiform,
having in the clay used by them a medium
occupying a middle place between the
excessively hard stone and the easily stained
papyrus or paper, preserved more com-
pletely in their cursive writing the trace
of the original pictographs than did the
Egyptians or Chinese ; and M. de Morgan
thinks that he is able to reconstitute some
of these on the tablets of uncertain age dis-
covered by him at Susa, which he calls
proto-Elamite. Thus he thinks he can
identify in the groups of wedges the repre-
sentation of different forms of pottery, of
plants, of forks, combs, and axes, and of
harps, bows, and arrows, besides some
more doubtful animal forms. The instru-
ment used for producing these was, in his
opinion, a style of prismatic form ending
in a triangular point. The source of the
clay used is still problematical, as he found
by experiment that that actually existing
in the country is unfit for the purpose,
having too great a proportion of sand to
bake or dry well.
Another notable work by the same author
is that just published on ' Les Recherches
Archeologiques,' which seems to have origin-
ally appeared in the enterprising publication
called La Revue des Idees. He here marks
the distinction between the Babylonian and
the Egyptian records, in that the first
named were consciously historical and were
written for the sake of posterity, while the
last give, as the others do not, scenes from
the daily life of the people. He thinks, too,
that many of the facts of Babylonian history
may be explained by the theory that the
different provinces of Mesopotamia were at
one time separated from each other by
great tracts of water ; and he throws
some doubt upon the generally received
notion that the Egyptian fellah is a better
workman for explorers than the Chaldean
Arab. Having tried many different
races, he comes to the conclusion that a
few Greek or Italian "navvies" would do
more work than several times their
number of Orientals, and it is not im-
possible that such gangs may in time be
organized. He also gives detailed instruc-
tions for the systematic attack on the site
of an ancient town or village, and even
suggests several such as likely to yield a
profitable crop of antiquities ; while he
concludes with a dissertation upon ancient
mines, quarries, and lines of communication,
with many practical hints on the conveyance
and preservation of objects discovered, and
some brief remarks on the best means of,
publication. If he is a little too much in-
clined to counsels of perfection, the book
is yet one that no working archaeologist can
safely neglect.
The annual Archaeological Report of the
Egypt Exploration Fund is now out. The
chief article is M. Xaville and Mr. Hall's
account of their work at Deir el-Bahari, and
is well illustrated by photographs. Much
shorter articles by Mr. Xathan Davies, Prof.
Petrie, and Drs. Grenfell and Hunt on the
different works entrusted to them follow ;
and then comes Mr. Griffith's record of
Egyptological work during the past year.
which forms, as usual, rather dry reading.
He is, however, unexpectedly sound in his
remarks upon the attempts of the German
professors Dr. Mahler, Or. Meyer, and Dr.
Sethe to " settle," arbitrarily and in a
pontifical manner, the lines of Egyptian
chronology, and suggests that there are pos-
sibly factors in the- problem yet unrevealed
which may upset all previous calculations.
The reports of Mr. Garstang, Mr. Weigall,
M. Legrain, and Mr. Quibell are incorporated
with this part of the Report, and form, with
Mrs. Petrie's storyof the work of the Egyptian
Research Account, a tolerably complete
record of the excavations of the past year.
Many of the publications reviewed have
already been noticed in The Athenceum ;
but this part of the work is well and care-
fully done, and with a more evident striving
after impartial criticism than was noticeable
in former years. The chapter on Graeco-
Roman Egypt by Dr. Kenyon is. as visual,
a model of what such work should be, but
calls for no special remark ; while in Mr.
Crum's equally excellent chapter on Chris-
tian Egypt we can only notice a very brief,
but sharp and just criticism of some recent
work of M. Revillout. We are sorry to
notice that the chapter on Arab Egypt has
this year dropped out.
It is reported that the excavators under
the direction of the Service des Antiquites
at Zawat el-Aryan, near Abusir, have brought
to light a magnificent tomb of a king of the
second dynasty, but details are lacking.
Otherwise little of the result of this season's
exploration has yet reached this country.
At Deir el-Bahari the work seems to have
been confined to the tracing of architectural
details, but M. Xaville is now on his way
thither, and his arrival will no doubt give
things an impetus. Prof. Petrie is reported
to be at Tell el-Yahudiyeh. but, so far. to
have found nothing. Mr. Ayrton, on the
other hand, working for Mr. Theodore Davis
at Biban'el Moluk, is said to have discovered
the mummy of Siptah Mineptah.
A disagreeable instance of the " ratten-
ing " propensities of a certain class of
German professor has come to light in the
attack lately delivered by Prof. Seybold, of
Tubingen, upon our countryman Mr. Evetts's
' History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria,'
now in course of publication. Prof. Seybold,
in a letter to the Revue Critique, lately
accused Mr. Evetts of plagiarism, of being
a very poor Arabic scholar, of not knowing
a word of Coptic, and of other high archaeo-
logical crimes and misdemeanours. In a
reply to this, which lias necessitated the
publication of a special supplement to the
review named. M. Xau takes up the cudgels
in defence of Mr. Evetts. and shows, with
chapter and verse, that it is Prof. Seybold,
and not Mr. Evetts, who is in fault. His
concluding remark is that there are about
Arabia thousands of camel-men and donkey-
drivers who are better acquainted with
Arabic grammar and literature than the
professor who thus takes upon himself to
lecture others. As will be seen from this
specimen, Dr. Xau does not mince matters.
A careful series of articles by Mr. E. X.
Gardiner, in The Journal of Hellenic Studies.
on ' Greek Wrestling,' deserves more ex-
tended notice than we can at present give
to it, but the likeness of some of the " locks "
here figured to those used in the Japanese
jiu-jitsu may be mentioned.
3finr-Art (Gossip.
•
Last Monday Mr. Edward Stott, painter,
and Mr. F. Vv. Pomeroy, Bculptor, were
elected Associates of the Royal Academy :
and Mr. Frank Short and Mr. William
Strang. Associate-Engravers.
On Tuesday evening Mr. Solomon J.
Solomon, painter, was made K.A. ; and
Herr Josef Israels, painter, and Mr. Augus-
tus Saint Gaudens, sculptor, were elected
Honorary Foreign Academicians.
Tin: Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society
hold the private view of their eighth -how
to-day.
The late Mr. Staate Forbes formed a
collection of over a hundred examples of
drawings in chalk and charcoal bj Jean
58
THE ATII EN .KUM
X-4081, Jan. !■'*, 1906
l-'nmcois Millet. This is shortly to be dis-
persed, and has been placed in the hands
of Messrs. Ernest Brown & Phillips, who
will exhibit it in the Leicester Galleries,
Leicester Square, for about four weeks from
Monday next. The famous pastel of 'The
elus ' will be on show, also several
finished chalk drawings of subjects which
Millet never painted in oils.
At the Leicester Galleries are also being
shown from to-day onwards French illus-
trated books of the eighteenth century, and
a series of water-colours entitled ' Idylls
of the Country,' by Mr. W. Lee Hankey.
The spring exhibition of the Royal Scot-
tish Academy will open on the 27th inst.
The works on loan include pictures by
Mr. E. A. Abbey, R.A., Mr. J. S. Sargent,
R.A., Mr. J. M. Swan, R.A., Mr. Mark
Fisher, and Mr. E. Stott, A.R.A.
The first Leighton House exhibition of
works by artists resident in Kensington —
who include Mr. J. D. Batten, Miss E. F.
Brickdale, Mr. Walter Crane, Mr. A. Drury,
A.R.A., Mr. Holman Hunt, Mr. John Lavery,
Mr. C. Ricketts, Mr. C. H. Shannon, Mr.
Byam Shaw, Mr. Hamo Thornycroft, R.A.,
and others — wdll be held from Monday next
until the end of March.
Fob more than a hundred years there
has been a Scottish School of Painting.
Raeburn and Wilkie gave this school its
characteristics ; and these two, together
with many others connected with the
history of art in Scotland, will be dealt
with by Mr. William D. McKay in ' The
Scottisli School of Painting,' which is in
preparation for Messrs. Duckworth's well-
known " Red Series."
The death of Mr. Harrison W. Weir on
Thursday last week, at the age of eighty-
one, removes a veteran whose gifts as a
draughtsman and animal painter were more
widely appreciated in earlier days than now.
He was one of the original staff of The
Illustrated London News, and one of the
most prolific of supporters of illustrated
journalism in general. He was a pioneer in
accurate drawing from nature, and many
readers now no longer young will remember
with pleasure his ' Animal Stories, Old and
New,' ' Our Cats, and all about Them,'
' Bird Stories,' and other volumes which
included engravings with his familiar signa-
ture. ' Our Poultry, and all about Them,'
was the work of which he was most proud,
and on which he lavished many years of
labour. He began exhibiting oil pictures
in 1843, and showed such work frequently
at the Society of British Artists and the
Royal Academy.
The reviewer of Mr. Holman Hunt's book
writes : —
"I find that, by a slip which I unfortunately
had not the opportunity of correcting, I wrote
'Delacroix !' instead of 'Delaroohe!' in my review.
It is needless to say that both my criticism and my
exclamation mark would have ceased to apply had
Delaroohe been correct."
Mr. W. Barclay Squire writes : —
"It may be worth pointing out that the Duke
of Northumberland's 'Portrait Group' by W.
Dohson (No. 105), now exhibited at Burlington
House, is incorrectly described in the Catalogue.
The figure on the left, in white satin, holding a
sketch in his hand, represents Sir Balthazar
Gerbier, and not Dohson, as stated in the Cata-
logue. The central figure, dressed in red, is that
of the painter. Reference to the ages of Gerbier,
Dohson, and Cotterell should have been sufficient
to correct the misdescription."
We referred in these columns on Febru-
ary 18th, 1905, to the fact that Mr. Charles
Freer, of Detroit, had offered bis collection
of pictures to the I " r i 1 1 < . 1 States; but for
some reason the Smithsonian authorities at
Washington seem reluctant to accept this
princely gift, which includes a building to
cost half a million dollars, and so the offer
may be withdrawn. As is well known, the
strength of the collection lies in the Whistlers.
The pictures are valued at over 000,000
dollars.
A commission has been formed in Paris
for the purpose of promoting a law with
regard to the " droits des artistes sur leurs
ceuvres pendant leur vie et cinquante ans
apres leur mort." The Minister of Public
Instruction and Fine Arts is in favour of
some such law, particularly with regard to
rights of reproduction. There are, however,
obvious objections to any such scheme.
The Italian nation has presented M.
Loubet with an interesting souvenir of his
official visit to Rome in the form of a picture
depicting an incident in that journey by a
young Italian artist, Joseph Aprea, who
is only twenty-seven years of age. This
artist has already obtained several successes.
In 1895 he exhibited at Milan a picture
called ' Mater Afflictorum,' which attracted
a great deal of notice. One of his pictures,
' The Dying Christ,' was purchased by the
Italian Government, and is now in the
Gallery of Modern Art at Naples. In 1904
the Government purchased another of his
pictures, ' Love and Psyche,' for 24,000 lire.
'MUSIC
LONDON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA
IN PARIS.
The decision of the London Symphony
Orchestra to give two concerts in Paris
was a bold one, for although it is undoubt-
edly a fine body of players, the French
capital can also boast of good orchestras.
Then, again, the programmes contain several
British works, and it cannot be said that
the Parisians have hitherto shown any
eagerness to become acquainted with our
home produce. But the visits of French
orchestras and French conductors to London
have shown that between the two countries
there has been for some time an entente
cordiale in musical as well as political
matters ; and it is pleasant to note that
at the concerts in question all the orchestral
numbers, except one, are being performed
under the direction of M. Andre Messager
and M. Edouard Colonne.
The concerts are being given with the
assistance of three hundred picked members
of the Leeds Musical Festival, and, as
eminent foreign critics have acknowledged,
the Continent has no choir equal to it.
Union is strength, and the London Sym-
phony Orchestra plus the Leeds singers
makes, we imagine, success doubly sure.
It may be noted that this is not the first
visit of an English choir to Paris. Mr.
Joseph Proudman, who may be regarded
as a pioneer in such undertakings, took
over a Tonic Sol-fa choir. There was a
competi^'on at the International Exhibition
of 1867, but the choir, being a mixed one,
was excluded ; its singing, however, at-
tracted special notice, and a prize was
awarded to it by the Emperor Napoleon.
Then in 1878 a programme entirely devoted
to " English " music — a, term too narrow
for some of the composers represented —
was given -under the direction of Sir Arthur
Sullivan, with the assistance of Henry
Leslie and his choir. Of the concert one
French critic remarked : " There are fine
things and charming pages in that Music
of which we know so little." Orlando
Gibbons, Purcell, and Samuel Wesley were
each represented by their best music ; of
modern composers there were G. A. Mac-
farren, Balfe, Sterndale Bennett, Vincent
Wallace, and Sullivan. Virtually only two
of these names — Balfe and Sullivan — are
now seen on concert programmes. Gibbons
and Wesley still stand for what is noble in
British musical sacred art. It was perhaps
wise on the present occasion not to devote
the whole of the programmes to British
music, and yet on such a rare occasion not
only would it have been pardonable, but
also a much more comprehensive scheme
might have been drawn up, including speci-
mens of rising composers.
The first concert took place on Wednesday
afternoon. M. Loubet was present, and
there was a large and appreciative audience,
comprising many distinguished French mu-
sicians. ' La Marseillaise ' opened the first
part, and though the Leeds Choir sang with
good will, the tone of the voices was some-
what disappointing ; this was through no
fault of the singers, but they were placed
right at the back of the stage, and there
was a consequent lack of brilliancy. This
wyas still more perceptible in their rendering
of Sir Hubert Parry's setting of ' Blest Pair
of Sirens ' ; it did not excite the same
enthusiasm that it does when sung at Leeds
— we refer to the singing, quite apart from
the stately setting of the words. As this,
with the exception of ' La Marseillaise,' was
the only number in the first part in which
the Leeds Choir was engaged, the great
reputation which it enjoys must have
seemed to many of the audience somewhat
exaggerated. But in Bach's unaccompanied
motet for double choir " Singet dem Herrn
ein neues Lied " the singers, by their fine
rendering of the very difficult music, roused
the enthusiasm of the audience. It was
altogether a grand performance. They had
further opportunity of showTing their power
in " The horse and his rider " from ' Israel
in Egypt ' ; and in our National Anthem,
with which the concert ended.
M. Andre Messager conducted Saint -
Saens's symphonic poem ' Phaeton ' ; Sulli-
van's dainty ' Dance of Nymphs and Shep-
herds ' from ' The Tempest ' music by which
the composer first made a name ; Sir
Alexander Mackenzie's expressive ' Bene-
dictus,' and Dr. Cowen's clever Scherzo
from his ' Scandinavian ' Symphony ; also
Strauss's ' Don Juan ' and Wagner's ' Die
Meistersinger ' Overture.
The fine playing of the London Symphony
Orchestra was much admired. Sir Charles
Villiers Stanford conducted the Parry ode,
the Bach motet, and the Handel chorus,
and he had every reason to be pleased with
the reception given both to him and to the
choir. He appeared, too, as a composer,
and conducted with success the Andante
and Finale from his ' Irish ' Symphony, one
of his ablest works. Of the second concert
we shall speak next week.
I&ustral (Oasstp.
Miss Vera Warwick-Evans, a young
violinist who has been trained at the Royal
College of Music, gave a recital at Steinway
Hall last Tuesday evening. She has a well-
developed technique, and her performances
of such exacting compositions as Bach's
' Chaconne ' and Joachim's ' Variations *
proved satisfactory both as regards exe-
cutive skill and insight into the require-
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
59
merits of the music. Miss Warwick-Evans
evidently possesses strong musical feeling.
When Mozart as a boy visited Italy,
Hasse, the most popular and the most
influential opera composer of the day, is
said to have declared that " the boy will
soon throw us all into the shade." An inter-
esting article, ' II Ragazzo Mozard,' signed
Dr. Carl Mennicke, in the first January
number of Die Musik, gives some letters
by Hasse addressed to his friend Abate
-Giovanni Maria Ortes, to which attention
was first drawn by G. M. Urbani de Gheltof
some years back. In the first (Septem-
ber 30th, 1769) Hasse speaks of having
made the acquaintance of " Herr Mozard "
and his talented boy, whom he proclaims
a "wonder," but fears he will be spoilt by
his father's flattery. In a later letter
{March 2nd, 1771) he again refers to some
well-meant, though foolish conduct on the
part of the father, but adds : "I have,
nevertheless, such a good opinion of the
boy so gifted by nature, that I hope, in
spite of the father's influence, he will not
fail, but become ' un brav' uomo.' ' From
some such remark must have come the
saying above mentioned.
A second opera festival will be held at
Sheffield from February 26th to March 3rd.
Eight performances will be given by the
Moody-Manners Company, the list of operas
including ' Figaro,' ' Flying Dutchman,'
[ Tristan,' ' Siegfried,' ' Carmen,' ' Eugen
Onegin,' ' Philemon and Baucis,' and ' Grey-
steel,' a new opera by Nicholas Gatty.
The next novelty at the Paris Opera
Gomique will be M. Camille Erlanger's
| Aphrodite.' The libretto, by M. Louis de
Gramont, is based on the novel by Pierre
Louys, which appeared about ten years ago
in the Mercure de France.
The death is announced of Edouard Blau,
who wrote many libretti, including those of
r Eselarmonde,' " ' Le Cid,' ' Le Roi d'Ys,'
and ' Werther ' ; and also the words of
■Cesar Franck's symphonic poem ' La Re-
demption.'
The death is announced of the stage
singer Gabrielle Krauss, in her sixty-fourth
year. She was born at Vienna, and studied
at the Conservatorium of that city, making
her debut there, at the age of eighteen, in
Rosaini's ' William Tell.' She took part in
Gounod's ' Polyeucte ' and ' Sapho,' and in
Saint-Saens's ' Henri VIII.,' when these
operas were produced at Paris.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Sin.
Fumlay Society Concert, 8.30, Queen's Hall.
Bandar League Concert, 7, Queen's Hall
,li-- I Uraxendale's Concert. X. Stein war Hall,
liss Ethel Leginska - Pianoforte Recital, 3, Bechetein Hall.
Tin as London leailemv of M u~i. Concert. », Steinwav Mill
Fbi. Miss Hilda Barnes s Violin Rei it.il, H SO. IV, h-t. in Hall.
Madame Ethel Hueonin - Voi al Kccital. S, .Eoliari Hall.
Mr. Lomond - Pianoforte Rei ital, 3, Bechstein Hall.
Mozart v'" iet j . S, Portman Rooms.
Hvmphonv Concert, 3, Queen » Hall
rrence Kellie - Song Rei ital, 3 30, Steinwaj Hall.
DRAMA
THE WEEK.
Imperial. — The Harlequin King : a " Mas-
querade " in Four Acts. By Rudolph
Lothar. Adapted by Louis N. Parker
and Selwyn Brinton.
Not wholly pleasant to the occupant is
sometimes the " fierce light that beats
upon a throne." In The Maid's Tragedy '
of Beaumont and Fletcher, Charles II.
. not unnaturally disapproved of the assas-
sination by Evadne of the monarch whose
mistress she had been, fearing, it is sup-
posed, that the act might establish an evil
precedent. An altered termination was
accordingly substituted by Edmund Waller
for that which had displeased the
Court. With a certain difference, history
repeats itself, and ' The Harlequin King '
of Herr Lothar — which shows a supposed
monarch beguiled, with a purpose of
murder, into the bedroom of an actress
whose honour he has attempted — though
it has been given in various German
country towns, and has reached Paris and
London, has been prohibited in Vienna
and Berlin. Something more than a mere
example of attempted regicide lies at the
root of ' The Harlequin King.' The
purpose of the original piece is in the main
satirical, and the conditions attendant upon
royalt}7, as the word is understood in a
country where the established government
is supposed to be " despotism tempered by
assassination," are depicted with a cynic-
ism so frank that apprehension may well be
begotten. What the adapters can do to
diminish the crudity of the treatment has
been done. As much pageantry as the sub-
ject can receive is introduced ; a mordant
satire is announced under the promising,
but misleading description of a '' masque-
rade " ; and such sentimental aspects as
the play presents are shown " for all they
are worth." Nothing, however, of a
masquerade is there. Histrionic exposi-
tion of passion and suffering is furnished.
Murder and adultery stalk through the
land. The shrine of Peor and that of
" Moloch homicide " are erected in the
same palace, " Lust hard by Hate." A
cowering, furtive figure presents itself, an
eidolon in the apparel of royalty ; but
the play has no more of masque or revel
than have the grim conceptions of the
danse macabre, and the proper title for the
piece might well be that anticipated by
Lovell Beddoes in ' Death's Jest Book.'
As romance, however, the whole was
accepted, and the more banal aspects of
the story pleased a public which its deeper
lessons would be slow to reach. Whether
the purpose which commended the theme
to Herr Lothar was the same which ani-
mated Hugo in writing ' Ruy Bias ' is
not clear. The analogy between the two
pieces is remarkable. In the latter we
see the queen of the most state -ridden
Court in Europe avowing openly her love
for a self-proclaimed lackey ; in the former
we find the government of a mediaeval
State lapsing into the hands of a profes-
sional mountebank.
Modified, and to a certain extent emas-
culated, as it is, the play stimulates, though
scarcely in a fashion that can be wholly
gratifying to the author. It is, moreover.
well played, from the standpoint accepted.
There is something Fechterlike about Mr.
Waller's performance of the Harlequin
raised, by an act of all-but-justifiable
homicide, fcp the throne. A charming,
but rather modern presentation of Colom-
bine is given by Miss Evelyn Millard. Mr.
Norman McKinnel acts with remarkable
breadth and virility as a species of Russian
grand duke, according to popular concep-
tions of that character ; and Miss Mary
Rorke as a blind queen shows admirable
style. The scenes — confined to the first
two acts — in which she appears convey
an idea of the influences of Maeterlinck. .
New Royalty. — French Comedy Season :
La Souris, en Trois Actes. Par Edouard
Pailleron. — Decore, Comedie en Trois
Actes. Par Henri Meilhac.
A promising start has been made by the
new Theatre Francais in London. Not
quite a masterpiece is ' La Souris of M.
Pailleron, but it is an agreeable, and, as
regards its main interest, idyllic work, and
is admirably acted. When first presented
at the Comedie Franchise on Novem-
ber 18th, 1887, it had a magnificent cast,
including M. Worms as the hero (its soli-
tary male character), Mile. Reichemberg
as the souris (so called on account of her
noiseless and shrinking ways), Miles.
Bartet, Broisat, Samary, and Celine
Montaland. In London M. Pierre Mag-
nier replaces M. Worms, acting in admir-
able style ; while Madame Rejane assigns
unexpected importance to the part of
Pepa Rimbault, a vulgar and passably
immodest product of Seville and Batig-
nolles. These parts were played to per-
fection, others being well interpreted by
Miles. Mareelle Lender and Suzanne Avril.
On the playbill are printed the dedicatory
lines addressed by M. Pailleron to Mile. X.:
De cette simple et tendre et chaste comedie
Vous etes l'heroine, et je vous la dedie.
Cest mi roman d'amour qui se passe entre nous,
Un tvve — pleio de vmis, mais ignore1 de vous, —
Car j'ai si bien cache ee que j'ai voulu (aire,
Que iiiuii leuvre au grand jour gardera bod mystere,
Et, nieine en la voyant, vims ne saurez jamais
Que e'est vous dont je parietal que je vous aimais.
It is scarcely theatrical criticism, but it is
a matter of considerable literary interest,
to point out the striking resemblance in
sentiment and expression between these
verses and a memorable sonnet of Felix
Arvers : —
Mon ame a son secret : ma vie a sun nivstere,
l*u amour eternel en un moment concu :
Le mal est san-- espoir aussi j'ai du le taire,
Kt eelle qui la fait n'a jamais rien su.
Helas ! j'aurai passe pies d'elle inapereu.
Toujours a ses cotes el pourtant solitaire :
Et j'aurai jusqu'au bout fait mon temps sur la terre,
N'osant rien demande et n'ayant rien recu.
Pour elle. quoique Dieu l'ait fait douce et tendre.
Kile suit son chemin, distraite et san- entendre
( !e murmure d'amour si iulevd [elev6! ] sur ses pas.
A l'austere devoir pieusement fidele,
Elle dira. lisant ses vers tout remplis d'elle.
"Quelle est (lone cette fellime';" et ne enm-
prendra pas.
We will consummate the impertinence
of the entire proceeding by venturing on
a free and inadequate rendering of the
sonnet in question : —
One sweet. sad secret holds my heart in thrall :
\ mighty love within my breast has grown,
Unseen, unspoken, and of uo one known :
And ut mj sweet, who gave it, least oi all.
Close as the shadow that doth by her fall
I walk beside her evei more alone,
Till to the end m\ wcaix days li.ive tli.wn.
With naught t.i hope, to wail tor, t" reoalL
For her, t li< »nurli God hath made her kind as sweet,
Selene she mOV68, QOr heat- &DOUt her teet
These waves <>t love which break and overflow.
Yea ' she will read these lines, where men may see
A whole ''••■ - longingB, marvelling, " Who is she
Thai nni' can move him?" and will never know.
T II i: A T II l.\ .1. I M
N K»81, Jan. l.'V 1
\\ j Mi -illiin- nluli- t any
aid from i
I i, , : • • . \
,a<l all the \Mt ami
<1 from tin- > loston
•i. in us blending <«f
mtliiiic tluit might almost be
<1 prurience, it might nave strayed
the pn nd one was
(lisjK.sril to -> iutim/i- u I u>t her theauthi
name might not be « 'harlee ( '-'IK- or < lauds
. ot tl<- Crebillon. At anj i
the i i miracle of veiled impropriety,
and "f suggestion which, in the band
Madame rw jane j"< - n> i urn) I"-
ealization. Madame Rejane was the
I in * hirh tin- intention of
tin- author MTins fully carried out. If
only for thr sake <>f contrast, we should
like • - i 'ii>i- m the role.
vt (,H i fi '.'In Iitt-rlude of
Youth.
Tin: English Drama Society, a body which
aims apparently at wearing the mantle of
defunct Mermaid Society on
Monday afternoon at the Great Queen
el Theatre a performance of 'The
Interlude of Youth,' an anonymous work
which amon- moralities came not very
fai aft ivmaii.' It has much in
common in subject, and a little in
tim-nt. with " Lusty .Inventus.' and is
written in verse of BOme flexibility. Not
quite the first time is it that the play has
n given for a solitary occasion. Its
interpreters choose to remain, like the
author of the play, anonymous. Their
performance, consisting mostly of pos-
turing and rec|tation,V was reverential
and imprec One or two further
presentations of a work which casts a
.lit tight upon mediaeval methods
Jit with advantage he attempted.
- . Jamxs's.- .! 9 )'"(/ Lih It.
much fragrance clings to ' As You
Like It * that no performance of it fails to
administer a large measure of delight.
atmosphere of Shakspeare's comedy
i- monopolized by Bhakspeare. It is a
land of enchantmenl in which, to use
I ' none durst walk save
he. That the performance given on
I teeday afternoon at the St. James's, and
ted, i1- ideal may not he said.
It may, however, be seen with pleasure.
Mi-- Lilian Braithwaite ae Rosalind, Miss
Lattice Fairfax a- Celia, Mr. Henry Ainlej
Orlando, Mr. Mollison as .Jacques, and
Mr. < L ;i r 1< - i - as Touchstone are in
the main satisfactory, and the whole must
hi- regarded ae i reditable.
Hamilton .Mi \.u itli,
Mi \t i,. I Strw ail . 10
worthy ol tin- attention of some manage
i. ok "Ut lor it tiov< li \ .
' \n 1 1 1 101 1 in mi ' liun been I at
tin- ( treat Q irith Ben
Amu I »r. .1 iiltmr, in \\ Imli In-
pre\ ioualj -■•■ n I r&uletn M
made a delightful Kathie, unci Hen II
k an acceptable Prince Karl Heinrieh.
I'w 1 1 1 1 n Nii.nr ' wa I on Monde]
ui Hi- Maji 1 ■ < iitiv. vrith Mi. Tree a*
Mah oho. \1 1- In. a- \ 11 ila, M Coiisl
CoUier as i>li\m. and Mr. Lionel Bi
.by.
Vahxous deviosi are in oontemplation
with a view tn oombal tin- ohanged condi-
tions of iournalistio labour in connexion
with tlir theatre. The early hour- of
publication render difficult tin task of
supplying in a daily periodica] an adequate
int lit a piece produced tin- previous
evening. It seems a-- it tin- Parisian iminw
of inviting critics to a bears al will
l.c frequently adopted. On opening T< 1
Theatre Mr. .Ian.- Welch will, it is said.
begin, for one at least, his per-
formance at seven o'clock instead of eight,
thus giving an hour- extension to tin- tunc
at the disposal of the report)
Wkdnksiiay next will witness the I n-LTlIl-
DJng of Mr. Cyril Maude's tenure oi the
Waldorf Theatre, when that actor and ktiss
Winifred Emery will appear in " The Superior
Mifla PellensW,' by Mr. Sidney Bowkett.
The farce of ' The Partik'ler I'd ' will also
he given.
Ix the forthcoming production at the
Court Theatre of Prof. Gilbert Murray's
rendering of ' Klectra." Mi-> Edith Wynne
Matthison will he Klectra : Mi-- Edith
Olive, Clytemnestra : Mr. Baroourt Wil-
liams, Orestes; Mr. .1. BE. Barnes, an old
man ; and Miss Gertrude Scott, leader of
choru<.
1 La Mokt nr Tintaoii.ks ' of Maurice
M.e terlinck ha- been given in Paris at the
Mathurin- by a company comprising Me--
dames Georgette Leblanc, Nina Russell,
and Ine- Devrias, and M. Stephens Austin.
death, in his fifty-seventh year, is
announced from Frankfort of Karl Her-
mann, an actor of much distinction, and
author of 'Die Technik des Sprechens,'
which has passed through many editions.
Gerhart Jlvt i'tmann linn written a
play called ' Pipa Dances,' which will be
performed during January at the Leasing
Theater, Berlin.
Dramatic (H 0 c g i p .
• \ ..I III Mill II.' II thle. net
P.i-rjl an. 1 Hamilton.
On Monday afternoon at the
a t Inn ami iatli«r OOnVt n-
tional piece, derived from a story which
•a tin- light, Ian 1- brightlj
written, and proved vastly entertaining.
It wa- admirably played bj Miss Meryl
MESSRS. BELLS
NEW BOOKS
UISIA Til:: I !• OA TA
I
DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE IN
ENGLAND IN THE SEVENTEENTH
AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES.
A vi ic tiKii ill Kxaniple* DruM 1
By ff< I Hi. I' . 1 Ml' H \i.l. i:1 '•
With Introduction ami Note*.
*•* ^
Variorum Edition of Beaumont and
Fletcher.
THE WORKS OF FRANCIS BEAU-
MONT AND JOHN FLETCHER.
Bd ■ M BULL!
In 12 1 3 • bases.
70LS. I. mi-! II Now i;i \\>\
" We content the
edition I a huh t).'
□ student Inn) t<i i
I Mo, 10* 64. net.
THE ITINERARY OF JOHN
LELANDIN WALES. IN OR ABOUT
THE YEARS 1536-1539.
Extracted from In- MSS
ArrangadlandEditedbyLUCa I'UI.MIX SMITH.
In ( nKitl SPONPl NTS II K K w 1:
1. 1 it Will print this. 11 1 11 m n
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
kVTHORS' AGKNTS
Ragsti k a Sons
I'.i 1 1 a mi\- 87 and 80
I VI VI i ii. I I ~
i a \ i in a Wixnus
in M A In
In i kwoh in a in
I HI ■ VI IOK 11. M
I \ II I HI 1 IOJCB
II i K A H li niN
III I -I A Hi U I.I I I
I 1 1 1 1 III -
I.n\|ni\ I. Mill MO '
l.i.M.
I .,\,.M |V. A I .1
M U Mil I ' M
M M.l/IM >. Al
\|i nil - LlBH MO
Mi niiO
Null- i\n i/i i nil-
I IN I nllli I Mil ll.l rV I • ti 1 —
I'iiiin IDRNT I n-i 1 1 i i iiiss
I'l IM« •'•
l/i I I v » I IKOI '■'
^ VI I ~ IU Vl i 1 ins
NUTATIONS \ n vm
•-111 VI I. ■ N-~ W VNII h
. w II n I li v ^3
Post - I net
STUDIES IN POETRY AND
CRITICISM.
By J. (Iin UN&
■\ .mil r
Tin- Collected Workaol Lon I I
Poems ui William ^ Mr.
Miltonii Myths ami theii
Longinus: a(ireek ( !riti< i^in The True I
• it Poet
••The 1 in the volume i- hii aiiu
jilen fur the employment •■! 'poetry,
jHM-tix. :i- an instrument ol moral and
education.' " w.
Medium Bvo, with Til Bad Pap I
■ ,.i deaigned li_\ the Author, ami num<
Qlustrationa, 10a <>'/. Det,
IDEALS IN ART.
Papers. Theoretical, Practical, Critical,
r.v WALTER (i:\Ni
■s.
THE UNIVERSAL KINSHIP.
J, HOWARD M<n'i:i'.
Author nt ' Better World Philosopliv."
London: OEOROK BELL A BONS,
Portugal Btreet, Linoobi'i tnn, ^^ I
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
61
DUCKWORTH &jCO^J^
NEW NOVEL BY MR. E. TEMPLE THURSTON, AUTHOR OF 'THE APPLE OF EDEN.'
TRAFFIC.
[Ready about February 21.
THE MUSEUMS AND RUINS OF ROME.
Vol.1. By WALTER AMELUNG. With 170 Illustrations. Vol.11. By HEINRICH HOLTZINGER. With Map, Plans, and 100 Illustrations.
Edited by Mrs. ARTHUR STRONG (Eugenie Sellers). Crown 8vo, 2 vols. 10*. net.
A synthetic, comprehensive view of the buildings and art collections. Dr. Amelung, putting together correlated works, replicas, copies, and fragments, brings the original
conceptions before the reader ; and Dr. Holtzinger is concerned rather with architectural art than with topographical science.
THE DAWN IN BRITAIN : a Poem. By Charles M. Doughty, Author of * Travels in Arabia
Deserta.' 2 vols, crown Svo, 3s. 6d. net each.
THE BRITISH W00DLICE. Being a Monograph of the Terrestrial Isopod Crustacea of the
British Isles. By WILFRED MARK WEBB, F.L.S, and CHARLES SILLEM. With 25 Plates and 59 Figures in the Text. 6*. net.
TWO NOVELS READY NEXT MONTH.
Crown 8vo, 6s. each.
THE AMBUSH OF YOUNG DAYS. By
ROSAMOND LANGBRIDGE.
A new novel by a rising writer, containing some clever studies of people and some
capital passages of genuine comedy.
LADS OF THE FANCY. By George Bartram.
Strong pictures of life in "The Shires" and in London when pugilism and gambling
and other sports were the chief interests in life for a " man of fashion."
In the well-known " RED SERIES" OP ART BOOKS.
THE SCOTTISH SCHOOL OF PAINTING. By William D. McKay, R.S.A. 45 Illustrations.
7s. 6d. net.
In the POPULAR LIBRARY OP ART.
ENGLISH WATER COLOUR PAINTERS. By A. J. Finberg. 50 Illustrations. Cloth, 2s. net ;
ART.
leather, 2*. 6d. net.
POPULAR LIBRARY OF
Cloth, 2.s. net; leather, 2s. 6d. net.
RDO. By Dr. Gronau. 44 Illustrations.
BOTTICELLI. By Julia Cartwright (Mrs. Ady). 40 Illus-
trations.
REMBRANDT. By Auguste Breal. 62 Illustrations.
DURER. By Lina Eckenstein. 37 Illustrations.
ROSSETTI. By Ford Madox Hueffer. 52 Illustrations.
WATTS. By G. K. Chesterton. 35 Illustrations.
FRED WALKER. By C. Black. 32 Illustrations and Photo
gravure.
GAINSBOROUGH. By A. B. Chamberlain. 55 Illustrations.
FRENCH IMPRESSIONISTS. By C. Mauclair. 50 Illus-
trations.
MILLET. By R. Rolland. 32 Illustrations.
HOLBEIN. By Ford Madox Hueffer. 50 Illustrations.
RAPHAEL. By Julia Cartwright (Mrs. Ady). 50 Illus-
trations.
YELAZQUEZ. By Auguste Breal. 50 Illustrations.
*V This volume includes a reproduction of the celebrated ' Venus with the Mirror,'
from Rokeby.
SECOND IMPRESSION NOW READY.
IDEALS AND REALITIES IN RUSSIAN
LITERATURE.
By PRINCE KROPOTKIX. Demy 8vo, 7«. 6d. net.
" Prince Kropotkin's hook is admirable, and should supersede all other works of the
kind in our language. The author not only knows the literature of which he writes, he
also knows the life to which it relates, and out of which it has arisen. Consequently he
writes with authority.'- — Times.
A HISTORY OF THEATRICAL ART.— FOURTH VOLUME.
M0LIERE AND HIS TIME.
% CARL MANTZIUS. 45 Dlpatrations. Royal Svo, Kfc. net.
RICHARD LE GALLIENNE'S RENDERING OF HAFIZ, THE*
PERSIAN POET.
ODES FROM THE DIVAN OF HAFIZ,
Freely Rendered by RICHARD LE GALLIENNE.
Square crown 8vo, buckram, gilt top, 7s. 6d. net.
THE LIBRARY OF ART.
Planned and Edited by the late S. ARTHUR STRONG.
Now Edited by Mrs. ARTHUR STRONG (Eugenie Sellers).
"THE EXCELLENT RED SERIES."
The TIMES says :— " Of the many series of books on Art. that published by M
Duckworth must rank as the best written, and most likely to be of permanent value."
MICHAEL ANGELO. By Sir Charles Holroyd. 52 Illustra-
tions. 7s. tirf. net.
DONATELLO. By Lord Balcarres. 58 Illustrations. 6s.
net.
YERROCCHlO. By Maud Cruttwell. 48 Illustrations.
7s. 6d. net.
GIOTTO. By Basil de Selincourt. 45 Illustrations.
7.'. 6d. net.
PISANELLO. By C. F. Hill, of the Coins and Medals
Department in the British Museum. 90 Illustrations. 7.'. 6rf. net.
FRENCH PAINTING IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. By
LOUIS DIMIER. 50 Illustrations. 7.s-.»W.net.
MEDIEVAL ART. From the Peace of the Church to the
Eve of the Renaissance, a.i>. 312-1350. By W. B. LETHABY. 66 Full-Pajte Illustra-
tions, and 120 Diagrams, Plans, and Drawings. B*. 6rf. net.
ALBERT DURER. By T. Sturge Moore, i Copperplates
and 50 Half- Tone Engravings. 7s. 6d. net.
TITIAN. By Dr. Georg Gronau. 5i Illustrations. 7s. 6d.
net.
CONSTABLE. By M. Sturge Henderson. iO Illustrations.
7s. I'd, net.
"CONTINENTAL HIGHWAYS AND BY-WAYS."
RAMBLES IN NORMANDY. By Francis Miltoun, Author of
■ Cathedrals of Northern France.' With very many Illustrations from Drawings and
Sketches by BLANCHE McMANUS. ;• Maps. Square crown Svo, to. net.
THE TYROL. By W. D. McCrackan. Illustrated. 5s. net.
" By an enthusiastic climber without any of the expert's technicalities. Many capital
illustrations. A charming holiday book, the work of an observer, an optimist, and a
graceful writer." — Pall Mall Gazette.
NEW BOOK FOR READERS OF 'THE ROADMENDER.'
MAGIC CASEMENTS. By Arthur S. Cripps. Small crown
s\-,., 2», id. net.
THE ANATOMY OF MELANCHOLY. By Robert Burton.
Complete Library Edition in .'? vols, lioval Svo. 80s. net.
IMPORTANT BOTANICAL WORK.
A GLOSSARY OF BOTANIC TERMS. With their Deriva-
tion and Accent. By BENJAMIN DAYDON JACKSON, Secretary of the Linnoati
Society of London. SECOND EDITION, REVISED and ENLAKGKI). Crown
BTO, 7*. ('»/. net.
DUCKWORTH & CO. 3, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
<;•
T I! E at ii EN ,i:r M
N K)81, Jan. 13, 1906
WORKS BY
WILLIAM THYNNE LYNN.
TENTH KDITION, price Two Shillings.
CELESTIAL MOTIONS:
A Handy Book of Astronomy.
Tenth Kdition. With:) Plates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
Associate of King's College, London, Lay Reader
in the Diocese of Southwark, Author of
•Remarkable Comets,' 'Remarkable Eclipses,'
' Astronomy for the Young,' tic.
" Well known as one of our best introductions to
astronomy. '" — Guardian.
FIRST EDITION EXHAUSTED.
SECOND EDITION NOW READY, price
One Shilling.
BIBLE CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Recorded in the Holy
Scriptures, arranged under their Probable
Respective Dates, with a Description of the
Places named, and a Supplement on English
Versions.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
THIRD EDITION EXHAUSTED.
FOURTH EDITION, Revised to 1905, NOW
READY, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
ASTRONOMY FOR THE
YOUNG.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
SEVENTH EDITION, fcap. 8vo, cloth,
price Sixpence.
REMARKABLE ECLIPSES:
A Sketch of the most interesting Circumstances
connected with the Observation of Solar and
Lunar Eclipses, both in Ancient and Modern
Times.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
TWELFTH EDITION JUST OCT, price Sixpence,
cloth.
REMARKABLE COMETS:
A Brief Survey of the most interesting Facts in the
History of Cometary Astronomy.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
SECOND EDITION, fcap. 8vo, price Fourpence.
NEW TESTAMENT
CHRONOLOGY :
The Principal Events Recorded in the New Testa-
ment, Arranged under their Probable Respec-
tive Dates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London :
SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited,
15, Paternoster Row.
AUTHORIZED TO BE USED BY
BRITISH SUBJECTS.
THE NATIONAL FLAG,
THE UNION JACK.
COPIES OF
NOTES AND QUERIES
FOB JUNE 30, 1900.
Ciin still be had, Is. Ii. free by post, containing an Account of the Flag, with
Coloured Illustration according to scale.
JOHN C. FRAN( IS, NoU j and Qu* ru a Office, Bream's Building. Chancer :.C.
C L I F F 0 R D^S I N N.
For view of CLIFFORD'S INN, taken in 1892, see
NOTES AND QUERIES, April 2, 1892.
THe same number also contains sketches of the ROLLS CHAPEL, OLD SERJEANTS'
INN, the GATEWAY, LINCOLN'S INN, &c
Price 4g(Z., free by post, of
JOHN C. FRANCIS, Holes and Queries Office. Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
NOW READY, price 10s. 6d. net.
THE NINTH SERIES
GENERAL INDEX 1
OF
NOTES AND QUERIES. j
With Introduction by JOSEPH KNIGHT, F.S.A.
This Index is double the size of previous ones,
as it contains, in addition to the usual Index of
Subjects, the Names and Pseudonyms of Writers,
with a list of their Contributions. The number
of constant Contributors exceeds eleven hundred.
The Publisher reserves the right of increasing the price
of the volume at any time. The number printed
is limited, and the type has been distributed.
Free by post, 10s. lid.
JOHN C. FRANCIS, Notes and Qtu rii j Office. Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
N°4081, Jan. 13, 1906 THE ATHEN^UM 63_
NEW-YEAR EDITION NOW READY.
Price 25. 6d. net.
THE QUEENS CAROL.
AN ANTHOLOGY
Of Poems, Stories, Essays, Drawings, and Music by nearly all the leading British Authors,
Artists, and Composers of the Age.
The Book is published by permission and authority of the Queen, and
the proceeds of sale are devoted to Her Majesty's Fund for the Unemployed.
LETTER FROM THE KING.
Welbeck Abbey, December 15, 1905.
I am commanded by the King to thank you for the first copy of THE QUEEN'S CAROL,.
which you have been good enough to send him.
His Majesty fully appreciates the spontaneous initiative of these eminent authors, artists, and
composers, who have desired to co-operate by their talents with the Queen in providing funds for the relief
of the unemployed, and sincerely hopes that an idea so happily conceived may be successful.
I am to add that the King wishes to purchase copies of the book to the value of 10/.
Believe me, yours very truly,
F. S. G. PONSONBY.
LETTER FROM THE QUEEN.
I am to say that Her Majesty is extremely pleased with her CAROL, and that she would like
to receive copies to the value of 51. for her own use.
Yours very truly,
CHARLOTTE KNOLLYS.
ORDER OF YOUR BOOKSELLER IMMEDIATELY.
ALL ORDERS EXECUTED IN ROTATION AS RECEIVED.
ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND COPIES ALREADY PUBLISHED.
ORDER FORM.
To (fill in name of Bookseller). Please scud me _ Cop of
THE QUEEN'S CAROL (price 2s. Gd. net) as advertised in THE ATHENAEUM.
64
T ii E at ii i:\ j-:r m.
N 1801, Jam. 13, 19
MR. JOHN LONG'S NEW LIST.
POWERFUL NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE SILENCE OF DEAN MAITLAND.'
THE GREAT REFUSAL.
By MAXWELL GRAY, Author "i 'The Sileooe ol Dean M.iitl.-unl.' fee. Crov • 6a. [Ready tkortip.
I he iton la concerned with the conflict of character and resolution bet ween i wo men "f diverse temperaments : the tatJier, a man of money, and hi* on! a of mind, llie
asai i- the refusal ol the s,,n toconl inue in the career mapped oat for him bj his father, preferring rather to devote himself to tin- service of humanity, i rbins;
t, and the book is one of the most brilliant pieces of «"ik yet produced by the brilliant author of ' i he Sileni daitland.'
CURTIS YORKE'S NEW NOVEL.
IRRESPONSIBLE KITTY.
H\ CURTIS YORKE, Author of 'The Girl in Grey,' <fcc. Crown 9vo, <i<,tl> gat, 6a,
i Ready shortly.
NEW
SOUL-TWILIGHT
THE CHOICE OF EMELIA . .
THE ARROW OF THE NORTH
HER HIGHNESS
THE FACE OF JULIET
WHO WAS LADY THURNE ?
IZRA
THE SILENT PASSENGER . .
SIX-SHILLING NOVEL8 JUST PUBLISHED.
Lucas Cleeye.
Adeline Sergeant.
R. H. Forster.
Fred Wishaw.
L. T. Meade.
Florence Warden.
Lady Florence Dixie.
G. W. Appleton.
FOR THE WHITE COCKADE
A MADCAP MARRIAGE
BARNABY S BRIDAL
LA BELLE DAME
THROUGH THE RAIN
THE MIGHT OF A WRONG-DOER
HE THAT IS WITHOUT SIN
THE LIFE ELYSIAN
J. E. Muddock.
M. McD. Bodkin, K.C.
S. R. Keightley.
Alice Methley.
Mrs. Hughes-Gibb.
Shirley Brice.
George Wingfield.
Robert James Lees.
SHILLING EDITION OF A FAMOUS BOOK.
down Svo, .S'211 pages, la. Bewed, striking Cover.
LOST
CAUSE
By GUY THORNK, Author of 'When It Was Dark.'
STANDARD. "A Lost Cause' has all the elements of a great and popular success."
DAILY TELEGRA I'll. — " ' A Lust cause' is decidedly clever. It is a better 1 k, too, than that mnch-talked-of ' When It was Dark.'''
MORNING LEA DER "This remarkable book will probably create as great a sensation as ' When it was Dark,' and he as ^reat s sui
WOULD.—" Mr. Thome's book is sure to create a sensation."
READY IN A FEW DAYS. -A REPLY TO 'WHEN IT WAS DARK.'
WHEN IT WAS LIGHT.
By a WELL-KNOWN AUTHOR. Crown Svo, La. Library Edition. 2*. M.
The 1 k, which, it is no secret to state, is written by a very well-known author, is a reply to ' When It was Dark,' by Mr. Guy Thome, anil in some sense an antidote to tbe
expressed in that enormously popular novel. It should arouse very great interest, and no doubt this battle of the wits will resound in the ears of English novel-readers.
NAT GOULD'S NEW STORIES.
Mr. JOHN LONG has much pleasure in announcing that A I.I. MR. NAT GOULD'S NKW sroRIKs will be exclusively published by him. The following are the first five:—
ONE OF A MOB.
THE SELLING PLATER.
I Recently published.
\. I list pllhlishnl.
THE LADY TRAINER.
A STRAIGHT GOER.
[Jem
| In the press.
Price -Is. each, illustrated boards ; or in cloth, j;ilt, is. 6(7. each. Crown svo. 388 }
A BIT OF A ROGUE. 160 pages, price Is. Large demy 8yo.
" tT.iriAiMA wonderful." Athewmm.
WILL OUTBID ALL RIVALS.' Buvkman.
JOHN LONG'S CARLTON CLASSICS.
Prices: Decorative Wrapper, 3d. net ; artistic doth, j^iu, 6d. net : leather, gilt top, gold blocked back and side. Is. net : size. 6 in. by 4 in. by \ in. Length iron
■ is printed from new clear type on a specially made opaque paper, and contains a Biographical Introduction by the Editor, Mr. Ha.nn \i-oi;d
Double Vols, double price. Kach Volume)
BENNETT. The following are all ready :
1. THE FOUR GEORGES
2. CHILDE HAROLD'S PILGRIMAGE
3. MOCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING ...
4. WARREN HASTINGS
5. THE LIFE OF NELSON (double vol.)
6. Tales (Selected)
7. CHRISTABEL, and other Poems ...
W. M. Thackeray.
Lord Byron.
Shakespeare.
Lord Macaulay.
Robert Southey.
Edgar Allan Poe.
S. T. Coleridge.
8. A SENTIMENTAL JOURNEY
9. THE BLESSED DAMOZEL, and other
Poems
10. ON HEROES AND HERO WORSHIP
(double vol.)
11. SONNETS AND POEMS
11. RASSELAS
Laurence Sterne.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti.
Tbomas Carlyle.
Shakespeare.
Samuel Johnson.
OTHER VOLUMES IN PREPARATION.
"Certainlj wonderful." Athenceum. "Will outbid all rivals." Bookman. "Wonderfulh cheap." Globs. "Should have all the pogularity that clearness of type and general
less of get-up can procure." Observer. "These little l ks are amazingly good, and those with the neat cloth and leather binding are especially atti
"There are no cheaper or more desirable little volumes on the market." Glasgow Herald. "Unrivalled for cheapness combined with excellon tine. "Should achii
tremendous success." Publishers' Circular. " Wonderful value.' Liverpool Courier.
JOHN LONG, 13 and 14, Norris Street, Ha\ market, London.
Telegrams and Cables
,ONGING, LONDON.'
Telephone No. 9318 Central
Editorial Communication! should be addressed to "THE EDITOB Uvertdsemente and Business Letters to "Till: PUBLISHER it the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chanosrj Una, E.C.
Published Weekly by JOHN C. FRAN! [Band 3 EDWARD FRANCIS at Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C., and Printed bj J. r.\<\\ \ui> FRAN* is. tthenssum Press, Bream's Buildings, Chaacerr Laaa, E.C.
Agent- 1..1 Scotland, Messrs BELL 4 BRADETJTE and Mr. John MENZIES, Edinburgh.- Saturday, January 13, IMS.
THE ATHENAEUM-
4 ^A'9,,, A
|mmtal of (Knjjlisl) anft yrrmp literate*, Arietta, tht Jmt %rte, Jlbwkl^*^ IBrama^^
' >-i,vrj7'
No. 4082.
SATURDAY, JANUARY 20, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER.
Watmtz.
KING'S COLLEGE.
(UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.!
Prof. SPIERS will deliver, at KINGS COLLEGE, a FREE
COURSE of THREE LECTURES on THE METHOD OF TEACH-
ING THE PHONETIC SYMBOLS IN FRENCH CLASSES' on
alternate SATURDAYS during the Lent Term, viz., on SATURDAYS,
February :l, 17, anil March :!, at 10 a.m.
All interested in the subject are invited to attend. No Cards are
needed.
ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS.— NOTICE IS
' HEREBY GIVEN, That the PRESIDENT and COUNCIL will
proceed to ELECT, on TUESDAY, January :)0, TWO COUSINS
ANNUITANTS. Applicants for the Annuity, which is of the value
■of not more than 80(., must be deserving Artists, Painters in Oil and
Water Colours, Sculptors, Architects, or Engravers in need of aid
through unavoidable failure of professional employment or other
•causes.— Forms of Application can be obtained by letter, addressed to
the Secretary, Royal Academy of Aits, Piccadilly, W. They must be
filled in and returned on or before SATURDAY, January 27.
By Order.
FRED. A. EATON, Secretary.
(Bsrjibitions.
MILLET. L'ANGELUS.
Exhibition of 100 Drawings by J. F. MILLET, including the
famous ANGELUS; also a choice Collection FRENCH ILLUS-
TRATED BOOKS of the Eighteenth Century.
- THE LEICESTER GALLERIES, Leicester Square.
SIMEON SOLOMON— LAST WEEK.— An
EXHIBITION of PAINTINGS and DRAWINGS by the late
SIMEON SOLOMON NOW OPEN at the BAILLIE GALLERY, 54,
Iiaker Street, W., 10-6. Admission (with Catalogue) is. EXHIBITION
CLOSES JANUARY 27.
A
RTS AND CRAFTS EXHIBITION SOCIETY.
(WALTER CRANE. President.)
EIGHTH EXHIBITION NOW OPEN.
GRAFTON GALLERY, Bond Street, 10 to 6.
CARFAX & CO., Ltd., 24, Bury Street,
St. James's. EXHIBITION of PICTURES by living Members
and" Associates of the Royal Academy. Open 10 till 6 every day,
including Saturday. Admission One Shilling.
educational.
EDUCATION. — Exceptional advantages, espe-
cially for English, Modern Languages, and Music, are offered at
a high-class LADIES' SCHOOL near Kensington Gardens. Riding,
Tennis, Swimming, &c— For Prospectus and details apply to C. 11. G.,
are of Gabbitas, Taring & Co., 86, Sackvillc Street. London, W.
THE DOWNS SCHOOL, SEAFORD, SUSSEX.
Head Mistress— Miss LUCY ROBINSON, M.A. (late Second Mis-
tress St. Felix School, Southwold). References : The Principal of
Bedford College, London ; The Master of Peterhou6e. Cambridge.
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHO( >LS for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are invited to call upon or send fullv detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GABBITAS, TURING & CO.,
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. TURING, Nephew of the
late Head Hatter o. Uppingham, 3li, Sackvillc Street, London, W.
fFK
Situations iTacant.
E UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD.
The UNIVERSITY of SHEFFIELD proposes to appoint a PRO-
FESSOB of EDUCATION.
For particulars as to duties, salary, Ac, apply to
W. M. "GIBBONS, Registrar.
ANCHE8TER EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
M
PUPIL TEACHERS' COLLEGE.
APPOINTMENT OF PRINCIPAL.
In consequence of the appointment of Mr. W. E. Urwick, M.A.Oxon.i
,.n the Inspectorate of the Secondary Branch of the Board of Educa-
tion, the Education coMMiTTEEof the city of Manchester
Invite applications for the PRINCIPALSHIP of the PUPIL-
TEACHERS' COLLEGE from jiersons of academic standing and of
• i perience In the principles and methods of Teaching.
The Salary offered is 660?. per annum.
The person appointed should be prepared to assume the duties of
the Office noi later than APRIL 23, 1806.
Particulars of the duties and conditions of appointment may be
obtained from the undersigned, to whom applications, on the special
ded tor the purpose, must be returned not later than
WEDNESDAY, January 31 Canvassing will disqualify Candidates.
J. II. REYNOLDS, Director of Higher Education.
Municipal School of Technology, Sackville Street,
Manchester, January 16, 1906.
B
RISTOL CHAM MAR SCHOOL.
By Hi. resignation of Mr. Robert L. Leighton, M.A., the Office of
HEAD MASTER will become VACANT al the end of the next
m MM EH TERM, and the GOVERNING BODY will Bhortbj proceed
to •!• t e HEAD MASTER.
i itiested to forward theii applications, accompanied
by Testimonials, to the undersigned, from whom particulars ol the
tenure, duties, and emoluments of the Head M . I - 1 • i - 1 1 i ] . h
procured on wi Itten application.
FREDERICK W. NEWTON, Clerk.
Office of the Governors. St. Stephen ■ Street, Bristol
B
RISTOL EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
FAIRFIELD SECONDARY MIXED SCHOOL.
WANTED, to commence duties with the Summer Term, APRIL 23'
1906, a FORM MISTRESS, specially qualified to teach Mathematics-
Salary 90t. per annum, rising to 1107. by increments of 51.
Forms of Application, which must be returned on or before
JANUARY 31, may be obtained by sending a stamped, addressed
foolscap envelope to the SECRETARY, Education Offices, Guildhall,
Bristol.
January 10, 1906.
B
RISTOL EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
FAIRFIELD SECONDARY DAY' SCHOOL.
WANTED, to commence duties with the Summer Term, APRIL 23,
1906, an ART MISTRESS holding the Art Master's Certificate.
Salary 65?. , rising by annual increments of 51. to 1007. In calculating
the initial salary credit will be given for half length of service as a
Teacher in a similar capacity under other Managers. Fractions of a
year will be disregarded.— Applications, stilting age, qualifications,
and experience, together with recent Testimonials, must be sent to
the undersigned on or before JANUARY 31, 1906.
WM. AVERY ADAMS, Secretary.
Education Offices, Guildhall, Bristol,
January 10, 1906.
HARTLEY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE,
SOUTHAMPTON.
The COUNCIL invites applications for the appointment of PRO-
FESSOR of EDUCATION and MASTER of METHOD.
Commencing minimum Salary, ;'007. per annum.
Applications, giving particulars of age, training qualifications, and
experience, with copies of three recent Testimonials, must be sent to
the PRINCIPAL on or before JANUARY 20, 1906.
Further particulars may be obtained on application to the
REGISTRAR.
c
I T Y
0 F
WORCESTER.
VICTORIA INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF ART.
WANTED, at once, an ASSISTANT ART TEACHER to teach
Freehand. Model Drawing, and Geometry in the EVENING SCHOOL,
SECONDARY DAY SCHOOL, and the PUPIL - TEACHERS'
CENTRE. Commencing Salary 707. per annum. Number of hours
teaching about IS per week. A gooil opportunity for any one desiring
to continue his studies in Art. Applications, with copies of two
recent Testimonials, should be sent to the undersigned on or before
FEBRUARY 5, 1906.
THOS. DUCKWORTH. Secretary for Higher Education.
c
ROY DON PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
An ASSISTANT is REQUIRED to take charge nmder the Sub"
Librarian) of the CENTRAL REFERENCE LIBRARY. Knowledge
of Systematic Classification and Cataloguing is necessary, and the
possession of any Certificates of tin- Library Association will t>e an
additional recommendation. Salary 902.. rising in two annual
increments of 51. to 1001. — Applications, enclosing copies of not more
than three Testimonials, and endorsed " Assistant," to be sent to the
undersigned not later than JANUARY 26.
L. STANLEY JAST.
p Central Library, Town Hall, Croydon.
ROYAL INSTITUTE of BRITISH ARCHI-
TECTS.— LIBRARY CLERK WANTED AT ONCE. Must
possess good Education. Commencing Salary 607. per annum.—
Apply, by letter only, to THE SECRETARY, R.I.B.A., 9, Conduit
Street. W.
WANTED, the ASSISTANCE of GRADUATES
for DIRECTORY COMPILATION. Good remuneration and
permanent work to capable men, Also a French Translator, one who
has already published Translations preferred. — U. II.. Box 1076,
Athenseum Press, 13, Breams Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.C.
Situations (K'tantro.
HONOURS SCIENCE GRADUATE would give
LESSONS or LECTURE in schools (Visiting) on Physiology,
Chemistry, Hygiene, or German. Experienced. Address c.esar.
Box 1117.-.. Athenseum Press, i:i. Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.C.
TO AUTHORS OF DICTIONARIES. — The
ADVERTISER RECOMMENDS as SECRETARY one who has
a passion for words. Philology flows in his mental veins. — B. S. (.;.,
•i-i, Kenwyn Road, Clapham.
VMANUENSIS to well-known Journalist for
five and a half years seeks RE-ENGAGEMENT in similar
capacity. Address AMY B.U'.M, 17, Marlboro' Place, Brighton.
AN active Y 0 U N (i MAN (23) requires
SITUATION as i-i BLISHER'S or Booksellers assis-
tant. Can supply good references. T. Box io7», Athenseum Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane. E.C.
LITERARY RKSKAKCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials, \. B., Box i»ml\ Itnenseum Press, 13, Bream's Build-
ings, Chancery Lane, e.c.
A PRACTICAL BOOKBINDER, useful and
ii handy man, wishes for Post in a LIBRARY Several years'
experience in a Gentleman's Library, 0..23, HaverneldGardens,"Kew.
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK and INDEXING. Apply Miss PETHERBRIDGE (Nat
Sei. Tripos), 62a, Conduit Street, Bond street. London, W
\ tii K\ r,r\i PRESS. John EDWARD
il FRANCIS, Printer of the Athenaum, Ifote* andQueritt Ik is
prepared to SI BMIT E8TIW VI'lls for all kinds of Hook. NEWS
and periodical PRINTING 13, Bream's Buildings, Chancer]
Loo i; i
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
FRANCE.-The ATHEKEUM can be
obtained at the following Railway Stations
in France:—
AMIENS, ANTIBES, BEAULIEU-SUR-MER, BIARRITZ, BOR-
DEAUX, BOULOGNE, CALAIS, CANNES, DIJON, DUNKIRK,
GENEVA, GOLFE-JUAN, HAVRE. HYERES, JUAN-LES PINS.
LILLE, LYONS. MARSEILLES, MENTONE, MONACO, MONTE
CARLO, NANTES, NICE, PARIS (Est, Nord. Lyon), PAU, ROUEN.
SAINT RAPHAEL, TOULON, TOURS.
PARIS: W. H. SMITH & SON, 248. Rue de Rivoli; and at the
GALIGNANI LIBRARY. 224. Rue de Rivoli.
WHITEHALL REVIEW.— Offers are invited
for the PURCHASE of this old-established WEEKLY
JOURNAL, dealing with Social, Political, Financial, Literary, and
Dramatic News— Apply T. TURKETINE, Chartered Accountant,
.W, Coleman Street, London, E.C.
®.utt*-tSEritera.
THE CO-OPERATIVE TYPE-WRITERS, Ltd
(CO-PARTNERSHIP SOCIETY),
CECIL HOUSE, 116, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C.
(Over Messrs. Lilley & Skinner's.)
SHORTHAND, TYPING, DUPLICATING, TRANSLATING,
TRACING, Ae.
A limited number of Pupils taken.
"Living Wage." Little overtime. No work given out
lighted and healthy. MSS. kept in fireproof safe
< Iffices well
1- (tieint Staff
TYPE-WRITER.— PLAYS and MSS. of every
description. Carbon and other Duplicate or Manifold Copies.
—Miss E. M. TIGAR, 64, Maitland Park Road, Haverstoek Hill. N.W.
Established 1884.
A UTHORS' MSS., 9d per 1,000 words.
A SERMONS, PLAYS, ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPED at home (Remington), Good paper. Orders promptly exe-
cuted.—M. L. L., 7, Vernon Road; now known as 18, Edgeley Road,
Clapham, S.W.
A UTHORS' MSS., NOVELS, STORIES. PLAYS,
-LJL ESSAYS TYPE-WRITTEN with complete accuracy. M. per
1.000 words. References to well-known Writers.— M. STUART, Thirl-
bank, Roxborough Road, Harrow.
TYPE- WRITING, 9d. per 1,000 words.— PLAYS,
NOVELS, ESSAYS, &c, with promptitude and accuracy. Carbon
Copies a speciality. Highest references.— M. KING, . '12, Roxborough
Road, Hairow.
TYPE-WRITING undertaken by highly educated
Women (Classical Tripos; Cambridge Higher Local; Modern
Languages). Research, He vision, Translation, nictation Kooin. —
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPE-WRITING AGENCY, 10, Duke Street,
Adelphi, W.C.
JUitljors* Anrnts.
■pHE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
« The interests of Authors capably represented. Agreement! for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed witli Publishers. -Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. BURGHE8, 34, Paternoster Row.
MR. GEORGE LARNER, Accountant and
Licensed Valuer to the Bookselling, Publishing, Newspaper,
Printing, and Stationery Trades. Partnerships Arranged. Balance
Sheets and Trading Accounts Prepared and Audited. All Business
carried out under Mr. burner's personal supervision.— 88, 20, and 80,
Paternoster Row, E.C, Secretary to the Booksellers' Provident
Institution.
T ITERARY AGENCY.— MSS. wanted toplaoe.
±J Good work promptly dealt with. Typing. Literary Translations,
Artistic Printing and Duplicating. Research and Indexing. Inquiries
invited -GRAHAMS & CO. (Depi B 1 ,84, Strand, W.C.
p MITCHELL 4 CO., Agents for the Sale and
\j • Purchase of Newspaper Properties, undertake Valuations for
Probate or Purchase, Investigations and Audit ol Accounts, fcc Card
of Terms on application.
Mitchell House. 1 and 2, Sn.ov Hill. HolbOID Viadllet. E.C.
•Xatalonnrs.
CATALOGUE No. 44 -Turner's Liber Studiorum,
England and Wales, and other Engraving! Lucas's Monotints
after Constable Etchings by Whistler, a Palmer, ike Drawings by
Turner, Burne-Joucsi Ruskin. ta Illustrated Hooks- Worl
Ruskin. P.^t free, Sixpence WM, w \Ri>, 9, Church Terrace,
Richmond, Surrey.
rpilK INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
I N,. in. containing b Special Article, entitled 'MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY and MATTER hj Prol VLKRED v\
POKTEH Specimen Copiei gratis WILLIAMS .". NOROATE,
Book Importers, 14, Henrietta Street, Covenl Garden, W l
66
'I1 II E A Til KX.T.r M
X M)82, Jan. 20, 1906
ANCIENT and MODERN COINS. Coll* ton
nil. I Ann . Ippll '" HP'NK * SON,
l.llni' f tlirlr Nl'JUSH \1 II ■ i ll:i I
I III The In Il •'•'Hi. ..li X lew in. I lot
Bala M Moderate Prima HPINK4KON Liuitik, K»|»rU. Valuers
mnl Cataloguers, IH 17. and IS, l'i. . adlllj . London . u tsUbUsbod
u|.wAi.u ..f .i i sal
CATALOGUE of FRENI II BOOKS, at greatly
,i . I I'M 1 1 <>-■ 'I'll \ II RKLIQION, III Mis
Tom l\ PtlKTKi l'i: V M \ Ml'SIC iV. HKACX \ I: T> \l
II WIIV \ II M 1 I.I l.\ K\ Mil II' I l"\ IX i.l Mi: \l.
LITKII \ 11 KJ5.
Fli:>r EDITIONS ol MODERN AUTHORS,
Ineludlni Dickens, Thackera; worth : Books {Unt-
il i ruikahank. Phis. Rowl lson.Loech.4i The
UrgeM ma .1 -t i ..II.. 1 1. .ii offered lot Bala In the World OATA
I.l HI I KM i— U..I anil will post free "ii application Book* Boi
IVALTEH I SPENCER, 27, Nov Oxford Street, London, u C
H|[. PEACH, 87, Belvoir Street, Leicester,
. Issues CATALOGUES of M8S and RARE BOOKS pott free
lector*. No. n contain! ■ number ol Interesting and ran
In. iiii.iM.n and English Books, just pnrchased nt the Sale oi the
Marcel Schwob Library, Paris, ana other sources Abroad.
G
ALLOW A V & PORTER, Booksellers,
Cambridge,
NKW CATALOGUE OP BOOKS In all Branches of Literature,
Including Books under Headings of Art, Brewing, Angling, Classics,
Mathematics, Theology, Ac, i»'-t free.
T( M '. 1 : 1 1 > ( ; ]•; w e l L s. — a p a r t m e n T s.
Comfortably Furnished Bitting-Room and One Bedroom.
Pleasant and central No others taken.— 1!. II.. 66, Grove Hill Road,
Tunbridge Wells.
&aks hi Ruction.
Valuable Law Books, inetudxng the Library of n Barrister
ring from Practice— handsome Carved Oak Bookca.se,
ami other Library and Office Furniture.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
U'ction. at their Rooms, 116, Chancery Lane, w<'. on
KHI1> VY, January 26, at l o'clock, valuable LAW BOOKS, comprising
a Set of the Law Reports, New Series, from 1876 to 1906, 247 vols, half-
call i-i» Journal Reports, from the commencement in l82Stol866—
Reports in King's Bench, Common Pleas, and Exchequer— Election
and Crown Cases— Recent Editions of Text-Books jalso a law and
handsome Carred <>ak Winged Bookcase. Mahogany Tables, and other
Library and Office Furniture— Prints ami Engravings.
Catalogues on application.
Valuable Miscellaneous Boohs, including Books from the Col-
lection of the late Sir ROBERT SMIRKE (the Property of
a Latin), Portion of the Library of the late JOSEPH
GOVILT, and the Library of the late WALTER C. MET-
CALFE, Esq. (by order of the Executor).
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, 116, Chancery Lane. W.C, on
WEDNESDAY, January 31, and Two Following Hays, valuable
MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, comprising Genealogical, Topographical,
and Architectural Works, including eraser's Family of Elpninstone,
2 vols., and Papworth and Morant's Dictionary of Arms— Gould's
Family of Trogons— Reichenbach's [cones Flora' Germanics, Coloured
Plates, -*J vols., and other Natural History Books — Astronomical
Society's Monthly Notices, ji vols.. 1827-60— Pitt-Rivers's Archaeo-
logical Works, B vols.— Huskin's Modern Painters. Complete Edition,
Large Paper 8 vols -Mrs. Frankaus John Raphael Smith, with the
Portfolio of Engravings -a Set of the studio to lliw. and other Modem
Fine Art and Illustrated Books — Hui ton's Arabian Nights, with
Letchford's Illustrations, IS vols, in morocco ease— handsome Sets of
Sett Dickens, Lytton, and others, in calf and morocco bindings—
Walnole's Letters, the New Edition. Large-Paper Copy, 16 vols.—
Books with Coloured Plates— First Editions of Dickens, Thackeray.
Swinburne, Stevenson, and others— Encyclopaedia Britannica, Tenth
Edition. 36 volt half-morocco: also BOOKS from the COLLECTION of
the late Sir ROBERT SMIRKE, removed from Canterbury, the
Property of a LADY.
( catalogues on application.
LEEDS.
Highly interesting Sole of the Antiquarian and Artistic
Property of the late J. 11. WURTZBURG, Esq., J. P.,
to br removed from Frens, Ben Bhydding, to the East
Parade Auction Rooms, Leeds, for convenience of Sale
(by order of his Executors).
MESSRS. EEPPER & SONS beg to announce
their Instruction! to SELL by AUCTION; on WEDNESDAY
and Tlll'KSIiAV, January ::i and February 1, in their Rooms,
EAST PARADE LEEDS, the very varied and valuable ANTI-
QUARIAN and AUTISTIC PROPERTY collected by the deceased,
amongst which will be found:—
B0 8EP1 \ DRAWINGS of <»I.I» LEEDS, by W. Braithwaite.
About mo OLD ENGRAVINGS, PRINTS. 4c.
A number oi charming WATER COLOURS, by J. N. Carter, Gilbert
Foster W, T. Webb, W. S. Wright. John Storey, and others.
The major portion of the LIBRARY of BOOKS, including
numerous Topographical Works, relating chiefly to Yorkshire.
A large number of AUTOGRAPHS, including those of Queens Anne
and Victoria and Napoleon Buonaparte Old Deeds, Letters, News-
papers, and oiber interesting M88. and Printed Matter
A COLLECTION of GOLD, SILVER, and COPPER COINS,
TOKENS, and WAR and COMMEMORATION MEDALS.
Catalogues i(W. each] will be readv next Saturday, and may be had of
thi \i CTIONEERS. . , , , _ ,
on view on Tuesday, January ■■". in the sale Rooms. East Parade.
Leeds.
DUBLIS.
VALUABLE COLLECTION of JEWELS, OLD
V SILVER PLATE. Including an almost unique William and
Mary Toilet Service- t Georgian Dinner Service of :i dozen Plates,
n shaped Dishes, and Set of Entree Dishes en Suite— Pistol fflandle
Table Knives, several Salvers and Waiters. Tea I'm of tine form.
Silver (iilt Dessert Sets. Pair of lofty Flagons, bo.— fine old Sheffield
Plated Ware Two large Panels of old French Tapestry (Boucher
Subjects) an exquisite Enamel Miniature of Francis I..
Emperor of Austria. Father of Marie Antoinette, by Ronquet— Oil
Paintings Engravings -valuable Collection of Gold, Silver, ami
Bronze Medals and Coins Musical Instruments, including Violins by
Guamerins, Feebler, and others Violas -Violoncello by Rantmann,
Ac To be told by Auction at the sale Rooms. <i. Upper Ormond
Quay on WEDNESDAY, February I, 1906, the above valuable Pro-
perty in portion hv direction of FLORENCE, VISCOUNTESS MAS-
SEBEENE and FEB It Alt D. and the remainder removed from a Man-
sion in Hie County Louth'. Catalogues will be ready for distribution
one week preceding Sale. — BENNETT A SON. Auctioneers, 6, Upper
Ormond o.imy.
n and 8\ and
Pot ■ ■ /-. . the Pi ,■•. ■ ol 'if late
i/ / REDBRICK BARKER
\\ esshs. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON* HODGE
'»• will BELL by ACl TION ihj ordei of the Kiecutori . »t their
No i.i. Wellington Street, Strand Vv I v ,UK\
■ I" k |.i..,-.lv M |..i,n A j-| i i.i
SIGNED I MINTS. ,t BRITISH and F"i:l h,\ tDVKRI
PKl.M E>. A. . the Propertj -f the lata Hi I REDEUII K BARKER.
Hay be Tiered. Qataloi . had.
i Portion of the Library of the lot* I: 1/ I: BURRELL,
Esq., and a Portion of the Library oj '//•• Hon. Mr. J
/'.I )
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON ft HODGE
will SELL by All TK.N. at th. h House, No 13, Well
Street, Strand, W C. on MONDAY, January 29. and Two Foil
Days, ill I o'clock precisely, BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS. Inclu
Portion oi the LIBRARY ol the lata Rei H J G PHASER of
"Bramblya Basingstoke, oompriaing Mrs. Inchbald't British Theatre
Valpys Shakespeare, IS v..l» - Elizabethan Dranutii I
Work Cheat Book- relating to the East Poems by J. it . First
Edition. Presentation Copy, with an Inscription Punch, im vol.,
1841 :>i ; the Property of the late It M. R. BURRELL. Esq. sold by
Order of the Executors), including Seebohm't British Birds, 4 vol..
the Writings of Dickens and Tnackenu Surtees'i Sporting Novell
First Editions — Works on Natural History and Botany, including
Gould's Birds of (ireat Britain- Dallaway'i Sussex, a Special < opy
Extra illustrated. 4e. ; the Property of G. ST. JOHN BRENON
containing Hv.es Beaumont and Fletcher. Best Edition, and the
Works oi Marlowe, Peele, Middleton, and other Early Dramatic
Literature -Freeman't Norman Conquestv.6 vols.— Pinlay'i Greece,
? vols- Prescott't Works, is vols— Ranke't England, 6 volt and other
standard Works, 4c; a Portion of the LIBBABY of JOHN w.
TRIST, Eta., F.S.A., including Works on Numismatics — Books ot
Prints, and Publications on Art and Archaeology— Portraits and
Engravings— Books with Coloured Plates, &<•.; a Portion of the
LIBRARY of the Hon. Mr. Justice DAY, deceased [removed from
Beaufort House, co. Kerry), containing Scott's Novels, "Abbotaford
Edition '-the Bibliographical Writings of T. F. Dibdln— Early Printed
Books— Milton's Paradise Lost, Fir-t Edition- Theology, Biography,
Ac; other PROPERTIES, including Shakespeare's works. Fourth
Folio— Lepsius's Deiikmaeler, 12 vols. — Sanders Keichcnhachia, 4 vols.
—Early Tracts, Ac.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
Valuable Books ami Autographs, including the Library of
F. THORNTON, Esq.
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
by AUCTION at their Galleries, 47. Leicester Square, W.C, on
THURSDAY, January 25, and Following Hay, at ten minutes past
1 o'clock precisely, valuable BOOKS, including Bow landsons Loyal
Volunteers, Coloured Plates — Ackermann's Westminster Abbey,
2 vols. — Lowes Ferns, 8 vols.— Manuscripts on Vellum, with Minia-
tures—Martial Achievements of Great Britain — Biblia Polonica, 1661—
Sharpe s English Poets, 70 vols, morocco gilt — Naval Chronicle.
4H vols.— The Mcynellian Science, 1848— S-.vilts Gulliver's Travels.
2 vols. First Edition — Mather's Tryals of New England Witches and
Further Account— L'Art de la Lutte, Plates by Remain de Hooghe —
an extensive Series of Play-bills of Drury Lane and Covelit Garden
Theatres — Skelton's Charles I., .Japanese Vellum Copy — Works on
Costume with Coloured Plates— Horsfields Sussex. 2 vols— Fielding's
English Lakes. Coloured Plates— Bray ley and Buttons Surrey—
Pabcontographical Society's Publications— Hogarth's Works— Middle-
ton's Grecian Remains in Italy, Coloured Plates— tine Examples of
English and Foreign Bindings— Works from the Early Foreign Presses
—First Editions of Modern Poets and Novelists— Standard Works on
the Fne Arts, Science, Theology, Travel. &e. -, also AUTOGRAPH
LETTERS and DOCUMENTS, including specimens of Geo.
Washington, Lady Hamilton, Lord Nelson, R. Southey, C. Dickens.
Sir W. Scott, Queen Elizabeth, and many other interesting items
including a large quantity- Of Correspondence addressed to the late
J. Northcote, K.A.
Catalogues on application.
MESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON & WOODS
respectfully f&Ye Notice that thev will hold the Following
SALES by AUCTION, at their Great Rooms, King Street, St. James's
Square, the Sales commencing at 1 o'clock precisely :—
On MONDAY, January '22, MODERN PIC-
TURES and DRAWINGS of W. MARTEN SMITH. Esq.., and the
late 0. WENT WORTH WASS, Esq.
On TUESDAY, January 23, ENGRAVINGS
of the EABLY ENGLISH SCHOOL and MODERN ETCHINGS.
On WEDNESDAY, January 24, DECORATIYE
and USEFUL SILVER PLATE of G. B. WIELAND, Esq., deceased,
and OLD ENGLISH SILVER from numerous sources.
On FRIDAY, January 26, ORIENTAL FORCE-
LAIN of S. BAERLEIN. Esq..
On SATURDAY, January 27, ANCIENT and
MODERN PICTURES and WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS, the
Property of Mr. J. J. WIGZELL,
Microscopes, Lanterns, Cameras; a Gardner Machine Gun,
suitable for Vac/its, dc.
On FRIDA 7 SEXT, at half-past IS o'clock.
MR, J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at his Rooms. ::n. King Street. Covent Garden. London. W.C,
MICROSCOPES, Objectives, and all Accessories by Well-known
Makers Optical Lanterns with Slides in first rate order ; also Cameras,
Lenses, cineiiiatograi.h Films, Typewriter, and Miscellaneous Property,
On view day prior 10 to .">, and morning of Sale. Catalogues on
application.
iHmja^tius, &r.
Price Is, lid. net. Annual Subscription, St, Bd. post free.
rpHE HOME COUNTIES MAGAZINE.
JL JANUARY, 1006.
Vvtdcut*.
Ham House and its Owners Quarterly Notes Gravescn.l- In the
Heart of the Chilterns Sliepway Cross - Rambles in the Home
Counties, No. XV 1 1 1 -Dickens in Southw ark- Some East Kent
Parish History Ranelagh Gardens, Chelsea— Gray's [nn— Ruislip
and llarelicld- Notes ami Queries,
J4. Chancery Lane, W.C.
rpHE BUILDER (founded 1S42), Catherine street,
1 London. W.C, JANUARY », contains:—
The Arts and Crafts Exhibition: Technical Schools and the Co-
operation of Employers; Royal Academy Lectures; Modern Surveying
Instruments (Surreyors' Institution); The Quantity Surveyors'
Association; Mathematical Data for Architects (Student's Column) ;
Illustrations of Sculpture, Central Library, Bristol; Doorway in
Cathedral. Pisa; Bocbcstcr Technical Institute; MoTborongh House.
|i.,v. r Street, fcc.— Prom Office as above i*f. ; by post, iji/.) ; or through
any Newsagent.
MUDIE S LIBRARY.
FOUNDED 1842.
l-'or th.- rii-.i i i. vi ii >\ ■,,,,! ^ u.i, ,.< ii,, BB81 !:•"
in i.m.i.i-ii i i:i ni ii (,i .km \n i:i--i\n imi.ian,
SPANISH, im ii ii -i \m>iv\\ I \.n.
The Collection comprises the Best Standard
Works published during the past Sixty Years.
TERMS PER ANNUM.
O Volume- In t|,,- Country ; or, | n_ _ _
6 Volume, Delivered free in LONDON |"*<J ^ U
and Neanr Snborba J
^ Volumes in the Country ; or, |
3 Volumes Delivered free in London [gg g jj
ami Nearer Suliiirl.s J
1 Volume, Exchanged Daily at the I Ol 1 f\
library Counter t 1 1 U
• Volume (for Hooks of r - wia) j lUS, UU,
Half - Yearly, Quarterly, and Monthly
Subscriptions can also be entered.
SPECIAL ARRANOKMKNT lias been made with
MKssrs. PICKFOED fi e exchange of Library' Books
TO and rTlOM Subscribers' Houses for 3d. per DOUBLE
JOUBNEY.
PARCKL POST DEPABTMENT for NiasCRIBERS
residing at a DISTANCE from any RAILWAY STATION.
Terms, on application,
ALL BOOKS are offered SECOND-HAND aa soon H the
demand in the LIBRARY will permit. List free on appli-
cation.
MUDIE'S SELECT LIBRARY, Limited,
30-34, NEW OXEORD STREET, W.C.
■241, BBOMPTON ROAD, S.W.
48, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.
T
NOW READY.
Edition limited to 520 Copies.
TARTANS OF THE CLAKS AXD
SEPTS OF SCOTLAND,
WITH THE ARMS OE THE « H1I 1 -
In 2 handsome royal Svo volumes, containing 222 PI
of Tartans.
Accompanied by full Descriptive Letterpress, giving the
History of the Clan, Sept, or Eamily, with
21 Coloured Plates, giving the Arms of 141 Heads of Families,
and Coloured Map of Scotland in the Sixteenth Century,
divided into Clans.
Half-bound morocco (red or blue), £3 3*'. net.
SCOTTISH
KJ in cloth, 5*. net.
HERALDRY MADE EASY,
THE HERALDRY OF THE JOHNSTONS,
in cloth. 10s. ii./. net.
THK HERALDRY OF THE STEWARTS,
in cloth. 10a. Bd. net.
Detailed Prospectuses on application.
w. ft A. K. JOHNSTON, Limited,
Edina Works, Easter Road, and 20, South Saint Andrew
street, Edinburgh ; 7, Paternoster Square, London, E.c.
EB E N E Z E R TROUT'S WORK S.
Bemad, each net. it.
HARMONY I it- Theory and Practice. Nineteenth ImnressioD,
Hi-vi-cl mnl laritoly K<"» ritten.
ANALYTICAL KKV To THK KXV.Hi'ISK.s in the Bum, Net 3s.
COTJNTBRPOINT I strict and Free.
DOITBLI I i'INTKKPOINT AM' t'AN #
ri i.i B
FUOAL ANALYSIS.
UirSICAL POBM.
APPLIED roBita
THK OltCHKSTUA. i vols.
AUGKNKK, Ltd., 8, New BurUngton Street, and A Newgate Street.
In J ids. crown svo. with I Portraits. 24*.
TOHN FRANCIS AND THE 'ATHEN.EUM/
U A Literary Chronicle of Half a Century.
By JOHN C. FRANCIS.
UACKTUkAH 4 CO. Luhtsp. London
N°4082, Jan. 20, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
67
HODDER & 8TOUGHTON
Have pleasure in announcing the following
New School Books : —
THE IMPERIAL READER.
Being a Descriptive Account of the
Territories forming the British Empire.
Edited by the
Hon. WILLIAM PEMBER REEVES,
High Commissioner for New Zealand, formerly
Minister of Education in New Zealand, Member
of the Senate of London University,
and E. E. SPEIGHT, B.A. F.R.G.S.,
Editor of Haklnyt's 'English Voyages,' "The
Temple Readers," and other Educational Works.
With Contributions by Field-Marshal Viscount
Wolseley, Viscount Milner, the Earl of Dunraven,
the Earl of Dunmore, Sir H. H. Johnston, Sir
Charles Eliot, Sir William Macgregor, Major-
General S. S. Baden Powell, and many others.
Fully illustrated.
Crown 8vo, price 2s. Gd. net. 480 pages.
A NATURE READER
For Senior Students.
Being an Anthology of the Poetry of Nature.
Edited by the
Hon. Sir JOHN COCKBURN, K.C.M.G.,
Late Premier and Minister of Education in South
Australia, Chairman of the Committee of the
Nature Study Exhibition, 1902,
and E. E. SPEIGHT, B.A. F.R.G.S.
This book deals with the various aspects of
Nature as exhibited by the Sea, the Seasons, the
Animal World, Woodlands, Inland Waters,
Garden and Orchard, Mountain and Moorland,
the Heavens, &c. , and contains extracts in prose
and verse from the writings of such lovers of
Nature as Richard Jefferies, A. C. Swinburne,
Fiona Macleod, Robert Bridges, John Burroughs,
Roden Noel, Thoreau, Wordsworth, Ruskin, Cole-
ridge, Longfellow, Borrow, and many others.
Illustrated from the works of Turner, Constable,
Millet, Corot, Linnell, Leader, King, Walker, and
others.
Crown 8vo, price 2s. net. 330 pages.
BRITAIN'S SEA STORY.
B.C. 55-A.D. 1805.
Being the Story of British Heroism in Voyaging
and Sea Fight from Alfred's Time to the Battle of
Trafalgar.
With an Introduction tracing the Development
of the Structure of Sailing Ships from the Earliest
Times.
Edited by E. E. SPEIGHT, B.A. F.R.G.S.,
and R. MORTON NANCE.
Illustrated from Paintings representing a Roman
Merchant Ship and British Coracles, the Vikings
at London Bridge, C<eur-de-Lion\s Ships attacking
a Saracen Dromond, the Battle of Slays, the Fleet
of Henry V., a Venetian Trading Galley in the
Channel, Cabot crossing the Atlantic, the Loss of
the Mary Rose, Sir Humphrey Gilbert's Frigate
The Squirrel, the Flight of tin; Spanish Armada,
the Last Fight of the Revenge, Blake and Van
Tromp, the Battle of La H gue, Anson's Centurion
and the Acapula Galleon, and the Glorious First
of June, by K. Morton Nance.
Crown 8vo, price 2*. net. 440 pages.
COMPLETE PROSPECTUS ON APPLICATION.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
THE WORKS OF
FRANCIS BEAUMONT & JOHN FLETCHER
Faithfully reprinted from the text of 1679
With all uariant readings of the early issues
EDITED BY ARNOLD GLOVER AND A. R. WALLER
In 10 vols., large crown 8vo, 4s 6cl net each. Subscribers for complete sets are
entitled to purchase copies at the reduced rate of 21 net for the set of
ten volumes, payable in ten instalments of 4s net on the publication
of each volume.
VOLUME I. NOW READY : VOLUMES II., III. AND IV. IN THE PRESS
"Pre-eminently, then, this new edition is an edition for scholars." — Athenceum
"In the full sense,then,the edition is critical and adequate." — Notes and Queries
" A standard version of the great Elizabethan dramatists." — Globe
"About as nearly as possible a perfect text." — Scotsman
UNIFORM WITH THE ABOVE, BEING OTHER RECENT VOLUMES OF THE
CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH CLASSICS
GEORGE CRABBE : POEMS. VOL. I.
Edited by Dr. A. W. Ward
MATTHEW PRIOR : POEMS ON SEVERAL
OCCASIONS
Edited by A. K. Waller
JOHN BUNYAN ; THE LIFE AND DEATH
OF MR. B ADM AN AXn THE HOLY WAR
Edited by the Kev. Dr. John Brown
ABRAHAM COWLEY : POEMS
Edited by A. R. Waller
LARGE CROWN 8VO, CLOTH, 4s 6d NET EACH
New work by Dr. J. L E. Dreyer, Director of the Armagh Observatory, Author of ' Tycho Brahe '
HISTORY OF THE PLANETARY SYSTEMS FROM THALES TO KEPLER
Demy 8vo, 10s 6d net
In this book Dr. Dreyer attempts to trace the history of man's conception of the
Universe from the earliest historical ages to the completion of the Copernican
system by Kepler in the seventeenth century.
New work by Professor W. W. Goodwin
DEMOSTHENES AGAINST MIDIAS. With Critical and Explanatory Notes and an
Appendix. Demy 8vo, 9s
A companion volume to the same author's Demosthenes on the Crown.
NEW VOLUMES OF THE PITT PRESS SERIES
EDMUND HI* RKE'S SPEECHES ON CICERO: PRO
SEXTO
HODDER & STOUOHTON,
27, Paternoster Row, London.
AMERICAN TAXATION AND
CONCILIATION WITH AMERICA. Edited
by Arthur D. Innes.
3s.
Rose io AMERTNO. Edited by J. C.
Nicol, Head Master of Poitsmouth
Grammar School.
2s. 6d.
London : Cambridge University Press Warehouse, Fetter Lano. C. F. CLAY, Manager.
68
T II E AT II EN -KI' M
X W82, Jan. 20, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NEW HOOKS.
♦
NOW READY.
LORD RANDOLPH
CHURCHILL.
WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL, M.P.
Willi Portraits. In -i rola demy svo, 3fo. net
PRE-RAPHAELITISM AND THE
PRE-RAPHAELITE BR0THEEH00D
By w. ikii. MAN BUNT, O.M. D.C.L. With M Photo-
gravure Plate-, anil Other Illustrations. In ■> vols. Svo,
4J.v. mt.
NEW EDITION, WITH NOTES BY
THE AUTHOR.
IN MEMORIAM.
By ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON.
Edited by HALLAM, LORD TENNYSON.
Fcap. svo, 5& net.
MACMILLAN'3 NEW NOVELS.
Crown Svo, (in. each.
THE HOUSE OF MIRTH.
KIPPS.
SOPRANO.
YOLANDA.
HEART'S DESIRE.
By KDITH WHARTON.
By II. G. WELLS.
By F. M. CRAWFORD.
By CHARLES MAJOR.
By EMERSON HOUGH.
VOLS. I. AND II. NOW READY.
THE WRITINGS OF
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN.
Collected and Edited, with a Life and Introduction,
By ALBERT HENRY SMYTH.
In 10 veils, medium Svo, Vols. I. and II. 12*. (id. net each.
THE RELIGION OF NUMA,
And other Essays on the Religion of Ancient Rome. By
.J ESSIE BENEDICT CARTER. Crown Svo, 3s. (id. net.
JESUS CHRIST AND THE
CHRISTIAN CHARACTER.
By Prof. FRANCIS GREENWOOD PEABODY. Crown
Svo, tin. (id. net.
THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN
PAINTING.
By SAMUEL ISHAM. With 12 Full-Page Photogravures
and 121 Illustrations in the Text. Super-royal Svo, 21*. net.
SECOND EDITION NOW READY.
THE STRUCTURE AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF MOSSES AND FERNS
fArchegoniato). By Prof. DOUGLAS HOUGHTON
CAMPBELL, Ph.D. Illustrated. Svo, Is*. <;,/. net.
EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY.
A Manual of Laboratory Practice. By EDWARD
BRADFORD TITCHENER Vol. II. QUANTITA-
T1VE EXPERIMENTS. Bvo. Part I. STUDENT'S
MANUAL. OS. net. Part II. INSTRUCTOR'S
MANUAL. 10*. (id. net.
THE CITIZEN'S LIBRARY.— New Vol.
SOME ETHICAL GAINS
THROUGH LEGISLATION.
By FLORENCE KELI.EV. Crown Svo, 5s. net.
MACMILLAN & CO., Limited, London.
HURST & BLACKETT'S
LIST.
A NEW AND IMPORTANT BOOK BY
MISS MEAKIN.
In 1 vol. demy Svo, with Illustrations, price 16*. int.
RUSSIA,
Travels and Studies.
By ANNETTE M. B. MEAKIN,
Author of ' A Ribbon of Iron,' &c.
"Miss Mcakin is a light, anecdotal, and pic-
turesque recorder, who tries to bring before us the
subjects of the Tsar as they live, move, and have
their being." — Daily Chronicle.
" The book gives a most interesting account of
the success of German subjects of the Tsar settled
in Russia proper among less progressive neigh-
bours."— Pall Mall Gazette.
" Miss Meakin has produced a most readable
and informative book on Russia. The Russia she
describes is the normal Russia, not the Russia of
war and revolution." — Scotsman.
MRS. ALEC TWEEDIE'S NEW WORK.
NOW IN THE PRESS.
In 1 vol. royal 8vo, with numerous Illustrations
from photographs taken especially for this book,
a Coloured Plate, and Maps, price 21*. net.
P0RFIRI0 DIAZ,
Seven Times President of Mexico.
By MRS. ALEC TWEEDIE.
Author of ' Mexico as I saw it,' &c.
A remarkable volume about the life's history of
a man born in obscurity who has lived a wildly
exciting life as a soldier, and who played an
important part in the history of Maximilian and
Carlota, and who has now assumed the position of
perpetual President and brought his country from
chaos and revolution to peace and prosperity.
NEW NOYEL BY CARL JOUBERT.
READY JANUARY 29.
In 1 vol. crown 8vo, price 6s.
THE WHITE HAND.
By CARL JOUBERT,
Author of ' Russia as It Really Is,' ' The Fall
of Tzardom,' &c.
NEW NOYEL BY LADY HENRY SOMERSET.
IN THE PRESS.
In 1 vol. crown Svo, price 6*.
UNDER THE ARCH
OF LIFE.
By LADY HENRY SOMERSET.
" There is no pleasure bo cheap, so innocent,
and bo remunerative as reading."— \;<\:\> Siilk-
i.i..- •
Kmdh Ml to Ml Messrs. METHUEN'S NEW
PUBLICATIONS I. : | IBoot>
Messrs. METHUEN'S NEW BOOKS.
Messrs. METHUEN'S COMPLETE ILLUS-
TRATED CATALOGUE is NOW READY.
contains all Messrs. METHUEN'S Books in their
order of price, with many pictures.
THE LATE8T FICTION.
Messrs. METHUEN hare pleasure in annoani ing
that they have just published a New Novel bj E. c. WALTZ,
entitled THE ANCIENT LANDMARK, fla, sal
on January i.r. the) will Untiie 1«., important novels, ROSE
AT HONEYPOT. bj MA in K. MANN, and IN
VARYING MOODS, by BEATRICE HARRADEN,
6a each.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
SOCIAL CARICATURE IN THE
EIGHTEENTB CENTURY. Bj GEORGE PASTON.
with over 200 Illustrations, imperial 4to, -il. I2a6& net.
This honk gi\<-- g general representative view of the
caricatures, Including emblematical, sslirirnl. personal,
and humorous prints of the eighteenth century. There
are over if< kj illustrations, including reproductions of line
engravings, etchings, mezzotint* stipple, and a few
original drawings by Rowlandson.
THE LIFE OF CHARLES LAMB
By K. V. LUCAS. With namerous PorttaD
Illustration-. Third Edition. 2 Tola, dewy fevo, 1U. net.
A BOOK FOR A RAINY DAY. By
JOHN THOMAS SMITH. Edited by WILFRED
WRITTEN (John o" London of T. J'.» WeeUy.) With
4B Illustrations. Wide demy Bvo, 12a Oif. net.
THE GREAT SIEGE : The Investment
and Fall of Port Arthur. By B. W. NORREOAARD.
With Maps, Plans, and 25 Illustration-. 10a U. net.
"'The Great Siege' will take rank not only as the
standard account of the subjugation of Port Arthur hut
also as an enduring story of war. Will appeal strongly to
the reader who asks for an engrossing tale." — Daily Hail.
JANE AUSTEN AND HER TIMES.
By G. E. MI1TON. With many Portraits and Illus-
trations. Second Edition in the Pre--. Demv svo,
10*. (id. net.
THE COMPLETE GOLFER. By
HARRY VARDON". With numerous Illustrations.
Sixth Edition. Demy 8vo, 10*-. 6d. net.
HOW TO IDENTIFY OLD CHINESE
PORCELAIN. By Mrs. WTLLOUGHBT HODGSON,
Author of 'How to Identify Old China.' With 40
Illustrations. Second Edition in the pre--. Small
demy Svo, 6&
A WANDERER IN HOLLAND. By
E. V. LUCAS. With many Illustrations, of which 20
are in Colour, by HERBERT MARSHALL. Fifth
Edition in the press. Crown svo, 6*.
THE CITIES OF UMBRIA. By
EDWARD HUTTON. With many Illustrations, of
which 20 are in Colour, by A. PISA. Second Edition.
Crown svo, (is.
THE OPEN ROAD: a Little Book
for Wayfarers. Compiled by E. V. LUCAS. Ninth
Edition." Fcap. Svo, 5s. ; India Paper, 7a 6if.
THE FRIENDLY TOWN: a Little
Book for the Urbane. Compiled by E. V. LUCAS.
Second Edition. Fcap. svo, 5a ; India Paper, 7t-. BfL
LET YOUTH BUT KNOW: a Plea
for Reason in Education. By KAPPA. Crown Svo,
S& ('<!. net.
" The book reveals not only a mind of originality and
earnestness, but also that literary skill in the presentation
of a case which can make interesting even the dry detail of
educational discussion ... We hail with approval the
trumpet-call of this appeal"— Daily Arena
METHUEN'S POPULAR NOVELS.
six SHILLINGS EACH,
THE SCAR F.W.Dawson.
VIVIEN W. 13. Maxwell.
THE RAGGED MESSENGER
W. 13. Maxwell.
FABULOUS FANCIES.
W. 13. Maxwell.
THE ANCIENT LANDMARK.
E. C. Waltz.
METHUEN'S SIXPENNY BOOKS are the best,
and should be asked for every where. The new one is
THE WILD DUCK SHOOTER, by ALEX-
ANDRE DUMAS.
METHUEN & CO. 3(3, Essex Street, Strand, W.C.
N°4082, Jan. 20, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
69
SATURDAY, JANUARY ,.'0, 1006.
■84
CONTENTS.
Pi
The Letters of Horace Walpole
A New Translation of Turgenieff
The Company of Girdlers
Madame Geoffrin and her Salon
New Novels (A Golden Trust ; Anna of the Plains ;
For the White Cockade ; The Inseparables ; The
Coining of the Tide ; A Royal Rascal ; Who was
Lady Thurne ? Rosamond's Morality). . .. 72-
Calendars and Year-Books
Our Library Table (Sermons and Selections of
Creighton ; The Hearseys ; Man to Man ; The
Cloak of Friendship ; Marie Antoinette ; Addenda
to Bercher's ' Nobility of Women ' ; The Haunts of
Men ; Mary Moule ; John Lyly ; Costumes of High-
land Clans and Regiments ; Political Parables) 74-
List of New Books
Thomas Gray in Peterhouse ; Incorporated
Association of Head Masters ; Sir Mount-
stuakt Grant Biff ; The Book Sales of
1905; The ]477 Venice Edition of the 'Divina
Commedia ' ; The Early English Brama
Society 76-
Literary Gossip
Science — Research Notes; Anthropological
Notes; societies; Meetings Next Week;
Gossip si-
Fine Arts — The Old Masters at Burlington
House ; Academicians at the Carfax Gallery ;
The Department of Coins in the British
Museum ; Gossip S4-
Music— London Symphony Orchestra in Paris;
Gossip; Performances Next Week .. 86-
Drama — French Plays; Alma Mater; A Royal
Divorce ; The Electra of Euripides ; Le
Sonnet dArvers ; Gossip 87-
Index to Advertisers
LITERATURE
The Letters of Horace Walpole. Vols. XIII.-
XVI. Edited by Mrs. Paget Toynbee.
(Oxford, Clarendon Press.)
With these four volumes Mrs. Paget
Toynbee completes her great task, which
has been probably one of the most formid-
able of its kind in our time. As she began
she went on, and the conclusion maintains
her high level of editorial efficiency. The
notes remain what they started with
being — adequate, and not officious ;
friendly guides, and not encyclopaedic
notices. One reads Walpole for his
own sake, and he is sufficiently explana-
tory himself at times to render an inter-
preter unnecessary ; but when there is
any doubt as to his meaning Mrs. Toynbee
is at hand (or rather at foot) to make the
necessary explanations. Thus Walpole
in a lengthy letter to the Countess of
Upper Ossory recounts the beginnings of
his friendship with the Miss Berrys, and
our editor merely adds a few posthumous
details, and makes a correction :—
" It was not Mr. Berry's father who dis-
inherited him, but liis maternal uncle, Mr.
Ferguson, a successful Scotch merchant,
who made a large fortune, and purchased
the estate of Raith in Fifeshire."
The coping - stone of this editorial
work is naturally the index, which forms
the sixteenth volume, and unfortunately
has been the cause of differences between
Mrs. Toynbee and the Delegates of the
Clarendon Press. Mrs. Toynbee, pre-
paring an index on her own lines, desired
the postponement of the publication for
a few months. The Delegates could not
see their way to adopt this course, and
Mrs. Toynbee then handed over her work
to others. She states that her plan was
subjected to alterations, and disclaims
responsibility. From a note by the Dele-
gates we gather that the Rev. Andrew
Clark completed the indexing of persons,
and Messrs. Greentree, Berry, and Bell
assisted with the other indexes ; and the
Delegates express regret that " the amal-
gamation of the new matter with that
furnished by Mrs. Toynbee, and the com-
pression of the three indexes within the
limits of the volume, have necessitated
alterations of her work." It is certainly
to be deplored that so important and
laborious a work has not been crowned
by a complete index. That supplied
cannot be regarded as worthy of a great
scheme. A correspondent points out that
Anglo-Mania (vi. 341), London Fog(x. 169),
and Influenza (xii. 262), are all missing ;
nor is there sufficient reference to bio-
graphical particulars. The sixteenth
volume comprises " addenda et corri-
genda," genealogical tables, a list of
correspondents, and three indexes of per-
sons, places, and subjects.
With Walpole's advancing years his
correspondents undergo a slight change,
but he is already an old man now, since we
resume in the year 1783. The three epis-
tolary volumes cover the time between
that year and the year of Walpole's
death, 1797. By that time he had
enjoyed the honours of his earldom a
few years, and was, in Donne's fine
phrase, ebbing out " with those that
homeward go." He has still his old
confidant, Sir Horace Mann, at the other
end of the post ; the Countess of Upper
Ossory also is faithful ; the Rev. William
Mason appears with periodicity, and Han-
nah More grows more prominent. Walpole
suffers no change, unless it be that he is
a little sweetened with old age. At
least his letters have the look of it some-
times, and he does not seem to take quite
the malicious joy in the humours and
scandals of society that he was wont to
take. The Walpole of seventy is cer-
tainly not the Walpole of thirty. His
manners are as fine as ever, but he rings
a little more sincere, as when he writes
to " Saint Hannah " : —
" In truth I am nauseated by the Madams
Piozzi, &c, and the host of novel-writers in
petticoats, who think they imitate what is
inimitable, ' Evelina ' and ' Cecilia.' Your
candour, I know, will not agree with me,
when I tell you I am not at all charmed
with Miss Seward and Mr. Hayley piping
to one another : but you I exhort, and
would encourage to write ; and flatter
myself you will never be royally gagged
and promoted to fold muslins ; as lias been
lately wittily said on Miss Burney, in the
list of five hundred living authors. Your
writings promote virtues; and their in-
creasing editions prove their worth and
utility. If you question my sincerity, can
you doubt my admiring you, when you
have gratified my self-love so amply in
your ' Has Bleu.' Still, as much as [love
your writings, I respect yet more your heart
and your goodness. You aro so good that
I believe you would go to heaven, even
though there were no Sunday, and only
six working days in the week."
In these volumes most human interest
centres in the Berry correspondence.
The " Berries " occupied a big position
in Walpole's later years. He was seventy
when he made the acquaintance of those
two girls of twenty-four and twenty-five ;
and he came to depend upon their affec-
tion increasingly. He paints their por-
traits in an enthusiastic letter to the
Countess of Upper Ossory : —
" Mary, the eldest, sweet, with fine dark
eyes, that are very lively when she speaks,
with a symmetry of face that is the more
interesting from being pale ; Agnes, the
younger, has an agreeable, sensible counten-
ance, hardly to be called handsome, but
almost."
The first time he sat by Mary he
" found her an angel both inside and
out " ; and we have no doubt as to
which of the two was his favourite.
Walpole was a connoisseur of beauty
beyond contradiction, but we are bound
to say that the miniatures of the sisters
by Miss Mee, reproduced in these volumes,
do not altogether suggest the charm
they had for Walpole. They are two
comely young women, but how did they
accomplish the storming of Walpole's
heart ? They are to him " dearest angels " ;
he claims them as his wives, and reproaches
them for their silence. It is all in his old
way ; the habit is inveterate : —
" In France, where nuptiality is not the
virtue most in request, a wife will writ©
to her consort, though the doux billet should
contain but two sentences, of which I will
give you a precedent. A lady sent the
following to her spouse : ' Je vous ecris,
parce que je n'ai rien a faire ; et je finis,
parce que je n'ai rien a vous dire.'
Is there anywhere his equal at this
light badinage ? Yet his alfection was
no light matter. Shortly after his acces-
sion to the title through the death of his
dissolute nephew, some insinuations on
the nature of his relations witli the young
ladies were made in a public print, and
Mary Berry apparently resented this, and
sought to terminate the close friendship.
This set Walpole in a panic. " My dearest
angel," he writes ; and he pleads : —
" Is all your felicity to be in the power of
a newspaper ? who is not so ? Are your
virtue and purity, and my innocence about
you ; are our consciences no shield against
anonymous folly or envy ? Would you
only condescend to be my friend if I were a
beggar ?.... For your own Bake, for poor
mine, combat such extravagant delicacy,
and do not poison the few days of a life
which you, and you only, can sweeten."
Sincere distress rings in those clamant
sentences. The old man was losing his
daughters. Mrs. Toynbee states in a
note, "on the authority of Miss Berry's
maid, who survived to L896 or 1S97, that
Walpole offered his ' hand and heart ' to
Mary Berry, and his ' hand and coronet '
to Agnes Berry — doubtless with a view
of securing their constant society." This
might very well have been done in exten-
sion of that badinage so characteristic of
him. But one doubts the value of a
70
tii i«: Arii EN ;1-;um
N 1082, Jam. 20, L906
statement made after a long lapse of
tunc l>\ a woman who must 1 1 . i \ < ■ been
young when the two Berrya were old
women. The Berry episode remaina no
puzzle, and is only interesting because
it happened to a man of Walpole's tem-
perament.
In this definitive edition it was probably
considered necessary i<> include <-\ ery scrap
thai Walpole wrote. Yet there is no vital
interest in such correspondence as ; —
Mr. Walpole, being now muoh better,
will be glad of the honour of Boeing Sir
John Kcnn any morning after eleven that
he is at leisure.
The last Letter in this correspondence
is numbered 3021, and is addressed to
his old friend the Countess of Upper
Ossory, who had been showing his " idle
notes" to others. It was written but a
few weeks before his death. He remon-
strates with her for so doing, and
deprecates himself as some one past his
time. He is regarded by his fourscore
nephews and nieces, who are brought to
visit him once a year, as a Methusalem
to stare at ; and he begs to be let
alone : —
"I shall be quite content with a sprig of
rosemary thrown after me, when the parson
of the parish commits my dust to dust."
These volumes are his rosemary, and
we cannot conceive that the world will
ever forget them.
The Novels and Stories of Ivan Turgenieff.
Translated from the Russian by Isabel
Hapgood. 16 vols. (Dent & Co.)
In these well-printed and handsome
volumes Miss Isabel Hapgood gives us a
complete translation of the works of
Turgenieff, thereby entering into com-
petition with the version of Mrs. Garnet t,
which first occupied the field. There was
need of a translation into English of
the writings of one of the foremost
novelists of his time, and this was to a
certain extent furnished by Mrs. Garnett.
The present version, however, by Miss
Hapgood is more extended, as it includes
all the well - known works, with the
addition of a few writings of minor
importance which had not been before
translated. We have thus the most
complete translation which has been
issued. The tales were known to
many who were unacquainted with
Russian by means of French versions,
some of which were good and some indif-
ferent. There appears to be no truth in the
story that many of these versions were
inspired by Turgenieff himself.
The volumes of Mrs. Garnett's trans-
lation have been reviewed from time
to time by us. Her version is in
elegant English, and perhaps in this
respect superior to that of Miss Hapgood,
who indulges in an occasional American-
ism. But on the whole the translation
of the latter is distinctly good, and she
has the advantage of giving more notes
than her English rival. The introductory
remarks to each volume contain very
useful matter, on the circumstances in
which eaoh novel appeared and the
opinions of the authors countrymen and
i ontemporariee, especially in the
Fathers and Children : and Virgin Soil.'
\\ ■ know that .Miss BapgOOd 1- well
acquainted with the Russian langu
ana Russian literature from her book on
' The Epic Songs of Russia,' which met
with considerable success. It is not
always easy to get an exact equivalent
in Knglish for the titles of some of the
novels, but we cannot applaud the render-
ing 'A Nobleman's Nest,' though it i-
literal ; nor is odnodvorets, in ' The
Memoirs of a Sportsman,' adequately
translated "freeholder." lint the choice
of English word- in both these cases is very
limited.
The little biographical notices intro-
duced into each volume are valuable and
suggestive. A great deal of the writing
of Turgenieff is essentially autobiogra-
phical, although he sometimes denied it.
We are surprised that Miss Hapgood has
never lighted on — at all events, makes no
allusion to — the valuable papers which
appeared, not long after the novelist's
death, in the Viestnik Yevropi, by Madame
Zhitov, who was the adopted daughter of
Turgenieff's mother, and tells many highly
dramatic anecdotes. These interesting
papers have never been translated into
English. From them we learn that the
story of Mumu is indubitably based
on actual facts, and that the author's
mother was the cruel mistress who
caused the tragedy. So also in the
striking article on death in ' The
Memoirs of a Sportsman,' we find the
story of the strong - minded lady who
paid the priest for his offices at her bed-
side, even when in articulo mortis : she
was Turgenieff's grandmother. He wishes
to show in what a stoical manner Russians
can die. There are, also, many allusions
in the minor sketches to the author's
father. The traditions of the glories of
the reign of Catherine, in ' The Memoirs
of a Sportsman ' and other tales, were
derived at first hand from family serfs —
perhaps the old family doctor, who,
although a well-educated man, was still
a serf, and liable to the rudest outbursts
of Madame Turgenieff's temper. When-
ever the life of the great novelist is written,
these papers must be carefully studied.
The Russian authors and men of action
alluded to in the text are generally
noticed in a conscientious manner by Miss
Hapgood, and with remarkable accuracy.
Perhaps we might have had more of such
guidance, for how little do names such as
Novikoff mean to the English reader — or
that of Venelin, who may be said to have
discovered the Bulgarians ! KatranotT.
the Bulgarian alluded to in the introduc-
tion to ' On the Eve,' will be found duly
chronicled among Bulgarian authors in
the 'History of Slavonic Literatures' by
Pi pin and Spasovich. But undoubtedly
these notes show a good deal of reading.
We have remarked only one slip. ' The
Prisoner of the Caucasus,' by Pushkin,
is assigned to Lermontov.
As regards a general criticism of Tur-
genieff, it is too late in the day to attempt
one. It may fearlessly be -aid that he
taken In- place a- a classic. \\ <
in entire agreement with the eloquent
-. by Mi . Henry Jamea w hich int
duces tin- translation. One of the last
occasions on which Turgeniefl w
in public in England was in 1879 at
Oxford, when he had a D.C.L. (not LL.D.,
a- Mi BapgOOd say-, which i- not an
Oxford degree) conferred upon him. All
were struck with the noble appearance of
this generouc and ij mpathetic man. whom
Mr. Jamea ha- so well described. Poor
years afterwards he was to expire from a
most painful disease. But he had written
enough to secure a deathless name, not
merely in the literat ure of hi- ow n country,
but also in that of the whole civilized
world. His women may be ranked with
those Shakspearean type- which fill us
with wonder. Liza, Irene, and Helen
may be classed with Cordelia, Imogen,
and Juliet. No Russian author has ever
brought before us so forcibly the charac-
teristics of the landscape of his country.
Throughout the tales there is a weird
pathos such as we hear in the compositions
of Chopin —
The still, -ad music of humanity.
We ought to add that each volume of
this translation contains a characteristic
and well-executed illustration.
An Historical Account of the Worshipful
Company of Girdlers, London. By W.
Dumville Sinythe. (Chiswick Press.)
The Girdlers' Company originally existed
as a fraternity which looked upon St.
Laurence as its patron saint, and, as
such, assumed for its coat of arms the
martyr's emblem, the gridiron on which
he was slowly done to death. It became
an incorporated company by charter of
Henry VI. in 1449 ; and with the Girdlers
were included the Pinners and also
the Wire-workers by charter of Queen
Elizabeth in 1568. This amalgamation
of crafts gave rise to so much friction
between the craftsmen and the governing
body of the Company that Charles I.
was induced in 1640 to allow the Pinners
to sever their connexion with the Girdlers,
whilst granting a fresh charter to the
Girdlers and Wire-workers apart from the
Pinners. The Wire-workers, who were
closely associated, if not indeed identical,
with the Plate-workers, appear to have
remained nominally a branch of the
Girdlers' Company at least as late as
the Company's last Charter, granted in
1685, although in the Appendix to the
Report of the Livery Companies' Com-
mission of 1880 we find the Tinplate-
workers, otherwise Wire-workers, claiming
to be a chartered company by virtue of
a grant made to them by Charles II. in
December, 1670.
The articles manufactured by artisans
of the Girdlers1 Company were many
and various, embracing as they did, in
addition to girdles proper, such things
as garters and buckles for personal wear
as well as fish-hooks, needles, sieves, and
N°4082, Jan. 20, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
1
household utensils, including dripping-
pans. Certain ordinances for regulating the
" mistery " were approved by Edward III.
-soon after his accession. These forbade
the " garnishing " of girdles with lead,
pewter, or tin, or other " false thing,"
and authorized the appointment of
searchers to see that the ordinances
were duly observed. In 1344 a fresh
set of ordinances were approved by the
Court of Aldermen, among them being
one forbidding men of the mistery to
work either at " roset " or " tirlet."
Mr. Smythe confesses himself unable to
■explain these terms It may be a satis-
faction for him to learn that just about a
century later this ordinance was repealed
at the express wish of members of the
■Company, on the ground that the terms
were to them of that day " so strange "
that they had no knowledge of them.
The chief sources of information con-
sulted by Mr. Smythe (apart from the
Company's own records) appear to be
the printed ' Memorials of London ' com-
piled by the late Mr. H. T. Riley, for the
Corporation of the City, in 1868 from
the so-called " Letter-Books " preserved
at the Guildhall ; the several Calendars
of the same books in course of publi-
cation, on behalf of the same body, at
the present time ; and a Calendar of
Wills proved and enrolled in the Court of
Husting between 1258 and 1688. It is
not at all clear that he has personally
examined any original records other than
those of the Girdlers' Company, although
his style might at times give one a con-
trary impression. However this may be,
for the early history of the Company he
is almost entirely indebted to the City's
publications just mentioned, the Com-
pany's own minute-books prior to 1622
having been either lost or destroyed.
The earlier surviving minute-books of
the Company disclose the existence of
considerable dissension between the crafts-
men and the governing body, the former
complaining of the laxity of the latter
in enforcing the ordinances of the mistery.
Fines were thereupon imposed on those
who produced bad work, but this mode
of promoting efficiency was objected to
by the craftsmen, who on several occa-
sions appealed to the Court of Aldermen,
but without effect. Another grievance
that the craftsmen had, or thought they
had, was not being allowed to make
search for bad workmanship on their
own account. Whilst the governing body
expressed themselves as willing to call
in a number of craftsmen to assist in
making search, they emphatically de-
clined to give craftsmen liberty to search
by themselves. This formed a bone of
contention for several years, and " put
the Company to great charges." At lengt li
a compromise was effected, and a new
charter was obtained in 1640 (as already
mentioned) embodying the (runs on
which all parties were agreed.
During the troublous times of the
Civil War the Company found itself un-
able to meet the numerous calls made on
its funds, and its plate bad to be sold, and
money raised by summoning "yeomen"
of the Company to take up their livery,
and imposing fines on those who refused.
The Company's hall was destroyed in the
Great Fire of 1666, and was not rebuilt,
for lack of money, until 1681. Mr.
Smythe gives an interesting account of
the so-called " magic carpet " presented
to the Company by Robert Bell in 1634,
and now hanging on the north wall of
the Company's hall, having luckily escaped
the Great Fire. For many years it lay
on one of the Company's tables, and
little notice was taken of it. Recent
investigations, however, in the books of
the old East India Company have estab-
lished its identity with a carpet made at
the royal factory at Lahore for Robert
Bell, whose arms it bears, together Avith
the arms of the Girdlers and two bales
of merchandise stamped with Bell's initials
and trade-marks.
All this, and much more, is pleasantly
set out in Mr. Smythe's pages, but his
work is more suited for popular reading
than for the serious student, who requires
that dates of charters, &c, should be
accurately given, and extracts correctly
printed. In such matters we find Mr.
Smythe somewhat careless, whilst the
index to his work appears to have been
compiled by a novice.
Madame Geoffrin : her Salon and her
Times. By Janet Aldis. (Methuen &
Co.)
There is a considerable class of persons
— victims of a prejudice having its roots
far back in the seventeenth century —
whose principles will by no means permit
them to confine their reading, as their
inclination bids, to works of fiction. In
order to tranquillize their consciences,
these people keep a " solid " work — the
latest biography, the newest popular book
of travels, the freshest modern abridgment
of some old-time memoir — continually on
hand. About Balzac or George Meredith
there is always a lurking suspicion of
frivolity ; but in the most trivial ' Life
and Letters,' or the least substantial
rechauffe of bygone gossip, they find a
safe resting-place for the intellect and a
shelter from all moral misgivings. By
such readers as these the volume before
us will be warmly appreciated. It does
not offer a living picture of the society
with which it deals, nor even of any indi-
vidual belonging to that society. But it
treats of an interesting age ; its pages
teem with famous names ; and the scraps
of information of which it is made up are
of exactly the right kind. That is to say,
they will add nothing to the student of the
eighteenth century in France, while they
meet perfectly the needs of those who
would like to know something about thai
century without studying it.
We doubt, however, any general par-
ticipation in the author's unqualified
enthusiasm for her principal subject.
As a personality, a-; a social phenomenon,
still more as a social type modified by
peculiar circumstances, Madame Geoffrin
is interesting. But hers is not a figure
which lends itself to the heroic style
of portraiture ; on a moral pedestal
it appears sadly out of place. Yet
on a moral pedestal Miss Aldis would
fain raise and maintain it. She
has built up a touching belief in her
heroine's greatness of soul, and clings to
it in face of well-established facts and
unimpeachable contemporary testimony —
in face of Madame Geoffrin's acknowledged
lack of enthusiasm for great causes, of the
cold-heartedness which could find Vol-
taire's impassioned plea on behalf of the
tortured and oppressed victims of t3^ranny
and obscurantism " crazy " and " com-
mon," of the self-regarding timidity which
declined to imperil personal popularitjr on
behalf of the closest friend ; even in face
of the visit thrust upon a reluctant royal
host, and the Masses secretly attended lest
religious practices, necessary to one who
desired to stand well both with Heaven
and the Encyclopedists, should have the
fatal issue of driving from her salon the
brilliant band of free-thinkers who were
its chief ornament. Miss Aldis sees, appa-
rently, no inconsistency in the lofty
morality which excluded Madame
d'Epinay from a dinner - table at
which the Due de Richelieu was
permitted to sit, and nothing doubt-
ful in the substitution of the muti-
lated edition of Montesquieu's ' Lettres
Familieres ' for the genuine article.
Yet she reports the latter transaction
at length ; indeed, to her honour be
it said, there is nowhere in her book
any attempt to wrest facts in favour
of her theory. Occasionally her whole-
hearted championship leads her to under-
value the force of the circumstances that
helped to shape the remarkable social
career of the daughter of Rodet, the
Dauphin's valet de chambre ; thus she
ignores as far as possible the fact that
Madame Geoffrin's salon " derived " from
that of Madame de Tencin. Once or twice
it makes her slightly unfair to persons :
it does not, for instance, strike her that,
since Rulhiere had not " his price " for
the manuscript which displeased Cathe-
rine of Russia, he was wholly within his
rights in resenting Madame Geoffrin's high-
handed demand that he should name it
forthwith before a gathering of their
common friends.
After so much indiscriminate Incense-
burning, it is a relief to turn to the calm,
if slightly cruel judgment of Horace Wal-
pole, his well-bred impatience of Madame
Geoffrin's readiness to lay down the law.
his contemptuous dismisssal of her claims
to taste in art. (It says much for Miss
Aldis's candour that she has not shrunk
from inserting letters which take so little
favourable a view of her heroine.) Wal-
pole. was. of course, far too clever to he
blind to Madame Geoffrin's pood qualities
— her shrewdness, common sense and t act :
for these he gives her due credit. Hut
his testimony, like Mai'montel's. i< fatal
to the cult which Mi>s Aldis seeks to
establish.
In spite of the pains taken with Madame
Geoffrin, it cannot with truth he said that
she emerges from our author's hand-
72
T I! E A T II E X .K I' M
\
1082, -I ur. 20, L906
ling a very lifelike figure, This is partly
owing t<> her biographer's anxious at-
tempt- to soften angles and lighten
shadows ire bare onlj to turn to Mar-
montcl. who was at m> such |»ains, to
the woman in her habit as she lived
partly to the fart that grasp of character
i- not a Strong point with Mi— Aldis.
Diderot and I) Alembert appear fre-
quently in tin- course of her story: but
they remain shadows to the end. Konte-
nelle and Grimm are somewhat better
" materialized," ohiefly l>\ the help of con-
temporary descriptions; Mile, de I'Espi-
nasse, on the other hand, is totally out
of drawing. It seems incredible that any
one who has read the famous 1,'Kspinasse
love-letters (as Miss Aldis has apparently
done) — those endless variations on a single
art <l, <■'! ur : " Je vis, toute en vous ;
j'existe parce que je vous aime " — should
refuse to believe in the reality of the
writer's passion for the man to whom they
are addressed.
A chronicle of this sort should be salted
with humour, if possible. In the present
work that attractive quality is not con-
spicuous, for we can hardly suppose that
the author intended to amuse us by her
grave assurance that Madame Geoffrin
"never quite approved of Diderot. There
are several repetitions which more careful
proof - reading would easily have
discovered. We cannot commend the
style of the book, which is un-
pleasantly jerky ; the French phrases
which besprinkle its pages are so
persistently misspelt as to raise a doubt
whether the printer is in every case
responsible for the error. Miss Aldis is
fond of describing Madame Geoffrin as a
" saloniere " (sic) — a word sanctioned
neither by Littre nor the Academic. The
feminine form of " salonnier " denotes a
" lady- reporter " of art exhibitions — not at
all the kind of person Miss Aldis has in
view.
NEW NOVELS.
A Golden Trust. By Theo. Douglas.
(Smith, Elder & Co.)
We have here a story which, in common
with many latter-day novels, shows in
its beginning a promise scarcely fulfilled
by the conclusion. There is perhaps no
great originality in the conception of the
wrecker's lost treasure and the adventures
which befall those seeking it, yet the
quaint atmosphere of over a hundred
years ago, and the grey East Coast land-
scape, flanked by the wintry sea, are sug-
gested with much charm and distinction.
But when the tale is half way through, we
are suddenly transported to Paris, and
the Paris of the year 1792 has loomed
too large in the fiction of the past to be
a theme easy of manipulation. Robes-
pierre with his humanitarian views,
Madame Roland and her salon, the
10th of August, and the massacres of
September— all these things impress us
with something of the tediousness of a
more than twice-told tale. We are spared
the guillotine, however, and for this for-
bearanoe tin; author i- fairly entitled to
Borne measure i >i gral itude.
A a /in i,i iln Plains. By Alice and Claude
kakew. (White & Co.)
In Bpite of the melodrama of its opening
pages, this is a romance of real human
interest stimulated by a pervading atmo-
sphere of wide-rolling veldt. Michael
O'Donoghan (we are told that he i- an
Irishman, but there is little to betray his
nationality save his patronymic), after-
some preliminary knocks from unkind
fate, finds himself installed as overseer on
a Boer farm under a stern old fanatic.
The old man is no new type, neither is
this our first introduction to Tante Sarah,
his second wife, coarse, vindictive, and
elemental ; but little Anna, the daughter
of an earlier marriage, is as fresh as Eve
herself, and, mainly on her account, the
book is worth reading. The staginess of
the first chapter and the vague chaos of
the last are to be regretted, but the central
figure is an illuminating study of girlhood
and womanhood,
For the White Cockade. By J. E. Muddock.
(John Long.)
Mr. Muddock is always a good story-
teller, but on this occasion has not,
perhaps, chosen the best field for his
powers. His period is that of the rising
of '45, but he has not attempted any
general view, confining himself to the last
wiles and gloomy fate of that arch-
intriguer, the twelfth Lord Lovat. His
portrait of Mac Shimi is well drawn on the
conventional lines, and he appears to
have studied the style of diction of his
hero. One fancies that, had he had access
to the quaint domestic letters from Lovat
to his son's " governor," he would hardly
have converted " little Sandy," or " the
Brig," as his father called him, into an
imaginary Angus, supposed to have been
killed by a fall in escaping from Stirling
Castle. The real son died a general in
the Dutch service. Sybilla, too, " my
daughter Siby," died unmarried. There
is no harm in marrying her to a chivalrous
English officer, except for the reminiscence
of ' Waverley.' Her adventures and
escapes are excellently set forth, but we
do not think she would have put on thick
boots to dress the part of a Highland
dairy-maid ; and we must protest against
broad " Lallands " in the mouth of a
Highland prophetess like Miriam.
The Inseparables : an Oxford Novel of
To-day. By James Baker. (Chapman
& Hall.)
Mr. James Baker is the author of several
stories which have been accepted as suc-
cessful, so that he may be said to have
gauged the requirements of a section of
the reading public in the matter of fiction.
It is not the most intellectual section to
which he makes his appeal — but neither
is it the section which finds enjojunent
only when wild incident follows hot-foot
upon wild incident. Here he presents
a \uriety of characters, but differentii
them more by descriptions of theii doit
than by any re\ elation of what they ai>-.
Pour young Oxford men form the central
character-- the hero, the villain, the
victim, and a somewhat shadowy fourth,
the most influential of all, who
disappears out of the pages in an urn
plained fashion and remains only a« a
subtle telepathic influence. Mr. Baker,
when he attempts to describe crude
crime or to indicate psychological pheno-
mena, is not convincing. A- the teller
of a pleasant modern story, showing vice
vanquished and virtue triumphant, Mr.
Baker may be Baid to have succeeded with
this novel; but reader- with a taste for
the literary graces will regret a score of
offences against them — such tautology
" there is a great deal of vicarious suffering
goes on to benefit other folk " ; unm
wrord-coining, and the too frequent use
of " ere," which is made to mean both
" ever " and " before."
The Comiiuj of the Tide. By Margaret
Sherwood. (Constable & Co.)
A strong love of nature is a conspicuous
feature of a large proportion of the numer-
ous novels now imported from America.
It is displayed most lavishly in ' The
Coming of the Tide,' a simple love story
with one dramatic situation. The story
is not uninteresting, and the character-
ization is not wanting in vivacity ; but
the book is marred by its pretentious
descriptions of scenery. The heroine has
an unpleasant habit of talking confiden-
tially to the sea, and the narrative is re-
peatedly broken by lengthy observations
on such familiar topics as " the mystery
of infinite distance " and " the joy of the
oncoming wave." There is, however,
enough merit in the book to justify the
belief that the author may write a much
better novel when she has acquired more
restraint.
A Royal Rascal. By Major Arthur Grif-
fiths. (Fisher Unwin.)
The sub-title of this well-written novel is
' Episodes in the Career of Col. Sir Theo-
philus St. Clair. K.C.B.' Though it pos-
sesses the inevitable defect of episodic
stories — a lack of continuity of interest —
' A Royal Rascal,' with its exciting adven-
tures by land and sea and its excellent
series of historical portraits, is decidedly
readable. The story, which derives it<
title from the sobriquet earned by the
Colonel's regiment in the Peninsula, opens
at Gibraltar, where young St. (lair wins
his commission by detecting a plot against
the garrison, and closes at Waterloo, where
his last adventure costs him a limb. Wel-
lington. Napoleon, Sir John Moore, Mar-
shal Ney, and Sir David Baird are among
the figures of whom vivid glimpses are to
be caught in the Colonel's company. The
book, while containing much that is attrac-
tive to readers of all ages, is particularly
suited for bovs.
N°4082, Jan. 20, 1906
TH'E ATHEN^UM
73
Who was Lady Thurne ? By Florence
Warden. (John Long.)
Miss Warden's latest novel bears the
marks of perfunctory work. It is not
new in idea, nor is it conscientious in
elaboration. The author does not take
the trouble to render the events probable.
It is not explained how the first Lady
Thurne was shipwrecked, and why she
lost her memory ; nor is it explained why
her husband, believing her dead, married
again. The second Lady Thurne has a
lover, and the first Lady Thurne endea-
vours to save her from him and herself,
which does not strike us as very convincing.
Moreover, she refuses to reveal herself to
her husband to spare him and his children.
This is a case of ' Enoch Arden ' on the
feminine side. What is most inexplicable
is that the lady is not recognized after six
or seven years' absence either by her
schoolfellow or her husband. To be sure,
she has been in an asylum and her hair is
white, but she is only twenty-nine. How-
ever, she succeeds in regaining some of
her youthful brightness, and detection
comes, with a train of consequences. It
is not necessary to say that the author
manages to solve the problem in a satis-
factory way for the virtuous people.
Rosamond's Morality. By Gordon C.
Whadcoat. (Greening & Co.)
This is a love story in thirty-two " talks,"
and all the talking is done by the two
lovers. At first, when Cecil and Rosa-
mond are boy and girl, the dialogue has a
dainty kind of humour, but as the story
developes it loses its attractiveness. The
characters are wanting in vitality. Rosa-
mond has a worthless cousin whom she
hates, but, believing that she alone can
reclaim him, she deems it her duty to
marry him. Hence the loquacity of the
lovers before they make each other happy.
Mr. Whadcoat, whose earlier novel, ' His
Lordship's Whim,' gave promise of some-
thing much better than ' Rosamond's
Morality,' was ill-advised to write a dia-
logue story. He has not at present the
craftsmanship for so delicate a piece of
work.
CALENDARS AND YEAR-BOOKS.
In his Calendar of Letter-Books of the City
of London : Letter-Book 0, 1352-1374 (printed
by order of the Corporation) Dr. Reginald
Sharpe opens up to scholars a new instal-
ment of the rich treasures of the City
archives of which lie is the custodian.
The editing and the introductory matter
are on the whole competent, but it may be
complained that Dr. Sharpe does not always
give us quite as much help as he might render.
Some references are indefinite. When a
document is dated "the Monday after the
Feast of St. Michael, 28 Edward III.," the
editor tells us that the feast of the archangel
is on September 29th, but does not tell us
what was the exact date of the Monday
after Michaelmas in the year 1354. Wc
do not see great use in printing in the
margin (lie occasional headings in Latin
and old French, when the documents
themselves are summarized in English in
the text. Some of the annotations are
rather vague^asTthat, for instance, which
tells us that in 1373 " the marriage of the
Duke of Lancaster to Constance of Castile
....had driven the actual King of Castile
to join forces with the King of France."
There was no mystery about Thoresby's
translation from Worcester to York, as the
note on p. 5 would almost suggest. Though
not enthroned till 1354, he was translated
by provision on October 23rd, 1352, three
months after the death of his predecessor.
" Franche prison" (p. 31) surely does not
mean a " prison for freemen." The peace
proclaimed on November 6th, 1360, was
not the " peace signed at Bretigni "
(p. 123), but the definitive treaty con-
cluded at Calais. A little more trouble
in ascertaining the modern forms of
names would have made the elaborate
index more valuable. On the other hand,
Dr. Sharpe is to be commended for the
pains he has taken to indicate where
documents have been printed already, and
for refusing to set forth at length such as
are already easily accessible.
The fifth volume of Mr. G. J. Morris's
Calendar of the Patent Rolls of Richard II.
(1391-1396) appears three years after his
fourth instalment of this important collection
(Stationery Office). The documents sum-
marized include many which throw light
on the practical difficulties caused by the
schism in the Church, as, for example, the
inability of Cistercian houses to elect fresh
abbots since the abbot of the mother house
of Citeaux was a " schismatic," whose juris-
diction they were not permitted to recognize.
A large proportion of the patents, as usual,
illustrate the chronic, disorders of a mediaeval
State, as, for instance, the interesting entry
on p. 605 which describes a Lenten riot at
Oxford against the Welsh students, in which
bands patrolled the streets crying in English,
" War ! War ! Slay, slay the Welsh dogs
and their helps ! and whoso looketh out of
his house, he shall be dead." Thisshowsthat
clerks in their moments of relaxation preferred
the vernacular to Latin. The Calendar
also contains a fair number of earlier docu-
ments, enrolled by way of inspeximus, as,
for example, the two important thirteenth-
century Hereford Charters printed in
extenso on pp. 422-5 Mr. Morris has done
his work well, and his index is good. None
of the slight slips that we have noticed is
likely to cause difficulty to any one using
the volume.
Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1401-1405.
(Stationery Office.) — The contents of this
volume cannot be said to throw fresh light
on the political history of the period it
covers. There are naturally, however,
entries which remind us of the trouble
with Glendower and the rising of the Percies :
orders are given for the distribution of the
four quarters of Harry Percy and the heads
of the Baron of Kinderton and Sir Richard
Vernon after the battle of Shrewsbury, and
we have interesting glimpses of the forfeited
stuffs of Harry Percy and the Earl of
Worcester, the former " powdered with
white turrets." Of the defeat of the French
fleet at Portland we are reminded by the
apportionment of the prize-money repre-
sented by the ransoms of the prisoners.
We hear also of the rumours of conspiracies,
based on the belief that Richard II. was
slill alive, culminating in the arrest of the
Esses abbots of Colchester, Si. Osyth's, and
Beeleigh in 1404. The burgesses of Col-
chester had, shortly before, been excused
from sending representatives to Parliamenl
for six years in consideration of their costs
" in the enclosure of the town with B w .ill of
stonoand lime" against "the king's enemies."
For the history of religious houses and for
the foundation of chantries the Patent Rolls
are always of great value, but they are not
helpful for the Lollard movement, though
we find a notable protection (Novem-
ber 22nd, 1401) for Nicholas Hereford, who
" is manfully opposing the disciples of Anti-
Christ who strive to attract not only laymen,
but even clergy and literates, to their
heresies." The student of municipal history
should note the confirmation of an old
charter granted by an Earl of Pembroke
to Tenby, with the power, in addition, to
elect mayor and bailiffs ; also the grant of a
gild merchant to Cirencester in 1403, and
a curious lease from the Bishop of London
to the men of Maldon of his buildings and
his rights in that town. At Maldon, as at
Colchester, there was then a " Motehall,"
and, as at Ipswich, " Portesmanmersh "
shows us there were " portmen." In 1401
there is a curious order for the " usher
of the company of ' la Gartier ' within the
castle of Wyndesore," concerning his duties
and the custody of the black rod. It is
to the rolls of the early part of the fifteenth
century that we must look for light on a
process still somewhat obscure, the diffe-
rentiation of the peerage ; for it was only at
this late period that lords and commoners
began to be clearly distinguished by their
styles. It is evident from the volume before
us that the " chivaler " of writs of summons
was applied broadcast, whether those so
styled were ever summoned or not ; and
although at first sight it might be supposed
that "lord" was already the regular style
of a lord of Parliament, careful study of
these pages shows that the style was used
haphazard, as in the cases of John de Lovell,
" chivaler," and John, lord of Lovell ;
Richard Grey and Richard, lord of Grey.
The process as yet was inchoate. It is still
necessary for historical students to look
right through these excellent calendars in
order to discover what of interest they
contain ; and it is to be wished that where
early charters, such as that of Earl Simon
of Northampton, are recited, they should
be specially indexed under ' Charters.' Paper
and print strike us as hardly worthy of the
labour lavished by the Record Office staff
on such volumes as this.
In his Year-Books of Edivard III. :
Years XVIII. and XIX., in the Rolls
Series (Stationery Office), Mr. L. O. Pike
gives us a further instalment of his excellent
and scholarly work. It is not the editor's
fault that " unexplained delays " have
retarded the appearance of this volume,
and he tells us that he has long had another
ready for the press. It is so important for
our knowledge of medi;eval history that
more of these priceless records should see
the light in modern editions that we cannot
but re-echo Mr. Pike's complaint. It is
much to be regretted if financial considera-
tions cause the publication of this series
to be postponed longer than is necessary.
If the Selden Society can produce a volume
a year, it. is not very creditable that the
State publications should Lag behind those
of a private body. In his interesting
though brief introduction Mr. Pike discourses
Upon what he calls "the legal and other
curiosities" revealed in his texts, and does
not scorn to note the jests of the judges,
their disagreements with each other, their
snubs to irrepressible counsel, their occa-
sional lapses into the vernacular, and the
other traits which render these private
reports so much more human than most
official records of the Middle Ages. <>i
special importance are the remarks on the
stnt us of villeinage, which is frequently
illustrated by the cases recorded in this
9
I
T II e atii EN .i:r M
N in-.'. .I-,-.. •.',). t906
Milium'. \\'r oannol agree, however, with
Mr. Pike thai a "clenoua" is aeoeaaarilj
a person "admitted ii ■ i < > holj orders," and
we i ii 1 1 1 _' i 1 1 « ■ In- is not quite clear as t<» the
wide meaning of " clergy " daring the four
teenth century. Anil we should be more
thoroughly com Lnoed <>t' tin- argument which
In- borrows from ETleta, thai it was the duty
nt a bishop to degrade tin' cleric of villein
origin it he were disobedienl or ungrateful to
Ins lord and manumitter, if any case could
be produced of such a degradation having
been actually accomplished by an ecclesi-
astical court. Verj interesting, however,
an- the analogies between the villein who
becomes a clerk and the villein who becomes
a knight. And we are not sure that the
hut that a man's surname was (been is
conclusive evidence that he was of " peasanl
extraction." We have again only to praise
Mr. Tike's texts and translations, and to
express our appreciation of the skill and
labour involved in extracting from the
records of the trials a large amount of
personal and detailed information, not
given in the reports because it illustrated
no legal points likely to interest practi-
tioners in the courts.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
.Mrs. Crkighton has done very well in
publishing her husband's sermons to under-
graduates in a separate volume, called The
Claims of the Common Life (Longmans).
They are models of what such sermons
should be, and are replete with all that
wealth of insight and sympathy which made
the great bishop what he was. Xo better
leaving present could be given to a serious-
minded schoolboy than this book. It may
safely be said that if he is not interested in
these sermons he never will be in any.
They may be read with advantage not only
by undergraduates, but also by every one
who has ever been an undergraduate. We
have said so much at different times of the
characteristics of the man who has been
termed the "greatest man in the English
Church since the Reformation " that it is
needless to do more than call attention to
the volume.
We should like to do the same, only even
more emphatically, for the little book
Counsels for the Young (Longmans), which
Mrs. Creighton has compiled, largely from
the two volumes of the biography. That
work is one of the most interesting of
recent biographies, but there are many
for whom it is too long, and this little
book contains in a few pages virtually
all the bishop's thoughts on the most im-
portant topics, and is the quintessence of
Ins philosophy of life. We think it may he
more useful than anything else he ever
wrote. Compiled nominally for the young,
it would be equally or nearly equally valuable
for people of mature or middle age. Its
influence, we predict, will be wide, and in
many ways it is becoming evident that
Creighton's power to help his countrymen
is greater now that he is gone than it was
even in his lifetime.
The Hearseya : Five Generations of an
Anglo-Indian Family. Edited by Col. Hugh
Pearse. (Blackwood & Sons.) — When re-
viewing the ' Memoirs ' of Col. Gardner, also
edited by Col. Pearse (Athenaeum, June 25th,
1808), we expressed regret that further par-
ticulars of the careers of European adven-
turers who had served under Asiatic rulers
had not been published. Since their daj's
times have changed, and the stories of men
who entered the service oi Ranjit Pinch In
the Punjabi the Nizam in Baidarabad,
Bindhia in Gwalior, and other.-, are increa
illgly diffiCuU to collect. Hence v. ■ w.|
come the preaenl volume, partly bees
of the stories of the earlier Ihar-iys or
Seroys, members of a Cumberland family
Connected with India since the middle of
the eighteenth century, hut chiefly heciiu >
of the autobiography of Sir John B. Sean
which is by fax the most interesting part of
the I look and fills over one-third of its pa.
It was apparently dictated to his daughter
towards the end of his life, and is a remark-
able testimony to the excellence of his
memory and his powers of description. lb
seems equally at homo when telling of his
birth at Midnapur in 1793, accompanied as
that event was by a portentous combat in
the verandah between a large Newfoundland
dog and a panther, presaging a career of
strife and adventure ; and in recording
minutely the circumstances of a duel, and
the accounts of armies and battles in which
he took part. Then, as now, " transporta-
tion " was a chief problem difficult of
solution.
Besides Sir John's history, the story of
his relative and father-in-law, Hyder Young
Hearsey, is told ; it recalls the adventures
of the Skinners, for both obtained large
tracts of country, which they administered,
and both married native ladies. Hearsey,
indeed, bought the parganas (division of a
district) of Dun and Chandi, and sold the
latter at an excellent profit to the East India
Company. For the Dun, however, he seems
never to have had any consideration, though
it is now of great value. In 1812 he accom-
panied Moorcroft, the well-known traveller,
to Lake Manasarowar in Tibet, near the
sacred Kailas Mountain, whence the waters
on our side flow by the Sutlej and Indus to
the Arabian Sea, and on the other side by
the Tsangpo, or Brahmaputra, to the Gulf of
Bengal.
The stories of the Hearseys are connected
and introduced by short narratives of events
in India at various times ; thus there are a
few pages about the Punjab and the Sikh
wars, reasonably correct except, perhaps,
that the praise of Lord Gough's generalship
is as much too flattering as contemporary
opinion was the reverse ; and a few pages
are devoted to the Mutiny. The volume is
well produced ; paper and type are excellent.
Man to Man. By the Rev. R. E. Welsh.
(Hodder & Stoughton.) — Few men know
better than Mr. Welsh, the author of ' God's
Gentlemen ' and ' The Relief of Doubt,' what
qualities should go to make up a young man,
and few are more likely to be listened to
by an audience of young men. He is a
sound thinker, engagingly frank, knows well
the fevers of young blood, and holds up
consistently high ideals. Moreover, he is a
bright writer, able on most occasions to give
a sentence or a thought some original turn.
He has, too, at his command a fund of tell-
ing illustration. We would gladly put this
volume into the hands of our sixth-form
public-school boys and our undergraduates,
and would further venture to commend it
to those who have the privilege of preaching
in school chapels. Mr. Welsh gauges well
the drift of our times, especially in their
want of individuality : —
" bank and outspoken individuality, running
into extravagance, lias its own risks, but it will be
only too well oarved and cut down to the ruling
standard in oourse of time. Greater in these re
taxing days in the risk of being an ape of others,
a chameleon thai takes its colour from n s surround
ings, an easy prey of the social drift."
Our educational system has much to answer
for in this relation, and it is foolishly thought
that change, (,f school curricula may
things right. We do not want a curriculum
planned to promote individuality, but rather
some l'ir,u,<i voids jirohmuUz in a bo
day, in which he may be I' it to himself, the
un. and the air. Very timely are the pro-
m these pages against "dulcet feeble-
ol character."
77c Cloak of Friendship, by Laurence
Housman (John Murray), contains seven
little itoriea of folk-tale design and allegoric
import, written in the author's well-known
style. ' Damien. the Worshipper,' is perhaps
the rnosl characteristic. Damien is a shep-
herd of a district which might be on the
borders of the Roman Oampagna, in the
Middle Ages. iJevoted to St. Agnes, he
takes part, in his own person, in the
legendary incidents of her life, even down
to the extinguishing by the miraculous in-
tervention of a fall of snow of the flames
of the fire lit to burn him. He is pursued
with love by a beautiful pagan who sells
images. His devotion to the saint preserves
him from her wiles, but her beauty en-
slaves the town populace to such an extent
that at a great Church festival she is ac-
claimed as the Madonna, and, by a sequence
of ideas which lias not been uncommon in
literature or in fact, the worship of the
Holy Mother turns into acclamation of the
pagan Venus, mother of Love. Even the
Church dignitaries join in the procession in
her honour, and it is Damien who throws
over her car and brings destruction upon
her following. For this he is condemned
as a wizard to be burnt alive, and to his
prison comes the pagan image-seller, Love,
to release him ; but he, making the sign of
the cross upon her, refuses to purchase
freedom by worshipping her, and, escaping
his death by the miracle already referred
to, returns to his sheep and his adoration
of St. Agnes.
The story of « The Cloak of Friendship '
itself, laid in Finland, gives the faculty of
speech and character to beasts. ' The House
of Rimmon ' is a study of a priest of
pagan times inwardly persuaded of the
truth of Christianity, though the later
religion has died of persecution in his land.
Gradually he endows his god, Rimmon,
with the attributes of Christ, and, on the
second coming of a Christian mission,
Rimmon goes down to meet their ship and
is engulfed, while " the ship and its croziered
Pilot came on," applauded by the former
worshippers of Rimmon, who accept the
incidents as signs of the supersession of
Rimmon himself.
The other stories are just as full of gentle
mysticism, and the occasional use of col-
loquial words would jar upon the poetic
interest, were it not that the characters are
always simple, though the meaning of their
words and actions is more transcendent than
their appearance. The yearnings are the
yearnings of children, not the less complex
because they are put forward with the
apparent inability of children to express
things not entirely understood even of the
author.
Marie Antoinette, by Pierre de Nolhac
(Arthur L. Humphreys), is a beautifully
printed and bandy edition of the large and
splendidly illustrated work brought out
seven years ago by Messrs. Goupil & Co.
It will be welcomed by many.
Addenda. Glossary, and Index to WiUiom
Bercher's Xobilit;/ of Women. By R. War-
wick Bond. (Koxburghe Club.) — We are
glad to see this complement to a volume
reviewed by us (October 8th, 1904), and to
observe that Mr. Bond has been able to
make use of and supplement the additional
sources of information then pointed out.
N°4082, Jan. 20, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
75
Mr. Marlay, the donor of the work, has
prefixed to it a reproduction of a very grace-
ful sketch by Stothard, which might have
been designed for the place it occupies. On
p. 8 Mr. Bond has inadvertently put Hilary
as January 11th instead of the 13th, probably
misled by the fact that Hilary term has
begun on that date since 1831. Before then
it began on the 23rd. With regard to
Barker's property, there can be no doubt
that a search (which would be a serious
undertaking) through the sheriffs' accounts
would find some trace of him, as he evidently
had property in the Crown's hands from
1571-2, the time of his condemnation, to
1574, when he was pardoned.
The. Haunts of Men. By Robert W.
Chambers. (Fisher Unwin.) — Mr. Cham-
bers fully understands the essentials of a
good short story, though he has a tendency
to overload it with phrases such as " sheered
to the earth in glimmering swathes as gilded
grain falls at the sickle's sparkle." Many
years have gone by since he first pictured
life in the Quartier Latin, the scene of three
of the dozen stories in this collection, but
the canvas remains almost photographic in
its detail. The adventure of the ' Ambas-
sador Extraordinary ' during a mellow
period of maudlin incapacity is excellent of
its kind, and a fair example of the author's
humour. The greater number of the stories
are inspired by incidents in the American
Civil War : some — such as ' Yo Espero '
and ' The God of Battles ' — are pathetic ;
others — for example, the history of the
presentation cat which turned out to be a
skoonk " — have a boisterous jocularity of
their own. All are obviously meant to
appeal primarily to the American reader.
The Bishop of Durham has written a
touching Brief Memorial of Mary E. E.
Moule (S.P.C.K.), a sweet and saintly girl
whose early death from consumption was
deeply regretted by all who knew her.
Seldom do we meet with so bright a picture
of fortitude and serene faith under trial.
Some of her verses here printed show that
she had the gift of expression which cha-
racterizes all the Bishop's distinguished
family. She had true humility, too, which
is, perhaps, a rarer gift.
John Lyly. By John Dover Wilson.
(Cambridge, Macmillan & Bowes.) — The
value of this essay is out of all proportion
to its length. It cannot fail to interest all
who care for the historical development of
literature. Mr. Wilson establishes the enor-
mous influence of ' Euphues,' and clearly
proves its significance ; he does not attempt
to say much of its value as a work of art.
It seems, however, that he is going too far
when he asserts that Euphuism is at the
bottom of the development of English
prose style. That it was the first experi-
ment in decadent aestheticism is probably
true enough. But can Mr. Wilson show
that what Matthew Arnold called " the
prose of the centre " owes much to Euphu-
ism, except so far as both were influenced
by Ciceronian models ? Where is the
Euphuism in the prose of Dryden or Swift,
of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, of Newman,
or Froude, or Arnold himself ? The further
discussion of the origin of the English novel
and of comedy is also of great value and
interest. But why does Mr. Wilson omit
to remark that Gascoigne's satire ' The Steel-
Glasse ' is the earliest extant piece of blank
vorse ? The book, however, is throughout
so suggestive and stimulating that we can
only advise the reader to buy it. It is a
pity that there are so many capital I's ;
and also that tho famous motto of tho
house of Austria is given in a form which does
pot scan.
We are glad to see Mclan's set of cos-
tumes of The Highland Clans and Regiments
of Scotland (Gay & Bird) reproduced in an
acceptable form, with the historical letter-
press brought up to a modern standard of
accuracy by " Fionn " (Mr. Henry Why te).
Mclan is generally excellent, but the Glen-
garry figure in the first number is an un-
fortunate exception.
Political Parables, by The Westminster
Gazette Office Boy (Francis Brown), published
by Mr. Fisher Unwin, is as amusing to Tories
and friends of Mr. Balfour as to the Liberals
whose opinions it reflects. At the beginning
and end the inside of the cover represents
the flood of the election, but in it Mr. Balfour
has already found a life-belt of safety.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Theology.
Armstrong (6. ('.), Richard Acland Armstrong, .".'net.
Brett (J.), Humility, 2/ net.
Carter (J. B.), The Religion of Numa, 3/6 net.
Coutts (J.), The Divine Inheritance as Revealed in the
Bible, Man, and Nature, 0/ net.
Frere (W. H.), The Principles of Religious Ceremonial, 5/
Gospel according to St. Luke, Annotations by Madame
Cecilia, 4/ net.
Hall(W.), Via Crucis, 3/0
Haupt (P.), The Book of Ecclesiastes, a New .Metrical
Translation, 3/0 net.
Hoyt(A. S.), The Work of Preaching, 0/0 net.
Jackson (F. J. Koakes), A History of the Christian Church,
381-401, 7/0 net.
Lansdell (IL), The Sacred Tenth, 2 vols., 10/
Lepicier(A. MA The Unseen World, 0'
Rackham (Rev. R, R), How the Church Began, 1/ net.
Stewart (J.). Dawn in the Dark Continent, 0/ net.
Wilmshurst (W. L.), Christianity and Science, tut. net.
Fine Art and Archaeology.
Angelico (Fra), 3/0 net.
Hell (M.), Old Pewter, 7/6 net.
Bumpus (T. F.), The Cathedrals of England and Wales,
6/ net.
Oobden-Sanderson (T. J.), The Arts and Crafts Movement,
2/6 net.
Gould (F. C), The Gould-en Treasury, 1 net.
Kinlocli (M. (i. J.), A Chaplet from Florence, 10 o net.
Meryon (( '.), Etchings of, 7/0 net.
Political Parables, by the 'Westminster Gazette' Office
Boy (Francis Brown), 2/6 net.
Selected Drawings from old Masters at Oxford chosen by
S. Colvin, Part IV.. ii.i net.
Poetry ami the Drama.
Begbie(A. H.),The Rosebud Wall, and other Poems, 3/ net
( 'alveilev (('. S.), Verses and Translations, 2/6 net.
Campbell (W.), Collected Poems, o net.
Downes (R. PA Hours with the Immortals, 3 6
Lowrv (J. M.), A Lav of Kilcock, with other Lays and
Relays, 1/net.
Mackail (J. W.), Homer: an Address, 2 li net.
Shakespeare: The Taming of the Shrew; Macbeth, edited
by E. K. Chambers, 1/0 net each.
Bibliography.
Auction Prices of Cocks, edited by L s. Livingston, 4 Mils.,
168/
Congress, Library of, Report for Year ending June 30th,
1005.
Philosophy.
Kelley (F), Some Ethical Gains through Legislat ion. 5] net.
Political Economy.
Campbell (A.), Fettered Trade, 1/
History ami Biography.
Barine(AA Louis XIV. and La Grande Mademoiselle, 12/6
Boswcll (J.), The Life of Samuel Johnson, 1/net.
Brown (W. G.), The Life of Oliver Ellsworth, 8/6 net.
Charlemagne, Early Lives of. bv Eginhardand the Monk of
St. < Jail, edited by Prof, A. '.I. Grant, 1/0 net.
Fleming (W. I,.), civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama,
21/ net.
Hume (J. FA The Abolitionists, 1830-64,5/
Smythe(W. E.), The Conquest of Arid America, 6/6 net.
Sturlason (s.). The stories (>f the Rings of Norway,
translated by E. Magmisson. Vol. iv., 12/6 net.
War in South Africa, German Official Account of, March to
September, L900, translated bv Col. II. On Cane, 16/
net.
Geography ami Travel.
Bard (E.), The Chinese at Home, adapted bj H. Twitchell,
7,0 net.
Colquhoun (A. R), The Africander Land, L6 net.
Gibson (A, G. s.), Between Capetown and Loanda, 8/6 net.
Laid (A. C), Viking of the Pacific, B 6 net.
Leland (John), Itinerary in Wales, arranged and edited by
L. T. Smith, 10/6 net.
Loyson (Madame li), To Jerusalem through the Lands "f
[slam, 10/8 net
Tan (If. s.), \o« Physical Geography, 1/8 net.
Education.
Froebel (F,), The Education of Man, translated bj w \.
Ilailmaun. 6/
Ph ilology.
Blackie's English ('lassies: Chaucer's The Squiere's Tale,
2d.
Blackie's English School Texts : An Embassy to the Great
Mosul ; A Sojourn at Lhassa ; The Voyage of Captain
James ; T)e la Motte-Fouque's Sintram ; Prescott's
Conquest of Peru: The Siege of Jerusalem; The
Adventures of Montluc, 0(7. each.
Blackie's Illustrated Latin Series: The Captivi of Plautus,
Blackie's .Modern Language Series: Stories from Grimm, 1 6
Blackie's standard Dictionary, 2/ net.
Science.
Bertin (L. E.), Marine Boilers, translated by L. S. Robert-
son, 21/ net.
Brotherston (R. P.), The Book of Cut Flowers. 3/6 net.
Horticultural Note-Book, compiled by J. C. Newsham, 7/0
net.
Jude (R. F.), The School Magnetism and Electricity . ': 6
Morse (X. ('.), Post-operative Treatment, 17/0 net.
Ries (H.). Economic Geology of the United States, 11/ net.
Roosa (D. B. St. J.), and Others. A Text - Book ,,f the
Diseases of the Ear, Nose, and Pharynx, t2 0 net.
Thesiger (B. S.), Queries in Seamanship, 3/0 net.
Titchener(E. B.), Experimental Psychology: Vol. II. Part I.,
0/ net ; Vol. II. Part II. 10/0 net.
Workman (W. P.) and Cracknel! (A. (J.), Geometry,
Theoretical and Practical, Part T., :'. <;
Zoological Record, Vol. XLI.
J a re a He Hooks.
Cule (W. E.), The Black Fifteen, and other School Stories,
2/6
Quinn's (Peter) Marvellous Fairy Tales, 3/6
General Literature.
Alston (L.), The Obligation of Obedience to the Law of
the State.
Bancroft (P), Her Reuben, 6/
Bennett (A.), Hugo. 6
Bourne's Insurance Directory, 1906, .">' net.
British Imperial Kalendar, 1906, 5/
Children's Answers, collected by J. H. Burn, 2/ net.
Denning (J. R.), Indian Echoes, 3/6 net.
Fleet Annual and Naval Vear-Book, 1000, compiled by ]..
Vexlev, 1/net.
Forster(R. II.), The Arrow of the North, 0/
Fox (J.), A Mountain Kuropa, 3/0
George (H., Jun.), The Menace of Privilege, 6/6 net.
Gerard (I).), The House of Riddles. 6/
Green (C. G.), In the Royal Irish Constabulary, :'. 6
Jacobs (W. W.), At Sunwieh Port. 6d.
Jepson (E.), The Lady Xoiius, Peeress, 6
Lamb (G), The Last Essays of Elia, 2 (i net.
Leigh (E. ('. Austen). A List of English Clubs in all Parts of
the World, 1906,3/6
Lowenfield (II.). Investment an Exact Science, 2 o net.
Maxwell (A.). The Condition and Prospects of Imaginative
Literature at the Present Day, 1 6 net.
Oxford Vear-Book and Directorv, 1906, 5, net.
I'aiiish (|{.), A Sword of the Old Frontier, 6
Perkins (R.), Barbara Lavender, 6
Pugh (K.i. Tlie Spoilers, 6
Saint Maui i K. v.), A Self-Supporting Home, 7 0 net.
Scott's Old Mortality, 2/6
Stanton (C. ) and Hoskou (II.), The Forbidden Man. 6
String of Black and White Pearls, by C. E. B., 2/6 net.
Waltz (K. ('.), The Ancient Landmark. 6
Whisha* ( I'.). Her Highness. 0
Wilson (II. L.), The Uos> of Little Arcady, 0
W lrolfe(l).). The Beautx-Shop. 0/
FOR EIG X.
Fine .1 rt ami Arclweology.
Bertrand (A.), Versailles, Sfr. r>0
Folles (A.), Zur Deutung des Begriffes Naturwahrheit in der
bildenden Kunst, 3m.
llamel (II. ), (auseries sin l'Art ct les Artistes, Sfr. .">"
Jahrbuch der KSniglich Preussischen Kunstsammlungen,
Vol. XXVI., 30m.; Supplement to Vol. XXVL. 10m,
Munsterberg (O.), Japanlsche Kunstgeschichte, Part II.,
lam.
Drama.
Allegro (F), Sophocle, sfr.
History ami Biography.
Adler (K.), Hie berulimteu Krauen der fran/.osiscben RevO-
lution, 1789-1795.
Baguenanlt de Puchesse (Cointe). Lottie- do Catherine de
Medieis, Vol. IX., ISfr.
Cladel (J.), La Vie de Leon < 'ladel, 4fr.
Criste (H.O.), Napoleon und seine Marschalle, 1809, tm. 80
llesseling (D. ('.). Hot Xegerhollands der Deense Antillen,
4m. 25
Hoen (Maximilian Ritter von), Aspern, 1809, 2m.
MadelinfL.), La Home de Napoleon, 1809-14, 8fr.
Martin (J.). Gustave Vasa et la ReTorme en Suede, lOfr.
Matter (IV). Bismarck et son Temp- : 1' Action, 1863-70, 10fr.
Michon (L). Le Gouvernement Parlementaire sous la
Restauration, 6fr.
Mathematics ami s<-;, nee.
Ballore(F, de m. de). Les Tremblements de Terre, I2fr.
Couturat (LA Les Principesdes Mathe"matiques, Sfr.
Foucault (MA Le Reve, Sfr.
Sehoentjcs (MA Kleins de la Glace, (ill.
Folk-lore.
Afanassjew (A. X.). Bussiscbe Volksmarchen, deulscli von
Anna Meyi i.
Qem ral Literature,
Coen (G.), La Questions Coloniale e i PopoH di Ram
Lntina, 81.
Debav (V.), L'Etoile, Sfr. 50
Emerj tit). Notre Amour Quotidien, Sfr. SO
Levj <<; ). Iprea la Guerre: Problemes Sud-africains, Sfr. 50
Lorrain (J >, Ellen, Sfr. SO
Pierquin ill). La Table d'Rmerande, Sfr. 60
Saussa] A. UU), La Morphine. :!f i . GO
Theuriet (A.), Hon Oncle LI". Sfr, BO
%• .1// books received at th, office up to Wednesday morning
mil he included in this l.>.-> "»; '" noted.
re
T II R A 'I'll EN .i:r M
N W82, Jan. 20, 1906
THOM \S GRAY in PETERHOUSE.
i.
'I'h i: pil Mm in the ( Cambridge shrine of
Graj Lb wonl to wend bia waj to Pembroke,
where he may Bee the fine modern busi oi
the poet and rooms which he once inhabited,
lit- may glanoe en route at a bar in a Peter
house window, Inn he nol uncommonly
evinces considerable Burprise when informed
that Peterhouae lias other claims upon Graj
than those repreaented by that iron frame-
work; that ii was in Peterhouae that Gray
obtained the education that Cambridge
afforded him; that for some twenty years
— and those the years in which he earned
his title to fame lie was a member of the
Peterhouae community ; and that it was
only to seek a quiet Lodging for the close
of a working Lifetime that be crossed the
road to the College with whose name his
has of lato been habitually and well-nigh
exclusively associated. Recent search
amongst documents reposing in Peterhouse
throws some not uninteresting light upon
the career of Gray.
It is well known that Gray came up to
Cambridge from Eton. It is equally known
that in his early correspondence Gray reflects
with no little bitterness upon the Cambridge
which met his undergraduate view, its
" owls " and " doleful creatures."
Upon such evidence, and upon that of an
incident of twenty-one years later, a recent
biographer has thought proper to represent
Gray as a divinely endowed scholar of fine
ta>tes launched into the abode of barbarians.
In adjudicating upon an indictment, how-
ever, we do well to consider the character
of the witness. Now Gray was the victim
of unfortunate domestic circumstances. His
father, Philip Gray, lost money in business
and was estranged from his wife. It was
to his mother, Dorothy Antrobus, who
joined her sister in the conduct of a millinery
establishment, that the future poet was
indebted for his education. It was to Eton,
where his mother's brother, Robert Antrobus,
was usher, that he was first sent. It was
through the Antrobus and Etonian con-
nexion that Gray subsequently entered at
Peterhouse. Robert Antrobus was a Fellow
of Peterhouse. The Rev. Thomas Richard-
son, D.D., Master of Peterhouse from 1G99
to 1733, was a Fellow of Eton, and during
his Mastership several Etonians of note
had entered at the College.
Gray entered as a Pensioner of Peterhouse
in 1734. The record in the Admission Book
runs as follows : —
'•1734. Jul. 4"'. Thomas (hay. Middlesexiensis,
in Behold publicS Etonensi institutus annosque
natus is (petente Tutore suo) censetur admissus
ad iiiciisani Pensionariorum sub Tutore et Fidejus-
Bore M1" Birkett, sed ea Lege ut brevi se sistat in
( iollegio el examinatoribus se probet."
Notwithstanding Gray's early proficiency
in classical learning and his later encyclo-
paedic knowledge, it would seem that he
was in the first instance lacking in some
of the equipment deemed necessary for
entrance upon the academic career. It is
noteworthy that he, in his early correspond-
ence with West, expresses a distaste for
mathematical studies. However, on Octo-
ber 9th, 1734, immediately after coming
into residence, he satisfied the- examiners.
At a later period, and Subsequent to his
succession to his paternal inheritance, Gray
liked, we are told, to be looked upon as a
private gentleman pursuing study tor his
pleasure, but the narrowness of his initial
circumstances seems to be shown by the
next entry in the College books : —
"Oct. 17, 1731. Thomas day, Middlesexiensis,
in sclmla publieS Etonensi institutus admit t it ur ad
locum Bibliotista; ex fundationo Kpiscopi Dunel
1 1 1 ■ 1 1 -i ■ <|iii in 1 1 1 1 1 >• i t. unit Thoma I loi ft-
li.itui i Him li.f \ ii e candidal ua e soholi
I taneh »i nominal
fiKO. Tin I I
• Bibju ii . I tec. Ben.
M in. Ooi i . Dec. .Inn'."
The Bible clerkahip or scholarship in
question was one of five founded at Peter-
houae by a former Master, John Cosin, the
famous Royalial Biahop of Durham, and
by him connected with the schools of Durham,
Northallerton, and Norwich. For his nomi-
nation Cray w as doubtless indebted to GeOTge
Birkett, Senior Dean, a Northumbrian from
Cosin's diocese, who was, as appeals from
the Admission record, his Peterhouse Tutor.
The scholarship was worth £10 per annum,
with an extra allowance of five shillings on
Founder's Day. Gray's tenure of the Cosin
Bcholarahip was short.
Under date July 12th, 1734, below the
provisional admission of Gray, appears in
the College Admission Book the entry: —
"Gulielmua Halo, Armiger, Middlesexiensis, in
sclmla publica Etonensi institutus annosque natus
IS, examinatus approbatur admittiturque ad
mciisam Pensionariorum (M™ Collegii absente) Bub
Tutore et Fidejussore M"1 Birkett."
Under his last will the Venerable Bernard
Hale, D.D., Master of Peterhouse and Arch-
deacon of Ely, who died in 1663, had founded
seven scholarships in the College. To these
his executors subsequently added an eighth.
The nomination to the scholarships was
vested in the heirs at lawT of the founder. One
scholarship was offered each year to candi-
dates from Hertford School ; in default of a
locally qualified competitor, the patron wras
free to choose " the best grammar scholar "
he could find elsewhere.
In June, 1735, Gray was nominated by
William Hale to a vacant Hale Scholarship,
wdiich was made tenable until the taking of
the M.A. degree : —
"Junii 27rao 173.1 Thomas (day. Middle-
sexiensis (nominante eum <;ul">° Hale, Armigr),
admittitur ad locum Bibliotistse ex Fundatione
W. Dra Hale quem nuper tenuit Joannes Baldwin
possidendum (nisi per eum steterit quominus)
usque dum cooptandus sit in ordinem Magistrorum
in Artibus."
The term of tenure indicated wras the
longest allowed by the founder, and the
award is unique amongst contemporary
appointments to Hale Scholarships. The
term may mark appreciation of the scholastic
merits of Gray ; it may also represent the
ardour of the admiration of his county
neighbour, late schoolfellow, and present
fellow-freshman. In any event, a Bible
clerkship of 20 marks per annum was
evidently welcome to Gray. He held it until
he went down in 1738.
It may be interesting, as illustrative of
the cost of eighteenth-century education,
to reproduce some of the College accounts
of Gray. In his first year Gray's expendi-
ture was very modest, the item " Sizings,"
which represents specially ordered " extras "
in dietary, amounting to a few shillings only.
In later undergraduate years ho was more
luxurious. In respect of the year 1736-7
the Bursar presented to Mr. Birkett the
following bills on account of Cray : —
Quarter to Christmas. 1736.
( 'i immons, Hi weeks ...
Sizings ...
Detriments
Sacrist ...
Coals
Tahlech .til
E
1
1
II
<1.
1
ti
I)
in
7
0
(i
4
0
l
ii
1)
2
3
:;
9
(i
v Day, i"
( '•.mm'. ii . 13 ■
I *. I l in.. : '
Hall Punish mi
.-'.7
E
-/.
1
lit
1
1
19
0
o
Ml
7
(1
ii
I
11
• >
■ <
o
(1
a
Quai tor to Midsummei . I T-JT
e
( '..mm n-. 13 weeli ... I
Sizing! ... ... ... 1
Detrimei ... ... ... 0
Sacrist ... ... ... u
f.
<l.
10
1
is
.")
in
•_>
o
4
:{ 1<I
Quarter to Michaelmas, 1 T-*>7
t;
< lommons, ) n eeks ... ... 0
Sizings ... ... ... ... 0
Detriments ... ... ... 0
Sacrist ... ... ... ... 0
Tax 1
Lecturer ... ... ... II
Bt
d.
!l
4
.->
0
0
7
0
4
0
11*
0
8
2 16 Hi?.
T tal for the year. L'14 s-. s\,l.
Some of these charges, such as those for
Sacrist (i.e. College Chapel support) and
Detriments (i.e. general College mainten-
ance), were, like many modern College
payments, fixed terminal fees.
Per contra, Gray was allowed, as Halt-
Scholar, for the year 1736-7 : —
£ -. i
Quarter to Christmas, Hi weeks... 2 11 3
Quarter to Lady Day, 13 weeks... 3 6 8
Quarter to Midsummer. 13 weeks 3 6 8
Quarter to Michaelmas, 4 weeks... 1 (» 8
m
1
These accounts show the student of the
eighteenth century to have been more
regularly resident than his successor of
to-day. The scholarship of 20 marks was
obviously assigned as for 52 weeks. It
should be remarked that the Tutor's accounts
do not represent total outlay for the year.
Certain annual charges, such as rent of
rooms, were collected in an independent bill.
Next year Gray resided in the four
quarters from Michaelmas to Michaelmas
6£ weeks, 13 weeks, 9 weeks, 1 1 weeks,
respectively. His bill reached a total of
£14 135. 1H<L He paid " Petizants " as
an absentee on Whit Sunday. His scholar-
ship revenues for the same period were
£1 13s. 3fd., £3 6s. 8d., £2
Ud.,
£2 16s. A\d. ; total, £10 2s. 5\d. T. A. W.
INCORPORATED ASSOCIATION OF
HEAD MASTERS.
The annual general meeting of the Incor-
porated Association of Head Masters was
held on Friday and Saturday in last week
at the Guildhall. A fair number of schools
was represented, but it may perhaps be
inferred, from complaints made in the
course of the debates about " oligarchical
government," that the attendance would
have been more numerous and influential
if there were not -rightly or wrongly — an
impression that the ad minist ration of the
Association is concentrated in too few hands.
Mr. .lames Kasterbrook (Owen's School,
Islington), the President, in his address
sketched the history of the Association, and
claimed that it had been a great factor in
making the general public take an interest
in secondary education, and in bringing
together those responsible for it. The Act
N° 4082, Jan. 20, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
77
of 1902 had not yet done so much as was
hoped for the proper organization of higher
education. Local authorities had been so
occupied with elementary education that in
many instances they had not touched the
question. In other cases secondary schools
of an inferior type — secondary only in name
— had been set up, and the Association
wished to put on record that they considered
this policy was not in the true interests of
secondary education. The policy of the
Board of Education with regard to the train-
ing of pupil - teachers in secondary schools
was admirable. The pity of it was that the
material was so poor. This was all the more
strange as the prospects of elementary
teachers were distinctly better than those
of masters in secondary schools. The supply
of masters for secondary schools was de-
cidedly dwindling and degenerating. What
was wanted was that an efficient assistant
master might see a career before him with
a fair competency in his later years, even
though he might never become a head
master. A well-considered pension scheme
would work wonders. The desiderata of
secondary schools were larger and better-
paid staffs, and a simplification of the
curriculum. Schools had to teach so many
subjects at the same time that there was a
danger of boys leaving school without know-
ing any one subject well. The majority of
local authorities were either unable or un-
willing to put secondary schools on a sound
financial footing, and an increased Treasury
grant was urgently wanted.
The Board of Education regulations for
secondary schools formed the first subject
for consideration, and the following resolu-
tions were discussed : —
1. "That the current regulations of the Board
of Education for secondary schools are tending to
undue restriction of the freedom, variety, and
elasticity which are desirable in the ease of public
secondary schools."
2. "That the policy of minute regulation of
details of school work pursued by the Board of
Education constitutes a grave danger to secondary
schools."
3. "That the Board of Education he urged to
amend the regulations for secondary schools so as
to permit schools taking special courses throughout
(a) to have a first and second year course common
to all boys, (l>) to admit both a Science and
Literary course in the third and fourth year."
4. "That in the award of grants special con-
sideration should be given to the case of schools
formerly called ' A Schools,' of which the efficiency
is threatened by the reduction of payments."
5. "That discretionary power should be given
to schools to enter pupils for external examinations
in the first and second years of the course."
The first was moved by Dr. McClure
(Mill Hill), who stated that while they appre-
ciated the enormous difficulty with which
the Board of Education had been faced,
and therefore did not come forward as carp-
ing critics, they were bound to protest
against a course of action which was fraught
with great dangers to those schools which
were doing the best work. The second was
moved by Mr. Telford Varley (Winchester),
who condemned the increasing tendency to
stereotype methods and repress individuality.
Both were carried nem. con. The third,
moved by Mr. W. R. Carter (Watford), was
referred to the Council. The fourth, moved
by Mr. W. H. Barber (Leeds), and the fifth,
moved by Mr. A. E. Shaw (Thame), were
carried, the latter, however, only by a
narrow majority .
On tin- in. >t ion of the Kev. J. Went
(Leicester), the following resolution was
added to the series : —
"That, with the purpose of diminishing the pie
sent excessive requirement a made during t be school
year by the Board of Education and by Local
auth orities for statistics to be furnished by
secondary schools, the Association should endeavour
to obtain an effective unification of such require-
ments."
A conference between the Board of Educa-
tion and delegates from local authorities
and educational associations was suggested.
The question of the necessity of State
aid for secondary schools was next vigor-
ously discussed, and the following resolution
was eventually unanimously agreed to : —
' ' That, while gratefully recognizing the desire
of the Board of Education to co-operate with head
masters in the improvement and extension of
secondary education, this Association is of opinion
that additional State aid is required to maintain
and develope the efficiency of already existing
secondary schools."
In the course of the debate Mr. Varley, who
introduced the question, complained that
secondary schools all over the country were
languishing for want of sufficient financial
support. Reliance on the rates in many
districts had virtually broken down, and
it was a mistake to look to this source for
everything. The Government should pro-
vide a definite secondary education policy.
Mr. E. F. M. MacCarthy (Birmingham)
agreed that the cry of the burden of the
rates was killing education at present, and
the ratepayer should not be driven too hard.
Secondary education, so far as State aid
was concerned, was in a worse position now
than it was before the Act of 1902. Mr.
R. C. Gilson (Birmingham) was of opinion
that the training of pupil - teachers should
be a national charge. Mr. P. Wood (Dar-
lington), whe moved the resolution in its
final form, deprecated the apparent hostility
to the Board of Education in some of the
speeches delivered.
Canon Bell referred to the proposed fede-
ration of secondary teachers, and moved
"That this Association approves of the proposal
to form a Federal Council composed of representa-
tives of the chief bodies of secondary teachers."
This was carried by a large majority, in
spite of the strong opposition of Mr. Gilson,
who said he had never been able to see any
advantages that would accrue from federa-
tion. The officers, however, in spite of
representations that the matter was urgent,
were, on the motion of the Rev. W. Madeley
(Woodbridge), forbidden to take any step
which would commit the Association to any
definite policy until endorsement was given
to the proposals at the next annual general
meeting. In the speeches made on this
topic the charge that the Association was
" oligarchically " governed was boldty made.
A letter from Dr. Warre on Military Train-
ing in Schools was read, and it was agreed
to procure the statistics asked for. The
efforts of the Classical Association to maintain
classical education in secondary schools and
to improve the methods of classical teaching
were approved ; and, bolder and perhaps
better informed as to its objects than the
Head Masters' Conference, the Association
passed a resolution in favour of the proposed
joint Matriculation Examination for the
Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The
re-election of Canon Swallow and Dr.
MacClure as honorary secretaries, and the
election of Mr. W. G. Rushbrooke (St.
Olave's) as treasurer, brought the proceed-
ings of the first day to a close.
Oil the second day the resolution sub-
mitted by Dr. Flecker (Cheltenham),
"That this Association regrets the tep taken
by the War Offioe to insist on the inspection oi
schools of which pupils intend i i compete for
entrance to Woolwich and Sandhurst, and pai
ticularly deprecates the publication of an official
list of schools which Bubmit to such inspection,"
was rejected by an immense majority, only
the mover voting in its favour; but the
same mover obtained unanimous approval
of a resolution
"That this Association reaffirms its conviction
that a system of school certificates should be
established by University authorities acting under
a board of control, and its regret that there is as
yet no adequate decrease in the number of
examinations for entrance into professions."
The education of pupil teachers was the
next subject of discussion, and it was eventu-
ally agreed —
1. "That intending pupil-teachers should, as
far as possible, enter secondary schools not later
than the age of twelve years, if not already
attending such schools, and remain there until the
age of sixteen and then attend a secondary school
as half-timers."
2. "That the inspection of pupil teachers in
secondary schools should be restricted to His
Majesty's inspectors of secondary schools."
The first resolution was moved by Mr. R. E.
Steel (Northampton), and the second by
Mr. R. C. Gilson (Birmingham).
Higher elementary schools formed the
subject of the next debate, which created
more general interest than anything else in
the course of the meetings. Mr. S. Wells
(Battersea) moved —
1. " That this Association generally approves of
the new Higher Elementary School Minute,
believing that a properly organized system of
education should provide for schools having aims
and specialized curricula according to the minute,
and intended for pupils who enter the lower ranks
of industry and commerce at the age of about
fifteen, and for whom a secondary school course,
with its different aim and later leaving age, is
consequently unsuitable. "
2. "That in approving the curriculum of a
higher elementary school the Board of Education
be asked to adhere to the requirement of a
specialized course of one or two years having a
definite relation to the chief occupations of the
district in which the school is placed, and not to
sanction such a curriculum as is general or
secondary in aim and character."
3. " That in view of the comparatively recent
definition and organization of secondary schools,
and of the fact that many existing secondary
schools doing good work are unable to at once
meet the requirements of the Board with regard to
the 'leaving age,' this Association urges the
Board, before sanctioning the opening of higher
elementary schools in the same district, to con-
sider fully how far such secondary schools in ay at
least temporarily supply the specialized curriculum
of a higher elementary school."
The mover said that the new higher ele-
mentary school would occupy a place
between the elementary school and the
secondary school, and its curriculum should
have a definite relation to the immediate
future work of the scholar. The Board of
Education should take care that it should be
of a special technical character, and that the
higher elementary school should not be
allowed to develope into an inferior second-
ary school.
The majority of the members present
were obviously of opinion that there wore
no guarantees thai such would be the case,
and that the establishment of higher ele-
mentary schools would introduce serious
overlapping with existing secondary schools.
Mr. W. A. Knigh! (Bruton) thought higher
elementary schools would extinguish many
secondary schools, especially in rural dis-
tricts. Mr. Gilson said thai if was not true
thai we suffered in this country from
want of manual skill on the part of our
workmen, bul what ought to be done was
to make the workmen a little more intelh
gent. Nb higher elementary schools could
give manual training in trades : real manual
training was given in the workshops. They
wanted an improvement in the tops of ele-
mentary schools, but not such schools as
were contemplated in tho minute of the
\s
TH E ATI! EN .KIWI
X M)82. Jan. •><>, 1906
ii. I of Education. The mover said he
was willing to in-' it the words "in large
oentree ol population after the word
bools " ; but the majorit} were di U t
mined to express their disapproval <>f the
proposal! and, rejecting the previous ques-
tion, and an appeal by Canon Swallow,
carried the amenamenl moved by Mr. Knight,
■ llmi tins Association regards with appre-
henaion the new Higher Elementary Sol 1 Minute,
believing thai the promoters of the A.ol of 1902
intended t" assist existing Beoondarj aohoola, and
partionlarh urges the Board ol Education no1 to
Banotion higher elementary aohoola in areas whioh
already supplied «nli seoondary Bohools."
The following resolutions wore thou agreed
to after a short discussion : —
l. "Thai it is advisable thai steps be taken t<>
collect data of the physical oondition and growth
nt pupils in secondary schools."
•J. "Thai the Association reoognizes the im-
portance of the recent medical pronouncement on
hours of sleep in schools, and requests the Council
to give the matter careful consideration."
.'{. "That in the interests of national welfare
the influx of pupils from public elementary to
secondary schools should be encouraged."
After the usual votes of thanks the Con-
ference closed.
SIR MOUNTSTUART GRANT DUFF.
By the death last Friday week of Sir
Mountstuart Grant Duff we lose an accom-
plished man who combined to a remarkable
degree the interests of politics, practical
government, and literature in a wide sense.
Born on February 21st, 1829, he was the
son of the distinguished Bombay civilian
who wrote the ' History of the Mahrattas,'
while his mother was a daughter of the
author of the ' Materia Indica,' Sir Whitelaw
Ainslie. Educated at Edinburgh Academy
and Balliol, where he took a Second Class in
1850, he was called to the bar in 1854. "The
chief interests of his life," however, were, as
he said, " politics and administration,"
which he was able to indulge as Under-
Secretary of State for India, 1868-74 ; Under-
Secretary for the Colonies, 1880-1 ; and
Governor of Madras, 1881-6. He was
member for the Elgin Burghs from 1851 to
1881, and his 'Elgin Speeches' (1871)
hardly, perhaps, had the effect on the
Empire which the orator himself supposed.
He wrote Lives of Sir Henry Maine (1892),
Kenan (1893), and Lord de Tabley (1899).
He published also ' Notes of an Indian
Journey' (1876) and 'Miscellanies, Political
and Literary ' (1879).
More than all these, however, his ' Notes
from a Diary ' are likely to keep his name
before the public. He was, in fact, gifted
with that all-round accomplishment which,
backed by assiduous curiosity concerning
the many interests of life and remarkable
vitality, makes a diarist. His ' Notes '
reached fourteen volumes, and actually
extend from the New Year's Day in 1851
when he had just taken his degree at Oxford,
and reached Avignon on his way to see
Rome, to a period fifty years later, Janu-
ary 23rd, 1901, when the Privy Council
took the oaths to King Edward VII. These
'Notes' are not concerned with politics,
and he adds in t he Preface to his last volumes
(1905) that "in most lives. .. .there are
whole tracts of interests, lying outside the
boundaries of the chief ones." Such ex-
tended versatility is, however, a very rare
equipment, and IS felicitous when it is com-
bined with literary instincts and unwearied
diligence. To degenerate into miscellaneous
information which nobody wants except the
class who rejoice in Tit-Hits and their like
.Imi.-t ini \ [table in such a MM N
it often, perhaps, that such 11 mind reveal-
real critical power in many directions. In
competence and confident xnolism, ai in
the caricature of " Uncle Joseph " in 'The
Wrong Box,' seem perilously reads to
encroach on the all-round man. Bui Sir
Mountstuart was a keen, if not an excellent,
classical scholar and historian ; he travelled
frequently on the Continent, and he
moved in the besl society of his time, or, at
least, the best informed. So his budgel of
amusing and interesting things, even if
some of them are vieux jeu, holds many pa
which are both enlightening and valuable.
Mingled with much of merely antiquarian
value are the graces of scholarship in Latin
jest ; striking, though occasionally pre-
judiced, characters of famous men ; and an
extraordinary keenness about such varied
allurements as sermons, coincidences, last
words, stories about gems, and botany. The
last was one of his pot pursuits, and he
thought nothing of going a long way by
train to see a special wild flower when he
was advanced in years.
It is impossible to smile perpetually on
such botanical details in print, to admire
the taste which preferred the lyrics of
Mrs. Hemans to those of Christina Rossetti
— difficult not to grow weary of the over-
laudation of the ' Recit d'un Sceur,' or other
forgotten luminaries of an earlier time. But
on the whole the diarist, engaged with The
Club, with the Dilettanti, busy with Cicero
or the latest book, in any place or company
likely to yield matter of interest, trium-
phantly extracts the good thing to be had,
and reveals himself as a master of omnivo-
rous gusto. He did not expect that his
' Notes ' would survive in entirety, but they
offer things which will run, in the phrase of
Ennius, " lively o'er the lips of men " for
many years, and we dare say that in the
future they will be graced with a commentary,
and lead to strange theories or unjustified
conclusions. To prevent such a catastrophe
we hope to see soon a memoir of the diarist,
presenting a fair account of his frailties,
merits, and prejudices. He has left us, at
any rate, books that are worth several bales
of belauded fiction. He is not a Greville or
a Pepys, but he philosophized in society
(which means, as Goethe said, " to talk with
vivacity about insoluble problems ") as well
as any one ; he was always kindly ; he was
not frightened into bitterness or silence by
the stress and complexity of modern life ;
and he coped with " the modern malady of
unlimited appreciativeness " as well as any
sufferer from it can hope to do.
THE BOOK SALES OF 1905.
11.
On March 21st and four following days
Messrs. Sotheby held a most important
miscellaneous sale. The 1,346 lots in the
catalogue realized very nearly 8,500/., a
sum distributed very evenly, so that there
are comparatively few high prices to record.
A copy of Ben Jonson's ' VVorkes ' on large
paper, 1616, brought 29/. 10s. (morocco
extra). Only three or four perfect copies
on large paper are known, and this one
would have brought more but for the
fact that several leaves had been supplied
from the smaller edition of the same date.
The identical copy appeared again on
December 8th, when it realized 24/. Spen-
ser's ' Faerie Queene,' 2 vols., 1590 96,
brought 76/. (old calf; the Welsh words
on p. 332 of vol. i. printed, and several
leaves supplied from another edition). A
collection of works from the Kelmscott
all printed on vellum, realized con-
liderabl] feet than they would have done
a 1. a 1. The 'Chancer,' for bv
lold for no more than 30b/., as
againsf 5101. a1 the Ellis sale in November,
1901 ; and ' S\ r Ysambracc ' for no 11.
than ~>l. 5s.. a- against -"/. In some
ni-tain. - the disproporl ion was not so
marked, but the depression was neverthe-
less great throughout. Notice should be
taken of a work printed at Paris in 1584,
under the- title ' I).- PJ.d d« •- Hois et de la
Justice. ' This tract fetched 18/. 15*.; it
is important, as it has lately been proved
to be written by Montaigne. At this same
sale several tracts by George Keith sold for
substantial amounts. These are rlnnortd
among Americana. Special mention must
also be made of Seymour Haden's ' Etudes
a 1'Eau-Fortc,' 1866, folio, which brought
159/. Two hundred and fifty copies of
this series were announced, but only 180
appeared, as some of the more delicate
plates failed. Stephen Harrison's ' Seven
Archs of Triumph,' n.d. (1603), folio, is
rarely met with. A copy of the complete
work, consisting of the engraved title-page
and a plate illustrating each of the tri-
umphal arches erected in honour of James L,
realized 50/. Among other important works
the editio princeps of the ' Imitatio Christi '
sold for 125/. ; Purchas's 'Hakluytus Post-
humus,' 5 vols., 1625-6, the vellum covers
perfectly fresh and clean, 110/. ; Cover-
dale's Bible, printed at Antwerp by Jacob
van Meteren, October 4th, 1535, 80/. (im-
perfect, as usual : this was the Ashburnham
copy, 96/.) ; Herrick's ' Hesperides,' first
edition, 1648, 75/. (contemporary morocco);
Shakspeare's Second Folio. Robert Allot,
1632 (131 b.y 8 Jin.), 108/. (some leaves
mended) ; and the Fourth Folio, 1685, 47/.
(portrait rubbed). Several valuable manu-
scripts were also sold. Keats's first draft
of ten stanzas of ' Isabella ; or, the Pot of
Basil,' realized 215/. ; the original MS. of
Charles Reade's ' Hard Cash,' 95/. ; Thacke-
ray's original MS. notes for lectures on ' The
Four Georges,' 199/. ; and part of his ' Pen-
dennis ' (18 pages only), 290/. An imperfect
copy of the first edition of Shakspeare's
' Poems.' 1640, brought 205/. (original sheep.,
5* by 3| in.).
To do more than refer in a very casual
way to the large and noteworthy library
of the late Mr. John Scott would be im-
practicable. The sale commenced at Sotheby's
on March 27th, and continued for eleven
days, the 3,523 lots bringing 18.259/. During
the last hundred years but sixteen sales held
in this country have realized more. Exactly
a hundred pages of ' Book-Prices Current '
are occupied by the report, and some excep-
tionally high prices are recorded, as for
example, 101/. for a copy of the first edition
of John Stubbs's 'Discoverie of a Gaping
Gulf,' 1579, which in ordinary circumstances
brings a little more than 30/. Mr. Scott had
two Caxtons, both incomplete. One, the
' Chronicles of England,' 1482. realized 102/.
(165 leaves onlv) ; and the other, the ' Poly-
chronicon' of*Higden, c. 14S3, 201/. (406
leaves only). Another old English book,
' Bartolomeus de Proprietatibus Rerum,'
translated by John of Treves and printed
by Wynkyn de Worde, without date, folio,
sold for 251/., and would no doubt have
brought more, had it not been rebound in
modern russia. Berthelet's edition of the
same work, 1535, folio, brought 25/. The
collection of books and manuscripts relating
to Mary. Queen of Scots, was probably the
most extensive in private hands, and it was
a pity that it had to be broken up. The
collection of works on shipping, navigation,
and the navies and naval affairs of aU
countries was also most extensive anc
N°4082, Jan. 20, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
79
important. As announced in The Athen-
ceum at the time, these books were offered
in one lot at the reserve price of 1,000?.,
and were eventually bought on behalf of
Mr. Charles C. Scott, son of the late owner,
for 1,510?. Among the other books sold
on this occasion was a vellum copy of ' De
Re Militari ' of Robertus Valturius, 1472,
folio, which realized 200?., notwithstanding
the fact that five leaves had been supplied
from a copy on paper. Knox's Liturgy,
' The Book of Common Order,' printed at
Edinburgh by Bassandine in 1575, 8vo,
made 109?. (contemporary Scotch calf) ;
the excessively rare first edition of the
' Basilikon Doron,' 1599, small 4to, 174?. ;
Hamilton's ' Catechisme,' 1552, small 4to,
14:11. (russia extra) ; and Gawin Douglas's
' Palis of Honoure,' printed by Copland in
small 4to, without date (but 1553), 95?.
This copy brought SI?, at the Ashburnham
sale. Many other high prices were ob-
tained for the scarce works which abounded
in this library.
The next few sales recorded were com-
paratively unimportant, but on May 25th
and two following days Messrs. Sotheby
offered an extensive collection of books by
or relating to Shakspeare, his works, times,
and influence on subsequent writers. The
catalogue of this sale is replete with refer-
ences to old or modern authors who may
be taken to be associated in some way with
the great dramatist. It will doubtless have
been preserved, since it is of great educa-
tional value and excellently compiled. More
than 6,5001. was realized for this collection,
a copy of the Second Folio selling for 225?.
(some leaves repaired) ; a sound example
of the Third Folio (12 J by 8£ in.) for 500?. ;
and an equally good copy of the Fourth
for 130?. ' Romeo and Juliet,' 1637, 4to,
brought 1201. (unbound, mended) ; and
' Othello,' 1630, 4to, 90?. (a number of
leaves in facsimile). Other substantial
amounts abounded ; e.g., 401. for Allot's
' England's Parnassus,' 1600, 12mo (mended);
68?. for the first English translation of ' Don
Quixote,' 2 vols., 4to, n.d. and 1620 ; 55?.
for Herrick's ' Hesperides,' 1648, 8vo ; 100?.
for Painter's ' Pallace of Pleasure,' 2 vols.,
1569, small 4to (title to vol. i. in facsimile),
and 220?. for another copy of Spenser's
'Faerie Queene,' 2 vols., 1590-96 (the Welsh
words printed). A copy with the blank
spaces for the Welsh words realized 160Z.
On June 1st several of Blake's works
were sold at Sotheby's. ' The Marriage of
Heaven and Hell,' no imprint, brought
150?. (this was Lord Crewe's copy, which
realized 260?. at his sale) ; ' Visions of the
Daughters of Albion,' 1793, 105?. ; and
'The Book of Thel,' 67?. This sale
realized nearly 6,000?., a considerable
proportion of which was, however, ob-
tained for autograph letters and manu-
scripts, some of the latter being of very
considerable literary interest, as, for example,
Bret Harte's ' A Ward of the Golden Gate,'
on 144 folios, which brought 51?., and De
Quincey's 'Journal, written during the Year
1803,' 74 leaves, 66?. This brings us to the
very extensive portion of the library of Mr.
Joseph Knight, which was sold at Sotheby's
on June 19th and five following days. Many
of the books were sold together, and the
2,007 lots catalogued comprised an enormous
number of volumes, probably some 35,000
or 40,000 (one estimate placed the number
at 50,000), gathered with great judgment.
From the point of view of the collector of
books, and not merely of curiosities, this
collection was one of the most notable offered
for sale during recent years, and might well
have been secured en bloc, if that had been
possible. The total realized was 2,155?. |
The Latin edition of Bacon's works, edited
by Rawley, and printed at Basle in 1623,
during the lifetime of the author, small
folio, sold for 64?. (original vellum). This
edition contains the editio princeps of the
' De Augmentis,' and may have been
privately issued. At any rate, it is very
rarely met with. The rest of the season
was occupied in selling collections of a
miscellaneous character, from which, how-
ever, some valuable books peeped here and
there. The majority of these were alluded
to in the first part of the former article, and
need not be mentioned again. On June 29th
and later Ben Jonson's Latin Bible, having
his signature and an inscription in his hand,
brought 54?.; a complete set of Lever's works,
all first editions, 52 vols., morocco extra, 100?.;
the ' Opere ' of Metastasio, 12 vols., 4to,
1780-82, morocco extra, with the arms of
Marie Antoinette as queen on the sides,
165?. ; and the ' CEuvres de Racine,' 3 vols.,
8vo, 1767, with the same arms, 91?. Shak-
speare's' King John,' 1622, 4to, brought
79?. on July 19th ; and on the 28th a Fourth
Folio, 1685, 110?. (damaged).
The new season, hereafter to be quoted
as that of 1905-6, opened slightly before the
usual time at Messrs. Hodgson's, but nothing
of much importance is noticeable till Novem-
ber 1st, when that firm sold the library of
the late Rev. F. Procter and other properties.
Mr. Thwaite's ' Jesuit Relations and Allied
Documents,' 73 vols., 1896-1902, stands
steady at 24?. 10s. ; and mention must be
made of ' A Compendious Treatise on
Modern Education,' 1802, 30?. (boards). This
book, which is exceedingly scarce, contains
eight coloured plates by Rowlandson. Another
scarce work called ' The Twelve Moneths,'
small 4to, 1661, by Matthew Stevenson,
sold for 23?. 10s. The library of the Earl
of Cork and Orrery, sold by Messrs. Christie,
Manson & Woods on November 21st, will be
well within the recollection. It was at this
sale that 2,600?. was paid for an illuminated
MS. — ' Le Livre de Rustican,' probably the
finest work of its kind in existence — and
285?. for the identical Book of Common
Prayer which Charles I. " carried with him
wherever he travelled, even to the day of
his Death." This takes the mind back to
that gold pattern five-broad piece which the
king also carried with him wherever he went,
and which he handed to Bishop Juxon on
the scaffold outside Whitehall. Mr. Hyman
Montagu had it at last, and at one of the
sales of his coins — that of November 13th,
1896 — it realized the largest amount ever
paid up to that time, and perhaps since,
for a single specimen, viz. 770?.
On November 22nd and two following
days Messrs. Hampton & Sons sold the
library of the late Sir Joseph Hawley.
This sale was held at Leybourne Grange,
Mailing, near Maidstone, The books were
of a general character, useful rather than
rare. Purchas's ' Hakluytus Posthumus,'
5 vols., folio, 1625-6, fetched 50?. (morocco
by Pratt) ; and Smith's ' Generall Historie
of Virginia,' 1624, folio, 127?. (old calf). It
is but seldom that this book is found in
perfect condition, one or more of the four
maps being nearly always in facsimile. It
is recorded that Sir Edward Bunbury's
perfect copy realized 2ot?. in July, 1896.
Thirty years before that the price stood at
about 10?.
Three sales of considerable importance
complete the series. Some of the high-
priced books from that of December 6th
and three following days (Sotheby's) have
already been mentioned, and the report
which appeared in The Athcna-urn of Decem-
ber 16th is sufficiently recent to render any
further remarks unnecessary. Tho same
may be said of Sir Henry Irving's library
(Christie's, December 18th and 19th), and
the collection of military, mathematical,
and miscellaneous works from the library
of the Royal Military College at Camberley
(Hodgson's, December 20th and 21st,)
which brought the year's sales to a close.
That the result of these sales, some fifty
in number, has not been good, is perfectly
clear on analysis. As already stated, an
unusual number of very scarce and valuable
books have found their way to the auction-
rooms, but the vast majority were of a
very ordinary character, and brought much
less than they would have done three or
four years ago. On going through so much
of the last published volume of ' Book-
Prices Current ' as relates to the sales held
since January and the new one now in course
of preparation, which completes the record, I
find that about 120,000?. has been realized
from first to last, and that, if the sixty very
high-priced books are left out of the calcu-
lation, the average is no higher than about
2?. 5s. — the lowest since 1896, when it stood
at 1?. 13s. 10c?. This is, of course, very satis-
factory from the point of view of the buyer,
and is accounted for by the fact that just
at the moment there is no " craze " to
chronicle, and consequently no inflation of
prices observable anywhere, except in a
few instances which do not affect the book-
collector of average means. In what direc-
tion he will next turn his steps it is impos-
sible to say with any pretensions to accuracy,
but if a guess might be hazarded, it may be
towards a class of books hitherto somewhat
neglected, namely, books written and pub-
lished by our kinsmen across the seas. To
think " imperially " is but the prelude to
some form of practical appreciation which
will assuredly manifest itself sooner or later.
J. Herbert Slater.
THE 1477 VENICE EDITION OF THE
'DIVINA COMMEUIA.'
Wood End, YVeybridge.
The fact that the commentary to Vindelin
da Spira's edition of the ' Commedia '
(Venice, 1477) was that of Jacopo della
Lana, and not that of Benvenuto of Imola,
has of course long been familiar to all people
interested in the matter. It is noted, for
instance, in the introduction to Dr. Carlyle's
' Inferno,' first published in 1848. But it
has always been assumed that the mistake
arose from a claim made in the sonnet
(" vehement and helpless verses," Dr.
Carlyle calls it) which serves as colophon
to the book. I do not feel sure that this
was intended. The sonnet opens with
some lines on Dante, and proceeds : —
D' Imola Benvenuto mai fla pi ho
D' ctevna fainn, che sua mansuets
Lyra opero, commentando il poets
Per cm il testo a noi <■ Intellective
If the writer of these lines was, as seems
probable, the Cristoval Berardi of Pesaro
who is in the next tercet spoken of as the
" indegno correttore " who looked after the
edition, it seems incredible that he should
have been mistaken as to the source of the
comment. I have always taken the lines
quoted as merely acompliment to Benvenuto,
who well deserves it. Why Lann's com-
mentary should have been chosen to accom-
pany the text one cannot say. Possibly
his were the fashionable notes at that day,
and Vindelin, like a prudent publisher, may
have looked chiefly to his sales.
The mistake, anyhow, is very early. In
my own OOpy some sixteenth-century owner
has been at tho trouble of writing a title-
page in fine Gothic letters, in which the
BO
Til E A Til EN .i:r M
N I"-/. Jan. 20, 1-
oommentari i i oribed i" Benvenuto. It
would l>i- interesting t<> know it the oopj
referred to bj Mr. Slater had been similarly
treal L J. Bxttleb.
INK i:.\i;n ENGLISH DRAMA SOCIETY.
L8, r.ui > street, Bloomabury, W.C
Mai I ask the courtesy of publication for
our or two items of possible interest ?
1. The next two volumes of the *' Early
Dramatists Series " of this Society, are now
ready, and will bo issued immediately —
'Anonymous Plays,' Series III., and 'The
Dramatic Writings of K. Wever and Thomas
[ngelend.' The first named includes
(amonpl five other plays) ' Gammer Gur-
t on's Needle ' ; and, through the courtesy
of Dr. Bradley and Messrs. Maemillan & Co.,
I am able to summarize the evidence to date
in favour of and against Dr. Bradley's ascrip-
tion of this play to William Stevenson v.
"M1 W. Sftill], M1 of Art," together with
facsimile title-pages illustrating one of Dr.
Bradley's points.
2. Prof. Ward, in his introduction to the
farewell volume issued by the Spenser
Society, mentioned a " MS. Index and
Glossary " to John Hey wood's ' Works,'
which, prepared and promised in 1807, had
unfortunately been lost. It is now found.
While preparing my edition of Heywood's
' Proverbs, Epigrams, and Miscellanies ' for
the E.E.D.S., I received not a little courtesy
from Mr. C. W. Sutton, the librarian to the
Manchester Corporation. Amongst other
things sent "as of possible utility " was
what proved to be the MS. volume in ques-
tion. I immediately recognized the hand
of Dr. Furnivall ; and Mr. Sutton's replies
to my remarks and inquiries soon established
the identity of the volume. No one, I am
sure, will be more pleased than Dr. Furnivall
himself to know that work done thirty years
ago, apparently to no purpose, will after all
be utilized ; especially as he has recently,
in company with Mr. Sidney Lee, Mr. A. H.
Bullen, and others, shown his sympathy
with our efforts by consenting to become one
of the honorary vice-presidents of the Early
English Drama Society.
John S. Farmer.
Not long since it was said that all
the clever young men were on the Tory
side. Thisjias certainly not^been true
of recent years, and the Parliament now
being elected can already boast a literary
distinction on the Liberal side unknown
to its predecessor. Mr. Winston Churchill
lias signalized his accession to his new
faith by publishing the book of the
season ; and Mr. A. E. W. Mason, who
has won a manufacturing constituency,
has reached the pleasant position of a
popular novelist. Mr. Herbert Paul is
well known in the literary world.
Of the younger men, Mr. Hilaire
Belloc has written brilliantly on many
subjects, including some excellent verse,
both of a light and serious kind. Mr.
C. F. G. Masterman, who looks after the
literature of The Daily News, is effective
both as speaker and writer. He made a
stir by that striking little book 'The
Abyss,' and recently published 'In Peril
of Change.1 Mr. <■. p. Qoooh is a Cam-
bridge historian, and baa written 'The
History of English Democratic [deal in
the Seventeenth: Century ' and ' Annals of
Politics and Culture, I $2-1899.'
Mi:. ( '. W. I'.(A\ i.km \\. u ho i- alflO
among the new members, was originally a
compositor on Tht Daily Tdegra/ph, and
holds the position of secretary of the
London Society of Compositors.
In TheCornhitt Magazine for February
■ From a College Window ' deals with the
writing of books. In 'Freeman versus
I'Youde ' Mr. Andrew Lang revives an old
question, a new one being ^discussed in
' Grandeur et Decadence de Bernard
Shaw,' by "A Young Playgoer." In
'George Eliot's Coventry Friends' Mr.
W. H. Draper presents a memory of the
last century, while ' Society in the Time of
Voltaire,' by Mr. S. G. Tallentyre, con-
cerns a very different period. Poetry is
represented by Mr. A. D. Godley's
' Pegasus, Quiet in Harness.'
The opening article in the February
Independent Review will be ' The Revolu-
tion of the Twentieth Century,' by Mr.
W. T. Stead. Mr. G. L. Dickinson will
follow with an essay entitled ' Quo Vadis V
a plea for consideration of the ultimate
ideals which should underlie political con-
troversy. Mr. G. L. Strachey is writing
on Sir Thomas Browne, and Mr. A. Tho-
rold on ' Maeterlinck as a Moralist.'
Among the other contributions will be
' Flowers and the Greek Gods,' by Miss
Alice Lindsell ; ' Leonidas Andreieff,' by
Mr. Simeon Linden ; and ' From the
Second to the Third Reform Bill,' by Mr.
Graham Wallas.
Mr. Filson Young is at present en-
gaged on a ' Life and Account of the
Voyages of Christopher Columbus,' which
the firm of E. Grant Richards hopes to
have ready for publication in the autumn
of this year. English literature on the
subject of Columbus's life is comparatively
meagre, partly owing to the fact that
most of the original documents are widely
scattered throughout Spain and Italy. As
there is reason to believe that English
collectors have in their possession a good
many original charts and documents
relating to Columbus's voyages, Mr.
Filson Young hopes that any who have
materials of the kind will assist him by
communicating with him on the subject
at the address of his publisher.
Messrs. Macmillan & Co. expect to
have the 'Memoir of Archbishop Temple,'
in two volumes, ready about the middle
of February It is, as we have already
announced, the work of seven friends.
Another biography of interest is an-
nounced by the same firm — that of
Henry Sidgwick, written by his widow
and his brother Mr. Arthur Sidgwick.
The materials for their account are an
autobiographical fragment dictated by
Sidgw ick in his last illness; a journal kept
between 1884 and 1892, and sent at in-
tervals to John Addington Symonds at
Davos ; and a large number of letters
lent by relations and friends. The book
will probably be ready about the same
time as the life df Temple.
'I'm. Rev. .1. X. Figgis, ReCtOl <>f .Main-
hull, has been entrusted by Lord Acton
with the ta-k of completing the edition of
his father's ' Lec< ures and I It i —
hoped, if possible, to publish the Cam-
bridge lectures in a very tew months.
These lectures alone will Buffioe to refute
the idea that Acton was a man who talked
about erudition, but did nothing, foi they
are likely to prove the most valuable COn-
t ribul ion to the philosophy of history pub-
lished in this country 01 recent years.
.Mr. Figgis is laying aside a book of his
own on " Political Thought in the Fif-
teenth and Sixteenth Centuries' in order
to complete the Acton remains a- speedily
as possible.
A new story by -Mi. Robert Hichens is
to appear in the autumn, its title will,
it is said, be ' The Call of the Blood,' and
ene of action Sicily.
Besides their "Early Dramati-ts
Series," the Early English Drama Society
have in preparation photo-litho, collotype,
or photogravure facsimiles of rare books
and manuscripts in all departments of
literature. The size, script or print, and
other details of the originals will be
followed. The volumes proposed for this
year are Massinger's ' Believe as You
List,' ' Ralph Roister Doister,' and
' Gammer Gurton's Needle.' The con-
ditions of publication are too elaborate to
be exhibited briefly.
Mr. Sidney Lee. in the paper which
he read last Monday before the Biblio-
graphical Society, on early translations of
English books into French, noticed in-
cidentally the impossibility of pursuing
his research exhaustively in this country,
owing to the small number of early
French publications of the kind in the
British Museum or any other public
library. At the British Museum the gaps
in this department of foreign literature
are very numerous, and it is, unfortu-
nately, by no means the only department
of the sort which betrays deficiencies. It
is to be hoped that some systematic
efforts will be made to remedy this defect
in the library.
Mr. Arthur Lewis writes from Wincot,
Chorleywood, Herts : —
"The death of the Rev. Basket! Smith,
F.R.G.S., on Friday, the 12th inst., deprives
tin1 world of one of its ablest lecturers, and
his friends of a most genial and interesting
personality—a vigorous thinker, an admir-
able raconteur, and a humourist of the best.
But of all he had to tell us, nothing was so
peculiarly his own subject as that life in the
Holy Land, to which he lirst went as com-
panion of Laurence Oliphant, with whom
upon Mount Carmel he lived so long. How
much we wish now — too lata! — that we
had induced him to put on paper the
whole story of thai solitude of two among
the Syrian Druses! Some aspect of that
strange experience he wrote in the form of
fiction in his "For God and Humanity: a
Romance of Mount Carmel': but the
intimate facts of Oliphant's life near Haifa
have yet. perhaps, to be extracted from the
papers of his friend now lost to us. May
this some day be done 1 "
N°4082, Jan. 20, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
81
Mr. Smith was, we may add, the author
of Murray's Handbook to Syria and
Palestine.
At last week's meeting of the Edinburgh
Bibliographical Society, Mr. Robert Steele,
of the London Bibliographical Society,
read a paper on ' Materials for the History
of the Lithuanian Bible.' This transla-
tion, of which only two or three fragments
are known, is one of the puzzles of inter-
national bibliography, made none the less
difficult because its literature is found in
such languages as Polish, Lithuanian,
Russian, and Bohemian. Mr. Steele ex-
pressed the belief that the Lithuanian
Bible was never completed or published,
and that it was printed in London. Of
the few proofs which got into circulation
some two or three still exist.
A meeting of the friends of the late
Dr. William Hastie, Professor of Divinity
in the University of Glasgow from 1895
to 1903, was held last week, when certain
memorials of the Professor were handed
over to the University. These included
a marble bust of Prof. Hastie, a lecture-
ship to which an appointment will
be made triennially, and 600 valuable
volumes from the Professor's library.
Principal Story, who presided at the
meeting, paid a high tribute to Dr. Hastie's
versatility as scholar and writer, philo-
sopher and poet.
Dr. Wallis Budge, of the British
Museum, has made a translation of, and
written a commentary on, the curious
Egyptian books known as ' The Book of
what is in Hades ' and ' The Book of the
Gates ' respectively. These two works
give pictures of the life after death which
differ in many respects from that which
can be drawn from the more generally
known ' Book of the Dead,' and they are
a good deal later in date, not having been,
apparently, reduced to writing until the
eighteenth or nineteenth dynasty. Dr.
Budge's translation will be published
early next month by Messrs. Kegan Paul
& Co., and will form the first English
version of these books which has yet
appeared.
We find that in our last issue we have
given Mr. John Long as the publisher of
' A Pretender,' by Annie Thomas, whereas
Messrs. Digby, Long & Co. are the pub-
lishers. We are very sorry to notice this
mistake, which we rectify as soon as
possible.
During the occupation of the Straits
Settlements by the Portuguese and the
Dutch during the sixteenth and seven-
teenth centuries a number of notable men
of both nationalities died and were buried
in Malacca. Many of their tombs survive
to the present day. Mr. R. N. Bland lias
written a volume under the title ' His-
torical Tombstones of Malacca,' contain-
ing the most interesting of the epitaphs,
with numerous photographs. A short
introduction gives historical references to
the monuments. Mr. Elliol Stock is the
publisher.
Temple Bar for February contains a
paper on Richard Jefferies by Mr.
Edward Thomas, dealing with his strong
personality both as a man and a writer.
Mr. Cecil Chesterton, in ' The Comedy of
Elections,' shows how locality affects the
views and temperaments of electors. Miss
Netta Syrett describes ' The Fascination
of a Doll's House,' which is not Ibsen's ;
and Miss V. H. Friedlaender in ' The
Little Lad ' shows the attraction the sea
has for the children of seamen. Miss C. S.
Foster contributes a poem called ' The
Eastern Exile.'
The Home Counties Magazine, which
has just completed its seventh volume,
will in future be published by Messrs.
Reynell & Son, of Chancery Lane. The
new editor is Mr. W. Paley" Baildon,
F.S.A.
Mr. Alston Rivers announces for
publication next month a number of
Thackeray essays, now collected for the
first time, and edited by Mr. Robert S.
Garnett, entitled ' The New Sketch-Book.'
The presentation to Mr. Walter Wells-
man to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of
' The Newspaper Press Directory,' of
which he has been so long editor, will
take place at a luncheon at De Keyser's
Royal Hotel" at one o'clock on Tuesday
next, when r Sir William Treloar will
preside.
The candidates for the Regius Pro-
fessorship of Greek at Cambridge have to
expound some Greek for the benefit of
members of the Senate, and are now
announced as follows. Prof. Ridgeway
on January 23rd takes a passage of the
' Supplices ' of iEschylus ; Dr. Jackson
on January 25th part of Plato's ' Cra-
tylus ' ; Dr. Adam on the same day a
fragment of Pindar ; and Dr. Verrall on
the 26th a passage of the ' Eumenides '
of iEschylus. Dr. S. H. Butcher is not,
as was suggested in some quarters, a
candidate for the Greek Chair.
Dr. Oscar Levy some time ago made
an appeal in our columns to friends of
Stendhal to contribute to a memorial to
him. He now informs us that a monu-
ment is about to be erected in France, and
that M. Adolphe Paupe, the secretary of
the committee who are arranging it, is
bringing out a new annotated edition of
Stendhal's letters. This will be published
shortly, and will contain 560 letters, instead
of the 272 in the Calmann-Levy edition.K-
The manuscripts of Victor Hugo,
scrupulously preserved by the late Paul
Meurice in his house in the Rue Fortuny,
are, in accordance with his wishes, to be
transferred in a week or two to the
Bibliotheque Nationale. This has been
decided in a conference with the poet's
executors and M. Henry Marcel, the direc-
tor of the French National Library. The
transference will not affect the greal
edition of Hugo's works now in progress,
for the new editor, M. Gustave Simon, will
have free access to the various manuscripts
until his task is completed. Although
nominally public property from the
moment they are received at the Biblio-
theque Nationale, they will presumably
not be open for inspection for some vcars.
The one important exception is the manu-
script of ' Hernani,' which was given to
the Comedie Francaise by the expressed
desire of Hugo.
According to the official fists just
issued 42,390 students matriculated at
the German universities during the winter
term, showing an increase of 2,674 as
compared with the corresponding term
last year. Of these, 8,081 are at Berlin,
5,147 at Munich, 4,224 at Leipsic, 2,908
at Bonn, and 1,443 at Heidelberg. There
are 1,908 women studying at the univer-
sities, but only a small proportion of these
are matriculated students.
The death, in his sixty-eighth year, is
announced from Breslau of Prof. Hermann
Markgraf, director of the town library,
and author of several interesting works,
dealing chiefly with the history of Silesia.
A prominent Hungarian journalist has
passed away, at the age of sixty-seven, in
Siegmund Brody, editor of the Neue Pester
Journal. Brody, who was of very humble
origin, first took up the study of medicine ;
but the dissecting-room proved too much
for his nerves, and he turned to journalism,
where his practical business capacity and
instinct for discerning what the reading
public required, soon enabled him to raise
his paper to eminence. He is said to
have possessed a singular power of dis-
covering talent in others, but to have
been unable to retain his contributors,
owing to his petty ways in dealing with
them — a peculiarity combined with
generosity as a philanthropist^ _He was
the first journalist to become^a~member
of the House of Magnates.
The only Parliamentary Paper of general
interest to our readers this week is a Re-
port on the London County Council Rules
as to Employment of School Children (3d.).
Next week we shall pay special atten-
tion to Theological Books, and also insert
our annual notice of Italian Literature,
which has been unavoidably delayed.
SCIENCE
RESEARCH NOTES.
In his Presidential address to the Rontgen
Society on the 4th inst. Prof. Soddy " put
the dots on the i's " of Prof. Rutherford's
investigations into the transformations of
radium, which were referred to in these
Notes some months back (see The Athenosum,
No. 4063). Prof. Soddy told his hearers
that the Alpha-particle expelled from radium
was an atom of helium, and that it is the
loss of successive atoms of the same sub-
stance that brings about the seven changes
which have already been observed, antl (he
eighth which botli lie and Prof. Rutherford
agree takes place. Thus the expulsion
of the first atom of helium changes radium
into the gaseous emanat ion which Sir William
Ramsay calls ex-radio, and reduces the
atomic weight from 225 to 221. The loss
of another atom produces radium A (atomic
weight 217). the film of " imparted activity.*'
invisible and imponderable, which ex-radio
leaves upon any solid object with which
it is long enough in contact and which emits
Alpha rays only. Radium P (atomic weight
82
T II E A Til KN'.KT M
\ U)82, Jam. 20, 1906
213) is rayless, hut chan;.'' • in .t I >. .1 il twenty
minutes into radium <'. whioh emits, aooord
ing to Prof. Rutherford, Upha, Beta, and
Gamma rays alike, changing in rather
than half an hour into radium l> (atomic
wi dghl 200). This, which forma the active
principle of radio active lead, is also rayleas,
and takea forty yean to undergo its nexl
transformation and beoome radium E. The
radiations of this arc of Beta and Gamma
rays only, bul in six days it beoomee radium
!•'. which Prof. Rutherford identities with
the polonium of Madame Curie and the
radio-tellurium of Prof, Bfarckwald. As
this also expels an Alpha or helium particle,
it should by analogy form radium (!, with
nil atomic weight of 205. But this, l'rof.
Soddy agrees with Prof. Rutherford, is
sufficiently near to the atomic weight of
lead (206*7) for lead to he regarded as the
final product of the transformations. Thus,
the problem of the alchemists has been solved,
not by us, but by Nature; and could we
find out how to hasten the process, we
should have at our disposal forces compared
with which all those hitherto handled by
man are trifling. The sudden disintegration
of 30 milligrammes of radium would, says
Prof. Soddy, about equal the explosion of a
hundredweight of dynamite. Wherefore it
is to be hoped that the discovery will not
be made just yet.
If the view of the phenomena above
given be correct — as to which the curious
can consult The Philosophical Magazine for
September of last year — the position of
helium among the elements becomes ex-
tremely curious. We already know that
it cannot be liquefied, having resisted all
the processes to that end which have proved
effectual with oxygen, nitrogen, and even
hydrogen ; and that its rate of diffusion is
more rapid than that of any other known
substance. Yet it is impossible to obtain
proof of its existence otherwise than with
the spectroscope, and the behaviour of the
helium emanating from radium, which dis-
appears if left long enough in a glass bulb,
does not seem to correspond with that pre-
pared by Sir William Ramsay's process,
which can apparently be retained in a
Plucker's tube for an indefinite period.
Dr. B. Walter has recently stated that the
Alpha particle of polonium, which is, as
we have just seen, according to other obser-
vers the helium atom, renders the air
luminescent in passing through it, and has
a very pronounced photo-chemical effect,
which seems to correspond to the spectral
rays A350-A290. This effect is said to be
more marked in the presence of nitrogen.
Is it another case of a double spectrum ?
Not unconnected with this, perhaps, are
the phenomena observed by M. Charles
Nordmann at Philippeville, in Algeria,
during the late solar eclipse. Taking with
him an instrument which he calls an iono-
graph, and which apparently registers the
number of ions present in a given portion
of the atmosphere, he found that up to
45 minutes after the first contact the
number of positive ions remained normal.
At the expiry of that time, however, they
began to grow fewer, reaching their mini-
mum 40 minutes after totality. Then the
curve began to rise again, until 20 minutes
after the last contact it had regained its
normal value. He declares that this is in
accord with the theories of] Dr. Lenard and
MM. Elster and Geitel, according to which
solar radiation plays a chief part in the
ionization of the atmosphere. But the
phenomenon can also be compared with
what happens when a large Tesla trans-
former, which appears to discharge, as has
been noticed, only positive ions into the
unrounding atmosphere, w maxked by a
en on Ol metal or Other good conductor.
Prof. Stark, of Gdttingen, baa also been
making experiments on the Bpectrum of the
Alpha rays, his theory being that it is the
positive ion he calls ll the "atom-ion, "bul
the change in nomenclature does not aeem
to convey any additional information
which is the carrier of the line spectrum of
an element, while the hand spectrum is due
to the recombination of the positive and
negative electrons. On this theory the
Alpha particles should emit t he line spectrum
of the gas in which they are produced, and
the gas itself the hand spectrum which
should he superposed on the other. Accord-
ing to the summary of his experiments
which alone has reached this country, he
finds a difference between the behaviour of
nitrogen and that of other gases, spectro-
scopic examination here showing the appear-
ance of the band and line spectrum simul-
taneously. With hydrogen, the line spec-
trum emitted in a direction at right angles
to the Alpha rays shows sharp lines of the
known wavo-lene;th ; while that emitted in
the same direction as the rays themselves
shows, on the ultra-violet side of these, new
and wider lines, which he thinks are due to
displacement. The full account of Prof.
Stark's experiments which is promised will
be looked forward to with interest.
Prof. E. Marx has lately made another
attempt to measure the speed of the Rontgen
rays by a process which he declares to be
relatively simple, to be applicable to any
species of radiations, and to be accurate
within a margin of 5 per cent. According
to this, the speed of the X-rays is equal to
that of light, or 300,000 kilometres per
second. With this may be read the experi-
mental proof by Dr. W. Seitz that the
Rontgen rays can be produced with a much
lower voltage than is generally supposed,
and that as long as any glow light reaches
the anti-cathode, they will be produced
even with an electromotive force of only
600 volts. The difficulty that weak or soft
rays find in penetrating the walls of the tube
is, he thinks, the reason why this has not
been observed before, but he points out that
soft rays are more easily absorbed by a
sensitized photographic plate than hard ones.
A new species of radiation is announced
by Dr. F. Streintz, who thinks that slow
oxidation will cause certain metals, such as
magnesium, aluminium, zinc, and cadmium,
to give out rays detectable by a photographic
plate. These rays, which he compares to
the ultra-violet, ionize gases, as is shown by
their action on iodide of potassium paper,
but are incapable of penetrating more than
a few hundredths of a millimetre of air.
All these metals can be protected against
oxidation by a charge of positive electricity,
and it is suggested that this fact may be
made use of for industrial purposes.
Another curious discovery is that of Dr.
Auer von Welsbach that some of the metals
derived from the rare earths, such as lan-
thanum, didymium, and yttrium, when
alloyed with iron, increase, to an unexpected
extent, its power of giving out sparks on
concussion. Thus he finds that an alloy of
lanthanum containing 50 per cent, of iron
will give out long and brilliant sparks under
the action of a steel file. These sparks
appear to be too rapid to possess much heat,
but if they develope sufficient to inflame a
mixture of petrol vapour and air they might
be of use in the motor-car industry, and the
suggestion might be worth a few experiments.
Lord Rayleigh has made some calcula-
tions as to the rate at which the electrons
are, on the electronic hypothesis, supposed
to rotate within the atom, and has come to
the conclusion that their motion can never
be entirely -t< adv. HonOO, he think
must he a tendency to radiation at all
t iiii* . -. i i ■ r i thi lystem i- undisturbed
by external which would aeem to
confirm the views of M. I..- I'.on and oti
bo the universal disintegration of msttor
The spectrum, he suggests, mas- be due to
the upsetting of the balance, and the fre-
quencies will then correspond to the original
distribution of the electrons as it I \. ••.!
before the disturbance. He also makfii tome
remarks as tot he frequencies of electric vihra-
tions, and says that the principles which
have led to the formulae he gives have
affinity rather with the older view a- to the
effect of electricity upon conductors than
with that of Maxwell. All this is to be
found in The Philosophical Magazine for
this month.
At the last meeting of the Royal S >< iety
of Edinburgh Or. G. E. Fawsitt gave par-
ticulars of some curious experiments lately
made by him on the electrical polarity
of metals. He found that the precious
metals silver, platinum, and gold in their
amorphous form were electro-positive when
placed in dilute acid with specimens of the
same metals which had been annealed.
Hence it appears that the same element can
be positive when its molecular structure is
not crystalline, and negative when it is.
This should give reflection to those who have
too rashly founded arguments on the assump-
tion that accidents like valency and polarity
are the fundamental properties of any
elements. F. L.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL NOTES.
Prominent among the original memoirs
in U Anthropologic (xvi., Nos. 4 and 5) is
one by M. Hugues Obermaier on Quaternary
human remains in Central Europe. He
observes that the osseous remains of Quater-
nary man are as rare as the archaeological
remains are numerous, and specifies the dis-
coveries in the caves of Sipka and Krapina
and at Willendorf and Predmost, and the
skeleton of Bruenn, as assuredly Quater-
nary ; other discoveries in Bohemia, Mo-
ravia, Austria, Hungary, and Poland he
dismisses as erroneous, doubtful, or insuffi-
cient. M. Armand Vire describes the Solu-
trean cavern of Lacave (Lot), which yielded
many objects of reindeer horn, some bearing
carvings (one a spirited head of antelope),
and well-worked flint implements. M. 6mile
Cartailhac and the Abbe Breuil continue
their account of the mural paintings and
engravings of the Pyrenean caverns. MM.
Anthony and Hazard furnish notes of the
muscles of a negro who was brought to
France from Africa, and died of sleeping
sickness at the hospital of Auteuil.
L'Honunc Prchistorique (1905, No. 11)
contains a report of the proceedings at the
inauguration of the monument to Gabriel
de Mortillet, designed by M. A. La Penna.
and erected in the Square des Arenes de
Lutece, Paris, with photographs of the monu-
ment. Upon a marble column is a bronze
bust of De Mortillet, and in front of the
column a figure of a young woman reading,
typifying youth engaged in the study of the
prehistoric, the future looking into the past.
Between the column and the bust, forming
a four-sided capital, are representations of
the Chellean, Mousterian, Solutrean, and
Magdalenian types of mankind : the first
of pronounced simian type ; the second.
still simian, but modified, and having better
formed lips ; the third, a female figure, less
prognathous than the former, and bearing
traces of an instinct for personal adornment ;
the fourth, a girl's head, enlarged from one
of the figures discovered at Brassempouy.
N° 4082, Jan. 20, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
83
and representing both physical beauty and
intelligence.
Mr. Rafael Karsten, of the University of
Helsingfors, has published, in excellent
English (Wasa, F. W. Unggren), an aca-
demical dissertation on the ' Origin of
Worship,' presented by him for public
criticism on November 25th, 1905, in the
hall of the Historico-Philological Section of
the Philosophical Faculty of the Alexander
University of Finland. It is the result of
studies carried on in 1903 and 1904, mainly
in the British Museum, at the suggestion of
Dr. Westermarck. Mr. Karsten holds that
in the lowest religions only those objects or
spirits of objects from which the savage
apprehends danger, or which in one way or
another interfere in his welfare and destiny,
became gods in the strict sense of the word
and the objects of propitiation ; and that
religious worship has originated in the
instinct of self-preservation, out of which
animism has grown up by degrees. He
rejects Herbert Spencer's theory of ancestor-
worship, except in so far as it forms a branch
of the general animistic belief. He main-
tains, in opposition to Robertson Smith,
the theory that religion was born of fear,
and holds that that writer's view of a blood
covenant between man and the superhuman
powers belongs to an advanced stage of
religious evolution. The industry with
which Mr. Karsten has pursued his studies
may be indicated by the fact that his list
of authorities contains 230 entries, and
includes nearly all that has been written
on the subject.
SOCIETIES.
Asiatic. — Jan. 9. — Sir Raymond West, V.P., in
the chair.- — Mr. Fleet read a paper on the inscrip-
tion on the relic- vase which was found in 1898 in a
ruined stupa, or memorial mound, at Piprawa, in the
Basti district, United Provinces of Agra and (hide.
An ancient Pali book the ' Mahaparinibbanasutta '
tells us that, on the death of Buddha, his corpse
was cremated. Everything was consumed, save
only the bones. The bones were divided, as relics,
into eight portions, and were distributed to various
claimants. One portion was allotted to the Sakyas
of Kapilavatthu on the strength of their claim,
"The Blessed One was our chief kinsman." And
the Sakyas built, at Kapilavatthu, a memorial
mound over their share of the relics. It has
hitherto been believed that the inscription on the
Piprawa relic-vase stamps the mound in which it
was found as the stupa which was erected by the
Sakyas in these circumstances. Mr. Fleet now
showed that that interpretation of the record is
erroneous. What the record really says is : " This
is a deposit of relics of the brethren of the Well-
famed One, the kinsmen of Buddha the Blessed
One, together with their sisters and their children
and wives." And the event witli which it is in
reality connected is a great massacre of the Sakyas
of Kapilavatthu which was perpetrated l>v Vidfi-
dabha, King of SavatthI, as fully recorded in the
Buddhist hooks. The remains and relics found in
the Piprawa Stupa are, in tact, the remains and
relics of the townspeople of Kapilavatthu who
were then, with a few except ions, ruthlessly
slaughtered, men, women, and children. And now,
for the first time, we see the meaning of the
curious nature of the articles (numbering more than
seven hundred) which were found in the stupa
along with the inscribed relic-vase. Those articles
include women's trinkets and household treasures,
children's playthings, and, in short, many a thing
unnecessary, if not actually unsuitable! in con
nexion witli any enshrining of the relics of a
teacher or a saint, but most appropriate in con-
nexion witli whal we now see was the real State of
the case. The value of the record, in fixing the
position of Kapilavatthu at or verycloseto Piprawa,
remains unimpaired. A new point of interest
brought out by Mr. Fleet is that the record
the origin of the tribal name of the people from
whom Buddha sprang. The " Kinsmen of Buddha,"
Buddhassa sakiya, became the tribe, the Sakiyas,
and then by contraction the Sakyas, of the
traditional literature which afterwards grew up.
And from the tribal name which thus originated
there came the appellation of Buddha as Sakyamuni,
"the Sakya saint," which, so far as definite dates
go, is first found in the Rummindel inscription of
Asdka, incised 238 years after the death of Buddha.
A full exposition of the whole matter — including
the proof of the meaning of the text of the record,
and the evidence that it is the oldest Indian
record yet obtained will be found in Mr. Fleet's
article to appear in the January number of the
Society's Journal. There are other mounds at
Piprawa and in its neighbourhood which have not
yet been examined. It is to be hoped that a
judicious selection may be made, and that further
explorations may be carried out. There is no
reason why the stupa which was erected by the
Sakyas of Kapilavatthu over their share of the
relics of Buddha should not be found, and
identified by some recoi'd deposited in it. — A
discussion followed, in which Di\ Grierson, Dr.
Hoey, Prof. Rapson, and Mr. F. W. Thomas took
part.
Society of Antiquaries. — Ian. 11. — Mr. W.
Gowland, V.P. , in the chair. — This being an
evening appointed for the election of Fellows, no
papers were read. The following gentlemen were
elected : Rev. R. H. Lathbury, Rev. the Hon.
Kenneth F. Gibbs, and Messrs. Horace W.
Sandars, M. F. Tweedie, J. MacLehose, and
George Marshall.
Meteorological. — Jan. 17. — Animal Meeting. —
Mr. Richard Bentle}', President, in the chair. —
The Council in their Report stated that the
new scheme of lectures and exhibitions had
been successfully inaugurated during the year,
and that they had appointed Mr. W. Marriott
as the lecturer. The work of the Kite Com-
mittee had been continued, the special observa-
tions being carried out by Mr. G. C. Simpson on
board the Mission steamer Queen Alexandra in the
North Sea. The number of Fellows is 674, being
an increase of 16 on the year. — After the presenta-
tion of the Symons Gold Medal to Sir Richard
Strachey, the President delivered an address on
' Meteorology in Daily Life,' in which he referred
to the increasing interest shown throughout the
country in the study of that science, and to
the recent advances made in it, more especially
in the analysis of the composition of the atmosphere,
and in the investigation of the upper currents of
the air. He also laid stress on the urgency of safe-
guarding the water supply, pointing out that in
the reign of William the Conqueror there were
barely two millions of inhabitants in these islands,
and no water then used for sanitation or manufac-
tures, while to-day the population has risen to
over forty-two millions, and most of the surface
lands have either been drained or built over. — The
officers and Council for the ensuing year were
elected.
Philological. Jan. 12.— Rev. Prof. Skeatin the
chair. — A paper by Dr. T. K. Abbott, of Dublin,
'On an Marly Lai in-Knglish- Basque Dictionary."
was read by Dr. Kurnivall. Edward Lhwyd, the
Celtic antiquary, 1670-1700, imagined that close
affinities existed between Irish and Basque, and
seems to have directed the compilation of a Latin-
English-Basque dictionary which is among his
MSS. in Trinity College. Dublin. The compiler
did not know Latin. He took Leicarraga's transla-
tion in tin- dialed of bower Naval re. of the New
Testament (printed 1571), made from the Genevan
French Testament, and collated it with the
English Authorized Version, So he naturally
came to grief. Many of the examples cited will
lie found in Dr. Abbott's paper vaNoteaand Queries
for August I9thlast. Mr. .1. \V. H. Atkins read
'Some Notes on "The Owl and Nightingale.'" The
two thirteenth-cent ury MSS. were stated to be inde-
pendent copies, since the later one. .1 (MS. Jesus
('oil. 29), supplies certain lines which are wanting
in ( ' ( MS. Cotton Calig. A. i\. ). .1 is also free From
certain abBurd forms found in (': while 1. 1721.
inserted in C after 1. 1735, i correctly placed in .1.
A further comparison of the MSS. buows thai •! is
greatly inferior to C, and that its inferiority arises
from systematic scribal alteration. .1 persistently
omits unimportant monosyllabic words, which are
not always necessary for the sense, but which the
metre requires. In the same MS. the word-order
is occasionally varied, not always for the better ;
and there also occur eight instances of indefensible
alteration of verbal flexion. Still more frequently is
the diction of C altered ; and such rhymes as manne:
barme (389-90), hue.: teone (457-8), of J, as con-
trasted with manne : banne, leue : reue, of C, illus-
trate the nature of these substitutions. With
regard to the language, it was suggested that the
regularity of the orthography of J is due to the
scribal methods already mentioned. Such J rhymes
as hayhte : wrauhte (105-6), lifdayt : islawe
(1 141-2), alongside those of C, hayfe : wra$te, -daje :
islawe, seem to point to a falsification brought
about in the course of adapting the original forms
(such as those of C) to a certain orthographical sys-
tem. O. E. to is with one exception self-rhyming :
it does not appear to have fallen together as yet
with O.E. e. Similarly O.E. long as and ea are self-
rhyming, and were therefore possessed of distinct
sound-values. In 1. 14 breche (C) might be retained
in preference to beche (J). Parallel forms exist in
Germanic and Mod. English dialects, and breche on
the whole seems to suit the context better than
beche. Spene (165), with loss of d after n, is not
necessarily due to analogy with M.E. went, wende.
It more probably represents the beginning of an
independent linguistic tendency, the effects of which
are frequently found in M.E. and also in Mod. Eng.
dialects (S. and S.W. ). Faleici (456), cf. iredi
(488) : both are clue to analogy with O.E. adjectives
in -ig. On account of the numerous feminine
rhymes in the poem (masc. : fern. =1:3*7) — more
numerous than in certain sections of Chaucerian
verse — that Chaucerian characteristic need not be
due to Italian influence, for no such influence is at
work here. It might easily be the mere result of
setting English words (with accent on the first
syllable) to the iambic metre, for unless the final
word of a line were monosyllabic, as a rule a
feminine rhyme wovdd be formed. As to the mean-
ing which underlies the poem ; it is a debate con-
cerning two distinct types of poets and poetry (cf.
11. 927-8 and 1339). Its ultimate intention is to
bring before English readers the merits of the new
love-poetry, and, while recalling the virtue of the
earlier didactic kind, to advocate the adoption of
love as a legitimate theme of the native poetry.
Mathematical. — Jan. 11. — Prof. A. R. Forsyth,
President, in the chair. — Miss Hilda Phoebe
Hudson, Mr. W. F. S. Churchill, and the Hon.
B. A. W. Russell were elected Members. — The
President referred to the loss sustained by the
Society by the death of Prof. C. J. Joly, and gave
an account of his scientific work.- — The following
papers were communicated : ' On the Monogeneity
of an Algebraic Function,' by Dr. H. F. Baker, —
' On the Diffraction of Sound by Large Cylinders,'
by Mr. J. \Y. Nicholson, — and 'On the Expression
of the so-called Biquaternions and Triquaternions
by ineans of Quaternary Matrices,' by Mr. J.
Brill. — Dr. E. W. Hobson made an informal com-
munication ' On the Representation of Functions
of Real Variables.'
resi -
Bibliographical. -/bb, 15. — Mr. Faber, lYe;
dent, in the chair. Mr. Sidney bee read a paper on
'An Episode in Anglo-French Bibliography (1610).'
After alluding tot lie numerous English translations
from the French during the sixteenth century, Mr.
bee showed that while More's 'I'topia' and some
other works originally written in Latin, mostly
by Scottish professors, had been translated into
French, the only vernacular literary works (as
opposed to political manifestoes) which found
French translators were those of .lames I., and for
their publication in French the king himself
arranged. In 1610, however, Hall's 'Characters'
(the first of the numerous imitations of Theo
phrastus) was translated by the Sieur I )e Tourvel,
and to Windebank are preserved in the Record
Office, lie was a friend of Cotgrave, and a pane
gyrical letter From Ins pen appears m all the
earlj editions of the dictionary. He seems to have
been oonoerned with the Frenoh translations of
James I. 's works, and one of Ins letters complains
thai his journeys to France with this object had
84
T II K AT II EN -K I M
N 1082, .i-n. 20, 1006
been left unrewarded, Thii translation bj I >•
Tourvel proved tl ' onch
versions ol Ball's worki some printed it l
others st Paris, the latter being the more inti
Ing, u produoed without, ana even in -|nt< of,
In lei/. ( (reene'a ' Panda to wt
translated into French, and enjoyed a considerable
populai itj in l ■ nun \ and a half. In
li.r.i Ba essayi were published at Paris in a
version whioh was reprinted in 1021 and 1622, and
had reai bed it- seventh edition in Hi.'iT. The same
translator, Baudonin, also brought onl a French
version "i 'The \\'i-cl"in of the Ancients' almost
simultaneously with it-, publication in English in
London. The chief other works "t Bacon also
found Frenoh translations, and several ol his Latin
writings appeared in Fundi earlier than in
Enghan. Lord Herbert of Cherbury'a 'De Veri-
tate' «,i- published in Paris in Latin in 1624, and
a French translation appeared in 1636. No
English translation lias yet been undertaken. In
1624-5 two French versions of Sidney's 'Arcadia'
appeared simultaneously, and a bvelj quarrel
ensued between its translators. 'The Man in the
Moon,1 liv Francis Godwin (1638), and 'The World
in the Moon' (1638), by Bishop Wilkins, were also
translated, and exercised a considerable influence
on French literal inc. Thus the rendering nt
English literary works in prose into French, which
began in 1610, soon established itself as a custom,
and in the eighteenth century became a factor of
the greatest importance in the development of
French thought, though English poetry and
English drama attracted lint little attention. —
Dr. Garnett, Mr. Steele, and Mr. Almack took
part in the discussion.
MEETINGS NEXT WEKK.
M..v
Ti iv
London Institution, 6. — 'The inner life of the House of
imons, i *i W. us. Aubrey.
Sociological, s 'Sociolo Academic Subject,1 Prof.
l! U. Werdey.
Royal Institution, s, ' impressioni "i" Travel In Chins and tin-
K.ii i ii . Prof, E. il Parker.
— Institution of Civil Engineers, 8. Discussion on "The Blimiinv
t i. >i» of Storm-Water from Sewerage 8ystenu' and 'The
Elimination of Suspended Solids and Colloidal Matters from
Sewage.1
— Ajithropologioal B^0.— Annual Meeting; President's Address,
'Copper and i t > Alloys in Antiquity
Wed. British Numismatic, 8. — " Coinage at St. David's in the Time of
William L,' the President ; A Remarkable Penny of Alfred
the Great,' the Direi tor
— Qeological, B. -'The Buttermere and Ennerdale Qranophyre,'
Mr. It. II. Rastall: 'The igneous and Associated Sedi-
mentary Hocks of Uangynog, Caermarthenshire,' Messrs. T.
Crosbie Oantrill and H. B. Thomas.
— Society of Arts, 8. 'The Planting of Waste Lands for Profit,'
Dr. J. NIebet,
Tin rag. Royal
— Royal Institution, 6.— 'Shakespeare,' Lecture II., Canon
Seeching.
— London Institution, 8. -'Legal History of Trades LTnionism,'
Mr M. N. Drucquer. (Travers Lecture.)
— Institution of Electrical Engineers, 8.—' Technical Considera-
tions in Electric-Railway Engineering,' Mr. P. W. Carter.
— Society of Ait-, B.— "High-Speed Electric Machinery, with
Special Reference t«» Steam Turbine Machines,' Lecture II..
l'rof. s. P.Thompson. iHoward Lecture.)
— s.niety of Antiquaries, 8.30.— ' Westminster Hull ami Palace,'
Mi W It. LeUiaby.
Institution of civil Engineers, B.— 'Prince of Wales Pier,
Falmouth,' Mr. T. 1!. Qrigson ; ' Perro-Conorete Pier al I'm
fleet' Mr. II. o. II. Btheridge IStudents Meeting.)
Royal Institution, 9 -'Waltei Pater, Mr. A. C. Benson.
Mathematical, 3. Animal Meeting.
Koyal institution, 8. — 'The Church in Prance,' Lecture II..
Mr ,i B. 0. Bodley.
Em.
Srtitntt O3055ip.
The death occurred suddenly on Sunday
last, in Pimlico, of Dr. Hermann Johann
ftprengel, a scientific writer of note, who dis-
covered the value of lyddite as a powerful
explosive. Dr. Sprengel was horn near
Hanover, and had his education in Germany,
but settled in London in 18G2.
A m.w small planet was discovered photo-
graphically by l'rof. Max Wolf at the Kbnig-
Btunl Observatory, Heidelberg, on the 27th
ult. Amongst those registered there by Hen
Kopff on the same night was one which
had been discovered visually by Mr. J. H.
Metcalf at Taunton, Mass., on the night of
December 5th.
Dr. Stbomoben publishes in No. 40<>."> of
the Astronomische Xarliriclil.cn a continua-
tion of his ephemeris of Giacobini's comet
(c, 1905). Alter passing its perihelion early
next week, ii will probably be visible to the
naked eye in the evening, situated in the
south-western part of the constellation Capri-
COmUS, so that it will he low in the heavens
as seen in any part of Europe.
FINE ARTS
■■ ♦
Till] old MASTERS vi
i;i i:i.i\(. ion iiui BE.
(Second N
Tiir second room at Burlington IL"
mainly devoted to Victorian nit. Wilkie
is seen at In best m a brilliant pasticht ol
Teniers, Sheep washing (No. 17). and as a
genera] imitator of the Dutch in an exquisite
composition. The Errand l><>!/ (•'{"). His
more original style of genre, seen in The
Rabbit on the Wall (68), is incomparably li
artistic. The curious failure of the sense of
fine colour and rich tone which befell artists
in the first hah' of the nineteenth century Lb
manifest in the dull accomplishment of
Herring, Webster, Stark, and Vincent ;
while the abysmal depths to which artistic
intelligence sank are seen in Sir E. Land-
seer's Cat's-paw (50). Perhaps the most
novel picture, though by no means the best,
in this room is the Hilton, Portraits of Mrs.
de Wint and her Daughter (02). This is
handled with a mastery of the brush which
still recalls Kaeburn. but the pink-and-white
flesh and the blankness of the design already
prepare the way for the later Millais and Mr.
James Sant.
It is a relief to hasten to the third gallery.
dominated as it is by Reynolds's triumphant
portrait of Dr. John Ash (73). It is one
of those splendid compositions, at once
simple and rich, which show that Reynolds
had acquired a greater command of artistic
resource, and used it with a more unerring
taste, than any other British painter. This
is worthy almost of Titian or Rubens, and
scarcely another portrait painter can lay
claim to have given so much pictorial
splendour to the subject. The building-up
of the design upon a diagonal line is masterly
in its art and in the subtle concealment
thereof ; and the colour-scheme is wrought
out with such unity that one is conscious
not so much of colours, rich though they
are, as of colour. Reynolds's own portrait
of himself (86) is another masterpiece of
perfectly unified handling, and here again
the colour becomes entirely elusive, so that,
while one has an impression of intensity
and richness, one could scarcely name a
single tint. The sumptuous portrait group
of Jane, Countess of Harrington, and her Two
Sons (87), is pitched in a different key, more
obvious in its effects, and for once Reynolds
seems to have sacrificed distinction of style
to a vivid impression of life in the head of
the Countess. He redeems himself from
this charge in the delicately refined portrait
of Miss McQitt (SO), where French rather
than Italian or Flemish influences seem to
prevail. Of great interest as portraits
d'apparat are the two gigantic canvases of
George, III. and Queen Charlotte (82 and 84),
which are, we believe, the result of Key-
nolds's refusal to continue his office of Presi-
dent of the Academy unless he was at least
once called upon to paint its royal patrons.
In spite of their magnificence and tin' extra-
ordinary technical skill they display, they
are uninspired and laboured productions, and
might well justify the king in preferring
Gainsborough's more spontaneous attitude.
Of the Gainsboroughs in this room, and
indeed in the whole exhibition, the finest
is Col. Shuttleworth's portrait of Oiardini
(78). It is one of the purest and most perfect
expressions of Gainsborough's genius. The
gesture <>t the hands and the play of the
features have the momentariness ^i life
itself: the colour, with its daring scarlet
ami pale luminous tlesh with bluish shadow-.
idinarily happ> I ■ ■ ' • thing in the
•ht, but it i- the rightnesa of
instinct, and ict oi calculation: and it i-
. -ised wit h so delicate, rapid, and flatter-
ing h touch that one (eelfl us though the
painter had only to think the vi-mn, and it
there upon the canvas ; hand.-, brushes,
and paint- seem toolfl tOO clumsy for such a
re-uh. Very different, much 1. — sductive,
but noble and sincere none the less, i- Mr.
Fairfax Mm' igfa of Thomas
Havtland ('.Mi. an earlier, more careful work,
but showing already in the hands Grains-
borough's tremulous certainty <>f touch.
The Duke of Rutland's landi 7 'hi
Woodcutter's Home (05), in spite oi certain
exquisite passages in the figures and in the
extreme distance, is too coppery in tone to
• her.
The post of honour at this end of the
gallery is given to an early copy oi Van
Dyck's portrait of The DuJa of Richmond.
The original, which belonged to Lord Mcthuen
is now in the Metropolitan Museum. New
York. The present version, though quite
respectable as a copy, can hardly claim
anything of Van Dyck's handiwork. On
the other hand, Col. Warde'.- St. Sebost
(97) — hitherto, we believe, unknown to
connoisseurs — is an interesting early at-
tempt at a subject which fascinated thearti-t.
In tiiis he has not arrived at an entirely satis-
factory disposition of the figures. The horse-
man to the right is scarcely a part of the
composition, and seems drawn with un
tainty for that reason. On the other hand,
there are passages — such as the gaily dressed
negro boy with the sheaf of arrows and the
reflection of the white cloth in the execu-
tioner's armour — which are painted with
intense delight and certainty of effect. But
of all the Van Dycks here the quite early
portrait of Snyders's Wife (104) is the fin
Indeed, it ranks high among all the works
of this period. The cold grey colour-scheme,
with its inky distance and slaty curtain, is
as original as it is perfect, and against this
the flesh tells with a relief and luminosity
that are marvellous. The near neighbour-
hood of a very fine Dobson, Portraits of Sir
C. CotiercU, W. Dobson, and Sir Balthazar
Gerbicr (105), raises some interesting points
of comparison. No doubt Van Dyck him-
self had lost, by the time Dobson was under
him, something of the full force and intensity
of his early manner ; but with Dobson
everything is still further smoothed down:
the drawing becomes more stylistic, and the
modelling, even, polished and unaccented.
But for all that Dobson's is a fine picture,
painted with careful taste and a manly-
sense of character.
We have only alluded in passing to the
great Franz Hals which hangs on this wall.
It is described as a Portrait Croup of the
Painter and his Family (102). The man's
face is certainly like Hals as seen in the
Amsterdam picture of himself and his second
wit'.-, but the likeness is by no means abso-
lute. The woman in Col. Warde's picture
is evidently not the Lysbeth Keyniers of the
Amsterdam picture, so that, if this picture
is of Hals and his family, she must be
the first wife. But this makes it clear
that the picture cannot properly be called
Eals's family. Hals married his first wife.
Anneke Hermans/., in Hill, and she died
in 1616, so that the son horn in the first
year could not possibly in his mother's
lifetime have attained the age here repre-
sented. On the whole, then, we must decide
that, in spite of a certain likeness in the man's
face to Hals himself, another title must be
Found for this remarkable picture. The
Canvas has at one time been folded in half.
and has Buffered considerably in the central
portion ; but otherwise it is a magnificent
N°4082, Jan. 20, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
85
example of Hals's handling at its boldest.
The splendid assurance and the certainty
with which the simplest means are made
to convey so vivid and intense a present-
ment are admirable ; so, too, are the daring
economy of colour on so large a scale, and
the genuinely humorous and naive interpre-
tation of life. But the picture fails to please
entirely as a composition. The figures —
each excellent by itself — are related with too
little art for the picture to have great deco-
rative charm, and the marvellous success
in mere verisimilitude appears too slight a
motive to justify this grand scale.
Before leaving this gallery to treat in a
subsequent article of the more modern
painters, we must notice the Earl of Darnley's
Jordaens, a portrait of The Artist's Wife
(103). The man behind is somewhat feebly
modelled, but the woman's figure — painted
in variations upon scarlet and with large
aggressive modelling — gives the measure of
Jordaens's very individual talent. It would
not have been such as it is without Rubens ;
still, it is no mere adaptation, but another
vision which Rubens could not himself have
conceived. If, as we believe, the Lady with
a Dog (99) is also by Jordaens, he was not
always so well able to assert himself against
the pervading influence of his greater rival.
ACADEMICIANS AT THE
CARFAX GALLERY.
The announcement that the Carfax
Gallery, hitherto associated with the younger
school of English painting, had invited
members of the Royal Academy to exhibit
onjjits walls, has aroused no little curiosity,
further piqued by the simultaneous report
that the painters of the New English Art
Club and others who are, so to speak, " of
the Opposition " are to have their work
hung at Messrs. Agnew's. The latter show
has been postponed ; but the Carfax Gallery
has already opened its doors. We do not
know that the Gallery is to be congratulated
on what many will think a desertion of its
colours. But the Academicians can con-
gratulate themselves on being seen really
to advantage, instead of in the jostling
crowd and glare of Burlington House.
Here the pictures have elbow-room and
pleasant relief in a well-chosen background
of quiet colour. Yet the effect of the collec-
tion is not striking. It is true that it does not
represent the utmost of which the present
members of the Academy are capable, and
Mr. Orchardson is absent. But it reflects
in small the general atmosphere of the
regular Academy exhibition, its variety and
incoherence of aim and method.
What does the Academj' stand for ?
What tradition does it uphold ? What
does it inculcate on its students ? A visit
to the Carfax Gallery ought to enable one
to find some answer to these questions ; but
we fear they remain purely rhetorical.
Some traces of a tradition linger in the work
of Mr. Sant, who sends a picture called A
Fair Disputant (No. 13). The hands and parts
of the dress are finely painted, and we find
delicacy and expressiveness both in the
drawing and in the handling of the pigment ;
but the face is uninteresting. Next to this
hangs a study of two children reading by
firelight (19), by Mr. Bramley. The paint
is laid on frankly and directly — that is,
with entire sacrifice of luminosity. It is
undeniably clever, and sonic years ago such
work could have been called novel, though
now it has a " day before yesterday " air.
The Royal Academy may prido itself on
its enlightened liberality in encouraging
modern phases and advanced movements ;
but unfortunately its efforts to catch up
with popular opinion are nearly always
belated. It would earn much more respect
if, instead of making what appear to be more
or less unwilling concessions to outside
movements, now in one direction and now
in another, it moved on a line of its own.
We would rather see it given over to aca-
demic art, capable of being reproached for
the academic weaknesses of dryness, austerity,
and coldness, if it fostered the academic in-
sistence on strenuous discipline and severity
of draughtsmanship. Whistler disliked the
art of Ingres ; yet he wished he had been his
pupil, he felt how much that severe training
would have strengthened him. But even
more than such discipline we should welcome
a devotion to the principles upheld by the
Academy's first and greatest President. The
artist who reigns in Sir Joshua's place con-
tributes a water-colour of Bamborough
Castle (6). It would be unfair to judge this
as if it were an important work ; but un-
deniably it would have shocked Reynolds,
for it contravenes his habitual precept to
concentrate severely on essentials, and avoid
that "high finishing of the parts" which,
as he says, so far from being really
conscientious, can be done " in ease and
laziness." The Castle on its seamed crags
is a magnificent subject. Cotman's small
etching proves how impressive it can be
made. Sir Edward Poynter's treatment is
different. The Castle itself is in a back-
ground of veiled atmosphere, and one
carries away an impression chiefly of red-
roofed barns and cows in a meadow. The
bold disdain of conventional perspective in
these roofs, which recede in beautiful parallel,
is a welcome touch of vivacity in a drawing
which, it must be confessed, inclines to
tameness.
Under this hangs what is probably the
best thing in the room, a small portrait
group (7) — not a recent work — by Sir
Laurence Alma Tadema. Great subtlety
and quiet skill are shown in the modelling
of these heads in luminous shadow, their
eyes fixed on the picture before them, of
which the spectator sees the back. Yet
here again the evenness of finish all over
the painting prevents the real charm of the
picture from telling as it ought. Emphasis,
fire, concentration ; something expressed
at the cost of a sacrifice, but expressed with
passion and conviction — this is what one
looks for in the work of artists who claim
to be leaders ; but this is what is painfully
lacking from the typical Royal Academy
picture of to-day. Hence the vigour and
dash of Mr. Sargent's sketch of a Venetian
interior (17) are indeed refreshing. It is a
pity that Mr. Farsons's landscape (8) — so
thorough and admirable up to a certain
point — has not just the extra gust of energy
to make it a fine picture. Of Mr. Leader
and Mr. MacWhirter it is unnecessary to
speak : they follow their chosen ideals with
unswerving loyalty.
Mr. Solomon is an able draughtsman and
an accomplished handler of paint : but he,
too, might learn from Reynolds some of the
reasons why he fails in imaginative subjects.
His Psyche ( 1">) is a clever painting of a nude
figure ; but in an ideal subject we demand
infinitely more. Forms and features that
suggest only a pretty model, quite out of
relation with the attempt at imaginative
background, tin- light of common day (as
it comes into the studio) — those have no
power to cany us into the world where
Psyche lives. To think for the briefest
moment of Watts's picture is to feel a kind
of indignation thai Psyche — ono of the
most adorable creations of the human mind.
Vanima sempKcetla che ea nulla -should he
handled so cheaply. Sir W. B. Richmond
has been better advised in his treatment of
the legend of Phaethon (1). He has made
Phaethon himself an insignificant figure, and
painted a vision of earth and (we suppose)
moon rolling among clouds, while the white
horses of the sun-chariot stagger and stumble
in the blue above. Sir William Richmond's
work would always be more enjoyable if
we did not feel its derivativeness. In
gravity of mood and dignity of design his
two upright Assisi landscapes (23 and 26)
are, however, among the best things in the
room. Mr. Clausen sends four contribu-
tions of various dates and manners — none
of them really adequate to represent his
talent, but all good and the work of a serious
artist. Another of the strongest artists of
the present Academy, Mr. Swan, is also not
at all typically represented by his Mole-
Catchers (35). Mr. Hubert von Herkomer
sends a brilliant Spanish study (33) ; Mr.
Wyllie an ugly Pool of London subject ;
Mr. Napier Henry two water-colours which
look like oils ; and Mr. Frith an oil (30)
which looks like a highly finished water-
colour. Mr. Gow's largish canvas of a trivial
incident (10); Mr. Macbeth's most adequate
illustration of an absurdly sentimental
drawing-room song (9) ; Mr. Solomon's
admirable stage " super," labelled St. George
(21) ; and the rich streaks of colour in Mr.
Hacker's thoroughly decadent La Cigale (4)
attract attention, and should prove popular.
THE DEPARTMENT OF COINS IN THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.
The British Numismatic Society,
43, Bedford Square, W.C.
In your issue of the 6th inst. under this;
heading you say :—
"We regret to find that in our notice of The
British Numismatic Journal, on December 23rd,
reiving on the statements there made, some
misconceptions and misstatements were inad-
vertently admitted, which may have conveyed to
our readers a wrong impression with regard to the
honour and efficiency of the staff of the Coin
Department of the British Museum."
As the writer of the article in The British
Numismatic Journal referred to, I should be
obliged if you or the Department will say
what statements it contains which could
lead to either misconception or misstate-
ment. I am at a loss to understand any
such suggestions, as each and every offmy
criticisms were based on the authority of
the officials of the Coin Department them-
selves, as testified by (1) their writings, (2)
their publications, (3) their replies to my
inquiries, (4) their information supplied to
the Blue-books. If, therefore, they will
specify any alleged inaccuracy on my part.
I will vouch it by quoting my authority.
P. Caklyox-Brittox.
Jfiur-Art ©OSStp.
Yesterday and to-day was the private
view of an exhibition of water-colour draw-
ings of ' Gardens ' by Mr. George S. Elgood
at the Fine-Art Society's rooms.
Thh private view of the eleventh annual
exhibition of tin- Royal Society n\ .Miniature
Painters takes place to-day at the Modern
Gallery, New Bond Street. The exhibition
will he open to the public from Monday
next to February 24th.
At the last meeting of the Council of the
Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and En-
gravers Miss Ethel Stewart was elected an
\ jociate.
.X(i
T II E A T II EN -i: I' M
X K)82, Jah. 20, L906
K oonnezion with the exhibition of the
■>taats I'orbcs collection of Millet din-.'
now being held at the Leioeeter Galleriea,
Mi 1 [< incmann announces a volume of fifty
facsimile reproductions of Millet's drawings.
The edition i-- limited to 300 copies, and will
1m- published in the Bpring.
'I'm: new Foreign Associates of the Fine-
Art section of the Academic Itoyale ot Be]
gium are MM. Jean Paul Laurens, II. Sfesdag,
Rodin, and Sir Aston Webb.
A\ interesting discovery has just been
made in Parte a series of 85 copperplates
by Rembrandt, including such important
ones ns 'The Descent from the Cross,' 'The
I U Burrection of Lazarus,1 ' The I leath of the
Virgin,' ' Dr. Faust,' &C. Out of the collec-
tion 45 have been found to be in perfect con-
dition. It has been presented to the Kyks
Museum by the proprietors of IS Artiste, but
a limited number (100) of examples on
Japanese paper will be offered for subscrip-
tion at l,000fr. per album. The collection
is said to have belonged to Mariette, who
was " Controleur General de la Grande
Chancellerie de France " and a collector
and author. He died in 1774 ; but we
have not found any entry in his sale of
1768, nor in either of the sales in the year
after his death, to correspond with these
copperplates. Their history will probably
be fully discussed in the preface which will
accompany the above-mentioned limited
issue of the reprint.
The existence of several almost unknown
drawings by Fragonard is reported. In the
library of the Faeulte de Medecine at Mont-
pellier there are seven drawings by this artist
— six in red chalks and one in bistre. The
public library at Besancon contains over
thirty drawings by Fragonard, bequeathed
in 1819 by the artist's friend the architect
Paris. Some of these were probably in-
tended for illustrations to La Fontaine's
* Contes,' and they will for the first time be
exhibited to the public, with other drawings
by artists of the eighteenth century, at the
forthcoming Exposition Retrospective des
Arts Comtois, to be held at Besancon under
the direction of MM. Georges Berger and
Henri Bouchot.
The Metropolitan Museum of New York,
which is showing an enterprise very different
from the apathy of our own authorities, has
just secured M. Leon Lhermitte's picture
'Chez les Humbles,' which figured in last
year's show of the Societe Nationale.
MUSIC
LONDON [SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA
IN PARIS
The second London Symphony Concert
at the Chiitelet Theatre on Friday, the 12th
inst., attracted a ver^v large audience, and
the | programme gave far better oppor-
tunities to the Leeds singers. It opened
with Berlioz's ' Benvenuto Cellini ' Over-
ture, ' given under the direction of M.
Edouard Colonne, who is in strong sym-
pathy with the music of the great French
master ; and at the close not only the
audience, but also the orchestra, gave him
a special welcome. ' The Challenge of Thor,'
from* Sir Edward Elgar's 'King Olaf,'
though well sung, was scarcely impressive ; it
was only a brief excerpt, and more-
over it does not represent the com-
poser at his later and stronger period.
The difficulty of selecting anything from
'The Dream of Gerontius ' or from 'The
Apostles ' is. however, self-evident. On
tin- other band, the- three movements —
lie,1 l-aeryinosa,' and ' ( MTer-
torium ' Erom Sir Charles Villier Stanfoi
Requiem ' gave a fair idea of the oompo
reoenl art work. The ohorus and the
soloists Miss Perceval Allen, Madame
M.irie Brema, and Messrs. John Coatee and
Plunkel Greene were all (and very natu-
rally) determined to render justice, BO far
as lay in their power, to the coiupo
work. French critics cannot fail to recog-
nize the masterly writing, but it will be
curious to hear what they think of Sir
Charles Stanford's music, which in itfl
sedateness is so different from that of French
composers. We shall hope next week to
quote from one or two notices by
well-known French critics. The ' Sanctus '
from Bach's B minor Mass was superbly
sung, yet, owing to the drawback men-
tioned last week, the choral singing seemed
shorn of some of its brilliancy and power;
the performance, however, evidently gave
high satisfaction. After a short pause came
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, and the three
instrumental movements proved a triumph
for the orchestra ; the rendering of the
Scherzo was particularly fine. A French
musician with whom we conversed after the
concert was specially pleased with Sir
Charles's tempo for the slow movement ; the
French conductors, he inferred, made of the
movement a " linked sweetness long drawn
out." The choral part was very good, the
high and long-held A of the sopranos being
remarkably firm in tone. The soloists were
the same as in the ' Requiem.' After the
symphony ' La Marseillaise ' was sung,
followed by ' God save the King.' Then
there was hurrahing and frantic applause —
for some time, indeed, the excitement was
intense. It was gratifying to find that the
bold step on the part of the London Sym-
phony Orchestra was so successful. The
demonstrations of approval should not,
however, be misunderstood ; a great part
was obviously intended for the fine playing
and the fine singing.
It remains to be seen how far the exhibi-
tion of British musical art was appreciated
by the public and the critics. The pro-
grammes were not all that could be desired ;
but, let us add, Pt here were many practical diffi-
culties, and moreover there was evidently a
desire to introduce as many British names
as possible into the programmes. LeMenestrel
of January 14th, in a sympathetic notice of
the first concert, says : " We cannot quite
understand why works like Saint-Saens's
' Phaeton,' Strauss's ' Don Juan,' and the
' Meistersinger ' and ' Cellini ' Overtures
figured in the programmes." The reason,
however, is simple : the London Symphony
Orchestra of course wished to show what
they were capable of doing. We have spoken
about the disadvantage at which the choir
was heard ; but the orchestral players,
though in front, were all on a level, whereas
M. Colonne's orchestra is arranged in tiers,
whereby much more sonorous effect is
obtained.
iHusical (Gossip.
' Bluebell,' which is now being given at
the Aldwych, was spoken of in our dramatic
column, when it was produced in 1901. as
one of the prettiest of Christmas entertain-
ments. We wish to say a word about the
music, which, if in one or two places not far
removed from the commonplace, is as a
rule refined and very daintily scored. There
really seems a genuine attempt in it to rise
above the ordinary dance rhythms prevalent
•n musical comedy.
\ imi b read at the Lowestoft oonfei
of the Incorporated Society of Musicians
aroused inten -t and provoked discussion.
I >r I-'. .). Sawyer'i subject was 'Modem
Harmony a- exemplified in the Works of
Blgar, St ran-, and DebuSSy,1 three promi-
nent men, "all earnestly desirous of ad-
vancing our e> which can at
stand still."' He reminded those who scofl
.■i modern music of Elusion's saying, "The
gibes of one gen. ration are the seeds from
which spring the praises of the next"; but
Dr. Cummings in the discussion quoted
Edward Poynter, who, in a lecture recently
delivered at the Royal Academy of Art,
advised his hearers "not to be misled by
eccentricity." it i- certainly well to i.
abreast of the times, but not to be carried
away by mere novelty ; and, like some, to
look upon the masters of the past as little
more than Stepping-stones hading to the
mixed art of the present day.
An interesting paper was read by Mr.
Clifford Edgar before the members of the
Musical Association last Tuesday. It was
entitled ' Mozart's Early Efforts in Opera,'
and illustrations, instrumental and vocal,
were given from works known only by name
to many musicians.
The Xora Clench Quartet announces a
series of six chamber concerts at the Bech-
stein Hall on the evenings of February 5th
and 19th, March 5th, 19th, and 27th, and
April 0th. The scheme includes, in addition
to various standard classical works, quartets
by Hugo Wolf and Debussy, Sir Charles V.
Stanford's Pianoforte Quintet in d minor,
and Mr. Josef Holbrooke's Quintet for horn
and strings.
A Vocal Recital, given at the Erard
Rooms in Paris on the 11th inst., deserves
a word of mention. The artists were
Madame Marie Brema, Miss Rose Ettinger,
and Messrs. John Coates and Francis Braun.
The programme was of exceptional merit,
and the artists met with great and de-
served success, especially Mr. John Coates,
who sang in Paris for the first time.
Mozart is being specially honoured at
Ratisbon this week. The ' Zauberflote ' was
announced for yesterday, ' Don Juan ' is to
be given to-day, and ' Figaro ' to-morrow,
by members of the Munich, Vienna, and
Dresden court opera-houses respectively.
General musikdirektor Mottl has been invited
to conduct all three performances. The
AUgemeine Musik - Zeitung notes the fact
that the birth-house of Schikaneder, who
wrote the libretto of the ' Zauberflote,' is
still standing in Ratisbon.
Madame Wanda Landowsea, the cele-
brated performer on the harpsichord, gave a
recital at Vienna last month with the
following original and attractive title: 'Pas-
toral Music of the Sixteenth, Seventeenth,
and Eighteenth Centuries."
We learn with deep regret of the death of
Lady Bridge, wife of Sir Frederick Bridge,
organist of Westminster Abbey
The Tdgliche Rundschau ""recently pub-
lished three hitherto unknown letters from
Richard Wagner to Ferdinand Luube. The
latter had taken Wagner under his pro-
tection in early days, and had written in
the Zeitung fur die elegant* Welt a highly
favourable notice of Wagner's symphony
produced at Leipsic in 1S33. For years
they were on very friendly terms, as the
firsl two of the above-named letters show.
But a scathing criticism by Laube of the
•Meistersinger' put a sudden end to the
friendship. The last letter, written from
Lucerne, runs as follows : —
Dbab Laube ! 1 should feel greatly obliged to
you if yon would use your influence at the Leipsic
N°4082, Jan. 20, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
87
Stadttheater so that my operas may never he given
there again. In anticipation of a friendly fulfil-
ment of my request, I remain yours truly, R. W.
Laube, it may be added, was director of
thetheatre in question.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Sun.
Mon.
Tuns.
Wed.
Thi-rs
Sat.
Sunday Society Concert. 3.30, Queen's Hall.
Sunday League Concert, 7, Queen's Hail.
iMr. F. Warren's Song Recital, 8.30. .Eulian Hall.
Miss Sunderland and Mr. Thistleton's Old Chamber Music
Concert, 4, Broadwood'B.
Alma Mater Male Chorus, K. Bechstein Hall.
Mr. Theodore Bvards Concert, 8.30, Bechstein Hall.
Mile. Marie Dubois and Mr. .Ian Hambourg's Pianoforte and
Violin Recital. :>,. .Eolian Hall.
Miss Barbara Thornlev s Pianoforte Recital, 3, Bechstein Hall.
Mr. B. Ansell's Concert. 8.16, Stcinway Hall.
Royal Choral Society. 8, Albert Hall.
Broad-WOOd Concert. 8.30, /Kolian Hall.
Cnappell's Ballad Concert, ;>. Queen's Hall.
Popular Concert for Children and Young Students. :i, Steinway
Hall.
Miss Agnes Fencing's Pianoforte Recital, 8.30, .Eulian Hall.
Scotch Concert. 7.OT. Albert Hall.
DRAMA
THE WEEK.
New Royalty. — Heureuse, Comedie en
Trois Actes. Par Maurice Hennequin
et Paul Bilhaud. — La Rafale, Piece en
Trois Actes. Par Henry Bernstein. —
Le Paon, Comedie en Trois Actes et en
Vers. Par Francis de Croisset.
First given at the Paris Vaudeville on
February 26th, 1903, ' Heureuse ' suc-
ceeded in provoking to a species of hostile
comment a portion of the ordinarily lenient
Parisian press, and was, in one quarter
■at least, taxed with Sadisme. It is,
indeed, more than a little repellent, and
it needs the eminent gifts of Madame
Rejane to secure a condonation of the
liberties it takes. Though announced as
a comedy, it was played as broad farce, and
as such only could it obtain acceptance.
The theme seems to have been suggested
by ' Divorcons,' but the treatment goes
far beyond that of M. Sardou's in some
respects epoch-marking work. Weary of
a husband whom, on account of his addic-
tion to bucolic pursuits, she pronounces
a rustre, Gilberte de Chateau-Laplante
tells him that she has taken a lover, and,
with some little difficulty, induces him
to believe and divorce her. In the
second act we discover her married to
what is in England called the co-
respondent. She is, however, as far
removed as ever from being happy, and
applies to herself the lex talionis in a
fashion not previously essayed. Having
cuckolded — euphemisms are in this case
futile — husband number one witli husband
number two, she, so to speak, retraces her
steps, and cuckolds number two with num-
ber one. A proceeding of the kind clearly
escapes the charge of incest, but seems
hardly less repugnant to social or ethical
teaching. By rendering it in her broadest
style Madame Rejane contrived t<> mitigate
its unpleasantness. In so doing she was
supported by M. Pierre .Marnier, who
succeeded M. Dubosc as husband number
one, and played in similar fashion,
Madame Suzanne Avril resumed her
original part of Helene Grisolles. The
play commended itself to a public which
readily accepts anything with a foreign
cachet.
' La Rafale ' is one of the latest and
most gruesome of the social satires of
M. Bernstein. It was given at the Gym-
nase Dramatique so lately as October 20th,
and did something to establish the reputa-
tion of Madame Simone le Bargy. A
world more despicable than that into
which M. Bernstein introduces us has
seldom been presented, and a story more
repellent has rarely been told. Married
by her father to the worthless trans-
mitter of a noble name, Helene, the
heroine, makes no attempt to take her
union seriously, but furnishes herself with
a lover even more despicable than her
husband, since he is a professional gambler
and not far from a blackleg. A crisis
soon arises. Robert — so the lover is called
— has lost at baccarat not only all he him-
self possesses, but also a large sum of trust
money, and is face to face with open dis-
honour. Vainly Helene tries to obtain the
required sum from her father or from the
sale of her jewels, and she has ultimately
to secure it as the price of her shame
from a cousin-lover she has formerly
rejected. Possessed of the sum thus
earned, she hastes to Robert's room in
time to hear the pistol shot with which
he ends his crapulous existence. Repel-
lent as is this story, it gives rise to some
powerfully written and eminently dra-
matic scenes, the best of which is that
between father and daughter, when from
her eagerness and passion the former
learns her secret and chides her, only
to be rebuked by her for the loath-
some marriage contract to which she has
been subjected by him. Madame Rejane
was scarcely seen at her best in the part
of the heroine, the creator of which,
as has been said, was Madame Simone le
Bargy. M. Pierre Magnier as the lover
acted with admirable brightness and
precision.
Had ' Le Paon ' of M. de Croisset, first
produced at the Comedie Francaise on
July 9th, 1 904, continued as it opened, it
might have been regarded as a master-
piece. It begins, however, with a story,
its hold of which in progress it relin-
quishes ; its verse is facile rather than
inspired ; there are periods when a sense
of dullness is begotten ; and its characters
are not true to themselves. At the most,
then, it can be credited with being a
pretty, agreeable, and fantastic enter-
tainment. The Baron de Boursoufle,
known for his vanity and braggart airs
as " le paon," has bet his friend De Brecy
a thousand francs that he will, within a
week, win an avowal of love from
Annette, the innkeeper's pretty niece.
The wager he wins by paying the girl
extravagant compliments, derived prin-
cipally from the poets. She accompanies
him to Paris, where he tries, on the shortest
notice, to bring her out as a great artist,
but fails, owing to her nervousness. In
the end he falls in love with and marries
her. M. de Feraudy gave a fine piece of
acting as the peacock ; and Mile. Marie
Leconte was full of archness and charm
as Annette.
Great Queen Street. — Alma Mater, in
Four Acts. By Victor Stephany.
The new play by^Herr Stephany given
at the Great Queen Street Theatre may
be regarded as an amalgam of ' Alt-
Heidelberg ' and ' Zapfenstreich,' but is
inferior in treatment, as in interest, to
either. It was noisily played, and can
scarcely be regarded as a satisfactory
specimen of German acting. Fraulein
Margarete Russ maintained, however, the
precedency among her companions which
she has established.
La Scala. — A Eoyal Divorce : a Drama
in Five Acts. By W. G. Wills.
As a popular and spectacular treatment
of the later life of Napoleon, ' A Royal
Divorce,' produced at the Olympic on
September 10th, 1901, has some merit.
As drama it is of small account, and as
history of none. It has now been pro-
vided with an altered termination by
Mr. George Gervaise Collingham, showing
Napoleon on July 31st, 1815, in Plymouth
Harbour, and produced at the Scala
Theatre with Mr. Frank Lister as Napoleon,
Miss Edith Cole as Josephine, Mrs. Cecil
Raleigh as Marie Louise, and Miss Mary
Jerrold in the sympathetic little part of
Stephanie de Beauharnais. A favourable
reception was awarded, and the theatre
seems to have found the class of pieces
for which it is best adapted.
Court. — Afternoon Performance: The
Electra of Euripides.
In producing, in a rendering by Prof.
Gilbert Murray, the ' Electra ' of Euri-
pides, the management of the Court
Theatre lays a further obligation upon
the scholars who seek for the master-
pieces of classic tragedy the added viva-
city of interpretation. Not so well as in
the edifices in Orange or Avignon may
we realize the features of an open-air
performance on the Acropolis ; but a
representation such as was given on
Tuesday conveys the best idea to be
obtained, under unprosperous conditions,
of an Attic performance. Compared with
'The Libation-bearers' of /Eschylus and
the ' Electra ' of Sophocles, which deal
with the same subject, as well as with
the ' Hippolytus ' and ' The Trojan
Women,' the ' Electra' of Euripides
seems tame, spiritless, and undramatic.
The mere task of perusal is not, indeed,
wholly inspiriting. When given, however,
as at the Court, with a competent Orestes
and an admirable Electra— with a Cly-
temnestra who is pleading, and a chorus
which in a shuddering fashion shares the
malignity as well as the craving for
justice of Electra the severe, relent-
less tragedy asserts itself, and the whole
impassions "and thrills. The appearance
of the Dioscuri at the close was well
arranged, and the rhymed and rhythmic
chant of the chorus was impressive. One
can fancy the influence of the former
augmented by means known to the his-
^s
T II E AT II EN Ml) M
N M)82. Jam. 20, 1906
trions, but the genera] effect wsb o
powering and the ezeoution worthy.
Prof. Murray's translation, which is
that used, is lofty, grave, and solemn,
oonveying an adnuraole idea of the
obligations of Hamlet to Orestes, and
the less direct, hut not less sensihle in-
debtedness oi Milton to the author. The
final address of the chorus : —
Farewell, farewell ! Bat he who oan so fare,
And Btumbleth not on miaohief anywhere,
ed i 'ii cut li is he ;
recalls to as the no less magnificent closing
chorus of ' Samson Agonistes,' beginning,
All i- beat, though we oft doubt,
and ending with the noble lines telling
how He His servants
With peace ami ((insulation hath dismissed,
And calm of mind, all passion spent.
I.K SONNET D'ARVERS.
7i, Grosvenor Road, Highbury, .V
Nul doute que la dedicace en vers a
Mademoiselle X. dont Pailleron a fait
preceder sa piece ' La Souris ' ne fut inspiree
par le celebre sonnet d'Arvers. II n'y a pas
jusqu'a la difference de la forme qui ne fasse
ressortir l'identite de la pensee, la parente de
sentiment et d'expression des deux morceaux.
Mais l'interet litteraire de la question n'est
point epuise par ce rapprochement. II reste
un autre a constater. II n'y a pas que
Pailleron qui a pris son bien ou il l'a trouve,
car le sonnet d'Arvers n'est pas plus original
que la dedicace de 'La Souris.'. .. .Ovez
plutot. J
Bst-il tonrment plus rigourenx
Que de bruler pour une belle
Et n'oser declarer sea feux :
Hi las ! tel esl mon sort affreux !
Quoiqueje sois tendre et fidele,
L'espoir, qui des plus malheureux
Adoui it la peine mortelle,
Ne saurait me flatter comme eux.
Et ma contrainte est si cruelle
Que celle vers qui vont mesvoeux
Lira cc ivcit amoureux
s.ins savoirqu'il est fait pourelle.
C'est moins beau peut - etre, mais il est
loisible de supposer que c'est a ces
quatrains presque oublies que nous sommes
redeyables du sonnet qui, inspire par eux, a
inspire a son tour les vers de Pailleron.
Et l'auteur de ces quatrains ?
Un nomme Cocquard, tout court. lis se
trouvent, parait-il, dans un petit volume
intitule ' Poesies de Cocquard,' Francois
Desventes, Editeur, Dijon, 1754.
A tout seigneur tout bonneur.
D. X. Samson.
Oram at ic Out;, '.up.
At His Majesty's ' Oliver Twist ' has been
played on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday,
and ' An Enemy of the People ' during the
remainder of the week. Mr. Tree announces
a forthcoming revival of 'Macbeth,' with
himself as the Thane, and Miss Constance
Collier as Lady Macbeth, Mr. Lyn Harding
as Macduff, and Mr. Basil (Jill as Malcolm.
'What's the Matter with London?'
is not, as might be supposed, a conundrum
suggested by the elections.but the title of a
new play by Judge Parry and Mr. Mouillot.
which is to be tried in the country with a
view to its ultimate production in London.
' As You Like It,' with the cast already
announced, has been transferred from the
afternoon to the evening bill at the St.
James's.
\. English adaptation "t 'Alms Mater/
the production <>f which is noticed above,
i^ promised for tin- approaching spring.
Tin: Mi i:i ii wr oi Vim.i ' is given this
evening at the Garrick for the last time, i>
run of over a hundred performanoei would
at no distant date have been considered mar-
vellous. Mr. Bourchier contemplates a re-
vival of 'Much Ado about Nothing.' When the
run concludes of ' Brother Officers, ' Mr. Leo
Trevor's military comedy, which is to be
revived on Monday, Mr. Bourohier will play
the hero of Mr. Alfred Sutro's new comedy
'The Fascinating Mr. Vanderveldt,' a |
which will fir-t be jeen in America.
Lights Out ' was transferred on Monday
bo the Savoy, Miss Eva Moore, Mr. Churles
Fulton, and Mr. H. V. Esmond retaining the
principal characters.
Tin: season of French plays at the Royalty
will be suspended at the close of February,
to begin again on May 28th, when M.
Coquelin will appear with the company of
the Gaite.
Mii. Axfbed Sitro's comedy 'The Walls
of Jericho ' has obtained a warm welcome in
the Hague and other Dutch towns.
Herr Ludwto Barnay, the well-known
German actor, has come out of his retire-
ment to undertake the management of the
Schauspielhaus, Berlin.
' The Merchant of Venice,' which has
run for fifty nights at the Deutsches Theater,
Berlin, will soon give place to ' Twelfth
Night.'
The death occurred last Sunday evening
of the author and dramatist Herman Charles
Merivale, at the age of sixty-seven. Never
in the first rank; he had considerable success
with some of his pieces for the stage, such as
'Fedora,' from Sardou, and ' Ravenswood,'
from Scott's novel ' The Bride of Lammer-
moor.' 'The Don' is perhaps the best
known of his comedies.
Erratum. — P. 59, col.
dem md; read </ nande
:i, in line s of the sonnet for
To Correspondents.— G. n. S. — J. R. — received.
R. B.— Writing. R. F. G.— Not suitable for us.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
T
H E
A T H E N M U M,
PRICE THREEPENCE,
Is published every FRIDAY in time for the Afternoon Mails. Terms
of Subscription, free by post to all parts of the United Kingdom : For
Six Mont lis. 7s. Bd. ; for Twelve Months, 15*. 3d. For the Continent
and all places within the Postal Union : For Six Months, 9s. ; for
Twelve Months, 188., commencing from any date, payable in advance to
JOHN C. FRANCIS,
Athenaeum Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, londoD, E.O.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Authors' Agents
BAGSTER & Sons
Bell <S Sons
Cambridge Press
Catalogues
Kl)l CATION At
EXHIBITIONS
EODDER A STOUGHTON
III RST & BLACKETT
Insurance Companies . .
Lecti res
Sampson Low, Marston & <<>.
M WMll.l.W «Y Co.
M IGAZINES, &C
METHUEN
Mi i> ir.'s I, mi; viu
Notes and Queries
Sales bi Ai ction
Situations V icant
sni \no\s Wanted
SONNENSCHEIN & CO
TrPE-WRITERS
War i) & LOCK
Pao«
. 66
. 90
- 38
. 67
. C5
. C5
, 66
. 67
. 68
. 80
. 66
BO
68
. 06
. 68
. 66
. 01
. 66
. 65
. or.
V)
. 66
THE YORK LIBRARY
A NEW SERIES OF REPRINTS ON
THIN PAPER.
.ii- printed in a handy Bize ('»■ in. by
4 J in.), on tlmi Km opaque paper, and are amply,
and attractively bound.
Price, in oloth, 2». net ; in leather,
"Theae books should find their i
home that owns any cultivation."
X,,i, . ,,!•■! Queries.
The f (Mowing Volumes are now ready : —
BURNEY'S EVELINA. Edited,
with an Introduction and Notes, by ANMI BaDTI
ELLIS.
BURNEY'S CECILIA. Edited by
ANNIE KAI.M. ELLIA 2 rola
BURTON'S ANATOMY OF MELAN-
CHOLY. Edited by the Bev. LB 9HILLETO, M.A.,
with Introduction by A. EL in 1. 1. IN. I rola
CERVANTES' DON QUIXOTE.
MOTTEUX'S Translation, Revised. With L<»< K-
II \IM s Life and Notes, i rola
COLERIDGE'S AIDS TO REFLEC-
TION, and THE CONFESSIONS oi AN INO.riRINO
SPTBIT.
COLERIDGE'S FRIEND. A Series
of Essays on Morals, Politics, and Beligioa.
COLERIDGE'S TABLE TALK AND
OMNIANA Arranged and Edited by T. ASHE, B.A.
DRAPER'S HISTORY OF THE
INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPE.
■1 Vols.
EMERSON'S WORKS. A New
Edition in 5 veils., with the Text Edited and Collated
by GEORGE SAMPSON.
FIELDING'S TOM JONES. 2 vols.
GESTA R0MAN0RUM, or Enter-
fanning Mural Merit's invented by the Monks. Trans-
lated from the Latin by the Bev. CHARLES SWAN.
Revised Edition, by WYNNARD HOOPER, MA.
GOETHE'S FAUST. Translated by
ANNA SWANWICK, LLD. Revised Edition, With
an Introduction and Bibliography by KARL BREUL,
Litt.D. l'h. I).
JAMESON'S SHAKESPEARE'S
HEROINES. Characteristic of Wcmen : Monj
Poetical, ami Historical.
LAMB'S ESSAYS. Including the
Essays of l'.lia, Last Essays of Ilia, and Blinnrv
MARCUS AURELIUS
JuNTONINUS, THE THOUGHTS OF. Translated by
GEOBGE LONG, MA. With an Essay on Marcus
Aureliusby MATTHEW ABNOLD.
MONTAIGNE'S ESSAYS. Cotton's
Translation. Revised by W. C HAZLTTT. »vob.
MOTLEY'S RISE OF THE DUTCH
REPUBLIC. With a Biographical Introduction by
MONCURE D. CONWAY. S vols.
PASCAL'S THOUGHTS. Translated
from the Texl of M. AUGUSTS MOUNTER by C.
KEGAN PAUL Third Edition.
SWIFT'S GULLIVER'S TRAVELS.
Edited, with Introduction and Notes. byO. R. DENNIS,
w ii Ii Facsimiles of i he original Illustrations.
SWIFT'S JOURNAL TO STELLA.
Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by P. RVLAND,
MA.
ARTHUR YOUNGS TRAVELS IN
FRANCE DURING THE YEABS 17:>7, 1788, and
ITs'.i. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by M.
BETHAM EDWARDS.
London
GEORGE BELL & SONS, Portugal Street,
Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N°4082, Jan. 20, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
89
SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO.
PARALLEL GRAMMAR SERIES.
Edited by Prof. E. A. SONNENSCHEIN, M.A.Oxon.,
Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Birmingham University.
Uniformity of Terminology and Uniformity of Classification are the distinguishing marks of this Series ; all the Grammars are
constructed on the same plan, and the same terminology is used to describe identical grammatical features in different languages.
Latin, English, Spanish, Dano-Norwegian, Welsh, Greek, French, and German.
16-page Prospectus free. Keys to the Latin and German Readers and Writers may be had by Teachers direct from the Publishers.
NOW READY.
THE OXFORD YEAR BOOK AND DIRECTORY.
Crown 8vo, 5s. net.
THE CAMBRIDGE YEAR BOOK AND DIREC-
TORY. Crown 8vo, 5s. net. [Ready shortly.
NEW AND THOROUGHLY REYISED EDITION OP
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF OR-
GANIC CHEMISTRY. A Theoretical and Practical Text-Book for Students in the
Universities and Technical Schools. By JOHN WADE, D.Sc.(Lond.), Lecturer on
Chemistry at Guy's Hospital, University of London. Crown 8vo, 8s. &d. net.
TEKEL : a Study of Educational Problems of
the Day. By FRANK J. ADKINS, M.A. Crown 8vo, 3s. Gd.
"The book will be found well worthy of perusal by the special class for whom it is
Intended." — Scotsman.
" Contains much useful matter." — Speaker.
PRACTICAL HOUSEWIFERY. By C. F.
PICTON-GADSDEN, Domestic Economy Teacher L.C.C. Schools. Crown 8vo,
Is. 6d.
TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN EVENING
SCHOOLS. By CLARENCE H. CREASEY. With an Introduction by E. H.
GRIFFITHS, M.A. Crown 8vo, 309 pp. 3s. 6d. net.
THE GROWTH OF THE ENGLISH MANOR.
By Prof. P. VINOGRADOFF. Demy 8vo, 10s. <Sd.
"Seems likely at once to take rank as a leading authority upon its subject." — Scotsman.
"Prof. Vinogradoff's method and the mastery of the details of his subject combine to
■produce a notable book." — Academy.
VOLUME II. OF
THE STUDENT'S TEXT-BOOK OF ZOOLOGY.
By ADAM SEDGWICK, M.A., Fellow and Lecturer of Trinity College, Cambridge.
Demy 8vo, 21«.
NEW EDITIONS OF
HANDBOOK OF SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. By
Dr. E. WARMING. Edited by M. C. POTTER, M.A., Professor of Botany in the
Durham College of Science. 610 Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 15s.
AN ELEMENTARY TEXT-BOOK OF BOTANY.
By Dr. SIDNEY H. VINES, M.A. D.Sc. F.R.S., Sheranlian Professor of Botany in
the University of Oxford. 483 Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 9s.
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY. From
— European and Native— connected with India. By C. E. BUCKLANI), CLE.
Small demy 8vo, 7s. (id.
1750 to the Present Day. Containing Short Lives of more than 2,000 Eminent Persons
ed wit
READY SHORTLY.
THE STUDENTS HYGIENE. By Ernest
EVANS, of the Technical School, Burnley. Crown 8vo, 88. C(/.
THE SCIENCE OF COMMON LIFE. By J. B.
COPPOCK, B.Sc.Lond. F.I.C. F.C.S., Principal of the Schools of Science, Kendal
NEW VOLUME OF THE BIJOU SERIES.
BROWNING'S SAUL, AND OTHER POEMS.
By SUSAN CUNNINGTON, Author of 'The Story of Arithmetic'
" Devout students of Browning may find some welcome assistance in this little book.
The commentator is always appreciative." — Scotsman.
" No better booklet could be put into the hands of a lover of versified wisdom, who is at
the same time desirous of obtaining an introduction to Browning's message to the world."
Dundee Couriei.
BY THE LATE SIR M. E. GRANT DUFF.
A VICTORIAN ANTHOLOGY. Demy 8vo, 7s. 6d.
USEFUL BOOKS FOR THE HOUSEHOLD.
Demy 8vo, 2s. 6d. net each.
LITTLE CYCLOPAEDIA OF COMMON THINGS.
By Sir GEORGE W. COX, Bart. New Edition, Revised and Enlarged
THE TRAINING OF THE BODY. Adapted
from the German of Dr. F. A. SCHMIDT by EUSTACE H. MILES, M.A.
[Second Edition.
THE HOME DOCTOR. By F. R. Walters, M.D.
[Third Edition.
CYCLOPAEDIA OF EDUCATION. A New
Edition, thoroughly Revised and brought up to date. [Readii shortly.
THE FUNCTION OF WORDS. A Guide to
Analysis and Parsing. By M. C. CARMAN, B.A. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2*.
SURE STEPS TO INTELLIGENT FRENCH.
By H. R. BEASLEY, late Head Master of Ilornsey Grammar School. Crown Svo, U
" An endeavour by a head master of long experience to break the dead English method
of teaching a language by its grammar alone."— Nottingham Guardian.
"The book will be found useful." — Glasgow Ilerald.
NEW VOLUME OF THE NEW CAMPAIGN SERIES.
NOW READY.
THE RUSS0- TURKISH CAMPAIGN, 1877.
By Major F. MAURICE, P.S.C. (the Sherwood Foresters). Crown Svo, 5s. net.
SECOND EDITION SHORTLY OF THE NEW AND IMPORTANT WORK
BY GEO. W. STOW, F.G.S. F.R.G.S.
THE NATIVE RACES OF SOUTH AFRICA.
Edited by GEO. McCALL THEAL, Litt.D. LL.D. Royal Svo, with numerous Illus-
trations, 21.s'. net.
"The book is of uncommon interest to students of ethnology."— Standard.
"Of singular interest for all anthropologists and folk-lorists. The manv illustrations
add greatly to the usefulness of the book." — Antiquary.
"The work is of great value." — Athenaeum.
NEW NOVELS AT ALL LIBRARIES.
THE STORY OF STELLA. By Caroline Brett
M'LEAN. Crown Svo, 6*.
"'The Story of Stella' is the work of a writer of strong feeling and an original know-
ledge of character, and even its defects add to its power of interest." — Timet.
" A pleasant and well-written story."-- Sr<, Is, nan.
"A novel of considerable power. The development of Stella's character is powerfully
told, and the novel is full of interest thai Only an author with keen insight and knowledge
of human nature is able to arouse." Publisher and Bookseller.
OAK FARM. By Georgie Martin. Crown 8vo,
2ft Or/.
"The story runs dramatically, and the writer gives promise of being heard of again in
this line of fiction." Dundee Courier.
" Possesses a freshness and force in the telling which renders it pleasant diversion for a
few hours." Dundee Advertiser.
"The story is an excellent one, and well told."- SoUtkpOTt Visitor.
SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., Limited, London.
90
T ii E a 'I'll i:\ .r.i'M
N U)82, Jan. 20. 1906
AS AUTHORIZED TO BE USED BY
BRITISH SUBJECTS.
THE
NATIONAL FLAG,
BEING
THE UNION JACK.
COPIES OF
NOTES AND QUERIES
For JDNE 30, 1900,
Can still be had, 1*. Id. free by post, con-
taining an Account of the Flag, with
Coloured Illustration according to Scale.
JOHN C. FRANCIS,
Notes and Queries Office, Bream's Buildings, E.G.
For Acidity of the Stomach.
For Heartburn anil Headache.
For Gout and Indigestion.
D
I X N E F O R D ' S
"Vf" A G N E S I A.
For Sour Eructations and Bilious Affections.
A Safe and most effective Aperient for
regular use.
Insurant* (Eomnanws.
ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS, SICKNESS,
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, BURGLARY, AND
FIDELITY GUARANTEE RISKS
INSURED AGAINST BY THE
I I. \i l! i:i'l l [ON, prim Two Shfll
CELESTIAL MOTIONS:
A Handy Book of Astronomy.
Tenth Edition. With •'! PI
By W. T. LYNN, ii A. Fit AS.,
Associate of King's Collage, London; Lay Reader in the l» I Southwark,
Author of 'Remarkable Cometa,1 'Remarkable Ectipn tronomy for th<.- Young,' Ac.
'• Well known as one of our Ix-st introduction! to .1 tronomy." - Guardian.
London: SAMPSON LOW, KAR8TON ft CO., Ltd., 16a, Pateraoater Bow, B
SEVENTH EDITION, foap. 8vo, doth, prioe Sixpence.
REMARKABLE ECLIPSES:
A Sketch of the most interesting Circumstances connected with the
Observation of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, both in Ancient and Modern Times.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
TWELFTH EDITION, JUST OUT, price Sixpence, cloth.
REMARKABLE COMETS:
A Brief Survey of the most interesting Facts in the History of Cometary
Astronomy.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.G.
THIRD EDITION EXHAUSTED.
FOURTH EDITION, Revised to 1905, NOW READY, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
ASTRONOMY FOR THE YOUNG.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
FIRST EDITION EXHAUSTED.
SECOND EDITION NOW READY, price One Shilling.
BIBLE CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Recorded in the Holy Scriptures, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates, with a Description of the Places named,
and a Supplement on English Versions.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
R
AILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
Capital (fully subscriboiii fi.non.oon, ciaimi p'i'l f5.non.ooo.
54. CORNniLL. LONDON.
N
k.ui. ;
A. VIAN. Secretary.
A T I O N A L PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION!
FOR MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE,
[1835.
Accumulated Fund over
Paid in Claims more than
£0,000,000
£12,400,000
pro ins.
These are divided every five years solely amongst the
Assured. At the 1902 Division a ('ash Profit of £761,602 was
apportioned amongst the members, being considerably more
than one-third of the amount paid in premiums during the
previous five years.
ENDOWMENT-ASSURANCE.
Policies are issued, combining Life Assurance at minimum
cost with provision for old age, and are singularly advan-
tageous. L. F. HOVIL,
Actuary and Secretary.
48, Gracechurch Street, London, K.C.
Application* /or Agencies im-itrd.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
SECOND EDITION, fcap. 8vo, price Fourpence.
NEW TESTAMENT CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Recorded in the New Testament, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
NEXT WEEK'S ATHENE UM will contain
Reviews of THEOLOGICAL LITERATURE,
including CAMBRIDGE THEOLOGICAL
ESSAYS, and the ANNUAL REVIEW of
ITALIAN LITERATURE.
Published by JOHN C. FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lano, E.C.
N° 4082, Jan. 20, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
91
" Learned, Chatty, Useful." — Athenceum.
" That delightful repository of forgotten lore, ' Notes and Queries.'
Edinburgh Review, October, 1880.
Every Saturday, of any Bookseller or Newsagent in England, price Ad. ; or free by post to the Continent, A\d.
NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTERCOMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN AND GENERAL READERS.
*#* Subscription, 10s. 3c?. for Six Months ; 20s. 6c?. for Twelve Months, including postage.
The NINTH SERIES of NOTES AND QUERIES, complete in 12 vols.
(JANUARY, 1898, to DECEMBER, 1903), price 10s. 6d. each Volume,
contains, in addition to a great variety of similar Notes and Replies^
Articles of Interest on the foi lowing Subjects.
THIRD SELECTION.
BIBLIOGRAPHY and LITERARY HISTORY.
Translations of Galen — Books on Gaming — John Gilpin's Route
to Edmonton — Mrs. Glasse — 'Globe' Centenary — Goethe —
Oliver Goldsmith — Thomas Gray — Greene's ' Frier Bacon and
Frier Bongay ' — Grub Street — A. H. Hallam's Publications —
Harvey, Marston, Jonson, and Nashe — Hawker of Morwen-
stow — Heber's ' Racing Calendar ' — George Herbert's Proverbs
Herrick — Heuskarian Rarity in the Bodleian — ' Historical
English Dictionary ' — Hood's ' Comic Annual.'
BIOGRAPHY.
" The Starry Galileo " — Letters of German Notabilities — W. E.
Gladstone — Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey— Duchess of Gordon —
Duke of Grafton and Lord Thurlow— Thomas Guy's Will — Nell
Gwyn — Serjeant Hawkins — Sir John Hawkwood — Sir Richard
Hotham — Victor Hugo.
ECCLESIASTICAL MATTERS.
Genesis i. 1 — Nameless Gravestones — Greek Church Vestments
— Hagioscope or Oriel — Heretics Burnt — Hexham Priory and
the Augustales — Holy Communion, Substitutes for Bread —
Honest Epitaphs — Huxley on the Bible — ' Hymns Ancient and
Modern.'
FINE ARTS.
Gainsborough's lost ' Duchess ' — Grinling Gibbons's Statue of
James II. — Sir John Gilbert's Drawings in the ' London
Journal ' — Miss Gunning's Portraits — Haydon's Historical
Pictures — Pictures by Sir G. Hayter — Hogarth — Holbein
Portraits — Hoppner Portraits.
PHILOLOGY and GRAMMAR.
Caimacam or Kaimakam — Camelry — Cecil, its Pronunciation
— Celtic Words in Anglo-Saxon Districts — Chaperon applied to
Males — Chic recognized by the French Academy — Chi-ike —
"Chink" of Woods — Comically — Corn-bote — Creak as a Verb
— Crowdy-mutton — Deadfold — Dewsiers — " Different than " —
Dive, Peculiar Meaning — Dude — Electrocute — English Accentu-
ation— Ey in Place-names — Fashion in Language — Fearagur-
thok, Irish Word — Felibre — Filbert — Flapper, Anglo-Indian
Slang— Irish " Flittings"— Floyd v. Lloyd— Folk or Folks—
Foulrice — Frail — Gallant, its Varying Accent — Gallimaufry —
Gambaleery — Gaol and Goal — Garage — Gavel and Shieling —
Ghetto— Ghost-words — " Good afternoon " — Doubtful Grammar
in A.V. and Prayer Book — Greek Pronunciation— Gutter-
snipe— Gwyneth — Halsh — Hattock — Help with an Infinitive —
Helpmate and Helpmeet — Henbane — Heron — High-faluting —
Hooligan — Hopeful and Sanguine — Huish — Hullabaloo —
Hurtling.
Daughter
of
Boat Sonjj ' —
PROVERBS AND QUOTATIONS.
" Cambuscan bold " — " Carnage is God's daughter n — " Chalk on
the door " — " Lug the coif " — " Comparisons are odious "
« Crow to pluck"— "Crying down credit "—" Cutting his stick"
— "Who sups with the devil" — " Down to the ground" — "Dutch
courage" — "Embarras des richesses"— "English take their
pleasures sadly" — "Enjoy bad health" — "Fall below par"
"Farewell, vain world "—" Fegges after peace"—" Fert, Fert,.
Fert," on Italian Coins—" First catch your hare " — " Flea in
the ear'' — " Forgive, blest shade" — French Sermon in Proverbs-
— Familiar French Quotations — " God works wonders now and
then "— " Gone to Jericho "— " Green grief to the Grahams"
" Grass widow "—Gratitude Defined — " Green-eyed monster "
— " Heart of grace "— " Hook it "— " Hop the twig "— " Horse-
marine."
SONGS, BALLADS, and NURSERY RIMES.
"Ask nothing more of me, sweet" — 'Bailiff's
Islington ' — ' Beggar's Petition ' — ' Canadian
'Charlie is my Darling '—' Cherry Ripe '— ' Comin' thro' the
Rye'—' Dulce Domum '— " Gentle shepherd, tell me where "—
"God bless the King! — I mean the Faith's defender" "I
dwelt in a city enchanted " — " I '11 hang my harp on a willow
tree " — " In the days when we went gipsying."
MISCELLANEOUS.
Acacia in Freemasonry— Adelaide Waistcoat— Adulation Extra-
ordinary—Old Advertisements— ^Eolian Harp, its Construction
—Albino Animals Sacrificed — Ale, Bottled, Burton, and
" Lanted "—Anagrams on Various Subjects— Apostle Spoons-
Athens, the City of the Violet Crown — Autographs, how
to keep them — Bagman, for Commercial Traveller— Bank
of England and Heberfield— First Lady Barrister— Birch-sap
Wine— Ancient Boats Discovered — Bows and Arrows last used
in War— Bread by Troy Weight— C.I. V. Nicknames— Originator
of Christmas Cards— Beginning and End of Centuries— Clerks
in Chancery— Chess Legend— Chimneys in Ancient Houses-
Introduction of Chocolate — Twenty-four-hour Clocks — Con-
vivial Clubs— Local Names for the Cowslip— Earliest Cricket
Match— Death from Fright— Dutch Fleet captured by Cavalry
—Standing Egg— Brewers' " Entire"— Earliest Envelopes-
Epigrams and Epitaphs— Farthings Rejected— Feeding- Bottles
First Used— Five o'Clock Tea— Flats in London— Flaying Alive
— Franciscans v. Freemasons— Earliest Funeral Cards Gas
and Locomotive — Gates on Commons — Genius and Large
Families— Gentleman Porter— Germination of Seeds— Slang
for Gin— Gipsy Wedding and Funeral— Golf and Pall-mail—
Goths and Huns— Guillotine— Gun Reports— Hair Powder last
Used— Hansom Cab, its Inventor— First Silk Hat in London.
Published by JOHN C. FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, E.C.
THE AT II KN.KUM N M82, Jam. 20, 1906
READY IMMEDIATELY.
MRS. BEETON'S BOOK OF
HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT.
llaltroan, 7«. C</. net ; half-calf or half-morocco, 12«. 6<2. net ; full calf or tree calf, 18*. net.
THOUSANDS OF NEW RECIPES.
NEW EDITION.
This work lias been reoomposed throughout from a special fount of new type, of size and clearness t) suit modem requirements, printed on the beet
English paper, and strongly and artistically Sound in half-leather.
Thoroughly Revised, Enlarged, and brought up to date.
Containing ovi r J.ikmi pages of Letterpress, besides hundreds of Illustrations and many Coloured Plates.
Twice the size of the old Edition, it forms a complete Guide to Cookery in all its branches, including: —
TRUSSING AND CARVING.
SICK NURSING.
THE CARE OF CHILDREN.
THE HOME DOCTOR.
THE HOME LAWYER.
As a Wedding Gift, Birthday Book, or Presentation Volume at any period of the year, Mrs. Beeton's HOUSEHOLD
MANAGEMENT is entitled to the very first place. The book will last a lifetime, and save money every day.
POPULAR FICTION.
READY SHORTLY.
A NEW NOVEL BY GUY THORNE, AUTHOR OF 'WHEN IT WAS DARK,' 'A LOST CAUSE,' &c.
WHEN IT WAS ORDAINED. By Guy Thome. 6s.
WHEN IT WAS ORDAINED. By Guy Thome. 6s.
WHEN IT WAS ORDAINED. By Guy Thorne. 6s.
Another of those great studies of social problems for which the author is famous.
DAILY DUTIES.
MISTRESS AND SERVANT.
HOSTESS AND GUEST.
MARKETING AND ACCOUNTS.
MENUS AND MENU-MAKING.
* *
#
A PRINCE IN THE GARRET. By A. C. Gunter. 6s.
HEMMING, THE ADVENTURER. By Theodore Roberts. 6s.
THE WEIGHT OF A CROWN. By Fred M. White. 6s.
THE BOOK OF THE SEASON.
AYESHA. The Return of " She." By H. Rider Haggard. 6s.
With 32 Full-Page Illustrations by MAURICE GREIFFENHAGEN.
BYSTANDER.—" One of the most weird and most thrilling stories overwritten. The reader who sets out to follow the fortunes of the seekers of
•* She' should take care that he has no important work on at the time, for he will not lay the book down until he has read it from cover to cover."
BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE GARDEN OF LIES,' &c.
TOMMY CARTERET. By Justus Miles Forman. 6s.
BIRMINGHAM POST. — " Rarely do we get a novel of such high quality and powerful dramatic interest as this.';
A MAKER OF HISTORY. By E. Phillips Oppenheim. 6s.
DAILY EXPRESS. — " Mr. Oppenheim is one of my favourites. The whole story is wonderfully plausible. I always enjoy this author, but I never
enjoyed him more than in ' A Maker of History.' "
THE PILLAR OF LIGHT. By Louis Tracy. 6s.
EVENING STANDARD. — " So admirable, so living, so breathlessly exciting a book. The magnificent realism of the lighthouse at its perils, the
intense conviction of the author, brings the very scene he pictures before the reader's eyes with hardly a line of detached description, the interest of the
terrible dilemma of the OUt-off inhabitants of the Pillar arc worthy of praise from the most jaded readers."
WARD, LOCK & CO., Limited, Salisbury Square, London, E.C.
Editorid C'uiniinini.ations 6hould be addressed to "THE EDITOR"— Advertisements ami Business Letters to "THE Fl'BLISHEK "— at the office. Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane. EC.
Published Weekly liy J ol IX v. FRANCIS and ■>. EDWARD FRANCIS at Bream's Buildings, Ohanoorj Lane, E.( ., and Printed by J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Athenasum Press, Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane E.C.
Agents for Scotland, Messrs. BELL & BKADFUTE and Mr. JOHN MENZIES lEdinburgh.-Saturday, January BO, 1906.
THE ATHEN^UM
Jmmtal of <&tt$Mt att& fomga f iterator*, SSatntt, tljt fmt $0*, ffi^m^H^mau
No. 4083.
SATURDAY, JANUARY 27, 1906.
,M>
Wtduxtz.
ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN,
ALBEMARLE STREET, PICCADILLY, W.
THURSDAY NEXT, February 1, at 5 o'clock, BENJAMIN KIDD,
-Esq., FIRST of TWO LECTURES on THE SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE FUTURE IN THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION.' Haifa-
Guinea the Course.
SATURDAY, February 3, at 3 o'clock, JOHN W. GORDON, Esq.,
FIRST of TWO LECTURES on 'ADVANCES IN MICROSCOPY.'
Haifa-Guinea.
Subscription to all the Courses in the Season, Two Guineas.
KING'S COLLEGE.
(UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.)
Prof. SPIERS will deliver, at KING'S COLLEGE, a FREE
COURSE of THREE LECTURES on 'THE METHOD OF TEACH-
ING THE PHONETIC SYMBOLS IN FRENCH CLASSES' on
alternate SATURDAYS during the Lent Term, viz., on SATURDAYS,
.February 3, 17, and March :!, at 10 a.m.
All interested in the subject are invited to attend. No Cards are
needed.
(Ssljtbittons.
CARFAX & CO., Ltd., 24, Bury Street,
St. James's. EXHIBITION of PICTURES by living Members
and Associates of the Royal Academy. Open 10 till 6 every day,
including Saturday. Admission One Shilling.
THE GRAFTON GALLERY, Grafton Street,
Bond Street, W.— ARTS and CRAFTS EXHIBITION SOCIETY
(WALTER CRANE, President). EIGHTH EXHIBITION NOW
OPEN, 10 to 6. Admission, Is.
(Educational.
T
H E
LAW
SOCIETY.
r The COUNCIL is prepared to AWARD, in JULY NEXT, TEN
SCHOLARSHIPS of the annual value of FIFTY POUNDS each,
tenable for Three Years, on condition of pursuing a course of study
approved by the Council.— Copies of the regulations at the Society's
Office, 109, Chancery Lane, W.C., or by letter to the Principal and
Director of Legal Studies. E. W. WILLIAMSON, Secretary.
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are invited to call upon or send fullv detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GABBITAS, THRING & CO.,
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. THRING, Nephew of the
late Head Master of Uppingham, 36, Sackvillc Street, London W
M
Situations Itacant
ANCHESTER EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
PUPIL-TEACHERS' COLLEGE.
APPOINTMENT OF PRINCIPAL.
In consequence of the appointment of Mr. W. E. Urwick, M. A.Oxon.,
■on the Inspectorate of the Secondary Branch of the Board of Educa-
tion, the EDUCATION COMMITTEE of the CI TV of MANCHESTER
invite applications for the PRINCIPALSHIP of the PUPIL-
TEACHERS' COLLEGE from persons of academic standing and of
sound experience in the principles and methods of Teaching.
The Salary offered is 650?. per annum.
The person appointed should be prepared to assume the duties of
the Office not later than APRIL 21, 1906.
Particulars of the duties and conditions of appointment may be
obtained from the undersigned, to whom applications, on the special
forms provided for the purpose, must be returned not later than
WEDNESDAY, January 31. Canvassing will disqualify Candidates
J. H. REYNOLDS, Director of Higher Education.
Municipal School of Technology, Sackville Street,
Manchester, January 16, 1906.
HE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD.
T
The UNIVERSITY of SHEFFIELD proposes to appoint a PRO-
FESSOR of EDUCATION.
For particulars as to duties, salary, 4c, apply to
W. M. GIBBONS. Registrar.
B
RISTOL GRAMMAR SCHOOL.
By the resignation of Mr. Robert L. Leighton, M.A., the Office of
HEAD master will become vacant at the end of the next Summer
Term, and the GOVERNING BODY will shortly proceed to elect a
HEAD MASTER.
Candidates are requested to forward their applications, accompanied
by Testimonials, to the undersigned, from whom particulars of the
tenure, duties, and emoluments of the Head Mastership may lie
procured on written application.
._ .„_ FREDERICK W. NEWTON, Clerk.
Office of the Governors. St. Steph. n's Street, Bristol.
FEL8TED SCHOOL. — The HEAD-MASTER-
snip will be VACANT at EASTER. Applicants must be
Graduate* of some University in the United Kingdom —Information
as to Salary and all other particulars may be obtained from Mi H J
cunninGton, Clerktothe Oovemors/Bralntree, Essex!
HE C II K ,M I (J A L SOCIETY.
T
The COUNCIL of the CHEMICAL SOCIETY desire to appoint an
EDITOR of the SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS, at a S ,V ,.f WW
per annum. The new Editor will t,e precluded from holding any
other paid appointment -Applications, stating Literary and Scientific
qualifications and experience, will be received until f'KP.KU \1( Y 12
by the HON. SECRETARIES. Chemical Society, Burlington House
V., from whom the conditions of the appointment may be obtained. '
WELSH INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION ACT, 1889.
THE COUNTY SCHOOL, ABERDARE,
SOUTH WALES.
WANTED for the above SCHOOL, a SCIENCE MASTER, to teach
principally Chemistry and Botany to the Upper Forms. Commencing
Salary 14.")?. per annum.
Applications, stating age and experience, with copies of recent
Testimonials, to be sent as soon as possible to the undersigned, from
whom further particulars may be obtained.
W. CHARLTON COX, M.A., Head Master.
B
RISTOL EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
FAIRFIELD SECONDARY MIXED SCHOOL.
WANTED, to commence duties with the Summer Term, APRIL 23,
1906, a FORM MISTRESS, specially qualified to teach Mathematics.
Salary 90?. per annum, rising to 110(. by increments of 5L
Forms of Application, which must be returned on or before
JANUARY 31, may be obtained by sending a stamped, addressed
foolscap envelope to the SECRETARY', Education Offices, Guildhall,
Bristol.
January 10, 1906.
"DRISTOL EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
FAIRFIELD SECONDARY DAY SCHOOL.
WANTED, to commence duties with the Summer Term, APRIL 23,
1906, an ART MISTRESS holding the Art Master's Certificate.
Salary 65?., rising by annual increments of 5?. to 100?. In calculating
the initial salary credit will be given for half length of service as a
Teacher in a similar capacity under other Managers. Fractions of a
year will be disregarded. — Applications, stating age, qualifications,
and experience, together with recent Testimonials, must be sent to
the undersigned on or before JANUARY 31, 1906.
WM. AVERY ADAMS, Secretary.
Education Offices, Guildhall, Bristol,
January 10, 1906.
pHIEF ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN WANTED
\J to take charge of the CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT of the
NORFOLK and NORWICH LIBRARY. Must be thoroughly
experienced. Application, in the Candidate's handwriting, stating
age, experience, and salary required, and accompanied by copies of not
more than three recent Testimonials, should be sent to the Librarian
by FEBRUARY 7, 1906. -JOHN QUINTON, Librarian, Norfolk and
Norwich Library, Norwich.
WANTED, to TAKE CHARGE in large
PUBLISHER'S ESTABLISHMENT, a GENTLEMAN (under
40) experienced both in Commercial and Geographical Work. — Apply,
with references and salary expected, to Box 1079, Athenaeum Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.G.
TTNIVERSITY MAN desires GENTLEMAN of
U ability as PERMANENT SECRETARY ami SUB EDITOR,
who can invest 2,000?. in Pref. Shares in Limited Company, Proprietors
of several well-known Publications. Dividends legally guaranteed.
Remuneration 400?. per annum, rising to 550Z. Balance Sheets,
Solicitors, and Bank references, and fullest investigation courted.—
Address I. Y., Box 1078, Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
ART GALLERY. — MANAGER and SALES-
-£A_ MAN WANTED. — Good address and education ; thorough
knowledge of Art Business, Exhibitions, and Publishing indispensable.
Must be energetic and reliable. Responsible position in West-End
firm of highest standing. State experience and Salary. — ART, Box 1081,
Athenceum Press, 13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lime, E.C.
Situations Tiotantro.
T ITERARY ASSISTANCE (Articles, Research,
-Li Sub-Editing, Proofs, &c.l offered Writer, Editor, or Publisher, by
well-educated, experienced JOURNALIST. Interview requested.—
AVrite F. T. S., 35, St. Anne's Hill, Wandsworth, S.W.
YOUNG LADY, trained Secretary, fluent French
and German (acquired abroad!, Shorthand, Typing, Proof
Correcting, desires SECRETARYSHIP.— Box 1080, Athenaeum Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
PRIVATE SECRETARY to the late George
Jacob llol.voake for five and a half years seeks RE-ENGAGE-
MENT in similar capacity.— Address AMY 1SAUM, 17, Marlborough
Place, Brighton.
A
N active YOUNG MAN (23) requires
SITUATION as PUBLISHER'S or BOOKSELLERS ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply good references.— Tm Box 107o, Athenaeum Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
flENTLEMAN, well read in Modern History
\T and Lit.r;, tun. is willing to UNDERTAKE RESEARCH
Work in British Museum or elsewhere on very moderate terms.—
Apply HISTORICUS, Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream's Buildings. E.C.
T ITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
_Li British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials. — A. B., Box 1062, Atnenicuiu Press, 13, Bream's Build-
ings, chancery Lane. E.C.
SEARCHES at British Museum and other
Libraries in English, French, Flemish, Dutch. German, and
Latin. Seventeen years' experience. — J. A. RANDOLPH, 128,
Alexandra Road. Wimbledon, B.W.
TRANSLATION, Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing. Encyclopaedic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Non-Resident Secretaryship, classics. French, German, Italian.
Spanish. Anglo-Saxon Special subjects : Mythology and Literature.
Varied experience. Moderate terms — Mill BKLBY, Go, Talbot Road, W.
EGYPTOLOGY. GENTLEMAN can give a
Jj FEW PERSONS lessons in ancient EGYPTIAN, at
their own residences if desired, -Address Box 1077, Athenaeum Press,
18, Bream'l Buildings, chancery Line. EC.
Yearly Stifescnption, free by post
15s. 3d. ; Tortito&^kT ;E$pre$j)$
York Post Office as Becoad^asstfatler.
A LADY offers refined, artistic HOME to GIRL
wishing to learn ENAMELLING and SILVERWORK. Daily
Tuition, and opportunity to attend Classes with Lady's Daughter (211.
Liberal terms. Highest references given and required.— Mrs. M., 12,
Albert Road, Regent's Park, N.W. __
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK and INDEXING.-Apply Miss PETHERBRIDGE (Nat.
Sci. Tripos), 5'2a, Conduit Street, Bond Street, London, W.
®irp*-Mrifcrs.
A UTHORS' MSS., M. per 1,000 words.
A SERMONS, PLAYS, ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPED at home (Remington). Good paper. Orders promptly exe-
cuted.—M. L. L., 7, Vernon Road; now known as 18, Edgeley Road,
Clapham, S.W.
A UTHORS' MSS., NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
-t\- ESSAYS TYPE-WRITTEN with complete accuracy, 94. per
1,000 words. References to well-known Writers.— M. STUART, Thirl-
bank, Roxborough Road, Harrow.
TYPE- WRITING, 9d. per 1,000 words. —PLAYS,
NOVELS, ESSAYS. &c, with promptitude and accuracy. Carbon
Copies a speciality. Highest references.— M. KING, 7. Corona Villas,
Pinner Road, Harrow.
TYPE-WRITING undertaken by highly educated
Women (Classical Tripos; Cambridge Higher Local; Modern
Languagesl. Research, Revision. Translation. Dictation Room. —
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPEWRITING AGENCY, 10, Duke Street,
Adelphi, W.C.
JVntljors' Agrnts.
-THE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
-1. The interests of Authora capably represented. Agreements for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed witli Publishers. —Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. BURGHES, 34, Paternoster Row.
NORTHERN NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE,
KENDAL, ENGLAND.
Supplies Editors withall kinds of Literary Matter, and is open to hear
from Authors concerning Manuscripts— which should be submitted by
arrangement.
(ftatalotnus.
THE INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
No. 141, containing a Special Article, entitled 'MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY and MATTER, by Prof. ALFRED W.
PORTER. Specimen Copies gratis.— WILLIAMS & NORGATE,
Book Importers. 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
A NCIENT and MODERN COINS. —Collectors
-i\_ and Antiquarians are invited to apply to SPINK & SON,
limited, for Specimen Copy (gratis) of their NUMISMATIC CIRCU-
LAR. The finest Greek. Roman, and English Coins on View and for
Sale at Moderate Prices.— SPINK & SON. Limited, Experts, Valuers,
and Cataloguers. 16, 17, and IS, Piccadilly, London, W. Established
upwards of a Century.
CATALOGUE of FRENCH BOOKS, at greatly
\J reduced prices. I. PHILOSOPHY. II. RELIGION. LIT. HIS-
TORY. IV. POETRY, DRAMA. MUSIC. V. BEAUX-ARTS. VI.
GEOGRAPHY. VII. MILITARY. VI II. FICTION. IX. GENERAL
LITERATURE.
PULAU & oo. 37, Soho Square, London, W.
HH. PEACH. 37, Bel voir Street, Leicester,
. issues CATALOGUES of MSS. and RARE BOOKS post free
to Book Collectors. No. u contains s number of Manuscripts on
\ dlum and 1 aper— Incunablee and Er.rlv lrinting— intercstins Books
prior to 1800, &c.
pATALO<;UH No. 44. -Turner's Li her Studioruin,
\J England and Wales, and other Engravings— Lucas's Mezzotints
after Constable— Etchings by Whistler. S. Palmer, ic.— Drawings by
Turner, Bnrne-.lones, Ruskin, fcc — Illustrated Books — 'Works by
Ruskin. Post free, Sixpence. — WM. WARD. 2, Church Terrace,
Richmond. Surrey.
TV
XJ BOOKS on any subject SUPPLIED. Themostexpert Bookfinder
extant. Please state wants and ask foi catalogue. 1 make a special
feature of exchanging any Saleable Books foi others selected from my
various Lists. Special List of 2,000 Books 1 particularly want post fpei
— EDW, BAKER'S Great Bookshop, u 16, John Bright street. Birming-
ham. Tortures and Torments, Plates, privately printed, 108 6d
TNCUNABULA T YPOGRAPHICA. —Now
1 ready, CATALOGUE XL 8,000 Incunabula for Sale With 290
Facsimiles of Prints. Price 8s.— JACQUES ROSENTHAL KarlSte.10,
Munich, Havana.
► OOKS. —All OUT-OF-PRINT and RARE
TNCUNABULA BIBLIOGB WHY. Now
I ready. REICHLING. Appendices ad Seinii Oopingeri i
torium Blbliographicum. Paso, l . ll . containing ■ full description
of 79*2 Incunabula unknown to both Writers, more t&an 818 (our, tions.
Price 90s.— JACQUES Rosenthal. Karl str. 10, Munich, Bavaria.
DE IMITATIONS CHRISTL — Now ready.
CATALOGUE 88. MSS . Editions. Translations in 89 different.
Languages, fee . of the Imitation of Christ splendid printing In the
French Uvres d'Heures fashion. Red and Black, with Borden Prii e
3S.-JAOQUE8 HOSENT1I VL, Karl Str. 10, Munich, Bavaria
pHINA, JAPAN, and the PHILIPPINE tSLl -
\J Now ready, CATALOGUE 89 MBS and Printed Books from the
Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Centnr\ about the above To bs had
lost free, JACQUES ROSENTHAL, Karl str. 10, Munich, Bavaria.
!U
T ii E a t ii en .1: r M
N 1083, Jan. 27, 1906
THE AUTOTYPE COMPANY,
74. m:w OXFORD BTREKT, LONDON, W I
— • —
REPRODUCTIONS IN MONOCHROME OF
FAMOUS WORKS OF ART BY THE
AUTOTYPE PERMANENT PROCESS.
/ • I : —
SELECTIONS from
The NATIONAL GALLERY, London.
The WALLACE COLLECTION.
The TATE GALLERY.
The WALKER ART GALLERY, Liverpool.
DRAWINGS by HOLBEIN from the Royal
CoUectfoo, wimUi.r Castle,
SELECTED EXAMPLES of Sacred Art
bom virions Collections,
ETCHINGS by REMBRANDT.
DRAWINGS by ALBERT DURER.
PICTURES from the LOUVRE and LUXEM-
B0T7BG, I'AKls.
Prospectuses of above Issues will be tint free on application.
Full particulars of all tJu Company's Publications
are given in
THE AUTOTYPE FINE - ART
( IATALI IGUE. N.>w ready, NEW EDITION,
with upwards of 150 Miniature Photographs of
Xi itable Autotypes and '23 Tint-Block Illustra-
tions. Tor convenience of reference the Pub-
lications are Arranged Alphabetically under
Artists" Names. Post free, One Shilling.
A Visit of Inspection is invited to
The AUTOTYPE FINE-ART GALLERY,
74, NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.
TIMES Newspaper, from 1S71 to June, 1905,
mating lfT6, FOR SALE.-T. TOON, IS, Walton Street,
Chelsea. 8 W.
XTEWKPAPERS FOR SALE.— TIMES, 1854-
JLl 1901 inn vols.; ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS. 1852-1904
102 vols.; SATURDAY REVIEW, 1865-1899, SS vols.; BELL'S LIKE,
1861-1888, 2? Mils. All Beta well and substantially bound.— Offers are
invited lor .my or all of the above l>y THE STEWARD, University
Pitt Club, Cambridge.
%ahs lirr ^.urtion.
AT THE CONDUIT STREET AUCTION' GALLERIES.
By order of the Executors of the late JOHN G. WALLER,
Esq., F.S.A.
The LIBRARY of ARCII.EoLi KiY, ART. and SCIENCE, com-
prising Arehawlogia, 1840-1904, 40 vols.— Publications of the Essex.
Surrey, London, and Middlesex Archaeological Societies— Quekett
Microscopic Club Journal, 1868-1903— Dodoens's Herbals, Antwerp,
1616, London, 1619— Florios World of Words, 1811— Montaigne's
Essayes. una— p. ,ic Natalilms's Catalogus Sanctorum, Venice,
1606— Books on Art, Armour, Old Brasses, fee— Oil Paintings-
Drawings— Engravings— Old China, Glass, and Curios, including
Specimens of Old Leeds Ware -Oriental Bowls— a Worcester Tea
Service a Chain Mai] Corselet and Coif— a Binocular Microscope
li.v ll. Crouch, with numerous Objectives— FURNITURE : a Chip-
pendale Mahogany Bookcase— a Chippendale China Cabinet— a
Pair of Carved Walnut Queen Anne chairs-old English Arm
Chair — an Ebony Italian Cabinet— Inlaid Satin-wood, Laoqn r,
and carved Oak Cabinets- a Tall-boy Chest of Drawers— and other
old English Bedroom Furniture— and Miscellaneous Effects, the
whole removed from Charlton Road. Blackheath, which will he
SOLD bj AUCTION by Messrs.
TTNIGHT, FRANK & RUTLEY, at their
wJ; v ,'":',\7' ?• Colldult *"''■'■»■ ■""! »*. Maddos Street, w„ on
\\ EDNE8DAY, January 31, at i oclook precisely.
.,""! ,'ew t».i days prior. Catalogues free of the Solicitors, Messrs
HORES, PATTI&ONA BATHDRST.58, Lincoln's Inn PieMs W.c
or of the Al( TIONEER8, at their Offices, 9, Conduit Street, W.
TV/TESSRS. CHRISTIE, M ANSON & WOODS
b?i ,^','"'l:'',,'-,,f.:i,,,J\fiv" ,"-",ir'' "'M fte3 "m >'"M ""' following
BALESbj lUCTION. at their Greal Rooms, King Street. SI Jamesl
EMluare, tie Bales i ommenclng at l o'clock precisely.—
On MONDAY, January 29, MODERN PIC-
RE8 and hi;a\\ in(,s.
TIRES
On TUESDAY, January 30, ENGRAVINGS of
BARLY ENGLISH SCH , Turner's Liber Studioram.
On FRIDAY, February % OLD ENGLISH
■RNlTCRKan.l .i!,|. ni:rssi:i,s TAPESTRY, the Property of
; Hon. Mrs RKEFFINOTON BMYTB - Poroelain, Deooratlve
lectS, and V uriiilure.
FUR
the
Object
On SATURDAY, Februan ::, MODERN pic-
tures and drawings, the Probity of a tk-ntleman and others.
[ P I: 1/ /; l:r i:i:il.l.,
i and a Portion q/ths 1 Bon. M
/' i i
MRF SOI HEBY, WILKINSON I BODGE
Mill M I I. I v ll'CTKl Wellington
sir. .t -ii mil \\ i on MOND> . ml T»n K..1
I it I ofl.Kk prccl.ch RooKHun.l M ANl'KCItlPTH. inch
l'ortl. L1IIHAKY ol H.. l.,i. It. i .-.Ii. I
.--t..k.-. comprising Mn ImhUld « llrltl.h Tl
Val| 1 Itll Kll/.tln I I, .1
I ooki relatiiu to the East Poema bj J. I;
■ ■ii Copy, v»nd an [nMTiptioii Punch, 104
i-li 'M ; lie I K. M. It. HURKKLl 1 old by
Ordi i ■■< Hi. I ■ ., i [IritUh Itll
the Writings oj Dickens and Tin. k. Novels,
« ..is- on Natural Histoi ■■ and ' ludlng
Gould
Extra lllusti i ON, 1
ContaJllillg ■' "lit and l Ii n. and the
\\..ik- .a Marlowe, Peel. 11 id die ton, and other Earl) l)i
Literatun Freeman's Norman Conquest. 6 roll
? »ol« I'M -. .ii - Works. 12 vols.- Bankc's England, l vol
rd Works, to ; Portion of th< LIBRARY of the Hon Mr.
Justice DAY, deceased Iremoved from Beaufort House, oo Kcrryl,
Scotl - Novels, " Ablwtsford Edition "—the Bibliographical
Writings ..i t F. Dlbdtn Barb Printed Books— Milton's Paradise
1 i in-i Edition Theology, Biography, to ; othci PROPE1
Including Shakespeari - Worki Fourth Folio Lepsius'i Denkmaeler,
12 vols. Sander's Reiohenbachia, I vols. Early Trad
May be \ i.u.-.l OatalogueS ma\ I..- had.
THE TRUMAN COLLECTIOXS.
Ths valuable Library of the late EDWIN TRUMAN,
Esq., M.R.C.S.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON ft EODGE
will SELL by AUCTION by order "f the Executors . al theii
lions.-. No. v.\. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. on TUESDAY,
February IS. and Three Following I >.<■. - al i o'clock precisely, the
valuable LIBRARY of the late EDWIN TRUM IN, Esq., M I: i -
.May in- riawed two days prior. Oatalognes msj be had.
Autograph Letters and Signed Documents relating to
Napoleon Buonaparte and hie Family, the Property oj the
late Mr. FREDERIC BARKER
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will -HI. I, by AUCTION, at their House, No. 13, Wellington
Street, strand. W.C. on MONDAY. February 19, at 1 o'clock precisely,
AUTOGRAPH LETTERS and SIGNED DOCUMENTS, mostly
relating to Napoleon Buonaparte and his Family, French Generals,
ftc, the Property, of the late Mr. FREDERICK BARKER.
May lie viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
]'aluable Miscellaneous Books, including Honks from the Col-
lection of the late Sir ROBERT SMIRRE (the Property of
n Lady), Portion of the Library of the late JOSEPH
QWILTjOnd the Library of the lute WALTER C. MET-
CALFE, Es<j. (by order of lite Exeoitor).
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. Mill SELL by
\l CTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancery Lt W.C, on
WEDNESDAY, January 31, and Two FoUowing Days, valuable
MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, comprising Genealogical, Topographical,
and Architectural Works, Including Eraser's Family of Elphinstone,
2 vols., and Papworth and Morants Dictionary of Arms— Gould's
Family of Trogons— Reichenhach's Icones Flonc Germanica\ Coloured
Plates. 22 M.ls, and other Natural History Rooks — Astronomical
Society's .Monthly Notices. 21 vols.. 1827-60— Pitt-Riveras Archaeo-
logical Works, S vols. — Ruskin's Modern Painters. Complete Edition,
Large Paper, K vols- Mrs. Frankaus John Raphael Smith, with the
Portfolio of Engravings— a Set of the Studio to 1H02, and other Modern
Fine-Art and Illustrated Books— Burton's Arabian Nights, with
Letihfoids illustrations, 12 vols, in morocco case— handsome Sets of
Scott, Dickens, Lytton, and others, in calf and morocco bindings-
Shelley's Copy Of Seneca, presented to him by Clara Clainnont. with
the Poet's Autograph— Walpole's Letters, the New Edition, Large-
Paper Copy, lii vols. — Rooks with Coloured Plates— First Editions of
Dickens. Thackeray. Swinburne, Stevenson, and others— Encyclopedia
Rritannica. Tenth Edition, 36 vols, half-morocco — a Collection of
Early Armorial, Jacobean, and Chippendale Book-Plates (Ex-Libris)
formed l.v JOSEPH GWILT: also BOOKS from the COLLECTION
of the late Sir ROBERT SMIKKE, removed from Canterbury, the
Property of a LADY.
To be Viewed and Catalogues had.
Valuable Miscellaneous Books.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancery Lane, W.C. on
WEDNESDAY, Februarys and Following Days, valuable MISCEL-
LANEOUS rooks, including Orme's Military Anecdotes, half-
morocco, uncut— Combe's Life of Wellington, and other Rooks with
Coloured Plates— Strutts Dress and Habits of the People of England,
Sc :: \ols. Coloured Copies — Malton's View of Dublin, and other
Topographical Rooks— First Editions of Modern Authors— Standard
Works in Ueneral Literature. 4c.
Catalogues are preparing
Highly interesting Sale of (he Antiquarian and Artistic
Property of the late J. H. WURTZBURG, Esq., J.P.,
to be removed from Frens, Ben Rhydding, to the East
Parotic Auction Rooms, Leeds, for oonvenience of Sale
(b>/ order of his Executors).
MESSRS. HEPPER & SONS beg to announce
their instructions to SELL by Al'CTloN. on WEDNESD \Y
and THURSDAY NEXT, Januarys] and February 1, commencing each
day at ll o'clock, the very varied and raluahle ANTIQUARIAN
and artistic PROPERTY collected by the deceased, amongst
which will be found :—
Ii4 SEPIA DRAWINGS, principally of OLD LEEDS, l.y W.
Braithwaite.
28 oil. PAINTINGS and 23 WATER-coLorR DRAWINGS, pre-
senting examples by W. Gilbert Foster, I. N. Carter, Lester Sutchffe,
J.i snt clitt'c. w. s. Webb, E. c. Booth, Gilbert S. Wright, P. Wouvermans,
E. T. Jones, 4c.
Ovar 600 Framed and Unframed old ENGRAVINGS, principally
relating to Yorkshire, and including Castles. Abbeys, Cathedrals.
Churches, Towns, Mansions. Portraits. 4c.
A number of Original PENand-INK and PENCIL SKETCHES, and
other Curios. Pictures, Modem Engravings and Etchings, Photo-
graphs, I'hologravurcs, fee
rii. moioi portion of the LIBRARY of books, amongst
which will lie found Hoinesday I'.inik, I vols.— Thoresbys Leeds. 1715—
Whitaker's Leeds. 2 vols. — Whitaker S Whallcy — Drake s York a large
number of Yorkshire Topographical Works interesting Books
relating to Leeds Thoresby Society Publications Royal Historical
Society Transactions Yorkshire Archaeological, Camden Society, and
other Antiquarian Works many old and Curious Rooks and
Pamphlets Che Encyclopaadia Britannica, Ninth Edition, wiili die
new 'Times' additional volumes 1361 an Original Edition of Oliver
Twist. Educational and statistical Works, and General Literature.
A large number of AUTOGB aim is, including those of Queens Anne
and Victoria, Qeorge ill . Napoleon Buonaparte, Frederick the
Great, l.onisXIll and XIV. of France. Dean Swift. Cardinal Wise-
man, and Rev. Joseph Priestley— Old Deads, French and German
Letters. Newspapers, and other interesting MSS. and Printed Matter
A COLLECTION of GOLD, SILVER, and COPPER COINS
TOKENS, and WAR and COMMEMORATION MEDALS.
A small quantity of old CHINA and BRONZES, WTIoi R
BRASS GOODS, TROPHY of ARMS. y.ULU and othei WEAPONS,
and a QUEEN S CHOCOLATE BOX
Catalogues lad each) may be had of (he AUCTIONEERS
Parade. I, Is. and the Property will be arranged for view on TUES-
DAY NEXT, the 80th inst.. from Hi to 4 o'clock.
Vakta ' ii ;/.' pull M
Ml: .1 ' SI I. VIA- W1il Oil l
KlttDAl I
i - A Nai) Pal
ill. -
/ / Phot liic
Appai ■
IlilhA ) ■ .rk.
Ml:. .1. C. 81 EVENS will OF] I l: »( hk
R.miiiin > K: ' ■ ■'.' I W I
OlTII \l. I VN'l 1 IN- hi : -I.I J.i -
and I
on (i.w day pnoi | tei 8. and morning
application.
rapt) Ap|«niUis
.1 Astronomical
stl Al'paiulus—
■ -i ilsjsjBjgf ..n
' pidopterm.
MONDA )'. / ■ half past U duck.
MP. J. C. STKVENS will OFFER, at ;
- K ■ -! . El'.AL
i ol.I.Ei TIONSol BRITISH and EX<lTI< LEPIDOPI ERA. including
nnedbytbelateA BEAUMON1 I- I I - ..ompruingiuany
rare \ ai i.-tio. in go<«l condition.
■ on.
' rttc.
MP. J. C. STEVENS'S NEXT SAL]
| l BIOS will take place on TUESDAY. February 6. snd will
include Dory Carvings, Bronx* - Enamels, 4c. from < bins and Japan
— Mandarins Fur-lined and other R
Aim*, and Curios various from the Congo— New /
Bronzes from India — Victorian. N'.-lson. and otl Native
Weapons and Curios of every description from all ]«rts.
on \ icw day prior 10 to 4 and momiiu- talogues OB
application, from Mr. J. C. >TE\ ENS, 38, K; ...rden.
London, w.c.
DUBLIN.
VALUABLE COLLECTION of JEWELS, OLD
V SILVER PLATE, including an almost unique William and
Mary Toilet Ser\i.. - -Nice of ;t dozen Plates,
11 shaped Dishes, snd Set ot Entree D - Pistol Handle
Table Knives, several Salvers and Waiters, Tea Urn of fine form.
Silver (iilt I ii Beta, Pair of lofty Flagons, ic— fine old Sheffield
Plated Ware— Two Lirpe Panels of old French '. : ucher
Subjecte) — an exipiisite Enamel Miniature of Francis I.,
Emperor of Austria. Father of Marie Antoinette, by Ronquct— (>il
Paintings — Engraving raluahle Collection of Gold. Silver, and
Bronze Medals and Coins— Musical Instruments, including Violins by
Guarnerins. Fechler, and othen — Violas— Violoncello by liautmann.
&c. To be sold by Auction at the Sale Rooms, 6, Upper orniond
Quay, on THURSDAY. February 1. loofi. the a' lc Pro-
perty la portion hy direction of FI.oRl'.Ni E. VIS SS MA8-
SEREENE ami FERRARD, and the remainder removed from a Man-
sion in the < ountv Louth). Catalogues will he ready for distribution
one week preceding Sale. — BENNETT i Son. Auctioneers. 6. Upper
Ormond Quay.
s
D
S
ft
0.
THE EXTINCTION OF THE ANCIENT HIER-
ARCHY. An Account of the Death in Prison of thi
Bishops honoured at Rome amongst the Martyrs of the Elizabethan
Persecution : Archbishop Heath, of Vol k. Bishoi*Tunsiall, Bonner,
and Companions. By the Rev. <;. E PHILLIPS. With 10 Full-
Page Illustrations. Demy Bvo, price in*. Sot net.
"A serious eontrihution to historical knowledge, and one that is of
the most extraordinary interest to English Catholics."— Mist
STUDIES FROM COURT AND CLOISTER.
Being Essays, Historical and Literary, treating mainly of sol
connected with the sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. By
.1. M. STONE. Author of 'Mary 1 . Queen of England, 4c With
s Full-Page Illustrations. Demy Bvo, price ii<. •£ nab
LONDON, B*. BEDFORD STREET. STRAND; and Edinburgh.
MOZART ANNIVERSARY.
T E. CORNISH, Limited,
vj . HAVE FOR SALE
AN ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT
Ry MOZART.
Pianoforte Concerto in B flat BBS K\ original full score, has the
follow ins- inscription, also in Mozart's own handwriting : "N 8 Concerto
di Cembalo del Sgr. Oav. Amadeo Mozart Del gennaro 1..0 a Salit.urg."
lt is a small oblong score. Isautifnlly written and in gooil
preservation 180 ps
idlers and Stationers. 16, St. Ann's Square. Manchester.
EBENEZER P R O U T ' S WORK S.
Bound, each net. 5s.
HARMONY: its Theory and Practice. Nineteenth Impr- -
Revised and largely Rewritten.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE EXERCISES in the Same. Net S*.
COUNTERPOINT: Strict and Free.
DOUBLE COUNTERPOINT AN1> I ANON.
FUGUE.
UH. \l. \N M.YSIS.
MUSICAL FORM
APPLIED FORMS.
Tin 0R( HESTRA. 2 vols.
AUOENER, Ltd., 6, New Burlington Stnvt. and 22, Newgate Street.
THF. VEIL OF TRUTH. Now ready. By
Ul'sil.oN A new Biblical Review hy a New Writer, who
treats the sul.ie.t ma masterly manner, calculated to help Students
to arrive at the Truth of Revelation. s,o. paper OOVta, Is. net.
London: tiEnRi.E RoUTI.ETH.E A SONS. Lihitkd.
T BE BUB DEB i founded 1S42). Githerine Street,
London, W i . .1 AM A R Y 27. contains:- . - . ■
Mud, nls Designs at the Institute ot Architects; An Eminent
Berlin Architect: Royal Academy Lectures; Metal work (Institute
of \rcbitcts. The Consideration of Sculpture by Architects (Archi-
tectural Association): Illustrations of the Wertbeim Warehonse,
Berlin- The Palazzo Pubblioo, Siena; Houses, Nos. IS, Harley Street,
and S3. Cavendish Sipiare ; Design for » Pair of Laliourers CotUges.
4c— Front Otlofl «s aliove i4d. ; by pott, 4jd.'; or through any
n nt.
N°4083, Jan. 27, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
95
MUDIES LIBRARY.
POUNDED 1842.
For the CIRCULATION and SALE of the BEST BOOKS
in ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, RUSSIAN, ITALIAN,
SPANISH, DUTCH, and SCANDINAVIAN.
The Collection comprises the Best Standard
Works published during the past Sixty Years.
TERMS PER ANNUM.
£3 3 0
£2 2 0
O Volumes in the Country ; or,
6 Volumes Delivered free in LONDON
and Nearer Suburbs
^t Volumes in the Country ; or,
3 Volumes Delivered free in LONDON
and Nearer Suburbs
1 Volume, Exchanged Daily at the \ Oj 1 c\
Library Counter /*'•*■ *• "
1_ Volume (for Books of Past Seasons) } IPS. OQ.
Half- Yearly, Quarterly, and Monthly
Subscriptions can also be entered.
SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT has been made with
MESSRS. PICKFORD for the exchange of Library Books
TO and FROM Subscribers' Houses for 3d. per DOUBLE
JOURNEY.
PARCEL POST DEPARTMENT for SUBSCRIBERS
residing at a DISTANCE from any RAILWAY STATION.
Terms on application.
ALL BOOKS are offered SECOND-HAND as soon as the
demand in the LIBRARY will permit. List free on appli-
cation.
MUDIE'S SELECT LIBEARY, Limited,
30-34, NEW OXFORD STREET, W.C.
241, BROMPTON ROAD, S.W.
48, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.
REVIEW OF THEOLOGY
AND PHILOSOPHY.
Edited by Prof. ALLAN MENZIES, D.D.
FEBRUARY.
Reviews.
WESTCOTT. -HISTORY of the ENGLISH BIBLE. Prof.
Marcus Dods.
OTTLEY. - RELIGION of ISRAEL. Prof. A. R. S.
Kennedy.
HARNACK.-EXPANSION of CHRISTIANITY. Prof.
Vernon Bartlett.
ZAHN.— BREAD and SALT from the WORD of GOD.
Rev. A. W. Fergusson.
THEODORE of STUDIUM : his Life and Times. Rev.
Win. Metcalfe.
MARGOLIOUTH. - MOHAMMED and the RISE of
ISLAM. Rev. Richard Bell.
GREEN. -JOHN WESLEY. Rev. David S. Cairns.
NOORT.-TRACTATUS de SACRAMENTIS. Prof. H. R.
MacKintosh.
FERRIES.— GROWTH of CHRISTIAN FAITH. Rev.
John Dickie.
KING.— RATIONAL LIVING. Rev. Wm. J. Ferrar.
WAGGETT.- SCIENTIFIC TEMPER in RELIGION.
Prof. MarCUa Dods.
SIR OLIVER LODGE.— LIFE and MATTER, A. S.
Morios, Ks(|.
BRUCE.-S(>( I \r, A slM'.CTSof CHRISTIANMORALITY.
Helen Bosanquet.
MAYER.— CHRISTKNTUM und KULTUR. Prof. J. G.
Tasker.
HIER. - GEDANKEN iiber CHRISTL. RELIGION.
Prof. .r. (J. T.isker.
PLATZHOFF-LEJEUNE.— RELIGION gegen THld
LOGIE. Prof. .1. <;. Tasker.
SHIELDS.— PHILOSOPHIC ULTIMA. Prof. Robert Flint.
PAUL.-LIFK of FHOUDK. I'rof. Win. Knight.
IMPORTANT ARTICLES in MAGAZINES.
BIBLIOGRAPHr.
Single Numbers, u r-/. post free.
Yearly Subscription, l:is. post free.
OTTO SCHTJLZE & CO.
20, South Frederick Street, Edinburgh.
HARPER'S
For FEBRUARY, now ready.
ISLANDS OF DOOM.
Portugal's Existing Slave Trade.
By H. W. NEVINSON.
Illustrated.
MARGARET DELAND'S
New Novel, "THE AWAKENING."
Illustrated.
WHAT IS A COMET P
By Prof. W. H. PICKERING. Illustrated.
EDWIN A. ABBEY, R.A.
Illustrations to Shakespeare's JULIUS CJESAR.
Comments on the Tragedy by
HAROLD HODGE.
MARY E. WILKINS'S
New Novel, "THE UNDERLINGS."
Illustrated.
THE EGYPTIANS IN SINAI.
Recent Discoveries by Prof. W. M. F. Petrie.
Illustrated.
HARPER & BROTHERS,
45, Albemarle Street, London, W.
NEW AND ENLARGED SERIES.
(Thirty-second Year.)
FEBRUARY Number, price Is. net.
THE EXPOSITOR.
Edited by the
Rev. W. ROBERTSON NICOLL, M.A. LL.D.
CONTEXTS.
1. Jeremiah's Jerusalem.
By the Rev. Prof. G. A. SMITH, D.D. LL.D.
2. The Son of Man as the Light of the
World.
By the Rev. ARTHUR CARR, M.A., formerly
Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford.
3. The Amorite Calendar.
By the Rev. C. H. W. JOHNS, M.A., Queen's
College, Cambridge.
4. Notes from the Lecture - Room of
Epictetus.
By the Rev. EDWIN A. ABBOTT, M.A. D.D.
5. The Scribes of the Nazarenes.
By .T. H. A. HART, M.A., Fellow of St. John's
College, Cambridge.
6. The Prayer of Perfection.
T!y the Rev. DAVID M. McINTVRE, M.A.,
Glasgow.
7. Paul's Doctrine of the Transforma-
tion of Experience.
By the Rev. H. W. CLARK, M.A.
8. "The Just shall live by Faith."
By the. Right Rev. G. A. CHADWIOK", D.D.,
Bishop of Dairy and Raphoe.
9. Notes on Recent New Testament
Study.
Bj the Rev. JAMES MOFFATT, D.D., Dundonald,
N.B.
London :
HODDKR & STOUGHTON, 27, Paternoster Row.
BEMROSE& SONS' LIST.
— ♦—
THE CLERGYMAN'S READY
REFERENCE DIARY, 1906.
Including INSURANCE COUPON for 500?. For the
Special Use of the Clergy and their Parish Workers.
Edited by the Rev. THEODORE JOHNSON. Size
6 in. by 3£ in. Cloth limp, price 3s. Gd. ; paste grain,
gilt edges, 5*. ; ditto, with pocket and tuck, or flap
and elastic band, (is. All the bindings are with round
coiners.
"The methodical clergyman must simply revel in its
pages." — Church 'Times.
READY IN A FEW DAYS.
LECTURES ON ENGLISH
CHURCH HISTORY.
By the Rev. T. ALLISON, M.A., Vice - Principal of
Wycliffe Hall, Oxford. Crown 8vo, cloth.
These Lectures cover the period prescribed by most
Bishops for Ordination Examinations. Although specially
intended for use in the Lecture Rooms of Theological
Colleges, the book may also be used by Candidates who are
studying privately.
THE WORD AND SACRAMENTS.
And other Papers illustrative of Present Questions on
Church Ministry and Worship. Bv the late Rev. T. D.
BERNARD, M.A., Prebendary ' and Chancellor of
Wells Cathedral. Crown 8vo, cloth, price 3s. 6<Z.
"The treatment is that of a man reverent in spirit, his
mind being saturated with the Word of God ; and none can
read the book without feeling that there is much to be
said for the positions advanced." — Christian.
A SACRAMENT
OF OUR REDEMPTION.
An Inquiry into the meaning of Holy Communion in the
New Testament and the Church of England. Bv the
Rev. W. II. CRIFFITH THOMAS, B.D., Principal of
Wycliffe Hall, Oxford. Crown 8vo, cloth, price 2s. 6rf.
"This excellent treatise furnishes wise guidance in days
when Evangelical Christians have need to be 'specially
jealous for Scripture Truth on the Lord's Supper.' "
London Quarterly Review.
THE SCHOOL OF FAITH.
Sermons preached in Westminster Abbey by the Right
Rev. Bishop WELLDON, D.D. Crown 8vo, cloth,
price 3s. 6(2.
The Sermons contained in this volume are twelve in
number, and deal with such subjects as the Doctrine of the
Trinity, the Resurrection, the Divinity of our Lord, and His
Virgin-Birth, as well as with the great principles of the
Christian religion, Faith, Prayer, Conversion, and Sancti-
fication.
"Sturdy, humane common sense runs through all the
discourses given here." — Pall Mall Gazette.
"We confidently place them among the choicest pulpit
productions of our day." — Lvmlun Quarterly Review.
THE HOLY COMMUNION:
Its Institution, Purpose, Privilege. Bv the Rev. A. E,
BARNES-LAWRENCE, M.A., vicar of St. Michael and
All Angels, Blackheatb Park, S.E. Crown Kinio, 240pp.
paper covers, juice 1*. net ; cloth gilt, 28. net. Postage -<l.
"This is a very precious little book. We have pleasure
in recommending it most strongly." — Record.
THE HARMONY OF THE
COLLECTS, EPISTLES,
AND GOSPELS.
Being a Devotional Exposition of the Continuous
Teaching of the Church throughout the Year. By
MELVILLE SCOTT, M.A., Vicar of Castlechurch,
Stafford. Arranged with Notes for Teachers ami
Preachers, taken largely from Writings of the late Von.
Archdeacon SCOTT. Crown 8vo, cloth, (nice lis. (W.
"One of the best aids to instruction in Church doctrine
that we have come across for a long time."
Scottish Guardian.
THE HARMONY OF
THE PROPER PSALMS
t'oi' the Pasts and festivals of the Church Year. A
Devotional Exposition by the Rev. MELVILLE SCOTT,
M.A., Vicar of ( 'astlecliurcb, Stafford. Crown Svo,
cloth, price 2s, t><'.
"The laity and Sunday-school teachers would find their
money well spent over a work which the reviewer Was so
much interested with that he could not i>ut it down until
he had got half-way through it." Church Family .Xnrspaper.
COLLECTS (Selected).
Containing one Collect for each day of the Month,
Morning and Evening Prayers, and Ton Additional
( oiiocts. L6mo, ii4 pp., stitf paper cover, price <»?. net.
" A pretty little series of devotions." 1,'imnli'iiii.
"Should be Welcome for private use by many Churchmen.''
ftecord.
Complete Catalogue will he sent on application.
For Continuation of Magazines see p. 118.
London: BEMROSE & SONS, LomxD,
4, Snow Hill, E.C. : ami Derby.
96
Til E A Til EN2EUM
N 1083, Jan. 27, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S HURST & BLACKETTS T. FISHER UNWIN'S
NEW BOOKS.
SOW HEADY
LORD RANDOLPH
CHURCHILL.
11V
WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL, M.P.
With Portrait!
In
lis. ilnn\ smi, 36*. net.
ESSAYS ON SOME THEOLOGICAL
QUESTIONS OF THE DAY.
liv Members of the Unirersit; of ( 'arnhritlge. Kilited by
ll'KNKV BABCLAY BWETE, D.D., Begins Professor of
Dirinity. Bro, 12k net
GUARDIAN.— "The volume i> cue which must engage
the Attention of all who are interested in theological specu-
lation in English-speaking countries."
THE RELIGION OF NUMA,
Anil other Essays "ii the BeligiOD "f Ancient Rome. J5v
.1 1 SSIB BEN EDICT CARTER. Crown Svo, 3*-. 6rf. net.
THE CHURCH OF CHRIST:
Its Life anil Work. An Attempt to trace the Work of the
church in aome of its Departments from the Earliest Times
to the Present Day. By A. II. CHABTEBIS, D.D. LL.D.
Crown s\o. ft*.
OUTLOOK. - "Eminently welcome.. ..Dr. C'harteris's
object is to trace back the various activities of the Church
to-day to their primitive beginnings, and to get some idea
of the changes that have passed over each department be-
tween then and now.... We do not know of any English
book which combines all these matters and gives them the
same historical and practical treatment."
JESUS CHRIST AND THE
CHRISTIAN CHARACTER.
By Prof. FRAN'CIS GREENWOOD PEABODY. Crown
8vo, 6*. M. net.
CHRISTIANITY AND THE
WORKING CLASSES.
Edited by GEORGE HAW. Crown 8vo, 3s. G<f. net. [Feb. 6.
~T HE~HI STORYOF AMERICAN
PAINTING.
By SAMUEL ISHAM. With 12 Full-Page Photogravures
and 121 Illustrations in the Text. Super-royal 8vo, 21*. net.
VOLS. I., II., AND III. NOW READY.
THE WRITINGS OF
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN.
Collected and Edited, with a Life and Introduction, By
ALBERT HENRY SMYTH. In 10 vols, medium 8vo,
Vols. I., II., and III., 12*. 6<f. net each.
THE CENTURY MAGAZINE.
Illustrated. Price 1«. 4d. Annual Subscription, 16s.
The FEBRUARY Number contains : —
THE PORTRAITS OF KEATS.
By WILLIAM SHARP. With 12 Portraits (1 in tint).
A DIPLOMATIC ADVENTURE.
I. A STORY.
By s. WEIR MITCHELL, Author of ' Hugh Wynne.'
Fourth Instalment of
MRS. HUMPHRY WARD'S
New Novel, FENWICK'S CAREER.
And Numerous other Stories and Articles of General Interest.
JANUARY NUMBER NOW READY.
THE
JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW.
Edited by I. ABRAHAMS and C. G. MONTEFIORE.
Price .'!*. (V. Annual Subscription, post free, 11*.
Contents for JANUARY .-— THE KARAITE LITERARY
OPPONENTS OF SAADIAII GAON IN THE TENTH
CENTUEY. By Dr. Samuel Poznanski.— THE FRANK-
FORT RABBINICAL CONFERENCE: 1845. Bv the Rev.
Dr. David Philip.xon.— BIBLICAL CRITICISM AND THE
PULPIT. 1. By the Rev. Morris Joseph. II. By C. G.
Mrmtefiore.— THE ARABIC PORTION OF THE CAIRO
GENIZAH AT CAMBRIDGE, Bv Dr. H. Hirschfeld.—
PHILO OF ALEXANDRIA. By J. U. A. Hart.— NOTES
ON OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. III. Judges x. 6—
1 Samuel viii. By Stanley A. Cook.— DR. ELIAS SABOT.
By Dr. D. Siinonseii.— CRITICAL NOTICES.— BIBLIO-
GRAPHY OF HEBRAICA AND JUDAICA. By I. A.
LIST.
A NEW AND IMPORTANT BOOK BY
MISS MEAKIN.
In 1 vol. demy Bvo, with Illustrations, price 16*. net.
RUSSIA,
Travels and Studies.
By ANNETTE M. B. MEAKIN,
Author of ' A Ribbon of Iron,' &c.
" Miss Meakin is a light, anecdotal, and pic-
turesque recorder, who tries to bring before us the
subjects of the Tsar as they live, move, and have
their being." — Daily Chronicle.
"The book gives a most interesting account of
the success of German subjects of the Tsar settled
in Russia proper among less progressive neigh-
bours."— Pall Mall Gazette.
"Miss Meakin has produced a most readable
and informative book on Russia. The Russia she
describes is the normal Russia, not the Russia of
war and revolution." — Scotsman.
MRS. ALEC TWEEDIE'S NEW WORK.
READY FEBRUARY* 15.
In 1 vol. royal 8vo, with numerous Illustrations
from photographs taken especially for this book,
a Coloured Plate, and Maps, price 21s. net.
P0RFIRI0 DIAZ,
Seven Times President of Mexico.
By MRS. ALEC TWEEDIE.
Author of ' Mexico as I saw it,' &c.
A remarkable volume about the life's history of
a man born in obscurity who has lived a wildly
exciting life as a soldier, and who played an
important part in the history of Maximilian and
Carlota, and who has now assumed the position of
perpetual President and brought his country from
chaos and revolution to peace and prosperity.
NEW NOYEL BY CARL JOUBERT.
READY JANUARY 29.
In 1 vol. crown 8vo, price 6s.
THE WHITE HAND.
By CARL JOUBERT,
Author of ' Russia as It Really Is,' ' The Fall
of Tzardom,' &c.
NEW NOYEL BY OLIYER ONIONS.
READY FEBRUARY 4.
In 1 vol. crown 8vo, price 6s.
THE DRAKESTONE.
By OLIVER ONIONS,
Author of ' The Odd Job Man,' &c.
MACMILLAN & CO., Limited, London.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
L I S T.
ARISTOTLE'S THEORY OF C0N-
DUCT. By THOMAS MAB8HALL Media
8\o, 21a net
THE FIRST ANNEXATION OF THE
TRANSVAAL. Bj W. J. LETD6, I.L.D.,
formerly Secretary to President Kruf
8vo, 21". net.
THE HISTORY OF CO-OPERATION.
Ite Literature and its Advocates. Bv '■. J.
HOLYOAKK, Author of ' Bygones " Worth
Remembering,' &c. Illustrated. 2 vols, demy
8vo, 2 1«. net.
SPORT AND TRAVEL; Abyssinia
and British East Africa. Bv LORD HIND-
LIP, F.R.K.S. F.Z.S. With Maps and more
than 70 Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 21 «. net.
RECREATIONS OF A NATURALIST.
By J. E. HARTINfi, Author of 'Handbook
of British Birds,' ' Extinct British Animals,'
' Rambles in Search of Shells,' &c. With
numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 15«. net.
HAECKEL: his Life and Work.
By WILHELM BOLSCHE. With an Intro-
duction and a Supplementarv Chapter bv the
Translator, JOSEPH McCABE. With a
Coloured Frontispiece and 12 other Illus-
trations. Demy 8vo, 15*. net.
SIR HENRY IRVING. A Biography.
By PERCY* FITZGERALD, Author of ' Life
of David Garrick,' ' Life of Sterne,' &c. With
a Photogravure Frontispiece and 35 other
Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 10*. Qd. net.
THE CITY: the Hope of Democracy.
By FREDERIC C. HOWE. Demy 8vo,
7*. 6d. net.
OUR SCHOOL OUT-OF-DOORS. A
Nature Book for Y'oung People. Bv the Hon.
M. CORDELIA LEIGH, Author of ' Simple
Lessons from Nature,' &c. Illustrated. Crown
Svo, 2s.
THE FEBRUARY [&. 6tf. net,]
INDEPENDENT REVIEW.
NOTES ON CURRENT EVENTS.
THE REVOLUTION OF THE TWENTIETH
CENTURY. By W. T. Stead.
• QUO VADIS.' By G. Lowes Dickinson.
SIR THOMAS BROWNE. By G. L. Strachey.
WORKMEN'S HOMES IN LONDON AND
MANCHESTER. By R. C. K. Ensor.
MAETERLINCK AS MORALIST. Bv Algar
Thorold.
DEER FORESTS IN THE HIGHLANDS. By
W. C. Mackenzie.
FLOWERS AND THE GREEK GODS. By
Alice LindselL
LEONIDAS ANDREIEFF. By Simeon Linden.
FROM THE SECOND TO THE THIRD
REFORM BILL. Bv Graham Wallas.
T. FISHER UNWIN, 1, Adelphi Terrace, Strand.
N° 4083, Jan. 27, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
97
SATURDAY, JANUARY 27, 1906.
99
100
102
102
103
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Recent Italian Literature 97
Cambridge Theological Essays
New Editions of Blake's Poetry
Aids to the Old Testament
The Psalms
The New Testament
Our Library Table (The German Official View of
the War in South Africa ; Main Currents in Nine-
teenth-Century Literature ; In our Convent Days ;
The Life of Adeline Sergeant ; What is Truth? The
Green Sphinx ; Creatures of the Night ; Lyrics of
the Restoration ; The Marriage of Heaven and .ff3
Hell ; Lodge's Peerage and other Year- Books ; The
Library) 103—105
List of New Books 100
George Jacob Holyoake ; Thomas Gray in Peter-
house ; The Fire of Rome and the Christians ;
'A Curious Dance round a Curious Tree';
Froude's 'Nemesis of Faith' .. .. 106— 109
Literary Gossip 109
Science — Lord Avebury on British Flowering
Plants; Societies; Meetings Next Week;
Gossip 110-112
Fine Arts— Millet Drawings at the Leicester
Galleries ; The Rokeby Velasquez ; The
British School at Rome ; The Turners at
the "Old Masters"; Proposed Glass Ex-
hibition ; An Unidentified Picture ; Sales ;
Gossip 112—114
Music— London Symphony Concert ; Gossip ; Per-
formances Next Week 114—115
Drama — The Superior Miss Pellender ; The
Partik'ler Pet ; Brother Officers ; French
Plays; Liselott ; Gossip 115—116
Index to Advertisers 116
LITERATURE
ITALIAN LITERATURE.
The appraisal of literature, in face of
such a deluge of books, is a most difficult
problem for the student and the librarian.
Even more serious will it become in the
future, when, owing to the increase of
international points of contact, every
student is obliged to know everything
that is printed and published throughout
the world ; because certain nations and
certain peoples that as regards know-
ledge are now, as Carlyle said, dumb
giants, will make their voices heard in
that future concert which will, I fear,
much"resemble the Tower of Babel.
In Italy the great reviews have abolished
the bibliographic bulletin, which, however,
served as a guide to those who could not
see everything for themselves. The pub-
lishing houses send to the complaisant
journals anticipatory critiques, all nicely
printed, of books "just out " ; and with
us also the reader does not know whom
to believe, and thinks twice before buying
a book, and then does not do so at all, or,
if he has a particular desire to read
it, waits to borrow it from a friend.
Twenty-five years ago, when we had a
true literary activity, there were journals
like the Fanjulla della Domenica, like the
Preludio, that exercised a real literary
dictatorship. The lashes of the Fanfulla
delta Domenica will remain classic. Now-
adays there is less need of these exemplary
punishments, because the quality of pro-
duction has somewhat improved, and there
is greater respect for art and science ;
but we lack the work of any one
who conscientiously appreciates current
literature. The best judges would be
the publishers, if all had the culture and the
taste of Piero Barbera, who
the house of from the archives of his pub-
barbera lishing house has collected
curious and important mate-
rials for the history of the works published
by his father Gaspero and by himself in
the twenty-five years from 1854 to 1880.
These ' Annali Barberiani,' which have
been printed for private circulation, form
a precious document for the literary
history of the prime of the past century,
as well as a delightful and attractive work.
In reading them we take part in the
making of each book ; we see discussed
by the author and the publisher the pur-
pose, the form, and the price ; we share
in the difficult negotiations respecting the
compensation due to the author ; and
finally the sincerity of the younger
Barbera reveals the secret of the number
printed of each work and the commercial
success that it had. To tell the truth,
in looking through these ' Annali,' we
learn how few are the fortunate books,
in contrast with the many that a publisher
is obliged to print ; and of those elect the
copies printed have been only a few
thousand, apart from scholastic books,
to which the house of Barbera owed much
of its prosperity. Felice Le Monnier, of
whom Gaspero Barbera was at first the
partner and then the adventurous rival,
founded his fortune on political publica-
tions, upon that patriotic literature which
was chiefly valued because it was pro-
hibited, and it is astonishing to find
that the works of the poet Giovanni
Battista Niccolini, now forgotten, had an
enormous success. The ' Annali Bar-
beriani ' show us what a good influence
a publisher can have upon young authors.
Men like Giosue Carducci or Edmondo De
Amicis had the good fortune to receive
from the Barbera their first encourage-
ment and hard cash. To this house
the correspondence of its authors is a
source of sincere pride, since it brings
together the finest names of Italy, from
Massimo d'Azeglio and Gino Capponi to
Giovanni Prati and Giacomo Zanella,
besides the two named above ; and side
by side with these Italian names I find
those of Samuel Smiles, William Smith,
and George P. Marsh, whose scholastic
works have had a large circulation amongst
us.
But those times were not as ours
even for the publishers : there was no
rivalry, and production was limited in
comparison with demand. To-day the
contrary is the case, whilst the number
of readers does not increase in propor-
tion : newspapers, occupations, sport
and travel offer distractions from serious
and quiet reading ; so-called light lite-
rature invades the field, and good and
useful books remain modestly in hiding,
ignored by the majority. And for (his
reason I am obliged to make diligent and
minute research, and to mention as many
works as possible worthy of study, which
otherwise would pass unobserved.
This year we have a moderate harvest :
nothing very extraordinary, but a number
of important works.
Apparently the Italians are beginning
to belie their reputation of not believing
in geography, and of being
geography one of the European peoples
and travel least given to travel. Nar-
ratives of travel are begin-
ning to be well received and circulated, as
the chairs of geography are beginning to
have a special importance in university
teaching, where twenty years back they
did not exist. I shall mention various
books of travels : Enrico Catellani,' L' Es-
tremo Oriente e le sue Lotte,' an exhaustive
work on China, dealing with its various
states, its public law, its ideal and practical
life, its politics, and its relations with
Europe ; Carlo Rossetti, ' Corea e Co-
reani ' ; Salvatore Minocchi, ' Per la
Manciuria a Pechino ' ; T. Carletti, ' I
Luoghi Santi ' (Judcea), a book of thought
and feeling, with descriptions of countries
and customs, and beautiful illustrations ;
Vico Mantegazza, ' L' Altra Sponda,'
which deals with Italy and Austria on
the Adriatic, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and
Albania; Licurgo Santoni, 'Alto Egitto
e Nubia ' ; Giusseppe Caprin, ' LTstria
Nobilissima ' ; Ruffillo Perini, ' Di qua
dal Mareb ' ; and ' Le Valli di Lanzo,' a
most valuable and useful publication
issued by the Club Alpino. Lastly I
must mention a very fine ' Atlas of Africa "
in thirty-six maps, published by the
Istituto d' Arti Grafiche of Bergamo,
from original researches. To geographical
literature belongs the artistic volume
' Figure e Paesi d' Italia,' by Mario
Protesi, a romancist and novelist of re-
fined taste and polished style. Loreto
Pasqualucci, the librarian at our Foreign
Office, has compiled an ' Annual Review of
Italy as regards Exports and Imports,'
which deserves to be studied by mer-
cantile men and statisticians, on account
of the fullness and soundness of his in-
formation. Englishmen should read a
volume by Achille Tanfani, ' Nel Paese
delle Stravaganze,' which treats of London
life and of the spirit of association of the
Anglo-Saxons, and of their clubs, among
which, says the author, some are bizarre.
In theology there are very few works,
because religious problems seem little
adapted to the minds of Italians. I may
therefore, without further comment, pass
to law, in which we have numerous
some possessing singular
interest because they deal
with questions new or pecu-
liar to our country. On
Roman law studies abound : in honour
of Senator Vittorio Scialoja, one of the
luminaries of the University of Rome, on
the twenty-fifth anniversary of his teach-
ing was published a collection of mono-
graphs in two volumes with the title
' Studi di Diritto Romano, di Diritto
Moderno, e Storia del Diritto' ; Roberto
Bozzoni published at Naples a work of
his on ' Medical Men and Roman Law ' ;
and Giovanni Paochioni, an Italian pro-
fessor at Innsbruck, there printed his
'Course of Roman Law,' which in the
publications,
law
'.!>
T II E AT II KN .K I' M
\ 1083, Jan. 27, L906
first volume treat* of the constitution
and the -<>ii! es oi lam . Another notable
c--.iv mi the l,i-ii>i\ '.i li\\ i- thai <>f
Enrico Loncao, ' Stat.-. ( 'h!. • Famiglia
in Si ilia dalla ( 'adiita d< II' I m pern
Romano al Regno Nbrmanno,1 of which
the first volume has appeared, dealing
with the barbarian invasions and the
kingdom of the Goths. But perhaps of
more interest for English readers will be
other monographs on subjects of greater
actuality. A question of some political
importance lias inspired the study of
Giuseppe Francese on 'The .Juridical
Personality of the Catholic Church,'
while questions that interest other coun-
tries also are developed by Dionisio An/.i-
lotti in the volume " II Diritto Inter-
nazionale nei Giudizi Intend.' Another
book of a political character is ' The
Indemnity to Deputies,9 studied by the
Deputy Nerio Malvezzi -now that the
Socialists are opposed to the non-payment
of members compensated only by free
transit on railways and mail steamers.
We have in this section a work of great
value, due to the illustrious professor
Cesare Lombroso, on 'The Psychiatrico-
legal Report with Methods for compiling it,
and Penal Casuistry Classified Anthropo-
logically,' with the addition of a glossary
of criminal anthropology by C. Leggiardi-
Laura. Allied to this is the book of Luigi
Anfosso on ' Legislation relating to Lunatic
Asylums or to Lunatics,' a commentarv on
the law of February 14th, 1904. In Italy
these works have a particular interest.
But for foreign jurists a greater curiosity
will be the volume of Giuseppe Cesare
Pola entitled ' Commento alia Legge sulla
Condanna Condizionale,' a law similar to
the French one that bears the name of
Berenger, and that, promulgated on
June 26th, 1904, has here acquired the
name of the "law of pardon." Senator
Carlo Francesco Gabba, who is the pride
of the Ateneo of Pisa, has published a
valuable volume entitled ' Nuove Ques-
tioni di Diritto Civile.' On the law concern-
ing accidents to workmen we have two good
commentaries by Guido Bortolotto and
Arnaldo Agnelli. In 1904, besides this
law, promulgated on January 31st, which
is of great importance for what the
Americans call " industrial betterment,"
we had the law for public charity of
July 18th, the purposes of which Carlo
Schanzer and Camillo Peano have ex-
plained in an elaborate commentary. On
the legal, economic, and administrative
scope of our railways there is a good
little treatise by Filippo Tajani, entitled
' Le Strade Ferrate in Italia.'
On archaeology there is not an abundance
of publications, at least in book form. In
addition to the learned
fine arts studies of Luigi Adriano
and Milani, ' Monumenti Scelti
archaeology del R. Museo Archeologico
di Firenze,' and the collec-
tion edited by him, ' Studj e Materiali
di Archeologia e Numismatica,' which
already numbers three volumes, and the
various monographs that see the light in
the Proceedings of our academies, I may
mention a volume by V. Malfatti on ' The
Roman Ship- of the hake of Wini ; a
valuable monograph by Jacopo Gelli on
'The Siilanese vrquebus, Industry, Trade,
and Use of Firearms in Lombardy ' ; two
Btudies by Senator Lues Beltrami, the
restorer of the Castello Bforzesco of Milan.
on " Angera and its Rook ' and on ' Arona
and its Art Monuments ' ; and one by
Attilio Rossi on Santa .Maria in Vultu-
rella.' near Tivoli.
On the history of art hooks are copious
— more so than would have been expected
some years ago. But art has now become
fashionable : it is spoken of in elegant
drawing-rooms, and many gentlemen have
devoted themselves to this kind of " sport,"
which is less dangerous than others. More-
over, some excellent art critics have formed
a school, and we are to-day as far from
the vacuous generalities of the acade-
mician as from the rhetoric of the amateur.
Great strides have also been made in the
technique of illustration, so that we
find printed cheaply, with a wealth of
reproductions, solid works of an incon-
testable scholarly value. I mentioned in
my last article the Istituto di Arti Grafiche
at Bergamo and the house of Fratelli
Alinari at Florence as worthy of high
praise for the elegance of their
editions : this time I may add that both
these houses seek to maintain this pre-
eminence. Corrado Ricci, the indefatig-
able director of the Florence Galleries,
edits for the Istituto of Bergamo two
collections, one of illustrated monographs,
and the other entitled " Italia Artistica,"
which are as good as this kind of publica-
tion can be, both in substance and in form.
Many strangers who come to Italy are
surprised by the clearness of the illustra-
tions and the moderateness of the price,
and some shrewd English publisher should
acquire the right of translation. In the
first of these collections Ricci has published
a study on ' The Artistic Collections of
Ravenna,' and Ugo Monneret de Villard
a bit of his handiwork on ' Giorgione da
Castelfranco.' Ricci gives trustworthy
notices of Ravenna artists, while De Villard
offers reproductions of the works that
certainly belong to Giorgione, and ex-
pounds them with the help of documents.
In the same way Francesco Malaguzzi-
Valeri in another volume analyzes the
works, studies, and tendencies of G.
Antonio Amadeo, the active sculptor and
architect, whose name is connected with
the Carthusian monastery and the Duomo
of Pavia, the Duomo of Milan, and who
represents the characteristics of Lombard
art at its best period. Corrado Ricci,
who organized the exhibition of ancient
art held at Siena in 1904, has sought to
perpetuate the remembrance of it in his
volume ' II Palazzo Pubblico di Siena e
la Mostra d'Arte Antica Senese,' which is
one of the best illustrated of this splendid
collection. In " Italia Artistica," the
following new volumes are to be had :
' Prato e i suoi Diutorni,' by Enrico
Corradini ; ' Gubbio,' by Arduino Cola-
santi ; ' Perugia,' by R. A. Gallenga-
Stuart, a young student passionately fond
of art ; ' Vicenza,' by G. Pettina ; ' Pisa."
by Igino B. Supino ; and ' Da Comacchio
ad Argenta,' by Antonio Beltramellu
Prom Prof. I B Supino, the worthy
Director of our National Museum,
have a work of paramount importai
Arte Pisana,1 divided into tine.- parts —
architecture, sculpture, and painting. The
chapter on architecture is the newest and
most practical in tin-- conscientious p
of work. In that on sculpture Supino
speaks at length of Niccola Pisano ; that
on painting deal- with Giunta di Ciu-
dettO del Colic the first painter of
the thirteenth century who emerged
from Byzantinism, and the work of
Francesco di Traino Traini, the author
of several of the disputed ! of the
Camposanto. 1 must mention some other
hooks, worthy of note : the volume of
Vittorio Alinari. ' Eiglises et Couvents de
Florence,' richly illustrated ; that of A.
Rocca villa, ' L'Arte nel Biellese ' ; the
' Pagine d'Antica Arte Fiorentina ' of the
illustrious philosopher Alessandro Chiap-
pelli ; and vol. iv. of the ' Storia dell'
Arte ' of Adolfo Venturi.
I was able to say in 1904 that we had
a conqueror and a masterpiece. At present,
if there is no master-
poetry and piece, I have to note a new
the drama victory by Gabriele d'An-
nunzio with his drama ' La
Fiaccola sotto il Moggio,' which is terrible
in its tragedy. In comedy I have to
record ' Fiamme nelT Ombra,' by Enrico
Butti, and ' La Crisi,' by Marco Praga,
two good productions. But the best
authors are either silent or are about to
vanish from this world's scene, and the
blanks are not easily filled. In the
field of poetry no new laurels have
been gathered : D'Annunzio has not
recently published any verses ; Giovanni
Pascoli and Giovanni Marradi are pre-
paring new volumes. The most active
writer is Giulio Orsini, the grey-haired
young poet, whose sixty-five years have not
deprived him of poetic fire nor of fresh
inspiration, as is proved by his latest
volume, ' Jacovella.' A gentle lady
writer, Teresah, has offered ' Nova Lyrica,'
and from Trieste Riccardo Pitteri has
sent us his harmonious verses ' L' Olivo,'
and Signora Nella Doria Cambon her
odorous ' Petali al Vento.' Francesco
Pastonchi, who has restored recitation, or
rather the delivery of verses, to a place
of honour, has published some new ones,
as usual, very fine, in the volume * Sul
Limite dell' Ombra.1
To the " Annali Barberiani ' I need not
recur. In addition to this fine contri-
bution to the history of
bibliography modern literature I must
\nd mention the " Lexicon Typo-
pal.eographv graphicum Italia- ' of Giu-
seppe Fumagalli, which is
a valuable geographical repertory, of
service for the history of typography in
Italy. It not only completes, but also
in some parts corrects, the work of Des-
champs which forms the supplement to
the 'Manuel du Libraire ' of Brunet.
The volume of Fumagalli is embellished
with a quantity of reproductions and fac-
similes, and is of real importance to
bibliographers. It is also necessary to
N°4083, Jan. 27, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
99
record ' Un Decennio (1893-1904) di
Bibliografia Dantesca,' described and illus-
trated with some diligence by G. L. Pas-
serini and C. Mazzi ; and the ' Biblio-
grafia ragionata per servire alia Storia
di Napoleone II., Re di Roma, Duca di
Reichstadt,' of Baron Alberto Lumbroso.
Among minor bibliographies I may mention
' II Tricolore Italiano,' a bibliographical
essay by Orazio Viola ; the ' Bibliografia
Generate Parmense ' of Stefano Lottici
and Giuseppe Sitti ; the ' Dizionario
Biografico dei Parmigiani Illustri ' of
Ambrogio Pariset ; and the ' Nuovo
Annuario della Stampa Periodica d' Italia.'
In palaeography there is a solitary, but
most important work, ' I Papiri della
Collezione Fiorentina,' published by G.
Vitelli, to whom it is due that Italy has
participated in the discoveries of the
waste-papyrus baskets of Egypt.
Books of philosophy are meagre. Worthy
of note are the study of Benedetto Croce,
' Lineamenti di una Logica
philosophy come Scienza del Concetto
Puro ' ; that of A. Marucci
on ' The New Philosophy of Criminal Law';
and various special monographs, such as :
Giovanni Gentile, ' Dal Genovesi al Gal-
luppi,' a picture of the changes of thought
in the kingdom of Naples from 1750 to
1850 ; Rodolfo Mondolfo, ' Un Psicologo
Associazionista ' ; Benedetto Pergoli, ' II
Condillac in Italia ' ; and E. Santamaria,
'Le Idee Pedagogiche di Leone Tolstoi.'
Original and weighty is the study of Sante
De Sanctis, ' La Mimica del Pensiero,'
which is a development of a celebrated
book by Darwin ; and also noteworthy
are those of Luigi Valli, ' II Fondamento
Psicologico della Religione,' and Giuseppe
.Zuccante, ' Fra il Pensiero Antico e il
Moderno.'
Social problems seem to Italians more
attractive than philosophical speculations.
In this class we have various
political interesting studies, and
economy among the first are those of
Francesco Saverio Nitti, a
young and energetic Neapolitan professor
and politician He has thoroughly studied
two great problems, that of the distribu-
tion of wealth in Italy, and that of the
nationalization of hydraulic forces, and
has compiled two weighty works. The
industrial transformation of Naples, which
is in course of accomplishment, is the
fruit of the tenacious endeavours of this
powerful intellect, full of bold thought and
profound teaching. We have other books
of a financial character, such as the study
of Guido Sensini on ' The Variations of
the Economic State of Italy in the Last
Thirty Years of the Nineteenth Century,'
that of Jacopo Tivaroni on ' Direct Taxes
on Income,' and that by G. Fontana on
' The Systematic Classification of the Italian
Tributary Institution.' Other mono-
graphs, rather of an historical character,
are those of Emilio Conti on ' Funded
Property in the Past and flic Present'
and of Gino Arias, ' II Sistema della ( 'osl il u-
zione Economica e Sociale Italiana nell'
Eta dei Comuni.' A present-day subject
is treated in the monograph of Carlo ('ar-
eola on ' Industrial Syndicates ' and that
of Antonio Agresti, ' L' Internazionale
Verde,' or the International Institute of
Agriculture, proposed by David Lubin,
and initiated by the King of Italy. I may
mention as a curiosity the book of A. R.
Levi, 'Come una Nazione diventa grande,'
which, as you may imagine, treats of
your country's affairs.
Next week I shall conclude my article
with a notice of History, Belles-Lettres,
Fiction, &c. Guido Biagi.
Cambridge Theological Essays. Edited by
H. B. Swete, D.D. (Macmillan & Co.)
This volume is not destined to make a
sensation. Therein lies its value. It
will arouse neither the enthusiasm nor
the antagonism of the general public, as
did ' Lux Mundi,' ' Contentio Veritatis,'
and that almost forgotten display of fire-
works 'Essays and Reviews.' It is not the
production of a single school of thought.
The first essayist is a strongly convinced
High Churchman, but Canon J. M. Wilson
is also among the contributors. Nor is
there any unity in st3de. The noble and
dignified rhetoric of the Master of Trinity
and the brilliant epigram of Dr. Foakes-
Jackson are far removed from the dry
scholasticism of Dr. Caldecott or the
rugged baldness of Dr. Askwith. Indeed,
except in the case of the two essays
above mentioned, and perhaps those of
Mr. Bethune - Baker and the Master of
Pembroke, we fancy that the reader will
find little difficulty in avoiding the
dangers supposed by Acton to lurk in
"the charm of literary beauty and style."
Some of the essays are, we think, scarcely
intelligible except to persons of consider-
able reading in philosophy.
Yet for all this, and possibly because
of it, we fancy that, better than any of
its competitors, this volume will advance
what, in the words of its editor, is the
most important work now lying before
theology — " to assimilate the new views
of truth suggested by modern knowledge,
without sacrificing any part of the primi-
tive message." While it does not complete
this task, it sets forward some of the main
lines on which Christianity is likely to be
justified to thoughtful and cultivated men.
Even to agnostics it should be of service ;
it will help to show them what religion
means to a number of men whose work
in different lines is sufficient evidence that
faith does not mean to them the suppres-
sion of reason, but rather its conse-
cration and development ; for the various
writers, however widely divergent may
be their theological and even their
philosophical views, are at one in this,
that they are all what the French term
intellectuels.
We cannot, of course, either describe
or criticize these essays in detail. But
we may indicate those which are most im-
portant and freshest. Many —like those of
Prof. Barnes on the Old Testament, and
Mr. J. 0. F. Murray on the miracles
do little more than repeat statements and
arguments familiar already to readers of
this kind of literature. Dr. Robinson's
paper on prayer is well argued, but we do
not know that it is very original, or that
in substance it contains much more than
the early essay of G. J. Romanes on the
subject. His account of the controversy
of the seventies, and the general tone of
the discussion, are, however, illuminating.
Dr. Mason's essay on the primitive portrait
of Christ is also very freshly and pleasantly
written, and has distinct value.
But the most useful and original of the
contributions are those of Dr. Cunningham
on ' The Christian Standpoint ' ; Dr.
Foakes-Jackson on ' Christ in History ' ;
and Mr. Bethune-Baker on ' Christian
Doctrines and their Ethical Significance.'
It is these which really give the book its
importance. In the first place, all are
written in a way to be apprehended of the
people. The " general reader," if he will
not be deluded by mere rhetoric, will
certainly not be repelled by 'any techni-
calities of language or allusion, or annoyed
by any roughness of style. While Dr.
Foakes-Jackson's essay is not merely
lucidly, but brilliantly written, Dr. Cun-
ningham's is in some ways the most
original, and his discussion affords another
witness of the breadth of his mind, chiefly
known for studies of a very different
nature. The real gist of his argument
is the need of emphasizing the fact that
the religious consciousness in claiming
recognition cannot be adequately criti-
cized merely from without. Either God,
in the Christian sense, can be an object
of knowledge, or He cannot. If not, of
course the religious consciousness is a
form of delusion akin to that of persons
in a lunatic asylum, who imagine they
are daily conversing with friends who are
either dead or absent. If, however,
Christians, and indeed all believers, are
not deceived, their knowledge, though a
real knowledge, is of that kind which
intimate friends have of one another : it
depends on sympathy and mutual like-
ness ; and it can never be fully demon-
strated, or even described, to those who
are different, and it is never completed,
but ever developing : —
Man partly is, and wholly hopes to be.
Yet this knowledge of some person or
persons is not merely present, but is the
most real and active power in the life of
an immense number of men and women.
We are convinced that this analogy, the
argument from the knowledge which
springs of human love, is the only means
whereby a personal faith can be ade-
quately defended. As Creighton put it :
" The joy of lite lies in self-knowledge, and
love is the one key to that knowledge
The love of parents, the love of friends, the
love of married life, the love of Cod all are
but stops in one great process whereby one
wins oneself."
We cannot here develope this point;
only we must notice Dr. Cunningham's
essay as a distinct step forward. The
defenders of Christianity, since the seven-
teenth century at any rate, till well
into the nineteenth -have suffered from
two main defects, which have been largely
disastrous : they have allowed their oppo-
nents to choose the ground, and since the
100
THE AT II KN'jEUM
Ne4083, Jan. 27, 1006
days (if the Deists ha\e adopted an apolo-
getic tone, almosl abjeol at timet
though Christianity were t<> beg for scanty
recognition at the bands <>f rationalists.
Now, it the Christian faith be n<>t a delu-
siun. it Lb the orown and completion of
knowledge, the right course of human
development not a mere pensioner on
the bounty of science, indulged grudg-
ingly with the Lowest place at the feast
of reason. Secondly, and Largely owing to
the academic atmosphere it lias breathed,
apology is too apt to forget sin. or to
thrust it into an appendix. Sin. or at
Least its consciousness, is an awkward
fact for idealist philosophy : which finds
it very convenient to establish its system
first, and to account for evil later. We do
not say that Christian writers do this, but
we think far too many agree on the line
acceptable to persons possessed of high
ideals, to whom the grosser passions
make small appeal, and sin seems little
worse than measles. A man so austere
as Kant may be excused for a very
imperfect recognition of a fact sadly
evident to less fortunate persons. It is
a great pity that so many apologists
themselves Lived sheltered lives, and were
content, not to ignore, but to place on
the winn;s. what ought to be in the fore-
front of the battle. The question lately
raised, " Can man sin against God ? "
goes to the root of the matter ; and
everything depends on the answer. Now
Dr. Cunningham, starting from the per-
sonal basis of the religious consciousness,
puts this fact (or feeling) in its right place,
although we wish he had been followed
by a more adequate account of the Atone-
ment than that offered by Dr. Askwith.
Whatever form it eventually takes, this
doctrine of the Cross of Christ will fill
a more, not a less prominent place in the
thought of the future than it has in the
past, especially with the last two genera-
tions, which have been occupied largely
with other topics.
Mr. Bethune-Baker's essay, again, is
valuable for its insistence on two points.
The first is the absurdity of supposing
that doctrine can have no influence on
ethics, and that the rules of conduct will
remain the same, whatever be the system
of belief adopted by men. The appari-
tion in the serene firmament of philosophy
of that strange meteor Nietzsche is the
best proof of this ; and Mr. Bethune-
Baker does well to point the moral of
this intellectual comet's story — a story now
often retold by Mr. John Davidson and
others. Secondly, Mr. Bethune-Baker in-
sists on the importance of distinguishing
between Christian conduct — which is essen-
tially and in idea a life inspired by love to
a Person — and codes of ethics of all kinds.
Probably one of the least valuable results
of the influence of some forms of philosophy
upon religion has been the willingness to
identify Christian ethics with a mere code,
and so to subject them to the destructive
ciiticism of writers like Mr. G. E. Moore,
to whom codes of ethics, categorical
imperatives, and the like, are food for
mockery, much of it legitimate. Per-
sonal affections he does not mock at, but
considers a •' true good*'; and these
are I be ee tenoe of ( Ihrisl Lan et bics
although, ot course (in the oa e of a
christian), Mi Moore believee theii Object
i o be non-existent . In Mr. Bethune-Baki
iv we find the personal appeal and the
importance of Bin adequately recognized.
('anon Koakes-, Jackson's essay gOOS a
step further. It is by implication an
attempt to answer the objection that
Christianity at its best is but an episode
in the story of human life, an episode which
is fast becoming a mere survival. He
attempts to set forth the Incarnation as
the true philosophy of history. The idea
is not new, and the essay makes no claim
to add to our knowledge of facts. But
as an interpretation of them, freshly and
brightly written, and as a mingling of
genuine thought with erudition, it is in
some respects the most valuable in the
book, as it certainly is the most suggestive.
We are very glad to see that Canon Foakes-
Jackson realizes the significance of Mr.
J. M. Robertson's writing. That ex-
tremely able and bitter anti-Christian
critic has seen that, if the records be in
any way trustworthy, we are, in Canon
Jackson's words, " driven by the investi-
gation of the Human Christ to acknow-
ledge that he must be also Divine " ; and
since to Mr. Robertson the one alterna-
tive is impossible, the other is adopted
of denying the historicity of Jesus in
toto. Such is the result of the purely
rationalistic position, only very few people
have the candour or logical fearlessness of
Mr. Robertson, and consequently disguise
it from themselves.
We will conclude with a quotation
which expresses the net result of the whole
situation as here conceived : —
" How few thinking people, to take but
the simplest instances, are now able to
accept the Mosaic cosmogony as literally
true, or to acknowledge the inerrancy of
Holy Scripture in the sense which would
have satisfied our forefathers ! The question
therefore that the men of our generation
have to decide is briefly this : — Does the
surrender of these things imply the aban-
donment of Christianity ? The answer to
it seems to depend on what we consider to
be the essence of the religion of Christ. If we
consider that Christ is His own evidence
and needs not that any man bear witness
of Him, all these matters, however inter-
esting, are unessential, and then we can
survey the battle with the feelings of a
commander whose lines of communication
with an impregnable fortress and illimitable
supplies are secure. But if we regard our
Faith as a system of doctrines resting on
the authority of the past, a scheme of
salvation elaborately constructed out of
infallible Scriptures, an ecclesiastical organi-
sation fixed and unalterable since the days
of the Apostles, or a stereotyped theory
of the Universe, we are compelled to admit
that the least fragment cannot be removed
from the structure without endangering the
whole."
We have said enough to indicate that
these essays are in the best sense apologetic
— not, that is, an elaborate argument in
defence of Christianity as a defendant in
a trial, but the setting forth of a definite
view of the meaning of life and the
nature of all knowledge — a view based on
personalities and their intercourse I-
those m whom such a \hu i- already
implicit in their thought and practice the
book will serve the great end of making
i! explicit . and showing it
in the sphere of religion ; to those who
bave already rejected such a view it
can make no appeal, and may teem
merely silly. I >w1 it has the great merit
of attacking the problem in the right way,
and not attempting, like some apologies,
to prove too much, or taking, like others,
a low and pleading tone of expostulation.
The attitude of faith ought to be one of
certainty, leading to triumph — not that
of an Old Bailey barrister asking for an
acquittal, and hoping no more than that
the jury will disagree.
The Poetical Works of William Blake.
Edited by John Sampson. (Oxford,
Clarendon Press.)
The Lyrical Poems of William Blake.
Text by John Sampson. With an
Introduction by Walter Raleigh. (Same
publishers.)
Mr. Sampson's edition of Blake is a
masterpiece of editing, and Blake, of all
modern English poets, was most in need
of a good editor. The text of Blake, as
it can be read in the two most accessible
editions — Mr. W. M. Rossetti's in the
" Aldine " series, and Mr. W. B. Yeats's
in " The Muses' Library " — differs widely,
and in neither edition does it even profess
to be printed as Blake wrote it. It is
to D. G. Rossetti that we owe the recovery,
if not almost the discovery, of Blake ; it
is to Mr. Swinburne that we owe the most
generous and penetrating study of his
work that has yet been made. Yet it is
to Rossetti, and in a minor degree to Mr.
Swinburne, that we owe that adulteration
of the original text which has left it, as
Mr. Sampson truly says, " a sort of poor
palimpsest where each new owner has
overwritten his own poetry." The text
of Mr. Yeats is more faithful than that of
Mr. Rossetti, but it rearranges the mate-
rial with much freedom, omits and emends
many poems, and contains numerous
inaccuracies. " It will be seen," say&
Mr. Sampson, referring to the various
editions, " that scarcely a single poem or
even epigram has been suffered to remain
as Blake wrote it."
In this new edition the text is printed
verbatim from the manuscript, engraved,
and letterpress originals ; * Blake's final
version is uniformly adopted as the text,
while all earlier or cancelled readings are
supplied in foot-notes." All the poems
are arranged exactly as they are found,
and each group is given, as far as is
known, in chronological order. The two
main MS. sources, the Rossetti and the
Pickering MSS., are now printed for the
first time from careful and accurate tran-
scripts, made by the present owner, Mr.
W. A. White, of Brooklyn, New York,
whose generous and scrupulous labour
deserves grateful recognition from every
student of Blake. Each section has a
M° 408.3, Jan. 27, l90r)
THE ATHEN^UM
ioi
comprehensive and minute bibliographical
introduction ; the greater part of the
poems, in addition to the variorum read-
ings, have foot-notes explaining, com-
pleting, or interpreting the text, in many-
cases snowing Blake at work on his mate-
rial, stage by stage ; and there is a con-
densed, but excellent catalogue raisonne
of the Prophetic Books. Many dates are
now fixed for the first time ; a few frag-
ments are for the first time printed ;
in short, it is now possible to read the
whole of Blake's poems exactly as he
wrote them.
In an edition so nearly faultless as Mr.
Sampson's we may point out a small but
important matter which is overlooked by
him, as it is by many editors. The dates
of Blake's birth and death are nowhere
clearly stated ; the more important, the
date of his birth, is, indeed, not given at
all. So essential a point should always be
made clear, and it could not be made clearer
than in the arrangement adopted by Mr.
Waller in the " Cambridge Classics,"
where the dates of birth and death are
printed in large type opposite the title-
page. Then we would ask why, in a com-
plete edition of Blake's poems, the poems
contained in the later half of the ' Poetical
Sketches ' should " fall somewhat outside
the scope of this edition," and merely
" be supplied in an appendix," and in
smaller type, " in order that the reader
may be enabled to judge of Blake's
first volume in its entirety." In the
bibliographical preface to the ' Poetical
Sketches ' Mr. Sampson tells us that
" W. M. Rossetti places the pieces in an
order of his own, and omits the prose, with
the exception of the ' Prologue to King
John ' and ' Samson,' which he prints as
blank verse. Ellis and Yeats follow the
Aldine edition, omitting ' Samson.' "
This is true of the text in vol. iii. of Ellis
and Yeats, but Mr. Sampson overlooks
the fact that on pp. 177-82 of vol. i. both
the ' Prologue to King John ' and ' Sam-
son ' are printed in a metrical arrange-
ment made by the editors, and different
from that of Mr. Rossetti. The other
two prose pieces, omitted in the Aldine
edition, follow on pp. 183-5 " in their
natural form as prose."
On one of the pages in which Messrs.
Ellis and Yeats make the unjustifiable
statement that
" if the present version had been read aloud
to Blake within twenty-four hours of the
composition of his own piece, he would not
have known that he had not written what
is here printed,"
they add : —
" But if the best of originators, he was
the poorest of correctors, most of all in
cases where his lines may really be said to
correct themselves."
It has been the error of all Blake's
editors to think this, and to act on their
theory that Blake's lines " correct them-
selves." Mr. Sampson proves by his
edition, in which only Blake's own correc-
tions of his lines are supplied, that Blake
was as great a corrector as be was an
originator. In but one or two instances
did Blake prefer finally an obviously
inferior reading, while his improvements
are visible on almost every page to any
one who goes carefully through the
variorum readings. Here and there, of
course, are slips of grammar and jolts of
metre ; but even when these have been
rectified by the best of emendators. some-
thing— and something characteristic of
Blake — is almost invariably lost. Take,
for instance, the beautiful early lines ' To
the Evening Star,' which are written in
a form of blank verse whose very incorrect-
nesses foreshadow that later measure of
the Prophetic Books in which Blake pro-
fesses to have " produced a variety in
every line, both of cadences and number of
syllables." The germs of this later style
are clearly visible in such lines as : —
Smile on our loves, and whilst thou drawest the
Blue curtains of the sky, scatter thy silver dew
On every flower that shuts its sweet eyes
In timely sleep.
That is how they are printed, but in
Rossetti's version they read : —
whilst thou drawest round
The curtains of the sky, scatter thy dew ;
and in Mr. Swinburne's : —
while thou drawest round
The sky's blue curtains, scatter silver dew.
Both also alter " shuts " to " closes."
The two versions are extremely character-
istic— of Rossetti and of Mr. Swinburne,
whose facture of verse might almost be
divined from them ; but they have
ceased to be characteristic of the Blake of
1783, and they no longer help to explain
the Blake of 1793.
The chief instance of a poem perma-
nently spoilt by Blake, and thus necessarily
represented in Mr. Sampson's text by an
inferior reading, is the poem generally
known as ' Love's Secret,' which begins
" Never seek to tell thy love." Blake
omitted the beautiful first stanza, and
altered the lovely ending, " He took her
with a sigh," into the harsh and grotesque
" 0 ! was no deny." Mr. Sampson, of
course, gives the earlier readings in his
foot-notes, but this is an instance in which
he would have done well to print both
versions in full, as he has done in several
other not more important instances. Two
pages later there is a fine example of those
generally wise changes which are now
seen for the first time in the text : the
change of " And 'twixt earnest and joke "
to the more concrete, less didactic, cer-
tainly more imaginative " And still as a
maid," in the poem beginning
I asked a thief to steal me a peach.
On p. 198 a lovely new reading has been
recaptured in the poem called ' Morning,'
which has always been printed : —
Sweet morning leads me <>n ;
Wit li sofl repentant moan
I see the break of day.
What Blake really wrote was : —
Sweet merry leads me Oil
With sofl repentant niuan :
1 see t he break of day.
The most important of the new readings,
however, is the final text of the poem, first
called ' In 8 Myrtle Shade.' This, origin-
ally sixteen lines in Length, was altered
and cut down again and again, and these
different versions are given inaccurately
in flic edition of Mr. Yeats, who prints as
Blake's final text a version which ends
with two lines omitted by Blake. The
final version, as given by Mr. Sampson, is
reduced from sixteen to six lines, and has
attained perfection.
The pages of Mr. Sampson's edition
from 178 to 182 will repay careful study.
There we see Blake for once unable to
extricate himself from the tangle of his
own twisting, attempting again and again
to mould the substance and straighten the
form of what had never been wholly
mastered by his imagination. Not even
the five pages which give us the whole
process of gestation of what came at last
to be the masterpiece of ' The Tiger ' are
more significant in their revelation of
Blake's manner of work. In the first
version of ' The Fly,' whose " tiny metre "
seems as if it must have been twin-born
with its thought, we find Blake beginning
in a heavy metre, thus : —
Woe ! alas ! my guilty hand
Brushed across thy summer joy :
All thy gilded painted pride
Shattered, fled
The four lines called ' The Lily,' now so
placid a song of innocence, are seen in
one of the most interesting of the notes
to have been begun in exactly the opposite
mood : —
" Beginning by writing : —
The rose puts envious ....
he felt that ' envious ' did not express his
full meaning, and deleted the last three
words, writing above them ' lustful rose,'
and finishing the line with the words ' puts
forth a thorn.' He then went on —
The coward sheep a threat'ning horn ;
While the lilly white shall in love delight,
Ami the lion increase freedom and peace.
at which point he drew a line under the
poem to show it was finished. On a subse-
quent reading he deleted the last line, sub-
stituting for it —
The priest loves war, and the soldier peace,
but here, perceiving that his rime had dis-
appeared, he cancelled this line also, and
gave the poem an entirely different turn by
changing the word ' lustful ' to ' modest '
and ' coward ' to ' humble,' and completing
the quatrain (as in the engraved version)
by a fourth line simply explanatory of the
first three."
In more than one poem we find Blake,
after he had written it, realizing that,
though it was clear to his own mind, it
would be to the reader no more than a lock
without a key, and promptly supplying
the key in the form of an introductory
stanza, as in ' The Wild Flower's Song '
(p. 170). Throughout, indeed, we are
able to realize, and for the first time, the
sane and alert critical quality which
accompanied or followed Blake in what
have seemed to many his almost uncon-
scious improvisations.
In the separate edition of Blake's
'Lyrical Poems' (to which Mr. Walter
Raleigh has contributed a brilliant study
of Blake's mental attitude and a vivid
representation of that mental attitude
which responds to Blake) Mr. Sampson
prints such poems as he gives in tin1 same
text as in his larger edition, hut without
Blake's eccentricities of spelling, and to
some extent rearranged in a more generally
convenient form. It should have been
stated that this is not a complete edition
of even the lyrical poems, but that many
9
111-.'
Til E A Til i:\ .KUM
N U)d3. Sam. %t. t90d
of the fragments, and a few oomplete
poems (such as ' Long John Brown and
Little Mary Bell '». have been, ven
reasonably, omitted iti an edition prepared,
not for the student. hut for the general
lover of poetry. Aa it is. it is fuller than
either the " Aldine " or " Muses' Library "
edition, ami contains, in an absolutely
accurate text, all of Blake that can
possibly be required for general reading,
unencumbered by any of the notes that
swarm over the pagea of the larger edition,
too enticingly For mere pleasure in the
poems. That we should have two such
editions at the same time is a double
boon, for which the student and the
epicure of letters should render equal
thanks. And to some students and to
some epicures there will seem to be a
special fitness in rendering thanks for so
great a service done to Blake, " the mental
traveller" of English poetry, by one who
is already known as the best Romany
scholar in England.
AIDS TO THE OLD TESTAMENT.
Introduction to the Old Testament. By
John Edgar McFadyen. (Hodder & Stough-
ton.) — - Prof. McFadyen has written this
book not for specialists, but for theological
students, ministers, and laymen who, while
wishing to understand the modern attitude
towards the Old Testament, may be unable
to follow the details of criticism. The
purpose of the author is good, since there
are crowds of men with a religious, historical,
or literary interest in the Old Testament.
but without the knowledge even of the
shape of a letter of the Hebrew alphabet,
who seek for information to which their
ignorance should not prove a barrier. It
is obvious that an account of or introduction
to the books of the Old Testament cannot
furnish a series of undisputed conclusions of
criticism, since there is no such series ; but
while a writer sets forth his own opinions,
to which competent critics may give assent
or offer objection, he may illustrate the
general attitude of modern scholars towards
the materials with which he deals. There
is abundant evidence to prove that Prof.
McFadyen is acquainted with the works of
well-known writers ; but he does not weary
his readers by setting one scholar against
another, nor amuse them by accounts of
the petty battles of pedants, nor edify them
with reflections about the vagaries of Higher
Critics. To each book of the Old Testament
he furnishes an introduction which is written
in the free critical spirit characteristic of
modern scholarship, and written, too, with
a power to stimulate the interests of his
readers, and satisfy their just and reasonable
demands for information concerning the his-
tory and character of writings regarded by
so many as sacred Scriptures. The book
of Job, for example, receives the same kind
of literary treatment which Froude gave to
it in one of his ' Short Studies.' Of the
Song of Songs it is said that
"the true view of this perplexing book appears to
be that it is. as Herder called it, 'a suing of
pearls' an anthology <>f love or wedding songs
BUng (luring the festivities of the 'king's week,'
as the first week after the wedding is called in
Syria."
The book of Esther is described as "not a
history, but a historical novel in miniature."
" What we regretfully miss in the book,"
says Prof. McFadyen,
i trulj religious note. It it national to the
••I. ; Init. tut urn e in the Old Testament, nation
aht\ is no! wedded to a worthy conception ol God.
I hi popularity ol the Imok shows how little
the prophetic elements in Israel religion had
touched the people's heart, and how stubborn a
resistance was sure to be offered to the generous
.i\\>\ emancipating word ol Jesus."
Israel h II ' istoriml mui liioi/rn phical iVuff*
tin*. By Charles Foster Kent. (Same
publishers.) -This volume of "The Stu-
dent's old Teetamenl "' treats ol the history
of Israel as written in the hooks from Samuel
to the Maccabees. Prof. Kent attempts to
set forth the narratives in chronological
sequence, so as to make the history of Israel
more intelligible. The book is written for
the use of Bible classes; and the author
hopes that such classes will " abandon the
unsystematic and largely fruitless methods
still in vogue, and enter upon a graded,
unified course of study, which will in the
end give a complete and thorough knowledge
of the contents of both Testaments." It
would be possible to object to details of
the arrangement adopted by Dr. Kent, but
not to his plan or purpose, which is simply the
presentation of events in their logical order.
In an interesting and scholarly introduction
he deals with the origin and present literary
form of the historical and biographical
narratives, the earlier histories and bio-
graphies incorporated in Samuel and Kings,
the Chronicler's ecclesiastical history of
Judah and the Temple, the original sources
and historical value of Ezra-Nehemiah, the
records of the Maccabean age, and the
recovery of the original text of the historical
books. These subjects, suggestive of many
problems, are not made too difficult for the
ordinary intelligent reader ; but the treat-
ment of them shows him the nature of the
questions which must be considered in the
study of the Old Testament. The methods
of the Higher Criticism are followed, but
Dr. Kent does not depart from the way
of sanity or the path of soberness. In a
paragraph with the heading ' Popular Judean
David Stories ' he writes (and the words
illustrate his style of exposition) : —
" From the lips of the people also doubtless
came the variant versions of the more important
incidents in David's early life, as. for example, his
contest with Goliath A comparison shows that
they are clearly duplicates of the corresponding
early Judean narratives, but here the stories are
told with slight variations; details and names
are usually forgotten, the colouring is heightened,
and the language illustrates the effects of their
having been retold from generation to generation.
The same love and admiration for David are
revealed, only he has been so completely idealized
that his faults and sins have keen forgotten."
The book, with the introduction and the
notes to the English text of the narratives,
should be of value to those who study the
Old Testament as the history of a nation
or race, and as the record of the progress
of a religion.
Man's Estate. By F. E. Coggin. (John
Murray.) — This book is an interpretation
of Genesis ii. 4-iv. 26, and has nothing to
do with questions of Higher Criticism. Mr.
Coggin may be congratulated on providing
a Bible study refreshingly free from state-
ments of the historical origins of narratives,
from detections of the literary work of this
or that hand, and from attempts to reconcile
science and revelation. He is, of course,
not ignorant of what modern learning has
done with the passage from Genesis which
he interprets; and, while admitting that
tin- passage has lost several meanings it
had acquired in the course of centuries, he
seeks to find what meaning abides. " It
appears to me," ho says,
" that what we find 111 I
in n bt oompared with the work 01 an artist who,
wit). ioi nothing but tie beauty and im-
1 .1 land faithful in bis
drawing and colouring that a botanist m geoli
with wh il knowledge the artist bs
acquaintance, is 10 touched bj i.
that the man oi science opens hi the
artist's beautiful vision Notwithstanding the
long lapse ol time since these writ,
finished, they seem to have kepi ■■ im-
bo awaken this laal generation to their
solemn and inspiring n
The story ifl treated as a parable, but
should the reader take it as history he will
imt find himself at variance with .Mr. Coggin
as an interpreter. Among the subji
cussed, with special reference to the narrative,
are Providence, good and evil, marriage,
male and female, wages of sin, death, and
the carnal mind, in the discussions (and
this Ls an admirable feature of the book)
there are constant references to modern
thinkers. Browning is often quoted ; and
Emerson, Carlyle, Buskin, Lecky, and other
teachers are brought to our help. The notes,
too, testify that Mr. Coggin has more than
a slight acquaintance with the works of
modern scholars, such as Lightfoot, Hort,
and Canon Driver. An illustration of Mr.
Coggin's style of interpretation may be given.
" The love," he says,
'• which in body and in soul binds heart to heart
ami mind to mind is the final outcome of the
process of sex distinction which, as at last it
affects humanity, is figured in our story by the
conversion of the representative of humanity
from one being into two persons, who are brought
together by God to lead one life in fellowship."
THE PSALMS.
The Psalter of the Church : the Septuagint
Psalms compared with tlie Hebrew. With
Various Notes. By F. W. Mozley. (Cam-
bridge, University Press.) — Besides the Sep-
tuagint translation of the Psalms, which is
the original " Psalter of the Church," as
opposed to the Synagogue Psalms repre-
sented by the Masoretic Hebrew text, there
come here into consideration the translations
contained in the Vulgate and the English
Prayer Book. The Vulgate Psalter is con-
nected with the Septuagint through the
medium of the old Latin, of which it is a
revision made by St. Jerome. The claim of
the Prayer Book version to be regarded as
an offshoot of the Septuagint i> less decisive.
It rests mainly on certain additions from
the Vulgate which in the Great Bible of
1539-41, from which the version is taken,
were distinguished by smaller type enclosed
within parentheses, a system of differentia-
tion which has been substantially readopted
in Dr. Driver's ' Parallel Psalter.' Mr.
Mozley lias brought to his task scholarship,
patience, and a sound judgment in all
matters affecting textual criticism. His
careful comparison of the Septuagint with
the Hebrew text is sure to be a very great
help to students at the universities and else-
where ; and his notes on the Vulgate and
the Prayer Book version will also be found
very useful. We note with pleasure that
attention has been paid to certain peculiar
usages of English words in the Psalter. The
author's defence of the " ruder versions," as
speaking " with the tone and authority of an
original, without anxiety about the finer
shades of meaning " (p. viii), will strike some
readers as a sort of special pleading : but
this by no means detracts from the excellence
of the main part of the work.
The Hook oi Psalms. With Introduction
and Notes by W. K. Cobb, D.D. (Methuen
& Co.) — As a justification for adding another
N° 4083, Jan. 27, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
103
commentary on the Psalms to the many
already in use, the author refers to
"the absence of any extended work in English
which treats the ' Psalms of David ' freely as
documents of religion in its historical setting,
apart from the after-thoughts of theology, and
from the meaning read into them by Christian
writers."
The new book is certainly free in its tendency,
without ever losing sight of the religious
character of the subject. It is also in many
respects up to date, and there is an air of
freshness about every part of it. The author
has used the best authorities available, and
exercised sound judgment in leaning to
this side or that. It is, however, surprising
to find that the introduction begins with the
erroneous statement that the Old Testament
name of the Psalter is " T'hillim," and that
" T'phillim " (prayers) was by a copyist's
error written instead of it at the end of
Ps. Ixxii. As a matter of fact, neither of
these forms occurs in the Old Testament,
the title "T'hillim" (praises) being the later
Synagogue name of the book. Dr. Cobb
also gives a fresh translation of the Psalms.
The Book of Psalms. Translated by T. K.
Cheyne, CD. (Kegan Paul & Co.) — Neither
the title-page nor any other part of this
book, one of " The Dryden Library," affords
a hint regarding the history of this work
on the Psalms ; but it is in reality a reprint —
page for page and word for word — of Prof.
Cheyne's introduction, translation, and notes
published by Messrs. Kegan Paul & Co. in
1884. Even the words " O Lord, Jehovah
Sabaoth," which had been accidentally
omitted from Ps. lxix. 6 in that edition, are
also omitted in the reprint. The only
alterations seem to be in the wording
of the introduction " Any version of a
masterpiece like the Psalter can be only
in a slight degree successful," instead of
" 'partially successful " ; the omission of
the note of fifteen lines which followed the
sentence just quoted ; and the addition, at
the end of the explanatory notes, of a list
of passages which involve important correc-
tions of the Hebrew text. The republication,
however, of this book at the present time
serves to emphasize the difference between
Prof. Cheyne's recently published extensive
work on the Psalms and his work of about
a quarter of a century ago. There are verjf
many who will unhesitatingly prefer the
old to the new. Others will say that the
old, instead of being republished in its exact
original form, might here and there have
been improved by the introduction of some
of the more cautious elements of advance
that are to be found in the learned critic's
recent work.
The Psalms : their Spiritual Teaching.
By Rev. J. Elder Gumming, D.D.— Vol. I.
Psalms I.-XLI. (Religious Tract Society.)
— Dr. Cumming's object is to provide a
devotional commentary on the Psalms from
the standpoint of Evangelical doctrine. This
is perfectly justifiable. The spiritual tone
pervading the Psalter appeals to each reli-
gious man, whatever lus theological position
may be. Tennyson's famous lines regarding
liim who sin^s
'I'u one ilc.n harp in divers tones
might, in fact, be made to apply not only
to the divers themes treated in the Psalter,
but also to the appeal which the book as a
whole makes to various kinds of men. Dr.
Cumming has, therefore, done well to write
his commentary. His language is simple,
crisp, and direct ; and an air of sincerity
marks its expression. It is, of course,
well known how difficult it is to main-
tain the true devotional spirit for any
length of time, and one must, therefore, be
prepared to como across passages exhibiting
a diminished degree of force. Occasionally
there is even bathos. We have noticed this
especially in connexion with the fanciful
rendering " Think of that " assigned to the
problematic " Selah," when it appears in
places where the supposed English equivalent
does not at all suit the sense. The intro-
duction is interesting as recounting several
methods employed in the spiritual inter-
pretation of the Psalter.
THE NEW TESTAMENT.
Johannine Vocabulary. By Edwin A.
Abbott. (A. <ft C. Black.)— Dr. Abbott
tells us that he wrote a rough draft of a
' Johannine Grammar,' and that, studied
with the aid of it, " the author of the
Johannine Gospel revealed himself in a new
light, as a prophet and yet a player on words ;
one of the most simple of writers, yet one
of the most ambiguous : with a style, in
parts, careless, parenthetic .... but, in gene-
ral effect, an inspired artist." As the title
indicates, the book professes to be a study
of the use of words by the writer of the
Fourth Gospel. Those who know Dr.
Abbott's work will be prepared to find in
this volume evidence of his wide and varied
scholarship ; and even those who suspect
or are convinced that ingenuity leads him
to strange conclusions will welcome this
contribution to the study of New Testa-
ment Greek. This book, however, is not
intended only for students of Greek. " There
is nothing," he says,
"to prevent an 'unlearned' reader from under-
standing, for example, that a difference is intended
(as Origen says there is) when the Fourth Gospel
describes some as 'believing in' our Lord, and
others as 'believing in His name' : and that a play
on words describes the people in Jerusalem as
'trusting in His name.' whereas 'Jesus did not
trust Himself to them': and that a contrast is
drawn between 'the beloved disciple' and Thomas,
both of whom 'saw and believed' — but in what
different circumstances. "
The " unlearned " reader, it may be
pointed out, will probably find difficulty
in understanding what circumstances have
to do with belief as a mental act or process.
Variety in the circumstances which excite
or create belief in different persons does not
cause variety in the act or process of belief.
The act is one and the same, whoever the
persons and whatever the circumstances may
be. Dr. Abbott styles his first chapter
' Believing,' and uses as a sub-title the words
'"Believing," or "Trusting," a Key-Word in
the Fourth Gospel.' There are many things
in this chapter, and also in others, which
seem irrelevant to a study of the Johannine
vocabulary, and which belong, rather, to
the teaching of the Evangelist. It may be
true, for example, that the Evangelist
regards " belief " upon detailed ocular evi-
dence as inferior to " knowledge " given
to us by the Spirit, and that he wishes to
show that there were many different roads
to the " knowledge " of the risen Saviour ;
but the book claims to deal with the Johan-
nine vocabulary. And in a book with this
claim we have many passages such as the
following : —
"Mary Magdalene did not 'believe' SO soon as
the beloved disciple. After- he had 'believed,' she
remained 'weeping.' Nor did she 'set and believe. '
On the contrary, she '««/>' without 'bettering'' ;
tor slir 'supposed it was the gardener.' Hut she
was the first In ' hear.' "
The Testimony of St. Paul t<> Christ. By
R. J. Knowling. (Hodder & Stoughton.)—
This volume contains the Boyle Lectures.
190.'! 5, delivered by Prof. Knowling. There
aro three scries, of which the first deals with
the documents, the second with St. Paul's
testimony in relation to the Gospels, and the
third with the Apostles testimony in rela-
tion to the life of the Church. It is no doubt
necessary in writing or speaking about that
testimony to be sure of the documents which
are to be received as sources, and there may
be, therefore, some justification for the first
set of lectures in this volume. One set of
lectures of ordinary length is insufficient,
however, to exhaust the problems connected
with the Pauline literature, and to set forth
and test the external and internal evidence
for the acceptance or rejection of this or
that epistle. Prof. Knowling prefers to
follow authorities rather than to lead with
arguments of his own, though, while almost
apologizing in his preface for his references
to Van Manen, he pleads that he has at-
tempted to deal with such theories at first
hand. He refers, too, to the fact that these
theories have been popularized in Germany
by "a certain Pastor Kalthoff," and in
England by Mr. J. M. Robertson in ' Pagan
Christs,' and by the publications of the
Rationalist Press Association. From his
lectures it is evident that he seeks to
crush such theories. The crushing may be
necessary, and Prof. Knowling evidently
thinks it is, as a preliminary to the study
of the subject implied in the title of the
book. Throughout it, and not only in
the first set of lectures, he shows a most
extensive knowledge of the relevant lite-
rature, from German treatises down to
magazine articles ; and readers are made
aware of the problems, or at least that there
are innumerable problems, connected with
the Pauline writings, and that the answers
to them are many. His own position is
extremely conservative, it may be said,
even in relation to the Pastoral Epistles.
He trusts that the first series of these
lectures has
"at least shown us how the evidence for the
authenticity of a large majority of St. Paul's
Epistles, if' not for the whole of those claimed for
him, is commending itself to the consideration, and
in no small degree to the acceptance, of men of
very varied schools of thought, and that no serious
importance attaches to recent attacks upon posi-
tions already won."
The testimony which is examined in this
volume is of the greatest interest as a con-
tribution to the study of the mind of Christ,
and also as evidence regarding the life of
the historical Jesus. Prof. Knowling recog-
nizes the value of the inquiry, and he is to
be praised for undertaking the considera-
tion of it. But his weight of learning presses
heavily on the reader, if not on the writer.
On the first page of Lecture X., ' The Testi-
mony of St. Paul to the Facts and Teaching
of the Gospels,' we are told that the subject
is one of permanent interest in New Testa-
ment criticism ; and then, when our interest
is awakened, we are brought face to face on
the same page with Strauss. H. Holtzmann,
J. Weiss, and l'fleiderer.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Mr. John Murray publishes The War in
South Africa : The Advance to Pretoria, the
Upper Tugela Campaign. dkc, prepared in
the Historical Section of the Great General
Staff. Berlin, authorized translation by Col.
Euberl Du Cane. The originals of this and
former German accounts are written with
the kindness which every regular army dis-
plays towards other professional armies
engaged against amateurs. At the same
time, contempt for our work in South Africa
peeps out here and there. The general
conclusion, of course, is that the old " prin-
II
'I'll R A 'I1 II KNvEUM
N M)83, .1 .'7. 1906
oiples . . • . have retained nil their worth....
Success will riot be denied to the attack.
K\ , \\ [ail in ribed to t he generals, or
to the m n usualh to the former. Lord
Roberts i blamed for leafing to expose his
t r. .. >| is to loss. The present Firsl Militan
Member ol the Armj Counoil is "dilatory.'
Neither Sir Redvers Buller (p. 202) nor Sir
Charles Warren (|>. 139) could write Orders,
sir John French failed, not only at Poplar
Grove, hut at Driefontein, where he "dis-
played remarkable Bupineness." In the
' Retrospect ' we read : ' The leader-
superior and subordinate bad no mental
grasp of the requirements of a modern
battle. l'he fighting methods adopted
by the British may be looked on as the
natural outcome of the inferior quality of a
mercenary army." The one point in which
the Prussian Great General Staff have been
willing to learn from our experience concerns
the employment of heavy guns. Here they
differ from General Langlois, who. with at
least equal competence, was last week
preaching the opposite doctrine. The trans-
lation is good. In avoiding German idioms
Col. Du Cane sometimes strays into English
of too popular a kind, as, for example, by
the use of the fourth word in " as soon as
ever."
Main Currents in Nineteenth-Century Lite-
rature. By George Brandes. — Vol. VI.
Young Germany. (Heinemann.) — The final
volume of Dr. Brandes's great work deals
with a period which generally receives very
unsympathetic treatment, if not from the
historian proper, yet certainly from the
literary historian. Nor is this greatly to
be wrondered at. The German literature
of opposition and revolution from about
1820 to 1848— Dr. Brandes extends the
signification of " Young Germany " to the
whole of this period — does not contain
much that purely aesthetic criticism can
regard as superlatively good, and it does
contain a great deal that such criticism is
apt to resent, or at least neglect. In spite
of this, or rather because of this, the present
volume is one of the most interesting and
admirable in the series. It gives the author
abundant opportunity for the display of his
extraordinary psychological gifts ; for his
forte is not so much the appraisal of litera-
ture as such as the analysis of the spiritual
life, the character, and the aims of an author
or an age, especially in connexion with
modern thought. That, indeed, is what
makes his work so vivid and stimulating.
For him the subject is still alive ; he will
take hold of some writer whom we have been
accustomed to pass by and consider of no
special consequence — some Buckler, or
Herwegh, or Dingelstedt — and will pluck
out the heart of his personality, and present
him to us in his true significance, which
often is not a literary one at all. We are
given in the present volume a wonderful
series of such portraits, from Borne and
Heine down to Hartmaim and Sallet ; and
even if we cannot always accept the painter's
point of view without reservation, yet he
constantly manages to bring out a certain
aspect of the truth with such force and
freshness as permanently to modify our
estimate of the character in question. The
rigidly literary critic may perhaps object
that certain important figures are absent
from the gallery — authors like; Hehhel and
Ludwig, for example, are merely named —
but the objection would he unfair. Dr.
Brandes, as lie expressly states, has selected
and grouped his subjects from the personal
point of view and with a perfectly definite
aim, and his success amply justifies the
method.
It is impossible here to discuss the volume
in detail, but we cannot refrain from calling
attention to the charmim.' and illuminating
chapter on Rahel, Bettina, and Charli
Stieglitz, and to what many readers will
probablj regard as the mosi interesting
portion of the hook the long and full
account of Heine and his work. If- t -
Dr. Brandes has indeed a congenial subject,
for his delight in the poet whom he consii
"probably the wittiest man that ever lived,
or at least the wittiest man of modern
times," is unmistakable. His sketch oi
Seine's life is admirable; and his criticism
of the poems, especially the Suggestive com-
parison of Goethe with Heine, is exceed-
ingly clever. And his analysis of Heine's
character, with its puzzling contradictions
that urged him now to vehement utterances
of radicalism and again to equally vehement
disclaimers of being in any sense a repub-
lican, is wonderfully penetrating. ''The
explanation," says Dr. Brandes,
"is that Heine was at one and the same time a
passionate lover of liberty and an out-and-out
aristocrat. He bad tin- freedom-loving nature's
thirst for liberty, pined and languished for it, and
Loved it with his whole soul ; hut be had also the
great nature's admiration for human greatness ami
the refined nature's nervous borror of the rule of
mediocrity."
This recalls Dr. Brandes's well-known cha-
racterization of Nietzsche as " an aristo-
cratic radical," and the fact that these two
authors have much in common is certainly
worthy of consideration.
In introducing her book of reminiscences,
In our Convent Days (Constable), Miss Agnes
Repplier wonders if her successors in the
schools of to-day " live their lives as vehe-
mently as we lived ours." We should guess
that the successors referred to are very much
what Miss Repplier and her companions
were when, at eleven or thirteen, they fell in
love with Marianus, the Italian ! acolyte,
and strutted the stage in the immaculate
scenes of ' Zuma,' " a Peruvian play in which
an Indian girl is accused of poisoning the
wife of the Spanish general, when she is
really trying to cure him of a fever by giving
him quinine." It was a wonderful day when
the archbishop begged a holiday for them,
and was escorted through the woods ; and
it must have been thrilling when he asked
for a song, and himself broke into a non-
sensical rigmarole concerning a miller and a
weaver and a little tailor boy. Miss Repplier
writes with a grave humour which makes
easy reading, but naturally her chronicle
is somewhat " small beer." The children
played, w-ere naughty, and were punished,
and selected goddesses among the bigger
girls to worship, all in the way of small girls
and immature wandering minds. We assume
that the names scattered throughout the
pages are real names since some are obviously
so. The bearers of them will find Miss
Repplier's reminiscences very grateful and
graceful, if they happen to come across her
book.
The Life of Adeline Sergeant. By Winifred
Stephens. (Hodder & Stoughton.) — It is
always interesting to note the influences of
environment and heredity to which a popular
author has been subjected. Miss Sergeant's
mother was an Evangelical writer, and her
father a Wesley an minister. Shewas brought
up and educated as a Wesleyan, joined the
Church of England whilst living as a gover-
ness in Canon Burn Murdoch's household,
and after passing through a series of " spirit-
ual revolutions, to which an imaginative
and highly strung temperament exposed
her. was ultimately received into the Church
of Kome. Miss Stephens has written a
detailed and affectionate account of her
friend's life and work, which shows her to
have been a woman of warm affections and
Miputhy for other-, and of a very
cheerful courage where her own difficult
and troubles w«re concerned. Mi-- Step]
yielded to the temptation common
hex e\ of i,( i i j •_- a little too defiled in
phv • cially in the matter of M
Sergeant early love affair, which was
accompanied by all the morbid emotions —
bravely combated, however inseparable
from such a youthful experience. Jt is of
-renter interest to learn the methods of
work of this most fertile author, who wrote
with such rapidity that she produced two
serials annually, and whose novels were at
least remarkable for their well- woven pli I
What is Truth? By L Gn Smith.
(John Murray.) — The question ol " jesting
Pilate," for which, Bacon say.-, he " would
not stay for an answer," gives a title to
Mr. Gregory Smith's book, which he himself
describes as " an attempt to elucidate first
principles in belief." Very properly, he
begins with an essay on the freedom of the
will— too short to exhaust the subject, but
long enough to show the destructive con-
sequences of Determinism. Freedom is
necessary to morality, which, we are told,
" is the only sure footing for man with
quicksands under his feet," and which is
further declared to be " the surest criterion
of the truth of a creed." Dealing with
Christianity itself, Mr. Gregory Smith natur-
ally gives pre-eminence to the doctrine of
the Incarnation ; but though he desires to
elucidate first principles, he does little more
than make reverent assertions regarding
this doctrine. Most interesting, and most
suggestive, too, are many of the author's
statements, and the whole atmosphere of
the book is religious ; but many difficulties
present themselves, for overcoming which
no help is offered. We are told, for instance,
that " an intelligent Cliristian accepts what
is incomprehensible to him in Cliristianity,
because he has ethical reasons for giving
credence to Christ, for trusting Him." Is
the incomprehensible, it may be asked, in
the Christianity of Christ Himself or in that
of the Church ? and what is the precise
import of " trusting Him " ? Another state-
ment may be quoted : " About the swine in
Gadara, for instance, a Christian, if per-
plexed by the incident, is content to wait
for an explanation till ' the shadows shall
flee away ' and he ' shall know even as he
is known.' " The statement surely contra-
dicts experience. There are men who do
not forfeit their Christian name simply
because they engage in a criticism of the
Scriptures, seek to determine the significance
of the idea of the inspiration of the Bible,
and desire to ascertain the credibility of all
the narratives (including that of the swine
in Gadara) set forth in the Gospels. A
Christian eager to elucidate first principles
in belief is not content to wait for explana-
tions if, while believing in the duty of seeking,
he can find them. It may be pointed out,
too, that the Christian cannot wait for ex-
planations till " the shadows shall flee away."
since the incidents of tin- life of Christ
are in part the materials from which are
derived the " ethical reasons for gi>- '.ig
credence to Christ, for trusting Him ' Mr.
Gregory Smith recognizes the use of these
incidents for creating or fostering trust in
Christ. He will not reject the incident of
the swine, and will not wait for an explana-
tion of it, but declares that in it "there is,
for those who care to see it, an object-lesson,
more telling than language, of the awful-
ness of submission to evil." He is not
afraid of modern discoveries in science
or of the results of criticism, as he
is able without hesitation, following St.
Augustine, to ask the question, "Can
any other teacher say, ' Come unto Me, and
N°4083, Jan. 27, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
105
I will give you rest ' ? " He knows, too,
the value of the doctrine of the Incarnation,
and sees most clearly the significance for
conduct of a trust in Christ. Yet, while
it may be at once admitted that no one in
a small volume can adequately discuss the
problems of Christology, any elucidation of
first principles in Christian belief demands
a demonstration of the personality of Christ
which will explain the " ethical reasons for
giving credence " to Him.
The Green Sphinx. By B. Kennedy.
(Methuen & Co.) — The author, being
"on" the Daily Mail, might be reason-
ably supposed to have entered on his busi-
ness without Nationalist bias. Yet if he
were the son of an Irish emigrant to America,
and brought up on no other food than the
articles on Ireland in the American Fenian
press, he could not be more prejudiced.
Here is his summary of the present state of
the country : —
"Martial law, police Cossacks, false priests,
vampire landlords, and Dublin Castle. No wonder
the lifeblood was streaming from the country. No
■wonder Ireland was a land of gloom and sadness
and desolation."
This is the verdict of an old peasant woman,
which his whole book amplifies and seeks
to justify.
There follows on the same page an out-
burst against a splendid mansion — appa-
rently Kylemore Castle — " which is wrung
out of the world's poverty-stricken by gold."
" Gold is the world's supreme thief. Gold
neither toils nor spins," and so on for a page
of rhetoric from which it would follow that
barter was the only honest mode of exchang-
ing produce. " And gold insolently vam-
pires this produce." The verb is new
to us, but in harmony with the author's
Transatlantic style. Gold is "a yellow
omnipotent devil," which is to fall when
light comes into the world. How an omni-
potent power can be a thief, and, if omni-
potent, how it can fall, we leave the author
to explain.
We are not criticizing the politics of the
book, a matter outside our sphere ; we only
protest that acknowledged facts shall not
be contradicted — that history shall not be
falsified. Thus, in an account of a Land
Court for hearing claims of tenants to have
their rents reduced, the author declares the
whole thing a sham because, out of nineteen,
only two had their rents reduced, and this
he attributes to a mere desire of saving
appearances. As a matter of fact the
majority of Irish tenants have had their
rents reduced, so that in this case their
claim must have been bad. He says their
failure to obtain a reduction was owing
to their having subdivided their farms.
Very probably they were receiving more
rent for parts of their farm than they were
paying for the whole.
The author seems to have no sus-
picion that his wild generalities may have
many exceptions. There is one made for a
policeman who showed him personal atten-
tion. The rest are all Cossacks, with nothing
to do but to await orders from the Castle to
invade houses by night, shoot and stab the
people, and make false reports to the Govern-
ment. And Dublin Castle is nothing but a
sink of iniquity.
Asmight be expected, the book is written
in journalese. When such writing is trans-
ferred to a volume and exposed to deliberate
study, its faults are very obvious. We do
not complain of the myriad use of full stops.
It saves the writer bom most of the pitfalls
of English syntax, and the reader from any
continuous attention. But even in a master
like Macaulay such jerkiness is very irritating.
And what is worse, the writer is betrayed
into the making of aphorisms, and the use
of epithets, which are generally false or
inept. The book before us shows ample
instances of both faults.
What the author's faculty of observation
is may be inferred from the fact that he
describes the Rock of Cashel without one
word on Cormac's Chapel, and Oughterard
without mentioning its picturesque river,
in which (though not in the adjoining lake)
pearls are found. His knowledge of history
is shown by his telling us that assembled
bishops of Ireland conferred on Henry II.
and his heirs the kingdom of Ireland.
Neither Henry II. nor his heirs were kings
of Ireland. * He thinks most of the fertile
land of Connemara was carried there by the
natives ! And lastly, he thinks the com-
mercial traveller the most genuinely edu-
cated and delightful type of companion.
Mr. Alfred W. Rees is admirably
equipped as a winter on nature, as he has
already demonstrated in ' Ianto the Fisher-
man ' ; and consequently his new book,
Creatures of the Night (John Murray), is sure
of its reception. It is a handsome, friendly
book, full of the colour of earth. Mr. Rees
writes of Wales — of a delightful valley
somewhere in the West, where wild life
is more prominent than in less fortunate
districts. His chapters concern the his-
tories of several animals : the otter, the
water-vole, the field-vole, the fox, the brown
hare, the badger, and the hedgehog. His
plan is to catch his creature young ; dub it
Lutra, or Brighteye, or the like, so as to
constitute it a definitely nominate hero ; and
then pursue its course through life to the
known or unknown end. Thus Lutra, the
otter, finds peace in the gorge of Allty-
cafn ; Brighteye, the water-vole, merely
vanishes off the face of the earth ; and Vulp,
the fox, dies of old age in distant mountains.
It is significant of Mr. Rees's studies that he
is more of a naturalist than a sportsman.
On several hands there is proof that the two
may be joined ; otherwise should we have
Sir Herbert Maxwell writing so pleasantly
for us ? But Mr. Rees, we are assured, has
a diffidence in the dual character. Of the
hunt he writes : " The scene that followed
marred for some of us at least the beauty of
the bright March morning." Yet he writes
with no sentimentality such as is apt to
spoil the notes of the lover of nature. His
observations are keen and faithful, though,
as he says, " night watching involves pro-
longed exposure, unremitting vigilance, abso-
lute quietness." In one chapter he describes
how he kept a watch during moonlit nights
for several months on a small community
of animals. These included half a dozen
badgers, a vixen and her cubs, a rabbit and
her young, and a woodmouse. This " set"
occupied a common lodging-house on amic-
able terms, and Mr. Rees's account of them
is engrossing. He writes excellent English,
of which the following is a specimen: —
"Yet the 'mask' suggests a hundred pictures,
and when I turn aside and forget tni' a moment
the unreality of this poor imam' of deal h. I wander,
led by fancy, among the moonlit WOods, where the
red mouse rustles past, and the mournful cry of
the brow n owl Heats through t he beeches' shadowed
aisles, then I heal' a sudden wail, thai echoes from
hill-side to hill side, as the vixen (alls Id Vulp:
'The night is white; man is asleep ; 1 hunt alone!'
And the tux, standing at tin' (due of the clearing,
sends hack his sharp, glad answer, ' 1 come.'"
This may be open to the criticism that it
is a little over-assonant . bid its charm is
undeniable.
Lyrics <>j the Restoration, selected and
edited by John and Constance Mnsolicld
(E. Grant Richards), is the first of a series
called " Tho Chap-Books." The booklet is
one of the daintiest things we have seen
for many a day, bound in white vellum with
old-fashioned ties. The selection, too, is
judicious and by no means hackneyed. We
are not in accord with all the views expressed
in the Introduction, but it is a clever piece
of work, and not so affected, we are glad to
find, as some modern remarks of the sort.
In the " Venetian Series," published by
the same firm, we have The Marriage of
Heaven and Hell by Blake, a little paper
book which is pleasingly quaint in form.
We have received Lodge's Peerage,
Baronetage, and Knightage for 1906 (Kelly's
Directories), a fine volume which is admir-
ably produced, as might be expected from
the publishers. No book of the sort can
expect to cope fully with the recent flood
of honours, but ' Lodge ' is well up to date
in detail, and, in all cases in which we have
examined it, laudably accurate.
The Oxford Year-Booh and Directory for
1906 (Sonnenschein) is an admirable guide
to Oxford graduates. It occupies 764 pages,
and the editor is to be warmly congratulated
on the research and resource which have
made it so full. In every case we have
tested we find names and details correctly
supplied. We think the term ' Year-Book '
is misplaced, as there are no annual details
of Oxford life supplied, and the volume is
simply a directory of names alphabetically
arranged.
The Englishwoman's Year-Book for 1906,
edited by Emily Janes (A. & C. Black), is
now an established annual, and deserves
credit for the width of its range, being a
useful record of the extending activities of
women. We are pleased to see notice,
under ' Sports and Pastimes,' of the oppor-
tunities for play provided for the poorer
classes. The section on ' Literature ' needs
improvement. The practical advice sup-
plied is verbose and sentimental ; most of
the book, however, is businesslike and
satisfactory.
Messrs. A. & C. Black also publish The
Writers' and Artists' Year-Book for 1906.
This is a rehandling of 'The Writers'
Year-Book,' giving details as to the matter
papers want, conditions of pay, &c. There
is also a directory of publishers, to which
more American firms should be added. The
whole is eminently practical, and should
save both editors and intending con-
tributors much time and wasted labour.
No. 25 of The Library, now published by
Messrs. Moring, contains an article by Dr.
Osier on Sir Thomas Browne and the ' Religio
Medici,' illustrated by the Norwich portrait
of Browne. A facsimile of tho frontispieces
of the first (surreptitious) edition and of the
third (the first author's) edition will be of
interest to collectors. The paper is a grace-
ful and charming account of Sir Thomas
Browne and his work by one peculiarly
fitted to appreciate his character and stand-
point, personal and professional. The most
interesting article in the number is a sort of
symposium on ' The Municipal Librarian's
Aim in Bookbuying,' which the librarian
who opens the discussion thinks should
be to exclude all but the best. Headers
who want Miss Worboise, Mrs. Henry
Wood, or Miss Hraddon. as they do, to
the extent of borrowing their total pro-
duction at tho rate of a million and a
half issues a year should, he thinks.
find their Supply suddenly cut oft". The
editors ask: (1) Does tie' educational use
fulness, which (-very one is agreed that
municipal libraries should possess, constitute
their whole legitimate scope ? (2) Is it in-
consistent with educational usefulness for a
km;
THE ATITENiEUM
N 1083, Jah. 27, 1906
lii.nir\ to circulate silly novels ! They
suggest dial tit*- readers of penny novellettes
are the sort of persona ■ librarian ruM to
reclaim, and thai thej will require verj
oareful tending t<> lead them to higher
things. Lord Avebury, Prof. Hodgkin, and
Mr. Sidney Lee do nol think thai public
funds oughl t<» be applied • <> the "provision
of such frivolous amusement as ephemeral
action affords." Prof. W. M. Dixon, Mr.
Passmore Bdwards, and .Mr. Sidney Webb
take an opposite view. Their answer to
objeotors is that their argument proves too
much : it. is as fatal to public libraries
without fiction as with it. Mr. John
Balunger, Dr. Garnett, and .Mr. Faber take
a via media; and Dr. Garnetl defends the
ladies named by the opener. Their works
are " by no means silly, but are adapted
with much skill to meet the taste of a large
body of readers unable to appreciate fiction
of a higher class, and an- actually useful in
so far as they depict phases of modern life
with spirit aiid accuracy." Altogether t he-
article is a very good synopsis of the argu-
ments which arise round every public
library in the kingdom. Mr. Homer sends
an interesting paper on the cost of
printing in the seventeenth century ; Mr.
Jacobi writes on early printers' inks ; and
the usual notice of recent foreign literature,
reviews, and book notes complete an excellent
number.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Theology.
Abbott OV.), Tlu- Life of Hope, 2
Brant (C H.), Adventure for Uod, :> m t.
Ludem&nn (II.), Biblical Christianity, translated by M. A.
Canney, - net.
Vivian (P.), The Churches and Modern Thought, (i net.
Wells (A. R.), The Young People's Pastor, -i:
Law.
Oppenheim (I,.), International Law: Vol. II. War and
Neutrality, svo, is net.
Parry (K. A.), Ten Years' Experience of the Manchester
anil Salford County Courts, 1 net.
Fine Art and Archaeology.
Hind (('. L.), Days with Velasquez, 7 i; net.
Ilyainson (A. M.), Dictionary Ol Artists and Art Terms,
1/ net.
Lewis (C), Lost in Blunderland, -i ii
Lowden (A. E. 1).), A Drawing Scheme for Country Schools,
■id
Macquoid (P.), A History of English Furniture: Vol. II.
The Age of Walnut, 42/ net.
Tartans of the Clans and Septs of Scotland, i vols.
Poetry and the Drama.
Campbell (A.), Reveries. .'(,<'
Cams (P.), Kriedrich Schiller, 3/6 net.
Dorchain (A.), Lea Cent Meilleurs Poemea (Lyriques),
Oil. net.
Baton (A. W.), Acadian Ballads and De Soto's Last Dream;
Poems of tin' < Ibristian Year, each 4/ net.
Lyrists of the Restoration, selected by J. and C. Masefleld,
:i, (i net.
Narayana (It.), A Tale of Behar.
O'Dowd (B.), The Silent Land, and other Verses, 1/
Salmon (A. I..), A Book of Verses, 2/6 net.
Simpson (P.), Scenes from Old Playbooks, !,ii
Music
Liyhtwood (.1. T.), Hymn Tunes and their Story, .'. net
Pronouncing Pocket-Manual of Musical Terms, edited by
Dr. T. Baker, 1/ net.
Young (I'ilson), Slastersingers, 5/ net,
Bibliography.
Winternitz (M.) and Keith (A. 1'..), Catalogue of Sanskrit
Mss. in the Bodleian Library, VoL II., 26/ net.
Uietory ami Biography,
Account! of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, edited l>\
Sir. I. Balfour Paul: VoL VI., 1631-8.
Carl(K. A.), With the Empress Dowagei of China, in i; net.
Parmer (.1. K.), Versailles and the Court under Louis XIV.,
IE net.
Giffen (J. K.), The Egyptian Sudan, 8/6 net.
Hungry Forties, Life under the Bread Tax, Introduction by
.Mrs. Cobden Cnwia, Qd.
Morley (.).), The Life of Richard Cobden, Part I., o(/. net.
Underwood (L. II.), With Tommy Atkins in Korea, 4/ net,
Whibley (C), William Pitt, o net
Geography ami Travel.
Maxsted(H. EL), Three Thousand Miles in a Motor-Car, 2/6
net.
Sciincouit (E. de), Wordsworth's Guide to the Lakes, 2/6
net.
Sports ami Pastimes.
w.ilkci (P. i, [low to Phi) Association foothill, 1/net
Folk-lore,
Anderton (I. M.), Tuscan Folk-lore and Sketches, 2 o
net.
Philology.
w,\„,\ i - 1 \ in 1 1 1 ti i ii < i Iramnuu 16 *• net
pholl, II. 1 1. Ml. .. . I'M bj I. I M..M ll.Hlt. II. .le- D)
I,, i i mil i lull ! '■ net
Scht
kngtu (A 'I i v en lnniii.il> (-hi-, in Differentia] and
ml Ciilculu
Bamell ill J > PracticaJ Object Lemwna from tin- Plant
World, 3
Blackie'ri KiirHhIi Sehool Texts: Travew in Thibet Livy,
1 1 : 1 1 1 1 1 i l >. 1 1 in It il> : De Oulneey's English Mail I
Travels of CapU John Smith, 6a, each.
Blackie's Little French i lassies . < bans la Roland, Id.
c in (M. « ). The Function ol Word
, iCera I',.. Lege Manilia, ed. by W. .1. W Ihouse, i : Pro
Sexto Roscio Awerino Oratio, ed. )■> J. C. Nicol, -i 6
llariold (.1- 1. Digi wtine Returns into Summaries, 2 6 net
.i.uk- Concentric Histories: our [stand's Story; Step
Four; The Making of Europe, i Beach.
Wail (A. F.) ;i it'l Hayes (B. J.), Matriculation Select ■
from I. it in Authors, 2 6
Science.
Berri (ft, J. A.) Surface Anatomy, ' 8 neb
Campbell (l>. H). Tbe structure and Development of
Mosses and Ferns (Archegoniat»), 18 6 net
DalbyfW I'..). V'alvesand Valve Geai Mechanism, 21/ net
Gentscn (W.), Steam Turbines, translated by A. EL Lnldell,
21 net. , , ,
Haeckel (EA Last Words on Evolution, translated by
.1. McCabe, H net
McCabe (.).), The Origin of Life, 6tt
Naturalist's Directory, 1906-7, I 6 net.
Prince (M.), The Dissociation of a Personality, 10/6 net
Reed's Naval Seaman's Assistant, by Vulcan, 2 net
Thomas (J. W.), The Ventilation, Beating, and Lighting of
Dwellings, 6
General Literature.
Blake (W.), The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, 6d. net.
Chemical Manufacturers' Directory, 1906, 2 6 net.
(lurk (Margaret), All Weathers, .'(; net.
Ellis (Appleton), The Hour on the Latch, :: 6
Englishwoman's Year-Book and Directory, 1906, edited by
E. .lanes, 2/6 net.
Hunter (A. C), A Prince in the Garret, 6
Howe(F. C), The City, the Hope of Democracy, 7/6 net.
Kernahan (('.), The Sinnings of Seraphine, 6/
Lodge's Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage, 1906, 31/6 net.
Mann (M. EA Rose at Honeypot, 6/
Mathieson's Highest and Lowest Prices; Provincial Highest
and Lowest, 2 6 each.
Moore (.1. II.), The Universal Kinship. 4/6 net.
New Zealand Official Yearbook, 1905, prepared by E. J.
von Dadelszen.
Penny (!■'. E.), Caste and Creed, 6/
Roberts (TA Hemming the Adventurer, (i,
Thorn's Official Directory of Great Britain and Ireland,
1906, svo, -l\l
Tolstoy (Count I,.), Christianity and Patriotism, and other
Essays, 2/ net.
Tytler(S.)i The Bracebridges, 6/
"Wha-oo-ool " by E. V. A., 3/6
Writers' and Artists' Year-Book, 1906, 1/ net.
FOR EIGN.
Fine Ait ami Archaeology.
Moreau-Vauthier (Ch.), Heroine, 1'Homme et 1' Artiste.
Music
Hubert (H.), Johannes Brahms, sa Vie et son CEuvre, 6fr.
Philosophy.
Pachen (.1.), Du Positivisnie an Mysticisme, Sfr. 50.
History ami Biography.
An Irieux (L.), La Commune a Lyon en 1S70 et 1871, Sfr. 50.
Bildt (Baron de), Christine de Suede et le Conclave de
('lenient X., 1GISD-70, Sfr.
Chambrier(J. de), De Sevastopol ii Solferino, Sfr. 50.
Erb (General), L'ArtUlerie dans les Bataillesde Met/., 12fr,
Niox (Ct'iieral), La Cuerre Russo-.laponaise, 2fr.
S^gur (Marquis de), Julie (le Lespinasse, 7fr. 50.
Geography ami Travel.
Bordeaux (A.), LaGuyane Inconnue, 3fr. 50.
Philology.
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (U. von), Bucolici Grseci, rec. et
emend., 2m. 80.
Science.
Thierry (M. de), Introduction a l'Ktuile de la Chiniie, lOfr,
General Literature.
Adam (P.), Les Lions, Sfr. 5ft
Bray (M. de). Sans Defense, Sfr. 50.
Cheradame (A.), Le Monde et la Guerre Russo-Japonaise,
9fr.
Civet (A.), L'Officier Allemaud, Ofr.
Roster (E. B.), Over Navolging en Overeenkomst in de
Litoratuur.
Leroy-Allais (JA Ames Vaillantes, Sfr. 5ft
Kcniiis.it (M.). L'InouMiable Passe, Sfr. 5(1.
Ribera (J.), Lo Uientiflco en la Historia.
Tinnier, Coccinelle, 3fr. 50.
%* All books received at the office mi to Wednesday morning
n-ill he included in tin's List unless previously noted.
GEORGE JACOB HOLYOAKR.
When, on the 25th of February last, we
reviewed Mr. Holyoake's 'Bygones Worth
Remembering,' we little thought thai before
twelve months bad passed wo should have
tin* sorrow of recording that our veteran
friend was among tlie bygones. Although
born as tar back as the 1 3th of April, IS 17,
the "young patriarch," as ho loved to be
called, was so full of vigour that even at his
advanced age than appeared to b
time i"i ii- ml work before him. I ft. ml
he whs to th. lu-t, and tull ot that cheerful
optimism thai gave colour to Ins life.
Many ol the reform- in which he took
-mli a leading part were advocated in The
Athenaeum until they were accomplished,
that we regard with special interest a life
which u,i- -pint in securing improvementa
in th.- condition of the poor, in his
1 Bygones ' Eolyoake describee vividly their
Bufferings, their" unhealthy homes, the adul-
terated food, and the entire absence of
innocenl recreation for their boon of l>i- i
He makes hut modest reference to bii share
in the work of reformation ; indeed, he
was ever eager to secure credit for others,
himself modestly withdrawiri"; from praise.
Holyoake was weakly as a boy, and it
was often said of him that it was doubtful
Whether he would be reared, and be humor-
ously records that "after the predictions
recounted as to my early decease, it was
unimaginable to me that 1 should be writing
at seventy-five in pleasant health." In his
youth his delight was in mechanical con-
trivances, and not having the raerns to buy
mathematical instruments, he made two
pairs of compasses for pencil and pen,
hammered out of bits of sheet iron. His
tutor was so pleased with them that he caused
them to be laid on the table at the annual
distribution of prizes of the Mechanics'
Institute, and as the result Mr. Isaac Pitman
publicly presented Holyoake with a proper
case of mathematical instruments. After
this Holyoake's name was placed on George
Stephenson's list of young engineers and
of this he was very proud, though nothing
came of it. That he would have been a
successful engineer there can be but little
doubt, for he had the mechanical faculty,
and he relates that he "could tell tie
quality of steel and other metals just
as others can tell textile fabrics at a
glance." He considered mechanical employ-
ment far preferable to any other open
to men born in cities, there being
more independence in handicraft pursuits,
and more time for original thought, than
in clerkship or business. His capacity to
work as a whitesmith or engineer was a
source of pride to him, and he records that
" anything I could do in my mechanic days
I could do ever after. It gave me a sense of
independence. If speaking, teaching, or
writing failed me, I was always ready for
the bench."
The details of Holyoake's long and useful
life it is needless to recall, for he has given
them to us in the ' Bygones Worth Remem-
bering,' already mentioned, and in ' Sixty
Years of an Agitator's Life,' reviewed in
The Athenaeum on the 31st of December,
1892. The idea of writing these was first
suggested to him in the later fifties by Mr.
White, of the House of Commons, father
of "Mark Rutherford." Holyoake also,
towards the close of 1899, wrote an intro-
duction to his friend Collet's ' History of
tin- Taxes on Knowledge ' (Athcn., Jan. 20th,
1900), and in this he pays a generous tribute
to the Bervi06S rendered by my father in
freeing literature and the Press from these
taxes. In 1901, when The Sun started the
novel idea of a portion of the paper being
edited by a different editor each week,
Holyoake was chosen to succeed his friend
Dr. Parker, then of the City Temple, and he
was responsible for the first page for the
six numbers ending the 21st of December.
In his manifesto be stated his " loyalty to
Liberal principles and to the party which
represents them": "One tiling time has
taught all who think — that there is no free-
dom without responsibility. Liberty with-
out it is another name for despotism."
N° 4083, Jan. 27, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
107
Holyoake was an occasional contributor
to Notes and Queries, the subjects on which
he wrote including his recollections of old
Chartists.
His death on Monday came naturally and
peacefully, the death of old age, and his
last words, whispered to his friend Mr.
Applegarth, were,
I warmed both hands before the tire of Life ;
It sinks, and I am ready to depart.
Those who have enjoyed his friendship
know what a privilege it was. A kindness
shown to him he never forgot, and I have
never known a man more affectionate and
sincere. It is pleasant to hear that he had
finished the revision of ' The History of
Co-operation,' and also his autobiography.
F.
THOMAS GRAY IN PETERHOUSE.
II.
What was the character of the education
which Gray received in Peterhouse ? In
December, 1736, Gray is found writing to
his friend West, " You must know I do not
take degrees." This has been too hastily
taken as representing a general repudiation
by Gray of academic courses. It amounts
to no more than a declaration that Gray did
not propose to proceed to the B.A. degree,
which in the ordinary way he would have
taken in the ensuing year. Gray came up
in the Dark Ages of academic exercises, a
generation before the efforts of reformers
like Dr. John Jebb of his own College had
introduced examination tests of a sub-
stantial educational value. The men of
the eighteenth century were preserved from
a fatal modern conception : they could not
regard the taking of a degree either as the
end of University education or the final
demonstration of the possession of ability.
When graduation commonly represented
certain obsolete formalities and, as Gray
put it, mere " impertinencies," men of first-
rate distinction, who were not candidates
for University appointments, might well
complete their course without submitting
themselves to the formalities of the Schools.
Henry Cavendish went down from Peter-
house without a degree. Charles Babbage,
the subsequently famous mathematician, as
an undergraduate of the same College
declined to be a Tripos candidate. That
Gray pursued a regular curriculum is reason-
ably certain. He had in 1736, as he com-
plained, attended lectures and disputations
daily and hourly since coming up. Some-
thing of the character of his studies may
be gathered from general knowledge as to
the disputations in Hall and other College
exercises, attendance upon which was in-
cumbent upon all students. Something of
a more particular nature may be extracted
from the conditions of tenure of the scholar-
ships which he held.
The provisions of tenure of the Cosin and
the Hale Scholarships were drafted on the
same model. They aimed at securing pro-
priety of demeanour and the regular pursuit
of definite studies. With regulations as to
the wearing of wide-sleeved gown and
squared cap, the avoiding of extravagance
in dress, and modest deportment in Hail
and elsewhere, were combined some par-
ticular requirements as to the student's
mental fare. As Cosin Scholar, Gray would
be forbidden to wear long Locks or use hair
powder. Whether as Cosin or its Hale
Scholar, he would be required to study
music under the College organist, so as to
take part in the chanting and singing of the
Chapel choil : on each Sunday and least
day he would produce to the Master and to
the President or Senior Dean at dinner hour
fair copies of Greek and Latin verses on a
subject taken from the Gospel for the day.
Once each quarter, at 9 a.m., on a day
appointed, two Hale Scholars were called
upon to dispute in Hall on a proposition pre-
viously approved by the Master, a fair copy
of the argument being subsequently depo-
sited with the Master by each disputant.
Each year for further tenure the Master
and two Deans must be satisfied as to the
progress of the scholar in his studies.
Gray did not take the B.A., but he con-
fessedly amassed knowledge, and in par-
ticular a knowledge of the classics, which
excited the admiration of his contemporaries,
and has moved later biographers to ecstasy.
And however eminent may be a young
man's genius, such knowledge is not to be
gathered in a few short years absolutely
without instructor. Who were Gray's
teachers ? It is possible to identify one,
at least, with more than probability. Gray,
as an undergraduate, combined the licensed
self-admiration of the poet at once with
constitutional idleness and with a young
man's habitual contempt for the acquirements
of his seniors. A reader of the letters in
which the youthful student depicts his
contemporaries in Cambridge as sunk in
sloth and ignoranoe would hardly expect
to find in a Peterhouse Senior Fellow
of the time the finest classical scholar
of the day, and a classical scholar fit
to take high rank in any age. Yet
Jeremiah Markland, the commentator upon
Cicero and upon Euripides, was ranked as a
critic, by authority worthy of deference,
as second only to Bentley, and it may be
more than suspected that Gray was in no
small degree indebted for some sparks of
his classical brilliancy to habitual associa-
tion for many years with the modest scholar
who twice declined the Greek Professorship.
Nor was Markland alone in Peterhouse
other than " barbarian." If the Peterhouse
of Gray's day attracted young " bloods "
like Augustus Henry Fitzroy, subsequently
Duke of Grafton, Chancellor of the Uni-
versity, and Premier ; James Lowther,
" the bad Earl " of Lonsdale ; and Henry
Liddell, first Earl of Ravensworth, she also
produced not a few men worthy — whether
in " religion, manners, or learning " — to
stand in the niches of History beside the
author of the ' Elegy.' Henry Cavendish,
the world-renowned chemist, and his cousin
Lord John Cavendish, Secretary of State,
a statesman of the highest character, were,
with others who might be mentioned, no
bad foils for the glory of Thomas Gray.
At Michaelmas, 1738, Gray went down
from Peterhouse with the intention of reading
for the Bar. Instead of settling in the
Temple, however, he accepted an invitation
to travel with Horace Walpole. His name
remained on the Peterhouse books as that
of an undergraduate Pensioner until Michael-
mas, 1739. Three years later he reappears
as " Mr. Gray."
No formal record, suchasonthelike occasion
usually appears, has been found of his trans-
ference to the grade of Follow Commoner,
but his name is included amongst those of
Fellows and Fellow Commoners on the
Buttery Roll, and as an undergraduate he
could not have joined the table in any other
character.
From October, 1742, to the beginning
of 1756 he was continuously in residence.
In 1743 he took the degree of Bachelor of
Civil haw. It was at the Peterhouse tligh
Table that Cray met the Duke of Oration.
then Earl of Euston, to whose- patronage he
was later to owe his appointment to the
Professorship of Modern History; and
then>, too, he contracted a close friendship
with Richard Stonehewer, who subsequently
acted as Grafton's secretary, and held a
Civil Service appointment. Stonehewer
graduated from Trinity as eighth Wrangler
in 1749-50, but in 1751 was elected a Ramsey
Fellow of Peterhouse.
And now for the occasion of Gray's
migration to Pembroke : —
" Two or three young men of Fortune, who lived
in the same staircase, had for some time intention-
ally disturbed him with their riots, and carried
their ill-behaviour so far as frequently to awaken
him at midnight. After having borne with their
insults longer than might reasonably have been
expected, even from a man of less warmth of
temper, Mr. Cray complained to the Governing
part of the Society ; and, not thinking that his
remonstrance was sufficiently attended to, quitted
the College."
So writes the biographer Mason, a Fellow of
Pembroke. The incident belongs to 1756.
Gray himself writes to Dr. Wharton from
Pembroke on March 25th, 1756, in his
habitual manner of quiet jest : "I left my
Lodgings because the rooms were noisy
and the people of the house uncivil." He
declines to give particulars, but refers his
correspondent to the bearer of the letter,
" who was witness to them," for details of
facts and minute circumstances. The bearer
was Stonehewer.
Tradition has eked out the accounts of
biographers in furnishing the details with-
held by Gray.
Under Dr. Keene and his successor Dr.
Law a steady stream of men of good birth
had set towards Peterhouse. Amongst the
young Fellow Commoners so entering were
some disorderly " bloods." Gray was timor-
ous. He occupied rooms in the top floor of
the three-story New Buildings, which abut
on St. Mary's Churchyard and on Trump-
ington Street. Becoming alarmed lest a
fire should result from the nightly disorders
in apartments below, he had an iron bar
fixed outside his bedroom window for use
in emergency as the support of a rope ladder.
The outbreak was not long delayed. In the
middle of a February night Gray was aroused
by shouts of " Fire ! " was met at his door
by volumes of smoke ascending the staircase
from a fire of shavings, and promptly de-
scended from his window into a tub of water
placed for his reception in the Churchyard
below. In this plight he was found by
Stonehewer. Complaints to Dr. Law not
exciting the sympathy he expected, Gray
migrated to Pembroke, where everybody
was " as civil as they could be to Mary of
Valence in person."
The substantial accuracy of this story
seems capable of conclusive confirmation.
The date of Gray's migration can be fixed
with accuracy by reference to the Peter-
house Butler's Book. He was in residence
during the week ending March 5th, 1756.
His namo was entered on the list for the
following week, but the butler's pen has
been drawn through it.
In the previous January Gray had written
to a correspondent as to the purchase of a
rope ladder in view of his neighbours' con-
duct.
In Moultrie's edition of Gray's 'Works'
Dr. Gretton, Master of Magdalene, is cited
as having furnished to the biographer tho
names of three of the perpel rat ors of the
practical joke. Dr. Gretton was, as is
proved by th«> aforesaid Butler's Hook, an
undergraduate in residence at Peterhouse
on March 5th, L756. The names he gave
were Williams, Forester, and " Perceval, after-
wards Earl of Egmont," Fellow Commoners.
Perceval, heir in 17.">(> to the Earldom of
Egmont, was never a member of Peterhouse.
and may bo dismissed from the indictment.
108
Til E A Til KX^TM
N 1083, Jan. 27, 1906
With r. ^j .. . t In Bennot William- and (iriir^'u
Forester 1 1 1<- oase [a otherwise. In the
fateful week when Gray's name \\ as re ved
from the Peterhouse boards Ki i Williams
and Forester were two of three Fellow
Commoner! dining at ih>' HiL-ii Table with
Gray. The third was Franou Dawes, latex
Fellow and Bursar.
.Mason says that tin" rioters lived upon
Gray's stuirca • A rough Bursar's BOOK in
the Peterhouse Treasury gives the names of
the occupants of the six sets of rooms in
the New Buildings at Michaelmas, 1765. In
set 1 on the top floor was Mr. Gray. Opposite
to him was Air. Forester. In set 6 on the
ground floor below was Mr. Williams.
It may bo added that Stonehewer was in
residence in the week ending March 5th.
And the bar remains at the churchyard
window of set 1 of the New Buildings to
the present hour.
Gray, according to the testimony of
Horace Walpole, " never was a boy." He
had a distaste for all athletic pursuits, was
effeminate, and at times affected. He
invited attack.
In December, 1756, Gray communicated
to Mason a Christmas dinner menu of an
ancient Duke of Norfolk and finished an
amusing account of its contents with a
query as to its cost. We may now retaliate
on Gray.
On Christmas Day, 1755, Gray sat down
to dinner in Peterhouse together with six
Fellows and five Fellow Commoners. Their
menu and the cost of the provision stand
thus : —
£ g. d.
Hott Salmon & Lobster Sauce Oil 0
Potates and Sal lad ... ... 0 1 0
Loine Beef 0 9 6
Wildfowl 0 7 6
Mince Pies 0 3 (i
Rost Turkey & forstmeat ... 0 6 0
Pane.
Potu.
Poc. Gr.
The last entries represent bread, beer, and
"Grace Cup." This might pass for some-
thing more;, modern. But what of the
following ^Candlemas dinner — Gray's last
Peterhouse feast — when the poet fed with
seven Fellows and four Fellow Commoners
in company, including the graceless Forester
and Williams ?
.£ a. d.
Pikes and Eyls 0 14 6
Round Reef Oil 8
Greens k Brokly ... ... 0 16
Leniinon Puding 0 3 0
Basht Calf s Head 0 5 0
Wild Fowl 0 6 0
Mince Pies 0 4 0
Lobsters ... ... ... 0 5 (5
Sweet Breads ... ... ... 0 (i !)
Turkey 0 5 6
3 3 J
Pane .
Potu.
Poo. Gr.
Over the subsequent and consequent
expenditure on French and Spanish wines
and punch in the parlour time has merci-
fully drawn a veil. We may ask, as Gray
asked concerning the ducal supplies, " What
would these provisions cost nowadays ? "
T. A. W.
1
19
0
t.
d.
0
6
0
3
1
5
2
2
8.
d.
1
<;
0
9
5
10
8
l
THE FIRE OF ROME AM» THE
CHRIST! INS.
'l'lu Nineteenth Otntwry for December last
oontaine a very interesting article from Un-
pen of Mr. .1. c. TarveTi oi which the main
object i^ to prove that the charge agam-t
tin- christians oJ bavins helped to kindle,
or to spread, the great lire at Rome under
Nero Hih probably not unfounded; or, to
use his own words, " that members of some
extreme sect of men culling themselves
Christians were actually concerned in the
lire of Rome."
The main foundation for such a charge
must of course be the famous passage of
Tacitus, Ann. xv. 44 ; and on the various
evidence adduced by Mr. Tarver in support
of his position from other sources I have
nothing to say. But 1 demur entirely to
making Tacitus responsible for Mr. Tarver's
conclusions ; and 1 submit, with great con-
fidence, (1) that Tacitus neither affirms, nor
suggests, the guilt of the Christians, but, on
the contrary, clearly indicates his own dis-
belief in it ; and (2) that the words of
Tacitus, read in their context, do not carry
the meaning that the Christians confessed
to their own guilt.
1. The words used by Tacitus make it
clear that he thought the charge against
the Christians was a false charge, trumped
up by Nero to divert suspicion from himself :
" ergo abolendo rumori Nero subdidit reos."
Now the verb subdere occurs fifteen times
in Tacitus. In six of these passages it has
its natural meaning of " placing " one thing
" under " another. In the other passages
it is used in an applied or metaphorical
sense ; in all of these it has the meaning
of substituting something which is false
for something which is true. Twice it is
used in the sense of "suborning"; twice
it is used of a false rum' ur purposely
spread ; once of forging a will ; in the
remaining passages, including the present,
it is used either of charges that are false, or
of innocent persons falsely accused. Hence
the phrase subdidit reos, from the pen of
Tacitus, necessarily means that the Chris-
tians were falsely substituted as scapegoats
in place of the true criminals.
2. The language of Tacitus, I submit,
gives no support to the view that the Chris-
tians pled guilty to incendiarism. After
mentioning the name of Christians as ac-
cused persons, Tacitus goes on to give his
amazing description of that
"detestable superstition, which, though checked
for a time, broke out again, not in Judaea only,
where the mischief began, but even within our own
city, into which pours every horrible and shameful
thing from every part of the world, and finds a
welcome."
In the full swing of this terrible indict-
ment he proceeds : —
" Igitur primum oorrepti qui fatebantur, deinde
indicio eorum multitudo ingens hand proinde in
crimine incendii quam odio humani generis convicti
sunt."
Now what was it that these unhappy men
confessed ? The whole context makes it
clear that what they confessed was not acts
of incendiarism, but that they belonged to
the detested body called Christians, and that
the information which they gave was of the
names of brethren belonging to the same
sect. The charge of incendiarism broke
down ; but the unhappy prisoners had to
be convicted, and l luy were convicted on
the charge which the Romans were ever
ready to bring against the Jews, or of persons
supposed to be Jews, that of " hatred of the
whole human race."
Thus Tacitus must disappear from the list
of witnesses against the Christians on the
charge of anon : and Mr. Tarver's q
Why Should they declare their guilt if
they were nnt guilty I ' admits of a \
Bimple answer.
1 have dealt elsewhere in detail with many
oi the point! on which Mr. Tarvei
what 1 regard a- unju-t and tinappreciative
comments on Tacitus in hi but
one-sided book, ' Tiberius the Tyrant ' : and
• ii,- to me a pity that even into the diffi-
cult question oi the < Ihristians at Rome under
Nero he should introduce the spirit of the
pamphleteer. Jt does not further the cause
of scholarly and sober criticism to speak of
Tacitus as "constitutionally incapable of
letting Nero off the charge of having bin
caused the (ire " ; or to say that " <>!,•
the unamiable peculiarities of Tacitus is a
tendency to contradict himself when he sees
an opportunity of imputing unworthy
motives to the men or the classes which he
dislikes." The contradiction in this case
does not exist ; Tacitus neither asserts, nor
implies, that he thought the Christians
guilty of the fire; though his prejudices
would undoubtedly have led him to believe
that a sect originating in Judaja would be
capable of any crime, however heinous And
when Mr. Tarver adds that " Tacitus has
spoiled his case against the Christians by
his use of the word subdidit''1 he has himself
spoiled his case against Tacitus by showing
the true meaning of that word (ignored
before), and relieved us from the necessity
of attributing to Tacitus either " contra-
diction " or the " desire to impute unworthy
motives," on the ground of the passage now
before us.
And as to the " unamiable peculiarities
of Tacitus," I venture to think that it would
be at once more just and more critical to
paraphrase Mr. Tarver's judgment as follows :
" One of the peculiarities of Tacitus is that,
even where his prejudices are strongest and
his judgments harshest, his historic sense
leads him to put into the reader's hands
the materials for correcting him."
G. G. Ramsay.
•A CURIOUS DANCE ROUND A
CURIOUS TREE.'
As that hardy annual 'A Curious Dance
round a Curious Tree ' has been lately
discussed in The Athenaeum (July to Decem-
ber volume, pp. 308, 370, 437, 473) I am
tempted to contribute my little quota to
the discussion.
The late W. H. Wills gave me his book,
then just published, containing a number
of his light, scattered papers — among them
one called * A Plated Article.' Not long
after appeared Dickens's ' Reprinted Pie*
and to my surprise among them this very
paper of Wills's. When I saw him, I men-
tioned the matter, which he explained thus.
He and Boz had paid a visit to some
works at Sheffield, and Wills had written an
account of tin- processes, machinery. <vc. Boz
had then added what he recollected, besides
"touching" the whole up with humorous
strokes. I may say no one did this so
thoroughly and effectively as he did,
provided he liked and was interested in
the paper. He would make it his own.
adding sentences, substituting words, alter-
ing the ideas, &C. I have "proofs"
of my own work which he has treated in
this fashion, and which are a perfect net-
work of such emendations.
Now the fact that this 'Curious Dance'
appeared with Wills'fl name and also with
Boz's has " intrigued " many, and also has
confused the matter a good deal. As the
instance I have just given makes it all but
N° 4083, Jan. 27, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
109
certain that it was a joint concern, I hope
that the ' Curious Dance ' will now be given
a long rest. Percy Fitzgerald.
FROUDE'S 'NEMESIS OF FAITH.'
As there are several accounts of the
burning of this book, perhaps your readers
will be interested to know another. I have
in my possession a copy of the 1849 edition
of the 'Nemesis' containing the book-plate
of Charles Dickens, a printed label " From
the Library of Charles"*TDickens, Gadshill
Place, June, 1870." Fronting the title-page
is the autograph " John Forster," and pasted
in at the end of the volume the following
letter in the holograph of the author : —
14-2, Strand, Feb. 28/40.
Should the Editor of The Examiner take occasion
to review the 'Nemesis of Faith,' hy J. A. Fronde,
M.A., sent to him a few days since, he will he
interested to learn that the Authorities fed the
flames of the Hall fire in Exeter College with a
copy of the hook on the 27th of February. It was
done with due solemnity — Dr. Sewell officiating.
The late Mr. Froude has been much
blamed for his want of accuracy as an
editor, but his critics are sometimes quite
as bad with less excuse, as witness the
following curious example. In vol. Hi. of
• Chambers's Cyclopaedia of English Litera-
ture,' pp. 502-3, Mr. P. Hume Brown writes
thus : —
" To take but one example of his [Froude's] negli-
gence— surely Froude should have laid his hand on
his heart when he made Carlyle speak of his friend
Sir Henry Taylor's morbid ranity, when the words
he actually wrote were marked veracity."
Now I find, on referring to Carlyle's ' Remi-
niscences,' vol. ii. p. 312, that what Froude
printed was " morbid vivacity," not
"vanity." John Morgan.
1 itmuxi ©nssxp.
The centenary of Pitt's death, which
occurred last Tuesday, recalls the two
versions of his last words, the orthodox
dictum being, " 0 my country ! How I
leave my country ! " Lord Rosebery
mentions in an appendix to his ' Pitt ' the
"sardonic story" told by "Mr. Disraeli,
in the more genial and less majestic days
before 1874," to the effect that an old
House of Commons waiter was called up
in the night and told to dress and take
some pork pies to Pitt at Putney.
According to this venerable domestic,
" I think I could eat one of Bellamy's
pork pies" were the " ultima verba."
The happiest tribute to Pitt some may
still think Scott's in the introduction to
' Marmion.' Scott's two songs, written
some years later for the anniversary of his
hero's death, are now hardly remembered ;
but one of them, says Lockhart in the
' Life,' " has ever since, I believe, been
chaunted at that celebration." Scott
himself took a great interest in such meet-
ings. As late as 1821 he wrote : —
" Our late Pitt meeting amounted to about
800, a most tremendous multitude. I had
charge of a separate room, containing a
detachment of about 250, and gained a
headache of two days, by roaring to them
for fiyo or six hours almost incessantly,"
The question of speed in naval tactics
is discussed in the February Blackwood
by the author of ' A Retrograde Admiralty,'
under the title ' Lessons from the Battle of
Tsu Sima.' There is also a paper by the
Warden of Wadham on ' An Oxford
Trimmer,' which gives a sketch of a
former Warden, Dr. Wilkins, a brother-
in-law of Oliver Cromwell. ' To Equa-
toria ! ' by Dr. Andrew Balfour, of the
Gordon College, describes a voyage from
Khartoum to Central Africa ; and ' The
Physicians of the Western Isles ' gives a
curious account of a" family which prac-
tised medicine in the^ Hebrides by here-
ditary right. The number also contains
a hitherto unpublished humorous sketch
by William Carleton ; a poem by Mr.
Barry Pain ; and ' Scenes and Studies
from the Life of?Marshal Soult,' by" Col.
Hanbury Williams.
Dr. E. G. Hardy, Vice-Principal of
Jesus College, Oxford, is publishing
through Messrs. Sonnenschein a volume
of ' Studies in Roman History,' contain-
ing an elaborate treatment of the attitude
of the Roman Government towards Chris-
tianity, besides contributions to the
scientific study of Roman history. It is
to be hoped that the author's impaired
vision will not altogether preclude the
possibility of a successor to the volume.
Mr. Fisher Unwin will publish early in
the spring a story by Mrs. Archibald Little,
entitled ' A Millionaire's Courtship.' A
yachting cruise in the Far East forms its
groundwork, and, though the love interest
is predominant, there is much description
of Eastern scenery and manners.
Under the title ' Browning and Dogma'
Messrs. Bell will shortly publish a volume
by Miss Ethel M. Naish, containing seven
lectures delivered at Birmingham on
Browning's attitude to dogmatic religion,
as illustrated by 'Caliban upon Setebos,'
' Cleon,' ' Bishop Blougram's Apology,'
'Christmas Eve and Easter Day,' and 'La
Saisiaz.'
Prof. Walter Raleigh's essay on
' The English Voyages of the Sixteenth
Century,' which was originally issued in
their edition of Hakluyt's ' Principall
Navigations,' will be published next week
as a separate volume by Messrs. Mac-
Lehose & Sons. The essay has been
revised by Prof. Raleigh, and the volume
will contain as a frontispiece a photo-
gravure portrait of Queen Elizabeth.
Cambridge University could not have
a better representative on the side of
education than Dr. S. H. Butcher, who
headed the poll last week. He is an
excellent speaker and a humanist of wide
sympathies.
The death is announced, at Stirling on
Friday last week, of Mr. William Drysdale,
who did much to preserve the literary and
other antiquities of the ancient royal city
of bis birth. His ' Old Faces, Old' Places,
and Old Stories of Stirling ' (2 vols.,
1898-9) embody a vast amount of record
and reminiscence, valuable to the student
of social manners and customs.
The Senatus Academicus of the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh have appointed the
Rev. Prof. Flint, Emeritus Professor of
Divinity in the University, to be Gifford
Lecturer on Natural Theology from Octo-
ber, 1907, to October, 1909.
Mr. Alfred Henry Poultney, who
died last Thursday week in his sixtieth
year, retired from' the editorship of The
Birmingham Daily Post last October, a
position he had held since 1898. Pre-
viously he had edited The Somerset County
Herald, The Westminster Gazette, and The
Bristol Evening News.
Some interesting presentations were
made to the Advocates' Library, Edin-
burgh, during last year, including a col-
lection of papers relating to the Darien
expedition, presented by Col. Leven. Mr.
T. D. Wanliss presented James Boswell's
Consultation Book. The autograph in-
scription is as follows: " The Consultation
Book of James Boswell , Esq . , of Auchinleck,
Advocate, who put on the Gown 29th July,
1766. Written with his own hand." The
entries are for six years, during which the
fees earned amounted to 1,1 19| guineas.
Messrs. Archibald Constable & Co.
are taking on this month the publication
in this country of The Atlantic Monthly,
issued in Boston and New York by Messrs.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
Mr. W. M. Voynich's new catalogue
contains some books of exceptional rarity.
One of the most interesting is a copy of the
1494 edition (printed at Barcelona by
Pedro Posa) of the ' Consolat del Mar,'
the foundation of modern maritime law.
Only two other copies are known : one in
the Bibliotheque Nationale, and the other
in the University Library of Cagliari, in
Sardinia. Still more interesting to English
collectors are the two works from the
Oxford press of Joseph Barnes : Alfonso
J. de Valdes's ' Dialogo en que particular-
mente se tratan las cosas acaecidas in
Roma, el ano de 1527,' and ' Reglas
Gramaticales para aprender la Langua
Espanola y Fracesa.' Both works are
dated 1586 and bear a Paris imprint, but
Mr. Voynich produces strong evidence in
favour of their Oxford origin. Another
interesting English publication is a
fine copy of the very rare edition of
Boccaccio, 'The Modell of Wit, Mirth,
Eloquence, and Conversation,' printed by
Isaac Jaggard for Matthew Lownes, in
two volumes. This, the second, edition
is much rarer than the first. Under
Shakspeariana Mr. Voynich enumerates
over forty items, some of which are scarce.
Mr. Bodley's two lectures at the
Royal Institution on 'The Church in
France ' will be published in extensso in
The Guardian.
Lord Montagu of Beaulieu, editor
of The Car. has promised to preside at the
Readers' Dinner, which will be held at
the Trocadero on Saturday, March 3rd.
Capt. H. F. S. Amf.uy. of the Black
Watch, who is at present attached to the
Egyptian army, has in the press an
' English - Arabic Vocabulary for Sudan
Government Officials.'
110
THE AT II KN. KIWI
\" if is:;. Jan. f.'7. 1906
' Bvibymah's Library," the Rrs1 fifty
numbers of which Messrs. Denl & Co.
have in the press, i- a oomprehensive
scheme for providing good literature <>f
Jill sorts at a oheap price. Thus generally
stated the Boheme is not novel. Hut
"good literature" in such eases is gene-
rally restricted to books thai are, in
Transatlantic phrase " best sellers." We
are to have here such books as Kinlav's
fascinating ' Byzantine Empire ' ; ser-
mons by Latimer, edited by Canon
Beeohing : Speke's ' Source of the Nile ' ;
'The Golden Book of Coleridge,' edited
by Dr. Stopford Brooke ; Balzac's ' Wild
Ass's Skin,' edited by Prof. Saintsbury ;
and, later, versions of .Eschylus and
Euripides. Further, we are promised
carefully printed texts, brief indications
of the authors' main writings, and intro-
ductions by critics with claims to special
knowledge or distinction. The Library
is to include, inter alia, a course of
English history in fiction, children's
books and belles-lettres, as well as the
familiar classics. The firm's reputation
for good work assures us that cheapness
will not mean inferiority in production.
About February 15th there will appear
in Paris a new novel by M. Abel Hermant,
'Les Grands Bourgeois,' in which we shall
doubtless find gossip about well-known
living Frenchmen.
The Abbe Paul Sabatier has just pub-
lished a book ' A propos de la Separation
des Eglises et de l'Etat,' which is to be
had for the small sum of one franc from
the Librairie Fischbacher.
' De Sebastopol a Solferino,' by
" James de Chambrier," is a new book of
anecdote on the Court, the theatres, and
the life of Paris between 1855 and 1859,
from a pen which has already produced
two volumes of the kind.
The veteran writer and journalist
Henry Sutherland Edwards, whose death
is announced, is best known as a musical
critic, and is noticed by us in that section
of the paper. But he was also the
author of books on 'The Russians at
Home and Abroad' (1861 and 1879),
'Russian Projects against India' (1885),
and 'The Romanoffs' (1890). He wrote
on ' Old and New Paris ' in 1893-4. His
' Personal Recollections' (1900) are full of
interesting stories of men like Oxenford,
Douglas Jerrold, and G. H. Lewes ; and
he composed a ' Life of Sir William
White ' in 1902.
Last Tuesday the presentation to Mr.
Walter Wellsman of a testimonial to
celebrate the sixtieth year of his editor-
ship of Messrs. Mitchell's ' Press Guide '
was the occasion of a pleasant meet-
ing at De Keyser's Hotel. Sir W. P.
Treloar, an Alderman of the Ward which
includes Fleet Street, suitably occupied
the chair, and made the presentation.
Mr. Wellsman gave some interesting
details as to the paucity of newspapers
and magazines in 1846, when he was a boy.
At the meeting of the Board of Directors
of the Booksellers' Provident Institution
held on Thursday week last the sum of
961. was granted to fifty -four members and
widows of members.
Dr. Gustav Biokxll, whose death, in
his sixty-eighth year, is announced from
Vienna, was Oriental IV at the
University, and author of ' Grundrisa der
Eebraischen Grammatik,' ' Dichtungen
der Hebracr,' iV'c.
Among Parliamentary Papers, that
described as Board of Agriculture, Annual
Report on Grants for Agricultural Edu-
cation in 1904-5 [lid.), is of interest.
Cambridge figures in it, but not Oxford.
The report on school gardens has the
attraction of anew subject.
SCIENCE
Notes on the Life History of British Flower-
ing Plants. By Lord Avebury. (Mac-
millan & Co.)
Lord Avebury's many contributions to
the natural sciences have shown him to
entertain the keenest interest in several
of its branches, and to be a student gifted
with the power both of observation and
of expression. We might infer from past
experience of his writing that the present
volume would be no mere compilation of
facts culled from text-books, but that it
would exhibit the living personality and
original work of its author. Nor are we
disappointed, for within its pages are
various interesting results of personal ob-
servation, and, in many cases, refreshingly
untrammelled, if not entirely academic,
views of the structure and adaptations of
plants.
The aim of the book is excellent, and
we cannot but feel the strongest sympathy
with any attempt to give some account
of the many points of living interest to be
found in the flowering plants of our
country. As the author remarks in his
short preface, Floras generally confine
themselves to structural points of syste-
matic importance, and there is surpris-
ingly little literature, in a generally avail-
able form, relating to the many features
of more biological value occurring in our
flowering plants.
The volume is divided into two very
unequal sections, the first being an intro-
duction which gives the reader some
insight into the general principles which
govern plant structures, and this in a
manner which should prepare him to
appreciate the further details to be found
in the systematic section. With the help
of the glossary of scientific terms at the
beginning of the book, any reader, even
if he is unscientific, should be able to
follow this with pleasure and profit. As
it is planned for those who have not had
a complete scientific training, several
terms used in the text might with advan-
tage have been added to the glossary.
Such words, for example, as cotyledons,
mycelium, and many others would have
been more readily understood had they
been defined in the glossary, particularly
as such words as berry, bract, nectary, and
others equally simple find space within it.
Oui chief criticism concerning the o
of terms is that the wmd fertilization
which has been rejected
l>v modern botai I - inadequat
Throughout the Look insects and wind
are frequently spoken of bs "fertilizing*'
the flower. Fertilization is the union of
the sexual cells, and only the male cells
within the pollen grains can have this
eiTect on the female Organs of the flic.
so that in referring to insects or to the
wind BS the carriers of pollen from flower
to flower it would be better to use the
term "pollinating," as is done by St i
burger, Vines, and most careful botanists
of to-day,
The second section is devoted to notes
of varying length and interest about true
British species and some of the commonly
cultivated ones. In many cases tl
are fresh and valuable, and bring together
facts from a number of sources out of the
reach of the ordinary reader, adding to
them original remarks and observations
of considerable importance. But appa-
rently the desire to say something about
all the plants has led the author to make
many bald entries of the following cha-
racter : —
" Simetliis bicolor. — The filaments of the
stamens are very woolly. It occurs in
Britain onlv near Bournemouth, and in a
locality in Kerry, Ireland." — P. 422.
" Polyqonatum verticillatiim . — A very rare
British plant, onlv found in woods in North-
umberland and Perth."— P. 423.
Such entries as these do not add an iota
to the accounts given in the usual Floras,
and it would have been far better to save
the space they occupy, or to utilize it for
the expansion of entries where the account
of the original work of the author might
have been given at greater length. Fre-
quently also we feel a great lack of a sense
of proportion, both in the points on which
stress is laid and in the amount of space
allotted to different plants. Although
five pages are devoted to the little wood-
sorrel, three lines alone are devoted to
the marram grass, which equals it in
biological interest on account of its well-
developed xerophytic adaptations, and is,
in addition, one of the principal natural
defences of our coasts against the inroads
of the sea.
In the group of Conifera? the larch
receives no recognition, which is surpris-
ing when mention is made of the spruce.
The larch has been long planted in many
parts <>f England, and is one of our most
beautiful trees. If it had been remem-
bered, it might have saved the author
from making the misstatement (p. 382)
about Conifers as a whole that " they are
all evergreen." for the larch is a noted
exception, losing its green leaves every
autumn.
The book is well illustrated with many
drawings - some original, and others bor-
rowed from recognized scientific sources.
A few. however, are not up to the high
standard of the rest. For example, fig. 87
is an exceedingly inaccurate representation
of the bean embryo, as neither the shape
nor the relations of the parts are shown
correctly ; while figs. 26 and 27 would.
N° 4083, Jan. 27, i906
THE ATHE^^UM
111
hardly be accepted from a young stu-
dent.
In any book the index is of considerable
importance, but in a scientific work such
as the present, which should be constantly
referred to if it proves itself of value, the
index is a vital point. We regret that in
this case it is exceedingly defective. In
relatively few cases do the English names
of plants occurring in the text appear in
the index. For example, the daisy is
entered once, but the buttercup is not
included, nor are the violet, bluebell, pine,
bean, and very many others, although we
find that the anemone, ash, blackberry,
cabbage, &c, are mentioned. It looks as
if chance alone had regulated the choice
of plants for the index. Many important
subjects are left out altogether, such as
bees, evergreens, forests, fertihzation,
seedlings, and so on. Except in five
instances each subject given in the index
has but one reference appended, although
the subject may be referred to, and even
figured, several times in the text, as in
the case of the lime, to quote one example
from many. This defect is still more serious
when it concerns a scientific name, such as
Ranunculus, covering many species which
are known by different common names,
not any of which are supplied.
Although we have had to criticize the
book adversely in some respects, it should
appeal to field botanists and those who
" hunt flowers " with a Elora and a
vasculum. It is written in a popular
style, and the arrangement of the syste-
matic part, which follows Bentham's
Flora, should greatly facilitate the use of
the two books together. Lord Avebury's
work will certainly open a wide field of
interest to many who are too readily
content to name a plant and have done
with it.
SOCIETIES.
Astronomical. —Jan. 12. — Mr. W. H. Maw,
President, in the chair. — The Astronomer Royal
exhibited a photograph of comet c, 100.5, taken at
the Royal Observatory on .January 8th. The
photograph showed a bright nucleus and a faint,
straight, divided tail extending two degrees from
the nucleus : the comet is now too near the sun for
observation. — A paper was read by Prof. E. E.
Barnard on ' The Ring Nebula in Lyra.' A long
series of measures of the stars associated with the
nebula showed that the central star lias neither
parallax nor proper motion. — The Astronomer
Royal communicated a paper on the mean areas
and heliographic latitudes of sunspots in L904,
deduced from photographs. — Prof. Turner showed
specimens of photographic reproductions of reseaux
tor stellar photography made by M. 11. Bourget. —
Mr. Maunder described a report on observations of
Jupiter in 1904-.") made at Trincomali, Ceylon, by
Major Molesworth. He specially called attention
to the motion of the south tropical dark area,
which moved across the bay of the great red spot
in the summer of 1904 with remarkable velocity.
The same phenomenon had been observed in HID.!.
Mi. Lewis presented the Rev. T. E. Espin's
measures of double stars. I'rof. Turner drew
attention to the action of the wood of dark slides
upon exposed photographic plates. The plates in
question were negatives of the late solar eclipse
taken at Aswan, Egypt, by Mr. J. II. Reynolds,
and they were spoilt by the strong impression of
the grain of the Wood of t In- dark slides in which
they were placed. Other slides exposed t., the
same temperature had produced no suoh effect, the
real cause of which \\a, very obscure. Mr. W.
Coodaere read a paper on lunar nomenclature,
supporting Mr. Saunder's proposal for a revision of
the present system. — The Astronomer Royal
described the recent measures of the lunar Crater
Mosting A made at the Royal Observatory.
Geological. — Jan. 10. — Dr. J. E. Marr, Presi-
dent, in the chair. — Mr. S. E. Thomas and
Mr. Bristow J. Tully were elected Fellows. — The
following communications were read : ' The Clay-
with-Fhnts : its Origin and Distribution,' by
Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne, — and ' On Footprints
from the Permian of Mansfield, Nottinghamshire,'
by Mr. G. Hickling.
Bkitish Archaeological Association. — Jan. 17.
— Mr. R. H. Forster, Hon. Treasurer, in the chair.
— Dr. Winstone exhibited two rushlight stands
brought from Llandiloes, in Wales, inserted in
massive blocks of oak and in perfect condition.
— Mr. Gould, in explaining how the rushes were
applied and burnt in order to produce the most
light and to collect the falling tallow for reuse,
said these rushlight stands were of a similar type
to those occasionally found in Essex. — The Chair-
man exhibited a coin of Carausius, dredged up in
Putney Reach with many other coins, which
unfortunately were lost, together with the dredger,
almost immediately afterwards, and could not be
recovered. This coin is of somewhat rare type
among the vast number of coins of Carausius found
in England. It is nearly identical with Cohen's
No. "217, Carausius. — Mrs. Collier read a paper on
'St. Clether's Chapel and Holy Wells.' The sub-
merged ruins of a well and other buildings had
long been known to exist upon the slope of a hill
in the neighbourhood of St. Clether's Church, in
the limy valley, Cornwall ; but it was not until
1897 that steps were taken to unearth them (with
the consent of the owner of the land) by the Rev.
S. Baring-Gould. The work was not easy, as the
ruins lay in a swamp, and the water had to be
drained off and diverted before excavations could
be undertaken. The first discovery was that of
the upper holy well, which received, and still
receives, its water from a spring higher up the hill,
which may have been a pagan well consecrated to
Christian uses by St. Clether. Here were found
stone jambs in position ; an arch, but broken ; and
sufficient of the walls to enable the size and outline
to be obtained. The trough beneath, cut out of
granite, was found in perfect condition. A few-
feet lower down the slope other portions of walls
were visible, which on being cleared of the earth,
under the supervision of the Rev. A. H. Malan,
proved to be the remains of the chapel or oratory
of St. Clether. Four feet of the height of the east
wall was found, with the altar-slab in position,
still resting on four upright stones and fixed with-
out mortar. Close to the north-east corner of the
east wall a small recess was disclosed, and another,
but larger, at the south end of the altar in the same
wall. At the south-east corner a slab of granite,
resting on a set-oft', remained in position. The
most interesting feature of the exploration is that
the water from the upper well was conducted in a
channel through the north wall, flowing under the
base of the altar, and emptying itself, through the
south wall, into a lower well hollowed out on the
outside of the building. This was proved by clear-
ing the passage with rods, when the water came
running swiftly through the conduit, and docs so
still, as it did centuries ago. The building inter
nally measures Pitt. 1 in. by lift. 4 in., with a
door on the north and another on the west. The
upper well is not square with the chapel, but is
situated 7ft. from the northeast angle. Concern-
ing the date of tile upper Well discovered by
St. Clether there can only be conjecture, but
sufficient architectural remains of the chapel were
met wit h to show it to be a building of the fifteenth
Century. Il has been very carefully restored
through the liberality of Mr. Spry, of \Vit herdon,
the owner of the land, Mr. Baring-Gould, and
others. The paper was illustrated by sketches
;iinl photographs. A paper by Dr. Russell Forbes,
of Rome, on 'The Curtian bake,' was read by the
Chairman. The natural condition of the forum,
situated in the valley between the Palatine and
Capitol lull , w.i a boggy hollow. Ii was
called the Curtian bake from a leader oi the
Sabines getting mired in it in the war with
I : omul us, and although it was afterwards drained,
it retained the name. A small part was con-
secrated to the memory of Mettius Curtius, near
the centre of the Forum, represented in the present
day by a shallow brick basin 16 ft. from east to
west by lo^ft. from north to south, and 2\ ft.
below the present level. It is over the north end
of the fourth or eastern underground corridor of
Caesar, and one-third down the south side of the
Basilica .Emilia. A vase, some fragments of
pottery, and sacrificial bones were found within it,
and remain on the spot. The incident of Curtius
floundering in the marsh is commemorated in a
relief of peperino stone now on the staircase of the
Palazzo dei Conservatori, found in 15.53 near the
column of Phocas. This spot, the Curtian Lake,
was believed to have been struck by lightning, and
was enclosed by Caius Curtius, Consul, with the
sanction of the Senate, B.C. 443. An altar was
built there, the remains of which were discovered
in the Forum, between the column of Phocas and
Domitian's pedestal, on April loth, 1904. It is
related bj' Procilius that, B.C. 360, the earth
opened in that place, and the auspices being con-
sulted by direction of the Senate, the response of
the god demanded a sacrifice to the manes. Then
a certain Curtius (Marcus Quintus Curtius), a
valiant man, armed and mounted on horseback,
threw himself into the chasm, when the earth
closed up, burying his body divinely. Dr. Russell
Forties asks, "Is the story of Marcus Curtius a
poetical legend of self-sacrifice, founded on the
story of Mettius Curtius ? or did the Forum open
in an earthquake, and did Marcus Curtius immo-
late himself?" "If he plunged into the chasm
the remains of Curtius and his horse are existing,
and will assuredly see the light of another day in
the course of further explorations. If they are not
found, then the story is but a poetical legend." —
The Chairman, Mr. Gould, Mr. Kershaw, and
others took part in the discussion which followed.
Royal Numismatic. — Jan. 18. — Sir John Evans,
President, in the chair. — Mr. J. Robinson McClean
and Mr. C. Sawyer were elected Fellows. — Miss H.
Farcpihar exhibited and described a half-crown of
Charles I. with the mint-mark a horizontal anchor
on the obverse and a triangle on the reverse, and
with the square garnished shield for type. This
design was evidently copied from Briot's half-
crown, but the mint-mark on the reverse changed
from an anchor to a triangle. — Mr. P. Webb
exhibited some forgeries of Roman imperial coins ;
and Mr. F. A. Walters a "second brass" of Manlia
Scantilla, wife of the Roman emperor Didius
Julianus, with type of reverse Juno and peacock,
and also a "large brass" of Valerian with "Fides
Militum" struck on a large flan. — Lady Evans
read a paper on ' Hairdressing of Roman Ladies.'
Having referred to the Latin writers who had
mentioned the subject of female dress, especially
Ovid, who said that it would be easier to number
the leaves on an oak-tree than to enumerate the
variety of hairdressing, Lady Evans gave an
interesting chronological description of the modes
of arranging the hair, showing how the simple
knot at the back of the head of the republican
period quickly developed into the curlings and
crimpings of early imperial times. The elaborate
fashions of dressing the hair do not appear to have
continued after the second century, from which
time more simple forms were again adopted, The
paper was illustrated by a large series of photo-
graphs from coins, extending from the period of
the republic to the end of the fifth century a.i>.
Entomological, Juu. 17. Annual Meeting. —
Mr. 1''. Merritield, President, read an address on
'The General Operation of Temperature on the
(bowing Organism of Lepidopterous Insects,' based
on a series ot experiments, especially with reference
to the remarkable limitations imposed by climatic
and artificial conditions. The Report showed that,
for the tirsl tunc in the- history ol the Society, the
number of ordinary Fellows had i cached five
hundred. The officers and Counoil Were elected
for the session 1906-7, as follows: President,
Mr. F. Merrifield; //mi. Treasurer, Mr. A. II.
.lone.; Ilmi. Si iv. In rii 8, Mr. H. Ibiw lam I Hrow n
and Commander J. J. Walker; Librarian,
Mr. G. ( '. Champion ; other Members of tin Council,
Mr. <b .1. Arrow. Mr. A. J. Chitty, Mi. .1. K.
Collin, Hi. I'. A. Dixey, Mr. II. Goes, Mr. W. J.
Ka\e, Mr. II. .1. Lucas. IVof. K. B. Poulton,
Mr. L I?. IVout, Mr. E. Saunders, Mr. lb s.
Standen, and Mr. 0. O. Waterhouse,
112
THE A Til KX/TCUM
\ 1083, Jan. -!7. 1!",.;
Histobii m. Jan. Ift R" *. W. Hunt, Pre-
sident, m t!i«- ohair. The following were elected
Fellowi : Mi-. Banks, Mi <utli.ll, the Berl ol
[loheeter, and Me—n. J. V. Abbott, G. A. Greene,
I Korairwky, and R. J. A. Bhelley. A P*P°'
«rai read by Mr. Peroj Aahlej on 'The Btudj oi
Nineteenth-Century History.' A discussion fol-
lowed, in whioh the Preaident, Mr. Hall. Mr.
Oscar Browning, Mr. Foster Palmar, and others
took part.
II, i mm,. Jan. 16. Prof. Percy Gardner in
the ohair.- The Chairman, the newly eleoted
Preaident of the Sooiety, delivered an eloquent and
striking address to the memory of his predeoeaaor,
Sir Richard Jebb. Prof. W. C. P. Anderson read
a paper on Greek and Roman ships with mul-
tiple l>anks of oars. Theproblemoi thearrange-
niciit of oars in the Greek warship is old, and was
first discussed in the sixteenth century. Practical
seamen held that the warships of the ancients were
similar to those of their Own day a view which
was never accepted by scholars. For the last two
centuries it has been generally agreed that Soaliger
and Palmerius had proved that the hanks or
benches were superposed, giving horizontal rows of
cars. There has, however, been much difference
of opinion as to the way in which this was d, me.
Mr. Tarn's attempt to revive Bayfield's theory that
the thranite, zugite, and thalamite were squads
rowing in the stern, in the middle, and the bows is
not justified hy the passages he quotes, and can
only succeed if' we admit that dvw means "aft,"
and' Kara), "forward." Similarly his explanation
of tfirporof and rpiVporof as referring to these
squads is not home out by their use in classical
authors. The literary evidence, both (deck and
Latin, cannot be reconciled with the theory that
the oars were all on the same level. The monu-
mental evidence is also equally clear, although few
representations show more than two hanks. The
linguistic evidence is also strong, as the terms
"thranite," &c, have a natural meaning if the
hanks are superposed. Further, the Byzantine
dromoua had two rows of hanks, one above the
other ; and the Venetian galley, with several oars
to one port, was an attempt to secure a lower free-
board without loss of power. The sixteenth-
century galley, with long sweeps and five to seven
men pulling each, was intended to provide a gun
platform. It was not a new invention, but merely
the conversion of a lighter or barge into a warship,
as the additional weight made the use of short oars
less effective. The objections to the accepted
theory have always been the length of oars in the
upper banks ; but the use of long oars on vessels
with a high freeboard was shown in the tapestry in
the old House of Lords, where two Spanish men-of-
war were depicted using sweeps from their upper
deck. Even in the fifties of last century 10-gun brigs,
such as Darwin's Beagle, were aided by sweeps
when chasing slavers. A parallel to Greek and
Roman ships is to be found in Burmese vessels,
which are very like them in structure, and repre-
sent about the same stage of development.— The
paper was illustrated, and a photograph of the
Cataphract on the Ulubad relief was shown for the
first time. — In the discussion which followed Mr.
S. H. Butcher, Mr. Cecil Smith, Dr. Edmond
Wane, and Mr. A. B. Cook took part. Mr. Cook
showed a model (built by Messrs. Swan, Hunter
& Richardson) of part, of an ancient trireme in
elucidation of his views.
T, u.
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
infinite of Actuaries r>.— 'The Variations in Masculinity
under Different Conditions/ Messrs. J. N. and C. J. Lewis.
London institution, 6.—' A walk through Westminster,' Canon
lilTlllMIII.
Surveyors' institution, 8.— The Valuation of Machinery for
the Purposes oi Rating,' .Mr. !•'. Marshall.
Geographical, s.:ifl.— 'The Geographical Functions ol oertain
u ater Plants in Chile.' Prof. Q. V. Boott Elliot.
Royal institution, •">. -' Impressions of Travel in China and tin-
Far Bast,' Lecture III., Prof. E, II. Parker.
— Bngtirti Uoethe, 8 '■'. I'. Eokermann, Prof. J. <J Robertson,
— Faraday B 'The Electric Furnace; its Origin, Transforma-
tions, and Applications,' Part III.. Mr. A. Minet i ' Mote on
i be Production of Ozone by Electrolysis of Alkali Fluoi ides,
\ii E. It. K. Prideaux.
— Institution ol Olvil Engineers, 8. -'The Railway Gauges oi
India.' Mr. V. It. tTpcott.
— Society of Arts, 8.— The Chemistry oi the Painters Palette,
Prof J. M. Thomson.
w,i, Bocietyoi Irts, 8. 'The Garden City and the Cheap Cottage,
Mr. T. Adams.
— Dante, B.30.— 'Overbook and the German Pre-Raphaelitea,
i lounl Plunketti.
Turns. Royal, 4.30.
_ Knval Institution, :>. -'The Siunim-anee of the Future in the
Th v of Evolution,' Lecture I.. Mr. It Ki,l,l.
_ London Institution, 8. 'The Microscopic Plants of our Waters
and their Part in the World s Economy. Mr. F. B, Frits, h.
— Linnean, m. - 'I'll,' Percy Sladen Expedition to the Indian
Oi;eau,' Mr. J. Stanley Ganiiner.
Mnrrj with
III
I", ..I > I llolUllMUl ,llo«
_ I lii l(. lation l«i
ll (on. Ill,, lion : l',il I Tin ' lieuileal Ittsi
i, ,ni ,,i ii,, i ubunyl Group, Mi un A W -'■
i . i I i ilj . I • ighl oil,, i papers
_ K» let) oi Vntl«|ii ery ol \imln -
Antiiiu \h i 11 i
I' , 1 1 ..i in IngloH i. .oii.l at Pershore In 177V,
\l, , It I'
I'm. '
ihi •
— Philological, - Paper In Mi u II Stevenson
_ Royal Institution, 9 'The Bleotrli Production ol N
i i Hi. ttuuMphere, Prol 8 P Thompson
s,. Royal Institution. 3 Advances in Mici py, Lectur I
Mi .1 u Gordon.
fbmxitt (Gossip.
Among Parliamentary Papers *we oote
another report on fisheries : — Hoard of
Agriculturo and Fisheries, Annual Report
nt Proceedings under Acts relating to Sea
Fisheries, for 1904 (Id.). There is contained
in the volume much statistical information
as to sea-fish caught in Northern and
Western Europe.
Mb. J. H. Metcalf, of Taunton, Mass.,
observed a small planet, which is probably
a new discovery, with his 12-inch portrait
lens on the night of the 24th ult. Besides
the one announced last week as having been
detected by Prof. Max Wolf at the Konig-
stuhl Observatory, Heidelberg, on the 27th,
another was registered there by Herr Kopff
on the same night.
An extended ^ephemeris of ^Giacobini's
comet (c, 1905, and I., 1906) has been pub-
lished, from elements calculated by himself,
by Herr Wedemayer, of Schlachtensee,
near Potsdam. After this week it will be
receding (from the earth as well as the sun,
so that its /visibility to the naked eye in
the evening" will not last long. 4It will
attain its greatest southern declination
(nearly ..26°) to-morrow, and 4will after-
wards move in a north-easterly direction,
passing from the constellation Capricornus
into Aquarius.
FINE ARTS
MILLET DRAWINGS AT THE
LEICESTER GALLERIES.
One hundred Millet drawings from the
famous collection of the late Mr. Staats
Forbes are now to be seen at the Leicester
Galleries. It is an exhibition by no means
to be missed ; for Millet's work is all too
rarely seen in England. There seems little
likelihood at present of the nation's acquir-
ing one of his oil pictures to supplement the
few examples in tiie lonides collection. We
can only hope that some of the drawings
will be secured while there is yet time.
Millet at his best holds his own with the
greatest draughtsmen of the world. But
he is unequal. He has that quality which
for want of another word we call creativeness
— the quality we associate pre-eminently
with Michelangelo. To come among a
collection of his drawings is to feel stimulated
at once as if by actual contact with an energy
abounding, yet controlled. He is the more
impressive that he never seeks to impress.
Like all creative natures, he has a strong
sense of rhythm, and a genius for discovering
the latent rhythm in natural gesture. This
gift is magnificently seen in La Tondeuse
(No. 31), to name one among the finest
studies in this exhibition. The groups of
studies for Les Glancuses and for Les La run -
dieres show the artist searching for this
rhythm not merely in the pose and action
of a single figure, but also in the relation
of figures to each other. ATo seize this
latent rhythm, yet not to cheapen its beauty
by forcing or ^sophisticating the BX]
,,i \\ Hi.- and academic painten are
,|,t to do this is the problem which
.Mill, i at In- best triumphantly solves.
When he fails, ■
th,- more elaborate studies such as Les
Vignerona (59). hike Michelangelo, Millet
not at home with detail ; and wfal :
subject required act and more or
elaboration, a hint of self-conscioueneei
and worry betrays itself in his execution,
.-.mi. tin. v<n a sort of tameness.
We feel that the pastel version of the famous
Angelus (82) is not so impre it ought
to be. The question ol colour here was an
additional problem, and the colou out
of relation with the mood of the picture.
Too much has been written of Millet as the
interpreter of peasant life. It is true he did
interpret it as no one else has done, entirely
from the inside as he saw it. But it was
certainly not a preoccupation with peasants
as a social class that drew him to his subj.
it was the discovery that among the labour-
ing figures in the fields, with their world-old
occupations and gestures at once traditional
and spontaneous, with the simple and un-
fretted lines of their dress and broad types
of feature, there was the stuff for the heroes
and Titans of his dreams. How Greek is
his Vanneur (13), whose basket looks like
a buckler, and whose gaiters look like
greaves ! Millet's men and women have the
power and virtue that real peasants have
in never having lost intimate contact with
primitive earth. His landscape backgrounds
are of a piece with his figures ; the one is
never put in for the sake of the other. Among
the landscape studies we may note how in
dealing with broken forms, as in Le Hameau
de Gruchy (42), he is puzzled and compara-
tively unsuccessful ; whereas from the barest
and simplest elements, scarcely more than
an horizon, as in tltude, a Barbizon (30), he
evokes a vision that, with all its slightness,
has significance and suggestions of grandeur
— something akin to the power we feel in
that line of Virgil's in which Millet himself
found such charm : —
Majoresqne cadont alti* de montflms urubne.
THE ROKEBY VELASQUEZ.
It is with the greatest possible pleasure
that we have received from the secretary
of the National Art Collections Fund a state-
ment to the effect that only three thousand
pounds more have to be raised to complete
thespufchasetof this masterpiece for the
nation, and that Mr. Lockett Agnew has
generously allowed ample time for the col-
lection of this sum. No pains must be
spared to make good this small deficit, and
we can hardly doubt that after so much has
been done by the generosity of private donors
the public-spirited appeal of the Fund will
meet with a fitting response.
We have expressed before our conviction
not only that this is one of Velasquez's
finest works, but also that it counts among
the greatest masterpieces in this country.
There are, indeed, few renderings of the nude
in painting that can be compared with this,
and scarcely any .that can be said definitely
to surpass it. It" cannot, we fear, be denied
that, had this picture been placed on the
market under the ordinary conditions of
picture-dealing, it would probably have left
the country by now ; it is impossible, there-
fore, to be too grateful to the energetic
secretaries of the National Art Collections
Fund, or to the patriotic forbearance of
the present owner, by whose united efforts
we may yet hope to 'see the Venus placed
on the walls of the National Gallery.
N°4083, Jan. 27, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
113
THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ROME.
The first open meeting of the British
School at Rome took place at the School
on Thursday, January 4th, and was well
attended, among those present being the
British Ambassador, the Swedish Minister,
Profs. Korte and Hulsen (first and second
secretaries of the German Institute), and
other foreign scholars, and also many
British residents in Rome.
The first paper was read by the Assistant
Director (Dr. T. Ashby, jun.), upon the
subject of ' Sixteenth - Century Engravings
illustrative of Classical Sculpture.' He
began by remarking upon the special import-
ance of the subject in view of the fact that
the School has recently entered upon the
preparation of a scientific catalogue of the
museums of sculpture belonging to the
municipality of Rome — the two museums
on the Capitol and the Magazzino Archeo-
logico, near the Arch of Constantine.
Although in the majority of sixteenth-
century engravings, as in other works of
art of the period, the influence of the antique
is general rather than direct, and accurate
representation of existing sculptures is not
so frequent as at first sight it seems to be,
in certain cases something may be learnt
from them ; and, besides, a certain number
of representations of famous statues appear
among the works of Marcantonio Raimondi
and his school. The Laocoon group is a
fair example, and a comparison of the
original engraving by Marco Dente with
the close copies of it made by Nicolas
Beatrizet shows the gradual progress of the
restorations to which it was subjected.
Many plates of this nature found their
way into the ' Speculum Romanae Magni-
ficentise,' a collection of engravings of
Roman antiquities and also of contemporary
buildings, published by Antoine Lafrery,
of Salins in the Jura, whose activity in Rome
may be traced from 1544 to 1575. The
first collection of engravings exclusively
relating to sculpture appeared before 1570
(' Antiquarum Statuarum Urbis Romae Liber
Primus ') ; the 52 plates are from the hand
of Joannes Baptista de Cavalleriis, and deal
with a few of the more important collections
only. As works of art they are far inferior
to the plates of the ' Speculum,' but they are
not mere copies of these. An enlarged work
of 100 plates (Books I. and II.) appeared
before 1578, among the most noteworthy
additions to which rank the plates relating
to the Vatican sculptures, which during the
reign of Pius V. had been virtually inac-
cessible ; and in 1595 100 more plates of
very inferior execution were issued as
Books III. and IV. In the interval an
album of 75 plates had been issued by
Lorenzo della Vaccaria in 1584 : this work
shows, however, less original study. Two
collections of busts — those of Achilles Statius
(1569) and Fulvius Ursinus (1570) — were
published by Lafrery, and are also of con-
siderable importance.
Mr. Ashby then gave a short description
of the famous woodblock plan of Venice of
1500, a copy of which he exhibited. It is in
six sheets and covers a total area of 10 feet by
5 feet, and is perhaps the finest work of the
kind in existence. Tt is intermediate be-
tween a plan and a bird's-eye view, and the
fullness and accuracy of detail are remark-
able— especially when we remember that
the first known woodblock view of Rome,
which is less than six inches square, dates
from only ten years earlier, and that none
of the sixteenth-century panoramas of Rome
approaches it in beauty of execution. The
authorship of it is unknown, though often
attributed to Jacopo de' Barbari.
The second paper was read by Mr. A. J. B.
Wace, Librarian of the School, and Fellow
of Pembroke College, Cambridge. He dis-
cussed the provenance of some reliefs which
were, in the sixteenth century, in the Palazzo
dei Conservatori, and were drawn by several
artists of that period, including Panvinius
and Pierre Jacques of Reims. Only two
of these reliefs are now in existence : in
the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
they were in the Borghese collection, and
thence passed to the Louvre. One shows
an extispidum before the Temple of Jupiter
Capitolinus, the representation of the
pediment of this temple having been broken
off since the sixteenth century, inasmuch
as it figures in the drawings referred to ;
and the other — clearly of later style — the
sacrifice of two bulls. Mr. Wace proved,
by reference to a sketch by Antonio da
San Gallo the younger, who exactly describes
the lost pediment, that the first relief was
found in Trajan's Forum in 1540 ; and from
a passage of Flaminio Vacca, who mentions
the excavation of many fragments of tri-
umphal reliefs, including one representing
a Dacian swimming a river on horseback
(which is now in the Villa Medici), he con-
jectured that all formed part of the decora-
tion of Trajan's Forum. The extispicium
scene probably represents the nuncitpatio
votorum before Trajan set out on his Dacian
campaign, and is Trajanic in style ; while
the sacrificial scene, together with the frag-
ments drawn by Panvinius, represents a
triumph which is probably the Parthian
triumph of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius
Verus in 166. From these and other indica-
tions he concluded that Trajan's Forum was
not finished until the reign of Hadrian
(which is, indeed, by no means improbable),
and that its decoration was continued under
the Antonine emperors.
All these reliefs probably formed part of
the collection of Prospero Boccapaduli, who
was, from 1555 onwards, in charge of the
building of the Palazzo dei Conservatori,
and this explains their presence there.
Perhaps his collection was sold after his
death in 1585 ; this would explain the
dispersal of the reliefs. Vacca mentions
that those which he saw were in Bocca-
paduli's possession.
Prof. Hulsen added a few words empha-
sizing the importance of this discovery,
especially as regards the architecture of
Trajan's Forum.
THE TURNERS AT THE
" OLD MASTERS."
In the present exhibition of " Old Masters"
at Burlington House there are five oil pic-
tures attributed to Turner. Of these, three
are wrongly described, and a fourth is of
more than doubtful authenticity. I will
take them seriatim : — •
No. 28, ' Venus and Adonis.' — This pic-
ture was in the H.A. of 1849. But it was
painted much earlier, probably before 1810.
No. 56, ' Rouen.' — In the style of a Turner
of about 1840. But surely not by him.
No. 60, Sir Donald Currie's ' Venice ' is
described as " on the Grand Canal " ! This
picture was in the H.A. exhibition of 1841
under the title of ' Giudecca, la Donna della
Salute and San Giorgio.' This is the view
that would be had on approaching Venice
from Fusina, just before entering the Canal
of the Giudecca; we have the Redentore
Church to the right; S. Giorgio in front,
and S. Marc's to t he left.
No. 77. 'The Pilot Boat.' From Karnley.
This is doubtless the ' Fishermen hailing a
Whitestable Hoy' that was in Turner's
studio in 1809. The word " Whitestable "
I is to be read on the sails of the hoy. The
j picture is signed " J. M. W. Turner, R.A."
No. 83, the Duke of Northumberland's
' Classical Composition.' — This is the pic-
ture exhibited in the R.A. of 1816 (and pro-
bably also in the British Institution of the
next year). I abridge Turner's description :
" Temple of Jupiter Panhellenius in the
Island of ^Egina, with the Greek national
dance of the Romaika. The Acropolis
[view of Athens, over sea to left] in the dis-
tance. Painted from a sketch taken by
H. Gaily Knight in 1810." In the same
year Turner exhibited another view with the
temple restored and classical figures. This
last picture is well known from the engraving
of John Pye, but it cannot now be traced.
I add a few notes on the Turner drawings
in the Water-Colour Room.
No. 203, ' Val D'Aosta.'— This drawing is
signed and dated 1813. The date is impor-
tant on stylistic grounds.
No. 204, ' Powis Castle.' — A mere ghost
of a drawing ; from the Gillott collection.
The incident in the foreground of a man
aiming at a heron is described in the cata-
logue as "a man lying on the ground " !
Engraved by Willmore, 1836, for ' England
and Wales.'
No. 207, ' The Lake of Thun.'— From
Farnley. Compare 'Liber,' No. 3 (1808).
No. 209, the Farnley ' Bonneville.' —
" About 1820-25," says the catalogue. But
surely this date is at least ten years too
late. Compare ' Liber,' No. 64 (1816).
No. 218, Lord Armstrong's ' Lucerne.' —
This is a very late drawing of the Bay of Uri
from Brunnen. Notice the steamer below
the Seelisberg.
No. 219, ' Vevay and the Lake of Geneva/
— -Formerly in the Farnley collection. The
signature, in centre below, is partly covered
by the mount.
No. 220, ' Windermere.' — Also from Farn-
ley. Signed and dated 1821.
No. 236, ' Corfe Castle ' is banished to the
corner of a screen. This is the drawing
engraved by G. Cooke in 1814 for the ' South
Coast ' series.
The catalogues of the "Old Masters" are,
or rather might be, invaluable records for
future use. But at present the student
makes use of them with fear and trembling.
Edward Dillon.
PROPOSED GLASS EXHIBITION.
In consequence of the interest that has
of late years been aroused in the subject of
old English glass drinking vessels, it is pro-
posed to hold an exhibition in London in
the course of the present year. The con-
templated display is to includ ! the sparkling
vessels of tables and taverns — "society"
and "household" glasses — as well as the
degraded vessels of " Beer Street " and
"Gin Lane," in English "flint glass,"
i/hiss of lead, from the period of the Revolu-
tion, and throughout the Georgian era, or,
in other words, from the latter part of the
seventeenth century to about the middle
of the first quarter of the nineteenth.
Such are tin- glass vessels which, since tin1
decay of the old Venetian and the Altarist
industries, took the place of the artistio
and delicate vessels which graced the cabinets
of princes and artists when " tons les rois et
princes desiraient et affectaient avoir en
leur royaume cette science," and which
appear in many a masterpiece of still life
or joyous I hitch interior.
in the renascence of the industry another
style of glass vessel was evolved, suited
rather to the wants of all classes than to
the adornment of cabinets. In this revival
Ill
'I'll E AT ii i:\ .i:r m
N 1083, .1 .:. 1906
land i<",k ( he most impoi tanl
mil part, and the result* ol her arti tic
include not onlj the picturesque
r, lies ..I t he Slum i i »bite
glasses, Itut also an abundance ol historic
and patriotic vessels to which no country
can offer parallel ,
It is proposed thai 1 1 ■ « - glass vi
should !»■ arranged in 1 1 1 « ■ exhibition in
periods and groups, in accordance with the
classification Bel forth bj Mr. Alberl Eiarts
home in his aul horitat h <■ work ' < >l«l
English Glasses,' and thai there should be
a minor section of old examples of pictorial
and heraldic glass, painted, Btained, or
enamelled. Another group is to represenl
continental glasses, such as preceded 1 1 1< ■
revival ; and a modern Beet-ion is to show
the beel results of presenl English efforts.
Communications concerning the scheme
may !>«• addressed to Mr. Charles Edward
Jerningham, 9, North Terrace, Alexander
Square, S.W.
AX UNIDENTIFIED PICTURE.
::. Park Bill, Ealing, W.
I shall be grateful to any of your readers
who will assist to identity a picture in my
possession. In the centre stands Oliver
Cromwell, dressed in a crimson jerkin,
brown leather hoots whose tops come above
the knee, sloueh hat with large feather,
sword, &c. He has lilted, and is holding
open, the lid of a coffin, which rests upon
two high-hacked chairs upholstered in
crimson velvet. Within the coffin are the
bod}' and head of Charles I. The picture
measures 9 inches long by 1\ inches high,
and is painted on wood (oak). A well-
known expert — who suggests this reference
— is of opinion that it is not more than
150 years old. For the last 100 years it
has been in the possession of my family.
Before that it was the property of the
Revolution Society, a London political club
which originated in the reign of William III.
Is any picture with a similar subject known
to exist ? Frank Penny.
BALES.
Messrs. Christie sold on the 20fch inst. a picture
by B. J. Blommers, Going to meet the Fishing-
Boate, -KYH. : and a drawing by Sam Bough, Ulls-
water, 1367.
The same firm sold on the 22nd inst. a picture
by P. Nasmytb, A View near Tonbridge, with
cottages, pool, and peasants, 110/. ; and on
the 23rd the following etchings and engravings.
After Meissonier : 1806, by J. Jaoquet, 44/. ; 1SH7,
by the same, I'M. After Constable : Dedham Vale,
by I». Lucas, 4 1/. After Lawrence: Countess
Gower and Daughter, by 8. Cousins, -Jii/. After
Turner: Calais Pier, by T. Lupton, 31/. After
Gainsborough: Signora Bacclli, by .1. Jones, 30/.
After Fragonard : Lea Basards Heureus del'Escar-
polette, by De Launay, 17/.
Jfinr-iXrt (Gossip.
Yesterday was the press view at Messrs.
H. Graves & Co.'s Pall Mall Gallery of
water-colours by Early English masters.
Messrs. Dickinson invite us to a private
view to-day of water-colour drawings of
Biskra, the Desert, Poole Harbour, &c, by
Miss Sophia Beale, and portraits, pastorals,
and various sketches by M. Edouard van
Goethem.
At the Rowley Gallery, Silver Street,
South Kensington, a collection of works by
Prof. Rudolph Bellwag is on view until the
•end of February. Be is German in training,
but began to paint English scenes in 1899.
'I'm International >■ exhibition at
the New Gallery «ill clow i>> the iniddli
February, to make a*a\ for the mow
t ha1 of the 1 eel ion. In t his t he
collection of sculpture will l>e n,
while among the water-colours, pastels,
engravings, and drawings will be shown
large groups ol works bj Prof. Menzel,
Arnold Bocklin, Mas Klinger, Otto Grenier,
and other German artists. French and
American art will also be Btrongl;
sented.
The frontispiece of the February number
of The BwKngton Magaziru 1- s photo
gravure of 'The Letter' by Vermeer of
Delft, one of the two works of that painter
fomerly in the Secretan collection. The
first article, by Mr. Claude Phillips, deals
with the dramatic element in portraiture,
and is followed hy the second part of Sir
Richard Holmes's paper on Nicholas Billiard.
Mr. H. .1. Powell writes on 'The Picture
Windows at New College, Oxford.' and
suggests that they are the work of " Thomas
Clasier," the maker of the east window of
Winchester College Chapel, in which he is
depicted. Mr. Herbert Cook contributes an
article on ' Some Venetian Portraits in
English Possession'; Mr. James Wcale
writes on 'Simon Rinnink, Miniaturist,' who
was the father of Livina Binnink, Court
painter to Edward VI. ; and Mr. Lionel
Cust describes the relations between the
goldsmith John of Antwerp and Hans
Holbein. Some pictures recently acquired
by the Metropolitan Museum of New York
are published by Mr. C. J. Holmes ; and
Mr. A. G. B. Russell writes on a portrait by
Velasquez recently bequeathed to the Prado
by the late Duchess of Villahermosa, who
had refused an offer of 60,000Z. made for it
by an American dealer. The articles on
1 The Classification of Oriental Carpets ' are
concluded ; and in the American section
Mr. B. H. Hill publishes three Greek mirrors
recently acquired by the Boston Museum,
and Mr. C. FitzGerald writes on ' A Project
for the Advancement of Architecture.'
M. Harpignies has announced his inten-
tion of presenting the Luxembourg Museum
with a series of his own drawings, which
should be welcome. Until recently the
Luxembourg has been deficient in the
section of drawings by the great artists;
now, however, it contains some important
examples of Puvis de Chavannes and
Meissonier.
Among other articles The Antiquary for
February will contain the following: 'A
Human Sacrifice in Italy in 1841 ' (illus-
trated), condensed from the report of the
trial by Miss E. C. Vansittart ; ' Notes on
Faversham Abbey from Parishioners' Wills
proved at Canterbury,' by Mr. Arthur
Hussey ; the second part of ' Old Heraldic
Glass in Brasted Church,' by Dr. W. E.
Ball (illustrated); 'The Egyptian Hall,
Piccadilly, 1813-73,' an exhaustive history.
by Mr. Aleck Abrahams ; and an illustrated
appreciation of Mr. Bond's new work on
' Gothic Architect ure." by the Rev. Dr. Cox.
MUSIC
Queen's
Conart.
THE
Hall. -
WEEK.
- London
Symphony
Sir Charles V. Stanford's new Sym-
phony in E flat, " in honour of the life
work of a great artist : George Frederick
Watts," was performed for the first time,
at the fourth London Symphony Concert
.it Qui en Mall, on the 1 - under
the dm- tion of the < ompoaei 1
■ it painting and marie nave features in
common and frequently ten
longing tn the former are employed in
describing the latter. Again, the tym-
phonic poem hat largely taken the phv <• <«f
the old symphony, and the form
determined by the poetic basis, and in
son by a u nt ten programme.
Charles Stanford keepe to the old •
and to the usual symphonic form. I
analyst -Lite- that his work
programme thai it should be listened to
simply as inu-ic. There is certainly no
written programme for the public, bul
composer had one iii his mind whilst at
work, or rather a -cries of program!
notably two pictures, Love and I.
and 'Love and Death" by the artist in
whose honour the work has been written.
That is the right, the highest kind of
programme music. There harm,
however, in trying to trace the influence
of those pictures on the general chars
of the music ; there is no doubt, for
instance, that the phrase played by the
tragic trombones in the first movement
typifies Death; the composer. 1
offers a symphony, and not the modern
substitute for it.
One thing strikes us particularly in the
music : the absence of anything sensa-
tional or extravagant. Much modern
music produces an immediate effeot by
means of strange rhythms, strong colour-
ing, and striking contrasts : yet when one
comes to study the scores the actual
musical substance often proves to be very
slight. In the symphony under notice
all the interest created is produced by
natural, not artificial means. The work-
manship is sound, and there is organic de-
velopment ; the orchestral colouring, too,
is of the best. We must frankly say that the
impression produced on as was not
because, in spite of all the skill displayed,
the thematic material of the first and last
movements did not strike us as v. iv
original ; but possibly familiarity with the
work might modify our opinion. We listen
again and again to the symphonies of the
classical masters, and we find that each
fresh hearing seems to reveal new and
unexpected beauties. With our native
composers years may — do. in fact, in
many cases — elapse before a second hear-
ing of their works is granted. How, then,
can they be properly appreciated, properly
judged I The slow movement of
Charles's symphony seems to us the most
poetical, and the Scherzo the most piquant.
The performance was good, though the
composer did not display quite his usual
firmness and energy.
^tuciirnl (finssip.
On this, the 160th anniversary of Mosart's
birthday, it will not be amiss to name the
principal musical autographs of the com-
poses in the British Museum : they are not
numerous, but on that account are all the
more precious. The Berlin Library, among
other treasures, possesses the full scores of
1 Figaro 'and ' The Magic Flute,' also those of
N° 4083, Jan.
27, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
115
the^three great symphonies of 1787, in e flat,
<j minor, and c major (' Jupiter ') ; the Paris
Conservatoire, the score of ' Don Juan ' ;
and the Vienna Library, all that Mozart
wrote of the ' Requiem.' These works rank
among the most important which Mozart
bequeathed to the world. But if of less
importance, the autographs in the British
Museum are of great interest. There is
the anthem " God is our refuge," pre-
sented to the Museum by Mozart in 1765.
Then there is the Quintet in c minor
for strings, composed 1782 - 4 ; also the
Quartet in b flat, composed at Vienna in
1773. Further may be mentioned the score
of the Fugue in c minor for two pianofortes,
arranged for strings, and the Pianoforte
Duet in b flat, written in 1780. An inter-
esting document is a copy of the recitative
" Giunse alfin," and aria " Deh vieni,"
from ' Figaro,' used by Mozart when accom-
panying his wife ; while at the end there is
an autograph cadenza which he wrote out for
her. There is also a charming little Menu-
etto of sixteen bars, in Mozart's handwriting,
presented by his widow to Vincent Novello.
Mr. H. Sutherland Edwards, who died
last Sunday in his seventy-eighth year, was
the author of ' History of the Opera,' 2 vols.
(1862); 'Life of Rossini' (1869); 'The
Lyric Drama,' 2 vols. (1881); 'Rossini,'
for the "Great Musicians Series" (1881);
'Famous First Representations' (1887);
and ' The Prima Donna,' 2 vols. (1888). He
wrote musical criticisms in The Musical
World, The Pall Mall Gazette, and also in The
St. James's Gazette. The translation of the
libretto of Tschaikowsky's ' Eugene Oniegin,'
for the production of that work in 1892 at
the Olympic Theatre, under Mr. Henry J.
Wood, was the joint production of himself
and his wife. He was a well - informed,
genial writer, and as a man was much
respected by all who knew him. He was
kind-hearted, and always ready to give
information and assistance to his colleagues.
As a journalist his name is specially well
known ; he was war correspondent to The
Times during the Franco-German War.
We have more than once expressed regret
that a harpsichord is not used at the Sunder -
land-Thistleton concerts of old chamber
music. In the last programme it is stated
that " unfortunately Mr. Thistleton has
been unable to hire a suitable instrument."
The records of the Lord Chamberlain's
department, which have hitherto been little
explored, have lately been examined by
the Rev. Henry Cart for the purpose of com-
piling (for the use of students of musical
history) a calendar to the entries which
bear on music and musicians. Mr. Cart has
•so far noted the documents down to the
close of the seventeenth century.
Mrs. Elizabeth Bacon (nee Poole), who
died at Langley, Buckinghamshire, on the
15th inst., at the advanced age of eighty-
six, had formerly a rich, sympathetic
soprano voice. She made her debut in
opera at Drury Lane in 1834, visited America
in 1839, and two years later was engaged by
Bunn for his English operas at Drury Lane.
We announced in The Athenazum of the
13th inst. the death of Gabrielle Krauss,
and in Le Menestrel of the 14th there is an
account of the funeral ceremony at St.
Philippe du Roule, Paris, and of the speeches
delivered at the grave in the Montparnasse
cemetery. The A llgemeine Musik-Zeitung of
the 19th inst., however, states that the re| « >i i
of the artist's recent death is cither an error
or a " mystification," and adds : " Gabrielle
Krauss died at Paris, October, 1903 " ! And
as a matter of fact her death was thua
prematurely announced in the A.M.Z. of
October 23rd, 1903 !
Ein Brahms Bilderbuch, edited by Viktor
von Miller zu Aichholz, with explanatory
text by Max Kalbeck, lias just been published
by Herr R. Lechner, of Vienna. It contains
about 120 pictures and portraits, facsimiles,
concert programmes, &c. The net profits
of the sale of this work will be given to the
fund for the erection at Vienna of a Brahms
monument.
Sun.
Tuks
Wed.
TlIL'llS
Fm.
Sat.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Sunday Society Concert, :; :;n. Queen's Hall.
Sunday League Concert, 7, Queen's Hall.
Miss Mildred Carrington's Concert. 3, Steinway Hall.
M. Tivadar Nachez and Mr. Plunket Greene's Recital, 8, Bech-
stein Hall.
Miss Irene Scharrer's Orchestral Concert, 8, JEolian Hall.
Royal Amateur Orchestral Concert, 8.30, Queen's Hall.
.Mi^s Man- MunchhofTs Vocal Recital 3, Bechstein Hall.
Chamber Concert, 4.31), Lek'hton House.
Miss Maud MaeCarthy's Violin Recital. S.:i0, Queen's Hall.
London Ballad Concert, ::. Queen's Hall.
Symphony Concert, .'l. Queen's Hall.
Mile. Henriette Schmidt's Violin Recital, 3.30, .Eolian Hall.
DRAMA
THE WEEK.
Waldorf.— The Superior Miss Pellender :
Comedy in Three Acts. By Sidney
Bowkett.— The Partikler Pet. Adapted
by Edward Knoblauch from Max
Maurey's ' L'Asile de Nuit.'
Recent theatrical productions are almost
confined to the houses occupied by foreign
companies in London, whereat change is
necessarily continuous. The one English
novelty that has been witnessed is ' The
Superior Miss Pellender,' with which Mr.
Cyril Maude begins his tenure of the
Waldorf. A piece flimsier and less verte-
brate than this has seldom solicited the
suffrages of a London public. It is
pretty, however, in spite of its thinness,
and original in motive, even though it
recalls in a portion of its environment
' Sweet Nancy,' Robert Buchanan's render-
ing of Rhoda Broughton's ' Nancy.' A
widow with four children — young, asser-
tive, and turbulent — has arranged a
second marriage with a neighbouring
squire. So timid are both, however, and
so apprehensive concerning the action
likely to be taken by Miss Pellender,
the eldest girl — a model of all prim-
ness and propriety — that neither of
them dares to tell the secret, and an
elopement is arranged and carried out.
There is something whimsical in the
attempt of these two elderly lovers to
shuffle out of the responsibility for their
action, and make lad-and-lass elopement
for fear, not of their seniors, but of their
juniors. What acting can do for a piece
is done. The Mr. Tister of Mr. Maude
is pleasant and humorous ; Miss Winifred
Emery is sweet and natural as the widow ;
and Miss Beatrice Ferrar is a terror in her
conscientiousness and inflexibility.
' The Partik'ler Pet,' a farce for throe
characters, given a few weeks ago in
Brighton, shows the spoiling of a visitor
to the workhouse, in whom the super-
intendent fancies he detects an " amateur
casual." As the man thus pampered
Mr. Maude supplies a wonderful picture
of grime and filth.
Garrick. — Revival of ' Brother Officers,' in
Three Acts. By Leo Trevor.
Given in May last at the Garrick for a
benefit, ' Brother Officers ' — a piece which,
with a different termination, had been
played during 1898 at the same house —
obtained an encouraging amount of success.
As we predicted would be the case, it has
now, in its altered shape, been mounted
for a run. It presents the adventures of
a "ranker" who, having obtained for
conspicuous valour a commission in a
crack regiment, does not know how to
wear decorously his new honour, but in
the end wins, by his modesty and virtue,
condonation for offences of taste. What
is the precise alteration that has been
made we fail to grasp. Mr. Bourchier
plays in his breeziest and mellowest style
the officer in question ; and Miss Violet
Vanbrugh repeats her presentation of
Lady Roydon, who, helping the ranker
to conquer his gaucheries, wins an affection
which is as sincere, ardent, and loyal as
it is hopeless.
New Royalty. — Cabotins : Comedie en
Quatre Actes. Par Edouard Pailleron.
— Les Affaires sont les Affaires : Comedie
en Trois Actes. Par Gustave Mirbeau.
— Brichanteau ; ou, la Vie d'un Come-
dien : Piece en Quatre Actes et Cinq
Tableaux. Tiree du Roman de Jules
Claretie par Maurice de Feraudy.
Though far short of ' Le Monde ou Ton
s'ennuie,' on the whole the most brilliant
comedy of modern days, ' Cabotins ' is a
scathing and well-merited satire. In order
to establish his point, M. Pailleron has to
force upon the word cabotins a sense it
scarcely bears, and to represent cabolinage
as a species of log-rolling. A number of
youthful Meridionals, chiefly from Var and
Les Bouches du Rhone, form themselves
into a mutual admiration and aid society,
pledged to secure their joint and individual
advantage. Thanks to their efforts, men
of no merit are promoted to positions of
importance in the Senate, the Institute, or
elsewhere. Such men M. Pailleron lashes
as cabotins. A love interest — pretty
enough in its way, but of no special
originality or significance — is introduced.
M. de Feraudy acted in admirable style
as an energetic, designing, and unscru-
pulous journalist, and the play proved
vastly entertaining to those who per-
ceived its point.
In ' Les Affaires sont les Affaires ' M.
de Feraudy distinguished himself as the
latest type of unscrupulous financier, the
vulgarest of a brood that includes Mer-
cadet le Faiseur, Sir Giles Overreach,
Turcaret, and a score of well-known cha-
racters. His performance of the part
was fine, but the play, though it gives
rise to one or two strong situations, may
easily be overrated. The difficult and
not too sympathetic pari of Germaine
Lechat, the daughter of the financier,
who finds no better way of rebuking the
greed and dishonesty of her father than
by dispensing with civil and eoclestiastica]
consent to her amorous arrangements, was
played intelligently, but with an unneo-
cessarv display of prudery, by Mile. Lara,
socic'tairc of the Comedie Krancaise. It
is not a very worthy world into which
M. Mirbeau introduces us, but many of
tie
T ii k atii EN .i:r M
N 1083, Jan. 27. 1906
the ohvaoten exhibited seem drawn from
life.
Whimsical and < lr\n a> it is. ' Biiihan-
t' in ' adapted hy .M . de Fciaudv limn
a novel of the director of the (oniedie
Francaiee, and not ye( produced in Paru
— is Dearer burlesque than fane, and is
destitute of any strong dramatio quality.
It serves to show a wide range of talent
on the part of the principal exponent, a
fact which doubtless commended it to his
attention. It is, we think, quite ununited
to the Theatre Francais. on to the boards
of which it will, we fancy, not easily find
it- way. ' Briohanteau deals with the
humours of an actor playing with a tra-
velling company, and at the outset estab-
lished at Perpignan. Under the influence
of passion for a woman, Brichanteau
forgets his Btage tricks and mannerisms,
and expires, giving for the first time, as
he boasts, a thoroughly natural perform-
ance, unmarred by affectation or grimace.
In its early scenes it was admirably droll,
and the general performance, by actors
few of them known to fame, was eminently
creditable. The piece took the place of
' Le Barbier de Seville,' withdrawn on
account of the illness of Mile. Leconte.
We should like to have seen M. de
Feraudy's Figaro.
Great Queen Street. — Liselott : Lust-
spiel in vier Akten. Von Heinrich
Stobitzer.
A romantic and quasi-historic play of
Herr Stobitzer reveals the German com-
pany in a new and moderately favour-
able line. Liselott is the familiar name of
the Princess Palatine, the wife of Philippe
of Orleans, brother of Louis XIV., a
princess concerning whose turbulent and
not very courteous manners Saint -Simon
has left an animated account. The drama
depicts the sensation caused at Court by
her brusque and unconventional behaviour,
her subjugation of the French Court, her
conquest over a dangerous and attractive
French rival, and her ultimate empire
over the heart of her weak spouse. Frau
Else Gademann played the part with
much vivacity and mirthfulness ; and
Herr Stamburg gave a satisfactory sketch
of le roi solei/.
Dramatic (fiosstp.
Rehearsals are progressing of the new
play of Capt. Robert Marshall, in which
during next month Mr. John Hare will
appear at the Comedy, under the manage-
ment of Mr. Arthur Chudleigh.
Ibsen's ' Lady Inger of Ostrat ' will be
given at the Seala Theatre on Monday
afternoon by the Incorporated Stage Society,
with a cast including Misses Edith Olive
and Alice Crawford, Mr. Henry Ainlev, Mr.
Alfred Brydone, and Mr. Harcourt Williams!
Thk representations of 'As Yon Like It "
at the St. James's end with the present week
and the theatre passes again into the hands
of Mr. Alexander.
Mr. Nat GOODWIN, who is now in London
will before his return to America h, -, , ,, at
the Shaft sbury in 'A Gilded Fool,' a piece
in winch In- ha* I. «iii favourably received in
New York.
\ sutufl "t afternoon i- 1 formam ■
George Column's live n< t OOmedj 'The
Ihirat Law' will be given at the Waldorf
by .Mr. Cyril .Maude, who uill play Dr.
Pangloas. others concerned m the inter-
pretation are Mi i - dnej Brough and
Charles Allan. Sirs. Calvert, Bfiai Janet
Alexander, and .\li>s Jessie Bateman.
' Tin: Little Stranokr,' by .Mr. Michael
Morton, produced at the (hand Theatre,
Middlesbrough, on the 9th of October last,
will shortly 1" given in a revised version in
the West-End. It Beema to be based on a
curious development of heredity.
'DEB 111:1111. i: I!i:i nm-:\,' translated by
Herr Meyerfeld from - The Well of the
Saints ' of Mr. .J. M. Synge, has been given
at the Deutsches Theater, Berlin. The
original was played at St. George's Hall on
November 27th. Oscar Wilde's ' Florentine
Tragedy ' was also performed in a rendering
by Herr Meyerfeld. 'The Well of the San
forms the fourth volume of ' Plays for an
Irish Theatre,' issued by Mr. Bullen.
The death, on the 22nd inst., in his
sixty- seventh year, of B. C. ("Charlie")
Stephenson (known also as Bolton Rowe in
collaboration with Clement Scott as Saville
Rowe) removes a once familiar figure in
London dramatic circles. A nephew of
General Sir Frederick Stephenson, and also,
we believe, of Sir Rivers Wilson, he was
held one of the most promising of the
bright band at the Treasury, but disappointed
expectation, and is best known as an
adapter from the French. Works wholly
or partly by him include 'Peril' ('Nos In-
ternes'), 'Diplomacy' ('Dora'), 'The Little
Duke' ('Le Petit Due'), 'Impulse' ('La
Maison du Mari'), 'Comrades,' "A Woman
of , the World,' and 'The Passport.' He is
also responsible for the libretto of 'Dorothy,'
and for some dramatic trifles produced at
the Gallery of Illustration and elsewhere.
(I'.s.)— W. F.— T. M. I»
To Correspondents.— M. a. s
-K. 11. — received.
II. M.— Many thanks.
W. .1. s.— Later.
No notice can be taken df anonymous communications.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
AUTOTYPE Co
ai thors' Agents
BAOSTER A- Sons
Bell a sons
Behrose & Sons
Catalogues
(II VI 10 it WlNDUS
t. a T. Clark
Kl'l CATIONAI
Exhibitions
Harper A Bros.
HODDER A STOUOBTON
III RST A BLACKS!!
LECTl RES
Longmans A Co
Sampson Low, biarston a Co.
M ICMILLAN A CO.
M 10 LZINES, Ai
Mudie's Library
Oliphant, Anderson a Ferrier,
Pi in im
Sales nv auction
si 111 1 /1: ,\ Co
Situations V icant
sin \ noNS W \n iki)
T. l'ISIIKK I'NW IN
TVI'K-WKI 1 I'.KS
P*OI
■
. . '.•:(
.. lis
.. 110
. . '.>.'.
. . '.>:;
.. 117
.. 119
. . '.>'!
. . !>:!
. . '.>:.
. . ;>ii
. . ;«
.. 110
.. 11s
. . '.Hi
IT.. IIS
. . '.>:.
.. 119
.. 120
M
. . I .')
. . ;>:!
. . U
M
. . M
MESSRS. BELLS
BOOKS.
' '. I '/'. I /. 00 I ' 1- ' free on application.
■
THE ITINERARY OF JOHN
LELAND IN" WALES, in or abort
Kesri L 536- 1539.
arranged ami edited bj LUCY TOULMIN
SMITH. With a Ma],.'
NEW VOLUME <>l THE
ART GALLERIES OF EUROPE.
With numerous Illustrations, crown
THE ART OF THE VENICE
ACADEM V. By MARY KNIGHT POTTER.
[lttwly Jan. 31.
I >■ my 8vo, I2& net.
HENRY III. AND THE CHURCH.
A Study of his Ecclesiastical Policy and of the
lvl.it ions between England and Rome. By
the Right Rev. ABBOT GASQUET, D.D.
O.S.B.
"It is written with no desire to defend the
Papacy from the charges which were made even by
the faithful at the time, and it may fairly claim to
represent an unbiased survey of the evidence. He
has gone carefully through a large body of evidence
which English historians have too much neglected.
His book will 1>€ indispensable to the student of
the reign of Henry ITT " — Tim* -.
NEW AND REVISED EDITION, Svo, fo. net.
THE EVE OF THE REF0RMA-
TIOX. Studies in the Religious Life and
Thought of the English People in the Period
preceding the Rejection of the Romish Juris-
diction by Henry VI11. Bv the Right Rev.
ABBOT (iASOUET, D.D. O.S.B.
•• We can only rejoice that this cheap reissue of
one of the most valuable contributions (as common
consent has claimed it) to the history of the great
religious change in the sixteenth century will
spread the light among numerous readers to whom
it has hitherto been unknown. Of such historians
as Abbot Gasquet the cause of historic truth can
never have too many." — 1'all Mall OoBi
Now complete in 2 vols., royal -
10.-. ti(/. net each.
A DICTIONARY OF SAINTLY
WOMEN. By A. K. ('. DUNBAR.
"The present compiler has gone to the I
SOUroes — the Acta Sanctorum. Ouenekudt, the
Roman Martyrology, and so forth, and authorities
are given for each article The value of the book
is enhanced by the fact that, when a story is said
to be untrue, or an author untrustworthy, the
statement is made on the authority of an accredited
Catholic writer. Unquestionably it will be found
to be an exceedingly useful book of reference."
Church Tivus.
•• The authoress of this Ixmk undertook a work
which demanded ability and discrimination. In
performing it she has displayed Kith The bio-
graphical sketches are well written, and the
dictionary will be valuable 1m>Ui as a work for
pious use and a Ixmk of reference."
Catholic Tir
'•This work is a useful collection of interesting
lives of holy women who in all ages of the
Christian era have illustrated God's Church
Much historical information concerning the Middle
will be found in the lives of saints of that
period." Tablet,
London: GEORGE BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N° 4083, Jan. 27, 1906 THE ATHENAEUM 117
CHATTO &_WINDUS^ BOOKS.
CHARING GROSS and its Neighbourhood.
By J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.
With 3 Illustrations. Demy 8vo, cloth, 7s. 6d. net
■"A very beautiful book. . . .Should be on every representative bookshelf." — London Argus.
"Takes a definite place at once as a contribution to the literature of London." — Public Opinion.
"Sure of becoming a standard work on the district with which it deals." — Daily Telegraph.
NEW SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
CASTE AND GREED.
By F. E. PENNY, Author of 'The Sanyasi,' 'Dilys,' &c.
HUGO : a Fantasia on Modern Themes.
By ARNOLD BENNETT, Author of ' The Grand Babylon Hotel.'
r'Mr. Bennett is a highlv skilled workman, and he never fails to be readable." — Times.
" Beyond doubt, amazingly exciting. 'Hugo' is full of originality, and raises the sensational novel to the level of an artistic achievement. No one but Mr. Bennett has done that
Since Stevenson died." — Morning Leader.
NATURE'S VAGABOND, Ac.
By COSMO HAMILTON, Author of ' Duke's Son,' &c. [Feb. 1.
MR. SWINBURNE'S TRAGEDIES.
COLLECTED LIBRARY EDITION, in 5 crown 8vo vols, bound in buckram, with gilt tops, price 6s. net each Yolume, or 30*\ net for the 5 vols.
Subscriptions can be accepted only for Complete Sets. Vol. V., completing the Series, and containing LOCRINE, The SISTERS, MARINO FALIERO, and
ROSAMUND QUEEN of the LOMBARDS, is now read}-.
IN THE PRESS, 2 vols, derm- Svo, cloth, 21s. net.
THE ANNALS OF COVENT GARDEN THEATRE, 1732-1897. By Henry Saxe Wyndham.
With 32 Illustrations.
SHORTLY, in 16mo, cloth, gilt top, 2s. net ; leather, gilt top, 3s. net.
THE POCKET GEORGE MAC DONALD. Being a Choice of Passages from his Works, made by
ALFRED H. HYATT. Uniform with the POCKET R. L. S. and the POCKET RICHARD JEFFERIES.
With 24 Full-Page Hlustrations, demy Svo, cloth, 12s. 6d. net.
LIFE IN MOROCCO. By Budgett Meakin, Author of ' The Land of the Moors.'
ON MARCH 1, crown Svo, cloth, 7s. 6d. net.
THE ROMANCE OF THE SOUTH SEAS. By Clement L. Wragge, F.R.G.S. With 84 Illustrations.
ON MARCH S, crown Svo, cloth, 6s. net.
LITERARY RAMBLES IN THE WEST OF ENGLAND. By Arthur L. Salmon. With a
Frontispiece.
SIX-SHILLING NOVELS IN THE PRESS.
FOR LIFE— AND AFTER. By George R. Sims (" Dagonet "). t™.5.
LOVE AND LORDSHIP. By Florence Warden, Author of ' The House on the Marsh.' r^;.
IN THE ROARING FIFTIES. By Edward Dyson, Author of ' The Gold-Stealers.' lM„*8.
A MENDER OF NETS. By William Mackay, Author of ' The Popular Idol.' ,»**
MARA : an Unconventional Woman. By Chris Healy, Author of ' Heirs of Reuben.' [.Va,rA «.
7k the press. CHEAPER EDITIONS. Crown Svo, cloth, 3s. Gel. each.
COLONEL THORNDYKE'S SECRET. By G. A. Henty. With a Frontispiece by Stanley L. Wood.
THE CRUISE OF THE "BLACK PRINCE" PRIVATEER. By Commander Cameron. With
2 Illustrations bv P. MACNAB.
CHILDREN OF TO-MORROW. By William Sharp (" Fiona Macleod ").
NO OTHER WAY. By Sir Walter Besant. With 12 Illustrations by C. D. Ward.
A CRIMSON CRIME. By G. Manville Fenn.
BEN-HUR : a Tale of the Christ. By General Lew. Wallace.
MR. VERDANT GREEN. By Cuthbert Bede. With 65 Illustrations. Is.
POPULAR SIXPENNY COPYRIGHT NOVELS.
THE FOLLOWING EIGHT ADDITIONS TO THE SERIES ARE NOW IN COURSE OF PUBLICATION:—
THE GRAND BABYLON HOTEL. By ARNOLD BENNETT. EYE. By S. BARING-GOULD.
MADAME SANS-GENE. By E. LEPELLETIER. THE DOUBLE MARRIAGE. By CHARLES READE.
ARIADNE. By OUIDA. FETTERED FOR LIFE. By FRANK BARRETT.
BEYOND THE PALE. By B. M. CROKER. : THE MONKS OF THELEMA. By BESANT and RICE.
London: CHATTO & WINDUS, 111, St. Martin's Lane, W.C.
lis
Til E ATI! EN .!•: D M
N 1083, Jan 27, 1906
B
Jltaan miu'O. Ovr.
L A (' K W O O
WEBRUARl —
D
I.] SSON8 i ROW i in B vi i LE "1" T8U sim.v
l'.\ tin ■ Autli i 'A Retrograde Admiralty.'
A\ n\i ORD I EUMMER
Bj the Warden of Wadham.
EL LNGLESTTO.
THE m:i:am OF I HE DEAD WORLD.
Bj Barry Pain.
TO EQUATORIA I Bj Andrei Balfonr.
( mini i,i NKER Chaps. 7-12. Bj J. Cloturton.
BCENE8 AND STUDIES FROM THE LIFE OF
FIELD MARSHAL SOULT, Dnka i i Dalmatia.
Bj OoL J. 1I.imI.ui % Williama, G.V.O. O.M.G.
••THE MASTER OF THE PENSION."
By Charles Oliver.
THE PHY610IAN8 OF THE WESTERN
[SLES.
A NEW PYRAMU8 AND THISBE. (The
Battle of Aughrim.) An Unpublished Sketch.
By William Oarleton, Author of 'Traits
and Stories of the Irish Peasantry.'
MUSINGS WITHOUT METHOD.
The General Election — The Triumph of Pic-
torial Falsehood — Free Trade and Protection
— The Parliament of 1832 — Lord Randolph
Churchill.
"WILLIAM BLACKWOOD A SONS, Edinburgh and
London.
THE EDINBURGH R E V I E W.
No. 415. JANUARY. 1906. 8vo. price 6».
1. PROTECTION AM) THE WORKING CLASSES.
2. RELIGION UNDER THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.
3. NOVELS WITH A PHILOSOPHY.
4. FANNY BURNET : her Diarj and her Days.
5. THE BRITISH MUSEUM LIBRARY AND ITS CATALOGUE.
6. LUCRETIUS AND HIS TIMES.
7. THE VISIONARY ART OF WILLIAM BLAKE.
8. THOUGHT IN ARCHITECTURE.
9. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, MAN AND AUTHOR.
10. THE GROWTH OF AMERICAN Foreign POLICY.
11. THE FALL OF MR. BALFOUR'S GOVERNMENT.
T
IE ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW.
Nn. m. JANUARY. Royal 8vo, price 6a.
Edited by REGINALD L. POOLE, MA. Ph.D.,
Fellow in Magdalen College and I ecturer in Diplomatic In the
University of oxford.
Contents.
1. Arlitlr*.
ANTIQUITIES OF THE KINGS COUNCIL. By James F
Baldwin.
THE LONG PARLIAMENT OF CHARLES II By Prof
\\ ilbur c. Abbott.
THE MISSION OF FABRICE TO SWEDEN, 1717-1718 Bv
J. F. Chain ' J
2. Aotenand I>ocum
The Letters of Queen Eleanor of Aqnitaine to Pope Celestine III
By Mist Beatrice A. 1 B.— The Mythical Town of Orwell Ry
R. g. Marsden.— The Name i>r Kararino. liy w Miller— Wot
Tyler and Jack straw. By Friedrich W. 1). Brie —Cardinal
l; iton and the Will of .lames v. By II. F. Horland Simpson —
''",'- K',V"''1V",lt ,*"','"" """''', SJ ,,u' Rev- William Hunt.
D.Litt. roe French Losses in the Waterloo Campaign isv Prof
Oman, and others.
R m of Hooka. gnort xut,-m.
Jobs published in FEBRUARY, uniform indie with the ENGLISH
HISTORICAL REVIEW, prices., id. net An Index tothe Article?
[Sotee, Documents, and Selected Reviews of Books contained in the
ENGtlSH HISTORICAL REVIEW, VoluSS I.-XX " iftiW;
together with a List ol < ontributora.
LoNGM \ns. <.i: i.iN ft qp., 39, Paternoster Row, London EC-
New xork and Bombay.
THE CORXHILL MAGAZINE
_L For FEBRUARY, Price ONE SHILLING,
fool. nfe
SIR JOHN CONSTANTINE. Chap*. XV. XVI. By A T Ouiller-
Coueh. ' x
PSOAS! 9, ','i iet in HARNESS. ByA.D Godley.
SOCIETY IN THE TIME OF VOLTAIRE. ByS G Tallentyro
THE \\i'\i \n A PAHA B] W. li Adami.
FROM A COLLEGE WINDOW. X.
THE vai.i.ey OF LOST CHILPREK. By Willi.-,,,, Hope KodgtOD
GEORGE ELIOT'S COVENTRY FRIENDS, By Warwick li Draper
GRANDEUR FT DECADENCE DE BERNARD SHAW Etr a
\ oung Playgoer. *
FREEMAN VERSUS FROUDE By Andrew Lang.
cllirnv.i: Chaps. tV.-VL Bj Stanley J. Weyman.
i, .n,i..n: smith elder & co., is. Waterloo Place, SLTf.
in v; Mia, crown 9w>, with a Portraits, Ms.
JOHN KK.WCIS A\|) THE ATHEN/EUM'
*J A Literary Chronicle ,.f Btalf ■ Century.
Ry JOHN 0. FRAN. ffi
MACMILLAN A Co. LmiHD, London.
I I M II 1.1*11 [ON, | : ■ I « Bl
CELESTIAL MOTIONS:
A Handy Book of Astronomy.
'I. nth Edition. With :» PI
B w. T. LYNN, r..\. li: !
A ooiate of King** College, London; Lav Reader in the D thwark,
Anthar of 'Remarkable I Remarkable Eclipses,1 'Astronomy for th<; Young,' Ac.
" WeU known as one of our best introduol tronomy. I
L Ion: SAMPSON LOW, MAB8TOM ft CO., Ltd.. 15a, P i Row, I
SEVENTH EDITION, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
REMARKABLE ECLIPSES:
A Sketch of the most interesting Circumstances connected with the
Observation of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, both in Ancient and Modem Times.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.K.A.S.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON k CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster How. B.G
TWELFTH EDITION, JUST OUT, price Sixpence, cloth.
REMARKABLE COMETS:
A Brief Survey of the most interesting Facts in the History of Cometary
Astronomy.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
THIRD EDITION EXHAUSTED.
FOURTH EDITION, Revised to 1905, NOW READY, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
ASTRONOMY FOR THE YOUNG.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited. 15, Paternoster Row.
FIRST EDITION EXHAUSTED.
SECOND EDITION NOW READY, price One Shilling.
BIBLE CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Recorded in the Holy Scriptures, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates, with a Description of the Places named,
and a Supplement on English Versions.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited. 16, Paternoster Row.
SECOND EDITION, fcap. Svo, price Fourpence.
NEW TESTAMENT CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Recorded in the New Testament, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates.
By \Y. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS. Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
NEXT WEEK'S ATHENffiUM will contain
Reviews of Sir HERBERT MAXWELL'S
THE STORY OF THE TWEED, and THE
VICTORIA HISTORY OF DERBY. \
Published by JOHN C. FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lano, E.C.
N°4083, Jan. 27, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
119
OLIPHANT, ANDERSON & FERRIER'S LIST.
FOURTH THOUSAND OF
THE FAITH OF ROBERT LOUIS
STEVENSON. By JOHN KELMAN, Jun.,
M.A. Cloth extra, gilt top, 6s. net.
" An attempt to figure the man forth in all his qualities.
The attempt is astonishingly successful."— Athenaeum.
GUIDANCE FROM ROBERT
BROWNING IN MATTERS OF FAITH.
By JOHN A. HUTTON, M.A. 2s. 6d. net.
"Mr. Hutton puts his case for Browning as a guide in
matters of faith very skilfully. It is very well written."
Spectator.
THE MOSLEM DOCTRINE OF
GOD. A Treatise on the Character and Attri-
butes of Allah according to the Koran and
Orthodox Tradition. By SAMUEL M.
ZWEMER, Author of ' Arabia, the Cradle of
Islam.' With Introduction by the Rev.
JOHN C. YOUNG, M.A. M.B. CM., Sheik
Othman, Aden. 3s. (yd. net ; postage 3d.
" This valuable volume conveys in a series of popular and
interesting chapters a great deal of information in regard to
the Mohammedan religion." — Record.
DR. WHYTE'S NEW BOOK.
THE WALK, CONVERSATION,
AND CHARACTER OF JESUS CHRIST
OUR LORD. A Series of Discourses on the
Character of our Lord. By the Rev. ALEX-
ANDER WHYTE, D.D., Author of 'Bible
Characters,' &c. 6s. cloth.
DR. WHYTE'S "APPRECIATIONS."
NEWMAN: an Appreciation. With
the Choicest Passages of his Writings, Selected
and Arranged by ALEXANDER WHYTE,
D.D. , and an Appendix containing Six Letters
not hitherto published, one of which is in Fac-
simile. Art linen, gilt top, 3s. (yd.
BISHOP BUTLER : an Appreciation
With the Best Passages of his Writings,
Selected and Arranged by ALEXANDER
WHYTE, D.D. Art linen, gilt top, 3s. 6d.
SIR THOMAS BROWNE: an Ap-
preciation. With some of the Best Passages
of the Physician's Writings, Selected and
Arranged by the Rev. ALEXANDER
WHYTE, D.D. Art linen, gilt top, 2s.
DR. WHYTE'S BIBLE CHARAC-
TERS. Now complete, 6 vols, in Case, 21s.
Price 3s. 6d. each Volume, sold separately. Pro-
spectus, with Contents of each Volume, post
free on application.
"The set now forms far and away the most complete
exposition of Bible characters yet published."
Expository Times.
EVERY LOVER OF SHAKESPEARE SHOULD READ
SHAKESPEARE:
PURITAN AND RECUSANT.
By the Rev. T. CARTER,
Author of ' Shakespeare and the Holy Scriptures. '
With a Prefatory Note by the Rev. Principal
J. OSWALD DYKES, D.D., and Dedication to
the Countess of Warwick. 2s. 6ri. cloth.
"A most interesting bonk, which ought to have inanv
readers."— sin Henry Irvinh.
" Singularly clear and readable. Your almost unknown
details and facts will be very valuable to seines of people."
Sam. TlMMINS, l'.S.A.
"A clear-headed historical investigation." — Spectator.
"A task accomplished with accuracy and scholarship."
. I fnii, -hi:/.
"An acute and well-informed critic." — Daily Nehvs.
"We commend this book as a very sensible, painstaking
piece of work."— Pall Mall Gazette.
"An excellent little book." — Westminster Gazette.
Complete List post free on application.
LONDON: 21, PATERNOSTER SQUARE, E I '
EDINBURGH: loo, PRINCES STREET.
PUBLISHED BY
MESSRS. T. & T.CLARK.
BY REY. LOUIS H. JORDAN, B.D.
COMPARATIVE RELIGION : its Genesis
and Growth. By Rev. LOUIS H. JORDAN, B.D., late
Special Lecturer on Comparative Religion at the Univer-
sity of Chicago. In demy 8vo, 12*. net.
" A most excellent and painstaking monograph. Clear in
argument, full in information."
Principal A. M. Fairbairn, D.D.
"A work of profound interest. Everywhere he gives
evidence of a thorough mastery of the subject."
Glasgow Herald.
BY DR. J. H. MOULTON.
READY NEXT WEEK, demy 8vo, 8s. net.
A GRAMMAR OF NEW TESTAMENT
GREEK. By Dr. JAMES HOPE MOULTON, Dids-
bury College, Manchester.
Part I. THE PROLEGOMENA.
The need of a new and thoroughly up-to-date Grammar
of New Testament Greek is admitted by all scholars. Dr.
Moulton has devoted some years to the preparation of this
Grammar (which will be based upon the late Dr. W. F.
Moulton 's edition of 'Winer'), and it is believed that his
work will be a great boon to students. The Second Part is
in preparation.
A Special Prospectus on application.
THE RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY
OF INDIA. THE UPANISHADS. By Prof. P.
DEUSSEN, University of Kiel. Translated by Prof.
A. S. GEDEN, M.A. Demy 8vo, 10s. lid.
[Ready in January.
HASTINGS' DICTIONARY OF THE
BIBLE. Now complete in Five Volumes (including the
Extra Volume, containing many important Articles and
full Indexes). Published price, per Volume, in cloth,
28s. ; in half-morocco, 34s. Complete Sets may also
be had in other elegant half-morocco bindings. Prices
on application.
" We have no hesitation in recommending it to students
of the Bible as the best work of its kind which exists in
English." — Guardian.
Full Prospectus, with Specimen Pages, free on application.
OUTLINES OF THE LIFE OF CHRIST.
With Important New Map of Palestine. Post 8vo,
5s. net. By Prof. W. SANDAY, D.D., Oxford.
THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE OF
SALVATION. By Prof. G. B. STEVENS, D.D., Yale
University. New Volume of the International Theo-
logical Library. Post 8vo, 12s.
THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE OF THE
LORD'S SUPPER. By Rev. R. M. ADAMSON, M.A.
Crown 8vo, 4s. M. net.
THE BIBLE: ITS ORIGIN AND
NATURE. By Prof. MARCUS DODS, D.D. Crown
8vo, 4s. &d. net.
THE USE OF THE SCRIPTURES IN
THEOLOGY. By Prof. W. NEWTON CLARKE, D.D.,
Author of ' An Outline of Christian Theology.' Crown
8vo, is.
THE EXPOSITORY TIMES. Edited by
Rev. JAMES HASTINGS, D.D., Editor of 'The
Dictionary of the Bible.' Monthly, price Gd.
THE GROWTH OF CHRISTIAN FAITH.
By GEORGE FERRIES, D.D. 8vo, 7s. Gd. net.
THE RELIGIONS OF ANCIENT EGYPT
AND BABYLONIA. By Prof. A. H. SAYCE, LL.D.,
Oxford. 8vo, 88. net.
HEBREW IDEALS, from the Story of
the Patriarchs. A Study of Old Testament Faith and
Life. By Rev. JAMES STUACHAN, M.A., London.
Pari I. GEN I'.sis l » to 25. 2s.
Part II. (i EN I'.sis 26 to 50. 2s.
The two Parts can now be had bound in One Volume,
price :t.\'. net.
THE CHRIST OF HISTORY AND OF
EXPERIENCE. By Rev. DAVID W. FORREST,
I). I)., Edinburgh, inpostsvo. Fourth edition, 6*.
Edinburgh i T. & T. CLARK, 38, Gtoorgs Street.
London .
8IMPKIN, M \lisll Al.L, HAMILTON, RENT A 00., Ltd.
MESSRS. LONGMANS &C0.'S LIST.
GREGORY THE GREAT;
His Place in History and Thought.
By F. HOMES DUDDEN, B.D.,
Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford.
2 vols. 8vo, 30s. net.
" By this work on the greatest of the Popes, Mr. Dudden
has done good service to English students of the history of
the Church. For though the debt of the Church of England
to Gregory I. is inestimable, no book has hitherto been
published in our language which gives at all as full an
account of him as we now have in the volumes which lie
before us." — Guardian.
CHRISTIAN AND CATHOLIC.
By the Right Rev. CHARLES C. GRAFTON,
S.T.D., Bishop of Fond du Lac.
Crown 8vo, 6*. net.
The Author's purpose in this book is to offer some help to any
who, as they say, wish to believe but cannot ; or, believing in
God and Christianity, are fur any cause in doubt as to their
duty respecting Church membership.
"A highly suggestive and convincing work, which those
whose business it is to combat the difficulties of which it
treats will find of great service. It is a courageous,
reasoned, and illuminating exposition of the Catholic faith
as accepted in the Anglican Communion and by undivided
Christendom." — Church Times.
THE OXFORD LIBRARY OF PRACTICAL
THEOLOGY.
TWO NEW VOLUMES.
Edited by the Rev. W. C. E. NEWBOLT, M.A., Canon and
Chancellor of St. Paul's, and the Rev. DARYVELL
STONE, M.A., Librarian of the Pusev House, Oxford.
OUR LORD'S RESURRECTION.
By the Rev. W. J. SPARROW SIMPSON, Chaplain of
St. Mary's Hospital, Ilford. Crown 8vo, 5s.
The jnnpose of this volume is chiefly apologetic. The writer
has endeavoured to consider some of the objections ami diffi-
culties raised in modern literature to the central doctrine of
our Lord's Resurrection from the dead. Special attention is
given to negative criticism originated in Germany, and lately
reproduced in English form.
THE PRINCIPLES OF RELIGIOUS
CEREMONIAL. By the Rev. WALTER HOWARD
FRERE, M.A., of the Community of the Resurrection.
Crown 8vo, 5s.
THE OPPORTUNITY OF THE
CHURCH OF ENGLAND. Lectures delivered in the
Divinity School, Cambridge, 1004. By the Right Rev.
COSMO GORDON LANG, D.D., Bishop of Stepney.
Crown 8vo, boards, 2s. 6d. net ; cloth, 3s. (id. net.
These Lectures on Pastoral Theology, although originally
delivered to students proposing to offer themselves as ca ndidates
for Uoly Orders, are also intended for the Clergy in active
work, ami indeed for all who are interested in the ivork of the
Church of England.
STUDIES IN THE SERMON ON
THE MOUNT. By the Rev. the Hon. EDWARD
LYTTELTON, M.A., Head Master of Eton. 8vo,
12s. net.
THE SPIRITUAL ORDER, with
Other Papers and Addresses. Written for the most
part in South Africa. By the Rev. GEORGE
CONGREVE, <>f the Society oi St. John the Evangelist,
Cowley St. John, Oxford. Crown 8VO, 6& net.
PRINCIPLES OF PARISH WORK:
an Essav in Pastoral Theology. By the Rev. CLEMENT
F. ROGERS, ma., Author of 'Charitable Belief in
"Handbooks for the Clergy." Crown 8vo, 5s. net.
SPIRITUAL DIFFICULTIES IN
THE BIBLE AND PRAYER BOOK: with Helps to
their Solution. By II. MORTIMER LUCKOOK, D.D.,
Dean of Lichfield. Crown svo, Qf.
PASTORAL WORK IN COUNTRY
DISTRICTS. Lectures delivered in the Divinity School
at Cambridge, Lent, 1906. By V. S. S. COLES, M.A.,
Principal of the Puaey Mouse, Oxford, Crown svo,
jfe (></. net. \\carh/ ready.
NUNC DIMITTIS : or, The Song of
the Watcher for the Lord's Christ. Bv THOMAS A.
OURNEY, M.A, LL.B., Vicar of Emmanuel church,
Clifton. Crown Bvo, 8*. net.
HUMILITY: a Devotional Treatise.
By the Rev. .TK.ssk BRETT, L.Th., Chaplain of AH
Saints' Hospital, Eastbourne, l-'cap. s\o, Jg, net.
LONGMANS, GREEN * CO.,
H'.l, i'atornostor How, Loudon, K.C.
1 2< »
T II E A T H EN .i: I' M
N Ms;;. .|,-,. <;. ]
G P PUTNAM'S SONS' NEW LIST-
PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY. A Review of the Deleterious Effects of Town Life upon the Population
of Britain, with raggeattoni for their arrest By JAMES CANTLIE, MA. Ml; D.Ph, Witi Preieoo byte LAUDER BRUNTON, M.D.
D.8 I.I. I' i.K.s., and a Foreword by 8ir JAMES CRICHTON-BROWNE, M.D. LL.D. P.R.8. ninatreted. Crown 8vo, olrt
[Itnmedia
In this new book Dr. c.inilio is leads to ihdm tli.it the physical health of tin' int i . . 1 1 is not what it. should in- at the present moment Il>- ii»'j >ii ■ ■ rand reason
modern iit\ life should be detrimental to tin- pablic health in oertain senses, while at the mm time city condition* are undoubtedly better than those that -till prevail in
districts. Having thus discovered the deleterious (acton, and tendencies Ukeh to remit from them, in a city environment, Dr. Cantlie proceed* to ask u)o-rc, and under what
the Anglo-Saxon race which la undoubtedly physically the fittest -has not only obtained it-i best development but tends to iua.inui.in ii. Ifce practical portion of the book dea:
the way in which the city dweller m iy, ami. 1st the most unfortunate conditions, i=till hope to maintain bis ph. Isncj.
LOUIS XIV. AND LA GRANDE MADEMOISELLE. By Arvede Barine. Authorized English
Version. Illustrated. 8vo, cloth extra, in box, 12*. 6ci. (Uniform with • The Yontb of La Grande Mademoiselle.') BmSf.
All French history Is interesting, but then an few of its pages more fascinating than the kaleidoscopic caraer of La Grande Mademoiselle. Khewasrel ted I. Mil bj
both father ami mother; sin- was the richest heiress in Prance ; she aspired to be an empress, a nun, a political power. Her memofn pave unique and valuable pictures of life
<ourt of Anne of Austria, ami of the wars ,,f the Fronde, in which she played a manly part.
THE RELIGION OF CHRIST IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. Crown 8vo, cloth,
.'{s. Ii'/. not.
§ <!y.
the idea of ecclesiastical organisation, the idea
The distinction made between the Christian Religion and the Religion of Christ is that the former includes a combination of ideas ; tr
of doctrine, and as an adjunct the idea of a way of life. The Religion of Christ, on the other hand, consists in a way of life alone. A particularly striking feature of this book is
brilliant and fair-minded examination of three representative Christian denominations, the Roman Catholic, the Episcopal, and the Unitarian. The work is not controversial, but rather
a plea for the Religion of Christ.
PRACTICAL RIFLE SHOOTING. By Walter Winans, Author of ' The Art of Revolver Shooting,'
' Hints on Revolver Shooting,' ' The .Sporting Rifle,' &c. With Frontispiece. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, \*. net.
[At once.
Mr. Winans believes that the man who can use his rifle as he uses his knife and fork, as a matter of habit, and without needing to consides what he is doing : who can hit his mark
very near the centre instantly at any reasonable range, and at whatever rate it is moving ; and who has had experience in stalking game, and in taking cover, should make a more useful
soldier or scout than the man who has only shot at a stationary target, and then only in a prone position, and who would lose himself were he turned out in a deer {■
A SWORD OF THE OLD FRONTIER. The Adventures of a French Officer in the Pontiac
Conspiracy. By RANDALL PARRISH.
cloth extra, 6s.
First Edition (English and American), 25,000 Copies. Second Impression in the press.
Crow: B
[Ready.
This, with the eighth edition of ' My Lady of the North,' and the sixth edition of ' When Wilderness was King,' makes 100,000 copies of Mr. Parrish's three books printed in
and a half. This is Mr. Parrish's third story, and we regard it as his best for securing and holding the reader's interest. There are four pictures in colour by F. C. Yohn, the gn
American illustrator of the Colonial period.
HEALTH AND THE INNER LIFE. An Analytical
and Historical Study of the Spiritual Healing Theories, with an Account of the
Life and Teachings of P. P. Quimby. By HORATIO W. DRESSER, Author of
' Voices of Freedom,' ' Book of Secrets,' ' Man and the Divine Order,' &c. Crown 8vo,
cloth, 6s. [Ready.
PORTRAITS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.
Historic and Literarv. By C. A. SAINTE BECVE, Translated by KATHARINE
P. WORMELEY and GEORGE BURNHAM IVES. Uniform with • Portraits of
the Seventeenth Century.' With about 30 Illustrations. 2 vols, svo, cloth extra,
gilt tops, in box, 21s. net. [Ready.
THE LIFE OF GOETHE. By Albert Bielschowsky. Authorized Translation from the German.
By WILLIAM A. COOPER, Assistant Professor of German in the Leland Stanford, Junior, University. Illustrated. 3 vols, large Bvo, cloth,
gilt tops, 15s. net per volume. {Vol. I. ready. Vol. II. shortly.
Dr. Bielschowsky was acknowledged as the foremost authority on Goethe of recent times. His biography embraces the results of all previous study of Goethe, and in addition
includes a great many distinct contributions to our knowledge of his times and works.
GEORGE WASHINGTON, Patriot, Soldier, Statesman : THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES, REVELATION, THE
First President of the United States. By JAMES A. HARRISON, Professor in the
University of Virginia, Author of ' The Story of Greece.' Fully illustrated. Crown
6vo, cloth extra, 5s. ; Roxburgh, 6s. (No. 11 in " The Heroes of the Nations Series.")
[In preparation.
GOSPEL OF JOHN. THE THREE EPISTLES OF JOHN. Bv HENRY P.
FORBES, D.D., Dean of the School of Theology of St. Lawrence University, and
Craig Professor of Biblical Language and Literature. Crowu Bvo, cloth, Is
* [Shortly.
PHILIPPINE LIFE IN TOWN AND COUNTRY. By SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. Life in the Open. Sport
JAMES A. LE ROY. Fully illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 5s. net. [Ready. .±. „ . _ TT , „ , „ ~,..t,t^o ^n^r.™.™- „Af„r,,
illy illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 5s. net. [Ready
Mr. Le Boy is eminently fitted to write on life in the Philippines. He was for seve:
years connected with the Department of the Interior in the Philippine Government.
with Rod, Gun. Horse, and Hound. By CHARLES FREDERICK HOLDER.
Author of ' Life of Charles Darwin,' ' The Big Game Fishes,' Ac. Fully illustrated,
cloth extra, Bvo. [In prepar,.
THE NOVELS OF HENRY JAMES. A Study. By THE ABOLITIONISTS Together with Personal
ELISABETH LUCY CARY, Author of 'The Rossettis,' Ac. With a Bibliography bv I ill-b AJSUljl 1 J.UH1B1B. lOgOiner WUQ rerSOnai
FREDERICK A. KING, and Photogravure Frontispiece,
extra, gilt top, 5s.
ographi
Crown Svo, half-cloth
[Ready
Memoirs of the Struggle for Human Rights, 1880-1808.
Crown Svo, cloth, 5s.
Bv JOHN T. HT ME.
[Ready.
EARLY SPRING ANNOUNCEMENT LIST NOW READY.
24, BEDFORD STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.; and NEW YORK.
Editorial Communications 6liould 1* addressed to "THE EDITOR"— Advertisements and Business Letters to "THE PUBLISHER "— at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane. E.C.
Published Weekly by JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS ;lt Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lone, E.C.. and Printed by .'. EDWARD FRANCIS. Athcnseum Press, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane. E.C.
Agents for Scotland, Messrs. BELL & BRADFCTE and Mr. JOHN MENZIES, Edinburgh.— Saturday. January 87, 190«.
THE ATHEN^IU
Jtftmtai 0f (Bttgifelj atttr Jfamgn fitoatm*, %amtt, tljt Jfitu ^rts,
%lBp^
atttr f
il^m^]
No. 4084.
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1906.
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER.
Uertitm.
ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN,
ALBEMARLE STREET, PICADLLLY, W.
Prof WILLIAM STIRLING, M.D. LL.D. D.Sc. Fullerian Pro-
lessor of Physiology, R.I., will on TUESDAY- NEXT February 6, at
5 o'clock begin a 'COURSE of SIX LECTURES on 'FOOD AND
NUTRITION.' Subscription to this Course One Guinea; to all the
Courses in the Season, Two Guineas.
(Bxljibitians.
TIE GRAFTON GALLERY, Grafton Street,
Bond Street, W.— ARTS and CRAFTS EXHIBITION SOCIETY
(WALTER CRANE, President).
OPEN, 10 to 6. Admission, 18.
EIGHTH EXHIBITION NOW
J.
R
f. MILLET EXHIBITION.
100 Drawings by J. F. MILLET, including the famous
ANGELUS; also EXHIBITION of FRENCH ILLUSTRATED
BOOKS of Eighteenth Centurv.
THE LEICESTER GALLERIES, Leicester Square, W.C.
O B S O N & CO.,
23, COVENTRY STREET, PICCADILLY, W.
Exhibition of Original Drawings and Engravings of
LONDON TOPOGRAPHY.
Catalogue One Shilling.
THE BAILLIE GALLERY, 54, Baker Street, W.
-EXHIBITION of PAINTINGS by the LIVERPOOL SCHOOL
of PAINTERS (1810-1867) and WATER COLOURS by OLIVER
H»LL. NOW OPEN, 10-6. Admission (including Catalogue), Is.
(Kimcational.
T
H E
LAW
SOCIETY.
The COUNCIL is prepared to AWARD, in JULY NEXT, TEN
SCHOLARSHIPS of the annual value of FIFTY POUNDS each,
tenable for Three Years, on condition of pursuing a course of study
approved bv the Council.— Copies of the regulations at the Society's
Office, 109, Chancery Lane, W.C, or by letter to the Principal and
Director of Legal Studies. E. W. WILLIAMSON, Secretary.
w
ORCESTER COLLEGE, OXFORD.
An ELECTION will take place in MARCH NEXT to a STUDENT-
SHIP founded under the Laycock Trust "for the purpose of en-
couraging the study of Egyptology or other cognate Oriental Linguistic
Subjects."
The Studentship is of the value of 150/. per annum, and will be
tenable for a period not exceeding three years, with possibility of
re-election for a second period.
Candidates must have passed the Examinations required for the
degree of B.A. in the University of Oxford, and must either be
members of Worcester College or join that Society on election.
Applications, accompanied by not more than five Testimonials,
should be sent to the PROVOST OF WORCESTER COLLEGE before
MARCH 1, 1906.
Extract from the Terms of the Trust.
" Any student during his tenure of the said Studentship shall pursue
his studies in the subject approved either in the United Kingdom or
abroad, and the place and manner of his studies shall be subject to the
approval of the Governing Body for the time being of the said College,
and such student shall from time to time, if and when called upon by
the Governing Body to do so, satisfy the Governing Body, in such
manner as they shall prescribe, as to the work he shall have done and
the progress he may have made in the approved subject."
January 26, 1906.
THE DOWNS SCHOOL, SEAFORD, SUSSEX.
Head Mistress-Miss LUCY ROBINSON, M.A. (late Second Mis-
tress St. Felix School, Southwold). References: The Principal of
Bedford College, London ; The Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge.
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are invited to call upon or send fully detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GABBITAS, TURING & CO.,
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. TURING, Nephew of the
late Head Master of Uppingham, 36, Sackvillc Street, Loudon, W.
Situations Vacant
UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM.
(FACULTY OF BOEBNGB.)
SPECIAL LECTURESHIP IN GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY.
The COUNCIL invites applications for the poet of SPECIAL LEG
'TURKR IX GEOLOGY AND O Hon R A I'll Y. vacant, by the appoint-
ment of Prof. W. W. Watts, P.R.S., to the Chair of Geology in the
Royal < allege of Science, South Kensington. Stipend 2602, per annum.
Applications, ace panied by six copies of Testimonials, or such
other credentials as the < Candidates may prefer to offer, should be sent
to the undersigned on or before FEBRUARY' 15.
I lie successful Candidate will be required to enter on his duties as
soon as possible, but in any ease not later than APRIL 23,
Further particulars may be obtained from
GEO. II. MORLF.Y, Secretary.
T
HE
CHEMICAL
SOCIETY.
The CO! NCIL of the- C1IKMICAL SOCIETY desire to appointan
BDItTWR 'if the SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS, at a Salary .,t 500/
per :uumni. The new Editor will lie precluded from holding any
paid appointment. Applications, stating Literary and Scientific
■pi.dih- :rJ ions and experience, will be received until FEBRUARY 12
• llo\. SECRETARIES. Chemical Society, Burlington House,
IV., from whom the conditions of the appointment may be obtained.
rpH
E UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD.
T
The UNIVERSITY of SHEFFIELD proposes to appoint a PRO-
FESSOR of EDUCATION.
For particulars as to duties, salary, &c, apply to
W. M. GIBBONS, Registrar.
WELSH INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION ACT, 1889.
HE COUNTY SCHOOL, ABERDARE,
SOUTH WALES.
WANTED for the above SCHOOL, a SCIENCE MASTER, to teach
principally Chemistry and Botany to the Upper Forms. Commencing
Salary 1482. per annum.
Applications, stating age and experience, with copies of recent
Testimonials, to be sent as soon as possible to the undersigned, from
whom further particulars may be obtained.
AV. CHARLTON COX, M.A., Head Master.
BLACKHEATH SCHOOL OF ART. — Re-
quired AT ONCE, the Services of a JUNIOR ASSISTANT
MASTER. Salary 70/. per annum. Candidates must be strong in
Design, and may lie required to assist generally in the Work of the
School. Applications should be sent to the HEAD MASTER by
FEBRUARY 10, and only selected Candidates will be written to.
PHIEF ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN WANTED
\J to take charge of the CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT of the
NORFOLK and NORWICH LIBRARY. Must be thoroughly
experienced. Application, in the Candidate's handwriting, stating
age, experience, and salary required, and accompanied by copies of not
more than three recent Testimonials, should be sent to the Librarian
by FEBRUARY 7. 1906.— JOHN QUINTON, Librarian, Norfolk and
Norwich Library, Norwich.
WANTED, a JUNIOR ASSISTANT for
GREENOCK PUBLIC LIBRARY. Salary 60/. per annum.
Previous experience in Public Library Work, including Classification,
Cataloguing, and Type-Writing essential.— Applications, in Candidate's
own handwriting, stating age, qualifications, and experience, accom-
panied by copies of three recent Testimonials, to be delivered to the
undersigned on or before FEBRUARY 10. 1906. Canvassing will
disqualify. J. M. LEIGHTON, Librarian and Clerk.
The Public Library, Greenock, January 30, 1906.
Situations Titftantefr.
PRIVATE SECRETARY to the late George
Jacob Holyoake for five and a half years seeks RE-ENGAGE-
MENT in similar capacity.— Address AMY BAUM, 17, Marlborough
Place, Brighton.
A N active YOUNG MAN (23) requires
A SITUATION as PUBLISHER'S or BOOKSELLER'S ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply good references.— T., Box 1070, Athena;um Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
GRADUATE of COLLEGE, native of Hamburg,
many years' London experience, TEACHES GERMAN, pre-
pares for all Examinations, and Translates Books, 4c, from and into
German, English, French, Spanish, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew.—
EDWIN HAMBURGER, '28a, High Holborn, W.C. (entrance Great
Turnstile, near Chancery Lane).
0 PUBLISHERS. — YOUNG GENTLEMAN
of birth and experience desires INVESTMENT with OCCUPA-
TION. — Apply T. R. S., Box 1083, Athemcum Press, 13, Bream's
Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
T
LITERARY ASSISTANCE (Articles, Research,
Sub-Editing. Proofs, &e.l offered Writer, Editor, or Publisher, by
well-educated experienced JOURNALIST. Interview requested.—
Write F. T. S., 35, St. Anne's Hill, Wandsworth, S.W.
T ITERARY RESEARCH WORK undertaken
-Li in DUBLIN by most experienced GENEALOGIST. Terms
moderate. Highest references.— Box 1082, Athenaeum Press, 13,
Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials. — A. B., Box 1062, Atncnxum Press, 13, Bream's Build-
ings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
TRANSLATION, Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing, Encyclopsedic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Non Resident Secretaryship. Classics. French, German, Italian,
Spanish, Anglo-Saxon. Special subjects : Mythology and Literature.
Varied experience. Moderate terms.— Miss SELBY, 63, Talbot Road, W.
d£p£-T.Er iters.
A UTHORN'MNN., NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
A essays TYPE WRITTEN with complete accuracy, <W. per
1,000 words. References to well-known Writers.— M. STUART, Thirl-
bank, Roxborough Road, Harrow.
TYPlvWIUTJNCJ, 9c/. per 1,000 words. —PLAYS,
M tVELS, E8SA YS, 4c., with promptitude and accuracy. Carbon
Copies a speciality. Highest references. — M. KINO. 7, Corona Villas,
Pinner Road. Harrow.
THE CO-OPERATIVE TYPE- WRITERS, Ltd.
(00 PARTNERSHIP SOCIETY),
CECIL HOUSE, lie, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C.
(Over Messrs. Lilley & Skinner's.!
SHORTHAND, TYPING DUPLICATING, TRANSLATING,
ti: \i i\u, 4c.
A limited Dumber ol Pupils taken.
" Living Wage. " Little overtime No Work given "lit. offices well
lighted ainl healthy. MSS. kept in fireproof safe. Efficient stall.
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
TYPE-WRITING undertaken by highly educated
Women (Classical Tripos ; Cambridge Higher Local ; Modern
Langua.gesl. Research, Revision, Translation, Dictation Room.—
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPEWRITING AGENCY, 10, Duke Street,
Adelphi, W.C. _
TYPE-WRITER.— PLAYS and MSS. of every
description. Carbon and other Duplicate or Manifold Copies.
—Miss E. M. TIGAR, 64, Maitland Park Road, Haverstock Hill. N.W.
Established 1884.
UTHORS' MSS., 9d. per 1,000 words.
_-~- SERMONS, PLAYS, ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPED at home (Remington). Good paper. Orders promptly exe-
cuted.—M. L. L., 7, Vernon Road ; now known as 18, Edgeley Road,
Clapham, S.AV.
A
Misztllmtanz.
WANTED, NAMES and ADDRESSES of
PEOPLE INTERESTED in OCCULTISM and PSYCHIC
RESEARCH. Rest prices given.— Address Box 1085, Athenaeum Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK and INDEXING.-Apply Miss PETHERBRIDGE (Nat.
Sci. Tripos), 52a, Conduit Street, Bond Street, London, W.
ARTISTIC BOOKBINDING. — Miss
JLJL WINIFRED STOPES, 11, Gavton Road, Hampstead, BINDS,
HALF-BINDS, or REPAIRS BOOKS. Pupils received. Terms on
application. Bindery open to Visitors 10 to 5, Saturdays excepted.
3UitI}0rs' J^nts.
QHORT STORIES, SERIALS, ARTICLES
•O considered and placed. MSS. Translated.— THE LITERARY
AGENCY, 2 and 4, Tudor Street, Loudon, E.C.
TACTION. — MESSRS. SISLEY'S, Limited,
JL Publishers, 9, Duke Street, Charing Cross, INVITE AUTHORS
to SUBMIT MSS. of ORIGINAL NOVELS, &c.
THE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
The interests of Authors capably represented. Agreements for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed with Publishers.— Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. BURGHES, 34, Paternoster Row.
p MITCHELL & CO., Agents for the Sale and
\J. Purchase of Newspaper Properties, undertake Valuations for
Probate or Purchase, Investigations and Audit of Accounts, &c. Card
of Terms on application,
Mitchell House, 1 and 2, Snow Hill, Holborn Viaduct, E.C.
Catalogues.
ANCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Collectors
-ir\_ and Antiquarians are invited to apply to SPINK & SON,
Limited, for Specimen Copy (gratis) of their NUMISMATIC CIRCU-
LAR. The finest Greek, Roman, and English Coins on View and for
Sale at Moderate Prices. -SPINK & SON, Limited, Experts. Valuers,
and Cataloguers, 18, 17, and 18, Piccadilly, London, W. Established
upwards of a Century.
HH. PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street, Leicester.
. issues CATALOGUES of MSS. and RARE BOOKS post free
to Book Collectors. CATALOGUE IB, ready shortly, will contain
MSS., Early Printed and Rare Books, and Autographs, including
Holinshed's Chronicles, Hans Weiditz Woodcuts, &c.
CATALOGUE No. 44.— Turner's Liber Studiorum,
England and Wales, and other Engravings— Lucas's Mezzotints
after Constable— Etchings by Whistler, s. Palmer, kc— Drawings by
Turner, Burnc-.lones, Ruskin, &c— Illustrated Books — Works by
Rnskin. Post free. Sixpence. — WM. WARD, 2. Church Terrace.
Richmond, Surrey.
BOOKS. — All OUT - OF - PRINT and R Alt E
BOOKS on anvsuhiect SUPPLIED. The most expert Bookfinder
extant Please state' wants and ask for CATALOGUE, I make a Bpecial
feature of exchanging any Saleable Books for others selected from my
various Lists. Special List of 2,000 Hooks 1 particularly want post free.
EDW.fi USER'S Great Bookshop, 14-16, John Bright Street, Birming-
ham. Tortures and Torments, Plates, privately printed. 10s, tol.
FIRST EDITIONS of MODERN AUTHORS,
including Dickens. Thackeray. Lexer, Ainsnorth j Books illus-
trated by G. and R. Cruikshank, Phiz. Rowlondson, beech, Ac, Tin-
largest and choicest Collection offered for Sale in the World. CATA
l.o<; lus issued and sent post free on application. Books Bought. —
WALTER T, SPENCER, '-'7. New Oxford street. London. W.C.
TO BOOKBUYKKSan.l LIBRARIANS of FREE
LIBRARIES The FEBRUARY CATALOGUE of valuable
SECOND-HAND WORKS and NEW REMAINDERS, offered at
prices greatl] reduced, is now READY, and will be seni poet free
upon application !•> W II. SMITH ,t sun, Library Department,
186, Strand. London. W < '.
T1IK INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
No hi. containing a Bpecial Article, entitled 'MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY and MATTER hi Prof 4.LFREI) u
PORTER. Specimen ^Copies gratis- WILLI A MS ft NORti
Book Importers, 14, Henrietta Street, OoTenl Garden, W.tt
1 - .
Til !•; AT il i;.\ & I \i
N tOW, I I ». 3, 1906
I It VINO I'M I' •
II. I. r BTRATED I iTALOGl I
• ■I
BOOK8 AND RELI08
i BOH
Mi: hem: n LRVTNG - I OLLEI nONa
r
il BOTHER \N I CO.
Pll I wii LI W lb I Ml BfH IHD
L BIG H 1 ON'S
I LLU81 i: A l ED I ITALOGUE -i EARLY
1 PRINTED and othci IXTEUESTINU HOOKS. MANCSCHIPT8
B1ND1NOM
OFFERED FOR BALE BY
J A .i i.i [GHTON, i". Brawei Street, Golden Bqnara, H .
Tlii' i i - -nil npwaj | -i -in. Hans
in Fa< ilmiie
1 in :ul • loth -tilt • ill tops, 30».
.n 8T l'i l.i-i-ii li-
CATALOGUE (No. CIV.) ol SECOND-HAND
FRENCH BOOKS, oomprialnf History and
Mc In Biography and Correspondence Ait Folk-Lore Travel—
Fii ii- i
MONTHLY LIST (FEBRUARY) of SECOND-
BAND BOOKS, chieflj English, including Works on An and
Architecture Antiquarian Literature Bibliography, A- ; also ut"
NEWLi l'l BUSHED BOOKS English and Foreign.
1; li r.l.M K\\ Kl. I., .hi .ui.i 51, Broad Street, Oxford.
TNCUNABULA TYPOGRAPHICA.— Now
L ready. CATALOGUE XL. 2.000 Incunabula for Sale. With SM
dies of Prints. PriceSi JACQ1 ES ROSENTHAL, Karl Str. 10,
Muni( ii, Bavaria.
I NCUNABULA I'.l BLIOGRAPHY.— Now
1 readj RED HLING. Appendices ad Heinii Copingeri Reper-
: i urn Fa* I. IX. containing a rail description
1. 1 raa incunabula unknown to both Writers, more than 813 Corrections.
Price 90s.- .i \i IJI ES ROSENTHAL, Karl Str. 10, Munich, Bavaria.
DE I.MITATIOXE CHRISTL — Now ready.
CATALOGUE « H88., Editions, Translations in 62 different
Languages, Ac., "i the Imitation of Christ. Splendid printing in the
French Livree .1 Heures fashion, Red and Black, with Borders. Price
M 0,1 l> ROSENTH IL, Karl8tr. 10, Munich, Bararia.
fTHIXA, JAPAN, and the PHILIPPINE [SLES.
\j Now ready, CATALOGUE ;•' MSS. and Printed Books from the
Sixteenth t«. the Eighteenth Century aboot the above. '1'" be had
post tree.— JACQUES ROSENTHAL, Karl Str. 10, Munich, Bavaria.
VTEWSPAPERS FOR SALE.— TIMES, 1854-
1.1 1904 ]"•< vols.: ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS. 1852-1904,
102 vols.; SATURDAY REVIEW, 1886-1899, 85 vols.; BELL'S I. IKK.
1881-1886, -i~ vols. All sets well and substantially hound.— Offers are
invited for any or all of the above by THE STEWARD, University
Pitt cluli, Cambridge.
halt's bu Auction.
The Collection of En
ngsofthe late JAMES A.
SLAT Kit, Esq.
\\ ESSKS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
-iM. will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No, 13. Wellington
street. Strand, W.C., on TUESDAY, Februarys, and Following Day,
:,t I o'clock precisely, ENGRAVINGS I Framed and in the Portfolio),
ding the COLLECTION of the late JAMES A. SLATER, Esq.,
.•t.;*. Me- klenbnrgh Square, comprising Engravings after Old Masters,
Drawings, &- ; other Properties, including a Collection of Coloured
Ap:;. tints att.r T. Rowlandson — K.ui. \ Subjects by K. Bartolozzi,
\V. Ward, T. Qangain. J. K. Sherwin, and others Arundel Society
Publications — Mezzotint and ..tier Portraits — Etchings by J. M.
Whistler, Seymour Haden, D. V. Cameron, &< .— a tew Sporting Prints
—Drawings m Water Colours, Jfec.
May he viewed, i atalogues ma] be had.
THE TRUMAN COLLECTIONS.
The valuable Library of the late EDWIN TRUMAN,
Esq., M.R.C.8.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
«ill SELL bj AUCTION In order of the Executors!, at their
House, No. 13, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. on TUESDAY,
February 13, and Three Following Days, at i o'clock precisely, the
valuable LIBB \i;\ ol the late EDW [N TRUM \Y Esq., M.R.C.S.
vi be viewed two .lavs prior, Catalogues may be had,
Valuable Engravings.
M ESsks. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON .V- HODGE
will SELL bj AUCTION, at their House, No IS, Wellington
Street, Strand, \\ C, on SAT1 i:i> \\ I ebruarj it. at I o'clock pre
\ M.l ABLE ENGRAVINGS I I and In the Portfolio),
prising Portraits after sir ,i Reynolds R. Cosway, SlrT. [iiwrei
i. Itomney, and others, Including a brilliant Impression Printed in
Colours ■*! Mrs. Fitzherbert. bi .' Conde Proofs bet Letters <>t
Mast, i Lambton and Ladj reel, by Samuel Cousins tie- Duchess of
Devonshire ami Child, bj o. Keating, Ac. Pancj Subjects ot the
English School, bj I' Bartolozzi, i; Earlom. R Strange, w War. I.
ana others, including A si James's Beaut) and A si Giles's Beauty,
' II Benwell iclj printed in Colours, 4c. Etchings
by Rembrandt, J. M. Whistler, .v.
m.i\ i..- viewed two days prior. Catalogues may i«- had.
Autograph Letteri and Signed Documents relating to
Hapoteon Buonaparte and his Family, the Property of the
late Mr. FREDERIC BARKER.
Mess lis. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON* HODGE
will SELL bj AUCTION, at theii House, No 13, •Wellington
Street, Strand, W.( , on MONDAY, February la. at i ... lock precisely,
M'I'iM.it U'll LETTERS and SIGNED DOCUMENTS, jtly
relating t" Hanoi Bu inrte and in. Family, French Generals,
fc Hi. Property ol the late Hi FREDERIC BARKER
May be viewed two days prioi Catalogues ma] be had.
Valuable Books.
M Essks PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
by AUCTION .i theii Qalleries, it. Lelcestei Square,
\\c. EARLl IN FEBRUAR1 raluahle BOOKS, including the
LIBRARY ol a GENTLEMAN, removed from Hertfordshire (by
order ot the Executors! a PORTION «•( the LIBRARY ot a
i "1. 1. lit TOR ifl 'tl Pro sa
/, '
V" S /' I I /
MR. .ii I i.\ ENS will OF] i.i Roonu,
i. Ira l>.i..|. KKAL
i i)LI I ■ I !•• ■ • II i 1 1 i l< I.Kl'llwil
that foi I '-. ih. I iU \ I.I M
in h-.--t . ..mlltloli
Cut
\|K. .1. c. STEVENS'S NEXT BALE ol
Li 1 CURIOS will Uke il i TUEMDA1 Feliruary «. and *ill
Include Ivory Carviiigs, 1J . from China and Jajmn
M mi. In ins Km lined and othel H I Drtnkiiig 'ut*.
Aims, and Curios rarious from the Congu New /ealand Cat
Bronzes icm India Victorian, Kelson, and othel R.
Weapons and Curios of ever] deal ription from all i*rt«.
On rlsm day prim in t.. i an. I moinni-'
application, from Mr J. ( s'l K\ ENH
1 ilon, U ,C.
FRIDA Y, February \ ■•> half-past I
Ml!. .1. ('. STEVENS, ol 38, King Street,
Covenl Garden, London, W ( . will offei f..i Kale S( ll.Nl ii (.
IN8THCM KVrs ,.t .,11 dew riutions Includii
Lanterns, .V:- togethei \wtli i large numiiei of Mm pii and
Lint. an slides; ..No s quantit; ot PHoTOGRAPHIl PLA
Printing Paperand Mounts ana Qanenl HisoaUaneoni I B
mi view day prior 8 to •'•. and morning of Sale. Catalogni
applii iti.ui.
Siinjl Boxes, Patch Boxes, Medals, Samplers, <bc.,from
/-, ivate Collections.
TUESDA >'. February 13, at half-past IS o'clock.
IK. J. ('. STEVENS will OFFER at his
M
Rooms, 38, King street. Corent Garden, London, W.C, ( II IN A
SNUFF BOXES, Medals, Fob Seals, Patch Boxes a large Collection
of Samplers, Miniatures. &,-.. the Property of the late W. W. ROBIN-
SON, Ks.i ; als,, a choice Collecti( I MINERALS, POIJ8HED
STONES, GEM CABINETS, Ac., from the Collection oi M .1 PELE-
GRIN, Esq.; als,. „,„,,.- MANDARINS Kill ROBES, China, Dank
Note-, Stamps, lio..ks. Jtc., from China ami Japan— Antique Watches-
arid a great variety of Miscellaneous Curios.
on view .lay prior in to 4, ami morning of Sale. Catalogues on
application.
M
Bare and Valuable Books.
ESSKS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, US, Chancery I- W.C. on
WEDNESDAY. February7, and Two Following Days, at 10 o'clock,
RARE ANli VALUABLE BOOKS, including C be's \*
Wellington — Orme's Military and Naval Anecdotes- Willian
oriental Field Sports, Original Edition- BoydeU's Views ol tie-
Thames Fielding's Tom of the English Lakes, and other fine Hooks
with Coloured Plates Stuart and Rerett's Athens, 4 vols.— Malton's
Views ol Dublin -Strutt'a Dies, ami llai. its of the People of England,
&.-.. :; vols., Coloured Copies, and other Topographical and Antiquarian
Works— Books relating to Norfolk— Eden a state of the Poor, I rols.—
Owen Jones's Grammar of Ornament, Original E&tfon— Hamerton's
landscape and the Graphic Arts, 2 rols.— other Kim- Art Book —
Early Printed and Black-letter Books— Books on Natural History and
Microscopy, with two Microscopes and a Collection of Slides— Nature,
a Complete Set to 1905— Chemical Society's Journal, from 187B toiixw,
67 vols.— Lever's Works, chiefly First Editions, i: vols, half-calf—
Jesse's Historical Works, Library Edition, SO vols.— The Edinburgh
Scott, 4s vols.— First Editions of Wordsworth, Stevenson. Surtees, and
others — j^ngravings relating to America, &c.
To be viewed and Catalogues had.
M
ESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON & WOODS
_ respectfuUy give Notice that they will hold the following
SALES by AUCTION at their Great Rooms, King Street, St. James's
Square, the Sales commencing at l o'clock precisely :—
On MONDAY. February 5, OLD PICTURES,
the Property of a GENTLEMAN and others.
On TUESDAY, February 6, OBJECTS of
VERTU, from the COLLECTION of the late H. J. PELEGRIN,
Esq., and COINS and MEDALS of Dr. ALEXANDER PATTER-
SON.
On WEDNESDAY, February7, BOOKS, from
the LIBRARIES of the late <;. B. WIELAND, Esq., C WENT-
woKTll WAss. Esq., deceased, and the late Sit ROSS 0 CONNELL,
Bart.
On THURSDAY, February 8, OLD ENGLISH
SILVER PLATE, the Pi irty of sir GEORGE ELLIOT, Bart.,
deceased ; THOMAS GRAHAM GRAHAM, Esq., deceased; M 1
PELEGRIN, Ks<i . deceased ; and others.
On FRIDAY, Eehrnarv !>. PORCELAIN and
DECORATIVE FURNITURE oi FREDERICK BOWER IN.,..
,l used: also ORIENTAL PORCELAIN and DECORATIVE
FURNITURE from various sources,
On SATURDAY, February 10, MODERN
PICTURES and DRAWINGS.
Bd. TI1K FEBRUARY 8s. U
0 N T E Ul'ORA R Y RE VI EW.
C
i:i\ \i. n \\ IBS B] the Right Hon t; Shaw Lefevre,
an AGNOSTICS PROGRESS il. By William Scott Palmer.
SCOTCH EDUCATION: HOV5 OUGHT IT TO BE ORGANISED
By James Donaldson, LL.D., Principal of St Andrews University,
THE CELTIC SPIRIT in LITERATURE B] Ha velock Ellis.
A nkw DEPARTURE in AMERICAN POLITICS, Bj H 11
l'.owen
NERVOUS BREAKDOY! n Bj i.utbii. Rankin, M.D.
THE MAKING OP 1 STATESMAN ByJ. 8. Mann.
THOUGHT: CONSCIOUSNESS: LIFE. Bj the Right Hon su
Edward Frj .
CAN UNIONISTS SUPPORT A HOME RULE GOVERNMENT!
Bj 1'iot a \ Dicey.
vicToitv, and n H at TO DO W nil it. By il. W, Maiingham
rORXIGN AFFAIRS. Bj Dr. E. J. Dillon.
lom'.on : HORACE MARSHALL m 80S
\>>
« K \V 0
SBBUARI i ■ i
LESSON* I ROM l HE BATTLE "I I 80 BOCA,
the A utli"! >>\ ' A I uinralty.'
AN OXFORD J SIMMER,
• ii'li-n of Wd/Jham.
EL LNGLESTTO
I Hi: DREAM OT THE DEAD WORLD.
By Ba
TO BQUAT01 Bj Andreii Balfoot.
I 'ii N'T BUNKER ' bap*. 7-1Z ByJ. Clouston,
M ■;> AND STUDIES FROM THE I.I I J
FIELD-MARSHAL 80ULT, Duke i f DalmAtia.
Bj < "1. .1. Hanl.uiy Willi.u.i-. O.V.O. C.l
•THE MASTER OF THE J-I-.'
J5\- Cbarles <Jliver.
THE PHYSICIANS OF THE VV]
[8LE8.
A NEW PYRAMUS AND THTSBE (The
Battle of Aughrim.) An Unpuliliisho -
Jiy William Carleton, Author of ' Traits
ruod Stories "f the Iriata Pea«aiit!y.'
MUSINGS WITHOUT METHOD.
The Genera] Election — The Triumph oi Pic-
torial Falsehood
— The Parliament of 1832 — Lord Randolph
Churchill.
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD <V SONS, K.linlmrgh and
London.
N
THE
LNETEENTH CENTURY AND AFT!
FEBRUARY
THE FLOOD. Bj Herbert Paul, M P.
THE ' KNTKN \i:v OF PITT. ByT. B EebbaL
MR. JOHN BURNS, THE WORKMAN-MINISTER. Br Robert
Donald.
A GREAT MORAL UPHEAVAL IB AMERICA. By Admiral 8ir
Cvprian A. o. Bridge, Q ' B
TIIK BISHOP OF LONDON "N THE DECLINING BIRTH RATE.
By John W. Taylur. Professor of Gyi . : luingham rniver-
sit.v.
THE CHILDREN OK THE CLERGY. By the Right Rev. Bishop.
V elldon.
AN OFFICIAL REGISTRATION OF PRIVATE ART v"LLKa-
TION8. Bj Mis. s. Arthur Strong, LLI'.
A VISIT To THE ( OURT OF THE TA8H1 LAMA. By C. Vernon
Hagniac, late 1'rhan - the Ifritish t'omnjistioner in
Tibet
THE DEANS MEMORIAL AND THE ATHANASIAN (.REEK.
By the Wry Rev. the Dean of I.i. hrit-1.1.
THE READING OF THE MODERN CilHL. By Florence B. Low.
THE REVIEWING OF FICTION. By Richard B
CHURCH AND STATE IN RUSSIA ByJ. Ellis ILjrker.
THE NATIVE AND THE WHITE IN SOUTH AFRICA By
W. F. Bailey, F.E.G.8., Irish Land ( ..ruinissioner.
I..I VI. LUTONOM1 \ND IMPERIAL I'XITV : the Eian.
Germany. I ttrelL
London: SIMTTISWooDE i (O. I.iviti - ire.
THE BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine Street,
London, W C, FEBRUARY t, oontains : -
The Cypms Mnseum <>f Ancient Pottery; A WldeOosJo
from Pans ; Note* on New liuildinp? in London .VI. ; The l'.i>:<-«nt at
Warwick Castle : The Ia.ii. ion County Council ami 1
Mathematical Data for Architect* iStudent s Column : Sedilin !■
Catheilral; Workinc Men st'olleire Camden To* n : The Nem Or.
School, Lincoln : s. h.s.l and Houses. Brisbane, Australia; Jtc- I
Office as above +'. : by is.st tyi. . or throosjb any Newaaflent,
Limited,
MOZART ANNIVER8ART.
T E. C O R N I S H.
fj . 11 \\ E FOB SALE
AN ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT
By MOZART.
Pianoforte Concerto ii I dnal full scire. h»* the
following inw ription, also in Mozart's o»n handwriting : " N » Concerto
di Cembalo del agr. Oav. Aui:nloo Mozart nel gennaro 1776 » Salxborg."
It is :i small oblong score beantifnUy written and in good
Booksellers and Stationers. H - B .ire, Manchester.
. \ idvertised (or ■ mililj in
'THE PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR AND
BOOKSELLERS' RECORD'
Est iBuam
Which also gives Lists of th< Pi Books mtbUrhed during
the week, Announcements of New Hooks, fkc
Subscribers have the privilege of a Fref Adreitisement for
i .in Hooks Wanted wiwilj
sent ioi 52 weeks, post free, for s-s. inf. home ami ii*. foreign
Subscription.
I'KH 1 I llKIK IIAL1TKNCK WKKKLY.
()rti«.e : .'St. Donstan's Honae, Ketter Lane, London.
N°4084, Feb. 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
123
MUDIE'S LIBRARY.
POUNDED 1842.
For the CIRCULATION and SALE of the BEST BOOKS
in ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, RUSSIAN, ITALIAN,
SPANISH, DUTCH, and SCANDINAVIAN.
The Collection comprises the Best Standard
Works published during the past Sixty Years.
TERMS PER ANNUM.
Volumes in the Country ; or,
8
6
4
3
1
1
Volumes Delivered free in LONDON
and Nearer Suburbs
Volumes in the Country ; or,
Volumes Delivered free in LONDON
and Nearer Suburbs
[£3 3 0
£2 2 0
Volume, Exchanged Daily at the\ t>~\ 1 f\
Library Counter J * ■*■ W
Volume (for Books of Past Seasons)
}10s.8d.
Half - Yearly, Quarterly, and Monthly
Subscriptions can also be entered.
SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT has been made with
MESSRS. PICKFORD for the exchange of Library Books
TO and FROM Subscribers' Houses for 3d. per DOUBLE
JOURNEY.
PARCEL POST DEPARTMENT for SUBSCRIBERS
residing at a DISTANCE from any RAILWAY STATION.
Terms on application.
ALL BOOKS are offered SECOND-HAND as soon as the
demand in the LIBRARY will permit. List free on appli-
cation.
MUDIE'S SELECT LIBRARY, Limited,
30-34, NEW OXFORD STREET, W.C.
241, BROMPTON ROAD, S.W.
48, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.
EDWARD STANFORD'S
STANDARD GEOLOGICAL WORKS.
♦
STANFORD'S GEOLOGICAL
ATLAS OF GREAT BRITAIN.
WITH PLATES OF CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS.
By HORACE B. WOODWARD, F.R.S. F.G.S.
Comprising 34 Coloured Maps and 16 Double-Page
Plates of Fossils, with 149 pp. of Text, illus-
trated by 17 Sections and Views.
Crown 8vo, cloth, 12*. Qd. net. (Postage, 4cZ. )
"Crammed full of information of the best quality."
Geological Magazine.
"This is a remarkably interesting and useful bonk."
Glaxyow Herald.
OUTLINES OF GEOLOGY. An
Introduction to the Science for Junior Students and
General Headers. By JAMES GELKIE, LL.D. F.R.S.,
Murchison Professor of Geology and Mineralogy at the
University <>f Edinburgh. Willi 400 Illustrations.
Fourth Edition. Large post 8vo, cloth, 12k.
THE STUDENT'S HANDBOOK OF
STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY. I?v A. J. JUKES-
BROWNE, B.A. F.G.S., late of the Geological Survey
of England and Wales. Illustrated with Maps, Diagrams,
and Figures of Fossils. Based on the same Author's
'Student's Handbook of Historical Geology.' Large
post 8vo, cloth, 12*. net.
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY AND
GEOGRAPHY OF GREAT BRITAIN, liy Sir
LNDREW C RAMSAY, LL.D. F.li.S., &r., late
Director - General of the Geological Survey, sixth
Edition. Edited by HORACE 15. WOODWARD,
P.G.8., of the Geological Survey. With numerous
Illustrations ami a Geological Map of Great Britain,
printed in Colours. Post BVO, cloth, 10«. (id.
London
EDWARD STANFORD, 12, 13, and 14,
Long Acre, W.C,
Geographer to Jliti ilajexty the King.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE HISTORICAL SERIES. Under the General
Editorship of G. W. Prothero, Litt.D,, Honorary Fellow of King's College, Cambridge.
The aim of this Series is to sketch the history of Modern Europe, with that of
its chief colonies and conquests, from about the end of the fifteenth century down
to the present time. The histories of the different countries are described, as a rule,
separately. The series is intended for the use of all persons anxious to understand
the nature of existing political conditions. "The roots of the present lie deep in
Recent volumes : the past."
SCANDINAVIA. A Political History of Denmark, Norway, and
Sweden, from 1513 to 1900. By R. Nisbet Bain, Author of ' The Daughter of Peter the
Great,' ' Charles XII. and the Collapse of the Swedish Empire.'
Crown 8vo,
5 Maps
7s 6d
" Mr. Bain's story is, by force of circumstances, highly compressed, but he has
succeeded in making it both clear and attractive." — Spectator
" There is no book in English that deals in such a scholarly and concise
manner with the whole range of Scandinavian history through the five centuries of
ceaseless mutation and development."— Literary World
EUROPE AND THE FAR EAST. By Sir Robert K. Douglas,
Keeper of Oriental Printed Books and MSS. at the British Museum, Professor of
Chinese at King's College, London.
Crown 8vo,
4 Maps
7s 6d
"Sir Robert Douglas has produced a most valuable text-book on a very
difficult subject, and one that should be studied as well as read." — Athenaeum
"A remarkably interesting history of the relations which have prevailed
between the nations of the West and the Empires of China, Japan, Annam, and
Siam." — Outlook
THE EXPANSION OF RUSSIA, 1815-1900. By F. H. Skrine,
Author of 'The Life of Sir William Wilson Hunter,' 'An Indian Journalist.'
Second Edition.
Crown 8vo,
3 Maps
6s
"It is impossible to withhold our admiration at the amount of labour bestowed
on this volume, the exactitude of the facts given, the conciseness and lucid order of
their arrangement, and the consequent interest of the'book as a whole."
Quarterly Review
"Clear, well written, and interesting." — Scotsman
THE REVOLUTIONARY AND NAPOLEONIC ERA, 1789-1815.
By J. Holland Rose, Litt.D., Author of 'A Life of Napoleon L,' ' Napoleonic Studies.
Fifth Impression.
Crown 8vo
4 Maps
4s 6d
"The author has admirably worked out the central idea, which he has made
the cardinal feature of his work; he has grouped his facts around it with remark-
able skill ; he has, for the msst part, placed events in their true proportions and
just significance ; and he has described the actors, in the great scenes lie sets out,
well. His narrative is well arranged and attractive ; his information and research
are copious." — Academy
"For a condensation of history, Mr. Rose's book is wonderfully readable."
Cape Times
ANNALS OF POLITICS AND CULTURE, 1492-1899. By
G. P. Gooch, M.A,, with an Introductory Note by the late Lord Acton. Second Impression.
Demy 8vo,
7s 6d net
"On the left-hand page stand the annals of politics ; on each right-hand page
the annals of culture (in its widest sense), grouped under black-letter beads. By
a system of numbering each paragraph a student is enabled, with the aid of an
almost complete index, to trace the chronological sequence of the development <>f
a people on a department of art, literature, and science." — English Historical Review
"A book which no student should be without, and which every general reader
will find useful."— Spectator
AN INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY.
F.R.S., President of the Geological Society.
By J. E. Marr, Sc.D.
Crown 8vo,
3s net
"He who reads and digests the book will acquire a sound knowledge "f the
rudiments of the science." — Athenceu/m
" Suitable both to the general reader and the student making his first acquaint-
ance witli the subject.''— Geographical Journal
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF SOME
By 0. H. Latter, M.A., Science Master at Charterhouse School.
Series.)
COMMON ANIMALS.
(Cambridge Biological
Crown 8vo,
5s net
" An excellent book, written by a man who is equally iii bis element whether he
writes as an outdoor naturalist or as a laboratory Student. This conibinat Eon i-- by
no means a common one, and it is just the combination that is wanted for i book Of
this kind." Xaturc
"Mr. Latter knows how to make his information attractive."
Westminster Gazette
London : Cambridge University Press Warehouse, Fetter Lane : O. F, Clay, Manager.
KM
MR
EDWARD ARNOLD'S
LIST.
NEW SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
A M \v "i;inn\ \ ri.ri Of BOTH POURICB iv
J HI AI IIIOR 1)1 ' 1111. -I BTHING POT.'
HYACINTH.
BtQBOBOI a. rikmincham. [sYon&qr.
THE HOUSE OF SHADOWS.
By UOtt \I.D .1 1 AltltKIt,
Autliur of 'The Garden of Asia.' [Xtxt week.
MRS. SIDGWICKS NEW NOVEL.
THE PROFESSORS LEGACY.
By MM. ALFRED SIDGWICK,
Author of 'Cynthia's Way,' 'The Beryl Stone-..' ' Scenes of
.Ie\vi-h Life,' Ac."
NOW RE \\<\
AT ALL LIBRARIES AND BOOKSELLKK- .
SIXTH TUOL'SAXD.
A STAFF OFFICERS
SCRAP-BOOK.
By Lieut. -Gen. Sir IAN HAMILTON, K.C.B.,
British Attache with the Japanese Army.
THE £INEID OF VIRGIL.
With a Translation by CHARLES J. BILLSON, M.A.
Corpus Christ] College, Oxford.
2 vols, crown 4to, 30a1. net.
These handsome volumes contain on the left-hand page a
text based on Conington's, and on the right a line-for-line
translation in blank verse.
LORD H0BH0USE: a Memoir.
By L. T. HOBHOUSE and J. L. HAMMOND.
With Portraits. Demy 8vo. 12*. 6d. net.
THE ROMANCE OF EMPIRE.
By PHILIP GIBBS. With Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 6*.
NEW SCIENTIFIC WORKS.
RECENT ADVANCES IN
PHYSIOLOGY AND BIO-
CHEMISTRY.
Edited by LEONARD HILL, M.B. F.R.S.
Lecturer on Physiology, the London Hospital. Demy 8vo,
xii-740 pages, 18*. net.
A MANUAL OF
PHARMACOLOGY.
By WALTER K. DIXON, M.A. M.D. B.Sc. Lond.
D.P.H. Canib.
\ -Nt;int bo the Downing Professor of Medicine in the
University of Cambridge, Examiner in Pharmacology in the
Universities of Cambridge and Glasgow.
Demy Bvo, 16& net.
VALVES AND VALVE GEAR
MECHANISMS.
By W. E. DALBV, M.A. B.Sc. M.Inst.C.E. M.I.M.E.
Professor of Engineering, City and Guilds of London Central
Technical College,
Royal 8vo, with numerous Illustrations, 21*. net
NEW AM) REVISED EDITION.
FOOD AND THE PRINCIPLES
OF DIETETICS.
By ROBERT III It HISON, M.D.Edin. F.R.C.P.
Assistant Physician to the London Boapitai and to the
Hospital for sick Children.
Demy 8vo, illustrated, 1(5*. net
London :
EDWARD ARNOLD, 41 and 43, Maddux St., W.
II
A T 1 1 E N AI U M
N i"M. Feb. 3, 1906
MR. MURRAY'S NEW HOOKS.
THE AFRICANDER LAND.
By ARCHIBALD It. CM.^l IK UN, Authoi of ' ! '
10#. Ilel.
With ;
Medium 8vo«
[Just out.
"A storehouse of illuininatinK and prad ii .1 < oncluaiom on an intricate nibject."— Outlook.
" A nod « iss '<<>d ihouxhiful book, marked i.y ■ broad and stau-miianlike outlook— a permanent possession a* well as
a source of Information."- oaUy Mail.
"An ably written and refreshing book ; one of the few that have been written in a spirit Of fairness and independents."
> orktlart 1/aUj J
THE GERMAN OFFICIAL ACCOUNT OF THE WAR
IN SOUTH AFRICA.
Prepared in the Historical Section of the Great Genera) Staff, Berlin. With Maps and Plans. Demy 6*0, 1S». net each.
IMit 1. from its co.MMENCE.ME.vi in ISM fO THE CAPTURE 01 GENERAL CRONJB'8 FORCES AT
PAARDEberg. Translated by OoL w. ft ii. waters, r.a. c.v.o. [Already public
Pakt II. -THE ADVANCE TO PRETORIA, Till. I PIPES II i.l.LA CAMPAIGN. Ac TTSlEBMltflfl to CoL
HUBERT DC CANE, R.A. M.V.O. [Just out.
"The most valuable work in which, since its close, the war baa been discussed. It stands alone, because it
only work in which the war has been surveyed by trained ami competent students of war, the only one of which the
judgment! are based on a familiarity with the modem theory of war The best book that ha.s yet appeared on tht
African War." — Morning Post.
"The student of war will find in this volume many important lessons, lessons which it would be fatal to ignore in the
ruction of officers and the training of troops."— Daily Bern.
instruct
CHEAP EDITION.
OUR NAVAL HEROES.
A Series of Biographies. Bv VARIOUS WRITERS. Edited by G.
CHARLES BERESFORD. With Portraits. Demy 8vo, 5*. net.
E. MARINDIN.
With a Preface by LORD
[Just out.
THE THREE DORSET CAPTAINS AT TRAFALGAR.
THOMAS MASTERMAN HARDY, CHARLES BULLEN,
AND HENRY DIGBY.
By A. M. BROADLEY, Author of ' Tunis Past and Present,' and ' How We Defended Arabi,' Ac, and R, G. BARTELOT,
M.A., Author of the 'History of Crewkerne School.' With Portraits and other Illustrations. Demy Svo, 15*. net.
[Just cut.
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF
GIOVANNI ANTONIO BAZZI, 1477-1549.
(HITHERTO USUALLY STYLED "SODOMA.") By R. H. HOBART CUST. With numerous Illustrations.
Demy 8vo, 21s. net.
NEW EDITION (NINTH).
OLD ENGLISH PLATE.
Ecclesiastical, Decorative, and Domestic, its Makers and Marks. By WILFRID J. CRIPPS, C.B. F.S.A., Author of
' College and Corporation Plate,' ' Old French Plate,' &c. With 123 Illustrations and upwards of 2,600 Facsimiles of Plate
Marks. Demy 8vo, 21*.
THE ELEVEN EAGLETS OF THE WEST.
By PAUL FOUNTAIN, Author of "The Great North-West,' 'The Great Deserts and Forests of North America,' 'The
Great Mountains and Forests of South America,' <fcc. Demy 8vo, 10*. 6d. net.
NEW EDITION (FIFTH).
THINGS JAPANESE.
Being Notes on Various Subjects connected with Japan. For Use of Travellers and others. By BASH. HALL CHAM-
BERLAIN, Emeritus Professor of Japanese and Philology in the Imperial University of Tokyo. Demy bvo, 10*. 6tf. net.
[Just out.
SECOND EDITION, REYISED AND ENLARGED.
MARINE BOILERS.
Their Construction and Working, dealing more especially with Tubulous Boilers. Based on the work bv L. E. BERTIN,
late Chief Constructor of the French Navy. Translated and Edited by LESLIE s. ROBERTSON, M.liw ( . E.
M.I.Meeh.E. M.I.N.A. With a New Chapter on 'Liquid Fuel' by Engineer-Lieut H. C. ANsTEY, R.N. A.M.Li-
M.LMech.E. With a Preface by Sir WILLIAM WHITE. With numerous Ulustrations. Demy Svo, U, 1*. net.
CHEAP EDITION.
RAILWAYS AND THEIR RATES.
With an Appendix on the British Canal Problem. By EDWIN A. PRATT, Author of 'The Organisation of Agriculture,'
'Trade Unionism and British Industry,' Ac. In Paper Covers. Large crown 8TO, U, net. [Just ready.
NEW SIX-SHILLING N0YEL.
THE
H A T A N E E.
By ARTHUR EGGAR. With Frontispiece. 0*.
This is a remarkable book ; a novel, the scene of which is laid in British Burma, and the incidents of which are based
on actual facts. The weird superstitions of the Burmese form admirable material for a story id this kind.
THE MONTHLY REVIEW.
THE FASCINATION OF PARLIAMENT.
Donagh.
LORD RANDOLPH (111 Hi HILL. "X."
LNCTENT AND MODERN CLASSICS AS INSTRU-
MENTS OF EDUCATION. The President of Mag-
dalen,
mii I \I.1SM AM) THE MAN IN THE STREET. W. R.
Malcolm.
Edited by CHARLES II AXIU'UY. WILLIAMS.
FEBRUARY, L986.
Michael Mac- FROFDE AND 1 ltl'.l'.MAN. Ronald McNeill.
; A FORGOTTEN i'i;i\< I 98. R-ginnH Lucas.
\ ril.i.IMM \i.l KM LNOSBA Rupert Hughes.
01 LN IRISH STREAM. " Lemon Grey.'
ON Till I.I M
A PAGE OF CLAY. Chips. 7-10. Horace Auneslcy
Vachcll.
LORD BYRON AND LORD LOVELACE. John Murray.
London : JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street, W.
N°4084, Feb. 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
125
MESSRS. LONGMANS & CO/S LIST.
THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND.
Edited by the Rev. WILLIAM HUNT, D.Litt., President of the Royal Historical Society,
AND
REGINALD LANE POOLE, M.A. Ph.D., Editor of the 'English Historical Review.'
IN TWELVE VOLUMES. The price of each Volume is 7s. 6d. net, if sold separately, but
Complete Sets may be subscribed for through the Booksellers at the price of JE4 net, payment being made
at the rate q/"6s. 8d. net on the delivery of each Volume.
NEW VOLUME BY DR. HODGKIN, BEING VOLUME I.
FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE
NORMAN CONQUEST.
By THOMAS HODGKIN, D.C.L. Litt.D.
Fellow of University College, London, Fellow of the British Academy.
[O71 Monday next.
The other Volumes now published are as follows: —
Vol. II. From 1066-1216. By GEORGE BURTON ADAMS, Professor of History in Yale University. With 2 Maps.
Vol. III. From 1216-1377. By T. F. TOUT, M.A., Professor of Mediaeval and Modern History in the University of
Manchester. With 3 Maps.
Vol. X. From 1760-1801. By the Rev. WILLIAM HUNT, M.A. D.Litt. Trinity College, Oxford. With 3 Maps.
INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY: a Comparative Study of Industrial
Life in England, Germany, and America. By ARTHUR SHADWELL, M.A. M.D., Author of 'Drink, Temperance,
and Legislation.' 2 vols. 8vo, 26s. net. [On Monday next.
*** The author is careful to explain that his new work has no connexion vnth the "fiscal controversy." It was planned,
and the investigation on which it is based was carried out, he writes, before the present controversy arose. 'But it was
inspired by the same, circumstances — namely, the growing pressure of international competition in industry, which is evidently
going to be the warfare of the future. It essays to deal with the other side of that problem, and to examine the conditions
under which industries are carried on in the three leading industrial countries, apart from tariffs."
INTERNATK NAL LAW: A TREATISE. By L. Oppenheim,
LL.D., Lecturer in Public International Law at the London School of Economics and Political Science (University
of London), and Member of the Faculty of Economics and Political Science of the University of London : formerly
Professor Ordinarius of Law in the University of Basle (Switzerland). In 2 vols. 8vo. Vol. I. Peace. Vol. II. War
and Neutrality, 18s. net each volume.
STEAM TURBINES: their Development, Styles of Build,
Contraction, and Uses. By WILHELM GENTSCH, Kaiserl. Regierangsrat und Mitglied des Patentamts.
Translated from the German by ARTHUR R. LIDDELL. With 4 Plates and 637 Illustrations in the Text. Royal
8vo, 21s. net.
THE WESTMINSTER LIBRARY.
A SERIES OF MANUALS FOR CATHOLIC PRIESTS AND STUDENTS.
Edited by the Right Rev. Mgr. WARD, President of St. Edmund's College, Ware, and the
Rev. HERBERT THURSTON, S.J.
THE TRADITION OF SCRIPTURE: its Origin, Authority, and
Interpretation. By the Rev. WILLIAM BARRY, D.D., sometime Scholar of the English College, Rome, formerly
Professor of Theology in St. Mary's College, Oscott. Crown 8vo, 3s. Gd. net.
Other Volumes of the Series are in preparation.
NEW COLLECTED RHYMES. By Andrew Lang. Crown 8vo, 4s. 6d. net.
Loyal Lyrics— Cricket Rhymes— Jubilee Poems— Critical of Life, Art, and Literature— Folk Songs— Ballads.
"For enjoyable, bright, and in many cases inspiring reading they are not to be easily beaten."— Nottingham Guardian.
THE SILVER LIBRARY.— New Volumes.
SELECTIONS FROM THE WRITINGS OF LORD MACAULAY. Edited,
with Occasional Notes, by the Right Hon. Sir G. O. TREVELYAN, Bart. Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d.
STELLA FREGELIUS : a Tale of Three Destinies. By H. Rider Haggard.
Crown 8vo, 3s. Gd.
THE EDINBURGH REVIEW.
L PROTECTION AND THE WORKING CLASSES.
2. RELIGION UNDER THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.
& NOVELS WITH A PHILOSOPHY.
4. FANNY BURNEY, HER DIARY AND HER DAYS.
6. THE BRITISH MUSEUM LIBRARY and it* CATA
No. 415. JANUARY, 1006. 8vo, price 6$.
6. LUCRETIUS AND HIS TIM ES.
7. THE VISIONARY ART OF WILLIAM BLAKE.
8. THOUGHT IN ARCHITECTURE.
0. N.\ III LNIEL HAWTHORNE, MAN AND AUTHOR.
10. THE GROWTH OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY.
n. THE FALL OF MR BALFOUR'S GOVERNMENT.
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO. 39, Paternoster Row, London, E.C.; New York and Bombay.
READY IN A FEW DAYS.
Royal 8vo, cloth, 6s. net.
69th YEAR OF ISSUE.
THE
ENGLISH
CATALOGUE
OF
BOOKS
FOR
19 05,
GIVING IN ONE ALPHABET, UNDER
AUTHOR, TITLE, AND SUBJECT, THE
SIZE, PRICE, MONTH OF PUBLICA-
TION, AND PUBLISHER OF
BOOKS ISSUED IN THE
UNITED KINGDOM
AND OF SOME OF THOSE ISSUED IN
THE UNITED STATES.
BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE 'LONDON '
AND 'BRITISH' CATALOGUES.
" The English Catalogue is in-
dispensable."— Athenceum.
Specimen Copy of the Publishers'
Circular and Booksellers' Record
will be sent post free to any address.
Particulars of all New Books are
given, and 3,000 Books Wanted are
advertised for.
London :
THE PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR, Limited,
St. DiiiistiursJH(.UKi\M'Yttrrtl.:ui.\ E.C.
126
T II E A T II EN .1: l' M
N 1084, Feb. 3, L906
MACMELLAN & CO.'S
NEW HOOKS.
sun HEADY
LORD RANDOLPH
CHURCHILL.
l.Y
WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL, M.P.
with r
111 ■_' \"K <li"iny Bro, 80* Mi-I.
YOLUME II. OF THE NEW EDITION.
GROVES
DICTIONARY OF
MUSIC & MUSICIANS
NKW EDITION.
EditedbyJ. A.FULLERMAITLAXD.MA.F.S.A.
In Five Volumes. VoL EL, 1 L, Bvo, 21*. net [Tuesday.
Previmuly published., VoL L, A — K, 21*. net.
VOL. II. HKADY NEXT TUESDAY.
OBSERVATIONS OF A
NATURALIST IN THE PACIFIC
BETWEEN 1896 AND 1899.
By EL 15. QUPPY, M.B. F.K.s.E.
Vol. II. PLANT-DISPERSAL.
With Illustrations and Maps. Bvo, 21*. net.
*»* Pn viout&y published.
Vol. I. VANUA LEVU, FIJI:
lis Physical and Geological Characters. 8vo, 15«. net.
SECOND EDITION.
THE FOUNDERS OF GEOLOGY.
I'.y Sir ARCHIBALD OEIKIE, F.R.S. D.C.L. D.Sc. 8vo,
10*. net. [Tuesday.
NEW EDITION. REVISED AND ENLARGED.
A HANDBOOK OF GREEK
SCULPTURE.
By ERNEST ARTHCR GARDNER, M.A., Yates Pro-
fessor of Archaeology in University College, London. Extra
crown 8vo, with Illustrations. Part I. 5*. ; Part II. 5s. ;
complete 10*.
In this edition the text has been carefully revised
throughout, and for the convenience of students new
material, such as t he recent discoveries at Adelphi and
in Crete, has been dealt with in the form of an Appendix
(l*. net), which is supplied separately to those who already
OSBMS the former edition.
THE RELIGION OF NUMA,
And other Essavs on the Religion of Ancient Rome. By
.IESSF. BENEDICT CARTER, Professor of Latin in
Princeton University. Crown »v«, 3*. <>rf. net
CHRISTIANITY AND THE
WORKING CLASSES.
Edited by C. EORG E HAW. Crown Svo, 3*. 6d. net.
[Tuesday.
BY EDWARD BRADFORD TITCHENER.
EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY.
\ Manual of Laboratory Practice. By EDWARD BRAD-
FORD TITCHENER .svo. VoL TX Quantitative Experi-
ments. Part I. Student's Manual, 6*. net ; Part II. Instruc-
tor's Manual, 10». <W. net.
THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN
PAINTING.
By SAMUEL IsllAM. With 12 Full-Page Photogravures
and 121 Illustrations in the Text. .Super-royal Bro, 21*. net.
VIKINGS OF THE PACIFIC.
Being a Companion Volume to 'The Pathfinders of the
We>I.' By A. C. LAl'T. Richlv illustrated. Extra crown
.svo, B*. W. net.
MACMJLLAN k CO., Limited, London.
HURST & BLACKETT'S
LIST.
A NEW AND IMPORTANT BOOK BY
MISS MEAKIN.
In 1 vol. demy Svo, with Illustrations, price 16-.
RUSSIA,
Travels and Studies.
By ANNETTE M. 15. MEAKIN,
Author of ' A Ribbon of Iron,' &c.
"Miss Meakio is a li^'lit, anecdotal, and pic-
turesque recorder, who tries to bring before us the
subjects of the Tsar as they live, move, and liave
their being." — Daily Chronirlv.
"The boob gives a moat interesting account of
the success of German subjects of the Tsar settled
in Russia proper among less progressive neigh-
bours."— PaU Mall Gazette.
" Miss Meakin has produced a most readable
and informative book on Russia. The Russia she
describes is the normal Russia, not the Russia of
war and revolution." — Scotsman.
MRS. ALEC TWEEDIE'S NEW WORK.
READY FEBRUARY 15.
In 1 vol. royal 8vo, with numerous Illustrations
from Photographs taken especially for this book,
a Coloured Plate, and Maps, price 21*. net.
P0RFIRI0 DIAZ,
Seven Times President of Mexico.
By MRS. ALEC TWEEDIE,
Author of ' Mexico as I saw it,' &c.
A remarkable volume about the life's history of
a man born in obscurity, who has lived a wildly
exciting life as a soldier, and who played an
important part in the history of Maximilian and
Carlota, and who has now assumed the position of
perpetual President and brought his country from
chaos and revolution to peace and prosperity.
NEW NOVEL BY CARL JOUBERT.
NOW READY, in 1 vol. crown 8vo, price 6*.
THE WHITE HAND.
By CARL JOUBERT,
Author of ' Russia as It Really Is,' ' The Fall
of Tzardom,' &c.
NEW NOYEL BY OLIVER ONIONS.
READY MONDAY NEXT, FEBRUARY 6.
In 1 vol. crown Svo, price G*.
THE DRAKESTONE.
By OLIVER ONIONS,
Author of ' The Odd Job Man,' &c.
MRS. FRED REYNOLDS'S NEW NOVEL.
READY MONDAY, FEBRUARY 12.
In 1 vol. crown Svo, price 6a.
IN SILENCE.
By Mrs. FRED REYNOLDS,
Author of 'The Man with the Wooden Face,' &c.
HURST & BLACK ETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
ALSTON RIVERS, Ltd., have
pleasure in announcing the early
publication of a Volume of Essays by
W. M. THACKERAY,
now first collected, edited with an
Introduction by R. S. GARNETT,
entitled
THE
NEW SKETCH BOOK
350 pp., demy 8vo, 7s. Gd. net.
FICTION.
THE PURSUIT OF
MR. FAVIEL. 6s.
A Second Impression of Mr. R. E.
Yernede's clever and amusing book is
now ready. " A more delightful piece
of humorous nonsense we have not come
across since the day of 'Vice- Versa.' " —
Yorkshire Observer.
MRS. ERRICKER'S
REPUTATION.
6s.
Mr. Thomas Cobb's new novel, now
ready, is perhaps the best, certainly
the wittiest, story this popular author
has ever written.
MY CORNISH NEIGHBOURS.
3s. 6d.
In the portrayal of the characteristics,
humourous and otherwise, of the
dwellers in Cornwall, Mrs. Havelock
Ellis has already proved herself an
adept. Her latest work is not only
exceptionally entertaining, but is tinged
throughout by the peculiar glamour of
the ' Delectable Duchy.'
[Ready shortly.
THE FIFTH QUEEN.
6s.
A historical novel by Ford Madox
Hueffer, whose literary work in other
directions has achieved much high dis-
tinction Sure of a cordial welcome.
' The Fifth Queen ' is a romance of
the Tudor period, deriving its title from
Catherine Howard, though the interest is
1 »y no means confined to the splendour and
intrigues of the Court. [Ready shortly.
London :
ALSTON RIVERS, Ltd., Arundel Street, W.C.
N°4084, Feb. 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
127
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1906.
PAGE
Italian Literature, Part II 127
The History of Derbyshire 128
A Pietist of the Napoleonic Wars 130
The Story of the Tweed 131
New Novels (Hugo ; Barnaby's Bridal ; The Scar ;
The Arrow of the North ; Cache la Poiulre ;
Through the Rain ; Sous le Fardeau ; Les Etour-
deries de la Chanoinesse) 131 — 132
Two London Books 132
Algeria 133
Our Library Table (The Military Life of the Duke
of Cambridge ; The Comedy of Protection ; The
Memoirs of D'Hautpoul ; New Zealand Official
Year-Book ; L'Union Britannique ; Egyptiens et
Anglais ; Part of a Man's Life ; The Salt of my
Life ; The Perplexed Parson ; Sa' Zada Tales ;
Crabbe's Poems ; The Navigations of Pantagruel ;
The Arts and Crafts Movement ; Homer ; Lippin-
cott's Gazetteer of the World ; Blackie's Standard
Dictionary, and other Reprints ; The Upper Nor-
wood Athenfeum) 133—136
List of New Books 136
Two Versions from the Old Irish ; Education
in the Channel Islands ; The Swinton
Charters 137—138
Literary Gossip 138
Science — Our Library Table (The Zoological
Society; The World of To-day); The Question
of the N Rays ; Societies ; Meetings Next
Week; Gossip 140—143
Fine Arts— The Cathedral Builders in England ;
The Grafton Gallery ; The Royal Institute
of British Architects ; Sales ; Gossip 143—145
Music — Broadwood Concerts ; Mozart Comme-
moration ; London Symphony Concert; Gossip;
Performances Next Week 146—147
Drama — Nero ; The Heroic Stubbs ; French
Plays; Gossip 147—148
Index to Advertisers 148
LITERATURE
ITALIAN LITERATURE.
ii.
In the field of history publications
abound. A foremost place is taken by
the ' Proceedings of the
history International Congress of
Sciences,' held at Rome in
April, 1903, a fine collection of studies
and researches upon various questions
of history, archaeology, and literature
by eminent men of all nationalities. All
other publications of the year are sur-
passed by the stupendous reissue of
' Storia di Venezia nella Vita Privata ' of
Pompeo Molmenti. This new edition, rich
in the finest engravings, has been entirely
recast by the author, who has spent on
his masterpiece twenty years and more of
loving care and study. It is a noble piece
of work, abreast of modern criticism.
In the first volume, of which an English
edition is in preparation, translated by
Mr. Horatio Brown, Molmenti treats of
the period of greatness of Venice, and
studies it in all the manifestations of life of
that glorious people. I must mention other
works on mediaeval history, first among
which I place ' Napoli Greco-Romana
esposta nella Topografia e nella Vita,' a
posthumous work of the eminent Nea-
politan historian Bartolommeo Capasso.
The Italian Middle Ages are dealt with by
P. Villari in ' The First Two Centuries of the
History of Florence,' freshly studied by
him in this new edition; Romolo Caggese,
who in Prato finds a study of ' A Free
Community at the Gates of Florence in
the Thirteenth Century ' ; Saverio la
Sorsa, ' L' Organizzazione dei Cambiatori
Fiorentini nel Medio Evo ' ; Ferdinando
Carlesi, ' Origini della Citta e del Comune
di Prato ' ; Niccolo Rodolico, ' La Demo-
crazia Fiorentina nel suo tramonto ' ; and
Francesco Tarducci in his pleasing his-
torical reconstructions regarding ' Fran-
cesco d' Assisi.' I should notice also
Antonio Battistella, 'II S. Officio e la
Riforma Religiosa in Bologna,' and Leo-
poldo Pulle, ' Dalle Crociate a oggi,' a
review of the orders — military, religious,
and knightly — of the whole world (1048-
1904). Then follow publications on the
period of the Renaissance, among which
must be specified the ' Biblioteca Storica
del Risorgimento Italiano,' which has been
enriched by new volumes. ' Nell' Otto-
cento,' by Ernesto Masi, is a collection
of historical essays written with the
nicety of taste and acuteness of per-
ception that are characteristic of this
writer, one of the best of Italian essayists ;
and ' I Martiri di Belfiore,' by Ales-
sandro Luzio, is a powerful study
compiled from documents hitherto un-
known. Two fine books on Rome are the
translation of Stendhal's ' Rome,' includ-
ing many illustrations, and ' I Rioni di
Roma,' by Giuseppe Baracconi, adorned
with reproductions of water-colour paint-
ings by Roesler Franz. The system of em-
bellishing books of art or history with illus-
trations has found great favour amongst
us, and indicates a real progress in cul-
ture in the publishers themselves. Note-
worthy is a volume of peculiar interest to
Tuscany, that of Matilde Bartolommei
Gioli, ' II Rivolgimento Toscano e l'Azione
Popolare,' which throws new light upon
that pacific Tuscan revolution which deter-
mined the flight of Leopold II., and in
which the principals of the aristocracy took
part, almost as if dragged thither by the
hair. Signora Gioli's book demonstrates
that they were then neither prepared for
nor favourable to Italian unity, as they
became later. A small number of bio-
graphies of the Risorgimento are worthy,
I think, of being read and studied :
that of Cavour by Domenico Zanichelli,
of Crispi by Giorgio Arcoleo, of Leopardi
by Giuseppe Chiarini, and of Mazzini by
Gaetano Salvemini. On the last conclave
we have an important publication by
Giovanni Berthelet, ' Rivelazioni e Storia
del Conclave del 1903 : L' Elezione di
Pio X.'
There is much discussion in scholastic
magazines and political journals on the
subject of public instruc-
education tion ; but the standard
of judgment is very poor,
because here the founding of the
school is the act of the State, and so of
the Government, which wishes to look
after everything, but is more backward
than the country, which progresses. Our
secondary schools are still fashioned on
the clerical system of the seminaries of
half a century ago. The fault is with
the Government, which as paterfamilias
seeks to impose a uniform teaching upon
all. The error is in the idea that secondary
education should open the gates of the
university to all. It will appear strange
to you that any one can enter a uni-
versity with a college licence, that is, with
a bachelor's diploma conceded by the
secondary schools. We have, consequently,
a deluge of graduates, and if there is a
competition for the position of postal
employee, advocates and doctors present
themselves. When in a country all are
doctors, it is inevitable that asses should
also reach that grade. Therefore of pub-
lications on education I need mention
only two : ' La Questione della Scuola,'
by Giuseppe Fraccaroli, and ' La Sug-
gestione nella Vita Ordinaria e nelT Edu-
cazione,' by G. Tonini.
Sport is beginning to have many
patrons here, and the Italian Rowing
Club issues very fine maps
sports and and itineraries, for cycling
pastimes and motoring. Alpine
climbing has many fol-
lowers, though there are some who make
fun of it, as G. Saragat and G. Rey have
done in ' Famiglia AJpinistica.' A really
scientific work, worth a place in all
libraries, is that of Raffaele Del Rosso,
' Pesche e Peschiere Antiche e Moderne
nell' Etruria Marittima,' which dwells on
the necessity of transforming our systems
of fishing, which are at once barbarous
and primitive — so much so that Italy,
notwithstanding the openness of its coasts
and the wealth of plankton and nekton in
the Mediterranean and Adriatic, derives
from fisheries only 17 millions of lire,
while France gets from the same source
94, Russia 200, and the United States 300.
We shall have to teach the Royal Com-
mission on Fisheries, which, incredible to
relate, is against steam trawlers. And
these wiseacres are university professors !
Of books of science properly so called
there is here no room to make mention.
I wish, however, to record
science a series of publications
usually avoided by any
one who writes a review of a general
character. I mean the transactions and
reports of our learned societies. The
Rivista d? Italia, a good periodical pub-
fished monthly in Rome, has made a list
of these monographs and contributions,
and to this I refer any one wishing to
form an idea of the labours of our scientific
bodies, which are rather greater than is
believed.
Little music is written, because the
theory and aesthetics of music are not,
as elsewhere, studied in
music the universities, and our
musical institutes concern
themselves only with execution. Never-
theless we have some good handiwork,
like the 'Manuale di Storia della Semio-
grafia Musicale ' of Guido Gasperini, a pro-
fessor at the Conservatorio at Parma. A
weighty contribution to the history of
music has also been made by Angelo
Solerti with his ' Musica, Ballo, Drain-
mat ica alia Corte Medicea dal 1600 al
1637,' and with three volumes on 'The
Dawn of Melodrama.' I have nothing
else of importance to note, except two
biographies, one by Annilmle Gabblielh'
of ' Gaetano Donizetti,' and the other by
G. Bragagnolo and E. Bettazzi, 'La Vita
di Giuseppe Verdi narrata al Popolo.'
L2N
'I'll E ATI! EN .Kl'.M
N 1084, Feb.
1906
The "Ut put (if till H>II t III- J r;il I- lint
\.i\ notable, nor can l explain the reasons
for this. I mighl single out
i K i ins some <>!' the usual \ olumee
oi ihoi t stories, innocent as
water, or of the long novels that are
narratives and <l<> not attain to the import-
ance nf true romance. Women nave
mi to invade the field, and. Bave
for easily counted exceptions, feminine
handiwork, unless it bears the name of
Bfatilde Serao, is decadent and feeble,
beoanse women are. at least amongst us,
more adapted to make romances than to
write them. The MuiTi trial led to the
printing of the ' Epistolario ' of Linda
Murri and the so-called ' Memoirs ' of that
Unfortunate woman. This is, perhaps.
the real romance of the year : it is cer-
tainly the greatest success. I need not
say who Linda Murri is. as her wretched
Btory has long since passed across the
Channel : hut it is strange, and certainly
disgusting, that whilst the trial was sub
jvdice, the issue of such sensational pub-
lications should have been allowed. Let
me speak of something else, of subjects
more pleasing, though less exciting.
Antonio Beltramelli, the powerful writer
of Romagna, has published ' I Primo-
geniti,' in wrhich he describes some un-
known portions of his country, and certain
wild types that seem to him the first-
born of mother Earth. Ercole Rivalta
in his ' Silvestro Bonduri ' has sought to
draw the type of a city workman, in the
atmosphere in which the labourers live.
These studies of environment give much
pleasure to their writers, though they run
the risk of being monotonous to the public.
Eduardo Boutet, one of our best-known
dramatic critics, who is now founding in
Rome a permanent prose theatre, has
published ' II Romanzo della Scena,'
describing theatrical life, which with us
still resembles a little the Vie de Boheme.
Guglielmo Anastasi, a young and some-
what promising journalist, has produced
a romance with a scientific thesis, ' La
Sconfitta,' in which a dreamer thinks that
he has found the antidote of the passions.
I must mention some dainty stories by a
mature romancer, Luigi Capuana (who is
a master of the art of story-telling),
which have as title ' Coscienze ' ; and
some fairly good stories by Jolanda,
' Le Indimenticabili,' which treat of
emotional women. I have reserved for the
last the latest novelty, ' II Santo,' by
Antonio Fogazzaro, a book expected with
eagerness. The "saint " is Piero Maironi,
the protagonist of his preceding book, the
lover of that strange and bizarre woman
who calls herself Jeanne Desalle. ' II
Santo ' is now being discussed with great
warmth by reviewers : some praise it to
the skies, others pronounce it a tedious
book with an unreal plot. Certainly, if
the Italian religious atmosphere were that
described in ' II Santo,' you would have
to conclude that Italy has a burning
religious question, and that the Christian
Democrats are a strong and active party.
As a matter of fact, we live in the
midst of our customary indifferent ism, and
the imagined struggle does not take place
fautt il< combattants. In Italy either one
believes and i- Catholic, or one due- not
believe and i- indifferent ; hut reformers
— no; since Savonarola, to this day,
reformers have had had luck. From tins
VOU may judge that ' II Santo' will not
nave the success that deservedly fell to
' II Piccolo Mondo Antico,' which touched
the chord of patriotism, calling Up
membrancee dear to all : here the
tnembrances are wanting, and the ch
are only fut lire possibilities.
In this last class 1 shall begin with the
■ Brani Enediti dei Promessi Sposi di Alee-
sandro Manzoni." edited
BELLES LETTBESby Ciovanni Sforza,
and which reveals the genesis
GENERAL of that famous work, and
LITERATURE forms a critical document
of the highest value.
Giosue Carducci has collected in a compact
and elegant volume, as a pendant to the
' Poesie,' the flower of his ' Prose ' ; and
these pages, 1859-1903, exhibit the de-
velopment of his thoughts and style. In
like manner D'Annunzio collects his
' Prose,' from the first essays of ' Terra
Vergine ' to his recent discourses. Antonio
Fogazzaro has also in his ' Discorsi ' pro-
duced a precious volume. The culture of
form is not neglected amongst us, and
Edmondo De Amicis in his ' LTdioma
Gentile ' has sought to offer it his
devout tribute This book, of which
there have been many editions within a
few months, has aroused lively discussion.
Certainly the younger school of critics is
not pleased with it, and least of all
Giuseppe Antonio Borgese, who in his
' Storia della Critica Romantica in Italia '
has with juvenile vigour overthrown many
of the idols of the past generation.
But let me leave the battles of critics,
to examine some work of historical cha-
racter, like the ' Studj Petrarcheschi ' of
Carlo Segre, in which Chaucer and Richard
de Bury and two English Petrarchists of
the sixteenth century are spoken of ; or
like the ' Studj sul Petrarca ' of such a
master as Bonaventura Zumbini, another
new Senator. On the ' Rime ' of Petrarca,
according to the latest version of the poet,
there is an excellent edition by Giuseppe
Salvo Cozzo, librarian of the Nazionale
at Palermo ; in like manner on ' Francesco
Petrarca e la Lombardia ' we have a fine
volume of historical studies and biographi-
cal researches, published under the auspices
of the Societa Storica Lombarda, the presi-
dent of which, Francesco Novati, has pub-
lished a very pleasant book, 'Attraverso
il Medio Evo.' The Petrarch centenary
has not diminished the activity of the
Dantists. Besides the * Lectura Dantis,3
which continues to be published, I may
note the ' Vocabolario Concordanza delle
Opere Latine e Italiane di Dante.' by
Antonio Fiammazzo, which is the third
volume of the ' Enciclopedia Dantesca ' of
Scartazzini, and some excellent studies
by Alessandro Chiappelli, entitled ' Dalla
Trilogia di Dante.' k Da Dante al Leo-
pardi ' is the name of a collection of
seventy monographs published by as
many authors to celebrate the marriage
of Michele Scherillo with Teresa Negri,
the daughtei of < raetano Negri, the power*
ful thinkei of Lombardy.
Finally, in thia . of hook- I may
notice some versions of works written m
English: Emerson's Repreaentat
M> ii." Carlyl<- s ' I'a^t and Present'
9 rtor Roaartus,' and "The Strenu
Life." by President Roosevelt, put into
llent Italian by a young gentlewoman,
the Countess Hilda di Malgra ; and the
translations of Shelley by R AsoolL
These ;,|m, are a sign of the tin •
Gl [DO I'l \'.l.
The Victoria History of tht County of
Derby. Edited by William P . I - A
Vol. I. (Constable &'
With the exception of the Lake cli-~t •
and certain portions of the seabound
counties in the west of England, there ia
no other English shire so celebrated for
the beauty and variety of its scenery as
Derbyshire. The history, then, of such
a county is likely to attract more than
usual attention from non-residents. The
volume before us forms, on the whole, an
admirable introduction to the story of
Derbyshire, and its compilers need not
fear the criticism of experts.
Mr. Arnold Bemrose is to be congratu-
lated on his excellent treatment of the
geology of the district. Derbyshire is
remarkable not only for the great distinc-
tion between the lowlands of the south
and the uplands of the north, but also
for the contrast in the north between the
deep narrow dales and ravines of the
Mountain Limestone, and the wild
stretches of moorlands and escarpments
of the Millstone Grit. The brief accounts
of the caverns and warm springs of the
county make this article exceptionally
interesting.
The few pages devoted to botany, by the
Rev. W. R. Linton, are. on the contrary,
as dry as unrelieved technicality can
make them, forming, indeed, a veritable
hortus siccus. The contrast between this
brief botanical discourse and the equally
accurate but lively account of the flora
of Buckinghamshire given by Mr. Druce
in a recent volume of the same series is
almost startling. In the latter case the
flower - lover is plain on almost every
page, and, though there is no attempt at
fine writing, we can follow the author
with pleasure and instruction. We wonder
how any one living in Derbyshire could
write upon its flowers without giving a
few bright or telling touches, descriptive
of such matters as the yellow heartsease
contrasting with the pure white of the
saxifrage that starts up in such abundance
amid the close-lying sward of the grassy
slopes of the Mountain Limestone: of
the masses of fragrant lilies of the valley
— as yet unravished to any serious extent
by the trippers— in the Via Gellia : or of
the dark-green bushes of juniper or clumps
of dreary yew that contrast so effectively
with the limewhite craps in which they
shelter. It would have been well, too,
to warn both resident and tourist to
N°4084, Fkb. 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
129
note the difference of the flora on the
two banks of several of the Derbyshire
valleys and dales, as at Ash op Clough ;
the reason for such difference being at
once supplied by Mr. Bemrose's article on
the geology or by a study of the geological
map.
The bird life of Derbyshire derives a
peculiar interest from the fact that
within the limits of this county the breed-
ing range of many essentially southern
species is found to overlap with that of
birds almost exclusively characteristic of
the north and the south-west. This point
is ably brought out by the Rev. F. C. R.
Jourdain, whose observations on the re-
lation between the avifauna of the district
and its contour lines are admirable. Thus
we learn that the ring-ousel and the
meadow pipit breed at 1,000 feet and
upwards, while the yellow wagtail and the
red-backed shrike are hardly to be met
with above 500 feet. Not many counties,
indeed, can boast of having the four above-
named species nesting within their limits,
almost side by side with such birds as the
curlew, merlin, twite, nightingale, wry-
neck, dipper, grey wagtail, sandpiper,
redshank, golden plover, nuthatch, red-
legged partridge, red grouse, black grouse,
turtle dove, reed warbler, and lesser redpoll.
The Trent valley, in the southern part
of the county, constitutes an important
migration route, but with the exception
of the sewage farm near Egginton there
is but little to attract wild fowl and
waders. At this farm grey plover and
oyster-catchers, for instance, have been
observed ; and a quail's nest was found
there in 1892.
F. B. Whitlock's ' Birds of Derbyshire '
—a work of much popular interest — was
published in 1893, and frequent reference
is made to it. Willughby's description
of a young golden eagle found in a nest
in Derbyshire so long ago as 1668 is quoted
in full, and is the more interesting as being
the only evidence of an English eyrie
further south than the Lake district.
The extermination of ravens, buzzards,
harriers, et hoc genus omne at the hands of
gamekeepers and collectors is a common-
place, but a few of the smaller birds have
almost unaccountably disappeared or
decreased. Of these the pied flycatcher
woodlark, marshtit, and stonechat are
examples. The whinchat, on the con-
trary, requiring different local conditions
from its congener, is plentiful enough.
The hawfinch is increasing here as else-
where, and there is evidence even of its
nesting in small colonies after the fashion
of the greenfinch. The great crested
grebe breeds sparingly in the county, and
but for flagrant breaches of the Wild
Birds' Protection Acts might be much
more widely established. The coot is
given a bad name as an egg-stealer ; it
may be added that the moorhen's cha-
racter is certainly not unblemished in
this direction.
Among instructive items, apart from
mere obituary notices, we read of the
house martin nesting in colonics in parts
of the Peak on precipitous rock faces ; of
the dabchick's eggs washed out by floods,
and found, when fresh, lying on the
bottom below the nest ; of water-rail and
spotted crake killed by flying into tele-
graph wires in the dusk ; of the well-
known propensity of the spotted fly-
catcher and the goldcrest for returning
to a familiar nesting site ; and of sixty
nests in a heronry at Kedleston so per-
sistently robbed by neighbouring rooks,
living on apparently amicable terms with
the herons, that only one nest was success-
fully hatched off. " Hedge coalhood "
gives us yet another addition to the long
list of local names for the much-abused
bull-finch.
The series of short monographs in the
second part of this volume, from the time
when man appears on the scene, have
fallen into good hands. Mr. John Ward,
a Derbyshire antiquary of considerable
repute, who is now Curator of Cardiff
Museum, writes on ' Early Man ' and on
Anglo-Saxon remains ; Mr. J. Romilly
Allen contributes a paper on ' Early
Christian Art,' of which there are such
numerous examples in the pre-Norman
crosses of the county ; and Mr. F. M.
Stenton deals satisfactorily with the
Derbyshire portion of the Domesday
Survey.
Three articles remain which call for
special attention.
' Ancient Earthworks ' is from the pen
of the Rev. Dr. Cox, whom the editor
thanks in the preface for general help and
advice throughout the volume. Like
most of our hilly counties, Derbyshire is
rich in prehistoric fortifications, yet no
previous attempt has been made to treat
them collectively ; indeed, very few had
even found a place in print. Dr. Cox
has described here in detail nearly seventy
examples of early defensive fortifications,
which he has classified according to the
suggestions of the Congress of Archaeo-
logical Societies. They range from the
earliest type of Neolithic stronghold, when
man was content merely to strengthen
positions already rendered almost in-
accessible by nature, to the homestead
moat, which, according to Parker, was
still occasionally constructed in the six-
teenth century. In Comb Moss, Derby-
shire could boast of a typical example of
early work, and it was selected by the
Congress for illustration in their published
scheme ; but it was little thought that
there was lying unnoticed in the north-
eastern corner of the county a still finer
specimen of the same class. This is Mark-
land Grips, near Elmton ; and although
it is marked on the Ordnance Survey as
a camp, Dr. Cox may, for all practical
purposes, claim the credit of its discovery.
It comprises a narrow plateau of land in
the angle of two precipitous grips, or
valleys, defended by a triple rampart and
fosse across the third side.
Another important addition to our
knowledge of this subject is disclosed in
his treatment of the defences of Peak
( astle. It has long been known that
around part of the town of Cast let on there
were the remains of an earthwork called
the Town Ditch, which has usually been
attributed to the civil wars of the seven-
teenth century, and no one seems to have
associated it with the Castle. It has
remained for Dr. Cox to trace its complete
form, and prove that it was the outer
bailey of the Castle itself. This is very
clearly shown in the plan attached. In
the same lucid manner he explains other
works which have been little understood,
such as those at Bolsover and the Buries
near Repton ; and he materially increases
the number of known examples of moated
mounts by additions at Hope and Mor'.ey.
To these also he is inclined to attribute
Queen Mary's Bower in Chatsworth
Park, which, he suggests, was converted
to its present form in the sixteenth century,
for this would explain the core of earth
within the masonry. Amongst the
homestead moats he has been a vigilant
searcher, for many who know Derbyshire
well will be surprised to learn that nearly
thirty are carefully described. The article
concludes with a list of the chief barrows,
and references to their places on the
Ordnance Survey ; it is accompanied by
an excellent map showing the positions
and character of the various works, and
by numerous plans. A little more atten-
tion should have been given to these, for
we notice that on the map Torside Castle
should be nearly four miles further north,
and the plans of Pilsbury and Staden Low
have been interchanged.
The best illustrated and probably the
best article in a good volume is that by
Dr. Haverfield on ' Romano-British Re-
mains.' The seventy-five pages devoted
to this subject have not a superfluous
word, but treat in a scholarly fashion
every detail that has been brought to
light, within the confines of the county,
relating to the Roman occupation. Anti-
quaries of the Romano-British period will
be surprised to find how very much there
is of importance within the shire that
tends to a more perfect knowledge of the
various works accomplished by our con-
querors during their long sojourn amongst
us ; whilst general readers cannot fail to
be interested by the vivid pictures placed
before them of Roman occupation in the
very centre of England.
One important feature of Roman Derby-
shire is the number of cases, particularly
near Buxton, where undoubted proofs
have been found of the tenancy of lime-
stone caves by those using Roman or
Romano-British utensils and implements.
Hitherto the best explanation of the
presence of these Roman cave relics in
Derbyshire, and in one or two other
localities, is that adopted by J. R. Green
in his 'Making of England.' that these
cave-tenants were Romano- British fugi-
tives fleeing in the fifth or sixth century
from the invading English. The anti-
quary, however, here steps in, and shows
that this theory is wrong, for none of
these Roman cave finds points to a Later
date than the second and third centuries.
By this and other evidence it is clearly
established that cave-life formed one of
the features of Romano- Brit ish civiliza-
tion, among " the lower orders " of some
of the hill districts of Derbyshire and
Yorkshire. On one point only do we
ISO
tii E atii EN T:r M
N 1064, Feb. 3, 1906
think Dr. Haverfield wrong. Had he
been ;i resident in Derbyshire or himself
examined oertain <>f the roads about which
he is sceptical, his opinions would have
been ohanged. He Bhonld, at least, have
I nit s dotted line on Ins map, showing the
i continuation of the Etonian road to Wirks-
worth on to the ford over the Derwenl at
Duffield.
Forestry, the concluding ohapter in the
volume, is also by Dr. Cox, and is a sub-
ject to W hich he lias lately paid much atten-
tion. His story of the two royal forests of
the Peak and of Duffield is interesting,
and. for the most part. new. Peak Forest,
we are told, already existed in Saxon times,
and after passing under the custody of the
IVverels became eventually part of the
Duchy of Lancaster. Duffield Frith was
originally the hunting ground of the Fer-
rers, but also passed with the honour of
Tutbury to the Duchy. But this is common
knowledge, and it is in the domestic history
of each that the attraction of the paper
lies.
It is scarcely necessary to say that the
word "forest " implied nothing more than
a waste reserved for hunting purposes, and
few places are less wooded than the high-
lands of Derbyshire. Here, therefore, the
hard}7 red deer were preserved, whilst the
sheltered and timbered Frith of Duffield
was the home of the fallow deer. The
bounds of the Peak included the whole
of the north-west portion of the county
between the Derwent and the Goyt, as
far south as Darley Dale, and do not
appear to have been fenced in. But at
Duffield the forest, though much smaller,
had even in Tudor times a circuit of
thirty miles of pales. The former, how-
ever, contained an inner park, termed the
Campana, which was surrounded by a
wall sufficiently high to keep out cattle
only. This wall is still traceable in almost
its entire length, and at its southern corner
stood the Camera, or Chamber of the
Forest, where the pleas were held. Duffield,
on the other hand, was subdivided into
several parks, and as it was within the
jurisdiction of Tutbury, its pleas were
held there ; the royal lodge, however,
was within it, at Ravensdale. In addition
to the larger deer the forests seem to have
been stocked with roedeer, wild boars,
cattle, horses, pigs, geese, &c. ; but though
sheep were tolerated, and milked in those
days, goats were strictly prohibited, as
unpleasing to the deer. It is interesting
to find that in the thirteenth century the
queen consort had a large stud of horses
in the Peak.
But it is in the mass of records, espe-
cially the pleas of the forests, that Dr. Cox
is at his best. From these he supplies
lists of the bailiffs and chief foresters,
and describes the duties and privileges
of the numerous staff of officials main-
tained, two of whom, for example, held
their lands by serjeanty of hunting
wolves.
Perhaps the most interesting extracts
are those from the pleas of vert and
venison trespass. These offences, strange
to say, were usually committed by the
gentry of the county, and even the Earls
of Derby and Lords {of f Sheffield were
amongst the delinquents ^ but Dr. <
explains that political influence! daring
the civil wars of Henry III. and Henry VI .
were probably responsible for .some of the
Charges. Nevertheless, when we read
that t he rectors of Manchester, Tankersley,
and Denbigh, the vicar of Sheffield, and
the chaplain of Pennistonc were convicted
of '" knowingly receiving venison," we !
think less of a certain alleged escapade at
Charlecote.
In the later pages of his extensive
article Dr. Cox treats of the general
arboriculture of the county, and finally
describes its principal parks. No mere
outline can, however, do justice to a
contribution which merits a close study.
The whole subject of forestry is one which
has received but scanty notice from the
antiquaries of to-day.
A Pietist of the Napoleonic Wars and
After : the Life of Countess von Reden.
By Eleonore, Princess Reuss. (John
Murray.)
Countess von Reden is a fine example
of a character combining fervour with prac-
ticality, and enthusiasm with good sense.
She and her sisters spent their earliest years
in the United States, with the German
troops that served George III. during the
War of Independence ; and her force of cha-
racter and generosity were evinced shortly
after the capitulation at Saratoga, when
the child's earnest persistence induced a
fervidly patriotic American woman, who
had refused to give her bread, finally to
furnish supplies to her and to her little
sisters for whom she begged. Later years
found her successively at Maastricht, and
at Blankenburg Castle in the Duchy of
Brunswick, during the troublous years of
the French Revolution and of the French
incursions into Germany. One of her
sisters married Count Bernstorff, of the
well-known Danish family, and the other
the Count of Reuss.
" Fritze " in 1802 married Count von
Reden, who was much older than herself,
but with whom she felt complete sympathy
in religious and philanthropic wrork. Their
thirteen years of married hfe were spent
mainly at his beautiful seat of Buchw'ald,
in the Riesengebirge ; but visits to Berlin
and to various seats of the German nobility
afford interesting j glimpses into the
politics of Prussia and the life of the
more cultured German families of the
time. The Von Redens were acquainted
with Stein and other well-known public
men ; and at the time of the crisis in the
fortunes of Prussia and Germany brought
about by the battle of Jena, and thereafter
by the Peace of Tilsit, the correspondence
is unusually animated. Count von Reden
was then in office ; and he and his brother-
in-law, Count von Reuss, lost heavily by
the terms of that treaty. Their chief
thoughts, however, were for the Father-
land. A letter of the Countess on July 20th
contains passages which enable a reader to
realize something of the tension of feeling
of those days : —
"The ■ ' The
Emperor [Napoleon] has left Dresden, and
/ oron <iu y>ur, dated from Dresden, leys hi
plain bleak and white thai Besse, Bruns-
wick, and Kulda thai] ca«e to exiht au
Stat.-, and their nil' • n-tired
• > say. The Princess of Oral
dm, but utterly crushed. . . .Are not
articles of the peace maddening 1 I cant
write or even -|>'-ak about tie
An editorial note should have been added
explaining that the former Bishopric of
Fulda had at the time of the Seculariza-
tion- (1803) been assigned to the H<
of Orange for its losses in the Netherlands.
Other letters of the Countess at this
time show the mean intrigues to which
Beyme and the French party at the
Prussian Court resorted against Stein.
After his resignation, or dismissal, in
1807, Count von Reden and his wife
retired to Buchwald ; and it was to their
seat that Stein fled secretly in the early
days of 1809, on learning the news of the
proscription launched by Napoleon at
Madrid. The strong features of the great
minister rendered concealment of his
identity somewhat difficult ; but Count
von Reden appealed to his dependents
to keep the secret, and the patriot, thanks
to the guidance of the Count, managed
successfully to cross the frontier into
Austrian territory.
Apart from this episode, there is not
much of general interest in the life of the
Von Redens during the years 1808-15.
In their corner of Silesia they seem to
have felt curiously little of the com-
motions which shook empires to their
base. The battle of the Katzbach took
place not far away, but even that
event does not figure largely in their
correspondence, which is unfortunately
scanty for the great year 1813. The
hopes and fears of that time are but
faintly mirrored in these memoirs, a fact
which reminds us that the wealthy in
secluded parts can escape, to a large
extent, the direct strain of war. which
falls heavily on townsfolk and peasants.
The death of Count von Reden. a few
days after the arrival of the news of
Waterloo, was the beginning of a time of
greater activity for his widow. The
founding of the Bible Society in Silesia
had recently occupied the Von Redens ;
and this, together with other religious
and philanthropic work, filled up the span
of the long and useful life of the Countess.
The later pages give interesting details
respecting that most excellent of men
and most tactless of kings, Frederick
William IV. Among other things it
appears that he visited the Countess in
order to gain further knowledge about
the spinners and weavers of Silesia.
Another of his conversations with her
turned on the subject of the means for
suppressing rationalism. Visits of Eliza-
beth Fry and Elizabeth Gurney diver-
sified her later years, which were peace-
fully happy, until the disorders of the
spring of 1848 caused her hastily to
retire for a time from the people whom
she had so generously befriended. The
rabble of neighbouring towns * had a
special grudge against her. owing to the
N° 4084, Feb.
1906
THE ATHENAEUM
131
king's friendship with her. Apart from
this disagreeable incident the life of the
old lady was one of beneficent activity
and happiness.
The book has been well translated by
Mrs. Barrett-Lennard and Mr. Hooper ;
the narrative runs smoothly, except for
an occasional accumulation of adjectives,
which in English might be broken up
and dispersed in equivalent phrases.
There are also few misprints, even in the
foreign names. " Ponte Carvo " for Ponte
Corvo (p. 66), and " Lansitz " for Lausitz
(p. 78), are among those which we have
noted ; and surely " Mastricht " (p. 9)
is not the correct form for the Dutch
town on the Maas. An introductory note
by Mr. Robert S. Rait points the moral
of the volume.
The Story of the Tweed. By Sir Herbert
Maxwell, Bart. With Illustrations by
D. Y. Cameron. (Nisbet & Co.)
No man could have been found to tell
'The Story of the Tweed' better than
Sir Herbert Maxwell has told it. As a
sportsman and naturalist, he has observed
points and places of interest which it is
not given to every one to notice ; as an
historian he has the events associated
with the river at his fingers' ends ; he
knows the old ballads of the nameless
minstrels as well as the poems of " the
latest minstrel" ; he is as much interested
in the few remains of ancient architecture
of the district as in the surviving Gaelic
place-names ; and he presents his angling
reminiscences in a separate compartment,
at the end of the book. He has gene-
rously told not the legendary and historic
story of Tweed alone, but also the stories
of the many tributary burns, and of
Teviot, Ettrick, Yarrow, Leader, Jed, and
the other larger contributory streams.
It is very natural that strangers who
have heard much of Tweed in ballad and
romance should feel, like Washington
Irving, rather disappointed when they see
the water for the first time. They have
not the multitudinous associations which
to the Tweedside man centre round every
burn, every roofless grey peel tower, every
pool and stream. Upper Tweed is not
more beautiful than Upper Yarrow, Clyde,
Ettrick, Ail, or Teviot. All rise in green
or grey moors, unwooded, among formless
hills. Mr. Cameron's landscape ' Near
Tweedshaws ' — where there are now no
" shaws," or woods — shows a bleak,
cauldrife spot, with " just enough water
to swear by," as the disappointed tourist
said when he saw the Styx ; while the
hills are shapeless — des bosses verddtres, as
Prosper Merimee candidly observed. The
circumstance that Robert Bruce, red-
handed from the dirking of the Red
Comyn, had here his first meeting with
the good Sir James Douglas, might not
have reconciled the fastidious Merimee
to the greenish humps. The linns of
Tala water we cannot observe with so
much indifference. In the cliffs the
raven nests, or did nest lately, and an
ingenious keeper caught the young birds
with bits of raw flesh let down at the end
of a line. From Tala came young Hay
of Tala, a retainer of Bothwell, hanged
for Darnley's murder ; and here, in 1682,
the Cameronians held in safety a pecu-
liarly inharmonious General Meeting, airing
each his private and very odd orthodoxy.
Here Sir Simon Eraser, ancestor of the
Lovat family, " had once commanding " ;
joining Bruce, he suffered, in 1306, much
more cruel penalities of treason than justly
befell his descendant and namesake,
Simon Eraser, Lord Lovat, in 1746. The
earlier Simon was a deserter from Ed-
ward I., and legally merited death. On
his decease the Hays came in, one of them
having married his heiress.
At Drummelzier we reach the lands
held for several centuries by the Tweedies,
descendants, by a mortal matron, of the
River Tweed himself. There is a pretty
picture of their Oaristys in ' The History
of the Tweedie Family,' by Mr. Michael
Scott Tweedie (1902). Consulting the
pedigrees of this work, we find the Tweed
omitted, and the line begins with Olifard,
1155-65, whence the house of Tweedie of
Oliver. In 1299 occurs Johannes de
Tueda, from whom the patronymic, de
Twydyn, de Twedy. really comes. Whether
the spelling " Twydyn " throws any light
on the original form of the name of the
river itself we know not. It may be
remarked that the photographs of scenery
in Mr. Tweedie's book represent an infi-
nitely more cheerful river than Tweed
appears in Mr. Cameron's designs. Two
Tweedies were engaged in Riccio's murder ;
and about 1590-1611, in spite of the
Gospel light diffused in 1560, all the
Tweedies, Geddeses, Nasmyths, and other
gentlemen of the district were cutting
each other's throats and pistolling each
other in the most unsportsmanlike fashion.
From the Tweedies' country we reach
the country of the Wizard Merlin, and
another wizard of the same name, whose
doings are inextricable.
We have arrived only at the second
chapter, which closes at the junction of
Tweed with Ettrick. The river, before
reaching Peebles, becomes much more
beautiful, especially, perhaps, in the
narrows below Yair, and the lovely
streams under the woods of Sunderland
Hall. Mr. Cameron presents an interest-
ing, but melancholy view of the ancient
house of Traquair, which', from its aspect,
appears still to deplore that Montrose was
not received there in his flight from the
disaster of Philiphaugh. The historian
here ascends Ettrick water, which has
ballads, legends, old towers, and memories
of Scott and Hogg enough to provide a
separate book. The view of St. Mary's
Loch is relatively cheerful. Thence we
return to Abbotsford, Melrose, and the
Eildon Hills (the view of the Abbey is
charming) ; and, after exploring Leader
water and Lauderdale, return to Tweed
at Merton, and follow it to Teviotdale,
and so on to Kelso and Jedburgh, with an
accompaniment of ballads and stories to
lighten the way. With Norham Castle
and Berwick we are in the full tide of the
old Border battles and treaties ; and the
volume ends with an excellent chapter on
the salmon and salmon fishing of Tweed.
Being a very fine, large, and luxurious
work, ' The Story of the Tweed ' cannot
be carried in the pedestrian's pocket, or
the angler's creel, and this is the only
fault which criticism can find in it, for
the knowledge displayed is full and varied ;
the text, so far as we can estimate it, is
correct, and the author's sympathy is
perfect, except when he has to do with
the English destroyers, and the modern
tamperers with the ecclesiastical archi-
tecture of the valley.
NEW NOVELS.
Hugo. By Arnold Bennett. (Chatto &
Windus.)
Mr. Bennett gave us a taste of his quality
as a concocter of sensational extravaganza
in 'The Grand Babylon Hotel.' The
present book is an essay upon the same
fines : a little farcical, a little absurd, a
good deal melodramatic, yet altogether
entertaining. Hugo is the assumed name
of a universal provider in Sloane Street,
whose gigantic shop is in reality a palace,
surmounted by four or five stories of the
most expensive residential flats in London,
with roof gardens, restaurants, and so
forth in profusion. The whole thing is
full of the modern flavour of wealth
easily obtained and recklessly spent.
The story is confined to this huge com-
mercial palace, and is as full of breathless
incident and adventure as a Christmas
pudding is of plums, or a parvenu's
house of ornaments. The plot has been
deliberately and cunningly designed to
sustain the reader's excitement from
chapter to chapter, and, this being
admitted as the author's aim, the book
may fairly be pronounced a success.
The writing, while in no way distinguished,
is workmanlike and devoid of slovenliness.
Barnaby's Bridal. By S. R. Keightley.
(John Long.)
The stupendous, but indisputable fact
that there really are people who, in good
faith, insert — and answer — matrimonial
advertisements has in its more serious
aspect been dealt with by at least two
well-known novelists, but in the case now
before us the treatment is purely farcical.
The sufferings of the misguided advertiser,
a highly eligible bachelor of weak cha-
racter, are further complicated by his
relations with a rather awe-inspiring
lady friend and an over-affectionate
housekeeper, both of whom have miscon-
strued some remarks of his as signifying
an offer of marriage. We incline to think
that he was fortunate beyond his deserts
in getting off with only one action for
breach of promise, and even from this he
escapes through the cheap device of a
resuscitated husband. There is no at-
tempt to depict real people in the story.
and not too much art, but it is lively and
avoids the pitfall of vulgarity.
132
Til E A Til EN .K( M
N W84, l'ii'.. :{, 1006
Tin Scat. l'.\ Franou Warrington Daw-
BOIl. ( Met hiii-n A I
This is a long, uncere, oarefully wrought
tali- of farm and plantation Life in Vir-
ginia. Ii might conceivably be an ex-
ample of the <>nc good book which, it is
said, must men can write. The author's
name is new to us, and if ' The Scar '
ifl a tiist work, it is a good deal more
hopeful and better worth reading than
the majority of first essays in fiction.
In immaturity, want of breadth of
vision and knowledge ait- faults which
time may well remedy, and we prefer to
note the obvious sincerity, the zest for
story, and the evidenee of a genuine
faculty of observation it exhibits. It
has an abundant wealth of material, and
it has real humanity. We hope to see
more from the same hand.
The Arrow of the North. By R. H.
Forster. (John Long.)
Mr. Forster reveals everywhere an
intimate knowledge of the North Country,
and is as obviously inspired by affection
for it. His scene is Norham Castle, that
bulwark against the aggression of the
Scots throughout the Middle Ages ; and
his period is the troubled time that ended
in Flodden. Alarums and excursions
prevail in these chapters. Norham is
besieged and relieved ; there is much
talk of harquebuss and of crossbow ;
and Scot is pitted against Northumbrian.
The romance resounds with fighting.
Its hero is a boy of twelve at the outset,
and gallantly carries arrows to the archers
on the battlements. At the close we
leave him knighted, the warden of the
castle, and in the arms, so to speak, of a
lovely bride. But he has much to go
through before he reaches that happy con-
clusion, and Mr. Forster's narrative should
please the lovers of exciting adventures,
a class said to be on the increase.
There are two handsome girls— one bad,
and one good ; and the poor hero suffers
in consequence. The author's style is
simple and straightforward, and he has
no airs. Taken for what it is, this is a
creditable piece of work.
Cache la Poudre. By Herbert Myrick.
(Kegan Paul & Co.)
This curious production is described in a
sub-title as ' The Romance of a Tender-
foot in the Days of Custer.' It is illus-
trated profusely from paintings and
photographs, and is a rambling tale
of adventurous life in the far West
of America in days when lynchings
and fights with Indians were matters of
everyday occurrence. The absence of
constructive method, even of ordinary
coherence in the story, indicates an un-
accustomed hand. The book has, however,
the merit of comparative fidelity to actual
fact. There is a lengthy appendix, the
frequent allusions to which in the text
are rather damaging to the romantic
interest of the tale. The photographs are
interesting, and there is certainly material
enough in the volume for half a dozen
romance
Through tin Rain. I'v Mis. Hugh)
« ribb. (.John Long.)
This, w believe, lb wh.it i- popularly de-
nominated "an old-fashioned love -t..i
and so far as regards the absence of any
originality, either in Bubjecl or treatment,
the adjective is correctly applied. The
very form of the story supposed to lie a
diary kept by the heroine — belongs essen-
tially to a bygone period, and from the
initials tattooed on that young lady's arm
in infancy to the final recognition by her
true mother and her reunion with the
lover from whom she has been cruelly
parted on the score of supposed con-
sanguinity (nothing worse than first-
cousinship, however), we are never ex-
posed to the shock of the unexpected.
Nevertheless the author has an excellent
eye for nature, by no means an old-
fashioned quality.
Sous le Fardeau. J. H. Rosnv. (Paris,
Plon.)
" J. H. Rosny " is a name which has
stood on the title-page of novels in all
styles ; " imitation of every well-known
author " has, indeed, been the criticism
of Paris. ' Sous le Fardeau ' deals with
the surgeon's view of the sufferings of the
poor in great cities, and with that " Social
Question " which it is easier to raise than
to solve. Many of the scenes are brutal,
and some disgusting, but there is power
in the book. The anti-English tone is
rather that of four years ago than that of
1904-6 : " Most English people would see
without a tremor whole races perish."
Les Etourderies de la Chanoinesse. Leon
de Tinseau. (Paris, Calmann-Levy.)
This is one of the most pleasing novels
from the pen of the author of ' Plus
Fort que la Haine ' and ' Un Nid dans les
Ruines.' It is not described as " pour les
jeunes filles," and there is little about it
that is namby-pamby, but it is " honest."
We have seldom come across a tale better
worth the perusal of readers of all kinds.
TWO LONDON BOOKS.
Chronicles of London. Edited, with Intro-
duction and Notes, by C. L. Kingsford.
(Oxford, Clarendon Press.) — This scholarly
work presents to the reader three of the
old London chronicles which are contained
in the Cottonian MSS., Julius B. II., Cleo-
patra C. IV., and Vitellius A. XVI. , and
which embrace a period of English history
extending from the time of Richard I. to
the year 1509. The editor in his Introduc-
tion traces the evolution of the " chronicle "
from the early official record known as the
' Liber de Antiquis Legihus ' to the popular
works of Holinshed and Stow. The first
section of the Introduction is taken up with
an account of the earlier chronicles, Bome
of which have been printed, while others
(of which those under notice are perhaps t In-
most important) have till now remained in
manuscript. II'- then pro. turn-
mari/.c tin- general conclusion* to irhieh the
.iiiation of tin- individual manu
points. Mr. Kingsford finds that till •
the close of 1 he fourteenth e. •nt'iry all the
are derived from thi same -■•un-,
and that down to lilt the variations are
nowhere so marked a- t . he incompatible
with the theory that they have all •
common original. With tl • f Agnv
court there comes a marked divi
the existing Chronicli - -how more varia*
than before, and the division into classes is
more definite. Mr. Kingsford then yoes on
to consider what evidence can he ohtai
bo the method by which the ('lire
London reached their present form, and from
what source^ they w i They
started, no doubt, with official records; but
with the opening of the fifteenth century the
notices of events in or near London were
probably set down as they occurred, or
were written up from personal knowledge
by the compiler of each new version. In
next section of the introduction the editor
treats of the use which Fabyan, Arnold,
and other writers of the sixteenth century
made of the Chronicles of London ; and he
concludes his essay with a more detailed
account of the chronicles contained in the
volume under notice.
Apart from the historical interest of the
contents of the MS. Julius B. II., this manu-
script contains Lydgate's verses descriptive
of the pageants devised by him in celebra-
tion of the little King Henry's return to
London in February, 1432. The MS. C
patra C. IV., which is more or less frag-
mentary, begins with a dramatic account
of the siege of Harfleur, where a small
company of the English are advancing
" together to the gap,"' and the king turns
and encourages his men in a short speech,
which the editor thus modernizes : " My
men, be of good heart ; save your breath
and keep cool, and come up at your ease,
for with God's help shall we have good
tidings." A page or two further on we come
to the eve of Agincourt, and the heroic
addressof King Henry to his " litell mayne.''
In the account of the battle we are given a
ballad, of which, to use Mr. Kingsford's
words, "the compiler began, but fortunately
did not finish, a prose paraphrase." But a
close examination seems to show that the
lines, though written as prose, are not a
paraphrase, but are in metrical form, and
are apparently the opening stanza of the
ballad, which has been printed in Wright's
' Political Ballads and Songs,' ii. 123-7
(Rolls Series). In the Vitellius Chronicle —
of which the value, as one of the best con-
temporary records of the reign of Henry VII.,
has long been recognized — are found not
only the unique copy of William Dunbar's
ballad in praise of London, but also two
interesting references to the discovery of
Newfoundland by Bristol merchants.
In addition to the valuable Introduction.
Mr. Kingsford gives more than fifty pages
of notes, in which he has dealt chiefly with
matters illustrating the history of London
or the text of the Chronicles. These notes
exhibit the same fullness of learning that
is apparent in the Introduction. With
reference to the penance of Eleanor Cobham,
Duchess of Gloucester — who on three alter-
nate days came from West minster to London
and landing successively at the Temple
Bridge, at the Swan in Thames Street, and
at Queenhithe, offered a taper of wax,
firstly at the high altar of St. Paul's, secondly
at " i'rischurch," and thirdly at St. Michael's
Church in Cornhill — Mr. Kingsford glosses
" Crischurch " as " Grassechurch, or St.
Bennet, Gracechurch Street.'* But as,
after landing at the Swan, the Duchess
N° 4084, Feb. 3, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
133
walked through Bridge Street and Grace-
church Street to the Leadenhall, and " so
to Crischurch," it is probable that the build-
ing in which she performed penance was the
church (known as Christ Church) of the
great monastery of the Holy Trinity at
Aldgate, which is now represented on a
smaller scale by the church of St. Kathe-
rine Cree (pp. 149, 312). Nor is it, perhaps,
quite accurate to say (p. 323) that " Gres-
chirche, or Graschurch, Street was so called
from the herb market there." The street
was named after the church, and the church
was named after the grass market. The
antiquity of the church is shown by its
mention in Brihtmaer's charter of 1053,
under the name of " Gerschereche " — a fact
which has seemingly escaped the notice of
London topographers. We observe that
Mr. Kingsford endorses the suggestion that
" Steelyard " is a corruption of " Stapelhof,"
or the House of the Staple. Though respect-
able authority can be adduced in support
of this derivation, a more acceptable one
was advanced by Prof. Skeat in the last
series of Notes and Queries. At the end of
the book is a glossary, which might perhaps
have been fuller, and an index, which has
been carefully compiled. A reproduction
of Ryther's map of 1604, which represents
the London of Stow rather than that of
the chroniclers, is given as a frontispiece ;
but its value is much impaired by the fact
that the names are drawn on too small a
scale to be read without a powerful magni-
fying glass.
To turn from Mr. Kingsford's book to
Mr. J. Holden MacMichael's Story of Charing
Cross and its Immediate Neighbourhood
(Chatto & Windus) is like being transported
from the cool dim aisles of a Gothic cathedral
to the glare and noise of the Hippodrome.
With an industry beyond all praise, Mr.
MacMichael has collected an immense number
•of extracts, including some hundreds of
newspaper cuttings, in order to illustrate
the life of an important district of London
during the past three hundred years. If
a fault is to be found with the work, it is
that the canvas is too crowded. One cannot
see the wood for the trees. As a mine for
the historical novelist in search of " local
colour " to quarry in, the book will be
invaluable. Scene follows scene with kalei-
doscopic swiftness. On one page we are
amongst the buff jerkins and steel caps of
Cromwell's Ironsides ; a turn of the hand,
and we see the clouded cane and pomander
box of Sir Plume ; another turn, and we
are hob-nobbing with the company of artists
who in King George's time sipped their
coffee at Old Slaughter's. " London," says
Mr. MacMichael, with a fine disregard for
geometrical accuracy, " is the centre, not
only, as the cabman will tell you, of the
four-mile radius, but of the- capital of an
Empire where the sun has actually had to
abandon his search for a night's lodging."
And Charing Cross is the " hub " of London,
not only from the cabman's point of view,
or even that of the Chief Commissioner of
Police under the Metropolitan Streets Act,
1867, but also because it has centred in
itself so much of English history, art, and
drama. As a literary centre Charing Cross
must take a lower place, but the district of
which Mr. MacMichael is the historiographer,
and which comprises the modern parishes
of St. Martin's-in-thc-Fields, and St. Paul's,
Covent Garden, has witnessed some of the
darkest tragediesof English history, the birth
of the art of Hogarth and of Reynolds, and
the greatest triumphs of Garriek, Kean, and
Mrs. Siddons. Charing Cross therefore
deserves to have its story told, and if the
work before us betrays some lack of crafts-
manship, the vast amount of information it
contains and its general accuracy should
ensure it a generous welcome.
Mr. MacMichael is occasionally able to
correct the errors of his predecessors, as in
his interesting account of the Pinchbeck
family (pp. 282-4). If another edition is
called for a few passages which are some-
what carelessly written might undergo
revision. The Earl of Warwick and Holland,
who was a party to the duel in Leicester
Fields (p. 53), was not the stepfather of
Addison, but the first husband of Addison's
wife. Addison was stepfather of the young
earl, who died, at the age of twenty-four, in
1721. Dr. Dodd (p. 92) was not hanged at
Charing Cross, but at the usual place of
execution at Tyburn. George Brydges, Lord
Chandos (who is misnamed William on p. 121)
after whom Chandos Street was called, was
not an ancestor of " the magnificent owner
of Canons " (p. 130), but only a distant
relative — to speak by the card, a third
cousin once removed. The connexion of
the Hungerfords with this locality is de-
scribed in a very hazy manner. There is no
doubt that the old mansion of the Hunger-
fords, known as Hungerford's Inn, in which
they resided at least as early as the time of
Henry VI., was on the site of Hungerford
Market. Mr. MacMichael, misled by a passage
in Pepys, says that it stood further eastward,
near Durham Yard — the site of the Adelphi.
But the Lady Hungerford who was living in
Durham Yard when her house was burnt
down was not the mother of the " spend-
thrift " Sir Edward Hungerford, as Mr.
MacMichael conjectures (p. 218), but his
aunt by marriage — Margaret, daughter and
coheir of William Hallyday, Alderman
of London, and widow of an earlier
Sir Edward. The " spendthrift " knight
did not pull down Hungerford House
till its destruction was called for by
the requirements of the market. Before
writing of Agnes, Lady Hungerford, who
was hanged at Tyburn in 1523 for the murder
of her first husband, Mr. MacMichael would
have done well to consult Mr. W. J. Hardy's
paper in The Antiquary, ii. 233-6, from
which he would have learnt the whole story
of the crime as officially recorded in the
Coram Rege Rolls.
It only remains to say that the book
contains a useful index, although we missed
the first name for which we looked — that
of John Thomas Smith, the author of
' Nollekens and his Times,' who is fre-
quently mentioned. Mr. MacMichael might
have recorded that Nathaniel Smith, the
father of the ' Rainy Day ' annalist, for
several years kept a print shop at " The
Rembrandt's Head," No. 18, May's Buildings,
St. Martin's Lane.
TWO BOOKS ABOUT ALGERIA.
In the Desert. By L. March Phillips.
(Edward Arnold.) — This interesting volume
is a triumph of impressionism. Some
readers will remember its author's book on
the South African war. That work was
impressionistic, but it was an exact record
compared with this. Mr. Phillips lias read
his Burton with appreciation, and he lias
felt the glamour of African Orientalism.
He has set himself here to paint for Western
eyes a picture of the Sahara, and indicate
the port it lias played in the moulding of
Aral) character and the shaping of Aral)
history ill Africa. He has, however, ap-
proached his task rather as a novelist or a
war correspondenl than as a student or a
man of science, and. accordingly, he lias
completed it at a stage in his knowledge of
the subject which the serious student would
regard as elementary. Having said so much,
we may add that this very fact is likely to
make Mr. Phillips's production acceptable to
the average reader. Every traveller knows
that first impressions are the most vivid, if
not the most accurate. The following pas-
sage may serve as some slight indication
both of Mr. Phillips's style and of the manner
in which the Sahara has impressed him : —
"Among the many things Nature gives us in
England, there is one thing she cannot give — -
sympathy with the old, primitive, original instinct
of emancipation. She is on the side of the powers
that be, the side of authority and routine and
tradition. ' Submit yourself,' she says. ' I submit
myself, and see how I thrive.' The desert is of
another order of scenery, and made of sterner stuff.
It is as ugly as hell, to be sure. It has none of the
English motherly fondness and gentleness about it.
It hates you like poison, and will kill you if it can.
But it is a landscape that 1ms never bent its neck
to the yoke of man, and its barren reefs and
unploughed sands have the old, primitive, savage
vigour about them still. This is its potent attraction.
We are rebels, all of us, but the odds are against
us In the desert for the first time you have
Nature with you in the old struggle for emanci-
pation."
Mr. Phillips will be blamed by authorities
in these matters for the sketchy and fre-
quently inaccurate character of his general-
izations regarding Arab history ; for his
vague, hasty conclusions on the antecedents
and family history of some of the present
peoples of North Africa ; and for the ignor-
ance shown in his references to Morocco,
for example. But these things hardly
detract from the general interest and charm
of a vivid, plausible, and spirited piece of
word-painting, which may safely be com-
mended to all save the real student and the
practised traveller in Africa.
The Voice of the South. By Gilbert Wat-
son. (Hurst & Blackett.) — -The scope of
this book is frankly limited. It is a chatty,
descriptive narrative of the ordinary tourist's
journey into the Sahara ; and it makes no
pretence to be anything more. Mr. Watson
does not concern himself with the history of
the people or the country of which he writes.
He went to Biskra ; he obtained an Arab
guide (whom he vastly overrates, endowing
him, as kindly Westerners will, with all
sorts of purely Western attributes which
are perfectly foreign to the Arab character) ;
and, seating himself upon one of the camels
obtained for him by this man, he cheerily
set forth, as hundreds have before him, to
"do" the desert, hugging to himself mean-
while the inspiring notion that he was
treading in ways unknown to the travellers
of Christendom. In this same self-dclusivo
spirit many charming light works of travel
have been produced, and this one is calcu-
lated to afford innocent entertainment, a
thing more generally welcome, perhaps,
than serious information.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
The Military Life of H.R.H. George, Duke
of Cambridge. By Col. Willoughby Verner,
assisted by Capt. Erasmus Darwin Parker.
2 vols. (John Murray.) — Col. Verner rightly
states that the story of the Duke of Cam-
bridge's military life is the history of the
British army during the latter half of the
nineteenth century ; and those interested in
military matters will find, if they persevere
beyond chap. iv.. much information worth
careful study. Insight is afforded into
the perpetual struggle for an efficient army
between its head and the Secretary
of State, who is, as soldiers believe, com-
pelled to insist on reduction for reasons o(
economy, though the measure may be
l.il
T II E AT II KX.K I' M
\ 1084. IYj:.
1906
fraught wiili danger to the oountry, and
i"- in it-.h unsound liiimnr, involving
tenfold ooel to I"- sanctioned in a panic si
the iHNt nut i> >iin ! crisis. Further, much will
be Found of war, from the Mutiny in India
to the I'lMiic. >-< ;< ri i in n War, indeed <>t' almost
everj military operation on a considerable
aoale during the Duke's tenure of office, in
lii> diaries or descriptions. They arc models
of completeness ana condensation, invaluable
for referem
The Duke's career is too well known to
be considered here in detail. He com-
manded the Isl Division at the battle
OJ the Alma, ami was present at
[nkermann, which be describes as "a
most dreadful and a most tearful day."
The Guards Buffered severely, and the
Duke fell the losses and strain so pain-
fully, that, in his own language, he was
broken down and for t ho moment unequal
to work. Invalided home, he was appointed
in 1856 General Officer Commanding in
Chief, a position he held for the extraordinary
term of thirty-nine years, the title having,
in 1887, been altered to Commander-in-
Chief. He di.d on March 17th. 1904, at
Gloucester Souse (since pulled down).
within nine days of reaching the age of
eighty-five.
The greater part of the two volumes of
this military life is naturally occupied with
events during the Duke's tenure of chief
command. They are many and of varying
importance : some may be classed as
routine, others are exceptional, involving
estimates of officers' merits concerning which
opinions widely differ. The system followed
in preparing the book has been to publish
H.K.H.'s correspondence, memoranda, and
reports of his speeches, connected by a few
explanatory sentences. On the whole, it
serves the purpose required — a result credit-
able to Col. Verner and Capt. Parker.
Messrs. Hodder & Stoughton publish
The Comedy of Protection, a translation from
M. Yves Guyot by M. A. Hamilton. To
say that the book is a little one-sided is a
mild way of stating the fact that M. Yves
Guyot is too strong a Free Trader to
make converts in France except among
the growers of light wine. To these he
appeals on reciprocitarian lines by offering
a reduction of our wine duties in return
for a partial abolition of the French surtaxe
d'entrepdt. No British Government will
ever make so limited a proposal. Protec-
tion is so rooted in the French electorate
that there is only one thorough Free
Trader in the whole French legislature,
except those who sit for districts directly
interested in the export of such special
goods as claret. Even the French Social-
ists, unlike those of Germany, are, quietly,
Protectionist.
The Memoires du General Marquis d'Haut-
poul (Paris, Perrin), published by a great-
grandson, M. E. Hennet de Goutel, is a
volume of some interest, though of no
importance : the posts held by the author
were more considerable than his abilities.
Born at Versailles, where his family had
gone to Court, in .January, 17S!>, the young
officer served Napoleon in Spain. His elder
brother had been killed at Trafalgar, while
another brother lived to be " governor of
the young King Henri V.," that is, of the
Comte de Chambord, in exile. D'Hautpoul
played his part under Napoleon in the
pursuit of the British during the retreat to
Coruna, and describes the fierce altercation
between Ney, who wanted to attack after
Napoleon hud been cheeked and had left
for Paris, and Soult, who insisted on a delay
which allowed the British army to escape.
D'Hautpoul gives a good short account of
tin- Peninsular \ 0 12. I
nt the expense ol Massena, a- he had alireadj
praised him at thai of Soult. he ascribi
the blunders of the Prince of Baling the lo
the batt le ol I ta laoo. Th< [uent
turning movement was based on the infor-
mation named by Napier in words which
begin, "A peasant told. D'Hautpoul relates
the story in much detail. Our hero
twice wounded in hand-to-hand fighting
with a Highlander at Salamanca, which he
calls " Les Arapiles." H< was then twice
ridden over by our cavalry, and afterwards
stripped absolutely naked by the Spaniards
on the hat tie-field. At t v. eniy-t line j
of a^c this distinguished officer was in
Consequence carried off as B wounded
private. He describes the massacre on
the road in Portugal by the peasantry of
those of his comrades who could not pass
muster as Christians. D'Hautpoul was able
to make the sign of the cross correctly
and to say the Credo, whereon a scapulars-
was put round his neck to preserve him.
At Lisbon he made himself known to the
first British officer who visited the prison,
and was then given his proper place. On
the way to England, the ship in -which he
sailed, with all the other wounded officers
who had been taken, was captured by an
American privateer at Christmas, 1812 ; but
the captor refused to charge himself with
the French, as he would have had to face
the risk of landing them in France, or else
the cost of feeding them at sea. D'Haut-
poul was sent to various small towns
in Shropshire, the names of which he
never learnt to spell. After a miserable
existence on fifteen pence a day he suddenly
became a guest at St. James's Palace, where
he stayed for ten days, April-May, 1814,
with one of the Queen's carriages to take
him to see the sights. During the Hundred
Days, D'Hautpoul, who had become a
Bourbon aide-de-camp, remained faithful to
Louis XVIII. , and even did a little fighting
against his old comrades in South-Western
France. After the second Restoration, he
again served in the Guard, and took part in
the expedition to Spain, and in February,
1830. was made Director-General of Admin-
istration at the War Office, or. in other
wx>rds, Quartermaster-General charged with
the supply of the expeditionary force for
the conquest of Algeria. The result was
that D'Hautpoul found himself, under
Marmont, the second soldier in Paris at the
moment of the Revolution of July. Having
discovered his chief in conversation with
Laftitte, the leader of the revolt, and seen
that the Marshal was not trustworthy, he
did his best, along with the Governor of the
Invalides, to defend the throne. In the
generally truthful narrative, a little dislike
of England — not unnatural when we re-
member the author's past — leads him at
this point to assert that the first shot against
the Guards in the Rue de Rivoli was fired
by a Briton, an agent of our Government,
whose comrades were scattering money for
the promotion of " a new Revolution in
France." Nevertheless D'Hautpoul became
in the course of time, a peer of the new
Government, but welcomed a still later
change. He refused to serve the Republic
in 1848, but becamo one of the principal
agents of "the Prince President" is 1849,
and was appointed Commander-in-Chief of
the Army of Home and French Ambassador
to the Holy See. These posts he did not
take u]>. having suddenly been made
.Minister of War and Acting .Minister of
Foreign Affairs. On his fall ho was chosen
Governor-General of Algeria, and, at the
beginning of the Crimean War, Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Army of the South.
In his last years he was Grand Referendary
of :
.int. N
tO © He. I i \\'e find, ! pie.
Lord Malville tedly for Lord H
Ville.
J i .. Zealand Official I B /.- for
1908 (Wellington, Government Prim
London, Eh ode; ha
already published m part-, a- " advu:
sheet-,'' atid follow- the u.-ual lin«
remarks on proceedings under the Rat
oil Unimproved Value Act, 1896, may be
oi interest to politician- here on account
British legislation promised for w ■
(1907). The explanation of thi N
land legislation of 1903 regulating "n
procal trade'' l, oent with countries
"not being part of the British Dominions"
Is also of value to us.
A book which contain- an excellent
bibliography of the British colonies and
federal movement in the British Empire,
as well as much useful reference to author.-
too often forgotten, appears under the
natural and defensible, but to Britons con-
fusing title, IS Union Britannique. The pub-
lishers are the Librairie Nouvelle de Droit
et de Jurisprudence (Arthur Rousseau).
We are apt to think only of the Unions with
Scotland and Ireland, or of the workhouse,
while M. Paul Houdeau refers to the British
Empire. The merit of the author lies in
his firm recognition of the historical fact
that union under the Crown, with full
national powers to the white plantations,
was the ideal of the English statesmen of
the reigns of Elizabeth and of Charles I..
never wholly lost sight of till the dark
period 1792-1840. The fault of Dr. Houdeau
is that he writes, as politicians speak, with
little regard to the responsibility of the
Imperial Parliament of the United King-
dom towards India, and the other portions
of the Empire across the seas which it
governs, and which pay their share of
Imperial charges. He seems to forget that
the permanent white " colonial " element
in the Empire represents, as yet, only
some 10,000,000 people, as against some
440,000,000 ruled from Westminster. The
volume is a storehouse of useful doctrine.
Frenchmen of the eighteenth century under-
stood Whig principles : those of modern
times do not always see their way so clearly
through our Constitutional maze. Dr.
Houdeau writes of the royal veto as though
the old English veto, exercised on impulse
or at the suggestion of a favourite, had
some analogy with the modern Imperial
veto. The latter, of course, would be. if
used, the veto of the Cabinet rather than
of " the King." who would never have to
" decider en personne."
MM. Pkkkix & Cik.. of Paris, publish
under the title i::i;i}>t!< ru rtAiujIais a volume
of anti-English speeches delivered by
Moustafa Blame] Pacha, for whom Madame
Adam has written a flaming preface. In it
she charges Lord Kitchener with atrocious
cruelty. The author is a very youthful
member of the French bar. and we do not
quite understand how it is that he ha-
already become a Pasha under a Government
of which he profoundly disapproves.
Though in no sense autobiographical,
Col. Thomas Went worth Higginson's Part
of a Man's Life (Constable & Co.) tells some-
thing o\ his own experiences and occupations
throughout a long and busy career, while it
chietly serves as a thread for much interest-
ing information about his friends and
acquaintances. The first of its fourteen
chapters contains some pleasant gossip con-
cerning the Brook Farm Institute, which
was -tarted sixty-five \ ears n<io. and the
N° 4084, Feb. 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
135
Boston Transcendentalists connected with
it, especially Hawthorne, Thoreau, and
Margaret Fuller. To Una Hawthorne, by
whom Col. Higginson was "in a manner
adopted as a sort of brevet relative," a
separate chapter, and perhaps the most
welcome in the volume, is devoted. The
prettiest and most suggestive chapter is on
The Child and his Dreams,' in which the
writer makes good use of quaint sayings of
his baby-friends in supporting his contention
that " psychological embryology " ought to
be a serious study. " Why should we
praise Agassiz for spending four hours a day
at the miscroscope, watching the growth of a
turtle's egg, and yet recklessly waste our
opportunities for observing a far more
wondrous growth ? " As a pioneer in the
now somewhat overdone business of lectur-
ing tours, Col. Higginson had relations with
Matthew Arnold, Froude, and many other
Englishmen, as well as with countrymen of
his own, like Whittier, Charles Sumner, and
Wendel Phillips, which were well worth
recording. His exploits as recruiting and
commanding officer of black troops engaged
in the American Civil War of the sixties
furnish material for other instructive remi-
niscences ; and the facsimiles of letters and
portraits with which the book is liberally
illustrated add to its value.
Sea-fishing in its various forms affords
much pleasure and some profit to its devotees,
from the boy on the rocks to the rich man
who travels to America in search of the
tarpon and other big fish. It needs no
defence ; but at the same time it does not
gain by injudicious comparison with fresh-
water sport. Mr. F. G. Aflalo, who leads
us to believe that he rather sacrificed success
in examinations to the delights of sea-fishing,
has in The Salt of my Life (Pitman) given
a readable account of his experiences. He
has fished in many ways over a great extent
of sea — chiefly, no doubt, about the English
coast, but also on the edge of the Baltic, in
Italian waters, near Madeira and Mogador,
and as far away as Sydney Harbour, Botany
Bay, and other Australian localities. His
success varied, but he acquired experience
which justifies his dealing with this subject ;
and if it be true that as a boy he was idle,
he has now produced or edited a vast variety
of writing which certainly entitles him to be
termed industrious. The present volume is
clearly printed, well illustrated, and attrac-
tive in appearance.
The Perplexed Parson, by Himself, which
comes to us from Messrs. Constable, is a
work which may be recommended to all
who have any interest in the Church and
who care for serious lessons conveyed in
humorous form. The writer is a man of
insight and sympathy, as well as brimful of
fun, and we do not know whether to praise
more the serious or lighter portions of tho
book.
Sa' Zada Tales. By W. A. Fraser. (Nutt.)
— This is a sort of jungle book : a dozen tales
of wild-beast life, as told by the animals
themselves, to one another and to their
keeper, during hot evenings in a zoological
garden. It justifies its existence, for the
tales are of sustained interest, and frequently
indicate close, first-hand observation. The
author is not entirely free from obligation
to Mr. Kipling, but, such as the obligation
is, it does not improve his stories ; it belongs
rather to their surface than to their essence,
which is both fresh and sound. The illus-
trations are good and spirited, and the
cover design is excellent. This is the very
book for young folk in their early terns,
for it holds no hint of the sacrifice of story
to psychology.
George Crabbe : Poems. Vol. I. Edited
by A. W. Ward. (Cambridge, University
Press.) — This is the first volume of a com-
plete edition of Crabbe's poems under the
editorship of the Master of Peterhouse. It
includes a number of juvenile efforts, taken
from The Lady's Magazine ; or, Entertaining
Companion for the Fair Sex, of 1772, which
are, however, in themselves of no great value,
and only serve to make the edition complete.
Here is also (printed for the first time) the
blank- verse poem called ' Midnight,' which
possesses no special merit, and is lavishly
adorned with capital letters. The poems
are arranged in chronological order, and the
present volume extends to and includes, ' The
Borough.' It has been most carefully edited,
and contains a list of variants, giving the
readings of the first editions of the several
poems which are here printed from the
edition of 1823 ; and a list of errata, in-
cluding all misprints, slips of the pen, and
mistakes of spelling or quotation, which
have been found in the texts here reprinted.
This new edition — excellent in type, paper,
and binding — will be very welcome to Crabbe
enthusiasts, a small but select body ; but
we fear that the general public will pay little
heed to it. It is a lamentable fact that there
are still many educated persons who are
scarcely aware of the existence of such a
poet, though perhaps the recent celebrations
at Aldeburgh may have done something to
lessen their numbers.
Of Crabbe's work little remains to be said
now. The bulk of it is not poetry, as we
moderns conceive of poetry ; indeed, the
sketch or short story would nowadays be
the fitting medium for ' The Parish Register,'
' The Borough,' and ' Tales of the Hall ' ;
but the convention of the time demanded
verse, and the excellence of the verse is
indisputable. Yet some of the lyrical poems,
and in particular ' Sir Eustace Grey ' and
the lines which precede the twelfth and
twentieth Letters of ' The Borough,' suggest
that under modern conditions Crabbe might
have been a poet in our modern sense. It
is difficult in these days fully to appreciate
Fox's enthusiastic praise of the story of
' Phoebe Dawson,' but, for all that, the
rigidly faithful pictures of village life, the
condition of the poor, the pettinesses of
country towns, and the rest, are still absorb-
ing to read, and, in truth, these things have
changed but little since Crabbe's day.
Les Navigations de Pantagruel : Etude sur
la Qeographie Itabelaisienne. Par Abel
Lefranc. (Paris, Leclerc.) — The work of
Master Alcofrybas Nasier is yielding up,
one after another, the secrets of its composi-
tion, and the modern reader is able in con-
sequence to form a juster idea of Rabelais
as man and writer than has hitherto been
possible. No one of recent years has con-
tributed more to this result than M. Lefranc,
and it is with sincere pleasure that we
welcome the convincing piece of work
before us. And yet, when one comes to
think of it, is there not something very
Rabelaisian in the thought of the vast
heaps of commentary that have been thrown
up round the little edifice the master raised,
with such seeming simplicity, from the first
materials that came to hand — the library of
hot-pressed dissertations on the homely and
ill-printed Lyons chapbooks ? And what
dissertations have they been — what far-
fetched and impossible interpretations have
been put on obvkmsly straightforward
bits of fun! Not that M. Lefranc's com-
mentary falls under any such condemna
tion. it is of sterling value, hut for all
that we confess we should have been glad
to catch somewhere in his dissertation the
twinkle which betrays comprehension <>f
what Rabelais would have thought of it all.
When the history of Pantagruel was in
writing all France was agog with the great
movement of the WTest — the transference of
trade from the land route by Venice and the
Levant to the sea. Ships were fitted out
year after year, by great merchants and by
princes, in search of some new route to China
and the East. This preoccupation is re-
flected in the book. Pantagruel in the
second book voyages by sea to Utopia and
beyond, and at its close the theme of the
ensuing story is announced as another
heroic voyage, ending in his marriage with
Prester John's daughter. The third book
(1542), abandoning the itinerary sketched
out, ends by starting him on another voyage,
which the fourth (1552) describes in part,
and the fifth (1563) leaves unfinished. M.
Lefranc's thesis is that these voyages can
be traced on contemporary maps from point
to point — that his islands and points of call
are places, real or imagined, described by
the geographers and cartographers of his
time. The first voyage to Utopia (ii. 25),
for example, is traced thus : — Paris, Rouen,
Honfleur (where the embarkation takes
place), then with a N.N.W. wind to Porto
Santo, Madeira, the Canaries (where they
careen), Cape Blanco, Senegal, Cape Verde,
Gambia, Cape Sagre and Melli (near Las
Palmas), the Cape of Good Hope, and the
kingdom of Melinde (near Mombassa) ;
thence, with a S. wind, to Medina (wrongly
placed) and to Aden. Here, knowing from
More that Utopia lies somewhere between
America and Ceylon, M. Lefranc recognizes
Gelasim in Zeilam (the native name of
Ceylon, according to the maps), and the
isle of Phees in the Sunda Archipelago,
figured in early charts with a crowned
woman. Arriving at Achoria, the nearest
neighbour of Utopia (More), Pantagruel
crosses into Utopia, and fights the great
battle with the Dipsodes.
The voyage promised in Book II. was
thus described : " et comment il naviga
par la mer Athlanticque, et deffit les Cani-
bales et conquesta les isles de Perlas, com-
ment il epousa la fille du roy de Inde dit
Prestre Jehan." Pantagruel, in fact, was
to follow the route to Cathay — the kingdom
of Prester John — which was being sought
out by the navigators of his time, by way
of the Gulf of Mexico. The Pearl Islands are
not those now so called, but are the Lesser
Antilles. In the interval between the pub-
lication of this book and that of the fourth
it became evident that no passage existed
through Central America, and accordingly
the plan is dropped without a word, and 1552
finds Pantagruel engaged in the enterprise
where so many failed — the North-West
Passage. It is to the elucidation of this
voyage, to which he even ventures to put
a date, that M. Lefranc devotes the greater
part of his book, and his argument seems
to us in its main features incontestable.
But he has not limited himself to this : a
hundred incidental points are raised and
settled, and valuable hints arc given as to
the meaning of the differences and additions
made in successive editions by the author
— changes generally neglected by editors.
Especially valuable in this connexion is the
proof that M. Lefranc's work affords of the
substantial authenticity of the posthumous
fifth book. No one. of course, contests the
presence in it of editorial alterations, and,
indeed, of a few interpolations; but it is
satisfactory to have a new argument intro-
duced into a controversy where the literary
critics have been On one side and the textual
on 1 he ot her.
Among the most interesting of the iden-
tifications proposed are those of Jamet
Brayer, the pilot, and Xenomanes the
l.;i;
T II R A Til EN .Kl' M
N 1084, Fkii. ■•;. 1906
hydrographer, "the traverser ol perilovw
.laim I I \vn\ . r i- t he Union .hie ■
i 1 1. i . i he >ii-'-"\ • i "i i lunula, and i he
i i famo ■ . h >iul">r "i In- day :
\ • omanee \a Jean Alfonae "i Baint* i
wh,. had composed a oosTOOgraphy "For
tin- king's service, and lnul been pilot to
tin- explorer Roberval. M. Lefranc brings
to lighl 11 passage written, it Is true, more
than half a oentury later proving Rabe-
[ais'e acquaintance with Carrier, and his
familiarity with St. Malo (Sammalo) and its
suburb Thalard (Thalaase).
No more valuable pure of Rabelais
criticism lui- been published for many a
day, and we venture to predict thai it will
send mnn\ students, as it has si-nt us. back
to the master with a renewed interest in,
and 11 clearer understanding of the 'Naviga-
tions of Pantagruel.'
Tb Hammersmith Publishing Society
Bends 11- two slim, beautifully printed brief
books, one containing a paper by Mr. T. J.
Cobden-Sanderson on Tru Arts and ('raits
M >■!. some results of which we consider
this week ; the other an address on Homer,
delivered last March by Mr. J. W. Mackail
on behalf of the Independent Labour Party.
Tlic first occupies 39 pages, the second 47,
of large, generous type. Was it worth
while to publish in so elaborate a form two
brief papers, interesting as they are ? Two
or three added to these two would have
made a substantial book, and all might
have been the exposition of some ideal.
Mr. Cobden-Sanderson, though he includes
some interesting historic and personal
touches, deals mainly with the spirit of the
movement. Mr. Mackail does not consider
the main question scholars ask about Homer,
but he spoke, we presume, to the ignorant
rich of Kensington, who will, we hope, buy
his address in this elegant form. We should
dispute his positions here and there, but to
hit off Homer in a single lecture dogmatism
is probably necessary.
Lippincotfs New Gazetteer of the World,
edited by Angelo and Louis Heilprin,
contains a vast amount of carefully printed
information in its 2,053 pages, which we
have found generally accurate. The ' Gazet-
teer ' covers the world, and has been before
the public now for half a contury, so that
its reputation is secure. One cannot have
everything in a single volume, and we
notice that the editors have worked with a
special eye to the United States. Why, an
Englishman may ask, should Chismville, a
post -village of Logan co., Ark., be included,
with its 100 inhabitants, and no record be
made of many English villages with a larger
population and some special historic claim,
e.<j. Chenies I This is in accordance with
the scheme of the work that " almost every
cluster of houses that in this country [the
United States | deserves the name of hamlet
is supposed to figure in the pages of the
'Gazetteer.'' Hut- this admirable feature
of the book might fairly have been supple-
mented by the nanus of all places in Kngland
which have over 1,000 inhabitants. All
the modern advances of geography are
capably exhibited, as might have been ex-
pected from the editors. The volume has
the further merit of being bound in a solid
style. The title-page bears the imprint
" London, .). B. Lippincott Company," so
one fairly expects a work adequate on the
English side.
.Missus. Blackik's Standard Dictionary
appeals in the elegant binding associated
with their "Red Letter" Shakepeare, in
which they send us Macbeth and The Taming
of the Shrew, both edited by the capable
hand of Mr. E. K. Chambers. A dictionary
produced in such a style i- a novelty, but
rather a ■. d idea, as it can figure among
the book "i the boudoir, and may o*
Bionally perhaps, if consulted, save the
lisn language from maltreatment. The
volume before tie haa the advantagi .-i
moderate hzj and weight. It does not in
olude " l.i n and two or t hree ol her
words for which we have looked. Tht Last
iys of Elia, introduced bj Mr. Birrell,
and Calverley'a Verses and Translai
introduced by Mr. Owen Seaman, are sun
to be popular members of " The Red Letter
Library" of the same firm. Mr. Seaman-
tribute is generous, and, W8 think, just, and
all the more interesting as coming from the
craftsman who has caught and handed on
to a less classical generation much of
Calverley'a charm, adding thereto an amaz-
ing cleverness which i> all his own.
We again accord a welcome to the Record
of the meetings of the Upper Norwood
Athenaeum. It has now for twenty-nine
years carried on its useful rambles to places
of historical interest in and near London.
Sir .John Soane's Museum was visited last
session, and Allhallows, Barking, celebrated
for its brasses, was the subject of the second
winter visit, under the guidance of Mr.
Theophilus Pitt, the careful editor of the
'Record.' The sixth President of the United
States, J. Quincy Adams, was married there
on the 26th of July, 1797. Among the
summer rambles we note visits to Maidstone,
Greenwich, when the Vicar of St. Alphege,
the Rev. S. Marty n Bardsley, gave an account
of the church and showed the register of the
burial of General Wolfe in 17.39, and also his
grave in the crypt ; and Theobalds and
Cheshunt. At Theobalds old friendship was
renewed with Temple Bar. We are sorry to
find from the remarks made by Mr. Frank
E. Spiers, who took the chair at the annual
dinner, that " the Society was not going
quite so strongly as in its earlier days,"
and we hope that this weakness will only
be temporary. The 'Record' is well
illustrated.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Theology.
Barry (Rev. w.), The Tradition of Scripture, ■'; 6 net.
Heard (('.), The Reformation of tin- Sixteenth Century, Brf.
Hook of Common Prayer in Spanish, '.>>'.
Condren (('. de), The Eternal Sacrifice, translated by A. .1.
Monteith, 2 1; net.
Conybeare (!•'. ('.), ami stock (St. <;.), Selections from the
Septnagint, ' i;
Gurney (T. A.), Nunc Dimittis, 3/ net.
Hall (H. R.). Coptic ami Greek Texts of the Christian
Period in the British Museum, 10
Hoge(P. II.). The Divine Tragedy, -i net
Longhurst ('I'. .1.), The Royal Master, and other Sermons,
B/6 net.
LUdemann (II.), Biblical Christianity, -2/ net.
Xorllieote (II.), Christianity and Sex Problems, B/ net.
I.nir.
Barlow (C. A. M.) and Hicks (W. J.), The Law of Heavj
and Light Mechanical Traction on Highways, 8 8 net
Fine .1 rt and .1 rehceology.
Braesbigton (W, s.), Picturesque Warwickshire, 2/6 net.
Bruges and West Flanders, painted by A. Kore-l i. r.
described by G, W. T. Omond, in net. '
Colvin (s.\ Early Engraving and Engraven in England,
i .45-1696, 106
Kin. ii (A. T.), The Story ..f the Parish Church at Clere,
1 '(> net.
Harvey (W. A.), Tin- Model Village and its Cottages:
Bournville, 8 8 net.
Pottry (tin! tin' Urania.
Bryant (M.), Verses to many Friends, 8/6
Pitch (Clyde), Tin- Climbers, a Play in l-'onr Act.-, :i (i net.
Graham (.1. 1!.), \ erses, .'• net.
Shakespeare, Works, 12 *..'.-., Chiswick Edition, 26 net.
Swinimrne (A. C), Tragedies, \'oi. V., 6/ net
Wordsworth (\\ '.), I'oems, 7 vols., Aldine Edition, 17 B net.
Mutic
Singing, by a Singer, '■'■ 6
Bibliography,
Boston t'.s. Public Library, List of Additions, IW4-&
Mudies Select Liluarv Catalogue, 1906, 1 Ii
Philotophy,
Saleehy (( '. \V.), Kthi.s, 1 net.
Weir (A.), A Student's introduction to Critical Philosophy,
•2/0 net.
. . - i
II
.||i |i|i i
I
on Uumber, VoL I i
r.u in- . .1 I ■ rl under 1.- KIT.,
<...-, n -I ' ■ i ■ .i II Lowell I ..rk.
Humph
Kemeid ill -lid J ndard Uui d the
Sudan, 1
BaJeigh (W .. The KnglUh V"«e .-- of the ^ix'-
Oentury, ;
Double Dummj Bridge, edited bj I. Bergbi
Philology.
< iospebj and v t- in ( ihiswina, l 4
Hymiu in He- Maori Language, 6rf.
Luciau Selected Writing*, edited b) P. G. Allinson, 6/0
Lugandu .Manual on tin- Prayer-Book, VoL 11.
Malumbo, tli ■ Psalm- in tie- I. inguage ..f Taveta, 1/6
Temne, second Reader, by i • -
s.i,,..,i. Book*.
Bird's-Eye View of History, by Sursuni Corda, l >■ net,
Di.-keiis <c. i. Barnahv Budge, edited b> A. A B
Evans ' udent's Hygiem
Forbes (A. II). Essays and How t-. Write Then, i
Fraze • i Summary of English Historj
Hastings (EA Exercises for Parsing in Colour, 1/6
Leigh (lion. M. ('.). Our School ..ut of j.
Munro i A). Kej to Exercises in Book-keeping down to
D
Park.- (A. K.), -null Lessons on Great Truth
Beade <<'.>, Peg Woffington, Introduction by Richard
Garneti . l 6 net,
Renault (K.i, Grammaire Francaise a ll'sage de- Angfcftie,
4 6
Scott (W.), The Abbot, edited l>\ H. CoratoTphtee
Spalding ( I'.. 11. ), The Principles of Rhetoric,
Teacher's Black-board Arithmetic. Part 2, by Tact, 1/6
Welch ((1. E.), Chemistrv Lecture \
Sen .
Bennett (K. T.), Spiritualism, 1 net.
Caille(A.), Differential Diagnoses, 2S net.
Dreyer (.1. L. E.), History of the Planetary Systems from
Thales to Kepler, 1" 6 net.
Hopkins (N. M). Experimental Klec trixheinistrv , 12 net.
Macaulay (1'. s.), Geometrical Cenica
Parker (K. L. >. The Kuahlayi Tribe, Introduction by
Andrew Lang, 1 8 net.
Keek- (II. C), Dise ises of the Horse- Tool. 10 6 net.
Robinson ( L. A.i. The Health of our Children in the
Colonic-. 2 8 net.
Snyder (EL), Dairy Chemistry, 4 (1 net.
Stupart (R. 1-'.). Beport of the Meteorological Service of
Canada.
Thurso (J. W.). Modern Turbine Practice and Water-Power
Plants, Hi net.
ioung(J. K.i. V Manual and Atlas of Orthopasdic Snjf
62 6 net.
,i!lf Book*.
Cule (W. K.). The Rose-Coloured Bus. and othei L-
from Mabel's l-'airy Hook. 2
■are.
Barnett (L. D.). some Sayings from the Cpanishads, l 8 net.
Boston's (Mrs.), Book of Household Management, 7 o net.
Betham- Edwards (Miss), Martha Rose, I
Buck (C. IL). The Assistant Commissioner's Note-Book,
(i net.
Cambridge Year-Book and Directory. 1006, -"> net.
Carey (W.), No. 101, li
Cobb(T.), Mrs. Knickers Reputation, <i
c..ke (I). I-'. T.). The Bending of a Twig
Croft (('.). Mr. rumpsy, 8/6
Druinmoiid (U.\ The Chain of Seven Li
Fenn (<i. M.\ Avnslev's Ca-c. 8
Franklin (B.), Works. Vol. III.. 12/6 net
(ihamat (K. I-'. "), I he Present State of India, an Appeal to
Anglo- Indiana.
Qibba (V.). The Romance of Empire, 8
Hamilton (Cosmo), Nature's Vagabond, and other Stn
Howard (K.\ The Smiths of Surl.it. >u. ti
Japan Society, rtansactiona, Vol. VI. Part 111., i
.1.. ubcrt (Carl), The White Hand, (i
Lane (Mrs. .I.\ Tlic Champagne standard. 6
Livingstone (B.) Letters of a Bohemian, l
Macdonal.ldM The Sea Maid. 8
Memories, bj K. 1'.. s.. -j 6 net.
orczv (Baroness), A son ..f the People, <i
Roberts (M.X The Blue Peter. Sea Comedies,
Royal Navy List. No. 11!. 10
St. Louis International Exhibition, 1004, Keport of the
Royal Commission.
Sandbach (F. K.i, The Heroic Saga-Cycle of Dietrich of
Bern, i»'. net.
sharplcss (\.\ Quakerism and Politics.
Stevens (w. .L). The British Railway outlook, l
SyngefMra, HA i Supreme Moment, 6
Ti-ent (W. PA Greatness in Literature, and other Pap,
Trowbridge (W. P.. II), v Dasxling Beprobati
l-'o B BIG N.
/•Viie AH ami Arcliifolniiji.
Charles (Mile. M.) ct Pages (L .1. Broderies et DenUlle-,
(ifr.
(faultier (P.), Le Hire et Is Caricature, Sfr. 50.
II. .1-1, -de de Groot (Dr. ('.). Die Irkunden uher Hemlu-.indt,
1676-1711.
Bihlunjrnphu.
Bevista de Bfbliografla Catalana, Third Ye;ir. 12fr. TiO.
NM084, Feb. 3, 1900
Til K ATII KXiEUM
187
History and Biography.
Ohevillet (.).), Ma Vie Militate, 1800-10, Sfr. 50.
Oroy (Din- de), Journal lnulit, 1718-84, i vols., I5fr.
Dujardin (E.), La Source <lu 1- leave Chretien: I. Lg
JudaLsine, 3fr. 50.
Grimal(J.), La Guerre de I870«t ses Bnseignaments, 3fr. r>0.
Kleinschmidt (Dr. A.), Aiualie von Oranien, 5m.
Lallemand (L.), Histoire <le la t'harite : Vol. III. Le Moyen
Age, 7fr. 50.
Marion (.M.). La Garde dea Sceaux: Lamoigiron et la
Refdiiiit' Judiciaire de 17S8, Mr.
Noel (().), Histoire du Commerce du Monde depuis les
Temps les plus Recifles, Vol. III., 20ft-.
Folk-lore.
Reinaeh (S.), Cultes, Mythes, et Religions, Vol. II., 7fr. 50.
Philology.
Preud'lioinine (L.), C. Suetoni Tranquille de Vita Csesarum,
Libvi VIII., 2fl. 25.
General Literature.
Bordeaux (H.), Les Roquevillards, Sfr. 50.
Rfefcemaeckers (H.), Will, Trinnn & Co., 3fr. 50.
Mayac, Cendra, 3fr. 50.
Rameau (J.), La Bonne Etoile, 3fr. 50.
Renion(M.), La Retraite, 3fr. 50.
Revel (J.), Terriens, 3fr. 50.
*** All Books received at the Office up to Wednesday
Morning "■ill be included in tin'* List unless previously
noted. Publishers are requested to state prices when
SOldi II I Hunk*.
TWO VERSIONS FROM THE OLD IRISH.
[These songs are literal verse renderings, in imitation of the
original metre, of Prof. Kuno Meyer's translations of
two very early Irish nature poems in 'Four Old Irish
Songs of Summer and Winter' (Nutt). ]
WINTER SONG.
Cold, cold until Doom !
The storm goes gathering gloom ;
Each flashing furrow a stream ;
A full lake every ford in the coom.
Sea large are the scowling lakes ;
Thin sleet-spears swell to an host ;
Light rains clash as shields on the coast ;
Like a white wether's fleece fall the flakes.
The roadside pools are as ponds ;
Each moor like a forest uplifts ;
N'i shelter the bird-Hock finds ;
Breech high the stark snow drifts.
Swift frost hath the ways in his hold,
Keen the strife round Colt's standing stone !
And the tempest so stretches her fold,
That none can cry aught but " Cold ! "
SUMMER SONG.
SUMMER 's here ! free, balm-blowing ;
Down the brown wood verdure 's glowing ;
Slim, nimble deer are leaping ;
Smooth the path of seals* is showing.
Cuckoos make mellow music ;
There is soft, restful slumber ;
Gentle birds glance on the hill-side,
And swift grey stags in number.
Restless run the deer — behind them
Pours the cuiled pack, tuneful baying;
From end to end laughs the strand,
Where the excited sea is spraying.
Playful breezes through the tops,
Drum Daill. of your black oaks welter ;
While the noble, hornless herdf
Sick in Cuan wood a shelter.
Every herb begins to sprout ;
The oakwood tups with green abound ;
Summer 's in, winter 's out !
Twisted hollies wound the hound.
Loud the blackbird pipes his lay,
The live wood's heir from May to May ;
The excited sea is lulled to sleep ;
In air the speckled salmon leap.
The sun smiles over every land ;
'I'o the brood of cares the back of my hand !
Hounds bark, tryst the deer,
Ravens flourish, summer's here.
Ai.i kid l*i i:i r.v.w. Graves.
■ The pal li of seals the tea.
t Hornless held « [Id 1 1 ■ • t •
EDUCATION IN THE CHANNEL
ISLANDS.
There are public elementary schools in
four of these islands — Jersey, Guernsey,
Sark, and Alderney (the last being closely
connected for purposes of civil and ecclesi-
astical administration, with Guernsey). Both
in Jersey and Guernsey these schools are
controlled by education committees of the
States of the island, and in neither case does
the island code exactly agree with the
English one. Before the year 1871 or 1872
the public elementary schools of Jersey,
Guernsey, and Alderney were inspected
annually by H.M. inspectors acting under
the Education Department in Whitehall,
and in accordance witli the English codes.
In later years the connexion between White-
hall and the elementary education of
Guernsey and Alderney was severed ; and
it never existed in Sark. The Board of
Education, however, still maintains control
over primary education in Jersey, although
the cost of inspection and maintenance
of schools is entirely defrayed by the States
of the island. The States of Jersey have
always desired to maintain their schools at
a satisfactory level of efficiency ; and the
reports of H.M. inspectors show that, in
spite of great local difficulties, the schools
subsidized by the States are not far be-
hind the corresponding schools in England.
These difficulties are largely and naturally
due to the isolation of the schools, and con-
sequent difficulty of finding and training
competent teachers. The pupil teachers'
central school will, however, certainly
obviate this difficulty in the future. There
are in the island a considerable number of
schools under Roman Catholic management
which receive no grant from the States,
and correspond to the now almost obsolete
" Certified Efficient " schools of English
codes. These are not quite bad enough for
condemnation, and hardly good enough for
recognition, but are a weak part of the
system of public elementary instruction in
the island.
Victoria College, Jersey, opened in 1852,
is a secondary school of highest grade, has
in its gift numerous scholarships at Oxford
and Cambridge, and offers to its boys a
comprehensive curriculum, leading to dis-
tinction in the Universities, and in the
naval, military, and civil services. But we
are not aware of the existence in the island
of a public secondary school for girls of
equal stattis, although there are girls'
scbools recognized by the Registration
Council.
The history of modern education in
Guernsey is different from that in the larger
island. After the severance of connexion
of Guernsey and Alderney with Whitehall
about 1872, the efficiency of the elementary
schools seems to have declined considerably ;
and to promote their welfare, and also to
prepare scholars for the secondary instruc-
tion of Elizabeth College, the boys' inter-
mediate school in St. Peter-Port was founded
in 1883, and a corresponding intermediate
school for girls twelve years later. There
are, we believe, twenty-four scholarships in
each intermediate school tenable by scholars
from primary schools ; and diligent hoys
pass wit It scholarships info Elizabel h ( iOllege,
so that we read in the ' Ap| icndiee du I'illot
d'Etat pour Le 22 Novembre, l!H>.r>': "the
progress of able hoys is liberally facilitated
by scholarships. But the treatment of
studious, able girls is not so generous ; girls
hold States scholarships in the intermediate
(girls') school, hut there are no scholarships
from this to any higher school or college."
Some eight or ten year ago the States of
Guernsey determined to reorganize and
improve their public elementary schools,
and to place them on a per nanent and
better basis ; and they very wisely in-
structed Mr. Munday, now States Inspector
and Secretary to the Education Committee,
to report on the condition (1898) of ele-
mentary instruction. Mr. Munday's report
disclosed an unsatisfactory state of affairs,
which to a considerable extent depended on
the dearth of qualified teachers. The States
and the Education Committee betook them-
selves with considerable vigour and deter-
mination to the task of the reformation and
reorganization of their system. By the
order in Council of March 7th, 1903, the
teaching (including religious instruction) in
primary schools is determined, and the
general cost of maintaining the public ele-
mentary schools of the island is distributed
between the States and the committees of
the parishes in which the schools are situated.
A judiciously compiled code of regulations
controls and directs the work in schools ;
and it has been enacted that every third
year " des inspect eurs speciaux " shall visit
the schools and report on their condition to
the Education Committee of the States,
annual visits of inspection being paid by
" l'inspecteur de 1'instruction primaire."
The States have, it is clear, thought out
the best means to ensure the efficiency
of their schools ; but they have overlooked
the great advantage of two consecutive
annual visits from a special inspector, for
two special inspections are very much more
than twice as effective as a single isolated
one. Two visits of special inspection have
already been paid : by H.M. divisional
inspectors Mr. E. M. Iveimev-Herbert in
1902, and Mr. T. W. Danby in 1905. Both
these gentlemen report favourably of the
progress made in primary schools under the
existing regime ; and this is no doubt closely
connected with the very efficient and judi-
cious teaching of pupil-teaehers under the
general supervision of Miss Mellish, " the
distinguished principal of the Ladies' Col-
lege."
The teaching of French is a prominent
feature in the schools of Jersey and Guernsey;
and in this subject Guernsey is ahead of
Jersey — rather an unlooked-for result, as we
should have expected English to gain a more
marked predominance in the smaller island
on account of the greater influence of
the English-speaking capital. It is now
usual in the rural schools of Guernsey
to find young scholars at admission
speaking only the old Norman home lan-
guage, modern French being almost as un-
familiar a foreign tongue to them as English.
In the country schools the teaching of
English is a difficulty ; in the town schools,
of French ; but the acquiring of both lan-
guages colloquially is to many scholars of
the greatest utility.
Training in art and practical science needs
development in both islands, and Mr. Danby
(1905) states that the education of Guernsey
as a whole " is weak on the technical side."
He advocates the foundation of a techno-
logical high school in which scholars of both
sexes could receive instruction equivalent to
the first-rate training now obtainable in
Elizabeth College. The curriculum in such
a school should be threefold, "including
modern languages : applied science, bio-
logical and uon biological ; arts and handi-
crafts ; all subjects to he treated with special
reference to their use to persons engaged in
agriculture, Commerce, and industry." This
scheme of technological education is feasible,
and if realized would bo an interesting, and.
we incline to think, a successful experiment.
138
T II E AT II EN A.\- M
N 1084, Fk
1906
THB swinhiN CHARTER8.
i-. ,-■■,. ' B.W,
Is yova columns of Ootober 21s1 there
appeared ■ review ol Bir Archibald Lawrie'i
most iis.iul book ' Early Scottish Charters, '
in which the reviewer, commenting on Bir
Xrchiimld's imics on King David's chaii
of the lands of Swinton to his knight Eernnlf,
aid : —
" 8ir Arohibald thinks thai the phrases ' huio
meo militi Hernulfo ' and ' Arnulfo isti meo militi'
.in- too oontemptuous to have been applied to a
knight, and that milet means here merely a soldier,
■niic of the King's Drengs.' A still more serious
point, In- hesitates to admit tin' oharters them-
selves as genuine: -'I sospeot thai they were
forged by the nn'iiks to rapport the claim'- of the
Churoh on the land of Swinton.'"
On November 25th you printed a further
communication from the l ('viewer, in which,
after pointing out that had lie, when he
wrote the review, known that Sir Archibald
condemned the charters without inspecting
the originals, he would " have commented
upon the degree in which this fact lessens
the weight of Sir Archibald's suspicion," he
concluded : — J
"It Lb of great importance that the question he
has raised about the Swinton charters should he
settled one May or other, if possible, by the
scrutiny of palaeographers and other experts.
Perhaps I may be allowed to explain that
the reason why the genuineness of two
charters referring to an inconsiderable
family can be dignified as "of great im-
portance " is because they comprise, so far
as Scotland is concerned (I do not know
if anything can be shown earlier in England),
the earliest grant of inheritance which has
been preserved to us ; also because we have
in them the first appearance of Walter
Fitz Alan, the founder of the royal house of
Stewart, and perhaps the first mention of a
Scotsman bearing knighthood. It has neces-
sarily taken some time to consult the most
competent authorities, but I now beg to be
permitted to put forward the opinions of
experts.
Dr. Warner, the head of the Manuscript
Department of the British Museum, allows
me to quote him as follows : —
"I have carefully examined the two Durham
charters of David, King of the Scots, relating to
Swinton, and from the palseographical point of
view I see no reason for doubting their authen-
ticity. The handwriting, though it differs in the
two documents, is in both eases that of the period,
and the seals appear to be perfectly genuine. My
colleague Dr. Ken von, to whom I have shown
them, agrees with this opinion.''
Mr. H. J. Ellis, also of the MS. Depart-
ment of the Museum, writes : —
"Not only do I agree with Drs. Warner and
Kenyan that from the palaeographies.] point of
view there is no reason to doubt these charters,
but I hold that the internal evidence all points to
their genuineness. Taken together, they are an
interesting illustration of the development of early
Feudal landowning, a lease for two hves in the first
being subsequently changed to s holding in fee and
heritage in the second. There is no justification
for reading an expression of contempt in 'huio
meo militi 'or 'isti meo militi.' It was a common
formula in grants of this early period, the ' Imic '
or the 'isti' emphasising the personal connexion
between the two men. and showing that the
grantee was present before his lord in the curia.
"Miles' does not mean 'soldier,' but usually a
man who holds by knight's service. The word
'baronibus1 in the earlier charter, ' tenere si. ut
ulluB ex meis baronibus tenet de Saneto
Cuthberto el de me,' shows us Hernulfs tank.
Compare another royal charter of the same period.
King Stephen, in making Geoffrey de Mandeville
Earl of Essex, says : ' quod ipse et heredes Bui
post eum hereditario jure teneant de me sioul
dii oomites mei de terra mea
Mr. Mnitlund Thomson, the bend of the
lb <"i i. id i ». pun in .ut in t be i'>' gi ■■ ' ii
in Edinburgh, layt : —
" I a bo have seen David I.'s ih.ii ti i s c,| Swinton
at Durham, and am quit d that they are of
David Is tun, . and see do reason to doubt that
they are genuine oharten of that king.
Lastly, Canon Greenwell, the \--
antiquary who has ho long had oharge of the
muniments of Durham, writes: —
" I have iiio-i i an lulls examined them on many
I ions, and with more than ordinary caution
-HUM- doubt has been thrown on them by Sir
Arohibald. in their contents I see nothing to
• any doubt as to their authenticity ; and with
regard to the documents themselves, in their
writing, the quality of the parchment, and their
appearance generally, those qualities are such as
to make their genuineness as certain as any similar
document can claim to be. in addition, they are
accompanied by seals which unquestionably are
impressions from the same matrix as that which
produced the other seals of David in our Treasury.
They have also Keen examined by several persons
competent to judge as to the nature of early
charters, and I have never heard a word of sus-
picion against them."
Such a consensus of expert opinion hardly
requires further support, but I may add
this contributory evidence. The knight
whose name was variously written Hernulf,
Arnolf, and Ernald — every student of the
period knows that these are but variations
of the same name — undoubtedly got the
lands of Swinton. On three other occasions
he appears in the vicinity, witnessing — and
high up among the witnesses — grants by
the third Earl Cospatric as " Ernaldo "
(Raine, Ch. cxii.), "Ernald milite " (Raine,
Ch. cxiii.), and " Ern' de Swinet' " (' Cartu-
lary of Coldstream '). And there have been
(de) Swintons ever since.
I trust that Sir Archibald Lawrie's sus-
picions will now be allayed, and that in any
future edition of his invaluable book the
notes relating to these two charters will be
rewritten.
George S. C. Swinton.
ICifcrnrn (Bnssip,
Mr. Unwin will publish this spring a
work entitled ' Bossism and Monopoly,'
by Mr. T. C. Spelling. It describes
minutely the trust system in the United
States, and emphasizes its dangers.
Among the subjects of the chapters are
the following : the general monopoly and
trust situation ; partnerships between
party bosses and monopoly ; how to
overthrow party bosses ; abuses of privi-
lege by municipal-service monopolies ;
the advantages of municipal ownership;
abuses by railroads in private hands;
remedies and proposed remedies ; and the
feasibility and advantages of Government
ownership.
Mr. James Blyth's new novel, ' The
Same Clay,' will be published at the end
of February by E. Grant Richards. Like
Mr. Blyth's former books, this deals witli
life in East Anglia.
The ' Life of the Ninth Earl of Argyll,'
upon which the Rev. J. Willcock has long
been occupied, is approaching completion.
It will form as large a volume as the life
of his father, the " great Marquess,"
published by the same writer in 1903. The
book will be illustrated with some engrav-
ing- from contemporary print-, and will
contain much new historical matter Eron
tin- family an In
A M.w DOVel i- announced by Mr.
ESdwin Elliott, entitled ' Ban
Story of a Modern Knight Knant
published by Mi. Elliot Stock. The si
is founded on the effort! of a band Of
young Oxford idealists to improve •
character and -tatu- of the working man
by taking part m industrial undertakings.
Thk .syllabus of the National Literary
Society of Ireland announces the foil'
ing Lectures : ' The Irish Peasant and
Stage,' by Dr. George Sigerson ; About
College Green in the l>a\- of Elizabeth
and James,' by Dr. J. P. Mahaffy ; ' The
Heroic Romances of Ireland,' by Mr.
T. W. Rolleston ; ' Burns as an Adapter
of Irish Melodies,' by Mr. W. H. Grattan
Flood ; ' Irish Portraits,' by Mr. W.
Strickland, Registrar of the National
Gallery ; ' The " Discussions " of George
Bernard Shaw,' by Mr. M. K. Tarpev ;
' Irish Street Ballads,' by Mr. P. J. McCall ;
' An Irishman's Tour through South
Africa,' by Mr. Commissioner Bailey ;
and ' The Life and Writings of Charles
Lever,' a centenary tribute by Mr. W. A.
Henderson.
We hear with regret of the death last
Sunday, at Hampstead, of Mr. Harry
L. D. Ward (late of the Manuscript -
Department in the British Museum), in
his eighty-first year. He was a man of
rare abilities and exceptional powers of
research, and the published work that he
performed for the Trustees, although not
large in quantity, was of the highest
quality. He will be remembered in the
world of letters by his ' Catalogue of
Romances,' which first made clear the
treasures of the MS. Romance collections in
the British Museum. His ' Catalogue of Ice-
landic MSS.' still awaits publication. As
the son of a late Dean of Lincoln, Mr.
Ward, in his earlier days, met and mixed
with many notable literati, and his remi-
niscences of the illustrious people with
whom he had come into contact were
frequently very entertaining.
The New York Outlook reports an
important discovery of Benjamin Franklin
documents, including original writings.
household accounts, Court invitati'
and samples of work done at Passy on
the printing press set up there for his
grandson Benjamin Franklin Bache. The
letters, pamphlets, and documents appear
to be part of the material brought back
by Franklin on his return from France in
1785. There are some of a later period,
with a map of Bunker Hill. Through
Dr. Weir Mitchell, this valuable collec-
tion has been purchased for the University
of Pennsylvania, as well as the printing
press used at Passy.
In view of the two-hundredth anniver-
sary of John Evelyn's death, which occurs
on the 27th inst., it is interesting to know
that Messrs. Bickers & Son have in pre-
paration an illustrated edition of his
' Diary and Correspondence,' in four
volumes, the first of which they hope to
N°4084, Feb. 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
139
publish on the 27th. The edition will be
reprinted from that published by the
firm in 1879. It contains Mr. H. B.
Wheatley's interesting ' Life ' of Evelyn,
and he has written a new preface. The
greatest care has been taken in the selec-
tion of the illustrations.
Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge
will begin on Tuesday week the sale of
the collections of the late Edward Tru-
man, M.R.C.S., who died in April last,
having been for over half a century a
keen collector of books and prints. The
chief strength of his extensive accumula-
tions centres in his Cruikshankiana,
but this portion will not be sold till May.
The general library contains many scarce
and interesting books, with a few in-
cunabula. The chief feature — so far as a
miscellaneous collection can be said to
possess a feature — is the series of illus-
trated books of the latter part of the
eighteenth century and the early part of
the nineteenth — books with illustrations
by the Bewicks, H. Aiken, Rowlandson,
Pugin, William Blake, and Robert and
Isaac Cruikshank. The Dickens series
(nearly sixty lots) is extensive rather than
remarkable. Children's books and chap-
books are numerous, and one lot consists
of 260 sixpenny books issued by various
publishers, "nearly all with coloured
frontispieces, many very scarce." Some
of the extra-illustrated books are interest-
ing, the additions in several instances
taking the form of the original drawings.
First editions of Bacon's ' Proficience and
Advancement of Learning,' 1605, and of
Burton's ' Anatomy of Melancholy,' 1621,
with the scarce leaf of "errata"; the
original MS. and designs of Northcote's
' Fables ' ; and two early Shakspeare
quartos — ' Locrine,' 1595, the first edition
of this spurious play, and ' Pericles,' 1619
— are among the more conspicuous rarities.
We regret to announce the death on
January 30th, after a short illness, at the
age of fifty-five, of Mr. John Philip
Edmond, Librarian of the Signet Library,
Edinburgh. Mr. Edmond in 1904 suc-
ceeded the late Dr. Law as Librarian,
having been for over twelve years pre-
viously chief librarian to the Earl of
Crawford at Haigh Hall, Wigan. He
published many bibliographical works,
amongst which were ' The Aberdeen
Printers, Edward Raban to James Nicol,
1620-1736,' and (with Dr. R. Dickson)
' Annals of Scottish Printing.' He was a
keen contributor to the Edinburgh Biblio-
graphical Society, and his wide know-
ledge, assiduous help, and constant kind-
ness will make his loss deeply felt in
Edinburgh literary society. As his work
is of the sort which commonly escapes
recognition, we shall dwell on it at length
next week.
Dr. Hans Driesch, of Heidelberg, has
been appointed the Gifford Lecturer at
Aberdeen University from 1907 to 1909.
Amongst those upon whom the Uni-
versity of Glasgow will confer the honorary
degree of Doctor of Laws at the Gradua-
tion ceremony on April 17th are Sir
James Guthrie, President of the Royal
Scottish Academy ; Mr. Mungo McCallum,
Professor of English Literature in the
University of Sydney ; Prof. Walter
Raleigh, and M. Rodin. The degree of
Doctor of Divinity will be conferred upon
Canon Hensley Henson and the Rev.
Alexander Morris Stewart, of Arbroath.
We quoted recently a Hadden school-
inspector's testimony as to the ignorance
of Scottish history which prevailed in
Scotland, even amongst select pupils.
Prof. Hume Brown took these facts as
the text of a lecture which he delivered
in Edinburgh last week on ' The Teaching
of Scottish History in our Schools.' He
deprecated anything like a " fussy patriot-
ism," but insisted that it was " by a know-
ledge of our own national history as a basis
that we can most adequately interpret the
history of other countries."
The appointment of our old contributor
Dr. Henry Jackson (who began to write in
Hepworth Dixon's day) to the Greek Pro-
fessorship at Cambridge was expected,
and will be generally applauded. The
chair thus remains with a Trinity man of
Jebb's year, and returns to a philosopher,
having been before Jebb and B. H.
Kennedy's tenure occupied by the famous
Thompson of the same college. Dr.
Jackson is one of the most genial and
influential of Cambridge men. He has
not published much, but a cloud of wit-
nesses in the shape of pupils can testify
to the value alike of his teaching and his
practical wisdom.
Mr. Charles Wells writes : —
" May I correct a slip in the paragraph
about the late Mr. A. H. Poultney ? Before
he was editor of The Bristol Evening Neivs
he had been on the staff of The Westmorland
Gazette, not The Westminster Gazette, which
was not founded until after Mr. Poultney
became assistant editor of The Birmingham
Daily Post. He succeeded to the editorship
of that journal upon the death of Mr.
Thackeray Bunce.
Besides renovating the monument of
Sir Richard Fanshawe in Ware Church,
the present representatives of the Fan-
shawe family have placed there a
tablet to the memory of his devoted
wife, the author of the well-known
' Memoirs.' This has been affixed to the
south wall of the chapel of St. Mary, off
the choir, at the spot where Sir Richard's
memorial stood before it was removed to
the south transept. The edition of the
' Memoirs ' which is being published by
the De La More Press from an original
copy of the MS., with many illustrations
and full notes by a member of the family,
is not expected to be ready before the
summer.
It has been confidently asserted in
more than one quarter recently that the
printing of the tenth edition of ' The
Encyclopaedia Britannica,' now being pre-
pared, will be done in the United States.
Should this prove to be the case, it will be
the first time that this work has been pro-
duced outside Edinburgh, and its loss will
be severely felt by the printing trade there.
It is becoming increasingly (he custom
for publishers to have works set up in the
United States. In many cases sheets and
stereo plates are sent to Great Britain.
There have been many signs of late
that the Mohammedan communities of
India are waking up to the importance
of education, and a gift of 35,000 rupees —
2,300/. approximately — from the Aga
Khan, to form the nucleus of a fund for
establishing a Science School in Aligarh
College, has just been announced in India.
About the same time that this gift was
made a mass meeting of Mohammedans
was held at Colombo for the purpose of
advocating the establishment of a Moslem
University at Aligarh.
This educational movement is not con-
fined to the Mussulman community. At
the annual social congress at Benares a
proposal was brought forward to found a
Hindu University there, and large sums
were promised. A second proposal was
made to found a Rajput University, pre-
sumably at Mount Abu.
Newman is a good deal studied in
France. M. Henri Bremond has just
brought out an " essai de biographie
psychologique " on him, and he has
already issued volumes on ' Newman, le
Developpement du Dogme Chretien,'
' Newman, Psychologie de la Foi,' and
' Newman, la Vie Chretienne.' In pre-
paration are ' Newman Hagiographe '
and ' Newman Educateur.' We doubt
if any modern religious mind was ever
the subject before of such elaborate and
many - sided analysis. The shade of
Thomas Carlyle must be indignant at all
this attention paid to one who had, by
his account, " the brains of a rabbit."
We gave M. Paul Sabatier last week
the title of Abbe. The well - known
authority on St. Francis is a layman.
There was an earlier Abbe of that name
who wrote on ' The Harmonies of Faith
and Reason ' and ' Rome and Catholicism.'
The two new elections to the Academie
Francaise passed without anything in the
way of a surprise. M. Alexis Felix Joseph
Ribot, who is better known as a politician
than as a litterateur (but it is said that " il
parle comme un livre"), succeeds to the
seat of the late Due d'Audiffret-Pasquier :
and M. Maurice Barres has been elected
to the place occupied by M. Jose Maria
de Heredia. In each case, the election
was by an overwhelming majority. M.
Barres is still a young man, and has
written a number of books, some of which
have enjoyed considerable popularity.
The Figaro of last Saturday reprinted his
first published story. ' Le Chemin de
l'lnstitut,' which appeared in June, 1882.
in a periodical called Jeune France, long
since dead.
Lord Glenesk will preside at the
sixty-seventh annual meeting of the
Newsvendors' Institution on Tuesday
evening, February 20th, at the Institute
of Journalists. The Mayor of Darlington,
the editor of The Yorkshire Post, and
others have promised to take part in tin
proceedings
l to
Til E ATI! KX;KUM
N I"- I. Pi !•. 3, 1906
[jr the latest issue of the Rtvu* des Etudes
On <■<///< a there is an article bj M Theodore
Ra inaoh on one <>f the papyrus fragments
in t In- Grant Bej collect ion presented t<>
Aberdeen Universitj aome yean ago by
the uhIou • >! Dr. Grant Bey, of Ca
Early last year the fragment was Been by
Dr. GrenfeE to be lyrical fan character,
and Mr. B. 0. Winstedt, of St. Andrews
University, placed it definitely as belong-
ing t<> All sa as. M. Reinach supports this
view, on the ground of a reference to the
famous tyrant Myrsilus. The fragment,
which consists of ten lines, is about _' in.
by 3 in. It is the first of the classical
nieces in the collection which has been
fairly identified.
Tin: death, in his sixty-eighth year, is
announced from .Montreal of the well-
known Canadian traveller and author
Francois Meicier. He travelled among
the Indians as agent for the North-West
Company, having many adventures and
hairbreadth escapes. He claimed to be
the first white man who had explored
Alaska, and he was one of the commis-
sioners appointed to settle the boundary
question at the time Alaska was sold by
Russia to the United States. He pub-
lished a number of interesting works on
his travels and explorations.
Fkiedrich UhL, whose death, in his
eighty-first year, is announced from Vienna,
will be chiefly remembered as a brilliant
feuilleton writer, although he tried his
hand with success in other branches of
literature, and some of his novels were at
one time popular, among them ' Die
Bot6chafterin ' and ' Farbenrausch.' His
criticisms were incisive and to the point,
and he was always ready to encourage
originality. As editor of the Wiener
Zeitung from 1876 to 1900 he exercised a
considerable influence on art in Vienna.
SCIENCE
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
The Zoological Society of London. By
Henry Scherren. (Cassell & Co.) — As the
reader of this volume might be disposed to
regard it as an " official " history of the
Zoological Society of London, we hope that
the Society will disclaim responsibility
for Mr. Scherren's work. At least we may
assume that it will not hold itself responsible
for Mr. Scherren's errors of fact, misquota-
tions, and perversions of evidence. It would
be a pity if the Society "whose foundation,"
in the words of Sir William Jardine, '"was
the Sumatran collection of Sir Stamford
Raffles," had to be suspected, so far as its
present authorities were concerned, of sharing
the author's views about Sir Stamford Raffles,
and the incidents accompanying the found-
ing of the Zoological Society, which were
described at some length in the columns of
The Atlicnatum less than a year ago. Mr.
Scherren's one discovery the designation
by the Council, in its minutes on Lord
Lansdowne's resignation of the President-
ship in 1 831, of Sir Stamford Raffles as
"the Founder and first President of the
Society "—confirms the conclusion arrived
at in the narrative to which we have referred,
and settles the point for all unbiassed in-
quirers. Mr. Scherren does not appreciate
the value oi iii ii'. ii evidence, or. indei
of the other and ahead\ known te-timun\
recorded in hi- itating that "the
foundation of tin- Zoological of
London was a natural development from
the Zoological Club of the Linneaii Social
and. in a fooi note on p. Li relating to Bit
Stamford's letter to his cousin mentioning
the co operation ol Sir Humphry Davy, that
"this appears conclusive evidence ags
the view that Sir Stamford Lathes was the
sole founder." He also writes of other
persons and facts being " overshadowed by
the personality of Sir Stamford Raffles, for
whom the whole credit of the new founda-
tion has been claimed." There are further
passages which reveal Mr. Scherren's desire
i" disparage the claim of Sir Stamford
Kaffles to be called " the founder of the
Zoological Society."
The designation of "founder" does not
exclude the claims of co-operators and
fellow-workers to the credit of participa-
tion. The pretension of being "sole founder"
of any institution can only be advanced
where the endowment of the founder is
the direct and sole cause of its creation.
What Sir Stamford's contemporaries meant
by calling him " the founder of the Zoolo-
gical Society " was that its institution and
successful inauguration were largely, and,
in all probability, chiefly, due to his inspiring
influence and example. The application of
the title of " founder " to Sir Stamford
Raffles is not the invention of any subse-
quent writer, but the voluntary tribute of
his contemporaries.
Lady Raffles in her ' Memoir ' states
that in 1817 Sir Stamford " meditated the
establishment of a society on the principle
of the Jardin des Plantes " ; and in Sir
Stamford's letter of March 9th, 1825, to
his cousin occurs the sentence, " We may
go far beyond the Jardin des Plantes at
Paris." Mr. Scherren's comment on this
letter reveals his imperfect knowledge of
his subject. He declares that " it contains
the first known reference by Sir Stamford
Raffles to the Jardin des Plantes." He is
in error. In 1817 Sir Stamford visited the
Jardin des Plantes, where " he was sur-
prised to find the productions of Java and
the Eastern Isles," as is stated on p. 39 of
Dr. Raffles's account of their continental
tour, published in 1818 — a work that went
through several editions. There is conse-
quently nothing improbable in the fact that
in 1817 Sir Stamford did contemplate the
establishment of a similar garden in London,
or in the statement that he discussed the
question with his friend Sir Joseph Banks.
The authority for that conversation has not
yet been traced, but, in view of the volumin-
ous and scattered materials from which a
biography of Sir Stamford had to be com-
piled, this is not surprising. There is, how-
ever, evidence available of the intimacy
between him and Sir Joseph Banks in
1817. Sir Joseph, writing to Dr. Hors-
field (p. 449 of Lady Raffles's 'Memoir')
says, " We are all here delighted with
the acquaintance of Governor Raffles";
and Sir Stamford, in a letter to the same
correspondent (p. 627 of the work cited!,
mentions, " 1 have the opportunity of seeing
Sir Joseph Banks very frequently." Con-
sidering that the visit to the Jardin des
Plantes was made in 1817, we find nothing
improbable in the statement that in the same
year Sir Stamford "discussed w it I i Sir Joseph
Banks a plan for establishing in London a
zoological collection which should interest
and instruct the public." Mr. Scherren
substitutes for the word "instruct"
" amuse." and builds thereupon an argu-
ment which collapses with the- inisquot at ion.
We have now to direct attention to other
important point-. < in p. <i Mr. Scherren
the Mic<e--i\c uddi'i chair-
man of i la- Zoological < 'lull
deliver* M< --r-. Licheno,
< hildren, Brook* .-. and \ igon in the yearn
to 1829 inclusive; and he proceeds
to gi\ e some from then
theory thai the Zoological Society was
merely "a natural development lroni the
Zoological Club." Nowhere
the {acts that the Club was of very limited
range and iafluSDOl . that many of its meet-
COuld not he held tor want of B quorum,
and that its financial position W ded
by deficits and debts. He remarks plain-
tively that Sir Stamford, although a member
of the Linnean Society, did not join this
Club. HLs abstention was doubtless due to
its moribund condition. The Zoological
Club contained none of the elements essen-
tial to success, it had been in existence
for two years when Sir Stamford returned
to England, and it had conspicuously
failed to gain popularity or success in
effort to promote and popularize zoological
science. The arrival of Sir Stamford in
London marked the turning-point in the
question. He did not attempt to reinvigor-
ate the Club, but he took up the formation
of a separate and distinct Zoological Society.
The four addresses upon which Mr. Scherren
relies for the proof of his theory that the
Society was " the natural outcome " of the
Club, and not the creation of Sir Stamford,
all contain specific testimony to the con-
trary, but the true purport of this testimony
is concealed in these pages.
In point of time Mr. Bicheno comes fix
his address having been delivered at the
meeting in November, 1826, the year of
Sir Stamford's death. Mr. Scherren states :
" He [Bicheno] referred in a short paragraph to
' the Zoological Society recently instituted in
London,' hut said nothing about its foundation or
the men who took part in the work."
How is this assertion to be reconciled with
the following extracts from Mr. Bicheno's
address ? —
"The sorrow occasioned by the premature death
of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles at the early a.
4o hangs upon every to ! i here vac
promptness and resolution about hie that
silenced all opposition, and enabled him to effect
his purpose while those around him were thinking
of the means .lust before his death he gave his
Sumatran collection to the Zoolog S ety to be
at once its foundation and ornam
With regard to the next of the four
speakers Mr. Scherren is more fortunate.
He quotes correctly Mr. Children- invoca-
tion in 1827 to " the spirit of its immortal
founder (Sir Stamford Rallies) " ; hut he
omits the later passage recording that
among the possessions of the Society
"stands conspicuous the extensive collec-
tion of its lamented founder, the late Sir
Thomas Stamford Kaffles."
Mr. Brookes in 1S_'S handed on the
tradition, referring, not. as Mr. Scherren
puts it. to the " gift of an example of the
Laillesii squirrel." but to "the noble
collection made in Sumatra by the distin-
guished patron of zoology to whose memory
it is dedicated." and presented by him
to the Museum of that Society which hails
him with just pride as its founder."
With regard to the final speech made by
Mr. Vigors in 1829, winch was really the
warmest tribute of all to Sir Stamford
Raffles, Mr. Scherren's method of quot-
ing it is calculated to mislead the reader.
lie begins with the comment that "it
is the most important, inasmuch as it
distinctly claims that the members of the
Ch*b were, to say the least, co-workers
with Sir Stamford Rattles.'' The readers
of this passage would certainly not expect
N°4084, Feb. 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
141
to find in Mr. Vigors's address a description
of Sir Stamford as " the illustrious founder "
of the Zoological Society, but, when they
find it buried, as it were, without the
specific mention of Sir Stamford's name
in a long quotation on p. 9, they will
certainly wonder at Mr. Scherren's pre-
liminary contention about the views of
Mr. Vigors as to who was the founder of
the Society. His glowing tribute to Sir
Stamford is dismissed in a curt sentence.
Sir William Jardine, writing in 1841,
called "the Sumatran collection" "the
foundation of the Zoological Society," and
linked the names of Joseph Banks and
Stamford Raffles as those of our two
greatest zoological authorities.
It will thus be seen that among Sir Stam-
ford's colleagues and contemporaries, speak-
ing for years after his death, there was not
a dissentient voice in calling him " the
founder of the Zoological Society." The
minutes of the Council in 1831 speak of
him formally by that title. E. W. Brayley's
incomplete Account of Sir Stamford's
Life, published in The Zoological Journal
in 1827, has as its sub-title " Founder and
President of the Zoological Society." In
short, the testimony handed down from
the period of the formation of that Society
and for many subsequent years is unani-
mous. It is consequently surprising to
find in Mr. Scherren's work a persistent
attempt to disparage Sir Stamford Raffles
and deny his right to be called " the
founder of the Zoological Society."
The World of To-day. Vols. III. -IV. By
A. R. Hope-Moncrieff. (Gresham Publish-
ing Company.) — The third volume of this
pleasant descriptive work deals with the
African continent, and the fourth with
Australia, New Zealand, and the islands of
the Pacific, with a brief chapter on
Antarctica. They differ little in scope and
treatment from their predecessors. So far
as we have tested them, they are remarkably
accurate, though we do not profess to have
verified the very numerous statistics. Taken
as a whole, this is a successful and intelligent
compilation from good authorities, and
the writer contrives to make his descrip-
tions at once terse and graphic. Many
■extracts are given from travellers' narra-
tives, so that those who desire it know
•where to go for fuller information. The
illustrations are numerous and good. The
page of distinguished explorers, however,
provokes a smile. To put Savage Landor
or Miss Gordon dimming beside pioneers
like Humboldt, Livingstone, and Sven Hedin
is to show an absence of the critical faculty
which is rather surprising in the writer of a
geographical series.
THE QUESTION OF THE N RAYS.
It is now nearly three years since M. R.
Blondlot, Professor of Physics at the Uni-
versity of Nancy, announced to the Aca-
demie des Sciences that he had discovered
a new kind of ray, emitted in the first
instance by a Crookes tube, and as he
afterwards found, by all bodies in a state
of strain or compression. This new radiation
was said by him and his pupils to have
high penetrative power, only pure water,
heavy metal plates, and rock-salt being
impervious to it; while its wave-length,
as measured by its discoverer, turned out
to be shorter than the shortest rays of ultra-
violet light. Yet tin proof of these matters
was not very easy. The two means of proof
on which M. Blondlot relied were the increase
of light under the N rays in a source of feeble
illumination, such as the phosphorescence
remaining in sulphide of calcium which
has been exposed to light, or a well-
regulated and as near as may be continuous
spark from an induction coil. Many ob-
servers of nationality other than French
found themselves unable to repeat M.
Blondlot's experiments, and those who did
so thought that there was a loophole left
open for doubt. At the meeting of the
British Association at Cambridge, the Berlin
professors declared with some arrogance
that the supposed phenomena were due to
hallucination on the part of their Nancy
colleagues, and in this they were followed by
at least one English and one American man
of science. Finally, an " inquest " instituted
by a French scientific paper revealed the fact
that even in the native country of the N rays
belief in their objective existence was not
widespread, and that the few faithful
believed rather on the evidence of M.
Blondlot than on that of their own senses.
Although M. Blondlot's communications on
the subject to the Academie des Sciences
have been translated into English, and pub-
lished by Messrs. Longman, and Dr. Hackett,
of Dublin, has made considerable progress
in actually measuring the light of the N rays,
little public notice has been taken of them
outside the columns of this journal (see
especially The Athenaeum, Nos. 4036 and
4038), and those English physicists who are
convinced of their actual existence seem to
have been hitherto overborne by the clamour
of their opponents.
In these circumstances it is satisfactory*
to note that the N rays have not been, so to
speak, blown out of court, and that those
who believe in their objective existence have
still the courage of their opinions. At the
meeting of the Academie des Sciences on
the 15th of last month . two papers were
presented giving details of further experi-
ments on the subject, which certainly carry
the matter a stage further. Although
neither of the experiments here announced
gives us that full and irrefragable proof
which we should all desire, yet together they
go far to rebut the theory of hallucination
raised in Germany, and one of them serves
to link the phenomena of the N rays with
certain others observed in other parts of the
spectrum.
The first of these experiments was com-
municated to the Academie by M. Mascart,
the well-known member of the Institut and
professor at the College de France. One of
the earliest facts established — at any rate, to
his own satisfaction — by M. Blondlot was
that the N rays could be refracted by means
of a prism, like ordinary light. Tho prism
originally employed by him (see the Comptes
Rendus of the Academie of March 23rd, 1903)
seems to have been made of quartz, but in
the experiment about to be noticed a prism
of aluminium, according to M. Mascart, was
employed. This was used to reflect the
N rays emitted by a Nernst lamp — enclosed,
doubtless, in an iron lantern, and otherwise
prevented from emitting any luminous
radiation — and to direct the pencil of
N rays upon a sulphide-of-calcium screen,
consisting, apparently, of a furrow cut in a
piece of thick card and packed with the
powdered sulphide previously exposed to a
bright light. This screen was mounted on
the travelling sledge of the dividing machine
us "d in the in lustrial manufacture of linear
scales, and was then moved to and fro by the
observer, so as to come alternately in and
out of the focus of the pencil of N rays
produced by the Nernst lamp, and refracted
by the prism. It was agreed beforehand that
every one of four observers should mani-
pulate the aledge in turn, and should make
a point when, in his opinion-, the BCTeen
glowed with the maximum intensity of light.
Upon this, the number on the scale at which
the index of the sledge pointed was read
and noted by M. Mascart, without the know-
ledge of the observer. It is not stated who
discharged the duty of reading when M.
Mascart himself worked the sledge, but it
may be inferred that it was in that case one
of the other observers. The four observers
employed were M. Blondlot himself ; M.
Gutton, Lecturer on Physics at Nancy ; a
M. Virtz, whose name we do nob recognize ;
and M. Mascart. M. Mascart gives in his paper
a table of the observations made by them,
from which it appears that there was a sur-
prising agreement between them as to the
point at which the light of the screen reached
its maximum, and that this differed by only
a very small number of divisions on the
scale. This was particularly marked in the
case of M. Blondlot, whose observations
only varied within half a millimetre. The
maximum deviation between the four ob-
servers seems to have been about two milli-
metres, and the observer of the four with the
highest " personal equation " seems to have
been M. Virtz, which perhaps explains M.
Mascarb's remark that the experiment
demands excellent eyesight and a special
apprenticeship. However that may be, the
agreement shown by the above figures is
sufficient to annul the theory of hallucina-
tion, if we believe, as we are justified in
doing on the reputation of M. Mascart and
M. Blondlot for careful experimsntation,
that the conditions of the experiment were
rigidly observed.
The other experiment communicated to
the Academie seems to be the invention of
M. Gutton, the jusfc-mentioned Lecturer on
Physics at the University of Nancy. It
depends upon a fact only announced by
M. Blondlot in August last, to wit, that
when the N rays fall upon the primary
spark of an oscillator emitting Hertzian
waves, the light of the secondary spark is
diminished. M. Gutton accordingly fixes
two brass rods, terminating in small plati-
nized balls, at a very short distance from
each other, maintained by a sort of wooden
tongs having jaws pressed together by an
india-rubber ring, but capable of being
separated by a screw ; and he connects
these rods by wire with two tiny Leyden
jars charged by a Holtz static machine.
The source of N rays, which here again is a
Nernst lamp enclosed in an iron lantern, is
placed near this primary spark-gap ; and
a smaller spark-gap, consisting of two
other brass rods with conical points, is
enclosed in a cardboard box having a
window opening on a photographic plate,
this secondary spark-gap being placed
at a considerable distance from the first,
with which it is connected by wires.
The photographic plate is hold by a
frame which moves vertically in front of
the window in the cardboard box, so that
it is alternately exposed and shielded from
tho impact of the N rays. Great precautions
are taken, by means of screens placed
between the Nernst lamp and the primary
spark-gap, and between the primary and
secondary, to keep the whole operation
within tho control of the operator, and the
length of exposuro of both the primary
spark-gap and the photographic plate is
regulated by tho beats of a metronome.
In these circumstances, M. Gutton assures
the Academie that the photograph, when
developed, shows clearly that the active
power of the secondary spark is materially
weakened when the N rays fall upon tho
primary spark-gap, and thai the experiment
can be repeated by any one who will take
care that the conditions of the experiment
are rigidly observed. If this be so, M.
1 12
T ii E at ii EN .i:r M
N W84, Fi b. •;. L90C
i • i i < 1 1 1 1 1 1 ..i Aujii -t la i i- abun-
dantly confirmed, and it maj be admitted
that the \ raj - do indeed modify the cinh-
non of Hertzian waves in these oircum-
Stlll
'I iii- i.i-i proposition, however, seems to
the preeenl writer not only to l'<> far towards
establishing the objective existence of the
N rays, and to bring them into Line with
certain other phenomena, bul also to offer,
almost for the first time, some hint as to
what they really are. '!"1»«- only means by
which the emission of Hertzian waves can
be prevented when s condenser of sufficient
capacity is suddenly discharged is, so far
as wr know, the presence of ultra -violet
li_'lit. The way this apparently operates is
by causing- as Dr. Gustave Le Bon was the
first to show— the terminals of the condenser
to throw out a radiation which "'ionizes,"
as it is nowadays called, the gases of the
atmosphere, and thus renders them con-
ductors of electricity. The effect of this
upon the Bpark-gap is, of course, to allow
tlie spark to pass at a lower voltage than is
necessary for the formation of Hertzian
waves in the ordinary way, and thus to
diminish the disturbance in the ether
caused by them. But if this quality is
inherent not only in the ultra-violet rays
of the luminous spectrum, but also in
their more distant neighbours on the
3cale, it must be because the spectral rays
themselves are the result of action in the
ether under the conditions already faintly
shadowed forth by M. Langevin and others,
and previously noticed in these columns.
Hence it may not be impossible some day
to conclude that all substances in a state of
strain, such as, for instance, the nerves and
muscles of the human body, cause an altera-
tion in the revolution of the electrons within
the atoms of all other substances, and perhaps
help to bring about that universal disintegra-
tion of matter which some philosophers tell
us is in progress.
SOCIETIES.
SOCIKTT OF A NTIQC A i'.IKS. —Jan. IS. — Lord A \ ( -
btiry, President, in the chair. — A paper on 'The
Ceramic Art of Ancient Japan,' by Dr. Munro, of
Yokohama, was read by Prof. W. Gowland. The
pottery described was chiefly that of the Stone
Age in Japan, which is found in shell mounds
associated with axes, arrow-heads, and implements
of stone. Some special forma of the pottery of the
dolmen period were also dealt with. The former
is ornamented with designs hoth in relief and
intaglio, and in this respect, and also in its
material, differs in toto from the latter. It is
found chiefly in that part of the main island which
lies to the cast of Hakone, and in Yeno. It is
supposed to have been made by the Ainu aborigines
who in early times occupied the country as far as
the extreme west, whence they were gradually
driven eastwards by the Japanese. The Ainu
appear to have made a stand in the country around
xedo, and to have occupied that district for a
tderable time, as shell mounds containing this
pottery are very numerous there. The pottery is
never found in dolmens or associated with the
pottery which is characteristic of the dolmen
period. Some curious small rude images of terra-
cotta, representing in conventional and grotesque
forms both men and women, were also described.
Their date is uncertain, but may be placed between
five hundred and a thousand years ago. The
designs on the garments resemble those of the
shell-heap pottery, and thej were doubtless made
by the same people. A collection of vessels.
fragments of the (lottery, and photographs was
exhibited.— The Rev. E, U. Willson exhibited, on
behalf of Dom Hilary Willson, of Ampleforth
Abbey, a silver-gill English ohalioe of circa 1470 80,
and silver-gilt paten preserved with it, hut of a
date circa 1350. The device on the paten is that
of the Afanua Dei wit ha nimbus. These interesting
formerh in tin- i >u ot the
Robert William Will-on. find Roman
Catholic Bishop o< Eloberl Town; hut oothii
known ol their previous history.
./<///. 25. I. old Avebury, President, in the chair.
Me W. I:. Lethabj read a paper on the Palace
..i Westminster in the- eleventh and twelfth
tunc . At', i referring to the few- indication
to the t ime w hen t In- English kings took up their
residenci-.il Westminster, which seom to point to
('unit'- as the- founder of the palace, ),,- suggested
that the well-known si., is reported by Matthew
Paris in reference to the intention of William
Ruf US to build a hull much larger than the great
hall, and extending from the river to the road, was
to he explained as a myth of extra He
then reconstructed the hall of Rufus from the
drawings made by Smirke of the remains of Norman
work found during the alterations of 1834, and
Bhowed that tin' Bide walls had a scries of large
windows associated with a wall-arcade just like
the clerestory ot the transepts of Winchester
Cathedral. The interior supports of the roof were
probably of wood, alter the manner of one of the
great tithe barns. A conjectural restoration of
the exterior was offered, and the paper concluded
with a description of the lesser hall, the king's
chamber and other parts of the palace in the time
i ii Henry 1 1.
LixNKAN. — Jan. 18. — Prof. W. A. Herdman,
President, in the chair.— Mr. Jesse Reeves was
admitted a Fellow.— Dr. E. Burke. Dr. W. T.
Caiman, .Mr. W. F. Cooper, ami Mr. W. Draper
were elected Fellows. — .Mr. W. ( 'arruthcrs, a past-
President of the Society, presented, on the part of
the subscribers, a portrait of Prof. S. H. Vines,
President from 1900 to 1904, painted by the Hon.
John Collier. — Mr. T. Finest Waltham exhibited a
is of coloured transparencies from flowers in
natural colours, partly by the three-colour process,
partly by hand. Mr. A. 0. Walker and Dr. A. B.
Kendle contributed some remarks. — The first paper
was by Mr. A. W. Allen, 'On the Life- History of
Margaritifi ra panasesce.' Dr. Rendle congratulated
the botanists present that they had been freed from
the incubus of such names as Margaritifera mar-
garitifera, which had been used in the paper. —
Mr. A. 1). Cotton gave the main features of his
paper 'On some Endophytic Alga?,' illustrating his
exposition by drawings on the blackboard. — A
paper by Dr. A. Brcom was read in title, 'On the
Organ of Jacobson in Kpenodon," ami was illustrated
by coloured drawings.
ZOOLOGICAL. — Jan. 16. — Mr. Howard Saunders,
V.P., in the chair. — The Secretary read a report on
the additions to the menagerie during December
last, and exhibited a series of photographs of the
red deer, illustrating the growth of the antlers.
which had been presented to the Society by
.Mr. Walter Winans. — Prof. E. A. Minchin ex-
hibited a living specimen of a lemur (Galago)
which he had brought home with him from
Entebbe, Uganda. — Dr. F. <;. D. Drewitt ex-
hibited, and made remarks upon, a white variety
of the common mole. — .Mr. Oldfield Thomas ex-
hibited a skull of a forest-pig (Hylochcerufl) sent by
Mr. (J. L. Bates from the C'aineroons, tints con-
firming the report that Hylocluerus occurred near
the West Coast. The species, however, appeared
to lie different from //. meinertzhageni, and was
named //. rimator. — Mr. W. Storra Fox read a
paper on some hones of the lynx [Felix /i/n.r) found
in a limestone cavern in Cales Dale. Derbyshire.
This was only the third record of remains of this
species having lieen nut with in the British
Islands. - Mr. J. L Bonhote oommunioated a paper
dealing with a collection of mammals brought from
the Malay Peninsula by Mr. C. B. Floss, and
presented to the National Museum. The collection
contained examples of seventeen spi cies, chiefly
rodents, of which two. representing well-known
Bornean species, were described as new. There
was also a series of Mue jural;, a speoieS hitherto
known from one specimen only and recently
described by the author.- Mr. ( '. S. Tomes read a
paper on the minute structure of the teeth of the
oreodonte.— Mr. F. F. Beddard read a paper
entitled 'Contributions to the Anatomy of the
Ophidia.'— Dr. Jean Roux, the Curator of the
Basle Museum of Natural History, communicated
a paper containing a synopsis of the toads of the
■
Mil now oi-ii i 17 .1 nnual Me* I
Di D II 8cot1 r
President a donation I
M. Nachet ot tit ml
milk, (i frame. I I
taken with thi l i.\ M. 1.
in IMF and .. .,i their kind
in <■ • The photograph are ■ I undoi
Hence, and oompai i ibly with ma;
• Ii. N. D. F. P(
fifteen ali he Oribatidc to supplement
collection given by Mr. Michael. Some excellent
micro photograph ma and ]**!
lent tor exhibition by Mr. T. A. O'D
— The Report ot the Council and 'P-
statement lor 1905 were adopted, and tie
and Council tor the en- Deluding
the President for a thud term.— The President
delivered his annual addn subject being
"The Life and Work of Bernard Renault,' who
was an Honorary Fellow of the Society. The
President, in describing the important work I
by Renault in fossil botany, alluded to the diffi-
culties he experienced in carrying it on efficii
by reason of the limited mean- at his disp
The address was illustrated by numerous lanr
del.-.
InsTITITIon ok CIVIL Fv.lNKhks. — Jan. SO. —
Sir Alexander Binnie, President, in the cliair. —
The paper read was ' The Railwa of India,'
by Mr. F. K. Cpeott.
A NTHKoroI.i ii . I( A I. I \ STITITK. /<; it. 23. — A "
Meeting. — Prof. W. Gowland, President, in the
chair. — After the passing of the reports the I
sident delivered his annual Address on ' Copper
and its Alloys in Antiquity,' illustrated by lantern-
slides, diagrams, and specimens. He aaid that
smelting had its origin in the camp tire, from which
the first primitive furnace, a hole in the ground,
used even now in parts of Japan, naturally evolv. d.
The lumps of copper discovered in "found
hoards" had clearly been smelted in this v
The hole was first tilled with charcoal,
which was placed the ore, then another lay
charcoal, then more ore. and so on ; the drai i
was obtained by the wind or by primitive lxdl
The smelted copper was not run off, hut at the
moment of solidification was pulled out oi the tire
and broken into pieces on a large stone. This
system is still practised in Korea, while the
implements used by primitive man have their
counterpart at the present day in the tools used by
the native smelters in some parts of Africa.
Turning to the question of bronze, the President
stated that in his opinion this was made directly
from a copper ore containing tin, long before the
two metals were mixed. In Hungary a copper
ore containing antimony takes the place if a
copper-tin ore. and the implements found there
frequently contain antimony in considerable
amounts. He defined bronze as an alloy ■ f copper
and tin containing not less than '2 per cent, i f tin.
had. arsenic, /inc. ftc, being present in very small
quantities. The President was of opini n that
there was no e\ idence of a true Copper Age in
Europe, excluding only Cyprus, which was. of
course, exceptional Copper implements were
only used by primitive man as adjuncts to stone
implements, which were more efficient as wear
and when found are merely copies I f stone imple-
ments ; and when made in the Bron/.e Age they
take the form of the implements of that period.
In its simple form a. copper oelt could only lx- made
in an open mould, and thei cfore I nly tlat celts OOUld
lie made of copper. The opinion often maintained
that the intention of the makers of hi.
weapons was to make an implement in the
proportion of !• : 1 was shown by analysis to bo
incorrect, as also was the theory that the ait of
tempering bronze was lost, as it could new be
hardened by hammering as well as, if not better
than, it was dene in the Bronze Age. The
President proved that metallic tin was not
necessary to the manufacture of bron/.e. and bronze
i site made by him by melting metallic copjHT with
tin ore. and from metal obtained by smelting a
mixed ore of oopper and tin in a primitive fan
in the metallurgical workshop of the Royal School
N° 4084, Feb. 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
143
of Mines, were exhibited. He also showed tha6
the opinion held by many of the existence of a
universal Copper Age in Europe, intermediate
between the Bronze and Stone periods of culture,
was not warranted by facts.
Physical. — Jan. 26. — Prof. J. H. Poynting,
President, in the chair. — A paper on ' The Iso-
thermal Distillation of Nitrogen and Oxygen and
of Argon and Oxygen ' was read by Mr. I. K.
Inglis. — A paper on 'The Use of Chilled Cast Iron
for Permanent Magnets ' was read by Mr. A.
•Campbell. — A paper by Prof. Lyle and Mr.
Baldwin, ' On Experiments on the Propagation of
Longitudinal Waves of Magnetic Flux along Iron
Wires and Rods,' was read by Prof. F. T. Trouton.
British Numismatic. — Jan. 24. — Mr. Carbyon-
Britton, President, in the chair. — His Excellency
Sir D. G. Metaxas was elected an Honorary
Member, and the Hon. F. Strutt, Lieut. -Col. R. J.
•Carthew, Dr. J. B. Hurry, and Messrs. H. Y.
Hare, A. C. Hutchins, R. A. Inglis, H. C. Myers,
and J. W. Spurway, Members ; and nine candi-
dates for membership were proposed. — The
President read a paper on ' The Coinage of
St. Davids in the Time of William I.' It will be
remembered that he recently discovered a coin of
Howell Dda, and established the theory of an
•early coinage in Wales. He then proved that a
mint was in operation at Pembroke in the reign of
Henry I. Having now turned his attention to the
period of the Conquest, he finds that there are
certain coins which also must be given to the
Principality. It is well known that a mint was
then worked at Rhuddlan, but as it was under the
Earl of Chester it was not strictly a Welsh mint.
The coins now treated, although of full weight and
standard silver, are of much inferior workmanship
to the English coins of the paxs type, the last
coinage of William I., with which they were
obviously intended to pass current. They bear
the mint-name devitvn, which Mr. Carlyon-
Britton demonstrated was the contemporary form
•of Dewiton, the old name of St. Davids. In
addition, the usual ecclesiastical symbols of the
annulet and cross pomnu'-c appear upon them,
showing that they were issued by the Bishop of
St. Davids. The writer exhibited a series of coins
in illustration of his paper. — Mr. Lawrence read a
paper upon 'A Remarkable Penny of King Alfred,'
and exhibited the coin, the obverse of which bears
the king's bust in profile to right within an inner
•circle, but the reverse has the moneyer's name and
title, Athelulf Mo, in two lines across the field. It
is a mule, combining the London monogram and
the cross pattte types, and bears clear indications
of being a restruck coin of the former type. Un-
fortunately, the coin is not above suspicion ; but
whilst admitting this Mr. Lawrence was of opinion
that it is genuine, and lie called attention to the
various points of detail in favour of this view. —
Sheriff Mackenzie presented to the Society Du-
carel's original copy of his ' Anglo-Oallic Coins,1
containing his manuscript notes and additions. —
Mr. J. F. Walker exhibited a perfect specimen of
the penny of Henry, Bishop of Winchester, of
which the only other known example is in the
British Museum and imperfect : Mr. C. J. Smilter,
a small find of coins from the Goodwin Sands of
the period of Charles I. ; and Mr. W. Sharp
Ogden, impressions of the great seal of Owen
Glendower ; other interesting exhibitions were sent
I>y Major Freer and Messrs. J. B. Caldecott, W, -T.
Webster, L. L. Fletcher, W. M. Maish, and
H. W. Taffs ; and contributions to the library
were made by Major Freer, the Numismatic
Society of New York, and Messrs. Spink.
MEETINGS NEXT WEKK.
Hon. Royal Academy, *.— 'Beaton in Architecture,' Lecture I.,
Mr. T. Q. Jackson,
— London Institution, S.— *The Development of Sculpture in
Qreeceand Rome,' Un E. Burton Brown.
— Royal Institution, 6.- Genera] Monthly,
— Engineers, 7.80.- Inaugural Address by Mr. M. Wilson.
— Aristotelian, h.- Tlie Aims and Achievements of Scientific
Method.' Mr T P Piunn.
— Society of Arts. 8 'Modern Warships,' Ix> t ur«- n, Sir W.
\Yl]it<\ |( Iltlt'-l Lei I Mir |
Tnv Society of Arts. 4.30. ' Imperial Immigration.' Mr. 0 C.Beale.
— Royal Institution, 6. — 'Food and Nutrition,' Lecture i
Prof \\ Stirling.
— Institution of Civil Engineers, 8. Discussion on 'The Railway
GftUgefl (,f IihI.i
Toes. Zoological, 8.:S0. — 1. ' Trichorhiza. a New Hydroid Genus,'
Mr. E. S. Russell ; 2. - Notes on the Histology and Physiology
of the Placenta in Ungulata,' Dr. .1. W. .Tenkinson ; :i. 'De-
scription of a New Fly of the Family Tabanidss,' Miss
Gertrude Ricardo ; 4. 'A' List of the Mammals obtained by
Messrs. R. B. Woosnam and R. E. Dent in Beehuanaland,'
Mr. Harold Schwann.
Wed. Entomological, 8.—' Some New or hitherto Unfigured Forms
of South African Butterflies.' Mr. II. Triraen ; 'Some Rest-
Attitudes of Butterflies,' Dr. G. B. Longstaff.
— Geological, 8.— 'The Carboniferous Limestone (Avonianl of the
Mendip Area, Somerset, with Especial Reference to the
Palwontological Sequence,' Mr. T. Franklin Sibly ; 'The
Igneous Rocks associated with the Old Red Sandstone of the
Mendips,' Prof. S. H. Reynolds.
— Society of Arts, 8.—' Progress in Electric Lighting,' Mr. Leon
Gaster.
Turns. Roval Academy, 4.— 'Reason in Architecture,' Lecture II.,
Mr. T. G. Jackson.
— Royal, 4.30.
— Royal Institution, 5.— 'The Significance of the Future in the
Theory of Evolution,' Lecture II.. Mr. B. Kidd.
— London Institution, 6.— 'The History of England as taught in
its Songs,' Mr. J. F. Sawyer.
— Institution of Electrical Engineers. 8.— Discussion on 'Tech-
nical Considerations in Electric-Railway Engineering.' Paper
on ' Crane Motors and Controllers,' Mr. C. W. Hill.
Society of Antiquaries, 8.30.
Astronomical, 5.— Annual Meeting.
Institution of Civil Engineers, 8.— 'Electric Driving at the
Locomotive Works of the North London Railway,' Mr. R. H.
Mackie. iStudents' Meeting.)
Physical, 8.— Annual Meeting ; Address by Prof. Perry.
Roval Institution. 9. — 'Eclipse Problems and Observations,
Mr. H. F. Newali.
Royal Institution, 3.— 'Advances in Microscopy,' Lecture II.,
Mr. -1. W. Gordon.
Fm.
Sat.
§&timu (Sossip.
We are sorry to notice the death on
Tuesday of Mr. Charles John Cornish, an
assistant master at St. Paul's School, who
was well known for his studies on natural
history, contributed to The Spectator and
elsewhere. Mr. Cornish had an attractive
style, which set off his turn for scientific
speculation, and many of his articles were
a success in a revised form. He published
' Life at the Zoo ' in 1895, ' Nights with an
Old Gunner ' in 1897, and ' The Naturalist
on the Thames ' in 1902. His ' Life of Sir
William Henry Flower ' (1904) could not be
called a success, and needed a man stronger
on the technical side of zoology.
Mr. Henry Frowde is about to bring
out a book written by Dr. Stevens, the
medical officer of health for Camberwell, on
the subject of the dissemination and pre-
vention of smallpox. It deals, among other
things, with the spread of the disease from
hospitals, and the ordinary and extraordinary
means of conveying the infection from one
person to another ; and discusses the value
of measures designed to prevent its spread,
both from a medical and financial point of
view.
The death is announced of M. Emile
Boutmy (a member of the French Academie
des Sciences Morales et Politiques) at the
Ecole des Sciences Politiques, which he had
founded in 1871, and conducted up to last
week. He was born at Paris in 1835, and
was an intimate friend of Taine, succeeding
Leon Say as a " membre libre " of the
Academie des Sciences in 1880. He wrote
numerous books, the best of which were
' Etudes de droit Constitutionnel, 1885,'
and ' Psychologie Politique du Peuple
Americain,' both taking a high place
in philosophical circles. His death will be
severely felt by his numerous pupils of the
past and present generation, French and
foreign.
Prof. C. W. Pritchett has retired — at
the age of eighty-three, after thirty years
of service — from the Chair of Astronomy at
Glasgow, Missouri, and the directorship of
the Morrison Observatory there. Dr. Her-
man S. Davies has resigned the position of
astronomcr-in-charge of the International
Latitude Observatory at Gaithersburg, and
is succeeded by Dr. Frank E. Ross, formerly
research assistant at the Carnegie Institu-
tion, Washington.
A new comet (a, 190G) was discovered by
Mr. W. R. Brooks, of the Smith Observatory,
Geneva, N.Y., in the constellation Hercules
on the 27th ult. It was photographed at
the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, on the
morning of the 31st, and was then about
equal in brightness to a star of the eighth
magnitude. It was moving in a north-
westerly direction.
Two new small planets were registered by
Herr Kopff at the Konigstuhl Observatory,
Heidelberg, on the 15th ult. These (with
which the list for 1906 commences) were
visuallv observed by Dr. J. Palisa at Vienna
on the*20th.
A total eclipse of the moon will take
place on the morning of the 9th, which will
be best seen in America. At Greenwich the
moon will set at half-past 7 o'clock, 17
minutes before the middle of the eclipse,
so that only the first part of it will be visible
in this country. It will be followed by a
partial eclipse of the sun on the 23rd. No
part of this will be visible in Europe, and
it will be best seen in South America, and
in New Zealand and the Australasian islands.
The moon will be full at 7h. 46m. (Green-
wich time) on the morning of the 9th inst.,
and new at 7h. 57m. on that of the 23rd.
She will be nearest the earth on the night
of the 13th.
Aldebaean will be occulted by the moon
this evening, disappearing at 5h. 23m.
(Greenwich time), and reappearing at 6h.
28m. The planet Mercury will be at
superior conjunction with the sun on the
20th. Venus will be at the same conjunc-
tion on the 14th, and the two planets will
be in conjunction with each other on the
23rd ; Venus may become visible after
sunset at the end of the month. Mars is
in the constellation Pisces, and sets early
in the evening ; he will be near the moon
on the 26th. Jupiter is in Taurus, near
Pleiades, and will be visible until past mid-
night throughout the month ; he was in
conjunction with the moon last evening.
Saturn is not visible this month, being in
conjunction with the sun on the 24th.
The editor of the Astronomische Nach-
richten states (No. 4068) that he has ascer-
tained that the report that the periodic
comet discovered photographically by Prof.
Barnard on October 12th, 1892, had been
redetected at the La Plata Observatory
is without foundation. That comet was a
very faint object in 1892, and has not been
seen since ; the length of its period is very
uncertain.
Dr. T. D. Anderson, of Edinburgh, has
detected the variability of a star in
the constellation Lynx. It is numbered
+ 33°. 1686 in the Bonn ' Durchmusterung,'
where its magnitude is given as 9'4. Dr.
Anderson found it of about that brightness
last October, from which it gradually
diminished to 10'8 by the middle of last
month. Its designation will be var. I.,
1906, Lyncis.
FINE ARTS
The Cathedral Builders in England. By
Edward S. Prior. (Seeley &"Co.)
In these days, when a great deal of vain
repetition and pretentious attempts at
fine writing with regard to our cathedral
churches are frequently put forth to
support cheap illustrations, it is satis-
factory to find the subject approached
after a masterly and in many respects
an original fashion. This book is bright-
ened by various able reproductions of
1 II
THE ATHENAEUM
N 1084, I'm :;, 1906
some "i the bes! old engravings ol Eng-
land's minsters, as well m bj one or
two admirable drawings l>\ Mi. J. Harold
Gibbons, and Bome printing in i oloura
from illuminated manuscripts; but the
letterpreas is bj far the most important
part, ;iinl cannot fail to be appreciated
by all true lovers of architecture and
everj sound ecclesiologist.
Mr. Prior has well acquitted himself in
focussing under dilTeront periods the
builders ol our greal churches. He has
done BO in a way that will make this
book valuable for trustworthy and rapid
reference, and has at the same time | re-
duced B pleasantly written and almost
authoritative treatise on the successive
stages of our church-building annals from
1066 to 1904. In his introduction Mr.
Prior is particularly sound in insisting
that, though tie mason's part in the
story of our cathedrals has been abun-
dantly maj)] ed out and annotated, the
( hurch man's share in settling on each
occasion what the building was to be,
for the purpose of his creed, has been
too frequently ignored : —
Planned as I have pointed out, never
to any man's fancy of the beautiful, but
always as providing for the services of the
church — exacting services that brooked of
no heresy or chance deviation — the cathe-
drals could have shown, were they perfectly
preserved, the whole course of the religious
ideals of the English nation threaded
together in one continuous chain. There
have, of course, been wide destructions of
the evidence, and the restoration of the
last 100 years has re-edited the whole with
an animus of its own, throwing into the
rubbish heap many most valuable links,
particularly the works of the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries. . . .The connexion
of the parts and conveniences of each great
church in view of the religious services of
its time have been little followed up, for
writers on them generally shirk this part
of the story. But I would venture to say
that the churchman's part in the art of our
great cathedrals, and the significance of
his impress upon their development, could
be had at first hand by any one who will
studj- them for this purpose."
The chapters on particular periods
are made of much service, not only by
their general collections of truths and
comparisons, salted with striking con-
clusions and deductions, but also by the
amount of information condensed into
their sub-headings. Thus, if we turn, for
example, to the third chapter, which
deals with the cathedral builders of the
third period, namely, from 1207 to 1280,
it is at once seen that the works then in
progress included Lincoln (quire, transepts,
nave), 1192-1253 ; Worcester (quire),
1203-36 ; Salisbury (quire, transepts,
nave), 1220-58 ; Peterborough (west
front). 1220-37 ; Wells (west front), 1220-
1242; York (transepts), 1227-CO ; Ely
(chapels), 1235-52; Southwell (quire),
1235-80 ; and Durham (nine altars),
1237-KO. In his discussion of this period
Mr. Trior is singularly happy and con-
vincing ; he is patriotic, hut his patriot-
ism is kept well in hand, and blended
With B wholesome vein of cosmopolitan
appreciation. He admits that the English
work of this date was clearly BmaUei and
ot leas consequence than that of Prance,
but still it was of important leparate
spin. ..i Gothic art, a crystallization
of Btyle, independent of the French
crystallization.'1 It was no mere cutting
from some foreign plant, hut a seedling
of similar growth, anticipating in Borne
respects, rather than echoing, the greater
features of French creation. Be con-
siders this particular period as essentially
insular. The expulsion of English ruler-
from their continental possessions had
the result of keeping English builders
for a time isolated, and developed a dis-
tinct art. The English bishops, too,
were at this time specially devoted to
the cult of the Blessed Virgin, above
their continental brethren, and hence
cane, during this thirteenth century,
the stretching out of the Lady Chapel
behind the screen of the great altar, with
the result that the square-ended sanctuary
of national usage was placed behind the
Romanesque apse, and finally obliterated
it, except in the rarest instances.
Particular interest attaches to the last
chapter, entitled ' The Cathedral Builders
of the Nineteenth Century.' The great
church revival of the last half century
brought about, as a necessary sequel,
the creation of various new dioceses. For
most of these the past history of the
Church had provided suitable cathedral
churches in fabrics originally designed
for monastic, collegiate, or parochial use,
as at Ripon, Southwell, Manchester,
St. Albans, Newcastle, and Wakefield ;
but it is otherwise with Truro, and now
again with Liverpool, the plan for which
does not, however, come within the scope
of these pages. The three special cathe-
dral builders brought before us in this
chapter are Scott, with Chichester spire,
1862-5 ; Street, with Bristol nave, 1875-
1888 ; and Pearson, with Truro quire
and transepts, 1882-7. We are a little
surprised that Blomefield, with South-
wark nave, was net added to the number.
There is in this chapter much wholesome
and faithful criticism. Truro Cathedral
is accepted as a not unworthy representa-
tion of the ambitions and faculties of
nineteenth-century architecture, and as
possessing an expression of culture blended
with an occasional inventiveness of design.
But in the true building sense, Mr.
Prior remarks, there was a flagrant
misuse of opportunity. In Cornwall,
from the material so abundant in its hills,
a cathedral of dignity, even of imposing
grandeur, could surely have been built
of rough-dressed granite. But nothing
would content Pearson but the wholesale
introduction of " the cheese-cut Bath
stone of commerce, the mildest vehicle
of jerry - building ambition," suitable
enough for the somewhat enervating
atmosphere of the city of warm baths,
but alien to the rugged sea-blown
diocese of Cornwall. Elsewhere, as might
be supposed, the writer is downright
and outspoken as to the grievous treat-
ment and ejection of sound and excellent
furniture of the seventeenth and eigh-
teenth centuries during the neo-Golhie
fury of last century, and cites with ap-
proval l)i I OX - detailed indi> tnn-nt
of the Victorian treatment of ooi cathe-
dral churches. Nevertheless, be ha- the
fail ■ thai
destroyed ->> much ef genuine histoi
and religious value cleansed loth our
cathedral and parish churches of much
which was simply duty and slo\enly.
Mi. I'im. is huge book on the history
of Gothic ait m England, issued in 19
was generally accepted as a work of
great merit, and this smaller book
the cathedral builder- well de-
place by it- Bide.
THE GRAFTON GALLERY.
Tin: Arts and Crafts Society have
appeared at the Grafton Gallery, w !•
their exhibits are shown to great advantfl
There is no doubt that there has been m
the last decade a consideral 1<- elevation of
the standard of taste in the n atter of applied
art, so that it is now possible to buy modern
furniture, textiles, and to some extent
(though unfortunately still a very small one>
■ pottery, in which the essential principb
applied design are not flagrantly disregarded.
And in bringing about this improvement
England has held a leading place. The
curious aberrations of reason and taste
which have expressed then selves in I'art
ncureau, though their origins maj- be traced
to English designers, have never been
seriously accepted in this country, and there
can be no doubt that among us, both in
stimulating and regulating taste, much has
been done by the Society just mentiom d.
Nevertheless, it can hardly be denied that
the present exhibition does not as a whole
impress one as keeping up a very high
standard. There is a great deal here which
is actually below what we may call the best
commercial level — far too many exhibits
which would not be allowed to appear in
the windows of any of the great furnishing
establishments of the West-End. Tl
seems to us more that is literally shocking
in its blatant vulgarity or its inept imitation
of better models than there used to be hi
earlier exhibitions. On the other hand, a
few individual workers appear to have gone
far ahead of earlier attempts — to have
attained real mastery and control of their
material, and to have developed a more
certain taste than the pioneers of the move-
ment.
Among these we must give a high place
to the new sc! ool of scribes and designers
of inscriptions. These have attacked the
problem of applied design in one of its
simplest and most universal applicatiei B,
and they have already done a groat deal to
establish a standard by which we shall be
hound to revise all printed and written
lettering. If once the principles they have
established could gain currency, what a load
of ugliness would be lifted from modem
civilization ! If once the names of streets
and houses, and. let us hope, even the
announcements of advertisers, w ere executed
in beautifully designed and well-spaced
letters, the eye would become so accustomed
to good proportion in these simple and
obvious things that it would insist on a
similar gratification in more complex and
difficult matters. It seems to us that Mr.
Johnston, who was. we believe, the origin-
ator of a now busy school of scribes, main-
tains his position as the best, as he is the
freest and most original of all. Hi- ('a)i(i-
cuni Qawtiaamm and Songs of Innocence
N° 4084, Feb. 3, 1906
THE ATHE^N^UM
145
(220) are of very great beauty. In the
latter he shows that, having practised long
under the authority of recognized scripts,
he is able now to develope a formula of his
own, adapted to the ideas and sentiments
of a comparatively modern work.
As excellent, and perhaps of more practical
utility, are Mr. Gill's applications of lettering
to monumental inscriptions. Mr. Gill ex-
hibits a number of stone slabs, some with
incised, some with raised lettering, some
plain, and others gilt or coloured. Modern
works of art sometimes discover many
great and important qualities ; but the
quality of perfection is perhaps scarcely
ever among them, and it is just this quality
that we fi id i.i Mr. Gill's work. The
problems which the figurative arts present,
whether in painting or sculpture, are of
course infinitely more complex than those
to which the spacing and cutting of an
inscription give rise ; but to have solved
any artistic problem, however simple, with
absolute, undeniable completeness, is at
the present time a rare distinction, and it
is that distinction which Mr. Gill possesses.
Scarcely anything in the present exhibition
gives us such pure, unqualified pleasure
as these perfectly designed and exquisitely
executed inscriptions.
The illuminators are by no means as yet
on the same level as the scribes. Mr.
Graily Hewitt and Miss Florence Kingsford
seem to us the best. The latter possesses
real invention and great delicacy of feeling,
but her sense of colour is still somewhat
too negative, and her effects are too timid
to give the full decorative result which such
work might show.
Of the bookbinders Mr. Cobden Sanderson
still seems to us the best, with a larger, more
genial sense of design than his competitors,
though in point of execution Mr. Douglas
Cockerell certainly equals, if he does not
surpass him. One or two interesting and
original designs, such as Mr. Gedge's (250-1),
show promise, but want of technical accom-
plishment.
The whole of the large gallery is dominated
by two works of art which have nothing
strictly to do with the functions of the Society.
These are cartoons for fresco paintings at
Oakham Old School by Miss Sargant Florence
(172 and 192) representing the story of
Gareth. There is assuredly nothing precious
or aesthetic (in the old slang sense of the
word) about these strange, disquieting com-
positions. They indicate no merely in-
genious and refined adaptation of past
models to modern requirements, like so
much of the better work here ; but they
have, on the contrary, the stamp of a direct
sense of life which is exhilarating and sur-
prising. They have an almost aggressive
vitality, and a masculine ruggedness and
directness of expression which might make
us suspect that the habit of literary pseu-
donymity had been taken up by artists, had
we not credible information to the contrary.
At the exhibition of the Tempera Society
some little while ago we noticed two heads
by Miss Florence as by far the strongest
work shown there, and these cartoons more
than fulfil the expectations the heads aroused,
because they show her capacity for co-ordi-
nating figure designs on a large scale. It
would be an exaggeration to pretend that
the composition of these designs is faultless,
or that the drawing of the nude has the
same vivid sense of character that the heads
display — it is at present too much influenced
by the actual model; but there is enough
here to make us hope that, if only proper
facilities and encouragement are forth-
coming, Miss Florence may accomplish
something of real and vital significance in
the most difficult branch of design that
exists— one in which it was to be feared
modern English artists would always have
to confess their inadequacy.
In furniture the present exhibition is dis-
appointing. The attempts at originality
are mostly failures, more or less grotesque,
and the best work is of that soberly imita-
tive kind which is to be found in all good
furniture shops. Of this Mr. Ambrose
Heal's mahogany chest (7) is an excellent
example. Mr. Gimson's designs are admir-
able ; they are also more experimental ;
but their effect is marred by rather clumsy
metal work. One attempt at originality in
furniture design and decoration is note-
worthy, namely, the dresser designed by
Mr. Lethaby and painted by Mr. Powell,
whose admirable work in pottery we re-
viewed recently at length. Mr. Powell
shows in his painting of this piece of furni-
ture the same forcible decision and frankness
of touch as in his pottery, but the design
seems to us too complicated and too evenly
distributed to produce an effect commensu-
rate with the labour involved.
Mr. Powell's pottery is also exhibited, but
of this we need say no more at present.
Among the similar exhibits are a few good
things done by the Lancastrian pottery
in positive reds and blues which have real
quality, and the same may be said of one
or two of the Ruskin pottery examples ;
but for the most part the exhibitors seem to
aim at a vague and indistinctive mixture of
many tints, which becomes turbid and
unpleasant.
In the Needlework Section Miss May
Morris distinguishes herself by the perfec-
tion of her technique. We noticed also a
charming embroidery by Mrs. Walter Cave
(245 C), and a very effective use of applique
linen by Miss Hussy (117).
The stained-glass designs are on a level
of worthy mediocrity which calls for no
special comment.
Among other exhibits that deserve praise
we may mention Mr. Spencer's ironwork,
Mr. and Mrs. Gaskin's enamel plaques, Miss
Gimson's and Miss Heen's jewellery, Mr.
Southall's miniatures, and Mr. Conrad Dress-
ler's sculptured spandrils.
THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF
BRITISH ARCHITECTS.
This well-known body this year set an
interesting subject for the annual com-
petition (just decided) for the Soane medal-
lion and travelling studentship, namely,
the realization of the ideal house described
in Bacon's essay ' Of Building.'
Several of the designs are of high quality,
that of the winner, Mr. W. S. George, as
shown in the perspective drawing, being a
very fine Elizabethan house, though the
plan is less true to the period. On the whole,
he has realized very successfully the house
as Bacon describes it, but, instead of " a
great and stately tower," there are
about half-a-dozen little cupolas; and
instead of the entrance block being kept
high, and the return and cross blocks
" of a far lower building," that at the
opposite end is of almost equal height.
Nor are the square staircases of the first
court " cast into turrets on the outside."
These are small matters, however, and the
author is to be congratulated on a successful
solution of a problem of some difficulty.
Roth in the style adopted and in the manner
of illustrating it he has taken the work of
John Thorpe M a model. While- this style,
perhaps, accords best with the written
description, it must not be forgotten that
the essay was not published till 1625 (the
date of the Banqueting House, Whitehall,
is 1619), so that a later style would also be
admissible.
Another point to remember is that though
in the essay the house is referred to as a
palace and the owner as a prince, it is clear
that Bacon was thinking of an English
country house, and not of a royal palace.
It is from this point of view — namely, in the
lack of domestic feeling — that the fine design
by Mr. Atkinson, awarded the second prize,
and the design hung next to his (exhibited
under the motto Red Fly), are not wholly
satisfactory, though in other respects they
possess much merit.
Both Institute and students are to be
congratulated on the choice of subject. No
better practice could be wished for young
architects than the attempt to realize the
house so finely described by the great author,
who wrote at a time when most men of educa-
tion were to a certain extent experts in archi-
tecture and all that pertained to building.
SALES.
Messrs. Christie sold on the 27th ult. the
following pictures : T. S. Cooper, The Passing
Storm, 173/. W. Midler, Tivoli, 136/.
The same firm sold on the 30th inst. the follow-
ing engravings. After Constahle : The Lock, by
D. Lucas, 96/. After Taunay : Foire de Village,
and Noce de Village, by Descourtis, 51/. After
Reynolds : Duchess of Rutland, bj' V. Green, 38/.;
Lady Elizabeth Compton, by the same, 2361. :
Lady Louisa Manners, by C. Knight, 3!)/. After
Morland : A Tea Garden, by F. D. Soiron, •">(>/.
After Ronmey, Lady Hamilton as Nature, by
H. Meyer, 34/. Turner's Liber Studiorum, the
71 plates, with Rawlinson's Descriptive Cata-
logue, 472/.
Jfitu-^rt (5ossip.
Last Thursday was the private view of an
exhibition of ' Notes and Sketches ' by Mr.
A. L. Baldry at the Ryder Gallery, and of
pictures by Mr. Grosvenor Thomas at the
Dowdeswell Galleries.
We were invited yesterday to the press
view of oil paintings by Mr. G. Leon Little
at the Goupil Gallery.
Mr. Gtjtekunst has on view at his gallery
a selection of etchings by Charles Jacque.
We regret to notice the death, at Edin-
burgh on Friday in last week, of Miss
Christina P. Ross, R.S.W.S. Miss Ross was a
daughter of Robert Thorburn Ross, U.S.A.,
who settled in Edinburgh in the late forties,
and established a position among the artists
of his day as a painter of Scottish genre.
Like two of her brothers, one of whom was
the late Mr. J. Thorburn Ross, R.S.A.,
Miss Ross early developed a love of art, and
for many years she had been a regular
contributor (of water-colours in particular)
to the exhibitions of the U.S.A., the Glasgow
Institute, the Royal Water-Colour Society,
and the Society of Scottish Artists, tn
general she painted Scottish landscape and
cottage interiors.
At the annual banquet in connexion with
the Royal Scottisli Academy, held in Edin-
burgh last week, a strong representation
was made by the President, Sir .lames
Guthrie, in regard to the inadequacy "t
the Scottisli National Gallery. Sir .lames
insisted that the want of proper accommo-
dation in the Gallery was preventing the
generosity of private collectors and others
interested in art from being effective. He
appealed for Government assistance- in (he
matter, and suggested that the Scottish
annuity fund should he capitalized for the
purposos of art.
n;
Til E ATI! KWEl'M
N 1"M, Feb. 3, 1906
'I'm; death) in tn- i\n {Ft i year, 1- «n
nounced from Florence ol the pafntiHT
Nioolo Cannioci, professor at 1 1 1 « - Aim-
demis dai Belle Am. 3
A ik m>i w in: in \ volume, ' Le Bin dani
In Caricature.' by M. Gaultier, has appeared
in Pari- tin- Week, and deals witli Cavarni
and Qrandville among other artists. ^
Tin: Parisian caricaturists have at length
reoeived official recognition, tor If. Adolphe
WilUttc has been decorated." M. Wil-
Lette'a Pierrot and Pierrette are weU
known; but it Beems to be generally for-
gotten that he was an artist before he
developed into B caricaturist — an " artiste
inonttnartrois," it is true. His most cha-
racteristic work appeared in the Courrier
Franeaia from 1SS4 to 11)01.
Ox March 6th and 7th .Messrs. Sotheby,
Wilkinson & Hodge will sell over 300
examples of the work of Mr. Linley Sam-
bourne. These original drawings include
most of his cartoons in Punch during the
last fifteen years. The sale catalogue
presents the legend " of each cartoon in
full, and also the date of its publication.
The purchase of the drawings does not carry
the right of reproduction, which is reserved
by the proprietors of Punch ; but with
nearly every item will be sold a proof im-
pression of the print. The collection is
described as " the property of a gentleman."
Mr. Charles E. Keyser, F.S.A., is pub-
lishing in the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire,
and Oxfordshire Archaeological Journal archi-
tectural notes on some Berkshire churches,
illustrated with numerous plates. In the
current number he writes on the interesting
church at Childrey. His account of Spars-
holt Church appeared in October last.
Mr. L. Ingleby Wood, architect, died in
Edinburgh this week. He was the best-
known authority on Scottish pewter, of
which he had a fine collection. His chief
work, ' Scottish Pewter Ware and Pewterers,'
was published in 1904.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
AEOLIAN Hall. — Broadwood Concerts.
At the sixth Broadwood Concert, at the
iEolian Hall on January 25th, the pro-
gramme included a Serenade by Sir
Charles V. Stanford for strings, flute,
clarinet, horn, and bassoon, composed
only last year. As in the symphony
noticed last week, form and treatment of
thematic material are perfectly clear.
The first of the four movements is pleasing,
yet not so engaging as the others. The
Andante lias great charm, and the Scherzo
humour ; while the particularly taking
Finale has touches which recall Haydn,
Brahms, and, as regards the principal
theme, Irish folk-music. The rendering
by the Kruse Quartet, and Messrs. Eli
Hudson, Charles Draper, B. J. Muskett,
and E. W. Hinehliff, was excellent. Mr.
Meux sang various songs with marked
success.
Bechstein Hall. — Mozart Commemora-
tion.
Mention has already been made of com-
memorations of the 150th anniversary of
the birth of M'l/ait, but that e\.-nt
celebrated in \eiv cha I .v I • -M ■ I \> fa-hion
bj the Concert Gfoen Club at Bechstein
Hall last Saturday evening, A chrono-
logical programme had been anao
the opening number being Ifozart'l first
Symphony in I flat, written at the age Of
eight. Haydn was twenty-seven when he
Composed his first symphony, while Beet-
hoven had reached the mature age of
thirty before he ventured on such a task.
Mozart's work is therefore of great interest,
and although there is much in it that is
weak and immature, the last movement
offers a curious foretaste of ' Don Juan.'
The story runs that while at work the
youthful composer begged his sister to
remind him to write something good for
the horn, and to that instrument is assigned
the second theme of the slow movement,
which is no other than the famous eccle-
siastical phrase of which Mozart made
such splendid use in the finale of the last
symphony he ever wrote, the one in c,
known as the ' Jupiter.'
Of other numbers may be mentioned
the instrumental Introduction to the
pleasing operetta ' Bastien and Bastienne,'
written at the age of twelve. The opening
phrase is similar to that of the first move-
ment of the ' Eroica ' ; the fact is cer-
tainly curious, but a little too much has,
we think, been made of the probably
unconscious imitation. The delightful
ballet music from ' Idomeneo,' the opera
written for the Munich Carnival of 1781, !
was highly appreciated : the music, even
apart from the stage action, is decidedly
impressive. It was rather a pity to per-
form the interesting Adagio and Rondo
for harmonika, flute, oboe, and viola
(written only a few months before the
composer's death), with the pianoforte as
substitute for the first-named instrument.
The last number was the romantic
G minor Symphony. The whole pro-
gramme was under the sympathetic direc-
tion of Mr. Henry J. Wood, whose band
consisted of thirty-six picked players
from the Queen's Hall Orchestra. Mr.
Edgar Speyer was chairman ; and Mr.
W. H. Hadow gave a thoughtful intro-
ductory lecture on Mozart both as man
and musician, and emphasized the fact
that musicians, of whatever school, all
recognize Mozart's genius, and all enjoy
his music.
Queen's
Concert.
Hall. — London Symphony
At the London Symphony Concert on
Monday evening a splendid performance
was given of the ' Magic Flute ' Overture,
under the direction of Dr. Hans Richter.
This work represents the composer in all
his glory ; but would it not have been a
good occasion for a Mozart programme 1
Dr. Richter's admiration for the com-
poser is well known, and it was he who
predicted that Mozart had a future before
him. And the modern art of music, if
such it can be called, is fast turning that
future into a present.
iltusirnl (Go^ip.
l.rniK ha kid about Mr. Coleridge
Taylor - incidental music to 'Nero* at Jl.
afajeety'fl Theatre} but for this, ho it eppi
to H-. there it a very natural reason. I
composer keeps throughout in the back-
ground ; be never malrrt undue display
either ol rebsstcal tone. At
times, indeed, he might ha a more
demonstrative, ai in the rrormasional March
for Nero's entry into Borne, ami even in I
ooncludi] , when the effects
attract ->> much attention. The very grace-
ful 'Eastern Dance1 during Ad II u one
of the most characteristic numbers. it ia
to be regretted that the public busily
engages in conversation during the mtr'acu.
music, but it has always been so. Complaints
in past years have appeared in Tfie Attienceum.
Some attempt might surely be made to ]
suade the audience to listen : the "specially
composed " on the programme might be
in larger type, arid an earnest request for
silence might be added. In time the public
would show proper respect to composers,
also to the managers who are aiming at the
union of the dramatic and musical arts.
Miss Irene Schakrek Lrave an orchestral
concert at the yEolian Hall on Tuesday
evening, and played Saint-Saens's Concerto
in G minor and Liszt's in e flat. Although
she is only seventeen years of age, her
technique is already exceptionally good.
In addition, she possesses intelligence,
temperament, and other qualities which
give promise of a great future. Mr. Tobias-
A. Matthay, of the Royal Academy of
Music, has been her only teacher, and he
has every reason to be proud of his pupil.
p The ' Don Quixote ' of Dr. Richard
Strauss, heard for the first time in London
at St. James's Hall on June 3rd, 1903, will
be performed this afternoon at the Queen's
Hall, under the direction of Mir. Henrv J.
Wood.
The fifteenth volume of the Purcell
Society, edited by Dr. R. Vaughan Williams,
has just been published. It contains I
five ' Welcome Songs ' written in the vears
1680, 1681, 1682 (two), and 1683.
. The Xora Clench Quartet will perform on
Monday at the first of the six concerts of
chamber music at Bechstein Hall. Debussy's
Quartet in G minor. Among modern French
composers Debussy is an interesting per-
sonality, and we note, too. that at Miss Mary
Cracroft's concert at the .Folian Hall on
February 24th the same composer will be
represented by two groups, one of songs,
the other of pianoforte solos.
The Gresham Lectures will be delivered
by Mr. John E. Borland on Tuesday, Wed-
nesday. Thursday, and Friday next — the
first in the theatre of Gresham College,
and the other three in the great hall of
the City of London School. The subi'
will be a- follows: 'Transposing Instru-
ments.' ' Giuseppe Tartini,' ' Folk-Song and
Musical Form.' and ' bully's Operas."
The programme of Mr. Robert Newman's
annual concert at Queen's Hall on Wednes-
day evening, I'd unary 14th, will consist
entirely of overtures, beginning with Mozart's
' Magic Flute." and ending with Tsehai-
kowaky'a ' 1812.' There are thirteen num-
ber.- in all, five of which are devoted to
Wagner.
At the Beyrouth Festival this year the
first cycle of the * King ' will be under the
direction of Dr. Hans Richter, and the
second under that of Herr Siegfried Wagner.
Herr Felix Mottl, who has not appeared at
N° 4084, Feb. 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
147
Bayreuth for several seasons, will conduct
all the performances of ' Siegfried,' and Herr
Muck those of ' Parsifal.'
Mb. Archibald Constable — who is at
present on the Continent — has recently
added considerably to his collection of un-
published Wagneriana ; and his monograph
©n the house in Soho in which Wagner, " his
little wife," and " their big Dog " lived
during their first visit to London may soon
be expected. It will be printed by a Soho
printer, and sold by a Soho bookseller
exclusively.
A curious letter from the collection of
Alexander Meyer Cohn is to be sold at
Berlin by Herr J. A. Stargardt between
February 5th and 10th. Hummel as a boy
lived in Mozart's house from 1786 to 1788,
and received instruction from him. In 1837
Hummel died, and in 1838 his widow (who
had married Von Nissen) wrote to the sons,
expressing her deep regret that their father
had left her nothing, although he had always
declared that, if fortune favoured him, he
would richly repay all the care and love
bestowed on him by Mozart, and also the
expenses for board and lessons ! Hummel's
fortune may not have been equal to his
fame.
The death is announced, at the ripe age
of eighty-five, of Henri Louis Charles
Duvernoy, who for over forty years was
Professor of the Pianoforte at the Paris
Conservatoire, where he himself studied.
He was active to the end.
Sun-.
Mon.
Ti-es.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Sunday Society Concert, .'!.:!0, Queen's Hall.
Sunday League Concert. 7. Queen's Hall.
FryerNeumann-Walenn Trio. 8. Steinway Hall.
Grand Concert, 8, Queen's Hall.
Nora Clench Quartet, 8..".0, Bechstein Hall.
Barns-Phillips Chamber Concert. :S, Bechstein Hall.
Herr Ignaz Friedman's Pianoforte Recital, :i, ^Eolian Hall.
— Miss Evalyn Amethe's Violin Recital, 8.15, .fljolian Hall.
— London Academy of Music Concert, 8, Queen's Hall.
Wed. Miss Dorothy Court's Vocal Recital, :)..i0, ,'Eolian Hall.
— Madame Kinuk's Pianoforte Recital, K. Steinway Hall.
— Strolling Players' Concert, 8.30, yEolian Hall.
— Wessel.v String Quartet. 8.30, Steinway Hall.
Thcrs. Mile. I)u>>ois ana Mr. Jan Hambourg's Recital, 3, ^olian Hall.
— Broadwood's Concert, 8.30, .'Eolian Hall.
— Stock Exchange Concert. 8.30. Queen's Hall.
Miss Nellie Stoddard's Concert. 8.. '10, Steinway Hall.
Chappell's Ballad Concert, 3, Queen's Hall.
Sat.
DRAMA
THE WEEK.
His Majesty's. — Nero : a Drama in
Four Acts. By Stephen Phillips.
It is a bold experiment, for which there
is, perhaps, a shadow of justification, to
show Nero as the founder of the cult of
aestfieticism and the originator of the
theory of art for art's sake. This is
what is virtually done in Mr. Stephen
Phillips's drama, which constitutes the
latest novelty at His Majesty's. In itself
the life of a sensualist and a coward such
as Nero seems to have been, furnishes
few temptations to the dramatist, and
the attempts to deal with it in England
and France are neither numerous nor
specially noteworthy. Racine was well
inspired in choosing Britannicus rather
than Nero as the subject of his famous
drama. In dealing with his theme Mr.
Phillips has adhered closely to history, and
it is in the character of the emperor, if
anywhere, that he has departed from what
is told us in Tacitus, Suetonius, and Dion.
That much of the ' Annals ' of Tacitus
■dealing with the career of Nero has strayed
as to be regretted ; but apart from the
possibility that Suetonius had access to
what for us is lost, it is conceivable that
the substitution of a stupid for a brilliant
biographer involves a gain in justice. Not
absolutely original is Mr. Phillips in
assuming that Nero prided himself before
all things upon his artistic endowments.
The memorable phrase " Qualis artifex
pereo " is transmitted by Suetonius ; and
it was a French writer who described
Nero, as seen in the pages of Suetonius,
as a cabotin. A cabotin in the drama of
Mr. Stephen Phillips he assuredly is, and
something almost of a sentimentalist ;
and as the period at which the action
closes with the burning of Rome — which,
however, is anticipated by the death of
Poppaea — precedes the worst of the poli-
tical persecutions of Nero, as well as his
flight and suicide, a design is apparent to
preserve for him a measure of our sym-
pathies.
Knowledge of the death of Claudius,
slain by Agrippina with poison supplied
by Lucusta, is kept back from the
people until the arrival of Nero,
flushed with triumph from a torchlight
chariot race, when, with the announce-
ment that Caesar is dead, Burrus, intro-
ducing Nero, exclaims, " Behold Caesar ! "
Nero then makes his historic declaration
that he inaugurates a reign of peace,
clemency, and liberty of speech. Agrippina
embraces him with more than parental
effusion as he indues the imperial purple,
and strives from the first to extort from
him the promise of that divided empire,
her efforts after which are the cause of
her crimes and her death. Much of the
second act is spectacular, consisting in
the reception of delegates, Parthian and
English. Finding her pretensions to share
the throne rejected by her son at the
instigation of Burrus, Tigellinus, and
Seneca, Agrippina seeks to install Britan-
nicus in his place, leading thus to the
poisoning of the youth, who expires in
the course of a recitation at a banquet
in front of which Poppaea occupies a
position of state. All this, with much
that follows, is history. Successive scenes
or acts show the prompting of Nero by
Poppaea to the assassination of Agrippina,
the accomplishment of the deed, and the
subsequent haunting of Nero's couch by
the murdered woman, whose wraith has,
however, visited his slumbers nightly
before her own demise — so far as we know,
a unique instance of the spectral presence
of a being still living. Then follow the
death of Poppaea, to whose slaughter Nero
is in no wise contributory, and the return
of Acte, who has embraced the faith of
the Christians. Concluding pageantry
exhibits the return of Nero in triumph to
Rome and the view of the burning city,
rapturously contemplated and hymned
by the emperor.
No very high praise is bestowed on
' Nero ' in affirming that it is the most
considerable work yet written on the
theme. It is the furthest possible from
a conventional drama, the termination of
which would doubtless have shown Nero's
death at the house of Phaon with the aid
of Epaphroditus,
Deserted at his utmost need
By those his former bounty fed,
but waited on by the faithful Acte. The
present work is higher in order, almost its
only fault being that it is overlaid with
pageantry, most of it so good as almost to
be epoch-marking. The verse is excellent
in quality. Space fails us for quotation,
but the following description by Acte of
Poppaea, though modern (perhaps neces-
sarily) in expression, is illustrative of Mr.
Phillips's method, and shows an advance
upon ' Herod,' ' Francesca,' and ' The Sin
of David ' : —
A Avoman without pity, beautiful.
She makes the earth we tread on false, the heaven
A merest mist — a vapour. Yet her face
Is as the face of a child uplifted, pure.
But plead with lightning rather than those eyes,
Or earthquake rather than that gentle bosom
Rising and falling near thy heart. Her voice
Comes running on the ear as a rivulet,
Yet if you hearken, you shall hear behind
The breaking of the sea whose waves are souls
That break upon a human-crying beach.
Ever she smileth, yet hath never smiled,
And in her lovely laughter is no joy.
Yet hath none fairer strayed into the world
Or wandered in more witchery through the air
Since she who drew the dreaming keels of Greece
After her over the Ionian foam.
An interpretation excellent in the main
is afforded. Mr. Tree has done nothing
better than Nero, and renders the cha-
racter splendidly picturesque and impres-
sive. Mrs. Tree's Agrippina is sufficiently
malign, and Miss Constance Collier's
Poppaea gorgeously alluring, an almost
ideal Delilah. Acte is charmingly played
by Miss Dorothea Baird. Mr. Basil Gill
exhibits vigour as Otho, no wise dis-
posed to profit by his wife's acquies-
cence in Nero's advances. Messrs. Fisher
White, Lyn Harding, and Somerset are
prominent members of the Imperial Court.
In the way of spectacle nothing equally
gorgeous and satisfactory has been at-
tempted, and the whole is an intellectual
entertainment and a lesson in art. Its
inordinate length constitutes the only
obstacle to its success.
Terry's. — The Heroic Stubbs : a Comedy
in Four Acts. By Henry Arthur Jones.
Like all the more successful of Mr. Jones's
recent pieces, among which it is to be
counted, his latest comedy is in his
thinnest vein, and is as much a sketch of
social manners as a play. A species of
quixotry animates the romantic little
West-End bootmaker, who, having found
at once his ideal and his mascotte in a
pretty and indiscreet lady of fashion,
opposes the frail obstacle of his protec-
tion to the stalwart ruffianism of a fashion-
able libertine able, in ordinary phrase, to
" eat him," and is rewarded by saving
her from his wiles, and also from drowning,
and by acting generally as her guardian
angel. The play would be stronger had
the peril from which he saves the heroine
seemed less fortuitous, and been a more
direct outcome of her ill-advised experi-
ment ; but the qualification " heroic " is
not too strong for the devoted little boot-
maker who constitutes himself, if not a
squire of ladies, at least the squire of one
particular lady. The interior of West-
1 18
Til E ATI! KNJEUM
\ 1084, i'i i;. ■;. am
End shopi becomea ■ customary back
ground Pot dramatic ut Hon, and the
|>ri\ ;i t «• Btting-rOOm in Piccadilly of
Roland Btubbfl may be Be1 against the
Bond Btrcol manicure rstablishinent
in 'The <•■!> I-"!.I Qnez.1 The scenes in
this place of fashionable resort and those
jit the < <rab and Lobster, the S arerolifi
Hotel, are entertaining and well played.
'I'lu-e in the last act at Culvei lands, in
which the lady lias to depend for safety
upon the latent chivalry in an offensive
specimen of a society journalist, are less
convincing. Miss Gertrude Kingston acts
very brightly as the experimental Lady
Hermione, and Mr. James Welch is comic-
ally chivalrous as the heroic bootmaker.
Il< 'Inlaw the hotel landlord, is in the hands
of Mr. B. Dagnall.
Keav Royalty. — Le Pere Lebormard :
Conudie en Quatre Actes. Par Jean
Aicard. — Louis XI. : Tragedie en Cinq
Acics. Par Casimir Delavigne. — Le
Misanthrope.
Written originally for M. Got, ' Le Pere
Lebonnard ' of M. Aieard was accepted
at the Comedie Francaise, put in rehearsal,
and rejected as intractable. It was then
taken to the Theatre Libre, where it was
given in 1889, together with ' Dans le
Guignol,' a prose prologue of the same
author, ridiculing the Theatre Francois in
general and M. Got in particular. This
performance of the hero of ' Pere Lebon-
nard ' did much to establish the reputation
of M. Antoine. In 1904 the piece was
resumed by the Comedie Franchise, M.
Sylvain creating an eminently favourable
impression in the role intended for M. Got.
In this he has reappeared in London,
Madame Sylvain also taking her part
(original so far as the Comedie Franchise
is concerned) of Madame Lebonnard.
The Louis XL of M. Silvain, exhibited
on Tuesday at the New Royalty, is a fine
and varied piece of acting. It is rather a
bourgeois monarch, however, that is de-
picted, and we miss the cynical malignity
of Irving no less than the deadliness of
Charles Kean, the supremacy of whose
Louis is uncontested.
A performance of ' Le Misanthrope ' was
given on Wednesday morning, and was
preceded by a causerie of M. Silvain on
' L'Art de dire les Vers.' M. Silvain's
Alceste lacks some of the distinction
assigned the character by actors such as
Bressant and Delaunay, but is an admir-
able piece of acting, ripe and powerful,
though revealing, as is perhaps rightly the
custom at the Comedie Francaise, more
rage than suffering. The general cast was
excellent, and the public was stirred as it
has rarely been at these performances.
Changes at the newly established
Theatre Francais in London are too fre-
quent to permit of the English public
being kept au courant.
33 ram at ic (fiosoip.
' Thk Dean's Dilemma,' a comedietta by
Mr. Albert J. Dearden, lias been produced
at the Ganick Theatre. Its scene is laid
in I In- l < k 'li..- oi " ( mi, I 'l nip (ii an, (in ill ■ I
minded Im in).', in irhcM chambers dm
Mit\ \\i ik ■ young lady liu* tuki n In Iter.
Mr. <>. B. ( 1"M mi rm I a humorous J"' i
sentatioii of the Pciin, Mr. Clmrli .- Coodhart
playing tin Master, who I- the uncle of the
rugith 1 1.
Imi; Mn n ai'.staat ' of Herren Gustav
von Mo.ser and l'hilo von Troths, given on
Saturday last at the Octal Qoeen Btl
Theatre, hius been played during the pas<
9 < < k. Jt is a four-act farce, a little primitive
and extravagant, and shows the company
to no special advantage. A solitary pre-
sentation this evening of Ibsen's ' Stiitzcn
dei Geselbchaft ' brings the season to a
termination^
A representation of Ibsen's ' Lady
Inger of Ostrat ' was given at the Scala
1 heatre on Monday afternoon, with Miss
Edith Olive as Lady Inger, Mr. Henry
Ainsley as Nils Lykke, and Mr. Harcourt
Williams as Nils Stensson. Nothing can be
less like an ordinary Ibsen play than this
earliest of his prose dramas.
A series of afternoon performances of
Mr. Stephen Phillips's ' Sin of David ' is
shortly to be given — at what place is not
announced — with Mr. H. B. Irving as Sir
Rupert Lisle and Miss Constance Collier as
Miriam.
On March 12th the ' Electra ' of Euripides,
in the translation of Mr. Gilbert Murray, will
be transferred for a few evenings into the
evening bill at the Court.
Next Tuesday an afternoon performance
will be given at the Court of 'A Question of
Age,' a tliree-act comedy by Mr. Robert
Vernon Harcourt, and ' The Convict on the
Hearth,' by Mr. Frederick Fenn. In the
first-named piece the principal parts wall be
assigned Miss Fanny Brough, Miss Darragh,
Mr. Frederick Kerr, and Mr. C. M. Hallard.
' Lights Out ' has not held long possession
of the Savoy, from which house it was with-
drawn at the close of last week.
Mr. Henri de Vries has appeared at the
Madison Square Theatre, New York, playing
his well-known round of characters in ' A
Case of Arson.'
To Correspondents.— P. H. n.— H. J. c. G.— F.
received. H. J.— Many thanks. ('. S.— Already allotted.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Page
Arnold 124
Authors' Agents 121
Bagster ct Sons 161
Bell & sons 148
Cambridge Press vi:t
Catalogues lfil
I in < ATION.W 121
Exhibitions 121
I III MM \\\ 161
Burst & Blackett 126
Insurance Companies ir>o
Lectures i-i
Longmans A Co 126
Sampson Low, Marston A Co i.h
Macmillan & Co 126
Magazines, &c 198
Miscellaneous 132
Mudie's Library US
Murray 124
Notes and Queries ux>
Oxford i'mvkksity Press U8
Publishers' Circular 126
Rn IKS 1-jC
Sales by Auction 128
Sin \ CIONB \ kCANT 121
sin ltions Wanted 121
Smith, Elder a Co 152
Stanford 128
Type-writers 121
MESSRS. BELL'S
BOOKS.
CA TA LOG UK KHt jx>*tfrte on application.
JUST PUBLISHED, ■a*U4bo net.
THE ITINERARY OF JOHN
LELAKD IN WALES, In or about the
].".:',<; L53Q. I . ■ ted from
arranged and edited by LUCY TOU1
SMITH. With a Maj,.'
The remainder of the work,
Itinerary in England,' is in the press.
"The book of the Mi-ck ao fai
oeraed Where the evidence oi Leland
tially valuable is in his notea on churcneg
and lost boundaries and the lik<-. He u interesting
in a passage — now freshly added — about the old
town walls and gates and towen of Denbigh town.
His record of sixteenth - century Wales is
invaluable."
Kj. 1 n Rhys in the Memeieeter Guardian.
"Concise and useful notes, together with the
modern names of places, are supplied, there is an
excellent index of places, and the work itself is put
forward in most attractive form, and is admirably
printed." — J/" Courier.
'The
is con-
:- bene*
NEW VOLUME OF THE
ART GALLERIES OF EUROPE.
With numerous Illustrations, crown 8vo, 6a. net.
THE ART OF THE VENICE
ACADEMY. By MARY KNIGHT POTTER.
Previously Issued : — The Art of the Vatican —
The Art of the Louvre— The Art of the Pitti
Palace— The Art of the National Gallery.
Crown 8vo, 4*. GcZ. net.
BROWNING AND DOGMA. Being
Seven Lectures on Browning's Attitude to
Dogmatic Theology. Bv ETH EL M. N AISH.
[Ready Feb. 7.
These Lectures are based on the following Works
of Browning: — Caliban upon Setebos — Cleon —
Bishop Blougram's Apology — Christmas Eve and
Easter Daj- — La Saisiaz.
Post 8vo, 6& not.
STUDIES IN POETRY AND
CRITICISM. By J. CHURTON COLLINS.
Contents: — The Poetry and Poets of America —
The Collected Works of bird Byron— The Collected
Poems of William Watson — The Poetry of Mr.
Gerald Massey — Miltonio Myths and their Authors
— Longinus : a Greek Criticism — The True Functions
of Poet IT.
Now complete in 2 vols., royal Svo,
10s. Gd. net each.
A DICTIONARY OF SAINTLY
WOMEN. By A. B. C. DUNBAR.
"The present compiler has gone to the best
sources — the Acta oatustorum, Guenebaula, the
Roman Martyrology, and so forth, and authorities
are given for each article The value of the book
is enhanced by the fact that, when a story is said
to be untrue, or an author untrustworthy, the
statement is made on t he authority of an accredited
Catholic writer. Unquestionably it will be found
to be an exceedingly useful hook of referem
Church Tim- -.
"The authoress of this book undertook a work
■which demanded ability and discrimination. In
performing it she has displayed both The bio>
graphical sketches are well written, and the
dictionary will be valuable both as a work lor
pious use and a lx>ok of reference."
tholic Times.
"This work is a useful collection of interesting
lives of holy women who in all ages of the
Christian era have illustrated Cod's Church
Much historical information concerning the Middle
AgeB will l>e found in the lives of saints of that
period." — Tab/it.
London: GEORGE HELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N°4084, Feb. 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
149
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS.
DRAWINGS BY OLD MASTERS IN THE
UNIVERSITY GALLERIES and in the Library of Christ Church,
Oxford. Collotype Facsimiles, in the exact Size and all the Colours of
the Originals, selected and described by Mr. SIDNEY COLVIN. The
first Three Parts, each containing 20 Drawings, have been issued ;
Part IV. now ready. Not more than 260 Sets will be printed. The
Subscription Price is 31. 3s. a Part net. The price will be raised when
the Subscription List has been closed.
PART IV. contains Drawings by Leonardo da Vinci (or after Da
Vinci), Giampetrino, Sodoma, Filippino Lippi (2), Michelangelo (2),
Raphael or Timoteo Viti, Raphael (2), Correggio, Titian, Hieronymus
Bosch, Rembrandt (3), Spagnoletto, Poussin, and Watteau (2).
SHAKESPEARE'S POEMS AND PERICLES.
A Collotype Facsimile, with Introductions by Mr. SIDNEY LEE. In
5 vols, from 31. 10s. net. In a Single Volume from 3/. 3s. net.
THE LETTERS OF HORACE WALPOLE.
Edited by Mrs. PAGET TOYNBEE. Complete in 16 vols, from
41. 16s. net.
THE PLAYS AND POEMS OF ROBERT
GREENE. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by J. CHURTON
COLLINS, Litt.D. 2 vols, with 7 Facsimile Title-Pages, 8vo, cloth,
18s. net.
THE POETICAL WORKS OF WILLIAM
BLAKE. A New and Verbatim Text from the Manuscript, Engraved,
and Letterpress Originals. With Variorum Readings and Biblio-
graphical Notes and Prefaces by JOHN SAMPSON. 8vo, cloth,
10s. Qd. net.
LIVES OF THE ENGLISH POETS. By
SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D. Edited by GEORGE BIRKBECK
HILL, D.C.L. With brief Memoir of Dr. Birkbeck Hill by his
Nephew HAROLD SPENCER SCOTT, M.A. 3 vols. 8vo, leather
back, 21. 2s. net ; in cloth, 11. 16s. net.
Other Johnson Volumes, Edited by Dr. BIRKBECK HILL, uniform in
size and binding with the ' Lives ' : —
BOSWELL'S LIFE OF JOHNSON. 6 vols, cloth,
21. 2s. net ; leather back, 21. 10s. net.
JOHNSON'S LETTERS. 2 vols, cloth, £1 Is. net;
leather back, 11. 4s. net.
JOHNSONIAN MISCELLANIES. 2 vols, cloth,
11. Is. net ; leather back, 11. 4s. net.
SCENES FROM OLD PLAYB00KS, arranged
as an Introduction to Shakespeare. By PERCY SIMPSON, M.A.
With a Reproduction of the Swan Theatre. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. Qd.
OXFORD CLASSICAL TEXTS. Vols. 41-43.
Crown 8vo, paper covers or limp cloth.
CICERONIS ORATIONES PRO R0SCI0, CLUENTIO,
MURENA, CAELIO, IN CATILINAM. Edited by A. C. CLARK.
2s. Qd. and 3s.
TIBULLI CARMINA. Edited by J. P. Postgate.
K (kl. and 2.x. Together with CATULLUS and PROPERTIUS,
on Oxford India Paper, 8s. Qd.
BUCOLICI GRAECI. (Theocritus, Bion, and Moschus.)
Edited by U. VON WILAMOWITZ-MOELLENDORFF. 2s. Qd.
and 3*. ; on Oxford India Paper, 4s.
XEN0PH0N. -HELLENICA. Text by E. C.
MARCHANT.
7«. Qd. net.
Notes by O. E. UNOERHILL. Crown 8vo, cloth,
THE OXFORD HISTORY OF MUSIC. In
6 vols. Completed by the publication of THE ROMANTIC PERIOD,
by Mr. EDWARD DANNREUTHER. 8vo, cloth, 15s. net per vol.
THREE CHRONICLES OF LONDON. Edited
from the Cotton MSS., with Introduction, Notes, and Index, and
Compared with the Printed Versions, by CHARLES LETHBRIDGE
KINGSFORD, M.A. 8vo, cloth, 10s. Qd. net.
The Three London Chronicles here edited are contained in — (1) Cotton.
MS. Julius B ii. ; (2) Cotton. MS. Cleopatra C iv. ; Cotton. MS. Vitellius
A xv j. They are roughly continuous, and between them cover the entire
period from 1189 to 1509.
THE BODLEIAN MANUSCRIPT OF
JEROME'S VERSION OF THE CHRONICLE OF EUSEBIUS.
Reproduced in Collotype. With an Introduction by JOHN KNIGHT
FOTHERINGHAM, M.A. 4to, buckram, 21. 10s. net.
SENGA HANDBOOK. A Short Introduction to
the Senga Dialect as spoken on the Lower Luangwa, North-Eastern
Rhodesia. By A. C. MADAN, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo, cloth,
2s. Qd. net.
CATALOGUE OF SANSCRIT MANUSCRIPTS
IN THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY. Begun by MORIZ WINTER-
NITZ, Ph.D. Continued and Completed by ARTHUR BERRIEDALE
KEITH, B.C.L., with a Preface by E. W. B. NICHOLSON, M.A.
4to, cloth, 1/. 5s. net.
ALSO PUBLISHED BY HE WRY FROWDE.
Uniform Volumes, extra fcap. 8vo, cloth, 2s. Qd. net each ;
in lambskin, 3s. Qd. net each.
WORDSWORTH'S GUIDE TO THE LAKES.
Fifth Edition (1835). With Introduction, Notes, Critical and Textual,
and Appendices by ERNEST DE SELINCOURT. With a Map and
8 Illustrations.
WORDSWORTH'S LITERARY CRITICISM.
Edited with an Introduction by NO WELL C. SMITH.
POEMS AND EXTRACTS CHOSEN BY
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, from the Works of the Countess of
Winchelsea and others, for an Album presented to Lad}7 Mary Lowther,
Christmas, 1819. With Preface by J. ROGERS REES, and Introduction
and Notes by Prof . H. LITTLEDALE. With 2 Facsimiles.
THE LYRICAL POEMS OF WILLIAM
BLAKE. Text by JOHN
WALTER RALEIGH.
SAMPSON. With an Introduction by
THE LAST POEMS OF RICHARD WATSON
DIXON, D.D. Selected and Edited by ROBERT BRIDGES. With a
Preface by M. E. COLERIDGE. Crown 8vo, with a Portrait,
cloth, 3s. Qd. net.
MICHEL DE L' HOSPITAL AND HIS POLICY.
By A. E. SHAW, Litt.D. 8vo, paper covers, 3s. net.
A HISTORY OF THE POST-REFORMATION
CATHOLIC MISSIONS IN OXFORDSHIRE. With an Account
of the Families connected with them. By Mrs. BRYAN STAPLETON.
8vo, cloth, 10s. Qd. net.
LETTERS AND EXERCISES OF THE
ELIZABETHAN SCHOOLMASTER, JOHN CONYBEARE, School-
master at Molton, Devon, 15S0, and at Swimbridge, 1504. With
Notes and a Fragment of Autobiography bv the Very Rev, WILLIAM
DANIEL CONYBEARE, D.D. F.R.S., Dean of Llandaff. The whole
Edited by FREDERICK CORNWALLIS CONYBEARE, M.A.
Crown Svo, cloth, with 7 Plates, 10s. (ii/. net.
COUNSELS AND IDEALS FROM THE
WRITINGS OF WILLIAM OSLER. Compiled bj O. N. B. CAMAC
Crown Svo, cloth, gilt top, Is. net, L's"'0'"' I»ij»rssiou.
London: HENRY FROWDE, Oxford University Press, Amen Corner, E.C.
150
tii i: a tii EN .i:r M
N°4<»i. Feb, 8, 1906
JU8T PUBLISHED,
I I
g} MBOUG LOOK ^NDITSAPPLIOAnONS,
With Solationi ■■) Recent Ezamin»tion Problei
i:> Mi'. II \ivi ni. i.. B.A.Lond.
Lo.Ni.M LN8, ci:u:.\ a < o. I' i. Tiiu-t.T Bow, L Ion.
EBBNEZER P ROUT'S WORK8.
11.. mi. I. tub lift s*.
ilAi;M"NY: its Theory and Pnctlo* Nineteenth [mpn
I mi<l largely Re-wrltUn.
UJALYTH u. EB1 to lit i: BXB&CUJB8 In the Buna, Net :>«
■I \TKHI'"I\T : Stu.t ind Fre.
i">l BL1 i "I N 1 I.Kl-'.lN [ AM' I UJON.
II K.
rOOAL LNALYSIB.
MU8ICAX imiim.
\i>pi.iKi> roRua
111K 0BCHE8TB t. BtoIi.
AUOKNKU. l.rD., r,. Hew BurUnfton Streel an. I '.-.'. Ni iteBtnet.
T
HE BOOKSELLERS' PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION.
Founded 1837.
Patron-HER MAJESTY QUEEN ALEXANDRA.
Infested Capital. 30,000!.
A UNIQUE INVESTMENT
Offered to London Bookseller! and their Assistant*.
A young man or woman of twenty five can invest the sum of Twenty
Quintal lor its equivalent by instalments), and obtain the right to
participate in the following advantage* :—
FIRST. Freedom from want in time of Adversity aa long as need
•xlfta,
BBOOND, Permanent Relief in Old Age.
TH 1 KI). Medical Advice by eminent Physicians and Surgeons.
FOURTH. A Cottage in the Country (Abbots *>r ley, Hertford-
shire! for aged Members, with garden produce, coal, and medical
attendance free, in addition to an annuity.
FIFTH A furnished house in the same Retreat at Abbots Lang!' y
for the OM of Member, and their families for holidays or duri.'ij
convalescence.
SIXTH. A contribution towards Funeral expenses when It <s needed.
SEVENTH. All these are available not for Members only, but also
for their wives or widows and young children.
EIGHTH. The payment of the subscription! confers an absolute
right to these benefits in all cases of need.
For further information apply to
LARNER, 28. Paternoster Row, E.O.
For further information apply to the Secretary Mb. GEORGE
rPUNBRIDGE WELLS.— APARTMENTS.
_L Comfortably Furnished Sitting-Room and One Bedroom.
Pleasant an.l central. No others taken.— R. H., 66, Grove Hill Road,
Tunbridge Wells.
For Acidity of the stomach.
Fur Heartburn and Headache.
For Gout and Indigestion.
D
INNEFORD'S
M
A G N E S I A.
For Sour F.nutations and Bilious Affections.
A Safe and most effective Aperient for
regular use.
3lit5itraittt Companies.
ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS, SICKNESS,
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, BURGLARY, AND
FIDELITY GUARANTEE RISKS
INSUKE1) AGAINST BY THE
•OAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
Capital (full y subscribed! fl.oun.ono. Claims paid £fi.noo,000.
«J. CORNIIILL, LONDON.
A. VIAN, Secretary.
r
VT A.TT ,0 N A L PROVIDENT
J i'1 institution;
Estab.) **" [1836.
# FOR MUTUAL LIFK ASSURANCE.
Accumulated Fund over
Paid in Claims more than
£6,000,000
tl'-'^OO.OOO
PROFITS.
These are divided every five years solely amongst the
Assured. At the 1902 Division a Casta Profit of £761,602 waa
ipportioned a mongst the tnemben, being considerably more
li in one-third of the amount paid in premiums during the
previous live years.
K.N DO WW KNT ASSURANCE.
Policial are issued, combining Life Assurance at minimum
cost with provision for old age, and are singularly advan-
tageous. L. F. 1IOV1L,
Actuary and Secretary.
48, Gracechurch Street, London, E.C.
Applications for Agencies invited.
Price 8a Dot.
Annual Subscription, including
postage, 10*. <'"/.
THE
LIBRARY
A Review (Quarterly).
Edited by
J. Y. W. MacALISTER
AND
A. W. POLLARD,
IN COLLABORATION WITH
KONRAD BURGER,
LEOPOLD DELISLE,
MELVIL DEWEY, and
RICHARD GARNETT, C.B.
Contents :
The ' Keligio Medici.'
By WILLIAM OSLER.
Illustrated.
A Printer's Bill in the
Seventeenth Century.
By H. R. PLOMER
The Municipal Libra-
rian's Aims in Book-
buying.
Printing Inks.
By CHAS. T. JACOBI.
Kecent Foreign Litera-
ture.
By ELIZABETH LEE.
Reviews.
Notes on Books and
Work.
London:
ALEX. MORING, Limited,
,'V2, George Street, Hanover Square, W.
-VOIV READY.
Trice 10s. 6c/. net.
THE
NINTH SERIES
GENERAL INDEX
OF
NOTES AND QUERIES.
With Introduction by
JOSEPH KNIGHT, F.S.A.
This Index is double the size of
previous ones, as it contains, in
addition to the usual Index of Sub-
jects, the Names and Pseudonyms
of "Writers, with a list of their
Contributions. The number of con-
stant Contributors exceeds eleven
hundred. The Publisher reserves
the right of increasing the price of
the volume at any time. The
number printed is limited, and the
type has been distributed.
Free by post, 10s. lie?.
JOHN C. FRANCIS, Notet and Querxct Office,
Bream's Buildings, K.C
N°4084, Feb. 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
151
TENTH EDITION, price Two Shillings.
CELESTIAL MOTIONS
A Handy Book of Astronomy.
Tenth Edition. With 3 Plates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.,
Associate of King's College, London ; Lay Reader in the Diocese of Sonthwark,
Author of ' Remarkable Comets,' ' Remarkable Eclipses,' ' Astronomy for the Young,' &c.
" Well known as one of our best introductions to astronomy." — Guardian.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
SEVENTH EDITION, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
REMARKABLE ECLIPSES:
A Sketch of the most interesting Circumstances connected with the
Observation of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, both in Ancient and Modern Times.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
TWELFTH EDITION, JUST OUT, price Sixpence, cloth.
REMARKABLE COMETS:
A Brief Survey of the most interesting Facts in the History of Cometary
Astronomy.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
THIRD EDITION EXHAUSTED.
FOURTH EDITION, Revised to 1905, NOW READY, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
ASTRONOMY FOR THE YOUNG.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
FIRST EDITION EXHAUSTED.
SECOND EDITION NOW READY, price One Shilling.
BIBLE CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Recorded in the Holy Scriptures, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates, with a Description of the Places named,
and a Supplement on English Versions.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
SECOND EDITION, fcap. 8vo, price Fourpence.
NEW TESTAMENT CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Recorded in the New Testament, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAOSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
NEXT WEEK'S ATHENiEUM will contain
Reviews of Mr. ARTHUR SYMONS'S
SPIRITUAL ADVENTURES and Mr.
HERBERT PAUL'S LIFE OF FROUDE.
Published by JOHN C. FRANCIS, Bream'a Buildings, Chanoery Laiu>, E.C.
MR. HEINEMANN'S
ANNOUNCEMENTS.
— — ♦ —
Otto Weininger:
*SEX AND CHARACTER. Authorised
Translation. Demy 8vo, cloth, 17s. net.
Leo Tolstoy:
THE END OF THE AGE :
THE CRISIS IN RUSSIA:
Two Essays. Translated by V".
Tchertkoff and I. F. Mayo, with a.
Note by the latter. Paper boards, 2s.
G. E. Woodberry:
A. C. SWINBURNE. The latest
addition to the CONTEMPORARY
MEN OF LETTERS Series. Other
volumes are : — ■
BRET HARTE. By H. W. Boynton..
W. B. YEATS. By Horatio Krans.
W. PATER. By Ferris Greenslet.
Each vol. small crown 8vo, Portrait,
Is. Qd. net.
A. B. De Guerville :
*NEW EGYPT. Demy 8vo, many
Illustrations, 16s. net. "Anyone going
to Egypt for pleasure ought to have
with him a copy. The statements pre-
sented with such lucidity are the result
of careful study. ' — Morning Post.
Percy F. Martin:
*THROUGH FIVE REPUBLICS
OF SOUTH AMERICA (Argentina,
Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Venezuela).
Demy 8vo, 128 Illustrations and 3
Maps, 21s. net.
"All one wants to know about S.
America." — Financial Times.
C. Thornton and F. McLaughlin:
THE FOTHERGILLS
OF RAVENSTONEDALE :
Their Lives and their Letters. Demy
8vo, 8 Full- Page Illustrations, 10s. net.
" May be set side by side with Johngon
and Goldsmith." — Academy.
Deborah Primrose:
*BEAUTY OF FIGURE: How to
Acquire and Retain it by Easy and Prac-
tical Home Exercises. Small crown 8vo,
72 Illustrations from Life, 2s. Qd. net.
" As simple and sensible a book as any
we know." — Outlook.
* TWO NEW VOLUMES IN
HEINEMANN'S
FAVOURITE CLASSICS
RE A D Y IMMEDIA TEL Y .•—
Edgar A. Poe :
LYRICAL POEMS.
Robert Browning :
PIPPA PASSES.
Introduction to each by Arthur
Symons. Over Fifty Volumes in this
Series have now been published, each
with Photogravure Frontispiece and
Introduction. <> in. by 4 in. each vol.
SIXPENCE NET CLOTH.
ONE sill F.T.I NG NET LEATHER.
"A remarkable achievement in pub-
lishing enterprise." — Truth.
• 117,7/7: FOR PROSPECTUS
W'M. HEINEMANN, 21, BEDFORD STREET,
LONDON, W.c.
l.vj
T II E A T II EN .El' M
N K)84, I i > . 8, L906
S M I T II, ELI) E R & C O.'S P U B Lip A T IONS.
FORTHCOMING WORKS.
WESLEY AND HIS CENTURY: a Study in
Mi i. \\ ii i i n 111 i i B \ i.i. D, Wi'i, i Phot ■ i rontir
pit* e from the Portrait ol John Weale) b) Etomney, and foui Facsimiles < I
,\. . Small demy 8vo, 8*. ml [Slu,rihi.
THE VICTORIAN CHANCELLORS. Vol. I.
I B \ii \\ Barristei it l-i«, author of ' Ix>rd Cochrane's Trial before Lord
I llenborough,' 'Sir Henry Wentworth acland, Bart.) K.C.B. I.lt.s. ; a Memoir,' Ac
Willi 0 Portrait Qlustrationa Demy 8vo, 14s. net [JntAspw
*.• 'J in- work "ill be completed In a Second Volume,
THE BALKAN TRAIL. By Frederick Moore.
\\ itli b Map and i- pages oi illustrations. Small demj Bvo, 10*. <»'. net,
[In prepare
ROBERT BROWNING AND ALFRED
DOMl il. Edited by FREDERIC O. KENYON, P.l.itt. l'.B.A. With B Photo-
gravure Portraits. Crown Bvo, 6*. net. [Shortly.
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING IN
■KB i.i I ri its. Bj PERCY LUBBOCK. With a Photogravure Portrait oi Mrs-
Browning from a Painting b] Mra. Bridell Fox. Crown Svo, 7«. Oct. net. [la March.
SEVENTY YEARS' FISHING. By Charles
GEORG B BARR1 NGTON, C.R, formerly Assistant Secretary to the Treasury. With
;i Photogravure Frontispiece, small demy bvo, 10s. ad. net. [In the press.
THE SMALL GARDEN BEAUTIFUL, AND
HOW TO MAKE IT so. By A. C. CURTIS, Author of 'A New Trafalgar,' Ac.
With a Coloured ETOntiapiece, 10 Half-Tone Illustrations, and several Plans. Small
demy bvo, 7c. Ixl. [In the press.
AT THE GATE OF DEATH. Crown 8vo,
6*. net. [In March.
A WOMAN OF WIT AND WISDOM: Mrs.
ELIZABETH CARTER, 1717-1806. By ALICE ('. C. GAUSSEN, Author of 'A
Later Pepys.' With a Photogravure Frontispiece, Facsimile, and many Half-Tone
Illustrations. Large post bvo, 7s. lid. net. [Shortly.
SIX-SHILLING NOVELS IN THE PRESS.
CLEMENCY SHAFTO. By Frances C.Burmester,
Author of 'John Loti I I
THE POISON OF TONGUES. By M. E. Carr,
Anthor of 'LoveaadHoBonr' and 'G
MR. BAXTER, SPORTSMAN. By Charles
I II I. HIM. MAK-II, Author of 'God
OLD MR. LOVELACE By Christian Tearle.
rle.
IF YOUTH BUT KNEW. By Agnes and
BGERTON C \>l LB, Authors of 'The Secret Orchard,' "1
the World,' 'French San,' Ac. with to Illustrations by .Mr. LAN' i .l."i SPE1
BROWNJOHN'S. By Mrs. Percy Dearmer,
Author of 'The Orangery,' ' A Comedy of fears,' 'The Difficult Way,' 4c.
DICK : a Story without a Plot. By G. F. Bradby,
Author of ' The Marquis-, Kye,' Ac ( rown Svo, 3*. 6d. I
THE WATERLOO LIBRARY.
CRowx bvo, 3s. 6d. BACK VOLUME.
PALL MALL QAZBTTS.—'"X\a beat S* 84. tenes in the market."
This Series comprises some of the best of Modern Authors. The volumes
are well printed, and issued in a neat cloth binding of special design.
NEW VOLUMES IB PREPARATION.
THE LOG OF A SEA-WAIF. By Frank T.
BULLEX, F.R.G.S. With 8 Full-Page Illustrations by ARTHUR TW1DLL.
THE BRASS BOTTLE. By F. Anstey.
THE GAMEKEEPER AT HOME. By Richard
JEFFERIKS. With numerous Illustrations.
NEW AND RECENT WORKS.
THE FOURTH PARTY. By Harold E. Gorst.
With a Preface by Sir JOHN GORST. With Frontispiece and Facsimile Letter.
I.arge post bvo, 7x. lid. net.
DAILY TELEGRAPH.— "All excellent foot-note to the big political history of the
fight ies. . . .Mr. Harold Oorst gives very crisp character sketches of the four who composed the
Fourth Party."
MEMOIR OF SIR HENRY KEPPEL, G.C.B.,
Admiral of the Fleet. By the Right Hon. Sir ALGERNON WEST, G.C.B. With
Portraits and EUlustrations. Large post bvo, 7.«. (id. net.
SECOND IMPRESSION IN THE PRESS.
WESTMINSTER GAZETTE.— "In. ell respects, the bright, breezy, irresistible book
it should be."
THE SOURCE OF THE BLUE NILE. A
Record of a Journey through the Soudan to Lake Tsana, in Western Abyssinia, and
of the Return to Egypt by the Valley of the Atbara. By ARTHUR J. HAYES, L.S.A.
With 'i Maps and 82 pages of Illustrations, IDs. lid. net.
TIMES. — " We have seldom read a travel book we liked better."
LEAVES FROM THE DIARY OF HENRY
OKKVILLK. Fourth Series. By ALICE, COUNTESS OF STRAFFORD. With an
Index to the Four Series. 8vo, 14s.
MORNING POST. —"It contains much that is welcome for its bearing on men and
matters of forty years ago-."
Note.— The three previous .Series are in print, and can be supplied price 14s. each.
FIFTY YEARS OF FAILURE : Confessions of
an Optimist, w ith a frontispiece, small demy svo, 10a Od. net.
WESTMINSTER GAZETTE. — "A very pleasant book, modest, good-tempered,
touched with a humour that is never acrid, and not without occasional glimpses of persons
and events which the world will remember."
THE UPTON LETTERS. By T. B. Large
post svo, 7a M. net. FIFTH THOUSAND.
DAILY NEWS. "If any one supposes that the art of letter-writing is dead, this
volume will prove the contrary."
THE SPARROW WITH ONE WHITE
l I \ I III.K. B] LADY RIDLEY. With 10 Illustrations bv Mrs. ADRIAN HOPE.
i'ott 4to, lis. net.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
PUNCH. — "Since Alice wandered through Wonderland, no such pretty fairy tale has
been written as Lad) Ridley presents in 'The Sparrow with One White Feather.' "
POPULAR SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
THE PRINCESS PRISCILLA'S FORTNIGHT.
By the AUTHOR of ' ELIZABETH AND HER GERMAN GARDEN.'
FOURTH IMPRESSION.
WESTMIXSTER GAZETTE.— "Humour and tears lie very close to us and to one
another in this most delightful book."
FRENCH NAN. By AGNES and EGERTON
CASTLE. With 12 Full-Page Illustrations bv F. H. TOW rNSEND, nd ( over Design
by GRAHAM AWDRY.
THIRD IMPRESSION.
TRUTII.— "A fascinating story."
THE MAN FROM AMERICA. A Sentimental
Comedy. By Mrs. HENRY DE LA PASTURE.
SEVENTH THOUSAND.
DAILY XEII'S.— "Mrs. de la Pasture has undoubtedly the power of enlisting sympathy
and silencing doubts by the freshness and charm of her work."
THE DIFFICULT WAY. By Mrs. Percy
DEARMER.
THIRD IMPRESSION IN THE PRESS.
BOOKMA A'.— "This is the strongest work Mrs. Dearmer has yet done, and her kpow-
ledge of her subject is everywhere apparent."
THE KING'S REVOKE. An Episode in the
Life of Patrick Dillon. By Mrs. MARGARET L. WOODS.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
SPECTATOR.— "The book is a delight to read for the charm of Its characterization,
for its fine historic sense of the glory and weakness "f Spain, and for a genuine distinction
of style unsurpassed by contemporary writers of this class of fiction."
DICK PENTREATH. By Katharine Tynan.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
'/'/.V77/.— "The story is told with Miss Tynan's usual graceful facility, lightness, and
brightness."
THE FIRST MRS. MOLLIVAR. By Edith
AYRTON ZAMiWILL.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
DAILY NEWS.— "The portrayal of the grim occurrences, which, capable of natural
explanation, yet seem tragically supernatural, show Mrs. Zangwill to be a writer of
increasing force."
London: SMITH, ELDER & CO. 15, Waterloo Place, S.W.
Editorial OommnnlcatloM should 1»' addressed t» "Till'. BIOTOB"— Advertisement! tad Business betters to "THE Pl'Bl.lSHEUS"— al the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane. E.C.
Published Weekly by JOHN 0. FBAHGPDSand J. EDWARD FUAM'IS at Bream's Buildiiu-s. Chancery Una, K.C.. sud Mated bf .1. EHWAK1I F11ANCIS, Athenaeum Press, Bream's Building*, Chancery Lane. B.C.
Agents for Scotland, Messrs. BELL & BUADFUTE and Mr. JOHN MEN/.IES, Edinburgh.— Saturday, February 3, 1906.
THE ATHEN-^TJM
|0urttal 0! CSnfllislj artb $oxtiQn literature %>tuntt, tt}t $int %xl%, J$t
No. 4085.
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1906.
Vv if PRICE <aj -/
\JB3lEEPENCE. -*
REGIST^REDlAg^^- NEWSPAPER
Yearly Subscription, free by post/
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at'tfie New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
A SSISTANT LADY SECRETARY REQUIRED.
-£\- Should have had Experience or Training. University Educa-
tion essential. Salary 1007. Hours 9.30 to 6 p.m. daily. State full
particulars to Education, Box 1087, Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream's
Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
Wtdnxtz.
CHAUCER AND HIS TIMES.
Prof. MACPHERSON, M. A., late of India,
Lecturer in Philosophy, 1904, Passmore Edwards Settlement, W.C.,
Will deliver a COURSE of LECTURES, as above,
On THURSDAYS, February 15, 22, and March 1,
In PORTMAN ROOMS (near Baker Street Stationl, at :1 p.m.
Tickets for the Course, 6s. ; Single Lecture, 2s. 6Vi., to be had at the
<loor.
ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN,
ALBEMARLE STREET, PICCADILLY, W.
THURSDAY NEXT, February 15, at 5 o'clock, HENRY B.
IRVING, Esp., M.A., FIRST of TWO LECTURES on 'THE
ENGLISH STAGE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.' Half-a-
Guinea the Course.
SATURDAY, February 17, at 3 o'clock, M. H. SPIELMANN, Esq.,
F.S.A., FIRST of TWO LECTURES on GEORGE FREDERICK
WATTS AS A PORTRAIT PAINTER.' Haifa-Guinea.
Subscription for all the Courses in the Season, Two Guineas.
R
OYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
(Incorporated by Royal Charter.)
The ANNIVERSARY MEETING of the SOCIETY will be held on
THURSDAY, February 15, at 5 p.m., in CLIFFORDS INN HALL,
Fleet Street, when the PRESIDENT will deliver an ADDRESS.
H. E. MALDEN, Hon. Sec.
SOCIETY OF LONDON.
ri EOLOGICAL
The ANNIVERSARY MEETING of this SOCIETY' will be held
at the SOCIETY'S APARTMENTS, BURLINGTON HOUSE, on
FRIDAY, February 16, at :l o'clock.
The Fellows and their Friends will DINE together at the
CRITERION RESTAURANT, Piccadilly Circus, at 7.30 p.m. Tickets
to be obtained at the Society's Apartments.
(JfeljiMtiotts.
THE GRAFTON GALLERY, Grafton Street,
Bond Street, W.-ARTS and CRAFTS EXHIBITION SOCIETY
4WALTER CRANE. President). EIGHTH EXHIBITION NOW
OPEN, 10 to 6. Admission, Is.
THE BAILLIE GALLERY, 54, Baker Street, W.
^-EXHIBITION of PAINTINGS by the LIVERPOOL SCHOOL
oOPAINTERS (1810-1867) and WATER COLOURS by OLIVER
HALL. NOW OPEN, 10-6. Admission (including Catalogue), Is.
R
O B S O N & C
23, COVENTRY STREET, PICCADILLY, W.
Exhibition of Original Drawings and Engravings of
LONDON TOPOGRAPHY.
Catalogue One Shilling.
O.,
NATIONAL ART COLLECTIONS FUND.
Chairman— LORD BALCARRES, M.P., F.S.A.
Object : The Acquisition of Works of Art for the National Collections.
Minimum Annual Subscription, One Guinea.
2,~!00l. still required to complete the purchase of the Rokeby
Velasquez.
Address THE HON. SECRETARIES, National Art-Collections
Fund, 47, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
T
(Bimcatiortal.
HE LAW SOCIETY.
TThe COUNCIL is prepared to AWARD, in JULY NEXT, TEN
SCHOLARSHIPS of the annual value of FIFTY POUNDS each,
tenable for Three Y'ears. on condition of pursuing a course of study
approved by the Council. — Copies of the regulations at the Society's
Office. 109, Chancery Lane, W.C., or by letter to the Principal and
Director of Legal Studies. E. W. WILLIAMSON, Secretary.
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are Invited to call upon or send fully detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GABBITAS, TIIRING * CO.,
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. THRING, Nephew of the
Ute Head Master of Uppingham, 36, Sackvillc Street, London, W.
Situations Vacant.
(rjOUNTY BOROUGH OF BRIGHTON.
I I.ERK TO THE EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
The COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY BOROUGH OF I1RIGHTON
Invite applications for the appointment of CLERK Ti> THE EDUCA-
TION COMMITTEE, and In the selection of the Candidate pref ereni •
will be given other qualifications being equal— to a University Man
wlm has bad experience In Educational Work.
Thelperson appointed will be required to act as Deputy Clerk from
the date of bis appointment until September 30, 1906, the date at
which the present Clerk will retire,
During this period bis Salary will be at the rate of JO07. per annum.
From September 80, 1906, he will become Clerk to the Committee, and
receive a Salary of 8001. per annum.
Candidates must not be more: I ban 45 years of age, and arc requested
to refrain froro canvassing Members of the (Council or the Committee.
A statement of the duties may be obtained on application to the
undersigned.
Applications arc to be addressed t<> the Town Clerk, Town Ball,
Brighton, endorsed "Education Committee," anil must be delivered
on or before FEBRUARY 2H, 1906.
HUGO TALBOT, Town Clerk.
Town Hall, Brighton, February 1, 1906.
TTNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM.
*J (FACULTY OF SCIENCE.)
SPECIAL LECTURESHIP IN GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY.
The COUNCIL invites applications for the post of SPECIAL LEC-
TURER IN GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY, vacant by the appoint-
ment of Prof. W. W. Watts, F.R.S., to the Chair of Geology in the
Royal College of Science, South Kensington. Stipend 250/. per annum.
Applications, accompanied by six copies of Testimonials, or such
other credentials as the Candidates may prefer to offer, should be sent
to the undersigned on or before FEBRUARY 15.
The successful Candidate will be required to enter on his duties as
soon as possible, but in any ease not later than APRIL 23.
Further particulars may be obtained from
GEO. H. MORLEY, Secretary.
T
HE
CHEMICAL
SOCIETY.
The COUNCIL of the CHEMICAL SOCIETY desire to appoint an
EDITOR of the SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS, at a Salary of 500/.
per annum. The new Editor will be precluded from holding any
other paid appointment.— Applications, stating Literary and Scientific
qualifications and experience, will be received until FEBRUARY 12
by the HON. SECRETARIES, Chemical Society, Burlington House,
W., from whom the conditions of the appointment may be obtained.
WELSH INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION ACT, 1889.
THE COUNTY SCHOOL, ABERDARE,
SOUTH WALES.
WANTED for the above SCHOOL, a SCIENCE MASTER, to teach
principally Chemistry and Botany to the Upper Forms. Commencing
Salary 145/. per annum.
Applications, stating age and experience, with copies of recent
Testimonials, to be sent as soon as possible to the undersigned, from
whom further particulars may be obtained.
W. CHARLTON COX, M.A., Head Master.
B
RISTOL EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
FAIRFIELD SECONDARY SCHOOL.
WANTED, to commence duties with the Summer Term, a FORM
MASTER, specially qualified to teach Mathematics. Salary 130/.,
rising by increments of 10/. to 170/. per annum. Half service under
other Managers in a Secondary School recognized by the Board of
Education is counted towards raising the commencing Salary. — Appli-
cation Forms, which may be obtained of the undersigned on receipt of
a stamped, addressed foolscap envelope, must be returned not later
than FEBRUARY 21, 1906.
WM. AVERY ADAMS, Secretary.
Education Offices. Guildhall, Bristol,
February 6, 1906.
B
RISTOL EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
ST. GEORGE SECONDARY DAY SCHOOL.
Wanted immediately, for the above School, an ASSISTANT
MASTER for General Form Subjects, with special qualifications in
Botany, Physiology, Hygiene, and Nature Study. A good discipli-
narian, with, training and experience in Teaching, and one interested
in School Games preferred. Salary 150. 1. rising by increments of 10/.
to 170?. per annum. Half service under other Managers in a Secondary
School recognized by the Board of Education is counted towards
raising the commencing Salary. Application forms, which may be
obtained of the undersigned by sending a stamped addressed foolscap
envelope, must be returned not later than FEBRUARY 28, 1906.
February 7, 1906.
flOUNTY BOROUGH OF BOLTON
\j EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
SCHOOL OF ART.
WANTED, an ASSISTANT MASTER, holding the Art Master's
Certificates of the Board of Education, and specially qualified in
Design for Textiles. He will be required to devote the whole of bis
time to the School, but opportunity will be given for private study.
Commencing Salary 160/. per annum, rising by annual increments of
10/. to 200/. — Applications, stating age, qualifications, and teaching
experience, together with copies of three recent Testimonials, to be
sent to the undersigned on or before FEUHUARY 24.
FRED. WILKINSON, Director of Education.
T 1BRARIAN TO THE SOCIETY OF WRITERS
-Li TO HIS MAJESTY S SIGNET.
The Office of LIBRARIAN to the SOCIETY of WRITER to HIS
MAJESTY'S SIGNET, recently held by the late Mr. John l'hilip
Edmond, being NOW VACANT, applications for the Office, accom-
panied by twenty-five copies of Testimonials, may be made, on or
before MARCH 20, 1906, to JAMES II. NOTMAN. Writer to the
Signet. IS, York Place, Edinburgh, Clerk to the Society, from whom
any further information may be obtained.
February 10, 1900.
OROUGH OF SOUTHEND-ON-SEA.
B
LIBRARIAN.
The CORPORATION of SOUTHEND-ON-SEA require the services
..fa LIBRARIAN at their PUBLIC LIBRARY, about to be opened
in the Borough.
Salary 160!. per annum.
candidates roust ha\c bad previous experience in the Management
of a Public Library, and will be required to advise in Fitting. Furnish-
ing, and Stocking the Library and in Compiling t be Catalogue of Books.
Applications, in ( 'an.lidate s own handwriting, together wit li ...pies
of not more than three recent Testimonials, to be forwarded to i i
or before FEBRUARY 24, 1906.
By Order,
WM. HEN. SNOW, Town Clark,
Town Clerk's Office, Southend-..!! Sea,
February 9. 1908.
BOROUGH OF BIRKENHEAD.
i torn-
/BOUNTY
PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
WANTED, an ASSISTANT in the CENTRAL LIBRARY,
mencing Salary <,.',/. per annum.
Applications, in Candidate's own handwriting, stating age. qualifi-
cations, and experience, and accompanied by copies of time recent
Testimonials, must be sent t.. the undersigned .0! or bet. .re FRI I'A V,
the 10th inst.
John SHEPHERD, Librarian,
Central Library, Birkenhead, February tl, 1906.
#bifuarn.
TROTTER,— On MONDAY, February o, at 10,
Randolph Crescent, Edinburgh, suddenly, COUTTS TROTTER,
Midlothian, born 1831.
T
Situations IHatrteo.
NEWSPAPER EDITORS.— SPECIAL
AGRICULTURAL ARTICLES.— One of the most successful
Agricultural Writers, Scientific and Practical, is prepared to UNDER-
TAKE ADDITIONAL WORK. No Syndicating. Articles specially
adapted to particular Divisions of the Country. Highest references to
present Employers. Terms moderate. — Apply G. V. S., Box 1080*,
Athemeum Press, 13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
LITERARY ASSISTANCE (Articles, Research,
Sub-Editing, Proofs, Type-writing, fee.) offered Writer. Editor,
or Publisher, by well-educated experienced JOURNALIST.— Write
F. T. S., :!.>, St. Anne's Hill, Wandsworth, S.W.
PRIVATE SECRETARY to the late George
Jacob Holyoake for five and a half years seeks RE-ENGAGE-
MENT in similar capacity.— Address AMY BAUM, 17, Marlborough
Place, Brighton.
AN active YOUNG MAN (23) requires
SITUATION as PUBLISHER'S or BOOKSELLER'S ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply good references.— T.. Box 1070, Athenaeum Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
ADVERTISER, experienced in Literary and
Research work, DESIRES EMPLOYMENT for this purpose,
or as Reader or Amanuensis, for whole or part of the day.— Address
A. F., 35. Upper Addison Gardens, Kensington.
SEARCHES at British Museum and other
O Libraries in English, French, Flemish, Dutch, German, and
Latin. Seventeen years' experience.— J. A. RANDOLPH, 128,
Alexandra Road, Wimbled. in, S.W.
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials.— A. B., Box 1062, Atnenueum Press, 13, Bream's Build-
ings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
TRANSLATION, Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing, Encyclopaedic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Non-Resident Secretaryship. Classics, French. German, Italian,
Spanish. Anglo-Saxon. Special subjects: Mythology and Literature.
Varied experience. Moderate terms.— Miss SELBY, US, Talbot Road, W.
f&riyc-WLvitttx.
TYPE-WRITING, 9d. per 1,000 words. —PLAYS,
NOVELS. ESSAYS. &c, with promptitude and accuracy. Carbon
(..pics a speciality. Highest references.— M. KINO, 7, Corona Villas,
Pinner Road, Harrow.
TYPE-WRITING undertaken by highly educated
Women (Classical Tripos; Cambridge Higher Local; Modern
Languages). Research. Revision, Translation, Dictation Room. —
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPEWRITING AGENCY, 10. Duke Street,
Adelphi, W.C. ____
A UTHORS' MSS., 9d. per 1,000 words.
J\^ SERMONS, PLAYS. ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPED at home (Remington). Good paper. Orders promptly exe-
cuted — M. It L, 7, Vernon Road; now known as 18, Edgeley Road,
Clapham, S.W ____
A UTHORS'MSS., NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
J\- ESSAYS TYPE-WRITTEN with complete accuracy, »l. per
1,00(1 words. References to well-known Writers.— M. STUART, Thirl-
l.ank. Roxl.orough Road. Harrow.
IttisrrUanrtms.
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK ,,.,.l INDEXING, apply Miss PETHERBRLDGE (Nat.
Sei. Tripos', 52*. Conduit Street. Bond Street, London, W. ^
T_ O ARTISTS. WANTED TO PURCHASK,
COPYRIGHT ..f HUMOROUS DRAWINGS or CARTOONS In
i i\r apply in the first instance by letter, to 0 D . Box tost.
Athemeum Press, 13, Bream's Building-.. Chancery Line, i: c
T
Authors' Agtnts.
HE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established ls7!>.
The interests "t authors oapably represented, Agreements for
Publishing arranged, M88. pla. ed with Publishers. Terms and Test!
i ids en application to Mr. A. M. BURQHE8, 34, Paid mister Row
154
THK ATHENiEUM
N 1085, Feb. 10, 1906
(Cntnloguf5.
AM ll VI and MODERN < OIKP Oolleotoi
< 1 1 1 .1 V I . ■ H I
I M Ml-M Mil " llll I
I . , Knitii.ii »!«•« »«yi '•"
-I'INh \ HON I., «,..!■ K»I«TU talurn
kii.I i i ' \- i H-h..l
I I ii ri' m II. :;:, Belvoii Street, Leiot '• r.
II. : i s ,.. M-- ,i ,1 i: MM IIOOK
i ..il i . ...ni .in- \l~- Rail; Printed
„,„! i i i I,- Ineludlui PollphUus Hji-'11 ",|"
CATAI.i ii .1 I ' \ ii I Liber Studiorum,
I Hi notinta
,i.l. Etchings i.\ WhUtU'i H Palinei v Drawings bj
Turner, Burne-Jouea, Huakln &< lllusl \\.,ik- by
Post f, . - w M W UU>, I i l "i. h 'I.
Richmond, Surrey
DOOKS. All OUT OF PRINT and RARE
I > I K^ ..ii anj lulije. t SUPPLIED The I I expert Bookfinder
rxUnl Please state wants and ask for) VT \ l.i >Gl'E. I make a special
[if exchanging; anj H .■ 1«- ible Books for others selected from ray
\ ariotis List* Sja I List of 2,000 Rooks I |airticularlj want pout free.
I h\\ BAKER'SGreat Bookshop, n 16, John Bright Street, Bi
I. ,,,, Dare Gallery, (Teal bargain, new, !•-'■ . foi 7- Bd
THK INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
v. ni. containing ■ Special Article, entitled 'MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY ami MATTER, hi Prof. ALFRED W.
PORTER S|»-,-i n Copies gratis WILLIAMS .V. NORGATE
is. ^.k Importers, 14, Henrietta Street, count Garden, W.C.
IKVIM, MflUi B
T L L U s T R A T E I) C A T A LOG U E
J. OF
BOOKS AND RELICS
FROM
MR HENRY IRYIXOS COLLECTIONS.
Priti- One WifiUng |„,st free.
H. SOTHKRAX & CO.
■■-. PICCADILLY, W.. and 140, STRAND.
L EIG H TO N'S
TLLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of EARLY
Jl PRINTED and other INTERESTING BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS,
and BINDINGS,
OFFERED FOR SALE BY
.7. A J. LEIGHTON, w, Brewer Street, Golden Square, w.
Tliirk "\n, l.7:>' pp., 6,300 items, with upwards of 1,860 Reproductions
in Facsimile.
Bound in art doth, gilt tope, £Ss. : half-morocco, girt tops, 308.
JUST PUBLISHED.
PATALOGUE (No. CIV.) of SECOND-HAND
VV FRENCH BOOKS, comprising History and Literature—
Memoirs- Biography and Correspondence -Art- Folk-Lore— Travel—
Fiction, 4c.
MONTHLY LIST (FEBRUARY) of SECOND-
11 Wli BOOKS, chiefly English, including Works on Art and
Architecture— Antiquarian Literatim — Bibliography, ftc. ; also of
NEWLY PUBLISHED BOOKS, English and Foreign.
n ii. ISLACKW ELL. B0 and 51, Broad Street, Oxford.
BERTRAM 1) O B E L L,
SECOND-HAND BOOKSELLER, and PUBLISHER,
tt. Charing Cross Road, London, W.C.
A large Btock of old and Rare Books in English Literature,
including Poetryand the Drama- Shakespeariana First Editionsof
Famous Authors Manuscripts Dlnstrated Books, be. CATALOGUES
fp-t- on application.
O
RIGINAL MUSIC MANUSCRIPTS
BACH, BEETHOVEN, GLUCK, HANDEL,
BAYDN, MOZART. WAGNER,
Find read; buyers in
LUDW1G ROSENTHAL'S A\Tl(>r.\KI.\i.
Hfldegardstrasse, 16, .Munich, Bavaria,
A
M
!■:
i:
i
c
X
A.
COLUMBUS, Epistola, all Editions.
VESPUOCT, MunduH No\iis, all Editions.
ALL EARLY BOORS ON AMERICA, AND EARLY
.MAl's and GLOBES,
Bought by
LTJDWIG ROSENTHAL'S ANTIQUARIAT,
Hildegardstrasse, 10, Munich, Bavaria.
\ RUNDEL CHROMOS. Large stdok. Many
J\ rare ones Send stamp for THIS MONTH'S LIST Iwhich gives
size and shape of each), ST JUDE'S DEPOT, Birmingham.
Book PLATES [EX LTBRIS) FOR SALE.
Now READY, an ILLUSTRATED I 1 TALOGUE of old and
valuable BRITISH and \Ml'i:u w BOOK-PLATES l'-i free
Sixpence Please apply, Li lettei only, t.. i MASSEY, ISO, Uppci
Tulse Mill. London, $ w
VTEWSPAPERS FOR SALE. TIMES, ls.VL
1> 1904 100 void.; ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS IWKMS04,
103 vols.; SATURDAY REVIEW, KW5-180B, SS vols.; BELL'S llll
in;i 1880, 27 role Ml s.-t- well nud Mthstiintialli I ud Offers :.n-
Invited for any oi all ol the above hj Till: STEWARD, I'nirerslti
Pitt Club, Cambridge.
rfalfS bit Auction.
i hi: v/.th.i \ COLLBC1 W
II,. ,,,!,, „u. i. .i,,,,,,, inn 1 1 / BUM A V
/ v /
MRS KOTHEBY, WILKINSON I HODGE
.ill -I I I Mi TION bj onli i •■( ii,. i
V. i Wellington sii..t Strand Mi on II l-li\l
¥ > i Hi.l 'll.i • • Following I'.,-.-. ..t i o'clock
laluahke LIBRARY ol thi 1,1, KDV in TRI MAN
■a rlsrwad. ■ bad.
Valuable I
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON A HODGE
will SELL bj AUCTION, ,t Ibeii Houai N- i WelUngtun
I w ' on SATURDAY. Fi l.ruari 17, .-,i i o'clock inn
ciaely, \ VI. I Mll.i: KNURAVINOH C I and in the Portfolio,
, I>rlsing Port Keynolds.H I'osway, WrT Lawrence
I. Itomney, and others, Including a brilliant lini I '.-.I In
Colours ••! Mrs Fitsherberl bi J Condi Proofs l«fon
Mastei Lambton and Lady Peel, bj Samuel Cousins the hurl
l)ei hire and Child, by U Kentiug, *■ Fancy >ul.|,,i» ,.l il,.
Kngllsh School, by F. Bartoloszl. It. Karlom. K Strange « \\.,i -I
and others, Including A 81 ■' in ! ind Am Oil.-- Baaaty,
' II Benwell ■ pair, flnolj printed In Colours, *• Etchings
by Rembrandt .1 H w hist]
M.,,. be 1 ii-««.«l tw,< days prior. Catalogosjj may be had.
Autograph Letters and Signed Document* relating to
tfapoleon Buonaparte and hit Family, the Property at the
late Mr. FREDERIC BARKER.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKIN80N* HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, a) their House, No IS, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C, on MONDAY, February 10, ,it 1 o'clock precisely,
AUTOGRAPH LETTERS and SIGNED DOCUMENTS, niostlj
relating t,. Napoleon Buonaparte and lii~ Family, French Generals,
&■-.. tin- Property of the late Mr. FREDERIC BARKER.
May Im- rieWed t\v,,,l:iv- lui.u. I .it:ilngui'N may 1^' hail.
A Portion of the Library of ERNEST A. WALKER, Etq.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON it EODGE
«ill SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. 18, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C.. ,>n WEDNESDAY, February 21, at 1 o'alock
precisely.a PORTION of the LIBRARY of ERNEST A. WALKER,
Esq., Richmond, S.W., c prising Apperieya Memoirs ,.1 the I
John Mytton Bewick's British Birds and Quadrupeds— A'Beckett's
Comic History of England and Rome Buskin's Stones ,,f Vei
Couch's British Fishes Boccace, Decameron, 5 vols., 1767-61, and other
French Works. 4c, ; other Properties, Including Holiere, l^-- (Euvres,
First Elzevir Edition, "1 mis., ]*;::• BoydcU's Shakespeare Gallery,
■j \,,ls. in 1. 130.1 Blair's Grave, with Blake's Illustrations, 1808
Dibdin's Bibliographical Works the Writings of Thackeray, Dickens,
Mayhew, Stevenson, Norman Gale, Ainsworth, in-. Scientific Works,
Topography, Witchcraft and Alchemy, Jest Hooks, Botanical \v,,rk-
Poetry, &<■ Aiken, A Touch at the Fine Arts, McLean, 1824— The
Century Dictionary, a rols., 1800 Punch, i«-ii to 1801 — Modern
Publications.
May be viewed two .lays prior. 1 'ataloguee ma] be had.
The valuable Library of the late JAMES A. SLATER, Esq.,
38, Meeklenburgh Square, W.C.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON* HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C, on Fit I KAY. February 23, at 1 o'clock precisely
the valuable LIBRARY of the late JAMES A. SLATER. Esq of
38, Meeklenburgh Square, W.C. Isold bj order of the Executors), com-
prising Spedding's paeon, 14 vols. Beanmont and Fletcher's Works.
variorum Edition, 12 >"ls. -Butlers Hudlhras, by Grey, and Thyer's
Remains, -I vols., large and thick paper — Skeat's Chaucer, 7 vols
Dibdin's Bibliographical Decameron- Early English Dramatists,
edited by A. 11. Bullen, 16 rob. the Historical Writings of Grote,
Hallam, Macanlay, tc. Masson's Life and Works ,,f Milton-Works
on Art Shelley's Qt n Mab, First Edition, original boards, uncut, a
remarkably nin- copy the Best Editions of Fielding, Ford, Dr.
Johnson, Otway, Pope, Samuel Richardson, Edmund Spenser, Swifl
fte. the T11, lor Translations, edited by W. E. Henley. 38 vols.— Wal-
pole's Royal and Noble Authors, by Park, S \oK Anecdotes of
Painting, Majors Edition Eelmscott Press Publications [including
the Chaucerl Ruskin'e Modern Painters, ■", vols. Turner's Liber
Studiorum, 61 plates, early impression.
May be 1 iewed two ,lavs prior. Catalogues may he had.
Autograph Letters.
MESSRS! SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. 13, Wellington
Street, St rami, W'.l '.. on M ONI > A V. l'Yhruarv '_ii. at 1 o'clock nreeis. h
VUTOGRAPH LETTERS AND HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS in-
cluding Spe, imens of A. Pope, sir W alter Scott, Thackeray, 1 bleridge,
T. larlyle. Lord Byron, Tennyson, fcc. Signatures of Sovereigns and
other Royal Personages Albums of Letters, Franks \, anextensive
Collection of Medical and Surgical Autographs- fine Letters from
Lord Nelson to Lady Hamilton an important Series of Political
Letters from the Karl ol Beaconsfield - Documents relating to the
Poet Keats Letter and Stanzas of Robert Burns.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may he had.
The valuable Collection of English Crotra I'ii-cex, the Property
off. W. BARRON, /•:.«/.
ESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HOD(JE
M1
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. IS, Wellington
Street, Strand. W.C. on TUESDAY . February 27, at 1 o'clock precisely
the valuable Collection of ENGLISH 1 ROWN PIECES and other
ALLIED COINS, the Property of T. W. BARRON, Esq., ol YewTree
Hall, Forest Row, Sussex, Member of the British Numismatic Society,
including many of the Choicest Specimens from the Murdoch, Moon
Bibbs, 1, l> Brown, and other celebrated Collections
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
MESSRS. CHRISTIE, M.wsox & WOQDS
respecttulb give notice that they will hold the Following
s M.l-:s hi AUCTION, a 1 th.ii 1. real Rooms, King street. St. James's
Square, tne Sales 1 ..,1, men. ins' at 1 o'clock precisely :
On MONDAY, I'Vlu.i.'iiA 12, the COLLECTION
of PICTURES ol the late FREDERICK BOWER, Btq
On TUESDAY, February 13, theCOLLECTION
of i:\i.i: \\ ini, s ,,i the late FREDERICK BOWSE, Btq
On WEDNESDAY. February 14. important.
JEWELS of a LADY of TITLE, the MARQUESS of ANGLES! 1
deceased, and others.
On THURSDAY, February L6, ami FRIDAY',
Fehruarj 16, theCOLLECTION of OBJECTS of ART of the late
ill YRLES I'.nw \ Ki: i
On SATURDAY, February 17. PICTURES by
"I1' MASTERS of the lute CHARLES BOWYER, Esq., the late
r TOM NSEND, IS, . ul .1'
M
h^SKRS HODGSON * < 0. «ill BELL
\* KliNI
\ A I.I M
Lai !■- .. „
A
1 .■ 1 .• ■ • .1, siqdirat
Run and Valuable /.'"..A- I Rinding*.
MESSRS HODGSON I I 0. wiU BELL .
M i T |un ,i 1 1,,-ir 11... i, : /
M Md II , i ul. 1. 1. 1 TluN ol Ii Ml ,„i \ \|.l M-.l.i; I I
ITlsll,-
nlrt-r of rare I
Including j tin.- Twelfth ivntun I i
stimi-.l Moi Bindings lnl«-i ' ■ »v.
< atalogUM are pr. i«ring
V Are.
PRIDA V NEXT, "i I'"'.'
MIL .1. C. STEVENS will OFFER, at his
Rooms » Kini \* < UJ
SCOPES OBJECTIVES and all
kn.wn Mak.r- Optical l-ant.-ni- with sh I rate order—
Cameras and Lenses, with Plates and l'ai«-r» for same; also a
quantity of MisoeUaneotis Prapssray.
On lieu day pre I nioniing of Sale. Catalogues on
application.
China, Ourioe, Minerals, Polished Stones, dr.
TVESDA )'. PEBRUA /.')' IS, at half-pun n tfeU>a\.
MIL J. C. STEVENS will OFFER .it his
Rooms, 38, King Street < ovent Garden. London. V
choice COLLECTION ol MINERALS Polish ED ST'
i IBINETS k- from the COLLECTION of M .1 I'EI.EOKIN
al-.. MANDARINS Flit RultES illlNA LINK M
STAMPS. BOOKS i.- 1 , i-r.-at lariel
CURIOS.
The SALE of the COLLECTION formed by the late W. W,
ROBINSON, Esq., is unavoidably postponed for a short time.
On view day prior 10 t'» 4. and morning of Sale. Catalogues on,
application.
British Leptdoj I
FEBRUARY ■ . at half-past » ..v/odr.
ML. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER, it hi*
Rooms. :-. King Street. Coieut Oar.lt-n. W.I the COLLEl
TION of liltiTISH LEPIIMtPTERA. formed by Mrs. IIAZETT.
prising many rare larietiesj in good ooiiditaotL
- on application.
Valuable Books.
MESSRS PUTTICK & slMl'SOX will SELL
by AUCTION, at their Galleries. 47.
W.C, DURING FEBRUARY, valuable l;i>uK>. including
LIBRARY of a GENTLEMAN, removed from Hertfordshin
order of the Executors), a PoKTioN of the LIBRARI
I iil.LF.i TOR, and other Properties.
ntaUsts.
THK LIBRARIES of the famous Orienl
,,, i Etl nograj)hists Dr. -'. L. A. BRAND] -
Prof G K NIEMANN of the Indian Institute at Delft, will 1h»
DISPERSED bv PUBLIC AUCTION from FEBR1 ARi -
MAIH II 1
Catalogues may be had on application to
The Hague MARTINI s NMIU'IF.
\ M .w BOOK "K INI. I \N REMTNI8I BN< BS
Messrs. BROWN, LANGHAM will publish on MONDAY
HERE .1 XD THERE, Mi movies Indian and other, l»i II. 6.
KEENS, C.I.S., Authm of A S,rrn,,t of John I
\h. Keene is one »i the feir mirciror* of the old \ j
I ml in ; in hi* !"•"• book he girt* n* stories of old Hnili
and ot Indian life in days befon the Mutiny, irh.:
part of the rohnne is riltnl villi recollections of th
returned exile in Jerst n. London, nml tbmsflu i
IBs. 6d.
net.
II
ERE
liy II. t
AND THERE
KEENE. CLE.
net.
Thi same firm are issuing early NEXT WEEK " \
ffiwf Cheaper Edition of CHRISTOPHER in:. I St:, a S
Sooland College Life ot Winchester mnl Cauiluili?
/•;. //. LACOS WATSON. In rior o) the ;nmt popxl
i.i' jmliii,- Kchool fiction nt thi present moment, the f'nl<l
'pate a large rfi <■ story, which the
Athenipuui hailed as "that rare thing, <i story of -
college lift irhich li/i th. < its descriptions rim
reality icith compb !
:\,. t\ii. t mi i: I v ni i'ii i:i: DEANE. ."-
" B) E II LAI nN W \T-\
77.e First Edition ol .1 DAUGHTER OF THOR
\"U EXHAUSTED. - Nete Edition of tlii.- Popular .>
fa in ACTIVE PREPARATION.
<;-.
A
DAUGHTER OF THOR
Bj HELEN M WW l'l I
ti-
BROWN LANGHAM ft CO.. Limited - New Boi I 8tr
THK BUILDER (fotmded l842),OatherineS
London. M I , FEBRUARY 10, contains j—
Mr. Holman Hunt and Prc-Raphaelitism ; Instituleof \
President - Address to stu.hnt-; Royal Ac.-i.lemv Lecture* R
in Architecture : Terracotta Panels, Ingrain House; Pulpit
s.n Mniiat, ■. Florence; A Design for Torquay Municipal
Offices; House at Masmnghaiu. Norfolk: Mathematical Dal
Student's Colnmni; ftc. From Office as above 4d
lent
N° 4085, Feb. 10, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
155
MUDIES LIBEARY.
FOUNDED 1842.
For the CIRCULATION ami SALE of the BEST BOOKS
in ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, RUSSIAN, ITALIAN,
SPANISH, DUTCH, and SCANDINAVIAN.
The Collection comprises the Best Standard
Works published during the past Sixty Years.
TERMS PER ANNUM.
O Volumes in the Country ; or, |
6 Volumes Delivered free in LONDON I
and Nearer Suburbs J
£3 3 0
Volumes in the Country ; or,
£2 2 0
\
3 Volumes Delivered free in LONDON f
and Nearer Suburbs J
1 Volume, Exchanged Daily at the") PI "I (\
Library Counter j £1 X U
^ Volume (for Books of Past Seasons) ) lUS. DO.
Half- Yearly, Quarterly, and Monthly
Subscriptions can also be entered.
SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT has been made with
MESSRS. PICKFORD, in London ami Suburban Districts
served by them, for the exchange of Library Books TO
and FROM Subscribers' Houses for 3d. per DOUBLE
JOURNEY.
PARCEL POST DEPARTMENT for SUBSCRIBERS
residing at a DISTANCE from any RAILWAY .STATION.
Terms on application.
ALL BOOKS are offered SECOND-HAND as soon as the
demand in the LIBRARY will permit. List free on appli-
cation.
MUDIE'S SELECT LIBRARY, Limited,
30-34, NEW OXFORD STREET, W.C.
241, BROMPTON ROAD, S.W.
48, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.
A NEW AND EPOCH-MAKING BOOK.
Imperial 8vo (lO.Vin. 1>y 7.' in.), 800 pages, hand-
somely bound in art canvas gilt, 31«. 6d. net.
GOTHIC
ARCHITECTURE
IN ENGLAND.
An Analysis of the Origin and Development
of English Church Architecture from the
Uorman Conquest to the Dissolution of the
Monasteries.
By FRANCIS BOND, M.A.,
Fellow nt' the< Geological Society, Honorary Associate
of the Royal Institute of British Architects.
With 1,254 nimstrations, comprising 785 Photo-
graphs, Sketches, and .Measured Drawings, and
169 Plana, Sections, Diagrams, and .Mouldings.
.1 r llEX.-EUM. — "This is, in every sense of the word, a
great work. . . .It is a hook that at once steps to the from as
anthoi itative, and it will be long before it is superseded ....
It, is difficult to write about the illustrations except in what
inaj seem terms of exaggeration or fulsome praise."
SPECTATOR.- "Mr. Bond's work is exhaustive and
dmost monumental .The whole hook, in fact, is verj full
in detail, in example, in reiteration, and in iliustrauon
and must stand for many years to come as the I k of
i nee on the subject of ecclesiastical Gothic in England
for all architects and archaeologists ; and it will also be the
booh thai the lea liter can study with most profit
GLASGOW HERALD. ••Tin's handsome and elaborate
book cannot fail to be of the utmost value to even
reader, both lay and professional ... .It is a monument of
loving research, Hue artistic taste, and wide culture."
&, T. BATKFOR1), 94, High Hulljoni, London.
MESSRS. DUCKWORTH & CO.
WILL PUBLISH IMMEDIATELY
A NEW NOVEL BY E. TEMPLE THURSTON,
AUTHOR OF ' THE APPLE OF EDEN ' (Fifth Edition), entitled
TRAFFIC
THE STORY OF A FAITHFUL WOMAN.
Crown 8vo, Etched Frontispiece, 6s.
NEW HANDBOOK TO ROME.
THE MUSEUMS AND RUINS OF ROME.
VoL I. By WALTER AMELUNG. 170 Illustrations.
Vol IL By H. HOLTZINGER. Map, Plans, and 100 Illustrations.
Edited by Mrs. ARTHUR STRONG. Kfe. net.
A comprehensive view of the buildings and art collections. Dr. Amelung, putting together
correlated works, replicas, copies, and fragments, brings the original conceptions before the reader ; and
Dr. Holtzinger is concerned rather with architectural art than with topographical science.
THE DAWN IN BRITAIN. By Charles M. Doughty, Author
of ' Travels in Arabia Desert;!.' 2 vols, crown 8vo, 3s. 6d. net each.
" Much interest and expectation has been roused by the announcement of ' The Dawn in Britain,' a poem by Charles
M. Doughty, author of ' Travels in Arabia Deserta,' perhaps the most eloquent and characteristic book written in English
prose for at least a generation."— British Weekly.
Mr. Doughty is marked as a man of strong personality, possessed of a wonderful sense of words and an extraordinary
power of language, and lovers of Knglish literature may expect to recognize work from the strong hands of a master.
IN THE WELL-KNOWN " RED SERIES " OF ART BOOKS.
THE SCOTTISH SCHOOL OF PAINTING. By William D.
McKAY, R.S.A. 4o Illustrations. 7.s-. <kl. net.
IN THE POPULAR LIBRARY OF ART.
ENGLISH WATER-COLOUR PAINTERS. By A. J. Finberg.
50 Illustrations. Cloth, 2s. net ; leather, 2*. $d. net.
N EW NOVELS.— Crown 8vo, 6s. each.
The AMBUSH of YOUNG DAYS. By Rosamond Langbridge.
A new novel by a rising writer, containing some clever studies of people and some capital passages of genuine comedy.
LADS of the FANCY. By George Bartram.
A novel presenting some strong pictures of life in 'The Shires' and in London when pugilism and gambling and other
spcirts were the chief interests in life for a " man of fashion."
SECOND IMPRESSION JUST READY.
THE SECRET KINGDOM. By Frank Richardson.
"The book stands in a class apart." — Observer.
" Full of high spirits and cleverness. May be recommended to all " — Academy.
" < hie of the most popular books of the season.'' — Black and White.
"< 'lever, ridiculous, brilliant. Its humour genuine, its characterization shrewd, its satire mordant, its pathos
undeniable."— World.
"CONTINENTAL HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS."
RAMBLES IN NORMANDY. By Francis Miltoun, Author of
"Cathedrals of Northern France.' With very many Illustrations from Drawings and Sketches by .BLANCHE
McMANUS. 9 Maps, square crown 8vo, 0*. net.
RAMBLES IN BRITTANY. By Francis Miltoun. Illustrated
by BLANCHE McMANl's. Uniform with ' Normandy.' 6s.net,
THE LIBRARY
OF
ART.
"Of the man; aeries of books on Art that published by Messrs. Duckworth must rank as the best written, indmost
likely to be of permanent value.'" Time*.
MICHAEL ANGEL0. By Sir Charles Hol-
ittivi). 52 Illustrations. 7«. Od. net.
Flannel and Edited by the late S. ABTHUB STRONG.
Xovn edited by Mrs. ABTHUB STBONG (EUGENIE SELLEBS).
"THE EXCELLENT RED SERIES."
FRENCH PAINTING IN THE SIXTEENTH
CKNTUBY. By LOUIS DIM I Kit. 50 Illustrations.
7*. i»'. net.
MEDIAEVAL ART. From the Peace of the
Church to the Bve of the Renaissance, \.t>. 312-1850. Bj
w. it. LETHABY. 66Ful-page Illustrations, and 120
Diagrams, Flans, and Drawings. B*. i'"' net.
ALBERT DURER. By T. Sturge Moore.
I Copperplates and 50 I la If -Tone Engravings. 7*.M. net.
TITIAN. By Dr. Georg Gronau. 54 Illus-
trat ion-. :.-. 8d. net .
CONSTABLE. By M. Sturge Henderson.
10 lllii-ti.it ions. ,'. Qd. int.
D0NATELL0. By Lord Balcarres. 58 Illus-
tratioiis. 6*. net.
VERR0CCHI0. By Maud Cruttwell. 48
Illustrations. 7.-. i;>/. net.
GIOTTO. By Basil de Selincourt. 45 Illus-
trations. 7x. {\,l. net.
PISANELL0 By G. F. Hill, of the Coins
Mitl Medal* Department in the British Museum, BO illus-
tration-. :-. 6a. net.
I 'I <K\\«»J:t1I a CO. ::, Henrietta Street, W.C.
1 56
THE ATIIKNM'H'M
N 1085, Feb. 10, 1906
KEG AN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO. LTD.
ROMA BEATA: Letters from the Eternal City.
By MAUDE HOWE. With Illustrations bom Drawings by JOHN
ELLft 'i i "id from Photographs. Large Svo, gilt top, Mm. <></. net.
DAYS NEAR ROME. By Augustus J. C. Hare
■ad BT. GLAIR BADDELEY. Fourth Edition. 1 vol. With mw
M.ij> and 82 Photographic Illustrations of the Campagna, and an
Original Portrait from the Life of Gasperone, the once celebrated
Brigand of Tusculum. 10s. (kl. net.
TWO IN ITALY. By Maude Howe. With
Illustrations from Drawings by JOHN ELLIOTT. Large 8vo, cloth,
gilt top, 7*. (W. net. [Immediat'/y.
CATHOLIC WORK3.
THE UNSEEN WORLD. An Exposition of
Catholic Theology iii its Relation to Modern Spiritism. By PERE
ALEXIUS MARIA LEPICIER, Proonratore Generale dei Servi di
Maria. Crown Svo, (is.
THE LAW OF THE CHURCH. A Cyclopedia
of Canon Law for the Use of English-Speaking Countries. By the
Rev. FATHER ETHELRED TAUNTON. Over 700 pp. With
Photogravure Portrait of His Holiness Pope Pius X. Royal 8vo,
1/. 5-*. net. [Immediately.
This is the only work of its kind in the English language, and will meet a
long-felt want for an accurate up-to-date and practical account of the general
legislation of the Church, together with the particular laws of the Church in
the various parts of the British Empire and the United States. The book will
be necessary, not only to the clergy, but also to lawyers and the laity in
general.
SPIRITUAL LETTERS. By Pere Did on,
Author of 'The Life of Christ.'
Imperial Svo, 7*. 6c?. net.
Translated by G. A. NASH, M.A.
[Immediately.
THE ANNUAL RETREAT. Meditations and
Spiritual Conferences for the use of Religious who make their annual
retreat privately. By the Rev. GABRIEL BOUEFIER, S.J. Trans-
lated by Madame CECILIA. Small 8vo, Zs. (id. net. [Immediately.
NEW WORKS BY MONSIGNOR BOLO.
PRAYER. Translated from the French by
Madame CECILIA. Crown Svo, cloth, 2s. (id. net.
THE BEATITUDES. Translated by Madame
CECILIA. Crown Svo, cloth, 3s. (id. net. [Immediately.
THE CHRONICLE OF THE CANONS
REGULAR OF MOUNT ST. AGNES. By THOMAS A'KEMPIS.
Translated by J. P. ARTHUR. Price 5s. net. [Shortly.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
NEW VOLUMES IN
"BOOKS ON EGYPT AND CIIALDJEA SERIES
THE EGYPTIAN HEAVEN AND HELL.
By Dr. E. A. WALLIS BUDGE.
In 3 vols, crown Svo, cloth, illustrated, 6s. net each.
Vol. I. THE BOOK AM TUAT.
Vol. II. THE BOOK OF GATES.
Vol. III. THE EGYPTIAN HEAVEN AND HELL.
WHO'S WHO IN AMERICA FOR 1906 1907.
Aboat 2,000 pp. 18a. net.
/
THE HISTORY OF KOREA, from 2257 B.C. to
1904 AD. By HOMES R HULBEBT, A.M. F.R.G.a, Editor of
the Korea Review. 2 vols. Illustrated. 814 pages. Large Svo, half,
calf, 30«. net.
TO JERUSALEM THROUGH THE LANDS
OF [SLAM, among Jews, Christians, and Moslems. By Madame
BYACINTHE LOYSON. With a Preface by PRINCE DE
POLIGNAC. 325 pages. Cloth, 10ft. tw. net
THE BOOK OF ECCLESIASTES. A New
Metrical Translation, with an Introduction and Explanatory Notes.
By PAUL HAUPT, LL.D. Large Svo, cloth, 3,. 8d net.
CHRISTIANITY AND PATRIOTISM. With
Pertinent Extracts from other Essays. By Count LEO TOLSTOY.
Translated by PAUL BORGER and others. Crown Svo, paper cover,
2s. net.
FRIEDRTCH SCHILLER. A Sketch of his Life
and an Appreciation of his Poetry. By PAUL CARNS. Illustrated.
Large crown 8vo, boards, 3s. (id. net.
FOOD PRESERVATIVES: Their Advantages
and Proper Use. The Practical v. the Theoretical Side of the Pure
Food Problem. By R. G. EOCLES, M.D., with an Introduction by
E. W. DUCK WALL, M.S. Large crown Svo, cloth, 5ft. net.
AGRICULTURE. Through the Laboratory and
School Garden. A Manual and Text-Book of Elementarv Agriculture
for Schools. By C. R. JACKSON and Mrs. L. S. DAUGHERTY.
Crown Svo, cloth, profusely illustrated, 7*. (id. net.
POETRY.
A NEW VOLUME IN THE DRYDEN LIBRARY.
BURNS'S POEMS. Selected and Edited by
ANDREW LANG. With Frontispiece. Size 6 in. by3£in. Is. dd.
net, cloth ; 2s. net, leather.
Previous Volumes.
AUSTIN D0BSON. Selected Poems. With
Frontispiece by GEORGE H. BOUGHTON, R.A.
THE BOOK OF PSALMS. Translated by Canon
T. K. CHEYNE, D.D.
SHAKSPERE'S SONNETS. Edited by Prof.
EDWARD DOWDEN. With Frontispiece.
CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES. 2 vols.
Edited by A. WT. POLLARD.
Other Volumes in preparation.
THE SONNETS OF MICHELANGELO
BUONAROTTI. With a Life of the Artist by ASCANIO CONDIYL
Translated by Miss S. E. HALL. ISmo, cloth, 56. net.
FICTION.
THE BOSS OF LITTLE ARCADY. By Harry
LEON WILSON, Author of 'The Spenders.' Illustrated by ROSE
CECIL O'NEILL. Crown Bvo, with illustrated cloth cover, 6*.
CACHE LA P0UDRE. The Romance of a
Tenderfoot in the Days of Custer. By HERBERT MYRICK.
Imperial S\o. cloth, profusely illustrated, 7a. id.
EDITION DE LUXE, bound in Indian smoke-tanned buokakin, 25s. net.
THE HUMAN TOUCH. A Tale of the Great
South-West. By EDITH M. NICHOLL. With Illustrations by
CHARLES OOPELAN 1 >. Crown Svo, cloth, 6s.
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., Ltd., Dryden House, 43, Gerard Street, London, W.
N°4085, Feb. 10, 1906 THE ATHEN^UM 157
CHATTO & WINDUS'S NEW BOOKS.
COLLECTED LIBRARY EDITION OF
MR. SWINBURNE'S TRAGEDIES
IN FIVE VOLUMES. Price 30s. net for the Five Volumes. Crown 8vo, buckram, gilt tops.
Vol. I. THE QUEEN-MOTHER.— ROSAMOND.
Vol. II. CHASTELARD.— BOTHWELL, Acts I. and II.
Vol. III. BOTHWELL, Acts III., IV., and V.
Vol. IV. MARY STUART. With an Appendix.
Vol. V. LOCRINE. — THE SISTERS. — MARINO FALIERO. — ROSAMUND,
QUEEN OF THE LOMBARDS.
SHORTLY, in 16mo, cloth, gilt top, 2s. net ; leather, gilt top, 3s. net.
THE POCKET GEORGE MAC DONALD. Being a Choice of Passages from his Works, made by Alfred H. Hyatt.
With 24 Full-Page Illustrations, demy 8vo, cloth, 12s. M. net.
LIFE IN MOROCCO. By Budgett Meakin, Author of ' The Land of the Moors.'
" Every one who wishes to understand the present political situation in Morocco, and to know something about the life and history of the people of that interesting country>
should read Mr. Budgett Meakin's interesting book. Mr. Meakin has evidently had opportunities of studying the habits and customs of the Moors in a way that falls to few people*
His chapters on social visits, on shopping, domestic economy, and his description of the slave market, are full of curious and interesting information." — Westminster Gazette.
Demy 8vo, cloth, gilt top, 7s. Qd. net.
THE STORY OF CHARING CROSS AND ITS IMMEDIATE NEIGHBOURHOOD. By J. Holden MacmichaeL
With 2 Illustrations and a Plan.
"An interesting book A perfect mine of information respecting the social manners and habits of the times The topographical student will be especially delighted with the
assistance afforded by the author towards the identification of sites and localities." — City Press.
On MARCH 1, crown 8vo, cloth, 7s. 6d. net.
THE ROMANCE OF THE SOUTH SEAS. By Clement L. Wragge, F.R.G.S. With 84 lUustrations.
No legion is more interesting and full of romance than are the South Sea Islands, and all who read Mr. Wragge's sparkling book, which is the result of recent residence and
travel in " the Summer Isles of Eden," will admit that few more fascinating works dealing with the subject have appeared. The book is in two sections, the first comprising ' The Prison
of the Pacific,' as New Caledonia, with its convict element, may well be called ; and the second ' A Trip to Tahiti vi& Rarotonga and Raiatea.' Botanists, conchologists, geologists, and
students of tropical fish will all find much to interest them. The numerous illustrations are from unique photographs of island scenery and native life.
On MARCH 8, crown 8vo, cloth, 6s. net.
LITERARY RAMBLES IN THE WEST OF ENGLAND. By Arthur L. Salmon. With a Frontispiece.
This book is an attempt at topography chiefly on its literary side. The author has endeavoured to evoke the best traditions of each place around its central memory ; he accom-
panies Borrow to Cornwall, Keats to Teignmouth, Wordsworth to the Quantocks, Coleridge and Tennyson to Clevedon. He sojourns with Herrick at Dean Prior, and with Hawker at
Morwenstow ; he tries to interpret the message that Richard Jefferies gave to the world from his Wiltshire home. One chapter follows the ramblings of Celtic saints about the West
Country ; another touches the literary associations of old Bristol ; another dreams of King Arthur at Tintagel.
GEORGE R. SIMS'S NEW NOVEL.— Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.
FOR LIFE— AND AFTER. By George R. Sims ("Dagonet").
1 For Life— and After ' is the romance of an innocent woman who suffered [the terrible penalty of Penal Servitude for Life, and who has— when in due course she receives her
licence to return to the world — wealth at her command, but is separated from the husband she loves and the daughter she adores. When at last she succeeds in obtaining the friend-
ship and companionship of her daughter, she dare not let her know that she is the mother whose supposed guilt has brought father and daughter to shame and poverty. The characters
in the fiction have their counterpart in fact. The story strongly illustrates the peril of conviction on circumstantial evidence, and will cause the reader to recall a celebrated case on
which, after a lapse of many years, opinion is still sharply divided.
MRS. PENNY'S NEW NOVEL.— Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.
CASTE AND CREED. By F. E. Penny, Author of ' Dilys,' &c.
"Mrs. Penny's Indian novels are very well known. She has long been prominent among the small band headed by Mr. Rudyard Kipling and Mrs. Steele 'Caste and Creed' is
a clever study, the native converts especially being capitally and often amusingly drawn." — Standard.
" A striking and picturesque study of native life of the south of India Zelma, the half-caste, is one of the most striking creations of Anglo-Indian fiction. . . .The love interest is
well handled, and the book is full of interest and life, giving accurate pictures not only of ordinary Anglo-Indian life, but more interesting and more important, giving glimpses of the
social life of the Brahmins One of the most striking and most readable Anglo-Indian novels we have ever come across." — Southport Guardian.
BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE MOUNTAIN CLIMBERS.'— Crown Svo, cloth, 6s.
NATURE'S VAGABOND, &c. By Cosmo Hamilton, Author of ' Duke's Son,' &c.
" 'Nature's Vagabond' is the happy example of the not very common long story in miniature— a very different thing from the short story proper, and a form of fiction which seems
to suit Mr. Hamilton's light, clever touch to perfection. . . .The three-and-twenty bright little chapters, written carefully to scale, and tracing the vagabondage and difficult reclamation
of Billy Rudd, just nicely contains all those effects— gay, pathetic, ahd humorous — which seem sometimes to overflow narrow boundaries, yet might be lost within wider space. Of the
rest, the most impressive is 'This was Love'. .. .'The Problem Browning Set ' is interesting, and ' Cupid among the Primroses ' witty, ironic, and, with the author pleasantly obtrusive
everywhere, will win as many votes as anything in the collection." — Academy,
ARNOLD BENNETT'S NEW NOVEL— Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.
HUGO : a Fantasia on Modern Themes.
" A story that is at once thrilling, original, and highly sensational, without being melodramatic. . . . ' Hugo ' is a profoundly interesting character, masterful yet sympathetic, and
intensely interesting withal. .. .The reader is carried breathlessly on, now amused, now perplexed, now delighted ; always interested, always wondering what is to happen next. Mr.
Bennett has constructed his scenario with the dramatic skill of the experienced playwright. His situations are novel and most effective. His characters are cleverly drawn.... The
workings of this vast organism are displayed so realistically that it is difficult to remember that it exists only in the imagination of the author, and that one may search Sloane Street
in vain for any sign of Hugo's Universal Stores." — Tribune.
" An excellent successor to that most diverting fantasia, ' The Grand Babylon Hotel.' . ... A most entertaining book. The organization of Hugo's Stores is as vividly and inimitably
described as was that of the Grand Babylon Hotel, and the scene at a New Year's sale, in particular, shows the author in one of his most happy moods." — Court Journal.
NEW SIX-SHILLING NOVELS IN THE PRESS.
LOVE AND LORDSHIP. By Florence Warden, Author of ' The House on the Marsh.' [March 1.
IN THE ROARING FIFTIES. By Edward Dyson, Author of ' The Gold-Stealers.' [March s.
MARA : an Unconventional Woman. By Chris Healy, Author of ' Heirs of Reuben.' [March 15.
A MENDER OF NETS. By William Mackay, Author of ' The Popular Idol.' [March 22.
In the Pre**. CHEAPER EDITIONS. Crown Svo, doth, Js. 6d. each.
CHILDREN OF TO-MORROW. By William Sharp (" Fiona Macleod ").
COLONEL THORNDYKE'S SECRET. By G. A. Henty. With a Frontispiece by Stanley L. Wood.
THE CRUISE OF THE "BLACK PRINCE'' PRIVATEER. By Commander Cameron. [Shortlv.
NO OTHER WAY. By Sir Walter Besant. Illustrated by C. D. Ward.
A CRIMSON CRIME. By G. Manville Fenn.
BEN-HUR : a Tale of the Christ. By Lew. Wallace. [SAorrty,
MR. VERDANT GREEN. By Cuthbert Bede. With 65 Illustrations. Post 8vo, cloth, Is. [Shortly.
NEW VOLUMES OF " THE ST. MA /{TINS LIBRARY."— Is the Tresis. Pott 8vo, cloth, 2a. net per vol. ; leather, 3o. net per roL
TAINE'S HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. Translated by H. Van Laun. In 4 vols., with 32 Portraits.
London: CHATTO & WINDUS, 111, St. Martin's Lane, W.C.
158
THE ATHENJEUM
N°408;3, Feb. 10, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.S
LIST.
LOGGAN.
CANTABRIGIA
ILLUSTRATA.
By DAVID LOGGAN.
(First published in 1690. )
A Series of Views of the University and Colleges,
and of Eton College.
Edited, with a Life of Loggan, an Introduction
and Historical and Descriptive Notes by
J. W. CLARK, M.A. F.S.A.,
Registrary of the University of Cambridge.
A Reproduction in Folio, the scarce Portrait of the
Duke of Somerset in Photogravure,
the Centre Section of Hamond's Map of 1592.
Price 21. 2s. net ; or in morocco extra, 51. 5.-\ net.
THE PROVOST OF KINO'S (Dr. M. R. Jambs)
in the Cambridge Review.- — "What the Regis-
trar}- has added from the treasure of his own
knowledge is, like all his work, lucid, concise,
relevant, and thoroughly helpful To sum up,
we have nothing but praise for the book, pictures
and text alike."
ATHBNjBUM. -"-"Even the great task of
giving to the world in 1885 the 'Architectural
History of Cambridge ' of his uncle, the late Prof.
Willis, is scarcely a more important service than
the publication of Loggan's 'Cantabrigia Illus-
trata.'"
THIRD EDITION NOW READY.
LAPSUS CALAMI,
and other Verses.
By the late J. K. STEPHEN.
With a Biographical Introduction and Photogravure
Portrait after a Chalk Drawing by F. MILLER.
Fcap. 8vo, cloth, 5s. net.
SCOTSMAN.— "Ii he left little behind him,
that little is almost perfect of its kind, and will
not soon be forgotten. Those who have read and
enjoyed his verses will be glad of them in this
complete form."
SPECTATOR.—" J. K. S.'s parodies are of
more than moderate merit They make one
almost think that the parody must have been
written by the poet, parodied in a moment of
•amused self -ridicule."
THE WORKS OF
ARTHUR CLEMENT
HILTON
(Marlborough, and St. John's College, Cambridge),
Author of ' The Light Green.'
With 2 Illustrations, together with his
Life and Letters.
By Sir ROBERT EDGECUMBE
(of King's College, Cambridge),
Author of 'Zephyrus,' &c. 5a net.
PALL MALL GAZETTE.— ■** Wit on the
wings of metre. Highly remarkable, Sir Robert
Edgecumbe's memoir is a model of affectionate
and tributary sympathy. There are parodies
brilliant enough to persuade one almost that the
same hand wrote the parent and the parasite.
There are things in this delightful little book that
will live among the best examples of English wit."
JOHN LYLY.
By JOHN DOVER WILSON.
The Harness Prize for 1904. Crown 8vo, 3s. net.
ATHEN.EUM.—" The value of this essay is
•out of all proportion to its length. It cannot fail
to interest all who care for the historical develop-
ments of literature."
MACMILLAN & CO., Limited, London.
Messrs. J. M. Dent & Co. have pleasure in announcing the Publication of
EVERYMAN'S
LIBRARY.
Edited by ERNEST RHYS.
Cloth, 1«. net ; leather, 2& net.
FIRST FIFTY BOOKS (Ready February 15).
FICTION'.
Library of Historical Fiction (first 6 vols.).
I.YTTON'S HAROLD. Introduction bv Krnest Rhvs.
SCOTT'S IVANIIOE. Introduction by Krnest Rhvs.
EDGAR'S CRESSY AND POICHERS. Introduction
by Bluest Rhvs.
LYTTOX'S LAST OF THE BARONS. Introduction
bv R (i. \V;itkin.
MANNING'S SIR THOMAS MORE. Introduction by
Ernest Rhys.
KINGSLEYS WESTWARD HO! Introduction by
A. J. Grieve.
AUSTEN'S (JANE) NOYELS. 5 vols. Introduction by
R. Brimlev Johnson.
BALZAC'S WILD ASS'S SKIN. EiL by George Saintsbury.
KINGSLEY'S (H.) RAYKNSHOE.
READE'S (C.) THE CLOISTER AND THE HEARTH.
Introduction by A. C. Swinburne.
TROLLOPE'S BARCHESTER TOWERS.
ELIOT'S ADAM BEDE.
PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY.
ROBERTSON'S (F. W.) SERMONS. Arranged in 3 vols.
With an Introduction bv Canon Barnett.
SERMONS BY HUGH LATIMER. Introduction by
Canon Beeching.
ESSAYS AND BELLES LETT RES.
COLERIDGE'S BIOGRAPHIA LITERARIA. Intro-
duction bv Arthur Svmons.
ESSAYS IN LITERATURE AND HISTORY' BY J. A.
FROUDE. Introduction by Hilaire Belloc, M.P.
LAMB'S ESSAY'S OF ELIA. Introd. by Augustine Birrell.
BACON'S ESSAYS. Introduction by Oliphant Smeaton.
EMERSON'S ESSAYS. First and Second Series.
HISTORY.
MACAULAY'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. 3 vols.
FINLAY'S BYZANTINE EMPIRE. Introd. by Ernest
Rhys.
CARLYLE'S FRENCH REVOLUTION. 2 vols. Intro-
duction by Hilaire Belloc.
POETRY AND DRAMA.
TENNYSON'S POEMS, 1840-1863. Edited by Ernest
Rhy*
GOLDEN BOOK OF COLERIDGE. Edited bv Stopford
A. Brooke.
R. BROWNING'S POEMS, 1833-1864. i vols. Introduc-
tion by Arthur Waugh.
ROMANCE.
LE MORTE DARTHUR 2 vols. Introduction by ProL
Rhvs.
TRAVEL.
BORROWS WILD WALES. Introduction by Theodore
Watts-Dunton.
SPEKES SOURCES OF THE NILE.
SCIENCE AND NATURAL HISTORY.
HUXLEY S ESSAYS. Introduction by Sir Oliver Lodge.
WHITE'S SELBORNE. Introd. by Principal Windle.
BIOGRAPHY.
BOSWELL'S LIFE OF JOHNSON. 2 vols.
LOCKHARTS LIFE OF NAPOLEON.
CLASSICAL.
MARCUS AURELIUS' MEDITATIONS. Translated by
Meric Casaubon. Introd. by Dr. W. H. D. Rou--e.
CHILDREN'S.
ANDERSEN'S FAIRY TALES. Illustrated by the
Brothers Robinson.
HAWTHORNE'S WONDER BOOK ANDTANGLEWOOD
TALES.
LAMBS TALES FROM SHAKESPEARE. Illustrated by
Arthur Rackham.
KINGSTON'S PETER THE WHALER.
KINGSTON'S THE THREE MIDSHIPMEN.
SECOND FIFTY BOOKS (Ready March 31).
FICTION. SCIENCE AND NATURAL HISTORY.
Library of Historical Fiction (second 6 vols.).
SCOTT'S FORTUNES OF NIGEL.
SCOTT'S WOODSTOCK.
THACKERAY'S ESMOND.
DEFOE'S CAPTAIN SINGLETON.
SCOTT'S WAYERLEY.
DICKENS'S BARNABY RUDGE.
COOPER'S DEERSLAYER.
COOPER'S PATHFINDER.
COOPERS LAST OF THE MOHICANS.
(J ASK ELL'S CRANFORD.
MARRY ATS MIDSHIPMAN EASY.
DUMAS'S THREE MUSKETEERS.
LYTTON'S LAST DAY'S OF POMPEII.
MRS. HENRY WOODS THE CHANNINGS.
POETRY AND DRAMA.
BURNS'S SONGS AND POEMS. Introduction by James
Douglas.
PALGRAVES GOLDEN TREASURY.
SHERIDAN'S PLAYS.
SHELLEY.
ROMANCE.
Translated by Lady Charlotte
THE MABINOGION.
Guest.
TRA VEL.
COOK'S VOYAGES.
ESSAYS AND BELLES LETT RES.
Introduction by
Introduction by
ESSAYS OF MATTHEW ARNOLD.
G. K. Chesterton.
WALTON'S COMPLEAT ANGLER.
Andrew Lang.
HAZLITTS LECTURES ON SHAKESPEARE.
LADY MONTAGUS LETTERS.
HISTORY.
BURNET'S HISTORY OK HIS OWN TIMES.
MOTLEY'S DITCH REPUBLIC. 3 vols.
STRICKLAND'S QUEEN ELIZABETH.
STANLEY'S .MEMORIALS OF CANTERBURY.
TYNDALL'S GLACIERS OF THE ALPS AND MOUN-
TAINEERING. Introduction by Lord Avebury.
BIOGRAPHY.
PEPYss DIARY. 2 vols. Introduction by Dr. Richard
Garnett
LOCKHARTS LIFE OF SCOTT.
BENYENUTO CELLINI.
SOUTHEY'S LIFE OF NELSON.
PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY.
BUTLERS ANALOGY OF RELIGION. Introduction
bv Rev. Ronald Bavne.
THE N EW TESTAM ENT. Arranged in supposed Chrono-
logical Order bv Principal Linds.iv.
LAWS SERIOUS- CALL TO A DEVOUT AND HOLY
LIFE.
. CLASSICAL.
PLATO'S REPUBLIC. Spenss Translation. Introduction
bv Dr. Richard Garnott.
.USCHY1.VS LYRICAL DRAMAS. Trans, bv John Stuart
Blackie.
EURIPIDES' PLAYS in 2 vols. Vol. I. Ed. bv Ernest Rhvs.
PLATO'S REPl'BLIC. Spen's Trans. Intro, by Ernest Rhys.
ORATORY.
FREE TRADE SPEECHES BY BRIGHT, COBDEN,
GLADSTONE, Arc Introd. bv D. Llovd George, M.P.
LINCOLN'S SPEECHES.
C1IILDRENS.
GRIMMS FAIRY TALES. Illustrated by R. Aiming
BelL
CANTON'S A CHILD'S BOOK OF SAINTS. Illustrated
bv T. H. Robinson.
ROBINSON CRISOE. Illustrated bv J. A. Symington.
GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. Illustrated bv Arthur Rackham.
TOM BROWN'S SCHOOLDAYS. Illustrated by T. H.
Robinson.
FROISSARTS CHRONICLES.
PLEASE WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE PROSPECTUS.
London: J. M. PENT & CO. 29, Bedford Street, W.C.
N° 4085, Feb. 10, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
159
Messrs. METHUEN have much pleasure in announcing that they have just published
Mr. EDEN PHILLPOTTS' Neiv Romance, THE PORTREEVE,
crown 8vo9 6s. , and that the demand for this book has been so great that the
First Edition has been completely exhausted, and that the SECOND
EDITION will be READY IN A FEW DA VS. They also announce
that on FEBRUARY 15 they will publish a New Novel by BEATRICE
HARRADEN, Author of ' Ships that Pass in the Night.9 It is entitled
THE SCHOLAR'S DAUGHTER, crown Svo, 6s. On the same date
they will publish THE PATHWAY OF THE PIONEER, by DOLE
WYLLARDE, Author of ' Uriah the Hittite,' crown 8vo, 6s.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
ENGLISH FURNITURE. By F. S. Robinson. With 160 Plates
in Collotype and one in Photogravure. Wide royal Svo, 258. net.
[The Connoisseur*' Library.
"No book on this subject will be found more complete, interesting, and valuable."
Bystander.
"An extremely well-informed and fascinating book." — Pall Mall Gazette.
" A sound and practical history ; a very able work." — Evening Standard.
A BOOK FOR A RAINY DAY. By John Thomas Smith. Edited
by WILFRED WHITTEN" ("John o' London" of T. P.'s Weekly). With 18 Illustra-
tions. Wide demy 8vo, Us. Gd. net.
A good old book, much quoted by writers on London, in a modern dress.
" A book to read and kept to read again." — Morning Leader.
"One of the most delightful of London books." — Globe.
" A vastly entertaining book." — Morning Post..
" Full of interest at nearly every page." — T, P. 's Weekly.
THE GREAT SIEGE: the Investment and Fall of Port
Arthur. By B. W. NORREGAARD. With Maps and Illustrations. Demy Svo,
10*-. Gd. net.
"This volume will take rank not only as the standard account of the subjugation of
Port Arthur, hut also as an enduring story of war." — Daily Mail.
" The book, with its admirable maps, plans, and illustrations, is one of notable merit."
Scotsman.
"The vigorous style of the author, his picturesque and lucid narrative, and his singular
power of mastering and explaining complex details, give to the work a peculiar interest
and value." — Daily Xetrs.
THE POEMS OF WILLIAM COWPER. Edited, with an Intro-
duction and Notes, by -T. C. BAILKV. M.A. With Illustrations, including 2 Unpub-
lished Designs by WILLIAM BLAKE. Demy Svo, Ids. Gd, net.
" Mr. Bailey has done a solid and valuable piece of work in preparing this complete and
critical edition of Cowper's poems." — Glasgow Herald.
"A mine of new material marks this handsome edition as a work of distinct and sub-
stantial importance in English literature, while its gallery of portraits and its scholarly
introductions render it singularly interesting, valuable, and complete." — PaU Mall Gazette.
ENGLAND UNDER THE NORMANS AND ANGEYINS. By
H. W. ('. DAVIS, M.A.. Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Author of ' Charle-
magne.' With Maps and Flans. Demy svo, 10*. Gtl. net.
"To the author's mastery of his sources, as well as the literature on his subject, is
added the gift of writing in a bright and interesting fashion; while the excellent table of
contents and the marginal headings will be found useful pilots by the teacher and the
.student." — Atfi< ii'fimi.
"A most scholarly and accomplished work." Sunday Timet,
THE MANOR AND MANORIAL RECORDS. By Nathaniel
JT. HONE. With many Illustrations. Demy svo, 7s. M. net. [Antiquary's Books.
The reader is here presented with a graphic picture of the manor as it existed in
England from an early period till the social changes of the seventeenth century. The
manor-house and the manorial estate are fully described. The relations between the lord
and his tenants, the customs of the manor, the duties of officers and servants, the routine
of work and the ancient system of husbandry, rights of common and Inclosures are each in
turn dealt with. Examples of the various classes of manorial records, as Court Rolls,
Bailiffs Accounts and Extents, are given from original sources. A list of existing Court
Bolls, with their place of deposit, and a bibliography of manorial literature form all
Appendix to the volume, which is illustrated DJ facsimiles, plans, and views.
HOW TO IDENTIFY OLD CHINESE PORCELAIN By Mrs.
VTCLLOyOHBY HODGSON,
Illustrations. Small demj Svo
Author of ' H.
6c,
Identify Old China.' With 10
THE FRIENDLY TOWN : a Little Book for the Urbane.
Compiled by K. v. LUCAS. leap. s\,,, ;,,. •. Indian Paper, 7s. >'<■!.
"Without qualification, a most delightful and attractive hook." Academy.
THE OPEN ROAD : a Little Book for Wayfarers. Compile*
by E. V. LUCAS. A New Edition. I-Vap. svo. .",.-. ; Indian Paper, 7*. 6rf.
"A new edition of one iif thebesl anthologies of recent years. \ delightful collection
of many of the prettiest things which have been amid m preoe and verae about the Joys ol
the countryside. Daily Telegraph,
THOUGHTS FOR THE DAY.
Pcap. Svo, 'is. Od. net.
THE IRON TRADE.
8vo, 2s. 6rf. net.
By J. Stephen Jeans.
Illustrated. Crown
[Books on Business.
With 40 Illus-
[Little Books on Art.
CHRIST IN ART. By Mrs. Henry Jenner.
trations. Demy l(imo, 2s. Gd. net.
THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST. LUKE. With an Intro-
duction and Notes by WILLIAM WILLIAMSON, B.A., Author of 'Dictation
Passages.' With 3 Maps. Crown Svo, 28. [Met/men's Junior School Books.
This book contains the special features which have made Dr. Rubies 'St. Mark 'and
'The Acts' so popular. It contains all that is required for the Oxford and Cambridge
Junior Local Examinations.
INTRODUCTION TO THE DEYOUT LIFE. By St. Francis'
DE SALES. Translated by T. BARNS, M.A. Small pott Svo, cloth, 2ft : leather,
2*. Gd. net. [The Library of Devotion.
SMALL LESSONS ON GREAT TRUTHS. By A. K. Parkes.
Fcap. Svo, Is. Gd.
An attempt to present some of the fundamental truths of religion, untrammelled by
medianal dogma, and in a form in which they can be understood by children. It is
intended for the use of these parents who wish to bring up their children as Christians and,
at the same time, to provide them with a reasonable faith.
FICTION.
ROSE AT H0NEYP0T. By Mary E. Mann. Crown Bvo, 6s.
"A story of varied and continuous charm. Fpon Lorry Faraday, Mrs. Mann has
lavished all her sympathy and skill, while Rose, with her sweetness, her allure, and her
touches of irresponsibility, is admirably felt." — Times,
" A story full of human as well as of topical interest. Mrs. Mann is a faithful observer :
she realises acutely the limitations and the strength of the rustic intellect : and she has
humour. The narrative abounds in charm as well as in surprising strokes of realism."
Spectator,
"The book is well composed, well written, and continuously interesting. " — Academy.
THE SCAR. By Francis Warrington Dawson. Crown 8vo, 6s.
■• \ book which compels our interest, holds our attention, and piques our curiosity to
the ewV'—Dailii Telegraph.
" A singularly well-finished piece of work. There are few stories in which the atmo-
sphere is given sopervadinzly." Sheffield Independent,
" A decidedly powerful Study of the effects of adverse circumstances upon human
character."- Morning Past.
"A tine strong story of which the setting possesses hardly less interest than the
characters or the action." Evening Standard.
"The author has a remarkable faculty for description, and the life of Old Virginia is set
forth with a most skilful and minute vividness. Power permeates the whole story." World,
THE ANCIENT LANDMARK: a Kentucky Romance. By
Kf.IZABETH C. WALT/., Author of ' I'a (ilad.len." Crown svo, nX
"Convincing in its strength is the descriptive work of the story, and the leading
characters are carefully and skilfully presented and drawn from Ute."— Manchester Courier,
"Intense!] moving and interesting." Morning Leader.
By Beatrice Harraden. A New
With a Frontis-
se.i-M aid ' i~ a specimen
><l wit
Arranged by R. Minn: Smith.
IN VARYING MOODS.
Edition. ( Irou n Bvo, 6ft
THE SEA MAID. By Ronald MacDonald.
piece by K. R. HUGHES. Crown8vo,ft».
This j, a roniedv hung upon a framework of adventure. 'Tin
of that ancient coin of romance 'The Desert Island.' It is here, however, stamped wtth
new die: and the little laud in the meat water, during the leader's commerce therewith,
is bv no means uninhabited. An idyllic love story is interwoven, with shifting humours
of bustling dialogue and rapidl] succeeding events ; and if the late Dean of Beokminster
is neither Prospero nor Robinson Crusoe, he is vet not without ;i character of his own.
T1IK NOVELS OF ALEXANDRE DUMAS.
IN SIXPENNY VOLUMES,
THE WILD -DUCK SHOOTER.
METHUEN & CO. 36, Essex Street, London, W.C.
160
THE ATHENAEUM
N° 4085,
Feb. 10, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NEW BOOKS.
.voir BEADY.
LORD RANDOLPH
CHURCHILL
BY
WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL, M.P.
With Portraits. In 2 vols, demy 8vo, 36«. net.
READY FEBRUARY 16.
MEMOIR OF
ARCHBISHOP
TEMPLE.
By SEVEN FRIENDS.
Edited by E. G. SANDFORD,
Archdeacon of Exeter.
With Photogravure and other Illustrations.
In 2 vols. 8vo, 36s. net.
H. FIELDING HALL'S
NEW BOOK.
A PEOPLE AT
SCHOOL.
8vo, 10s. net.
[Tuesday.
YOLUME II. OF THE NEW EDITION.
GROVE'S DICTIONARY OF
MUSIC AND MUSICIANS.
Edited by J. A. FULLER MATTLAND,M.A.F.S.A.
In Five Volumes. Vol. II., F— L, 8vo, 21s. net.
{Feb. 1G.
%* Previously published, Vol. I., A— E, 21«. net.
SECOND PART NOW READY.
THE DYNASTS.
A Drama of the Napoleonic Wars, in 3 Parts, 19 Acts,
130 Scenes.
By THOMAS HARDY.
PART SECOND. Crown Svo, 4*. dd. net
*** Previously published, Part I. is. 6rf. net.
Crown Svo, 3*. (id. net.
CHRISTIANITY AND THE
WORKING CLASSES.
Edited by GEORGE HAW.
VOL. II. NOW READY.
OBSERVATIONS OF A
NATURALIST IN THE PACIFIC
BETWEEN 1896 AND 1899.
By H. B. GUPPY, M.B. F.R.S.E.
Vol. II. PLANT-DISPERSAL.
With Illustrations and Maps. Svo, 21s. net.
*»* Previously published.
Vol. I. Vanua Levu, Fiji:
Its Physical and Geological Characters. Svo, 15s. net.
SECOND EDITION.
THE FOUNDERS OF GEOLOGY.
By Sir ARCHIBALD GEIKIK, F.R.S. D.C.L. D.Sc. 8vo,
10s. net.
THE
CHEMISTRY OF THE PROTEIDS.
ByGl'STAY MANN, M.D. B.Sc. Baaed on Prof. OTTO
COHNHEl.M'S '('hemic der Eiweisskorper. Svo, 15s. net.
MACMILLAN & CO., Limited, London.
HURST
& BLACKETT'S
LIST.
A NEW AND IMPORTANT BOOK BY
HISS MEAKIN.
In 1 vol. deray8vo, with Illustrations, price 16«. net.
RUSSIA,
Travels and Studies.
By ANNETTE M. B. MEAKIN,
Author of ' A Ribbon of Iron,' &c.
" Miss Meakin is a light, anecdotal, and pic-
turesque recorder, who tries to bring before us the
subjects of the Tsar as the}7 live, move, and have
their being." — Daily Chronicle.
"The book gives a most interesting account of
the success of German subjects of the Tsar settled
in Russia proper among less progressive neigh-
bours."— Pall Mall Gazette.
" Miss Meakin has produced a most readable
and informative book on Russia. The Russia she
describes is the normal Russia, not the Russia of
war and revolution." — Scotsman.
MRS. ALEC TWEEDIE'S NEW WORK.
READY FEBRUARY 15.
In 1 vol. nwal 8vo, with numerous Illustrations
from Photographs taken especially for this book,
a Coloured Plate, and Maps, price 21s. net.
PORFIRIO DIAZ,
Seven Times President of Mexico.
By MRS. ALEC TWEEDIE,
Author of ' Mexico as I saw it,' &c.
A remarkable volume about the life's history of
a man born in obscurity, who has lived a wildly
exciting life as a soldier, and who played an
important part in the history of Maximilian and
Carlota, and who has now assumed the position of
perpetual President and brought his country from
chaos and revolution to peace and prosperity.
NEW NOYEL BY CARL JOUBERT.
NOW READY, in 1 vol. crown Svo, price 6s.
THE WHITE HAND.
By CARL JOUBERT,
Author of ' Russia as It Really Is,' ' The Fall
of Tzardom,' &c.
NEW NOYEL BY OLIYER ONIONS.
NOW READY, in 1 vol. crown 8vo, price Qs.
THE DRAKESTONE.
By OLIVER ONIONS,
Author of ' The Odd Job Man,' &c.
MRS. FRED REYNOLDS'S NEW NOYEL.
READY MONDAY, FEBRUARY 12.
In 1 vol. crown 8vo, price 6s.
IN SILENCE.
By Mrs. FRED REYNOLDS,
Author of ' The Man with the Wooden Face,' &c.
NEW NOYEL BY
ALICE AND CLAUDE ASKEW.
READY MONDAY, FEBRUARY 19.
In 1 vol. crown Svo, price 6s.
JENNIFER
PONTEFRACTE,
By ALICE and CLAUDE ASKEW,
Authors of ' The Shulamite,' &c.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS.
THE STUDY OF HISTORY. An
Inaugural Lecture delivered 00 Wedneed iv,
February 7, HMMJ. By CHARLES OMAN,
M.A.. Chiohele Professor of Modern History,
Oxford. Svo, paper covers, 1*. net.
THREE CHRONICLES OF
LONDON. Edited from the Cotton. MSS.
With Introduction, Notes, and Index, and
Compared with the Printed Versions. By
C. L. KINGSFORD, M.A. Bto, cloth,
JO*. 672. net.
The three London Chronicles here edited are
contained in (1) (Jot ton. .MS. Julius Bii ; t'2) Cotton.
MS. Cleopatra C iv. ; (3) Cotton. MS. Yitellius A
xvj. They are roughly continuous and l>etween
them cover the entire period from 1189 to 1/K)9.
ATIIi;XJ:CM.—li\i\ addition to the valuable
Introduction, Mr. Kingsford gives more than
fifty pages of notes, in which he has dealt chiefly
with matters illustrating the history of London
or the text of the Chronicles. These notes exhibit
the same fullness of learning that is apparent in the
Introduction."
SCENES FROM OLD PLAYB00KS,
arranged as an Introduction to Shakespeare.
By PERCY SIMPSON, M.A. With a Repro-
duction of the Swan Theatre. Crown Svo,
cloth, 3s. 6cZ.
INDEX VERB0RUM PR0PER-
TIANUS. By J. S. PHILLIMORE, M.A.
Crown 8vo, cloth, is. (id. net.
A TAMIL PROSE READER,
adapted to the Tamil Handbook. By the Rev.
G. U. POPE, D.D. Svo, cloth, 6*. net,
CATALOGUE OF SANSCRIT
MANUSCRIPTS IN THE BODLEIAN
LIBRARY. Begun by MORIZ WINTER-
NITZ, Ph.D. Continued and Completed by
ARTHUR BERRIEDALE KEITH, B.C.L.,
with a Preface by E. W. B. NICHOLSON,
M.A. 4to, cloth, 1/. 5s. net,
THE JOURNAL OF THEOLOGICAL
STUDIES. Edited by the Rev. J. F.
BETHUNE-BAKER and the Rev. F. E.
BRIGHTMAN. Published quarterly. Per
number, 3s. (id. net. Annual subscription, l'2s.
net post free.
Chief Contents of JANUARY Number .—Theological
Reconstruction at Cambridge. J5y the Rev. W. Sunday,
D.D. — 'In the Name.' By the Very Rev. .1. Annitage
Robinson, D.D.— Niceta and Ambroaiaster. I. By C. ll.
Turner.—" Who spoke the Magnificat .'" By F. C Burkitt.
—Documents : Codex Taurinensis (Y). IIL Bv the Rev.
AV. O. K. Oesterley, B.D.
PFEFFER'S PHYSIOLOGY OF
PLANTS : a Treatise upon the Metabolism
and Sources of Energy in Plants. Second
fully revised Edition. Translated and Edited
by A. .1. EWART. Royal Svo. Vol. ILL,
half-morocco, 1/. la net : cloth, 18& net.
[Innnx/iatt/y.
ANNALS OF BOTANY. Edited by
ISAAC BAYLEY BALFOUR, M.A. M.D.
F.R.S., of the University of Edinburgh ;
1). II. SCOTT. M.A. Ph. i). K.K.S., of the
Royal Gardens, Kewj \Y. <;. FARLOW,
M. I)., of Harvard Universitv, U.S.A.. assisted
by other Botanists. Vol. XX. No. LXXVII.
With 6 Plates and 12 Figures in the Text, 14-'.
Plowman, a. B.— The Comparative anatomy and Phyto-
geny of the Cyperaoeae. Hi.kkman, v. h.. and kras'kk.
Miss II. ('. I. Further Studies on the Sexuality of the
Uredineae. Bii.i.kr, a. H. R,— The Rniymes of Polyporus
sqnainosus, Bads. Poxn, R. H.— The Incapacity of the
l>;itc Endosperm for Self-digestion. Kwart, A. J. — The
Influence of Correlation upon the Size of Leaves. HfM-
l'llKKV, H. 15. The Development of Fossombronia lonpiset.i,
Aust. Notes. SCOTT, D. II., and Masi.k.N, A. J.— On the
Structure of Trigonooarpon ollvaeforme.
London : HENRY FROWDE,
Oxford University Press, Amen Corner.
N°4085, Feb. 10, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
161
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1906.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Mr. Symons's Spiritual Adventures 161
Johnson's Lives of the Poets 16*2
The Africander Land 163
Mr. Paul on Froude 164_
The Political History of England, 1216-1377 . . 165
New Novels (Rose at Honeypot ; The Spoilers ; The
Choice of Emelia ; The Lady Noggs, Peeress ; ; La
Belle Dame ; Mon Oncle Flo ; Le Fils tl un
Voleur) 166
Oriental Literature 1C6
Shooting and Hunting 167
Our Library Table (The History of Co-operation ;
William Pitt ; The Approach to Philosophy ; % er-
sailles ; Sources for the History of Morocco ;
Oswald Bastable, and Others ; The Pedigree of
Hunter of Abhotshill ; Two Year - Books ; The
Universal Library) 168—170
List of New Books l"0
J. P. Edmond ; Education in the Channel Islands ;
The Royal Historical Society ; Barry Corn-
wall's Lines to Lamb 170 — 171
Literary Gossip let
Science— Research Notes; C. J. Cornish; 'The
Zoological Society of London'; Societies;
Meetings Next Week ; Gossip .. .. 173—175
Fine Arts— Our Library Table (Ideals in Art ;
Frank Brangwyn; Cathedral Cities of England;
"Incipits" of Latin Manuscripts); The GOUPIL
Gallery; The Dowdeswell Galleries; The
Ryder Gallery ; The British School at
Rome ; sales ; Gossip 175—178
Music — Symphony Concert; Wf.ssely Quartet;
Gossip ; Performances Next Week . . 178—179
Drama — His House in Order; French Plays; A
Question of Age ; The Convict on the
Hearth ; Gossip 179—180
Index to Advertisers 180
LITERATURE
Spiritual Adventures. By Arthur Symons.
(Constable & Co.)
There are many comic things in this comic
world. There is, for instance, the spectacle
of Mrs. Grundy applauding Nero while he
flaunts his decadence on the boards of
His Majesty's Theatre. The good lady
does not suspect either Mr. Phillips or
Mr. Tree of having presented her with a
pathological infamy. ' Nero ' is really
an elaborately modern study of aesthetic
perversion. But its author is not the
only English poet who has diagnosed
decadence. Mr. Symons has been doing
it for years. For him life is pure sensation.
He is not interested in anything which is
not filtered through the senses. He is
preoccupied with the soul that makes a
theatre out of its conscience, and registers
its moods with cold precision. He sees
the soul as spectator of itself, acting to
itself, hissing and applauding itself —
dramatist, actor, and audience in one.
He regards conduct as the mere vehicle of
experience moving on the wheels of good
and evil. He is an abstract attitude. His
temperament pours like cold moonshine
through all the windows of sense, without
varying in quality. At its heart is an
insatiable disquiet, a spirit that seeks
rest and finds none. It is an inverted
austerity that is passionless, the tor-
ment of being writhing under the veils
of mood. Yet it is a spiritual ferment.
We have heard it maintained that the
vicissitudes of virtue arc not more moral
than the vicissitudes of vice. Temptation
is"" an act of the imagination. Sin is not
the deed, but the will behind it. Decadence
is a disease founded on an imaginative
basis.
These stories, each of which deals with
a separate personality, are studies of
decadence. They explore the relation be-
tween hfe and art. The modern mind is not
haunted, like Hamlet, by material ghosts.
It is haunted by obsessions. In ' Christian
Trevalga' Mr. Symons analyzes the mind
of a pianist who is driven mad by a musical
obsession. He shuts life outside his art.
He refuses to allow his love for a woman
to colour his monomania. ;' To love a
woman is, for an artist, to change his
religion." Having expelled hfe from his
experience, he becomes insane. Sanity
is founded upon human relationships.
Men huddle together to escape the stars.
There is a new strange horror in Trevalga's
insanity. Sound takes hold on him like
an invisible companion whispering in his
ears. He cannot distinguish between what
he hears and what he seems to hear
through noise or silence in some region
outside reality. " So long as I can dis-
tinguish between the one and the other,"
he says, "I am safe." While he is
playing Chopin, something in the curve
of the music, which he has always seen as
a wavy line, seems to become visible above
the level of the strings on the open top
of the piano. It is hke grey smoke,
forming and unforming as if it boiled up
softly out of the pit where the wires are.
This succubus overwhelms him. He sees
the wavy fine swaying to and fro like a
snake beating time to the music of the
snake-charmer. Then the external world
becomes unreal to him. He can see no
reason why he is " here rather than there."
And thus he goes mad. This is undoubtedly
a profoundly imaginative study of aesthetic
insanity. The moral is plain — to wit,
that morbid absorption in even a purely
imaginative sensation imperils the equi-
librium of personality.
^Esthetic decadence is due not so much
to the obsession of art for art's sake as to
the obsession of sensation for sensation's
sake. The decadent cares more for his
sensations than for his creations. He
gloats over the internecipe combats in
his soul between good and evil. The old
crude passions were lambs compared with
the obsessions that devastate the decadent
spirit. For here we are in a region which
is beyond the healthy conception. There
is something intolerably dreadful in the
soul that can exult over the agony of
another soul ; but such a soul is human
compared with the soul that can exult
over its own agony, and can distil an evil
ecstasy from its own moral recoil and its
own spiritual shame.
It is strange that aesthetic decadence
is seldom studied in relation to religious
decadence. They may be classed as
phases of the same disease. The religious
decadent is simply a soul that pursues
sensation for sensation's sake. We believe
that the moral stigmata of both are iden-
tical. We are not sure that the parallelism
does not extend further. There is a
curious similarity between the depravity
of the religious decadent and the depravity
of the aesthetic decadent. There is no
necessary relation between religious neuro-
pathy and purity of imagination and
conduct. Indeed, there is strong reason
for believing that neurotic religiosity
enfeebles the moral sense as fatally as
neurotic aestheticism. In ' Seaward Lack-
land ' Mr. Symons presents us with a
religious decadent who delights in out-
raging his own conscience. Just as Nero
gloats over the crucifixion of his filial
instincts, so Lackland gloats over the
crucifixion of his pious instincts. He
resolves to sin the sin against the Holy
Ghost, and to do it for the love of God.
For God's sake he determines to cast off
God. He preaches a sermon on the text,
" Then if any man shall say unto you,
Lo, here is Christ, or there ; believe it
not." He shows Jesus as one working
miracles with the help of Satan. He
utters awful blasphemies in the pulpit,
and becomes an outcast in the village.
But he feeds on the inner rapture born of
the knowledge that he had offered himself
up as an oblation to the justice of God.
As he dies, he says in an ecstatic voice that
he sinned because he loved God more than
himself. That is religious decadence.
Another phase of decadence is analyzed
in ' The Death of Peter Waydelin.' Here
we have an artist whose obsession is gross-
ness. He holds that beauty is the visible
spirit of the most infamous flesh, and in
order to paint the grossness he marries it.
" A profound low instinct " draws him to
the very sewers of life. He studies nature
under the paint of vice. He paints the
ugliness, gross artifice, crafty mechanism,
of sex disguising itself for its own ends.
His colour-obsession is green, which has a
special appeal to artistic temperaments —
not the green of nature, but the " colour-
scheme of the grave." As he dies, he
tries to sketch the grotesque horror of
his wife, the tears running down her
cheeks, leaving ghastly furrows in the
wet powder clotted and caked under them.
This is work for a parallel to which we
must cross the Channel. ' Esther Kahn '
is a vigorous study of a Jewish actress
whose histrionic genius is suddenly ma-
tured by a spasm of baffled passion.
In these and the other stories in this
volume the self-revelation is oblique. In
'A Prelude to Life' it is direct, The
habit of confession is rare in English lite-
rature, and unfortunately these confes-
sions stop just at the interesting point.
They are very naive, and their naivete
seems sincere : —
" I wanted to want to be good, but all I
really wanted was to be clever. . . .My father
bored me .... If to be good was to be like
him, I did not wish to be good 1 was
physically innocent, but with a sort of naive
corruption of mind. ... 1 never realised that
there was any honesty in sex... .Love I
nover associated with the senses, it was not
even a passion that I wanted ; it was a
conscious, subtle, elaborate sensuality, which
I knew not how to procure. .. .Everything
in the country, exoepl the sea. bored me :
but here in the 'motley' strand, among these
hurrying people, under the smoky sky. I
could walk and yet watch. If ever there
was a religion of the eyes, I have devoutly
102
'I'll E ATI! KN.Kl'M
N W85, Feb. 10, 1
practised lliat religion. 1 noted even
ilmt rang mi m> <>i> the pavement ; I looked
nit,, the omnibuses, il" cabs, «i«»\- with
the -inn.- caper hope of seeing wum- heau-
tiful <.i interesting person, some graci
movement, a delicate expression, winch
would be gone ii I did not eaten it aa it went.
Thia search without an aim grew to be almost
it torture to me; mj eyes ached with the
effort, l>nt I eould nol control them. Al
even moment, 1 knew, m • Bpectacle
awaited them j 1 grasped at till these Bights
with tli<- same futile energy as a dog thai I
once saw standing in an bash stream, sad
Snapping at the bubbiee tliat ran continu-
ally past him on the water. Life ran past
me continually, and I tried to make all its
bubbles my ou n."
That is | vivid piece of self-portrait inc.
It is the adolescent decadent beginning
the pursuit of life as a sensation. " What
is the chief end of man J" Is it sensation '.
If not, what ! That is the problem.
The decadent answers it in one way, the
religious soul in another. Some may say
that man has no chief end, indeed no end
at all, regarding ends and means alike as
a lovely hallucination devised by life the
harlequin. Viewed in this light, man's
faith in his own relevance is the most
humorous aspect of his arrogance. Do we
matter, after all !
John-son's Lives of the Poets. Edited by
G. Birkbeck Hill. 3 vols. (Oxford,
Clarendon Press.)
" Church of Dr. Samuel Johnson," the
inscription which heads the notice-board
of Wren's striking church of St. Clement
Danes in the Strand, may well, if it
survives, and the inferior quality of our
papers reduces our books to tatters,
puzzle the antiquary who surveys the
ruins of London. Johnson will be taken
for an eminent divine, or, at least, a
minister of the Church, if not for a modern
saint. He was not that, though he
suffered, perhaps, as much as any man
who rose to be a literary dictator. But
it is a striking tribute to his fame that he
should figure thus, whereas the arch-
bishops of his time have achieved no
posthumous eminence, and, named in the
same place, would convey no memories
to the intelligent passer-by. Johnson's
recognition has of late years been universal,
though it would, in some ways, surprise
his contemporaries. We do not now
think highly of him as a classical scholar
or as a stylist. His prejudices in criti-
cism are better known than his merits.
But his talk is immortal, and more widely
cherished and scrutinized every day.
Indeed, his fondness for paradox will
always have an attraction for young
men who go through that stage of literary
measles, though his extraordinary intel-
lectual alertness and his distaste for
sentiment are more valuable qualities.
His 'Dictionary' is now only of historic
interest ; his ' Idler ' and ' Rambler '
and his 'Kasselas' are outdistanced by
superior works of a similar sort ; but
Boswell's masterpiece was never more
popular, and ' The Lives of the Poets '
remain triumphantly alive. Some of
poets were not poet"- , others wen hut
moderate \ ersilieis on the \ MTgC of oblivion
in then own day ; hut Johnson ha* \ w died
them all.
That any editor will spend, or has
spent a tithe of the time and lahoui
hi. Mill devoted to these volumes
inconceivable. They are uniform in style
and arrangement with the splendid B
well s * Johnson ' edited by the same
hand, and first published in IHH~. Dr.
Hill devoted many years of research to
Johnson and .Johnson's period, and we
know no modern talent which can be
ranked with his in its wonderful grasp
of contemporary side-lights on his subject.
Admirably served by the Clarendon IV
he was able to present the world that
cares for literature with a series of
editions of the works of Johnson which are
monumental. With these volumes at
hand the casual reader may find in a
moment an illuminating parallel for which
the earnest student had previously, per-
haps, to search for days. It is pleasant
to think that Dr. Hill was able to complete
his row of Johnsonian volumes with these
vigorous and characteristic exhibitions of
the natural powers of Ursa Major.
The ' Lives,' says Mr. Harold Spencer
Scott, in his brief memoir of the editor,
were annotated under conditions of in-
creasing ill-health ; but Dr. Hill returned
to his task in spite of every check, and
" on bis death the work was almost ready
for the printer's hands. A few additions
and 6ome research, rendered comparatively
easy by the precision with which he worked
and the good order in which his papers were
kept, were alone needed."
The memoir says well all that need be
said of Dr. Hill's career. His father was
head of Bruce Castle School, Tottenham,
and he himself occupied that post from
1868 to 1877, after a career at Oxford
which brought him excellent literary com-
pany, but merely (owing to ill-health) an
" honorary fourth class." He became a
contributor to The Saturday Review in
1869, and made havoc among novelists
and minor poets. The result of this
writing was a distaste for modern fiction
so decided that he could not read much
of the best of it. " All in vain," he wrote
in his ' Talks about Autographs,'
"have friends urged me to read the works
of Black, Blackmore, Hardy, Ho wells, Henry
James, Stevenson, and Kipling. Not a
single story of any of these writers have I
ever read, or am I ever likely to read."
Such exclusions are regrettable, and Dr.
Hill's absorption in the eighteenth century
led occasionally to what must seem defects
of taste and criticism in the twentieth.
Increasing ill-health led him to give up
his school in 1877, and to move to Burgh-
field, near Reading, which he left in 1887
for a house near " The Parks " of Oxford.
His venerable figure will be familiar to not
a few Oxonians, and he profited by the
advantages of a cultivated society which
knew his worth. He had a remarkable
fund of anecdote, and enjoyed telling his
story ; but he was by no means a mere
master of monologue, and was devoid of
"-
liperiority of manner which i- i*
sionalh sttached to erudition, ami eon*
monk to let ired j>edag< ■_• ■■
Those who know nothing of hi- hfe
might well fancy him. to u-e the phrase
Boswell'i ancle applied to Johnson i
ioliu-t genius born to grapple with whole
libraries." The wonder i~ that, with
-taut interruption.-, he aras able to achieve
all the work whi< h stands to hi- credit.
Over hi- BosweU ' he took twelve reen,
Hi- rice of Bupernotation occasionally
obscures the points which should be mq,
rninent. but that l- a venial fault I
student.-. Hi- book of 1900, an edition
of Gibbon's 'Autobiography,' show-
piquant a commentary may be made out
of contemporary quotations. '|
historian and egoist i- thus more clearly
presented in a volume of ordinary
than ever before, if the reader has
critical power to disengage the essen
portrait.
There is no introduction here to I
' Lives,' nor is there any general vie..
their merits and demerits. Fortunately,
however, though the mass of illustrative
matter is generally of contemporary da
the writers of the next century are allowed
to express their dissent in quotations
which correct the sage's extraordinary
prejudice, exhibited, notably, in belitt-
ling Milton and Gray. Dr. Hill has no
space to point out the reasons for these
animadversions, which are pretty clear.
Johnson was never a judge of lyric poetry,
and could not be fair to a Republican of
no Church. He was as fluent and down-
right as Gray was polished and reserved.
Gray and Gray's friends saw his wi
side, and did not like him. Further, we
believe that he was jealous of the cla-sical
learning of the scholarly recluse of Cam-
bridge. His own endowments in that
direction were exaggerated by hi- ad-
mirers, among whom we may include Dr.
Hill. Johnson does not mention by name
a piece better than most of those he qui itea,
Collins's ' Ode to Evening.' which has
been generally appreciated since Palgrave
put it into ' The Golden Treasury." But
the first flowers of the romantic revival
were weeds for him. The element i f
poetry which is beyond and above I _
he could not measure by his logical
standards. His eye for what was then
called the " mellifluous " was vitiated by
his exaggerated fear of the " unreasonably
tumid."' It says much for his crucible
of fine talk and ready and resolute wisdom
that we can forgive him errors of taste
which would be unpardonable, and pro-
bably impossible, in the meanest compiler
of school-books of to-day. We find, at
any rate, Tennyson's counterblast in the
notes that " ' Lycidas ' was a touchstone
of poetic taste."' On the same page is
quoted an unfinished note by Dr. Hill t>-
the effect that " ' Lycidas ' can be read
without emotion .... there is only one
tender line in it — 'Young Lycidas,' A
He does not mention
Through the dear might <>f Him that walked the
D aves.
Johnson's foolish objection to elegies as
N°408->, Feb. 10, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
163
not genuine exhibitions of grief might
have been refuted by better and briefer
statements than that of a writer of old
times in The Quarterly Review.
Prejudiced or not, the ' Lives ' are all
interesting reading, being written as a
whole in simple language, not in the full-
dress style of ' Rasselas,' a circumstance
which has doubtless contributed to their
continued popularity. Johnson wrote
them often in a hurry, and reported oral
conversations, so that we get a taste of
his talking English, which was infinitely
superior to the measured and otiose Latin-
ism of his elaborate writing. It is cha-
racteristic of Dr. Hill's erudition that he
convicts him of employing words not in
his own ' Dictionary,' or not explained
to bear the meanings here given to them.
Some of the ' Lives ' invite annotation
more clearly than others, e.g., the long and
important account of Pope, whose ways
were devious and dark enough to make
plenty of conflicting evidence. It is in-
teresting to note that Pope's machinations
in the way of getting his own letters pub-
lished gave rise to an historic case, ' Pope
v. Curll,' which was quoted only the other
day in the Courts of Justice.
We agree with Dr. Hill, as we said some
years ago, in thinking that Johnson, when
he wrote of his poets, unconsciously de-
scribed, or referred to, his own pecu-
liarities. There are many reflections on
the depressions and temptations of narrow
means. A passage in the ' Life of Addi-
son ' recalls Johnson's " Boswell, lend
me sixpence — not to be returned " ; and
memories of Grub Street may have in-
spired the reflection in the ' Life of Collins '
that " a man, doubtful of his dinner, or
trembling at a creditor, is not much
disposed to abstracted meditation or
remote inquiries." The ' Lives ' are, in
fact, a free commentary on the manners
and customs of the day which only John-
son could have written, with his assured
position, his indifference to the saturnalia
of personal passions, and disingenuous
paraphrase.
In some matters of taste and judgment
the verdict of the eighteenth century has,
of course, been reversed, though a future
Augustan Age may deride present critics
for their views. Thus the merits of poor
John Dennis as critic are asserted in a
foot-note, and we find indications in the
same place that Theobald was not the
fool Pope made him. Dr. Hill might have
simply noted that three words of Shak-
spearian conjecture have made this Dunce
immortal in literature ; but he was,
perhaps, unwilling to repeat the more
satisfactory note in his ' Boswell,' i. 329.
We may exhibit Dr. Hill's eighteenth-
century views by a point of poetic vocabu-
lary. He notes that Dryden,
*' in the Dedication of the 'Aeneis,' speaking
of mollis amaracus . . . . says : 'If I shall
translate it sweet-marjoram, as the word
signifies, the reader would think I had mis-
taken Virgil ; for those village-words, as I
may call them, give us a mean idea of
the thing.'. .. .He translates the words 'a
flowery bed.'. . . .Lord Bo wen gets over the
difficulty by using the Latin word — ' a
yielding amaracus.'"
Bowen's difficulty was botanical, we
imagine, not one of distaste for the word
" marjoram," which a modern writer of
taste would, we think, find delightful —
in fact, has found delightful, since Mr.
J. W. Mackail uses it, more than once,
in his English prose versions from the
' Greek Anthology.' The phrase " classic
ground," which Addison invented in his
' Letter to Lord Halifax,' has since
become a commonplace ; but in Addison's
time " it was ridiculed," says Malone, " by
some of his contemporary writers as very
quaint and affected."
On one interesting passage we may add
to Dr. Hill's comments. In the ' Life of
Congreve ' Johnson selects for special
commendation a passage from ' The
Mourning Bride,' and says elsewhere
that nothing in Shakspeare was in the
same line of excellence so good. He
teased Garrick about it (Bos well's ' John-
son,' ii. 86, ed. G. B. Hill). Johnson's
own language in explaining the merit of
the passage is not very clear. What,
perhaps, he did mean, and what would
be true, is that Shakspeare has no such
commendation of castles, notable build-
ings, or any details of architecture as
appears in the lines : —
How reverend is the face of this tall pile ;
Whose ancient pillars rear their marble heads,
To bear aloft its arch'd and ponderous roof,
By its own weight made stedfast and immovable,
Looking tranquillity.
Garrick thought that it was mere defect
of memory which failed to produce a
similar passage in Shakspeare ; but he
was wrong. Shakspeare was, we presume,
familiar with the details of the Tower and
such fine castles as Warwick and Windsor ;
but appreciation of architecture is, in
fact, an art which did not come into fashion
till a later age than Shakspeare's.
Besides the abundant cross-references,
which render it easy to find without
trouble all that Johnson has to say on
any subject, the appendixes deserve
special notice. They are numerous, and
throw extra light on many points, disputed
or obscure. Thus Cowley, it is noted,
writes in his essay ' Of Greatness ' :
' When you have pared away all the
vanity, what solid and natural content-
ment does there remain which may not
be had with 500/. a year ? " Dr. Hill
adds that in Cowley's time 500/. a
year would be equal roughly to 2,000/. a
year now. Cowley contemplated retire-
ment in the .country ; so did Becky
Sharp. She, however, wanted 5,000/.
a year — not 500/., as FitzGerald says
(' Letters to Fanny Kemble,' p. 125) —
to be a good woman, water plants in the
garden, ask old women about their
rheumatism, and keep awake in the old
family pew.
Our own columns were evidently keenly
scrutinized by Dr. Hill and his successor,
for we find the notes we published on such
details as the funeral of Dryden and the
question whether Pope or Lyttelton
annotated Mitford's copy of ' The Seasons.'
Notes and Queries also supplies a good
many references, e.g., a refutation of
De Quincey's statement that Addison
knew nothing of Shakspeare, and abundant
denial of Savage's claims to noble birth.
Here is an amusing letter of Nell Gwyn's-
quoted from the same journal, Fourth
Series, vii. 3 : —
"My lord of Dorscit apiers wonse in thre
munths, for he drinkes aile with Shadwell
& Mr Haris at the Dukes house all day
long."
A final word must be devoted to the
exhaustive index. It is a worthy con-
clusion to a monumental edition, for it
occupies over a hundred pages of small,
close type. It is a model of its kind, and
ought to rouse authors and publishers to
a sense of their duties in this way when
they produce books of importance.
The Africander Land. By Archibald R.
Colquhoun. (John Murray.)
By putting together his experiences as
the Chartered Company's first adminis-
trator in Mashonaland some fifteen years
ago, and as a recent visitor to the same
district and other parts of South Africa
for over twenty months, Mr. Colquhoun
has been able to take the most com-
prehensive and well-informed survey we
have seen in print of the present condition
of the group of British colonies and pos-
sessions which he would prefer henceforth
to be known as Africanderland. His use
of the term is likely to be distasteful,
if not misleading, to the Dutch or Boer
inhabitants, and to other members of
Het Volk and the Bond who do not
recognize as Afrikaanders either the older
Kafir residents or the newer European
settlers. But Mr. Colquhoun shows an
honest desire that, with as little mis-
cegenation as possible, all sections of the
population should be harmoniously linked
in a " colonial nationality " as part of the
"world-empire" through which, he opines,
their " truest and freest destiny can be
worked out." He is a zealous Imperialist,
but he is notably fair and generous in
his estimates, and his plans for treat-
ment, of both Boers and Kafirs.
In the opening section of the book,
which he entitles ' Black South Africa,'
Mr. Colquhoun deals with many of the
questions raised in the weighty Report
of the South African Native Affairs Com-
mission which was issued last year, but
which appears thus far to have obtained
less notice than it deserves in this country ;
and he forcibly controverts some of the
recommendations of the Commissioners,
especially as regards measures for restrict-
ing the present opportunities of the natives
for acquiring land, for obtaining education
superior to that of mere hewers of wood
and drawers of water, and in other ways
escaping the position of a servile class.
Mr. Colquhoun evidently thinks, however,
that, provided they are not forced into it
01 cruelly treated while in it, a condition
of slavery, or of willing bondage tanta-
mount to slavery, is the one in which " the
negro races " can best promote their own
happiness and be most useful to white folk :
i»; i
tii E ath i;NM-:r m
1
N 408',, K,;b. 10, 1906
"In tin1 not altogether unfa\ ■uiirablc
training ground of slaver] on Southern
plantations the\ showed extraordinary
plasticity, developing us limine- ncrvnntH
and artisani into exsoth irhat was granted
<>f them by the luxury loving, extravagant,
hospitable, easj ^< >h»k Southern aristocracy.
....In lew happy surroundings on the
plantations, they developed powers of en-
durance arid hard work quite out of keeping
with their original character."
To that trite pica fur a revival of slavery
.Mr. Colquboun adds, with reference to
political rights, which are the basis of all
liberty, a precedent more novel than COH-
vincing, and not likely to be agreeable to
any ladies who may read bis book : —
"In Great Britain a large section of the
population — landowners, tax-payers, highly
educated, thoroughly qualified — are ad-
mitted to discharge any function of citizen-
ship save one. A well-founded prejudice
keeps men from giving women the fran-
chise, although they have practically ad-
mitted them to every other privilege in
the State. The women of Great Britain
. . . .occupy politically the same position
that I contend should be that of the natives
in South Africa."
Mr. Colquboun barely touches on the
Chinese labour difficulty, which appears,
in the opinion of many, to be the only
South African question of present import-
ance ; but in the ' White South Africa '
chapters that fill two-thirds of his volume
he gives, along with much else, an inter-
esting account of the progress or stagnancy
of the " Dutch Africanders," the abiding
influence upon them of their " taal," their
school surroundings and theology, and
the main peculiarities of their private and
public life. Severe in some of his strictures
on the Boers, he is no less outspoken in his
condemnation of much in the conduct and
character of the Englishmen and others
with whom he is in closer sympathy. Of
the significance of many of his remarks
and admissions he seems, indeed, to be
himself hardly aware. His disillusionment
as regards Rhodesia is, he confesses, com-
plete. Of the five hundred pioneers who
went there with him in 1890 (not 1900, as
he says on p. 293) " only about forty
remain in Rhodesia, some of them, sad
to say, because they have not the means
to get away." A few are " financially
flourishing " in connexion with gold com-
panies and company promotion, and
" there is one successful farmer." In
Buluwayo " the commanding figure of
Rhodes towers over deserted streets and
empty piles of buildings."
Rhodesia being doomed to failure
unless its agricultural possibilities can
ultimately be developed, Mr. Colqu-
houn's frank record of what he saw
may suggest that like risks attend
the much bolder and more far-reaching
enterprises of the same sort on the Rand.
The object of these enterprises is to
appropriate, as rapidly as possible, the
mineral wealth of the country, for the
profit of absentees, and meanwhile the
really productive and reproductive re-
sources of the soil, on which the old settlers
lived passably for three or four genera-
tions, are pottered over in as clumsy
and archaic a fashion as ever. Without
scientific help, unproved irrigation and
iin an of Communication, tin- -tamping
out of di-c.i . . in animal and plants, and
much ill-, no genuine advance of the
country i po ibfo, and the men who have
lately been controlling South African
affairs, in the older as well ss in the more
recent possessions, do much more to
hamper than help the Boers and Kafirs
in the agricultural and pastoral occupa-
tions which are essentia] to the pros-
perity of the Transvaal, much more of
Cape Colony and other parts
Mr. Colquboun says of the Johannes-
burg capitalists that, " not being, by
any means, all British, they do not
take Imperial interests into considera-
tion. It is notorious that many did not
desire the British flag over them " ; and
that they " are earning the undying dis-
like and suspicion of the permanent
population of South Africa." Such state-
ments and lamentations as these — and
they are plentiful in the volume — hardly
bear out the author's optimism. ' The
volume, indeed, is as full of warning as of
information, and the lessons it conveys
are summed up in what would have been
its concluding sentence, had not two
somewhat redundant chapters been added
under the title ' On the Knees of the
Gods ' :—
"If the capitalist were less selfish, the
Imperialist more sympathetic, the farmers
more progressive and open to ideas, the
religious world less given to bigotry, the
British and Dutch alike less prejudiced and
with a more enlightened patriotism for their
great country — and if, failing all these moral
improvements, they were all a little more
practical in trying to promote the general,
and not the sectional, interests of the
country — then we might hope, not for the
millennium but for some measure of that
happiness and prosperity for this beautiful
country which she might reasonably expect
to see."
Life of Froude. By Herbert Paul. (Pit-
man & Sons.)
We know by this time pretty much what
to expect from Mr. Paul. Whether he
calls his books history, criticism, or bio-
graphy, the method and the substance
will be very much the same. Bright and
rapid writing, with little suggestion of
anything subtle or profound ; obiter dicta,
terse, epigrammatic, and frequently acrid,
which display the author's mind on most
conceivable topics ; a certain intellectual
hardness which approaches intolerance
of all that seems to him obscurantist,
clerical, or stupid ; a style lucid as clever-
ness can make it, and fluent as the most
speedy reporter could desire — in a word,
the impressions of a journalist above all
things up to date, informed by the tele-
phone rather than thought — are what we
anticipate.
In this case we are not disappointed.
We get exactly what we are accustomed
to get from the author. We certainly get
nothing more. He does not bring us
much nearer to the understanding of his
subject ; and he tells us little that is new.
His book is a series of essays about
Fronde; it i- in no tense a biography,
like Froude*! own work on Carlyle m
Mi Creighton'i Life of bet husband.
He talk- about Frond- M his
critics, pleads not guilty very eloquently
to the charges made again.-t him. playB
the part throughout Of S skilful advocate,
with many of the advocate's runes ; but
he never once maket at feel the man, or
take- us into the inner chambers of per-
sonality. A small number of extracts from
letters are printed. -<>me of them of con-
siderable interest. To those persons*
like a purely external treatment, or, as
Mr. Paul says of Fronde's history, "for the
multitude who read books for relaxation,
who want to have their facts clearly stated,
and their thinking done for them," this
book will be pleasant and perhaps
profitable. We do not think it will at;
the ultimate verdict of time on Froude
as an historian, a biographer, or a political
pamphleteer.
As it is the historical work of Froude
that made his title to fame, it is best to
speak of this first. The writer's metbod
is very simple. It is a case of " abuse
the plaintiff's attorney." He takes the
exaggeration of the truth that history
ought to be scientific, as stated by Prof.
Bury, and makes game of all, or nearly
all, who treat the subject seriously. It is
fair to say that history is neither an art
nor a science, because it is both. But it
is not merely unfair, it is simply " to give
oneself away," to talk as Mr. Paul does
about Stubbs and Gardiner. We doubt
whether any man could read a single
volume of the latter without feeling more
at home with the life of the seventeenth
century than a diligent reader of Macaulay,
despite the blaze and brilliance of that
inspired journalist. Can one really con-
demn Stubbs by saying that the under-
graduates did not enjoy his lectui-
Did they enjoy Jebb's, we wonder ?
Mr. Paul's acquaintance with Acton,
whose memoir he wrote, should have
preserved him from the superficiality of
judgment displayed whenever historical
method is discussed.
Secondly, we find great play made
with the admitted bad manners of Free-
man. No one now, we imagine, defends
all that the latter said, or denies the
dignity of Froude's rebuke of " the in-
excusable insult.'* But the case against
Froude as an historian rests on stronger
foundations than Mr. Paul scorns aware of.
The present reviewer is not likely to forget
the impression made on him by Lecky's
notes to his ' History of Ireland.' If
they do not prove that Froude was guilty
of something very like deliberate garbling
of authorities, it is hard to sec what would
prove it. On the sixteenth century, too,
there are living authorities like Mr.
Gairdner, whoso claim to be considered
is at least important. But Froude was
a good Protestant, and wrote a book
which was deliberately designed to support
the " No Popery " cry. and to justify the
prejudice against the Middle Ages ; and
so Mr. Paul thinks no words too high to
praise the history, although as a Home
Ruler he cannot quite swallow ' The
N°4085, Feb. 10, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
165
English in Ireland.' The supreme defect
of Froude is that he studied history
merely in order to get up a case, and took
his ideas into it, instead of getting them
from it. We say this while admitting to
the full the art and charm of the history,
and denying in toto the doctrine that an
historian is only likely to be sound if he
is dull. The test of dullness, however, is
not the dilettante reader's mind, but the
interest of those who want to learn the
truth. Philosophers are not always dull ;
yet the " general reader " would hardly
digest so brilliant a book as Mr. Bradley's
' Appearance and Reality,' and might
even boggle at Nietzsche or Bishop
Berkeley.
The treatment of the Carlyle biography
is on a similar scale. Mr. Paul finds it
convenient to ignore the recent additions
to that wearisome controversy, which
certainly do not improve the position of
Froude. And though we think less than
justice was done to Froude — for the
portrait of Carlyle was real, convincing,
and lovable, whatever popular opinion
might say — it is impossible to acquit him
of artificially deepening the shadows, and
of a carelessness that had very serious
results.
It is noteworthy that of ' Oceana ' and
the books on the West Indies Mr. Paul
says nothing. Perhaps he thought that
nothing was to be said. We always under-
stood that they were supposed to be as
inaccurate as Froude's other work, and
even more prejudiced. We pointed out
in reviewing ' Oceana ' the very comfort-
able nature of Froude's progress, which
made for uninquiring optimism.
Froude's writings are all of a piece.
They display the same characteristic
merits, the same astounding defects.
From ' The Nemesis of Faith ' down to
the life of Disraeli, Froude's style never
ceased to have that extraordinary power
of carrying the reader along " by a breeze
which never swells into a gale and never
drops into a calm," which is as much
superior to the rhetoric of Macaulay as
Macaulay himself was to Hallam. About
'The Nemesis of Faith,' that half-for-
gotten sensation of 1849, Mr. Paul says a
little. He condemns both the book and
its burning by Sewell, which was referred
to in a note we published a fortnight ago,
and was certainly an indefensible act.
The book, as Hort said, is of deep interest
in spite of its faults, and here, for once,
we think more highly of the author than
his biographer. But from first to last
Froude wrote as a partisan, not an
inquirer ; while some of his methods
— such as his abuse of More and Fisher,
and his apotheosis of Lord Clare —
can be paralleled by Mr. Paul's own
allusions to Campion, already deservedly
stigmatized in this journal. Froude will
always remain an interesting writer ; and
his work at Simancas was pioneer work
of the best kind. But a trustworthy
guide through one of the most critical of
epochs he will never be. The reason is
that the very antithesis is true of what
Mr. Paul asserts : " He was devoid of
theological prejudice."
The Political History of England. — Vol. III.
1216-1377. By T. F. Tout. (Long-
mans & Co.)
There are some who regret the good old
time when the historian planned his
history in twelve volumes and wrote the
twelve volumes himself. They tell us
that the individual is lost nowadays in
the group-person, and that history is
" run " by joint-stock companies with a
limited liability. The age of the cathe-
dral-builders is over, and we no longer
have the cheerful optimism of the old
woman who bought a raven to see if it
would five a hundred years. We are
fallen on degenerate days, when the finest
intellect must be caged in a publisher's
series, and have its wings clipped by the
editor of the publisher's choice. And yet
the strict definiteness of serial discipline
can give us something in exchange for what
we lose. It has given us — and the system
is thereby excused — the noble work which
is before us for review. If it be no com-
plete cathedral, it is a beautifully propor-
tioned " galilee," in which the devotion
of the architect to his art is worthily
manifested. There are here the strength
and sanity, the range and the learned
accuracy, of a Stubbs. Even Stubbs was
prisoned once within the fetters of a series :
we buy his ' Early Plantagenets ' for
half-a-crown, and we cannot regret the
stern material exigencies which forced on
the creation of that perfect little work.
We learn from Stubbs, as we learn from
Prof. Tout, that the publisher's " stone
walls do not a prison make " if the crafts-
man who works within them has sought
his inspiration and found his discipline
outside, in a schooling which recks not
of human limitations, and believes that
" Man has Forever." Just as Stubbs gave
of his best when asked for the " fcp. 8vo,"
so now Prof. Tout gives of his best to fill
the required " demy 8vo." It is history
of the best kind, opening up to English
readers, young and old, sources hitherto
sealed. French and German learning, the
treasures of the chronicle and record, are
here, and that minute knowledge of
family and topographical detail without
which no historian's grasp is firm and
steady. What work for the Rolls Series
was for Stubbs, work for the ' Dictionary
of National Biography ' has been for Prof.
Tout ; we have in the present volume a
harvest of the fruits won by long toil in
fields harder of tillage than the chronicles.
Would that the Rolls Series could reopen
its work ! for it is obvious that in Prof.
Tout we should have a good editor, and
there are chronicles still to edit.
The advantage of Prof. Tout's minute
acquaintance with the subjects of thir-
teenth-century biography is seen in the
many characteristic touches which reveal
intimacy — an intimacy which brings the
subordinate characters in the historical
procession as realities before the reader.
There is no striving after picturesqueness,
but there is no dullness, no lack of care
to breathe life into the dry bones. The
style is severe, ungraceful, and at times
even ungainly; but whether it be battle
or diplomacy, literature or language,
mediaeval life or institution, that is the
subject of the description (and " Political
History " has been given wide bounds),
every sentence goes straight to the point
and leaves a definite impression : nothing
is saic1 that could be spared ; nothing
is there for decoration. A very large part
of the book is first-hand work, the out-
come not only of many inquiries on special
questions, the results of which have
already been made known, but in part
also of researches, the details of which
will appear hereafter. The maps, the
appendix on authorities, and the terse
foot-notes, in support of statements based
on recent contributions to special subjects,
chiefly foreign, would alone make the book
of value. It is indispensable to teachers
and to the taught. In military history
no stronger work has been produced :
the relations of England and France have
never been so minutely studied by any
English writer, or by any one French
writer ; in most matters connected with
Welsh history Prof. Tout is again the
first in the field.
The book satisfies fully the require-
ments of the editors' scheme, which are
ambitious enough : it marks definitely
the lines of advance made in English
history by recent research. Very rarely
is the author content to dress up afresh
an old familiar tale ; very rarely does his
minute care flag. Contempt for mental
slovenliness peeps out occasionally in the
text, when erroneous statements are, with
all due restraint, chastised. On the legal
side and on the ecclesiastical side there is
less of strength, because here Prof. Tout
writes as one avIio has not worked deeply
upon the texts. But we have trust-
worthy guides, and these are followed.
There are some curious grammatical
errors ; and here and there an error of
fact in matters sufficiently familiar has
escaped the editorial eye. One error of
real importance is the ascription of
arbitrary power to the *' Warden " of
London, who was appointed by the King
when the citizens were deprived of the
right to elect a Mayor. There was nothing
in the nature of a dictatorship in his office :
the City Letter- Books show him sitting
in council and acting exactly as the
Mayor was accustomed to act. To
suggest that London could be treated
by Edward I. like a modern St. Peters-
burg argues a want of appreciation of
the importance of the constitutional
history of London. Until the fourteenth
century the King usually chose as Warden
the Constable of the Tower ; the system was
that which Edward introduced into Wales.
as Prof. Tout notices, where the constable
of the castle was ex officio mayor. In
proper names there is much evidence of
care ; but English Christian names accom-
pany French titles, and in some cases the
reasons determining the Uc",!'"> " de " in
preference to " of, and g f* versa, are
not evident. The index iff* excellent, con-
trasting favourably with that of Mi-.
Davis's volume, which, first-rate in many
ways, is eclipsed in most respects by Prof.
Tout's where they cover the same ground.
16C
Til E ATI! EN-fiUM
\ 1085, I*i i:. 10, 1906
NEW NOVELS.
/ ■ at Honey pot. Bj Marj E. .Mann.
(Methuen A Co.)
In the i rowd "f contemporary novelista a
discerning taste singles out Mra. Mann aa
conspicuous For ease and fluency and for
a Hghl and graceful humour. Bhe com-
mingles Bentimenl and corned) so dexter-
ously aa i" make an appeal to mere
humanity ah* aj b and everywhere. What-
ever be tier theme, Bhe is frankly human,
warm-blooded, and sympathetic. We do
not much care for her present subject,
which seems to be a little away from her
proper world, yet we cannot but admire
her handling of it. For some reason or
other, novelists have resolved to press
I ome the iniquity of the East Anglian
peasant. Mrs. Mann, however, does it
very sympathetically. Even so Dan Jag-
gerd is an ugly, even a monstrous, figure,
who. we are asked to believe, kills off his
children for the sake of the insurance
money. Is the East Anglian peasant of
fiction real \ That is the question such
tales as this and those of Mr. James Blyth
evoke. But apart from that Mrs. Mann's
pleasant sense of romance flows in an
urbane stream through these pages. Rose
is wilful, foolish, somewhat undignified,
pretty, and wholly feminine. It takes a
woman (and a clever woman) to draw
Rose. And her relations with the hand-
some silent gamekeeper are most skil-
fully managed. Indeed, this book is
peopled with live human beings, who
interest us. And we finish the story with
a strong feeling of regret, and a desire to
shake Rose mildly. As we have sug-
gested, the theme is not one of Mrs.
Mann's most happy choices ; but the
management exhibits her at her best,
which is very good indeed.
lis really lo* clai characters and io hi descriptions of scenery, written more than
book ia worth reading partii ularlj foi the
Bl udenl <>t London.
The Spoilers. By Edwin Pugh. (Newnes.)
In this curious and clever novel Mr. Pugh
has sought to combine uncompromising
realism with a kind of genial, humorous,
sentimental caricature of life. Upon the
whole, the story is successful, but its
success is rather despite than because of
the combination referred to. The book
would have been better without the
sections of Dickensiana which are inserted
among genuine studies of the nether-
world of London : and that because the
first named are not real — they are fustian,
pinchbeck, a careful imitation. On his
central character, a newly released convict
on ticket-of-leave. who takes up his abode
with an old " fence," and steals the affec-
tions of a girl who is engaged to a preacher
and reformed thief — a careful and exact
study — the author is to be congratulated.
The ex-convict s adventures are unsavoury
in the ex'idxee, but the sketch of the man
i- interest i vg, because it is absolutely real.
There is not much art in the volume. Mr.
Pugh's literary judgment is faulty, and
he is weak in construction, but there is
vivid photography ; the author's stock of
thieves' slang is notable. There is no
make-believe in Mr. Pugh's handling of
l'h< Choia of Emdia. By Adeline Ber-
nit. (.John Long.)
Tin: heroine of the late Mi-- Sergeant's
QOVel makes an unfortunate choice. The
thoughtful reader may consider it a mean-
ingless one also. BoWevet this may he.
we cannot consider the tale of In i •
a successful enterprise. The author was
hardly an artist in words, still we know
better stories of hers. The winding up
here almost suggests a weaker and Less
expei ienced touch.
The Lady Noggs, Peeress. By Edgar
Jepson. (Fislier Unwin.)
This series of scenes may pass nowadays,
we suppose, as a novel. "Noggs" was
really the Lady Felicia Grandison, the
niece and ward of a Prime Minister. Being
in the wild and short-skirted age and
vividly beautiful, she is represented as
doing what she) likes with everybody,
including her governess and the Prime
Minister's secretary, who are paired off at
the end of the story. Her method of
apologizing to the male adult is to pull
his hair ; her female attendants rarely
attempt to follow her movements till she
is out of sight. Given these circum-
stances, "Noggs" has a high time, and
her largely farcical adventures are dis-
tinctly diverting. But her universal
tyranny is absurd, and though she nearly
always does good in her odd way, the
weakness of her guardians and others
whom she outwits is sufficiently incredible.
Mr. Jepson has done much better, and
perhaps the fact that the book has been
running as a magazine serial, though not
stated within its covers, conveys a just
idea of its limitations. Still, it is fair to
say that Mr. Jepson writes very much
better than the average producer of
" serials."
La Belle Dame. By Alice Methley. (John
Long.)
Perfectly polite and absolutely sans
merci, though not sa ns .reproach, is the
Belle Dame of this story. Her one weak-
ness is a not absolutely overwhelming
affection for her unattractive son. The
strongest springs in her nature are love
of wealth and luxury and a passion for
precious stones. This remorseless lady,
finding her brother-in-law's continued
existence a menace and an obstacle to
her schemes, murders him by means of
hot coffee and a tabloid. Others also
have to suffer the penalty of her clever
misdeeds and accumulative propensities.
Mon Onrlc Flo. By Andre Theuriet.
(Paris. Flammarion.)
It is a pity to find the title of Academician
at the head of such work as is contained
in M. Theuriet's ' Mon Oncle Flo.' Some
tlnit, yeai are framed in a silly
/. /■' linn Voleur. By Jules Mary.
I' • Tallandier.)
Tin ai) oU-faahioned 'ion
HOVeJ," in which "all comes Mu'lit at
last.'' It is good of its kind, and, at
such, to be commended.
ORIENTAL LITERATURE.
The Brhad-eU vata : a Summary
Deities and Myths of tfu Rig-Veda. I
ally edited in the Original Sanskrit, with
an Introduction and Seven Appendic*
translated into English with Critical i.
Qlustrative Not'- by Arthur Anthi
Macdonell. (Cambridge, Mass., Har\
rjiuVersity.) — The great importance
the ' Brhad-devata ' for Vedic criti-i-
and for the history of early Sanskrit
literature generally, lias always been rec
nized by Sanskrit scholars, some of I
most distinguished of whom have at <
time or another entertained the idea
of editing the text. Among these may be-
mentioned Adalbert Kuhn. Max Mulhr.
Dr. Thibaut. and Prof. Lanman, who, aa
general editor of the " Harvard Oriental
Series." entrusted to Prof. Macdonell the
fulfilment of the task for which he had
himself collected some materials.
Every student of these volumes, the
editing and printing; of which well maintain
the high standard of excellence of this
series, will agree that Prof. Macdonell is to-
be heartily congratulated on his success
in overcoming the very considerable diffi-
culties which stood in the way of any attempt
to form a satisfactory text and elucidate
the subject-matter. This succe-s is due
partly to the wealth of MS. material which
he has been able to bring together, but more
particularly to the special studies which he
has made in the literature of the early p
Vedic period, previous fruits of which have
appeared in his edition of the ' Sarvfumkra-
mani ' and similar works.
The sub-title, ' A Summary of the Deities-
and Myths of the Rig-Veda,' gives little
indication of the real interest attaching
the ' Brhad-devata ' as a literary monument.
In the first place, it can be dated with a fair
degree of precision, holding as it doe- a
position between Yaska's ' Xirukta ' (c. ."><>(►
b.c), from which its language and termino-
logy are largely borrowed, and Katyaya:
' Sarv.inukramani ' (not later than c. 350 B.C.)
in which its own influence i< seen to an even
greater extent. We therefore possess in it
what i> of great importance for the historv
of early Indian literature, a fairly definite
landmark. Further, its contents by n»
means consist merely of barren lists: for
some of the legends referred to are narrated
at length in precisely the same style, and
with the same peculiarities of grammar,
vocabulary, and metre, as the great epic
poems. They form, in fact, our earlier
datable example-, of the epic style, and supply
important evidence for determining the date
of the earlier portions of the ' Mahabhiirata.'
As Prof. Macdonell suggests, they an- well
worthy of more minute Study from this point
of view, and a comparison with the language
of the epics might lead to important chrono-
logical results. In any case, the evidence
of the ' Hrhad-devata ' surely makes it
impossible any longer to hold the extra-
ordinary view according to which the
' Mahabharata ' and ' Ramayana ' were
N°408:>, Feb. Hi, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
167
translated into Sanskrit from some popular
•dialect in about the fourth or fifth century
of the Christian era.
The great advance which this edition
marks in the study of the ' Brhad-devata '
can only be fully realized when it is compared
with the earlier edition of Rajendralala
Mitra in the " Bibliotheca Indica " (1889-
1892). Such a comparison is facilitated
by the admirable arrangement which Prof.
Macdonell has adopted in placing the
text with introduction and appendixes in
one volume, and the translation, with
•critical and illustrative notes immediately
•after each s'loka, in the other, in such
•a manner that the reader is able to see
«t a glance the text and all the material
both for its justification and its inter-
pretation. It would be invidious to insist
■on the many difficulties and shortcomings
which are apparent in the earlier edition,
for these were, no doubt, in a great measure
■due to the lack of materials which have
since been brought together : it is enough
to note that, in the new edition, only some
half-dozen doubtful passages still remain.
To have attained such a result in the case
of a text of unusual difficulty is a real
triumph.
Bhagavad-Glta, ; or, the Lord's Song.
Translated by Lionel D. Barnett. " Temple
■Classics." (Dent & Co.) — The sciolist has
in recent years taken possession of the
domain of Indian religion, so far as its
popular presentation is concerned, to such
a degree that it is with more than ordinary
pleasure that we welcome an English trans-
lation of a Sanskrit sacred text which, while
primarily intended to be popular in character,
is nevertheless the work of a thoroughly
competent scholar. Translations of the
* Bhagavad-Glta ' into the various modern
languages of Europe are by no means few
in number ; but it may be stated of them
generally that those which are scholarly are
not adapted for popular use, and those
which are professedly popular are scarcely
worthy of serious consideration. The
' Bhagavad-Glta ' is essentially a book the
very difficulties of which can only be appre-
ciated by one who has made a wide and
deep study of Indian philosophy. Such
preliminary knowledge of the various systems
of thought as is absolutely necessary for the
comprehension of this philosophical poem is
given, clearly and concisely, by Dr. Barnett
in the introduction to his translation. This
introduction in itself forms a very useful and
convenient resume of a difficult subject ; and
some of its sections — notably those on ' The
Cult of Vishnu-Krishna and Vasudeva ' and
* The Yoga in the Bhagavad-Glta. ' — will not
be read without profit even by professed
■students of Indian philosophy. The diffi-
culty of finding words that will adequately
express philosophical conceptions is noto-
rious. It is evident from the barbarous
creations of our own philosophers ; it is
still more evident when the attempt is
actually made to express in a modern
language ideas which are themselves alien
to modern thought. It would, therefore,
naturally be easy to question the fitness of
seme of the English equivalents which Dr.
Barnett in his translation assigns to Sanskrit
philosophical terms ; but it must be con-
fessed that, in most cases, it would not be
easy to suggest anything more satisfactory.
His rendering of the constantly occuring
yoga, for instance, by the colourless word
" rule," which scarcely bears the same con-
notation, does not, at first sight, commend
itself; but the difficulty is only realized
when the attempt is made to find a single
English equivalent for a term which, as
Dr. Barnett remarks, is used in the ' Bhaga-
vad-Glta ' " to cover all the fields of activity
traversed by the human soul in its quest of
this goal (i.e. final bliss)."
The ' Bhagavad-Glta ' is the best-known
product of that school of thought which
alone gave to India a personal religion. In
its tenets of " duty " and " Divine Love "
it approaches far more closely than any
other to the doctrines of the Old and New
Testaments. It has, therefore, a special
interest for Western readers, amongst whom
Dr. Barnett's excellent little book should
meet with a cordial reception.
Precis de Grammaire Palie. Par Victor
Henry. (Paris, Ecole Francaise d'Extreme
Orient.) — Pali, as Prof. Victor Henry well
observes, may be learnt in two ways. If
studied by itself and apart from Sanskrit,
it will appear to the student to consist of
unreasonable rules and exasperating anoma-
lies ; if studied in conjunction with Sanskrit,
by far the greater number of rules and
apparent anomalies will alike be seen to
admit of an intelligent etymological explana-
tion. There can surely be few practical
teachers, or few self-taught students, who
have had actual experience of these two
ways, who will not cordially agree with M.
Henry that the latter is by far the more
satisfactory, and, in the end, probably also
the easier, even though it involves the
acquisition to some extent of two languages
instead of one. Some who were schoolboys
in the seventies will remember how, after
learning Latin and French unintelligently
for years, an entirely new interest in both
languages was awakened in them by
Brachet's Public School French Grammar,
where much that seems incomprehensible
in the forms and inflexions of French
receives a natural explanation by reference
to Latin. A similar enlightenment awaits
the student who embarks on the study of
Pali under Prof. Henry's direction. His
method is strictly historical and strictly
scientific, in so far as he treats all forms
and inflexions from the point of view of
development, and in accordance with the
established principles of comparative philo-
logy. This volume, therefore, assumes that
the student has already acquired some
knowledge of Sanskrit grammar, and con-
stantly refers to the author's ' Elements
de Sanscrit Classique,' which appeared in
the same series. The first portion of the
book — about one-third of the whole — is very
properly devoted to the phonetics of the
Pali language ; and the remainder is occu-
pied with a presentation, both lucid and
thorough, of the declensional and conjuga-
tional forms. From the beginning to the
end, the interest of the student is sustained
by a carefully graduated selection of extracts
from Pali literature in prose and verse, the
translation of which, even at the earliest
stage, will present no great difficulties when
once some facility has been attained in the
use of the two keys supplied — the Pali-
Sanskrit and the Sanskrit-French vocabu-
laries. M. Henry's ' Precis ' is undoubtedly
by far the best introduction to the study of
Pali which has yet appeared. It affords a
welcome illustration of the fact that ancient
classical languages not only admit of a
strictly scientific treatment, but also gain
enormously in interest when they are so
studied.
SHOOTING AND HINTING.
Two handsome volumes on Big Game
Shooting, by various contributors, have
been added to the "Country Life Library
of Sport " (Offices of Country Life and ( leorge
Newnes). They arc well turned out : tin
type is good, and the illustrations, lavishly
supplied, are fully up to the high standard
s?t by the series. The illustrations are, of
course, on loaded paper, which tends to
make the book heavy ; but in most cases
there is an illustration on each side of the
page, so that one gets two full-page pictures
for each loaded leaf.
Vol. i. deals with the sporting rifle, and
the big game of Europe and America ; vol. ii.
with the big game*of Africa and Asia. The
rifle is well described, the subject being in
the capable hands of Major the Hon. T. F.
Fremantle, whose book on the weapon is a
recognized authority. The various changes
from solid spherical bullets hammered down
a muzzle-loader, through elongated bullets
of many patterns and the express system of
thirty years ago, to the small bores of to-day,
with their low trajectory and remarkable
energy, are sufficiently traced. The relative
advantages of double and single rifles for
sporting purposes are considered, Major
Fremantle inclining (and generally we
agree with him) to the single barrel with a
magazine. But a good deal depends on
the game to be faced, for when it is dangerous
and at close quarters a double rifle is prefer-
able. Indeed, for any considerable sporting
trip after big game both rifles are required :
a double for extra-heavy or dangerous
game, and a couple of magazine small-bore
rifles for ordinary use. Telescopic sights
are mentioned as excellent for stalking, and
specially good for long shots, and are, it
seems, at the present time coining more
generally into use. Messrs. Ross add a few
pages on the subject of sporting telescopes
— not those fixed to the rifle, but for spying
purposes. There is no doubt that" a good
glass is a most important item of outfit, for,
in addition to its use in finding game, it
enables the sportsman to decide at a great
distance whether to stalk or to try else-
where.
European big game includes the red deer
of Scotland and the park red deer of England,
the latter showing remarkably the beneficial
effect of good living. The heads of some of
the stags of Warnham Court seem to ap-
proach in weight and points those of the
best continental preserves. Red deer, rein-
deer, and the elk of Norway are described,
and a chapter is devoted to the chamois of
Central and Southern Europe. Mr. Hodg-
son, who writes this chapter, mentions that
in Austria the -450 Express is generally
used ; this seems an unnecessarily largo-
bore for so small an animal.
American big game is treated under the
heads moose, wapiti, caribou, muledeer,
blacktail, whitetail, sheep, bears, and musk
ox, for the most part by men who have
already written on the subjects. Some of t ho
authors (unfortunately, we think) continue
to misname the animals, following local
custom, which there is reason to hope is
giving way before better knowledge. There
were signs of this in some recent American
books, and it is a pity, in books which may
be used for reference, to perpetuate errors,
and even describe two different animals
under one name. This practice is by no
means confined to America, though perhaps
it is more developed there than elsewhere.
The newer, and therefore more interesting,
chapters of this part of the volume are those
dealing with the game of Alaska : and the
final one, on American and Canadian game
laws, by Mr. I'hillipps-Wolloy. deserves
attention. In the United States the neces-
sity for good game laws stringently enforced
is being recognized, whereas in Canada tho
laws may be ample, but they are habitually
disregarded. The wholesale destruction of
game of all sorts for commercial purposes
L68
TB E A Til KX.KI'M
N 1085, I'm;. 10, 1906
in the Dominion has been the subject ol
outspoken comment in the pre
Wlnl -i i <n the subject of game law h it may
bi irell to add ■ «<>nl of caution, [n Africa
anil Mi trictions and stringent laws,
i upled with heavj licences, have been
Introduced, i»ut nol always with the oar<
niul diaoretion that were desirable. Con-
sequently in some oasee tin measures have
itroved to In- unnecessarily vexatious t<>
English sportamen, whilst the chief destroyer
of game escapes. Mr. Bryden, in vol. ii..
writing <>f Africa, Bays : —
N ..in- whlu-s to Bee tli'- un i Africa
proteoted from extinction more ardently than the
writer, lint beyond all question, it is not the
British gunner who shoots nowadays who i^
thr culprit in this reaped The man who is
exterminating tin- game of Africa is thr African
himself, wh , armed with ii oheap gun, is dealing
destruction daily and hourly, tor ever creeping
about thr bush, and, with endless patience,
manGBUvring until he ran gain a certain shot.''
Mr. Hutchinson, In an editorial note, cor-
roborates this, and adds that in Alaska the
Indians and others who kill the game for
sale are the chief offenders. The question
is very complicated, and we can only suggest
that, as some success has attended President
Roosevelt's steps towards preservation of
game, it might be desirable for our officers
to study what lie has done.
It is unnecessary to follow Mr. Bryden
closely in his treatment of the various
animals which people shoot in Africa for
6port. There are the dangerous sort, and
those of the deer and antelope species,
many of which are not so handsome as an
ordinary Jersey cow. nor more attractive to
a sportsman. With reference to some of
those creatures, which certainly are not
sheep, the terms " ram " and ewe " are
used for the male and female ; they are
inappropriate, and the terms " buck " and
" doe "' are available.
Asiatic sport is described by Major C. S.
Cumberland, who has perhaps as wide a
knowledge of the varieties to be met with
as any other man. Some of his experience
is a little out of date, and the -500 Henry
Express single rifle is a weapon rather for
the museum than for the field. He is a
good and safe guide, though occasionally
his sentences might be improved : " soft-
nosed bullets burning nitro powder " sounds
strange. Nevertheless the major is a charm-
ing companion, whether after O. poll on
the Pamirs, 0. amnion in the Altai, stags in
Turkistan and Kashmir, or tigers in the
Terai.
The final chapter, on big-game shooting
in Burma, by Mr. Cuming, is instructive.
The country is less known than India, and
the thick jungle retards exploration.
President Roosevelt not only takes his
full share of such sport as his country affords,
but also takes the world into his confidence
and sets forth his experiences under the title
of Outdoor Pastimes of an American Hunter
(Longmans). In this hook we read how
the cougar or puma (/•'. concohr, Lin.) is
bunted with a well-trained scratch pack :
next, a hear hunt in Colorado during last
spring, also with hounds, is described; wolf-
coursing and a shot at mountain sheep follow ;
and then eonie very interesting chapters on
the reserve, the Yellowstone Park ; hooks
on l»ig game; and the final chapter, 'At
Home ' — all well told. and. so far as we know,
new. The rest of the hook, approximately
one-third, has already been published in a
volume of "The American Sportsman's
Library" called 'The Deer Family." and
as that was reviewed in The Athenceum of
August 9th, 1902. it is unnecessary to repeat
the remarks then made. It is stated after
t In < <>nt. nt - ' 1 1 mt Bve of the eleven chai
have heei i recently written, the others having
I" en i ' \ i -• d and added to lince they appeared
in the publications ol the Boone and Crockett
Club and the nho\e mentioned hooh. It in
a measure puroha an ol 'The Deer Family '
may regret to find so much of it reproduced,
there are tWO main points here which may
well he emphasized ■ first, tin i for
the preservation of game; and second,
the value of shooting and camping out,
especially when alter Big game, as training
for soldiers. The illust rat Jons ate numi '■
and well selected ; they are from photographs
some of which were taken by Mr. Koosevelt
or members of his family.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
The History of Co-operation. By George
Jacob Holyoake. 2 vols. (T. Fisher Uhwin.)
— These two handsome volumes form a fitting
memorial of the veteran reformer, who was
at work upon them to the very last, the
preface having been written but a few days
before his death. In this he states that
" other histories on this subject will be
written, but, whatever their merits may be,
they cannot be written by any one caring
more for co-operation than myself." Holy-
oake, as is well known, was deeply versed
in the subject from the days of the Koch-
dale Pioneers, so that his " story of this
movement is that of an eyewitness." He
was an eyewitness who knew well how to
describe all he saw, and the " Pioneers "
and subsequent workers are vividly brought
before us.
As we gave appreciative reviews of this
work when the first edition, published by
Triibner, appeared {Athenozum, August 14th,
1875, and February 22nd, 1879), we need
only refer to the third portion, which brings
the history down to the present time. In
this the growth of the societies is shown.
The first in magnitude is that of Manchester,
which employs in all its departments 15,000
persons, with annual sales amounting to
20,000,000/., the banking turn-over being
87,000,0002. The Leeds Industrial Society
can boast of having the largest store of all.
This association was founded on account of
the adulteration and dearness of flour, and
from these evils the co-operators delivered
the town. The society celebrated its jubilee
in 1897. and has now 49,340 members. Mr.
Holyoake in 1866 wrote the history of the
Halifax Society to that date, and dedicated
the volume to Horace Greeley. In 1901 this
society had as many as thirty -four branches.
Mr. Holyoake regards co-operative stores
as divisible into three classes. " Dark "
stores are those which give no share of profits
to those they employ, " give credit— which
keeps up the habit of indebtedness in their
members — and have no education fund in
their rules." " Twilight " stores are those
which have some features, hut not all, of
what Mr. Holyoake styles the " Sunrise "
stores, which
"have the cardinal features of ready -money dealing,
provision lor intelligence, and who give the same
dividend on the wages of all their employes as
they give to the consumer who purchases at their
counter. If 'Sunrise' stores increase, it will l>c
owing to the Women's (iuilds. when they under-
stand what true co-operation means."
There is a store of this kind in Manchester.
It was started in ls.v.) with 111 members
and a capital of 289.. In 1872 it took the
name of Equitable, and began to share
profits with its employees; these now num-
ber 600. and they have from that date to
March. 1905. received 20,6811., while the
ety ha- spent on educational pur|>oses
1 1 '»io/ I- capital at that date
221,5501., and rti roll of memben 16,521,
w bile 1 1n- j early -ah - average .'!7'
ita foundation ii business has l
i" aily '.i. /. Mr. Holyoake ha
the Statistics oi twenty nine of the chief
\\ b have made totals of these, and
find tin- following results: number of
members, » 7 ' • . * • 7 7 : annual profit- ;.!/.;
grants to education, 20,2382.; number of
• - i mployed, 82,078.
Tin- journal representing the co-opei
movement is 77. < Co-operatim Newt, which
i sale of 71,ooo. H - capital being held by
:;_■ i oci
Tie- volume-, give us occasional tdimpaes
of co-operative work on the Continent.
M. Larouche Joubert stated at the I
- held at Bolton in 1872 that the
Co-operative Paper Manufactory made a
profit of 20,000/. between June, 1870,
and June, 1871 — a surprising amount at
that disastrous period for France. R-
ence is also made to " the magnifi
Emporium Store " erected in Milan, where
in 1886 Signor Luigi Buffoli founded the
Unione Co-operativa among railway men.
The building has a frontage of 300 feet ;
there are three marble arches, and in letters
of gold are inscribed on these the names of
Owen, Holyoake, and Neale.
We cannot praise too highly this record,
interesting alike to those studying the special
subject treated and to the general reader.
Mr. Holyoake has in a note acknowledged
his indebtedness to his daughter, Mrs.
Holyoake Marsh, and to bis amanuensis.
Miss Amy Baum, " for assiduous reading
of the proofs when sustained attention by
him was impossible."
Mr. Charles Whibley's study of William
Pitt (Blackwood) is both eloquent in style
and well informed as to fact. In opinion it
errs occasionally in the direction of over-
emphasis. Much of it consists in a refuta-
tion of Macaulay, and no doubt the essayist
lived too close to the French Revolution,
and was too much under the influence of
the Fox tradition, to be an impartial judge
of "the pilot that weather'd the suarm."
Mr. Whibley makes the scales oscillate too
violently to the other side, and is too fond
of the words " traitor " and " treachery."
Thus the Allies are accused of having
" treacherously wasted " the hardly gathered
millions of Pitt. The censure may possibly
hold good with regard to the timid and
tortuous policy of Prussia. But Austria, if
slow to move, held out with a constancy
much to be admired. She did not conclude
the Treaty of Campo Formio until after
the abandonment of the first Coalition by
Prussia, Spain, and Sardinia. Marengo and
Luneville brought her to her knees in 1801,
and Austerlitz in 1805, before she would
consent to peace. We are asked, too, to
regard Grenville as " guilty of a baseness
rare even in the annals of polit ical treachery "
when he declined to join Pitt's last Ministry.
That degree of invective should be reserved
for Thurlow and Wedderhurn. Grenville
may have been muddle-headed, but in his
obstinate way he was fighting against the
principle of exclusion. If any one was a
traitor, it was George 111., who declared
that he would prefer civil wax bo Pox.
Apart from this defect, there is little to
blame and much to praise in this timely
estimate of Pitt's career. The account of
the statesman's early years and the criticism
of his oratory are particularly well done.
As Mr. Whibley remarks, Pitt's character-
istics as a speaker were clarity and restraint,
though he could rise, as in his magnificent
oration on the slave trade, to a lofty flight.
N° 4085, Feb. 10, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
169
Again, the resignation of 1801 is sagaciously
attributed, not to the dictates of ambition
or prudence, but to the simple fact that,
having come to open variance with the King,
no other course lay open to the Minister.
Mr. Wliibley is, perhaps, too much inclined
to tie down Fox too closely to the written
and spoken word. It is difficult to read his
private correspondence, with its rejoicings
over British defeats, without a certain
measure of resentment nowadays ; but to
his contemporaries his extravagance was
part of the man, and Lord North parried
one of his most violent tirades against his
Ministry effectively enough when he re-
marked, " Charles, I am glad you did not
fall on me to-day, for you was in full feather."
Mr. Whibley should not have printed a well-
known quotation " Alieni appetens, sui
profugus."
The Approach to Philosophy. By Ralph
Barton Perry. (Longmans & Co.) — This
book begins well. Dr. Perry announces it
as his aim " to make the reader more soli-
citously aware of the philosophy that is in
him, or to provoke him to philosophy in
his own interests." Hence in Part I. he
seeks to show how practical life, poetry,
religion, and science form so many natural
starting-points whence the approach to
philosophy may be made. These earlier
chapters have for the most part already
appeared in various periodicals, and are
written clearly and easily. They are admir-
ably calculated to awaken in the beginner
a certain general interest and expectancy.
There is nothing very distinctive about the
philosophic doctrine they embody. Such
prolegomena do not, indeed, lend themselves
to the developing of original views. For
this same reason it would hardly be fair to
try to pin Dr. Perry down to definite heresies,
although his language is at times suspiciously
loose. For instance, he has a way of speaking
as if the universe which philosophy seeks to
know is something which the individual
confronts — a " residual environment " or
what not, having " totality " despite the
fact that we and our ideals are not of it. A
popular treatment, however, is almost bound
to compromise with the popular opinion
that reality is " something over there."
The remaining two-thirds of the book
strike us as less happily conceived. Doubt-
less Dr. Perry would plead that at this point
it was incumbent on him to introduce the
Harvard tiro to " the tradition and techni-
calities of the academic discipline." Ah,
these academic disciplines ! Part II. offers
" a brief survey of the entire programme of
philosophy " in the form of " a general
classification of philosophical problems and
conceptions independently of any special
point of view." Part III. is complementary
thereto. It specifies the main types of
philosophic system, with intent to show
how, with changing point of view, these
same problems and conceptions arrange
themselves in various perspective. Dr.
Perry has compressed a wonderful amount
of information into a short space. Never-
theless we arc sorry for the beginner who
approaches philosophy by way of such a
wilderness of -isms. Surely,
Hadde he never so mony clothes on,
But he wolde be colde as ony stone.
Mere history of philosophy may impart
erudition, but it is about the last thing to
quicken enthusiasm. As well approach
religion by way of comparative mythology.
Mrssks. I'i.on XoiKRiT & ClB. publish
a little volume entitled Versailles, from tli<'
pen of M. A. Bertram], who has written on
the subject in the Revue des Deux Mondes.
The book contains two or three pages relating
to the library of the town, a collection to the
value of which it is well that attention should
be called. The author is one of a number
of inhabitant-admirers of Versailles who are
naturally anxious that, on the ground of
the historical importance of the connexion
of the Palace with the history of France,
public money should be spent on keeping it
up, if not upon actual " restoration." France,
as it is, spends much more money upon his-
torical edifices and upon the fine arts than
does any other Power — with results not
uniformly successful, according to our views.
It is a question whether the ancient monu-
ments of France would not be of more value
than they are if no public money at all had
been spent on them, so far has the process
of injudicious " restoration " been carried.
That there should be a sufficient staff in
the gardens at Versailles to prevent wilful
damage is fairly obvious. That the fine
work which has stood for a century and a
half or two centuries in the open air must
gradually fade away is certain. Nothing
could prevent degradation and decay.
Removal to the Louvre has been practised
in many cases, but in many others is not a
satisfactory mode of treatment, besides
which it comes too late. As regards the
interior, enormous harm was done at Ver-
sailles, as at Fontainebleau, when Louis
Philippe attempted to carry out the policy
of creating historical museiims within the
palaces of France. M. P. de Nolhac may
be trusted to do all that can be done judi-
ciously, but the advice of M. Bertrand is
not sufficiently clear to be safe. That more
should be done to guard against the danger
of fire is the one piece of counsel given by
him which can without doubt be heartily
approved. He has our sympathy in asking
for the creation of a great national museum
of tapestry, but it is far from certain that
Versailles, though there is wall space avail-
able, is the best place. The exhibition of
the Garde Meuble itself, in addition to the
Louvre and Cluny, affords perhaps a better
means of showing the finest things than would
Versailles. There is space, too, at the
Gobelins, and much might be said for
exhibiting the tapestries of France within
the walls of that strange city of the dead —
lost in Paris — where the finest of these
tapestries were made.
Les Sources Inedites de VHistoire du Maroc.
Par le Comte Henry de Castries. (Paris,
Leroux.) — This is the first volume of what
promises to be a monumental trilogy, for
it runs to close upon seven hundred very
large pages. It is no work hastily devised
to meet the occasion of the Algeciras con-
ference, but the outcome of years of patient
study and research by one whose repute as
an African traveller stands high. It is in
many ways characteristic of an admirable
feature of French scholarship — unfailing
fidelity to the actual document. Indeed,
the work is rather bibliography than history.
In brief, we have for the first time a com-
prehensive collection, from the archives and
libraries of France, England, Austria, Spain,
and other countries, of unpublished manu-
scripts, records, letters, and documents
relating to Morocco between the years 1530
and 1845. This should provo of inestim-
able value, not alone to French students
and historians, but also to European lite-
rature.
The author divides his material into thin
main parts: (1) The Sa'adi dynasty, 1530
to 1660, the present volume; (2) the Filnli
dynasty, or, as one might almost, say, the
Moulai Ismail cycle, 1660 to 1757 ; and
(::) the Fttali dynasty of 1757 to 1815. The
latter date may fairly be regarded ns the
point of departure for the study of content
porary Morocco, since it was the period of
the definite delimitation of Moorish and
Algerian territory, and the ratification of
the treaties with the various European
Powers which have since maintained rela-
tions with the "Lofty Portal." His English
researches naturally brought M. de Castries
into contact with Sir Lambert Playfair's
' Bibliography of Morocco,' and he acknow-
ledges the respectability of a work which
deals with no fewer than 2,062 " numeros."
But he is under no delusions regarding the
true value of a large portion of this material,
and blames Sir Lambert for having included
mere fairy tales and legends. The prevail-
ing ignorance of Morocco has led many into
mere imagination, and, again, into plagiar-
ism both covert and open. Not once or
twice, but many times, the reviewer lias-
opened an eighteenth - century work on
Morocco which was new to him, only to find
a bald rehash of matter with which he was
already familiar elsewhere. M. de Castries
is justified in his rather severe comments
upon many of those who came before him
in his bibliographical study of Morocco.
Osivald Bastable, and Others. By E.
Nesbit. (Wells Gardner & Co.)— The Bas-
table children are always good company,
and our one quarrel with the new volume
is that their most recent performances, as
chronicled by Oswald, occupy only a third
of it. This gives rise to a terrible suspicion
that they are now to grow up, and will be
far too sophisticated in future to raffle a
goat as " an object of value and virtue,"
to suffer qualms of conscience with regard
to flying fire balloons, or to play at being
coiners in an " Enchanceried House." We
prefer to hope, however, that Oswald is
merely idle, for his closing observations
show no lack of his usual ingenuousness, and
foreshadow no approach of maturity : —
"Did Oswald tell a lie to the butcher? [when he
said that the sham half-crowns had been given to
him, which they were — as pennies.] He has often
wondered. He hopes not. It is eas\- to know
whether a thing is a lie or not when nothing
depends on it. But when events are happening,
and the utmost rigour of the law may he the result
of your making a mistake, you have to tell the
truth as carefully as you can If ever he goes bo
stay with old nurse again, he thinks he will tell
the butcher all in confidence."
For our sakes as well as for the " honour of
a Bastable," it is to be hoped that that visit
will speedily be paid, and that further
" events " will happen.
The " others " whose doings fill the rest
of the book have the nice and natural
characteristics of all E. Nesbit's child-
creations, but their experiences are so com-
plicated with dreams and dragons and
princesses that, while they have no claim to
rank amongst the classic fairy lore of the
nursery, they hardly appeal sufficiently to
the workaday side of a child's imagination.
The Pedigree of Hunter of Abbot skill and.
Barjarg. By A. A. Hunter. (Elliot Stock.)
— This well-arranged, critical, and careful
account of the widely spreading family
descended from James Hunter, who acquired
the lands of Abbotshill, in Ayr, from the
Abbot of Crossraguel in 1569, might be
usefully consulted by would-be compilers
of printed genealogies. For the author is
laudably anxious to avoid the acceptance
of tradition devoid of proof, even on the
point of tlio family's descent from Hunter
of Hunterston, which the matriculations at
the Lyon Office persistently assert. The
illustrations, which arc numerous, comprise
the scats of the family, portraits of its
members, and facsimiles of matriculations
of arms. The best known branch of the
house, probably, is that of Hunter Hlair of
Blairquhan, founded by an Edinburgh
banker under Qeorge Ml.
170
Til E AT II EN A'A' M
N 108.*. I'i.i;. in, l'.tui;
77,. Cambridat Y tar-Book and Directory
uncus. Inni i hafl tin- -nun' mi lit- ii- it-
Oxford pred r, being ■ remarkably
pi, (• Lisl ni graduab
K,il.f* Handbook to the Tilled, Landed,
and Official Classes f<>r 1906 (Kelly'i Direc-
tories) m jusl out. It i- the most oonvenient
and handy I b "I Ha kind lluit «78 loiOW,
Jur it i- not tOO l>in and it PTCeonte 8 VOBi
amount of detail in accurate form. Con-
siderations of -|>ac«- demand, of course,
Bhori mil ins. inn in all the cases we have
examined we have found essentia] points
mentioned.
Wi: are glad to notice the enterprise of
Messrs. RoutLedge in adding to their " Uni-
versal Library interesting books which
have hitherto been outside the scope of
such popular reprints, like Eraser's Word*
'•n Wellington, and Bybel'a History <>j tin
Crusades, edited by Ladv Duff Gordon.
Horce Svbsecivai, Series I., in the same
" Library,'- puts within the reach of every-
body a charming author known to most
"" professed literati," but — thanks, perhaps,
to his common name of John Brown and
the dull title of his essays — ignored hitherto
by many readers who are bound to rejoice
in their new " find."
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Theology.
Adamnan (st.), The Life of st. Columba, translated bj
\V. Iluyshe, 1 net
< lni-tianitv and the Working Classes, edited by G. Law,
3 (i net.
i '..les (V. s. s.), Pastoral Work in Country Districts.
8/6 net.
Collins (K.), The Wisdom of Israel, 1 net.
Feltoe ((_'. LA Our Seasonable Service, l <; net.
Hall (A. C. A.), The Relations of Paith and Life, 'J 6 net.
Inaugural Lectures delivered by Members of the Faculty
01 Theology, Manchester, edited by A. S. Peake, 7/0 net.
Jones (K. M.), Soda! Law in the Spiritual World, .r>/ net.
Maclaren (A.), The Books of Isaiah and .Jeremiah ; The
Gcepel ftssndingto st. Matthew chaps, xvm x:\in
7 6 each.
Moulton (J. II.), A Grammar of New Testament (ireek ;
Vol. I. Prolegomena, 8/ net,
• On (.1.), The Problem of the Old Testament. 10/ net.
Pierce (K. F. V.), Pencil Points for Preacher and Teacher,
8/8 net.
Sanday (»'.), Outlines of the Life of Christ, second edition,
5/ net.
Scott (J. J.), The Making of the Gospels, 1 net.
Wood (N. K.), The Witness of Sin, ;i net.
Fine Art ami Archaeology.
Archaeological survey, United Provinces and Punjab,
Annual Progress Report, and Photographs and
Drawings.
Cram (K.A.), Impressions of Japanese Architecture and the
Allied Arts, lQ/6 net.
l)avies(.\. deC), The Rock Tombs of El Aniarna : Part III.
The Tombs of lluya and Ahmes.
Krskine (Mrs. s.), Beautiful Women in History and Art,
21/ net.
Howe(M.X Roma Beata, 10/6 net
potter (M. K.) The Art of the Venice Academy, <;/ net.
Huberts (II. W.), Architectural Sketching and Drawing in
Perspective, v <; net.
Year's Art, liXKi, compiled by A. C. K. Carter, 3/0 net.
Poetry ami the Did ma.
Allen (J.), The Confessions of John Allen, and other Poems.
New-Hebrew School of Poets of the Spanish-Arabian
Epoch, edited by II. Drody and K. Albrecht. 7,0
Treherne's Waistcoat Pocket Classics: The N'ot-lJrowne
Ma\d ; Sonnets by John Keats, Ik/, each.
Watts-Dun ton (T.), The Coming of Love, and other Poems,
seventh edition, 6/ net.
Woodberrj (G. K.), Swinburne, 1 0 net.
Bibliography.
Dluuihardt (J. p.), Catalogue of the Library of the India
Office: Bengali, Oriva, and Assamese Books.
Book- Auction Records, edited by P. Rarslake, Vol, III.,
Part I.
Philosophy.
Davidson (J.), A New Interpretation of Berbart's Psycho-
logy and Educational Theory through the Philosophy
of Leibniz, 5/ net.
Deusscn (Pi, The Philosophy of the Upanishads, translated
by Rev. A. s. Geden, 10 *:
Political Economy.
l'it/siininoiis (O. K.), Metamorphose, -
Jeans (J. s.), The iron Trade of Great Britain, .' o net.
shadwell (A.), Industrial Efficiency, Vols. I. ami II.,
•Oil net.
Mtttory and Biography.
American Historical Review, Vol. XL, No. 2.
llrondley (A. M.) and Baitelot (H. (•.), The Three Dorset
Captains at Trafalgar, 16/ net.
Hedgkln (T.), The History of England from the Earliest
Times to the Norman Conquest, 7 0 net.
1 llolyunke (< i J.), The HUtury of Ot-openttiuu,
H • -i • N I I lii M.iiH.i .in.l Manoi I
Kennedy (P.), \ Ulatory of the CJrwil Mughuls, Vol I
Hare (A -t CI Da] - at n Rome, fourth edition, revUed
b) si i I .n Kudilelev, 10 I
\\ .ill. i - 1 I i. on \ ii in Cnwann - I ntveln In India, edited i ■ \
I. w. lth>s Davids I H W Bash) U, Vol II
S/H't ! I '
Hubhaek (T. Hi. Elephant ami Heladang Bunting in the
Federated Mabi) States, 10 6 net
Talbot (J, S. ), |n\c-.it Hume, and lt.iniiii-iiii.i-. . u.l.
Education.
Public s, | i- ^ en Book, 1900, 2 '• net
Philology.
Demosthenes acninBt Midias, edited bj W. \\. <; twin, 6
.ii.li.uiiisi.il ( \ ). Phonetics of the Nee High German
LangunAe, 8
Journal of Philology, No. 50, 4 o
SchooLBooks.
Arnold's Graduated French Unseens, edited bj f. Oger,
■» parte, 8d each.
Arnold's Lain Texts: Livy, Selections ; Cicero, First and
nt 1 Speeches against Catiline; Horace, Odes, Book I.,
Plia'dins. Selections from the Fables, 84 each.
Black's Picture Lessons in English, Hook L, 0'/.
Burke's speeches on American Taxation and Conciliation
with America, edited bj A. D limes, :'.
clark (<;. K.), Guide to Essay-Writing and English Com-
position, l o
Edmunds (WA Sound and Rhythm. 2 0 net.
(iospel according to St Luke, edited b\ W. Williamson, 8/
Hewitt (II. M.) and Beach (Q.\ Preliminary Certificate
English Grammar, 2 6
Lukin (J.), Turning for Beginners, l o net.
Magnus (L.), How to Read English Literature: Chancer t"
Milt -l o
Symons (D.), Object Drawing for Schools, 2/6 net.
Science.
Bottone (S. P.). Modern Dynamos and Batteries tor
Amateurs and Students. 2/8 net.
Cullingwortb (C J.), Oliver Wendell Holmes and the Con-
tagiousness of Puerperal Fever, J 6 net.
Dresser (H. W.), Health and the Inner Life, 6/
Pish (I). S.), The Hook of the Winter Garden, 2 0 net.
(ieikie (Sir A.), The Founders of Geology, Second Edition,
10/ net.
<;uppv(H. 1$.), Observations of a Naturalist in the Pacific:
VOL II. Plant Dispersal, 21/ net
Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar, Report by
W. A. Herdman: Parts III. and IV. Marine Biolog] of
Ceylon.
Pbin (J.), The Seven Follies of Science, !">,' net.
Ralfe (P. (J.), The Birds of the Isle of Man, IS/ net.
Sanitary Record Year-Book and Diary for hum;. 2 o
Schryver (S. P.), Chemistry of the Albumens, 7 0 net.
Watson (R. Marriott), The Heart of a Garden, 7/0 net.
Weininger (<>.), Sex and Character, 17/ net
Woolacott (F. J.), Lectures upon the Nursing of Infectious
Diseases, 2/0 net.
Juvenile Books.
Molesworth (Mrs.), Grandmother Dear, (hi.
General Literature.
Alston (L), The Obligation of Obedience to the Law of the
State, 2/ net.
Ban- (A. E.), The Belle of Bowling Green, 6/
Birmingham (<;. A.), Hyacinth, 0/
Cary (K. L.), The Novel's of Henry James, a Study, 5/
County Councils, Municipal Corporations, and Local
Government Year-Rook for woo, io/o
Experiences of Mack, by Himself, 3/6
Frankau (G.), X Y Z of Bridge, 1/ net.
Gould (N.), The Lady Trainer, 2/
Gregory (lady), Cods and Fighting Men, 0/ net.
' Hazell's Annual ' Guide to the New House of Commons,
Bd. net.
Hythe Musketry Course Made Easy, 1/net.
Kelly's Handbook to the Titled", Landed, and Official
Classes, 1000, 16/
Langbridge (R.), The Ambush of Young Days, 6/
Long(GA Valhalla, 0/
Meade (L. T), Victory, 6/
Meadows (A. M.), The Kxtreme Penalty, 6/
Miles (K.), Threepences Day for Food, 1 net
Onions (().), The Drakestone, (!
Pent y (A. J.), The Restoration of the Gild System, ;i.O net.
Philljiotts (!•',.), The Portreeve, 0
Physical Drill with Arms made Easy, Od.
Rout ledge's New 1'niversal Library: Words on Wellington,
by Sir W. Fraser ; The Naturalist on the Amazons, by
II. W. Rates; HoMB Suhscciv ;e. bv J. ISiown ; The
Crusades, by II. von Sybel, edited by Lady Duff
Cordon, 1 net each.
Savile (F.) and Watson (A. K. T.), Fates Intruder, a
Sims (O. R.). For Life -and After, 6/
Stuart (}■'..), Ha rum Sea rum, 2/
svha (Carmen), Suffering's Journey on the Earth, trans-
lated b> M. A. Nash, 3/6 net
Tenney (A. P.), Elocution and Expression, 5/ net
Tolstoy (L.), The End of the Age preceded by the Crisis in
Russia, 2
Vance (L. J.), Terence O'Rourke, 6/
Walker (C. P.), The Cuckoo's Egg, 0/
When It Was Light 1
White (P. M.), The Weight of the Crovui. I,'
Wilson (II. |„). The Ross of Little Arcadv, 6
Yorke (Curtis), Irresponsible Kitty, 6
V 0 R K I (; N.
La it:
Swoboda (11.), Beitrage rax griechlschen Bechtsgeschichte,
4 m.
Fine Art ami Archotology.
Hirth's Fonnensch.it/, Parts |. and II . Im. each.
J... iibsthal (P.), Dee Bliti m der orientalischen and
griechiscnen Kunet, :tm. oo.
n ■ \i .i ii i
Vol \ I II R.-. I, ii. In - Vr. Ik ..I
\ i -I... \ I
...i.
II I
M.ii ^. n i.l . I. H 1 1
■ In \ ^ J el u < ..inn., n. .-in.-iit .In XVII -
/
^1 ntlel il<- Bibliogniphie IJi'.^niphi.
de- I-. . ( . I. I,i. .. He< ..i,. | Kuppli •
// ' I /
I I • . ■
Brune en Holhuide, 7lr
liuiii.iliii i m i, i- ii i..iie Militaire: Vol I i:
i ion
I.om..' ii . rielle Delzant, ■ ■
Mantegiuzii (V.), II M, I In.-.
M. /i. n i ■ H h 50.
Piiion (R ). ()rixines et R.-ult-it- d« \a
JapouaiiH
«,. ography and I
\ i. in/... ne <T.), Iiiipre-»inii- d'um i
4fr.
Wartego (P.), A I'autre li<ait du Moudi \
Mo hi - d Aust 1. 1 In- Sfr. SO.
PhOotogy.
P.. -ha-l'llah : leu Pi. . i pi.-- du P.- haihine, translated by
H. Dreyfus and Mirza Habih-Ullah ChirazL
Lawa ih. a Treatise on >' .ti-iu. bj Nur-ud-Din Abd-oit-
Ra/iman Jaiui, translation bj K. IL Whinfli
M M. A'azvini.
Probst (A.) i surlateiuischenGranimatik P rt III,
Section 2, Dei Oebrauch w.n "ut" b.-i Terenz u. \.r-
walldtes. -4IIL.
W ilaiiiowii/.-Moclleinlortf (P. von), D
griechlschen Bukoliker, ^n.
Roletin del Cnerpo de Ingeniervw de Minas del i
No. 27, Caudal, Procedeneia y Distribucion de Aj
la Provincia de Tumbes : No. 2s, Kstudio de un pi
para irrigar el ralle de lea.
Trelat (K. ). Questions de Salubrity, 4fr.
\audet(P.), Technique Precise <le Radiotherapie, :.fr.
ral I. <>■ ■rature.
Albane (C. i. L'Age de Bauon, Sfr. sa
Germain (A). Les Hyst^riqnes de Paris. Mr
Ghistellee ((;. v. deX I. Autre Justice, 3fr. 50.
Guillaumin (K), Pies du Sol, Sfx
Louys(P.), Archipel, Sfl
Mirbeau (().). Seoastien Roch, :^fr. til
Tinsean (L.de), Les Etourderies de la Chanoinea* \
/.icine Edition, Sfr. 50.
Verdene ((;.). Ce qu'on meprise ..., :;fr. 50.
*#* All Batiks received at the Office m/i to II
Morning 'rill be included in thin Li*t unlet , ■
noted. Publish*
sending Books.
J. P. EDHOND.
Thic death of Mr. John Philip Edmond,
Librarian to the Society of Writtis to His
Majesty's Signet, which was briefly referred
to in last week's 'Literary Gossip, leaves a
sad gap in the front rank of bibliogra)
in the United Kingdom, and will be deeply
lamented by many, not only in this country,
but also abroad, who had the opportunity
of making his acquaintance and profiting
by his wide knowledge. He was born
and educated at Aberdeen, and was ful-
some years engaged in a bookbinding and
publishing business there, leaving it in 1889
to become assistant librarian at Sion Col-
lege. In 1891 he became librarian to the
Earl of Crawford at Hai^'li Hall, which con-
tained then and now one of the Largest private
libraries in the United Kingdom, a |
which he resigned on his appointment in
1904 to the Signet Library. The number
and position of those who attended his
funeral testified to the rapidity with which
his abilities as a Librarian and bis character
as a man became known and esteemed in
his new sphere of work.
While still at Aberdeen Mr. Edmond had
already made for himself a position am
bibliographers l>y his work on ' The Aberdeen
Printers, 1884-8, and by his edition of
1 Cocke Lorelles Boke.' The former — a
model of a special bibliography — v\as
followed up by the publication in 189o of
the 'Annals of Scottish Printing' in colla-
boration with Dr. H. Dickson. Of this
important work Mr. Edmond is responsible
for the second part, as for the general editor-
ship of the whole. His association with the
library at Haigh Hall resulted in the pub-
lication of some of the most important ^i
the valuable series published under tlie title
N°4085, Feb. 10, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
171
of "Bibliotheca Lindesiana." Among these
are the 'Catalogue of Chinese Books and
Manuscripts' (1895), to compile which he
studied Chinese and Japanese ; the ' Cata-
logue of English Broadsides, 1505-1897,'
(1898), which contains a full description,
and a summary of the contents, of a very large
collection, interesting alike for political and
social life ; the ' Catalogue of English News-
papers, 1641-66 ' (1901), a task of the utmost
difficulty from a bibliographical point of
view, and one of the greatest service to
historians of the Civil War period ; the
collation of ' Bulletins of the National
Assembly and Convention, 1792-5 ' ; and
the ' Catalogue of a Collection of 1,500 Tracts
by Martin Luther and his Contemporaries,
1511-98' (1903), in which he succeeded in
fixing entirely from a bibliographical point
of attack, the date, printer, and place of
origin of the enormous number of anonymous
Reformation tracts issued in Germany during
this period. His attributions were con-
firmed by the simultaneous publication of
Proctor's ' Index,' Part II., as far as it went
in date, to the pleasure of both.
Mr. Edmond was essentially a pioneer
worker, and his catalogues in nearly every
case open out new ground and put at the
disposal of future workers a large amount
of material already worked over and syste-
matized. He was one of the first members
of the New Spalding Club, and was at the
time of his death President of the Edinburgh
Bibliographical Society, to the Proceedings
of which he had contributed a large
number of papers on subjects connected
with his work, one of the most interest-
ing of them being on the ' Mecometrie de
l'Eymant,' published in French, Spanish,
Flemish, and Scottish. He took great
interest in the work of the Library Associa-
tion, and was a well-known figure at its
meetings, as he could speak from personal
knowledge of all the important European
libraries of manuscripts and printed books
— a knowledge which was at the disposal of
any one working on his subjects. S.
EDUCATION IN THE CHANNEL
ISLANDS.
Exeter College, Oxford.
In your interesting article you say :
'Victoria College, Jersey .... has in its
gift numerous scholarships at Oxford and
Cambridge." This is hard' y correct. Mean-
while, I venture to hope that the actual
facts may prove of some public interest.
Three Oxford colleges — Exeter, Jesus, and
Pembroke — have it within their power to
award some 1,450?. a year in scholarships
and exhibitions to persons born in the
Channel Islands, or who have been educated,
for two out of the three years last preceding
the election, either at Victoria College,
Jersey, or Elizabeth College, Guernsey.
Tin' scholarships are of the annual value of
loo/, at the two first-mentioned Colleges.
;itnl of 80Z. at Pembroke College. They
may be held under certain conditions for
;i- long as five years, and are open without
limit of age. The same holds good of the
exhibitions. Further, Exeter and Jesus
Colleges are empowered by their statutes
to award senior scholarships, not exceeding
1502. in value, and tenable under certain
conditions for a further five years. Not
only classics or mathematics, but also any
subject recognized in the Final Honour
Schools at Oxford — for instance, natural
science, history, law, modern languages —
may be offered by candidates with the per-
mission of the colleges.
This magnificent endowment ought to
attract multitudes of ambitious boys to the
two Channel Island schools. That it does
not do so at present to any marked extent
I hold to be due chiefly to public ignorance
of the facts. R. R. Marett.
THE ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
The nineteenth volume of the New Series
of this Society's Transactions, just issued,
is even fuller of solid historical matter than
its two immediate predecessors. In addition
to the papers read at the ordinary meetings,
several original communications are printed
as a Supplement. All of these form a
welcome addition to our growing native
collection of occasional texts. The papers
also contain, as usual, the results, in most
cases, of special researches instigated by
the Society, and probably all that are printed
in this volume have the value of permanent
monographs. In view of the plethora of
ephemeral studies and essays on historical
subjects at the present day, the value of
the scholarly influence of the great archaeo-
logical societies and reviews can scarcely
be exaggerated. Moreover, apart from such
merit as these essays may possess, they
serve admirably to provide an outlet for
the energies of the new type of research
student that is being rapidly developed by
academic reforms and foreign influences.
There is, indeed, no more conspicuous sign
of the useful existence of a latter-day society
than the power to attract and employ new
workers in some special mission of research.
For lack of such enlightened enterprise its
publications are too often sustained by the
eleemosynary contributions of its own dis-
tinguished members, which may again do
duty, in a slightly altered form, in some
literary review or academic series.
The proceedings of the past session of the
Royal Historical Society, which are collected
in this volume, include the last Presidential
Address of Dr. G. W. Prothero, which con-
tains a notable defence of historical art as
opposed to the purely scientific methods
advocated by many continental scholars and
recently adopted by the Cambridge Regius
Professor of History. Amongst the more
important papers specially arranged for,
those dealing with ' The Beginnings of the
King's Council ' (Dr. J. F. Baldwin), ' The
Inclosure of Common Fields in the Seven-
teenth Century ' (Miss E. M. Leonard), and
' The English Occupation of Tangier ' (Miss
E. Routh) may be particularly mentioned.
There is also a brilliant and very suggestive
essay on the political influence of Bartolus
by the Rev. J. Neville Figgis, and a creditable
prize essay on the origines Cisterciensium by
Mr. W. A. P. Mason. Amongst the original
documents communicated by various scholars
Dr. Jensen contributes a further instalment
of important documenta Vaticana relating to
Peter's Pence in England: Mr. Leadam edits
some hitherto unsuspected and curious pro-
ceedings instituted against Polydore Vergil
in the Court of Exchequer ; and Mr. Marsden
has compiled from numerous original sources
a remarkable list of English ships in tho
reism of James I. We note with pleasure
that the volume is furnished with an ex-
haustive index.
BARRY CORN WALLS LINES TO LAMB,
B. W. Procter, commonly known as
Barry Cornwall, made Lamb s acquaint-
ance about the time of the Lambs' removal
from tho Temple in 1817. By 1820 this
acquaintance had ripened into a warm
friendship, which lasted for the rest of Lamb's
life. Tn this year there appeared in The
London Magazine Lamb's sonnet to Barry
Cornwall ; and in 1823, when the latter-
published his ' Flood of Thessaly, The Girl
of Provence, and other Poems,' he returned
the compliment by dedicating in verse one
of the poems to Lamb. As these lines do
not appear to have been reprinted elsewhere,,
and as they may be unknown to many of
Lamb's admirers, I now copy them, in the
hope that they may be considered of suffi-
cient interest to justify their being rescued!
from their hiding-place : —
This Vision of
The Fall of Saturn
is inscribed
To Charles Lamb
Bv his Admirer and Sincere Friend
The Author.
Good Friend ! whose spirit, like an April day,
Is full of change,— bright flashes and some rain,-
Fantastic, gay, — yet gentle more than gay.
And rich and deep as in [.vie] the populous main,
Take — (if thou wilt) — my song. I build my fame
Beneath the shadow of thy rising name
(Which shall not pass away while wit shall be,)
Proud to associate my verse with thee.
S. Butterworth.
Mr. Unwin will publish this spring as
autobiographical volume by Capt. J. W.
Gambier, who was Times correspondent
in the Russo-Turkish War. It will be
entitled ' Links in my Life on Land and
Sea,' and will give a picture of the navy
as it was in early Victorian days — virtually
as Nelson left it. Capt. Gambier has had
an adventurous life in many lands, and
his book describes, among other things,
incidents in the Crimean and New Zealand
wars and fights with savages in the Pacific
islands.
Mr. Werner Laurie will issue shortly
a volume of political recollections by Mr.
John A. Bridges, J. P. Mr. Bridges is the
brother of Mr. Robert Bridges, the dis-
tinguished English poet and metrist, and
his book will be called ' Reminiscences of
a Country Politician.'
Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co., will have-
ready on the 20th inst. a new novel
entitled ' The Poison of Tongues,' by
M. E. Carr, the author of ' Love and
Honour.' The story opens with the some-
what unexpected advent in a frivolous,
modern house-party of Capt. Thursby, a
friend of the hostess's dead son. The
" intruder's " presence imparts a deeper
element to the everyday English life, and
is destined to exert a lasting influence on
more than one of the party. The manner
in which they believe or retail gossip
brings out their several idiosyncrasies.
The main interest culminates in the
attitude of the hostess's daughter towards
Thursby, but is diversified by the leisurely
courtship of an older couple.
Father Benson's new historical
romance 'Richard Raynal, Solitary.' is
to be published by Sir Isaac Pitman &
Sons at an early date. The period of the
story is the fifteenth century, and among
the characters introduced are Henry VI.
(founder of Eton and King's Collage
( 'a tn bridge) and Cardinal Beaufort, Bishop
of Winchester and cousin to thai
monarch.
172
THE AT II KN M ! M
N 4085, Feb. 1m. l
I'm. Kit the till.- ■ The Bourgeon Family
being mi s< > ount of t In m and
Family ol Charles Haddon Spurgeon,' ■
in u genealogioa] work will be published
shortly. It will contain notices of the
Bpurgeon family (more particularly the
l i \ branoh) from l L6o bo the presenl
day, and will include many portraits,
facsimiles, pedigree**, and extracts from
pariah registers. Among the last may be
mentioned a facsimile of an extract from
the register of Burnham Thorpe, in
which one of the witnesses is Nelson. The
work has been eompiled by Mr. W. H.
HiggS, and will be published by Mr. Elliot
Stock.
At the February meeting of the Com-
mittee of Management of the Incorporated
Society of Authors Sir Henry Bergne,
K.C.B., and Mr. Arthur W. a Beckett
were unanimously re-elected respectively
chairman and vice-chairman of that body.
The lectures delivered by Acton as
Regius Professor of History in Cam-
bridge have been entrusted by his son,
the present peer, to Mr. R. V. Laurence,
of Trinity College, Cambridge, and will
be published by Messrs. Macmillan. As
the labour of editing them has been
more*severe than was anticipated, owing
to the multitude of allusions and refer-
ences to be verified, Lord Acton has
fortunately secured the further assistance
of £ the Rev. J. Neville Figgis, another
distinguished student under his father.
Thanks to this timely aid, the book will
be soon read)', and will appear under
the joint editorship of Mr. Laurence and
Mr. Figgis.
After several years' service as literary
reader for Messrs. Harmsworth, Mr.
Gordon Richards has resigned his appoint-
ment in order to inaugurate and carry on
an Authors' Advisory Bureau. He is
joined in this work by Mr. Wilkinson
Sherren, author of ' The Wessex of
Romance ' and ' A Rustic Dreamer.'
Messrs. Bell have in the press a new
and cheaper edition of Abbot Gasquet's
1 Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries,'
which will contain a newly written intro-
duction by the author.
The Rev. Edward Henry Perowne, who
had been Master of Corpus College, Cam-
bridge, since 1879, died on Monday last
at the age of eighty. Dr. Perowne was
Porson Prizeman in 1848 and Senior
Classic in 1850. He was Hulsean Lec-
turer in 1866, his subject being ' The
Godhead of Jesus,' and produced a com-
mentary on the Galatians, with other
work of an Evangelical type.
Mr. G. F. Bradby, the author of ' The
Marquis's Eye ' will publish with Messrs.
Smith & Elder on the 20th inst. a new
book entitled ' Dick : a Story without a
Plot.' Dick is just an English schoolboy
whom fate entrusts for one summer holi-
day to his childless middle-aged uncle and
aunt. The uncle draws a picture of the
average healthy boy, through whose
silences and reserves, and seemingly aim-
less mischief, he has, on occasion, the
power to penetrate to the inarticulate
manliness and humour heneath. Mr.
Bradby makes hick a Rugby boy, hut
the character and incidents are purely
imaginary.
Wi: regret tO notice the death on
Monday last, at Edinburgh, of Mr. ( 'mitts
Trotter. Horn in 1831, Mr. Totter had
travelled widely, and contributed to our
columns many excellent reviews of books
concerning distant regions. He had not,
however, written of late years, owing to
his indifferent health.
Mr. Eknkst Mayer, of the Interna-
tional Copyright Bureau, writes : —
li Russia being unfortunately outside the
Berne Convention, there are not, of course,
any legal means to prevent the appropria-
tion of the best work by English authors on
the part of Russian publishers and editors.
I am, however, inclined to think that I have
hit upon a scheme whereby this wholesale
robbery can effectively be put a stop to. I
should therefore be glad if you would draw
your readers' attention thereto and advise
them to communicate with us. I venture
to request this favour chiefly in the interest
of short-story writers."
An interesting and suggestive contribu-
tion to the literature of the separation of
Church and State in France has just been
published by the Comte d'Haussonville.
It is entitled ' Apres la Separation,' and
is followed by the text of the law con-
cerning the separation. M. d'Haussonville
approaches the subject from the lay
Catholic point of view, and discusses
especially the constitution and working of
the associations whose function it will be
to provide funds for the maintenance of
public worship.
The Religious Tract Society are about
to issue a new volume under the title of
' The Ashes of Roses,' and other Bible
studies, by Dr. W. L. Watkinson, who is
well known as an effective preacher.
The annual meeting of the Booksellers'
Provident Institution will be held at
Stationers' Hall on Tuesday evening,
March 13th. After the business, the
meeting will merge into a soiree, at which
the Bishop of London is expected to
deliver an address. A limited number of
tickets will be reserved for the public
until March 1st. Applications should be
made to the Secretary, Mr. G. Larner,
28, Paternoster Row.
As we go to press, we hear with regret
of the death, on the 6th inst., of Mr.
James Bonwick, who recently published
his ' Octogenarian Reminiscences.' Mr.
Bonwick was a veteran among Australian
writers, having published his first work
on ' Geography for Young Australians ' as
far back as 1846 ; since that year his pen
has never been idle. Mr. Bonwick, who
was born in London, emigrated to Tas-
mania in 1838, and afterwards resided in
South Australia and Victoria, where he
was Inspector of the Public Schools. He
returned to this country in 1871. He was
Government Archivist of New South
Wales, and most assiduous in his search
for documents concerning the early
history of Australia.
A i the meeting of thi . ol Anti-
quaries on Thursday next Mr. W. H
M John Elope will read I paper on the
• ■f King John's baggage train in I
Well-t ream in October, Lzl(
An interesting liums relic was sold in
Glasgow 00 Monday in the foim of an
Excise return foi April and May. 1791,
signed and dated by the poet. After a
keen competition the relic was knocked
down at 17 guineas to a Dumfries hotel-
keeper who possesses several other
mementoes of Burns. At the same h
a copy of Chaucer, a small folio in black
letter, dated 1542, was sold for 29/,
Among the recipients of the Legion of
Honour is M. Bourguignon, who has been
director of the " Librairie Agricole " of
the Maison Rw>tique of Paris for thirty-
five years, and also looks after the Journal
(V Agriculture Pratique and the Revue
Horticole.
A writer in one of the Paris daily
papers makes the interesting announce-
ment that the new or eighth edition of
the ' Dictionary ' of the French Academy
is expected to be completed within the
next 200 years ! It was begun in 1877,
and the entries under the letter C
cannot be finished and published until
1907 or 1908. It will be seen, there-
fore, that the Immortals are not in a
hurry. The last or seventh edition occu-
pied from 1835 to 1877 ; the five previous
editions, 1694 to 1835, averaged almost
28 years each ; whilst the first edition,
which was begun in 1635, the date of
the official foundation of the society,
was finished in 1694.
M. Charles Cord'homme, who died at
Rouen on Sunday last at the age of eighty,
was one of the most prominent personages
in the French revolutionary movement of
1848. He married Mile. Louise de Mau-
passant, aunt of Guy de Maupassant, who
has immortalized his uncle under the
name of Cornudet in ' Boule-de-Suif .'
M. Cord'homme published his memoirs
some time ago in Le Reveil Social, which
he himself founded. — M. Louis Jamet,
founder and editor of the Republique de
Vlsere, and at one time a prominent
literary contributor to the Gironde of
Bordeaux and La Presse of Paris, also
died recently.
The veteran writer Adolf Katsch, whose
death in his ninety-third year is reported
from Oppenau, in Baden, was the author
of a number of popular novels and poems.
One of his best-known poems, ' Hundert
Semester,' has found a place in the ' Kom-
mersbuch ' of German students.
The death is also announced of the
well - known sociologist Prof. Anton
Monger, who was born in 1841. He was
Honorary Professor of the Philosophy of
Law at the University of Vienna, at
which he taught for several years.
Among his books ' Das Recht auf den
vollen Arbeitsvertrag ' and * Das biirger-
liche Recht und die besitzlosen Volks-
Uassen ' had reached a third edition. He
was said to be the possessor of the largest
library in the world on sociological subjeets.
N° 4085, Feb. 10, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
173
The collection of inscriptions on copper
plates and stones in the Nellore district
made by some officials of the Madras
service, and recently published at the
Government Press, has not given the
satisfactory results that were anticipated.
Only one inscription (No. 26 of Kandukur)
is said to have a real historical motive.
The others relate to local incidents of no
importance. The chief merit claimed for
the work is that it has " saved epigraph -
ists from wasting time on the exploration
of a barren area."
The Lahore Secretariat is going to
take in hand the examination and classi-
fication, with a view to publication, of
the documents possessing historical value
which have accumulated in its offices
during the last sixty years.
SCIENCE
RESEARCH NOTES.
The Revue Scientifique, which has taken
the leading part in France against the
N rays, is not satisfied with the proof of
their existence afforded by M. Mascart's
and M. Gutton's experiments, described
in The Athenceum of last week. In an
editorial of some seven pages, it labours
to show that the margin of error in M.
Mascart's experiment was not small, but
relatively very great, and that such success
as did attend it was due to what it calls
*' muscular memory," which in its opinion
would enable an observer to stop a travelling
pointer at the same point on an unseen scale
every time. As for M. Gutton's experiment,
while admitting, somewhat grudgingly, its
success, it yet declares that this can only
prove the existence of the N rays if their
reality be first established by means of the
phototest or calcium-sulphide screen. Yet
it finally admits that "it is possible that at
the base of M. Blondlot's work there is a
real phenomenon," and even goes so far as
to say that the experiments with the photo-
graphy of the electric spark render this
" probable." With this advance, the be-
lievers in the scientific accuracy and the
unhallucinated reasoning of M. Blondlot
and his fellow-workers at Nancy— to say
nothing of M. Mascart and M. d'Arsonval
at Paris — may well be content.
At the December meeting of the Rontgen
Society, Mr. Butler Burke had at last an
opportunity of expounding his views as to
his so-called " radiobes " before a scientific
audience. Sir William Ramsay was present,
and reiterated his theory as to their con-
nexion with gas-bubbles, witli which those
interested in the controversy are already
familiar. So was Mr. Douglas Rudge, who
told the audience that, according to his own
experiments, the growths in question were
due to the sulphur in the gelatine forming
an insoluble precipitate with the barium
always present in radium salts. He further
stated that if the sulphur in the gelatine be
removed, no precipitate is formed, and that
he found the growths could be produced by
substituting barium, lead, or strontium salts
for the radium used by Mr. Burke. Every
separate particle of the precipitate would,
according to him, surround itself with a
tiny sac of gelatine ; and he found similar
effects could bo produced with sodium
silicate and colloidal calcium sulphate, and
also with gum arabic and any sulphate that
was soluble. From the report in the Society's
Journal it would appear that Mr. Burke
contented himself in his reply with rebutting
Sir William Ramsay's theory, and did not
controvert Mr. Rudge's arguments further
than by insisting that the gelatine used
should always be sterilized. He also pro-
mised to make further experiments, but does
not seem to have alluded to the fact that
M. Raphael Dubois's announcement of the
growths in question preceded his by at least
twelve months.
The experiments in support of Prof.
Stark's theory as to the positive ion being
the carrier of the line spectrum and the
other matters before mentioned in these
Notes (see The Athenceum, No. 4082) have
now been published in the Physikalische
Zeitschrift. He uses a vacuum tube with
pierced aluminium cathode, carefully flushed
out with dry hydrogen, and a high-tension
battery of 3,000 volts. A resistance keeps
the current at about -007 ampere, while
the cathode fall is maintained as near as may
be at 2,000 volts. The light of the rays
emitted was studied by means of a prism
spectrograph, the length of exposure in
each case varying from three to five minutes.
The collimator was used perpendicular to
and parallel with the direction of the canal-
rays alternately.
Experiments have also been made by
M. Pellat on the paradoxical behaviour of the
Alpha or canal rays in a powerful magnetic
field. He uses a tube a metre long, with a
diameter of 18 millimetres, and a pierced
cathode situated 18 centimetres from the
anode, and forming the extremity of an
aluminium cylinder 3 centimetres long. There
is therefore a clear space of nearly 78 centi-
metres down which the column of Alpha
rays passes. This tube is placed between
the poles of a very powerful electromagnet,
but at such a distance from them that the
production of the magnetic field in itself
exercises no visible effect on them. But if
a piece of tinsel connected by wire with the
anode be brought near one of the walls of
the tube, the column of Alpha rays is
repelled, so as to produce the green fluores-
cence on the opposing wall. This effect,
however, varies strangely with the intensity
of the magnetic field employed. With one
relatively feeble, the column forms a lumin-
ous net along one side of the tube without
leaving the rest of the tube quite dark, and
the approach of the tinsel causes this net
to recede, the luminosity being apparently
driven back towards the centre of the tube.
When, however, the field is increased to
900 or 1,000 gauss, the net, instead of
becoming smaller, increases in size, so as to
fill the whole tube, which then becomes
luminous all over alike. For the present,
M. Pellat contents himself with describing
these facts, and docs not propose to attempt
any explanation, although he points out
that the usual theory as to the diffusion of
the column of Alpha rays being due to the
oscillations of the discharge cannot apply
m this case. The importance of these
inquiiies into the nature of positive elec-
tricity, in succession to the negative pheno-
mena that have so long engaged the atten-
tion of the learned, has been often insisted
upon in these Notes.
Prof. Rutherford's conclusion as to the
Alpha particle from radium being the helium
atom, with perhaps one electron short (see
The Athenceum, Nos. 4063 and 4082), has
not been allowed to pass uncriticized. The
Hon. R. J. Strutt, reviewing in a contem-
porary Prof. Rutherford's second edition of
' Radio-activity,' points out that the argu-
ment from the supposed electrochemical
equivalence between (lie Alpha particle and
the helium atom falls to (he ground when
we consider that as helium forms no com-
pounds no valency can be attributed to it.
He also finds that, instead of radio-activity
being determined, as at first thought, by
atomic weight, it is, if anything, rather the
other way, as when we see radium, according
to Prof. Rutherford, changing into the
ex-radio emanation, which with a lesser
atomic weight is more radio-active than its
parent. He also opposes to Prof. Ruther-
ford's speculation that ordinary matter may
be emitting more Alpha particles than
radium, if only their velocity is less than
the minimum which produces the character-
istic phenomena, the query why, if radio-
activity is universal throughout nature,
helium should be found only in radio-active
minerals.
The last champion of this view of the
universal radio-activity of matter is Mr.
Norman Campbell, who in The Philosophical
Magazine for this month gives details of a
careful series of experiments carried out with
lead, copper, aluminium, zinc, iron, plati-
num, silver, and gold, which show that all
these metals emit, under proper conditions,
what he calls an " intrinsic absorbable radia-
tion" capable of being measured, the rays
from all these except aluminium having
greater penetration than the most pene-
trating rays from radium. He says that his
experiments " have proved beyond doubt that
the emission of ionizing radiation is an
inherent property of all metals investigated ;
and I see no reason why it should not be
extended to all substances." He further
thinks that the rays emitted are for the
most part Alpha-rays, and promises further
work on the subject. This radio-activity
of all matter is, it may be recalled, one of
the main foundations of Dr. Gustave Le
Bon's disintegration hypothesis.
A proof of the soundness of Dr. Le Bon's
conclusions — which were fully discussed in
The Athenceum, Nos. 4054 and 4055 — was
given in a paper read at the recent Congress
of German Physicists at Meran, which has
just found its way into Drude's Annalen der
Physik. Six years ago Dr. Le Bon adduced
the luminescence of quinine sulphate, after
alternate heating and cooling, as an instance
of the dissociation of matters undergoing
chemical change. Dr. Kalahne, in the
paper in question, gives many particulars
of the intensity of this radiation and the
degree of ionization produced by it, and
confirms the view that the phenomenon of
dissociation is really the result of the chemical
reaction, and is not due to the variation of
temperature. As his experiments show that
the rays emitted are neither Beta nor Gamma
rays, it is probable that they are Alpha or
positive rays, though the possibility of their
being those of ultra-violet light is still,
according to him, to be reckoned with.
F. L.
C. J. CORNISH.
All, lovers of natural history, and a wide
circle of personal friends, are mourning the
premature death, at the age of forty-seven,
of Mr. C. J. Cornish, which occurred on Janu-
ary 30th after about three months' serious
illness, and was briefly noted in The
Athenceum last week.
Mr. Cornish had had no scientific training,
and never professed to be a technical zoolo-
gist, but he belonged to the school of outdoor
naturalists of which White of Kelborno and
Richard .lefferies may he taken as the types ;
and in his powers of observation and his
wide range of knowledge in all departments
of country life, lie was in no way inferior to
his predecessors.
Born and bred in Devonshire, where his
171
'I'll E A Til EN 2EUM
N 1085, Feb. 1". 1900
father, a -ipillc [IHTHOII i'! tin- gOCM old
i Litth type, had property, Charles Corniah
took from hia childhood the k< • nesl inb
in the splits and sounds of the country-aide.
While he was. — t ill ■ boj hia father moved to
the rectory of Childrey, at the foot of the
Berkshire Downs, ana every inch of that
inating region became familiar to him
aa a holiday playground. At Charterhouse,
and afterwards at Oxford, he distinguished
himself as a football player; but thai 1"'
did not neglect more serious st udiee is proi ed
by the fad that after taking his degree he
became a classical roaster at St. Paul's
School, and did sterling ser\ ice in that
capacity until within a few months of Ids
death.
Hi- London home, both before and after
lii^ marriage, was mainly on the hanks of
the Thames at Chiflwick, where lie lost no
opportunity of observing the birds and other
wild creatures which haunt the hanks of,
or travel up and down, the great waterway.
His boundless curiosity in all the operations
of Nature Boon led him to become a constant
Contributor to the press on all subjects con-
nected with outdoor lite. For many years
be wrote on such matters week by week in
The Spectator, and selections of Ins articles
were from time to time republished in book
form, and met with wide and hearty recog-
nition for their freshness and charm. It is
enough to mention such well-known volumes
a> " Life a; the Zoo,' ' Animals at Work and
Play,' ' Wild England of To-day,' ' Nights
with an Old Gunner,' and more recently
' The Naturalist on the Thames.'
When Country Life entered on its pros-
perous career Charles Cornish at once
became a regular contributor, and latterly
its shooting editor. Himself a keen and
successful sportsman, both with rod and
gun, he delighted to describe the incidents
of famous shoots, and the various methods
of preserving and developing game ; while
he was no less at home in writing of old
churches or farmhouses, and other charac-
teristic features of rural England.
All this ceaseless activity, often involving
long journeys, on the top of his regular
school work, undoubtedly overtaxed his
strength, especially after an unfortunate
shooting accident had sowed the seeds of a
disease which in the end proved fatal. It
is possible that, if he could have been per-
suaded to limit his work to one or other of
the directions in which his many-sided
interests led him, his life might have been
spared for many years longer. But, on the
one hand, his enjoyment of life and all that
it offered to his active mind and wide sym-
pathies was so keen that it seemed impossible
for him to draw in. On the other, his natural
modesty led him to fear that if he were not
at once ready to take up every piece of work
as it came, he might drop behind and be
overlooked in the struggle for existence. It
was hard to convince him that such fears
were groundless, and that there would
always be a demand for work so sincere and
so stimulating as his. It was a genuine
and pleasant surprise to him. when, last
autumn, the state of his health obliged him
to seek temporary relief from his manifold
duties, that the authorities of St. Paul's
School and the editors for whom he had
worked so strenuously showed their warm
appreciation of his services by at once
granting him release, on the understanding
that he would be welcomed back whenever
Ins health permitted. Unhappily, the step
was taken too late.
The secret of his success, both as a writer
and teacher, and of the charm which attracted
every one who came near him, lay in his
intensely sympathetic nature, and his eager
d< ire to gain and to imparl knowledge.
To join in a day's shooting, or in a country
walk, \sith Charles Cornish, \n»- a joy and
a revelation, Nothing seemed to escape
him. and no moment or incident of the <la\
found him indifferent. Wherever he weal
his thirst for information on all tiling
connected with nature or man engaged his
constant interest, while his well-Moi-d
memory supplied matter for comment Of
comparison. As a writer he will he missed
by many who never knew him. His friends
will always hear in affectionate remembrance
his rare gifts, his line character, and his genial
I >' i tonality. L.
'THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LONDON.'
OF
I do not propose to discuss the article on
my hook, or to inflict my side of the question
on your readers ; but I do ask them to believe
there is another side. Where several men
are associated in establishing an institution,
differences of opinion will often arise as to
their respective share in the work. In this
particular case it must be borne in mind
that the title of Founder has been applied —
officially applied — to Sir Humphry Davy,
Lord Auckland, Lord Derby, and Mr. Vigors,
the first secretary, as well as to Sir Stamford
Raffles. And on Vigors's monument in the
church of Old Leighlin these words are graven :
" With the co-operation of Sir Stamford
Raffles he was the original founder of the
Zoological Society of London." It ought to
be possible to discuss these claims, even to
correct what one conceives to be erroneous,
without making charges of bad faith against
those holding divergent views. I offer no
defence. I do not think any is needed ; for
the present, I content myself with pointing
out that the writer has evidently confused
the foundation of the Museum with the foun-
dation of the Society — honestly enough, no
doubt, but the confusion is there.
With respect to my unfortunate miswriting
the verb " amuse " for " instruct," apologies
are offered to Mr. Boulger. But I must
repeat that in your columns (March 4th,
1904) he certainly amplified the statement
made in his ' Life ' (p. 341) with respect to
the personal relations between Sir Stamford
Raffles and Sir Joseph Banks. There does
not appear to be authority for either state-
ment ; if there is, it would be interesting to
have it recorded in your columns. I quite
believe that the amplification was made in
all good faith, when writing under pressure
or from memory. But in the interests of
historic truth it is well to call attention to
the fact in the columns where the error
occurred. Nor does the argument collapse :
that the Zoological collection was not origin-
ally intended for the public is shown by the
restrictions with which admission to the
Gardens was hedged about till 1847.
Henry Schkrrex.
SOCIETIES.
Geological*- -hin. 24. —Dr. J. E. Marr, Presi-
dent, in the chair. — The Secretary annonnoed that
photographs of the late Dr. \V. T. Blanford, si
Prof. J. W. Judd, and of the late Mr. .1. 1".
Lesley, and a portrait of Prof. T. MeKcnny
Hughes had heen presented to the Society. -The
following communications -were read: 'On the
Igneous and Associated Sedimentary Kocks of
Llangynog. Caermart henshirc," by Messrs. T.
Crosoee Cantiill and H. H. Thomas, and 'The
Buttertnere and Ennerdale Granophyre,' by Mr.
R. Heron Rastall.
Mi-, 01 km !'.■' mii - /'• b. l. Bh H H
Howorth, V.I'., in the chair. The p.. Hon.
Kenneth Oibbn ru admitted Fellow Mr. ( I'.
exhibited, bj permission of Mr, OvuH
Knapp, a bronze canting of the Anglo-Saxon period
found ■• Pei bore about 177'*. inscribed Tit";
[or <.oi.i-.ii ] mi: woi'.nr. As it i* of pierced w>rk,
it baa been thought t.. )»■ pat and Mr.
Hope showed by a diagram that it might well
haw mm mounted the covei ol an Aug] -
of usual type. Messrs. .hill exhibit
through Mi . < II small m
of earl] Saxon antiquities found, with two .
braoted skeletons, in then- no
rave, Led-. Mr. Read gave i description of
the relic.-, which comprised pan- "t circular bn
brooches, a cloak-pin of the same metal with
triangular pendants, a bronze stylus ■,! R- man
form, and part of an ivory armlet. The pin
resembled specimens from Brighthampton, Oxon;
Bearby, Line- ; and Canterbury. The bui
might l»c- attributed to the latter half of the tiftb
century. The local secretary of the -
Mr. Worthington <■. Smith, was instrumental in
rescuing these remains, and gave an amusing account
of the burial of the human remains in jx di
coffins, with the usual " breast-plate," in the
churchyard, the service being read by the vicar. —
The Secretary further exhibited a bronze pin with
ring-head and the head of a penannular brooch, l«>tli
from oo. W'lstmeatli ; also a silver p-ii.umular
brooch of extraordinary size, the pin licing '2fl\ in.
long, found on Newbiggin Moor, Dacre, Cumlier-
land, in 17S.">. — Mr. Reginald Smith added Mime
remarks on these exhibits and on the evolution of
the '"thistle" type of brooch, the largest sp
mens of which may lie safely assigned to the tenth
century. Anglo-Saxon and Curie coins of that
period have heen found with specimens <r ;
merits at Cuerdale, Lanes: Goldsb rough, W.K.
Yorks; Douglas, Isle of Man ; and Skaill, Orkney:
while a brooch of this type, slightly larger than
the Dacre specimen, also found near Penrith, has
heen recently bequeathed to the nation. The pin
exhibited seemed to support the view that the
cross-hatching on the "thistle" terminals a
survival from Late-Celtic times, when the surface-
was prepared in this way to receive enamel.
LiNNEAN. — Feb. 1. — Prof. W. A. Herdman.
President, in the chair. -Dr. W. T. Caiman
admitted a Fellow.- Mr. .1. Stanley Gardiner _
an account of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition
in H.M.S. Sealark to the Indian Ocean, of which
lie was leader. — All the Trustees of the P'
Sladen Trust were present, and their chairman.
Mr. Baillie Saunders, opened the discussion. H>
was followed by Dr. Tempest Anderson and Mr.
H. Bury, Dr. G. C. Bourne. Dr. G. H. Fowler.
Dr. pT. Wolfenden, Mr. A. 1'. Young. Mr. YV. P.
Pyeraft. and the President.
Institition of Civil Enoinkkks. — Feb. 6. 8
Alexander R. Rinnie. President, in the chair. It
was announced that l."> Associate Mcml>ers had
Wen transferred to the class of Members, and that
18 candidates had been admitted as Students. The
monthly ballot resulted in the election of 13
Members, 24 Associate Members, and 2 Aimonial
ROYAL Instititios. — Feb. .V Sir .Tames Crich-
ton-Browne, Treasurer and V.P.. in the chair.—
Miss Ruddle Browne, Dr. G. L. Findlav. Miss
M. H. Pain. Mr. A. Sutton. Mr. L. C. Wallach.
and Miss I. K. Young were elected Meml>ers.
Sociktv or Km.inkkks. /•'.'.. .">. Mr. N. .1.
West. President, in the chair. -The Chairman
presented the premiums awarded for pajiers read
during 1905, w/. : The President's Cold Medal to
Mr. Sberard Oewper-Colee for his paper on 'The
Metallic Preservation and Ornamentation of Iron
and Steel Surfaces'; the Bessemer Premium of
[looks to Mr. E. R. Matthews for his paper on
'The Parade Extension 'Works at Bridlington':
a Society's Premium of Books to Mr. B. L. Bradley
for hia paper on 'The Grindleford Stone Quarries
and their Working' ; and a Society's l*remium of
Books to Mr. W. P. Dighy for his paj>er on
'Statistics of British and American Rolling Stock.'
N°408;5, Feb. 10, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
175
—Mr. West then introduced the President for the
present year, Mr. Maurice Wilson, and retired
from the chair. —The new President delivered his
inaugural address.
Challenges.— Jan. 31.— Dr. R. N. Wolfenden
in the chair. — Mr. S. W. Kemp exhibited four
•deep-water Carid;e from the west coast of Ireland :
Acanthi-phyra purpurea, a species showing so great
variation that it is now possible to rank six other
■" species " as its synonyms ; A. debilis, a very rare
■species with about 100 luminous organs ; Mgeom
brendani ; and Leontocari* far, spp.nn. — A track
and station chart of expeditions near the British
Islands for which the Admiralty had lent the ship,
prepared for the Oceanographic Exhibition at Mar-
seilles, was also shown. — Dr. Fowler read a Report
•on the Chretognatha of the Sivosa Expedition in the
Dutch P]ast Indies. Of sixteen species one only was
.apparently new. Among those taken only in deep
hauls were Sagittal macrocepha/a and Zetesios,
known only from deep water in the Atlantic, and
Krohnia hamata. The species captured at the sur-
face supported the alleged uniformity of the Indo-
Pacific epiplankton. A systematic revision of all
rspecies hitherto described left twenty -four as
valid. A revision of all captures hitherto recorded
appeared to show one species (hexaptera) as
•cosmopolitan and pantothermal ; others as eury-
thermal and having a wide, but not universal
range ; others as confined to a limited area
and stenothermal. As regards depth, four have
been recorded only from the mesoplankton ; two at
the surface in Polar waters seek the mesoplankton
in warmer seas ; others are confined to the epi-
plankton. According to temperature, species appear
to fall into five classes : cold-water species with a
maximum of about 12" C. ; temperate species ;
warm-water species with a minimum of about
1(5° C. ; species with a wide range of temperature ;
and a single pantothermal species. Dr. Fowler
also presented a note on Antarctic and Suban tare tic
Chaitognatha taken on the Discovery and Challenger
•expeditions. These established Krolniia hamata as
truly bipolar, from 81°30'N. to 77" 49' S., and com-
pleted the cosmopolitan record of hexaptera ; they
also enabled the N. limit of hamata at the surface,
and the 8. limit of xerratodentata, to be approxi-
mately fixed.
Fasaday. — Jan. 30. — Prof. A. K. Huntington
in the chair. — Mr. W. Murray Morrison read an
abstract of a paper presented by M. Adolphe
Minet on 'The Electric Furnace: its Origin,
Transformations, and Applications,' Part III. —
Dr. J. A. Harker gave a demonstration of a solid
•electrolyte tube furnace. — Mr. E. B. R. Prideaux
■communicated a paper entitled ' Note on the
Production of Ozone by Electrolysis of Alkali
Fluorides.'
MEETINGS NKXT WEEK.
Mo*. Koyal Academy, 4.— ' Keaeon in Architecture,' Lecture III.,
Mr. T. (i. Jackson.
— London Institution, 6.— 'Charles Dickens and To-day,' Mr. II.
Kumiss.
— Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 8.— "The Niagara Power-
Stations,' Prof. W. ('. 1'nwin. (Graduates' Lecture.)
— Society of Arts. 8.— 'Modern Warships,' Lecture III., Sir W.
\v bite. (Cantor Lecture.)
— Surveyors' Institution, 9. — Discussion on 'The Valuation of
Machinery for Rating Purposes.'
— Geographical, 8 JO.- 'The Geography of tin- Spanish Armada,'
Rev. W. Bpotswood Green.
TOM. Asiatio, ■».— ' The Study of Sanskrit as an Imperial Question,'
Prof. A. A. MacdoneU.
— Royal Institution. B. — 'Food anil Nutrition,' Lecture II.,
I'n.f. w. Stirling.
— Colonial Institute, 8.—' Products of Australia,' Hon. .1. (i.
Jenkins.
— Institution of Civil Engineers, 8. — Ih'scussion on "The Railway
Ganges of India.'
— Anthropological, B.15. -Exhibition of Lantern-Slides of
Kikuyu Ceremonies, Mr. W. Scoreaby Eoutledge ; Exhibition
of Kikuyu Ceremonial Images, Mr. T. A. Joyce: 'Notes on
Stone Monuments in Glamorganshire,' Mr. A. I.. Lewis.
'Wed. Society of Arts, R— 'The Horseless Carriages, 1880-1906,' Air. C
.lohnson.
'Tut its. Hoval Academy, 4.— 'Reason in Architecture,' Lecture IV.
Mr. T. C. Jackson.
— K*iyal, 130.
— Society of Arts, 4.M.— 'The Navigable Waterways of India,'
Mr H is Buckley.
— Royal Institution. 6, 'The English Stage in the Eighteenth
Century,' Lecture I., Mr. H. 1!. Irving
•- Linnejin, h. -'The Structure of Ms hippurU Linnaeus.' Mr.
.1. .1. Simpson; 'Note on the Geographical Distribution of
the genus Shortia. Torr ami Gray,' Mr. 11 Iiaydon .lackson.
•- Chemical. 8.30, 'Cuprous Formate,' Mr. A. Angel; 'The
Soluhility of Triphenylmethaae in Organic Liquids with
which it forms Crystalline Compounds, Messrs n Hartley
and Y a. Thomas; 'The Spontaneous Crystallisation of
Supersaturated Solutions,' Mr. ll. Hartley; and two other
Papers.
■— Antiquaries, R.80 The WeUstream Disaster of 1216,' Mr.
W II St John Hope.
Fhi. Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 8.— Annual Meeting.
' l>arge Locomotive lloilers.' Mr. Q, .1. Churchward.
Royal Institution, ft. 'The Passage of Electricity through
■Sat.
Liquid*.' Mr W, < |i Whetham.
Royal Institution. !). '<i. K. Watts as a Portrait Painter,'
l. • ture I., Mr. M. II Spielmann.
%tuntc (i&assip.
The Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical
Society has been awarded this year to Prof.
W. W. Campbell, Director of the Lick Obser-
vatory, Mount Hamilton ; the address on
presentation yesterday was delivered by the
President, Mr. Maw. The American Am-
bassador received the medal for transmission
to Prof. Campbell.
The death is announced, in the eighty-
eighth year of his age, of the Rev. W. R. M.
Waugh, F.R.A.S., of Portland, Dorsetshire.
He was formerly director of the coloured-star
section of the Liverpool Astronomical Society
and afterwards of the Jupiter section of the
British Astronomical Association, to the pub-
lications of which he made many contribu-
tions.
The Sixtieth Annual Report of the
Director (Prof. E. C. Pickering) of the
Astronomical Observatory of Harvard Col-
lege has been received, the year to which
it relates ending on September 30th, 1905.
The work seems to have proceeded with^its
usual vigour on the same lines as heretofore —
photometrical observations, chiefly under the
superintendence of Prof. Wendell, and photo-
graphic with the Henry Draper Memorial
and the Bruce telescopes. Prof. Bailey
returned to Cambridge in March, leaving the
Arequipa station under the charge of Mr.
R. H. Frost. At the request of the Canadian
Government, a longitude campaign was
undertaken last summer between the obser-
vatories of Ottawa and Harvard, and was
successfully carried out. Prof. Pickering
points out how greatly the work could be
extended by even a small increase of expen-
diture. Not only is it very desirable that
the salaries of the assistants should be
increased, but a larger income would enable
the observatory to make use of opportunities
which it has not at present the means of
doing efficiently, particularly in aiding inter-
national astronomical research. Amongst
the many items of regular expenditure may
be mentioned that involved in the care of
182,277 photographs, a collection which is
unique, and gives the only existing history
of the stellar universe for the past twenty
years.
No fewer than twelve new small planets
are announced from the Konigstuhl Obser-
vatory, Heidelberg : one of these was regis-
tered on the 20th ult., two on the 22nd,
and eight on the 24th by Prof. Max Wolf ;
and one on the 23rd by Herr KopfT. i It
appears also that a planet observed by Dr.
J. Palisa at Vienna on December 31st, and
faintly photographed at Heidelberg on
January 20th, was new, although at first
supposed to be identical with one discovered
by Prof. Max Wolf on November 1st last.
One registered by him on October 23rd
proves, however, as was at first suspected,
to be identical with Jolanda, No. 509, which
was discovered at Konigstuhl in 1903, but
not observed in 1904.
FINE ARTS
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Ideals in Art. By Walter Crane. (Bell
& Sons.) — The author here brings together
a number of occasional essays and addresses,
most of them read from time to time at
the Art Workers' Guild. They cover a very
wide range of subject, from Egyptian
hieroglyphics to cheap cottages at Garden
City. From the circumstances of their pro-
duction, designed to inaugurate informal
discussions among art workers, one might
suppose that they would be rather discur-
sive and genial than closely reasoned or
profound. And such is their character. Mr.
Crane expresses himself with a good deal cf
facility, but scarcely in a manner to stimu-
late inquiry or to convince opponents.
Like many others who feel strongly the
appeal of beauty, he is inspired with a
sense of dismay at the ugliness of modern
life, and associates it in a general and
rather vague way with social conditions.
But he scarcely convinces us by merely
pointing to the unequal distribution of
wealth, since this has been a constant con-
dition of European civilization, and was
perhaps as evident in past epochs of great
artistic productiveness. He suggests that
a Socialistic State would give to every one
the opportunity of exercising his aesthetic
faculties, forgetting that, so far as one can
see, the average man — certainly the average
Englishman — exhausts every other luxury,
and indulges in every other superfluity,
before the claims of art make themselves
importunate. The captious may, indeed,
express some surprise at observing that
Mr. Crane's decorative design has been
so largely produced for the sumptuous
interiors of wealthy patrons. In a chapter
in which the return to the simple life is
extolled we find an account of friezes
executed by the author in gesso " gilded
or silvered and lacquered so as to produce
a low-toned metallic effect. This orna-
ment," he continues, " harmonizes with
richly coloured and rather dark-toned walls
hung with silk or Spanish leather," and he
adds, " but these are by no means cottage
interiors."
Mr. Crane's attempts to correct what he
regards as the false taste of modern dress
do not, if we judge from his drawings,
convince us that the proposed reforms
would be in the interest of beauty. Indeed,
we cannot agree with his disparagement of
the modern dress of women, which both for
beauty of material and design seems to us
to compare favourably with that of many
past epochs when the general level of artistic
feeling was far higher than it is at present.
When one reflects how little indication the
power to dress well gives of its possessors'
taste in other ways, one wonders whether
it is not directed by a faculty altogether
distinct from the aesthetic.
Perhaps the most interesting paper in
the collection is that devoted to raised
work in gesso. Here the whole technique,
of which Mr. Crane is himself the leading
exponent, is fully explained. The book is
amply illustrated by designs taken from
ancient examples and from the author's
own works.
The Spirit of the Age : tlie Work of Fmnk
Brangwyn, A.R.A. With a Critical Essay
by Leonce Benedite. " Artists of the
Present Day Series." (Hodder & Stougli-
ton.) — Of the same handsome format as the
Ingres volume, this deals with an artist
whose position is still in the balance. He
has done good and effective work, and
has shown great courage and freedom,
though he lias perhaps accepted a modern
formula witli something of the same want
of reflection as the academic artist tak> a
to an older one. The question remains
open whether his art will petrify — whether
he will Hv/.antini/.e himself, as he shews
signs of doing, or whether lie will push
further in the direction of subtlety and
truth of expression, and allow the scenic
effectiveness of his work to become corre-
spondingly ioSS prominent. In such circum-
stances one wonders a little whether it is
good either for the artist or the public to
17G
Til E A Til KN'vEUM
N M)85, I'u;. Hi, 1906
treat Ins work in a solemn monograph
with •-<> llaniiiik' a testimonial as M. Benedite
provides. Tin- spirit which inspires 1 1 ■ « -
director "t a gallery to such full recognition
of a voting and foreign artisl is ol ooum
admirable ; we should like to import some
<■! it into <>iii- own management <>f the fine
arts. But his sympathy for the subject
he is treating carries M. Benedite further
than even favourable critics in England
would care t<> follow him. We hardly feel
that Mr. Brangwyn is "the most notable
representative of the British School in all
that appertains to contemporary feeling,"
or that more than any one else he typifies
the spirit of the age. He has no doubt
attempted the difficult and fascinating
problem Of fitting characteristic scenes of
modern industry into the framework of a
large decorative Bcheme; but the rhythm
he lias adopted, the alternation of rounded
hlots of light and dark colour, is too crude
to admit of any of the finer shades of diffe-
rentiation. The fascination he exercises
abroad is perhaps explained by the fact
which .M. Benedite points out — that, like
Mr. Kudyard Kipling, he fits in with a
preconceived ideal of the bluff manliness
and dominating virility of the Anglo-Saxon
race.
Cathedral Cities of England. By George
Gilbert, Illustrated by W. W. Collins, R.I.
(Heinemann.) — Mr. Collins has produced a
remarkably good series of illustrations of
English cathedral cities, which have been
ably reproduced in colour printing. These
sixty plates are on the whole pleasant and
faithful reminders of the places they repre-
sent. The large majority of them are, of
course, concerned with the fabric of the
cathedral churches that have made the
towns where they stand celebrated ; but
some few bear upon city life apart from
the ecclesiastical predominance of the
minster. Thus, there is a winning picture
of Elvet Bridge, Durham, with the great
tower of the cathedral as a mere accessory
of the background ; whilst the market-
places of Ely, Salisbury, Norwich, and
Peterborough are all depicted, the last
being a fine blending of colour. Chester
is the least satisfactory and the worst
restored of England's cathedral churches,
so that Mr. Collins has probably chosen
wisely in allowing only a portion of it to
obtrude in one of the four pictures illus-
trative of that city. There is no sameness
of treatment or of light effects. Lincoln
Cathedral, from the south-west, is repre-
sented in the late twilight of a winter's
afternoon ; the general view of Durham
Cathedral, from the railway, is in the cool
glow of an early summer sunrise ; whilst
the distant view of Ely from the Fens,
the most artistic of the series, is taken
towards the close of a brilliant sunset.
Amongst those of quieter tone, perhaps
the most charming are Chichester Cathedral,
from the north-east, and Norwich, from the
like angle ; in each case the artist has
chosen the best position for seeing the
central spire to the greatest advantage.
Of the various interiors, that of Christ
Church, Oxford, is the best, and well bears
repeated examination. Perhaps the least
satisfactory picture is that of the west
front of Lichfield Cathedral, which is made
to appear sadly overloaded with statuary.
The general north view of Salisbury Cathe-
dral is also disappointing, for the beauties
of the building are almost lost in the super-
abundance of the late spring greenery of
the trees and grass.
Desirable as are Mr. Collins's pictures as
bright mementoes of the manifold charms
of England's cathedral towns, it is a decided
drawback that they ate sesorintod with
such pool- letterpress. CarelcBM Ktatementa
are frequent, and ire are unable to accept
the general architectural assertion! we find
here. For instance, an Anglo-Saxon strip
pilaster is explained as " a slender column " ;
and we are told of the early church that
the altar was always situated at the i
end." Particulars are equally faulty; it
matters little where the hook is Opened.
Thus of ( 'anterhury it is said : —
"In the west end are two massive towers, <<f
which the north-west is Norman, and the south-
west is similar in character, though < inl/att led,
and little inferior to the central tower.
Again, Lichfield is celebrated for its three
spires, but this book speaks of its "great
central tower of 285 feet in height, besides
two western spires 183 feet."
Initia Operum Latinorum quce Sceculis
XIII., XIV., XV. attribuuntur secundum
Ordinem Alphabeti Disposita. Edidit A. G.
Little. (Manchester, University Press.) — It
is with especial pleasure that we welcome
this publication, as showing that the newer
universities of the country are ready to
take their share not only in the development
of modern science, but also in the elucidation
of the past. In publishing this collection
of 6,000 " incipits " Manchester has afforded
to every librarian who has manuscripts
under his care a handbook for the cataloguing
desk which may be of the greatest service,
and will in any case be a useful check on
the attribution of any new work which
comes before him. Books of this class
can only be adequately reviewed after they
have stood the test of long usage : time alone
can show the extent and scope of their useful-
ness. It is not within our experience, for
example, that many MSS. of St. Bernardine
of Siena are found without attribution,
though if any but his most famous sermons
presented themselves in that state they must
up to now have passed perforce unidentified.
Moreover, the chief difficulty of the ordinary
cataloguer is with MSS. which have lost
their first pages, and no practicable scheme
has yet been devised to aid him in this case.
It is unquestionably useful to have the
" incipits " of the Bodleian and Oxford
college libraries, with those of Bale, Tanner,
Wadding, Albertus, Duns Scotus, Bona-
venture, Lully, and others, in a convenient
form, and printed on one side only of the
paper, to allow of additions. The method
adopted for indexing sermons is useful.
THE GOUPIL GALLERY.
In the exhibition of landscapes and studies
of nature in the Highlands of Surrey, now on
view at the Goupil Gallery, Mr. G. Leon
Little shows himself to be possessed of very
considerable technical subtlety combined
with a power of exact appreciation of atmo-
spheric effects. His work is careful and
conscientious, and has a sense of restraint
which forbids any approach to mannerism.
His power of execution is, however, rela-
tively somewhat stronger than Jus power
of arrangement. Twilight, moonlight, and
the grey light of sunless days afford the
atmospheric conditions here most favoured.
The general result is as a consequence some-
what sombre, though the effect is consider-
ably mitigated by the amount of detailed
observation and interpretation of nature
revealed. The topographical unity of the
subjects tends also to impart a certain
additional interest and vitality. There are
traces of the dim presence of the genius loci.
By assiduity of purpose Mr. Little has caught
something of the spirit of the Surrey wood-
lands, and hi- canvase* have the trick of
ng chords of memorj tion.
of this i-pirit is -• en, pi ihaps,
I potently in the picture entitled I!
/.urn. where are depicted the changing play
of Light and shade upon tin- rich full \« -rdun-
of hummer, and the contrasted coofa
of its shadow. As a witDSM of variety of
d we maj cite tin entitled .1
November Morning a slight and exquisite
phony Of winter colour. Attractive
representations of the effects of evening
Light are the M,n J'ojul and
the Latter, a sketch of ■ watered meadow
and hank of trees, having something of the
charm of that brief period after sunset v
"all the air a solemn stillness holds." A
sketch of Walton Heath — slight in texture,
but instinct with life in the fi ri of the
herbage, the blue of the sky, and the scudding
clouds — is one of the rare occasions on which
the artist essays the presence of sunlight.
Of the various Nocturnes, that entitled
A Pond at Moonlight has a curiously elusive
sense of beauty. Wrought in the slightest
of textures, it displays subtlety of technique
and a pervading sense of restraint. The
Abinger Hammer at Night is admirable* in
the contrasts of its composition. Less
effective, however, in its arrangement is the
scene near Shore entitled The Close of Day,
where the road and bank of trees behind
it on the left are suffered to crowd the rest
of the composition into too restricted a space.
The large Twilight is so low in tone that it
may be classed with the Nocturnes. It is
studiously simple in conception — a cottage
seen between tall elms and two children
going towards it dowTi a country lane ; but
this very simplicity approaches the theatrical
— the effort after rusticity has not succeeded
in merging itself in the work. The several
studies of teams of horses ploughing are
careful, but the interest of the subject is
somewhat impaired by the frequency with
which it recurs. The Timber Yard serves
to show in a rather pronounced manner the
occasional lack of selective faculty. This,
indeed, at times militates against the effec-
tiveness of Mr. Little's work, but its quality
of sincerity is such that it is rarely, if ever,
devoid of interest.
THE DOWDESWELL GALLERIES.
The work of Mr. Grosvenor Thomas" is
invested with a certain grace and distinction,
and his power as a colourist is attractively
displayed here in some forty of his paintings.
Such of the landscapes as are defined as to
place are painted, some in England, soiue
in France, but he is relatively unconcerned
with the sense of locality ; his aim seems
rather to be to mirror the evanescent poetry
of Nature, and the aspects under which he
seeks to present her beauty are such as are
most readily associated w ith the works of his
exemplars Corot and Harpignies. In con-
sequence his pictures are taken up with
shadows and reflections. We are shown
how the spreading poplars make a veil against
the wind, so that the air lies heavy; or a
river winding in somnolent fashion among
the trees guarding the base of some old
chateau, or how the woods grow black at
nightfall, and the shadows lengthen and
tremble with the wind. The artist's success
is perhaps greatest in scenes where he intro-
duces still water. Here, in the painting of
the reflections, ho has been able to gratify
to the full his sense of harmony in colours
The Largest of his canvases show his powers
least favourably. In The Mill, where the
image is seen trembling in mirage soft and
evanescent in the dappled waters of the pool,
N°4085, Feb. 10, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
177
its ''effectiveness is lessened by the undue
mistiness of the foreground and the wraith-
like lack of substance of the trunks of the
trees. It seems, indeed, as though the
artist were betrayed into diffuseness by
consciousness of space ; and the same subject
finds more harmonious expression in the
smaller Mill on the Ouse, in which there is
the requisite contrast between shadow and
substance. The mill is portrayed with
minute fidelity of detail. The Morning is,
perhaps, the most successful of the larger
works. The reflections in it are, as usual,
excellently presented. The hour chosen is
before the coming of direct light, and the
atmospheric effects are cool, harmonious,
and sustained. The smaller sketch of the
same composition is, however, no whit
inferior to it in power and impressiveness.
In Near Chagford the treatment of the trees
— feathery as seen in the soft transitional
light — suggests a careful study of Corot ;
and similarly No. 31, A Landscape, conveys
memories of Harpignies, though in this there
is some lack of definiteness in the disposition
of the light. Of the smaller pictures, No. 26,
Evening, seems to breathe something of the
same influence ; the atmospheric effect has,
however, the appearance of being somewhat
broken, and there is something almost of the
separateness of Eastern art in the treatment
of the setting sun and its reflected image.
It is as though it were placed only as a
symbol of the day's departure, so little is its
influence felt beyond the restricted space of
water where its image is seen.
In the blue of the water in flood in Cluden
Waters Mr. Thomas falls short of his accus-
tomed standard of colour-harmony. It is
too bright, without being sufficiently im-
pregnated with light to suggest the condition
of broken water. The River is more success-
ful, though the vitality of the moving water
seems rather to grow less than to increase in
the near foreground. Two studies of the
white of breaking waves are somewhat
lacking in the peculiar luminosity and sense
of atmosphere necessary for the success of
such attempts.
THE RYDER GALLERY.
The exhibition of ' Notes and Sketches '
by Mr. A. L. Baldry consists of studies in
oils, water-colours, and pastels of Hampshire
and Dorsetshire scenes, together with a few
figure subjects. Especially in his water-
colours, which form the most considerable
part of his work, Mr. Baldry shows himself
an able and sympathetic interpreter of the
charm of the soft grey reaches of the downs
and waterways of the southern counties.
His most successful efforts are usually asso-
ciated with the presence of river or sea.
Where there is neither of these his sense of
gradation in distance is apt to seem tentative
and hesitating, as, for instance, in the other-
wise charming A Note in Hampshire or in
the Rain Clouds, though in The Sand-Pits
the steep scarp of the cliff serves admirably
to accentuate by contrast the receding
-distance of the hills above. Wild Weather
is a successful rendering of a river in flood,
the swirl of the water among the reeds and
grasses and the dark bank of foliage beyond
being indicated with restraint and power.
So, too, in Autumn Floods we note the subtle
impressiveness of the trees and of the deep
shadows of the water, also of the inter-
action of deep shadow and dappled light on
the water in An Afterglow.
In The Mouth of the River, one of the
most attractive of the series, the com-
position is admirable, and the effect of
•distance in the belts of the hills is ex-
cellently rendered ; in some other of the
sketches the distant contours appear to be
unduly prominent. Of the two pastels, that
of Christ Church Harbour, which is of great
delicacy of feeling, presentsa dim expanse
of softly moving water as seen in the rich
changing light of sundown.
Mr. Baldry's work in oils is slighter and
somewhat less successful. The effect is often
marred by a certain lack of breadth in the
treatment and a tendency to niggling detail.
This, however, is not in evidence in the little
idyll of spring called Stanpit Marsh, where
the sunlight gleams on green meadows and
waving grasses, the sea is sparlding with
light, and the sky has fleeting April clouds,
or in the little study of Christchurch Quay,
which is full of the captious grace of sunshine.
In his figure subjects Mr. Baldry's sym-
pathies in art are more readily apparent, but
they are by contrast timid and conventional.
The conception and scheme of colour of The
Green Curtain suggest the influence of Albert
Moore ; the drapery, however, is lacking in
simplicity, has no approach to freedom of
fold, and conveys very little suggestion of
form beneath it. The lower extremities of
the figure are academic and hesitating. So
also in The Black Robe, of which the rather
graceful motive is slightly reminiscent of a
sketch by Whistler, the drapery is fretted
into comparative insignificance by tortuous
treatment of detail ; and in The Rambler
the structure of the figure is not convincing.
The two portrait studies show, however,
much delicacy and refinement. In that of
Miss Rosalie Jones there is an ivory-like
smoothness in the modelling which serves
in some degree to recall certain of the
studies of Millais. The sketch of Mrs. F. C.
Yardley is fundamentally Greek in con-
ception and arrangement, but the Hellen-
ism is derived through the Victorian tra-
dition.
THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ROME.
The second open meeting of the British
School at Rome for the present season was
held in the library of the School on Friday,
the 2nd inst. The first paper was read by
the Assistant-Director, Mr. Thomas Ashby,
jun., on excavations at Caerwent (the
ancient Venta Silurum). Work has been
in progress upon this site since 1899, and it
is hoped that it may be continued yet for
several years, as the possibilities of the site
are by no means exhausted. The excava-
tions have been carried on by the Caerwent
Exploration Fund, of the committee of
which Mr. Ashby is a member.
The objects discovered include two inscrip-
tions, one of which, of considerable import-
ance for the history of Roman Britain, was
described by Mr. Haverfield in The Athenaeum
for September 26th, 1903, p. 420 ; while
the other is an interesting dedication to
Mars — the base of a statue, of which, un-
fortunately, only the feet are preserved —
and bears the date August 23rd, 152 a.d.
Accounts of the excavations have been pre-
sented annually to the Society of Antiquaries,
and duly recorded in The Alhentcum.
The second paper, on an historical relief
in the Palazzo Sacchetti, was read by Mr.
A. J. B. Wace, Librarian of the School. He
showed that this relief, which has never yet
been seriously discussed, may be by its style
dated from the time of Septimius Severus.
It represents that emperor presenting his son
Caracallus to the Senate on the occasion
when, after the defeat of Clodius Albinus in
197, he declared him Impcrator dcsti-
natus, and gave him various other honours.
The emperor, whose head is lost, is seated
on a suggestus, and on his right are a headless
figure (probably Fulvius Plautianus, the
Prcefectus prcetorio) and Caracallus himself,
whose head is still preserved and resembles
his busts. Before the suggestus is a group
of senators, one of whom is beardless. There
is a background, consisting of a portico of
the Corinthian order, with a triumphal arch-
way on the left ; what buildings are repre-
sented is uncertain. The relief was placed
fairly high up, to judge by the rough state
of the upper parts of the figures. It is
important as showing that the group as
well as the birdseye perspective style of
historical relief still existed in the time of
Septimius Severus. The front of the sug-
gestus on which the emperor is seated is
ornamented with three knobs. These knobs
seem to point to a wooden construction, or
to a preservation in more solid material of
a peculiarity due to wooden construction.
Such knobs occur on the suggestus visible on
several of the Aurelian panels in the Arch of
Constantine, representing scenes in the field
and in Rome, and also on the suggestus in a
relief commemorating the institution of the
puelloz Faustinianoz in the Villa Albani,
where a mythological figure Roma accom-
panies the emperor. On the other hand,
such knobs do not occur on the base of the
Trojanic fluteus in the Forum, which, accord-
ing to Comm. Boni, represents the tribunal
he has lately discovered. Therefore it seems
reasonable to suppose that this base is not
a suggestus, but, as has hitherto been sup-
posed, a statue base.
Mr. Wace also read a third paper, on Greek
patterns in Italian embroideries, tambour
and drawn- thread work. The principal
Greek pattern consists of a frieze composed
of the tree of life, the Siren, the cock, and
the double-headed eagle. All or only some
of these elements may occur. Each element
degenerates and becomes conventionalized.
The tree of life becomes a vase of flowers.
The Siren turns into a castle writh birds
perched on the turrets. The cock can
become a deer, a horse, a lion, or a cavalier
on horseback. The double-headed eagle
becomes a vase of flowers — under the influ-
ence of the tree of life — with birds perched
on it, or a mannikin. The more degenerate
these patterns, the more do they lose their
geometrical Greek character, and become
free and natural. In their conventionaliza-
tion the usual result seems to be that what
is animal produces animals. Mr. Wace con-
sidered that a prima facie case had been
made out for the Greek origin of these
patterns, but appealed for more light on this
interesting subject.
The papers were all illustrated by lantern-
slides. The meeting was well attended by
foreign scholars and by British residents in
Rome, amongst those present being Sir
Edwin Egerton, the British Ambassador,
and a member of the managing committee ;
Baron de Bildt, Swedish Minister ; Profs.
Korte and Hiilsen, of the German Institute ;
and Dr. J. P. Richter.
SALES.
Mi:ssks. Putticb it Simpson aold on the
2ml inst. the following engravings. After Mor-
land : The Weary Sportsman, by Bond, .'{<•/. ;
The Turnpike (iate, by Ward'. XV. After
Lawrence : Master Lambton, by Cousins. 4.'?/.
After Reynolds: St. (Yeilia (Mrs. Sheridan), by
Diokinson, 321. By and after E. Savage, The
Washington Family, 267. Lady Smythe and Chil
dren, by Bartoloy./.i, 41/. The Soldier's Departure,
and The Soldier's Return, 7S/. The Billeted Soldier,
and The Soldier's Farewell, 521. Selling Cherries,
and Selling Peas, 9W.
Messrs. Christie sold on the 3rd inst. the
following drawings : B. Detaille, Sapeura dea
178
THE ATHENJEUM
N°408">, Feb. 10, 1906
Voltigeursde la Card.', tSl. W. Hunt. A Cottage
[ntonor, with a girl asleep before the fire, 78/.
C. Fielding, A Vim in a Valley, with cattle aear
a pool, SU. , . , . ,
11,.. ume firm sold on the -r>th mat a nurture oi
the Flemish Sohool, The Madonna and Child, with
aaintfl and donors, 107/.
fttu-^rt (5osstp.
At the Carfax Gallery Mr. Graham
Robertson is exhibiting oil paintings, water-
colour drawings, and colour prints.
Mr. Paterson is showing at 5, Old Bond
Street, pictures and water-colours by Mr.
W. Da vies Adams, and bookbindings by
Miss Katharine Adams.
The death is announced at Reading of
Mr. James Peel a landscape painter, who
was born in 1811. He was the oldest
member of the Royal Society of British
Artists, and was taught drawing by Dalziel,
the father of the well-known engravers. He
came to London in 1840, and contributed
several pictures to the Royal Academy.
Mr. Frederick Wedmore's volume,
' Whistler and Others,' has been sent to
the press, and will be published in the early
spring by Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons. Begin-
ning with an essay on ' The Place of Whistler,'
ancf continuing 'with papers upon Crome,
Constable, Goya, Boudin, Fantin, Ruskin,
and Brabazon," the book will end^with some
remarks upon ' The Personality of Watts.'
There will also be included a ' Candid Word
to the English Reader,' by way of Preface.
Besides its efforts in the matter of the
Velasquez, the National Art-Collections Fund
lias already made several gifts to galleries
and museums : The following are the most
important : — ' Fete Champetre, by Watteau,
to the National Gallery of Ireland ; Greek
bronze (from the Hawkins Collection), to
the British Museum ; silver-gilt mounted
jug of Rhodian ware, to the Victoria and
Albert Museum ; panel picture of the
' Madonna and Child,' by Lazzaro Sebas-
tiani, to the National Gallery ; and ' Noc-
turne in Blue and Silver,' by Whistler, to
the National Gallery. We may add that a
subscription of a guinea a year constitutes
membership, and entitles members to a copy
of the Annual Report, in which the objects
given are reproduced, together with par-
ticulars of the prices paid and the names of
subscribers. The address of the Fund is
47, Victoria Street, Westminster,
The death is announced of Pierre Grivolas,
director of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts at
Avignon, in his eighty-second year. M.
Grivolas was a highly successful floral
painter, and his rural scenes and tran-
scripts of Provencal landscapes were very
popular during the later years of the Second
Empire. For over twenty years he had
taken little or no part in the art world of
Paris, but had devoted himself almost en-
tirely to his official post at Avignon, to the
museum of which he presented a large
number of his works. His son, M. Antoine
Grivolas, is, like his father, a painter of
note.
The art galleries of the Vatican are to be
reorganized, or rather their contents are to
be partly rearranged. All the pictures now
hung in the upper floors, and notably the
famous ' Transfiguration ' of Raphael, are
to be rehung in some new and more spacious
rooms near the sculpture gallery, and close
to the library, on the first floor. In the new
rooms will also be hung a number of old
masters, now decorating various miscel-
laneous rooms in the Vatican, and conse-
quently virtually unknown to visitors. The
pictures of modern artists will be placed
together on the second floor.
Ax important sale of Greek coins will take
place at Frankfort on March 12th and
following days. The well-known firm of
Messrs. Adolph Hess Nachfolger have been
directed by the Keepers of the Royal Cabinet
of Berlin to sell by auction the second series
of duplicates resulting from the acquisition
of Dr. Imhoof-Blumer's magnificent collec-
tion. The 1,169 lots, representing coins of
Greece proper and the European islands,
offer a good many rarities. The catalogue
includes four full-page plates.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
needed the eloquence of a Wagner or
of an Annunzio worthily to praise that
composer's art. Why, then, does not
Dr. Strauss show his admiration for
the master by writing music of which
beauty and simplicity are the chief cha-
racteristics ? — not a bald imitation of
Mozart's style, but the adoption of one
which would be as clear to the present
generation as that of Mozart was to his.
Between the Symphony and ' Don
Quixote ' came Brahms's Concerto in
a minor for violin, 'cello, and orchestra
(Op. 102). That work is seldom heard :
it is not a grateful one for the soloists
(who on this occasion were MM. Maurice
Sons and Hugo Becker), neither is it the
outcome of strong inspiration.
Queen's Hall. — Symphony Concert
Strauss's ' Don Quixote ' was performed,
for the second time in England, last
Saturday afternoon at the Queen's Hall,
under the direction of Mr. Henry J.
Wood. Music with a title — especially if
there be some story connected with it,
as, for instance, the ' Devil's Sonata ' of
Tartini, or the ' Harmonious Blacksmith '
of Handel — attracts the public. Strauss's
variations may therefore achieve a tem-
porary succes de curiosite ; the clou of the
work, the bleating sheep of the second
variation, is the very thing to catch the
ear of the crowd. These ' Fantastic
Variations ' (for that is the title given to
them by the composer) are exceedingly
clever, also amusing — though by exag-
geration and prolixity the fun is often
weakened ; yet after all Strauss might
make a better use of his gifts. If, how-
ever, the work be intended as a satire on
programme-music, in which realism plays
an unduly large part, then we should hail
it with delight, for it would be productive
of great good : the bleating of the sheep,
the snoring of Sancho Panza, and other
peculiarities would prove more effective
than the most weighty arguments ; or,
to quote the Latin poet,
Ridieulum aeri
Fortius et melius niagnas plerumque secat res.
And in the analysis of the work in the
programme-book a statement is made
which at any rate suggests a satirical
aim. A friend of the composer, it appears,
has stated that ' Don Quixote ' was written
at a time when Herr Strauss was inclined
to be " conscious of, and ironical at the
expense of, the tragi-comedy of his own
over-zealous hyper-idealism." Had irony
been his aim, his commentator would
scarcely have been induced to see in it
" a musical picture of a beautiful, in-
effectual nature, infinitely pathetic." The
difficult music, which had cost many a
rehearsal, was very well played, the solo
'cello part being rendered by that excellent
artist Herr Becker.
The programme began with Mozart's
fresh and beautiful Symphony in r>,
written for the wedding of Elsie Haffner.
A propos of Mozart, Dr. Strauss, recently
interviewed by the Berlin correspondent
of the Vienna Neue Freie Presse, re-
marked, among other things, that it
Bechstein Hall. — Wessely Quartet.
Owing to the number of concerts taking
place every week, a selection even of those
worthy of notice has to be made. A few
words must, however, be said about the
third of the excellent series of chamber
concerts now being given by the Wessely
Quartet at the Bechstein Hall. The pro-
gramme commenced with Beethoven's
Quartet in a minor, Op. 132, containing
the impressive Canzona di ringraziamento
in modo lidico offerta alia divinita da un
guarito. The composer's last quartets
certainly contain passages which show will
rather than inspiration, but that can
scarcely be said of the one in question.
The rendering of the work on Wednesday
evening was admirable ; there was marked
intelligence combined with true feeling. A
Fantasy in G for quartet by Mr. Frederick
Corder was performed for the first time.
It is a pleasing work, with variety in the
thematic material, which is treated in a
clever, yet not dry manner ; moreover, it
is of reasonable length.
Jttnstcal (5ossip.
Miss Maud MacCarthy, whose two orches-
tral concerts last summer were so successful,
gave the first of three recitals at the Queen-
Hall last Thursday week in the evening.
She first played Beethoven's ' Kreutzer "
Sonata with Mr. Percy Grainger, yet, in
spite of much good playing, the rendering
of the music was not over impressive. She
was afterwards heard in Saint - SaensV
b minor Concerto, and in the middle
movement she displayed great charm. The
Allegro and Finale were less successful, but
without orchestral accompaniment the soloist
cannot be heard to the best advantage. The
programme included eight songs by Miss
Isabel Hearne. The composer has evidently
a strong fear of falling into the commonplace..
and this fear leads her at times into some-
what dry paths. She clearly has ideas,
though as yet she does not seem able fully
to realize them ; in such matters, however,
time and experience are valuable. Mr.
Frederick Austin sang with artistic skill.
Madame Carreno gave a recital at Bech-
stein Hall last Saturday afternoon. Her
principal solo was Beethoven's ' Waldsteirt '
Sonata. Her reading of the beautiful work
was at all points interesting, and the various
moods of the music found a completely sym-
pathetic interpreter. None of the poetry of
N°4085, Feb. 10, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
179
the Adagio was missed, while the Finale
was presented with the needful grip and
■decision. Madame Carreno also gave effec-
tive and artistic performances of Chopin's
^Nocturnes in c minor and g major and
Ballades in g minor and A flat.
The second volume of Grove's 'Diction-
ary of Music and Musicians' (F — L), edited
by Mr. J. A. Fuller-Maitland, has just been
published.
The death is announced of Frau Rosa von
Milde, the Elsa at the production of ' Lohen-
grin ' under the direction of Liszt at Weimar,
August 28th, 1850. She was in her seventy-
ninth year.
Mr, Donald Francis Tovey, with the
assistance of the Joachim Quartet, recently
gave two ehamber concerts at Berlin, the
programmes of which were devoted to the
music of Brahms. To-day he is beginning
a series of recitals at Broadwood's, devoted
to the pianoforte works of Beethoven.
On January 29th, 1781, Mozart's opera
* Idomeneo ' was produced under his direc-
tion at the " new opera-house," Munich.
That house still stands : it is the well-known
Residenz theatre. The Allgemeine Musik-
Zeitung justly complains that the manage-
ment took no notice of the 150th anniversary
of the composer's birth. Mozart's ' Titus '
was ]>erformed at the Court Theatre, but at
the Residenz, Sudermann's play ' Heimat.'
Musical autographs of Brahms, Joachim,
and others have been found among the papers
of the late J. O. Grimm. There is also a
copy of a Missa canonica for female voices
toy Brahms, which Max Kalbeck, the com-
poser's biographer, thought had been con-
-signed to the flames. It consists of a Kyrie,
Sanctus, Benedictus, and Agnus Dei.
A monument to J. P. E. Hartmann,
■erected in St. Anne's Square, Copenhagen)
was unveiled on December 29th. The com-
poser, the father-in-law of Gade, and for
many years director of the Copenhagen
"Conservatorium, died in 1900 at the age of
ninety-five.
At the forthcoming Bayreuth festival the
two principal roles in ' Tristan und Isolde '
will be taken by Herr Ernst Kraus, from
Berlin, and Frau Marie Wittich, from
Dresden. Frau Zdenka Fassbender, from
Karlsruhe, will impersonate Kundry at
*ome of the performances of ' Parsifal.'
The visit of the band of the Garde Repub-
licaine has been postponed for a week. Per-
formances will be given every night at Covent
Garden for a fortnight from the 17th inst.,
with matinees on Wednesdays and Satur-
days.
Under the auspices of the Paris Schola
Cantorum, a Society des Chansons de France
has been founded. A meeting will be held
at Grenoble in the spring, under the presi-
dency of the poet Frederic Mistral.
I hi: Allgemeine Musik-Zeitung of the
2nd inst. refers to its previous statement
that Gabrielle Krause died in 1903. It
acknowledges its error. The report of her
death in 1903, it asserts, was never contra-
dicted ; moreover, it notes the fact that
October, 1903, is the date given in the latest
Qerman edition (1905) of Dr. Riemann's
Mm ik Lrxikon.'
PERFORMANCES NEXT WKEK.
-
Moa
Sunday Society Con ten's HaU.
s.mduv IiAipie Concert. 7, Queen's Hull
London SymiihoDj Concert. 8, Queen * Hall.
Mr Iniaz Friedman'! Pianoforte Recital, 3, SclUaa HaU,
Mis* Maud Had aiihv ► Violin Recital, 3, Queen's Hall.
Win Mr Robert Newman's Annual Concert, 8, Queen's HaU
— Mr. Pen; Waller'! Pianoforte Recital. R 18, Bechstein Hall
Tin n Mia Lena Ashwell'i Recital, 3 SO, Bechstein Hall
— Chamber Concert ISO, Leighton Hon
M V Mile Rivarde't Violin Recital v Queen's HaU
— Alma Mater Male Choir. 8.30, Bernstein Hall
Tunis. Miss Ruby Holland and Miss P. Gotch's Recital, 8.30, .Eoliari
Hall.
Pat. Mr. Theodore Hollands Concert. :!. Bechstein HaU.
— Miss Olive C. Malverys Recital. 3.30. jEolian Hall.
— Mr. Herbert Sandbv s Cello Recital. 8.15. Bechstein Hall.
— Misa Lucy Fydells Recital. 8.30, .Eolian Hall.
Sat. M. Lamond's Pianoforte Recital. :t. Bechstein HalL
— Mozart Society Concert. 3. Portman Rooms.
— Symphony Concert, 3, Queen's Hall.
— Mr. Ikraald Francis Tovey's Pianoforte Recital, 3.1.">. Broad-
— Miss Era Kelsey's Recital. 3.30, JEolian HaU.
— Garde Republicaine, 8, Corent Garden.
DRAMA
THE WEEK.
St. James's. — His House in Order : a
Comedy in Four Acts. By Arthur W.
Pinero.
To the initiate the new comedy with which
Mr. Pinero brings back prosperity to the
St. James's Theatre is at the outset almost
a piece a. cle. It shows the revolt of a
bright, girlish, jocund nature against the
joyless formalism to which it has been
subject, and by which it has been almost
crushed. Nina, its heroine, is the second
wife of a Puritan legislator whose rigidly
Calvinistic moral code has not prevented
him, even in the lifetime of his wife, from
making love to the governess of her son.
The subsequent marriage with the partner
in his offence has been a mistake. A
bright -eyed, careless, rather madcap little
minx, Nina shocks all the proprieties, and
it is as much with a view of keeping her
in order as the house that Filmer Jesson,
her husband, brings into the place as
housekeeper his deceased wife's sister
Geraldine Ridgeley. It is apparently in
a mood of penitence, and as an attempt
at expiation for his breach of conjugal
faith, that Filmer presents to the adjacent
borough, for which he is member of Parlia-
ment, a public park as a species of souvenir
of his deceased wife. The occasion is to
be commemorated by a kind of funereal
pomp. To honour it the house includes
as visitors the dead wife's father Sir
Daniel Ridgeley, Lady Ridgeley, her
mother, and their detestable son Pryce
Ridgeley ; Hilary Jesson, the host's
brother, the minister to one of the
South American republics ; and a Major
Maurewarde, a friend and tame or half-
tamed cat of the family. In order
to complete the dramatis persona* we
must include the dead wife in whose
honour the function is held, and who,
though unseen, is felt to " animate
the whole." Every species of insult and
oppression is exercised upon Nina by her
husband and the relatives of the dead
woman. Hilary and Major Maurewarde
feel for her. though their advocacy is
powerless, and the former constitutes
himself the young girl's adviser and
friend.
Two acts are thus passed, when hey !
presto ! as with a conjurer's wand the
state of affairs is reversed. An accident,
improbable in itself, but ingeniously con-
trived, puts the heroine in possession
of some terribly compromising letters
addressed to her predecessor. From these
it is but too clear that the supposed
saint was a wanton, and had long been
the mistress of Major Maurewarde. who
is. in fact, the father of the boy passing
as the son of the house. Armed with this
weapon, Nina is indeed, as Hilary calls
her, " the upper dog," and contemplates
an exemplary revenge. The lessons of
Hilary, nevertheless, bear fruit. The
oppressed woman sets a noble example of
forgiveness and self-abnegation ; 'i the in-
criminating documents are burnt by
her ; and the miserable Ridgeleys are
left in ignorance of their shame. It has
been necessary, however, to bring the
letters to the knowledge of the husband,
who is able to contrast the nobility of his
second wife with the treachery of the first,
and who not too speedily clears the
offensive Ridgeleys out of the house.
No pretence is made in this summary
to do justice to a drama of fine observation
and palpitating interest. Since his ' Gay
Lord Quex ' Mr. Pinero has written nothing
so brilliant and convincing. Once more
he establishes his right to be classed with
the foremost living dramatists. His work
is, moreover, not more bright than original.
A slight amount of resemblance to ' Frou-
frou ' may perhaps be seen in the relations
between Nina and Geraldine Ridgeley,
but there is nothing to suggest the slightest
indebtedness. Mildly and pleasantly in-
teresting and stimulating in the first two
acts, the piece rises in the third to a point
of intensity from which it never recedes.
A happy feature in it, indeed, is that the
secret is kept to the end, and that no
inducement could easily drag the play-
goer from the house before the denouement
is reached. A good interpretation is
afforded. Miss Irene Vanbrugh is an
ideal representative of the heroine, and
Mr. Alexander gives a sympathetic repre-
sentation of the hero. More atrociously
repulsive characters than the Ridgeleys
have never been put on the stage, and we
have a grudge against Mr. Pinero for
letting them off so lightly. Even the
compromised Major Maurewarde — " sulks"
Maurewarde, as he is popularly called —
finds in Mr. Dawson Milward a lifelike
representative. The play constitutes a
needed vindication of our English drama.
New Royalty. — La Petite Fonctionnaire :
Comidie en Trois Aetes. Par Alfred
Capus. — Un Conscil Judicioire : Comedie
en Trots Actes. Par Jules Moinaux et
Alexandre Bisson.
With the appearance of Mile. Jeanne
Thomassin and M. Felix Martin Galipauz
a reign of the lightest and most diverting
comedy has set in at the New Royalty.
A debutante of the Theatre du Pare at
Brussels, and during seven years at the
Theatre Michel. St. Petersburg. Mile.
Thomassin " created " at the Xouveautes
the role of Suzanne Borel, the post-
mistress in ' La Petite Fonctionnaire.'
which she has repeated in London, and
has since been seen as Pauline Thomery
in ' Un Conseil Judiciaire.' In both
pieces she shows herself one of the prettiest
and daintiest French artists who have
recently invaded London, and would
probably, in ease of a Longer stay, eclipse
in popularity rivals of more eminence.
M. ( ialipaUX, who is also a reciter and to a
180
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4085, Feb. 10, 1906
certain extent an author, created an emi-
nently favourable impression as Pagevin,
the -comic advocate in ' Un Conseil
Judiciaire.' First produced at the Paris
Vaudeville on November 9th, 1886, the
piece has only escaped the English adapter
in consequence of its plot turning on a
point in French civil law to which nothing
in English jurisprudence corresponds.
Court. — Afternoon Performance. A Ques-
tion of Age : a Comedy in Three Acts.
By Robert Vernon Harcourt. — The
Convict on the Hearth. By Frederick
Fenn.
Or the two pieces given at the Court on
Tuesday afternoon, the comedy of Mr.
Robert Vernon Harcourt is the more
ambitious and the less successful. It has
some bright dialogue and some clever
satire of modern life, but is without story,
and is played with painful deliberation.
It presents, moreover, social life so modern
as to be outside ordinary ken. With a
more significant and less sleepy exposition
it might reveal merits now imperceptible.
A breezy performance by Mr. Fred Kerr
of a colonel failed to compensate for
general inanition.
Mr. Fenn's ' Convict on the Hearth ' is
a clever and effective presentation of the
reception of a convict released from jail.
At so late a period of the entertainment
was it produced, however, owing to the
dilatoriness of those looking after the
previous piece, that justice could scarcely
be done to a work demanding serious
attention.
dramatic (Jlossip.
' The Younger Generation ' is the title
of a one-act piece, by Miss Netta Syrett,
which at Terry's Theatre precedes Mr.
Henry Arthur Jones's bright comedy ' The
Heroic Stubbs.' The motive in this, sug-
gested in the " O matre pulchra filia piil-
ehrior," of Horace, is the rivalry between a
fair and amorous widow and a fairer daughter,
ending in the rather pathetic resignation by
the former of her rule over masculine destiny.
The mother was well played by Miss Irene
Rooke.
The German season at the Great Queen
Street Theatre ended on Saturday last. A
further season will begin on the 16th inst.
with Maxim Gorki's ' Nachtasyl,' known to
Englishmen as ' The Lower Depths.' ' Das
Erbe,' by Philippi, ' Kinder des Excellenz,'
by Ernst von Wolzogen, and Schiller's
' Maria Stuart ' are also promised.
Visitors to the German plays during the
past season must be aware that the per-
formances have received inadequate support.
Quasi-official information to the same effect
is now furnished, and the reasons — easily
enough to be divined — for the state of affairs
are supplied. For the future, accordingly, the
visit of Herr Andresen's company will extend
over no more than six weeks, and will form
part of a tour including the principal towns
of Belgium and the Netherlands, where the
German residents are numerous, and not,
it seems, like those in England, voluntarily
submerged in the country in which they
dwell.
' My Cousin Marco,' a three-act farce by
Mr. Arthur Law, has been produced by Mr.
Weedon Grossmith at the Theatre Royal,
Canterbury. In this rather extravagant
work Mr. Grossmith plays an Italian waiter
passing as a count.
The fact that Mr. Arthur Collins and Mr.
Hall Caine are both at St. Moritz has led
to many conjectures as to a new drama at
Drury Lane.
The next new drama at the Imperial will
be the work of Sir Conan Doyle, and will be
founded on the Brigadier-General set of
stories.
The annual play of the Oxford University
Dramatic Society will be produced every
night from February 21st to 27th inclusive,
omitting Sunday, and will be ' Measure for
Measure,' which, we believe, has not been
seen for exactly thirty years, when it was
produced by Miss Neilson at the Hay-
market Theatre. Several of the leading
members of the club have been unable to
take part, but the following ladies are
assisting : Miss Maud Hoffman.. Miss Edith
Coleman, Miss Alice Leigh, and Miss Walker.
The incidental music is by Mr. Robert Cox,
an undergraduate of St. John's.
The latest play by Sudermann, ' The
Floral Boat,' which has not yet been acted
in Germany, was recently performed in
St. Petersburg, and proved of great interest.
The dramatist Nikolai Alexandrovitch
Lejkin, whose death in his sixty-sixth year
is reported from St. Petersburg, was a prolific
writer, his published plays filling forty
volumes. They were for the most part
representations of the middle-class life of
Russia, especially in commercial circles.
As an " epilogue " to the visit to Paris of
the London County Council, Shakspeare is
to have a new monument erected to his
memory in the French capital. It is to be
inaugurated to-day, close to the place where
the first adaptation of ' Hamlet ' was played
in 1769. M. Jules Claretie is announced
to preside on this interesting occasion. The
sculptor is M. Charles Jacquot, a pupil of
Falguiere.
The reception at the Theatre Antoine in
Paris of ' Le Vieux Heidelberg,' an adapta-
tion by MM. Remon and Bauer of ' Alt-
Heidelberg,' was hospitable without being
enthusiastic. M. Maupre, a youth, made a
highly successful appearance as the prince.
To Correspondents.— L. R.— W. W.— J. C. T.— G. P.—
(j. G.— E. F. S.— received.
V. K.— Certainly. S. H. M.— Many thanks.
Xo notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Page
Authors' Agents 153
Bagster & Sons 182
Batsford 155
Bell & Sons 180
Catalogues 154
Chatto & Windus 157
Dent 158
Duckworth & Co 155
Educationai 153
Exhibitions 153
Hurst & Bi.ackett 160
Hutchinson 181
Lectures 15S
Longmans 183
Sampson Low, Marston~& Co 182
Macmillan & Co 158,160
Magazines, &c 153
Methuen 159
Miscellaneous 153
Mudie's Library 155
Notes and Queries 182
Oxford Press 160
Kegan Paul 156
routledge & sons 184
Sales by Auction . . .154
Situations Vacant 153
Situations Wanted 153
Stock 183
Type-writers 163
MESSRS. BELL'S
NEW BOOKS.
CATALOGUE sent post jree on application.
YARIORUM EDITION OF BEAUMONT
AND FLETCHER.
THE WORKS OF FRANCIS
BEAUMONT AND JOHN FLETCHER.
Under the General Editorship of A. H.
BULLEN. In 12 vols. 8vo, 10a. M. net
each. [ Vols. I. and II. now ready.
" The previous labours of Mr. Bullen have fitted
him for the task now in progress, and its accom-
plishment may be regarded as the crown of
editorial work by which scholarship has largely
profited. " — A thenceum
JUST PUBLISHED, small 4to, 10a. 6d. net.
THE ITINERARY OF JOHN
LELAND IN WALES, in or about the
Years 1536-1539. Extracted from his MSS.,
arranged and edited by LUCY TOULMIN
SMITH. With a Map.
The remainder of the work, ' The
Itinerary in England,' is in the press.
"The book of the week so far as Wales is con-
cerned Where the evidence of Leland is espe-
cially valuable is in his notes on decayed churches
and lost boundaries and the like. He is interesting
in a passage. — now freshly added — about the old
town walls and gates and towers of Denbigh town..
His record of sixteenth -century Wales is
invaluable."
Ernest Rhys in the Manchester Guardian.
NEW VOLUME OF THE
ART GALLERIES OF EUROPE
With numerous Illustrations, crown 8vo, 6s. net.
THE ART OF THE VENICE
ACADEMY. By MARY" KNIGHT POTTER.
NEW EDITION OF
SCRIVENER'S GREEK TESTAMENT.
NOVUM TESTAMENTUM
GRAECE. Edited, with Various Readings,
Parallel Passages, &c, by F. H. A.
SCRIVENER, M.A. D.C.L. LL.D. Fourth
Edition, Revised and Corrected by Prof.
Dr. EB. NESTLE. Printed on India Paper,
limp cloth, 6a. net ; limp leather, 7a. 6d. net %
or interleaved with writing paper, limp leather,.
10s. Qd. net. [Beady February 14.
Crown 8vo, 4a. Qd. net.
BROWNING AND DOGMA. Being
Seven Lectures on Browning's Attitude to-
Dogmatic Theology. By ETHEL M. NAISH.
Post 8vo, 6s. net.
STUDIES IN POETRY AND
CRITICISM. By J. CHURTON COLLINS.
Contents: — The Poetry and Poets of America —
The Collected Works of Lord Byron— The Collected
Poems of William Watson— The Poetry of Mr.
Gerald Massey — Miltonic Myths and their Authors
— Longinus and Greek Criticism— The True Func-
tions of Poetry.
London: GEORGE BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N°4085, Feb. 10, 1906 THE ATHENJEUM W
MESSRS. HUTCHINSON & CO.'S LATEST BOOKS
FOURTH THOUSAND
" The most remarkable travel book that has ever been published."— Graphic.
WITH FLASHLIGHT AND RIFLE in Equatorial East Africa
A Record of Hunting Adventures and Studies in Wild Life
By C. G. SCHILLINGS
Translated by FREDERIC WHYTE. With an Introduction by Sir H. H. JOHNSTON, G.C.M.G. K.C.B.
Hlustrated with 302 of the Author's "untouched" Photographs taken by day and night
Printed throughout on English art paper in two handsome vols, super-royal 8vo, 24s. net.
" An entrancing work. His photographs are positively wonderful ; his letterpress is vivid." — Standard.
SECOND EDITION
"If this fascinating book gets half the success it deserves it will be one of the catches of the winter season."— Daily Chromclk
TWENTY YEARS IN PARIS being Some Recollections of a Literary Life By Robert H.
SHERARD. In cloth gilt, gilt top, illustrated with Portraits, &c. , 16s. net.
*' A book of the most varied, vivid, and delightful recollections." — Truth.
THIRD LARGE EDITION
THE RUSSIAN COURT IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY By Fitzgerald Molloy, Author
of 'The Romance of Royalty,' 'The Sailor King,* &c. In 2 vols, demy 8vo, cloth gilt and gilt top. Illustrated with 2 Photogravure Frontispieces
and 24 full-page Plates on art paper, 24s. net.
" As fascinating a page of real histor}' as could be well imagined." — Daily Mail.
" The story is full of fascination." — Daily News.
SECOND LARGE EDITION
THE LIFE OF QUEEN HENRIETTA MARIA By I. A. Taylor, Author of ' Lord Edward
Fitzgerald,' &c. In 2 vols, demy 8vo, cloth gilt and gilt top, with 32 Full-Page Illustrations, and 2 Photogravure Frontispieces, 24s. net.
The SPECTATOR says : — " Miss Taylor's already considerable literary reputation will be much increased by this very able and admirably illustrated
book. Here we see all the historical knowledge that is available brought to bear upon a purely artistic purpose. The object of these volumes is to present
to us, not a period of history, but a Uving personality, to whom for the nonce the whole period is a skilfully sketched background, subordinated but true to
nature Miss Taylor has achieved an artistic triumph, her canvas is alive The story of the long sixteen years' exile is told with consummate skill."
SECOND LARGE EDITION
MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS her Environment and Tragedy By T. F. Henderson In 2 vols.
large demy 8vo, cloth gilt and gilt top, with 96 Full-Page Illustrations printed on Art Paper and 2 Photogravure Frontispieces, 24a. net.
Mr. Andrew Lang, in a long review in the Manchester Guardian, saj-s : — " All that Mr. Henderson writes is very interesting. The book deserves
the hearty welcome which students of the Queen's career will give. All the central part of the book is of very high merit."
" Mr. Henderson's account of Mary in Scotland is throughout excellent. The book will be welcome to the relatively large public which studies the
history of the unhappy Queen." — Spectator.
TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL ISSUE
THE YEAR'S ART 1906 A Concise Epitome of all Matters relating to the Art of Painting,
Sculpture, Engraving, and Architecture, and to Schools of Design, which have occurred during the Year 1905. Compiled b}^ A. C. R. CARTER.
In crown 8vo, cloth, 570 pages, 3s. 6d. net. [This day.
THE NOVELS of the Spring
Messrs. Hutchinson & Go. ivill publish this Spring New Novels by
"Lucas Malet," Mrs. Katherine Cecil Thurston, Mr. Rider Haggard, Mr. Richard Whitehig,
Ellen Thorneycroft Fowler, "Allen Raine," Guy Thome, Mr. Frankfort Moore,
and other well-known Authors.
%* Orders should be placed in aduance for these New Novels, which are sure to be in large demand.
THE GAMBLER, the New Novel by KATHERINE CECIL THURSTON,
Author of * John Chilcote, MP.' The first very large Edition lias been
Subscribed for before Publication, and a SECOND LARGE EDITION is
in PREPARATION.
In handsome cloth gilt, 6a., with Illustrations. [On Monday hut,
London : HUTCHINSON & CO. Paternoster Row.
182
THE ATHENAEUM
X"408->, Feb. 10, 1906
PBENEZER P ROUT'S WORKS.
-Li Bound, mdk u<t *t
JIAKMON'Y: iu Tlwory and Practice. Nineteenth Luiurcitioa.
AN M.YTK'AI. KKV TO TIIK KXKKCISES lu the Same. Ret it.
OOUNTERPOINT : stn.t and hn
DPUBL1 COUNTERPOINT AMD CANON.
VDOOB.
11 SAL ANALYSIS.
MU8ICAL POR1I.
APPLIED FORMS.
J'MK oncHKSTKA. | vol*.
AUQENEB) Ltd , 6, New Burlingtou Street, and 22, Newgate Street.
NOW READY.
TENTH EDITION, price Two Shilling*
CELESTIAL MOTIONS:
A Handy Book of Astronomy.
Tenth Edition. With 3 Plates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.,
Associate of King's College, London ; Lay Reader in the Diocese of Southwark,
Author of ' Remarkable Comets,' ' Remarkable Eclipses,' ' Astronomy for the Young,' &c.
" Well known as one of our best introductions to astronomy." — Guardian.
London- SAMPSON LOW MARSTON & CO Lm 15a Paternoster Row FT
Price 10s. 6c7. net.
THE
NINTH SERIES
SEVENTH EDITION, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
REMARKABLE ECLIPSES:
A Sketch of the most interesting Circumstances connected with the
Observation of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, both in Ancient and Modem Times.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
GENERAL INDEX
OF
SOTES AND QUERIES.
With Introduction by
JOSEPH KNIGHT, F.S.A.
This Index is double the size of
^previous ones, as it contains, in
addition to the usual Index of Sub-
jects, the Names and Pseudonyms
of Writers, with a list of their
-Contributions. The number of con-
stant Contributors exceeds eleven
•hundred. The Publisher reserves
the right of increasing the price of
■the volume at any time. The
number printed is limited, and the
*type has been distributed.
Free by post, 10s. lid.
-JOHN C. FRANCIS, Note* and Queries Office,
Bream's Buildings, E.C.
London : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
TWELFTH EDITION, JUST OUT, price Sixpence, cloth.
REMARKABLE COMETS:
A Brief Survey of the most interesting Facts in the History of Cometary
Astronomy.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
THIRD EDITION EXHAUSTED.
FOURTH EDITION, Revised to 1905, NOW READY, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
ASTRONOMY FOR THE YOUNG.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
FIRST EDITION EXHAUSTED.
SECOND EDITION NOW READY, price One Shilling.
BIBLE CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Becorded in the Holy Scriptures, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates, with a Description of the Places named,
and a Supplement on English Versions.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
SECOND EDITION, fcap. 8vo, price Fourpence.
NEW TESTAMENT CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Recorded in the New Testament, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
NEXT WEEK'S ATHENJEUM will contain
Articles on B. L. PUTNAM WE ALE'S THE
RESHAPING OF THE FAB EAST.
DB. VEBB ALL'S ESSAYS ON FOUB
PLAYS OF EUBIPIDES.
Published by JOHN CL FRANCIS, Brain's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
N°4085, Feb. 10, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
183
MESSRS. LONGMANS & CO.'S LIST.
THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND.
Edited by the Rev. WILLIAM HUNT, D.Litt., President of the Royal Historical Society,
AND
REGINALD LANE POOLE, M.A. Ph.D., Editor of the ' English Historical Review.'
To be issued in 12 volumes. The price of each Volume is 7s. 6d. net, if sold separately, but
Complete Sets may be subscribed for through the Booksellers at the price oj £4 net, payment being made
at the rate of 6S. 8d. net on the delivery of each Volume.
NEW VOLUME BY DR. THOMAS HODGKIN.
FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE
NORMAN CONQUEST.
By THOMAS HODGKIN, D.C.L. Litt.D.
Fellow of University College, London, Fellow of the British Academy.
With 2 Maps. [Just published.
Vol. II. FROM 1066-1216. Bv George Bvktox Adams, Professor of Historv in Yale Universitv.
With 2 Maps. [Ready.'
Vol. III. FROM 1216-1377. By T. F. Tout. M.A., Professor of Medieval and Modern History in
the University of Manchester. With 3 Maps. [Ready.
Vol. X. FROM 1760-1801. By the Rev. William Hint. M.A. D.Litt., Trinity College. Oxford.
With 3 Maps. [Ready.
INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY: a Comparative Study of Industrial
Life in England, Germany, and America. By ARTHUR SHADWELL, M.A. M.D., Author of
' Drink, Temperance, and Legislation.' 2 vols. 8vo, 26*. net.
%* The author is careful to explain that his new work has no connexion with the "fiscal controversy."
It was planned, and the investigation on which it is based ivas carried out, fee writes, before the present
controversy arose. "But it was inspired by the same circumstances,— namely, the growing pressure of
international competition in industry, which is evidently going to be the warfan ofthefuture. It essays to
deal with the other sidt of that problem, and to examim the conditions under which industries an carried
on in the three leading industrial countries, apart from tariffs."
COMMERCIAL SUPREMACY AND IMPERIALISM. By Victor
BERARDof the Revue de Paris. Translated from the French by H. W. FOSKETT, M.A.,
New College, Oxford. 8vo, 7s. 6d. net. [On Monday next.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION : a Critical and Speculative
Treatise of Man's Religions Experience and Development in the Light of Modern Science and
Reflective Thinking. By GEORGE TRUMBULL LADD, Professor of Philosophy in Yale
University. 2 vols. 8v< >. 28». net. [On Monday n< xt.
%* This may hi considered as tin culmination of the psychological and philosophical works of Prof.
I. add. The first rohmn considers religion as an historical development, and treats of the psychology of
religious experience. In the second volume the problems proposed by tin psychological and historical
method are discussed under tin general subjects of good as tin object of religious faith, tin relation of God
and thr: world, and the destiny of the ract from tin point of view of religious eajx rit nc( .
NEW COLLECTED RHYMES. By Andrew Lang. Crown 8vo,
is. 9d. net.
Loyal L-yrks — Cricket Rhymes — Jubilee Poems Critical of Life, Art, and Literature — Folk Songs
—Ballads.
THE HEALTH OF OUR CHILDREN IN THE COLONIES:
a Book tor Mothers. By LILIAN AUSTIN* ROBINSON, M.D. Crown Svo, 2ft »W. net.
THE SILVER LIBRARY.— Three New Volumes.
SELECTIONS FROM THE WRITINGS OF LORD MACAULAY.
Edited, with Occasional Notes, bv the Right Hon. Sir (J. (). THKVELVAN, Bart. Crown Bvo,
:; , M.
A FARMER'S YEAR : being his Commonplace Book for 1898.
By H. RIDER HAGGARD. With 36 Illustrations. Cheaper Reissue. Crown Svo. 3* 6d.
STELLA FREGELIUS : a Tale of Three Destinies. By H. Rider
HAGGARD. Cheaper Reissue Crown 8vo, 3s. Od.
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO. 30, Paternoster Row, London, E.G.; New York nnd Bombny.
ELLIOT STOCK'S
NEW BOOKS.
NEW YOLUME OF ESSAYS BY THE AUTHOR
OF 'OBITER DICTA.'
In square crown 8vo, appropriately bound,
price 5s. net.
IN THE NAME OF
THE BODLEIAN,
AXD OTHER ESSAYS.
By the Right Hon. AUGUSTINE BIRRELL, M.P.r
Honorary Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge.
" Mr. Birrell can discourse with edifying gaiety
on a trite matter like epitaphs, and sympathize
with such a derelict set as the Non-Jurors. He
is, perhaps, at his best when writing about the
eighteenth century, but the m dern barbarian and
book oollector also come in for happy treatment
from his pen." — Athenceum.
Crown 4to, suitably bound, and embellished by many
Illustrations of the Locality, price 15*. net.
NOTES ON THE EARLIER
HISTORY OF THE TOWN' OF BARTON-OX.
HUMBER. By ROBERT BROWN, F.S.A. Illus.
trated by Views, Plans and Maps.
In demy 4to, bound in cloth, gilt lettered, price 10*'. 6rf.
HISTORIC A L TOMBSTONES
OF MALACCA : Mostly of Portuguese and Dutch
Origin. With Inscriptions in Detail, and illustrated by
numerous Photographs. By R. N. BLAND.
In crown Svo, cloth, gilt lettered, price te. net.
SCHOOL AND SPORT: ct
Record of Work and Leisure. By TOM COLLINs,
late Head Master of the Newport, Salop. Grammai
School, formerly Assistant Master King Edward's
School, Birmingham.
In crown Svo, cloth, price &'. Gd.
SINGING; or. Method of Song
and Speech, By A SINGER, LLD. D.C.L.
In crown Svo, paper cover, price Id.
THE UNEMPLOYED : Cause
and Cure. By OXE of THEM. Addressed to Every.
body.
NEW VOLUME8 OF VERSE.
XOW READY, tastefully printed and bound in cloth, gilt
lettered, price 8*. 8 ■>.
VERSES TO MANY FRIENDS.
ByM. BRYANT.
"The volume should not fail to please any lover of poetry
who takes it up." — Scotsman.
In crown Svo, bound in cloth, price 3s. C«f.
THE DUKE OF ENGHIEN,
and other Poems. Ry P. S. HOLLINGS.
"Interesting anil pleasing. The bonk should find its best
pleased readers among those who look for verse and rhyme
as giving the proper relief tor thoughts too studious and
earnest for prose." — Scotsman.
NEW NOVELS.
In crown Svo, cloth, nilt lettered, price 6ft not.
BARR AND SON. The Story of
a Modem Knight Errant By EDWIN ELUOTT,
Author of 'Who i> My Brother?' 'Denys Forsaith's
Romance,1 'Curse of Xicotil,' 'Master of Culver,'
' Netta,' ' United,1 &c.
In crown Svo, cloth.'uilt lettered, prii
RUTH FIELDING: a Doable
LoveStorjr. By Mrs. F. A. l akkak
"The wrltei treats familiar elements in a newly interest-
ing way, making her characters distinctly attractive."
I»n>d.v Ad PCI '
ELLIOT STOCK,
62, Paternoster Row . London,
E.(
184 T II E A T H E N JE U M N°4085, Feb. 10, 1906
ROUTLEDGE'S
NEW UNIVERSAL LIBRARY.
1 Printed on opaque paper, neatly and elegantly bound, with ^^
Si llCu gilt lettering and a gilt design on the back of the cover ^™«- £*Co
Clotll. (6 inches by 4) ; where necessary, Annotated and Indexed. lCSltllCr.
The increasing demand for handy, elegant editions of the books which have come to be recognized as the Classics of the "Western
World cannot have escaped the attention of readers of the Athenceum and of all who frequent booksellers' shops and bookstalls. It is
interesting to note in this connexion that Messrs. George Routledge & Sons were the pioneer firm in this very important branch of literary
activity. The late Prof. Henry Morley, who died in 1894, was associated with the firm for a great number of years, and more than twenty
years ago he inaugurated and edited the valuable library of literature known all the world over as " Morley's Universal Library." This
series (68 vols.) is still kept in print, and encouraged by its success, achieved in an earlier generation, when the operation of the Elementary
Education Act was still dubious and tentative, Messrs. Routledge have recently started a new library of literature transcending all similar
series in the width of its range, in the discrimination which has governed the selection of volumes, and in the all-important details of book-
production, in which their long experience and their intimate knowledge of the public taste guide them unerringly in the right lines.
ROUTLEDGE'S NEW UNIVERSAL LIBRARY (87 vols., 1905-6), as the series is called, includes definitive editions of
Shakespeare's WORKS (6 vols.), of THE SPECTATOR (edited by G. A. Aitken), of Macaulay's HISTORY OF ENGLAND, edited by
T. F. Henderson (5 vols.), and ESSAYS, and other Authors whose works are in constant and popular demand. But it is not merely on
account of the variety and popularity of the volumes that the NEW UNIYERSAL LIBRARY takes a leading place among many
more hastily compiled series of reprints. Messrs. Routledge have not hesitated to act up to their belief that there is a wide demand for
the books which have really contributed to the advancement of learning in the world, and that, now that more than a generation has elapsed
since every man's right to education was recognized by Parliament, a class of readers has grown up which has hitherto been precluded
from access to the world's best books only by the exorbitant prices at which they were sold. These high prices were regulated by the idea
that the demand for them was small. Now that a publisher has been found, with sufficient confidence in his own judgment and in the
discrimination of the public, to appeal to an immensely larger audience, it is quite possible to sell such expensive books at a price which
places them at the disposal of the most moderate purse.
Considerable assistance has been rendered to the execution of this important enterprise by the mere facts of history. Our readers
will remember that the middle period of Queen Victoria's reign was remarkable for the number of great men who were then writing their
Greatest works. We need only mention in this connexion the names of Tennyson, Newman, Browning, Matthew Arnold, Ruskin, Froude,
Carlvle, Darwin, Huxley, Maine, Tyndall, Mill, Mrs. Gaskell, Mrs. Gatty, Dr. Brown, Brimley, Thomas Hughes, James Thomson, King,
lake Sir John Seeley, Freeman, Peacock, Disraeli, and, on the other side of the water, of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ralph Waldo Emerson,
Walt Whitman, and James Russell Lowell. Now, the English law of copyright, despite many defects, at least roughly achieves its wise
and statesmanlike purpose of rendering accessible to all readers the greatest writings of the age, within a reasonable period from the date of
their composition. Most of the works of the writers enumerated above are no longer artificially protected in the interests of the families of
their authors, nor need they consequently be sold only at prohibitive prices. Messrs. George Routledge & Sons venture to claim the credit
of having seized the psychological moment for drawing the correct inference from these two chains of circumstance. On the one hand,
they have a new public grown up under a new era of education since the year 1870 ; on the other hand, they have a new body of literature
ready to be re-issued at a popular price, and unproducible at such a price till within a very recent period. The combination of these two
factors is one of the main principles which have governed the editors and publishers of the NEW UNIYERSAL LIBRARY.
It is thus enabled to range from Adamnan's LIFE OF ST. COLTJMBA to Palgrave's GOLDEN TREASURY OF SONGS AND
LYRICS, from Aristotle's ETHICS to Bates's NATURALIST ON THE AMAZONS, and to include within its scope such characteristic
volumes of permanent interest as Sir Robert Phillimore's edition of Lessing's LAOCOON, Landor's IMAGINARY CONVERSATIONS,
Jeffrey's ESSAYS FROM 'THE EDINBURGH REVIEW,' Trelawny's RECORDS OF SHELLEY, BYRON, AND THE AUTHOR,
Leopardi's DIALOGUES, Reynolds's DISCOURSES ON ART, AND OTHERS, TOO MANY TO ENUMERATE.
In the Poets' Section, which is famous as THE MUSES' LIBRARY, complete editions of the greatest poets are published,
each with a notable critical apparatus. Thus, Herrick (2 vols.) is introduced by Algernon Charles Swinburne ; Keats (2 vols.), by Robert
Bridges; Patmore (1 vol.), by Alice Meynell ; Vaughan (2 vols.), by Canon Beeching ; Coleridge (1 vol.), by Richard Garnett ; Donne
(2 vols.), by George Saintsbury ; while among other poets included in the Series, with Introductions and Notes, are (or will shortly be)
Matthew Arnold, Chatterton, Clough, Thomson (of ' The Seasons '), <fec.
Every one who is interested in the contemporary movement for the popularization of good Letters should send without delay for a
complete List of the Volumes (published at the uniform price of Is. net cloth, and 2s. net leather) contained in the NEW UNIYERSAL
LIBRARY and the MUSES' LIBRARY.
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, Limited, Broadway House, E.C.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to "THE EDITOR"— Advertisements and Business Letters to "THE PUBLISHERS"— at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
Published Weekly by JOHN C FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS at Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C, and Printed by J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Athenaeum Press, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane. E.C.
Agents for Scotland, Messrs. BELL & BRADFUTE and Mr. JOHN MENZIES. Edinburgh.— Saturday, February 10, 1906.
m
THE ATHEN^UM
fmmtal 0! (gmtlislj anb ^oxtian literature %timtt, tht jfm<> 2Vrts, Jttusix ani tl# $ratna.
No. 4086.
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
fotittits.
BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
32. SACKYILLE STREET, PICCADILLY. W.- MEETING,
FEBRUARY 21, 1906. at 8 o'clock p.m. The following Paper will l>e
read :— 'SOME OLD BUILDINGS OF THE STRAND.' by ANDREW
OLIVER, Esoj., A.R.I.B.A., with Lantern Illustrations.
GEO. PATRICK, Hon. Sec.
THE FOLK-LORE SOCIETY. — The NEXT
MEETING of the SOCIETY will he hel.l at 22, ALBEMARLE
STREET, PICCADILLY, on WEDNESDAY. February 21, at 8 p.m..
when Mr. E. LOVETT will deliver a Lecture on 'THE FOLK-LORE
■OF DOLLS,' illustrated by Fifty Lantern Slides from Original Speci-
mens in the Lecturer's Collection. F. A. MILNE, Secretary.
February 12, 1906.
Gfoljilntiflns.
THE BAILLIE UALLERY, 54, Baker Street, W.
—EXHIBITION of PAINTINGS hv the LIVERPOOL SCHOOL
of PAINTERS (1810-1867) and WATER COLOURS by OLIVER
HALL. NOW OPEN, 10-6. Admission (including Catalogue!, u.
RTS AND CRAFTS EXHIBITION SOCIETY-
A
WALTER CRANE. President.
EIGHTH EXHIBITION NOW OPEN.
GRAFTON GALLERY, Bond Street, 10 to 6.
(Bbitcattanal.
PRANCES MARY BUSS MEMORIAL
SCHOLARSHIP.
A TRAVELLING SCHOLARSHIP of SO/, will he awarded, in MAY
NEXT, for purposes of Educational Study abroad, to a Woman fully
qualified as a Secondary School Teacher. Candidates should hold (1) a
University Degree or its equivalent ; (2) a Certificate of Efficiency as a
Teacher ; (3) have experience of five years' Teaching in a Secondary-
School ; 141 should undertake to carry out a satisfactory Scheme of
Study abroad and rei>ort thereon. Applications, with five copies of not
more than three recent Testimonials, to be made before APRIL 1 to
the SECRETARY, F.M.B. Memorial Scholarship, North London
Collegiate School for Girls, Sandall Road, London, N.W.
THE DOWNS SCHOOL, SEAFORD, SUSSEX.
Head Mistress— Miss LUCY ROBINSON'. M.A. (late Second Mis-
tress St. Felix School, Southvroldl. References: The Principal of
Bedford College. London ; The Master of Peterhouse. Cambridge.
EDUCATION.— PROSPECTUSES and PARTI-
il LARS of SCHOOLS for BOYS and GIRLS in ENGLAND and
ABROAD, supplied to parents free of charge. State full require-
ments. University Scholastic Agency, 122, Regent Street, London.
Established 1858.
EDUCATION (choice of Schools and Tutors
Gratisl.— Prospectuses of English and Continental Schools, and
of successful Army, Civil Service, and University Tutors, sent (free of
charge! on receipt of requirements hv GRIFFITHS, SMITH,
POWELL A SMITH. School Agents (established 1833), 34, Bedford
Street, Strand, W.C.
"PDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are invited to call upon or send fully detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GABBITAS. THiUNG 4 CO..
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
wading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. THRING, Nephew of the
late Head Master of Uppingham, 36. Sackvillc 8treet, London. W.
Situations Vacant
UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM.
(FACULTY OF SCIENCE.)
SPECIAL LECTURESHIP IN GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY.
The COUNCIL invites applications for the post of SPECIAL LEC-
TURER IN GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY, vacant by the appoint-
ment of Prof. W. W Watts. F.R.S., to the Chair of Geology m the
Koyal College of Science, South Kensington. Stipend 2601 per annum.
Applications, accompanied by six copies of Testimonials, or such
other credentials as the Candidates may prefer to offer, should lie sent
to the undersigned on or Wore FEBRUARY 16.
The successful Candidate will lie required to enter on his duties as
soon as possible, but in any rase not later than APRIL 23.
Further particulars may !>e obtained from
OBO H MORLBY, Secretary.
THE VICTORIA
NIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER.
U
The CO! N'CIT. is prepared to appoint a MISTRESS OK METHOD
AND ASSISTANT LECTURER IN EDUCATION Stipend 2601
per annum For detailed conditions apply to THE REGISTRAR
The I Diversity. Manchester.
B
RISTOL EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
FAIRFIELD SECONDARY SCHOOL.
W \NTED, to commence duties with the Summer Term a FORM
M \sTEli specially qualified t.> teach Mathematics Salar
rising by increments of 101 to 1701 per annum. Half service under
other Managers in a Secondary School recognised by the Hoard of
Education is counted towards raising the commencing Salary Lppli-
ration Forms, which may he obtained of the undersigned on receipt of
fu"taml.";'.'.' ?:':'. '"''' fool»cap envelope, must be returned not later
tha i FEBRl AR\ 21, 1906.
pi . ■ ,** „.,,,„ T,WM AVERY ADAMS, Secretary.
Education Offices, Guildhall, Bristol,
February 6, 1906.
B
RISTOL EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
ST. GEORGE SECONDARY DAY SCHOOL.
Wanted immediately, for the above School, an ASSISTANT
MASTER for General Form Subjects, with special qualifications in
Botany, Physiology, Hygiene, and Nature Study. A good discipli-
narian, with training and experience in Teaching, ami one interested
in School Games preferred. Salary 130.;, rising by increments of 10/.
to 170?. per annum. Half service under other Managers in a Secondary
School recognized by the Board of Education is counted towards
raising the commencing Salary. Application forms, which may be
obtained of the undersigned by sending a stamped addressed foolscap
envelope, must be returned not later than FEBRUARY 2S, 1906.
February 7, 1906.
BOUNTY BOROUGH OF BOLTOX
\J EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
SCHOOL OF ART.
WANTED, an ASSISTANT MASTER, holding the Art Master's
Certificates of the Board of Education, and specially qualified in
Design for Textiles. He will be required to devote the whole of his
time to the School, hut opportunity will he given for private study.
Commencing Salary IH0?. per annum, rising hy annual increments of
101. to 200/.— Applications, stating age, qualifications, and teaching
experience, together with conies of three recent Testimonials, to be
sent to the undersigned on or before FEBRUARY 24.
FRED. WILKINSON, Director of Education.
s
OUTHEND-ON-SEA TECHNICAL SCHOOL.
WANTED, an ASSISTANT MASTER in the DAY SECONDARY
SCHOOL. Must be well qualified in English and (.'lassies. < om-
niencing Salary 1302. per annum.— Apply, stating age, qualifications,
experience, Ac. to JOS. HITCHCOCK, Principal.
INCORPORATED ASSOCIATION of
J. ASSISTANT MASTERS. — Applications are invited for the
position of ASSISTANT SECRETARY. Salary 2002. per annum For
further information, and for Form of Application iwhich should be
returned ii"t later than MAHCIl I, 1906), applv to the HON.
SECRETARY, I. A. A.M.. 27. Great .lames Street, W.C.
T lBRARIANTOTHE SOCIETY OF WRITERS
JLi TO HIS MAJESTY'S SIGNET.
The Office ofiLIHR ARIAX to the SOCIETY of WRITER to HIS
MAJESTY'S SIGNET, recently held hv the late Mr. John Philip
Edmond. being N<"W VACANT, applications for the Office, accom-
panied hv twenty-five copies of Testimonials, mav be made, "il or
before MARCH 20, 1906, to JAMES H. NOTMAN. Writer to the
Signet. 15, Y'ork Place. Edinburgh. Clerk to the Society, from whom
any further information may be obtained.
February 10, 1906.
PUBLISHING. — An OPENING occurs in a
PUBLISHING FIRM for a WORKING PARTNER with capita]
to develops, a Publishing Business. Write PUBLISHER, 1, Nassau
Gardens. Barnes, s.W.
Situations (WtattifO.
TO NEWSPAPER EDITORS.— SPECIAL
AGRICULTURAL' ARTICLES. -One of the most Successful
Agricultural Writers. Scientific ami Practical, is prepared to UNDER-
TAKE ADDITIONAL WORK. No Syndicating. Articles specially
adapted to particular Divisions of the Country, Highest references to
present Employers. Terms moderate.— Apply G. V. S . Box 1086,
Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane. EC.
T ITERARY ASSISTANCE (Articles, Research,
I 1 Sub-Editing, Proofs, Type-Writing, Ac.) offered Writer. Editor.
or Publisher, by well-educated experienced JOURNALIST.— Write
F. T. S., 35, St. Anne's Hill, Wandsworth. S.W.
PRIVATE SECRETARY to the late George
Jacob Holvoake for five and a half years seeks RE-ENGAtiK-
M ENT in similar capacity.— Address AMY BAUM, 17, Marlborough
Place, Brighton.
AN active YOUNG MAN (23) requires
SITUATION as PUBLISHER'S or BOOKSELLERS ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply good references.— T., Box 1070, Athenooutn Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Cham cry Line, EC.
GENTLEMAN, who has had twenty years'
residence in various parts of India, would be glad to undertake
RESEARCH WORK at the British Museum or India Office 00
subjects Historical. Topographical, or otherwise in connexion with
the Indian Empire V. II . Box loss. Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream's
Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.c.
TRANSLATION, Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing, Encyclopaedic Articles, and Other Literary Work, or
Non-Resident Secretaryship Classics, Fiench. German, Italian,
Spanish, Anglo-Saxon Special subjects: Mythology and Literature.
Varied experience. Moderate terms- Miss SELIIY, 53, Talbot Road. W.
T ITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
I J British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials.— A. P.. Box 108% Athenaeum Press. 18, Breams Build
ings. Chancery Line, E.C.
(Enp^vMtritcrs.
TYPE-WRITINO undertaken by highly educated
Women [Classical TripOS ; Cambridge Higher Local; Modern
Languages', Research. Revision. Translation, Dictation Room.—
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPE -WHITING AGENCY, 10, Duke Street,
Adelphi, W.C.
AUTHORS' MSB., 9d per l.noo words.
. \ sermons. PLATS, ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPED at home (Remington!. Good paper. Orders promptly eve
cuted M L L . 7, Vernon Road; now known n Hi id,
Olapham, B w
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
A UTHORS'MSS.. NOVELS, STORIES. PLAYS,
JA. ESSAYS TYPEWRITTEN with complete accuracy, <W. per
1,000 words. References to weU-known Writers.— M. STCART, Thirl-
bank, Roxlorough Road, Harrow.
THE CO-OPERATIVE TYPE- WRITERS, Ltd.
(CO-PARTNERSHIP SOCIETY).
CECIL HOUSE, 116, HIOH HOLBORN, W.C.
(Over Messrs. Lilley A Skinner's. >
SHORTHAND, TYPING. DUPLICATING. TRANSLATING.
TRACING. Ac.
A limited number of Pupils taken.
"Living Wage." Little overtime. No work given out. Offices well
lighted and healthy. MSS. kept in fin proof safe. Efficient Staff.
TYPEWRITING.— MSS., SCIENTIFIC, and
of all Descriptions, COPIED. Special attention to work
requiring care. Dictation Rooms i Shorthand or Type-Writing.
Usual terms.— Misses E. B. and I. FAKKAN, Donington Housr. 30,
Norfolk Street, Strand, London.
TYPE-WRITING, 9rf. per 1, (XX) words.— PLAYS,
NOVELS, ESSAY'S. Ac, with promptitude and accuracy. Oarlvou
Copies a speciality. Highest references.— M. KING, 7, Corona Villas,
Pinner Road, Harrow.
iHisrrUanrcns.
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK and INDEXING. -Apply Miss PETHERBRIDGE uNat.
Sci. Tripos1, 52a, Conduit Street. Bond Street, London. W.
JUitljors' 2Umts.
THE LITERARY A G E N C V,
•J and 4. TUDOR STREET, E.C.
W. s, 0TT, I.L.D. .1. D. RICHET, HA.
short stories. Serials. Articles considered and placed.
Telephone 9408 Central
QTO R \ ■ - W RITING, ARTICLE - WRITINi i .
)-' VERSE-COMPOSITION. Young Writers should Bend stamped
env, loi e for Prospectus of ' Literary Tuition, per Post. —Address! Prof.
HARRIS UK KFoRP, Redruth. England. (Mention .It/o ,.,r«»n.)
THE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
The interests of Authors capably represented. Agreements for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed with Publishers.— Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. BURGH ES. S4. Paternoster Row.
fi MITCHELL & CO., Agents for the Sale and
\J. Purchase of Newspaper Properties, undertake Valuations for
1 rotate or Purchase. Investigations and Audit of Account*. 4c. lard
of lerms on application.
Mitchell House. 1 and 2, Snow Hill, Holboru Viaduct. E.C.
Catalogue.
HH. PEACH, 37. Belvoir strict, Leicet
. issues CATALOGUES of MSS. and B \KK BOOKS post free
t.i Book Collectors. CATALOGUE II contains MSS., Early Printed
and Rare l«-..ks and Autographs, including Specimens ol Early
Brench, German, Italian, and English Presses, &e.
CATALOGUE No, 44.— Turner's LiberStudioruni,
England and Wales, and other Engravings— Lucas's Mezzotint-
after Constable- Etchings hy Whistler. S. Palmer, fee.— Drawings hy
Turner, Burne-Jones, Raskin, fee— Illustrated Books Works by
Ruskin. Pest free. Sixpence. — WM. WARD, J, Church Te.
Bit hmond, Surrey.
BOOKS. — All OCT - OF - PHI XT and BARE
BOOKS on any subject SUPPLIED. The most expert Bookfinder
extant. Please state wants and ask for C ITALOGUE. I make a sIM,;:il
feature of exchanging any Saleable Hooks for others selected from my
various Lists. Special List of 2,000 Books | particularly want post free.
— EDW. BAKER'S Great Bookshop, 14-16, John Bright street. Birmlng
haiu. Dete Gallery, great bargain, new. -tjs . for 7s. 8d,
THE INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
No. 141. containing a Bpedal Utielo. entitled 'MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY and MATTER by Prof ALFRED w
PoHTER. Specimen topics gratis WILLIAMS A NoRGATE
Book importers, 14. Henrietta Street, t ov cut Garden. \\ I
JUST PUBLISHED
flATALOGUE (No. CIV.) of SECOND-HAND
\j FRENCH Hooks, comprising History and Literature —
Memoir) Biography and Correspondence— Art— Polk-Lare— Travel -
Fictioi
AloNTlll.Y LIST (FEBRUARY) of SECOND
^\ I BLAND BOOKS, chiefly English, including Works so Art and
Architectun Antiquarian Literatim Bibliography, Ac ; also ol
NEWLi Pi BUSHED BOOKS, English and Foreign
B II BLACK WELL, SO and n, Broad Street, Oxford
F[RST EDITIONS of MODERN AUTHORS,
Including Dickens, Thackeray, Lever. aJnswortb; Bool
trated byfl and R Cruikshank, Phis, Rowlandson Leech .V. The
largest and choicest Collection offered foi sale In th< Worn) < VT\
l'>i. i i^ issued and sent post free on application ght.—
w M it it T SPENCER, 27, New Oxford Street, Loud..,, w i
isr.
THE ATHKN.KCM
N«4086, Feb. 17, 1006
MUDIE S LIBRARY.
FOUNDED 1
K..t ihr < IK< i I. vi ion ui.l " M. I. of tin BE81 BOOKfl
mi Ni.i.i-ii.i Rl M ii. i.i i:\iv\.Ki S8IAN, ITALIiif ,
BPAKISH, i>i nil, ..ii i m vm>i\ v\ I vn.
The Collection comprises the Best Standard
Works published during the past Sixty Years.
TERMS l'i:i: A XX I'M.
Volutins ill tin- Country ; hi .
8
6 winm.^ Delivered firm in LONDON: I
and Nearer Suburbs '
4
3
1
Volumes iii the Oonntrj ; or,
Volumea Delivered fine In LONDON I
and Nearer Suburbs J
£3 3 0
£2 2 0
1 Volume, Exchanged Daily ;it tin.-) PI 1 f\
Liin-.n) Ooonter j nul 1 U
1 Volume (for Hooks of Past Seasons) j lUS. DQ.
Half- Yearly, Quarterly, and Monthly
Subscriptions can also be entered.
SPKCIAT. AHKANfiKMKNT lias been made with
ME8SB& PICKFOBD, in London and Suburban Districts
served by them, for the exchange of Library Books TO
an.l PROM Subscribers" Houses for 3d. per DOUBLE
JOURNEY.
PARCKL POST DEPARTMENT for SUBSCRIBERS
residing at a DISTANCE from any RAILWAY STATION.
Terms on application.
ALL BOOKS are offered SECOND-HAND as soon as the
demand in the LIBRARY will permit. List free on appli-
cation.
MUDIES SELECT LIBRARY, Limited,
30-34, NEW OXFORD STREET, W.C.
241, BROMPTON* ROAD, N.W\
48, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.
S
O
L D AN D R A R E BOOK S.
CATA U )( i K E OF EN< 1 LISH LITERATU I ! E,
noted BIBIJOGRAPHIC'ALLV and BIOGRAPHICALLY,
Including Fir.-t or Early Editions of tne Writings of practically every
English author from Chaucer to It. L. Stevenson.
MMpp. Svo, with Description! and Belling Prices of nearly 4.000 Rare
Books, hall . loth, post free, 2a. .«'.
This Catalogue has been pronounced on all sides to be the most
Interesting BookseUer's I atalogue on the Bubject ever issued.
CATALOGUE OF SPORTS, PASTIMES,
ARTS, AND SCIENCES.
222 pp. Svo, viitl. Descriptions and Selling Prices of nearly 2,000 Old or
Itaie Hooks upon at Bt every Branch of Bport, Science, or Art.
Pa] el COVer, post tree. Sd,
CATALOGUE OF MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS.
128 pp. s\o, with Descriptions and .Selling Prices of about 600 "1.1
or Bare Books,
Including Works on Africa. America, Australasia First Editions "f
Books illustrated by Randolph Caldecott. George and Robert Cruik-
shank, Richard liovle, Harry FurneS8.Jaro.ee GUlray, Kmest Onset,
John Leech, Hablot K. Browne .Phi/.'. Henry Aiken, Thomas
Rowlandson, an.l numerouB rare Works with Coloured Plates an
inter. stintf Collet lion of <>1.1 Curiosa, Erotica, Facetiae, Old Romances
Chap l;.».ks. and Children'! Books numerous Topographical Works
relating to m.'~t of the Counties ••! England, Ireland, Scotland, and
Wales fine Qluminated Manuscripts with Miniatures — a valuable
Assemblage of Fail.. Typographical Specimens, including man. rare
Editiones Principesand Examples of the Early Printers,
Paper cover, post free. iw.
CATALOGUE OF TRACTS AND PAMPHLETS,
Chiefly HISTORIC \l. and TOPOGB Vl'lllc vi,.
■s s ].p. -iii with l>es. riptions and Selling Prices of 8,000 Rare Tracts
an. I Pamphlets,
Including Items on Africa America Queen Anne tstrologj
Bedfordshire Berkshire BucHnghamahire Cambridgeshire t'i\il
War Charles I. and II. Channel Islands Cheshire C monwealtb
—Oomwall— Oliver Cromwell Cumberland Derbyshire Devonshire
Dorsetshire Durham Economics and Trade Queen Elisabeth
Eases Flanders Prance G we I, and II. Germany Gloucester-
sliiie Hampshire Herefordshire Hertfordshire Holland Ireland
- .i.iiues l and 1 1. .1. -suits .lews Kent Lancashire Las Leicester-
shire Lincolnshire London Middlesex Monmouthshire Norfolk
Northamptonshire Northumberland Nottinghamshire Oxford-
shire Poperj Popish Plot Pretender ithc Young ami Oldl Printing
Prynne Quakers Rutlandshire Prince Rupert Scotland Shrtvp-
Bliire Somerset -in i .• Sjiain Spanisb Armada Staflbnlshire
sot!. .Ik Sane. Sweden Wales Warwickshire West rland -
William III.— Wiltshire Worcestershire Yorkshire.
Paj er cover, post tree. i«f.
CATALOGUE OF SHAKESPEARE AM)
SHAKESPEARIANA,
Consisting of a COLLECTION of ENGLISH BOOKS,
Inclnding Drama, Prose, and Poetry ..f the Sixteenth, Seventeenth
and Eighteenth Centuries. The Items are arranged Alphabetically
under their Authors Karnes, and the whole Catalogue forms an
mportant a.l.lit ion t., i he Bibliography of Shakespeare and Bacon, and
must | rove rcn attrai ti.e to the Collei toi ol Shakespearlana and t..
the Bai ..n Shakespeare Theorist, aa well as to the student of Early
J-.mrlish Literature.
86 p;>. Bto, with Descriptions and Belling Prices of acerb MM Ran
Books, paper cover, at,
PICKERING ft CHATTO,
B& HAYMARKET, LONDON, S.W.
L BIG H l 0 N
I LLU8TRATED CATALOGUE of EAF
1 PRlNTEDaud ml, r I I Mi UooK> SI V-
and BINDI
OFFERED FOB I vl.i: BT
.i ,v i LhMGHTON, «o, Brewer Htreet, GoUaa Bqann K
Thi. k -w., . it. -in.. »itl. upwards ol 1 00 Kepruductloui
in I ... -imil.
Boond In art cloth L-iit i ilt t..|.». ana.
Ii
0 O K 8. ■ i Stock in London of
PUBLISHERS REE vinm.i: - I '" U
All In perfect h nei uiitfon as oriainall] published,
mil il IfKE VTI.V RED! I Ell PUI( I -
FFliltl \i;\ -i fpi.i.m i:\t vkv i tTALOGI i: J1 H READ1
WILLIAM GLAI8HER,
It. in:. in. I. -i and Discount Bookseller. He, High Helbom, London
PATALOGUE of FRENCH BOOKS, at greatly
V^ reduced pri.e- I PHILOSOPHY. II. RELIGION III Ills
TORY l\ POETRY, DRAMA, MUSK V. BEAl'X ARTS VI
(iFiM.lt A I'll V Vll MILITARY. V III. Fit TION. IX. GENERAL
LITERATURE.
DULAU & 00. ■■'. Soh" Square, London, W.
ANCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Collect!
Xv ami Antiquarians are Invited t" apply to BPINK A BON,
Limited, for Specimen Copj (gratis ol theii M M ISM AT1C CIRCU-
LAR. The finest Greek, Hoinaii. and English Coins on View and for
Sale at Moderate I'm,- BPINK .\. BON, Limitso, Experts, Valuers,
ami Cataloguers, Pi. i~, and LS, Piccadilly, London, W. Established
upwards of a Century.
\ RUNDEL CHROMOS. -Large stuck. Many
jLX. rare ones. Bend stamp for THIS MONTH'S LIST (which gives
si/..- and shape of each).- BT. JUDE'S DEPOT, Birmingham.
ATHENAEUM PRESS. -^JOHN EDWARD
XX FRANCIS. Printer of the Atheiiarum, Sotet and Queritt, Ac, Is
prepared to SUBMIT ESTIMATES for all kinds of IlOOrC NEWS,
and PERIODICAL PRINTING.— 13. Breams Buildinga, Chancery
Lane, E.C.
Stilts bn Ruction.
Autograph Letters and Signed Documents relating to
Napoleon Buonaparte and ms Family, the Property of the
late Mr. FREDERIC BARKER.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. 13, Wellington
Street. Strand. W.C, on MONDAY, February 19, at l o'clock precisely,
AUTOGRAPH LETTERS and SIGNED DOCUMENTS, mostly
relating to Napoleon Buonaparte and his Family, French Generals,
&c, the Property of the late Mr. FREDERIC BARKER.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had.
Works of Art.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. 13, Wellington
street. Strand. W.c. . on WEDNESDAY', February a, and Following
Day, at I o'clock precisely. WORKS of ART from various Collections,
comprising Examples of Old English and Foreign Pottery and
Porcelain, Enamels. Glass. Ac ; also BOOKSonArt, including Solon,
Burton, Hodgkins, Jewitt, *c. : and the Property of a COLLECTOR,
including Old French and Italian Bronzes, Figures, and other Metal-
work— Old English Pottery ami Porcelain— Oriental Porcelain— * few
Ivory Carvings— Bijouterie, 4c.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had,
Books and Manuscripts.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON ft HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No, 13, Wellington
street, strand, w.c. on WEDNESDAY', February 21, at l oclock
precisely, BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS, comprising Ajvperley's
Memoirs of the Life of John Mytton— Bewick's British Birds and
Quadrupeds — A'Beckett's Comic History of England and Rome—
Kuskiu s stones of Venice — Couch's British Fishes -Boccace,
Decameron, 5 vols.. 1707-61, and other French Works, fccj other
Properties, including Mi. Here. I.es <Kuv res. First Elzevir Edition.
.". vols.. 1875 — BoydcU'S Shakespeare (iallery. 'J vols, in I.
Blair's Grave, with Blake's Illustrations, lsus Dihdin'a Bibliogra-
phical Works- the Writings of Thackeray, Dickens, Mayhew, Steven-
son, Norman Gale, Ainswoith. fcc Scientific Works. Topography
Witchcraft and Alchemy, -lest l!..oks. Botanical Works. Poetry,
4c Aiken, A Touch at the Fine Aits, McLean, 1824— The Century
Dictionary, s vols.. 1898 — Punch, is-ii to 1891— Modern Publications. '
May he viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
The valuable Library of the late JAMBS A. SLATER, Esq.,
88, Meddenburgh Square, B'.C.
ESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON ft HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. 13, WeUington
strei-t. strand. W.c.. on FRIDAY, February -j;:, at i o'clock precisely
the valuable LIBRARY' of the late JAMES A. SLATER, Beq.,ot
38, Met klenhuiKli Square, W.c. isold by order of the Executors), com-
nriiiing SpeddiiiL's I'.aion. u vols Beaumont and Fletcher's Works,
Van. .mill Edition, 12 vols. Hntl.-is Hudiliras. by Grey, and Thyer'a
ltemains. j vols., large and tliiek paper Bkeat'a Chancer, 7 vols,
Dibdin'a Bibliographical Decameron Early English Dramatiata
I'dited hv V. II Bullen, pi vols, the Historical Writings of Orote,
llallain. Maeaulay. *c. Massolis |,ite and Works of Milton Work)
on Art Shelley's Queen Mai.. Fiist Edition, original boards, uncut, a
remarkably fine copy the Uest Editions of Fielding, Ford. lir.
Johnson, Otway, Pope, Samuel Richardson. Edmund Spenser, Swift
4e. the Tudor Translations, edited by W. E. Henley. .18 vols. W al
poles Royal and Noble Authors, l.v Park, •". vols Anecdotes of
Painting, Major's Edition Kelmocotl Press Publications (including
the chain ei i Kuskins Modern Painters. :. vols. Turners Liber
Stllilioruin. Id plates, early impression.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues maj be had.
M
1YI
Autograph Letters,
ESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON A HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. \.. IS, Wellington
street, strand, w c . on MONDAY. February 98, at t o'clock preciaelv,
AUTOGRAPH LETTERS AND HISTORH'AL DOCUMENTS iii
eluding S|.ei miens of A. Po|n'. sir Walter Sentt. Thackeray, ( VDlendge,
T c.irivle. Ford Byron, Tennyson. Ae Signatures of Sovereigns ami
other Royal Personages Albums of Letten, Fmnks, Ae an extensive
Collection of Medical and Surgical Autographs— fine letters from
l^.rd Nelson to Lady Hamilton an itn|>ortaiit Series of Political
la tiers from the Earl of BeneonsBeUl — Documents relating to the
Poet Keats l.etlei a lid St a II M s of Roliert liurllj.
Vl:i) be Viewed two da\ s prior I atalocues may Is.' had.
aluablt ('• ■' / ' / ■ /
• / II /. I /:/.''/ V /■:»./.
Rfi -'il lli:r.N . WILKINSON I HODGE
will >l I I
M
ml. w I
VI. I II II
-in V t.
vi rtewadtwoi I uOueue* may 1* had.
//. f/ Ithire.
ME88RS PUTTK K k SIMPSON will SELL
ll'CTl • • il.. It (iullrrie.. .
on Tl'KSH V V I . I Followlna . t..,{
I o'clock pi" i- I v\i.i tBLE BOORS In all naaiiiaass of I
I'alu " / . •
LQnth ■/ •./ " GentU man.
MESSRS. HODGSON ft CO. will SELL be
VI.'llu.N al theli Roonu 115 Unimiy Lai
w EUNESDAl I .1 T«o Foil
\ VIA VP.I.I. Vlls, Kl.l. VM.'.I - l.""K-
Londinemda, i "Ion . klJ,|
othei Books with I'ol 'and
Eiu'hti ■1'iith i i-ntuiv (oloured Prints. »ith liarMaa
Mi... Many. 10 vola. calf (ill Hr«»e'a Anti ,'itn - of Ki.yluul and
W all -. s vola Large IS|«-r. and
l'..«.ks Hakluyt.
Dryden s W..rk-, bj >. .it .,.,,.
Pepya Diary, by \V heath.. - "i laaao
D'ArbUy'a l»i«r}', extra illustn.t.d. in s ,,i. j^
Historical Writing id. Leckj r and
other Standard W.aks in l„-i jg% of
Britiah Birda, -' rola Morris's British Hud.. I v,.u , luvll
Collection of Ids.ks relating to 1)
LECTOR Handsomely Iwund Seta of Dickens and Thaik.
First Editions— Books illustrated by < nuksliank. Aabre;
and others Portraita Coloured v-
To Ik' viewed and Catah.^'ui-. bad.
.Vi
Rare «/'•' Valuable Books, Manuscript*, ami landings.
ESSRS. HODGSON k CO. will SEL]
. 1 '. T I. .v- ... .!..:_ 1,. . , , - .1 1 .
AftTlii.N at th.ir Room*, lis. Chancery I^ne. during
MAPI II » COLLECTION of RARE and VALI VPI.F l;< ■■
prising First and other Scarce Edition* of famous P.i«iks ii
English Literature b large number of rare Im ..ks relntin.- I
- Farlv Printed and Ula. k- Let t er l^-.ks- Maiiusi ripts on \Vllum.
Inclnding b line Twelfth-Century Evangeliarium- rSoolu in Early
Stamped Morocco Bindings - Interesting Autographs
Catalogues are prejuring.
firititlt Lejiirit'j f
FEBRUARY .", at half-past 12 o'clock.
R. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER, at his
M
Rooms. S», Kin.- Street. I ovent Garden. W.c. t!
TION of BRITISH LKPIDOlTKRA formed by Mn. BA/.ET1
prising many rare varieties in L'm«d eotidition.
Catalogues on al.plii-atioll.
Scientific Instrumi nt* ami Apparatus and Photographic
A a
FRIDA V NEXT, at half-past l: ttebek.
l:. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER, al
Room-. 38, King Street, event Ganlen. W.4 Ml
SI . .PES by W-st Makers, and a larite Assortment of slid. - -
Instruments and Ai>rau*atus— PhoUwrrapnii I
Accessories Optical L-interns and Sli.les-Me.hanie.il M -
many Lots of valual.le MiaceUaneons Property.
On view day prior t to .">. and morning of Sale. Catalogues on.
application.
M
M
Snujf Boxet. Patch /Jo.rcj;. Medals, Samplers, «(r..
Pi-irate Collection*.
TUESDA Y. February .'■', at half-past IMsfdhek.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION
at his |{ is. ::s. King street. Coram! Garden, '.'
number of v.-rv choice SNUFF BOXES, MEDALS. Foil M
PATI II BOXES, a large Collection of SAMPLERS. MINI VI ■
*c, from the COLLEI TION funnel by the late VV VV Rolli:
Esq.— a Collection of Coins from another Source— also Chit
Jade, Weapons, and a variety of MisceUaneoua Carioa.
On view day prior 10 to 4 and Morning of Bale. Catalogues on
application.
ESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON * WOODS
i.. » respectfully give notice that they will bold the Foil.
SALES hv AUCTION, at their Great Rooms, Kin.' St last. St. J
Square, tne Sales commencing at i •> clock precisely : —
On MONDAY. February 19, MODERN
PICTURES and DRAWINGS of the late Mrs. WHEATLFV
others.
On TUESDAY, February- 20, the COLLECTK »N
.1 BNOB W iM.Sot the late P H BATHBOKE. Fs,,.
().. WEDNESDAY. February 21, and THURS-
DAY, Fehrnary a, the FIRST PORTION of the stui K of Imp
JEWELS of the late Mr. E M HAR.COSO.
On FRIDAY, February 23, OLD BURGUNDIAN
TVPFSTKV and OLU FUFM li SNIFF- BOXES, the Prepert]
GENTLEMAN; OLD DRESDEN, the Pmiierty ol Lieut i.
c VV Ii INDOLPH. de.eas,sl; OLD FRENCH FURNITt Kl
Right Hon. LORD8HAND, dec Based
On SATURDAY. February 24, MODERN
PICTURES and DRAWINGS of the lit. PHILIP II RATH I.
Fs.| .mil others.
THE BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine Si
London, W.C FEBRUARY IT, eaasrSalaet—
Bacon ■ Ideal Mansion [Sonne Medallion Prise Deaignl ; Em av. at ion ;
Royal Academy Lectures; The British School at Rome; London
Coiintv Council Visit to ^uis; liitrerenees Iwtwcen English and
French Gothic Architecture I Architectural Association'; v :.
Mis..s w. unit's Sen Puil, line i Mathematical I'.vta for Archil
.students Column); ftc From OfBoa us ebon i*'.; by isvst I4rf.i, or
through any Newsagesit.
JUST PUBLISHED,
Pii.e :'■' :'-/.. is.st free, medium s,,.. \ -;ti. t Plates.
PHONETICS OF THE NEW HKiH GERMAN
LANGUAGE.
By ARWID JOHANNSON, M.A., Professor of Qennan Langu i|
Literature in the Victoria Fniversitv of M-un hester.
Man. luster: PALMER. HOWE 4(0.
N° 4086, Feb. 17, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM 187,
MESSRS. DUCKWORTH & CO,
WILL PUBLISH OJV WEDNESDAY, THE 21st,
A NEW NOVEL BY E. TEMPLE THURSTON,
AUTHOR OF ' THE APPLE OF EDEN ' (Fifth Edition), entitled
TRAFFIC.
THE STORY OF A FAITHFUL WOMAN.
Crown 8vo, Etched Frontispiece, 6s.
". . . For no kind of traffic
Would I admit ; no name of magistrate ;
Letters should not be known ; riches, poverty,
And use of service, none ; contract, succession,
Bourn, bound of land, tilth, vineyard, none ;
No use of metal, corn, or wine, or oil ;
No occupation ; all men idle, all ;
And women too, — but innocent and pure ;
No sovereignty."— Act II. Scene I. The Tempest.
TRAFFIC.
THE STORY OF A FAITHFUL WOMAN.
BY E. TEMPLE THURSTON.
NEW HANDBOOK TO ROME. JUST OUT.
THE MUSEUMS AND RUINS OF ROME.
Vol I By WALTER AM ELUNG. 1 70 Illustrations.
Vol. II. By H. HOLTZINGER. Map, Plans, and 100 Illustrations.
Edited by Mrs. ARTHUR STRONG. 10s. net.
i • ■_,„. n( «,- l.nilrlimr* md art collections Dr. Amelung, putting together correlated works, replicas, copies, and fragments,
brtag the°™gPSec«oVt:™8 to,'! ££S ,1_d Dr. g^e, b ,o.,cenMd ra&r"with Lhfcctaral u. th.n with top^aph.d science.
THE DAWN IN BRITAINTljy Charles M. Doughty, Author of 'Travels in Arabia Deseata.'
- M»eht'J™r,nd°;xp;c';atl^™'t,,, ro^ed by the „„K„mce„,ent of ; The Dawn in Britain a poen, by Charla. * D«W&. authol of ' Travel.
English literature may expect to recognize work from the strong hands of a master. — _ _
NEW YOLUME IN "THE SAINTS" SERIES.
SAINT MARY THE VIRGIN.
IN THE WELL-KNOWN "RED SERIES" OF ART BOOKS.
THE SCOTTISH SCHOOL OF PAINTING. By William D. McKay, R.S.A. 45 Illustrations.
7*. Od. net. — ■ — — — - _____ .
NEW BOOK BY hTbELLOC, M.P., AUTHOR OF 'THE PATH TO ROME/
ESTO PERPETUA: Algerian Studies and Impressions.
Illustrated from Pencil _>awiiigsjy_the Author. With Coloured Frontispiece. Crown Svo, .w. net. I'" "»• J»'< *•>.
"CONTINENTAL HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS." ,
RAMBLES IN NORMANDY. By Francis Miltoun, Author of ' Cathedrals of Northern France.
With very numy Illustrations from Drawings and Sketches by BLANCHE McMANUS. B Maps, square crown 8vo, (R net.
RAMBLES IN BRITTANY. By Francis Miltoun. Illustrated by Blanche McManus. Uniform
with 'Normandy." >'■-•. net . . —
NEW NOVELS— Crown 8vo, 6s. each. JUST OUT.
THE AMBUSH OF YOUNG DAYS. By Rosamond Langbridge.
A New Novel by a rising Writer, containing some .lever studies of people and some capital passages of genuine comely.
LADS OF THE FANCY. By George Bartram.
A novel presenting some strong picture, of life in " the Shires" and in London when pugilism and gambling and other sports were the ohiei tnterestem
1,,'*f,"a"manoffns1"""' SECOND IMPRESSION JUST READY.
THE SECRET KINGDOM. By Frank Richardson.
■■Tl>, Look .tend, in a class anarf-Ofc-wrref. " *'»» °« high splritaaiid cleverness. May be recommeiided to alL--_4«Ktemy.
" oni- nf tiii- most Donular books erf the season."— -Block and \ilnir. . ..,,,.„.,,
•■< i!-v,.. •. ri!li".imil, WliL... Its humour genuine, its characterization shrewd, to satire mordant, its pathos andeniable.' -Wo*L
IN THE POPULAR LIBRARY OF ART.
ENGLISH WATER-COLOUR PAINTERS. By A. J. Finberg. 50 Illustrations. Cloth, 2s.net;
leather, 'in. M. net.
DUCKWORTH & CO. 3, Henrietta Street, W.C.
188
Til E AT II KN\Kl\M
N 4086, Tip.. 17, 1906
BLACKWOODS'
NtW BOOKS.
MR. YYHIBLEYS BRILLIANT STUDY OF THE
••SAVIOUR OF EUROPE."
WILLIAM PITT.
B] ( IIAKl.l £ N\ IIIKI.I ^
\\nii Portraits and Ckricatuea, 8a mi.
"Weoannol toowarmh command Mr. Wtalbley'a work to
oai i c.uii' i • I .. H Mil ii i^ in in- braced ai bj ;• tonic at the
memon of a great and glorious past." Mr. w. ii. Wiuon
in tin- I
"Without forgetting Lord Boaebery'i excellent mono-
graph, it may bo -iii-l\ wiid it haa been left to Mr, Charlei
wiui.liv. whose' William Pitt' has I ■«-«-n published ilii*
vrik, to do fall justice to the memory of the man who may
I tu hare founded the British Empire.'1
Daily awprtm,
WILL BB PUBLISHED OM TUBSDAT.
THE AUTHORS PROGRESS.
By ADAM LOIUM I'.K. fe net.
Tins work Is designed to provide Instruction, judiciously
mingled with amusement, to all who are interested in the
Literary Career
it traces the Progress of the Author from the first arising
of the divine Same in his mind, to his felicitous arrival in
tin- Citj of Fame.
To those who havearrived tin- hunk wfllstDl be a memento,
mill it «ill prove :> comfort to such as biter or Beem like
to fail.
AN INTERESTING LIFE STORY.
LIFE OF JOHN
C0LLINGW00D BRUCE,
LL.D. D.C.L.
Byhis Son, the Right Hon. SirOAINSFORD BRICE.D.C.L.
10*-. tki. net.
All interested in the furtherance of antiquarian research
in England, and those who hold cherished memories of
liiuce s Academy in its height of popularity, will welcome
Sir Gainsford Brace's book of the life anil letters of his
father, the distinguished scholar and archaeologist and
practical philanthropist, John Collingwood Bruce.
WARREN HASTINGS AS A HUSBAND.
THE LETTERS OF WARREN
HASTINGS TO HIS WIFE.
Introduced and Annotated by SYDNEY C. GRIER,
Author of 'The Great Proconsul,' 'In Furthest Ind,' &c.
15s. net.
"A distinctly interesting volume, and quite free from the
pr08Jng8 and trivialities in which compilations of this nature
not infrequently abound. The letters themselves extend
Over the period of Hastings's sojourn in India, and they
show their author in a light which has been almost wholly
ignored by the historians. Mr. Grier is to be congratulated
on having produced a volume which no person interested in
the history of India can afford to neglect." — English Review.
A REMARKABLE RECORD OF PUBLIC SERVICE IN
INDIA FROM ABOUT 1705 TO 1S05.
THE HEARSEYS:
Five Generations of an Anglo-Indian Family.
By Col. HUGH PEARSE, D.S.O.,
Author of 'Memoirs of Alexander Gardner, Colonel of
Artillery in the Service of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.'
With Portraits, 15*. net.
"Col. Pearse has had a congenial task in relating the
adventures of this soldier family, and has produced a work
which will prove of special value to every student of Indian
history, and over which the general reader may pass many
a pleasant and profitable hour." — Aberdeen Free PreM.
SUCCESSFUL SIX -SHI LUNG NOVELS.
" No. 101." By Wymond Carey.
VROUW GROBELAAR'S LEADING CASES.
By PERCEVAL GIBBON.
RICHARD HARTLEY, PROSPECTOR. By
DOUGLAS BLACKBURN.
HIS INDOLENCE OF ARRAS. By W. J.
ECCOTT.
MADAME, WILL YOU WALK ? By Beth
ELLIS. *
WHERE ANGELS FEAR TO TREAD. By
E. M. lOKSTK.R.
IN THE HANDS OF THE CZAR. By
GARKKTT MILL
MISS LOMAX: MILLIONAIRE. By Bessie
PARKER.
WILLIAM. BLACKWOOD k .SONS,
Edinburgh and London.
iMESSRS. LONGMANS & CO.'S LIST.
THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND.
Edited by theRer. WILLIAM HUNT, D.Liu., President of the BojbI ffi •orical So.
ash
REGINALD LANK POOLE, M.A. Ph.D., Editor of the 'Engliah Historical Review.'
To U imud in 1.? volume*. Th< prict <>/ <>i>li Vetmm i- 7s. 6d. net, udp, but
Comi-i.kti; Skt.s may be subscribed J or through the BooknUtrt at (h i I made
at (fie rate o/6s. 8d. net on the delivery of each Volume.
NEW VOLUME BY DR. THOMAS HODGKIN.
FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE
NORMAN CONQUEST.
By THOMAS HODGKIN, D.C.L. Litt.D.
Fellow of University College, London, Fellow of the British Academy.
With 2 Maps. [Just published.
Vol. II. FROM 1066-1216. By George Bcrton Adams, Professor of History in Yale Univ. •
With 2 Maps. [Heady.
Vol. III. FROM 1216-1377. By T. F. Tout, M.A., Professor of Medireval and Modern History in
the University of Manchester. With 3 Maps. [I.'-ady.
Vol. X. FROM 1760-1801. By the Rev. William Hunt, M.A. D.Litt., Trinity College, Oxford.
With 3 Maps. [Beady.
INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY: a Comparative Study of Industrial
Life in England, Germany, and America. By ARTHUR SHADWELL, M.A. M.D., Author of
' Drink, Temperance, and Legislation.' 2 vols. 8vo, 26\*. net.
*#* The author is careful to explain that his new work has no connexion with the "fiscal controversy.
It was planned, and the investigation on which it is based was carried end, he writes, before the present
controversy arose. "But it was inspired by the same circumstances, — namely, the growing pressure of
international competition in industry, which is evidently going to be the warfare of the future. It c^t-ay* to
deal with the other side of that problem, and to examine the conditions under which industries are carried
on in the three leading industrial countries, apart from tariffs."
By William
NEW BOOK BY THE LATE BISHOP STUBBS.
LECTURES ON EARLY ENGLISH HISTORY.
STUBBS, D.D., formerly Bishop of Oxford and Regius Professor of Modern Historv in the
University of Oxford. Edited by ARTHUR HASSALL, M.A., Student of Christ Church,
Oxford. 8vo, 12s. M. net. [On Monday next.
THE KEY TO THE WORLD'S PROGRESS : Being an Essay
in Historical Logic. By CHARLES STANTON DEVAS, M.A., sometime Examiner in Political
Economy in the Royal University of Ireland. Crown 8vo, 5s. net. [On Monday next.
NEW COLLECTED RHYMES. By Andrew Lang. Crown 8vo,
4s. 6d. net.
Loyal Lyrics — Cricket Rhymes — Jubilee Poems — Critical of Life, Art, and Literature— Folk Songs-
—Ballads.
A BOOK OF ANGELS. By L. P., Compiler of ' The Inheritance
of Saints.' With 12 Rembrandt Gravures. Crown 8vo, Gs. net. [Ou Monday next.
PSALMS FOR THE CHRISTIAN FESTIVALS. By Elizabeth
WORDSWORTH, Principal of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Crown Svo, Sa. net.
[Ou Monday next.
THE SILVER LIBRARY.— Two New Volumes.
A FARMER'S YEAR : being his Commonplace Book for 1898.
By H. RIDER HAOOARD. With 36 Illustrations. Cheaper ReiaMB. Crown Svo, 9$. (k/.
STELLA FREGELIUS : a Tale of Three Destinies. By H. Rider
HAGGARD. Cheaper Reissue. Crown Svo, 'is. Gd.
LONGMANS, GREEN k CO. 39, Paternoster Row, London, E.C,; New York and Bombay,
N°4086, Feb. 17, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
189
E. GRANT RICHARDS'S
ANNOUNCEMENTS
FOR THE SPRING.
BIRDS OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS. By Charles
STONHAM, C.M.G. F.Z.S., Senior Surgeon to the Westminster Hospital and Member of
the British Ornithologists' Union. With 300 Illustrations by L. M. MEDLAND in Photo-
gravure. Complete in 20 Parts. Royal 4to, cloth, 7s. 6c?. net each.
A Prospectus of this Work, containing Specimen Illustrations, will be sent post free on
application.
THE HAPPY MOTORIST : an Introduction to the Use
and Enjoyment of the Motor-Car. By FILSON YOUNG, Author of ' The Complete
Motorist,' &c. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6c?. net.
TRAVELLER'S JOY. An Anthology. Compiled by W. G.
WATERS. With End-Papers in Colours by WILLIAM HYDE. Fcap. 8vo, cloth gilt,
4s. net.
ESSAYS IN SOCIALISM. By Ernest Belfort Bax,
Author of ' Marat,' &c. Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s. net.
BILL CODLING'S VISIT TO LONDON. Told and
Illustrated by FRANCIS BROWN. Small pott 4to, Cover Designed, 2s. 6c?. net.
GRANT ALLEN'8 HISTORICAL GUIDES— Fcap. 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6c?. net.
FLORENCE. By Grant Allen. New Edition, Entirely
Revised, Reset, and Enlarged by J. W. and A. M. CRUICKSHANK.
THE HALCYON 8ERIE8— Demy 16mo, cloth, with Photogravure Frontis-
piece, 2s. net.
I. THE POETRY OF BIRDS, Compiled by Robert
SICKERT and STANLEY MAKOWEN.
FORTHCOMING FICTION.
IGDRASIL. By Winefride Trafford-Taunton, Author of
'The Silent Dominion,' &c. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.
THE SAME CLAY. By James Blyth, Author of 'Juicy
Joe,' &c. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6a.
THE BLACK MOTORCAR. By Harris Burland, Author
of ' The Princess Thora.' Illustrated by CHARLES GREENWALD. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.
PARSON BRAND. By L. Cope Cornford, Author of ' The
Canker at the Heart.' Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.
A NEW BOOK by ARTHUR MACHEN, Author of ' The
Great Cod Pan,' ' Hieroglyphics,' Ac. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.
Containing ' The Great God Pan,' ' The Three Impostors,' and Four other Stories, hitherto
Unpublished, of the same oharacter.
AUDREY THE ACTRESS. By Horace Wyndham, Author
of 'The King's Scarlet.' Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.
THE CHAP-BOOKS.
A Series of Choice Reprints representing tho high-water mark of Book Production.
Royal 32mo, bound in white parchment, with leather ties, in cardboard case, and printed on
rag paper, 3s. 6c?. net each.
I. LYRISTS OF THE RESTORATION. &**„.
II. ESSAYS MORAL AND POLITE, 1660-1714. [m.
III. THE POEMS OF ROBERT HERRICK.
The ATHENAZUM says: — "One of the daintiest things wo have seen for many a long
day '" ; " They should win the hearts of all who love good literature," says the SPHERE ;
and the TRIBUNE adds : "As pretty a piece of l>ookmaking as it would be possible to find."
VOLUMES ALREADY ISSUED.
THE SANDS OF
PLEASURE.
By FILSON YOUNG, Author of ' Ireland at
the Cross Roads,' &c. With Frontispiece, in
Colour, by R. J. PANNETT. Crown 8vo,
cloth, 6«. [Third Edition.
"Mr. Courtney in the DA IL Y TELEGRA PH
says : — " Mr. Filson Young is an artist in
words he has written an exceedingly in-
teresting novel, which is well worth reading."
TERENCE O'ROURKE:
Gentleman Adventurer. By LOUIS JOSEPH
VANCE. With Frontispiece. Crown 8vo,
cloth, 6s.
The TRIB UNE says :— ' ' Perhaps the greatest
adventurer that ever lived in the world of
romantic fiction."
MASTERSINGERS. By
FILSON YOUNG. New Edition, Revised
and Enlarged. Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s. net.
The WESTMINSTER GAZETTE says :—
' ' These musical essays may be unhesitatingly
ranked among the very best things of their
kind as judged by any standard."
THE THEATR0CRAT. By
JOHN DAVIDSON. Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s. net.
The PALL MALL GAZETTE says :— " This
statement of a new philosophy so candidly
iconoclastic, and this poetic drama so virile in
its handling are both as perfectly individual
and courageous as anything Carlyle wrote."
THE CANKER AT THE
HEART.
By L. COPE CORNFORD. Crown Svo,
cloth, 3s. Qd. net.
The SPECTATOR says:— "A striking col-
lection of essays on the subject of the poor.
To such of our readers as really desire to
know how the poor live we recommend this
book."
SIR WALTER SCOTT:
Letters written by Members of his Family to
an old Governess. Edited by the WARDEN
OF WADHAM. With a hitherto unpublished
Sheet of Instructions by Sir WALTER SCOTT
to a little girl on the best means of studying
English History. Reproduced in Facsimile.
Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s. net.
The DAILY TELEGRAPH says :—" The
Warden of Wadham has done a service to the
memory of Sir Walter Scott and his family,
for which every lover of literature will be
indebted to him."
THE VENETIAN SERIES.
A Series of choicely produced Booklets,
printed in Venetian Type and bound in
Bassano Paper. 6(/. net each.
I. DRUMMOND'S A CYPRESS
GROVE.
II. BLAKE'S MARRIAGE OF
HEAVEN AND HELL.
III. COLERIDGE'S ANCIENT
MARINER.
ANNOUNCEMENT LIST AND PROSPECTUSES WILL BE SENT FREE ON APPLICATION.
E. GRANT RICHARDS, 7, Carlton Street, LondoD, S.W.
190
THE ATHENJEUM
N°4086, Fkb. 17, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NEW BOOKS.
MEMOIRS OF
ARCHBISHOP
TEMPLE.
By SEVEN FRIENDS.
Edited by E. (J. SANDFORD,
Archdeacon of Exeter.
With Photogravure and other Illustrations.
In 2 vols. 8vo, 36^. net.
LORD RANDOLPH
CHURCHILL
BY
WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL, M.P.
With Portraits. In 2 vols, demy 8vo, 36*. net.
H. FIELDING HALL'S
NEW BOOK.
A PEOPLE AT
SCHOOL.
Svo, 10s. net.
YOLUME II. OF THE NEW EDITION.
GROVE'S DICTIONARY OF
MUSIC AND MUSICIANS.
Edited by J. A. FULLER M AITLAND, M. A. F. S. A.
In Five Volumes. Vol. II., F— L, 8vo, 21s. net.
V* Previously published, Vol. I., A— E, 21s. net.
SECOND PART NOW READY.
THE DYNASTS.
A Drama of the Napoleonic Wars, in 3 Parts, 19 Acts,
130 Scenes.
By THOMAS HARDY.
PART SECOND. Crown Svo, 4s. (id. net.
V Previously published, Parti., 4s. Gd. net.
SECOND EDITION.
THE FOUNDERS OF GEOLOGY.
By Sir ARCHIBALD GEIKIE, F.R.S. D.C.L. D.Sc. 8vo,
10s. net.
LOGGAN.
CANTABRIGIA
ILLUSTRATA.
By DAVID LOGGAN.
(First published in 1690.)
A Series of Views of the University and Colleges,
and of Eton College. Edited, with a Life of
Loggan, an Introduction and Historical and De-
scriptive Notes by J. W. CLARK, M.A. F.S.A.,
Registrary of the University of Cambridge. , A
Reproduction in Folio, the scarce Portrait of the
Duke of Somerset in Photogravure, the Centre
Section of Hamond's Map of 1592.
Price 21. 2s. net ; of in morocco extra, 51 . 5s. net.
THE PROVOST OF KING'S (Dr. M. R. James) in the
Cambridge Review. — "What the Registrary has added from
the treasure of his own knowledge is, like all his work,
lucid, concise, relevant, and thoroughly helpful.. ..To sum
up, we have nothing but praise for the book, pictures and
text alike."
ATHENJEUM.— "Even the great task of giving to the
world in 1885 the ' Architectural History of Cambridge ' of
his uncle, the late Prof. Willis, is scarcely a more important
service than the publication of Loggan's ' Cautabrigia
Illustrate. ' "
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd, London.
HURST & BLACKETTS
LIST.
MRS. ALEC TWEED1ES NEW WORK.
NOW READY,
In 1 vol. royal 8vo, with numerous Illustrations
from Photographs taken especially for this book,
a Coloured Plate, and Maps, price 21<*. net.
P0RFIRI0 DIAZ,
Seven Times President of Mexico.
By Mrs. ALEC TWEEDIE,
Author of ' Mexico as I saw it,' &c.
A remarkable volume about the life's history of
a man born in obscurity, who has lived a wildly
exciting life as a soldier, and who played an
important part in the history of Maximilian and
Carlota, and who has now assumed the position of
perpetual President and brought his country from
chaos and revolution to peace and prosperity.
AN ART BOOK FOR ALL TIME.
ORDINARY EDITION, 1 vol. demy 4to, cloth,
gilt top, price 2/. 2s. net.
LARGE-PAPER EDITION (limited to 100 Copies
for England), price 4/. 4*. net.
Containing 41 Full-Page Illustrations in
Colour and 36 in Black and White.
[Ready immediately.
FIEST CENTURY
OF ENGLISH
PORCELAIN,
1744 1850.
By W. MOORE BINNS,
Director of Furnivals, Limited, and late Art
Director of the Royal Porcelain Works, Worcester.
It is desired by the publication of this work to
enable Collectors of Porcelain to obtain, as far as
is possible from print, a correct idea as to the
origin of their Specimens, to help them t :> diagnose
each Piece.
The Work deals with English Porcelain from its
Birth in about 1744 to the Year 1850.
The Illustrations have been selected
especially, as far as possible, from Private
Collections.
AN ILLUSTRATED PROSPECTUS POST
FREE ON APPLICATION.
A NEW AND IMPORTANT BOOK BY
MISS MEAKIN.
In 1 vol. demy 8vo, with Illustrations, price 16*. net.
RUSSIA,
Travels and Studies.
By ANNETTE M. B. MEAKIN,
Author of ' A Ribbon of Iron,' &c.
" Miss Meakin is a light, anecdotal, and pic-
turesque recorder, who tries to bring before us the
subjects of the Tsar as they live, move, and have
their being." — Daily Chronicle.
"The book gives a most interesting account of
the success of German subjects of the Tsar settled
in Russia proper among less progressive neigh-
bours."— Pall Mall Gazette.
" Miss Meakin has produced a most readable
and informative book on Russia. The Russia she
describes is the normal Russia, not the Russia of
war and revolution." — Scotsman.
READY ON MONDAY NEXT.
Royal 8vo, cloth, 6s. net.
69th YEAR OF ISSUE.
THE
ENGLISH
CATALOG U E
OF
BOOKS
FOR
1905,
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
GIVING IN ONE ALPHABET, UNDER
AUTHOR, TITLE, AND SUBJECT, THE
SIZE, PRICE, MONTH OF PUBLICA-
TION, AND PUBLISHER OF
BOOKS ISSUED IN THE
UNITED KINGDOM
AND OF SOME OF THOSE ISSUED IN
THE UNITED STATES.
BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE « LONDON ■
AND 'BRITISH' CATALOGUES.
" The English Catalogue is in-
dispensable."— Athenceum.
Specimen Copy of the Publishers'
Circular and Booksellers' Record
will be sent post free to any address.
Particulars of all New Books are
given, and 2,000 Books Wanted are
advertised for.
London :
THE PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR, Limited,
St. Dunstan's House, Fetter Lane, E.C.
N° 4086, Feb. 17, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
191
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1906.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
The Scottish Parliament in the Seventeenth
Century 191
Dr. Verrall on Ecripides 192
The Reshaping of the Far East 193
The Diocese of Ossory 193
New Novels (The Portreeve ; The Ancient Land-
mark ; A Sword of the Old Frontier ; Le Petit de
l'Hospice ; Le Baiser Rouge) 194—195
Recent verse 195
Our Library Table (With the Empress Dowager of
China ; Porfirio Diaz ; Life of Sir Andrew Clarke ;
Heine's Poetry ; The Champagne Standard ; The
Liberal Magazine ; Le Voyage de Sparte ; Ma Vie
Militaire, 1800-1810) 196—198
List of New Books 198
The late T. IL Grose ; Notaries Public ; The
'Address to Lord Denman'; A Lamb Refe-
rence Explained ; The Spring Publishing
Season 199
Literary Gossip 200
Science — La Fin de la Matters; Dr. Le Bon's
Theories of Matter ; 'The Zoological society
of London ' ; Societies ; Meetings Next Week ;
GOSSIP 201—204
Fine Arts — Graves's Dictionary of the Royal
Academy; "Independent Art" at Messrs.
Agnew's ; The Etchings of Charles Jacque ;
The Dutch Artists at the Fine-Art Society;
Arch.eological Notes ; Notes from Rome ;
Sales; Gossip 205—210
Music — Broadwood Concert; London Symphony
Orchestra ; Mozart— a Correction ; Gossip ;
Performances Next Week 210—211
Drama— A Gilded Fool; French Plays; Gossip 211—212
Index to Advertisers 212
LITERATURE
The Scottish Parliament : its Constitution
and Procedure, 1603-1707. By Charles
Sanford Terry. (Glasgow, MacLehose
& Sons.)
When Lord Stair in 1701 was called to
order by the Scottish Parliament for having
said that an Act of that assembly was
" but a decreet of the Baron Court," he
justified the expression, which, how-
ever, he was desired not to repeat, on the
ground that " the representation here was
feudal." This incident is recalled for the
purpose of emphasizing the leading idea
of Prof. Terry's book. The Scottish Par-
liament was originally the court of the
king's vassals, and, whatever it may have
become in practice, it was never in theory
a national legislature. Down to almost
the close of the sixteenth century prelates,
nobles, smaller barons, and burgesses
attended Parliament in virtue of a right
which was common to them all as Crown
freeholders, or, in other words, tenants-in-
chief. In 1585 such of the smaller barons,
of forty shillings' annual value in land, as
had not already been relieved of the duty
of personal attendance were directed to
elect two commissioners for each shire ;
and the greater barons, retaining what
was henceforth to be an exclusive privilege,
then gained the political, as they had pre-
viously held the social, rank of peers.
That this Act did not introduce represen-
tation in the modern or English sense is
evident from the fact that the shire
members were elected by a claws which
as such had had the right to attend. An
Act of 1661 established the county fran-
chise on a more liberal basis of Crown
tenure, but expressly excluded all except
the king's vassals ; and the political life,
which had arisen at a much earlier period
in the towns, was always circumscribed
by the same rule, no burghs being repre-
sented in Parliament and liable to taxation
but those " free burghs royal " which
held charters of erection from the Crown,
and down to 1672 enjoyed a practical
monopoly of trade.
In filling in these outlines of the Scottish
Constitution Prof. Terry has been anti-
cipated by several recent writers, his obli-
gations to whom are fully acknowledged ;
but he has been able to supplement at not
a few points Mr. Rait's suggestive essay,
and even the elaborate work of Mr. Porritt.
In dealing with county representation he
has derived much help from the records,
published and unpublished, of the Aber-
deenshire Sheriff Court. He shows how
the mandate of the shire members, origin-
ally annual, was extended to the duration
of Parliament ; how the practice of paying
them for their services fell into abeyance ;
how the elections were conducted ; and
how the small number of those who exer-
cised the shire franchise, limited as that
was, exposed them to coercion from the
Crown. The author's conclusion appears
to be sound that till the days of the
Covenant neither shire members nor burgh
members were permitted to vote. He has
also something fresh to impart in regard
to the extent to which the business of
Parliament from 1661 to 1690 was en-
grossed by the Lords of the Articles. The
great change resulting from the practical
abolition of this committee in 1640 has
been so fully and admirably explained
by Gardiner in the ninth volume of his
' History ' that one is at a loss to under-
stand the statement in the preface that
" the significance and interest " of Scottish
parliamentary progress in the seventeenth
century " have been almost entirely over-
looked." " No Reform Bill in our own
day," writes Gardiner, " has ever brought
about anything approaching to the poli-
tical change which was the result of this
decision." Undoubtedly, however, the
impression prevails that the committee was
fully reinstated in 1661 ; and Prof. Terry
has thus rendered good service in showing
that Parliament during the Restoration
period met for other purposes than to
elect this body and to register its decrees ;
that it established rules of debate which
were continued after the Revolution ; that
it reserved the right to determine contro-
verted elections ; and that it examined,
and even amended, measures which the
Lords of the Articles had approved. He
might have added that proposals not pre-
sented by the committee could be brought
directly before the House. We are in-
clined to envy the confidence and pre-
cision with which Prof. Terry sets forth
the legislative methods in use between the
Revolution and the Union, and at the
same time to question his estimate of
their merit when we are told that in 1707
the Scottish Parliament " had brought
itself, both as a chamber of debate and of
legislation, to a reasonable level of pro-
cedure with the English Parliament of the
day." This is hardly the impression one
receives from Hume of Crossrigg, whose
private diary is, perhaps, a better guide
than the official minutes ; and no
mention is made by Prof. Terry of a
singular practice, the source of much
" jangling," which is thus described in
the letter of an exasperated statesman to
Carstares : —
"They plead it as a privilege of the mem-
bers to give in a state of a question, and
demand a vote upon it; and if it did not
please, any other might give another state,
and vote which should be the question."
On one occasion in 1703 three hours were
occupied " about stating a vote."
Prof. Terry writes in a blunt and forcible,
but far from exact, style. Compression
is overdone in such sentences as these : —
"In spite of the emphatic vote of 13th
April, 1689, the new government was reluc-
tant to endorse it. To have done so meant
the surrender to Parliament of a power of
initiative which had been persistently with-
held."
There is no lack of thoroughness in the
researches which have gone to the making
of this book, and the reader who is also a
student will welcome the appendix of
original documents. The only error we
have noticed is the reference to the Clerical
Estate as regaining " the constitutional
position of which the Reformation had
deprived it." This position it had never
lost. The practice of bestowing benefices
in commendam, which prevailed in the
Roman Church during the last century
preceding the Reformation in Scotland,
had resulted in most of the prelacies, other
than bishoprics, being engrossed by lay-
men ; and the pseudo-ecclesiastics, though
they all embraced Protestantism, con-
tinued to represent the Church in Parlia-
ment as long as they lived. As these men
died out, persons no better qualified were
appointed in their room ; and the pro-
bability that all the great benefices would
be secularized induced Knox and his
associates to consent to a restoration of
prelacy, which, curiously enough, was to
comprise abbots and priors, with political
and judicial functions, as well as genuine
bishops. Andrew Melville persuaded the
Church, and finally the State, to repudiate
this scheme ; but the fiction of a spiritual
estate had still to be maintained ; and,
even after Presbytery had been estab-
lished in 1592, we find certain titular
prelates voting in Parliament pro clrro.
James VI., in seeking to undo Melville's
work, insisted on the necessity of uphold-
ing the parliamentary constitution ; and
the difficulty was at last solved when the
spiritual estate was confined to bishops,
and the rest of its members were absorbed
into the body of temporal peers. In a
note on p. 13*an Act of 1640 is mentioned
as suggesting that the nobility had been
reinforced by " strangers having titles of
honour." This was certainly the case.
and amongst the English commoners who
had been enrolled in the Scottish peerage
was Viscount Falkland.
Whilst Prof. Terry is to be congratu-
lated on the additions he has made to our
192
THE A T II E N M U M
N°4086, Feb. 17, 1906
knowledge of the Boottish ('(institution,
we think his work would have been more
instructive and readable had it been
on a different plan. The character
and working of a political institution may
be elucidated by direct analysis or in the
course of an historical narrative, and there
were special reasons in this case why
the second of these methods should
have been preferred. Precedent can
hardly be distinguished from innovation
in a legislative assembly which existed as
such for two brief periods amounting in
all to twenty-seven years ; and consti-
tutional progress in Scotland during the
seventeenth century was achieved under
such abnormal conditions, and bears so
misleading a resemblance to the parallel
movement in England, that it cannot be
adequately interpreted without constant
reference to the political history of the
time. Had the author put his antiquarian
knowledge into the form of an introduction
and written a narrative of Parliament
from 1603 to 1707, we should have had
a bulkier volume, no doubt, but one which
would have afforded a clearer and more
practical insight into the subject than can
be gained from the eighteen sections of
this treatise. We should then have learnt
how Parliament in its Puritan expansion
controlled, and even superseded, the exe-
cutive ; how it fostered, and finally defied,
an intolerant Church ; and, in particular,
how the Crown succeeded in building up
a system of corrupt influence to replace
the direct control of which it was deprived
when the Committee of the Articles was
finally abolished in 1690. Prof. Terry has
confined himself to the anatomy of his
subject, and much remains to be done if
the bones thus skilfully pieced together
are to be endued with life.
Essays on Four Plays of Euripides:
Andromache, Helen, Heracles, Orestes.
By A. W. Verrall, Litt.D. (Cambridge,
University Press.)
Dr. Verrall has found a theme after his
own heart. He alwaj's loves a difficulty,
so much even that he sometimes creates
one to solve it after his own fashion. In
Euripides he has a dramatist who bristles
with difficulties, and who, after enjoying
a reputation in his own day hardly second
to any, has been depreciated to such an
extent that it is difficult to understand
his ancient fame. So low, indeed, is the
estimate often held of him that it seems
to follow that critics must have misunder-
stood him. At present, however, there
seems a revival in his favour, due to
Dr. Murray's poetical translations, and
critics in the daily press are quoting
Mrs. Browning's hackneyed lines ad
nauseam.
In* ' Euripides the Rationalist ' Dr.
Verrall dealt with his author on broad
lines ; here he takes four of his plays,
veritable puzzles, and after showing the
absurdity of the common interpretations
of them, offers new ones of his own, based
on the general view of the poet's genius
which he has formed. He claims to have
found for these four plays interpretations
reasonable and consistent, in place of the
only possible alternative, the assumption
that as dramas they are complete failures.
Granted the fame of Euripides, we are
inclined to think that Dr. Verrall's
view is likely to be right : let us now look
at the interpretations he suggests, and
see whether they do all he claims for
them.
We have not space fully to discuss the
interpretations of these four plays. The
questions raised are intricate, and require
more than a brief summary. But the
general line of interpretation followed is
this. Euripides, we know, was accused
of bringing down tragedy to common
earth ; what he did would more properly
be described as translating into modern
circumstances the ethical and psycholo-
gical problems which are implied in certain
stories. Thus with ' Heracles,' for ex-
ample : here is a great man, renowned
for deeds of courage and beneficence,
about whom cluster a number of super-
natural and impossible tales. How could
such tales grow up ? Was he a charlatan
who invented them 1 did he admit them ?
or in what way are they to be accounted
for ? And what manner of man was he,
if we could get close to him ? Dr. Verrall
explains him by assuming that he was a
man inspired with great ideas, yet afflicted
with recurrent fits of madness, in which
his imagination transformed his deeds
into something miraculous. The unthink-
ing and ignorant crowd, hearing the utter-
ances of his madness, accepted them for
truth ; but Heracles himself in his sane
moments never claimed miraculous power,
nor, indeed, did he realize the shape in
which he appeared to the crowd. After
his last fit of madness, in which he slays
his wife and children, he utters some pro-
found speculations, which show how far
he is above the men of his own day in his
views of God and the future life ; and we
see in him " a soul's tragedy." So, again,
the ' Orestes ' describes a series of events
which might have happened in democratic
Athens. The political state of things, the
procedure of the trial — all the circum-
stances are far more modern than the
heroic age. The interest centres on the
interaction of two mad-headed boys, full
of the hot sentiment which may be found
in ' Dick Turpin ' and suchlike stories,
with a cold-blooded fiend of a woman,
Electra ; Menelaus, the sordid schemer ;
Helen, a selfish doll ; and Tyndareus, a
noble and upright man. Orestes would
have got off with a light punishment but
for his own folly ; and Electra, a woman
with brains, but no heart, uses him and
Pylades as tools to wreak her spite on
Hermione, whose only sin is that Clytem-
nestra cared for her more than for Electra.
In ' Helen ' we have a playful " apology "
for the crime of having spoken ill of
womankind, composed (Dr. Verrall thinks)
to do honour to a clever and remarkable
Athenian woman, at whose house it was
also performed. By allusions in the play
and in Aristophanes's parody of it Dr.
Verrall has recovered (some will say, has
imagined) her name, history, and dwelling-
place. The ' Andromache ' is not quite
of the same kind as these ; in that play
Dr. Verrall suggests motives for the actions
and a logical connexion between them,
which does not exist in the current inter-
pretation, by assuming the existence of a
First Part,
It will be seen that Dr. Verrall has
recourse to the assumption that plays
were performed privately in Athens ; and
he holds that this was the case not only
with the ' Helen,' but also with the
' Medea,' ' Orestes,' and others. The hypo-
thesis is reasonable. We find it in Eng-
land at the time when the drama flourished ;
we find a similar relation of public to
private performance in the music of the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. As
Dr. Verrall aptly remarks, how otherwise
could all the hundreds of plays we know
of have been performed at all ? Only a
limited number could have found place at
the great festivals ; and these he supposes
were the best, sifted out from a great mass
by the criticism of private audiences.
Such plays would naturally be simpler,
both in staging and in structure. For
example, they would be likely to have no
chorus ; and it is easy to see that the
' Orestes ' would be better without one.
Again, they need not have a conventional
plot or ending ; the ' Orestes,' and in a
less degree the ' Medea,' have been spoilt
by such an ending. But if they
were produced at the Dionysia, chorus
they must have, and they must not too
boldly refute tradition. Dr. Verrall ana-
lyzes certain plays to show how the original
draft was altered. It is wTell that he has
drawn attention to this point ; and
it may be that when Greek literature is
searched with this theory of rearrange-
ment in view, more evidence may be
found.
In the psychological and ethical criti-
cism of these four plays Dr. Verrall has
scored a great success. We have, indeed,
made great advances in this direction
within the last generation or so ; but
much remains to be done, and it is work
of the highest value at the present time,
because it makes the Greek drama intel-
ligible as literature. We have to regard
Greek plays, not as Greek to be translated,
but as drama to be acted, and capable of
reacting upon the intelligence and cha-
racter of the audience. The humanity
under a strange outside is what we care
most for ; and it is what the editors
of Greek plays seem to understand
least.
We must offer our congratulations to
Dr. Verrall on the admirable clearness
with which he states and analyzes the
intricate plots. Admirable also is the
way in which he has shown how each of
these four plays is essentially " modern " :
they are not ancient legends dished up,
but problems of the day — the characters
and their adventures such as might have
been seen in the time of Euripides —
might, indeed, with changes of environ-
ment, be seen now. By his contempor-
aries this modern note was, as we know,
recognized as a chief mark of Euripides as
N° 4086, Feb. 17, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
193
contrasted with ^Eschylus and Sophocles ;
it was even made his reproach. So far,
then, Dr. Verrall makes Euripides more
credible for us, and the insight of this
argument should not be neglected.
Whether his interpretation will stand the
test of time and criticism in all details is
another matter ; but it must be admitted
that he is working on the right hnes, and
in our view he has made a long step in
advance. We may add a pious wish that
Dr. Verrall would write an original Greek
play. He has given the outline of one in
discussing the ' Helen,' and it would be a
most interesting document.
The Reshaping of the Far East. By B. L.
Putnam Weale. With Illustrations and
Map. 2 vols. (Macmillan & Co.)
In these volumes of over eleven hundred
pages we have the " whole story of the
past decade " in the Far East told with
considerable vigour and no little dogmat-
ism. The author is already known by
his book on ' Manchu and Muscovite,'
but beyond that work and the present
we do not know what his credentials are
as an authority upon the many and diffi-
cult questions that agitate the lands lying
east of Singapore. The style savours of
that of a correspondent or journalist ; the
book is impressionist — shows industry in
note - taking, keenness of observation,
variety of experience, and sufficient bold-
ness of speculation. The moment is inter-
esting and important in Far Eastern
history. It is more than probable that
Russia will never again be a factor of
importance on the shores of the Pacific.
France, too, may be eliminated as a
disturber of Oriental peace. Germany
for some time may retain the fruits of her
enterprise in the shape of that expensive,
but very well-ordered toy Tsingtao ; but
her territorial ambitions in Shantung
seem likely to be repressed. For China
at last is waking up. She has railways
of which the mileage is certain to increase
rapidly, and a press that expands with
even greater speed. Mr. Weale travelled
on the Hankow-Peking line and on the
German Shantung line. The former is a
Franco-Belgian construction, ill made and
ill managed ; the latter is solidly laid and
admirably equipped in every particular.
It would seem that the Germans and the
Japanese alone possess the secret of doing
thoroughly what they set their hands to
do. Yet even they do not command
success : Kiaochau is a failure, as it
deserves to be, and Japan's Manchurian
campaign has not yet produced a
diplomatic triumph. Both countries lack
imagination, and, being unable to see
things as others see them, make mistakes.
Japan follows Germany in many ways
unpleasing to the British mind, and
maintains a political police system — her
heritage from Bakufu days — as a method
of government. Mr. Weale himself was
watched and almost treated as a spy
because he spoke a few words of Chinese to
a Chinaman. No form of government based
on such a system, combined with a veiled
but real despotism, can be considered
satisfactory. We wish the author had
told us more about the Chinese press.
There are 160 journals, which have a con-
siderable circulation and a very much
more considerable audience. Most of the
papers are owned and managed by Chinese,
but about 50 per cent, of them are entirely
under Japanese influence. The Japanese,
too, possess a large shop in Shanghai
where thousands of books are sold on all
sorts of Western subjects. But we should
have liked to know something about the
tone and substance of the Chinese press —
whether it is scurrilous and trivial, or pre-
tentious and priggish, or of a more solid
and business character in conformity
with the Chinese temperament.
The Chinaman has always had a clearer
vision of things political than he has been
credited with. As railways and news-
papers bring together Chinese bodies and
Chinese minds, he will be able to give
fuller expression to what has always been
his ideal — China for the Chinese. Now,
for the first time in her history, China
is achieving nationahsm, of which even
Japan had no notion some thirty years ago.
Thousands of Chinese young men are ac-
quiring Western knowledge, chiefly through
Japanese channels, but by no means
wholly so, and before a quarter of a century
has elapsed China will be fully able to
defend herself — she is, in fact, under
existing political conditions fairly able
to do so already — against any amount
even of " mailed fist " diplomacy.
Among the many interesting chapters
in these volumes — on the war, on the
mistakes of the war, on the Chinese Court
and its influence, on the foreign legations
in Japan, on the Chinaman himself, on
the foreign services in China, on Kiaochau,
blockade-running, Japan in time of war,
on China arming, on the missionary ques-
tion, &c. — perhaps the most attractive,
and to many readers the most novel, will
be that on the " peculiar attitude " of
the United States. For the first time the
past policy of America in the Far East
meets with severe castigation. It may
be sufficiently judged by the tone of
President Tyler's letter dispatched in
1843 to the Chinese Emperor. It is well
that the document is here printed in full.
It is scarcely necessary to say that under
President Roosevelt the old sort of diplo-
macy has been utterly abolished and its
whole personnel swept away.
Despite some loose history, exaggerated
statements, and rather wild speculations,
the work is the best account of twentieth-
century China in existence, and affords
useful, though far from infallible hints as
to the possibilities of the next decade in
the Far East. The publishers have dealt
with it liberally : the illustrations are
numerous and extremely well chosen ;
there is an appendix containing a number
of documents of great service to the student
of Far Eastern matters, and also a capital
map, prepared upon a most generous
scale.
History of the Diocese of Ossory. By
William Carrigan, C.C. 4 vols. (Dublin,
Sealy, Bryers & Walker.)
The Roman Catholic clergy of Ireland are
to be congratulated on possessing a
member with the patience and learning of
Mr. Carrigan. He has such independence
of spirit, according to his diocesan's
preface, that he does not hesitate upon
occasions to contradict even Cardinal
Moran ! Probably the Cardinal's Trans-
Pacific experiences have accustomed
him to such liberties, almost unknown in
Ireland.
It would be impossible in a brief notice
to give a complete sketch of this laborious
book, which goes with care over every
parish in the diocese, comprising the county
of Kilkenny and a large part of Queen's
County. The author notes all the eccle-
siastical ruins and antiquities, copies the
old inscriptions, and cites the annals of
the country, so far as they bear upon his
subject. He has, indeed, ample results
to show for the twenty years he has spent
on a not always grateful task. The
defect of the book is its confessedly one-
sided standpoint. Mr. Carrigan is con-
cerned with the Roman Catholic diocese,
and though he derives not a little from
the learning of Protestant antiquaries
like James Graves, and the courtesy of the
present " Protestant bishop," he mentions
that side unwillingly, and gives us not a
word concerning the post-Reformation
parish priests of the Anglican Church in
the diocese. The history of the Cathedral
of St. Canice had already been written by
James Graves and Prim ; the ancient
splendours of the house of Ormond have
long been the public property of historians,
both English and Irish ; what we owe to
Mr. Carrigan is the minute rehearsal of
the local annals of a diocese which was
certainly the most important in Ireland
under its Norman conquerors, and hardly
second to Dublin centuries after. For the
connexion of Strongbow and his fellows
with Kilkenny is more intimate than with
any other place in Ireland. The Castle
of Kilkenny, bought by the Butlers from
a De Spencer, is still the living symbol of
that conquest. The charters and deeds
of the old Norman barons are still nume-
rous in the great muniment room of the
castle. This pre-eminence is evidently
due to the easy access from the sea to
Kilkenny by way of the Nore, which the
Earl of Pembroke would naturally choose
for his transit from South Wales. The old
ecclesiastical settlements in the neigh-
bourhood showed that the Church had
spread its civilizing influence through that
part of Ireland even long before. It lies
clear not only of the wild mountains reach-
ing from co. Dublin down to the Barrow
in co. Wexford, but also of the wild swamps
and forests which occupied Queen's County
to the north-west. Hence Kilkenny was
an early centre of Anglo-Norman culture.
Parliaments were held there, and it was
the capital of the Irish insurgents, patriot",
and priests who carried on war against
the Parliament . and cither for Charles I. or
for themselves, in the years following 1641.
194
THE ATHEN^UM
N°408G, Feb. 17, 1906
On this most complicated war our
author confines himself to the attitude
taken up by the famous Bishop Rothe
and his priests against the Papal Legate
Rinnccini, and his account, fortified by
many declarations reproduced in exten.so,\s
very instructive. It is clear enough that,
writing a.s a priest, he dare not approve
of the bishop, whereas as an historian his
sympathies are on the side of those who
appealed to Rome against the Legate's
tyranny. No one could say that such an
appeal was not perfectly legal and ortho-
dox. We suppose that the point at issue
(not clearly stated) is whether, in the
interval between the appeal and the reply,
the Ossory priests were justified in dis-
regarding the Nuncio. As a matter of
fact, one Pope called the appeal frivolous,
while the next admitted its justice.
This is but one specimen of the inter-
esting matter which the historian of
Kilkenny can discuss. His clerical posi-
tion, if it be not conducive to impartial
and scientific treatment of his subject, at
least gave him access to many relics of the
old time, preserved in churches and
monasteries, which non-Catholics have
never seen, or even heard of. Thus the
ordinary histories of the Ormond family
pass over the possession of a fragment of
the true Cross by that family as far back
as 1487, which the last Catholic Earl
(Walter), the grandfather of the first Duke,
bequeathed to the Catholic branch of his
family. Mr. Carrigan does not give a
word of credit to the great Duke, who was
brought up a Protestant, for carefully
adhering to his grandfather's wishes ; and
so this curious relic, in its beautiful silver
case in the form of an archiepiscopal cross,
survives in an Ursuline convent at Black
Rock, near Cork. But while he gives
us a picture of the rude throne called
St. Kieran's chair, still in the north tran-
sept of St. Canice's Cathedral, he does
not say a word about the alleged habit of
the Catholic bishops, down to the present
day, of being enthroned there.
We have left ourselves no space to speak
of Mr. Carrigan's researches into the annals
of the old clans — O'Moores, O'Dunnes,
MacGillpatricks (Fitzpatrick), Kavanaghs,
&c, who warred and plundered about the
diocese for a thousand years. Strange to
say, two of them — the Norman Butler
and the Irish Fitzpatrick — are there to-day,
and there as great personages. Still more
interesting is it that they represent the
Anglo-Norman and the Celt respectively,
though their ancestors have constantly
intermarried with the opposed race, and
so striven to efface the distinction.
There is another great and interesting
family, living in the most peculiar spot in
Ireland, about whom we might have ex-
pected more detail from our author. We
mean the Wandesford family, possessed of
Castle Comer since 1635, and owning the
only old coal-property in Ireland. But
the Wandesfords were English and Pro-
testant ; they still hold their original estate
in Yorkshire, and may be overlooked by
Mr. Carrigan for that reason. The coal
which was then to be gathered on the
surface, probably attracted the first Wan-
desford (Master of the Rolls and afterwards
Strafford's deputy), and we only wonder
that the first Lord Cork did not add this to
his other acquisitions of profit in Ireland.
The O'Brenans were turned out, and the
district which remains curiously isolated,
was civilized and planted. It still supplies
the neighbourhood with coal, but, having
no railroad near it, supports only a local
industry to the present day. The annals
of the house have been recently told in a
handsome monograph, from which Mr.
Carrigan might have drawn much infor-
mation ; but he would probably tell us
that there are plenty of Protestant his-
torians, and historians of English pro-
sperity. What he desires to save from
oblivion are vestiges of former piety —
round towers, Norman doorways, chalices,
reliquaries ; of these he has given us, both
in picture and text, an astonishing number.
For this labour of love, which is also the
labour of a life, all students of Ireland and
its history will indeed be grateful to the
author, and even the most emancipated
will condone occasional bits of superstition,
and occasional mis judgments of noble and
generous opponents of his creed.
NEW NOVELS.
The Portreeve. By Eden Phillpotts.
(Methuen & Co.)
Mr. Phillpotts has a way of beginning
to end badly, as Stevenson phrased it.
One feels instinctively from the outset of
his stories that he is working towards a
lurid conclusion. There is thunder in the
air which will culminate in storm. He is
capable of writing very lightly, and of
handling the humours of the country-side
with deftness and skill. And in all his
books he introduces a chorus of rustics on
which his humour plays. But for the
major part of his theme, for his central
motive, Mr. Phillpotts prefers tragedy.
Life consists of comedies and tragedies
inexplicably mingled, so that there is no
fault to be found with his methods, yet
it may be objected that he is too consist-
ently tragic when there is, after all, no
necessity to be so. The motto of ' The
Portreeve ' might have been spretce injuria
formce, for it is the tale of a woman's
revenge. Primrose Horn, the handsome
daughter of a farmer on Dartmoor, fancies
the Portreeve, who is a self-made man,
Dodd Wolferstan by name ; but Dodd is
in love with another girl. Hence all the
tears and tragic events. For Primrose
is a little more than woman. She con-
spires with another to break off Wolfer-
stan's engagement by spreading calumnies
about him, and by arranging tableaux in
which he is compromised with her. And
she gets her way up to a point. But the
cup is dashed from her lips even as she
would drink of it, and her love turns to
rancour. We cannot quite believe in so
malignant a creature who is at pains to
rob the man of his unborn child by bring-
ing false reports of his death to the wife.
But Wolferstan is admirably pictured, and
the villagers are faithful to life. Among
the best of the characters is the young
miller with aspirations to be a gentleman,
a vain head, and a weak good-nature, who
is used by the ruthless Primrose as a
creature. But would he have consented
to aid in the ruin of a man merely because
that man had rejected his wife's affection ?
It hardly seems human nature. ' The
Portreeve ' is full of interesting material,
and this " composes " well enough. But
the composition seems to be sometimes
at the sacrifice of verisimilitude.
The Ancient Landmark. By Elizabeth
Cherry Waltz. (Methuen & Co.)
The scene of this domestic tale is laid in
Kentucky. Students of provincial speech
and manners will find more interest in it
than is afforded by the plot. Briefly, it
describes the gradual revolt of an injured
wife, Kitty May, who is released from her
domestic tyrant mainly through the
energetic interference of a young Vir-
ginian. He galvanizes the old-fashioned
Kentuckians into action for the benefit
of a neighbour's child, whose lot they
pity, but not to the extent of moving
the " ancient landmark " of matrimony.
Kitty May is an excellent optimist, a
second wife who conjures cleverly with
the sometimes obtrusive shade of her
elderly husband's first ruler. On the
whole, we find variety in the types de-
picted, sordid and unpleasing as they
mostly are.
A Sword of the Old Frontier. By Randall
Parrish. (Putnam's Sons.)
Mr. Parrish's tale follows the conven-
tional structure of historical romance. It
relates the adventures of Chevalier Raoul
de Coubert, a French officer in disgrace,
in the wilderness of America during the
year 1763. The French and the English
were then at loggerheads, albeit there was
peace in Europe, and it is out of the
atmosphere of distrust and intrigue that
the author makes his tangle. In Fort
Chartres are two English girls, one of
whom, for some reason, is styled Rene,
while the other is always Mademoiselle
to the gallant Chevalier. De Coubert is
employed on a secret mission to Pontiac,
the Indian chief who is fighting the English,
and the girls and he go through wonderful
and exhausting adventures before they
reach safety. There is treachery in plenty,
and swords are freely drawn. Escapes
are the order of the day ; and Mademoi-
selle, starting in the orthodox way with
disdain for an apparent coureur de bois,
descends (or ascends) into love for him.
Whence came this disdainful heroine, who
is to be met with in half the modern
romances ? Is it possible that Tenny-
son's Lynette is responsible for her ? Of
course, the plot " makes itself " with such
a start, particularly if hero and heroine
arc committed to desperate adventures
in company. Mr. Parrish writes with
colour and spirit, and his ingenuity in
devising new variations in adventure is
admirable.
N° 4086, Feb. 17, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
195
Le Petit de VHospice. By Jean Payoud.
(Paris, Dujarric.)
Abe the French of the day more tolerant
of boredom than we have become ? A
novel on abuses of the boarding-out
system and defects in country workhouses,
by an unknown writer, issued by one of
the smaller publishing firms ; long, mono-
tonous, and, though crammed with obser-
vation, not redeemed by genius, would
stand no chance of public notice. Mr.
Eveleigh Nash published last October
a book on the horrors of Eurasian life in
Calcutta, better than the equally painful
volume now before us. In the preference
which has to be exercised in London, as
in Paris, it was crowded out of notice by
novels on more pleasant themes. M.
Payoud's book has " pierced," as the
French say. He has nothing to tell us :
few of those who deal with " the Social
Question," without being " hard," or
revolutionary, have. A pauper bastard,
bike M. Payoud's hero, may have a dread-
ful life under any system. He depends on
luck, and so do those who are born in
wedlock, and whose lot in the slums is
often harder than that of the " children
of the State."
Le Baiser Rouge. By Maxime Formont.
(Paris, Alphonse Lemerre.)
M. Maxime Formont will please, as
usual, his usual public, in his tale of the
destruction of the virtuous French upper-
middle - class heroine by the wicked
marchioness from Spain. Everything is
inevitable, from the first page up to
p. 302 : the hardened critic expects it,
knows it, all. Then, in the last nine
pages, comes the selection of the par-
ticular form chosen for killing the hero
and his excellent bride. This is start-
lingly unexpected, but, alas ! crudely
improbable. The Irish governess — who
now figures in almost all French novels
— is the subject of one of those printers'
errors which are common in foreign ver-
sions of any English phrase. The differ-
ence between " advice " and t: advise" is
small — but, sometimes, important.
RECENT VERSE.
The Last Poems of Richard Watson Dixon,
D.D., selected and edited by Robert Bridges
(Frowde), are interesting from the fact that
their author was a prominent member of
the Oxford " Brotherhood," and one of the
founders — indeed, the original suggester —
of the short-lived Oxford and Cambridge
Magazine. In themselves, however, they
can hardly be said to represent Canon Dixon's
best work. We confess, on the whole, to a
feeling of disappointment. His lyrical faculty
which was considerable, shows here some-
what laboriously, and yet it is from the
purely lyrical pieces that the book derives
such value as it may possess. The long
opening poem ' Too Much Friendship,' in
the decasyllabic rhymed couplet, is totally
unconvincing, besides Ik-hilt lame in versifi-
cation, and gives the impression of having
been something of a perfunctory effort.
The author permits himself to descend to
such artificial banalities as
The Acidalian mountain next he made.
Where his own mother lay in sweets dissolved,
Whose humid eyes in flames as quick revolved.
The poem can certainly add nothing to
Canon Dixon's reputation, and it seems a
pity that it should have been included in
this selection. A worthier effort altogether
is ' Dust and Wind.' We quote four stanzas:
Oh, dust, thou art faithful still to man, to the tribes of
earth :
Thy dark and dreadful silence forbiddeth not other birth ;
And that future birth shall I.e. for the former things remain,
Ever that resurrection, which is unto joy with pain.
But now, oh what of the wind that uplifteth thy multitudes '.
Is he too faithful to earth, and to earth's unhappy broods?
Is the wind content to breathe, like the voiceless voice of
of the dust.
The story of joy with pain, and of justice made unjust?
Nay, gone he is full far, since he dropped thee on the plain ;
And he taketh his other forms of the sea, of the cloud, of
the rain,
Of the beams of the sun and moon, of the high-tossed
forest trees,
Whose boughs sweep the earth like billows, whose voice
is the voice of seas.
He upseals the evening sky with the chilly roses of eve,
Pressed far on the infinite blue, and thus would he deceive :
As if he would image to man another world of light,
Amidst his watery show— down rushes the curtain of night.
These are strangely uneven stanzas — indeed,
nothing could be weaker than the last line ;
yet, in spite of faults of technique and occa-
sional obscurity, the poet is evident in them.
The ' Ode on the Death of Dickens ' is, as a
poem, perhaps the best in the book, though
its connexion with the professed subject is
not immediately apparent. The unfinished
hymn ' Priest of the Only Sacrifice,' which
concludes the volume, is genuinely impressive,
but there is little else which calls for comment.
An over-laudatory preface is contributed
by Miss M. E. Coleridge. The poem which
she quotes as not to be beaten for " sheer
reality " either by Crabbe or Burns, begin-
ning,
I rode my horse to the hostel gate.
And the landlord fed it with corn and hay
His eyes were blear, he limped in his gait,
His lip hung down, his hair was gray,
seems evidently inspired by Tennyson's
' Vision of Sin',' for Tennyson was at one
time the idol of the " Brotherhood."
New Collected Rhymes. By Andrew Lang.
(Longmans & Co.)— For all his modernity,
his airy trick of slang, his graceful irreverence,
it is not possible to look upon Mr. Lang as
a poet who essentially belongs to his day.
Rather he gives the impression, in howsoever
dim and elusive a fashion, of having strayed
in upon us from another age — the age,
perhaps, of the Pleiad, or, earlier yet, of
those singers whose garlands lie pressed
between the pages of the ' Greek Anthology.'
He is really at his best when he sings of
summers that are gone and " shadows
fragrant of the dew" — when, indeed, it is
his mood to call up a whole world of romance
and youth and spring. But these angelic
visitations are characteristically rare, and
we must be grateful for the admirable
trifling witli which it is most often his
humour to regale us.
The present volume opens with a preface
that too modestly sets it down as a poor
little flutter of rhymes," and a delightful
dedicatory poem addressed to Mr. Austin
Dobson. Then come some ' Loyal Lyrics,'
of which perhaps the most to be preferred
are ' Culloden ' and ' Rod and White Hoses,'
the following stanza being taken from the
latter : —
White roses under the moon
For the King without lands to give ;
Hut he reigns with the reign of June,
With the rose and the blackbird'! tune,
And he Uvei while faith shall live.
Among the poems ' Critical of Life, Art,
and Literature ' ' Tusitala ' stands by itself :
We moke "f a rest in a fairv knowe of the North, but he.
Far from the firths of the Fast, anil the racing tides of the
We-t ,
Sleeps in the si-ht and the sound of the infinite Southern
Swa,
Weary and well content in his grave on the \ MR 'rest.
Winds of the West and the East in the rainy season blow
Heavv with perfume, and all his fragrant woods are wet ;
Wind's of the Fast and the West as they wander to and fro
Bear him the love of the land he loved, and the long regTet.
Once we were kindest, he said, when leagues of the limitless
Flowed between us, but now that no wash of the wandering
tides
Sunders us each from each, vet ne uer we seem to be.
Whom only the nnbridged stream of the river of Death
divides.
Far be it from us to grudge Mr. Lang his
charming dalliance with Thalia, or the deeps
of erudition wherein he moves so easily ; yet
at the same time, we cannot but wonder
what literature might have gained had he
taken himself seriously as a poet. How-
ever that may be, the " well-timed daffing "
which forms the larger proportion of this
collection should materially increase the
gaiety of at least one nation. Many writers
have handled the old Fiench forms with
more or less success, especially the ballade,
but none with such skill as Mr. Lang. The
ballade of ' The Food of Fiction ' tempts
almost irresistibly to citation as a poignant
truth inimitably, and for the first time,
stated. The ' Ballade of Dead Cricketers,'
with its excellent refrain, should leave no
lover of cricket cold. And the octave en-
titled'Brahma, after Emerson,' should not
be missed : — ■
If the wild bowler thinks he bowls,
Or if the batsman thinks he s howled,
They know not, poor misguided souls,
They too shall perish unconsoled.
/ am the batsman and the hat,
/ am the bowler and the ball,
The umpire, the pavilion cat.
The roller, pitch, and stumps, and all.
It is, however, in the ' Rhyme of Oxford
Cockney Rhymes ' that the singer's agile
wit perhaps' most conspicuously shines.
The limitations of space forbid aught but
two excerpts, but they may serve to furnish
some idea of its vivacity —
Though Keats rhymed " ear" to " Cytherea,"
And Morris " dawn*' to "morn,"
A worse example, it is clear,
By Oxford Pons is " shorn."
ti — y, of Magdalen, goes beyond
These pony Cockneys far.
And to " Ma'grath " rhymes— Muse, despond ! —
" Magrath" he rhymes to " star.''
Oh, Hoxford was a pleasant plice
To many a poet dear.
And Sacchanssa had the grice
In Hoxford to appear.
But Waller, if to Cytherea
He prayed at any time.
Did not implore "her friendly ear,"
And think he had a rhyme.
The collection also includes songs about
golf, about fishing, and of the Maid of
Orleans, together with a few good Scottish
ballads in the manner of the itinerant bards
of late sixteenth-century date, and some
accomplished pastiches, which claim to be
" Jubilee Poems, by Bards who were
Silent,"
In her new volume Jnnocencics (Bullen)
Katharine Tynan professedly sings of chil-
dren ,
and of folk on wings ;
Of faith, of love, of quiet country things.
She has written before of children, and
written with feeling and knowledge, and the
same notes are here exhibited. In her form
Mrs. Hinkson is by no means above criticism.
Site has all Mrs. Browning's vice of imperfect
artistry, and she may not aspire to Mrs.
Browning's level of achievement. But she
has melodies of her own, as well as melodiea
that she borrows, as, for example, in a pretty
lyric which closes on a somewhat higher
note than it opens : — ■
The Day with tinker to her li|>s.
Bound to the heavenly F.vening slips ;
And all the winds are lullabies ;
And all the stars are mothers' e\es.
The sentiment of 'The Child's Crave" 13
unusual, and will probably meet with few
190
Til E A Til EN .HUM
N K)86, Pbb. 17, 1906
echoes bom maternal hearte j bul the poem
^ lignificanl "t Mrs. Binkeon's muse. We
quota tin- Aral and la I itansa - : —
\\ . I. I In- j/i.o.- r.lnni la .
Nweel pr.i" in uhlne ruid ihowrra,
When ill.- irindi ring, the shadows p
w rape t ha lost i. null nf urns.
w . i,-ft the -iikin pass to ware
\i.,,\c in-* darling head,
Ami bade the B irth fur^.-t one grave
(»f .ill bet million-- dead.
We [ike the verses 'Sea Holly,' though here
t hi* aathor ezhibita the defect are have
■heady pointed out : —
Qrey iiiisiio and grey sea-holly,
Dear, forgetting was only folly,
Om iiiiisth.it mj In-art trill keep,
i i.i. i- of grej . in my last long deep I
Gray thistle and gray sea-holly.
This is characteristic of Mrs. Hinkson in its
defeota and its qualities. Hut ' The Widow '
discovers the failure of a muse which in its
essence is shadowy, and refuses hard facts.
Mrs. Hinkson has so much of her own to say
that she can afford not to be adaptive ; yet
she constantly reminds one of other verses.
After Shelley's ' Skylark ' it is surely pre-
sumptuous to write : —
Hear the enamoured nightingale
Call (ivit golden tit-Ms dew-pale :
in the enchanted dusk— oh, hear it !
But is it bird, or is it spirit?
But we will not part with Mrs. Hinkson on
these terms. As we have said, she writes
always with feeling about children ; and
perhaps her most sympathetic achievement
is the delightful poem entitled ' The
Mother ' :—
Great passions I awake that must
Bow any woman to the dust
With fear lest she should fail to rise
As high as those enamoured eyes.
They praise my cheeks, my lips, my eyes,
With Love's most exquisite flatteries,
Covet my hands that they may kiss
And to their ardent bosoms press.
So to be loved, so to be wooed,
(), more than mortal woman should !
What if she fail or fall behind !
Lord, make me worthy, keep them blind !
It is not unjust to say that Echoes from
the City of the Sun, by C. R. Ashbee (Essex
House Press), derives a great part of its
interest from its appearance. The binding
is of a studied severity ; the paper is ex-
cellent, and the type aims at, and in our
opinion achieves, distinction. With regard
to the poetry, however, we cannot help
feeling that the author has presumed some-
what on these externals. It is not always
easy to detect his meaning. Such poems
as ' The Prince and the Forester,' ' The
Song of the City of the Foundress,' and others
of the kind, do not at first sight convey
anything at all, though patient study might
eventually succeed in suggesting some signi-
ficance. There are, however, some of real
merit. ' Old Belief ' and the five grouped
under the title ' II Pentacordo del Anima '
are all intelligible and delightful ; while
that called ' The Clock of St. Mary's in
Whitechapel ' is effective in thought and
rhytlim, and does actually succeed in lending
a touch of poetry to such things as " tubes "
and tram-lines. A word of praise must be
added for two out of the six songs, namely,
' The Master Craftsman's Song ' and ' Some-
day-Time,' which are excellent. As to the
other four, we doubt if they would stand
the test of ordinary print and paper.
An Hour of Reverie. By F. P. Sturne.
(Elkin Mathews.) — This little volume makes
pleasant reading enough. The poems are
all short, and full of the comfortable yearn-
ings and self-imposed regrets which form
the stock-in-trade of much modern poesy ;
but they contain notlung inspiring, and
Intl.- timt vrill arresi attention. Po<
like ■ Love in Autumn,' ' A Might in Decem-
ber,' '('in " <" !>•■ Wi-.-,' and 'Tin- Shrine'
are of the kind that can he read and forgot tan
without effort. More attractive an the
mystical Lyrics inspired, we take it, chiefly
by .Mr. w.'n. Yeats. ' Motley Fool ' and ' i
Sleeper in Sanaa arc two of the best ; and
the poem called 'Launoelot tells of the
Enchanted Islands ' is delightfully musical,
if vaguely reminiscent of various masters.
There is m the book a fair leavening of that
popular paganism which makes an excellent
substitute for thought, and of this the last
poem, ' Credo,' is a glaring example. But
the author can, wo feel, do much better
than this. He has a mastery of his medium,
much delicate fancy, and a sense of rhythm
nearly flawless. Would he but cease to
bo imitative, and sing of some theme which
he can make his own, the result should be
worth reading.
Sea Danger, and other Poems, by R. G.
Keatinge (Elkin Mathews), if it represents
no very strong flight of poesy, is never-
theless remarkable. The lyrics, though
slight in theme, have the genuine ring, and,
withal, a spontaneity and freshness of tone
which more than outweigh any depression
that the reader might feel at meeting with
bevies of time-honoured rhymes — " breeze "
and " trees," " maiden " and " o'erladen,"
and the three ertswhile inseparables beloved
of Calverley, " sorrow," " borrow," and
" to-morrow." The poems called respec-
tively ' Fairies ' and ' Dew Vision ' show
a delicacy of touch and a fine sense of
rhythm which, combined with the author's
undoubted, if somewhat latent, powers
of imagination, form no mean equipment
for a more ambitious effort than any here
contained. There are some stanzas on
' Spring ' — a perilous venture for poets in
these days — which successfully avoid the
commonplace, and ' Fear ' is a lyric of in-
disputable power ; but in the three sonnets
Mr. Keatinge seems shackled by his metre.
The book will be read with pleasure by such
as can appreciate the delicate in r>oetry.
Mr. B. W. Henderson is not a Godley,
much less a Calverley, but his verses entitled
At Intervals (Methuen & Co.) will be read
with pleasure by the limited public to which
he appeals. Very restricted also is the
range of subjects open to the university
humorist, to whom a high degree of technical
perfection becomes in consequence indis-
pensable. Much of what Mr. Henderson
has to say is said well, if not in the best
possible way : but he is often involved and
obscure (as in the prefatory stanza), his
rhymes are not too abundant, and his metre
is occasionally at fault. An apostrophe to
Aristotle as
Thou, whom the scholar, set to pleasures nOT
(Whom prose no more, but essay now enthrals),
Hi* periods colouring with a purple hue,
Stageirite calls,
shows Mr. Henderson at his happiest. There
are four poems at the end of the little volume
in a serious strain. Of these ' The Last
Evening ' strikes a note which every one
who has experienced the pangs of " going
down " will echo. Wo quote the opening
stanza : —
O summer eve, rest gently on these «alls.
On these grey walls, and bid them our farewell.
Soft falls the night ; Tower to Tower calls,
Wrapped round with silver spell.
Lady Alfred Douglas, the author of
The Blue Bird (Marlborough Press) has an
undeniable gift of poetical expression, and
a fancy which is generally pretty. But the
charm of her work is largely discounted by
certain prevailing affectations, one of which
consists in the somewhat reckless placing of
three dots in the middle or at the end of a
line, for no apparent r«-a- 00, M m tin- follow-
—
onh a shadow
I '-our,
ll (Ik- living fl'.w •
II hi ply I.
m, though the poet may have a fa
appreciation of statues, it i- difficult t->
believe that ried dawns" have really
seen her " bowed before their beauty," or
that, " passionately prone," she ha* " wor-
shipped th<- white form of stone." This,
too, is a species of affectation verging on
the ludicrous, and it '.out
tin- hook, as, for example, m tin- title ' Pea-
cocks. A Mood,' which distinguishes a
sonnet, graceful enough, but otherwise not
remarkahle. Still, there an- poems like
'The Child' and ' Daffodil Dawn,' which,
in spite of these objections, possess that
quality which distinguishes poetry from
verse. It is a pity, then, that the author
should have chosen to rely on little artificial
mannerisms, which merely serve to irritate,
and consequently to prejudice many minds
against much that is good, and would, with
the aid of a sense of humour, come near to
being excellent. The print, paper, and
binding of the book are exceedingly attrac-
tive.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
With the Emjyress Dowager of China. By
Katharine A. Carl. (Eveleigh Nash.) — The
Dowager Empress of China is one of the
most interesting personalities in existence.
Born in official rank — the daughter of a
lieutenant-general of the Manchu forces —
she was at an early age chosen to adorn the
imperial harem. When there she attracted
the attention of the Emperor, and being
fortunate enough to present him with a son,
which the Empress had failed to do, she
was promoted to the rank of Empress of
the Western Palace. On the death of the
Emperor Hsien-feng the two empresses
were appointed co-regents of the empire.
The present Dowager, though second in
position to the Empress of the Eastern
Palace, being of a masterful temperament,
took the lead in all administrative measures,
and gradually gathered the reins of govern-
ment into her own hands. For moie than
forty years she has guided the destinies of
the nation, and though she has been respon-
sible for some mistakes and several crimes,
it cannot be denied that she has ruled the
State with ability, and further has done her
best to repair some of the most conspicuous
blunders into which she has fallen.
She is a clever, astute woman, but, being
very ignorant of the world's history, she
has, on several crucial occasions, allowed
her actions to be directed by ministers who
are as ignorant, though not so crafty, as
herself, and the result — as witness her
support of the Boxer movement — has been
disastrous. But so remarkable is the
glamour which the Chinese are able to throw
over themselves and their institutions that
no sooner did she. recognizing her mistake,
reverse her policy than her evil deeds were
forgotten, and the foreign members of the
Legations, both male and female, sought
audiences with her. and went in crowds to
her garden parties. This revulsion of feeling
was at its full swing when Miss Carl received
through the wife of the American Minister
at Peking, an invitation from the Dowager
Empress to paint her portrait, or rather a
succession of portraits. The invitation was
too tempting to be refused, and Miss Carl,
in August, 1903, took up her abode in the
Summer Palace, where the Dowager was in
residence.
N° 4086, Feb. 17, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
197
Miss Carl entered on her duties with great
expectations, and to the eye of faith these
were not disappointed. Her first sight of
the Dowager filled her with enthusiastic
delight. " It seemed almost impossible for
me to realise," she writes,
"that this kindly-looking lady, so remarkably
young-looking, with so winning a smile, could be
the so-called cruel, implacable tyrant, the redoubt-
able ' old ' Empress Dowager, whose name had
been on the lips of the world since 1900."
A little later, on p. 19, she gives a fuller
description of the lady in question : —
" A perfectly proportioned figure, witli head well
set upon her shoulders, and a fine presence ; really
beautiful hands, daintily small and high-bred in
shape ; a symmetrical, well-formed head with a
good development above the rather large ears ; jet-
black hair, smoothly parted over a fine broad brow ;
delicate well-arched eyebrows ; brilliant, black eyes,
set perfectly straight in the head ; a high nose of
the type the Chinese call 'noble,' broad between
the eyes and on a line with the forehead [whatever
that may mean] ; an upper lip of great firmness ; a
rather large but beautiful mouth with mobile, red
lips, which, when parted over her fine white teeth,
give her smile a rare charm ; a strong chin, but not
of exaggerated firmness, and with no marks of
obstinacy. Had I not known she was nearing her
sixty-ninth year, I should have thought her a well-
preserved woman of forty."
Miss Carl's descriptions of the Dowager
Empress, which credit her with most of the
virtues and graces, are, in fact, somewhat
fulsome. In one passage, however (p. 277),
she throws off her self-imposed part of pro-
fessional eulogist, and gives expression to a
much saner view. " From what I saw of
the Empress Dowager," she writes,
" it seemed to me that she would not brook inter-
ference in the accomplishment of a design she had
set her heart upon — that she would not hesitate
even at crushing an individual who stood in the way
of the realisation of some plan she had fixed upon.
But her judgment was so good "
she hastens to add, that " she did not decide
upon a thing unless she felt it was absolutely
imperative to carry it out."
It is this uncompromising temper which
renders her a danger to the State. At
present things are going smoothly ; but it
is impossible to say that circumstances may
not arise in which she will again resolve to
crush her enemies, whoever they may be.
Meanwhile, Miss Carl has had a most inter-
esting experience ; and if she has been led
away by gratitude and kindly feeling, it is
difficult to find fault with her. And we
may add that the skill and insight needed
for literary portraiture are not often com-
bined with the painter's craft.
It is easy to prove the inconstancy of
democracy if we omit the case, in New
Zealand of " King Dick," and in Mexico of
Porfirio Diaz. It was, till about twenty
years ago, an axiom that the Latin Americans
would never turn to account the marvellous
resources they possess, but would, for all
time, be the prey of military adventure.
Yet the most rapid advance in the world is
now to be found in Argentina and in Mexico.
In the former State the dominant race is
mixed. In Mexico the country has been
ruled, since the death of the Austrian puppet
of the clerical party, first by Juarez, a pure
Indian, and then by Diaz — mainly Indian
by blood, and brought up as an Indian.
Moreover, the unopposed re-election, time
after time, to the autocratic presidency, of
Diaz, a Caesar except in name, has been un-
accompanied by restoration of church lands
or privilege, and the monasteries are empty,
and priests unable to dress as such when
they walk abroad. Messrs. Hurst & Blackett
publish the Porfirio Diaz of Mrs. Tweedie, a
book which begins badly, but becomes most
interesting when we reach the man himself.
The account of the French adventure in
Mexico and of the intervention of the United
States is truthful, and in sharp conflict with
that criticized by us in our review of the
memoirs of Dr. Evans. Mrs. Tweedie, how-
ever, amazes us at the beginning of her chap-
ter on the subject : " The conqueror of the
European continent was at his zenith.
Marengo, Solferino, were victories that
stirred like flame his soaring ambitions ....
Napoleon dreamed of an added empire."
We suppose that Mrs. Tweedie distinguishes
Bonaparte from Louis Napoleon, otherwise
Napoleon III., and that for " Marengo " a
battle of 1859, such as Magenta, should be
substituted ; but it is not usual to apply
the bare name of " Napoleon " to " the man
of Sedan," and was not usual, in Europe,
even in 1863. Moreover, the ruler who was
not able to follow the Austrian army and
to keep his promise to " free " " Italy from
the Alps to the Adriatic " was not " the
conqueror of the European continent."
Mrs. Tweedie makes too much of the
" simple " life of President Diaz. The
railway train built by a grateful senate for
his journeys may not be decorated with
real Fragonards, as was said, but Chapultepec
is hardly " simple." If it is replied that
the castle was that of Montezuma, restored
by a whim of a European empress, we may
add that the President of the French
Republic does not find it necessary to
inhabit Versailles. Neither do the Presidents
of France and of the United States take their
morning ride with a troop of cavalry for
escort. Yet Mexico, thanks to Diaz, is less
dangerous to presidents than Washington or
Paris.
Life of Lieut.-General the Hon. Sir Andrew
Clarke, G.C.M.G. Edited by Col. P. H.
Vetch. With a Preface by Col. Sir G. S.
Clarke. (John Murray.) — Sir Andrew Clarke
was an officer of a type seldom found
outside the Royal Engineers, and not often
in the list of that distinguished corps. After
a civilian career with little field service he
was appointed Inspector-General of Fortifi-
cations, and was at once a pronounced
Radical and an ardent Imperialist. His
training was varied : it began in Tasmania
under Sir William Denison, and was con-
tinued in Victoria as Surveyor-General and
member of the Legislative Council. Here
Clarke met, and formed a very useful friend-
ship with, Childers. Then he was sent to
the Gold Coast, and on his return was ap-
pointed Director of Works at the Admiralty,
Childers being Junior Lord. Clarke's next
post was Governor of the Straits Settlements,
and his administration was successful. In
1875 he was made additional member of
the Viceroy's Council in India, in some
respects a trying appointment ; for he was
placed over officers with local knowledge
which he did not possess, and his aspirations
had to be controlled for various reasons.
He left India in 1880, and next year was
appointed Commandant of the School of
Military Engineering at Chatham. He advo-
cated the Channel tunnel, and was eventually
made Inspector-General of Fortifications.
Sir George Clarke says : —
"The appointment was sharply criticized.
There were actually persons who believed that Sir
Andrew happened to be looking over a hedge
somewhere in Victoria when Mr. Childers either
stole a sheep or committed a murder — the story
varied — and that the Inspeetor-tJcneralship was
the reward of silence. So far may the minds of
estimable people be perverted."
Sir Andrew held the office of Agent-
General for Victoria, became Colonel-Com-
mandant R.E. in January, 1902, and died
on March 29th of that year. The volume
in which this story is told is judiciously
edited, and sufficiently illustrated, the fron-
tispiece being an excellent likeness; while
there is a good index. The book is well
produced.
The Works of Heinrich Heine. — Vol. XII.
Romancero, Book III., and Last Poems.
Translated by Margaret Armour. (Heine-
mann.) — The fourth and final volume of
Heine's poems is hardly as interesting as its
predecessors. The three pieces which make
up the third book of the ' Romancero ' are,
of course, excellent specimens of the poet's
work ; but in the ' Last Poems,' although
we come across such triumphs as ' Bimini '
and the series ' Zum Lazarus,' there is
certainly a good deal that the general reader
will find trivial or obscure. Many of the
poems deal satirically with forgotten lite-
rary or artistic topics, and are now more
or less unintelligible without explanatory
notes, which are not supplied in the present
edition. Some of ^Heine's most audacious
verses are to be found in the collection, and
these are generally either softened down or
omitted in the translation — not always with
happy effect. Thus, for example, a*poem
in the ' Lazarus ' series (No. 32) is rendered
utterly pointless by the omission of the final
stanza, to say nothing of the second stanza
being ludicrously mistranslated ; surely in
such a case it would have been wiser to
omit the piece altogether. We have "noted
a number of passages in which the German
seems to have been misapprehended, and
many others in which it has not been ren-
dered with sufficient fidelity ; but otherwise
the translation is for the most part distinctly
meritorious, for Miss Armour is a skilful and
fluent versifier, and often catches the spirit
of her author very successfully. Some slips
in classical matters ought to have been
avoided : delicta corpus is inexcusable, and
so is " insignia " as a singular noun ; and
it gives one something of a shock to find
the goddess Selene transformed into a
prosaic " Selina," or to read that
The army of mankind will always be
Split in two camps : the Helens and Barbarians.
The Champagne Standard. By Mrs. John
Lane. (John Lane.) — It is a wholesome
experience to see ourselves sometimes as
others see us, and Mrs. John Lane's treat-
ment of our national characteristics and social
idiosyncrasies is of such genial tolerance
that the most thin-skinned can hardly take
offence. She is, moreover, a strictly im-
partial critic, and some of her severest
strictures are passed upon the foibles of
the people of her own country. In the
opening chapter, for instance, that on
' The Champagne Standard ' — there is some
very plain speaking with regard to the need-
less ostentation attending the coming out of
the American debutante. Elsewhere we
learn the usually unsuspected possibility of
living with real comfort and economy in
America; whilst some of the difficulties
encountered in housekeeping by the Ame-
rican woman in this country may be illumi-
nating to the English housewife. The question
of open fireplaces, and consequently airy
rooms, is one upon which the sister
nations cannot be expected to agree, nor is
the British reserve, either of the served or
the serving class, likely ever to find favour
on the other side of the Atlantic. Mrs.
Lane's style is admirably suited to the racy
and ephemeral matter which these papers
contain, and she treats each topic with such
freshness and originality that the book i- as
entertaining as it is suggestive.
The Liberal Magazine for the completed
year of 1905. which comes to us from tho
Liberal Publication Department, is. of
course, too much concerned with party
198
THE ATIIKNMU'M
W86, I'i.m.
17. L906
politioi i" I"- ili«' robjeol oi n view to our
columns. But >' oontaini faott irhiofa
m1 t<> nil iidi i) tend it Iim- an exot llenl
index.
M. I ", \ i ; i ; i - i- nt his best ill I.< \'<>i/if/. &\
■ i,. tin title tinder whiofa be.hu ohoeen
to collecl recent essays from ln^ pen ds-
Bcriptive of Athens, Corinth, and other p
ot the Greek kingdom, but containing also
general ideas on Sellenism. The volume
dedicated, in an overstrained note, to
Madame de Nbailles, the author, as repre-
sentative of Byzantium and the Phanar, in
three pages which will astonish her blood
relations. It we mistake not, the lady is
the niece oi one and granddaughtei of another,
it not of two, distinguished functionaries ol
the Turkish Empire ; and hex genius is not
of the Hellenic type though she has Greek
blood. Being by M. Barres, the volume,
ot' course, contains some of his charac-
teristic phrases and a good deal of his
personal philosophy. We even find in it
words which would have been more appro-
priate to * Les Deraeines,' such, for example,
as thos.- which declare that "man is not
made to dream, but to bite and tear to
pieces."' We are glad, however, that the
broader line which was already noticeable
in a recent volume by the author is domi-
nant in the present book.
The first essay is based on the life of an
eccentric French Hellenist, Louis Menard,
one of whose fancies was for a spelling of
his own, of which specimens are given.
When this friend contributed to the first
organ of the new French Nationalism in
the winter of 1894-5 he insisted that his
work should be given with his own spelling.
After the first " proof," four revises were
necessary in order that his " errors " might
be correctly " maintained " ; and even on
the ultimate publication of the result
Menard wrote. " Us ont encore corrige ines
fautes ! " It is hardly flattering to Menard,
when we take into account the views enter-
tained of the English by M. Barres, to find
M. Barres writing " if translated, he would
have an immense success in Anglo-Saxon
countries." Our author explains that
"high preoocupation with religious sentiment
pleases foreigners Before the war there existed
curiosities of the kind in France. They brought us
some of the meditations of Lamartine, the 'Port-
Royal' of Sainte Beuve, the work of Rcnan, and
the poetry of Leconte de Lisle.''
In spite of such affectations, the interest of
the writings of M. Barres upon Hellenism is
great. He does not seek to conceal the fact
that he was not prepared by sufficient study
or by taste for his travels in the Greek world.
He was drawn to Athens rather by French
literature — by Chateaubriand, for example
— than by true Hellenism, but he is a man
of genius, though wrong-headed, and, once
at Athens, he thought out a good deal for
himself, and constructed a Hellenism of
his own, which is well worthy of contrast
with the work of his predecessors. We hope
that it is possible to look forward to a middle
and later career for M. Barres in which
militant Nationalism will have disappeared
from literature. The present volume is
published by the Librairie Felix Juven.
Ma Vie Militaire, 1800-1810, is a curious
book by a cavalry trumpeter, who only
became a non-commissioned officer on the
first day of the battle of Wagram, while on
the morrow his right arm was shattered by
an Austrian shell and his service ceased.
The preface by M. Henry Houssaye. and
the introduction by the grandson of Trum-
peter Chevillet. give the facts upon which
the genuineness of the book is asserted. It
is, indeed, extraordinary that a wrong-
headed loldier, who stole and gambled and
fought duels throughout his hard campaig
should have been able to write pih
letters oi enormous length from the battle
fields, '.in. tin,. - ..n two niooessive winter
daj s, ami often four times in s week. In. n
dible thOUgh that 1I1HN seem, we lnverlheh ■-,,
are inclined to believe the story. Then
not a Bingle point at which we have been
able to discover anj itrong reason for
picion, other than that we have named ■ and
there are many incidental confirmations "t
the truth of the narrative, which imj n
with the good faith of all concerned. The
trumpeter spoke and wrote German and
Italian, and had a fair literary knowledge
of his own tongue. His Kngli-h, in tip-
only phrase he uses, puzzled us. In the
account of a fight between the author,
then a cavalry soldier, and " a kind of
English sailor " near Flushing, in Janu-
ary, 1804, "yores Frencks dag" is the
phrase put into the mouth of the latter.
After consideration we found the clue. It
is very probable that the astonished Briton,
who had not previously seen one of Napo-
leon's soldiers, exclaimed, " Why, you 're a
French dog ! " The only other allusion to
our country is in the author's expectation,
entertained later in the same year, that '" we
are intended one of these days to cross into
England, where we shall have to carry on a
frightful war." Our trumpeter displays
throughout his letters the emphase of the
times. He writes during his fifth campaign,
in November, 1805, " Cher pere, voici encore
bien des fatigues surmontees pour la gloire
de not re Patrie." His philosophical reflec-
tions are in the same style : " The attraction
of gain animates the soldiei .... His alter-
native is to be miserable — poor or rich."
The habit of plundering the wounded is
frankly confessed, with full detail, through-
out the book ; and the sums of money
amassed and lost again are considerable.
Our trumpeter was specially favoured in
his undisciplined career by his command of
tongues, and as his service was almost
entirely passed in Italy or in Austria, he
was frequently em ployed by officers in service
which gave him exceptional opportunities
of gain. On one of the several occasions
when he rode in among the enemy he used
a German phrase which — whether con-
sciously or unconsciously we know not — he
translates almost in the words of the Puss
in Boots of Perrault. The peasants were
told in old French, " Bonnes gens ! vous
serez tous hachez." Chevillet gives his
words as " Soldats ! vous allez etre tous
baches." The publishers are MM. Hachette
& Cie.
LI.ST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Theology.
Budge (E. A. \\\), The Egyptian Heaven and Hell, 8 rob,,
each (1, net.
Clodd (K.), Animism, 1 net
< tiles ( ii. A.), Religions .>f Ancient China, l ' net.
Harrison (.lane). Religion of Ancient Greece, l net.
Instruction of Ptah-Hotep and the Instruction of Ke'gemni,
translated by H. G. Qunn, l net.
Legg(J. W.), Ecclesiological Essays, 7/8 net,
Naish (E. MA Browning and Dogma, 4/6 net.
Picton(J. A), Pantheism, 1/net
Pierson (A. 'I'.), The Bible and Spiritual Criticism, :i G net.
Plain Sermons for the Christian Year, Vol. Ill . i
Prayer-Book Commentary for Teachers and Students,
revised by Rev, F. K. Warren, 2/
Hhettle (Rev. G. T.). A Handbook for After-Meetings, t 8
Stubbs(C. VV.), The Christ of English Poetry, 6 net
Word for the Daj (The), compiled bj A. EL, 1/8 net
Fine Art aiui Archaeology.
Art, Nrw Series, VoL I. No. L, 8/
Bland (R. .V), Historical Tombstones of Malacca, 10/B
Bryant (F. K). On the Limits of Descriptive Writing
apropos of Lessing's Laocoon,
(ust (K. II. II.), Giovanni Antonio Band, -it net.
Essex Archaeological Society, Transactions, Vol. IX.
Pari vi., i;
Fisher (A.), The Art of Enamelling npon Metal. 2/6 net
Glasgow Archaeological Society, Report for Session L904-&
l.). H i ii i
i.
i. i • ■ ■ ■ i
I
Ruskin i I i
/''*t,>, and '/<*■ hrnwa.
i Introduction I.. \
< "liii-f Alueri. ..I. I I .. l !
Pyfe(F I D
Hard i iii. 1 1 : ..
i 1 1
Irving (sit II. -in> i. Tributes to tin- Meanory of, edit«-d by
< I I ■ than , '■ in -t.
i- fund, an. I oil.. I
Koopman ill I. it tl ' • ■ I • ■ • ■ • urv,
l. All mi, Lyrical Poeuut, Introduction nj A. -711111—1
Hi. e (< 1 Plays and !.> ri. -. 7 6 net,
Virgil, l.iniil, with I r.ni-l.ilioii b\ C. J. Bilbw.n, 2
net.
V
Hull.. ii (A.i. Hi lot Leachetizky, 2/6 net,
Philotojthy.
Ladd(G. T.), The Phil pbj of Religion, \ 1 1 IL,
- net
Berard <M. \.>. British Imperialism and ('..inn.
Supremacy, translated 1>\ II. VV. Foakt
Kirkbrlde (F. B.) and Sterrett (J. K 1. The Modern Tru»t
Company, it-- Functions and Organization, L0/6net
Spelling (T. v.), Bowiiiun and Monopoly, 7 ij act,
//■ • . "i,,i WeyrsH
Armistead (•!. J.), Piloted, being Experiences from the
Author's Life, 1 net
Collin> (T.,>, School and Sport, Recollection*
ii iit-t.
Copinger(W. A.), The Manors of Suffolk, 21 net.
Hardy (E. i>. >. Studies in Roman Uistoi
Hudson (Rev. W.) and Tingey (J. ('.), The Records of the-
C'it \ of Norwich, VoL L, ■!:> not
Jeves (S. II.), The Earl of Rosebery, J 6 net.
Johnston (A.), American Political History, l< rtll,
0 net
Jourdain (John), The Journal of, 1G0&-17, edited b] W,
Foster.
Lloyd (J.i. The Great Forest of Brecknock.
Oman (<'.), Inaugural Lecture on the Study of History,
1 net.
.Scots Peerage, VoL III., edited by sir J. Balfour Paul,
net.
Temple (Frederick), Archbishop of Canterbury, edited by
K. (.. Sandford, 2 vols., 38 net.
Tweedie (A.), Pornrio Diaz, Seven Time- President of
Mexico, ->\ net.
Geography and Travel.
Ball (E. K.). Rome, 2/8
Cunningham (J.), Pilgrims in Palestine, 2 net.
Fountain (P.), The Eleven Eaglets of the Went, 10 6 net
Hall (H. F.), A People at School, M net.
Sports and fVtatMMML
Miyake (T.) and Tani (Y.), The Game of Ju-Jit-u. a net.
Education.
McMurrv (C. A.), Course of study in the Eight Grade*/-
Vol.-'. I. and U.,6/6 net.
Ph i7<. hnjii.
Adams (W. A.), Japanese Conversation in six Month-, 4'
Lawa'ih, a Treatise on Sufism, by Nur-ud-Pin Abd-ur-
RaAman Janti, Translation by K. H. whintield and
M. M. A'azvini.
Lvotf (M.). The Engineer's Pocket Dictionary: French-
English, 1 6 net
School- Book*.
Baker (W. M.) and Bourne (A. A.\ Elementary Geometry
Hooks VI. and ML. 1 6
Britain's Sea Story, edited by E E Speight and R. >L
Nance, i (> net.
Euripides, Medea and Hippohlus, Notes by s. Waterlow,
•1 0 net.
Gennevraye (A.), Marchand d'AllumeUes, e^lite^l I
Brereton, 1 ; Key, 2 6 net.
Loney(a L.)and Grenvule «L. w.). A shillin- Arithmetic,
with Answers.
Miles (K.). Essays in the Making.
Morris (I. id. Longmans' Complete Drawing Comsat
Part I. Infant- and Junior, 5/
Science Physics 1'apeis. 2 6
Science.
Adams (W. p.), Motor-Car Mechanism and Management!
Part l. The Petrol Car, :» net . ,
Allium (T. c.i On Professional Education, with s.
Reference bo Medicine, -j net
Annals of Mathematics, second Series, VoL VII. No. _. U
Bureau of American Ethnology, LSOl-2, Twenty • lhinl
Annual Report
Bosch (F. ('.), Laboraton Manual of Physiology, 6 net
c.mtlie i.i. i. Physical Efficiency, S/5
Deerr (N. i. Sugar and the Sugar Cane, 7 8 net.
Hard] fG. Il.i, The Integration of Functions of a single
Variable, 2 6 net
Harting (J. K. i. Recreations of a Naturalist, U net.
Heath (T. EX Our Stellar Universe, 10 net.
Reightley (A.), The Recover) of Health, Tliird Edition,
1 net.
Kinzbrunner (C). Alternating - Current Windings, their
Theory and Construction; Continuous - Current,
Armatures, their Windhigand Construction, each
Mann (GA Chemistry of the Proteids, 16 net
MoUer t Mr. II.) and Dollar (J. A. \VA The Practice of
Veterinary Surger) : Vol. 111. Regional surgery,
•:\ net
Psychical Research, Proceedings of the society, Part LL,
G net
Snleeb} (C w.i. Evolution, the Master-Key, 7 0
Solomon (,H- C.l, Electricity Meter-, n;, net.
N° 4086, Feb. 17, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
199
General Literature.
SfflSKJi!^ a Hurry, ana other
Civif Me6Year-Book and Official ™»ftti»£ jj
Eastern (H. T.), The Work of a Bank, Ihnd Edition, q lieu
Edgeworth (M.), Castle Eackrent, 1/0 net.
Eesar(A.)The Hatiinee, 0/
Effis(Mri H.), My Cornish Neighbours 8/6
Fairer (R. J.), The House of Shadows, 6/
Fletcher f.T S ), The Threshing-Moor, 0/
FmnkHn (Beniainin), Selections from his Writings, edited
by U. w". Cutler, 1/6 net.
•Gerard (M.), The Bed Seal, 0/
■OmviM) The Great Refusal, 6/
Green (E. Everett), Lady Elizabeth and the Juggernaut, 0/
Harraden (B.), The Scholar's Daughter, 6/
London (J.), Tales of the Fish PatroL 0/
Maartens (Maarten), The Healers, 6/
Marriott (C), The Lapse of \ lyien Eady, 6/
Maugham (W. S.), The Bishops Apron 6/
Meyer- Foerster(W.), Karl Heinrich, 3/0 net.
Municipal Year-Book of the United Kingdom, 1900, edited
by R. Donald, 3/0 net.
Practical Programme for Working Men, 2/6
Reynolds (Mrs. F.), In Silence, 0/
Smith (R. Mudie), Thoughts for the Day, 3/6 net.
Stacpoole (H. de Vere), Fanny Lambert, 0/
Summer Nosegay (A), by a North-Country Rambler, 3,6
Thurston (K. C), The G ambler 0/ .
Unanswered Question (An), and other Stones, b> Alien, 0/
University of Liverpool Calendar, 1900.
Ventors (D.), Sweet Mistress Anne, 0/
Wliitehouse (F. C), Mark Maturin, Parson 6/
"Wyllarde (D.), The Pathway of the Pioneer (nous Auties), 6/
FOREIGN.
Theology.
Erbt(W.), Die Hebriier, r>m. . .
Marti (K.), Die Religion des Alten Testaments unter den
Religionen des vorderen Orients, 2m.
Fine Art and Archaeology.
Bastide (J. F), La Petite Maison : Aquarelles par A.
Lalau/.e, 250fr. . .„•_-.
•Guimet (E.), Conferences faites au Musee Guiniet, 3ft. 50.
Mayr(A.), Aus den phonikischen Nekropolen von Malta.
Thoinan (K.). Les Relieurs Francais, 1500-1800, 40fr.
Veverl(H.), La Bijouterie Francaise au XIX Siecle, \ ol. I.,
40fr.
Poetry and the Drama.
■Shakespeare, Romeo e Giulietta, translated by Cino
Chiarini, 1L 50.
Zocco (I.), Petrarchismo e Petrarchisti in Inghilterra, 21.
Music.
Laurencie (L. de la), L'Academie de Musique et le Concert
de Nantes a l'Hotel de la Bourse, 1727-67, 5fr.
History and Biography.
Archivio Muratoriano, No. 3, 31.
Kic (F), Vieille Allemagne, 3fr. 50.
Bourdeau (J.). Poetes et Humoristes de rAllemagne, 3fr. 50.
Glachant (¥.), Benjamin Constant sous l'cKil du diet,
7fr 50.
Hamet (I.), Les Musulmans Francais du Nord de l'Afrique,
Sfr. 50.
Kaplan (Dr.), A bord de la Catarina : Memoires, 3fr. 50.
ine-Pol, De Robespierre a Fouche : Notes de Police,
3fr. 50.
Philology.
H irtman(J. J.), Analecta Tacitea, 7m.
Ibn S;ia<l : Biographien Muhammeds, seiner Gefahrten u.
der gpateren Trager des Islams: Vol. I. Part 1. Bio-
graphie Muhemmeds bis x.ur Flucht, 7m.; Vol. V. Bio-
graphiender Nachfolger in Medina, 15m.
Science,
FoOZ (G. de), Le Tunnel et le Chemin de Fer Electrique de
la Jungfrau, 3fr. 50.
•Guillet (L.), Etude Industrielle des Alliages Metalliques,
40fr.
Plato, Minon. oversat af G. Ringel-Nielsen, udgivet af H.
Beder, lkr. 16.
General Literature.
Aveze (A.), I/Amour a I'envers, Sfr. 50.
)'.- 1. 1 nl (V.), L' Affaire Marscaine, 4fr.
Brnlat (PA Rina, 3fr. 50.
Daude) (V..). La Terreur Blanche, Deuxieme Edition, Sfr. 50.
! (E.), L'Anticlericalisme, 3fr. 50.
pii (i.i. L'Ecoliere, 3fr. 50.
Keeeler (General), La Patrie Menacee, Sfr. 50.
Levallou (K.), Les [dees dun Maire de Paris, 3fr. 50.
Mary (J.), Les Vaincua de la Vie: Le His dun Voleur,
Sfr
willy, One Plage d' Amour, 3fr. 50.
*#* All Book* received at the Office up to Wednesday
Morning u/BX be included in this Lilt unless previously
I ' Publishers art requested to state prices when
Books.
THE LATE T. H. GROSE.
The Rev. Thomas Hodge Grose, Fellow
of Queen's College, Oxford, and Registrar
of the University, who died on Sunday last,
after a somewhat protracted illness, in his
bieth year, was before all else a college
tutor ; the business into which he put the
\ t of himself was the making, not of hooks,
but of men. To the outsider — the man
■who, knowing nothing of the life of a resi-
dential university, is forced to apply ex-
trinsic canons of criticism— it might not
seem that the training and befriending ol
undergraduates was a sufficient end whereto
to devote a Balliol scholarship and tour
First Classes. But at least his own uni-
versity will have no doubts on the subject.
If in the course of the last half-century an
immense change for the better has occurred
in the mutual relations of " dons " and
" men," it is due to Grose, perhaps, as much
as any one man except Jowett. He was
ready to share, not merely his time and his
interests, but even his very rooms, with
his juniors. Since the somewhat legendary
days when Fellows and Scholars lived to-
o-ether in pairs, there has been nothing quite
Tike it. And, when vacation was come,
Grose might be seen at the station, starting
off to some chosen retreat with a merry
party of pupils, himself as merry as the
youngest. No wonder that in Queen she
was worshipped. Meanwhile, the under-
graduate world at large loved him hardly
less. The Union is the very heart and soul
of that world, and without its Senior Trea-
surer and erstwhile President the Society
might have strayed far from the ways of
sound finance, and become a thing of naught.
Besides, the long line of officers of the
Society— many of them by this time men
of mark— will be able to testify that the
help and encouragement they received during
the tenure of their decidedly responsible
office were due in largest measure to the
sheer kindliness and geniality of the man— a
greybeard with a boy's heart. May there
be many to follow in his footsteps, as there
will assuredly be many to mourn his all-too-
early death ! ^__________
NOTARIES PUBLIC.
Guildhall, EC, February 7th, 1906,
With reference to the recent application
made to the Upper House of Convocation
by the Provincial Society of Notaries Public
for the removal of a certain notary public
from the rolls, when the jurisdiction of the
court was called in question, the following
remarks by so eminent an authority as the
late Bishop Stubbs are of exceptional
interest : —
"The curious anomaly of the notarial com-
mission has existed down to our own days. The
power of making notaries was one of the faculties
reserved to the Archbishop of Canterbury by the
operation of the Abrogation Act of 25 Henry VIII.
c. 21, and is still executed by the master of the
faculties : a curious relic, like 'the Lambeth degrees
which still issue from the same office, of the ancient
jurisdiction claimed for the Papacy, before the
Reformation, and at the Reformation lodged >n the
hands of the Primate alone. The Archbishop ot
York does not grant degrees or make notaries. —
'Chron. Edw. I. and II.,' vol. i., Introd., p. lxxx.
Reginald R. Sharpe.
I knew him personally forty-six years ago.
He was nicknamed Poet Laureate of the Bar
Mess, Home Circuit," The thanks of every
Tennysonian are due to Col. Prideaux, who
so ungrudginglv places the wealth of his
literary knowledge at the free service of his
fellow literary workmen.
J. C. Thomson.
A LAMB REFERENCE EXPLAINED.
Fiveways, Bnrnham, Bucks.
In a letter to Bernard Barton, dated from
Enfield, in March, 1829, Lamb describes
how he had recently brought home from
the bookstalls in Barbican "the whole
theological works" of Thomas Aquinas.
" My arms aked," he says,
"with lugging it a mile to the stage, hut the
burden was a pleasure, such as old Anehises was to
the shoulders of .Eneas— or the Lady to the Lover
in old romance, who having to carry her to the top
of a high mountain— the price of obtaining her—
clamber'd with her to the top, and fell dead with
fatigue.'-
Mr. Lucas, who is not often at fault in
running down Lamb's allusions, cannot
identify the " old romance " in question.
The story, which is of Breton origin, forms
the subject of one of the ' Lais ' of Marie de
France, who gave it the name of ' Les Dous
Amanz' ('The Two Lovers'). I printed
Marie's poem fourteen years ago in my
'Specimens of Old French' (Spec. xxxv.).
Lamb, no doubt, read the tale m a modern-
ized version— perhaps in Miss Bet ham s
'Lay of Marie' (published in 1816), which
he saw in MS. (see his letter to Southey of
May 6th, 1815)— as the original is in the
Norman dialect of the twelfth or thirteenth
century. Paget Toynbee.
THE 'ADDRESS TO LORD DENMAN '
TSEUDO-TENNYSONIAN.
In the latest — and last — issue of my
" Avon Booklets," among other apocryphal
poems of Tennyson, is the ' Address to Lord
Denman. recited by the Poet Laureate at a
Meeting of the Home Circuit Mess, held at
Kingston on 2 April. 1850.' This rhymed
Address, of some 80 lines, has long been an
annoying puzzle to bibliographers, and for
some' six months 1 have in vain sought a
solution. However, Col. Prideaux has no.v
solved the mystery by informing me that
" the author was Mr. Joseph Arnouhl, after-
wards Sir Joseph Arnould. Chief Justice of
Bombay. He had won the Newdigate at
Oxford^ and had a pretty taste for poetry.
THE SPRING PUBLISHING SEASON.
MESSRS. T. & T. CLARK
have in the press The Knowledge of God, 2 vols.,
and The Eve for Spiritual Things, and other Ser-
mons, by Prof. H. M. Gwatkin,— The Authority
of Christ, by the Rev. D. W. Forrest,— Primitive
Christian Education, by Gerakhne Hodgson.—
History of the Reformation, 2 vols., by Principal
T M Lindsay,— The New Reformation, by the
Rev John A. Bain,— Sermons in Accents : Studies
in the Hebrew Text, by the Rev. John Adams,-
James the Lord's Brother, by Principal A\ ilham
Patrick,— and The Gift of Tongues, and other
Essays, by Dr. Dawson Walker.
MESSRS. HODDER & STOUG1ITON
announce in Theology and Religion: Expositions
of Holv Scripture, bv the Rev. Alex. Maclaren :
Second' Scries, The Gospel of Mark, 2 vols. ;
Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy,
1 vol ; Joshua, Judges, Ruth, Samuel, and Kings,
2 vols. ; and Acts of the Apostles, \ ol. I.,— Pests
by the River, bv the Rev. G. Matheson,— The
Gospel of Life, by Charles Wagner,— Manhood,
Faith, and Courage, by Dr. H. Van Dyke.- 1 lie
Book of Memory, by K. Tynan Hinkson,— Kutn,
by the Rev. Armstrong Black,— Literary llhist ra-
tions of the Bible, by the Rev. .lames Mol.aU :
Book of Judges and Ruth; St. Matttaw.-The
Scientific Creed of a Theologian, by Dr. Rudolf
Sohmid,— The Christian Faith, by <>. A. Curtis,—
Bible Side-Lights from the Mount of Gezer, by
R \ S. Macalister, The Development oi Pales-
tine Exploration, by Dr. F J. Bliss. -and The
Apostolic Age in the Light of Modern Criticism,
I iv J. II . Ropes.
' Belles Let tics. Biography, Education, so. : i ne
Balfourian Parliament, by H. W. Luoy, Sir
Walter Scott, by Andrew Lang. ■- History Oi
Comparative Literature, by Frederic Lolbe. -
Under the English Crown, translated by Firman
Bo/. Every Man's Book of Garden Flowers, by
.1 Halsham,- The Enemy at Trafalgar, by Edward
Fraser The Political Life of Joseph Chamberlain,
by Alex. Mackintosh. The Battle of the Sea OJ
200
Til E A Til KN/Kl'M
N 1086. Feb. 17, 1906
.1 i| in. bj ( i|,l Kl.ul... Life ami S|h.i! OH tin-
l'.f i!i. Kfope (new wlitiuu), l»3 II. A. Vaohell,
Among !'ii in li Imiis,Ii\ ('li. nli-- Uihaon, studio in
Arini u in Trade U liam, edited bj Ptoi J M.
HiII.uhIi i . The Poetrj of Life, 1>\ i man,
'■ l . I • Prof. .1. II. Breasted,
I ndon it ■ mi tin top oj ■ 'Boa, bj A. St. John
Adoook, Britain's Sea Story, The Nature Reader,
niid [mperial Reader, all edited bj K. K. Speight,
Tin II. mil Camera, Companion, and Guide, and
ral other booklets on photography, edited by
the Rey. I'. C. Lambert, Even fclan'a Book of
i den Difficulties, bj W. V. Rowlea, The
Modern Home, edited by W. Shaw Sparrow, —
niid Horn to Study Piotnree, bj C. II. Caffin.
Fiotion : My Sword for Lafayette, bj Mas
Pemberton, Giant Ciroumatanoe, byjohn Oxen-
ham, Sea Spray, by !•'. T. Bullen, — The Mystery
of the Motor-Car, by W. Le Queux, Karl Grier,
by \a'\u- Traoy, All for the Love of a Lady, by
Elinor M. Lane, Dearlove, by Franoes Campbell,
— Fisherman's Luck. l>\ IL Tan Dyke, Blazed
Trail Stories bj 8. E. White,— Lady Elizabeth
and the Juggernaut, l>v E. Everett-Green,- The
i of the Golden Fleece, bj David LyaU,— Little
Stories of Manicd Life, by Mary S. Cutting,— Out
..i Gloucester, l>y J. B. Connolly, — A Mask of
Gold, by Annie S. Swan. — Old Lim Juoklin, by
Opie Read,— Rebeooa Mary, by A. H. Donnell, —
The Lady of the Decoration, — In Cupid's Chains,
Nance, The Outcast of the Family, A Coronet of
Shame, Her Heart's Desire, and .lust a Girl, by
(hallos (Jar vice, — and several shilling and sixpenny
editions of popular hooks and novels.
The series of papers which have been
appearing in The Cornhill Magazine under
the title ' From a College Window ' will
be published as a book, with some addi-
tional chapters, after Easter. The author
is Mr. A. C. Benson, and the book will be
published by Messrs. Smith, Elder <fe Co.
The same writer's ' Life of Walter
Pater,' in the new series of t; English Men
of Letters," may be expected in the course
of two or three weeks.
Sir Auckland Colvin has just com-
pleted a new book on England in Egypt,
which will be issued almost immediately.
As a former Comptroller-General of Egypt
and "Financial Adviser " to the Khedive,
he has had peculiar opportunities of in-
sight and study.
M. Paul Sabatier's book on the separa-
tion of Church and State has been trans-
lated by Mr. Robert Dell, and will be
published before long by Mr. Unwin
under the title of ' Disestablishment in
France.' M. Sabatier is writing a special
preface for the English edition, and Mr.
Dell is contributing an introduction. The
volume will also contain the full text (in
French and English) of the Separation
Law, with explanatory notes. There will
be portraits of M. Sabatier and the Abbe
Loisy.
A book on ' Primitive Athens as de-
scribed by Thucydides ' will very shortly
be published by the Cambridge University
Press. The author, Miss Jane E. Harrison,
has endeavoured to set forth a new view
as to the character and limits of the ancient
city, her conclusions being founded largely
upon the recent excavations of the German
Archaeological Institute. Numerous plans
and drawings will be included in support
of her case.
M i l: M M Mill \N & CO. hope to
publish about Castor a new edition <»f
Evelyn's. ' Diary ' in three volumes. The
form will be that of the ' Diary and Letti
oi Madame D'Arblay, recently issued by
tin- same firm. The text, tin- spelling of
which has been modernized, will follow
I v and Foreter J hut many minor
rectifications have been made and some
unsuspected errors collected. The hook
will contain the notes of the earlier edit i
carefully revised ; and additional notes
by Mr. Austin Dobson, who has been
engaged on editing it for some months
past. As in the case of the D'Arhlay
diary, the new edition will be illustrated
by portraits, views, maps, and facsimiles.
Messrs. Sherratt & Hughes will issue
immediately, for the Central Chancery of
the Orders of Knighthood, Lord Cham-
berlain's Office, St. James's Palace, an
important work in two volumes entitled
1 The Knights of England,' containing a
complete record, from the earliest time to
1904, of the knights of all the orders of
chivalry of England, Scotland, and Ire-
land, and of all knights bachelors. A
trustworthy and authentic register of
English knighthood has long been needed,
but hitherto it has been unobtainable, for
the simple reason that the scholar has
been jealously denied access to the official
documents which constitute the ultimate
sources of information. Under the patron-
age of the Chancery above mentioned all
these restrictions have been removed, and
Dr. W. A. Shaw has been granted access
to all such sources for his book. The
portion relating to Ireland has been
executed by Mr. G. D. Burtchaell, of the
Office of Arms, Dublin Castle, who has
also used official sources.
' Wenhaston and Bulcamp, Suffolk,'
is the title of a work by the Rev. J. B.
Clare, to be published shortly. It will
contain a list of vicars of the parish from
1217, and of churchwardens from 1547 ;
and will describe the recently discovered
Wenhaston Doom,' and give an account
of some of the old wills and lawsuits
of the locality. A glossary of old words
still in use will also be included. Mr.
Elliot Stock is the publisher.
Mr. Herbert Paul writes : —
" In your review of my ' Life of Froude '
you say : ' It is noteworthy that of " Oceana "
and the books on the West Indies Mr. Paul
says nothing. Perhaps he thought that
nothing was to be said.' Your inferences
and opinions are no business of mine. But
as you have here made, of course uninten-
tionally, a direct misstatement of fact, I
ask your leave to contradict it in the placo
where it appeared."
Our sincere apologies are due to Mr. Paul
for this error.
Mrs. Percy Dearmer, in her new novel
' Brownjohn's,' which will be published by
Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co. on the 26th of
this month, relates what happened when
two ladies conspired to shake off care by
sending, one her two charming but irre-
sponsible stepdaughters (who had been
brought up on a " system " by their
father, an invererate faddist), the other,
not If- troublesome small hoy-, to
etato in the OOUntry at a villa-' i
office Brownjohn's. A oomedy of
bewildering complication, in which not a
feu tragic emotions are infc 'he
result .
BlB PbAHCU BuKHAWD, who retired
from the editorship <<f Punch this week,
has fully earned his leisure We hope,
however, to have many more books, sod
perhaps plays, from bis active and witty
pen. He i- mo eeded by his assistant
editor. Mr. Owen Seaman, whose verse
chaffs, commends, and punishes with
equal grace.
Thk name of one of the translators of
'A Pietist of the Napoleonic Wars*
reviewed by us on February 3rd, should
have been Miss Hoper, instead of " Mr.
Hooper."
1 Birds of Great Britain ' is the title
of a work by Mr. Charles Stonham, which
E. Grant Richards has in preparation,
and the publication of which — in twenty
parts — will begin immediately. There
will be at least three hundred full-page
illustrations, all reproduced in most ela-
borate style, for there will be a separate
presentation, wherever necessary, of the
hen bird, nestlings, and any particular
parts of plumage, such as the outspread
wing or tail, which the ordinary drawing
does not show. The letterpress will in-
clude the derivation of the scientific and
English names, the French and German
names, and a general description of the
habits of the bird, its food, nest, eggs,
and plumage.
The death is announced from Dayton,
Ohio, of Mr. Paul Laurence Dunbar, who
was born on June 27th, 1S72. Mr. Dunbar,
generally knowm as " the Xegro Poet,'T
worked on newspapers, and gave public
readings of his own poems. He was a
prolific writer, and, beginning with ' Oak
and Ivy Poems ' (1893), published ' Lvrics
of Lowly Life ' (1896), of the ' Hearthside '
(1899), * and of ' Love and Laughter '
(1903), besides several other volumes of
verse, and two novels in 1901 — ' The Sport
of the Gods ' and ' The Fanatics.'
At the usual monthly meeting of the
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, held
in Edinburgh on Monday, an interesting
note was read by the secretary, Mr.
W. K. Dickson, on a copy of the First
Folio Shakspeare in the library of the
Society. The book, which is not noticed
in Mr. Sidney Lee's ' Census,' came into
the Society's possession in 1784. It is
the only copy in Edinburgh, and one of
three copies existing in Scotland. It is
in <jood preservation, as First Folios go,
though unfortunately four leaves are
wanting and the margins have suffered
in the binding. On the other hand, there
has been no insertion of facsimile pages
and no attempt at restoration in the text.
Tc7nple Bar for March will contain a
paper on the life and character of Ranke,
by his son, General Friduhelm von Ranke,
with special reference to his visit to Eng-
land. Mr. Clarence Rook vindicates ' Ame-
rican Manners ' ; and " Thormanby," in
N° 4086, Feb. 17, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
201
• The Laureate of the Beefsteaks,' gives
the history of the once famous club, and
some specimens of Morris's verses. Mr.
Walter Frith writes on ' The Priest of
Horus,' and Miss Marjorie L. C. Pickthall
on the many-handed Japanese goddess
Kwannon.
Macmillan's Magazine for March con-
tains an article on ' Stevenson at Fon-
tainebleau,' by Mr. Robert Douglas. ' My
District,' by A. F. C, and ' Back to the
Land,' by Mr. K. D. Cotes ; both record
personal experiences. In ' Where the
Flamingo Feeds ' Mr. C. L. Leipoldt
writes of the salt-pans district in the
west of Cape Colony. Another article
on South Africa is that by Mr. Stanley
Hyatt on ' The Black Peril.' Mr. George
Dewar has a paper on ' Old Norfolk
Inns.'
The Star will celebrate the opening of
the new Parliament and the victory of the
Radical party by issuing a "Jubilation
Number " on Monday next. Among the
contributors will be Mr. Bernard Shaw,
Mr. Frederick Greenwood, Sir Francis
Burnand, Caran d'Ache, Mr. David
Christie Murray, Mr. James Douglas, Mr.
Spencer Leigh Hughes, Mr. Arthur More-
land, and Mr. William Hartley.
A fund for a Lecturer in Celtic Language
and Literature for five years, at a salary
of 200£. a year, has been provided for
Glasgow University.
In Chambers's Journal for March a
Tasmanian gives his experiences of the
failure of ' English Pubhc-School Educa-
tion ' as a training for colonial life. The
Rev. E. J. Hardy in ' Chinese Cities '
deals mainly with Peking, and shows its
insanitary condition. Mr. E. J. Prior in
' Relics of the Inquisition ' describes some
curious leather figures used by the In-
quisition at Lisbon, now housed in a
strong room at Kennington.
We regret to notice the death of Mr.
James Annand, who was recently elected
M.P. for East Aberdeenshire, a district
where he was born in 1843. Mr. Annand
had a long connexion with journalism,
beginning with his editorship of The
Buchan Observer, which he took over
in succession to Sir Hugh Gilzean Reid.
Much of his work was done in Newcastle,
as a leader-writer to The Chronicle,
and editor of TJie Newcastle Leader.
Latterly his health did not permit of his
engaging in the regular work of journalism,
but he remained an active politician and
a frequent writer.
A wide circle of book-collectors and
booksellers will learn with regret of the
almost sudden death, on Tuesday morning
last, of Mr. John Galwey, in his fifty-fourth
year Mr. Galwey was born in 'Dublin,
and when quite a youth went to Paris,
n here he found employment with a
bookseller, and acquired a remarkable
knowledge of French literature and biblio-
graphy. On returning to England he was
employed at Messrs. Dulau & Co.'s. He
1 lien spent some years with Messrs.
Palmer & Howes, of Manchester, and
afterwards with Messrs. Henry Sotheran
& Co. In March, 1890, he started in I
business on his own account at 17,
Garrick Street, Covent Garden, and for a
time did well ; but the business was given
up in March, 1897, and Mr. Galwey entered
the employment of Messrs. Sotheby, Wil-
kinson & Hodge as a book-cataloguer. He
was a widely read man, and possessed not
only an excellent knowledge of French,
but also a working acquaintance with
several other languages.
f. Mr. Franklin Thomasson has con-
sented to preside at the Seventy-Ninth
Festival of the Printers' Pension, Alms-
house, and Orphan Asylum Corporation,
to be held at the Hotel Cecil on May 29th.
Dumfries celebrated on Saturday last
the six-hundredth anniversary of the
seizure of its old Royal Castle by Robert
Bruce. A memorial stone was laid on
the site of the Castle, and stirring addresses
were delivered by Sir George Douglas and
others. It is expected that further Bruce
celebrations will follow in historic places.
A bronze medal and diploma have been
awarded to Ludwig Rosenthal's Anti-
quariat, the booksellers of 16, Hildegarde-
strasse, Munich, for their exhibit at the
Liege International Exhibition, 1905. The
objects shown consisted chiefly of books
and maps illustrating the history of
Belgium, and especially of Liege, since
early times. The exceptionally wide range
of Herr Rosenthal's collections of books is
well known to experts.
Recent Parliamentary Papers of some
interest to our readers are the Report of
H.M.'s Commissioners for the Interna-
tional Exhibition at St. Louis, 1904
(2s. 2d.) ; and the Numerical List and
Index to the Sessional Printed Papers for
1904(15. lid.).
SCIENCE
LA FIN DE LA MATlERE.
L'une des decouvertes les plus etonnantes
que les physiciens aient annoncees dans ces
dernieres annees, c'est que la matiere
n'existe pas. Hatons-nous de dire que
cette decouverte n'est pas encore definitive.
L'attribut essentiel de la matiere, c'est sa
masse, son inertie. La masse est ce qui
partout et toujours demeure constant, ce
qui subsiste quand une transformation
chimique a alter6 toutes les qualites sensibles
de la matiere et semble en avoir fait un
autre corps. Si done on venait a demontrer
que la masse, l'inertie de la matiere ne lui
appartiennent pas en realite, que c'est un
luxe d'emprunt dont elle se pare, quo cette
masse, la constante par excellence, est elle-
meme susceptible d'alteration, on pourrait
bien dire que la matiere n'existe pas. Or
c'est la precisement ce qu'on annonce.
Les vitesses que nous avions pu observer
jusqu'ici etaient bien faibles, puisque les corps
celestes, qui laissent bien loinderriere eux tous
nos automobiles, font a peine du 60 ou du
100 " kilometres "ate seconde ; la lumiere, il
est vrai, va 3,000 fois plus vite, mais ce n'est
pas une matiere qui so deplace, c'est une
perturbation qui chemine a travers une
substance rclativement immobile comme une
vague a la surfaco do l'ocean. Toutes les
observations faites avee ces faibles/vitesses
montraient la constanco de la masse, et
personne ne s'etait demande s'il en serait
encore de raeme avec des vitesses plus
grandes.
Ce sont les infiniment petits qui ont battu
le record de Mercure, la planete la plu3
rapide ; je veux parler des corpuscules
dont les mouvements produisent les rayons
cathodiques et les rayons de radium. On
sait que ces radiations sont dues a un
veritable bombardement moleculaire. Les
projectiles lances dans ce bombardement sont
charges d'electricit6 negative, et on peut
s'en assurer en recueillant cette electricite
dans un cylindre de Faraday. A cause de
leur charge ils sont devies tant par un champ
magnetique que par un champ electrique, et
la comparaison de ces deviations peut nous
faire connaitre leur vitesse et le rapport do
leur charge a leur masse.
Or ces mesures nous ont revele d'une part
que leur vitesse est enorme, qu'elle est le
dixieme ou le tiers de celle de la lumiere,
mille fois celle des planetes, et d' autre part
que leur charge est tres considerable par
rapport a leur masse. Chaque corpuscule
en mouvement represente done un courant
electrique notable. Mais nous savons que
les courants electriques presentent une sorte
d'inertie speciale appelee self-induction. Un
courant une fois etabli tend a se maintenir,
et c'est pour cela que quand on veut rompre
un courant, en coupant le conducteur qu'il
traverse, on voit jaillir une etincelle au point
de rupture. Ainsi le courant tend a con-
server son intensit6 de meme qu'un corps en
mouvement tend a conserver sa vitesse.
Done notre corpuscule cathodique resistera
aux causes qui pourraient alterer sa vitesse
pour deux raisons : par son inertie pro-
prement dite d'abord, et ensuite par son
self-induction, parce que toute alteration de
la vitesse serait en meme temps une altera-
tion du courant correspondant. Le corpus-
cule— V electron, comme on dit — aura done
deux inerties : l'inertie mecanique, et
l'inertie electromagnetique.
MM. Abraham et Kaufmann, l'un calcu-
lateur, l'autre experimentateur, ont uni
leurs efforts pour determiner la part de
l'une et de l'autre. Ils ont ete pour cela
obliges d'admettre une hypothese ; ils ont
pense que tous les electrons negatifs sont
identiques, qu'ils portent la meme charge,
essentiellement constantes, que les dissem-
blances que Ton constate entre eux pro-
viennent uniquement des vitesses differentes
dont ils sont animes. Quand la vitesse
varie, la masse r^elle, la masse mecanique,
demeure constante, c'est pour ainsi dire sa
definition meme ; mais l'inertie electro-
magnetique, qui contribue a former la
masse apparente, croit avec la vitesse
suivant une certaine loi. II doit done y
avoir une relation entre la vitesse et le
rapport de la masse a la charge, quantity
que Ton peut calculer, nous l'avons dit, en
observant les deviations des rayons sous
Taction d'un aimant ou d'un champ elec-
trique ; et l'etude de cette relation permet
de determiner la part des deux inerties. Le
resultat est tout a fait surprenant : la masse
reelle est nulle. II est vrai qu'il faut ad-
mettre Thypothose faito au debut, mais la
concordance de la courbe theorique et de la
courbe experimentale est assez grande pour
rendre cette hypothe.se fort vraiscmblable.
Ainsi ces Electrons negatifs n'ont pas do
masse proproment dite ; s'ils semblent douOB
d'inertie, c'est qu'ils ne sauraient changer
de vitesse sans deranger Tether. Leur
inertie apparente n'est qu'un einprunt. ello
n'est pas a eux, elle est a Tether. Mais ces
electrons negatifs no sont pas toute la
matiere; on pourrait done admettre qu"en
dehors d'eux il y a une vraie matiere doueo
d'une inertie propre. II y a cortaines radia-
202
Til E A Til EN-fiUM
N 4086. Fed. 17, 1906
tions '"ii • l«s rii\(.n- ruiuil de ( ;.i|<l-|( in.
lei rayons A <lu radium <iul ~""' duel euasi
i inn- | 'liin- ili projectiles, mail de projectili -
chat iiisiiniiit ; ili - electrons positifi
i Ms i u\ auesi depourvui de aieeic ! II
• -i impossible de le dire, peroo qu'ili Bonl
beaucoup phii lourds it beaucoup moins
rapidea que lea electrons negatifa. I't alors
driix hypotheses restenl admissibles: ou
bien It v i It i i rmis stmt plus lourds, pares
qu'en dehors de leur inertie eleotromagne-
tique empruntee ill onl une inertie meca-
nique propre,et alora ce stmt eux qui stmt la
vraie matiere ; ou bien ils Bonl sans ■
oomme lei autres, el b'iIb nous paraissenl
]>lus lourds, cist parce <|u'ils stmt plus petite.
Je dis bien plui petite, quoique oela puisse
paraitre paradoxal; car dans oette concep-
tion le corpuaoule ue strait qu'un vide duns
I'ether, aeul reel, Beul dime d'lnertie.
Jusqu'ici la matiere n'est pas trop com-
promise ; nous pouvona encore adopter la
premiere hypothese, ou meme croire qu'en
dehors dee electrons posit its et negatifs, il
y a des atonies neutres. Les recentes re-
eherchee de Lorentz vont nous enlever cette
derniere ressource. Nous Bommee entraines
dans le mouveinent de la Terre, qui est tree
rapide ; les phenomenes optiques et elec-
triques ne sont-ils pas etre alteres par cette
translation ? On l'a cru longtemps, et on a
-oppose que les observations deceleraient des
differences, suivant l'orientation des ap-
pareils par rapport au mouvement de la
Terre. II n'en a rien ete, et les mesures les
])lus delicates n*ont rien montre de semblable.
Et en cela les experiences justifiaient une
repugnance commune a tous les physiciens ;
si on avait trouve qiielque chose en effet, on
aurait pu connaitre non seulementle mouve-
ment relatif de la Terre par rapport au Soleil,
mais son mouvement absolu dans I'ether.
■Or beaucoup de personnes ont peine a croire
qu'aucune experience puisse donner autre
chose qu'un mouvement relatif ; elles aecep-
teraient plus volontiers de croire que la
matiere n'a pas de masse.
On ne fut done pas trop etonne des
lesultats negatifs obtenus ; ils etaient con-
traires aux theories enseignees, mais ils
flattaient un instinct profond, anterieur a
toutes ces theories. Encore fallait-il modifier
ces theories en consequence, pour les met t re
• en harmonie avec les faits. C'est ce qu'a
fait Fitzgerald, par une hypothese surpre-
nante : il admet que tovis les corps subissent
une contraction d'un cent-millionieme en-
viron dans la direction du mouvement de la
Terre. Une sphere parfaite devient un ellip-
soi'de aplati, et si on la fait tourner, elle se
deforme de facon que lc petit axe de l'ellip-
soide reste toujours parallele a la vitesse de
la Terre. Comme les instruments de mesure
subissent les memes deformations que les
objets a mesurer, on ne s'apercoit de rien, a
moins qu'on ne s'avise de determiner lc
temps que met la lumiere pour pareourir la
longueur de l'objet.
Cette hypothese rend compte des faits
observes. Mais ce n'est pas assez; on
fera un jour des observations plus precises
encore ; les resultats seront-ils cette fois
positifs ; nous mettront-ils en mesure de
determiner le mouvement absolu de la Terre ?
Lorentz ne l'a pas pense ; il croit que cette
determination sera toujours impossible ;
linstinct commun de tous les physiciens,
les insueces eprouves jusqu'ici le lui
garantissent suffisamment. Considerons
done cette impossibility comme uno loi
generale de la nature ; admettons-la comme
postulat. Quelle! en aeront les conse-
quences ? C'est ce qu'a cherche Lorentz,
et il a trouve que tous les atomes, tous les
electrons positifs ou negatifs, devaient avoir
une inertie variable avec la vitesse, et pre-
ce-t'-iiifiit d'apres l< m< u U »ut
iiiciini' materiel serail forme' d'61ectrom
positifs, petiti h lourds, it d'electt
negatifs, pros et lexers, et si la mat hi •
ible ii' nous parafl pai i l< ctri i
que les deux sortes (It'll it n .n- UODi I DOU
I'l. - en nomine egal. Lei un- <t lei an
sunt depourvui de masse el n'onl qu'une
inertie d'emprunt. Dans ce 83 items il n'y 1
pas de Vraie matiere. il n y a plus que
trims dan- let tier.
Pour If. Langevin, la matiere erail de
I'ether liquefie, el ayant perdu sis pro-
prii'-tes ; quand la matiere as deplaoerait,
ce ne serait pas cette nmw liquefies qui
1 In ininerait ;'i travel's l'etlier ; mais la lique-
faction s'etendrait de proclie en proche B de
nouvelles portion! de l'etlier, pendant qu'en
arrierc les parties d'abord liquefiees repren-
draient leur etat primitif. La matiere en se
mouvant ne conserverait ]>as son identite.
Yoila ou en etait la question il y a quelques
semaines ; mais voici que M. Kaufmann
annonce de nouvelles experiences. L'electron
negatif, dont la vitesse est enorme, devrait
eprouver la contraction de Fitzgerald, et la
relation entre la vitesse et la masse s'en
trouverait modifiee ; or les experiences
recentes ne confirment pas cette prevision ;
tout s'ecroulerait alors, et la matiere repren-
drait ses droits a l'existence. Mais les
experiences sont delicates, et une con-
clusion definitive serait aujourd'hui pre-
maturee. H. PoixcARt.
DR. LE BOX'S THEORIES OF MATTER.
Trinity College, Cambridge.
In the following letter I ask leave to
combat the positions taken up from time
to time in The Athenaeum concerning the
work of Dr. Gustave Le Bon.
In your ' Research Notes ' of November 1 8th
F. L. takes occasion to praise the work of
Dr. Le Bon. As this is by no means the
first time that he has been referred to
favourably in your columns, I think it
should be pointed out that your estimate
of his work differs markedly from that of
the majority of those qualified to judge.
Dr. Le Bon claims that he is the discoverer
of the universal radio-activity of matter and
the author of the theory of the instability
of the atom. If he only means that he
propounded the doctrine of his title-page,
" Rien ne se cree. Tout se perd," before
it was accepted by the majority of physicists,
nobody is likely to dispute his claim ; but
he must fight out the queston of priority
with the shade of Heracleitus. But if he
means that he propounded the modern
scientific theory and established it by his
experiments before the work on which it is
generally based had been performed, then
no more preposterous claim has been made
in the history of science.
For, firstly, Dr. Le Bon's utterances were
always too vague to be of use as scientific
hypotheses, though their vagueness had
remarkable advantages for the author : it
made it almost impossible to prove him
wrong, and it enable! him to claim the most
diverse discoveries as variations of his own
theory. (Many people, for instance, would
be surprised to learn that Prof. Rutherford's
researches on the changes of radium, already
classic and the foundation of a new science,
were mere amplifications of the previous
experiments on chemical change conducted
by Dr. Gustave Le Bon, of Paris.) And,
secondly, his experiments are perfectly in-
adequate to prove his theory under any
interpretation. All that can be attributed
to Dr. Le Bon is a lucky guess, without
experimental support, at something like the
present theory, similar to the lucky gueas
made by L • thing I
att. mic t In "i \ i.t tin miatry.
The evidence thai are have f(,r the dav
integration "f matter ii twofold 'I
Prof. Thomson*! proof that it 1- j »o»>-it>l<
produce from ordinary matter parti
smaller than the smallest atom: and there
is Prof. Rutherford*! prool thut radio-
activity 1- accompanied by a change in I
atoms concerned. Novr it we allow Dr. I>e
Bon'a experiment- their most favourable
interpretation, the most that they can pi
is that certain substances under th<
ft light, heat, chemical action, or '-imilar
a.- ii. ii - emit rays which ionize the sur-
rounding air. If this is all that 1- requ
to prove the disintegration of matter, why
did Dr. Le Bon ever perform those labori
experiment! of which we hear so much ?
It was known in \H95 that metals bom-
barded by the cathode stream emitt
rays capable of ionizing gases — R"ir _
rays, as they were called : why did
not revolutionize physics at once by the
announcement of his theory ? Of course,
the mere production of ions which are
larger than molecules cannot prove the
" dematieralisation de la matiere'": but
the absurdity of Dr. Le Bon's pretensions
becomes clearer when we remember that he
is trying to prove that all materials are radio-
active. It is one of the essential character-
istics of radio-activity, and one of the chief
reasons that we have for believing it to be
accompanied by atomic change, that the
activity is absolutely spontaneous and un-
altered by any process to which the active
body can be subjected. To prove that all
bodies have this property, Dr Le Bon tella
us that they become active when exposed
to light and heat ! As a matter of fact it
is almost certain that all elements are truly
radio-active, but the activity is far too small
to be indicated in Dr. Le Bon's crude experi-
ments, even if he had tried to detect it.
If I have not disputed so far the corr-
ness of Dr. Le Bon's experiments, it is not
because they are unassailable. The obser-
vations that he describes are badly designed,
and show a total want of appreciation of the
properties of ionized gases. A great many
of his results were known already, but some
new phenomena were described. 1 inves-
tigated one of these, and found it capable
of a totally different explanation from that
given by Dr. Le Bon ; Mr. Carse lias tried
and failed completely to repeat another of
these experiments.
Dr. Le Bon has an extensive acquaintance
with technical terms, but the extent of his
real knowledge may be judged by the
example quoted in your 'Research Notes" in
criticism of Mr. Whetham. Dr. Le Bon
stated* that all substances gave off an
emanation which was not due to radio-active
impurity, and quoted in support a paper by
Prof. Thomson. Here is Prof. Thomson'!
summary of the results of the lirst part of
his paper : —
"The question whether all substances give off
emanations to a slight extent is one to which I
have given a good deal of attention, but so far I
have not obtained any emanations other than thosa
whoee oapriciousnese indicated that they were tin-'
to minute trans of ■ radio-active impurity."
Later he says : —
"Though no evidence has Ken obtained that
the property of giving off an emanation is at all
general, there is. I think, a considerable amount
of evidence that most, if not all, l*xlirs are con-
tinually emitting radiation. "
and proceeds to argue in favour of general
radio-activity. It is not necessary that all
radio-active substances should give off an
emanation : we have one well-established
N°4086, Feb. 17, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
203
instance to the contrary, uranium. Dr. Le
Bon does not appear aware of this elemen-
tary fact, nor, indeed, of the distinction
between emanations and ionized gases. In
the account of many of his experiments he
states that he has proved the existence of
an emanation, when all that his observations
show is the presence of an ionized gas.
F. L. does not seem to see the point at
issue : the new experiments which he quotes
(Nov. 18) are perfectly irrelevant ; they con-
cern neither emanations nor radio-activity.
Does F. L. think that all processes of ionization
are radio-activity and are accompanied by
emanations ? Neither is it of any use to
cite authorities to prove that all matter is
radio-active : Mr. Whet ham has never
denied it ; what he has denied is that Dr.
Le Bon has adduced any important evidence
for the assertion. To convict him of in-
justice, F. L. quotes experiments by Prof.
Thomson !
The second paragraph of the 'Research
Notes ' is a most remarkable production. It is
a scientific commonplace that an accelerated
electron emits electromagnetic pulses or
waves : that statement is the foundation of
electronic theory, and formed the basis of
Stokes's theory of Rontgen rays given in
the Wilde Lecture of 1897. So eminent a
physicist as M. Langevin would not think
of claiming it as his own discovery. Simi-
larly the emission of electromagnetic waves
by the oscillatory discharge of the spark
formed the basis of Hertz's classical experi-
ments of 1887, in which he confirmed
Maxwell's theory of the electromagnetic
field. If Dr. Le Bon has really stated that
matter turns into light on its way to becom-
ing ether, it only affords one more instance of
his fertile imagination : personally I can
discover no meaning in the statement.
Let me sum up my case against Dr. Le
Bon. I do not doubt that the theory which
he advocates now is in the main correct, but
I think his expression of it vague and in-
adequate. I am a firm believer in t he general
radio-activity of matter and the spontaneous
disintegration of atoms ; but I protest
against Dr. Le Bon's assertion that he is
the author of those theories. Nor am I
concerned to establish the claim to author-
ship of any particular person as against him.
Barren wranglings over priority have not
the smallest interest for me. I merely wish
to warn readers who are not professed
students of the subject that they must not
imagine that Dr. Le Bon's writings are
examples of accepted scientific procedure,
or that such experimental or ratiocinative
methods as he adopts have established, or
are ever likely to establish, the validity of
any important scientific theory.
Norman R. Campbell.
%* We must add that we received Mr.
Campbell's letter at the end of November,
and that it would have been published with-
out delay but for the exceptional demands
on our space. In the height of the winter
>n a controversy which seemed likely
to occupy many pages could not be contem-
plated.
'THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
LONDON.'
OF
THESE is one passage in Mr. Scherren's com-
municate n that I cannot allow to pass without
the most emphatic contradiction and pro-
test, II accuses me of amplifying in my
article the statement made in my ' Life of
Sir Stamford Raffles' mtb respect to the
personal relations between Sir Stamford
Raffles and Sir Joseph Banks, and then
■dds that "there does not appear to be
authority for either statement."
The passage in my article in your number
for March 4th last reads : —
"He [Sir Stamford] broached the subject in that
year [1817] to Sir Joseph Banks, who expressed his
warm approval of the proposal."
The passage in the ' Life ' reads : —
" During his stay in London in 1817 he [Sir
Stamford] had discussed with Sir Joseph Banks a
plan for establishing in London a zoological col-
lection and museum which should interest and
instruct the public. Sir Joseph Banks warmly
supported the proposition."
Will Mr. Scherren indicate where the
alleged amplification occurs, and as there is
obviously none, why does he make such
a charge ?
With respect to " the personal relations
between Sir Stamford Raffles and Sir Joseph
Banks," their character is shown in the
letter from Sir Joseph to Dr. Horsfield,
partly quoted on p. 449 of Lady Raffles's
memoir, and in the letter from Sir Stamford
to Dr. Horsfield given on p. 627 of the same
work.
It is perfectly true that I have not yet
traced what was my authority for stating
that Sir Stamford " discussed with Sir
Joseph Banks a plan for establishing in
London a zoological collection and museum "
in 1817 ; but I am absolutely confident that
the authority exists, and that when it is
found it will be seen that I have textually
reproduced the words " zoological collection
and museum," which I certainly would never
have chosen myself.
After an interval of nine years it is
impossible for me to recollect where I ob-
tained the information, but I feel pretty
confident that it came from one of two
sources, and that the authority was either
Sir Joseph Banks himself or Dr. Horsfield.
Although the Banks MSS. were sur-
rendered by the British Museum to the late
Lord Brabourne before I commenced work
on the ' Life,' my late friend the Rev. R. B.
Raffles had gone through those papers at an
earlier date and annotated them. It is not
improbable that he made the discovery,
although I have as yet been unable to trace
the circumstance among those of his notes
which have been preserved. I incline to the
opinion that the full text of Sir Joseph's
letter to Dr. Horsfield will furnish the
authority for my assertion.
The Banks papers were subsequently sold
at auction, and dispersed. Perhaps some
reader of The Athencr.um may have the
means of referring to Sir Joseph's corre-
spondence during 1817, and thus ascer-
taining what, if any, references they contain
to Sir Stamford Raffles and a projected
" zoological collection and museum."
Mr. Scherren's expectation that the un-
known, and possibly ignorant, composer of
the inscription on Mr. Vigors's monument
is to be regarded as a witness of equal weight
with Mr. Vigors himself, who called Sir
Stamford " the illustrious Founder " of the
Zoological Society, is typical of his method
of dealing with the whole of the evidence.
Demetrius C. Boulger.
SOCIKTIKS.
Sociktv ok ANTiorutiK.s. — Fob. 8. — Prof.
(lowland, V. 1'. , in the chair. Dr. Haverfield
communicated a note on two marble sculptures of
the Roman period and a Mithraie relief found in
London. Of the sculptures, one represents a river
pod, the other either a genius or Bonn* Eventua.
The Mithraie relief is singularly perfeot, and is
inscribed \i.ei\s sn,\ \nvs EMBK1TV9 LXG. ir. \\<:.
voTVM solvit, factvb AitwsinsK. - Mr. Henry
Laver, Local Secretary for Essex, exhibited a
Dumber of mediteval paving tiles found a(
St, Oayth's Priory, but not in position. One be-
longing to a set of nine bears a device that does •
not seem to have been noticed elsewhere, a con-
centric series of plain rings with snails creeping
along the outer edges of them. — Mr. Worthington
G. Smith, Local Secretary for Bedfordshire, ex-
hibited a number of antiquities found in and about
Dunstable. — The Rev. G. T. Andrewes exhibited a
carved cross of Mount Athos work given to Pope
Clement XIV. — Mr. Robert Cochrane exhibited a
pair of "tortoise" brooches of bronze - gilt and
fragments of a bronze bowl found in a Viking
burial at Ballyholme, between Bangor and Grooms-
port, eo. Down. He described their discovery,
and stated that the bowl was complete, with
chains for suspension, when found, but was de-
stroyed by the workmen. In the year 818 a raid
was made by a band of Northern Vikings on
Bangor Abbey, half a mile distant, and the burial
might date from that event. — Mr. Reginald Smith
added some remarks on the find, and exhibited a
restoration of the bowl based on examples found in
England and Norway. He quoted Scandinavian
authorities in confirmation of the date suggested,,
the style of the brooches being well known in the
British Islands and in Scandinavia. Bowls of the
kind exhibited were specially common in Norway,
where they were referred to the Viking period ;.
while English examples with circular enamelled
escutcheons might be somewhat earlier. Brooches
of this type were worn by both sexes, but there
was little to show the sex of the persons interred
at Ballyholme.
Philological. — Feb. 2. — Prof. W. P. Ker
in the chair. — Mr. W. H. Stevenson read a
paper on Old-French influence on English local
names. After showing that many local names
had not followed the ordinary English sound
developments, and that these exceptions usually
arose from the retention of written forms that had
become fossilized owing to the influence of legal
documents, the lecturer suggested that the repre-
sentation of 0. E. palatal c by 8 instead of ch was
due, first, to the retention of Norman spellings,
and, secondly, to the application to them of the
North Central French pronunciation, which came
into use in England late in the twelfth century.
Thus the Norman -cestre very closely reproduced
the pronunciation of O.K. -ce(a)8tre, but we have
evidence in the spelling -sestre of a change of
pronunciation due to North Central French. By
the end of the thirteenth century the 8 had dis-
appeared before the t, by French not English
sound-change, and hence we get such spellings as
Gloucet(t)er by the side of Gloucestre (the modern
pronunciation perhaps represents the former
spelling). William of Worcester in the latter
part of the fifteenth century speaks of " Sissetyr,
Cyssetyr alias Cirencestre." This city is of
interest as preserving the French pronunciation,
although the river from which it derives its name
appears in the English form of Churn, Worcester's
Cheern. A similar instance occurs in Cerne
(O. E. Cernel) on the river Cerne, co. Dorset, on
which there is a CAarminster (the site of the
A. -S. monastery?). French forms have un-
doubtedly ousted the native ones in Cambridge,
Salisbury (O.K. Searesbyrig), Durham (O.E. Dun-
holm), Bristol (O.K. Brycgstow ; Bristou in
Domesday). The -/ of the last seems to be due to-
a latinized form Bristollia, in which the -on of D.B.
has been improperly regarded as a resolution "t
■ol. The representation of O.K. -Sa, leg in D.B.
in Pevenesel (Pevensey) and Grayenel (Graveney)'
is only explicable by the theory that the <K
although still written by the Normans, was pm-
nounced eu. The representation of Anglo-Norman
en in the modern pronunciation of Beeohy
("Beau-chief"), Belvoir, Beauohamp, suggests
that it did not differ greatly in sound from the
early Middle English representatives of O.E. fa,
irij. That these inherited forms in -< / w ere pro-
nounced according to the spelling at the end of the
thirteenth century is proved by the occurrence of
SUOh forms as Komciihalc for Ibminey. where 1 1 1< ■
Anglo-Norman spelling Homenel — O. K. Rumaiifr,
has been identified with the English •hate, A
curious feature that had some influence upon OUT
local names was the artificial application of Frenoh
sound changes to English names. Of these the com-
monest were the representation of English al byou
and el by ru, by which Aldeburg appears as Aude-
burg, Alf reton as Auferton, -fold a&fand, -wa/rfas
■waud, Calde- as Oaude, «.xc Elmt- as Ettme-, -ftlde
■Jill
THE A Til KNMUM
N 1086, Feb. 17, 1906
as •j'rui/i , r-i/ilt aa «f ude, Ac This practice has been
tin- K) ui'i i- "1 OOUIltli ' ii "i among ant iqUftl i> ,
who through printing the u m n have froquentrj
failed to identity tlf I'lan ■ iri.ii.il t... By a
will known French sound -change a vowel flanked
<l (ih or <i diaappeara. There are nomeronain
st.-iiK'i'.s ci tin a|i)iln .itimi ni this change to Eng-
lish looaJ naim>. whnh ha\i-, Imwi-w-i. umi.iIU
mil the oanaonant. Tims 8uthewero appi
iwrikr; Buthewelle as Buwelle ; Buthenoi
Buthoe ; Bathe as Baa, Ba ; Bradewatre as Bra-
water; Bathekewelle (O.E. Beadeoan • well)
Baukewell (now Bakewell) ; Teodekeebury as
Creokeebury (Tewkesbury) j Etothebury as Ron
bury : Rothewelle as Bowelle ; Btratham (•.<.,
Btratam) aa Straham : Ruthe as Rue (now Ronth] ;
WadehuU as Wahull (now Oih-ll) ; and, with rab-
aeqnenl oontraotion, Withungrave as Wiungrave,
Wengrave (now Wengrave); LethtTyn^sete as
Leryngaete ; Wetherefeld as Wereafeld, to. The
change of Orant(h)am to Graham (with hiss of w)
oornee under this heading. In other oaaea the
French system of spelling used in England has
affected tne pronunciation of a name. As in this
system Knglish u was, except before a nasal, re-
}>rescntcd By ", we can aee how O.K. Hnut-lcgu
tas beoome Nbtley. In like manner the use of
I (J) to represent the English Y has caused
" In Gyrvum '" to assume the form and pronuncia-
tion of Jarrow ; Yesemuth has similarly become
Jesinond ; Yeddeworth, Jedhurg ; and the famous
monastery named from the valley of the Yore is
Jervaulx. Although Anglo-Norman distinguished
<in and en, yet Domesday frequently writes an for
English in, en, and <nn for em, and there are
several representatives of these spellings in our
local names. Thus O.E. IlPan- appears as Han-,
Hand-, Ham- (according to the nature of the
initial of the second member of the compound), as
well as the correct native descendants Hen-, Htm-,
And J/in-. Similar variations occur in other com-
binations of en. The lecturer also dealt with cases
in which an English -a:- was represented by -as, a
change that has had little effect upon our local
names, although a good instance occurs in Lexden
4tlia$ Lessenden (D.B. Lexendena, Lessendena).
Other minor changes, such as the interchanges
of lingual consonants, were also dealt with.
Mathematical. — Feb. 8. — Sir \V. D. Niven,
V.P., in the chair. — Major P. A. MacMahon made
.a preliminary communication on ' Partitions of
Numbers in Space of Two Dimensions.'- — The
following papers were communicated : ' The
Eisenstein-Sylvester Extension of Format's Theo-
rem,' by Dr. H. F. Baker, — 'A Chapter of the
Present State in the Historical Development of
Elliptic Functions,' by Prof. H. Hancock, — ' Re-
duction of the Ternary Quintic and Septimic to
.their Canonical Forms,' by Prof. A. C. Dixon and
Dr. T. Stuart,- — and ' The Scattering of Sound by
Spheroids and Discs,' by Mr. J. W. Nicholson.
Aristotelian. — Fth. 5. — Mr. S. H. Hodgson,
V. P. , in the chair. — Mr. T. Percy Nunn read a paper
on ' The Aims and Achievements of Scientific
Method.' The aims of science can be consistently
stated and its achievements evaluated only when
it is considered not as a body of truths, but as a
particular kind of oonative process which accepts
as its data the "primary facts" that constitute
the objective. These primary facts fall into three
orders : the orders of physical and psychical
txistenta, and objects of thought (such as relations,
numbers, &c. ), which may be called objective
subxistenti. All these are characterized by the
possession of a relevance to human purpose and of
a " sameness for all " which are regarded by
certain philosophers as the essence of their objec-
tivity— a view to be rejected in favour of the view
that these characters merely attend on the presence
of objectivity as such in an element of experience.
In the case of physical existcnts the " plain man's''
view that the secondary qualities of things are
equally objective with the primary qualities must
be accepted, while in all the orders distinguished
the ooourrenoe of scries is of great importance as
leading to measurement. The scientific process
aims at rendering certain given primary facts
intelligible to an individual consciousness — that is,
at organizing them into a "secondary construc-
tion" or apperceptive system. But as this
•description applies also to animism and the pre-
iiin w..ik ni (ireek and modi ni phil<
andas. moreover, these systems employ a method
formally indistinguishable from thai the
latter cm be discriminated only bytha material
i hai .11 lii Lai tO I hal ml. u V i "ii -I I ii' I c
are incident* in the development of an interest in
the particulars oi the objective as such The
scientific aim of rendering the objective intelligible
may Ik- mediated by oonoep< drawn from any
context "t experience, Oatwald's objections to snob
hypotheses being evaded by distinguishing theii
p j • liohigical from tlnir [real value. They
secure not only the immediate aim 'if the seieattfie
process, but also its achievement* from the
universal point of view - whieh consist in the
determination <>t further substantive element
the objective and of further (objective) illations
between them. In particular, the only objection
tu such concepts as "end" and "vital force" i*
that they do not yield the particulars of the
objective in their full determination, and are thus
limited in their usefulness to an early phase in the
development of knowledge ; while such concepts
as " interaction," which are reactions upon the
prima facie deliverances of primary facts, are to lie
di fended against the attacks of aggressive the
ab extra. The view advanced differs in important
respects from the "descriptive " views whieh have
been claimed by Prof. James as expressions of
Humanism, e.</., from those of Poincare, Le Roy,
and Mach. The first admits that science brings
real relations to light, but holds that it destroys
the claims of " things " to objectivity. The second
practically excludes the primary facts {/aits brutt)
from science. The third applies his principle of
"economy" without distinction to common-sense
concepts like " thing," and scientific concepts like
"the conservation of energy." The latter syntheses,
however, unlike the former, are effected by means
of other concepts drawn from the same (common-
sense) stratum as the elements synthesized. This
circumstance, implying a distinct break between
common-sense and scientific judgments, is to be
taken as important evidence for the view of the
objective defended. — The paper was followed by a
discussion.
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Hon. Koyal Acailem.v, 4.—' Enthusiasm in the Pursuit of Sculpture,
Br. W. a. Colton.
— Society of Arts. 8.— ' Modern Warships,' Lecture IV., Sir W.
White. (Cantor Lecture.)
TrKS. Colonial Institute, 4.— 'Our Emigration Plans,' General Booth.
— Koyal Institution, 5. — ' Food and Nutrition,' Lecture III..
Prof. W. Stirling.
— Statistical. 5.—' Wages in the Engineering and Shipbuilding
Trades in the Nineteenth Century,' Messrs. A. L. Bowlej
and 8. II. Wood.
— Institution of Civil Engineers. 8.—' A Plea for better Country
Roads.' Mr. G. K. .lehb ; ' Country Koads for Modem Traffic,'
Mr. J. E. Blackwall.
— Society of Arts, 8.— 'Illuminated Manuscripts,' Mr. H. Yates
Thompson.
— Zoological, 8.30.
Wkd. Meteorological, 7.80.— ' Report on the Phonological Obaaiia-
tions for 1905.' Mr. E. Maw-ley ; ' Discussion of the General
Features of the Pressure and Wind Conditions over the
Trades-Monsoon Area,' Mr. W. L. Dallas; 'The Dispersal or
Prevention of Fogs.' Mr. W. It. Newton.
— British Archaeological, 8.— 'Some Old Buildings of the Strand,'
Mr. A. Oliver.
— British Numismatic, 8.— 'Art and English Coins,' Mr. II. A.
Parsons.
— Folk-lore, 8.—' The Folklore of Dolls.' Mr. E. Lovctt.
— Geological, 8.—' The Constitution of the Interior of the Earth,
ius revealed by Earthquakes,' Mr. If. Dixon Oldham; 'The
Tarannon Series of Tarannon,' Miss Ethel M. H. Wood.
— Microscopical, 8. — ' An Improved Method of taking Stereophoto
Micrographs and of mounting the Prints, ' Mr. EL Ta\erner.
— Society of Arts, 8.—' The Fisheries of the North Sea.' Mr. W.
Garstang.
— Sociological, &— 'A Practicable Eugenic Suggestion,' Mr. W.
Mi llongall.
Turns. Koyal Academy, 4.— 'The Rough-hewed and the Imitation of
Life.' Mr. W, K. Colton.
— Royal, 4.30.
— Royal Institution, Ii.—' The English Stage in the Eighteenth
Century.' Lecture II., Mr. 1!. 11. Irving.
— Institution of Electrical Engineers, 8.— Crane Motors and
Controllers,' Mr. C. W. Hill.
— Society of Antiquaries, 8.30. — 'The Ancient Towns on the
Roman Road from Bilhilis to Tarragona.' Mr. A. G. Hill.
Fm. Physical, «. — 'A Note on Talbot's Bands,' Mr. ,1. Walker; and
two other Papers.
t- Institution of Civil Engineers, 8.—' The Graphical Determina-
tion of the Deflection of Beams,' Mr. C. H. Sumner.
(Students' Meeting.)
— Royal Institution, o.— 'The Internal Architecture of Metals,'
lVof. J. O. Arnold.
SiT. Royal Institution. 3 .— ' George Frederick Walts as a Portrait
Painter,' Lecture II. , Mr. M. H. Bplelmann.
Stesttta (Gossip.
In view of the increased attention now
being given to science, The Athena: um has
decided to publish a series of articles on
scientific subjects by scholars of European
reputation, irrespective of nationality. They
will, so far as is possible, deal with general
principles, and as care has been taken to
i unit iniiint hhI formula anion!
i b-t nib, tiny ehould bet intelligible to • tduoaj
loin without special knowledge oi the aub-
nf which they treat. I jina
this week with an article by .M. Henri
Poincare, member <>f the [natitul di iTrai
and professor at tin- I ni\ <r-ity "i Pai
whose titled to Came are too well kip
to need recapitulation. Articles by Sir
William Romany, Prof. A. EL Bucheret (of
Bonn), M. Philippe A. Guye (of Geneva),
I'rof. Norman Collie, and others will follow
from time to tin
The Thirteenth International Anthropo-
id Congress is announci-d to take place
at Monaco from April 16th to 21st, by
special invitation of the Print
Sir William Crookes has been elected to
the French Academie des Sciences by 44
votes out of 45.
The Nautical Almanac for 1909 has just
been issued ; the data and contents are
generally the same as in preceding years.
There will be no total eclipse of the sun ; an
annular one, on June 17th, will be visible
only in Arctic regions, the middle of the
central line being over the North Pole.
The orbit of Brooks's new comet (a, 1906)
has been computed by Herr Ebell, of the
Bureau of the Astronomische Nachrichten at
Kiel, who finds that it passed its perihelion
so long ago as December 20th, at the distai
from the sun of L28 in terms of the earth*
mean distance. It made its nearest approach
to the earth on the 10th inst., when its dis-
tance from us was 092 on that scale, or about
86,000,000 miles ; and it is slowly diminish-
ing in apparent brightness. Its place is now
in the constellation Draco (near its boundary
with Ursa Major), little more than 5° from
the North Pole, moving in a south-westerly
direction. Prof. Barnard, describing it as
seen at the Yerkes Observatory on the morn-
ing of the 28th ult., says that it was then of
the ninth magnitude, large, round, andjvery
diffused, but gradually brighter in the
middle, with an ill-defined and very faint
nucleus.
Herr Wedemeyer publishes in Aat. Xnch..
No. 4074, a continuation of his ephemeris of
Giacobini's comet (c, 1905), which is now
near the star n Ceti. moving in a north-
easterly direction, and diminishing rapidly
in brightness, so that it is no longer visible to
the naked eye.
Prof. Berberich states that one of the
eight small planets announced as new dis-
coveries at the Konigstuhl Observatory,
Heidelberg, on the 24th ult. is ascertained
to be identical with Thisbe, No. 88, which
was discovered nearly forty years ago.
A beginning has just been made with the
building of the new Magnetic Observatory
at Eskdalemuir, which is to take the place
of the present Observatory at Kew. The
observations at Kew, it is well known, have
been seriously affected by disturbances
caused by electric installations, railways, «.vc.
Eskdalemuir is fifteen miles from a railway,
in a high-lying pastoral district sometimes
called the roof of Dumfriesshire.
Mr. Alexander W. Roberts, of the
Lovedale Institution, South Africa, intends
to gather his various papers upon astro-
nomical subjects into a volume. He is
taking a year's holiday in this country. His
latest astronomical paper is on ' rear-shaped
Stars,' a subject he has been studying for
1 1 it" past ten years.
Mit. Lynn has in the press new editions
of his handy little books, ' Remarkable
Comets ' and ' Remarkable Eclipses,' brought
up to date, which will be issued early next
month by Messrs. Sampson Low & Co.
N°4086, Feb. 17, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
205
FINE ARTS
The Royal Academy of Arts : a Complete
Dictionary of Contributors and their
Work from its Foundation in 1769 to
1904. By Algernon Graves. Vols. III.
and IV. (H. Graves and Bell & Sons.)
Mr. Graves's third volume makes a
considerable advance in the alphabetical
arrangement, extending as it does from
Eadie to Harraden ; and the compiler
must have the pleasant conviction that
his great task is making considerable
progress, although the end will not be in
sight for several months. We are glad
to have had frequent demonstration during
the last few weeks that Mr. Graves's
splendid contribution to books of reference
"has already become a standard work, for
in several libraries, public and private,
we have noticed it in conspicuous positions.
When the comprehensive character of the
work, and the great labour which it has
involved, are considered, the cost of the
quarterly volume is but small, and it is
satisfactory to know on excellent autho-
rity that the financial side of the under-
taking is no longer an anxiety. It would
•have been little short of a calamity if a
dictionary of this kind had been forced
to suspend publication for want of
material support.
The numerous names contained in the
volume are of a bewildering character and
variety. Who were all these artists, and
where are all the pictures ? From the
limitations of his scheme, Mr. Graves tells
us very little about either of these things,
important as they are to those who take
an interest in the history of British art.
With ample leisure, means, and an un-
limited lease of life, one could make some
elaborate and highly interesting annota-
tions on Mr. Graves's entries ; but even
then many of the artists whose works are
here recorded would remain mere names,
and nothing could rescue them from the
oblivion into which, deservedly or un-
deservedly, they have fallen. Christie's
catalogues would doubtless tell us much,
but the exhaustion of this source alone
would probably take twenty years. A
small percentage of the pictures here
named are to be found in public galleries
in and outside London, a few in well-
known private collections, but many
probably are no longer in existence.
The most distinguished name in the
third volume is that of Gainsborough,
whose exhibits from 1769 to 1783 occupy
four columns : in one year he exhibited
thirteen works, and in another twelve.
Thanks chiefly to Walpole's annotations,
the names of nearly all Gainsborough's
portraits have been preserved. Walpole
had a great admiration for this artist's
landscapes, one of which he declares to
to be "by far the finest ever painted
in England, and equal to the great
masters." One of the anonymous
portraits of "a gentleman " in 1780,
No. 189, is annotated " Mr. Bute, author of
The Morning Post." This is of course an
error for Mr. Bate, the famous " fighting
parson," afterwards Sir Henry Bate
Dudley, one of the ablest and earliest of
" gutter " journalists. The " portrait of
a gentleman," No. 273 in 1783, is described
as " Billy Ramus," which was doubtless
Walpole's pleasantly familiar way of de-
scribing a man of very great dignity,
William Ramus, the king's page, father
of the two beautiful ladies painted in or
about 1777 by Romney, and again by
Gainsborough himself as ' The Sisters.'
The portraits by Romney now belong to
the Hon. W. F. D. Smith, M.P., whilst
the Gainsborough canvas was destroyed
in a fire at Waddesdon some years ago.
Other more or less distinguished names
attract one's notice in turning over the
leaves of the volume : Sir Charles East-
lake, P.R.A., Hy. Edridge, Edward Ed-
wards, Elmore, Engleheart, Etty, Faed,
Mr. Frith, Flaxman, Goodall, Fantin, and
Sir F. Grant, another P.R.A. It is inter-
esting to note that three of these exhibitors
were represented on the walls of the
Academy for over half a century, Flax-
man exhibiting from 1770 to 1827,
Goodall from 1838 to 1902, and Mr. Frith
(who is still hale and hearty) from 1840
to 1902. Many others have close on a
half century of exhibits to their credit,
so that if they are no longer household
words in the annals of English art, it is
not, at all events, their fault. It cannot
be said equally of the two sister arts,
poetry and painting, that those whom the
gods love die young, for whilst many of
our greatest poets have died in early
manhood, painters seem more long-lived.
Some of the minor names here suggest
considerable additional information to
that found in the new edition of Bryan's
' Dictionary.' John Eckstein, for instance,
is stated in Bryan to have died " in London
in, or soon after, the year 1798," and yet
he was exhibiting up to and including
1802. He showed very few portraits, and
yet he must have been excellent in this
way if the fine whole-length — a little too
flamboyant, perhaps, according to modern
ideas — of Sir William Sidney Smith at
Acre, recently on view at Earl's Court, can
be taken as an example. Edward Ed-
wards, who was exhibiting from 1771 to
thefyear of his death, 1806, is almost
exclusively remembered as a painter of
historical subjects, yet we here find that
he had a number of portraits hung at the
Academy, in some cases of interesting
people — Jonas Hanway, for instance,
whose portrait was pronounced by Wal-
pole to be " extremely like "; T. Kirgate,
the Strawberry Hill printer ; and " Mr.
Leigh, bookseller," who was, there can
be very little doubt, George Leigh, uncle
of John Sotheby, both of the firm now
known as Sotheby's. Samuel Baker, the
founder of the firm, was painted in 1771
by Charles Grignon (Athenaeum, July 16th,
1898). Edwards would seem, from his
exhibits at the Academy, to have painted
more portraits and views of places than
anything else.
The number of foreign artists,*French,
German, Spanish, and others, whose names
appear in the third volume is remarkable.
They exhibited for the most part very
irregularly, many of them only two or
three times, finding, no doubt, that the
advantages of being seen in London were
not commensurate with the trouble and
expense. Fantin-Latour, however, was
represented nearly every year from 1862
to 1900 — probably a unique record so far
as regards a foreign artist. The well-
known picture of his lifelong English
friends Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Edwards was
exhibited in 1876. Pierre Edouard Frere
(Mr. Graves has it Frere) exhibited almost
every year from 1868 to 1885 ; and J. L.
Gerome (whom Mr. Graves deprives of
both accents) from 1870 to 1893. The
latter was elected an Honorary R.A. in
1870.
Mr. Graves's fourth volume, which
extends from Harral to Lawranson, is
extremely interesting ; a notable feature
is the number of family groups of painters
with which it deals. We have in this
instalment the Hayters, the Hones, the
Hoppners, the HolLs, the Horsleys, the
Landseers, to mention only a few at
random. We have also the records of
such living veterans as Mr. J. C. Hook,
who began to exhibit in 1839 ; Mr.
Holman Hunt, whose earliest exhibit was
in 1848 ; and Mr. George Elgar Hicks,
who first appeared at the Academy in
1848. In addition to these three,
there are many others here recorded
whose careers might very well be taken
as a proof of the longevity of artists.
Mr. Hook, we think, is the Father of the
Academy, so far as exhibitors are con-
cerned, although Mr. Frith is the oldest
of the official members, as he was elected
an A. R.A. in 1845, six years before Mr.
Hook ; but he did not begin to exhibit
until 1840. Both were born in 1819.
Hoppner, it will be generally conceded,
is the great central figure of Mr. Graves's
fourth volume, as Gainsborough was of
the third and Beechey of the first. His
career as an exhibitor was not long,
extending only from 1780 to 1809 (thirty-
four years less than that of Beechey) ;
but his vigorous activity resulted in 167
pictures, mostly portraits, being hung, and
all of these, so far as now known, were of
a high quality and excellence approached
by no other early English master after
Reynolds and Gainsborough. Hoppner
started well, and maintained the high
promise of his early manhood. In noticing
the Academy of 1783 The Morning
Chronicle acclaimed him as possessing
genius, and declared " the great possi-
bilities of art " to be " within his reach.
He cannot fail to be a great painter."
Mr. Graves has been able to identify
many of the earlier anonymous portraits
by this artist, but there are a few omissions.
The « Girl with a Salad,' 1782, No. 425,
is, we think, an early portrait of his wife ;
the whole-length portrait of a gentleman,
1785, No. 145, is referred to in our notice
of Mr. Skipton's little book on Hoppner
(Athenaeum, September 16th, 1905); ' Capt.
Lloyd,' 1786, No. 3, was Capt. Richard
Lloyd ; and we have in our annotated list
of that year's exhibits the name of Mrs.
Hoppner entered against the portrait of
206
Til E at ii kn.et m
N W86, Feb. 17, 1906
a lady, No. 170. Th« Academy Catalogue
of 1 7**7 m a - oompiled with more than the
u-ual amount of carelessness, and ei i
wore pointed « >n t by mora than one otitic
of the time ; we should be mora disposed
to put faitli in a booklet entitled " A
Guide to the Exhibition of the Royal
\ idemy,' 1 7'»7. than in any other list.
whether Anthony Pasquin'fl or the official
catalogue. This 'Guide1 does not seem
to he known t" Mr. (oaves; so we
may state that, of the Hoppner pic-
tures, his Xo. 256, ' Portrait of a
Nobleman." was of Lord Grower; and his
No. 3»x>, " Portrait of a Nobleman,1 should
he ' Portrait of a Lady and her Son.'
otherwise Mrs. ( aldwell and her son. Our
list further differs from Mr. Graves's in
some of the 1799 entries. His Xo. 212 is
Lord Melbourne, whereas ours is the Kail
of Chatham ; and his No. 302 is Lord
Euston, whilst we have it as Mrs. Arbuth-
not. The 1807 ' Portrait of a Lady,'
No. 59, was of Miss St. Clare. There
are a few other differences which might
be mentioned, did space permit.
Several of the entries have obviously
given Mr. Graves a good deal of trouble,
more particularly with regard to two men
of the same name. As a rule, he indicates
the doubts, and generously leaves his
readers to supply the solution according
to their taste or discretion. " G. Harvey,
A.N. A.," is an illustration. In his ' Dic-
tionary of Artists ' Mr. Graves includes
all the exhibits of G. Harvey under the
heading of Sir George Harvey, the eminent
Scotch artist and P.R.S.A. On going
over the same ground for this new dic-
tionary Mr. Graves comes to the conclu-
sion that eight of the entries (1832-39)
belong to another individual of the same
name, who in 1839 described himself as
A.N. A. (i.e., Associate of the National
Academy of America). But we have
not found any record of such an artist,
American or English, and his name does
not appear in the lists of deceased members
or associates of that institution. The
1849 exhibit of the mysterious " G.
Harvey, A.N.A.," certainly belongs to
Sir George Harvey, as his address, " Edin-
burgh," is given in the index. Whether
the whole or any of the exhibits cata-
logued under his name belong to Sir
George Harvey (except the one mentioned)
we shall not attempt to say. In one
instance Mr. Graves could have easily
settled his own doubts : " Jeauron "
(p. 241) should be given as " Jeanron,"
as, indeed, it appears in the body of the
Catalogue, the error occurring only in the
Index. To be quite consistent in his
nomenclature, Mr. Graves should have
described both Charles Hayter and John
Hazlitt as miniature painters, as it is
entirely by their miniatures that they
are known. " P. Henderson's " (p. 67)
Christian name was Peter, and his many
exhibits of botanical drawings prove him
to have been rather more than a minia-
turist. Something of the same kind may
be said of "V. Huet " (p. 181), here
described as a miniature painter. From
Mr. Graves's cross-reference " Huet-Vil-
liers, F. See V," there seems to be a
probability that the compile] i^ about to
spill one man into two, a- all CoQectOl
of prints know Huet Villiera did not (on-
line himself t>> miniatures. One "f In-
most famous portraits, ' Mrs. <<•. engraved
by William Blake and printed in odours,
has only lately heen reproduced in fac-
simile.
One wonders what would he said to-day
of the Royal Academy if the hanging com-
mittee admitted five portraits of the same
person into the same exhibition. And
yet such a tiling happened in 1S43. when
John Hayter sent live portraits in cha-
racter of Miss Adelaide Kemble. Not
content with this, Hayter had three more
of her in the 1844 exhibition, one in 1845,
and two in 1847. If this distinguished
lady were remembered for nothing else, she
would at least deserve a niche in biogra-
phical dictionaries for the number of her
appearances on the walls of the Academy.
From Kemble to Irving is not a far cry,
and so we note what was probably the
late Sir Henry Irving's first appearance
at the Royal Academy, when Robert
Jackson exhibited in 1874 a marble bust
of the great actor.
We have noticed one interesting entry
which apparently did not strike Mr.
Graves as of importance. Miss A. P.
" Jessup " (it should, without doubt, be
" Jessop "), of Norwich, is recorded on
p. 247 as exhibiting five drawings in 1787.
This lady was one of Beechey's art pupils
during his stay in Norwich, and master
and pupil contrived a runaway match.
Ann Phillis Jessop became Mrs. (after-
wards Lady) Beechey, and her exhibits
as a miniature painter are duly recorded
by Mr. Graves in his first volume. Lady
Beechey's charges for miniatures varied
from two to five guineas each, according,
apparently, to the depth of her sitters'
pockets.
A few trifles may be noted by way of
corrections in the fourth volume. " Pil-
beach Gardens" (p. 21) should be
Philbeach ; "St. Michael Le Flem-
ing's" (p. 212) should be Sir Michael
Le Fleming's ; -1 Havod " (p. 280) would
be more correct as Hafod ; " genre
engraver " (p. 260) is presumably a slip
for " gem engraver " ; and " Rose Josa-
phat, Brussels " (p. 218), does not seem
correct. On the whole, however, Mr.
Graves is continuing to perform his onerous
task with every reasonable care, and the
more frequently one refers to his volumes
the more valuable do they seem.
" INDEPENDENT ART "
MESSRS. AGNEW'S.
AT
Iv noticing the recent exhibition at the
Carfax Gallery of works by members of the
Royal Academy, we alluded to this exliibi-
tion announced by Messrs. Agnew, and now,
after some delay, on view. The two shows
complement each other. ' Some Examples
of Independent Art' is the title on the
catalogue ; and though Mr. Strang, who is
an exhibitor, must now be reckoned as of the
Academy, and though Mr. John and some
other forcible workers among the younger
men are absent, the visitor may consider the
collection of paintings a- very fairly
tentative of the beat talent nrhich t
officially recognu rlington Hoaee*
only the impression received is far n.
stimulating than that derived from the
Carfax exhib feion. Here 'I ral
aiti-t- uiio maintain the living 'Ua
tradition of our country's art. -.. deplorably
thrown away by mo-t tji it- official uphold.
And by "tradition ire do not mean thy
unintelligent repetition ol past formulas, I
superficial attempt to reproduce a way of
seeing form and colour winch i- no longer
natural to our day. We mean the adh-T-
io Reynolds's principles of the necessity,
in a larj.' i thought <
cent ration oil essentials— m K phrase,
of "fundamental brainwork " — for the pro-
duction of pictures which shall permanently
interest. There are half a dozen paintings m
this exhibition which show and
natural affinity with the classics of art : and
these are precisely those wnich have the
most original savour and power.
At the same time there is a good deal
which differs in brilliance, force, and attrac-
tion from the kind of art associated witli the
Academy, but fundamentally, in aim and
ideal, is not so different after all. Mr.
Roche's able Scottish Fishwife (No. 41), for
instance, besides being immensely too large
for its subject, has no real pictorial motive.
We admire the wonderful skill with which
Mr. G. H. Mackie has painted the crossing
and reflected lights of a sunny afternoon
entering a room bcneatli half-drawn blinds
(24), but the figures of musicians and listeners-
on whom the lights play do not cohere or
provide a central interest. Problems of
complex illumination, once solved, become
no longer very interesting ; the artist has
heie grappled with and mastered an accident
of his subject, without using it to enforce or
enhance the essence of it. Again, we cannot
feel that Mr. Orpen, though he has found a
pictorial motive in his Wash-house (36),
atones for the photographic character
of his vision by his astonishingly brilliant
execution. Mr. Lavery is. in popular esti-
mation, a painter of the advanced school ;
but he does not advance. He seems content
with a facile formula, in which a grey back-
ground does duty for " distinction." How-
ever, one has seen far better work of his than.
the two portaits (3 and 31). which are sadly
lacking in vitality and expressiveness ; no-
stroke seems to be in the right place, and
the texture has the disagreeable, almost
"slimy." quality which Mr. Lavery affect-.
There seems to us no comparison between
such work and the Aliens at Prayer (14). by
Mr. Rothenstein. who surely has here sur-
passed all former efforts. This is not a
clever study of praying .lews by some
one interested from the outside in a pic-
turesque corner of actual life. The artist
has sunk himself in his subject, as Rem
brandt did, and the actual theme suggests
that master; but Mr. Rothenstein proves
his affinity not by reproducing a Rem-
brandtesque effect of light or texture of
pigment, but by his sincere and serious
interpretation of what he sees. The design,
has dignity, the drawing character and
emphasis without a single foiced note.
Mr. Strang, who can draw and compose as
few men living can. suffers a little from a
tendency to sacrifice spontaneous and
significant gesture to the general rhythm of
the design. In his large group of a j>easant
family. Supper Time (3.")). we do not under-
stand the attitude of the mother, swinging
across the canvas, except for the exigence
of balance in the composition. And there
is something of the same artificiality of pose-
in The Bathers (6). But this is an artist's
N° 4086, Feb. 17, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
207
fault. In both pictures the design is large
-and impressive, the colour rich, and the
■quality of pigment finer than in Mr. Strang's
•earlier paintings. In Mr. C. H. Shannon's
Millpond (23) we may wish for a hint of
more abruptness here and there in the suave
rhythm of the bathers' forms, but the
subject is originally conceived, it coheres
in an atmosphere of its own, and it is steeped
in a poetic mood. We too often forget that
imaginative compositions ought to be judged
;apart from the portraiture, whether of men
and women or of scenery, which forms the
great bulk of contemporary painting. Let
us remember that there has scarcely been a
period in art when fine portraits were not
painted, and that it is in the main by its
imaginative work that a period retains its
hold on, and charm for, posterity. Mr.
Shannon is one of the exceedingly few living
artists who are capable of treading in the
footsteps of Watts, Rossetti, and Burne-
-Jones. With Watts, and to a less degree
Rossetti, he has a natural kinship, but his
imagination is entirely his own. His second
•contribution, Tibullus in the House of Delia
•(10), is to our mind the finer. There is a
sense of drama in the contrast between the
wistful aloofness of the Delia, a tress of
whose hair the poet passionately kisses, and
the raised hands and cups of the revellers
behind. Both colour and design are in-
ventive and rich, full of delightful detail not
at once apparent — a richness apt to be
sacrificed by the Glasgow painters to insist-
ence on obvious pattern. Opposite hangs
the one contribution by Mr. Ricketts, The
Betrayal (33). Here also is the priceless
gift of imagination, though expressed in
far different method and temper. Figures,
background, sky, colour, handling, are all
dyed, so to speak, in the artist's tragic
■conception. Mr. Ricketts has an instinct
for the intense dramatic moment. The
spiritual majesty of the betrayed Lord
makes itself felt in the isolation of the
figure, before whom, with a sudden ashamed
gesture, Judas kneels to kiss the hand, not
the cheek ; while recoiling and pressing back
out of the picture, soldiers lift their sputter-
ing torches. In the moonlight is the young
man fleeing naked. Mr. Ricketts has done
nothing finer than this impressive design.
There are several good landscapes in the
exhibition. Mr. Wilson Steer is one of the
few who realize that to paint sunlight, or
some novel effect of atmosphere, is not
enough to make a good picture. His Sunset
(11 ) — apparently on the Wye at Chepstow —
is fine in its reserved sentiment ; it has much
more than mere observation, it has sugges-
tiveness ; and the painting, especially of the
.spacious and softly troubled sky, is masterly.
We fancy that perhaps some touch of
arbitrary definition in the boat, some genial
defiance of Nature such as Turner never
rank from, might make this picture still
more impressive. Mr. C. J. Holmes's Hills
of Dornach (4) deserves special mention.
W re are glad that one of the younger genera-
tion lias taken up landscape in the spirit of
the noble landscapes of Watts. In this
vision of mountains, blue in shadow with
such blue as Titian rightly dared to see and
paint, viewed across autumn woodlands
touched with flying gleams that catch white
wingB above the blue curve of a stream, there
i n sense of " glory " such as painters gifted
with far more natural facility fail to find.
Mr. 1). Y. Cameron's Berwick-on-Tweed (8)
is admirable in another way, tender and
delicate in tone. Mr. MacClregor has been
n to better advantage; and Mr. Pepper-
corn shows monotony W Ins refined, sombre,
nes. Mr. Roger Fry, however, is at his
Very best in his Chdteau de Brecy (21).
Naturally sympathetic to the mood of an
older art, he has painted the beautiful
gateway in a chequer of light and shadow,
with no archaistic spirit. The pale-red roof
behind adds charm to a successful colour-
scheme ; and if we wish that a waft of Mr.
MacTaggart's breezes from a neighbouring
picture stirred the rather lifeless tree-tops,
we must also say that Mr. MacTaggart's
attractive painting suffers much from lack
of design and its painfully inchoate fore-
ground.
A very few water-colours are shown, Mr.
Brabazon and Mr. MacColl being well repre-
sented, Mr. Rich not so well. Altogether
the exhibition is one that increases our hope
for the future. We have had no space to
mention as they deserve characteristic and
original works by such men as Mr. Nicholson,
Mr. Pryde, and Mr. Conder.
THE ETCHINGS OF CHARLES JACQUE.
The exhibition of Jacque's etchings at
Mr. Gutekunst's Gallery in King Street,
St. James's, affords an opportunity of seeing
some of the rarer work of one of the greater
exponents of the art. The thirty-two examples
which it contains do not, indeed, amount to
a tithe of the total number of Jacque's
works at the time of the compilation of M.
Guiffrey's catalogue in 1866, and his pro-
duction continued for at least a dozen years
after that date. Mr. Gutekunst's selection
is, however, representative, and it is especially
interesting as containing several of the most
charming of the dry-points, such as L' Abreu-
voir and Village au Bord de VEau, of which
there is at present no specimen in the collec-
tion in the British Museum. Had opportunity
allowed, there might also have been included
some example of that naivete of humour
which is seen in such compositions as ' Petits
Petits' (Guiffrey, 187), 'Grave! Grave!
Tres Grave ! ' (G. 420), or ' Premiere Lecon
d'Equitation ' (G. 178). But of those that
represent the common scenes of rustic life
— in the portrayal of which Jacque's strength
lay— we are furnished with examples which
show the full orbit of his activity. In such
early work as Un Anon (1844) there is a
certain timidity combined with something
of a Callot-like freakishness. The daintiness
and delicacy of his art and its power to render
the most subtle atmospheric effects are seen
in maturity in the seven dry-points of the
year 1848, notably in the rainy mist of the
Vaches d V Abreuvoir, the soft sunlit haze of
the Village au Bord de VEau, and the Rem-
brandtesque arrangement of Le Cavalier.
With Une Femme donnant d manger d des
Pores (1850) may be said to begin the
maturity of his vigour and naturalism ; and
this culminates in freest interpretation of
structure and girth in Cochons, and exquisite
modelling of form in Le Berger ; in the im-
pressiveness of L'Orage, where the air is
heavy with impending thunder ; and in the
ripe simplicity of Moutons (1868).
The Troupcau de Moutons a V Abreuvoir of
the year 1878 serves to show a decline of
] lower. The forms are somewhat crowded,
and inferior in grace and effectiveness ; and
we note a certain flatness and indecision in
the treatment of the landscape, though
Jacque is seldom entirely successful with
trees in foliage, and apparently found the
leafless structure more congenial to the
needle's stroke. Dan,s le Bois, executed in
1879, exhibits signs of exhaustion. It is
over-smooth in execution, and seems to lack
the fire and freshness of much of his earlier
work. It resembles a repetition of some
theme of the Barbizon School. Jacque's
own sympathies led him to the li-sieres
de bois, which form a background for a
scene of herding or tending cattle rather
than into the depths of the forest.
M. Blanc has sought to show how the
influence of Millet led to a gradual change
in Jacque's type of peasant-woman from a
well-favoured urban type in masquerade to
the rough peasant of reality, worn with
labour ; but the dates of the etchings he
selects to illustrate his theory fail to support
his inference. The two have in common a
love of rusticity ; but though Millet's influ-
ence is certainly perceptible, it was never
dominant. Only occasionally — as in the
figure of the old man chopping wood in
Une Cour or that of the tired peasant-woman
in the Femme faisant rentrer des Pores dans
une Porchiere — have Jacque's figures any
suggestion of the tragic intensity and un-
conscious pathos of Millet's peasants ; for
when this occurred it was incidental, and
formed no part of his general purpose. He
was primarily an animalier. The raison
d'etre of his peasants is to attend to their
flocks and herds, and with this his interest
in them ceases. In La Gardeuse de Vaches,
in contrast with the slightly drawn figure of
the attendant, the cattle are drawn with all
Troyon's sense of freedom and plasticity of
line.
THE] DUTCH ARTISTS AT THE
FINE-ART SOCIETY.
The interest that proceeds from good
workmanship is to be found in the exhibition
of water-colours, pastels, and bronzes, by
eight living Dutch artists of the younger
generation, now on view at the rooms of
the Fine-Art Society. These works show a
high general level of technical skill, the
effect of which is enhanced by the breadth
and suavity of their execution, together
with the fact that, while characterized by
restraint and sobriety of purpose, they possess
considerable richness of colouring. The
work in landscape is first in importance.
The insistent tradition of cloudy skies and
dull weather, which Mauve and Jakob Maris
have established in Dutch landscape art, is
adhered to by Le Conte, Gruppe, and Arnt-
zenius. In the last two it is at times apt to
result in a certain monotony of tone, and
Gruppe, in the attempt to avoid this, is
sometimes betrayed into forcing a note of
colour unduly. So his white in the cattle of
Pasture seems to offer too sharp a contrast
to the softness of the atmosphere, and
should be more affected by its aerial covering ;
and also in the pretty study of windmill and
red-roofed houses At Overschie the brightness
of the distant roofs is somewhat out of har-
mony with the prevailing hue of grevness.
Schregel's country scenes are especially
successful in depicting the play of broken
sunlight on plaster walls and pathways : but
his skies in Nos. 16 and 25 seem rather
harsh in tone. Le Conte's landscapes are
on the whole the most satisfying. His
instinct for effective arrangement is in evi-
dence in the picture of Dunkirk as seen from
the harbour ; here the colours are admirably
contrasted. He displays also a true per-
ception of values. The VoUcndaw is har-
monious in tone, and possesses great unity
of feeling. The grey misty light on the
water in the hay is excellently rendered.
His small snow scene Winter has simplicity
and direct ness. and is very successful in
atmospheric effect.
Of the various pictures by Haverman
representing peasant-women and babies,
some rather haggard in type, the most
pleasing is Thu Young Mother, a sketch m
208
Til E ATI! ENJSUM
N 1080, I'll'.. 17, 1906
delicate colour, supple and Bowing in tine,
in which the artist has oaughl Vi tv effec-
tiwk the abandon of the mother*! attitude.
The bronzes of Charles ran Wvk exhibit
vigour ot OOnOeption. In sonic tin- action
is strained, hut it is well translated into
Structure and tension of muscle in ToUtrt
Of tin Sin, a group of two fishermen dragging
ti boat by the anchor. The most attractive
is the head of .1 Fishertoomon from Katwyk.
The shrewd, kindly old face, with wrinkled
<'he« ikfl and thoughtful brow, luus _\ > t
something of that suggestion <>f geniality
which characterizes Mine's bust of Bishop
Salutati at Fiesole.
AKCILEOLOGICAL NOTES.
Pkobably the last public work upon
which the late Jules Oppert was engaged
was his lectures at tlie College de France
upon Assyrian philology and archeology,
wherein he devoted himself to the interpre-
tation of the Suinerian text known as the
Code of Hammurabi. These had fortu-
nately been completed at his regretted death
in August, 1905, and it is hoped that they
will before long be published. His version
differs somewhat from those accepted in
Germany and England, and among other
novelties presupposes that the " Code "
was not put forward de novo by any one
lawgiver, but was a kind of digest of the
decisions from time to time of many tribunals.
The lectures delivered by M. Edouard
Naville at the same institution in November
last, under the Fondation Micnonis, were
well attended, and derived peculiar interest
from the fact that the lecturer was the first
foreigner who has been admitted to hold
forth within the walls consecrated to learning
by Francis I. He chose as his subject the
religion of ancient Egypt. His idea of the
origin of what we call the Egyptian civiliza-
tion is that Egypt was inhabited in Neo-
lithic times by a white race, the ancestors
of the classical Libyans and modern Berbers,
who were archers living in wicker huts, and
had for domesticated animals the deer and
the ostrich. These were the " Anu " or
" Tehennu " who as early as the Fifth
Dynasty occupied Darfur and Kordofan, and
the only hint we get of their religion is con-
tained in the standard planted within the
stockade of the village which perhaps formed
the totem of the tribe. This raco, in M.
Naville's opinion, was conquered by Menes
and his followers, who came from Punt,
or Somaliland, by way of South Arabia
and Abyssinia. He does not think that
the culture of the conquerors owed any-
thing to Mesopotamia, but holds that it
included writing and building with bricks.
As to their religion, each invading tribe
had a totem, that of the royal tribe
being a falcon, the emblem of Horus,
with whom the king was always identified.
They also believed in the existence of a
double or immaterial counterpart, of which
the fan carried behind the monarch was the
emblem, and even under the Thinite dynas-
ties their religion had become anthropo-
morphic. The lectures will be published,
it is hoped, consecutively, in the Revue de
VHistoire des Religions, where the inaugural
one has just appeared and later will form
part of one of the publication of the Musee
Guimet.
In the samo number of the last-named
journal is also a review of Messrs. Ayrton
and Currelly's publication ' Abydos III:,'
wherein M. G. Foucart points out that their
discovery of the funerary chapel and stela
of Teta Shera clears up the mystery which
has hitherto hung over the ancestry of
Aahmes I., the founder of the glorious
Eighteenth Dynasty. This king, who finally
delivered his country from the rule of the
hated Efyicso . was, according to m. Foucart,
the -on of Sequenen-ra, the fierce Sudani
Iirinoe who Brat threw off the ii oke,
>v Aah-hetep, who was probably of the
ancient roj al blood of Egypt. Aah-hefa
mother was the Teta Shera lust mentioned,
and by Bequenen-ra she had Aahmes's pre-
decessor Ka-mes, and by a subsequent
husband the celebrated Ncfert-ari, whom
Aahmes married. The great prominence
and the divine honours given in later
Egyptian times to the queens of Aahmes's
family, and especially to Nefert-ari, lend
much colour to M. Foucart's view.
Mr. I'. I). Scott-Moncrieff, of the British
Museum, has just returned from Khartum,
where he has been employed on archaeo'ogical
work by the Sudan Government. He has
successfully removed the north wall of the
shrine of one of the Candace queens found
nearly two years ago by Dr. Wallis Budge
and Mr. Crowfoot, Director of Education,
on the island of Meroe, and has seen it safely
erected in the Museum at Khartum, now
in a forward state, the companion wall on
the southern side having been presented by
the Sirdar to the British Museum. He has
also finished the excavation of the temple
of Thothmes III. at Wady Haifa, begun by
Mr. Holled-Smith and Dr. Budge so long
ago as 1860, resumed by Mr. Hay Sadler in
1892, and continued by Dr. Budge and Mr.
Crowfoot in 1902, and has built a mud wall
all round it to keep out the sand — and
tourists. At Senneh, south of Wady Haifa,
he discovered some interesting stelas and a
fine statue of the Middle Empire, which
have yet to be investigated.
The Egypt Exploration Fund's work at
Deir el-Bahari is also in a forward state.
Dr. Naville's lieutenant, Mr. Hals, also of
the British Museum, has succeeded in clear-
ing the southern court of the temple, and
has discovered the south temenos wall ;
while he has ascertained that what has hither-
to been believed to be the southern boundary
wall of Queen Hatshepsut's temple is really
the north temenos wall of that built by the
Mentuhoteps of the Eleventh Dynasty. He
has also unearthed several new colonnades
on the top of the platform. Among the
smaller objects found are many painted
reliefs in the fine style of the dynasty,
including a magnificent statue of the
goddess Hathor. He has also recovered
a life-size head in sandstone of the King
Mentuhotep, and a large vase in pottery
covered writh a rope network in singularly
perfect condition. Dr. Naville has now
taken over the excavation, and more dis-
coveries are expected.
An account of the temple at Angkor,
which contains the principal relics of the
lost civilization of the Khmers, is given by
Mr. E. Candler in the first number of the
new quarterly The Acorn. According to
him, their empire was founded by Prea-
thong, son of a king of Delhi about 500 B.C.,
who revolted against his father, and left
India with his army, raiding across the con-
tinent until brought up by the swamps and
marshes in the Mekong valley. Here he
conquered the Khomen, who seem to have
been the aboriginal inhabitants of the
country, and from the union of the two races
formed the nation of the Khmers. It is
the Aryan followers of Prea thong who
seem to have built the great temple at
Angkor, which is described as being nearly a
third larger than St. Peter's, tho principal
nave measuring 79G by 588 feet, and the
top of the highest central pagoda being
250 feet from the ground. It is covered all
over with bas-reliefs of the exploits of tho
founder and hie gods in a style which Mr.
Handler thinks to I- A -.nan, though M.
Fournercau will have it that the urchi-
teoture was inspired by that of Egypt. As
the Persiao kinf> pushed their conquests
far into India, there i- no particular res
why an Indian prince should not have liad
both Assyrian and Egyptian workmen at
his disposal ; hut a- both Assyrian art and
ptian art were m 600 B.C. in an advanced
• of decadi i jtence of cither
of them in the south ot A-ia wants a good
deal of explanat ion.
At a time when Moroccan questions are
very much to the front, it is singular to
find M. Edouard Montet, of Gene, a. identi-
fying a Moorish tribe with the Druses of the
Lebanon. This, however, he has done with
the people called Zkara, who are known
to travellers as not being Christians or
Mussulmans or Jews, but are perfectly
willing to profess any of the three faiths
for cause shown. While allowing their
women a good deal of liberty, they are
nevertheless monogamous, reject circum-
cision, and both eat pork and drink wine.
They believe neither in heaven nor hell,
but in a series of existences after death
culminating in union with the Supreme
Being. M. Montet, whose opinion is en-
titled to every respect, thinks they obtained
these doctrines in the eleventh century from
the Caliph Hakim, who was certainly tho
founder of the Druse religion. But it is at
least as likely that they derive them from
one of the Gnostic sects who in the time of
the Byzantine emperors flourished in Africa,
as the instance of the Manichaeans, to whom
St. Augustine once belonged, shows clearly
enough.
A curious study by M. Costantin, professor
at the Paris Museum de Zoologie, on the
ancestors of man according to the ancients,
is now running through the Revue Scien-
tifique. According to him, one of these
fabulous ancestors was the cuttle-fish, and
he gives reasons for thinking that the
ancients, even in classic times, considered
it a miraculous being. Its occasionally
huge size, its rapid and puzzling changes
of form, and the intelligence shown by
it in directing its course through the
waves all go to support his theory, which
he illustrates besides by quotations from
Callimachus, Athenaeus, and other authors.
Whatever be thought of his theory, it goes far
to explain the large place occupied by the
cuttle-fish in early Egyptian and Mycenaean
art.
NOTES FROM POME.
I have already described in an earlier
article the discovery of graves of the earliest
inhabitants of Rome at the depth of five
metres below the level of the Forum, about
three metres above that of the sea. Now
in the remote age to which the graves pertain,
the hollow of the (future) Forum was covered
by the waters of the Lesser Yelabrum, a
profunda pains, a deep inlet of the Tiber fed
by the river Spinon, and by the local springs
of the Tullianum, of the Lautoke, of tho
Lupcrcal, and of Juturna. The existence of
this pond, so often mentioned by classics,
has been made evident by the discovery of
its shores, of its bottom, and of a layer of
peat in which stems of reeds were plainly
visihle, reaching from the Piazza della Bocca
della Verita, where the two Velabra came in
contact with the Tiber, to the (site of the)
Temple of Romulus, son of Maxentius, where
the lesser stream terminated. Such being
tho condition of things, the presence of graves
under the foundations of the equestrian
N°4086, Feb. 17, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
209
statue of Domitian in the middle of the
Forum becomes a problem of doubtful solu-
tion, because it involves as a consequence
the fact that the primitive dwellers on the
Palatine, on the Subura, and on the Carina?,
having at their disposal vast surfaces of dry
land in which to lay their dear ones to rest
(Acca Larentia was buried on high ground
•" extra urbem antiquam non longe a porta
Romanula "), made use instead of the bottom
of a marshy lake below the level of the Tiber,
which runs quite close. However, as the
official report on these finds has not yet been
published (we are still waiting for an account
of the discovery of the Basilica /Emilia,
made six years ago), it is wiser to postpone
any judgment on this affair, and to discuss
only facts which have been ascertained
beyond any shadow of doubt. Such is the
discovery of a skeleton, made in mysterious
circumstances, at the south corner of the
above-mentioned foundation of Domitian's
statue One of our leading anthropologists,
Prof. Angelo Mosso, of the University of
Turin, gave a description of it at the sitting
of the Lincei Academy on the 21st ult.,
from which I gather the following details.
The skeleton belongs to a woman who
was well formed, but a dwarf, only lm. 20
high. The " sutura metopica " in the fore
part of the skull proves this woman to have
belonged to a superior dolichocephalic race,
which lived on the shores of the Mediter-
ranean long before the invasion of Eastern
immigrants, whose skulls are rounded. The
dwarf woman was not regularly buried, but
simply thrown into the pond, so that her
skeleton was lying at the bottom of it, with
arms outstretched. We feel an additional
interest in the fate of this unhappy being
from the fact that she appears to have been
murdered. Whether the instrument used
was a stone hammer or a stone chisel, the
fact remains that the break in the skull is
sharp, well defined, and coloured by the
same patina of age which has stained the
rest of the cranium. The blow was given
while the dwarf was either standing or sitting
upright. Next to her remains were those of
a foetus a few months old, to whom likewise
the honour of funeral rites had been denied.
These finds have excited the fancy of sensitive
scholars. I have heard some of them
whisper wild suppositions about the crime,
which they consider to belong to " legal
medicine " rather than to archaeology, and
one of them has gone so far as to mention
the name of Rhea Silvia !
This is by no means the only instance of
■"suggestion" in reference to the excavations
of the Forum. We have come to the point
when no vulgar brick-stamp, no pipe, no
no lamp, no marble fragment, can be un-
earthed from that district without being
proclaimed at once — in certain quarters —
as an historical monument marking an
epocli in the annals of archaeological investi-
gation. We have been reminded of this
state of things by the latest sensational
announcement concerning the discovery of
an alleged Tribunal Principatus, on the
BOUtfa Bide of the Forum, facing the Basilica
Julia.
We know that, under the Empire, the
Forum, the Comitium, the Rostra, the
margins of the Sacra Via, &c, became
ered, little by little, with monuments
raised to emperors as well as to eminent
men. winch took every possible shape, from
a plain inscribed stone to an equestrian
ne placed on a pedestal large enough to
■contain a small room.
One of these structures— or rather the
■faint traces <<\ a hrick pedestal with a small
M, the pavement of which was once
inlaid with marble crusts, and the ceiling
moulded in white stucco — has just been
discovered on the south side of the Forum.
This simple matter-of-fact occurrence has
been magnified into an archaeological
revelation little short of miraculous, and
the nameless cedicula has been described
in the semi-official press as the Tiibunal
Principatus, the same one from the " rostra "
of which Trajan ordered the burning of the
registers in which the sums due to the
Treasury by negligent taxpayers were regis-
tered ! The Tribunal Principatus will stand
henceforth a worthy companion to the
Rostra of Caesar, to the Cellular Prison, to
the Romulean Steps, and other such ima-
ginary monuments with which the popular
fancy, thanks to the inspiration or suggestion
of certain papers, has filled that unfortunate
district ol ancient Rome.
In the memoirs of Gaspare Celio (I am not
perfectly sure of tiie name) it is related that
when Cardinal Enrico Caetani rebuilt the
church of Santa Pudentiana in the year
1597, with the help of Francesco da Volterra,
a copy of the ' Laocoon ' was discovered at
the bottom of the trench dug for the founda-
tion of one of the piers of the dome, on the
right-hand side of the apse. It is also said
that the contractor, fearing to be interrupted
in his work, or to be otherwise inconveni-
enced by the fact that Cardinal Caetani, as
Camerlengo, had absolute power in the
matter ot treasure-trove and archaeological
finds, ordered his men to break up the group,
and throw the fragments into the foundation
wall of the pier. On the strength of this
doubtful information some one petitioned
the Minister of Public Instruction to be
allowed to search for the said pieces, and,
strange to say, permission was granted. As
long as the searchers kept on digging in the
rubbish which forms the subsoil of the
Church (where no ' Laocoon ' could be found)
the official inspectors allowed the search to
proceed, but as soon as the pier itself was
reached, in the core of which the ' Laocoon '
was supposed to be embedded, the search
was stopped, for fear of weakening the pier
and impairing the stability of the dome.
We are therefore left in doubt as regards the
authenticity of the tradition related by
Gaspare Celio. At the same time we have
received good tidings from another quarter.
There is no doubt that several copies of the
group existed in Rome besides the Belvedere
original. Flaminio Vacca describes a wall
running under and across the main ward of
the Hospital of St. John the Lateran, built
with pieces of statuary, some of which,
from their shape and exquisite finish, made
him think of the Belvedere masterpiece.
We are indebted to Dr. L. Pollak for a
tangible proof of the existence of more
than one Laocoon in Rome. At the sitting of
the German Institute held on January 14th,
viz., on the very day on which the original
group was found four centuries ago (Janu-
ary 14th, 1506) by Felice de Freehs in the
main hall of the " domus Titi Imperatoris,"
Dr. Pollak exhibited a replica of the right
arm of the principal figure, which proves,
what we had already suspected for other
reasons, that its restoration by Bernini (?)
is altogether wrong. The arm was not
raised, but bent so as to rest on the head,
the coil of the snake encircling the wrist.
The place of discovery of this valuable
piece is not known, the fragment having
been purchased by Dr. Pollak from a dealer
in whose shop it had been kept for some
time. At the end of the sitting President
Koerte expressed the wish, on behalf of the
assembly, that the Vatican authorities
would do away with Bernini's restoration,
so disagreeable to the eye and so prejudicial to
the effect of the intense action of the group.
The task of editing the papyri discovered
or collected in the Fayoum by the Italian
mission of 1904 has been entrusted to Profs.
Vitelli and Comparetti. At the sitting of
the Lincei Academy on Sunday, Janu-
ary 21st, Prof. Comparetti made an inter-
esting communication concerning one of the
documents, which belongs to a set of businesg
letters exchanged between an estate agent
named Heronynos, of the village of Thea-
delphia, in the nome of Arsinoe, and many
clients who owned wheat-lands in that dis-
trict. The letter in question, written to
Heronynos by the secretary of a landowner
named Alypios, contains a curious mixture
of (Homeric) poetry and business. He says :
"It is ample time you should forward
either the wheat or the money gathered
from its sale. As regards Thyotis (a small
farmer in distress), tell him that if I do not
get at once the sack of grain he owes me, or
its equivalent in money, I shall place the
matter in the hands of the police." Alypios,
in reading over the epistle written by his
secretary, added in his own handwriting
verses 1-2 of the second book of the Iliad :
" The gods and the heroes were still sleeping
soundly " ; and again the words " sleeping
soundly," a manifest allusion to the negli-
gence shown by the agent at Theadelphia
in serving the interests of his clients.
It is a known fact that Augustus, the
founder of the Empire, was a palaeo-ethno-
logist, a student of prehistoric life, and a
keen collector of prehistoric remains. The
" res vetustate ac raritate notabiles " which
he found in the caverns of the island of Capri
are described by Suetonius (' Aug.,' 72) as
" bones of giants," that is to say, of fossil
monsters, and as " arma herouin," weapons
of men living in past ages, which is a toler-
ably good definition. The researches of
Augustus are carried on at the present day
by a local physician, to whom we are indebted
for the following discovery. At a place
adjoining the Eremitaggio, and at the bottom
of a deep trench, he has found bones of
rhinoceros and other great animals, and
stone hammers of the roughest make, some
of which weigh six pounds. Bones and
hammers are buried in a layer of reddish
clay — probably the bottom of a marsh —
which rests on the limestone core of the
island, and which is covered in its turn by a
volcanic formation of tufa. This find
shows the correctness of the statement
of Suetonius. Had Augustus discovered
ordinary flint implements belonging to the
age of polished stone, the biographer
would, as usual, have called them " gemmas
ceraunias " or " lapides minimis " (lightning
stones). By making use, however, of the
expression "arma heroum " he distinctly
alludes to the special kind of heavy hammers
just rediscovered at the Eremitaggio, which
belong to the first representatives of the
human race who ever set foot in the beautiful
island, which was still undergoing the process
of geological formation.
RODOLFO LANCIANI.
SALES.
Messrs. Christie sold on the loth inst. the
following piotures : T. S. Cooper, Isaac's Sul>-
Btitute, 12fi/. B. W. Leader, The Hills at Lodore,
near Keswick. 157/. J. A. Lomax, Extract frem
an Old Diary. 110/. .Marcus Stone. The Tost -Bag,
2461. 'I'll, de Bock. A Road to the Village, 17s//
The same linn sold on (lie 12th inst. the follow-
ing piotures : A. Canaletto, A View of Warwick
Castle, with figures promenading in the fore-
ground, '2.~r2J. ; Old Somerset House, with figures
en the terrace. 262/. B. Kale net. Portrait of a
Lady, in blue dress, with fur lined (hulk. 2154
Hoppner, Hester Elizabeth, Lady Selsey, in
'210
THE ATHENJEUM
N°4086, Feb. 17, 1906
white drew, with ■ bhok laoe oep, '-A*'-
Rodney, Ladv Greville, in black eloak, with laoe
oap with liuw-ooloured ril>l><>n. 840f. ; Isdv
Greville, in blank oloak, with white oap with pink
ribbon, 178/. . . . .. . „
On tin- 13th in-i- the Bame firm sold the follow-
ing engravings : After Reynolde: TheConnteaa <>f
Ayleaford, bj V*. Green, 2W. : The Duoheaa of
Ehioolenoh and Daughter, by J. Watson, 29/.
After rnrner: Croaainfi the Stream, by R.
Brandatd, 257. After Eaeiaeonier : 1806, by J.
Jaoquet, 'Mil.
|finr-^.rt (5ossip.
Messrs. Henry Graves & Co. hold to-day
a private view of ' English and Foreign
Landscape ' in water-colours by Baroness
von Cramm. To-day is also the private
view at the Ryder Gallery of oil paintings
and water-colours by various old masters,
including Titian and Murillo as well as
several early English painters.
At the Fine-Art Society's rooms an exhi-
bition of eighty water-colours by Evelyn
J. Whyley, ' From the Alps to the Apennines,'
is on view.
Messrs. Dowdeswell are showing etch-
ings in proof state after Corot by several
well-known hands.
At the Leicester Galleries pictures in oil
and water colour by Mr. Charles Sims are
open to private view to-day.
The Prussian Government has lent from
the National Gallery, Berlin, thirty-five
examples of the work of Menzel to the forth-
coming exhibition of the International
Society, which opens next Thursday. The
Victoria and Albert Museum and many
private collections will also afford further
specimens of this master's work.
The Royal Society of Painter-Etchers
and Engravers are opening their exhibition
to the press on Thursday and Friday next.
At the spring exhibition of the Bristol
Academy, open to private view to-day, the
principal exhibits are an altarpiece by
Hogarth, painted for St. Mary Redcliffe
Church in 1757, which has not been shown
since 1860, and a memorial collection of the
works of the late Reuben Charles Carter,
the black-and-white comic artist, who was
a native of Bristol. Mr. Thomas, as a native,
is also showing bis statue ' Lycidas.'
Two drawings by Millet from the exhibi-
tion at the Leicester Galleries have been
acquired for the nation. The examples
chosen are the elaborate study for the
famous picture ' Les Glaneuses ' in the
Louvre, and the dramatic drawing entitled
' L'Enfant Malade.'
The death is announced of Mr. Samuel
Edmonston, a Scottish artist, in his eighty-
first year, at Larkspur, Colorado. He was
a fellow student of the Faeds, at one time
practised as an engraver, and was an ex-
hibitor in water colour and oils at the Scottish
Academy.
We regret to notice the death of Mr.
Edward Tayler on Wednesday, the 7th inst.,
at the age of seventy-seven. Mr. Tayler
has often been termed the father of the
present-day miniature painters, for he was
the link between the days of Sir William
Ross and the present time. For over half
a century Ins miniatures and water-colour
drawings have been known to the public,
and for thirty consecutive years he was an
exhibitor at the Academy. He was also
the honorary treasurer and one of the
founders of the Royal Society of Miniature
Painters, and in the present exhibition of
the Society three of his works appear.
Wi; have received a prospectus from
Berlin of rThe Graphical Society," the
object of which is to furnish faithful repro-
ductions of rare and excellent printed works
of art. Each publication will appear in book
form and bo complete in itself. The cost
is to be defrayed by the contributions of
members. Tho annual subscription is fixed
at 30 marks, at the beginning of each year,
and the publications will appear in the
autumn following. Further details can be
obtained from the firm of Bruno Cassirer,
Derfrlingerstrasse 16, Berlin, W.
The friends in Paris and elsewhere of tho
late William Bouguereau have decided to
eiect a monument to his memory, and a
committee has been formed for the further-
ance of the scheme. M. Bonnat is the
president, and MM. Carolus Duran, Moyaux,
Tony Robert-Fleury, and Henri Roujon are
the vice-presidents. The office of the com-
mittee is at 28, Rue du Mont-Thabor, but
subscriptions will also be received at the
offices of the Societe des Artistes Francais,
Grand Palais des Champs-Elysees, Paris.
The death is announced of Mr. Richard
Josey, a well-known mezzotint engraver
who rendered many famous pictures. Mr.
Josey was born in 1841, and exhibited at
the Academy from 1876 to 1887.
M. Arthur Fontaine, the French Director
of Labour, has presented, and there is now
printed as a French Yellow Book, a second
report on apprenticeship, which, under the
title ' Rapport sur l'Apprentissage dans les
Industries de l'Ameublement,' gives, by way
of introduction, a history of French furniture.
The early Middle Ages and the Renaissance
are dealt with in interesting fashion, and
there are some forgotten facts about the
Revolution. Of the great days from
Louis XIV. to Louis XVI. there was nothing
new to tell.
The death in his fifty-sixth year is re-
ported from Ajaccio of the distinguished
sculptor Wilhelm von Riimann. Munich,
where he resided, contains many of his works,
among them the monuments of Liebig and
Ohm. The Bavarian monument at Worth
was also by his hand.
An unusually interesting " lot " was sold
at the Hotel Drouot, Paris, this week by
M. Maurice Delestre, a gouache by Michel
Barthelemy Ollivier of the well - known
picture in the Louvre, ' Du The chez le
Prince de Conti,' with young Mozart playing
on the harpsichord, and Gelyotte singing,
and at the same time playing on a guitar.
The picture was exhibited at the Salon in
1777, and has been in the Louvre nearly
ever since.
One of the most interesting of the picture
sales arranged for in New York during the
present season is that of the late Joseph
Jefferson, the actor, an enthusiastic collector,
and himself an excellent landscape artist.
The collection is remarkable for the number
of examples of artists of modern French
work, whilst of the Early English School
there are pictures ascribed to Reynolds,
Lawrence, Hoppner, Gainsborough, and
Constable.
The Year's Art for 1906 (Hutchinson &
Co.), edited by A. C. R. Carter, is a useful
guide, which we are glad to have. We think
the photographs, which include a drawing
by a child of eight, are unnecessary. Who
buys a book of this sort for its pictures ?
The ' Directory of Aitists and Art-Wrorkers '
is of real value, but will, we hope, be ex-
tended to include some well-known art critics.
It is accurate and well arranged, as well as
wide in range.
The death is announced this week of the
French architect Ferdinand Dutest, who
had been ill for several years, and whoae
best-known work is the famous Galerie des
Machines, which he designed and carried
out in 1889.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
iEoLTAN Hall. — Broadwood Concert.
The programme of the Broadwood Concert
on Thursday week was one of special
interest. Of instrumental, and especially
orchestral, music there is no lack, but few
opportunities are given — at any rate in
LcricLon — of hearing madrigals and part-
songs, those essentially English composi-
tions. The concert was under the direc-
tion of Dr. Walford Davies, and the vocal
numbers were sung (and admirably) by-
members of the Temple Choir. There
were the following madrigals : ' Lullaby *
by Byrd, Morley's " Fire, fire," Benet's
' Thyrsis ' and " All creatures," and
Gibbons's ' Silver Swan ' and " 0 that the
learned poets." It is good to hear the
works of composers who in their day shed
such glory on native art. Then there
were madrigals and part-songs by Stephens,
who, of course, was represented by his
" Cloud-capt towers," in which the solemn
words help one to forget that the music is
not strong ; two very dainty part-songs
by Sir Hubert Parry, and " In dulci
jubilo " and ' Sir Patrick Spens ' by
Pearsall. Between the two groups came
a noble cantata by Bach, " Gottes Zeit ist
die beste Zeit." Dr. Davies is conductor
of the Bach Choir, the very man, therefore,
to render honour to the old master. The
performance, if not altogether sans reproche
— at moments there did not seem to be an
entente cordiale between voices and instru-
ments— was on the whole very impressive,
and we hope that it may create a desire to
hear more of Bach's many church cantatas.
At the Temple Church, of which Dr.
Davies is the organist, some are sung, and
probably the same may be said of other
churches ; but in our concert-rooms they
are extremely rare. The church is the
best place for them ; but when given in a
concert-room they ought to be in a pro-
gramme devoted entire ly to sacred music.
This may sound like a reproach to Dr.
Davies, but it is meant only as a hint ; in
arranging his programme he probably felt
that something light and pleasant — the
renderings of the madrigals and part-songs,
by the way, were among the best things of
the evening — would be generally accept-
able.
Queen's Hall. — London Symphony
Orchestra.
Thk London Symphony Orchestra gave a
concert at Queen's Hall on Monday
evening. The programme opened with
Sir Edward Elgar's ' In the South '
Overture, after which came Strauss's
' Tod und Verkllirung.' Dr. Richter
always conducts well, but in this work he
seemed over-anxious, as if he had not
given his final instructions to his men.
The novelty of the evening was a ' Sym-
N°4086, Feb. 17, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
211
phonic Fantasia ' by Mr. York Bowen.
The book expressly stated that it was
abstract, not programme music. From
the structure of the work — its number of
•sections following without break, its
strongly contrasting moods, and a recur-
ring theme making for the unity of the
whole — we cannot but think that the
composer had some poetic basis. The
work really wants a clue. There are signs
of the influence of Wagner, Tscha'ikowsky,
and Strauss in it, but this is natural.
The music, ably scored, is full of life, also
of storm and stress. The composer is
only twenty-two years of age, and what
he has achieved is of high promise.
*' Better too little than too much "
should be his motto.
MOZART : A CORRECTION.
Savile Club.
My attention has been drawn by Mr. J. S.
Shedlock to a strange mistake in the new
edition of Kochel's ' Thematic Catalogue of
Mozart's Works.' which has recently been
brought out by Count Paul von Waldersee.
On p. 19 it is stated that the autograph
anthem (which Kochel calls a madrigal !)
presented by Leopold Mozart to the British
Museum in 1765 bears in the margin (' Auf
■idem Rande ') the following remarks : '" This
extremely curious and inst cresting Composi-
tion is not in Mozart's handwriting (sic !),"
•&c. In this description there are three
mistakes: (1) the note — which is in the
handwriting of Vincent Xovello — is not in
the margin of the autograph, but bound up
with it, and mounted separately ; (2)
Novello spells the word " interesting "
correctly, and not with an additional s ;
(3) the word " not " does not occur in the
•original.
As my name is mentioned in the preface
to the new edition of Kochel as having sup-
plied information with regard to the Mozart
autographs in this country, I wrote to the
publishers to inquire what was the origin [of
these strange misstatements. In reply Count
von Waldersee informs me that he is unable
now to say where he derived his authority
for inserting the word " not," and that he
drew attention to the matter by adding
" (sic !) " to tlje copy. Count von Walder-
see adds that he will take the opportunity of
publishing this correction in a musical paper.
Wm. Barclay Squire.
iKnsical (5ossip.
There was a good attendance at Miss
Maud MacCarthy's second violin recital on
Tuesday afternoon at Queen's Hall. The
programme began with Beethoven's Romance
in f, which was rendered with great charm
and delicacy. The second number was
Bach's ' Cliaconne ' The rendering of this
exacting work, though in many respects
praiseworthy, lacked strength and decision:
an apology, however, was made for the gifted
lady, who was suffering from t lie effects of a
severe attack of influenza.
Mlle. Camii.ee Landi's vocal recital at
the Bechstein Hall last Saturday afternoon
attracted a very large audience. The gifted
artist sang Haydn's charming canzonet
4 The Wanderer,' though with French words ;
while French versions were also used for
Brahms's two songs with viola obbligato
(Mr. Alfred Hobday). Why this was done
is difficult to understand, as Mile. Landi
sang songs by Bach, Hugo Wolf, and Herr
Max Reger in German. Her rendering of
Scarlatti's " Per te vive " was piquant,
that of ' L' Apparition de Pallas ' from
Saint-Saens's ' Helene ' highly dramatic,
while in the German songs of Reger and
Wolf she was most successful. Reger's
' Mein Traum ' is very charming, and not
like many of his compositions, in which
there is more of art than of nature.
A successful concert was given by the
pupils of Madame Eugenie Joachim Gibson
at the Guildhall School of Music on Monday.
Of the pupils we would mention Miss Bar-
well Holbrook and Miss Edith Romea,
both of whom have very good and well-
trained voices. The programme included
a '*, Song Play," ' The Garden,' the graceful
music by Mr. Richard H. Walthew. The
orchestia was under the direction of Dr.
W. H. Cummings.
The concerts of the Garde Republicaine
at Covent Garden are being given for the
benefit of various French charities in London,
and for the Hilda disaster and Unemployed
funds.
The programme of the first concert of
the Philharmonic Society at Queen's Hall
on the 27th inst. includes Herr Felix Wein-
gartner's Symphony in G, Op. 23, announced
to be given for the first time " in London " ;
it appears to have been first performed in
England at one of the Symphony Concerts
at Bournemouth under the direction of Mr.
Dan Godfrey. The following works are to
be given during the season : a pianoforte
concerto (in one movement), first perform-
ance, by Mr. York Bowen ; a second set of
' Four Old English Dances,' by Dr. Cowen ;
Sir Charles Stanford's Second Irish Rhapsody
and ' Orchestral Variations on an African
Theme,' by Mr. Coleridge Taylor, first per-
formance.
In connexion with the British music
recently performed at Paris, it may be inter-
esting "to note that in The Athcncvum of
March 23rd, 1867, English music is said to
be " at last creeping into Paris." Pasdeloup.
it appears, had given at his concerts two of
Wallace's overtures, also Bishop's ' Bon
Soir,' i.e., probably a French version of
'" Sleep, gentle lady,'" a serenade in ' Clari.'
The anniversary of the 150th birthday of
Mozart was celebrated throughout Germany,
and in various ways. The programme of
the concert given by the Singkranz at Heil-
bronn on January 25th was by no means one
of the least interesting. A large portion of
it was devoted to youthful works of the
composer : a Kyrie for mixed choir, with
accompaniment of strings, written at the
age of ten : the soprano aria. '* Conservati
tedele." composed at the Hague for the
Princess of Weilburg in the same year
(1766); also fragments from the operetta
' Bastien and Bastienne ' of 1768.
The 16th of January was the twentieth
anniversary of the death of Almicare Pon-
chielli, composer of ' La Gioconda ' and 'I
Promessi Sposi.' and in memoriam Annibal
Ponchielli is preparing for the press some
of his father's unpublished compositions.
M. Saint-Saens's new opera * L'Ancetre '
will be produced at Monte-Carlo on Saturday
next, and will be repeated on the 25th and
27th. and on March 8th.
A MONUMENT in memory of Verdi, by the
sculptor Laforet. has been erected OP the San
Giovanni Square, Trieste. The inauguration
took place on January 27th. For this city
the composer wrote 'II (oi'Miro ' in 184S,
and 'Stiffelio' in 18f>0. It was there, too,
that the father of Verdi's second wife, la
Strepponi, was maestro al cembalo at the
Grand Theatre. La Strepponi also made
her debut there in 1835 in Rossini's ' Matilde
di Chabran.'
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Garde
Six.
JlOTt.
Tces.
Wed.
ThUBS.
Fiu.
RepuMieaine — Sunday and every Evening. 8, Covent Garden
—Abo Mutinies, 3, Sunday, Wednesday, and Saturday.
Sunday Society Concert, 8.30, Queen's Hall.
Sunday League Concert, 7, Queen's Hull.
H. I'elafosse s Orchestral Concert. :1. Queen's Hall.
tondon Choral Society. 8, Queen's Hall.
Mr. 1>. F. Tov.-y s Pianoforte Recital, s.lo. Broadwood's.
Miss Kathleen ChabOt b Pianoforte Recital, s.so, .Eolian HalL
Nora Clench Quartet, 8.30, Bechstein Hall
M. Haurel's Vocal Recital, 3, Bechstein Hall.
Miss Kate Parker's Orchestra] Concert. 8, Queen's Hall.
Hiss Irene s.harrcr's Pianoforte Recital. B, .Eolian Hall.
Miss Grace Thynne s Violin Recital, &30, Bechstein Hall.
Royal Academy Concert. S, Queens Hall.
Me k:n-.. SetheG VicliE K .ii 1 ]V.h.i..,i H-.ll.
Miss Gertrude Poster's Pianoforte Recital. 8, Bechstein HalL
London Symphony Orchestra, ::, Queens Hall.
Sunderland-ThistletonOld Chamber Music Concert, 4, Conduit
Street.
Herr Hegedtls's Violin Recital. 9 15, Queen's Hall.
Miss Jerome and M. Zacharewi tech's Vocal and Violin Recital.
8, Bechstein Hall,
vvr. Chappell'a Ballad Concert. S, Queen's Hall
— Miss Mary Cracroft's Concert, ■'. .F.olian Hall
— Popular Concert for children and Young Students, ."•. Steinway
— Mr. 1>. F. Tovey's Pianoforte Recital, s, Broadwood'a
DRAMA
THE WEEK.
Shaftesbury. — A Gilded Fool : Comedy
in Four Acts. By Henry Guy Carleton.
' A Gilded Fool,' with which Mr. Nat
Goodwin begins a temporary tenure of the
Shaftesbury, readies us with something
of a reputation from America. Since the
notion, which is better suited to the United
States, is now laid in England, it is per-
missible to believe, though we are without
information on the subject, that some
species of adaptation has been accom-
plished. It is, however, a matter of little
importance, since the work, if moderately
sympathetic, is of no literary or dramatic
account. Its only object appears to be
to show Chauncey Short, its hero — appa-
rently designed for Mr. Goodwin — like
Sir Simple Simon, " not such a fool as lie
looks." Chauncey Short is a multi-
millionaire upon whom a shark of an
adventurer has cast greedy eyes. A
simpleton according to appearance and
his own avowal, the hero, so soon as he
finds himself in the grip of a scoundrel,
displays resourcefulness, self - control,
astuteness, and other qualities which fit
him to run for the Presidency instead of
remaining an outsider in life's race. A
love interest is added, in the course of
which a lady to whom the hero's millions
constitute a drawback is conquered, if not
exactly by " doughty deeds." at least
by devotion and self-sacrifice so exem-
plary as may well compensate for the
retention of his embarrassing millions.
Mr. Goodwin plays the hero with a satis-
factory amount of whimsicality and senti-
ment. One or two capable actors are com-
prised in the cast but are provided with
parts which furnish them with a minimum
of opportunity.
New Royalty. — Les Surprises du Divorce,
<n Trois Act**. Par Alexandre BissOD
ct Antony Mars. — Insurrection : Phi;/
in a Prologue and Fire Arts. From
Tolstoi's Novel by Henry Bataille.
The lightest, and in some respects the
plcasantest . portion of the season of French
plays ended with the departure of Mile.
212
Til K ATIIENyEUM
N° 408(1, Feb. 17, 1906
Thorn imrin. followed after brief pause by
that uf If. QeJipauz. During ber short
stay the former had established herself as
the prettiesl and most, gracious comSdienne
of modem days, the possessor of b Bpeoies
of apUgUrit to which the English
public ia always susoeptible. Tlic battel
showed liiinsrlf a capable and a versatile
actor, the master of a species of unbridled
fun. For the last entertainment of M.
Galipauz was chosen a singularly rollick-
ing and old-fashioned farce, now beginning
to set in a little out of date. First pro-
duced in Paris at the Vaudeville on
Manh 2nd, L888, with M. Jolly as the
hero. ' Lee Surprises du Divorce ' was
given by M. Cbquelin on April 10th of the
same year: and an adaptation by Mr. Syd-
ney Grundy, entitled ' Mama,' served for
the opening of the newly rebuilt Court
Theatre, the principal parts on that occa-
sion being assigned Mr. John Hare and
Mrs. John Wood. In recklessness of
drollery M. Galipaux surpasses his prede-
cessors, but his performance, like the
piece itself, defies criticism. Mile. Feriel,
a French actress born in Spain, made a
favourable impression as Diane.
From M. Bataille's workmanlike render-
ing of ' Resurrection,' produced at the
Odeon on November 14th, 1902, was
drawn the English version by Mr. Michael
Morton, given the following February at
His Majesty s. The original was produced
on Monday at the Royalty, with Mile.
Berthe Bady as the heroine, and with a
cast stronger on the whole than that with
which it was first seen. A pleasing and
engaging actress, Mile. Bady played in
the prologue with much grace and tender-
ness, and showed in the later scenes much
melodramatic grip. In no respect did the
general performance surpass that still
remembered at His Majesty's.
Dramatic (Sossip.
This evening witnesses at the Waldorf the
first of the performances of " classic "
comedy to be given by Mr. Cyril Maude.
' She Stoops to Conquer ' is substituted for
' The Heir-at-Law.' In this Mr. Maude
will be old Hardcastle ; Miss Winifred
Emery, Miss Hardcastle; Miss. Beatrice
Femur, Constantia Neville ; and Mrs. Charles
Calvert, Mrs. Hardcastle. Mr. Paul Arthur
will be Young Marlow. A new departure
will be made by Mr. Sydney Brough, who
will play Tony Lumpkin. To show that
cul) as a youngster is a desirable innovation.
Mr. Martin Harvey is to be seen in
London during the spring in a revival of
'The Corsican Brothers,' and also in a
romantic piece by Mr. K. M. Dix and Mr.
E. (.'•. Sutherland, entitled 'The Rapparee
Trooper.'
A BBVTVAX of ' Measure for Measure ' is
promised at the Adelphi for Easter. Miss
Lily Brayton will be Isabella, and Mr.
Oscar Asche, Angelo. The play has scarcely
been seen since the memorable revival of it
at the Haymarket in 187G, with Miss Neilson
a- Isabella.
' The Alabaster Staircase ' is the title
of the new piece by Capt. Marshall, in which,
at the Comedy, Mr. Hare will appear next
Wednesday as an English Prime Minister.
Bib Chabx.es Wyxdkam promises a
revival <>t 'The Candidate,' an adaptation,
by -Mr. Justin lluntlv .McCarthy, of ' I -•
Depute* de Bombignao1 of M. Bisson,
played at the Criterion on November 2nd,
1884. The piece will, it is said, bo brought
" up to date."
Di him; the week 'The Prodigal Bon '
has been given at the Camden Theatre,
with a east including Miss Alma Murray,
Bliss Lily Hall Caine, and Mr. Norman
Partridge.
Om: consolation may be found by the
cynic in the fact that the appropriation by
tlie music-halls of dramatic "turns" soems
likely to free entirely the regular theatre
from the incubus of the burlesque. It i>
at the Coliseum that the burlesque of ' Nero '
is being given.
' The Voysey Inheritance ' was revived
on Monday at the Court Theatre, with a
cast including the author, Mr. Granville
Barker, but differing in many respects from
that with which it was presented at the
same house in November last.
' Major Barbara ' has also resumed its
place for a short time, being given on after-
noons on which ' A Question of Ago ' was
expected.
The Cambridge Review announces that the
next Greek play will be a revival by the
Universit y of the ' Eumenides ' of iEschylus,
which was set to music, it may be re-
membered, by Sir Charles Stanford.
Ludwig Speidel, whose death is reported
in his seventy-sixth year, was one of the fore-
most dramatic critics of Vienna, and had few
rivals as a writer of feuilletons ; but he was
too much swayed by his artistic prejudices
to be impartial. Speidel was born at LTlm,
but had lived in Vienna for over fifty years.
To Correspondents. — F. A. — R. P. K.— J. 0. T.-
Keceived.
A. R. H. T.— Too late.
H. & Co. — Next week.
.1. H. I.— Many thanks.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
— ♦ —
Pace
Authors' Agents 185
Bagster & SONS 214
Bell a sons 212
Blackwood & sons 188
CATALOGl ES 185
Chapman & Hall 216
Duckworth a Co 187
Km cation vi 185
Exhibitions 185
Harper & brothers 214
Hurst A Blackett 190
Jarrold & SONS 214
Lane 215
Longmans A Co 188
Sampson Low, Marston & Co 214
Mil Ml I.I. AN & Co 190
Miscellaneous 185
Mi die's Library 186
Murray 216
Notes and Queries 214
Nl TT 216
Publishers' Circular 100
1:. Grant Richards 180
Bales by Auction .. .. lso
Sill nin\v \ mvi 186
Situations Wanted ise
Smith, Elder & Co 818
So( IETIES 185
Type-writers 185
MESSRS. BELLS
NEW BOOKS.
MIN1A TUBE 1 1.1. 1 ST/; A TED CA TALOGUE
postjret on application.
1! tt.., -It. 2$. net.
DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE IN
ENGLAND IX THK SEVENTEENTB
AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURD3& A
tinn of Example* Measured, Drawn and
Photographed for the use of Architects. By
HORACE FIELD and MICHAEL BUNNBY,
With Introduction and Notes.
"The book is one a vomit; architect should have.
It would prove a good intluence and prevent his
running riot." — Manchester Guardian.
NEW EDITION OF
SCRIYENER'S GREEK TESTAMENT.
NOVUM TESTAMENTUM
GRAECE. Edited, with Various Readings,
Parallel Passages, &c., by F. H. A.
SCRIVENER, M.A. D.C.L "LL.D. Fourth
Edition, Revised and Corrected by Prof.
Dr. EB. NESTLE.
Printed on India Paper, limp cloth, 6a. net ; limp
leather, 7s. (id. net ; or interleaved with writing
paper, limp leather, 10s. Qd. net.
Post 8vo, 6s. net.
STUDIES IN POETRY AND
CRITICISM. By J. CHURTON COLLINS.
Content*: — The Poetry and Poets of America —
The Collected Works of Lord Byron— The Collected
Poems of William Watson — The Poetry of Mr.
Gerald Massey — Miltonic Myths and their Authors
— Longinus and Greek Criticism — The True Func-
tions of Poetry.
"We heartily commend this work for a serious
study. Prof. Collins regards both criticism and
poetry more seriously than is at present the fashion,
and he deserves the warm thanks of all who desire
to see those arts placed on a higher plane of thought.
This book should certainly do much to bring about
this end." — Education.
Crown 8vo, 4a 6cZ. net.
BROWNING AND DOGMA. Being
Seven Lectures on Browning's Attitude to
Dogmatic Theology. By ETHEL M. NAISH.
These Lectures are based on the following Works
of Browning -.—Caliban upon Setebos — Cleon —
Bishop Blougram's Apology — Christmas Ere and
Easter Day — La Saisiaz.
Post 8vo, 6s. net.
DRAMATISTS OF TO-DAY. Ros-
tand, Hauptmann, Sudermann, Pinero, Ber-
nard Shaw, Stephen Phillips, Maeterlinck.
Being an Informal Discussion of their sig-
nificant Work. By EDWARD EVERETT
HALE, Jun. [Ready February .'!.
Crown 8vo, Is.
BELL'S FIRST FRENCH READER.
By R. P. ATHERTON, M.A., Assistant
Master at Haileybury College, Author of
' Bell's French Course,' assisted by F. GAL-
LADEVEZE. With Illustrations by French
Artists.
NEW VOLUME OF
THE BRITISH. ABTIST8 SERIES.
TURNER. By W. L. Wyllie, A.R.A.
With 4 Coloured Plates and numerous other
Illustrations. 7& (id. net.
" Every student will read what Mr. Wyllie has
to say, not only with pleasure, but with profit."
Daily Teleyraph.
London: GEORGE BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N°4086, Feb. 17, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
213
SMITH, ELDER & CO.'S ANNOUNCEMENTS.
h March.
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING IN HER LETTERS.
By PERCY LUBBOCK. With «, Photogravure Portrait of Mrs. Browning from a Painting by Mrs. BRIDELL
FOX. Crown 8vo, Is. M. net. [In March.
ROBERT BROWNING AND ALFRED DOMETT. Edited by
FREDERIC G. KENVON, D.Litt. F.B.A. With 3 Photogravure Portraits. Crown 8vo, 5s. net. [Shortly.
A WOMAN OF WIT AND WISDOM : Mrs. Elizabeth Carter,
1717-1S05. By ALICE C. C. GATJSSEN, Author of ' A Later Pepys.' With a Photogravure Frontispiece, Facsimile,
and many Half-Tone Illustrations. Large post 8vo, 7*. Ccf. net. [Shortly.
SEVENTY YEARS' FISHING. By Charles George Barrington,
C.B., formerly Assistant Secretary to the Treasury. With a Photogravure Frontispiece. Small demy 8vo, 10*\ 6rf.
net. [In the press.
THE SMALL GARDEN BEAUTIFUL AND HOW TO MAKE
IT SO. By A. C. CURTIS, Author of 'A New Trafalgar,' &c. With a Coloured Frontispiece, 16 Half-Tone
Illustrations, and several Plans. Small demy Svo, 7*. Crf. [In the press.
THE GATE OF DEATH : a Diary. Crown 8vo, 6s. net. w
WESLEY AND HIS CENTURY : a Study in Spiritual Forces.
By W. H. FITCHETT, B.A. LL.D. With a Photogravure Frontispiece from the Portrait of John Wesley by
Romney, and 4 Facsimiles of Letters, 4c. Small demy 8vo, 6& net. [Shortly.
THE VICTORIAN CHANCELLORS. Vol. I. By J. B. Atlay,
Barrister-at-Law, Author of 'Lord Cochrane's Trial before Lord Ellenborough,' 'Sir Henry Wentworth Acland,
Bart., K.C.B. F.R.S. : a Memoir,' *c. With 6 Portrait Illustrations. Demy Svo, 14s. net. [In the press.
"V The work will be completed in a Second Volume.
WITH MOUNTED INFANTRY IN TIBET. By Major W. J.
OTTLEY. With 48 Pages of Illustrations, including Portraits of General Macdonald and Col. Younghusband.
Small demy Svo, 10s. Crf. net. [Immediately.
THE BALKAN TRAIL. By Frederick Moore. With a Map
and 48 Pages of Illustrations. Small demy Svo, 10s. 6(1. net. [In preparation.
A SUMMER RIDE THROUGH WESTERN TIBET. By Miss
J. E. DUNCAN. With numerous Illustrations and a Map. Demy Svo, 12-s. 6rf. net. [In the press.
A VISION OF INDIA. By Sidney Low. With numerous
Illustrations. Small demy Svo, 10s. 6rf. net. [In tlie press.
AUGUSTUS AUSTEN LEIGH, Provost of King's College,
Cambridge: a Record of College Reform. By WILLIAM AUSTEN LEIGH, Fellow of King's. With
Portraits. Small demy Svo, 10s. 6d. net. [In preparation.
FROM A COLLEGE WINDOW. By Arthur Christopher Benson,
Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge. Large post Svo, 7s. 6d. net. II n the press.
THE HISTORY OF "THE FOURTH PARTY."
With a Reproduction of the Cartoon of ' The Fourth Party ' from Vanity Fair as Frontispiece, and a Facsimile Letter
from the late Lord Salisbury to Sir Henry Drummond Wolff. Large post Svo, 7s. 6d. net.
THE FOURTH PARTY. By Harold E. Gorst. With a Preface
by sir JOHN GORST.
SPHERE. — "Mr. Gorat has told with eTeat effect the story of that episode in English political life which is so
exciting to all of us who are old enough to remember it."
MEMOIR OF SIR HENRY KEPPEL, G.C.B., Admiral of the
Fleet. By the Right Hon. Sir ALGERNON WEST, G.C.B. With Portraits and Illustrations. Large post Svo,
7s. (id. net.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
WESTMINSTER GAZETTE.—" In all respects the bright, breezy, irresistible book it should be."
LEAVES FROM THE DIARY OF HENRY GREVILLE.
FOURTH SERIES. By ALICE, COUNTESS OF STRAFFORD. With an Index to the Four Series. Svo, 14*.
GUARDIAN. — "There is much information and much entertainment to be gathered from these pages. .. .We only
wish that we might hope for yet another volume."
Note.— The Three previous Series are in print, and can be supplied, price 14*. each.
PALL MALL GAZETTE.— "The best 3*. W. series in the market."
Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d. each volume.
THE WATERLOO LIBRARY.
This Series comprises some of the best works of Modern Authors. The Volumes are well printed, and issued in B
neat cloth binding of special design.
NKW VOLUMES IN PREPARATION.
THE LOG OF A SEA WAIF : being Recollections of the First Four Years
Of my Sea-Life. By FRANK T. BULLEN, F.R.O.S. With 8 Full-Page Illustrations by ARTHUR TWIDLEL
THE BRASS BOTTLE. By F. Anstey. With a Frontispiece.
THE GAMEKEEPER AT HOME; or, Sketches of Natural History,
Poaching, and Rural Life. By RICHARD .IKKKKRIES. With numerous Illustrations.
SIX-SHILLING NOVELS
IN THE PRESS.
THE POISON OF TONGUES.
By M. E. CARR,
Author of ' Love and Honour,' and ' George Goring's
Daughters.' [On February 20*
BROWNJOHN'S.
By Mrs. PERCY DEARMER,
Author of ' The Orangery : a Comedv of Tears,* ' The
Difficult Way,' Ac. " [On February 26,
ALSO A THIRD IMPRESSION OF
MRS. DEARMER'S NOYEL,
THE DIFFICULT WAY.
SPECTATOR.— "A. work of exalted aim and great
artistic excellence."
MR. BAXTER, SPORTSMAN.
By CHARLES FIELDING MARSH,
Author of ' God's Scholars.' [In MarcTi.
OLD MR LOVELACE :
A Sketch in Four Parts.
By CHRISTIAN TEARLE,
Author of ' The Vice-Chancellor's Ward,' &c. [In March.
IF YOUTH BUT KNEW.
By AGNES and EGERTON CASTLE,
Authors of 'The Secret Orchard,' 'The Star Dreamer,''
'Rose of the World,' ' French Nan,' &c.
With 16 Hlustrations by Mr. LANCELOT SPEED.
[On April 2.
CLEMENCY SHAFT0.
By FRANCES C. BURMESTER,
Author of 'John Lott's Alice,' ' A November Cry,' &c
SALTED ALMONDS.
By F. ANSTEY,
Author of 'Vice Versa,' ' A Fallen Idol,' 'The Brass
Bottle,' &C
*»* A collection of stories and sketches full of fantastic
humour, chiefly from the columns of Punch.
AMELIA AND THE DOCTOR.
By HORACE G. HUTCHINSON,
Author of 'Two Moods of a Man,' ' Crowlwough
Beacon,' Ac.
MR. G. F. BRADBYS NEW YOLUME.
ON FEBRUARY 20. Crown 8vo, 8*. <kl.
DICK : a Story without a Plot.
By G. F. BRADBY,
Author of ' Joshua Newings ; or. The Love Bacillus,' and
'The Marquis's Eye.'
THE PRINCESS PRISCILLA'S
FORTNIGHT.
By the Author of
' Elizabeth and her German Garden.'
Crown Svo, St.
FOURTH IMPRESSION.
SPECTATOR.— "Priacflla is one of the most engaging
characters we have met in fiction for yean."
THE FIRST MRS.MOLLIVAR.
By EDITH AYRTOX ZANGWLLL.
Crown Svo, 6a
SECOND IMPRESSION.
DAILY NEWS. — "TIM portrayal Of the grim occurrence."
which, capable of natural explanation, yet teem t ragicall]
supernatural, show Mrs. Zaogwil] bo be a writer of in creaafng
force."
London: SMITH, ELDER & CO. 15, Waterloo Place, S.W.
214
THE ATHEN^UM
N°4086, Feb. 17, 1906
HARPER & BROTHERS'
ANNOUNCEMENTS.
EVOLUTION
THE MASTEK KEY.
By Dr. C. W. SALEEBY. Demy Bvo, 7* 6d
Mr. Saleeby's aim is to develop and illustrate Mr. Herbert
Spencer's evolution theories, t<> show how every newly
discovered tiling tits into these theoriea Tims he deals
■with new sciences 'and the results <>f the latest investiga-
tions, and points to evolution as the key to .ill systematic
Inquiry into truth.
FICTION.
''Entirety different from Sherlock Holmes."
THE LONG ARM.
By s. M. GARDENHIRE, Author of 'The Silence of
Mrs. Harrold,' &c- Crown 8vo, illustrated, Qs.
TRAVELLING THIRDS.
6ft GERTRUDE ATIIKRTOX.
I Xinth Impression.
THE DEBTOR.
6& MARY E. WELKINS.
[Fifth Impression.
THE CONQUEST OF CANAAN.
Ca BOOTH TARKINGTON.
[Sixth Impression.
URSULA RAVEN.
C.-'. THEODORA WILSON" WILSON.
THE COMING OF BILLY.
5*. MARGARET WESTRUP.
[Second Impression.
THE TRIDENT AND THE NET.
7*. C'l. Author of ' Martyrdom of an Empress.'
i Third Impression.
HARPER & BROTHERS,
4."). Albemarle Street. W.
JARROLD & SONS' NEW BOOKS.
JUST ISSUED.
LIMITED EDITION OF 500 COPIES ONLY.
THE NORWICH SCHOOL
OF PAINTING.
By WILLIAM FREDERICK DK'KES.
Being an Account of the Norwich Exhibitions, with the
Lives of the Painters, Lists of their respective Exhibits, and
accurate Descriptions of their Pictures.
PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED IN THE TEXT
AND WITH
TWENTY FULL-PAGE PHOTOGRAVURES.
Size, royal (piarto.
The Special Edition is Limited to 100 Copies, and is hand-
somely hound, having 20 Photogravures printed on India
paper, including Duplicate Set of Photogravures for
training, 61 6s. net.
The Cheaper Edition is Limited to 100 Copies, including
20 Photogravures on ordinary paper, -21. 2s. net.
Each Copy of the Editions is Numbered.
With :i vi :•«■ >t tfc; practical utility f thic work tin- Vi.-tum: of
which some hundreds are carefully described, are arranged as far u^
possible under their several dates, preceded bythe Exhibition Lists. .i
■ each year. Full indexes of pictures, owners, past and present are added.
JUST PUBLISHED.
BY AUTHORITY OF THE CORPORATION OF
NORWICH. In Two Volumes.
THE RECORDS OF THE
CITY OF NORWICH.
Volume I. Now Ready, 25*. net, postage Gd.
Compiled and Edited by the
Rev. WILLIAM HUDSON, .M.A. F.S.A.,
Editorial Secretary of the Norfolk and Norwich Archaeo-
logical Society, Author of 'Leet Jurisdiction in the City of
Norwich,' 'How the City of Norwich (irew into Shape,' Ac.
AND
JOHN COTTTNGHAM TINGEY, M.A. F.S.A.,
Author of ' Norfolk County Enrolments,' Ac.
The Edition is limited to 600 Copies, of which 100 Copies
-are reserved for the future use of the Norwich Corporation.
The Norwich Muniment lto<,ni is, perhaps, richer than thai of any
other city in the kingdom in its records dating back to tin- twelfth
century. These, under the guidance of the two mentioned antiquarian
<sj*rtu, bait- been arranged ami put into order.
London :
■ JARROLD & SONS, 10 and 11, Warwick Lane, E.C.
AS AUTHORIZED TO BE USED BY
BRITISH SUBJECTS.
THE
NATIONAL FLAG,
BEING
THE UNION JACK.
COPIES OF
NOTES AND QUERIES
For JUNE 30, 1900.
Can still be had, Is. \d. free by post, con-
taining an Account of the Flag, with
Coloured Illustration according to Scale.
JOHN C. FRANCIS & J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
Notes (turf Queries Office, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
NOW READY.
Price 10s. Qd. net.
THE
NINTH SERIES
GENERAL INDEX
OF
NOTES AND QUERIES.
With Introduction by
JOSEPH KNIGHT, F.S.A.
This Index is double the size of previous ones, as
it contains, in addition to the usual Index of
Subjects, the Names and Pseudonyms of Writers,
with a List of their Contributions. The number of
constant Contributors exceeds eleven hundred.
The Publisher reserves the right of increasing the
price of the volume at any time. The number
printed is limited, and the type has been
distributed.
Free by post, 10s. Ud.
JOHN C. FRANCIS & J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
Xoles and Queries Office, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
N
WILL BE PUBLISHED MONDAY m:.\t n;i.r.l \ii'>
Tin: MXTY FIRST ANNUAL ISSUE OF T1IF.
NEWSPAPER PRE8S DIRECTORY, 1906,
ASD ADVERTISER'S OUTDB.
ga, HI t ; l«.rt free. '.> ijd.
C. MIT< HELL ACO,
British, < ..l..i.ial. and Foreign AdrcttSstnf AgeaU,
Ilitchell Boose, 1 and - Snow Hill. Holl«.rn Via.lnct. U.n.lon.
T
EACHERS S( aiPTURAL LIBRARY.
Pilot Btxpenoi eai '» net*
By w. T. LYNN li.A. F.lt.A s
1. BRIEF LESSONS ON THE PARABLES AND
MIRACLES OF OUR LORD. The First Part (..main- abort
Expositions ..f the Parable*, ai ranged according to Date : in the
Second, the Mir;.. I. - are treated under the heads ..f the Regions
in which tiny were irronght Willi T»u Qtastnt
•2. EMINENT SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS:
:i s. ij, -,.f Biographical Studies in the Old and Xe» Test
Illustrate.! hy six \ 'iewsof Biblical Scenes, which w 11. it i« hoped,
!«• found useful to all who are inter. steJ in the stud; of U>< Holy
Scripture.
PnbUsfaed by BTONEMAN, at, Paternoster Sanaa l l
TENTH BDITION, price Two SWU
CELESTIAL MOTIONS: a Handy Book of
Astronomy. Tenth Edition. With 3 Plates. By W. T. LTNN
B.A. F.lt.A.s.
" Well known as one of our l>eRt introductions to astronomy.'
'tin.
London :
SAMPSON Low. HAR8TON i CO., Limited, 15a. Paternoster Row.
SEVENTH EDITION, fcap. Bvo, cloth, price Sixpence.
EEMARKABLE ECLIPSES : a Sketch of the
mo>t interesting < Srcumstaacee connected with the ' Ibeerratiaa
of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, Loth in Ancient and Modern Times. By
\V. T.LTNN, li.A. F.K O.
Ix.ii. Ion :
SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON s CO., Limited, 15 \, Paternoster Raw.
TWELFTH EDITION Jl'ST OUT. price Sixpence, cloth.
REMARKABLE COMETS: a Brief Survey of
the most interesting Facts in the History of Oomehtr]
nomy. By W. T. LTNN, B.A. F.lt.A s.
London :
SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 16, Paternoster Row.
A
FOURTH EDITION, Rerisel to 1906, NOW READY.
Fcap. Bvo, cloth, price Sixpence.
STRONOMY FOR THE YOUNG.
By W. T. LYNN. B.A. F.K. A -
Loiulon :
SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited. 15, Paternoster B iw.
For Acidity of the Stomach.
For Heartburn and Headache.
For Gout and Indigestion.
D
INNEFORD'S
31 A ,;
N E S I A.
For Sour Eructations and Bilious Affe.
A Safe anil most effective Aperient for
regular use.
ilnsuranrt (tompanirs.
ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS, SICKNESS,
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, BURGLARY. AND
FIDELITY GUARANTEE RISKS
INSURED AGAINST BY THE
"DAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
Capital (fuUy subscribed n. "■'".""". Claims paid <5,00O.0Q0.
64, CORNHILL, LONDON.
"V" A T I 0 N A L
EstahJ
A. VIAN. Secretary.
PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION
FOR MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE.
[1835.
Accumulated Fund over
Paid in Claims more than
£6,000.1X10
jLl-J,4O0,00O
PROFITS.
These are divided even live vears solelv amongst the
Assured. At the 1002 Division a ("ash Profit of t7Cl.«0-2 was
apportioned amongst the members, being considerably more
than one-third of the amount paid in premiums during the
previous five years.
KNUOWMKNT-ASSFRANt K.
Policies are issued, combining Life Assurance at minimum
cost with provision for old age, and are singularly advan-
tageous. L. F. BOTOX,
Actuary and Secretary.
48, Gracechurch Street, London, K.C.
Applications for Agencies invited.
N° 4086, Feb. 17, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
215
DAVID NUTT,
57-59, LONG ACRE.
— ♦ — ■
THE CLASSICAL REVIEW.
Editor : J. P. POSTGATE. 54, Batemun Street,
Cambridge.
Associates. England : H. B. WALTERS, British Museum
(Archeology). America . WM, GARDNER HALE,
University of Chicago, T. D. SEYMOUR, Yale
University, and J. H. WRIGHT, Harvard
University.
Vol. XX. FEBRUARY. Xo. 1, 3*. net.
Contents.
EDITORIAL AND GENERAL.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS :—
Apostrophe in Homer— A Rejoinder. R. M. HENRY.
Colonus Hippius. L. CAMPBELL.
Adversaria. T. W. ALLEN.
Platonica. VII. HERBERT RICHARDS.
Platonica. R. G. BURY.
An Emendation of Isocrates, Panegyric HO. ARTHUR
PL ATT.
A Correction in Aristotle, 'Nicomachean Ethics IV.,'
1128 A 27. J. S. PHILLIMORE.
Ad Epictetum. A. J. KRONENBERG (Continued).
Notes on the Erotici Graeci. H. RICHARDS.
A Supposed Qualification for Election to the Spartan
Senate. R. D. HICKS.
An Unrecorded Attic Colony in Euboea ? LEWIS R.
FARNELL.
The Relation of the Resolved Arsis and Resolved Thesis
in Plautus to the Prose Accent. CHARLES
EXON.
The Silvae of Statins. A. E. HOUSMAN.
Quintilian's Quotations from the Latin Poets.
CHARLES N. COLE.
The 'Tributum Capitis.' C. F. BALLE1NE.
REVIEWS:—
Reinach's ' Greek and Demotic Papyri.' F. G.
KENYON.
Bonner's ' Evidence in Athenian Courts.' W. WYSE.
Ways 'Odyssey.' ARTHUR PLATT.
Burghcleres and Cromer's Classical Translations. J.
GOW.
Marx's 'Lucilius' (Second Notice). W. M. LINDSAY.
Clark's 'Orations of Cicero.' J. E. SANDYS.
\Y>sereau's 'Aetna.' ROBINSON ELLIS.
Hennings's ' Odyssee.' Prof. P. D. CH. HENNINGS.
CORRESPONDENCE :—
Live and Pictorial Illustration. W. WYSK.
REPORTS :—
Proceedings of the Oxford Philological Society. —
Michaelmas Term, 1905. A. H. J. GREENIDGE.
The Classical Association (of England and Wales].
VERSION:—
Bood's' The Death-Bed.' G. DUNN.
ARCH.EOLOGY: —
Thranite, Zugite, and Thalamite. W. W. TARN.
The Temples of Castor and of Concord in the Roman
Forum. ALBERT W. VAN Bl'RE.V
Waldstein's ' Argive Ileiteuin.' W. H. D. ROl'SE.
Walter's 'Ancient Pottery.' JANE E. HARBISON
The Hunterian Coin Catalogue, o. F. HILL
Monthly Record. F. H. MARSHALL
Arclueological Summaries. H. I>. W.
SUMMARIES OK PERIODICALS.
BOOKS RECEIVED.
V Subs, riptions for the CLASSICAL REVIEW (13a <Hi.
post free) are now due. The price of the numbers bought
singly is is*, exclusive of postage, so that a considerable
Baring is effected by Subscription.
JUST OUT.
A REALIST OF THE JEGEAN.
The Mimes rjf Herodae metrically translated
by H. SHARPLEV, M.A. Crown 8vo, cloth,
2*. M. net.
THE PLACE NAMES OF ARGYLL.
By H. CAMERON GILLIES, M.I). With
Preface by the DUKE of ARGYLL, Demy
Bvo, xx vi 27.*? pp., cloth, gilt top, *v. (>/. net.
*»* Issued under the auspics of the London
Argyllshire Assix.-iation.
BY THE NEW EDITOR OF 'PUNCH.'
THE BATTLE OF THE BATS.
Fcap. 8vo, 3*. Crf. net. Eighth Edition.
HORACE AT CAMBRIDGE.
Fcap. Svo, 3*. 6<7. net. New and Revised Edition.
IN CAP AND BELLS.
Fcap. Svo, 3*. 6d. net. Fourth Edition.
BY OWEN SEAMAN.
Mr. G. S. street, in PALL MALL MAGA-
ZINE.— " Calverley had not, or did not show in his
verses, Mr. Seaman's critical acuteness and depth.
... .As a critic in the form of parody, Mr. Seaman
is without a rival.''
A NEW YOLUME BY THE AUTHOR OF
' KITWYRV
THE CHAMPAGNE
STANDARD.
By Mrs. JOHN LANK. Crown Svo, 6s.
SECOND EDITION.
PALL MALL GAZETTE. —"Sirs. Line's papers on
our social manners and foibles are the most entertaining,
the kindest, and the truest that have been offered us fur
a long time. . . .The honk shows an airy philosophy that will
render it of service to the social student."
DAILY MAIL. — " Mrs. Lane has succeeded in beim;
both pungent and witty without a trace of the bitterness
to which the satirist is licensed.''
DAILY yEWS. — "X\\ her latest volume Mrs. Lane pre-
sents herself as the breezy satirist of society. Her equip-
ment for the task is exceptional."
Mr. James Doiolas, in STAR.— " Mrs. Line has the
American quality of racy candour, and her style crackles
with Transatlantic originality. She has also the gift of
humour and high spirits. . . .She startles you and stimulates
you."
MOORISH REMAINS IN SPAIN.
Bv A. F. CALVERT, Author of 'The Alhambra,' 'The
Life of Cervantes,' &C. With 80 Coloured Plates.
200 Black-and-White Illustrations, ami 200 Diagrams,
crown 4to, 42s. net.
IMPRESSIONS OF
JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE
AND THE ALLIED ARTS.
By RALPH ADAMS CRAM, F.R.G.s.. Fellow of the
American Institute of Architects, and Member of the
Society of Aits, London. With 60 Illustrations Repro-
duced from Photographs. Demy Svo, 10s. 0<<. net.
THE LIFE OF PETER ILICH
TCHAIKOVSKY, 1840-1893.
By his Brother, MODESTK TCHAIKOVSKY. Trans-
lated, Edited, and Arranged from the Russian Edition
by ROSA NEWMARCH. With numerous Illustrations
and Facsimiles, an Introduction, and Notes by the
Editor. Deniv Svo, -Zln. net.
THE DUKE OF REICHSTADT
(Napoleon II.) A Biographv compiled from New
Sources of Information. By KDWARD DK WER-
TIIK1MKR. With numerous illustrations, i Photo-
gravure Portraits, and a Facsimile Letter. Deni\ 8vo,
218. net. Second Edition.
THE COMING OF LOVE :
RHONA BOSWELL'S STORY (a Sequel to 'Alywin').
and other I'oenis. The Seventh Edition, with Fresh
Matter, including Prefaces and Revisions. By THEO-
DORE WATTS- DCNTON. With a Photogravure
Portrait of the Author after Rossetti and a Preface by
the Author. Crown s\o, .">*■. net.
HERETICS.
ByG. K. CHESTERTON, Author of 'The Napoleon of
Notting Hill.' Crown Svo. 5& net. Third Edition.
MOUNTAIN LOVERS.
By FIONA MACLEOD. Crown Svo, i
THE LOVE CHILD.
A Novel of Australian Life. By T. B. CLEQG. Crown
8vo, 6». Second Edition.
THE HOUSE BY THE BRIDGE.
A Novel. By M. G. 1. AVION. Crown 8vo. 6*.
[Heady February tt.
THE COUNTRY COTTAGE.
By GEORGE LLEWELLYN MORRIS and ESTHER
wood. Numerous Illustrations. Fcap. Bvo, 8c net.
THE WINTER GARDEN.
Bj n. S. i flSH, of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edin-
burgh. Grown svo, -i*. o</. net.
THEODOR LESCHETIZKY.
By A. HULLAH. Crown Svo, tt, (id. net. A New
Volume in the " Living Masters of Music."
JOHN LANK, The Bodley Head, Vigo street, W,
MR. MURRAY'S
NEW BOOKS.
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF
GIOVANNI ANTONIO BAZZI,
1477-1549.
(HITHERTO USUALLY STYLED "SODOMA."}-
By R. H. HOBART CUST. With numerous Elua.
trations. Demy Svo, 21s. net.
THE THREE DORSET CAPTAINS AT
TRAFALGAR.
THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF
THOMAS MASTERMAN
HARDY,
WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF HIS COMRADES,.
CHARLES BULLEN AND HENRY DRJBY.
By A. M. BROADLEY. Author of ' Tunis Past
and Present," and 'How We Defended Arabi,' &c,
and R. G. BARTELOT. M.A., Author of the
'History of Crewkerne School.' With Portraits
and other Illustrations. Demy Svo, 15*. net.
[Just out.
MAST AND SAIL
IN EUROPE AND ASIA.
By H. WARINGTON SMYTH, Secretary, Mines
Department, Transvaal, Author of ' Five Years in
Siam.' With numerous Illustrations by the Author.
Medium Svo, 21a. net. [Beady next »■<./:,
Mr. Warington Smyth has hail exceptional opportuni-
ties of studying sailing boats, ana in the practical use of
them in all parts of the world, and this hook is the first
endeavour to describe and classify then) both with [leu and
pencil. It should he of special value and interest to
yachtsmen, sailors, travellers, and artists.
THE ELEVEN EAGLETS OF
THE WEST.
By PAUL FOUNTAIN, Author of 'The Great
North-West.' "The (ireat Deserts and Forests of
North America.' "The Great Mountains and Forests-
of South America," &c. Demv Svo, IQs. Gd. net.
CHEAP EDITION OF CHARLES DARWIN'S
WORKS
MOVEMENTS AND HABITS
OF CLIMBING PLANTS.
With Illustrations. Large crown Svo. 2& 6rf. net.
NEW SIX-SHILLING NOYEL.
THE HATANEE.
By ARTHUR EGGAR. With Frontispiece. <w.
This is ,i remarkable hook: a novel the scene of which
is laid in British Burmah, and the incidents of which arc
based on actual facts. The weird superstitions of the
Burmese form admirable material for a story of this kind.
THREE NEW YOLUMES IN THE
WISDOM OF THE EAST SERIES.
Pott L6mo, I-, net each.
THE INSTRUCTIONS OF
PTAH-H0TEP.
From the Egyptian. Translated with Introduc-
tion l.y BATTISCOMBE <•. GUNN.
THE WISDOM OF ISRAEL.
Being Extracts from the Babylonian Talmud and
Midraah Rabboth. From the Aramaic Translated
with Introduction bj EDWIN COLLINS.
THE CLASSICS OF CONFUCIUS.
THE BOOK OF HISTORY
(SHU-KING).
London; JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street, W.
210
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4086, Feb. 17, 1906
CHAPMAN & HALL'S NEW LIST.
SPRING, 1906.
A NEW WORK ON ROUSSEAU.
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU.
A New Study in Criticism.
By FREDERIKA MACUONALD.
With numerous Illustrations, Facsimiles, &c, 2 vols, demy 8vo, 21#. net.
This book will be found to revolutionize the entire public estimate of the life and
character of Rousseau. Mrs. Macdonald, as the result of some twenty years of assiduous
research, has traced an elaborate network of forgery by which the sources of information
have been polluted, and the character of Rousseau "presented in an absolutely false light.
The revelation of this plot in the pages of her book may be claimed as one of the most
remarkable discoveries in the history of documentary evidence.
AN IMPORTANT HISTORICAL MONOGRAPH.
A FRIEND OF MARIE ANTOINETTE
(Lady Atkyns).
By FREDERIC BARBEY.
With Portraits. Demy 8vo, 10«. Od. net
MR. L. T. HOBHOUSE'S NEW WORK.
MORALS IN EVOLUTION.
By L. T. HOBHOUSE,
Author of 'The Labour Movement,' 'The Theory of Knowledge,' ' Mind in Evolution,1
' Democracy and Reaction,' &c. 2 vols, demy 8vo, 21s net.
A NEW WORK ON THE BALKANS.
BY-PATHS IN THE BALKANS.
By Capt. F. W. VON HERBERT, Author of ' The Defence of Plevna.'
Demy 8vo, 10*. 6d. net
A FASCINATING STUDY OF HERALDRY.
FICTITIOUS CREATURES IN HERALDRY.
By JOHN VINYCOMB.
With numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 10*. 6d. net
THE PRESENT CRICKET TOUR IN AFRICA.
THE M.C.C. IN SOUTH AFRICA.
By P. F. WARNER, Author of ' How we Recovered the Ashes,' *c.
With numerous Illustrations and Portraits. Crown 8vo, 6«.
A YITAL SCIENTIFIC DISCOYERY.
THE ORIGIN OF LIFE.
Its Physical Basis and Definition.
By J. BUTLER BURKE.
With Photographs, Diagrams, <tc. Demy 8vo, 16*. net.
Mr. Butler Burke has at last completed the series of experiments which justify bit
claim to rank as Die discoverer of one of the most astonishing theories promulgated by
modem science. His book will give an entirely new trend to the course of thought and
investigation.
MR. HENRY JAMES'S NEW BOOK.
AMERICA RE-VISITED.
By HENRY JAMES. Demy 8vo, 10«. 6d. net.
A volume of characteristically literary and human impressions of the new influences at
work upon familiar fields.
DR. EMIL REICH'S NEW BOOK.
THE CRITICISM OF LIFE.
By Dr. EMIL REICH,
Author of '.Success among Nations,' 'Foundations of Modern Europe,' 'Imperialism,' Ac
Demy 8vo, 10*. 6rf. net
THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCHOPENHAUER.
THE UNITY OF WILL.
Studies of an Irrationalist.
By G. AINSLIE HIGHT,
Author of ' An Essay on Culture.' Demy 8vo, 10*. 6d. net
A NEW STUDY OF THE ELIZABETHAN DRAMA.
THE SHAKESPEARE SYMPHONY.
An Introduction to the Ethics of the Elizabethan Drama.
By HAROLD BAYLEY,
Author of ' The Tragedy of Sir Francis Bacon,' &c. Demy 8vo, 12*. 6i. net.
MR. CHARLES G. HARPER'S NEW ROAD BOOK.
THE BRIGHTON ROAD.
Speed, Sport, and History on the Classic Highway.
By CHARLES G. HARPER, Demy 8vo. With many Illustrations.
New Edition, re-written and re-illustrated, bringing the story of the Brighton Road
down to date ; including all the later developments of Motor Cars and Sporting events in
Cycling, Running, Pedestrian Matches, <tc.
NEW NOVELS BY POPULAR
BY KEBLE HOWARD.
SMITHS OF SURBIT0N.
A Comedy without a Plot.
By KEBLE HOWARD.
With Illustrations by FRANK REYNOLDS, R.I. Crown 8vo, 6*.
THE
FIFTH EDITION IN THE PRESS, WITHIN A FORTNIGHT OF PUBLICATION.
THE
BY DESMOND F. T. COKE.
BENDING OF A TWIG.
A Story of Shrewsbury Life.
By DESMOND F. T. COKE,
Author of ' Sandford of Merton,' ' The Dog from Clarkson's,' <fec.
With Illustrations from Photographs. Crown 8vo, 6s.
BY ELLA MACMAHON.
AN ELDERLY PERSON, and other Stories.
By ELLA MACMAHON,
Author of 'Oxendale,' 'The Other Son,' ' Jemima,' &c.
Crown 8to, 6*.
BY DR. ARABELLA KENEALY.
AN AMERICAN DUCHESS.
By Dr. ARABELLA KENEALY,
Author of ' Dr. Janet of Harley Street,' ' The Marriage Yoke,' Ac. Crown 8vo, to.
WRITERS.
BY W. SOMERSET MAUGHAM.
THE BISHOPS APRON.
A Study in the Origins of a Great Family.
By W. S. MAUGHAM,
Author of 'Liza of Lambeth,' 'Mrs. Craddock,' 'The Merry-go-Round,' Ac.
Crown 8vo, 6$.
BY FRANCES CAMPBELL.
THE MEASURE OF LIFE.
By FRANCES CAMPBELL,
Author of ' Two Queenslauders and their Friends.' Crown 8to, 6*.
BY MARY STUART BOYD.
THE MISSES MAKE-BELIEVE.
By MARY STUART BOYD,
Author of 'The Man in the Wood,' etc. Crown Svo, 8«.
BY NETTA SYRETT.
NEW VOLUME OF STORIES.
By NETTA SYRETT,
Author of ' A Day's Journey, ' Ac Crown Svo, 6*.
BY MAJOR W. P. DRURY.
MEN AT ARMS.
By MAJOR W. P. DRURY,
Author of 'The Penidventures of Private Pagett,' 'Bearers of the Burden,
' The Passing of the Flagship, &c. Crown Svo, 3*. M.
London: CHAPMAN & HALL, Ltd., 11, Henrietta Street, AY. C.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to "THE EDITOR"— Advertisements and Business Letters to "THE PUBLISHERS "—at the Office, Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.O.
Published Weekly by JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS at Breams Buildings. Chancery Lane. EC. and Printed by J. EDWARD FRANCIS. Athenaeum Press, Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.O.
AgcnU for Scotland, Messrs. BELL & BRADFUTE and Mr. JOHN MENZIES, Edinburgh.— Saturday, February 17. 1906.
THE ATHENAEUM V
Jfmmtal 0! (Knglislj aixh jfflmgn literature, %amtt, tfa Jfin* ^Vrts, ffinm atti tlj* Drama,
. \
No. 4087.
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
BIR I T I S H M U S E U M.—
The READING BOOHS will be CLOSED from THURSDAY,
March 1 to MONDAY, March 5, inclusive,
E. MAUNDE THOMPSON, Director and Principal Librarian.
British Museum, February 20, liKW.
Iforitos.
ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN,
ALBEMARLE STREET. PICCADILLY, W.
r THURSDAY NEXT, March 1, at 5 o'clock, FRANCIS DARWIN.
Esq .. M.A. M.B. For.Sec.R.S., FIRST of THREE LECTURES on
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANTS. Haifa-Guinea the Course.
SATURDAY, March ri. at :: o'clock, Prof. JOSEPH JOHN
THOMSON. M.A. LI..D. D.Sc. F.R.S.. FIRST of SIX LECTURES
on 'THE CORPUSCULAR THEORY OF MATTER. One Guinea.
Subscription for all the Courses in the Season, Two Guineas.
GRESHAM COLLEGE, Basiiwhall Street, E.C.
T— FOUR LECTURES, free to the Public, will be delivered on
MONDAY. TUESDAY. February 26, 27, and THURSDAY, FRIDAY,
March 1, 2, at fi p.m., by W. H. WAGSTAFF. Esq., M.A.. Gresham
Professor of Geometry. Subject: OPTICS, with Special Reference to
Optical Illusions.
READERS' DINNER. —The ANNUAL
DINNER of the LONDON ASSOCIATION OF CORRECTORS
OF THE PRESS, in aid of the Pension Fund of the Association, will
lie held in the EMPIRE HALL of the TROCADERO on SATURDAY,
March :), LORD MONTAGU OF BEAVLI EU in the Chair.— Donations
will be gladlv received at the Office of the Association, 33, Chancery
Lane, W.C.. by the Becretary, Mr. S. F. CRAMPIX, from whom
Tickets for the Dinner may be obtained.
^robtfattt institutions.
"VTEWSVENDORS' BENEVOLENT AND
-*-V PROVIDENT INSTITUTION.
Founded 1839.
Funds exceed 25,0001.
Office : Memorial Hall Buildings, 16, Faxringdon Street, London, E.O.
Patron :
The Right Hon. THE EARL OF ROSEBERY. K.Q. K.T.
President :
The LORD GLENESK.
Treasurer :
THE LONDON AND WESTMINSTER BANK, LIMITED.
A Donation of Ton Guineas eonstitutes a Vice-President and gives
three votes for life at all elections. Each Donation of Three Guineas
gives a vote at all elections for life. Every Annual Subscriber is
entitled to one vote at all elections in respect of each Five Shillings
-co paid.
MEMBERSHIP.— Every Man or Woman throughout the United
Kingdom, whether Publisher, Wholesaler. Retailer, Employer, or
Employed, is entitled to become a Memher of this Institution, and
■enjoy its benefits ujcon payment of Five Shillings annually, or Three
Guineas for life, provided that he or she is engaged in the sale of
■NewsiKiiwrs, and such Members who thus contribute secure priority
of consideration in the event of their needing aid from the Institution.
PENSIONS.— The Annuitants now number Thirty-six, the men
■receiving 25(. and the Women 201. per annum each, and they include :—
The " Royal Victoria Pension Fund.'' which was established in 1387
ind enlarged 111 ISO". 1«01, and 1902, perpetually commemorates the
great advantage* the News Trade enjoyed under the rule of Her bite
Majesty Queen Victoria, provides Pensions of 201. a year each for Six
Widows ,,f Rewsvendors.
The " Francis Fund provides Pensions for One Man, 2.V., and One
Woman 201., and was specially subscribed in memory of the late John
Francis, who died on April 6. 1882, and was for more than fifty years
Publisher of the Athtn/tum. He took an active and leading part
throughout the whole period of the agitation for the repeal of the
various then existing " Taxes on Knowledge," and was for very many
years a staunch supporter of this Institution.
The " Horace Marshall Pension Fund" is the gift of the late Mr.
Horace Brooks Marshall. The employi* of that firm have primary
riu'ht of election to Its benefits, but this privilege not having been
exercised until 1904. the Generul Pensions of the Institution have had
tin- full benefit arising from the interest on this investment from 1887
to 1903.
The "Herbert Lloyd Pension Fund" provides 251. per annum for
one man ; and was established in 1903 in perpetual and grateful
memory of Mr. Herbert Lloyd, who was a generous benefactor of
this Institution, and who died May 12. 1899.
The "Hospital Pensions" consist of an annual contribution.
whereby Sir Henry Charles Burdett and his co-directors generously
enable the Committee to grant 201. for One Year to a Man, under
conditions laid down in Rule 8c.
W. WTLKIE JONES. Secretary.
THE BOOKSELLERS" PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION.
Founded 1817.
Patron -HER MAJESTY QUEEN ALEXANDRA.
I misted Capital. 30.00W.
A UNIQUE INVESTMENT
Offered to London Booksellers and their Assistants.
A young man or woman of twenty five can invest the sum of Twenty
MQuineai tor it» equivalent by Instalments), and obtain the right to
participate In the following advantages :—
FIRST Freedom from want In time of Adversity as long as need
exists.
SECOND. Permanent Relief in Old Age
THIRD. Medical Advice by eminent Physicians and Surgeons.
FOURTH \ Cottage in the Country (Abbots Lmgloy, Hertford-
shire! for aged Members, with garden produce, coal, and medical
attendance free, in addition to an annuity.
FIFTH. A furnished bouse in the same Retreat at Ahleots 1,-engley
for the 11*0 of Members and their families for holidays or during
convalescence.
sixth. A contribution towards Funeral expenses when it is needed.
SEVENTH. All these are available not for Members only, but also
foi t loir wives or widows and young children.
EIGHTH. The payment of the milwcriptions confers an absolute-
tight to these benefits In all cases of need.
For further Information apply to the Secretary M«. GEORGE
.LA It NEB, 28, Paternoster Bow. EC.
0
(B ambitions.
BACH & CO. 1G8, New Bond Street, W.
The Right Hon. Sir JOHN C. DAY'S col. LECTION.
Third Part : DUTCH WATER COLOURS.
Now ON VIEW.
THE BAILLIE GALLERY, 54, Baker Street, W.
-EXHIBITION of PAINTINGS by the LIVERPOOL SCHOOL
of PAINTERS (1810-1887) and WATER COLOURS by OLIVER
H VLL. NOW OPEN, 10-6. Admission (including Catalogue1, Is.
(B&uxational.
T IBRARY ASSOCIATION.— PROFESSIONAL
±J EXAMINATION. -The NEXT PROFESSIONAL EXAMINA-
TION of the LIBRARY ASSOCIATION will be held on MAY 6-11.
Copies of the Syllabus, together with all details, can be obtained on
application to the undersigned, HENRY D. ROBERTS, Hon. See..
Education Committee, Whitcouih House, Whitcomb Street, Pall Mall
East, London, S.W.
FRANCES MARY BUSS MEMORIAL
SCHOLARSHIP.
A TRAVELLING S< HoLARSHTPof 807. will be awarded, in MAY
NEXT, for purposes of Educational Study abroad, to a Woman fully
qualified as a Secondary School Teacher. Candidates should bold ,1) a
University Degree or its equivalent ; (8] a Certificate of Efficiency as a
Teacher; 13) have experience of five years' Teaching in a Secondary
School; e4i should undertake to carrv out a satisfactory Scheme oi
Study abroad and report thereon. Applications, with five copies of not
more than three recent Testimonials, to be made before APRIL 1 to
the SECRETARY, F.M.B. Memorial Scholarship. North London
Collegiate School for Girls, Sandall Road, London, N.W.
EDUCATION (choice of Schools and Tutors
Gratis).— Prospectuses of English ami Continental Schools, and
of successful Army, Civil Service, and University Tutors, sent free of
charge) on receipt of requirements by GRIFFITHS, SMITH.
POWELL & SMITH, School Agents (established 1833), 34, Bedford
Street, Strand. W.C.
I EDUCATION.— PROSPECTUSES and PARTI-
J CULARS of SCHOOLS for HOYS and GIRLS in ENGLAND and
ABROAD, supplied to parents free of charge. State full require-
ments. University Scholastic Agency, 122, Regent Street, London.
Established 1868.
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are Invited to call upon or send fullv detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GABBITAS, THRING & CO..
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. THRING, Nephew of the
late Head Master of Uppingham, 36, Sackvillc Street, London W
Situations Jfacant.
u
NIVKRSITV COLLEGE
ABERYSTWYTH.
OF WALKS,
iA Constituent I ollege of the University ,.f Wales.)
PROFESSORSHIP OF ENGLISH
TheCOUNCIL invite applications for the post of PROFESSOR OF
ENGLISH at the above College, at a Salary of 3007, a year.
Applications, together with seventy five printed copies of T. -ti
monials. must reach the Registrar not later than TUESDAY,
March 13, h">..
Full particulars may be obtained from the undersigned.
J. H. DAV1KS. MA. Registrar.
u
THE VICTORIA
NIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER.
The COUNCIL is prepared to appoint a MISTRESS of METHOD
\Mi ASSISTANT LECTURER IN EDUCATION. Stipend 25W
per annum. — For detailed conditions apply to THE REGISTRAR,
The University. Manchester.
c
0 U N T Y OF L 0 N I) 0 N.
APPOINTMENT OF TEACHER OF SINGING—
Lei- SECONDARY schools
The LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL invites applications for the
appointment of a TEACHER "f SINGING and VOICE PIMDli
TION in the Le.c. SECONDARY schools.
Applicants should be capable of Teaching Iscth the- Staff and the
Tonic Sol fa Notations and also Voice Production,
The Salary attaching to the i>ost will be SOU, a yea]
Applications should be made on the official form, to be obtained from
the- Clerk of the London County Council. Education Offices, \i toria
Embankment, W.C., to whom they must t>c returned not later than
10 lm. on March 7, 1906, accompanied by copies of three Testimonials
of recent elate.
Candidate's applying through the |*c.t for the form of applic
should enclose a stamped and addressed envelope,
Candidate*, other than successful Candidate*, invited to attend the
Committee, will be allowed third class return railway fan. but no
other expenses
Canvassing, either din>tly or Indirectly, will be considered
qualification. O. L. GOMME,
clerk of the London County Coun< (1.
Education Offices, \ Ictoria Embankment. W C.
MEDICAL SECRETARY. WANTED, a
QUALIFIED MEDICAL PRACTITIONER, with
Literary and Journalistic experience, who is prepared to c
least Three- hays a Week, or their equivalent, to the Woik,
Address, stating terms and experience, tee STATESMAN, ere of
Street's, 30, Cornhil), E C.
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
FRANCE.-The ATHEN.EUM can be
obtained at the following Railway Stations
hi France:—
AMIENS. ANTIISES, BEAULIEC-SUR-MER. BIARRITZ BOB-
DEAUX. BOULOGNE. CALAIS, CANNES. DIJON DUNKIRK.
GENEVA, GOLFE-JUAN. HAVRE. HYERES. JUANLESPIN8.
LILLE. LYONS, MARSEILLES. MENTONE, MONACO MONTI
CARLO. NANTES, NICE, PARIS ,Est, Nord, Lyon). PAU ROUEN
SAINT RAPHAEL, TOULON, TOURS.
PARIS : W. H. SMITH & SON, 248, Rue de Rivoli : and at the
GALIGNANI LIBRARY, 234, Rue de Rivoli
BANCROFTS SCHOOL, WOODFORD GREEN,
Essex.— The Court of Assistants of the Drapers" Company,
the Governors of the School, invite applications for the post of
HEAD MASTER, about tee become vacant owing to the resignation,
on account of ill-health, of the Rev. J. E. Svnins, M.A. Applicants
must be between 2s and 40 years of age. Members of the Church of
England (Clerical or Lay), Graduates of a University iu the United
Kingdom, and have had experience iu Teaching. The School
contains about 330 Boys, of whom 100 are foundationers and the
remainder Day-Boys. The Head Master is remunerated by a Salary
and Capitation Fees estimated to produce from 7.">0f. to 8007. per
annum, with the Use of a House free of rent, rates and taxes, and
repairs.— Applications, with copies of Testimonials, must reach the
clerk to the Governors, Drapers' Hall, Throgruorton Street, London,
not later than MARCH 12.
DRINCE HENRY'S GRAMMAR SCHOOL
-L AND PUPIL TEACHERS' CENTRE (MIXED), EVESHAM.
The GOVERNORS of the- above SCHOOL invite applications for the
post of an ASSISTANT MISTRESS, specially qualified to teach
English Language, Literature, and History, with Needlework and
Music (Theory) as subsidiary subjects.
Salary 100/. per annum, non-resident.
Applications, marked "Assistant Mistress for Grammar School."
must l>e sent in to the undersigned, the clerk to the Governors,
together with copies of not more than three Testimonials, on or before
FRIDAY, March 2. 1906.
Further parti-.nlars if rr , lircd -an be obtained on -ii.i [ration to
THE HEAD MASTER, Grammar School, Evesham.
THOS. A. COX.
Town Clerk s Offices, Evesham, F< binary 17. Plot,.
THE COUNCIL of the CHEMICAL .SOCIETY
propose to appoint an EDITOR of the SOCIETY'S PUB-
LICATIONS at a Salary of 300?. per annum. The- Editor will not
be precluded from holding another appointment Applications,
stating qualifications and experii nee, will he received until MARCH ">
by the HONORARY SECRETARIES, Chemical Society, Burlington
House, \Y., from whom the conditions of the appointment may be
obtained.
LIBRARIAN TO THE SOCIETY OF WRITERS
TO HIS MAJESTY'S SIGNET.
The Office of LIBRARIAN to the SOCIETY of WKI
MAJESTY S SIGNET, recently held by the late Ml
Edmond, being NOW VACANT, applications for the 0
panied by twenty-five copies of Testimonials, rn.iv be
before MARCH 20, 1908, to JAMES H. NoTM AN. V,,
Signet, is, Y'ork Place. Edinburgh, < lerk to the Society.
any further information may be obtained.
February 10, 1906.
ITER to HIS
John Philip
Office, aooom-
macle, on or
rVriter to the
from whom
TNDEXER WANTED.— The ROYAL INSTI-
LL TUT ION of CORNWALL desire an INDEX of their JOURNALS
and REl'oRTS. 16 volumes aie.I 4S Reports iHistorica], Scientific and
Antiquarian).— Full particulars of THURSTON C. PETER, Town
Hall, Redruth.
PUBLISHERS. - GENTLEMAN, with about
3.000,". capital. REQUIRED to JOIN ANOTHER in old estab-
lished, well known London BUSINESS. Splendid prospects.—
Address L. S.. Willing s. 126, Stran.l, W.C.
Situations Mantra.
FORMER HIGH SCHOOL MISTRESS seeks
POSITION OF TRUST AFTER EASTER in connexion with
S lecK.l, non resident preferred. Valuable Assistant In Secretarial
Work. Letters only. M. C. G., Si, St. Aubyns. Hove, Brighton.
WATER COLOUR and PICTURE SAT. KSM AN.
II —A SALESM IN of first class address, knowledge, and repute
REQUIRED in a LONDON GA1 LER1 tddress, by letter, stating
all qualifications and Salary required, L L, care of Hart's Advertta
ing Offices, Maltravers House. Irundel street, strand
T ITERARY ASSISTANCE (Arti.l.s. Research,
11 Sub-Bditing, Proofs, Type-writing, fee) offered Writer, Editor
or Publisher, by well-educated experienced JOURNALIST.— Write
F. T. S., SB, st Anne's Hill. Wandsworth, s.w.
PRIVATE SECRETARY to the late George
Jacob Holvoako for five and a half years seeks IS E ENGAGE
MENT in similar capacity address. AMY BAUM, 17, Marlborough
I'lae e. Ilrighlceti.
AS COURIER or TRAVELXINQ COMPANION.
—YOUNG ENGLISH LADY, n"llrl"B French, German, and
Italian well, seeks RE-ENGAGEMENT. Capable Organiser. Com
icinionable. bright, energetic, musical. Accustomed to Iran t Would
undertake care of delicate' Lady, Excellent references Replies to
Miss E, 10, Georgi Btreet, Hanover Square, W. Tele MMGcrrard
AN active V 0 UNO M A N c2:\) requree
situation as PUBLISHER'S or BOOKSELLER'S 18818
TANT. Can supply good references T. u.ev 10TO, Athenanua i*rrss.
mis Buildings, i ban erj Lane, B.C
218
THE ATHENAEUM
N° 4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE AUTOTYPE COMPANY,
74, NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.
REPRODUCTIONS IN MONOCHROME OF
FAMOUS WORKS OF ART BY THE
AUTOTYPE PERMANENT PROCESS.
Amongst the ■numerous Publication! may be mentioned:—
SELECTIONS from
The NATIONAL GALLERY, London.
The WALLACE COLLECTION.
The TATE GALLERY.
The WALKER ART GALLERY, Liverpool.
DRAWINGS by HOLBEIN from the Royal
Collection, Windsor Castle.
SELECTED EXAMPLES of Sacred Art
from various Collections.
ETCHINGS by REMBRANDT.
DRAWINGS by ALBERT DUEER.
PICTURES from the LOUVRE and LUXEM-
BOURG, PARIS.
Prospectuses of above Issues will be sent. free on application.
iEisrfUaiuons.
SHORTHAND S EC R ETA R I ES.— LA 1 > I ES and
GENTLEMEN of i I Bodal
and 1'n.fi -shKniai
Position and Educational,
jenUnc BuSnea., and Profesrional Attainmente, who hsve been
,.■,... idle coached In Secretarial Dutlei and in McEwans Inpyaii
SI -,lhl ' ;; I. Im'I i:Hl: H fr= -1 y lb, II KM.: M A61 II < •'
THE BRITISH SCHOOLS OF COMMERCE AHD JOURNALISM,
'.it, New lii.n.l Street, W.
mRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
J_ WORK and INDEXING.-Apply Miss PETHERRRIDGE (Nat.
Sei. Tripos), IH... Conduit Street, Bond Street, London. W .
TO ARTISTS.— WANTED TO PURCHASE,
COPYRIGHT "f HUMOROUS DRAWINGS or CARTOONS ta
LINE -Apply in the first Instance by letter, to 0. D.. Box 1084,
Athemeum Press, 13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Line, E.C.
ALFRED GILBERT, R.A.— Any one who has
given Mr. ALFRED GILBERT .COMMISSIONS during th*
last fifteen years is invited to conmiunuate with Mrs. iRANKAl,
11, Clarges Street, Piccadilly, W. .
L EIG If TONS
TLLUSTRATKD CATALOGUE of EARLY
A PRINTED and other INTERESTING BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS,
and BINDINGS,
OFFERED FOR SALE BY
J. & J. LEIGHTON, 40, Brewer street, Golden Square, W.
Thick BTO, Un8 PP., 6,300 items, with upwards of 1,350 Reproductions
in F.o simile.
Bouml in art cloth, gilt toi*. »«. ; half-inorocco, gilt tops, 30*.
B
Full particulars of all the Company's Publications
are given in
THE AUTOTYPE FINE - ART
CATALOGUE. Now ready, NEW EDITION,
with upwards of 150 Miniature Photographs of
Notable Autotypes and 23 Tint-Block Illustra-
tions. For convenience of reference the Pub-
lications are Arranged Alphabetically under
Artists' Names. Post free, One Shilling.
Jltttljors' JVg^nts.
THE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
The interests of Authors capably represented. A greementi for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed with Publishers. -Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr A. M. BURGHES. 34. Paternoster Row.
MR GEORGE LARNER, Accountant and
Licensed Valuer to the Bookselling. Publishing. Newspaper.
Printing and Stationery Trades. Partnerships Arranged I tal ance
Sheets ;"nd Trading Accounts Prepared and Audited. A lBusncM
carried out under Mr. Lirner-s personal supervisioii.-as. SB, and .to
Paternoster Row, E.G., Secretary to the Booksellers' Provident
Institution. ^ .
N
EWSPAPER PROPERTIES
SOLD, VALUED.
PROPERTIES FOR PURCHASE ON BOOKS.
WALTER WELLSMAN, Licensed Valuer,
20. New Bridge Street, London.
A Visit of Inspection is invited to
The AUTOTYPE FINE- ART GALLERY,
74, NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W^C.
AMANUENSIS. — Experienced Literary or
Scientific Work. Fluent Shorthand and Typewriting.— A., 35,
Kensington Place, Netting Hill Gate, W. ^^
TRANSLATION, Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing, Encyclopaedic Articles, and other Literary Work or
Non-Resident Secretaryship. Classics, French German. Italian,
S^nfsil Anglo-Saxon Special subjects : Mvt hology "dtiteniture.
Varied experience. Moderate terms— Miss SELB\,Si, lalbotKoau, w.
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. K^cellent
Testimonials.-A. B., Box 106-2, Athenamm Press, IS, Breams Build-
ings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
0
S^pe-Mrtas.
Catalogues.
LD AND RARE BOOKS.
CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,
noted BIBIJOGRAPHH'ALLY and BUMiKAVI ALIA.
Including First or Early Editions of the A \r it'ngsot i. act icallj eyery
English Author from Chaucer to R. L Stevenson.
504 PP. 8vo. with Descriptions and Selling Prices of neail) 4,000 Rare
Books, half-cloth, post free, 2s. W.
This Catalogue has been pronounced on all sides to be the most
interesting Booksellers Catalogue on the subject ever issued.
CATALOGUE OF SPORTS, PASTIMES,
ARTS, AND SCIENCES.
»» pp 8vo with Descriptions and Selling Prices of nearly 2,000 .Old or
Rare Books upon almost every Branch of Sport, Science, or Ait.
Paper cover, post free, 6d.
CATALOGUE OF MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS.
126 pp 8vo, with Descriptions and Selling Prices of about 900 Old
O O K S. — Largest Stock in London of
PUBLISHERS REMAINDER stocks.
All in perfectly new condition as originally published.
but at GREATLY REDUCED PER ES.
FEBRUARY SUPPLEMENTARY CATALOGUE JUST READY.
WILLIAM GLAISHER,
Remainder and Discount Bix.kseller, 26*, High Hol1«.rn, London.
THE INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
No. 141. containing a Special Artule. entitled •MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY and MATTER by Prof . ALFRED W.
PORTER. Specimen Copies gratis.- WILLIAMS 4 NORGATE
Book Importers, 14, Henrietta Street, Coieiit Garden, W.Q,
HH. PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street, Leicester,
. issues CATALOGUES of MSS. and RARE BOOKS jwnt free
to Book Collectors. CATALOGUE 15 contains MSS.. Early Printed
and Rare Books and Autographs, including Specimens of Early
Erench, German, Italian, and English Presses. 4c.
EEADERS and COLLECTORS will find it to
their advantage to write for J. BALDWIN'S MONTHLY
CATALOGUE of SECOND-HAND BOOKS, sentpoat free on applica-
tion Books in all Branches of Literature. Genuine bargains in
Scarce Items and First Editions. Books sent on approval if desired.—
Address 14. Osborne Road. Lc.vton, Essex.
CATALOGUE No. 44.— Turner's Liber Studiorum,
England and Wales, and other Engravings— Lucas's Mezzotints
after Constable— Etchings by Whistler, S. Palmer. 4c— Drawings by
Turner Burne-Jones, Ruskin, 4c— Illustrated Books — Works by
Ruskin. Post free, Sixpence. — WM. WARD. 2, Church Terrace,
Richmond, Surrey.
BOOKS. — All OUT - OF - PRINT and RARE
BOOKS on any subject SUPPLIED. The most expert Bookfinder
extant. Please state wants and ask for CATALOGUE. I make a siwcial
feature of exchanging any Saleable Books for others selected from my
various Lists. Special List of '2,000 Books I particularly want post free.
— EDW. BAKER'S Great Bookshop. 14 16, .lohn Bright Street, Birming-
ham. Dor* Gallery, great bargain, new, 4'2«., for "s. 6tf.
ARUNDEL CHROMOS.— Large stock. Many
rare ones. Send stamp for THIS MONTHS LIST fwhich gives
size and shape of each).— ST. JUDE'S DEPOT, Birmingham. ^
OLD ENGRAVINGS WANTED of Oxford and
Cambridge Colleges, large size, not from Almanacks. Also of
Public Schools, particularly Eton, with Boys Bathing, by Silvester.
Ackennann's, Coloured, of Eton, Harrow, and Westminster; any of
Shrewsbury and Tollbridge. Prices must be moderate.— E. A. A.,
12k, Oxford and Cambridge Mansions, N.W.
I'.ooks illustrated bv Kaliuoipn * Liiui'om, ._.-..-, ^ ...... -•----.,..
I ,k Richard Dovle Harry Furness, James GiUray, Ernest Onset,
John Leech ! Haliiot K. Br. '™-:-' """" A,k"" Thomaa
T^OR SALE. — A NEW RALPH ALLISON
C OVERSTRUNG UPRIGHT GRAND, 4 ft. :! in. high, in Rose-
wood List price. 65 Guineas.— For particulars apply R.. 122. Lough-
borough Road. S.W.
mUNBRIDGE WELLS. -APARTMENTS.
J_ Comfortal.lv Furnished Sitting Room and One Bedroom.
Pleasant and central. No others taken.-R. H., 66. Grove H.U Road.
Tunbridge Wells.
A UTHORS' MSS., 9c7. per 1,000 words.
JA. SERMONS, PLAYS. ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPED at home I Remington I. Good paper. Orders Promptly exe-
rated — M. L. L., 7, Vernon Road ; now known as 18, Edgeley Road,
Clapham, S.W.
A UTHORS' MSS. , NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
X3L ESSAYS ITYPE-WRITTEN with complete accuracy, 90. per
1. words. Clear Carbon Copies guaranteed. References W well-
Known Writers.— M. STUART, Thirlbank, Rox borough Road. Harrow.
T~~YPKWRTiTNG.— MSS., SCIENTIFIC, and
of all Descriptions. COPIED. Special attention to work
requiring care. Dictation Rooms .Shorthand or Typc-W nting).
Vsi.al ternis.-JIisses E. B. and I. PARRAN, Doi.mgton House, SO.
Norfolk Street, Strand, London.
TYPE-WRITING, 9d. per 1,000 words. —PLAYS,
NOVELS ESSAYS. &c, with promptitude and accuracy. Carbon
Copies a specLdity. Highest references.-M. KING, 7, Corona Villas,
Pinner Road. Harrow.
TYPE-WRITING undertaken by highly educated
Women (Classical Tripos ; Cambridge Higher Local ; Modern
-imruagesl Research. Revision, Translation, Dictation Room.-
ThT* AM BRIDGE TYPE -WRITING AGENCY, 10. Duke Street.
Adelphi, W.C. __
TYPE- WRITING.— The WEST KENSINGTON
OFFICES Authors' MSS., '•Translation. 4c. Legal and General
Copying Circulars. Ac, duplicated. Usual Terms References.
EX bUshc. thirteen years.-SIKES 4 SLKES, -■» Hammersmith
Road. W. (Private Address: i:i. Wolvcrton Gardens, [Iammersmith '
TYPE-WRITER.— PLAYS and MSS. of every
description. Carbon and other Duplicate or Manifold Copies.
—Miss E. M. T1GAR, 64, Maitland Park Roud, Haverstock Hill, N.W.
r unless, .'.in,--*- .j. ...••.., -• --
orowne (Phiz), Henry Aiken. Thomas
In, Books and Children's Books-numerous Topographical ^Works
£££*» ffSS ^Prffe i4"» ers"8 ""^ ""
Editiones Principes and Examples of the Early 1 1 inters.
Paper cover, post free, m.
CATALOGUE OF TRACTS AND PAMPHLETS,
Chiefly HISTORICAL and TOPOGRAPHICAL.
2.18 pp 8vo, with Descriptions and Selling Prices of :!,000 Rare Tracts
and Pamphlets. ,
Including Items on Africa- America -.Queen AnTO-ArtrolOBr-
^rornwall-Oliver t'romwcll-Cumbcrlan^Dcrlcys hiiv- ^voj^ne
-Dorsetshire -Durham-Economics and Trad e-Q in EUsaDCTn
^JtaesI^cnSwesuit^JewB-Kent^Lanesahii^Law-^^
sh Ire '-Linciaiishire- London- Middlesex^ o^^^rgS^g!
-N"rthan,ptnnshire-N,.rthumK,ia.;. ^ ^V „ ^' i H ddLl^iring
*^ro7ua^RSg^ffi
William UI— WUtshire— Woroestershire— ^Yorksnire.
Paper cover, post free. 6*7.
CATALOGUE OF SHAKESPEARE AND
SHAKESPEARIANA,
Consisting of a COLLECTION of ENGLISH BOOKS.
Including Drama. Prose, and Poetry of the Sixteenth. Seventeenth.
ad Eighteenth Centuries. The Items arc ^I'^^io^ foi n
under their Authors' Names, and the whole Catalogue »nns an
lot, nt addition to the Bibliography of Shakespeare andBaoon,and
i , ever- attractive to the Collector of Shakespearian:! and to
th,Bu'..nSb:,ke"peare Theorist, as well as to the Student of Early
El88pp. s'o. with Descriptions and Selling Prices of nearly 900 Rare
Books, paper cover, */.
PICKERING & CHATTO,
66, HAYMARKET. LONDON, S.W.
Valuable Books, including a Library removed from
Hertfordshire.
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL,
by AUCTION, at their Galleries, 47. Leicester Square. W.C. on
TUESDAY. March 6. and Following Day. at ten minutes past 1 o'clock
precisely VALUABLE BOOKS, including Bath Illustrated by Nattes.
Coloured Plates— Century Dictionary, s vols.- Ackennann's University
of Oxford, Coloured Plates— Scrope s Salmon Fishing. 1S4.!— Egan's
Life in London, boards, uncut — Manuscripts on Vellum. v<ith
Miniatures — Brathwaits English Gentleman, lfiSO — Old Plays —
Boswell's Life of Johnson, First Edition— VidaL Los Instruments a
Arehet :S vols, morocco extra— Salt's Views in St. Helena. 4c.
Coloured Plates— Costume of Russia, Coloured Plates— Rohsons
Grampian Mountains, Coloured Plates— Standard Editions of Ancient
and Modern Writers on Theology. Travel, Silence. Biography, Ac.—
First Editions of Dickens. Thackeray. Lever, and other Modern
\uthors — Autograph Letters and interesting State Documents—
Hasted's History of Kent. IS vols. Extra-Illustrated— and Works in
all branches of Literature
Established 1S84.
Early] Printed Books and rare First Editions, including a
J ortion of the Library of a Collector.
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
liv U'CTION. at their Galleries, 47. Leicester Square. W.C, at
the END of MARCH, valuable EARLY PRINTED BOOKS from
ENGLISH and FOREIGN PRESSES.
ATHENAEUM PRESS.— JOHN EDWARD
FRANCIS. Printer of the Athenaeum, Votet nod o««W.;« Ac .is
prepare, to SCliMlT ESTIMATES for all kinds of BOOK NEW S,
and PERIODICAL PRINTING.- 13, Breams Buddings, Chancery
Lane, E.C.
ANCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Collectors
and Antiquarians are invite. 1 to apply te 'SMNK * 80N,
imited for Specimen Copy (gratisl of their NUMISMATIC C11UU-
I A flu- finest Greek. Roman, and English Coins on \ lew and for
Sa« at Moderate Prices -SPINK 4 son. Limited, Experts. Valuers,
art c'.tSers 16. 17 and IS. Piccadilly. London. W. Established
upwards of a Century.
MESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON & WOODS
respectfully give Notice that they will hold the Following
SALES by AUCTION, at their tireat Rooms. King Street, St. James 8
Square, the Sales commencing at 1 o'clock precisely :—
On TUESDAY. February 27, OLD ENGLISH
and ORIENTAL PORCELAIN of FREDERICK TOWNSEND, Es.l
deceased', and from numerous sources.
On WEDNESDAY, February 28, and THURS-
DAY Much 1 the SECOND PORTION of "the STOCK of important
JEWELS of the late Mr. E. M. MARCOSO.
On FRIDAY, March 2, ORTECTS of ART,
PORCEL'IN and DECORATIVE FURNITURE of A. A. RAM.
Fs, \doecasedi and OLD ENGLISH and FRENCH FURNITURE of
the late COLIN HUNTER. Esq., A.R.A.
On SATURDAY, March 3, PICTURES by
OLD MASTERS, the Property of the Hon. Mrs. SKEFFINGTON
SMYTH and the late A. A. RAM, Esq.
N° 4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
219
MUDIE'S LIBRARY.
FOUNDED 1842.
For the CIRCULATION and SALE of the BEST BOOKS
in ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, RUSSIAN, ITALIAN,
SPANISH, DUTCH, and SCANDINAVIAN.
The Collection comprises the Best Standard
Works published during the past Sixty Years.
TERMS PER ANNUM.
Volumes in the Country ; or,
8
6 Volumes Delivered free in LONDON
and Nearer Suburbs
Volumes in the Country ; or,
Volumes Delivered ,
and Nearer Suburbs
Q Volumes Delivered free in LONDON
£3 3 0
£2 2 0
1 Volume, Exchanged Daily at the\ Ol 1 f\
Library Counter / oG 1 U
1 Volume (for Books of Past Seasons) ) lUS. OU,
Half - Yearly, Quarterly, and Monthly
Subscriptions can also be entered.
SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT has been made with
MESSRS. PICKFORD, in London and Suburban Districts
served by them, for the exchange of Library Books TO
and FROM Subscribers' Houses for 3d. per DOUBLE
JOURNEY.
PARCEL POST DEPARTMENT for SUBSCRIBERS
residing at a DISTANCE from any RAILWAY STATION.
Terms on application.
ALL BOOKS are offered SECOND-HAND as soon as the
demand in the LIBRARY will permit. List free on appli-
cation.
MUDIE'S SELECT LIBRARY, Limited,
30-34, NEW OXFORD STREET, W.C.
241, BROMPTON ROAD, S.W.
48, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.
Autograph Letters.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will Sl-'.LT, by AUCTION". at tlieir House. No. IS, Wellington
Strand, W.C, on MONDAY, February 26, at i o'clock precisely,
AUTOGRAPH LETTERS AND HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS, in-
cluding Specimens of A. Pope, Sir Walter Scott, Thackeray, Coleridge,
T. Carjyle, Lord Byron, Tennyson, Sc. — Signatures of Sovereigns and
other Royal Personages— Albums of Letters, Franks. 4c.— an extensive
Collection of Me. Heal and Surgical Autographs— fine Letters from
Lord Nelson to Lady Hamilton — an important Series .if Political
Letters from the Earl of Beaconsfleld — Documents relating to the
Poet Keats— Letter and Stanzas of Robert Bums.
May he viewed. Catalogues may l>e had.
The valuable Collect inn of English Crown Pieces, the Property
ofT. W. BARRON, Esq.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their 11. .use. No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.c. on TUESDAY, February 27, at l o'clock precisely,
the valuable Collection of ENGLISH CROWN PIECES and other
ALLIED COINS, the PropertyofT. W. BARRON, Esq., of Vow Tree
Hall. Forest Raw, Sussex, Member of the British Numismatic Society,
including many of the Choicest Specimens from the Murdoch, Moon,
(iihl.s, t;. D. Brown, and other celebrated Collections.
May he viewed. Catalogues may be had.
The valuable Library of
the late S. GEORGE HOLLAND, Esq.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION [by Order of the BxecutorLat then-
House, No. 13, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C, on WEDNESDAY,
February 28, and Two Following Days, at l o'clock precisely, the
valuable LIBRARY of the late 8. GEORGE HOLLAND, F>.'i . [of
iii\. Stiss.-x square', comprising First Editions of Modern Authors,
including the following Writers: A'Beckett, Ainsworth, M. Arnold,
Barham, Blackmore, BrontS, the Brownings, Dickens, Dodgson,
Fli..i Hardy, Leigh Hunt, Lady Jackson, <; P. K. James,
Rich, Jefferies, Do old, .i II Jesse, Chat Lamb, Andrew
Lane, ('has. Lever, Capt Marryat, Ruskin, Sir W. s...tt. Shelley,
li. i.. Bterenson, 1!. s. Surtecs, Swinburne, Lord Tennyson,
Thackeray. 4c — Special and Bare Works illustrated by Geo. and It.
Cruikshank, Rowlandson, Leech, II. K. Browne, Doyle, &<■ . and
Collections «-f Caricatures— fine Snorting hooks by Aiken, Onne,
Millais, Grimble, Crealock, Apperley, Bcrope, Taunton, .v.. Annals
of Sporting and Fancy Gasette Badminton Library, Large Paper^-
Fnr and Feather Series, 4c. Ackermann's Pubbeations Goupil's
Historical Monograph! Extra-illustrated hooks. i:.H,k^ on Birds
(including Goulds Birds ol Great Britain), Works on Costume—
Sbakespeare'i Plaj printed upon vellum— Scholey. 1803-4,
&e.; the «h.>le being In the choicest condition, in Original Parts or
Cloth uncut, or bound bj the best binders
May be viewed two .lays prior. Catalogues may be ha.l.
The Collection of Tickets, Passes, and Badges relating to
Theatres, Gardens, Gaming-houses, Racecourses, Ac, the
Property of WILLIAM NORMAN, Esq., Neweastle-on-
Tyne.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
»ill BELL by AUCTION, at their House, Ro IS, Wellington
Strand, w C.on MONDAY, March B, at i o'clock precisely
the COLLECTION of TICK ET8, PASSES, and BADGES relating to
Theatres, Gardens, Gaming-houses, Racecourses, fa-, also I
Tickets, s fine Series ^Scotch Farthings Medals and Tokens of
Numismatists— a few Colonial Pieces of great raritv a sp. r. ..f
i « Pattern Penny ol 1 7xtt -Matthew Young's Token in Bilver
and a tii"
NORMAN, F.s
matic Bo iety.
Hossopi Pattern Penny of IWB -Mattoew Young i Token m Bilver—
and a fine Series of the Tokens of Australia, the Property of WILLIAM
NORMAN, Esq., Newcastle-on-Tyne, Hembei of the British Numis-
May he viewed two days prior. Catalogues may !«.- had.
Original Drawings by Linley Sambourne.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. 13, Wellinirton
Street, Strand. W.C, on TUESDAY. Mareh fi. and Following Ihtv, at
1 o'clock precisely, the ORIGINAL DRAWINGS by Linley Sam-
bourne ithe Property of a GENTLEMAN), for most of his famous
Cartoons in Punch, which have appeared during the last fifteen years.
May he viewed two days prior. Catalogues may he had.
The Collection of Coins ami lledals formal by the Rev.
JOLIX CLEMENT BARXWELL, deceased.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL hy AUCTION, at their House. No. IS, Wellington
Street. Strand. W.C, on FRIDAY. March 9. at 1 o'clock precisely.
a COLLECTION of ENGLISH GOLD and SILVER COINS, the
Proiwrtymf a GENTLEMAN; ROMAN GOLD COINS; and the
COLLECTION of COINS and MEDALS formed hv the Rev. JOHN
CLEMENT BARNWELL, deceased, of St, Leonards-on-Sea. com-
prising Greek and Roman Coins in Gold and Silver— Ancient British
Gold — Anglo-Saxon Pennies— English Coins in Gold and Silver-
Bronze Coins— Medals— Coin Cabinets, 4c.
Hay he viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
Snuff Boxes. Patch Boxes, Medals, Samplers, Ac, from
Private Collection*.
TUESDAY, February 27, at half-past 11 o'clock.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION
at his Rooms, 38, Kine Street. Covent Garden, W.C, a
number of verv choice SNUFF BOXES, MEDALS. Fob SEALS,
PATCH BOXES, a large Collection of SAMPLERS. MINIATURES.
4c, from the COLLECTION formed by the late W. W. ROBINSON,
Esq.— a Collection of Coins from another Source— also China, Bronzes,
Jade. Weapons, and a variety of Miscellaneous Curios.
On view day prior 10 to 4 and Morning of Sale. Catalogues on
application.
Household Furniture — Holtzapffel Lathe — Tools — Fishing
Tackle — Photographic Cameras, dc.
FRIDAY NEXT, at half -past 12 o'clock.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION
at his Rooms. 38, Kin;-' Street. Covent Garden. London, W.C,
a number of high class CAMERAS, with LENSES and ACCES-
SORIES, in first rate order, hy l.est makers, being surplus stock
from a West End Firm— 100 Lots of superior Household Furniture
and other Effects, sold by order of the Executors of the late H. L.
MATTHEWS. Esq.— a 6 -in. Ornamental Turning and Screw-Cutting
Lathe by HoltxapffeL together with Goniostat, and a number of
valuable Chucks, Cutting Frames, 4c— Fishing Rods and Tackle hy
Hardy and Others— Astronomical Telescope by Dallmeyer, with Eye-
pieces complete— also Miscellaneous Property.
On riew day prior 2 till 5 and morning of Sale. Catalogues on
application.
China, Weapons, Bronzes, Ac
MR. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER, at his
Rooms, ,;s King Street Covent Garden, London, W.C. on
TUESDAY. March 6. at half-past 12 o'clock. PORCELAIN. IVORY
CARVINGS, BRONZES, ENAMELS. 4c. from CHINA and JAPAN
Arms and Curios [various] from the Congo — Maori Carvings— Bronzes
from India, and a number of Native and other Curios from all parts.
On view day prior 10 till 5 and morning of sale. Catalogues on
application.
Valuable Miscellaneous Books.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL bv
AUCTION, at th.-ir Rooms. 115, Chancery Lain-, W.C, on
WEDNESDAY. March 7. and Following Days, VALUABLE MIS-
CELLANEOUS looks, comprising Holinshed's Chronicles, 3 vols.
1586-7, and other Black latter and Early Printed Books— Books on
Idturgiology and Church Ritual— Standard Works in History and
Philology— the Publications of the Society of Biblical Archaeology,
:il vols. 1874-1902— Palestine Exploration Fund. IS \..K 1838-1902—
Series of the Palestine Pilgrims Text Society, i-i vols, the Jewish
Quarterly Review, and Hel.raica— Works in Hebrew and Semitic
Literature — handsome Fine Art and Illustrated Books — Scott B
Waverley Novels, 4c, ss vols— First Editions of Esteemed Authors, \c.
Catalogues on application.
Valuable Lair Books.
MESSRS. HODGSON & 00. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, 116, Chancery Lane. W.d
DURING MARCH, VALUABLE LAW BOOKS, comprising s Sel of
the Law Reports to date— Complete Sets of the Law Journal Reports
from the Commencement in 1822 to 1906, the Law Times and Law
Times Reports from the commencement in 1865 to 1905, and the Jurist
from the • encement to 186C a Series of Justice of the Peace
Reports in King's Bench, Common Pleas and Exchequer Campbell's
Ruling I - R. ut Editions of Standard Text-Books, 4. ;
also a handsome Carved Oak Bookcase, and other Library and Office
Furniture.
Cat doguea are preparing.
iHagapnts, &r.
TEE C O R N H I L L M A G A Z I N E
For MARCH Price ONE SHILLING.
('..,.!■ ntS.
SIR JolIN CON8TANTINE. Chape. 17-19. By A. T. Quiller-Couch.
MR GLADSTONE AS I KNEW HIM. By the Right Hon. Sir
Algernon West, G.CB.
ABOUT SOLUTIONS ByW L Shenstone, F.R.S.
THE LASS oF WINDW \RD F \RM. By llalliwell Sut.litTe.
THE JUDGMENT OF (F.TONE By R. A. K.
GENERAL ROMER YOONGHUSBAND AND SCINDE. By Sir
Francis Younghusband, ELC I E,
some, NATURAL HISTORY'. III. By the Re v. Dean Latham.
some FORGOTTEN admirals. By W. J. Fletcher.
from a COLLEGE V* indow. XI.
CHLPPINGE. Chaps. ~ •' By 8tanley J. Weyman.
London : smith, elder 4 CO. it, Waterloo Place, s.w.
THE BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine Street,
London, W.C, FEBRUARYS 24, contains :—
The Royal Commission on Trade Disputes ; Tradition and Inven-
tion; Michelangelo's w..ik at San Lorenio. by Professor Reilly;
Furniture [Institute of Architects); Royal tcademj Lectures;
Proposed National Collection of Architectural Drawings; The
Sanitary Institute and the Intercepting Trap; Carpenters' Hall
Lectures; Mathematical Data for Architect! iStudent'i Column);
Bacon's Ideal Palace Soane Medallion Competition Design ; Church,
Walton le Dale, hi the late J P. Seddon . 4i F Dee as above
i-M. ; by iH.st, 4_i'.', or through any Newsagent.
[Continued on p. 220.]
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS'
NEW BOOKS.
A SWORD OF THE OLD FRONTIER.
The Adventures of a French Officer in the Pontiac Con-
spiracy. By RANDALL PARRISH. First Edition
(English and American), 25,000 Copies. Second Edition
in the press. With 4 Coloured Illustrations by F. C.
YOHX. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 68.
"A stirring tale." — Belfast Northern Whig.
" Mr. Parrish writes with colour and spirit, and his
ingenuity in devising new variations in adventure is
admirable." — Athenceum.
PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY. A Review
of the Deleterious Effects of Town Life upon the
Population of Britain, with Suggestions for their
Arrest Bv JAMES CAXTLIE, M.A. M.B. D.Ph.
With Preface by sir LAUDER BRUNTOX. M.D.
D.Sc. LL.D. F.R.S., and a Foreword bv Sir JAMES
CRICHTOX - BROWN K, M.D. LL.D. F.R.S. Illus-
trated. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3*. Orf.
"A most original and suggestive book, which should he
read by all who regard their own health as belonging to the
community. " — Da ily Ch ron icle.
LOUIS XIY. AND LA GRANDE MADE-
MOISELLE. By ARYKDE BARINE. Authorized
English Version. Illustrated, Svo, cloth extra, in box,
12s. o<t. (Uniform with 'The Youth of La Grande
Mademoiselle.')
"It is entertaining in the vivid picture it gives of the
times. " — Manchester Guardian.
"The work shows literary qualities of a high order, and
a clearness of judgment and orderly marshalling of facts
which cannot he too freely praised." "
Sheffield Daily Telegraph.
MOHAMMED : the Rise of Islam. By
Prof. D. S. MARGOLIOITH. Fully illustrated, crown
Svo, cloth extra. 5&
"Altogether the hook constitutes a singularly able and
interesting study of a great figure in religious and political
study." — Speak* r.
"And now comes Dr. Margoliouth, the Laudian Professor
of Arabic, a man who knows what he is talking about, who
is probably better qualified to speak concerning Mohammed
than any man living, an admirable writer, full of shrewdness,
and with a real aptitude for epigrams." — Daily T< legraph.
*»* No. '," in the "Heroes of the Nations." For full List
of the Series, see special Illustrated Circular.
THE LIFE OF GOETHE. By Albert
BIELSCIIOWSKY. Authorized Translation from the
German. By WILLIAM A. COOPER, Assistant
Professor of German in the Leland Stanford. Junior,
University. Illustrated. 3 vols. large Svo, cloth, gill
tops, 15*. net per volume.
[Vol. I. ready, Vol. II. shortly.
"This first volume of Bielschowsky's 'Life of Goethe
will whet the appetite for the two that arc to follow.'
Liu rary Wot Id.
"Bielschowsky's 'Life of Goethe' admittedly stands in
the first rank of existing biographies of the poet."
ManchesU r Guardian,
THE NOVELS OF HENRY JAMES. A
study. By ELISABETH LUC? c.WiY. Author of
'The Rossettis,' otc. With a Bibliography by
FREDERICK A. KING, and Photogravure Frontis-
piece. Crown 8vo, half-clotfa extra, gilt top, .'•-.
"To those who have read with appreciation and under-
standing a considerable proportion of the works of Henry
. I anu's. Mi-~s Cary's book will be a treasured possession."
Belfast Korthi m Whig.
" The value and attractiveness of the hook are advanced
by a photogravure of Mr. James, and a bibliography of his
writings which lias been compiled by Frederick A. Kin".."
Do, i.i,. Ada , tist .:
THE RELIGION OF CHRIST IN THE
TWENTIETH CENTURY. Crown 8ro, doth. ::•-. 6f.net,
A particular feature of this book is a fair-minded
examination of three representative Christian denomina-
tions, the Roman Catholic, the Anglican, and the Unitarian.
BALTHASAR HUBMAIER : the Leader
of the Anabaptista Hy Prof, II. ('. \ EDDER, Fully
illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s. (No, 8 in "H toes
of the Reformat ion" Series.)
"The hook gives a vivid present at ion of the troubled
tinit •> in which Hubmaier lived, and is calculated to shed a
new light on a not too familiar page of religious history."
Dundee A
" Prof. Vedder's painstaking work may he said to till a
blank in our literature upon the subject."
.\. wcastle Daily Chn niebs.
HEALTH AND THE INNER LIFE. An
Analytical and Historical study of the Spiritual
Healing Theories, with an Account of the Life and
Teachings of P. P. Ouimby. By HORATIO W.
DR1 ssi.it. Author of 'Voices of Freedom," Book of
Secrets,' ' Man and the Divine Order,' Ac. Crown 8vo,
ch.th, 0*.
"The hook has much in it to repay the attention of
readers interested in 'mind cure'" Scotsman,
SPRING LIST NOW READY.
•24, BEDFORD STREET, STRAND, LONDON;
and NEW YORK.
220
THE ATHENAEUM
NM087, Feb. 24, 1906
_ BOUT 2,000 BOOKS WANTED a i rtised
t\ > ,,, ■; iik 11 BL1H1I1 UN i im I l.u: AN
hi:i.l.hl I lata of the
r - I b< ...ti..i — I j ii i » ... . . . m»
<
1 I r l: ..ki w. unlol V
I ■> I
\ I
Auiioum ■ hi lit i of New
\ Lritlvrmrnt
P
I nilim.
t\ >T l'l BT.Wp.TaMl
PIlnM.i ]< 3 OF I iik VTBW UK. 11 GERMAN
l.AM.l'At.K.
1 ABW1DJ0HANN8ON.il \ P f German l.-ingu.igc and
Literature In U>« > i. tomi in no -ay ol Manchester.
Itaneha In : PALHZB, HOWBkOO
T
EACHER8' mKII'TURAL LIBRARY.
I - net.
1 W. T. VnXS, I!. A. l'.lt.A.S.
1. ];l:li.i l.K — i,.\-.(i\ HIE PARABLES AND I
MIRACtES OF OUR LOHD. The I imtalni short i
i itiuna of the Parablce, arranged Recording to Date: In the
l. the Mirai lee are treate I nndei the heads of the Region!
in which tlu'y were wrought. With T«o Illustrations.
2. EMINENT SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS:
.i Serial of Biographical Btndlee in the Old and New Testaments.
ninftrated brBiz Vlemi irhlch will, it If hoped,
mi useful t i all who are interested In the rtudj of theiloly
.V lii'tuie.
Pabllahed bj ST0NEUAN, SB, Paternoster Square, E.C.
Crown 8vo, price 3s. 6d. net.
THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION
OF FAITH AND THE
THIRTY-NINE ARTICLES OF THE
CHURCH OF ENGLAND:
The Legal, Moral, and Religions Aspects of
Subscription to Them.
BY
JAMES DONALDSON, M.A. LL.D.,
Principal of the University of St. Andrews.
EXPOSITORY TIMES.
"It was a rerun rk.tble judgment; this is a remarkable
book upon it. Unanswerable in its argument, so far as we
can see, and without arrest in the sweep of its application."
REVIEW OF THEOLOGY AXD PHILOSOPHY.
"The decision of the House of Lords in August, 1904, has
suggested, if not prompted, the publication of Principal
Donaldson's book, but it has been prepared for during a
long and busy life, devoted to learning as student, teacher,
professor, inquiring reader of Christian fathers and brilliant
heathen prophets of a kind who tried to believe in Jove, and
his broad Catholic ideas now descend with authority from
ttie position of Principal of the oldest of the Scottish
Universities"
SPECTATOR.
"This is a deeply interesting book, dealing with subjects
which are smouldering to-day and may be burning to-
morrow... .Principal Donaldson's suggestions are, he has
warned us, only .suggestions, put out to make his readers
think. As such they cannot fail of their purpose, and we
would offer to the writer of so thought-provoking a book
not polemics, but thanks."
ABERDEEN FREE PRESS.
"This remarkable volume by the Principal of the
University of St. Andrews can hardly fail to command the
attention of the public, learned and unlearned alike. Its
Conclusions may be contested, and its purport will be
disliked by many ; but its frankness on fundamental
matters and the position of the author— who, besides being
head of a University, is a foremost authority on the history
and literature of Early Christianity— impart to it no
ordinary degree of interest."
MESSRS. LONGMANS & CO.'S
LIST.
INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY:
A Comparative Study of Industrial Life
in England, Germany, and America.
By ARTHUR BHADWELL, MA. M.l>.
•>. vols. 8vo, 26s. net.
The author is careful to explain that h
has Ko connexion with tht " Snot* < -y.
/ is planned, and the investigation <>n which
' wat carried out, fie writes, before tli"- ]»
i/ arose. " But it urns inspired by the
»amr circumstances — namely, the growing jtresmire
of international competition in industry, which is
fitly going to be the. warfare of the future. It
essays to deal with the other side of that problem,
and to examine the conditions under which mdli
are carries on in the three leading industrial
countries, apart from tariffs."
NEW BOOK BY THE LATE BISHOP STUBBS.
LECTURES ON EARLY
ENGLISH HISTORY.
By WILLIAM STUBBS, D.D.
Formerly Bishop of Oxford and Regius Professor of Modern
History in the University of Oxford.
Edited by ARTHUR HASSALL, M.A.,
Student of Christ Church, Oxford.
8vo, 12s. 6rf. net.
THE KEY TO THE WORLD'S
PROGRESS: being an Essay in Historical Logic. By
CHARLES STANTON DEVAS, M.A., sometime
Examiner in Political Economy in the Royal University
of Ireland. Crown 8vo 5s. net.
The object of this book is "to give to the logic and
history of Newman an economic or sociological
setting," and th us to show that "for the explanation of
world-history we must first hare the true theory of
the Christian Church and her life through eighteen
centuries." Part I. states briefly the problems which
the 2Jhilosophy of history seeks to resolve. Part II.
presents the solution offered by Christianity, and
takes the form of an historical analysis of the prin-
ciples by which (he Church has been guided in her
relations with tlif world.
A BOOK OF ANGELS. Selections
from Various Authors. Compiled by L. P., Compiler of
'The Inheritance of Saints.' With 12 Rembrandt
Gravities. Crown 8vo, 6s. net.
THE SUBJECTION OF WOMEN.
By JOHN STUART MILL. NEW EDITION. Edited,
with Introductory Analysis, by STANTON COIT, Ph.D.
Crown Svo, 3s. net.
POPULAR EDITION, crown 8vo, paper covers, 6rf. net
This work was originally published in 1S69, and
has been out pf print for many years. The object
of the book is to show that the existing position of
women is wrong, not merely in its details, but in its
fundamental principle, the legal subordination of
one sex to the other. Some of the statements, hoic-
ever, as to the legal position of women do not hold
good to-day, and therefore Dr. Stanton Coit has in
this new edition prefixed an Introduction in which
he not only gives an analysis of the book, but supple-
ments it with notes giving the changes in the law
since 1869 which affect the question.
CHEATER REISSUES OF BOOKS BY
W. II. HUDSON.
NATURE IN DOWNLAND. With
12 Plates and 14 Illustrations in the Text by A. D.
M'CORMICK. Svo, :>s. net.
HAMPSHIRE DAYS. With 11 Plates
and 86 Illustrations in the Text by .1. S.MIT, RRYAN
HOOK, and Others. Bro, 6a net.
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO.
39, Paternoster Row, London.
ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW.
Vola I. XX., 1886-1905. A General Index of Articles,
Notes, Documents, and Selected Reviews of Books.
Royal Svo, paper covers, 'is. 6d. net.
ELLIOT STOCK'S NEW BOOKS.
— •>—
Crown i< ■ i.ly bound, and riiil*-lli»hed by many
liloatratiotu ol tin.- lu alitj , prii e 1C*. net
NOTES ON THE
EARLIER HISTORY OF THE TOWN
OF BARTON-ON-HUMBER.
B ROB! B i BROWN, ML v
Illustrated bj Clews, Plana, and Maps.
NOW BRAIN < REAP EDITION.
In dcinv b\o, cloth, pri'%- :',-. iyl. net.
THE HISTORY OF
CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
By Rev. EDWARD < ONYI'.i: \ KJ., MA.
" Mr. Conybeareis tobi-rongralulaledon having produced
a volume at once thorough and readable. " — Daily Graphic.
In crown Bro, cloth, gilt lettered, pi:
SCHOOL AND SPORT.
A Record of Work and Leisure.
By TOM COLLINS,
Late Head Master of the Newport, Salop, Grammar School,
formerly Assistant Master King Edward's
School, Birmingham.
'School and Sport' is written by one who had great
experience of boys' character and pursuits, during the eight
years he was Assistant Master at King Edward's School,
Birmingham, and the thirty-three years lie was Head Maatat
of Newport School. His narrative of a lifelong experience
should be welcome to those who are interested in the
Culture and Education of Boys at our Public Schools. < i
NEW NOVEL.
In crown 8vo, cloth, gilt lettered, price 6s. net.
BARR AND SON.
The Story of a Modern Knight-Errant
By EDWIN ELLIOTT,
Author of ' Who is My Brother-' ' Denys Forsaith's Romance,'
'Curse of Xicotil,' 'Master of Culver,' 'Netta,' 'United,' 4c.
LONGMANS. GREEN & CO.
39, Patornostcr Row, London, E.C.
Now York and Bombay.
ELLIOT STOCK,
G2, Paternoster Row, London, E.C.
BROWN, LANGHAM'S NEW BOOKS.
INDIAN REMINISCENCES
HERE AND THERE: Memories,
Indian and others. Bv H. G. KEENE, CLE. With
Portrait. Royal 8vo, 10s. 6d. net
*#* Mr. Keene is one of the few survivors of the old
regime in India, and author of ' A Servant of John Com-
pany.' This interesting book of reminiscences deals with
old Haileybury, India before and after the Mutiny, and
later recollections of a returned exile in London and
elsewhere.
A COWBOY'S ADVENTURES.
THE SUNSET TRAIL,. By A. H.
LEWIS. Illustrated. Cs.
V* Ready early next week. The stirring adventures of
"Bat" Masterson with Indians and desperadoes will
appeal to everv reader who likes excitement, and plenty
of it.
SCHOOL AND COLLEGE LOT.
CHRISTOPHER DEANE. By E. H.
LACON WATSON. A New and Cheaper Edition of
this Story of Winchester and Cambridge With
Frontispiece Crown Sv<>, cloth gilt, ;is. 6d.
" A charming book,"— Spectator.
ESSAYS AND GENERAL LITERATURE.
REFLECTIONS OF A HOUSE-
HOLDER. By E. H. LACON WATSON. 3s. 6i.
»»* " Here are eighteen assays written with a rare grace
of style, an easy, familiar charm that weaves so gradual
and subtle a spell upon you that sou open the volume
merely with the intention of glancing through the first one
before you go to bed, and rind you have forgotten your
intention and got nearly half through the book l>efore you
remember it again. You decide to read no further than
the next one. and go on making it t lie next one and the
next, until you hare read them all ."—Bookman for February.
LITANIES OF LIFE. By Kathleen
WATSON. Third Edition. Ba04.net
",' "A little book containing five short stories, but
Brery one of then la worth reading, and the note of all
sounds sweet and ferae. The reader will lay down the book,
as I did. with a feeling of profound svmpathy and gratitude
to the writer."— Mr. W. T. SXaUJX
THREE LITTLE GARDENERS. By
L AGNEs TALBOT. Second Edition. 2s. Cxi. net.
"This book should be given to every little girl or boy
who has a garden, and who is anxious to do things
pi i 'perly. "— Exa in incr.
BROWN. LANGHAM & CO.
78, Now Bond Street, W,
N°4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
221
NEW NOVELS.
Of the Novels mentioned below, a SECOND EDITION is now ready of
Mrs. MANN'S New Volume, and THIRD EDITIONS are in the press of
the New Books by Miss BEATRICE HARRADEN and Mr. EDEN
PHILLPOTTS. A SECOND EDITION of the New Novel by DOLE
WYLLARDE is in the press. On MARCH 1 will be published
THE MAYOR OF TROY, by " Q." (A. T. Quiller-Coueh).
KINDLY WRITE FOR MESSRS. METHUEN'S SPRING ILLUSTRATED ANNOUNCEMENT LIST.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
ENGLISH FURNITURE. By F. S. Robinson With 160 Plates
in Collotype and one in Photogravure. Wide royal 8vo, 25s. net.
[The Connoisseur's Library.
"No book on this subject will be found more complete, interesting, and valuable."
Bystander.
" An extremely well-informed and fascinating book."— Pall Mall Gazette.
"A sound and practical history ; a very able work." — Evening Standard.
A BOOK FOR A RAINY DAY. By John Thomas Smith. Edited
by WILFRED WHITTEN ("John o' London" of T. P.'s Weekly). With 48 Illustra-
tions. Wide demy 8vo, 12*. 6d. net.
A good old book, much quoted by writers on London, in a modern dress.
"A book to read and keep to read again." — Morning Leader.
" One of the most delightful of London books." — Globe.
"A vastly entertaining book." — Morning Post.
"Full of interest at nearly every page." — T. P.'s Weekly.
THE GREAT SIEGE: the Investment and Fall of Port
Arthur. By B. W. NORREGAARD. With Maps and Illustrations. Demy 8vo,
10s. 6d. net.
" This volume will take rank not only as the standard account of the subjugation of
Port Arthur, but also as an enduring story of war." — Daily Mail.
" The book, with its admirable maps, plans, and illustrations, is one of notable merit."
Scotsman.
" The vigorous style of the author, his picturesque and lucid narrative, and his singular
power of mastering and explaining complex details, give to the work a peculiar interest
and value." — Daily News.
EDITED BY PROF. OMAN.
ENGLAND UNDER THE NORMANS AND ANGEYINS. By
H. W. C. DAVIS, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Author of ' Charle-
magne.' With Maps and Plans. Demy 8vo, 10s. fkt. net.
"To the author's mastery of his sources, as well as the literatui-e on his subject, is
added the gift of writing in a bright and interesting fashion ; while the excellent table of
contents and the marginal headings will be found useful pilots by the teacher and the
student." — Athenaeum.
"A most scholarly and accomplished work." — Sunday Times.
THE MANOR AND MANORIAL RECORDS. By Nathaniel
J. HONE. With many Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 7s. Qd. net. [Antiquary's Books.
The reader is here presented with a graphic picture of the manor as it existed in
England from an early period till the social changes of the seventeenth century. The
manor-house and the manorial estate are fully described. The relations between the lord
and his tenants, the customs of the manor, the duties of officers and servants, the routine
of work and the ancient system of husbandry, rights of common and inclosures are each in
turn dealt with.
HOW TO IDENTIFY OLD CHINESE PORCELAIN. By Mrs.
WILLOUGHBY HODGSON, Author of 'How to Identify Old China.' With 40
Illustrations. Small demy 8vo, 6s.
" It is a book for the beginner, and is quite admirable. It is extremely well illustrated."
Morning Post.
"A book of value and importance to all amateurs and connoisseurs." — Pall MaU Gazette.
" Well arranged and full of information."— Scotsman.
" Mrs. Hodgson discourses in a delightful way on her subject."— Birmingham Post.
RECORDS AND REMINISCENCES, PERSONAL AND
GENERAL. By Sir FRANCIS BURN AND. With a Portrait byll. v. HERKOMER.
Crown 8vo. Fourth and Cheaper Edition. 6s.
THE FRIENDLY TOWN : a Little Book for the Urbane.
Compiled by E. V. LUCAS. Fcap. 8vo, 5s. ; India Paper, 7s. 6d.
" Without qualification, a most delightful and attractive book."— Academy.
THE OPEN ROAD : a Little Book for Wayfarers. Compiled
by E. V. LUCAS. A New Edition. Fcap. 8vo, 5s. ; India Paper, 7s. 6rf.
" A new edition of one of the best anthologies of recent years. A delightful collection
of many of the prettiest things which have been said in prose and verse about the joys of
the countryside. —Daily Telegraph,
THOUGHTS FOR THE DAY.
Fcap. 8vo, 3s. 6d. net
THE IRON TRADE.
8vo, 2s. Od. net.
CHRIST IN ART. By Mrs
Arranged by R. Mudie Smith.
By J. Stephen Jeans.
Henry Jennbr
I ration* Demy lOmo, 2*. Od. net.
THE GOSPEL ACCORDING
duction and Notes by WILLIAM
TO S. LUKE.
WILLIAMSON, B.A.
Illustrated. Crown
[Books on Business.
With 40 IUus-
[Little Books on AH.
With an Intro-
, Rector of Tempsford.
With -i Maps. Crown Kvo, 2s.
A commentary on St Luke's Gospel containing the results of modern N.T. scholarship
concisely arranged for schools and renders requiring a small book complete and interesting
in matter and arrangement.
INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVOUT LIFE. By St. Francis
DE SALES. Translated by T. BARNS, M.A. Small pott 8vo, cloth, 2s. ; leather,
2s. 6d. net. [The Library of Devotion.
A PRIMER OF RELIGION. By W. J. Oldfield, Canon of
Lincoln. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d.
This book is based on the Catechism of the Church of England, and is for use in
families. The writer has had in view the needs of the home schoolroom, and children up
to about twelve years of age. He endeavours to give them a clear grasp of the primary
truths of religion, while cultivating a facility in " finding places " in both Bible and Prayer-
Book. Diagrams are given to strengthen the interest and assist the memory. The book is
intended as a guide to personal life, and not a text-book for examination purposes.
SMALL LESSONS ON GREAT TRUTHS. By A. K. Parkes.
Fcap. 8vo, Is. 6d.
An attempt to present some of the fundamental truths of religion, untrammelled by
mediaeval dogma, and in a form in which they can be understood by children. It is
intended for the use of those parents who wish to bring up their children as Christians and
to provide them with a reasonable faith.
UTOPIA, AND POEMS. By Sir Thomas More. Paper, 6d. net ;
cloth, Is. net. [Methuen's Standard Library.
FICTION.
THIRD EDITION IN THE PRESS.
THE SCHOLAR'S DAUGHTER. By Beatrice Harraden,
Author of ' Ships that Pass in the Night' Crown 8vo, 6s.
"A highly agreeable romance, suffused with graceful sentiment." — Spectator.
"In ' The Scholar's Daughter ' all the notable qualities that have made her reputation
are found in abundance ; and, indeed, it is no exaggeration to describe it as probably the
best story she has written." — Manchester Courier.
"Vivid power of presenting her characters, their emotions and their surroundings."
Daily Telegraph.
THIRD EDITION IN THE PRESS.
THE PORTREEVE. By Eden Phillpotts, Author of 'The
Secret Woman.' With a Frontispiece by A. B. COLLIER. Crown 8vo, 6s.
"Once more Mr. Phillpotts has depicted exceptional characters motived by the
stronger emotions, the passions that give occasion for episodes dramatic."
Daily Chronicle.
" Amid this finely conceived setting of quiet homesteads and rugged scenery move the
characteristic country people whom Mr. Phillpotts so well knows how to draw."
Daily News.
SECOND EDITION IN THE PRESS.
THE PATHWAY OF THE PIONEER. By Dolf Wyllarde,
Author of ' Uriah the Hittite.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
THE HIGH TOBY. By H. B. Marriott Watson, Author of
' Twisted Eglantine.' With a Frontispiece by C. A. SHEPPERSON. Crown 8vo, 6s.
SECOND EDITION NOW READY.
ROSE AT HONEYPOT. By Mary E. Mann. Crown 8vo, 6s.
"A story of varied and continuous charm. Upon Lorry Faraday, Mrs. Mann has
lavished all her sympathy and skill, while Rose, with her sweetness, her allure, and her
touches of irresponsibility, is admirably felt." — Times.
" A story full of human as well as of topical interest. Mrs. Mann is a faithful observer :
she realises acutely the limitations and the strength of the rustic intellect ; and she has
humour. The narrative abounds in charm as well as in surprising strokes of realism."
Spectator.
"The book is well composed, well written, and continuously interesting." — Academy.
VICTORY. By Mrs. L. T. Meade. Crown 8vo, 6s.
THE SCAR. By Francis Warrington Dawson. Crown 8vo, 6s.
" A book which compels our interest, holds our attention, and piques our curiosity to
the end."— Daily Telegraph.
"A decidedly powerful study of the effects of adverse circumstances upon human
character." — Morning Post.
"A fine strong story, of which the setting possesses hardly less interest than the
characters or the action." — Evening Standard.
"The author has a remarkable faculty for description, and the life of old Virginia is set
forth with a most skilful and minute viridness. Power permeates the whole story."— World.
THE ANCIENT LANDMARK: a Kentucky Romance. By
ELIZABETH C. WALTZ, Author of 'Pa Gladden.' Crown 8vo, 6«.
"Convincing in its strength is the descriptive work of the story, and the leading
characters are carefully and skilfully presented and drawn from life."— Manchester Courier.
"Intensely moving and interesting."— Morning Leader.
THE SEA MAID. By Ronald MacDonald. With a Frontis-
piece by K. R. HUGHES. Crown 8to, 6s.
"A brisk and wholesome comedy. The plot is ingenious and entertaining, and the
situations skilfully contrived."— DaUy Graphic.
THE GREAT MASSACRE. By Alexandre Dumas. 6d.
METHUEN & CO. 36, Essex Street, Strand, W.C.
900
TH E ATII KNM-UJM
X 4087, Feb. 24, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NEW HOOKS.
MEMOIRS OF
ARCHBISHOP
TEMPLE.
Bj SEVEN FRTEND8.
Edited by K. O. SANDFORD,
bde icon of Exeter.
With Photogm ore and other Qlustrationa
In 2 rola Bve, 86c. net.
LORD RANDOLPH
WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL, M.P.
With Portraits. In 2 vols, demy 8vo, 36a. net.
BEADY NK\T TUESDAY.
HENRY SIDGWICK:
a Memoir.
By A. S. and K. M. S.
With Portraits. 8vo, 12*. c.t. net.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF
RELIGION.
By Dr. HARALD HOFFDIXC
Translated by & K. METEB. Bvo, 12* net. [Tuesday.
H. FIELDING HALL'S
NEW BOOK.
A PEOPLE AT
SCHOOL.
Svo, 10..*. net.
VOLUME II. OF THE NEW EDITION.
GROVE'S DICTIONARY OF
MUSIC AND MUSICIANS.
EditedbyJ. A. FULLER MAITLAND, M. A. F.S. A.
In Five Volumes. Vol. II., I'— L, Svo, 21*. net.
\* Previously published, Vol. I., A — K, 219. net.
SECOND PAST NOW BEADY.
THE DYNASTS.
A Drama of the Napoleonic Wars, in 3 Parts, 19 Acts,
130 Scenes.
By THOMAS HARDY.
PAST 8 ECO N n. ( frown Svo, 4.v. Grf. net
*»• Previously published, Parti., 4n. Gd. net.
TIM ES. — " "The Dynasts' is daringly and superbly
original . ..'The Dynasts' is a work of exceptional power,
it is a tiiinc; compact with imagination, it is a great,
modern. Epic of the Intelligence -a vision of the world
charged with amazing significance, amazing originality of
<■ :epi ion."
SKCOXD KDITIOX.
THE FOUNDERS OF GEOLOGY.
By Sir ARCHIBALD (JKIKIK, F.B.S. D.C.L. D.Sc. 8vo,
10* net.
THE CENTURY MAGAZINE.
Illustrated. Price la t<<. Annual Subscription, 10s.
The MARCH Number contains : —
P.IOX AND ADONAIS (Shelley and Keats). By EDITS M.
riio.M IS.
THE JEWS IX UoiMANlA. Why the Country was Not
Hospitable to Them, Bj CABMEN SYLVA (Queen of
Koumania).
PENWICK'S CAREER. V.
By Mrs. HUMPHRY WARD.
And numerous other Stories and Articles Of general Interest
ILU'STHATKl) MAGAZINE BOB CHILDREN.
ST. NICHOLAS.
Price 1».
Annual Subscription, VZs.
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd, London.
Mr.s,rs. HURST d BLACK ETT
have NOW READY a work
<>/' great importance by Mrs.
ALEC TWEED IK.
In 1 v.il. royal Bvo, witli numerous Blustratioi
from Photographs t ik< n • p i ially for tin- ii-nk,
pi id 21 -. net.
PORFIRIO DIAZ,
Seven Times President of Mexico.
By Mrs. ALEC TWEEDIE,
Author of ' Mexico as I saw it,' &c.
SOME EARLY REVIEWS.
"Tlie story of modern Mexico and of President I>iaz is
told with knowledge and vigour in this most attractive
1 k." Morning Past.
"One whose life was well Worth writing, and Mrs. Tweedie
his shown that she is [an equally close observer of both
great things and small."- Standard.
"Mrs. Tweedie's volume will give English readers a vivid
enough portrait of the man whom Mr. Prederic Harrison
called tin' Qreat Dictator of the West." — Daily Chronicle.
"Mrs. Tweedie has given us a work of distinct historical
value, and her biography of this remarkable man will be one
of the most important volumes of the year." — Tribune.
"The life story of President Diaz is the history of Mexico,
over which he has reigned supreme during the last thirty
years, and it is a charming picture of a successfuland useful
life, and one which well repays the reading." — Daily Express.
AN ART BOOK FOR ALL TIME.
ORDINARY EDITION, 1 vol. demy 4to, cloth,
gilt top, price 21. 2*. net.
LARGE-PAPER EDITION (limited to 100 Copies
for England), price 41. 4s. net.
Containing 41 Full-Page Illustrations in
Colour and 36 in Black and White.
[Ready immediately.
THE FIRST CENTURY OF
ENGLISH PORCELAIN,
1744-1850.
By W. MOORE BINNS,
Director of Furnivals, Limited, and late Art
Director of the Royal Porcelain Works, Worcester.
It is desired by the publication of this work to
enable Collectors of Porcelain to obtain, as far as
is possible from print, a correct idea as to the
origin of their Specimens, to help them t i diagnose
each Piece.
The Work deals with English Porcelain from its
Birth in about 1744 to the Year ISoO.
The Illustrations have been selected
especially, as far as possible, from Private
Collections.
AN ILLUSTRATED PROSPECTUS POST
FREE ON APPLICATION.
THE LATEST AND BEST
SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
THE WHITE HAND. By Carl
JOUBERT, Author of ' Russia As It Really
Is,' &c.
THE DRAKEST0NE. By Oliver
ONIONS, Author of 'The Odd-Job Man,' tee.
IN SILENCE. By Mrs. Fred Rey-
NOLD6, Author of ' A Quaker Wooing,' to,
JENNIFER P0NTEFRACTE. By
ALICE and CLAUDE ASKEW, Authors of
' Shulamite," ' Anna of the Plains,' &c.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
WELLS GARDNER, DARTON & CO.,
LIMITED.
♦
OF SPECIAL INTEREST AT THE PRESENT
TIME.
THECHURCd AND THE
SCHOOLS.
A Churchman's Review of the Controversy.
Willi AN LOOOl VI (il Mil. \|\1- \M» Ml. |||. IDS
oh ill K UNITED PARISHES OROAHIZATIOlf.
By the Rev. W. EL CARNEGIE, M.A.,
Rector of the Cathedral Church, Birmingham.
Crown Svo, cloth, 2*. net ; paper cover, Ik. net.
I' ' ... id.
" It is admirably written, and contain* a clear anrl useful
presentment of the main factors in the tangled problem at
' ( liur.li and Schools.' "—Quardtan.
" Vigorous, independent, and weighty contribution to the
discussion." — Birmingham 1
Crown 8vo, cloth boards, '
FOURTH EDITION NOW READY.
PERSONAL STUDIES.
By the Rev. Canon SCOTT HOLLAND.
"Fresh, brilliant, and pointed . . . . These studies are
coloured with vivid personal tenches which recall the voire
and preseuce of the man with whom the writer i- rtrnHl
l! . ' . nsU i '>■
BY LIEUT. -COL. VY. H. TURT0N.
THE TRUTH OF
CHRISTIANITY.
Crown Svo, cloth boards, 529 pp. 2s. (id. net.
Postage, PI.
Fiftli Edition, carefully Revised throughout.
"We know of no hook which we should lend with more
hope of advantage to a person who, without professional
training in theology or philosophy, i> perplexed l>y the
common arguments against the Christian religion, and fe.ira
that the verdict of reason is against it."— Church (juarterly.
Other press notices are too numerous to quote. The
Roman Catholic, Nonconformist, Presbyterian, and
the Agnostic Press speak in admiration of Lieut. -GoL
Tin tons fair and candid treatment of his subject.
BY CANON EYAN DANIEL.
TWENTY-FIJRST EDITION.
The Revised Edition contains an Appendix on the
Articles and considerably Enlarged Notes on the
Occasional Offices and the Ordinal.
THE PRAYER BOOK :
Its History, Language, and Contents.
Extra large crown Bvo, 700 pp. cloth boards, ''•-.
"Crammed with solid information, derived from e\ery
conceivable source. It is a work of great erudition, which,
however, is reduced to such a digestible form that it can be
assimilated even by young persons. The book deserves a
high place in the literature relating to the Prayer-Book."
Church Times.
THE HEAVENLY FEAST.
A Companion to the Altar, to which lias :
added Devotions for the Communion
of the sick.
Royal S2mo, cloth, 9d. net ; leather, la I
• 'ltd.
NEARER TO GOD.
A Manual of Devotion for the Young.
Together with the Order of Confirmation and the
Order I f Holy Communion.
128 pp. royal 32mo, cloth. <W. net : cloth gilt, Is,
not : leather, 2a. net : and in various other
styles of binding.
In preparation, bound with the Oxford Edition of
the Prayer Rook, at various prices.
WELLS GARDNER, DARTON & CO., Ltd.,
3, Paternoster Buildings, London.
N°4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
223
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1906.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
The History of Venice 223
The Thread of Gold 224
The Chronicle of Eusebius 225
Versailles and Louis XIV 225
New Novels (A Supreme Moment ; Mrs. Erricker's
Reputation ; No. 101 ; A Son of the People ; The
Beauty Shop) 226—227
Politics and Politicians 227
Short Stories 228
Our Library Table (The Source of the Blue Nile ; A
Study of the Congo State ; The Heart of a Garden ;
Tuscan Folk-lore and Sketches ; Sainte-Beuve on
the Eighteenth Century ; The Romance of an
Indian Elephant ; La Terreur Blanche ; Mrs.
Beeton's Household Management ; The Lyceum
Annual ; The Gentleman's Magazine) . . 229 — 230
List of New Books 231
Chaucer— " Prestes Thre" or "Prest Estrk"?
Ancient Coal-fields in Ireland ; ' New Col-
lected Rhymes' ; ' Melanges Nicole' ; A Lamb
Reference Explained; 'The Tree of Life';
Chaucer's Ancestry ; The Spring Publishing
Season ; The Truman Sale 231—234
Literary Gossip 234
Science — Travels of a Naturalist in Northern
Europe; The Tree of Life; Dr. Le Bon's
Theories of Matter ; J. G. Goodchild ;
Societies ; Meetings Next Week ; Gossip 235—239
Pine Arts— Social Caricature in the Eighteenth
Century; Leukas-Ithaka ; Leather Binding;
Thrfe Exhibitions ; Sales ; Gossip . . 240—243
Music— Mr. Newman's Benefit Concert ; Mr.
Theodore Holland's Concert ; Symphony Con-
cert ; M. Delafosse's Orchestral Concert ;
Gossip; Performances Next Week .. 243—244
Drama— Gossip 244
Index to Advertisers 244
LITERATURE
Gleanings from Venetian History. By
F. Marion Crawford. 2 vols. (Mac-
millan & Co.)
A Short History of Venice. By W. R.
Thayer. (New York, the Macmillan
Company.)
It was said not long ago that Venice
possessed little interest beyond what
it derived from its art. This, though
not improbably the view of nine out of
every ten tourists who go round the
churches and galleries of the city with
their Ruskin in their hands, is ludicrously
wide of the truth. What, we sometimes
wonder, would Aristotle, that student of
polities, have said could he have foreseen,
or read of, that marvellous aristocracy,
scarcely changed, save by the occasional
registration of customs already in force,
for eleven centuries, with its unfailing
lines of chief magistrates succeeding one
another in an unbroken series for the
same period ? The Papacy is the sole
institution to compare with it for perma-
nence ; but Venice had no Great Schism,
nor did any Doge govern from Avignon.
Even at that venerable age it succumbed
only before the cataclysm under which
all the old order of Europe — much of it
far less old than it — went down. Surely,
in presence of this wonderful record, the
most incurable dilettante cannot but own
that art does not afford the only, or even
the first, ground on which Venice can base
its claim to the interest of mankind.
Such, at all events, seems to be the view
of the two latest writers on the sea-girt
city. Mr. Crawford, indeed, opens with
a rhapsody, and throughout seems to find
an occasional difficulty in abstaining from
the dithyrambic ; Mr. Thayer is the philo-
sophical historian always. Also Mr. Craw-
ford tends somewhat to expatiate in the
field of anecdote, where Mr. Thayer sternly
restrains himself. The former has most
to say about people, the latter about
events. Thus, to take an instance from
that event which perhaps more than any
other formed a turning-point in the for-
tunes of Venice, the League of Cambray
and the resulting war, sketched by Mr.
Thayer as fully as the limits of his space
will permit, serve Mr. Crawford merely
as a peg on which to hang, in one place,
the true and tragical history of Count
Frangipane, his ring, and his faithful wife,
and, in another, a description of a wondrous
" mummery " with which the indomitable
city kept up its spirits when that storm
was about to burst upon it. Even of the
few pages devoted to painting in Mr.
Crawford's book a very large part is
occupied with anecdotes, mostly rather
well worn, about Pietro Aretino. We
do not know, by the way, where Mr.
Crawford learnt that that worthy was ever
a monk.
On the general character of the Venetian
system both authors are at bottom pretty
much in agreement ; for though Mr.
Crawford does once call it " the most un-
scrupulous, sceptical, suspicious, and tho-
roughly immoral organisation that ever
was devised by man," the details he gives
do not bear out this severe judgment. It
is all very well, for example, to write : —
" Modern diplomatists, and especially
Americans, may be interested to know that
the post of an ambassador was so little desired
as to make it necessary to impose a heavy
fine on any noble who refused it when he
was appointed ; and it actually happened
more than once that men paid the fine rather
than ruin themselves altogether in the
service of their sordid Government."
It is only needful to read the piteous
appeals made by the English ambassadors
in Paris towards the end of the sixteenth
century for speedy deliverance from " this
burdensome charge wherein my fortune is
wasted," or words to that effect, or to
remember that Castelnau, after many
years' faithful service in England, re-
turned to France a ruined man, to realize
that Venice was not unique among the
Powers of that day in its thrifty treatment
of public servants.
Of all the institutions in the Venetian
polity, none has perhaps come in for more
animadversion, if not from sober historians
at any rate from imaginative writers,
than the famous Council of Ten. The
popular view of this body is as of a blend
of the Inquisition and the Vehmgericht,
with a dash of the Court of Starchamber —
acting mainly on anonymous delations,
and punishing the innocent as often as
the guilty. Both our authors do their
best to show how unjust is this notion.
Mr. Thayer says : " In reality the Ten
were the Venetian Cabinet " — this perhaps
is going a little too far ; he is probably
nearer the mark elsewhere, where he calls
them " the Ministry of Police " — " pro-
bably the most hard-working body, gene-
ration after generation, in the world."
He points out that their spies, of whom so
much has been made, were after all pretty
much what we should now call detectives ;
and that as for the secret nature of their
proceedings, considering how short an
individual member's term of office was,
we may conclude that " there were
always two or three hundred patricians
alive who had been members of the
Ten, conversant with its secrets and
responsible for its methods." Mr. Craw-
ford is no less emphatic : —
" It cannot be denied that on more than
one occasion the execution of the verdicts
of the Ten was performed quickly and in a
secret manner ; yet it does not appear that
this was done because the sentence had been
passed from any motive of private hatred or
vengeance, but only because prudence re-
quired that the public should not be allowed
to express an opinion on the matter. It
may be remarked that in European countries
the procedure nowadays is often similar in
courts-martial . ' '
On the whole, the Ten had reason to
congratulate themselves on the rarity of
their mistakes — at any rate, of an irre-
vocable kind. Seldom did it become neces-
sary for them, after the fashion of the
legendary American sheriff, when his
committee had hanged the wrong man,
to approach the widow with " We must
confess, madam, that this time you have
the laugh of us." One terrible blunder
they did, indeed, commit in the case of
Antonio Foscarini, sometime ambassador
to the English Court, who was put to
death unjustly, as his judges presently
recognized — at a time when the nerves
of the Venetian Government, not un-
reasonably, were in a highly sensitive state
where anything like conspiracy, especially
with Spain, was suggested. (Mr. Craw-
ford, by the way, does not refer to the
Bedmar conspiracy, which would have
given him much of the material that he
knows how to use.) It must be said, too,
that the evidence against Foscarini was so
skilfully concocted that even Sarpi was
convinced of his guilt. Both our authors
tell the tragic story, each in his own
manner. Full light has never yet been
thrown on it, and many documents relat-
ing to it are still unexplored. It may
be hoped that the researches which Mr.
A. B. Hinds is now making at Venice, on
behalf of the Master of the Rolls, will
clear up this and other obscure byways
of seventeenth-century Venetian history.
It is true of Venice, as of most other
Italian States, that, though fiction has
dwelt more on its later ages, its history
has only been adequately written down
to the end of the " Cinquecento." One
can understand this to some extent for
the rest of the peninsula. Once the blight
of Spanish domination has settled down,
the historian who has followed the course
of one of the Tuscan or Lombard city
states through the days when it was ;i
power in Europe naturally shrinks from
the dismal record of a petty dependent
Court. But Venice at least preserved its
liberty (though its citizens did not always
make a good use of their privilege), and
continued to produce an occasional hero.
It was not its fault that with the progress
of geographical knowledge the course of
224
T ii E A tii i:.\\i:r \i
N \'4087f Feb. 24, 1906
(rude was swept i 1 1 1 « > other channels, and
new rivals arose with whom it could not
compete. Lumii\ .Hid wantonness may
have hastened it-- decline ; but it is hard
to see liuu tin- abstinence <>f Sparts or
the continence of Tacit ns's ( lermanv con Id
have postponed the day on which the last
Doge laid aside bis ducal cap. That a State
which saw ( 'hai lemagne should have lasted
without serious revolution till it was des-
troyed by Napoleon is marvel enough :
and we may be grateful to the writers
who have carried OS through its whole
Story.
I I .isionally. one finds small points for
criticism. It was probably rather the
peculiar character of the earlier Venetian
territory than, as Mr. Thayer sugge-N.
" her deepest love of liberty and her
fortunate isolation," that saved Venice
from feudalism. It would be hard to
carve fiefs out of a domain consisting of
marshes and sea. We do not understand
why in an English book Italian forms
should be used for the names of people
who lived centuries before there was any
Italian language. It is no doubt all right
for an Italian historian to write of Pao-
luccio Anafesto ; for English readers we
prefer — what he doubtless wrote himself
— Paulutius Anafestus. Mr. Crawrford,
who calls him (we know not on what
authority) Paulus Lucas, at least avoids
this ; though even he begins to italianize
the names too early. Mr. Thayer should
also know better than to write " Rodriguez
Borgia." He would not like to be called
" Williams Thayer " ; yet that is precisely
parallel. His occasional illustrations of
his subject by reference to modern com-
parisons add liveliness to his narrative ; but
he is perhaps carrying it a little far when
he writes : " Venice for her part did
little to propitiate her ill-wishers. She
carried herself with haughtiness among
them, making no more effort than the
modern Britisher to dissemble the belief
in her own superiority."
Of course, Mr. Crawford has something
to say about the case of Giordano Bruno.
With his estimate of Bruno we agree in
the main, though an allusion to " the very
scarce volume " of his writings (which
are easily obtainable in a modern edition),
and another to " one of his obscene come-
dies " (whereas he is not known to have
written more than one), do not suggest
any very intimate acquaintance with his
works. But Mr. Crawford deals far too
lightly with the treachery of Mocenigo,
which delivered the unlucky philosopher
into the hands of his enemies.
Mr. Joseph Pennell's illustrations are
unequal. The photogravures are pretty,
with an occasional reminiscence of Turner.
The blocks in the page, on the other hand,
are for the most part either scratchy or
smudgy, and, as the modern fashion is,
illustrate as a rule nothing in particular
in the text.
The Thread of Gold. By the Author of
' The House of Quiet.' (John Murray.)
This is a book of vagrant essays, which
have nevertheless, as the name implies, a
certain inner connexion. tOOUgh not icla
tion. It is a meditative hook, busied
indeed) with outward things, hut anzioui
chiefly to catch in them the reflex
a spiritual light. It represent those
moments, Ear apart in a life, when some
passing matter tOUOheS the inner inn-
Boiousness, troubling it to a sudden gleam
of spiritual perception, come and gone
like the dip of a bird's wing on water.
The external cause varies endlessly, often
most trivial, and never twice alike: the
inner consequences are recognized at
once by a common affinity. The themes
of these essays are therefore diverse and
heterogeneous enough : it is in their
effect on the mind of the writer that they
claim our interest, and in that exi-t-
their secret link. Their measure of interest
must depend on the character of the writer,
mainly or exclusively. It is a somewhat
perilous test ; for the greatest sincerity
will not, alone, give attraction to the
processes of an individual mind or soul.
But the author of these essays has a
character which will stand the test. And
he has style. One gathers that he
resolved to avoid being " fine " (that is.
showy : for to be truly fine is to rise with
one's subject, elevated thought and emo-
tion bringing inevitably elevation of
style, richness of thought and emo-
tion producing richness of style) ; that
he resolved to avoid conscious, deliberate
research of language. But his style,
though clear, direct, and unelaborate,
has an unsought refinement : partly the
reflection of character, partly the trained
practice of writing, wrhich has given him a
technique yielding with facile immediate-
ness to the plastic stress of mind and feel-
ing. The character of which it subserves
the expression is attractive and sym-
pathetic : not a man of genius, but a man
of delicate talent, a man of individuality,
cultivated and with no small measure of
the fastidiousness which comes from
culture, but marked off from the medio-
crity that often enough accompanies
fastidious culture by that indefinable and
incommunicable quality we name dis-
tinction ; yet (a trait not common in
such a character) having sympathies with
broad, elemental, and simple things ; and
saved from a dilettante ineffectuality not
only by these, but still more by a moral
gravity and sincerity which endeavour
after high living, high thinking, and the
seeing of truth. He tells us that he has
set down in this book only the things that
made for beauty or for joy in his experi-
ence. But what distinguishes it from
that research of mere aesthetic beauty
and delight, mere epicurism of the nerves,
which in numerous modern books is so
stale, flat, and unprofitable to the reader,
so burdened (by inevitable retribution)
with an undertone of sad satiety — what
separates it from this is the fact that, in
his nature, beauty and delight always
leave a luminous trail of spiritual sugges-
tion. This it is that gives to the record
of these things elevation and sanity, an
ozone (so to speak) which makes them
tonic to the reader as they were to the
writer.
Hence, in what superficially apjiears
a volume of fugitive QSSSyi on the i
desultory and often trifling themes, we
have really the revelation, by significant
flash-lights, of a high-minded nature
solitarily and often doubtfully Eeefing
it- way towards truth and right : alwavs
i rympathetk le, and doubly so
when the nature is thoughtful and tenderly
reverent towards it- fellow-men, at it is
here.
But though this be the underlying cha-
racter of all the essays, their external
mood and character vary indefinitely.
Some, like the exceedingly pleasant paper
on the ' Farmyard,1 have a quiet and
observantly amused humour, which, like
the best humour has a sublatent tender-
ness never very far from the surface, and
needing but a touch to ooze through.
Others are glimpses of natural beauty,
with touches, at times, of a poet's
feeling and fancy ; for, like most lovers
of the reflective life, he reaps his " harvest
of a quiet eye " mainly in the country.
Other essays have their origin in art and
literature, more from something seen or
heard in human intercourse. But all are
suggestive to him, and through him to the
reader. If a beetle flies in his eye, it
begets a speculation on one of the mys-
terious problems of life.
Some of the closing papers are direct
speculations concerning the religious as-
pects and secrets of existence ; and these
will be regarded by readers with diverse
and divergent attitudes. For ourselves,
we find in them much matter both for
assent and dissent. But there can be
only one attitude towards the sincere
and reverent spirit in which they are
written. The general tone of the book
might almost be defined (if such a con-
tradiction in terms may be permitted)
as a believing and hopeful agnosticism :
a belief that all things are for good, we
know not how ; and will be made clear,
we know not when or where. The chief
fault, indeed, one has to find with the
volume is that the habitual iteration of
this belief, as the outcome of every chain
of meditation or discussion, gradually
assumes a cumulative effect of vague and
lame conclusion, and, together with the
very gentleness and resolved, continual
charity of the writer, produces an im-
pression of weakness and want of fibre.
The injustice of such an impression there
is plenty to demonstrate, but it happens
so ; to such a degree that we feel actually
refreshed by a vigorous, hard-hitting,
wrathful assault on ' Paradise Lost ' and
the later Milton. Here at least the critic
is by " no weak pity moved," we say with
unregenerate satisfaction ; and the lan-
guor goes out of our emotional muscles.
It is doubtless part of that unholy element
in man which found Paradise slow with-
out the snake.
These, however, are the chief, if not
the only limitations in a good book
— the exposition of a fine and sensitive
character, with that touch of the dreamer
which makes for distinction, though other-
worldliness has not loosened his sym-
pathetic hold on this world.
N°4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
225
The Bodleian Manuscript of Jerome's
Version of the Chronicle of Eusebius.
Reproduced in Collotype. With an
Introduction by J. K. Fotheringham.
(Oxford, Clarendon Press.)
The Delegates of the Clarendon Press
deserve to be congratulated on publishing
this photographic reproduction of the
MS. of Jerome's version of the ' Chronicle '
of Eusebius belonging to the Bodleian
Library. It has been a source of surprise
to many that a Dutch publisher, Herr
A. W. Sijthoff, should be so enterprising
as to issue a series of photographic repro-
ductions of the most important classical
MSS. in existence, including the famous
Codex Clarkianus of Oxford, while Oxford
itself took no part in such contributions
to scholarship. It has at last bestirred
itself. The work before us is executed
with much care and skill, and is of great
value to all who devote themselves to the
study of antiquity and of ecclesiastical
history. Even in this subject, however,
the Dutch publisher has been before the
Oxford press, for as a supplement to his
series he has reproduced photographically
the fragments of one of the earliest MSS.
of the ' Chronicon,' edited by Traube.
The history of the Bodleian MS. is
singular. It was bought by Gaisford in
1824, and deposited in the Bodleian
Library. It lay there unnoticed with the
inscription on it " Auct. T. II. 6." More
than seventy years after its purchase it
was accidentally handed to a German
scholar, instead of another MS. which
he had asked the library attendant to
bring him. He saw at once that it was a
manuscript of great value, and drew the
attention of the chief librarian to it.
After the lapse of about a year he sent
photographs of several pages to Mr. (now
Sir E.) Maunde Thompson, of the British
Museum, who came to the conclusion that
it belonged to the early part of the sixth
century. Shortly after this Mommsen
visited Oxford, and the Bodleian Librarian
showed him the MS. Mommsen examined
it, and wrote an article on it in Hermes
with the heading ' Die alteste Handschrift
der Chronik des Hieronymus.' The atten-
tion of scholars was thus attracted to it,
and Schone, who had produced the best
edition of the ' Chronicon,' wrote and
obtained a collation of it. He thought
•first of again editing the ' Chronicon,'
but gave up the idea. He prepared,
however, a book entitled ' Die Welt-
chronik des Eusebius in ihrer Bearbeitung
durch Hieronymus,' in which he discussed
all the important questions that emerge
in connexion with the oldest MSS. of
Jerome's version of the ' Chronicon.'
These are numerous, and are of this nature.
How far do the MSS. represent the form
in which Eusebius left his ' Chronicle ' ?
What do we know of the ' Chronici
Libri ' of Eusebius ? What was the
exact arrangement of Jerome's ' Chro-
nicle ' as to exhibiting the dates and the
events assigned to them ? What was
meant by the colours, such as black and
red, which are employed in some of the
MSS. ? Did Jerome dictate his transla-
tion ? Did he issue two editions of it ?
Are there interpolations even in the
earliest MSS. ? What is the relation of
the Armenian version to the original
work of Eusebius ? Schone has gone
very thoroughly into these questions.
Mr. Fotheringham acknowledges that to
his work he is indebted for the sugges-
tion of most of the problems discussed by
him. Schone's discussion is more com-
plete than that of the English writer,
and no textual critic of Eusebius or
Jerome can do without his book. But
Mr. Fotheringham has some decided
advantages on his side. He has examined
the oldest MSS. with his own eyes, and
has consulted others to which Schone had
not access. He has gone over the ground
with the greatest care and a resolution
to be accurate. And he has offered
solutions of some of the questions men-
tioned above which seem nearer the
truth than those of Schone.
Mr. Fotheringham has added value to
the edition by appendixes contributed by
himself or others. In one of these he
exhibits all the passages which are not
clearly legible in manuscript or collotype,
and in another a list of passages in red
ink. In the MS. there are marginalia,
besides notes in a late handwriting. The
latter are difficult to read, and a large
selection of them is edited in an appendix
by Mr. R. L. Poole. There is also an
interesting paper by Mr. C. H. Turner
on Jean du Tillet, but it has no bearing
on the text of the MS., the only connexion
being that Du Tillet was for some time
proprietor of the MS.
Sir E. Maunde Thompson, as we have
seen, assigned the MS. to the early part
of the sixth century. Traube argues that
the part of the MS. written in uncials,
constituting the body of the work, must
be placed between 400 and 450 a.d.
Mr. Fotheringham agrees with him, and
says that " this opinion is confirmed by
the opinions of other scholars which have
been communicated to me." He thus
sums up his conclusions in regard to the
' Chronicon ' : —
" The further my researches have gone,
the more I have been convinced that all
forms of the ' Chronica ' are ultimately
descended from one closely resembling that
of the Fleury fragments recently edited by
Dr. Traube, that the differences of text
between the best MSS. are far from serious,
and that there should be no formidable
difficulties in the way of an editor armed
with photographs of all the earlier MSS."
Versailles and the Court under Louis XIV.
By James Eugene Farmer. (Eveleigh
Nash.)
The subject of Mr. Farmer's book is one
of wide interest : it is, in fact, a chapter
in the history of the civilized world. As
he most truly writes : " Versailles was
a policy and a system of government.
Versailles was more than a palace : it
was a world." On the whole, we may
congratulate him upon its treatment. He
writes carefully and without pretence,
makes judicious use of the best authorities,
and eschews for the most part sweeping
statements, whilst occasionally appending
to his narrative well-founded conclusions
and pithy comments. The book is therefore
likely to be of some value as a work of
reference, whilst it should also appeal j to
the general reader.
The first two sections, which are largely
based upon Dussieux's work, published
some twenty-five years ago, are concerned
with the Palace and Park of Versailles,
with sub-sections on Trianon and Marly.
As was perhaps inevitable from the
method of arrangement adopted, this part
of the volume rather suggests the very
superior guide-book. It is probably none
the worse for that, especially as it is free
from verbiage, and the present state of
the grounds and buildings is treated of
in connexion with their past history.
Plans of the first-floor of the chateau and
of the gardens, in addition to many well-
produced illustrations, should prove of
use to visitors to Versailles who wish for
something more extensive than the ordi-
nary guide-book, and prefer to have their
information in English.
In his account of Marly, Mr. Farmer
with some justice characterizes as absurd
Saint-Simon's statement that its expense
exceeded even that of Versailles itself.
According to M. Eckard's researches,
based upon official documents, the cost
of Marly, including in the estimate that
of the celebrated machine, amounted to
little more than a tenth of that of Ver-
sailles. It is to be noted, however, that
Saint-Simon did but represent the general
feeling which expressed itself very audibly
towards the end of the reign of Louis XIV.,
when the king was still adding to his
favourite palace in the midst of a most
devastating war ; and that, so far back
as 1698 (eight years after the place was
supposed to have been finished), even
Madame de Maintenon had " ventured to
make some remarks " on its increasing
expense — remarks which were ill received.
Louis XIV. built Marly with the view of
getting some slight relaxation from the
tyranny of Court life ; but how slight
that relief was ! There were fewer nobles
in attendance than at Versailles, and a
greater proportion of ladies, and the
former were expected to wear their hats
when promenading with the king ; whilst
some of them, when within the chateau,
had even the privilege of a temporary
seat in the royal presence. Marly was
saved from destruction by Saint-Simon's
influence with the Regent Orleans ; it fell
at the Revolution, " but not in the manner
commonly supposed," says Mr. Farmer,
who tells the true story. To-day it is a
State farm ; nothing remains of its seven-
teenth-century splendour but the ruined
basin of the Abreuvoir.
The rest of the work, though a trifle
repetitive, is full of interest. It consists
of a mosaic of descriptive pieces illustrative
of the character and daily life of the king
and the chief personages of his family and
Court from 1682, when Versailles became
the headquarters of the monarchy, until
the end of the reign thirty-throe years
later. Saint-Simon, Dangeau, and the
226
1 1: a 'i' 1 1 i:\ .i:r.M
N 1087, Feb. 34, 1906
memoirs of the I hich< ol Oi leans | " I be
Palat iin- " i are lavishly drawn upon, but
used with judgment. The authority <>f
the ' fit at »!<• la France, ' for instanoe, is
very properly preferred to that of the first
1 1 .- 1 1 1 1 1 - « 1 upon the weighty question whether
the Qrand Monarque wore his short wig
in bed <>i first put it on for the lever ; and
on some other points the keen powers of
observation and attractive style of one of
the best of modern memoir-writers have
not blinded the author to the fact that
his pen was that of a writer by DO means
destitute of prejudices. Mr. Farmer's
portrait of Louis XIV. possibly does him
a little more than justice ; whilst he seems
to take an unduly harsh view of Madame
de Maintenon. Louis's pride would appear
to he considered by him his only serious
fault ; his second wife's beauty, he writes
in one place, was the one genuine thing
about her. The author allows us to see
that the grave defects of the Regent
Orleans were due much less to his own
character than to the enforced idleness
for which his uncle was entirely responsible.
An instance of the terrors of Court
etiquette (and that at Marly) is cited in
Saint-Simon's account of the dire ofTence
of Madame de Torcy. She, an untitled lady,
was frowned upon throughout dinner by the
king merely because the Duchesse de Duras
had allowed her to keep the place at table
above herself which she had unwittingly
taken, Louis informing Madame de Main-
tenon that he had just been witness of an
act of " incredible insolence, which had
thrown him into such a rage that he had
been unable to eat ! " Her husband, who
was Foreign Secretary, had to write a
letter of abject apology before the king
was appeased.
At Versailles even Monsieur, the king's
brother, could not sit down until he had
been twice asked to do so ; and the
illness of a near relation was not accepted
as an adequate excuse for the non-attend-
ance of ladies at Court. Even in the
ballroom each person had a fixed position :
the whole thing was reduced to absolute
clockwork. So unvarying were not only
the king's hours of work and pleasure, but
also everything else about him, that it
was noticed as remarkable that upon one
occasion he actually turned round to speak
to some one !
Yet the Roi Soleil was human after all.
He had a gigantic appetite ; he was
accustomed to kiss his old nurse ; he
could even, at times, appreciate a joke.
He was genuinely and spontaneously
kind at moments, and at rare intervals
he as genuinely and spontaneously lost
his temper. But his " poise," as Mr.
Farmer calls it, was usually almost in-
humanly perfect. One night during supper
" a large black form," flung by an unseen
hand, was impudently thrown down upon
the kind's table, with such force as to
make the plates jump. Every one was
astounded at the impertinence ; but the
king only turned his head half round and
said, " I think that is my fringe ! " It
was, indeed, a bundle of some crimson-
velvet hangings which had been myste-
riously cut away from the grand apart-
ment i.\ i ime pei ■ n nnknon a b pet ion
l>\ the tray, who wat nevei discovered
Probably feu people realise what a
hard life these splendid satellite-, the
courtiers of the Sun King, had to led
The valet of the .Marerhal de Xoaille-
*ras instructed to call linn at eight o'clock,
"if no one dies during the night." The
significance of the qualification is made
dear by the story of how La Vrilliere
secured the succession to his father's
secretaryship of state : —
'The news of ('liutemmcuf's death Wi
brought to La Vrilliere by a courier at five
o'clock in the morning. He did not Lost
his wits at the news, hut at once sent and
woke up the Princesse d'Harcourt, and
heg^ed her to come and see him instantly.
Opening his purse, he prayed her to go to
see Madame de Maintenon as soon as she
got up, and propose his marriage with Mile.
de Mailly, whom lie would take without
dowry if the king gave him his father's
appointments. The Princesse d'Harcourt,
whose habit it was to accept any sum, from
a crown upward, willingly undertook this
business. She went to Madame de Mainte-
non immediately, and then repaired to
Madame de Mailly, who, without property,
and burdened with sons and daughters,
was in no way adverse to the marriage.
The king, upon getting up, was duly made
acquainted with La Vrilliere's proposal, and
at once agreed to it."
The king, it was known, would wake at
eight o'clock and hear the news : the
whole thing had to be done within three
hours. As a rule, an alert courtier at
Versailles was up and dressed by seven
o'clock.
As we have intimated, Mr. Farmer is
usually content either to let his autho-
rities speak for themselves (sometimes at
great length), or to tell a plain unvarnished
tale without aiming at style. He has,
however, rare bursts like the following : —
" The Court promenades of Versailles
were splendid spectacles, made expressly to
be painted. To gain some notion of them,
one should stand in the parterre of Latona,
and look toward the palace. If the sun is
sinking, and the fountains play, the leaping
waters flash as they fall aloft on Latona
and her children, and afar, beyond the green
yews, in the long yellow facade of the
chateau, the lofty windows of the gallery
become refulgent. Then, as in the flesh,
one may see again the Court of France, in a
blaze of pomp and color, descending that
huge marble staircase at the heels of the
Grand Monarch."
Despite a few Americanisms, sucli as
" to loan," Mr. Farmer's diction is usually
pure enough and his translations are faith-
ful. But he is rather prone to use "grand"
when he means great ; and " a salle of
verdure," and " the nation entire " are
scarcely pleasing phrases. He writes, more-
over, of Madame de Maintenon getting an
armchair so fitted up as " to shield her
from drafts," and twice uses '" the latter "
to express one of four. The illustrations
are mostly appropriate and well pro-
duced ; but the portrait of Turenne
seems somewhat out of place, since even
his name does not appear in the text :
he belongs, in fact, to the pre- Versailles
period of the reign. The index is unfor-
tunately far from adequate ; but we have
seldom read a book containing so nraofa
matter which | free from print.
erron The blue - and - girt binding in
handsome.
NEW NOVELS.
.1 Suprnm Monunt. By Mrs. Hamilton
S\ age. (Fisher l fawin.)
Ik all the oharacten in A Supreme
Moment ' had been drawn with something
of the can- and insight that have ..'"tie to
the creation of one of them, we could b
called this a vi-i v interesting hook. Agatha,
living a quiet, conventional life with her
brother in an English village, devotee her
days conscientiously to the trivial duties
of her small household and to little a
of parochial kindness. Into their midst
comes an orphaned girl from Italy,
vivacious as she is beautiful, and uncon-
ventional as she is accomplished. How
gradually this new element in the house-
hold affects Agatha's character, how even-
tually it lifts her out of her narrow groove
and broadens and softens her outlook on
life, is shown with marked skill. Unfor-
tunately, all the other characters are
wholly wanting in vitality. The narrative,
too, lacks force and lucidity. There are
suggestions of mystery, but nothing comes
of them, and the story has, so far as we
can see, no supreme moment.
Mrs. Erricker^s Reputation. By Thomas
Cobb. (Alston Rivers.)
Mr. Cobb has not written a brighter or
cleverer novel than ' Mrs. Erricker's
Reputation.' The plot, it is true, is on
familiar lines. Mrs. Erricker is a young
widow who allows her irresponsibility to
carry her to the point of indiscretion. To
save the reputation of her sister-in-law,
who meets with an accident on an electric
launch, she tells the jealous husband that
it was she who was the owner's '_ruest,
whereupon her mother-in-law, from whom
she receives a handsome allowance, re-
quires her to give up the custody of her
little son. Mr. Cobb's powers of narrative
and dialogue have never been displayed
to better advantage. But his characters
do not live ; they merely talk. Even
when Mrs. Erricker faces poverty, the
deeper emotions of life are untouched.
No. 101. By Wymond Carey. (Black-
wood & Sons.)
To some the fascination of the circle de-
scribed elsewhere on this page is irre-
sistible. To such this romance will
appeal, and not merely on account of its
environment : it is crowded with the
intrigue, plot, and counter-plot of the
fair women and gallants of Versailles at
a time when the Pompadour was in the
ascendant, and is said to be based on facts
unearthed from eighteenth-century MS.
dispatches in the British Museum and the
Record Office. Few of the figures have
the indefinable quality of vitality, but
perusal brings the not altogether unsatis-
factory sensation of having assisted at a
well-staged historical drama while still
N°4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
227
enjoying the comforts of the domestic
hearth .
A Son of the People. By Baroness Orczy.
(Greening & Co.)
Kemeny Andras is the hero of the
Baroness Orczy's latest romance, which
is a tale of the Hungarian plains. Hungary
remains apparently in the condition of
the Middle Ages, when peasants were
parted from their feudal lords by gulfs.
Bideskuty Gyuri, however, is not quite a
feudal lord ; he is a big landowner, who
designs to revolutionize agriculture in his
district by the erection of a mill. To do
this he borrows from the Jews in the most
reckless manner, and signs documents
without reading them. One hopes that
this is not the habit of the Hungarian
gentleman. The mill also incurs the
hostility of the peasants, who look
upon it as an emanation of the devil.
On these simple and primitive materials
the author builds her story. It is senti-
mental and of a conventional type, but
the setting is new, and so it takes on a
novel air. The aspiration of a wealthy
and virtuous peasant to the hand of the
fairy princess is not an original theme ;
nor is it unusual in such cases that the
lady, married against her inclination,
should scorn her low-born husband, but
finally recognize his merits. The peasant
behaves with wonderful magnanimity, and
all is well in the end. The novel is most
interesting for its pictures of Hungarian
life.
The Beauty Shop. By Daniel Woodroffe.
(Werner Laurie.)
Compactness of design, capable execu-
tion, and a light yet remorseless touch on
some of the actual crazes and phases of
fashionable life characterize this novel.
The action centres round a Bond Street
" beauty " shop, except when it passes
to a rural parish in Kent. Everywhere a
sense of rather charmless reality strikes
one. The different places and people are
kept admirably in hand by a writer who
knows how to knit up her fabric and keep
in touch scenes and persons, however
varied. Bond Street has its code, its
language ; and the villagers have theirs.
The latter serve as chorus (homely and
at times a trifle ribald) to the doings of
the leisured folk whose lines are cast both
in town and country. With little detail
or description, many types of manner
and character are evolved. The leading
motive is the present eager quest after
physical beauty when time or nature has
proved unkind. In the treatment of this
unpleasing and depressing theme touches
of humour are not entirely lacking. A
soul of pity may be found lurking in the
wreckage of even trivial hopes, and the
insatiable lust of luxury and pleasure may
sadden as well as disgust. There are no
plain and overt tragedies, but their pres-
ence below the surface is suggested by
absolutely undramatic means. The author
appears to have few antipathies or prefer-
ences, to hold no brief for any one in
particular. Presentment, not persuasion,
is her business. It takes her to a corner
of life not likely to be viewed from the
sentimental side. The resultant picture
is clever enough. The reader is all along
pursued by evil and disquieting influences.
They permeate the salons where mani-
curists, masseuses, and " transformation "
makers ply their trade ; and where ladies
of doubtful or known reputation meet
their " friends " and repair their faces.
Another form, menacing, sinister, repul-
sive, is encountered in the hop gardens
also. Things known by experience or
divined by instinct are vividly pictured.
That these undercurrents cannot be
ignored or at once forgotten shows the
author's ability to make one perceive
some of the less palpable yet haunting
conditions of existence.
POLITICS AND POLITICIANS.
Mr. S. H. Jeyes has, on the whole,
executed with success a most difficult task
in his book on The Earl of Rosebery, in the
series " The Prime Ministers of England "
(Dent & Co.). There is, however, in addi-
tion to a few of the usual errors, one remark-
able divergence from the now accepted view,
which is so startling that we hesitate to call
it a mistake. It is possible that the infor-
mation of Mr. Jeyes upon this point is new
and more or less accurate ; but if so, atten-
tion should have been diiected to its source,
for otherwise it stands in contradiction to
recent statements made witli authority.
Mr. Jeyes says in three passages that
Gladstone had decided, some time before
his retirement from the House of Commons,
to propose Lord Rosebery as his successor,
and that the choice was " made by the
Queen on the advice of Mr. Gladstone."
On the publication of Mr. Morley's ' Life of
Gladstone ' the announcement to the oppo-
site effect, showing that Gladstone had pro-
posed Lord Spencer, was a surprise. But
the assertion was made too widely and with
too much basis for it to be possible for a
contradiction to be so much as considered
without explanation of the sources of the
denial.
With regard to smaller matters, the points
in which Mr. Jeyes, in his otherwise remark-
ably well-informed narrative, follows the
ordinary opinion rather than historical fact
may be mentioned. He states that Gladstone
" had cheerfully concurred in. . . .a reversal
of his own foreign policy by the colleague
whom lie had appointed." " Cheerfully "
is hardly in accordance with the fact. It
is certain that at least on the Egyptian
question Gladstone did all he could to
struggle against a decision which was hateful
to him ; and this was the most momentous
matter of the foreign affairs of 1893-4.
Biographers of living statesmen are, as a
rule, but most naturally, too friendly to the
men whose career they have been drawn by
some sympathy to describe. In the case of
Mr. Jeyes this cannot always be said ; and
in the matter of the conflict between Great
Britain and France over Siam, at the time
of the French blockade of the capital, the
attitude of this country is represented as
less firm than it was. How great was the
risk of war was not known to the public at
the time. The answer given in the House of
Commons by Sir Edward Grey was altered
by the French subsidized telegraphic "
agency in such a way as to avoid the shock
to French public opinion which it would
otherwise have given. Many years after-
wards Lord Rosebery himself explained, in
a speech, that on the day to which the
answer in the House of Commons referred,
the two countries had been within an ace
of war. In the matter of the other famous
answer by Sir Edward Grey, relating to
what afterwards came to be known as
Fashoda, Mr. Jeyes is wrong in suggesting
that at the time France had already dis-
patched an expedition under Major Mar-
chand. He is right, however, substantially,
because the five French expeditions, of
which the " Liotard Mission " was one,
had been decided, and the one which
afterwards grew into the Marchand expe-
dition had started. The mistake is caused
by the introduction of Major Marchand's
name. In the account of the arrangement
between Lord Salisbury and Germany
which affected the scheme of a Cape to Cairo
railway Mr. Jeyes alludes to its having
broken the line, " except as regards a stipu-
lated right of way over the non-British
portion." It was the failure of Lord Salis-
bury to secure any such binding or effective
stipulation which was the cause of the sub-
sequent trouble. Neither is it the case, as
is thought by Mr. Jeyes, that Walfisch Bay
" might have been made a formidable rival
to Cape Town." The opponents in South
Africa of the transfer of Walfisch Bay to
Germany never suggested that it was likely
to have this kind of importance. It was
valuable as being the only good landing-
place possible for a trade never likely to be
large, and for troops. It is not the case
that France, in her opposition to the Salis-
bury-Drummond- Wolff Convention for the
evacuation of Egypt, desired " to get French
troops in." That desire has never at any
time been entertained in France, and if it
had, could easily have been accomplished
without risk of war by several modes
which were thoroughly understood by the
negotiators of the Convention and by its
opponents. The French did not desire to
admit the status quo, and could not afford
to do so before their electorate ; but quite
as little did they desire to disturb it and to
risk the blame which the financial world
would have thrown on them for the loss of
property which would have occurred. Mr.
Jeyes goes out of his way to declare on his
own part that the undertaking to leave Egypt
" ought never to have been entered into."
We will not discuss the question involved,
but cannot resist the temptation of pointing
out the sharp conflict between the opinion
of our author on this matter, which concerns
ourselves, and that which he expresses for
himself and Lord Rosebery as to Russian
action at Batoum. The usual Russian
reply to us was virtually in the words
of Mr. Jeyes — about Egypt.
The account given by Mr. Jeyes of the
negotiation between some of the Conservative
leaders and Farnell in 1885 is more accurate
than that which we have criticized in
several recent volumes, including Mr.
Churchill's ' Life ' of his father : but the
events are dated too late. The material fact
is, not that a decision was taken, after the
formation of the Government, to avoid
coercion, and to enter into negotiation on
Home Rule while ordering inquiry into
Lord Spencer's acts, but that those tilings
had been promised in advance in order to
turn out the preceding Government. Mr.
Jeyea also puts the responsibility too ex-
clusively upon Lord Randolph Churchill,
Lord Carnarvon, " and at least one other
member of the Cabinet," and excludes
Lord Salisbury, except so far as to Bay that
Lord Carnarvon hoped and attempted to
convert him to a modified scheme of Homo
Rule. Further on he says that Lord Salis-
bury " never wavered." It would be
228
T II E A Til EN .1". U M
N 1087, Fi b. 24, r."><;
gathered from Ins natron that Lord Salisbury
\mi - i n >t a ]>nrt\ to the offers of Lord Ran-
dolph ('linn-lull and tn the interviews
between Lord Carnarvon and Paraell; hut
n i-. of course, the case that [<ord Carnarvon
stated in the Souse of Lords, in the preaenoe
of Lord Salisbury, thai the Prune Minister
\\as acquainted with every step as it m
taken, and it is also the case, as we know
from Mr. Churchill's hook, that Lord Salis-
bury had assented in advance to at hast a
portion of the promises made by Lord
Randolph Churchill to I'arnell.
On the appearance in 1900 <>f M. Victor
I '>■ rard's hook now translated hy Mr. EL W.
Foskett under the title British 1 mprrialixnt
and Commercial Supremacy (Longmans &
Co.). we expressed much doubl us to its
tacts. M. Hcrard is a brilliant writer, but
in those of his articles in the ReVtU ill Paris
which are here in part reprinted and in part
the subject of addition, he was perhaps less
excellent than in his other books, though
more specially interesting to us on this side
of the Channel. In our notice (No. 3785)
we pointed out that the doctrines of the
New Imperialism attributed to Mr. Cham-
berlain by M. Berard had not " conquered "
the whole electorate, as M. Berard seemed
to think, and that, instead of there being a
majority of 100 to 1, there had been but
a change of a mere percentage, and that,
probably, more affected by the education
controversy than by " Fair Trade." In the
interval Mr. Chamberlain, by his famous
speech of three years ago, has raised that
' fiscal issue " which had been anticipated
by M. Berard ; and the recent election has
shown that our doubts as to M. Berard's
figures were well founded. With the main
doctrine of the French writer we have much
sympathy : it will probably, as a well-
grounded foreign view should, antedate the
verdict of history. It is, that Mr. Cham-
berlain has become the strongest man of the
Conservative electorate, having repudiated
neither his Radical " name nor his theories.
.... He only agreed to an alliance with the
Tories on condition that they should change
their name and state .... The Tories have,
had to resign their obscurantist traditions."
When he comes to detail, M. Berard makes
statements far too sweeping ; as, for example,
in claiming as adherents of Mr. Chamberlain,
representing "the Radical element," the Mr.
Goschen of a few years ago and Lord Lans-
downe. Not only are such allusions — never
true — now rendered absurd in the case of
Lord Goschen by his violent opposition to
Mr. Chamberlain's later developments of
opinion, but a large portion of the volume
is in a similar position. In face of the
recent electoral and present Parliamentary
figures, it seems impossible to declare that
the particular form of Imperialism described
" is all-triumphant." It is also impossible
to assert that opponents have become " far
fewer in numbers," while " their protesta-
tions are stifled." The book largely rests
on figures, and these are, of course, hope-
lessly out of date. It is difficult to maintain
that, as yet, even " the Midlands " are
" ruined by German competition." The
supposed loss of our South American trade
ik> also not based upon modern statistics.
M. Berard quotes the evidence in a Blue-
book, now many years old, of consuls in
South America, who explain how " in South
America" non-British "cotton goods are
conquering the market." Another consul
is made to declare that " the Germans have
conquered South America." It is impossible
to justify these assertions in face of the
statistics of our trade : the export of British
produce and manufactures to Latin America,
and to South America in particular, is in-
creasing, and our trade holding its own with
that of rivals who are still infinitely behind
ii lii another portion of the volume the
United States are named, an though they,
rather than the QeimanS, were our lUCOeSSful
commercial foes in South America: "Their
manufactures have already Conquered the
American shores of both ooeam : and a
third British consul is made to add the
WOrda, "We continue to lose (.'round." It
is. on the contrary, an extraordinary fact
that the United States are not gaining
ground in South America, and it is impossible
to give scientific study to the economical
circumstances of the moment without keep-
ing steadily in view the maintenance of
British commercial supremacy in the Latin-
American world.
M. Berard is not completely to be trusted
in his account of the historical rise of the
New Imperialist doctrine. He names in
five or six passages Sir Charles Dilke's
' Greater Britain ' of 1868 as teaching the
union of the British Empire against the
world ; whereas the doctrine of that book
included under the title ' Greater Britain '
the development of English laws and insti-
tutions in the United States ; and its
author has opposed that " Imperial Federa-
tion " " beneath the banner of " which
he is made, by M. Berard, to march.
Mr. John Morley, too, would repudiate a
suggestion with regard to himself which is
made on p. 37 of the translation. In some
passages M. Berard quotes from English
originals, and his French version is retrans-
lated, without verification, into English.
No doubt the translator has checked the
passages which he could find, but some have
escaped discovery, with the result that they
are obviously, though nominally quoted
from the English, altered in the process.
On the whole, the translation is meritorious,
and pains have been bestowed upon the book.
One of the few positive mistakes is in the
use of the French term " Anabaptists " for
our well-known Baptist body. Another is
to be found in the phrase " language of
Birmingham's deputy," the reference being
to Mr. Chamberlain as a member of Parlia-
ment.
The House of Commons in 1906, published
by the Pall Mall Press, is a useful handbook,
with electoral factseyand portraits and
biographies of members. It is no draw-
back that some of the portraits are from
photographs and others from imagina-
tive caricatures ; or the caricatures are
more like their subjects. In several cases
members have provided photographs so
ancient that a gentleman in late middle life
is represented as a youth. In the case of
hard-worked ministers it must be assumed
that the photographs have been otherwise
procured, for much later portraits of
Mr. Haldane, for example, have appeared
elsewhere than that figured in the handbook
before us. It is a pity that this should be
the case, as a good many of the members
whose likenesses are in this volume cannot
be recognized from the portraits given here.
The opposite is the case with the caricatures.
The unfortunate subjects of them may com-
plain that their friends will know them. The
only special feature of this volume, as com-
pared with its rivals, which need be noted
is that, The Pall Mall Gazette favouring
redistribution of seats, the electoral figures
are set forth so as to piove the necessity of
such a measure.
SHORT STORIES.
Visionaries : a Book of Tales — Occult ami
Pagan, Mystical and Gothic. By James
Huneker. (Werner Laurie.) — Here is a
volume "f ihorl with title ami Mil-
title <if an aggressively fantastic churn
which i a proclamation (one might almost
.i war VhOOp) of \tn claim to be what
the pre .lit fashion to call "mystical."
But to 10X06 the rnosi mysterious t1
about it will be the author's nationality.
He , have an Englishman's know-
ledge of England, an American's knowledge
of America, and a Frenchman's knowledge
ot France. As a matter of fact, we know
that he is a native of Philadelphia who lias
studied in Franca, and has taught music
and written dramatic criticism in New York.
Without this knowledge we should have
fixed on his singular notions of humour ax
certainly Anglo-Saxon.
The stoi i ite their flamboyant -uK-
title, are of a type sufficiently familiar — the
fantastic type illustrated by Edgar Poe and
such German writers as Hoffmann and
Wieland. The influence of Poe is evident
enough ; and Mr. Huneker might have
copied also his moderation in titles. Poe
never deemed it necessary to announce his
stories by such a terrifying array of adjec-
tives. We dare not conjecture which of
the tales are specifically " occult," " pagan,"
or " mystical." There may be a difference
between " occult " and " mystical " in their
application to stories of this kind, but we
have not discovered it ; while " pagan "
might be used of the entire book — not
least when its subjects are technically Chris-
tian. They are clever stories, the work of
an able man with a large variety of curious
reading ; they aim at being " weird," and
if morbidity could make them so, they
would abundantly attain their end. They
are morbid enough to have made Goethe
blaspheme, and would have ravished the
soul of Mephistopheles, and they are deca-
dent to the core, with the latest decadence
of Paris (the fount and origin of decadence).
The preternatural is. in itself, morbid ; but.
the unwholesomeness of these tales is some-
thing apart from their preternatural cha-
racter. It is a gratuitous quality. Poe's
tales are morbid, sometimes horrible ; but
he was too good an artist, had too much
imagination, to make them repulsive. It
is defect of imagination which tries to create
a sensation by the violent and mechanical
means of sheer repulsion. Because the
weird is always unnatural, it does not
follow that the unnatural is always weird.
Mr. Huneker seems to us to confound the
unnatural with the preternatural, or at
least to think that one is essential to the
other. Perhaps it is merely a grafting of
Parisian decadence on the stock of Edgar
Poe. Poe's is a semi-insane world, in which
nature, the senses, are morbidly heightened
and acute. Parisian decadence wishes to
invert and reverse nature. So in ' Vision-
aries ' you have people possessed with dis-
eased passion ; people in whom a crazed
sense performs the functions proper to other
senses ; women always sensual and sinister :
men turned topsy-turvey and effeminate
who all seem, morally, to be trying to stand
on their heads ; love always animal ; Judas
Iscariot as a maligned person who was
crucified as a substitute to save the Christ
he repented having betrayed — a phantas-
magoria of the perverted, like a landscape
in water, but without its beauty.
With all this straining after the repellent
and lawless, the tales for the most part miss
their designed effect. They are cleverly
executed, with no insignificant portion of
imagination ; yet with two or three excep-
tions they fail to be uncanny. They are
sensationally outside natural experience;
they produce an intensely disagreeable
feeling ; but they give one no shudder,
N°4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
229
such as Poe could create with material
that would be flat enough in other hands.
There was human nature under the horror
or the preternaturalness, and it was in the
intimate realization of it as a natural experi-
ence is realized, and the imaginative use of
shadowy suggestion, that the power lay.
Here that intimate imagination is lacking,
no less than the suggestion — everything is
said, and said with overplus, with elabora-
tion. Only in ' The Spiral Road ' and ' The
Eighth Deadly Sin ' is the note of uncanniness
Teally and impressively touched. The latter
{a series of visions evoked by the magical
manipulation of suggestive scents) has a
veritable thrill of horror, partly because it
suggests more mystery than is expressed ;
though even this is spoilt by a riotous
■elaboration of phrase. Virtuosity of diction,
dear to the modern expert in prose, is fatal
to the subtle and shadowy effects of the
supernatural. Yet, setting aside this pur-
suit of the weird, so hard of achievement,
we confess that the tales are very well
written, with a finished mastery over the
form of the short story ; and some are purely
psychological — studies of human types. ' A
Mock Sun,' ' A Sentimental Rebellion,' and
the opening tale belong to this class ; and
here Mr. Huneker is entirely successful.
They are well observed and skilfully con-
structed. But in the eerie tale the imagina-
tion which cannot be denied him does not,
we think, go far enough ; or perhaps it is
•overweighted by culture. Which is it ?
The Blue Peter. By Morley Roberts.
{Eveleigh Nash.) — Under an excellent title
Mr. Roberts groups five stories, all relating
to the sea. He describes them as " sea
comedies," but they might with better
justification be dubbed sea farces. The
author has an obvious familiarity with ships
and shipmen, and on occasion can scatter
nautical slang among his readers to their be-
wilderment. However, this intimate know-
ledge of a sailor's life and language has not
inspired Mr. Roberts to write seriously and
realistically. He is out for a lark in this
book, and a lark he has. The first tale
relates how the ill-treated captain and mates
of the Nemesis turned on their owners, who
misguidedly went to sea with them ; the
second describes how the crew of the En-
chantress turned on her bullying captain.
The third — more frankly farcical — tells of
the wreck of the Swan, and of the iceberg
on which the crew were crowded, and of the
superhuman luck and spirit of Capt. Spink.
Capt. Spink is something of a figure, and it
seems a pity that he should be ruffling it in
unadulterated farce. Mr. Morley Roberts's
methods are broad. He shoulders his way
along ; he splashes ahead. He is magnifi-
cently indifferent to his medium, so long as
he can keep going. And the lordliness of
his tone is as great as Mr. Kipling's. A
brisk and vivid writer, with a sense of
character, lie never really does himself
justice. These stories certainly do not do
him justice, but they are essentially readable.
The Measure of Life, by Frances Campbell
(Chapman & Hall), is a collection of studies
— from the point of view mainly of Celtic
mysticism — in that class of subjects to
which the adjective " supernatural " is
broadly, though inaccurately applied. They
are frequently marked by much beauty
both of thought and expression, but the
author was perhaps ill-advised in intro-
ducing any admixture of realism j for
while her symbolical personages, such as
the " master of illusion," are charming, her
contemporary characters, whether English
ladies or Irish peasants, do not entirely
carry conviction. This criticism does not,
however, hold good with regard to the still-
life of the picture, which testifies to an inti-
mate and sympathetic acquaintance with
Irish landscape, and to a notable gift of
description. As the most finished of the
short stories here we should select ' The
Ship of Heaven,' an appealing fragment of
dream-life, and ' The Church of the Four
Winds.'
The House of Biddies. By Dorothea
Gerard. (Hutchinson & Co.) — More stories
than the one which gives its name to this
volume are included in it. We regret to
say that we find in them little to praise,
and there is as a rule more than this to say
of works by this writer. But here of cha-
racter or incident we find not much of
interest.
Tales of the Fish Patrol. By Jack London.
(Heinemann.) — Mr. London is prolific —
dangerously so, perhaps ; but he continues
to give good measure of adventure in his
stories. This collection consists of seven,
all dealing with the work of the fish patrol,
a sort of maritime police force, in San
Francisco Bay. The laws regarding the
pursuit of fish on the Pacific coast are
stringent and comprehensive, their principal
object being the prevention of the reckless
decimation of young fish. That the laws
are needed is sufficiently shown by these
stories of the devices adopted and the risks
run in evading them by the wild tribe of
Greeks, Chinese, and other alien fishermen
who make the bay their hunting-ground,
and defiance of the patrol their business.
The tales are told in the first person, as
by one who, as a lad, worked with the patrol
and met with various more or less exciting
adventures. Mr. London's style has of late
shown marked signs of a chastening process.
He progresses. His gift for description and
for easy narrative is undeniable. This is
better work than ' The Game,' his last book.
Terriens is a volume of Normandy tales,
partly in dialect, by M. Jean Revel, whose
previous writings include two volumes of
the same kind. They are full of observation
and humour, coarse, and strong. The pub-
lisher is Charpentier (Fasquelle).
Some Parisians, acquainted neither with
the Commonwealth nor with Australian
literature, have been attracted by the stories
contained in M. Paul Warrego's A V Autre
Bout du Monde (Librairie Universelle).
They are a pale copy of some of the powerful
tales contained in the weekly newspapers
of Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane. No
care has been taken to prevent gross errors,
and we find, for example, " black-traker "
and "un 'cooce ' " within three lines.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
In The Source of the Blue Nile (Smith,
Elder & Co.) Dr. A. J. Hayes recounts lus
adventures, such as they were, when in
1902 he accompanied, as its medical officer,
the surveying party sent by the Anglo-
Egyptian Government to Lake Tsana, in
Abyssinia, and the valley of the Atbara.
His own experiences appear to have been
unimportant and uninteresting, relating
chiefly to the shooting of game and the
collection of entomological specimens for
museums, when he was not doctoring the
patients . about whose ailments he gives
detailed information, unpleasant to most
laymen, and not precise enough to satisfy
men of science. But he has a happy knack
in quotation, and cleverly ekes out his bald
statements about Abyssinian customs and
institutions, geography, and other physical
conditions by woll-chosen extracts from the
evidence of earlier and more explicit tra-
vellers, from the sixteenth-century Alvarez
down to Mr. Augustus Wylde and Mr.
Herbert Vivian, and especially from Baker,
Mansfield Parky ns, Hormuzd Rassam, and
Stecker. The ' Note on the Religion, Cus-
toms, &c, of Abyssinia,' which fills the last
third of the volume, consists almost entirely
of such extracts.
Prof. Cattier has published through
Larcier of Brussels an Etude sur la Situation
de VEtat Independent du Congo, a book
which must be taken with Mr. Fox Bourne's
' Civilisation in Congoland ' as giving all
the facts with regard to the Congo State.
The publication by a distinguished Belgian
of a truthful volume on the subject is^an
historical event of importance. Hitherto
there has been an attempt to represent the
writing of those who have been horrified by
the recent history of the Congo State as
being inspired either by Protestant mission-
aries, British and American, or by interested
Liverpool merchants. M. Cattier deals with
the matter as a scientific observer of so-
called white colonization among black
tropical races, and shows, as has been well
shown on many occasions by Mr. E. D.
Morel, that the Congo State, founded though
it was on philanthropic principles, has
violated well-known laws, with consequences
which were inevitable. The responsibility
of the United States — whose treaty is relied
on to show that the Congo State is an
independent Power, winch was actually in
existence before the first European Con-
ference regulated its affairs — and the respon-
sibility of our own Government, are so
marked in the history of the Congo State
that doctrines of non-intervention are
inapplicable. Every English and American
reader of M. Cattier should realize the fact
that he is one of those who are directly
responsible for the creation and maintenance
of the state of things described. M. Cattier
shows how a different view of the labour of
the black, and of the future of the black,
has grown up in Africa, and especially in the
Congo State, from any which can be justified
by any creed or ethical rule ; and, although
the recent commission of inquiry has pointed
out the horrors of the situation, which had
been denied previously by all official Belgians,
M. Cattier points out that, as regards the
conception formed of the negro, that com-
mission itself " succumbed to the conta-
gion." He also proves that there has never
existed in the history of the world any other
Government so completely fulfilling the
conditions of an absolute monarchy, resting
solely upon one man's will or caimce —
Governors and Secretaries of State^Being
but his " blind instiT>m^^3." He relates
the creation of the F^^^fc Domain and
of the Crown Domaiij^Hd shows tho
investment in Belgiuin of the enormous
sums of money which the Domain of
the Congo jCrown lias produced. He
briefly names the expenditure of immense
secret funds upon press bribery and upon
ywhat he calls paid "legal opinions" and
shows that it is thus that " the ery^f suffer-
ing and the supplications of the native
millions have been lost in the silence of the
equatorial forest."' The charge is- one of
tremendous weight. It is vir^^lly a direct
impeachment — for deliberate s^rvery, under-
taken for personal gain, carried to the point
of extermination of millions of people — of
the King of the Belgians, published by a
distinguished Belgian, in Belgium, and it is
all the nioro" forcible for the quiet stylo in
which the grey language of the^pthor
states the tacts. The conclusion, ror ex-
ample, of the chapter on the Domain of the
Crown is that its development has been by
230
Till-: ATIIKNM'M'M
N K)87, Fii'.. 24, L906
" foroed labour applied with roofa extreme vigour
»s to decimate the population, li Li without doubt
tin' pit ilrss iijiplii atimi "t I In' system w h it'll dooided
tlif King-Sovereign to take toe itrioteal possible
precautions i" prevent tin- publio from being able
to estimate the revenue whian he baa drawn fi
tin- Qron ii Domain."
'II ii ■ i ml \ tli hi I it which has arisen in t In- mini I
of tin- I-. \ iewi r in reading the pages «'i Prof.
Cattier concerns tin- principle of concessions.
II'- has damaged tin- whole system upon
which tin- concession companies reel almost
a- heavily as has .Mr. Morel, but he cornea
to tin- Bomewhat weak conclusion that it i-
possible to take precautions which may
muse tin- vices of the system to disappear,
ami lir thinks that a Btrong olause breaking
thf concession, "if acted on and enforced,
would be satisfactory. We know by our
own British experience the difficulty of
acting on such a clause.
'I'm: astonishing flood of garden"1 books
has ceased, ami one can hardly regret the
shrinking of a flood which brought with it
an ill-assorted collection of sticks antl straws.
odds and ends which it would need the
energy of a bower-bird to admire or put to
profitable use. Some of these fashionable
"horticulturists" could write, but knew
nothing of gardening; others eould garden,
but had not mastered the principles of
grammar, much less of rhetoric ; a few had
a sense of humour, while the majority
persisted in cumbering the ground with
irritating and irrelevant human characters.
In The Heart of a Garden (Moring) Mrs.
Marriott Watson is both humoursome and
practical. Her prose is a fund of fancies
new and old, varied with some excellent
verse of a quality which is well known to
our readers. The result is one of the prettiest
books we have seen for many a day! The
pictures alone of flowers and gardens are
things of real beauty. The prose is full of
happy touches, wilful and wistful by turns.
But the book has charm — that is the essen-
tial point. Charm is sauciness chastened
or educated, as Aristotle said, and it is the
lack of any such restraint that makes some
modern wilfulness tiresome. Mrs. Watson
often has " no other than a woman's reason,"
she takes this and that to be so because she
likes it so ; but she has the humour to see
that one's flower may be another's weed.
No point or thought is tortured ; all is
lightly said, and not the less serious for that.
"A chaqut oiseav eon nid eat beau, ami there is
no extant branch of 'the fancy' but has its own
peculiar fails to foster, as tiresome, perhaps, as the
nursery's— or the lover's— little language to the
detached observer."
It is clear, at least, that the writer loves
the birds as few do. She lets her trapped
tits go, to the undoing of the strawberries;
she writes better about the blackbird than
anybody else ; and her fancies for barbaric
colour and other delights of romance will
please many as well as herself. Perhaps
there is a superabundance of literary remi-
niscence here and there, but the general
effect is one of admirable unity, not without
some sly hits at the authors recalled. Never,
at any rate, do we feel that obsession of
odd words in wrong places which seems the
secret of much modern style. The impres-
sion we have is that of a genuine and sensi-
tive personality, giving the quintessence of
such talk as might be evoked in the best of
talking places by an understanding com-
panion- -one who knew birds and flowers
and was not afraid of his fancy, as serious
persons often are.
Tuscan Folk-lore and Sket6he8. By Isa-
bella M. Anderton. (Arnold Fairbairns.) —
Mrs. Anderton, the author of this delightful
collection of Tuscan sketches, was, as we are
told by her biothora in a modest biographical
note, bora at Lower Clapton in 1868, and
was educated at tip- school kepi by her
father, where boys and girls weie taught
together, after tin- manner now followed by
many American schools. Among
educated there uen- the children of the
German poet Freiligrath. Mi Anderton
taught for four years in the school, but Owing
to weak health had t" take rest. In l-»:;
she went to Italy, where sin- began her
Italian studies, in 1ks7 she was obliged
to go to the Apennines to recruit, ami it
was while Btaying there thai she heard these
-i 'Hies from the peasants, by whom she
was received with the kindest hospitality.
Recollections of Napoleon III. ami Victor
Emmanuel an- included, and one old woman,
whose husband had served in Napoleo
"summer excursion to Moscow." "firmly
believed that le petit caporal bail perished
miserably at Moscow pickled in a barrel of
salt." The sketches include 'A Wedding
in the Pistoiese,' and a visit to a villa where
olive oil was made. The proprietor was a
man of antiquarian and artistic tastes, and
being a lover of Latin inscriptions, had over
the door the legend " Parva domus magna
quies." There is also a description of the
Florentine Calcio. The little volume includes
an account of a month in Elba, translations,
and other studies.
In 1890 Isabella Anderton was married
to Rodolfo Debarbieri, and lived in Florence
to the close of her short life. She died there
in December, 1904, and was buried in the
Protestant cemetery of the Allori, " amid
the sunny olive-clad hills she loved so well."
In her love for Italy and its people she
reminds us of Elizabeth Bairett Browning,
who "made her poetry a golden band between
Italy and England."
Portraits of the Eighteenth Century, Historic
and Literary. By C. A. Sainte-Beuve.
Part I. translated by Katharine P. Wormeley.
Part II. translated by G. Burnham Ives.
(Putnam's Sons.) — In these two comely
volumes, compiled from ' Causeries du
Lundi,' ' Portraits de Femmes,' and ' Por-
traits Litteraires,' we have yet another
proof of the fascination which eighteenth-
century France has of late years exercised
upon publishers, and presumably also upon
the public. The charm of these incompar-
able essays cannot, in its fullness, survive
divorce from the original language. Further,
we can hardly expect to find perfect French
rendered by English equally perfect. The
ideal translator is rare, and we fear that
his devotion meets with inadequate reward.
It is the more reasonable and more gracious
course frankly to acknowledge the merit
possessed by such versions as those now
before us in giving generally the correct
sense of the original and avoiding flagrant
errors of taste. It would certainly be im-
possible to mistake them for anything but
translations, and translations of a rather
literal order, the difficult phrases being
representd more often by a word-for-word
rendering than by a corresponding English
idiom, and this is especially the rase in the
portion undertaken by Mr. Burnham Ives,
whose name is less familiar to us than that
of his coadjutor. The great body of readers,
however, is scarcely likely to quarrel with
these defects of style, and the subject-mat t er
remains as interesting as ever. The numer-
ous and attractive illustrations are generally
taken from fairly authentic sources, ami
both binding and letterpress are satisfactory.
Matsya : the Romance of an Indian
Elephant, bj' Warren Kilhngworth (Wells
Gardner & Co.), is the story of a young
elephant of lineage, whose immediate relat ions
were, however, so fur fallen in the wot!
to be reduced to the labour of haul
lint Matsya had ideas, ami . t.i he a
rajahs elephant, ami walk in prooei
with a jewelled howdah On his back, an his
grandfather bail done before him. To this
.on attained, by a fortunato
chance; but he hud ' j 1 1 < • I \ time to pi
hirnsell on hi- exalted position before ho
was kidnapped, ami, after various vit
tudes, shipped to Knglund, when- he
came a ClTCUfl elephant. I'.ut the rajah'*
chief mahout, whom Ifatsya loved, tracked
him to the very arena, and brought him
home in triumph. It is pleasantly told, if
with no particular distinction of style; ami
though we are unable to assert that tin-
author has an insight into elephant life and
character. In- at least BUCCOeds in making
his big beasts humanly interesting. The
attractiveness of the book i^ considerably
enhanced by the illustrations, which are
both well done and effective.
Thk Librairie Haehette <v tie. publish a
new edition of M. Krnest Daudet's La Tern ur
Blanche, mentioned by us on its first appear-
ance twenty-eight years ago. It is int< i
ing at the moment, for the first part of this
history of the south of France during the>
Hundred Days and the later part of 1815
goes over the ground of d'Hautpoul, named
by us in our review of the recently published
memoir of that general.
Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Manage-
ment (Ward & Lock), in spite of much imi-
tative competition, still remains the sheet
anchor of happy domesticity. Successive
editions have more than quadrupled the
size of the original book of 1861 ; indeed,
it is to be hoped that, so far as mere bulk is
concerned, a culminating point has been
reached. The edition now before us, with
its 2,050 pages, theoretical, practical, and
scientific, on every branch of domestic?
science, measures five inches across the>
back, and requires an Amazonian hand to
support its weight. New coloured plates,
photographic reproductions, and entirely
new type give the requisite freshness to this
household classic ; while the inclusion of a
chapter on chafing-dish and casserole cookery
and on electric appliances in the kitchen
proves that it has been brought thoroughly
up to date. We note also that the chauffeur
is not forgotten under ' Domestic Servants
and their Duties.1
The Lyceum Annual. 1906 (Lyceum Pre--.
128, Piccadilly), published by the Lyceum
Club " as a venture in international periodi-
cals," is written in English, French, (Jerman.
Dutch, and Italian, and has on its li>t
of contributors Brada, Katharine Tynan,
Mrs. Mary E. Mann, the Countess
Martinengo - Cesaresoo, and other well-
known writers. Its most marked charac-
teristic is, perhaps, the complete absence-
of the note of militant feminism. Next
to this we are struck by the prevailing
tone of sadness. This i?- especially
observable in the generally sympathetic
and graceful stories contributed from the
Continent, scarcely one ^i which can be
Called cheerful reading. The literary level
maintained throughout is high, and none of
the items is without merit. The two which
most appeal to us are a short poem by a
New Zealand author, Jessie Rfackay, and a
descriptive article (by no means melancholy)
on ' An Outpost o\ Ireland,1 by Martin Ross-
Thk issue of The (tenth-man's Mai/azine
for February under Mr. BaUen'e control is
excellent, combining things new and old.
The first article is concerned with 'The
Pepysian Treasures." the next with ' Some-
Recollections of George Gissing,' in which
N° 4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
231
the writer holds a poorer opinion of his
later works than we have expressed. ' The
Real Claverhouse ' is another article of
Interest, followed by a rendering from
Propertius. ' Correspondence ' and ' Retro-
spective Reviews ' are further features of a
capital revival. We notice that most of the
articles are unsigned. Should they not have
some device or letter to mark their authors,
which would represent a personality without
giving away its secret ?
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Theology.
Allies (T. W.), The Throne of the Fisherman, New Edition,
5/
Benson (R. H.), The History of Richard Raynal, Solitary,
3/6
Book of Angels, edited by L. P., 6/ net.
Bousset (W.), Jesus, translated by J. P. Trevelyan, edited
by Rev. W. D. Morrison, 4/
Comforting Words for Widows and Others who Mourn, com-
piled by M. G., and edited by J. S., 5/
Edmonds (bom C), The Early Scottish Church, its Doctrine
and Discipline, 6/ net.
Landis (H. M.), Mission Map of Japan, 3/ net.
McCulloch (J. E.), The Open Church for the Unchurched,
3/6 net.
McTaggart (J. McT. E.), Some Dogmas of Religion, 10/6 net.
Mortimer (A. G.), Confirmation, 2/6
New Visits to the Most Blessed Sacrament, edited by
Cardinal Wiseman, Gd. net.
Schmidt (N.), The Prophet of Nazareth, 10/6 net.
Scrivener's Greek Testament, India-Paper Edition, 0/ net.
Senex, Religions of the Past and the Religion of the
Future, 1/ net.
Spiritual Combat, translated from Father Lorenzo Scupoli,
New Edition, Gd. net.
Weinel (H.). St. Paul, the Man and his Work, translated by
Rev. G. A. Bienemann, 10/6
Wordsworth (E.), Psalms for the Christian Festivals, 3/ net.
Law.
Duckers (J. S.), A Guide to Students' Law-Books and to
Both Branches of the Legal Profession, 3/6 net.
Highmore (N. J.), The Customs Laws, 6/
Matthews (J. B.), The Law of Money-Lending, Past and
Present, 5/
Mews (J.), The Annual Digest of all the Reported Decisions
of the Superior Courts, 15/
Pritchard (Dr.), his Trial, edited by W. Roujhead, 5/ net.
Wilshere (A. M.), The Elements of Criminal Law and
Procedure, 7/6
Fine Art and Archaeology.
Amelung (\V.) and Holtzinger (H.), The Museums and Ruins
of Rome, 2 vols., 10/ net.
•Catalogue of Prints in the National Art Library, Victoria
and Albert Museum, Part II., 2/6
D'Heliecourt (R.), Photographic Enamels, 2/6 net.
Field (W. T.), Rome, 2 vols., 10/6 net.
Miltoun (F), The Cathedrals and Churches of the Rhine,
6/ net.
Thornton (A. G.), Mathematical Drawing Instruments and
Materials, 3/6 net.
Poet ri/ and the Drama.
Oooddy (F.), From a Sheltered Nook, and other Poems, 1/6
net.
Iarfhlaith, White Poppies, Poems, 3/6 net.
Roberts (R. E.), Poems.
Shakespeare, Stratford Edition, Vols. IV. and V., each 21/
net.
Music.
Coddard (J.), Deeper Sources of the Beauty and Expression
of Music.
Crovt s Di.tionarv of Music and Musicians, edited by
J. A. F. Maitland, Vol. II., 21/ net.
Upton (G. P.), The Standard Operas, :i/6 net.
Bibliography.
English Catalogue of Books for 1905, 6/ net.
Madan (F.), A Summary Catalogue of Western MSS. in the
Bodleian Library, Vol. V., 25/ net ; Vol. VI. Part 1., 7/6
net.
Philosophy.
Devas (C. S.), The Kev to the World's Progress, 5/ net.
Hight((i. A.), The Unity of Will, Studies of an Irrationalist,
10/6 net
Political Economy.
Conant (C. A.), The Principles of Money and Banking,
2 vols. 16/ net.
Devine (E. T.), Efficiency and Relief: a Programme of
Social Work, 3/
History and Biography,
< HTM (P.), Fredrick Schiller, 8/8 net
Dening (W.), Japan in l)a>s of Yore, Parts T. and II., 3/ net.
Bouse of Commons in hhh; ; Menu, about .Members, i / '
Latimer (E. W.), France in the Nineteenth Century, 1830-90,
net
Lea(C. II.), A History of the Inquisition of Spain, Vol. I.,
10/6 net
Lucas fH.), Fra Girolamo Savonarola, Second Edition, 5/ net.
Mann MI. K.), The Uvea of the Popes in the Early .Middle
Ages: Vol. EL, 796-868, 12/ net
Smyth (II. WA Mast and Sail in Europe and Asia, 21/net.
Stokes (Bev. II. P.), The Chaplains and the Chapel of the
University of Cambridge, 1266-1668, '. net
8tubbs(W.), Lectures on Early English History, edited by
A. Hassall, 12/8 net.
Sweeney (J.), At Scotland Yard, edited by F. Richards,
New Edition, :i '.
Victoria History of the Counties of England : Lancashire'
Vol. I., edited by W. Farrer and J. Brownbill ; Wor-
cester, Vol. II., edited by J. W. Willis-Bund and W.
Page.
Geography and Travel.
Keene (H. G.), Here and There, Memories Indian and Other,
10/6 net.
Pratt (A. E.), Two Years among New Guinea Cannibals,
16/ net.
Philology.
Ellis (R..), A Bodleian MS. of Copa, Moretum, and other
Poems of the Appendix Vergiliana, 1/ net.
Pope (Rev. G. U.), A Handbook of the Tamil Language,
Part V., 6/ net.
Sa'di, of Shiraz, The Benefits of Kindness, being the Second
Book of the Bustan, translated by G. S. A. Ranking, 2/
net.
School-Books.
Bell's First French Reader, by R. P. Atherton, 1/
Fis Merlino, the Vision of Merliuo, translated by R. A. S.
Macalister, 1/3 net.
Nature Reader for Senior Students, edited by Sir J. Cock-
burn and E. E. Speight, 2/ net.
Plato, Theaetetus and Philebus, translated by H. F.
Carlill. 3/6 net.
Yonge (C. M.), A Book of Golden Deeds, Part II., 1/
Science.
American Journal of Mathematics, Vol. XXVIII. , No. 1, 6/
British Ornithologists' Club Report, edited by W. R. Ogilvie-
Grant, Vol. XVII., 6/ net.
Brown (E.) Races of Domestic Poultry, 6/ net.
Bulkley (L. D.), On the Relations of Diseases of the Skin to
Internal Disorders, 6/6 net.
Bulletins of the United States National Museum : No. 54,
Monograph on the Isopods of North America, by
Harriet Richardson ; No. 55, a Contribution to the
Oceanography of the Pacific, by J. M. Flint.
Dangerfield (J. E.), Brass and Iron' Founding, 6<f. net.
Darwin (C), The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants,
Popular Edition, 2/6 net.
Ebbard (R. J.) and Vogt (F. W.), The Bedrock of Health,
10/ net.
Fowler (R. S.), The Operating Room and the Patient, 10/
net.
Fruhwald (F.), Reference Handbook of the Diseases of
Children, 18/ net.
Giles (A. E.), Gynaecological Diagnosis, 7/6 net.
Guenther (C), Darwinism and the Problems of Life, trans-
lated from Third Edition by J. McCabe, 12/6 net.
Kempe (H. R.), The Engineer's Year-Book of Formulae,
1906, 12mo, leather, 8/
Kinzbrunner (C.) Construction of Electric Machines and
Apparatus, Part I., 2/6 net.
Lamb(H), Hydrodynamics, Third Edition, 20/ net.
Love (A. E. H.), A Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of
Elasticity, Second Edition, 18/ net.
Martin (G. H.) and Jones (E.), A Three Yrears' Course of
Practical Chemistry, Third Year, 2/
Muir (T.), The Theory of Determinants in the Historical
Order of Development, Second Edition, 17/ net.
Powell (E. C.) Making Poultry Pay, cr. 8vo, 5/ net.
Renshaw (G), More Natural History Essays, 6/ net.
Shepperson (W.), Field to Dairy, 2/ net.
General Literature.
Acorn (The), No. II., 2/6 net.
Askew (A. and C), Jennifer Pontefvacte, 6/
Bartram (G.), Lads of the Fancy, 6/
Boyd (M. S.), The Misses Make-Belie ve, 6/
Bradby (G. F.), Dick, a Story without a Plot, 3/6
Carr(M. E.), The Poison of Tongues, 0/
Chambers (R. W.), A Young Man in a Hurry, and other
Stories, 6/
Connolly (J. B.), The Deep Sea's Toll, 6/
Elliott (E.), Barr and Son, 6/ net.
Emanuel (C.) and Joseph (E. M.), How to Choose a House
and How to Take and Keep It, 3/6 net.
Everett-Green (K.), Lady Elizabeth and the Juggernaut, 6/
Eyre (A.), The Girl in Waiting, 6/
(iissing (A.), The Master of Pinsmead, 6/
Hart's Annual Army List for 1906, 8vo, 21/
Hume (Fergus), The Mystery of the Shadow, 3/6
Hyatt (A. H.), The Pocket George Mac Donald, 2/ net.
Kildare ((>.), The Wisdom of the Simple, 4/6 net
Lawson (T. W.), Frenzied Finance, 6/
Lorhner (A.), The Author's Progress, or, the Literary Book
of the Road. 6/ net.
Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory, 19u6, 2/
Morley (J.). Literary Essays, 7/6 net.
Ohnet' (<;.), The Poison Dealer, trans, by F. Rothwell, 6/
Kickert (K.), Folly, 6/
Rifle Exercises Made Easy, Gd. net.
Sidey (A. ('.), Mnemonics in a Nutshell, Third Edition,
1/ net.
Smith (J.) and Sutton (J. W.), The Secret of the Sphinx, 0/
Thackeray (W. M.), The New Sketch-Book, edited by R. S.
Garnett, 7/6 net.
Thome (<;.), First It was Ordained, 6/
Thurston (E. T.), Traffic, the Story of a Faithful Woman, 6/
Time of Terror (A), 6/
Tweedale (\\), Lady Sarah's Son, 6/
Warden (FA The Real Mrs. Daybrook, 6/
Watson (E. H. Laoon), Christopher Deane, New Edition, 3/0
Watson (II. B. Marriott), The lii^li Toby, 6/
Welding (Peggy), Blue Jay, 6/
FO B EIG N.
Theology.
Dibelius (M.), Die LadeJahves, 8m. 60.
EClostermann (EA Eusebius' Werke, Vol. IV., Dm,
Seeberg (A.), Die beiden Wege u. das Aposteldekret, 2m. 50.
Fmr Art and Archcrology,
Corot et son <Euvre: Cent Planches, lOOfr,
Duret (T.)i Manet, son llistoire et son CEuvre, 3fr. 50.
iluani (C.), Paris. Province, Etranger: Dessins, 8fr. 50.
Jahrbucfa der Koniglich Preussischen Kunstsanunlungen,
Vol. XXVII. Part I.
stradonitz (K. v.). Die griechische Skulptur, 4m. 50.
Toulouse-Lautrec : Vingt-deux Dessins, 200fr.
Velazquez (Diego) : Cinquante Planches, loofr.
Bibliography
Taddei (P.), L'Arehivista, Manuale Teorico-Pratico, 61.
Poetry and the Drama.
Joannides (A.), La Comedie-Francaise, 1905, 7fr. 50.
Political Economy.
Gonnard (R.), La Femme dans l'lndustrie, 3fr. 50.
Mantoux (P.), La Revolution Industrielle au XVIII. Siecle,
lOfr.
History and Biography.
Adam (Madame), Mes Illusions et nos Souffrances pendant
le Siege de Paris, 3fr. 50.
Cappelli (A.), Cronologia e Calendario Perpetuo, 61. 50.
Citoleux (M.), La Poesie Philosophique au XIX. Siecle:
Lamartine, 7fr. 50 ; Madame Ackermann, 6fr.
Leblond (M. A.), Leconte de Lisle, 3fr. 50.
Notovitcb (N.), La Russie et 1' Alliance Anglaise, 5fr.
Sakellarides (E.), Correspondance de Alfred de Vigny, 1816-
1863, 3fr. 50.
Shaw (M.), Illustres et Inconnus : Souvenirs de ma Vie,
3fr. 50.
Waliszewski (K.), Les Origines de la Russie Moderne : La
Crise Rtholutionnaire du XVII. Siecle, 1584-1614, 8fr.
Philology.
Commentationes Philology Ienenses, Vol. VII. Part II. , 8m.
Fraenkel (E.), Griechische Denominativa in ihrer gesehicht-
lichen Entwicklung u. Verbreitung, 8m.
Rabe(H.), Scholia in Lucianum, ed., 6m.
Westermann (D.), Worterbuch der Ewe-Sprache, Part I.,
14m.
Mathematics.
Schroder (E.), Vorlesungen iib. die Algebra der Logik,
Vol II. Part II., 8m.
School-Books.
Bally (C), Precis de Stylistique, 3fr. 50.
General Literature.
Alanic (M.), Le Devoir d'un Fils, 3fr. 50.
Beaume (G.), La Bourrasque, 3fr. 50.
Facchini (C), La Mia Carovana. 21. 50.
Franay (G.), Comme dans un Conte : Elaine, 3fr. 50.
Landr'e (J.), La Gargouille, 3fr. 50.
Lhommeau (L.), Le Docteur Landier, 3fr. 50.
Nisson (C), Intruse, 3fr. 50.
Pert(C), L'Amour Vengeur, 3fr. 50.
Pierron (S.), Le Tribun, 3fr. 50.
Villers (M.), Le Cyclone, 3fr. 50.
\* All Books received at the Office up to Wednesday
Morning will be included in this List unless previously
noted. Publishers are requested to state prices when
sending Books.
CHAUCER : " PRESTES THRE " OR
" PREST ESTRE " ?
It is somewhat surprising that among
the many students of Chaucer who have
stumbled against the " prestes thre " in
the ' Prologue ' of ' The Canterbury Tales,'
not a single one, to my knowledge, has
ever tried to amend the reading of this
passage. That there was one priest, not
three, in the retinue of the prioress is
evident, not only from the fact that Chaucer
gives us the tale of the nun's priest, but also
from the number of the pilgrims who met
at the Tabard Inn on the eve of the famous
journey. Chaucer tells us expressly that
they were thirty in all, himself included.
Now a simple addition of the characters
mentioned in the ' Prologue ' will show that
they would have been thirty-two if the
prioress had really been accompanied by
three priests. We may therefore dismiss
at once, as utterly impossible, the reading
of the manuscripts. Instead of " prestes
thre," I would suggest " prest estre," a
phrase which sounds very much like the
one I am objecting to. Estre is an adjective
derived from estre, a noun much used both
in the singular and plural number, not only
by French writers of the thirteenth and
fourteenth centuries, but by Chaucer himself.
We read in ' The Legend of Good Women '
(1. 1715),
The husbond knew the eetni well and fyne;
and in ' The Canterbury Tales ' (A. 1971),
Lyk to the est res o( the grisly place ;
nor are these the only passives that could
be quoted. In modern French the noun
Ore, in its plural form, is often used with
the meaning of " whereabouts," " ins and
outs " of a place, chiefly of a house. In
mediaeval French the same word occurs
more frequently than now. and witli a
greater variety of acceptations; hut what-
ever the shades may he, the dominant
idea is always that of home, interior, privacy.
232
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4087, Feb. 24, 1906
By " prest estre " «<■ must therefore under-
stand u presbyter domesticus, what tin*
French call an aumdnier. The following
passage >>t 'Lancelot du Lac' tiii. f. 23),
quoted by Laourne de Ste. Palaye, throws a
pood deal of light on the subject : —
•• II Be ti>t ;i hii oonfessei <l<- tous lea peokez donl
il Be Bentoit o mpable vers Dieu : Bi lui demanda It
champellain d : et il lui oompta toute sa
\ if."
The line which immediately precedes the
one we have just now been considering has
also, it seems, been tampered with. As it
appears in the manuscripts, it does not
stand on its legs, being two syllables short.
It is highly probable that the word which
has been suppressed clashed in some way
or other with the " prestes thre," and on
this supposition I would suggest the follow-
ing reading : —
A nonne and eke a prest with hire hadd she,
Who was fair chapefeine and prest estre.
"Clerk"' might be substituted for "prest"
in the first line.
If it be objected that all the manuscripts
which have come down to us have " prestes
thre," I would submit that all these manu-
scripts were probably copied from one
another, or that, at any rate, they were
reproductions of the same original, in which
case the guilty party would be poor Adam
Scrivener, in whom Chaucer himself does
not seem to have had unbounded confidence.
My emendation of the first line I give
for what it is worth, and I confess I do not
attach great importance to it : but the sub-
stitution of " prest estre " for " prestes
thre " I cannot help considering a marked
improvement of the text.
V. Kastner.
ANCIENT COAL-FIELDS IX
IRELAND.
Willesden, February 19th, 1906.
In the interests of historical truth, and as
a point of economic interest, will you allow
me to point out an error into which your
reviewer falls when criticizing the Rev.
W. Carrigan's ' History of Ossory ' ? While
blaming the author for not dwelling upon
the Wandesforde family as a distinguished
Ossorian house, the review in question
practically gives to Christopher Wandes-
forde, pioneer of the name in Ireland, the
entire credit for establishing the coal
industry of Kilkenny and Queen's County —
of discovering, in fact, " Ireland's only
coal-field." This is far from being the truth.
Never, at any time, a notable race in Ireland,
the Wandesfordes can lay no claim to having
sunk these ancient mines. Long before
Christopher Wandesforde, through favour
of Strafford, obtained control of the terri-
tory of " Idough, otherwise O'Brenan,"
coal was mined there by the original pro-
prietors, the O'Brenans. This can be seen
from an article on the district, by that
excellent antiquary the Rev. Mr. Graves,
in vol. i. of the Kilkenny Archaeological
Society, wherein many documents from the
muniment room of the Marquess of Ormonde
are quoted ; and in a more recent series of
papers, founded upon the Irish Public
Records, by Mr. George Dames Burtchaell,
in the Kilkenny Moderator. So far from
Christopher Wandesforde having found
Idough, or North Ossory, undeveloped, and
the coal lying " on the surface " (as your
reviewer would have us believe), there were
a dozen mines at least in full working order
in 1632, when the Leinster Inquisitions were
taken for the district, and several of the
O'Brenans arc Bet down as being possessed
of "coal-pitta, &C." Iron also was mined,
and worked by the O'Brenans to a consider-
able extent : as can be seen from the very
monograph on the Wandesforde family
quoted by your reviewer. At p. 275 of this
work (by Air. H. B. MacCall) is given u
deed of transfer, by Mrs. Blanchville to
Christopher Wandesforde, of "one ancient
furnace and one forge anciently erected for
the making and casting of iron," in the
territory of " Idough, otherwise O'Brenan,"
and of another similar furnace " called
Clannagharet, with all the appurtenances,
coal places, mine places, forges, bellows,
and all manner of tools belonging to the
said ironworks." This is dated March 31st,
163"). which was before Christopher Wandes-
forde effected what is euphemistically
termed a " purchase " of Idough and its
20,000 acres ; and, as it may be noted, the
mining works are described in the deed as
" ancient."
On his death-bed Sir Christopher Wandes-
forde, evidently remorseful, bequeathed a
large sum to the chief members of the
O'Brenan clan ; but the payment of this
conscience money was evaded, after a long
Chancery contest, in the reign of William III.
Gerald Brenan.
'NEW COLLECTED RHYMES.'
St. Andrews.
I heartily agree wdth the praise which
the reviewer of my ' New Collected Rhymes '
gives to a piece called ' The Food of Fiction.'
It is charming. But it is not by me. The
' Rhymes ' were printed from a copy of a
manuscript collection of my verses made by
a friend, who had inserted several things
which I detected as nan meet, po?na. But
' The Food of Fiction ' I supposed to be my
own till a lady told me that it was hers, and
that it had appeared in ' The Sign of the
Ship ' in Longman's Magazine. Then I
remembered the circumstances. Unfortun-
ately, this wras the lady's one flight in song.
I am sorry to say that another piece in
the volume is by another lady : critical
readers may detect it if they can. In excuse
I can only plead the example of Sir Walter
Scott, who not only appropriated and pub-
lished as his own some lines by a very different
person, but attributed Cleveland's song in
' The Pirate ' to B3'ron, and announced that
in a collection of his minor pieces published
about 1818, he did not pretend to know
exactly which were due to his fancy and
which to his memory.
I also long since accused Mr. Austin Dobson
of the authorship of verses of which he proved
me to have been guilty. A. Lang.
'MELANGES NICOLE.'
It is the laudable custom in continental
universities, when a professor attains a
certain length of years or of academic
service, to present to him a volume of short
papers more or less connected with the sub-
ject of his teaching, and written by his
colleagues and pupils. Such a Festschrift
is now before us, and was compiled in honour
of M. Jules Nicole, Professor of Gieek
Philology at the University of Geneva.
M. Nicole, who was a pupil of M. Michel
Breal at the Paris Ecole des Hautes Etudes,
has just completed thirty years' tenure of
the chair he adorns, and is well known as
the editor of, among other things, Menander's
Few/jyo?. Among the sixty contributors to
the volume are such well-known scholars
as MM. Michel Breal, Reno Cagnat, Louis
Havet, Theopliile Homolle, and Gaston
Maspero, from France ; Profs. Dorpfeld,
Furtwangler, Wiedemann, and Helbig, and
Dr. Karl Wessely, from ( li-riiiuny and Austria ;
Profs. Comparetti and Vitelli, from Italy ;
and Profs. Cavvadias, Spiridion Lambros,
Tsountas, and Zenghchs, from Greece : while
America is worthily represented by Prof.
Goodspeed ; Great Britain by Mr. Cony-
beare, Drs. Grenfell and Hunt, Dr. Mahaffy,
Prof. Smyly, and Dr. Tyrrell ; and the Swiss
universities of Bale, Geneva, and Zurich by
a solid phalanx headed by the veteran Paul
Oltramare. Russia, Holland, Belgium, and
Bohemia also figure in the list of contributors,
the only university of the first rank which
is not represented being Cambridge. The
whole book is excellently illustrated and
got up, and reflects great credit on MM. W.
Kiindig, of Geneva, from whose press it
issues.
It is somewhat difficult to pick out any
articles for special mention where all are so
good, but among those of general interest
we may perhaps notice Prof. Dorpfeld's
painstaking essay on the ' Verbrennung und
Bestattung der Toten im alten Griechenland.'
Following therein his countrymen Bottiger
and Becker, he will have it that in all ages
the Greeks burnt instead of burying their
dead. Even in the tombs of the Mycenaean
age he can, he thinks, find traces that the
corpse was " passed through fire " before
being laid to rest ; and in the Homeric and
the classical periods he considers the literary
evidence too clear to be gainsaid. He does
not think that the body was in all cases
utterly consumed, as in modern cremations,
but considers that it was always exposed
to the fire before the interment of the bones.
The subject is important, because burial
customs are among the most enduring things
in this world, any peculiarity in this respect
being generally a far better test of race
than religion or language, and the burning
of the dead is therefore one proof the more
that the people who made the graves of
Mycenaean, and even of " prehistoric,"
times were really the ancestors of the classical
Greeks. On the other hand, the argument
cuts both ways, and the very speedy aban-
donment in Christian times of the hygienic
practice of cremation for the Semitic custom
of burying the dead without any attempt to
guard against decay demands more atten-
tion than it has hitherto received. That
this was not at first due to Christian teaching
may be gathered from Cicero's statement
that interment, and not cremation of the
dead, was the practice of the Cornelian gens
down to the time of Sulla.
Another remarkable article is that by
M. Francotte, of the University of Liege,
on the distributions of bread in Greek cities.
The question of corn imports seems to have
been as pressing with the Greeks as it has
lately become with us, and in Athens in
particular the foreign corn imported was
more than double the home production of
all Attica. So long as she maintained her
maritime supremacy she seems to have
made up the deficiency for the most part
with the strong hand ; and when she lost
the command of the seas the assurance of a
good market was sufficient to attract corn
from Sicily, Egypt, and the Bosphorus. By
a law of Antigonus, which seems to M.
Francotte to be our chief source of infor-
mation on the subject, all grain brought
into the Piraeus had to be taken to the
Athenian Agora, and there the price as
well as the quality was strictly undev the
control of the sitophylaces and other magis-
trates. But if, in spite of this, the price
N°4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
233
became so high as to be prohibitive for the
poorer classes, it was the custom of the
rich to make a distribution under cost price.
Whether this was always due to strictly
charitable intentions, M. Francotte is in-
clined to doubt, being rather of opinion
that it was. in fact, a form of tax, by which
those who had made much money by the
purchase of corn abandoned to their fellow-
citizens a share of the profits that they well
knew they would not be allowed to keep.
However that may be, it soon degenerated
into the distribution of corn gratis ; and
as many other cities hastened to follow the
example of Athens, it was not long before
this custom extended to Asia Minor and the
colonies. And all this, it should be noticed,
took place while Greece was more or less free.
Afterwards, when it became incorporated in
the Roman system, the emperors did not
see their way to withdraw the privileges
which the cities, in the time of their liberty,
had granted to their poorer citizens.
More technical than either of these essays
is that of M. Le Coultre, of Neuchatel, on
the pronunciation of Latin in the days of
Charlemagne. He begins by pointing out
that at the time of the great emperor's
coronation classical learning had fallen to
its lowest pitch in the West, and that it
was only in Italy and the British Isles that
some shred of organized teaching of Latin
remained. Alcuin came to Charlemagne,
he reminds us, from York, and it is to his
teaching that he attributes the revival of
the study of Latin in France. He thinks,
too, that from his treatise ' De Orthographia '
can be recovered a great part of the pro-
nunciation of Latin in his time, although he
does not think it affords any hint as to the
debated pronunciation of c as k before the
first three vowels. As to the vowels them-
selves, he is of opinion that all the diphthongs
had disappeared from the spoken tongue
with the single exception of au, which was
still used as a very open o. The e and the i
had also become assimilated. That there
was some similarity between u and i seems
likely from the constant confusion noted by
Alcuin between monumentum and muni-
mentum, arcuhus and arcibus ; while it is
probable that where two successive ?<'s were
employed, as in tribuunt, mortuus, and the
like, there was a tendency to elide one. As
for the consonants, 6 seems to have been
interchangeable with v, even for Alcuin
himself; and.d slid into something like the
English th, in which we may perhaps see
the influence of the Byzantine Court. The
q seems always to have been pronounced
as if followed by u, and not turned into a
hard c, as some authors would have it ;
while there was a tendency, which has lasted
down to our time, to give a sibilant sound
to the ti in words like benedictio and oratio.
Generally, it may be said that the pronun-
ciation of the vowels had altered much more
from what it had been in classical times
than had that of the consonants.
Of wider interest, perhaps, in an age so
nervous as our own, is the excellently illus-
trated article by M. Paul Milliet, late pro-
fessor at the Polytechnic Association of
Paris, on the haggard eyes apparent in most
of the extant examples of the later Greek
art. He shows by many instances, drawn
mostly from Pompeii and Herculanoum,
that the Alexandrian artists loved to depict
even their gods as wearing an intense expres-
sion which often resulted in showing the
upper part of the iris with a clear space
between it and the eyelid, instead of half
hidden by the latter, as is generally the
oase when the face is in repose. He attri-
butes this to an excess of nervous excite-
ment, which he holds to be the peculiar
characteristic of the*. Hellenistic period,
and the result of overmuch devotion to
the mysteries of "la religion bacchique."
This may be so, and he is right when he
says that the same expression may be
traced in the insipid portraits of the
Byzantine Empire. We may not go
so far as he does in proclaiming it to be a
mark of degenerescence and " la nevrose
hereditaire," but it may be worth noticing
that that observant satirist Mr. Punch
reproduced it some years ago in the fades
bicyclica, or expression produced by bicycling.
" Le culte de Dionysos, auquel nous devons
les grossieretes de la comedie aussi bien que
l'enthousiasme delirant et desordonne des
lyriques," as says M. Milliet, was hardly to
blame in this last-named instance.
Space fails us to give an account adequate
to their merits of the Egyptian articles of
M. Maspero, M. Iildouard Naville, and Prof.
Wilcken, as well as of many other articles
that we should like to have noticed ; but
perhaps enough has been said to send the
curious reader to the collection. Mention
must, however, be made of the two graceful
epigrams — by Prof. Tyrrell and Prof. Mahaffy
respectively — which are prefixed to the book.
A glance at them will show the instructed
that we still preserve our supremacy in
the delightful exercise of Greek verse, and
we suppose it was only the exigencies of
metre which led the last-named scholar to
grsecize the beneficiary's patronymic as
NikoAAos instead of NikoAoos.
A LAMB REFERENCE EXPLAINED
Readers will be grateful to Mr. Toynbee
for his reference to ' The Two Lovers ' of
Marie de France. The story is, however,
familiar to many, and has been used by
Mr. George Meredith {Once a Week, Decem-
ber 31st, 1859, p. 10) in a ballad which he
has not reprinted. The poem is entitled
' The Crown of Love,' and has a breathless,
but not very reasonable, illustration by
Millais. Paul Chapman, M.D.
*** Other correspondents are thanked for
similar information.
1 THE TREE OF LIFE ' :
A CORRECTION.
February 18th, 1906.
May I request the hospitality of your
columns for giving publicity to a very
necessary correction in my book on religion ?
My friend Dr. J. G. Frazer points out to
me that on p. 195 I represent him as holding
a theory that gods are developed from the
bogies frequently used by early peoples for
disciplinary purposes. On investigating tne
matter I find that my statement has no
foundation whatever. While I cannot ex-
plain how the mistake arose, I am anxious
to correct at once such a misrepresentation
of Dr. Frazer's views.
Ernest Crawley.
CHAUCER'S ANCESTRY.
Woodbridge.
The results of recent researches among
the records of the borough of Ipswich enablo
me to confirm the statement that on his
father's side Chaucer's pedigree is traceable
to Ipswich. His father, John le Chaucer,
was the son of Robert le Chaucer (known
among his Ipswich kinsfolk as " the Sade-
ler "), son of Andrew Malyn, of Dennington,
co. Suffolk, who settled in Ipswich, where
he held a tavern near the church of St. Mary
le Tower. Robert le Chaucer, also known
as Robert Malyn, of Dennington, had a
sister Agnes, whose second husband was
Geoffrey Stace, of Ipswich ; and a daughter
Isabella, who married Thomas de Blakeney,
citizen of London. The poet's first cousins
were Stephen, Joan, and Cristine de Blake-
ney. V. B. Redstone.
THE SPRING PUBLISHING SEASON.
MESSRS. HUTCHINSON & CO.
announce Robert Owen, by Frank Podraore, 2 vols.,
with numerous illustrations, — Carthage and Tunis,
by Douglas Sladen. 2 vols., with numerous illus-
tration,— Liberia, the Negro Republic in West
Africa, by Sir Harry Johnston, 2 vols., with nearly
400 illustrations, — Antoinette Sterling, and other
Celebrities, by H. S. MacKinlay, with illustrations
and facsimilies, — The Real Louis XV., by Lieut.-
Col. Andrew C. P. Haggard, 2 vols., illustrated, — •
From Yalu to Port Arthur, by William Maxwell,
illustrated, — The Arts and Crafts for Beginners, by
F. G. Sanford, with over 200 working photographs,
— Memoirs of Malakoff, edited by R. M. Johnston,
2 vols., — By the Waters of Carthage, by Norma
Lorimer, with illustrations, — The Standard Operas,
by (i. P. Upton, — in the Library of Standard
Biographies, Roseoe's translation of the Memoirs
of Benvenuto Cellini, and Memoirs of Marie
Antoinette, by Madame Campan, — Five Fair
Sisters, an Italian Episode at the Court of Louis
XIV., by H. Noel Williams, illustrated, — The
Deathless Story, by A. C. Addison and W. H.
Matthews, with many illustrations, — France in the
Nineteenth Century, by Elizabeth W. Latimer,
witli 22 portraits, — in the Classic Novels, Tristram
Shandy and The Sentimental Journey, in one
volume, with illustrations by Cruikshank, — and
many volumes in the Popular Classics, including
Bret Harte's Choice Tales and Verse ; Waterton's
Wanderings in South America, edited by W. A.
Harding, and illustrated ; and Leigh Hunt's The
Town, illustrated.
In Fiction : The Far Horizon, by Lucas Malet,—
Ring in the New. by Richard VYhiteing, — Made in
his Image, by Guy Thome, — The Way of the
Spirit, by H. Rider Haggard. — The Spanish
Dowry, by L. Dougall, — Capt. John Lister, by
John A. Hamilton, — In Subjection, by Ellen
Thorneycroft Fowler, — The Artful Miss Dill, by
Frankfort Moore,— The Pride of Life, and The
House of Riddles, by Dorothea Gerard, — The Only
World, by G. B. Burgin, — A Man of No Family, by
C. C. and E. M. Mott,— -Queen of the Rushes, by
Allen Raine, — Thalassa, by Mrs. Baillie Reynolds,
— Love Decides, and A Girl of Spirit, by Charles
Garvice, — The Magic Island, by E. Everett-Green,
— The Wood End, by J. E. Huckrose, — and In the
Name of a Woman, by A. W. Marehmont.
MESSRS. CASSELL & CO.
have in hand : — Travel, History, and Bio-
graphy : Pictures from the Balkans, by J. F»
Fraser, — The Adventures of a Born Tramp, by B.
Kennedy, — The Thames and its Story, with many
illustrations, -Reminiscences of a Radical Parson,
by the Rev. W. Tuckwell, a cheap edition. -The
Hon. F. S. Jackson, by P. C. Standing,— The Story
of Protestantism, by F. H. (Talc
Fiction : A Human Face, by S. K. Hocking,—
The Red Seal, by Morico Gerard, — The Hidden
House, by J. C. Dane, — A Toy Tragedy, by Mrs.
Henry de la Pasture,— The Burglars' Club, by
H. A. Hering, — The Mystery of tho Shadow, by
Fergus Hume, — Highcroft Farm, by ■'. S. Fletcher,
— The Light, by Mrs. Harold G>rst, — The Woman
at Kensington, by W. Le Queux, — Miriam
Lemaire, Money -LcndtJ^ by C. Stanton and H.
Hosken.
Reprints and New Editions: Pocket Editions of
Dante's Purgatory and Paradise, illustrated by
Mure, and other classics, — Wild Nature's Ways,
by R. Kearton, — many additions to the National
Library, in special binding, — and to the Standard
Library, — and Farrar's Life of Christ and other
popular volumes at sixpence.
Science, Technical Manuals, fto. : Electricity in
the Service of Man, by P. M. Walmsley, — The
2:U
THE ATIIENjEUM
N°4087, Feu. 24, 1906
Story of the Sim, by Bit ft. Ball, new edition,
1 "1. t • i i.il 1 'i .i. 1 1. .i 1 ('.uii.itii.il Growing, by W. P.
Wright, Building Obnitruotion, bj Prof. II.
Adams, in tin- "Technical Instruction Series,"
Praotioal Painters1 Work; Practical Bool and Shoe
Pattern Cutting and Clicking ; Iron, ita Properties
jmtl Manufacture; Sanitary Conveniences ; Sanitary
Construction in Building,- and other teohnioal aids
and handbooka
In Art: Stanhope Forbes, AH. A., and Eliza-
lH'th Stanhope Porbea, A.K.W.S., by Mrs. Lionel
Birch, Royal Academy Pictures, 1906, Pictorial
London, Flowers and bow t<> Paint Them, by
Maud XatU'l, a new edition, new serial pub-
lications on The Cathedrals <>f England and Wales,
ami Familiar Trees, by Prof. Bomger, with plates
by W. H. J. Boot and "A. ]•'. Muckfoy.
THE TRUMAN SALE.
MlMBRB. SOTHXBT, Wilkinson & HODGE sold
• on four days last week the general library of the
late Dr. Edwin Truman, which included the
following high-priced books : A'Beckett'a Comic
Histories of Rome and England, original numbers,
1S46, 12/. 15*. Aokermamrs Microcosm of London,
3 vols.. 1808, 151. Aiken's Analysis of the Hunting
Field, lS-iti, 157, Bacon's Advancement of Learn-
ing, 1605, 132. Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy,
first edition (slightly defective), 1621, 167. ">.-. The
Busy-Body, plates by Gillray, 4 vols., 1S16-18,
12/. 15s, Cries of Paris, by C. Vernet, 1(K) coloured
lithographs, IS/. 15s. Dickens's Sketches by Boz,
24 original numbers, 1837, <i.V. 10*.; Pickwick,
original numbers, 1836-7,402. Kk Egan's Life of
an Actor, first edition, boards, uncut, 1825,202. 10s.
Evelyn's Memoirs, extra-illustrated, 1819, 11/. ;
Sculpt ura, 1662, 14/. Goldsmith's Citizen of the
World, first edition, 2 vols., original boards,
uncut, 1762, 44/.; Vicar of Wakefield, 24 coloured
plate6 by Rowlandson, 1817, 10/. 15*. Ireland's
Life of Napoleon, Cruikshank's plates, 1823-7,
17/. Lever's Works, first editions (16), 68/.
Lysons's Environs of London, large paper, coloured
copy, 6 vols., 1796-1811, 10/. 2.1. 6c/. Manning and
Bray's Surrey, large paper, 1804-17, 17/. Marston's
What You Will, first edition, 1607, 15/. 15s. A
volume of plays, seventeenth century, including
The Merry Devil of Edmonton, 1655, 31/. 10* A
volume of twelve plays by Massinger, Ford,
Rowley, &c, 1631-3, 88/. Psalter in English,
IMS. on vellum, imperfect, Ssec. XV., 562. Miseries
of Human Life, illustrated by Rowlandson, 1809,
14/. 10*. Tragicall Raigne of Selimus, 1594 (im-
perfect), 192. 5s. Tragedie of Locrine, T. Creede,
1595, 24/. 10.t. Shirley's Plays (9), original editions,
1633-55, 35/. Albert Smith's Adventures of Mr.
Ledbury and The Fortunes of the Scattergood
Family, first editions, illustrated by Leech, 1S44-5,
362. To*. Smith's British Mezzotint Portraits,
4 vols., 1883, 14/. 10* Catalogues of the Society
of Artists of Great Britain, complete from 1760-69,
numerous illustrations inserted, B. June's copy,
4 vols., 382. Id*. Surtees's Sporting Novels (6),
first editions, 1852-65, 612. Thackeray's Vanity
Fair, original parte, 1847-8,482.; History of Pen-
dennifl, original parts, 1848-50, 10/. .">*'.: Second
Funeral of Napoleon, first edition, 1841, 30/. Van
in parte), 1825-6, 312.
Dr. Truman's engravings, drawings, and carica-
tures will be sold in March and April, and the
Cruikshank collections in May.
The centenary of Mrs. Browning in
March will be celebrated by a memoir of
her by Mr. Percy Lubbock, with a portrait
by Mrs. Bridell Fox. On the same occa-
sion will appear the correspondence
of Browning with two friends of his
.youth, Alfred Domett and Arnould, after-
wards Sir Joseph Arnould, Chief Justice
of Bombay. These letters will appear
under the editorship of Mi. I'. G. Kenyon
with portraits <>f tin- three friends. Loth
hooks will be published bj Me re. Smith
& Elder.
In The Cornhill Magazint for March
' Mi. Gladstone as I Knew Him,' by Sir
Algernon West, gives many persona]
touches of reminiscence. Sir Francis*
Younghusband writes on 'General Homer
Younghusband and Scinde.' ' Some
Natural History : III.' is another of
Dean Latham's sketches of Life in Lam-
beth. The 'Judgment of (Etone,' by
R. A. K., is a Tennysonian parody on
the choice between volunteering, music,
and handicraft at Eton. Mr. W. A.
Shenstone writes ' About Solutions,' and
Mr. W. J. Fletcher on ' Some Forgotten
Admirals.'
The opening article in the March
Independent Review will be on ' The
Religious Difficulty,' by Canon Barnett.
It contains a new suggestion for the settle-
ment of the education question. Mr. J.
Ramsay Macdonald is contributing an
article on ' The Labour Party and its
Policy,' and Mr. Herbert Paul a paper on
Lord Randolph Churchill. Among the
other contributions may be mentioned
' Moketo, Gurth, and Bill Brown,' by the
editor, Mr. Jenks ; ' Satire and Poetry
at Olney,' by Mr. Sidney T. Irwin ; ' The
Situation in Ireland,' by Mr. Robert
Donovan ; ' Shakespeare at the Theatre
Antoine,' by Miss Marjorie Strachey ; and
poems by Mr. Wilfrid Gibson and Mr.
Herbert Trench.
Mr. Stopford A. Brooke is publishing
through Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons another
book on the same lines as ' The Gospel of
Joy ' and ' The Kingship of Love.' This
is a volume of extracts from his unpub-
lished sermons and addresses, entitled
' The Life Superlative,' and deals largely
with social and civic religion. A new
photogravure portrait of the author will
form the frontispiece.
Book I. of Mr. Alfred Noyes's poem
' Drake : an English Epic,' appears in the
March Blackwood. Amongst other articles
' An Underground Republic ' gives an
account of a recent visit to the stronghold
of Damon Grueff, the original organizer
of the Macedonian Committee, and ' The
Kabul Tragedy ' is compiled from the
papers of a survivor of the massacre in
Afghanistan, 1841-2. In 'Scotch Cousins'
some unpublished correspondence gives
a picture of the quaint family life of an
old friend of Walter Scott ; and ' A Camp
of Instruction ' is a sketch of the Indian
army in training " under service condi-
tions."
Mr. Wilfrid Blunt will contribute to
the forthcoming number of The Nine-
t< > nth Century an article on Lord Randolph
Churchill. In reviewing Mr. Winston
Churchill's biography of his father we
said that the records of his relations with
Home Rule were hardly complete ; and
this deficiency Mr. Wilfrid Blunt's remi-
niscences of his former political and
personal friend will do something to supply.
DR. JOHB HaSSOBT, Whose Atomic
Theory of Lucretius' appeared some
twenty go, bas since then kept up
US study of the poet. The high reputa-
tion which his hook enjoy- lends special
interest to the fact that he has now
almost completed for press a much larger
work, 'Lucretius, Epicurean and Poet,'
which will take account of the important
mi and others.
Skvkhai. of the articles in the April
number of The Library will he on Shak-
spearian subjects, the most important
being a description by Mr. Sidney Lee
of the copies of the First Folio which
have been brought under his notice since
the publication of his ' Census.' Another
article of considerable interest will be on
' The Printers of Shakspeare's Plavs,' by
Mr. H. R. Plomer.
A new county, that of Dorset, has been
added to Mr. Phillimore's Register Series.
The volume will be issued to subscribers
in a few days. In its preparation the
editor has been assisted by the Rev.
Edmund Nevill and the Rev. R. Grosvenor
Bartelot. It will contain the marriage
registers of ten parishes.
The Clarendon Press proposes to publish
in the autumn the literary remains of
Prof. York Powell, prefaced by a selection
from his letters and a memoir. A final
appeal for biographical material, and for
the loan of letters, is made by the editor,
Prof. Oliver Elton, to whom communica-
tions should be addressed at 35, Parkfield
Road, Liverpool.
Mr. Montgomery Carmichael lias
just completed a preface for a new edition
of his ' In Tuscany.'
Mr. E. Marston (" The Amateur
Angler") has in the press with Mr.
Werner Laurie ' Fishing for Pleasure and
Catching It.' The volume will contain
an account of various holiday angling ex-
cursions, to which are added two chapters
on ' Salmon and Trout Fishing in North
Wales,' by Mr. R. B. Marston. It will be
illustrated, and printed at the Chiswick
Press on special paper.
Mr. Yates Thompson's lecture on
* Illuminated Manuscripts ' at the Society
of Arts on Tuesday was one of great
interest. The purchase by him at
Messrs. Sotheby's some three years
ago of the second volume of a finely
illuminated (but mutilated) manuscript ;
the discovery of the first volume in the
possession of the French Government ;
and the further discovery at Windsor
Castle, by Mr. Warner of the British
Museum, of ten of the twelve miniatures
which had been cut out of Mr. Yates
Thompson's volume, read more like a
chapter from a romance than one in real
life. The decision of King Edward and
Mi. fates Thompson to have the ten
miniatures replaced in their original
setting, and the volume offered to France,
will, we are sure, be fully appreciated by
the French people. The ten miniatures,
it may be mentioned, are of special interest
because they are by no less a person
than Jehan Fouquet.
N° 4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
235
The death is announced of Mr. David
Johnstone Walker, of the Edinburgh
publishing firm of Bell & Bradfute. This
firm, established in 1734, is the oldest
existing publishing house in Scotland, and
Mr. Walker had been for many years the
sole surviving partner. He was one of
the oldest members of the Edinburgh
Booksellers' Society, of which he was at
one time president. He took a great
interest in education and free libraries
in Xew Zealand, and had often been en-
trusted with important book contracts
by the Government of that colony.
Buens's house at Dumfries is now held
on lease by the Town Council, and is
under the charge of Mrs. and Miss Brown,
granddaughter and great-granddaughter
of the poet. To the relics preserved in
the house a number of important addi-
tions have just been made. These include
a copy of De Lolme ; On the British Con-
stitution,' one of four books presented by
Burns to the Dumfries Public Library.
On the fly-leaf he wrote : " Robert
Burns presents this book to the Library.
and begs they will take it as a Creed of
British liberty — untill they find a better."
Several private collectors have placed a
number of relics on permanent loan.
The death is announced of " Carl
Joubert," who wrote a number of sensa-
tional volumes on Russian subjects, in-
cluding * The Fall of Tsardom,' ' Russia
as It Really Is,' and 'The Truth about
the Tsar and the Present State of Russia.'
1 The White Hand,' a Russian story,
was only published the other day.
The knowledge of Russia displayed in
these volumes was severely questioned by
experts. Little is known of the author,
except that his real name was not, as
generally supposed, Carl Joubert.
A new edition of ' Billiards,' by Major
Broadfoot, in " The Badminton Library,"
has just been published. The history of
the game during the ten years which have
passed since the first edition appeared is
included, and alterations consequent on
the abandonment of the push stroke and
other modifications have been introduced.
Oxe of the most important book sales
of the present season will comprise the
choice library of early printed books with
illustrations, originally formed by the late
Mr. Richard Fisher, and considerably
augumented by his son. Mr. Fisher
obtained a European reputation as an
authority on engravings by and after the
old masters, and the dispersal of his fine
collection at Messrs. Sotheby's some years
ago will be fresh in the minds of many.
The collection of illustrated books, which
will be sold by Messrs. Sotheby in May
next, is as fine in its way as that of the
engravings.
Lord Glenesk presided at the News-
vendors' annual meeting on Tuesday last,
when Mr. W. Wilkie Jones announced
that the year's receipts amounted to
3,252/., this large sum being mainly owing
to the successful festival in October last,
when Sir Horace Brooks Marshall pre-
sided. Four pensioners were elected with-
out having to undergo the expense inci-
dental to a ballot. A small subscription
of five shillings a year for ten years
qualifies a member for a pension of 25/.
When the advantages are considered, it
is surprising that there are not a larger
number of newsvendors' assistants among
the subscribers.
As we have already announced, Lord
Montagu of Beaulieu will preside at the
Readers' Dinner on March 3rd. Among
the guests expected are Lord Desborough,
Sir John Colomb, Sir Richard Temple,
Major-General Sir Alfred Turner, Mr.
E. F. Benson, Mr. Warwick Bond, Mr.
G. K. Chesterton, Dr. W. L. Courtney,
Mr. G. W. Forrest, Dr. William Garnet t,
Prof. Herkomer, R.A., Prof. Mayo Robson,
Mr. Howard Saunders, Mr. Owen Seaman,
and Mr. Francis Skrine. The dinner is in
aid of the pension fund of the London
Association of Correctors of the Press.
M. Axatole France is going to publish
in March his new comedy in one act.
which is of so literary a nature that we
prefer to include this paragraph here
rather than in Dramatic Gossip.
The letters of Alfred de Yigny, spread
over a large part of his life, from 1816 up
to less than half a century ago, have
attracted notice during the appearance
of portions of them in leading French
reviews, and are now published in a
volume.
A book which is to appear in Paris in a
few days, under the name of ; The Women
of the Second Empire,' deals with the
ladies of the Court of Louis Napoleon.
The new volume of M. P. Louvs,
: Archipel,' is not, as some had expected,
classical, like some of the author's work,
but turns out to be a collection of short
stories of modern life.
M. P. Bourget's book is now found to
be a new edition — possibly with some
changes — of a portion of a previous work,
though with a different publisher.
Some particulars have just been pub-
lished concerning the library formed by
Thiers, and included in the late Mile.
Dosne's gift of the Hotel Thiers to the
French Institut. It comprises about
4,600 volumes, and includes a complete
set of the Moniteur Universe! from 1789,
and of the Journal Officii I. its continuation,
up to the year 1903, 385 volumes in all.
There are a large number of presentation
copies, many of which are annotated by
Thiers. The series of maps, drawings,
plans, and manuscripts is also of consider-
able extent.
The death is announced from Munich
of the eminent philologist and classical
scholar Wilhelm von Christ. He was
born at Geisenheim in 1831, studied at
Berlin and Munich, and in 1860 was
appointed professor at the University of
Munich, where he was still lecturing this
term, in spite of his advanced age. His
literary work covered an extensive field.
His ' Griechische Literaturgeschichte ' has
become a standard work in Germany : and
his ' Metrik der Griechen und Romer ' is
well known. He produced an ' Antho-
logia Graeca Carminum Christianorum ' in
collaboration with Pararikos, and a number
of treatises dealing with archaeology.
The late Prof. Menger has bequeathed
his magnificent library to the University
of Vienna. By the terms of his will his
considerable fortune is to be employed in
endowing an Anton Menger Library for
the reproduction of writings which take
up the cause of the people. In politics
democratic writings are alone to be con-
sidered, in theology those that are un-
orthodox, and in political economy those
only in which the point of view is Socialistic
A museum of objects belonging to
Hans Andersen or connected with him
has just been opened at Odense, in the
house where he was born, now the pro-
perty of his native town. A good many
things have already been given to it, and
more are promised by people who knew
the great writer of fairy tales.
At the last monthly meeting of the
Board of Directors of the Booksellers'
Provident Institution, held on Thursday,
the 15th inst., Mr. C. J. Longman in the
chair, the sum of 110/. was voted for the
relief of 56 members and widows of
members. Three new members were
elected.
Some curious rock inscriptions have
been discovered at Khalsi, in Ladakh, by
the Rev. Mr. Francks, of the Moravian
Mission. These show that an active trade
was carried on between India and Yarkand
1.200 years ago, and in sufficient amount
to make a customs revenue profitable.
The inscriptions are dedicated to a customs
official of that period, and are on rocks
overhanging the present main road, and
facing the remains of an old bridge over
the Indus.
The only Parliamentary Paper of inter-
est this week is the Numerical List and In-
dex to the Sessional Printed Papers of
2nd February, 1904— 15th August. 1904,
with a Table and Index to the Public
General Acts of the same Session (la. lid.).
SCIENCE
Travels of a Naturalist in Northern Europe :
Norway 1871, Archangel 1872. Petchora
1875. 2 vols. By J. A. Harvie-Brown.
(Fisher Unwin.)
By name at least, the author must be well
known to our readers from his valuable
contributions on the fauna of Scotland,
noticed in these columns during the last
eighteen years ; and among ornitholo-
gists still living there are few who have
achieved equal fame as a pioneer, for as
early as 1872 he had pressed east-
ward beyond the country which was
explored by John Wollev. and made col-
lections in the district of Archangel.
In addition to the very satisfactory direct
results, definite information was then
obtained which indicated, almost with
certainty, that the breeding-places of
several species of waders must be at no*
great distance further eastward. An ex-
2M<>
THE ATIIKNiKUM
N" 4087, Feb. 24, 1906
pedition was therefore arranged for in-
vestigations in the \ alley of the Petohora
in 1*71. and Messrs. Hat \ ie- Blown and
Danford were at dialing Cross Station,
literally on the eve of starting, when a
telegram from Archangel said, 'Too
late ; roads broken up." So the two
friends made some modifications in their
baggage, and went instead to Transyl-
vania.
In 1875, however, the author reached
the desired goal, accompanied on this
occasion by an equally keen ornithologist,
the late Mr. Henry Seebohm ; and it was
then that the nesting-places of the grey
plover, little stint, and Bewick's swan
■were discovered, for the first time in
Europe. Hitherto the eggs of the former
two had been known only from a few
specimens obtained by Middendorf in
1843, on the Taimyr Peninsula, very
much further to the eastward. Messrs.
Harvie- Brown and Seebohm returned to
find themselves famous in ornithological
circles : the eggs and nestlings of the
plover and stint were figured ; an account
of the entire results of their trip appeared
in The Ibis ; and a book by Seebohm,
entitled ' Siberia in Europe,' soon ran
out of print. Since the days of Wolley's
discoveries in Lapland there had not been
such excitement among British oologists ;
for thirty years ago egg - collectors
were an enthusiastic set. Every year,
however, shows a diminution in the
number of species whose breeding-places
remain unknown ; and when the nesting-
haunt of the great shearwater shall have
been discovered, hardly a blank will be
left in the cabinet of the collector of eggs
of " British " species.
Mr. Harvie-Brown's visit to Archangel
and the Dvina valley has been already
mentioned, and a list of the birds appeared
in The Ibis for 1873 ; but no narrative
had seen the light, and Mr. H. M. Cook,
late British Consul at Archangel, who
had perused important extracts from the
author's journals, strongly urged their
publication, " because they contained
matters of much interest connected with
the Archangel government as it was
known thirty years ago." In consequence
of this and other counsels, it was considered
desirable to print the entire journals kept
during the two expeditions mentioned,
as well as the daily record of a trip to
Norway in 1871 with the late Mr. Edward
R. Alston, who was also the author's
companion on the Archangel visit. There
is a freshness about notes made on the
spot which is frequently wanting in
finished narratives, and we do not com-
plain of the author for having " made no
attempt to rewrite or clothe in new
phraseology [his] original journals " ; but
a great many details respecting his daily
meals are of no permanent interest after
more than thirty years have passed, and
might have been omitted with advantage.
The Norwegian journal is redolent of the
enjoyment of youth, but the route fol-
lowed— namely, from Christiania to the
"Sogne Fjord and Vossevangen — calls for
no particular remark at the present day.
Par more important was then — and would
be now — the journey to Archangel ; and
as the railway in those days ended at
St. Petersburg, it was not altogether
easy. The experiences of the two col-
lectors near Archangel, and also north-
eastward as far as Mezen, are racily
described ; while the scientific results were
valuable.
From this point of view, however, the
third expedition, in company with See-
bohm, was by far the best ; and although
the main features have been somewhat
discounted by the publications already
mentioned, there are to be found in Mr.
Harvie-Brown's journals many interesting
details which do not appear in Seebohm's
book. We have gone through both, date
for date, and have found in the journals
numerous amusing particulars and side-
lights concerning, inter alia, the idio-
syncrasies of the assistants employed in
various capacities. For instance, a Polish
exile had been deputed to watch the nest
of a wild swan in order to identify the
species, and after lying in ambush for
about seven hours, he sent a message that
the swan would not come near the nest.
On reaching the spot Mr. Harvie-Brown
found that a fine beaten path had been
made in a straight line from the nest to a
conspicuous hut, in a wall of which a hole
had been left big enough for a culverin.
Of course, no swan under the blue vault
of heaven would come to its nest in such
circumstances.
Very exciting is the description of the
adventures at Cape Dvoinic, where the
naturalists landed and took up their
abode in a stranded wreck for a week,
while the steamer was engaged in repairing
the beacons, after which it was to return
and pick them up. Bad weather, coupled
with characteristic indifference, caused
delay, and as the Russians employed had
been improvident with their provisions
the party were nearly starved ; but
although they prayed clamorously for
bread, they would not take the trouble
to assist in " rounding-up " the flocks of
geese which were then moulting their
quill-feathers and unable to fly. Mr.
Harvie-Brown by no means limited his
interest to birds, and, as a lover of wood-
craft, his journals contain many drawings
and descriptions of snares and traps for
hares, otters, foxes, and squirrels ; while
several plates are devoted to the reindeer-
harness used by the Samoyeds. The
index is full, and the print clear ; there
are four useful maps, two coloured plates
of the eggs of the grey plover and the
little stint, and many photogravures of
scenery as well as of the coadjutors in
the various expeditions. The likeness of
the author forms the frontispiece of the
first volume ; in the second is that of
Alston, who died in 1881, and, though
less deplored, is not forgotten.
Tfie Tree of Life : a Study of Religion. By
Ernest Crawley. (Hutchinson & Co.) — We
should define Mr. Crawley's book as a brave
attempt to prove that religion is as much a
part of human life, and as much a necessity,
as any other known factor of man's existence.
In this attempt Mr. Crawley makes some
notable contributions to anthropological
.-' 1'iice, discusses fairly and sanely problems
n liidi generally arouse feelings not conducive
to tli> M qualities, and arrives at his conclu-
sion by methods which may properly be
called scientific. We need not point out
that merits of this nature are somewhat rare
in books which deal with religion, and we
therefore welcome all the more cordially
this particular example, even though we do
not agree with Mr. Crawley on ail points.
Perhaps his most significant suggestion
is one that apparently takes but a small
part in his argument, but seems to us to be
almost at its root. At the threshold of his
inquiry we come upon this passage : —
" The history of religious phenomena exemplifies
in the must striking manner the continuity of
modern and primitive culture; but tl,
tendency on the part of students to underestimate
this continuity, and, by explaining it away on a
theory of survivals, to lose the only opportunity
we have of deducing the permanent elements of
human nature."
This sentence at once prepares us for much
that is to follow; but Mr. Crawley leaves
the point itself untouched, except by impli-
cation, until well on in the middle of his
book, and then we have his dictum that
" it may be finally asserted that nothing
which has to do with human needs ever
survives as a mere survival." It will at
once be seen that we have here a new
estimate of the force which survivals play
in the evidence of human progress. They
prove the continuity of modern and primitive
culture. They are part and parcel of modern
life, filling a vacuum which has not been
filled by modern thought, carrying on, there-
fore, the standard of religious belief and
religious ideal from point to point until
they can be replaced by newer ideas and
concepts. This definition of survivals is
very bold. It answers Mr. Crawley's pur-
pose and argument in a way which no other
fact in human history, so far as we can
judge, could answer it. It is the basis upon
which his whole argument is founded.
Occupying such an important place, it
should have received explicit investigation,
instead of being treated as a sort of side
issue of incidental importance.
When explicit investigation is undertaken,
Mr. Crawley's case must, we think, break
down. Survivals are carried along the
stream of time by people whose culture-
status is on a level with the culture in which
the survivals originated. It matters not
that these people are placed in the midst
of a higher civilization or alongside of a
higher civilization. When once the higher
civilization penetrates to them, the survival
is lost. There is not continuity between
modern and primitive thought here, but,
on the contrary, there is strong antagonism,
ending with the defeat and death of the
primitive survival. This is the evidence
wherever survivals can be studied, whether
in the midst of our own civilization, or
even of primitive civilizations, which con-
stantly exhibit traces of older beliefs and
ideas being pushed out of existence by
newer. It is, indeed, a mistake to suppose,
as some authorities apparently do, that
survivals can only be studied when they
are embedded in a high civilization. It
is almost a more fruitful method to study
them when they appear in the lower strata ;
and even in such a case as the Australian
aborigines we think that it is the neglect
of observing survivals that has led to
some of the erroneous theories which have
recently been advanced against Messrs.
Spencer and Gillen's conclusions.
We cannot, therefore, accept Mr. Crawley's
conclusions, though we recognize all the
advantage which must accrue to scientific
N°4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
237
investigation through ideas set forth so
■clearly and patiently as his. Mr. Crawley's
method, if tested in other directions not so
important in its results as that to which
we have just directed attention, is exceed-
ingly helpful, and perhaps his treatment of
myth is the best example of this. He sees
plainly that myth is not mere imagination.
•" The object of historical criticism," he says,
"' being to separate the historical from the
legendary and mythical, it must be careful
not to destroy the historical residuum, if
such there be!" There is no need for the
last clause, for every myth, unless it is the
conscious product of a literary era, contains
as its root a central fact, and that Mr. Crawley
understands this is evident from his inci-
dental definition of science as " modern
magic." This would have been better under-
stood if it had been put the reverse way,
namely, that the magic of primitive peoples
was their science. Mr. Crawley, in this as
in other cases, seems to us just to miss the
true statement of the case. He comes so
near it, and oftentimes in such brilliant
fashion, that it .seems regrettable he did not
take the one step further necessary to bring
him to the final stage of his own thought.
And the present reviewer cannot help think-
ing that one cause of this failure is the
persistent acceptance of the axiom that the
Bible and Christianity have a fundamental
connexion. The life of Christianity is
dependent upon the central teaching of its
Founder, essentially an ethical teaching,
and one often opposed to the principles of
Judaic thought. The Bible is the record of
traditions which contain the scientific con-
clusions of early Judaism, and cannot be
said to contain such a concept as Mr. Crawley
claims for it when he declares that
■" such theories as the Mosaic account of creation
or of the Noachian deluge are scientific according
to the standard of an early age, the science of
which differs from ours, not in kind but in degree,
-and mark an early stage of Revelation."
Surely there is something wrong here.
Revelation cannot be identified with science
by a phrase, and at most, on Mr. Crawley's
own ground, all that can be said is that
these accounts mark an early stage of man's
receptivity for revelation. " Revelation
suited to the stage of culture in which they
appear " is not a phrase one would have
expected Mr. Crawley to use ; and he dis-
appoints by indulging in such playing with
words.
We have said enough to give our general
opinion of this interesting book. For the
rest, Mr. Crawley states the problem fairly,
dealing with the rationalist attack, the
anthropological attack, the methods of
defence, the theories of religion, the origin
of religion, and the function of religion in a
series of chapters which are distinctly valu-
able. Mr. Crawley claims that, if he can
eliminate one invariable factor from the
facts in the history of religion, we shall
have reached the origin of religion. It may
be so, but the point has to be proved, for
even a common factor may not lead to origins ;
and when he declares that this factor is the
conception of the essence of life, we confess
we do not seem to be much nearer the solu-
tion of the problem, for the student of
anthropology may say that man has ever
paused in his career towards the higher
culture to ask the inevitable questions of
himself, Whence am I ? Whither go I ?
always receiving tho answer that it is not
given to man to know. Mr. Crawley has
advanced enough fresh thought for it to be
worth while for anthropologists to re-
examine their material, and they may
perhaps discover many items which have
not been brought into use, but which, in
the light of Mr. Crawley's researches, ought
to occupy an important place. Mr. Crawley
must be content with this position. We
cannot say he has succeeded in proving the
case he puts forward, but we are prepared
to say, and to say emphatically, that he has
made out a good case for the re-examination
of anthropological data which it has been
too readily assumed have yielded their
final suggestions for the history of man.
DR. LE BON'S THEORIES OF MATTER.
Royal Institution of Great Britain, Feb. 17th, 1906.
I will take the statements in Mr. Norman
Campbell's letter — which, I may remark, I
see now for the first time — in their order.
He begins by accusing The Athenceum of
referring favourably to Dr. Le Bon, and
states that its opinion differs from that of the
majority of those qualified to judge. Yet I
find M. Dastre, a member of the Institut,
writing in 1901, after referring to the radio-
activity of matter : " C'est a Gustave Le
Bon que revient le merite d' avoir percu, des
l'abord, la grande generality de ce pheno-
mene," and M. Lucien Poincare, Inspecteur
General de 1' Instruction Publique, speaking
in 1903 of "M. Gustave Le Bon, a qui Ton
doit de nombreuses publications relatives
aux phenomenes d'emission de divers rayon-
nements par la matiere, et qui fut certaine-
ment l'un des premiers a penser que la
radio-activite est un phenomene general de
la nature ...."; while M. de Heen, Professor
of Physics at the University of Liege, in his
work ' La Matiere,' published last year, says
of the disintegration of radium : " Un tres
grand nombre de substances manifestent du
reste des tendances analogues, ainsi que l'a
montre pour la premiere fois le Dr. Gustave
Le Bon." Here are three sufficiently well-
known men of science sharing with The
AtJienceum the guilt of referring favourably
to Dr. Le Bon, and against their opinion I
can find no published utterances save those
of Mr. Norman Campbell and Mr. Whetham,
whose ungenerous, and, as it seems to me,
unjust review of Dr. Le Bon's ' L'Evolution
de la Matiere ' I have mentioned in ' Research
Notes.' Were I to adopt Mr. Campbell's
system of inference, I should suggest that
he considers himself, Mr. Whetham, and a
third unnamed person to be alone qualified
to judge who should or should not be
referred to favourably. In any case, the
balance of learned opinion seems to be
against him, and Dr. Le Bon's claim to have
first pointed out the universal radio-activity
of matter and the disintegration of the atom
to be not at all preposterous, but much
more widely accepted than he would have us
believe.
I come to the charge of intentional vague-
ness, which, according to him, enables Dr.
Le Bon to claim the most diverse discoveries
as variations of his own theory. Yet Dr.
Le Bon, writing in 1900, declared that " les
experiences qui precedent prouvent que tous
les corps de la nature sont spontanement
radio-actifs, et que cette activite n'est en
aucune facon une propriete n'appartenant
qu'a un petit nombre de corps tels que
l'uranium ou le radium." In the same paper
he says by way of summary that " sous
l'influence dc causes tres variees — lumiere,
reactions chimiques, electrisation, &c. — les
corps peuvent subir desetatsdedissociation,"
and that matter thus disintegrated " se
manifesto sous forme de particules infini-
ment petites, anitnoos d'une immense vitesse,
capables do rendre l'air conducteur et de
traverser les corps opaques aussi facilcment
que la main traverse un liquide " ; while
in this state " l'atome ast probablement
dissocio." It is difficult to imagine anything
less vague than these statements, though
the form in which a pioneer worker in a
new field may state his conclusions natu-
rally differs from that in which a teacher
will later deliver them cut-and-dried to a
pupil. In the same paper he further says :
" Si ce ne sont pas les radiations qui agissent,
nous sommes obliges d'admettre que les
actions produites par les corps dits radiferes
du type de l'uranium et du thorium sont
dues a une emanation de matiere emise
par ces corps," which, in view of the
discovery by Prof. Rutherford and Prof.
Dorn of the emanations from thorium and
radium respectively, supplemented by the
work of Sir William Ramsay and Mr. Soddy,
may be accounted another lucky guess — or
rather deduction — in addition to that with
which Mr. Campbell consents to credit him.
I go on to the proofs of the disintegration
of matter, as to which Mr. Campbell will
only allow to be valid those given by Prof.
J. J. Thomson and Prof. Rutherford. I
have nothing to say against either of these,
but if Dr. Le Bon, writing before the Cana-
dian professor had developed his theory of
the changes in radium, chose to accept as
sufficient proofs like the penetration of
matter by infra-atomic particles and the
magnetic deflection of the cathode stream,
who will say that he was wrong ? It
enabled him, at any rate, to formulate, six
years ago, a theory of which Mr. Campbell
is now obliged to admit the sufficiency.
Dr. Le Bon did not claim the Ronteren rays
as a proof of his theory, because he, from the
first, accepted the demonstration that they
were not emissions of matter, but pulses in
the ether, and his description given above
of " particules infiniment petites " and the
rest, shows that he did not think he was
dealing with ions larger than molecules. As
for Mr. Campbell's remark about radio-
activity being in Dr. Le Bon's opinion
induced by heat, it is, as it stands, mis-
leading. It is true that Prof. Rut her ford
has laid it down that the activity of the
naturally radio-active bodies is "sponta-
neous, and not, so far as is yet known, altered
by change in the chemical or physical con-
dition." But he at the same time mentions
that the rate of escape of the emanation is
very much affected by such conditions, and
notably by heat. Now the emanation itself
bears no electric charge, and it is the
active deposit left by it which is the source
of that free emission of Alpha, Beta, and
Gamma rays which gives rise to the radio-
active phenomena. That before these pheno-
mena were completely observed, Dr. Le Bon
should not have been careful accurately to
distinguish between them, and should there-
fore have spoken of heat and chemical
change as " the cause," as they are. in the
cases given, the ultimate cause of radio-
activity, is natural enough. It is the more
to be regretted that Mr. Campbell should
again affect to ignore this explanation,
because it has already been twice given,
first in Dr. Le Bon's book, and then in the
summary of it in No. 4055 of Tht Athenawn.
Passing to Dr. Le Bon's experiments,
which Mr. Campbell pronounces, papaliter
and without instance given, to be crude,
only capable of proving that certain sub-
stances will ionize the surrounding air. and
badly designed, I see much reason to
think that he is unacquainted with the
greater part of them. To ' L'Evolution de
la Matiere ' Dr. Lo Bon appended details of
a few experiments which he states in a pre
fatory note are " tres simples, et, par con-
sequent, facilos a repeter." It is one of
j my causes of quarrel with Mr. Whetham
that he chose, although I have BOme reason
to think that his attention had been specially
2:J8
THE ATIIENtEUM
N°4087, Feb. 24, 1906
drawn to it, to ignore this note, and to state
in his review that " the small-print appendix
contains an abstract of the experimental
evidence on which Dr. Le Hon is content to
rest his theories." It seems to me probable
that Mr. Campbell has been misled by this.
If not, 1 would point out that in addition to
M. di Heen, who in his * Prodrome ' quotes
Dr. Le Bon's experiments frequently, Prof.
Rutherford in ' Radio-Activity ' mentions,
without questioning their validity, his
experiments on " lumiere noire" and the
luminescence of quinine sulphate ; that
Prof. Fleming in his Cantor Lectures alludes
with approval to his " striking experiment "
on electrical resonance ; and that Ur. Parodi,
in a memoir presented to the Institut
Egypt ien, says that he has repeated his chief
experiments on phosphorescence and on the
variability of chemical species with perfect
success. But I am prepared to believe that
it is not every one who can thus follow in
Dr. Le Bon's footsteps. I am not acquainted
with Mr. Carse's work, but the unnamed
case which Mr. Campbell says he investigated
and found capable of a totally different
interpretation seems to be that of the
quinine sulphate. This, as stated in ' Re-
search Notes ' (Athenaeum, No. 4085), Prof.
Kalahne, of Heidelberg, has lately repeated,
with the result that he finds the reaction due
to chemical change, as originally pointed
out by Dr. Le Bon, and not to heat, as con-
tended by Mr. Campbell.
I pass over — for the present, at any rate —
Mr. Campbell's remarks on myself, as being
rather a transparent instance of the device
known as abusing the plaintiff's attorney,
and I come to what he is pleased to call his
summing-up. Here, instead of recapitulat-
ing his diffuse arguments, he rather unexpect-
edly assures us that the theory which Dr.
Le Bon now advocates is correct, the innu-
endo being that Dr. Le Bon has substituted
it for some other only lately. Whether this
is true or ingenuous the reader who has read
the quotations given above can judge for
himself. Mr. Campbell further tells us that
he is— as Dr. Le Bon has been from the
first— a firm believer in the general radio-
activity of matter and the spontaneous dis-
integration of atoms. But in this case why
have he and Mr. Whetham taken pains to
assail with so much virulence the first
promulgator of these doctrines ? His pro-
test of disinterestedness in the face of
barren " wranglings for priority is too
fervent not to remind one of the fox's
declaration that the grapes were sour.
With regard to his kind anxiety lest the
un-" professed " public should think Dr.
Le Bon's writings or methods models of
accepted scientific procedure, he may make
his mind easy. There are more roads than
one to the truth, and, as some of his fellow-
workers have lately had occasion to reflect
the final touchstone of all scientific theory
is not the opinion of the Cavendish
laboratory, but, in the words of Prof.
Karl Pearson, "equal validity for all
normally constituted minds." F. L
J. G. GOODCHILD.
A distinguished geologist has just passed
away in the person of Mr. John George
Goodchild, of Edinburgh. His early re-
searches were carried on among the Tertiary
strata and drifts of the south-east of Eng-
land, but on his appointment as an officer
of the Geological Survey, he transferred his
attention to the old rocks of the north-west,
especially those in the Lake District.
Many years ago he was removed officially
to Edinburgh, where he had charge of the
fine geological collections exhibited in what
is now the Royal Scottish Museum. Mr.
Goodchild was at on<se a successful teacher
and a prolific writer. Many scientific
journals attest his industry and ver-
satility by papers not only on geology
and mineralogy, but also on such diverse
subjects as ornithology, archaeology, and
the study of dialects. Perhaps his most
valuablo published work was based on
his study of the glacial phenomena of the
Eden Valley. For many years he was editor
of the Transactions of the Cumberland and
Westmorland Association for the Advance-
ment of Literature and Science ; and he also
devoted much time to editing Dr. Heddle's
great work on the mineralogy of Scotland.
Mr. Goodchild will be missed from many
iearned societies, where as a clear and fluent
speaker he was always ready to join in
discussions on the numerous scientific topics
which engaged his attention.
SOCIETIES.
Astronomical. — Feh. 9.— Annual Meeting.—
Mr. W. H. Maw, President, in the chair.— The
Report of the Auditors of the Treasurer's accounts
for the past year was read. — The President
announced that the gold medal of the Society had
been awarded to Prof. W. W. Campbell, Director
of the Lick Observatory, for his spectroscopic
researches, which have greatly increased our know-
ledge of stellar motions. The President delivered
an address setting forth the grounds upon which
the award had been founded, and dealing specially
with Prof. Campbell's long-continued and extensive
researches upon the motions of stars in the line of
sight. The medal was received by the American
Ambassador for transmission to Prof. Campbell. —
The secretaries read the Report of the Council,
giving the progress of the Society during the past
year, with obituaries of Fellows and Associates,
reports of observatories, and notes upon the pro-
gress of astronomy during 1905.— The ballot was
then taken for officers and Council for the ensuing
year.
GEOLOGICAL. — Feh. 16. — Annual Meeting. — The
officers were appointed as follows : President, Sir
Archibald Geikie ; Vice - Presidents, Mr. R. S.
Hemes, Dr. J. E. Marr, Mr. Aubrey Strahan,
and Dr. J. J. H. Teall ; Secretaries, Prof. E. J.
Garwood and Prof. W. W. Watts ; Foreign Sec-
retary, Sir John Evans ; Treasurer, Mr. H. W.
Monckton. — The awards of medals and funds were
made (announced in Science Gossip, January
13th). — The President delivered his anniversary
address, which dealt with ' The Influence of the
Geological Structure of English Lakeland upon its
Present Features.'
Asiatic. — Feb. 13. — Lord Reay in the chair. —
Prof. A. A. Macdonell read a paper on 'The Study
of Sanskrit as an Imperial Question.' He first
dwelt on the importance of what may be termed
Sanskritic civilization as having exercised a pro-
found influence, chiefly through Buddhism, on the
life and beliefs of the peoples of the Farther East.
He then went on to show that Sanskrit is the
linguistic key to the vernaculars of nearly three
hundred millions of people in India itself ; and
that Sanskrit literature was similarly the chief
means of explaining historically the modes of
thought and the institutions of the modern Hindu.
Sanskrit ought therefore to be an essential element
in the training of young men preparing to rule a
Hindu population. But though still an optional
subject in the curriculum of the Indian Civil
Service probationers, it had come to be virtually
excluded by the new regulations, which had
reduced the number of optional subjects to one ;
for out of an average of over fifty young English-
men annually going out to India as its future
administrators, hardly two now went out equipped
with even a rudimentary knowledge of the classical
language of the country. After arrival in India
the civilian had no time to learn Sanskrit, nor,
even if he had, could he obtain adequate teaching
in the subject. The remedy for this educationally
deplorable state of things seemed to be to make
Sanskrit compulsory for probationers assigned
to provinces with peculiarly Sanskritic vernacu-
lar I, while those going to other provinces might lw
encouraged to take Sanskrit by a higher scale of
marks foi this language. Turning to the condition
of things in India, the lecturer said that in Sanskrit
the teacher had ready to hand a subject
which, Imtli on the linguistic and the literary side,
could, if properly handled, be made at least equal
to Latin and Greek as an agency for developing
the mental faculties. At present, however, the
subject was by no means bo bandied in India. The
native learning of the Brahmans was a purely
traditional affair, un progressive and uncritical,
because the historical and comparative methods
were completely beyond its ken. Its object was
not, like that of European science, to enlarge the
boundaries of knowledge, but Bimply to hand on
the ancient learning unimpaired from one genera-
tion to another by the exercise of abnormal powers
of memory at the expense of the reasoning facul-
ties. It was hound to die out with the spread of
the English system of education. The latter
would, however, as far as Sanskrit was concerned,
prove a very inadequate substitute in its present
form. In the Government colleges students were
made to depend too much on memory, and get up
their prescribed books in a mechanical way ; while
the curriculum in Sanskrit was not well thought
out, nor were the text-books, as a rule, satisfac-
torily edited. Matters were still worse in regard
to higher studies. For some years past the
Government of India had ceased appointing
Europeans to professorships of Sanskrit, and soon
there would be no Western Sanskritist left in the
country who could be relied on cither for advice in
educational matters concerning Sanskrit, or for the
guidance of native scholars in critical methods of
research. Moreover, though the subject was a
matter of practical and Imperial importance to us,
and did not directly concern any other Western
nation, we had in Great Britain and Ireland only
four endowed chairs of Sanskrit, while Germany
had about twenty-six. There being thus virtu-
ally no prospects now for young Sanskrit
scholars, the study of the subject was inevitably
discouraged. The best remedy seemed to be
the appointment, in each Indian University, of a
trained European to a chair of Sanskrit in associa-
tion with a native scholar. The teaching of
Sanskrit should further be reformed. Under a
well-devised system the ancient language and
literature of India would be a potent instrument in
educating the Hindu mind, in making the Indian
peoples understand their own civilization histo-
rically, and thus bringing about their intellectual
and social regeneration. As a factor in the training
of I.C.S. probationers, it would contribute to
rendering our rule in India sympathetic as well as
just. In referring to the study of Indian antiqui-
ties the lecturer paid a tribute to Lord Curzon for
having, as Viceroy, been the first to place the
archaeological department in India on a firm
administrative basis.
Royal Numismatic. — Ft b. 15. — Sir John Evans,
President, in the chair. — Mr. Howland Wood was
elected a Fellow. — Mr. W. C. Boyd exhibited a
London halfpenny of Henry VI. of the annulet
and rosette coinage. This denomination appears
to be unpublished. — Miss McDowall read a paper
on ' Contorniates and Tabula.- Lusorhe,' in which
she argued that contorniates. inedallic pieces of
disputed origin, were in reality calculi used for
games played on various forms of tahu/te, with
which they can be connected through similar
symbols and inscriptions occurring on both, as well
as through the description given by Isidorus.
They appear to be of numismatic origin ; many
are actual copies of coins (used as draughtsmen by
the ostentatious), and all bear a strong resemblance
to them. The obverse types are usually portraits,
literary or imperial ; and the reverse types are
very varied, including subjects connected with the
circus and amphitheatre, legendar}' scenes, and
representations of daily life. Twelve interesting
types, hitherto unpublished or imperfectly de-
scribed, were then dealt with, these including a
subject from the 'Phcenissse' of Euripides, iu
which the actors wear the full tragic dress,
Hercules spinning in the dress of Omphale, Jason
taming the brazen bulls, and a reproduction of an
important and otherwise unknown coin of Metro-
polis with head of Solon. In connexion with this
paper the President exhibited a series of con-
N°4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
239
torniates and a facsimile sketch of an incised slab
in the Forum at Rome, which from certain sj-mbols
on it, often found also on contorniates, had evi-
dently served as a tabula on which games could be
played. In conjunction with Lady Evans, the
President showed how the game could be played
■after a set of rules which he had drawn up.
Zoological. — Feb. 6. — Mr. 6. A. Boulenger,
V. P., in the chair. — Mr. F. Gillett exhibited a
case of mounted cubs of the timber-wolf (Cant*
occidentali*) which he had obtained in the province
of Keewatin, Canada. — Dr. C. W. Andrews exhi-
bited and made remarks upon some restored models
of the skulls and mandibles of Mceritherium and
Palseomastodon. — Dr. Walter Kidd exhibited lan-
tern-slides of sections of skin from the palmar and
plantar surfaces of twenty -four species of mammals,
and the plantar surfaces of seven species of birds.
The functions of the papillary ridges and the
papillary layer of the corium in connexion with
the sense of touch were alluded to. — Dr. J. W.
•Jenkinson read a paper on ' The Histology and
Physiology of the Placenta in the Ungulata.' —
Sir Edmund Loder exhibited a living specimen
of a dwarf species of cavy, probably the salt-marsh
•cavy (Dolichotis salinicola). — - A communication
from Mr. E. S. Russell contained a description of
Trichorhiza, a new Hydroid genus. — Miss Gertrude
Ricardo communicated a description of the new
genus Melissomorpha, formed for the reception of
■a horse-fly of the Pangonin.t division of the family
Tabanidae, discovered by Col. C. T. Bingham in
Sikkim. — Mr. Harold Schwann read a paper on
the mammals collected at Kuruman and Molopo,
in Bechuanaland, by Messrs. R. B. Woosnam and
R. E. Dent. The specimens, numbering about 120
and belonging to 26 species, were of great interest.
— A communication from Mr. R. Lydekker con-
tained a description of a new species of ratel
(Mellivora) from Central Africa, also^a notice of
the occurrence of a new subspecies of chevrotain
(Dorcatherium) in that district. — Mr. H. G. F.
Spurrell read a paper entitled ' The Articulation
of the Vertebrate Jaw. '
Entomological. — Feb. 7. — Mr. F. Merrifield,
President, in the chair. — The President announced
that he had nominated Mr. Herbert Goss, Mr. E.
Saunders, and Mr. C. 0. Waterhouse as Vice-
Presidents for the session 1906-7. — Mr. H. J.
■Carter and the Rev. W. H. Heale were elected
Fellows. — The decease of the Rev. Joseph Greene,
author of ' The Insect-Hunter's Companion,' was
announced. — Mr. W. E. Sharp exhibited a speci-
men of Lathrobium lnvipcnne, Heer, a beetle new
to the British list, taken by him in a sandpit near
Oxted, Surrey, in August, 1905. — Dr. F. A. Dixey
•exhibited specimens of South African butterflies
belonging to the Nymphalinse, Acnvina?, Danainse,
and Papilioninre, and remarked upon the odours
attaching to them which he and Dr. LongstafF
had observed in the field. He drew attention to
the significance of the fact that scents of an
agreeable nature (as in Pierinse generally, Myca-
lesis safilza, &c. ) were as a rule confined to the
male sex, while those of a disagreeable or dis-
gusting character (as in Acrteinffl and many
Papilios) were often common to both sexes. A
•discussion followed on the organs and uses of
scent for purposes of attraction and defence in
insects generally. — Dr. G. B. LongstafF exhibited
four species of Acres taken in South Africa during
the visit of the British Association, viz., (1) A.
■anemosa, Hew., from the Victoria Falls, and
Mochudi in Bechuanaland ; (2) A. alboradinta,
Auriv. , previously known to Mr. Roland Trimen
by two females only, and considered by him as a
variety 'f anemoaa; (3) A. atotmis, Weatw., to
which Westwood gave the names of atohnis and
<icontias, although there seems no doubt tliey are
one species ; and (4) A. atergatis, Westw., of which
"the two types are in the Hope Collection at Oxford.
— Prof. E. B. Poulton exhibited and read a note
upon two Diptera whiofa had been observed fol-
lowing the bee Andrena labialis, Kirb., by Mr.
A. H. Hamiii, and identified by Mr. <;. H. Verrall
as a species of Chortophila. — Mr. W. (!. Sheldon ex-
hibited a collection of Rhopalocera made by him
in Spain during July and August, 1905, together
with typical European specimens for comparison ;
an aberration of Argynnis aglaia, with the black
blotches on the superiors enlarged and banded,
and with dark suffused ground-colour on all wings ;
an interesting series of Laosopis corydon with var.
hixjtana and forms approaching var. polonus from
the Albarracin Sierra, with intermediates between
all the forms, and also British, French, and
Swiss typical specimens for comparison. — Dr.
G. B. LongstafF read a paper ' On some Rest Atti-
tudes of Butterflies,' and also a paper ' On some
Bionomic Points in certain South African Lamel-
licorns.' — Mr. Roland Trimen c mmunicated a
paper ' On some New or Hitherto Unfigured
Species of South African Butterflies.' — Com-
mander J. J. Walker communicated ' Some Ob-
servations on the Reproduction of Hemiptera-
Cryptocera by Claj'don Hewett, B.Sc.'
Meteorological. — Feb. 21 — Mr. Richard
Bentley, President in the chair. — Mr. E. Mawley
read his ' Report on the Phenological Observa-
tions for 1905.' He said that as affecting vegeta-
tion the weather of the phenological year ending
November, 190o, was chiefly remarkable for the
dryness and mildness of the winter months, the
drought and frosts in May, the long spell of hot
and dry weather in Jul}-, and an exceptionally
cold period in October. Wild plants came into
flower a few days earlier than usual until about
the beginning of May, after which they were, as a
rule, about the same extent late. Most of the
early spring migrants, such as the swallow, night-
ingale, &c, reached these shores in advance of
their average dates. The best farm crops of the
year were those of wheat, beans, and hops ; while
barley, potatoes, turnips, and mangolds were all
over average. On the other hand, the yield of
oats, peas, and hay, was almost everywhere
deficient, the last being the worst crop of the year.
Apples, pears, and plums were in all parts of the
British Isles below average ; whereas the small
fruits, as a rule, yielded well. — The other papers
read were ' Brief Discussion of the General
Features of the Pressure and Wind Conditions
over the Trades-Monsoon Area,' by Mr. W. L.
Dallas, and ' The Dispersal or Prevention of Fogs,'
by Dr. W. B. Newton.
Institution of Civil Exgineeks. — Feb. 20. — Sir
Alexander Binnie, President, in the chair. — The
papers read were 'A Plea for Better Country
Roads,' by Mr. G. R. Jebb, and ' Country Roads for
Modern Traffic,' by Mr. J. E. Blackwall.
Anthropological Institute. — Feb. 13. — Prof.
W. Gowland in the chair. — The Secretary exhi-
bited two clay images used by the A-Kiku3*u of
British East Africa in harvest ceremonies, and a
slide showing four remarkable dance armlets used
by the natives on these occasions. The images are
about nine inches in height, and are very rude
representations of the human figure : they appear
to be greatly venerated by the natives. The two
specimens shown are, as far as is known, the
only ones that have yet reached Europe. — Mr.
A. L. Lewis exhibited a selection of slides of rude
stone monuments, and read a paper on rude stone
monuments in Glamorganshire. He described the
monuments at Tmkinswood, near Cardiff, and the
fine cromlech at St. Lythian's, which hears close
resemblance to that at Kit's Coty House. At
Pontypridd there is a curious group of stones,
consisting of a rocking stone surrounded by two
circles, and two small curved avenues forming the
head and tail of a serpent. This group has been
considered by many to be ancient, and many inge-
nious theories have been woven round it ; but Mr.
Lewis was able to prove conclusively that t lie
stones had not been in position much longer than
fifty years. Mr. Lewis also showed slides of the
dolmen at Lanyon Quoit.— Mr. N. W. Thomas
read notes on ' Deluge Legends,' tracing their
distribution.
Historical. — Feb. 15. — Annual Meeting.— "Rev.
W. Hunt, President, in the chair.— Messrs. J. A.
Balfour, H. (J. Brown, and T. Kemp were elected
Fellows. — The retiring Vice-Presidents and Coun-
cillors were reelected. — Dr. J. Holland Hose was
elected a Member of Council in place of Prof.
'I'. \V. Rhys Davids, who resigned owing to his
appointment in the Victoria University, Man-
chester. —The President delivered an address upon
the progress of the Society and upon the nature
of historical study, with a reference to the
Romanes Lecture of Prof. Rav Lankester.
Physical. — Feb. 9. — Prof. J. H. Poynting, Presi-
dent, in the chair. — The Reports of the Council
and the Treasurer were read and adopted. —
Messrs. F. Kohlrausch and A. A. Michelson were
elected Honorary Fellows. - — The following were
elected officers and Council for the ensuing year :
President, Prof. J. Perry ; Vice-Presidents, those
who have filled the office of President, together
with Dr. C. Chree, Mr. H. M. Elder, Prof. J. A.
Fleming, and Mr. J. Swinburne ; Secretaries, Mr.
W. R. Cooper and Prof. W. Cassie ; Foreign
Secretary, Prof. S. P. Thompson ; Treasurer, Prof.
H. L. Callendar ; Librarian, Dr. W. Watson;
Other Members of Council, Mr. T. H. Blakeslev,
Mr. A. Campbell, Mr. W. B. Croft, Mr. W.
Duddell, Dr. J. A. Harker, Mr. W. A. Price, Mr.
S. Skinner. Mr. S. W. J. Smith, Dr. W. Watson,
and Prof. H. A. Wilson. — Prof. J. Pern- then took
the chair and delivered an address.
meetings next week.
Mox.
Royal Academy, 4.— 'Modern Sculpture,' Mr. W. Goscombe
John.
— Institute of Actuaries, 5.—' On a Form of Spurious Selection
which may arise when Mortality Tallies are Amalgamated,"
Mr. W. Palin Elderton.
— Gresham College, 6.—' The Laws of Light,' Prof. W. H. Wag-
staff.
— Society of Arts, 8.— 'Modern Warships,' Lecture V., Sir W.
White. (Cantor Lecture.)
— Surveyors' Institution, 8.— 'The Assimilation of the Practice
of Quantity Surveyors.' Mr. John Leaning.
— Geographical. N. .'«). — ' Travels on the Boundaries of Bolivia and
Peru." Baron Erland Nordenskj<*ld.
Ties. Royal Institution, 5.— 'Food and Nutrition,' Lecture IV..
Prof. W. Stirling.
— Gresham College. 6— 'The Eye,' Prof. W. H. Wagstaff.
— Institution of Civil Engineers, 8— Discussion on ' A Plea for
Better Country Roads,' and 'Country Koads for Modern
Traffic'
— Anthropological, B.15. — 'Anthropological Notes from Lake
Tanganyika,' Mr. W. A. Cunnington.
Society of Arts. 8.—' London Traffic' ('apt. G. S. C. Swinton.
Royal Academy, 4.— 'The Evolution of Sculpture: Egypt and
Greece,' Lecture I., Sir W. B. Richmond.
Roval, 4.30.
Royal Institution, s— 'The Physiology of Plants,' Lecture I.,
Mr. Francis Darwin.
Gresham College, 6.— 'Optical Illusions,' Lecture I. Prof.
W. H. Wagstaff.
Linnean. 8.—' On a New Type of Stem from the Coal Measures.'
Dr. D. H. Scott: 'Notes on some Species of Nereis in the
District of the Thames Estuary.' Dr. H. ('. Sorby.
Chemical. 8.30.— ' Studies of Dynamic Isomerism: Part IV.
Stereo isomeric Halogen Derivatives of Camphor,' Mr.
T. M. Lowrv.
Gresham College, 6.— 'Optical Illusions,' Lecture II.. Prof.
w. II. Wagstaff.
Philological. &— 'On the Dictionary, and on my Trip to South
Africa,' Dr. .1. A. H. Murray.
Roval Institution, 9.—' Hippocrates and the Newly Discovered
Health Temple at Cos. Dr. K. Caton.
Roval Institution, J.— 'The Corpuscular Theory of Matter,
Lecture I., Prof. J. J. Thomson.
Wed.
TlIl'KS
FBI.
^run« (Gossip.
The Board of Trinity College, Dublin,
have appointed Mr. E. T. Whittaker, of
Trinity College, Cambridge, to the Andrews
Chair of Astronomy, vacant by the death
of Prof. Jolly. This chair carries with it
the title of Royal Astronomer of Ireland.
On Thursday next Mr. Francis Darwin
will deliver the first of three afternoon
lectures at the Roval Institution on 'The
Physiology of Plants,' and on Saturday at
three o'clock Prof. J. J. Thomson begins
a course of six lectures on ' The Corpuscular
Theory of Matter.'
Dr. Gustave Le Bon, whose name will
have become familiar of late to readers of
The Athencrum, has just been elected
Foreign Associate of the Academic Hoyale
of Belgium.
The Twenty-Third Congress for " Innere
Medizin " will take place at Munich from
April 23rd to 26th, under the presidency Of
Geheimrat von Stxumpell. An exhibition
of medical preparations, apparatus, and
instruments will be held, ami a number of
interesting papers have been promised.
Prof. W. H. Pickbbing having recently
called attention to some periodical variations
in the size of the glow BUrrOUnding the small
lunar crater Linne, Prof. Barnard has thought
it worthwhile to examined with the 40-inch
telescope, and his measures have substan-
tiated changes of the kind, though he avoids
endorsing Prof. Pickering's theory of their
• -,,,
T II E A T II EN .KT M
\ KI87, l'i is. .'I. \U(H)
n lii< I. i- <!' i -* »— 1 1 i
«■( I i iii. r during tin-
lunar night h will i I thai
I ifi( <l u i< tnarkable
I be > rati r itself, and
Ilia! li.ii. Ii li tO the
liia. Prof. Barnard finds that it
i. now .ill (about - ile or 3,1
in . 1 deep, wuli a wall of oon-
hiderahlc height.
sun will h< vertical nvt-r the equator
about 1 o'clock nwich time) <>n the
nt'i i i f th< Jl I | r.>\.. w biota ii 1 1
daj of the equinox. The moon will
\h lull ..ii the i\> nins of the 10th, and new
about midnight on the 84th. She Mill be
• arili on the morning of the 13th.
the Hyades cluster Mill be occulted
• •n th< second; disappearanoi of i Tauri at
••Ii. 41i iwich time)) reappearance at
Tli. 45m. The planet Mercuxj will be at
greatot eastern tion from the son on
the 1m!: prox., and will be visible in the
i v ii i>iu about a week before to a week
after that date, situated in the constellation
i' •-. and moving in a north rmntnrljr
tilt. • Venus is also in Pisces, and >ct>
m litii. later each evening; she will be in
oonjui ction with the moon i>n the 86th prox..
and wit!. Mercury (t<> the south of him) on
the 88th. Mar- moves during next month
tr..i into Arii s. Betting about it o'eloek
in tin- evening; he will be in conjunction
with the moon on the :27th prox. Jupiter
i- visible in the evening, situated in Taurus,
between the Pleiades ami the Hyades ; he
will be in conjunction with the moon on the
-"•'tli pi -.turn, being in conjunction
with the ran to-night, will not become
bk ant il April.
\\ have received the first number of
vol. xxxv. of the Memarit detta Societd degli
opisti Italian*. The principal papers
are by 1 rof. Msscari, on the statistics of the
son . faruhe, and protuberances Been
Ht Catania during the second half of 1905,
and observations ol the solar eclipse on
DSl 30th at the Same place, where it was
not quite total. There is also bm article by
M. Hanaky, giving some photographs, with
description, of the solar granulations as
d with the astrograph at Pulkowa.
FINE ARTS
Social Caricatwrt in the Eighteenth Century.
Bj Georgi Paston. (Methuen & Co.)
Cabii 1 1 1 i ■!. was born in Italy, armed
in Bolland, and— says our author — "it
might be added that the art attained
natality in England, the land of the free
|K'iicil no le-s than of the free pen." M .
FUon, the French critic, would account
foi it- popularity in this country on tin-
ground that
" the RngHsh have no taste for abstractions,
i ■ ■ presented to them
m ■ te form. Again, they combine
■ lov< I ■! OlOCkery With a love Ol preaching,
to which predilections may be added a
on of lib. rtj .... Lastly." for the Hriton,
oghi not simply the negation of the
beautiful, l>ut an artistic entity to l»- itadied
and appreciated for its own asaa
()in present author, however, is pre*
pared with an explanation which, though
more prosaic, ii tcarcely more compli-
mcntaiy to our national vanity. She
maintain- that
reasoa sss with
w Iii. Ii t In- Kngliah ih
the oraft (>• found in
the i.'tal lack "I facilitien n.r art trail
in i !..- em l\ • ury . ... In ■
Oature untrained Hbiht\ found and -ci/< d
pportunity . . . . Like the child ami the
the amateur or self-taught artist
mad.- hi- inclining i leiir l>\
i he characl "i In- in...i. I -
bj appending a written explanation of hi-
I . • the unlettered patron of these
popular prints, with oil Saxon love of
allegory, n was the pleasant occupation of
a wr renins, to solve the meenin]
ilematical i Brtoon."
Many of these, indeed would be in
themselves obscure to the more informed
reader oi to-daj ; but Georgi Paston is
familial with the period, and her descrip-
tive comments render this sumptuous
volume an illuminating and instructive
history. It contains :M.'{ illustrations,
beautifully reproduced, and OOveri I
wide field of Knglish life largely be-
neath the notice of serious historians —
the beau numde. the stage, art and
belles-lettres, sport and superstitions.
Although the author's Introduction
occupies only a few pages, it includes a
concise history and definition of the art
illustrated, with summaries of methods
in Caricature and subjects satirized.
rge Paston quotes with approval
Fielding's well-known comparison between
inic and burlesque art " ; she ela-
borates, from contemporary evidence,
the technical training proper for this class
of draughtsmen and the basic elements
of a varying task in humour : she main-
tains that the best caricaturists did not
love ugliness for its own sake, and reminds
us that their portraits were " less libellous
than we are prone to imagine them."
Indeed, we must not too hastily condemn
the coarseness of the artist, for the English
of the eighteenth century, from over-
indulgence and distaste for exercise, were
frequently bloated and unwieldy in figure ;
while the fashionable of both sexes in-
dulged in absurdities of dress and manner
which it would be difficult to exaggerate.
It is perhaps inevitable that the text
of the book itself, being obviously " written
up " to the illustrations, should be less
interesting as a whole, though abounding
in isolated good things. Hut we cannot
help feeling that George I'aston, with her
excellent style and intimate knowledge,
ought to have written a social history of
the century in its lighter aspects, for which
the drawings would have formed a per-
fectly appropriate ornament and inter-
pretation. Her chosen method, of pro-
viding US with what is really no more than
a descriptive catalogue, though enriched
with criticism and quotation from con-
temporary literature, is, in fact, the more
Unsatisfactory from being SO well done.
We are perpetually tantalized by fssjbi-
nating glimpses of history in costume and
manners ; but these lack perspei ti\e. and
moreover, are immediately withdrawn for
a notice of " the next plate"
In other circuni-t .un | | SO I an-ful I
w liter would have been bjSJ arhitiary, or
careless, in devoting so much mOTC I]
bo the i'"\ ab bi itoi i ol tome di
Ii Mil than to that of otl,. i w.aild
have avoided, for example, the 1
[it i< .ii i 'f VValjn
concerning Lad} Mar) M ml the
South Sea Hubble. A- each < 1 1 \ I - i « . 1 1 of
the subject i- independently compli
throughout t he i enl in v, we ed
wards and forwards in date, to the
confusion of an} attempt to form apro*
gless|\ ,. |,|, |
But the materia] is hen-, and we 1.
oo intention of depreciating its value.
ton lias given u* the
history of the century, though
emeai ; while foi student- ..f technique
the volume also afl mple means ol
comparing the best works oi I iree
masters of caricature, Hogarth, Gilh
and Row land-on BO happily contrast 1
by our author.
Hogai t h's great moral and dram
series are, naturally, left untouched ; but
" he was incidentally a cai uat in i-t . and hia
methods undoubtedly influenced t:
of such of lus contempoi -sors
I ted t licir hands at the H is
genius and his example raised the standard
of the art, purged it of many of its puerilities,
and brought it into repute wit!
cultivated taste."
Gillray, on the other hand.
" never hesitated to lnt below the belt, and
too often Bought to make his points by
exposing the infinnities of the body bastead
of attacking the deformities <>i the mind.
While Hogarth cat the world in
the guise of a reformer, Gillray appeared m
that of an executioner, and his favourite
method Of punishment was the torture,
satirist lias ever attacked with such con-
centrated malignity, combined with such
skill in touching the raw, persons in private
life who had done him no w rone— with
whom, in all probability, he had DJ
chanced a word."
Rowiandson worked, to some extent.
under the influence of Watteau and
Boucher : —
'Though he tOO is a dthordant. he lias a
caressing touch ; and even in his enormities
there is an unexpected coquetry that reminds
the critic of those ' jolis clow:
who perform their acrobatic feats in white
kid gloves .... Ruthless towards old |
ugliness, and squalor, he showed a spirit of
universal indulgence to all that was young,
graceful, and charming. Be was on t ho
side of the servants against the mistresses,
of the children against the parents, of
debtors against their creditors, and of all
rebels figamirl established authority. . . .Where
II irth frowned and Gillray struck. Kow-
landson merely shrugged his shoulders and
passed on."
1 ■ ukas-lilmkit : die li< • inuiih des Odysseus.
bm I »r. Peter Qoessler. (Stuttgart, J. B.
Met/ler.) In this little book Dr. (ioessler
undertakes to expound to a wider audience
the theory maintained with such ingenuity
by Prof. Dorpfeld in the afsawssaj I'crrot,
to the effect that the Ithaca of the Odj
is not th(> Ithaca of classical and niodcni
times, but is to be Identified with the island
later known its beucas. Few problems in
Homeric topography have given ri»o to
more discus-ion or more diversity of opinion
N° 4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
241
than the identification of the various
localities mentioned in the Odyssey. On
the one hand there have been those who
maintained that the poetical topography
was purely imaginary, created to suit the
exigencies of the situation ; on the other
those who identified with the minute exact-
ness of a guide-book every locality men-
tioned by the poet in Ithaca or the adjacent
islands. The latter have hitherto had a very
difficult task, for it must be frankly acknow-
ledged by any unprejudiced reader that the
situation of the island now called Ithaca
can only by the most perverse ingenuity
be reconciled with the description given
by Ulysses. To many the other opinion
seems more probable, especially in view
of the theory that the Homeric poems
were composed on the coast of Asia Minor,
and that therefore neither the poet nor
his audience was likely to have any detailed
knowledge of the topography of the Ionian
Islands. A curious contribution to the
controversy is found in the attempts
that have been made to find the originals
of the Homeric descriptions elsewhere —
for example, Samuel Butler's theory of the
Sicilian origin of the Odyssey, and his
identification of all the chief features of
its topography in the neighbourhood of
Trapani.
Even those who are not disposed to
accept Prof. Dorpfeld's theory will admit
that it has given the advocates of actual
as against imaginary topography in Homer
a much more tenable position. If we leave
on one side the geological question whether
Leucas was an island in Homer's time — a
question as difficult and complicated as
the silting up of the lagoons and the extent
of the harbour at Pylos — its position
relative to the coast and to the other islands
can be reconciled with the Homeric descrip-
tion as interpreted by Dorpfeld and Goessler,
especially in view of the well-attested fact
that local navigators tend to regard the
adjacent coast of the mainland as running
east and west, instead of north-west and
south-east. But when we come to details,
the correspondence is almost too complete,
and the ingenuity expended on the identifica-
tion of Laertes's farm, of Eumaeus's stall, of
the harbour of Phorcys and its stone looms
and vases of the Nymphs, arouses distrust
rather than conviction. So, too, the island
Asteris, where the suitors waited in the
" double harbour " for Telemachus. Nor is
it easy to take seriously the argument that
the remark frequently made to strangers
on their arrival in Ithaca, " By what ship
did you come ? For I don't suppose you
came on foot," implies the existence of an
approach by land and a ferry. This too
literal insistence on details may prejudice
some scholars against the new theory, and
so prevent their giving it the consideration
it deserves. It is otherwise with the sug-
gested explanation of the transference of
the names — that the people of Homeric
Ithaca, driven out of their home by the
Dorians, transferred its name to the island
that was before called Same, and that the
people of Same similarly transferred them-
selves and the name of their city to Same
in Cephallenia. This suggestion is ingenious,
and even probable, though it lacks evidence
to confirm it. The illustrations, from admir-
able photographs, show the beauty of Leucas,
and make clear the topographical argument.
There is little doubt that those who look
for an actual original of the poetical descrip-
tions of the Odyssey will do better to seek
it in future in Leucas rather than in the
modern Ithaca ; but the old controversy
between realists and idealists is not likely
to bo assuaged by this or any other theory.
LEATHER BINDING.
Report of the Committee on Leather for
Bookbinding {Society of Arts). Edited by
Viscount Cobham and Sir Henry Trueman
Wood. (Bell & Sons.)— This is the per-
manent form of the epoch-making report
first issued in July, 1901. Every one
interested in the subject must obtain this
edition, for not only does it contain a large
number of plates illustrating the effect of
light, heat, &c, on bookbinding leather,
dyed or undyed, and of diagrams illus-
trating the text most usefully, but also with
these there are a number of additional
sections of the highest value, dealing with
the strength of the skins, the causes of
decay in leather, the preservation of books,
and the fading of coal-tar colours in sumach-
tanned leather. Mr. Cobden-Sanderson, Mr.
Cockerell, and Lord Cobham, who initiated
the movement ; the Society of Arts and
the Leathersellers' Company, who supported
it ; and the members of the committee,
have deserved, and should receive, the
grateful thanks of book - lovers. Their
labours have arrested the production of
the perishable bookbinding leather used,
even by our best binders, no more than
five years ago, and made it possible for
artists and the public alike to obtain good
material without difficulty.
Leather for Libraries. By E. W. Hulme
and others. (Library Supply Company.) —
This little volume is produced under the
direction of the Sound Leather Committee
of the Library Association, and consists of
five essays of unequal importance : on the
history of bookbinding leather in this country,
by Mr. Hulme, of the Patent Office Library ;
on the causes of its decay, by Dr. Parker, a
well-known leather chemist ; on its cha-
racteristics and provenance, by Mr. Seymour-
Jones, a tanner ; on the repair of books,
&c, by Mr. Davenport, of the British
Museum ; and on the fitting of a small
bindery (a hideous term), by Mr. Williamson.
Mr. Hulme's historical account shows that
sumach tanning was introduced into England
early in Elizabeth's reign, and soon spread
over the country. English tanners were
introduced into Scotland by Lord Erskine
in 1620. The use of sulphuric acid in tanning
is due to a Dr. McBride, of Dublin (1768) ;
it became general with the invention of
aniline dyes. To-day all leathers, except
for boots or machinery, may be said to be
prepared solely with a view to their appear-
ance. Uniformity and brilliance of colour
are obtained by the reckless use of strong
acids, which destroy the fibre of the leather ;
inferior sheepskins are grained to imitate
highly priced morocco or pigskin, and when
this deteriorated material comes into the
bookbinders' hands, it is pared down to a
thin layer destitute of any power of resist-
ance. It is not surprising that librarians
and others have raised frequent complaints
against this state of things. Search was
made for the cause of it, and the first answer
given was the " Bulphur in the coal gas "
theory. But libraries in which no artifical
light was used suffered in almost an equal
degree. At last matters got to such a
point that no sensible man would have a
calf-bound book in his library, and morocco
or buckram was the only reasonably safe
binding for permanent use. Then a small
committee was formed to initiate inquiry,
which produced the standard volume just
noticed. Sumach - tanned leathers seem
to be by far the best, the catechol-
tannins being unsuitable. The use of
sulphuric acid in any form is absolutely
condemned ; and strong light is found to be
harmful. The Library Association, working
on this basis, have appointed an official
examiner of leather, who will report on the
nature and suitability of any sample of
leather at a small fixed rate. A certain
number of manufacturers have taken up the
matter, and make sound bookbinding leather.
H.M. Stationery Office has drawn up a speci-
fication insisting on proper manufacture of
the leather supplied to it, and, if they will,
librarians now have the matter entirely in
their own hands. They have only to insist
that the leather used for binding shall
(1) not be "stripped," retanned, or arti-
ficially grained ; (2) be genuine as described,
tanned with pure sumach, or oak and sumach
without the use of mineral acids either in
tanning or in binding. The binder, who
buys from a leather broker, will doubtless
be unwilling to give this guarantee ; but if
his customers insist on it, he will be forced
to obtain a similar warranty from his brokers,
and these from the tanneries. The fact that
there are leading firms ready to give their
warranty makes this moral compulsion easier.
Unfortunately, a serious problem is before
us as to what is to be done with the decaying
bindings already on our shelves. No effi-
cient preservative has yet been found. It
is well for those using polishes, &c, to bear
in mind Dr. Parker's warning against
mixtures containing turpentine. Un-
doubtedly the best preservative is the natural
oil of the skin. Books in constant use do
not dry or crack. Vaseline evaporates too
readily, and leaves the binding worse than
before. Lanoline is just better than nothing.
In our experience a solution of paraffin wax
in castor oil, very lightly applied, gives the
most satisfactory results as a softener and
preservative. A good furniture polish, free
from turpentine, may then be used.
The existence of an official leather analyst
is a great step in advance. We strongly
commend Mr. Davenport's advice to libra-
rians : " Do not accept any bindings except
under a guarantee that they contain no
sulphuric acid, and even then send a six-
inch strip of the leather for examination."
This little work should be in the hands of
every librarian, bookbinder, and owner of
books.
The Decoration of Leather. From the
French of Georges de Recy by Maude Nathan.
(Constable & Co.) — This workmanlike book
differs considerably, and for the better, from
its French original, which appears to have
been intended by its author to exploit the
capabilities of leather as a medium of decora-
tion in the style of the Art Xourcau. In
this edition many of the French plates are
superseded by examples of leather work,
ranging from the Winchester Book and the
best work of the fourteenth and fifteenth
centuries to English leather work of our own
days — less pure and vigorous in style,
perhaps, than its predecessors, but free
from merely perverse eccentricities. The,
book appeals to a growing class of amateurs,
willing to work, and capable of acquiring
the requisite dexterity. Any one with a
reasonable aptitude in the use of tools, and
(what is indispensable) a feeling for the
limitations of the medium, should by the
aid of this manual be able in a reasonable
time to produce respectable results. Of
course, no one expects to learn an art without
a master, but it should considerably facilitate
a student's progress. One thing only st rikes
us unfavourably about the )iook, and that
is the cool way in which leather-workers
Seem to allow* themselves to treat their
material. Acids which in a few years will
reduce their work to chips and dust are
applied to it, apparently in the belief thai
they can be washed out when done with.
Alkalis which destroy the very Bubstance
'![■!
THE ATHENAEUM
N°40S7, Feb. 24, 1906
of the fibre axe also as light-heartedlj am d.
*• Boda baa the stum' effeol aa potash, exo< pi
that it is a little leea strong ; 1 >* » * 1 * Bubetaneea
have always been much employed in dyeing
.skins": the author is here speaking or
oauatio Boda and potaah. "Sulphate of
iron.... is also somewhat injurious. It is
useful, however," &0. "Colours obtained
from potash and sulphate of iron are much
used for groundwork." "The dye may be
removed subsequently by decolorants.
Sulphuric, hydrochloric, oxalic, nitric, or
muriatic [sic] acid, diluted with water in
the proportion of one in five, can be used
for this purpose." An artist who sells
leather-work treated in this way, without
informing his client that his purchase is
doomed to speedy disintegration, is, con-
sciously or otherwise, deceiving him. A
man buys a piece of fine leather-work because
he knows that if it is properly kept leather
is one of the most durable of materials. The
solitary consoling reflection is that posterity
will be saved the bewildering contemplation
of their ancestors' Art Nouveau.
THREE EXHIBITIONS.
THE LEICESTER GALLERIES.
The exhibition of works by Mr. Charles
Sims at the Leicester Galleries affords an
interesting presentment of the art of a pro-
mising painter of the younger generation in
its formative period. Nine out of ten of
the works shown are sketches in water
colour, some of which may be said to be
studies in various manners. For example,
the Nocturnes Nos. 32 and 33 and the pretty
sketch of moonrise (No. 53) approach the
method and the faculty of vision of Whistler,
and the same influence is seen in Nos. 31
and 36 — bright stretches of sand dotted
with bathing tents, and ladies in light
summer dresses, with children digging and
flying kites. In like manner the scenes in
parks and watered woodlands where figures
are reclining in siesta have something of the
spirit, and much of the influence, of Frago-
nard and Boucher. In others, again, of the
more mythological sort, there are memories of
the brilliant colour visions of Tiepolo ; and
in a few there are traits in common with the
work of Bocklin. In thus attempting to
recount some of what we conceive to be
tutelary influences we are not unconscious of
the presence of a certain native grace and
delicacy of colour, a daintiness of conception,
and a fantastic humour effective on occasion.
The quotations of Scripture used as titles
for many of the sketches tend sometimes to
darken counsel, but their application is
usually intelligible after a careful study of
the picture. Hide Thyself for a Little
Moment is one of the easier. It represents
a girl playing hide-and-seek with a child
upon a sand dune. It is very delicate and
charming in texture, and the drawing is
spirited and free. Mr. Sims's boldness in
use of colour is effectively displayed in the
note of crimson of the girl's sash, which
contrasts admirably with the greens and
browns of grasses and sand dunes.
The child's head seen in shadow, with
curly tangled hair, has something of the
elfin 'ook of Hornel's children, and the same
analogy strikes us in the large oil painting
of children peeping through foliage entitled
Beech Boughs. Sunshine and Wind, a
sketch in oils with the same two figures,
shows skilful brushwork. Here, as in his
picture in the Independent Art Exhibition,
Mr. Sims is especially successful in rendering
the action of the wind upon the light fabric
of the dress.
The composition of Jack Frost suffers
from the lack of structural lines in the
lower half of the picture. In their absence
the tangle of bracken and bramble beCOl
uninteresting. The large oil Weuhmg Day
has very successful portions, notably the
painting of the linen and of the head of the
woman in shadow on the right. As a whole
it lacks unity. The figures do not seem to
bo there for any other purpose than to mako
a group for the painter. The red skirt on
the right is not an entirely successful attempt
to introduce variety in the scheme of colour.
It seems to dominate the whole too insist-
ently.
The most attractive of the works in oils
is the Bacchus and Ariadne. Here the
colours are completely harmonious, and
entirely subdued to the disposition of the
light. The figure of Ariadne seen in shadow
is very skilfully modelled. The translucency
of the air above the car of Bacchus and the
dim figure with lifted arms seen against the
sky are like a fantasy of Tiepolo's.
FROM THE ALPS TO THE APENNINES.
The exhibition of water-colours entitled
' From the Alps to the Apennines,' by Miss
Evelyn J. Whyley, now visible in the rooms
of the Fine-Art Society, portrays scenes in
Italy and Switzerland with much fidelity of
colour and exact interpretation of atmo-
spheric conditions. It attains a high and a
remarkably even standard of execution. Of
the various architectural studies we may
cite as among the most effective the South
Porch — Bergamo Cathedral, the West Door,
Verona Cathedral, and A Lombard Tower,
Susa ; these, and more especially the last,
have a suggestion of Prout's Italian studies
in their simplicity and sense of stillness, and
in the impression they convey of the air as
steeped in sunlight. In like manner the
scenes of Swiss lakes and mountains may
be said to breathe the inspiration of Turner.
It is certainly perceptible in the two delicate
studies of sunrise, The Sun's Awakening
Touch : the Gemmi, and Flush of Sunrise,
Montreux. In the former the sun is touch-
ing the clouds which lie wreathing the base
of the rock ; in that on Lake Leman its
action on the misty air and its faint flush in
the water are rendered with much subtlety
and power. We may also mention the
Daybreak, Lago di Garda, and the Lovere,
Lago d'Iseo, as among the most delightful of
the lake scenes.
Among the studies of Italian hill towns,
which constitute the most numerous section,
one of S. Gemignano excites comment, if only
from the fact of the sky being overcast ; the
changing tones of the plaster and stones of
walls and towers as seen in the diffused light
are rendered with great delicacy of touch.
The foliage of the olives in the foreground is
perhaps somewhat too opaque. Of the
group of studies in and about Assisi we like
best Hazy Dawn, the Town of St. Francis,
in which the huge buttresses of the monastery,
seen from the valley, loom impressively
above the light morning mist ; and as a type
of several we may note a sketch of Signa,
looking over the shoulder of the hill, across
the valley of the Bisenzio, to the hills
beyond : the air of the valley seems tremu-
lous with heat, and the lights and shadows
of the distant hills are excellently rendered.
Lovers of Italian scenery will find much to
interest them in Miss Whyley's work.
THE GRAVES GALLERIES.
The series of landscape paintings in water
colour by the Baroness Helga von Cramm
comprise picturesque scenes in England,
Germany, Switzerland, Italy, the Riviera,
Madeira, and Egypt. They are rich in
interest to the traveller, and we are all
travellers nowadays. However, the Baron-
ron Cramm has a happy knack of -■ 1
ing pretty and effective subject-, and a truo
eye for colour; but over-close adherence to
iletuil, a timidity of execution, and a lack
of power to render property the gradations
of distance militate considerably against the
urtistic value of her work. Her di-tant
outlines are apt to be too definite ; her
grounds lack the requisite boldness of
treatment. So the prettily arranged sketch
of part of Sorrento, a^ seen from the
would gain in effectiveness if the ripples
of the water in the near foreground were
proportionately larger than those further
away. The Chalets at Zermatt is a pleasing
sketch which presents very effective con-
trasts of colour in the browns of the timber
houses and the greens of the Alpine pasture ;
and The Blue Lake, near Kandersteg, with
the branches of the submerged pines seen
through the water, is a very picturesque
conception. In the Antique Doorway, Both-
enburg, and the facade of An Unknown Blue
Mosque in Cairo — the latter lustrous with
Persian tiles, the former soft with the gi
and greens of sculptured stone — the artist's
care in treatment of detail is very effective
in result ; and of the various sea pictures
we may mention The Harbour of Las Palmas
and Camera di Lobos, a Fishing Village on
Madeira.
SALES.
Mkssrs. Christie sold on the 17th inst. the
following pictures : P. Bordone, Portrait of a
Lady, in rich crimson dress, a gentleman standing
behind her, 462/. Early English, Portrait of a
Lady, in grey and white dress, 609/. Gains-
borough, a Young Girl, seated in a landscape, with
a pitcher, 199/. Giorgione, Portrait of a Lady, in
rich slashed dress, holding a fan, 1I<»/. Andrea
Mantegna, St. Peter, and Three Other Saints,
924/. A. van Ostade, a Tavern brawl, 168/.
C. Janssens, Portrait of a L\dy, in dark dress,
147/. Lawrence, Miss Drake, in white dress, 31.5/.
J. Ruysdael, A Rocky Waterfall, 168/. J. de
Mabuse, The Virgin and Child. 105/. A. Canaletto,
The Quay of St. Mark's. Venice, 346/. 3.
Marieschi^ The Rialto, Venice, 210/. ; A Canal
Scene, Venice, 131/. Venus, a drawing by F.
Boucher, fetched 10")/.
The same firm sold on the 19th inst. a drawing
by S. Prout, Market Figures in an old Town. ,Vf/.
On the 20th inst. the same firm sold the follow-
ing etchings and engravings : The Breaking-up of
the Agamemnon, by Sir F. Seym ur Haden. 2.V.
The Kitchen, by Whistler, 30/. Turner's Liher
Studiorum. 71 plates, with 14 of the Etchings, and
a duplicate of Calm. 525/. Henrv, Duke of Nor-
folk, by J. Becket, 37/. After Morland : Bathing
Horses* by W. Ward, 35/.; Giles, the Fanner's
Boy, by the same, 52/. ; The Thatcher, by the
same, 29/. ; The Warrener. by the same, 30/. Inside
of a Country Alehouse, by the same. 46/.; The
Turnpike Gate, by the same, 27/.: The List Litter,
and The Hard Bargain (a pair), by the same, 162/.
Paying the Hostler, by S. W. Reynolds, 53/.
Innocence Alarmed, by R. Smith, 43/. The First
of September : Morning and Evening (a pair), by
W. Ward, 113/.; The Farmer's Stable, by the
same. 77/.: The Sportsman's Return, hv the same,
46/.: Feeding the Pigs, by J. R. Smith. 73/. ; The
Return from Market, by the same. 117/.: The
Farmyard, and The Farmer's Stable (a pair). 84/.;
The Contain, and The Horse Feeder (a pair), by
J. R. Smith. 7")/.: Breaking the Ice. and Milkmaid
and Cowherd la pair), by the same. 56/.; The
Fisherman's Hut. and Selling Fish la pair), by the
same, 67/.: Stable Amusement, and The Puhlic-
house Door (a pair), by W. Ward. 1891.; Tho
Country Butcher, by T. Gosse, 33/.; Sailors' Con-
versation, by W. Ward, 30/.; A Conversation, and
Peasant and Pigs (a pur), by J. R. Smith, 86/.;
Fishermen Going Out, and Fisherman on Shore (a
piir). by S. W. Reynolds and W. Hilton, ">4/. ;
Nurse and Children "in the Fields, by G. Keating,
and The Kite Entangled, by W. Ward, 63/. After
W. Owen : The Roadside, by W. Say, 25/. A
Christmas Holiday, by and after J. R. Smith, 29/.
After Liwranson: A Lady at Haymaking, by
J. R. Smith, 32/.
N°4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
243
3fttu-^rt dtossip.
Messrs. T. Agnew & Sons are showing
some examples of ' Independent Art of
To-day,' English, Scottish, and Irish.
Messrs. Colnaghi have on view a selec-
tion of engravings and colour prints after
Reynolds, Romney, and others.
At Messrs. Obach's galleries Dutch water-
colour drawings by Sir John C. Day are on
view.
At the Rowley Gallery ' Belgian Water-
colours ' are on view.
Thirteen women artists are showing
sculpture, paintings, and miniatures at the
Dore Gallery next week. The private view
is on Friday and Saturday. A day earlier
Miss Patience E. Bishopp opens an'exhibition
at the same place of ' Sketches in Town and
•Country.'
The forty-fifth annual exhibition of the
Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts is
now open.
Mr. F. G. Stephens, our art critic for
many years, sent to The Times of Friday,
the 16th inst., a vigorous denunciation of
Mr. Holman Hunt's charges against him in
* Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite
Brotherhood.'
There is about to appear in Paris a fine
illustrated volume on Gustave Courbet.
A volume with a preface by M. Bataille,
the dramatic author, contains a clever series
of drawings, slightly suggestive of Gavarni,
concerning " Paris, Province, Etranger."
A work on Monet which appeared five
years ago with coloured illustrations is now
republished in a smaller edition, with twelve
new and original compositions, wholly differ-
ent from the illustrations of the previous
book, which was also well turned out.
The Societe des Artistes Francais are re-
organizing their scheme of retiring pensions
for such members as have fallen on evil days.
At the beginning of last year 107 artists
were compelled to accept a pension ; by
January 1st in this year 15 of these pen-
sioners had died, but there were 18 new
claimants. We are glad to hear that the
fund for pensions lias been increased from
947,479fr. to l,02S,382fr.
The death in his fifty-eighth year is
announced from Vienna of the genre and
portrait painter Eduard Charlemont, who
was a pupil of Makart, and noted for his
pictures of children.
M. Loys Delteit,, the Paris engraver and
expert, who has already published an im-
portant work on Honore Daumier, announces
the first volume of ' Le Peintre-Graveur
Illustre.' It will appear next month, and
will be devoted to Millet, Th. Rousseau,
Jules Dupre, and J. P>. Jongkind. Instead
of the usual descriptive text, each engraving
will be represented by a much reduced
facsimile, and the text will consist chiefly
of a description of the various states, and
the prices realized at auction during the last
twenty years.
Although Paul Verlaine'a monument is
not yet erected at the Luxemburg, his
memory is being perpetuated at the nfusee
Caroavalet, to which M. F. A. Cazals has
just presented a death mask of the poet.
The same museum lias lately received some
other interesting relics, including a mirror
which once hung in Voltaire's study; a
lock and key from the famous debtors'
prison at Clichy ; and the " cocardes " worn by
Robespierre at the Jacobin Club and by
Saint-Just at Wissembourg.
The Antiquary for March will include the
following articles : ' Mary, Queen of Scots :
being some Account of her Connexion with
Art and Letters,' Part I., by Mr. W. G.
Blaikie ; ' An Illustrated Note on the
Church of St. Fiacre in Brittany,' by Mr.
Warwick H. Draper ; ' Old Heraldic Glass
in Brasted Church,' by Dr. W. E. Ball (con-
clusion) ; ' Notes on the Old Church Bands
and Village Choirs of the Past Century,' by
the Rev. F. W. Galpin (illustrated) ; and
' Destiny and Wizardry in the Northern
Sagas,' by the Rev. W. C. Green.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
Queen's Hall. — Mr. Newman's Benefit
Concert.
Mr. Robert Newman's benefit concert
took place last Wednesday week, when
the programme consisted entirely of
overtures, from Mozart to Tscha'ikowsky.
To select overtures likely to please the
public is one thing ; to present those
which best exhibit the different phases of
the overture from the days of Mozart
onwards is something different. If the
latter was the scheme intended, then
' Leonore ' No. 3 would have been better
than ' Egmont,' while ' Mignon ' might
well have made way for a Gluck overture.
That Wagner should occupy nearly the
whole of the second part was natural
enough, for in his overtures we find how
he first followed classical lines, and finally
created a form for himself. The various
performances under Mr. Henry J. Wood's
direction were excellent.
Bechstein Hall. — Mr. Theodore Hol-
land's Concert.
Mr. Theodore Holland gave a concert
at the Bechstein Hall yesterday week,
when the programme, with the exception
of the last number, was devoted to his
own compositions. Now although, on the
whole, they show a skilful and fluent pen,
and though some of the songs are pleasing,
and the violin solos, Romance, Ballade,
and Canzonetta — admirably performed by
Herr Carl Halir — very tasteful, yet simi-
larity of style caused a certain feeling of
monotony. Mr. Holland was a student
of the Royal Academy of Music, and after-
wards of Prof. Joachim at the Hochschule,
Berlin. The concluding number of the
programme was a Pianoforte Trio in
f sharp minor, Op. 84, by Herr Max
Reger, a composer whose works have
been much played in Germany. He
studied under Dr. Hugo Riemann, and
at present he is professor of the Organ and
Composition at the Munich Academy of
Music. Of his great ability there can be
no question, but, as we remarked last
week in writing about a simple song of his.
most of his compositions show more of art
than of nature ; and among works of this
kind we should include the trio in question.
Queen's Hall. — Symphony Concert. M.
Delafosse's Orchestral Concert.
Madame Teresa Carreno was the pianist
at the Symphony Concert last Saturday
afternoon, and her reading of the Tschai-
kowsky Concerto in b flat minor was
strong and vivid. She plays in what may
be termed a grand style, while her command
of the keyboard is absolute. Mr. Wood
recently placed a Mozart symphony at
the head of a programme which ended
with Strauss's ' Don Quixote,' and at the
concert now in question Haydn's ' Le
Midi,' an early yet characteristic symphony,
was opposed in similar manner to ' Helden-
leben.' As Mr. Wood is making a special
feature of Strauss's music, we naturally
presume that he thinks it epoch-making ;
we should not, however, be surprised if,
in the long run, the public, weary of
clever and complex symphonic poems,
turned for rest and refreshment to the
symphonies of old, yet ever new masters.
M. Leon Delafosse, who gave an orches-
tral concert at Queen's Hall on Monday,
is a pianist of great skill. He has con-
siderable technique, and his touch in soft
passages is remarkably delicate ; in loud
passages, however, his tone becomes some-
what hard, and consequently unsympa-
thetic. He charms at one moment, dis-
turbs at another : the rendering of
Chopin's Prelude in D flat, for instance,
was delightful, while that of the Q flat
Etude, Op. 10, No. 5, was unpoetical, and,
moreover, spoilt by certain additions.
To increase the difficulty of the composer's
music may show off M. Delafosse's fine
technique, but it does not improve the
music. In a well-written, though super-
ficial ' Fantaisie ' for pianoforte and orches-
tra the pianist-composer achieved success.
The London Symphony Orchestra was
under the direction of Mr. Landon Ronald.
ittttGiral (Bossip.
Msss Kathleen Chabot. who gave a
pianoforte recital at the .Eolian Hall last
Monday evening, has studied with Miss
Fanny Davies, whose style she reproduces
with fidelity. To her performances of Beet-
hoven's 'Moonlight' Sonata, three harpsi-
chord pieces by Scarlatti, and a group of
Mendelssohn's ' Songs without Words ' the
young artist brought a sound technique,
good taste, ami refinement of style, and she
had no difficulty in pleasing her audience.
Another very promising pianist is Miss
Irene Scharrer, who at her recital in the
same room on Tuesday evening made a
strong impression by reason of her lino
technical equipment and the remarkable
intelligence which she brought to bear upon
her reai lings of the chosen work>. The
youthful artist's command oi varied expres-
sion enabled her to present Chopin's Ballade
m G minor and Nocturne in E sharp ill
a singularly attractive manner, while her
performance of Beethoven's 'Moonlight'
Sonata was notable for earnestnc— . feeling.
and refinement o\ style. If she continues
to study hard, Mi>s Scharrer should make
a name for herself.
Fovk special Saturday afternoon concerts
are to be given at the Crystal Palace on tlio
24J
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4087, Feb. 24, 1906
following dates : March 3rd, loth, anil :Hst,
and April 7th. At th<- first and third the
London Symphony Orchestra will bo under
the direction <>f Mr. Walter W. Hedgcook.
On March 10th and April 7th there will be
violin recitals, by Mischa Elman and Miss
Vivien Chartrea respectively.
Two cycles of the ' Ring dee Nibelungen,'
under the direction of Dr. Hans Richter,
will he included in the regular opera season
at Covenl Garden, which opens on May 3rd.
The dates of the cycles are as follows:
May 4th, 5th, 7th, and 9th ; and 12th, 14th,
16th, and 18th. The work will be given
without cuts, and the hours of commence-
ment will be 8.30 for ' Rheingold,' 5 for
'Die Walkiire ' and 'Siegfried,' and 4.30
for ' Gotterdammerung.' There will be the
usual interval of an hour and a half after
the first act of the last three sections.
The season's repertoire will include
Gluck's "Armide,' Cornelius's 'Barber of
Bagdad.' Tschaikowsky's 'Eugene Onegin,'
Massenet's ' Le Jongleur de Notre Dame,'
and E. Poldini's 'Der Vagabund und die
Prinzessin,' and possibly other novelties.
Among the artists engaged are Mesdames
Melba. Destinn, Agnes Nicholls, Giachetti,
Wittich, Kirkby Lunn, Reinl, and Edna
Thornton ; and MM. Burrian, Caruso, John
Harrison, Lieban, Gilibert, Journet, Van
Rooy. Sammarco. and Scotti. The con-
ductors will be Dr. Hans Richter, Signor
Campanini, and M. Messager.
The Bach Choir will celebate its thirtieth
season this year by holding a Bach Festival,
under the direction of Dr. Walford Davies,
on April 2nd and 4th. The programme of
the first concert will include two church
cantatas and the Concerto for Two Violins
in d minor.1" At the second concert the
' Hohe Messe ' will be performed for the
twelfth time by this society.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Garde Republicaine. — Sunday and every Evening, f>, Covent Gnrilen.—
Al-o Matinees, :!. Sunday, Wednesday, and Saturday.
Sunday Society Concert, 8.80, Queen's Hall.
Sunday League Concert, v. Queen's Hall.
Mr. Charles Williams's Orchestral Concert, 8, Queen's Hall.
Mr. 1 1. P, Tovey's Pianoforte Recital, B.15, ISroadwood's.
Miss Nora Long ami Miss V. Jennings's Vocal and Violin
Recital 8.30, Beehstein Hall.
Messra Tertie and Vork Bowen's Reeital. R.S0, .Eolian Hall.
Mis> Hand MacCarthj's Violin Reeital, 3, Queen's Hall.
Philharmonic Conceit, h, Queen's Hall.
Mi>s Mavis Wingfield's vocal Recital, s.so, Beehstein Hall.
I^jmloli Liallad Collrert. H, Oueen's Hall.
Si N.
M<>\\
Tt iv
»'»'!>
|*»:I>. iKindon Liallad Concert. H, Oueen's Hall.
— Royal Choral Society | ' The Redemption '), S, Alhert Hall.
BUBS. Broadwood'e Concert. 8.S0, .Eolian Hall.
Tii
Fin.
Miss Betty Booker and Mr. F. Harford's Concert, S.SO, .Eolian
Hall.
Berlin Philharmonic Trio, s, Beehstein Hall.
Symphony Concert (Queen's Hall Orchestra and Leeds Clioir1,
:;, Queen's Hall.
Mr. D. F Tovey's Pianoforte Recital. "\5. Broadwood's,
Miss Knnlie Owen's Vocal Recital, 3.30, .Eolian Hall.
Special Concert iLoudou Symphony Orchestral, 3.J0, Crystal
Palace.
DRAMA
Dramatic (C>05r.ip.
The revival at the Waldorf Theatre of
' She Stoops to Conquer ' reveals once more
Miss Winifred Emery as the best existing
Miss Hardcastle and Mr. Cyril Maude as an
admirable Mr. Hardcastle. In the more
broadly comic characters, and notably in
the Tony Lumpkin of Mr. Sydney Brough,
there is a regrettable amount of over-accen-
tuation.
Madame Simone Le Baegy appeared on
Monday at the New Royalty Theatre, play-
ing her original part of Jacqueline (other-
wise Jack) in ' Le Detour,' a three-act play
of M. Henry Bernstein, first given at the
Gymnase on January 5th, 1902. Her
presentation of the heroine — who, after an
una vailing attempt to free herself, by a
bourgeois marriage, from the trammels of
early associations, allows herself to lapse
into a congenial, hut unrecognized alliance
■ — was an admirable piece of aoting, hut the
subject is distasteful.
' Tin: I.itti.i: Stua.voeh,' a three-act piece
by Mr. .Michael Morton, which, after one or
two preliminary trials in the country,
produced at the Criterion Theatre last week,
has not the slightest claim to consideration
as drama, but is likely to hold the public
for many a month to come. In the person
of a dwarf who, at the age of some four-
teen years, preserves the appearance of a
child of two, Mr. Morton has discovered a
source of apparently unending laughter.
To the development of the eccentricities of
this freak everything else is sacrificed. Miss
Sydney Fairbrother, as the nurse of the little
monster, convulsed with fear at his un-
wonted proceedings, acted with comic inten-
sity altogether overpowering.
On Tuesday afternoon next the Court
will witness the production of two novelties
by Mr. Maurice Hewlett, the first entitled
' Pan and the Young Shepherd,' a pastoral
in two acts, the second, ' The Youngest of
the Angels.'
Next Saturday, at the Imperial Theatre,
Mr. Lewis Waller will produce Sir Conan
Doyle's 'Brigadier Gerard,' with Mr. A. E.
George as Napoleon, Mr. Edward E. O'Neill
as Talleyrand, and Miss Evelyn Millard as
the Comtesse de Roquelaure. Mr. Waller
takes the part of Gerard.
Miss Jessie Millward will appear at the
Scala Theatre on March 3rd in ' The School
for Husbands,' a four-act comedy by Mr.
Stanislaus Stange, in which she will be sup-
ported by Mr. Frank Cooper, Miss Ethel
Matthews, and Miss Dolores Drummond.
' A Judge's Memory,' a new play by
Mr. Brandon Thomas, will succeed ' The
Heroic Stubbs ' at Terry's Theatre, the cast
including Mr. James Welch, Mr. Sam Sothern,
Miss Wallis, Miss Beatrice Terry, and Mrs.
E. H. Brooke.
' All-of-a-Sudden Peggy ' is the title
of a comedy by Mr. Ernest Denny, in which
Miss Marie Tempest will next Tuesday be seen
at the Duke of York's Theatre, supported by
Miss Florence Wood, Mr. Eric Lewis, Mr.
Gerald Du Marnier, and Mr. Alfred Bishop.
The Drury Lane pantomime is to be trans-
ferred in September next to Paris, and to be
given by a French company at the Porte
Saint Martin.
Mr. Stephen Phillips's ' Nero ' will be
published in book form on March 2nd by
Messrs. Macmillan.
To CORRESPONDENTS. — .1. C. T.— K. D.— R. 15. J.—
J. H. B.— F. H.— received.
J. R. M.— We know of none of worth. You must rely on
your own experience.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Authors' Agents
Autotype Company
B.vostkr & Sons
Bell & sons
Brown, LangHAM A' Co.
Catalogues
Dent * Co
Educaxionai
Exhibitions
Heinemann
Hurst a- Blackett
Lectures
Longmans & Co
Sampson Low, Marston & Co.
Macmillan & Co.
Magazines, dbc
Methuen & Co
Miscellaneous
MUDIE'S Library
Newspaper Agents ..
Notes hid Queries ..
Putnam's sons
Sales by Acction
Situations Vacant
Situations wanted
SONNBNSCHBIN it Co
Stock
Type-writers
Wells Gardner a Co.
Pag*
. -218
. 218
. 247
. '244
. 220
. -218
. 248
. -217
. 217
. 247
2-22
. 217
. 220
. 247
222
! 219
. 221
. 218
. 219
. 218
. 246
. 219
. 218
. 217
. 217
. 245
. 220
. 218
MESSRS. BELL'S
NEW BOOKS.
MI XI A TUBE II. I. USTRA TED CA TALOGUE
post free on application.
YARI0RUM EDITION OF BEAUMONT
AND FLETCHER.
THE WORKS OF FRANCIS
BEAUMONT AND JOHN FLETCHER.
Under the Oeneral Editorship of A. H.
BTJLLEN. In 12 vols. 8vo, 10*. M. net
each. [Vols. I. and II. now ready.
"That Mr. Bullen has long been engaged on a
task for which he has special and indisputable
qualifications had been known, and the fact that
he was so employed was calculated to discourage
all thought of opposition and rivalry. We could
write inexhaustibly upon this subject, since for a
generation past we have pressed for an edition such
as the present. We content ourselves with pro-
nouncing the edition the greatest gift for which the
Shakespearian student had to hope."
Notts and Queries.
NEW EDITION OF
SCRIYENER'S GREEK TESTAMENT.
NOVUM TESTAMENTUM
GRAECE. Edited, with Various Readings,
Parallel Passages, &c, by F. H. A.
SCRIYENER, M.A. D.C.L. LL.D. Fourth
Edition, Revised and Corrected by Prof.
Dr. EB. NESTLE.
Printed on India Paper, limp cloth, 6s. net ; limp
leather, Is. 6d. net ; or interleaved with writing:
paper, limp leather, 10s. Qd. net.
*„* This edition of Scrivener's well-known Greek
Testament (editio major) has been subjected to
searching revision by Dr. Nestle, of Maulbronn,
and Prof. P. Schmiedal, of Zurich, in the course of
their labours on the Greek Testament, and the
result is to make a volume which, as Prof. J. H.
Thayer said, was "unquestionably the most com-
prehensive, compact, and convenient edition of the
Greek Testament in the market"; also one which
may be used by the scholar with absolute confidence
in the accuracy of its critical apparatus.
*»* Prospectus sent post free on application.
NEW VOLUME OF THE
ART GALLERIES OF EUROPE.
With numerous Illustrations, crown Svo, 6s. net.
THE ART OF THE VENICE
ACADEMY. By MARY KNIGHT POTTER.
Post 8vo, 6s. net.
DRAMATISTS OF TO-DAY. Ros-
tand, Hauptmann, Sudermann, Pinero, Ber-
nard Shaw, Stephen Phillips, Maeterlinck.
Being an Informal Discussion of their sig-
nificant Work. By EDWARD EVERETT
HALE, Jun.
Crown Svo, Is.
BELL'S FIRST FRENCH READER,
By R. P. ATHERTON, M.A., Assistant
Master at Haileybury College, Author of
'Bell's French Course,' assisted by F. GAL-
LADEVEZE. With Illustrations by French
Artists.
London: GEORGE BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N°4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
245
SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., LTD.
S. S. & Co. have much pleasure in announcing that the first three volumes of
THE NEW CLASSICAL LIBRARY
are now ready. The Series is edited by that well-known scholar,
DK. EMIL REICH,
and will include eventually, translations of all the more important of the great classics,
in handy 8vo volumes of about 250 pages each.
Cloth, 3s. 6d. net ; leather, 4s. 6d. net each.
THE FOLLOWING ARE NOW HEADY:—
1. THE THE^TETUS AND PHILEBUS OF PLATO.
Translated by H. F. CARLILL.
2. PLUTARCH'S LIVES OF ALEXANDER, PERICLES, CAIUS OffiSAR, AND
^IMILIUS PAULUS.
Translated by W. B. FRAZER.
3. THE ANNALS OF TACITUS. (Books I -VI.)
Translated by A. V. SYMONDS.
THE FOLLOWING VOLUMES ARE IN PREPARATION:—
1. THE SOPHIST, PARMENIDES,
POLITICUS, AND TIM^US OF PLATO. Translated by H. F.
CARLILL, M.A.
2. PLUTARCH'S LIVES OF ARISTIDES,
MARCUS CATO, DEMOSTHENES, CICERO, LYCURGUS,
NUMA. Translated by VV. B. FRAZER.
3. THE ANNALS OF TACITUS.
XVI. Translated by A. V. SYMONDS.
Books XI-
4. THE FIRST FIVE BOOKS OF HERODOTUS.
5. THE PANDECTS (Title ' De Verborum
Obligationibus '), and the important Parts of GAIUS.
6. AN ALPHABETICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA oi
the Institutions, Persons, Events, &c., of Ancient Histoiy and
Geography will be ready shortly.
7. AN ABRIDGED EDITION OF SEYFFERT'S
DICTIONARY OF ANTIQUITIES.
NOW READY. FOURTH YEAR OF ISSUE.
THE SCHOOLMASTER'S YEAR-BOOK AND DIRECTORY, 1906.
Price 6s. net.
THE THE
CAMBRIDGE YEAR-BOOK AND DIRECTORY. I OXFORD YEAR-BOOK AND DIRECTORY.
5s. net each.
PRACTICAL
JUST PUBLISHED.
HOUSEWIFERY.
By C. F.
PICTON-GADSDEN, Domestic Economy Teacher London County Council Schools.
Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d.
•'A comprehensive and clearly written exposition of the elements of domestic economy,
except cooking. . . .It follows the lines laid down by the Education Department, and should
prove useful both to schools and for private study." — Scotsman.
THE STUDENT'S HYGIENE. Adapted to the
Syllabus of the Board of Education. Stage I. 1905. By ERNEST EVANS, Natural
Science Master Municipal Technical School, Burnley, Author of 'Botany for
Beginners,' ' Biology of Poultry-Keeping,' &c. With 125 Illustrations. Crown 8vo,
38. Grf.
TEKEL. A Study of the Educational Problems
Ige. Crown
GILD
of the Day. By FRANK J. ADKINS, M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge. Crown
8vo, 3». «W.
THE RESTORATION OF THE
SYSTEM. By ARTHUR J. PENTY. Crown 8vo, 3s. 6rf. net.
STUDIES IN ROMAN HISTORY. By E. G.
HARDY, M.A. D.Litt., Fellow and Tutor of Jesus College, Oxford Crown 8to, 6s.
NEW YOLUME OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCE SERIES.
A PRACTICAL PROGRAMME FOR WORKING
MEN. Crown 8vo, 2*. 6rf.
READY SHORTLY.
THE SCIENCE OF COMMON LIFE. By J. B.
COPPOCK, B.Sc.Lon<L F.I.C. F.C.S., Principal of the Schools of Science, Kendal.
Persons (European and Native) connected with India. By C. E. BUCKLAND,
Small demy 8vo, 7*. (*?.
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY.
From 1750 to the Present Day. Containing Short Lives of morejthan 2,000 Eminent
Person
CLE.
BY RAMSDEN BALMFORTH,
Author of 'Some Social and Political Pioneers,' <tc.
THE BIBLE IN THE LIGHT OF THE
HIGHER CRITICISM. Crown Svo, 3s. 6rf. each.
Vol. I. THE OLD TESTAMENT. Vol. II. THE NEW TESTAMENT.
NEW YOLUME OF THE BIJOU SERIES.
BROWNINGS SAUL, AND OTHER POEMS.
By SUSAN CUNNINGTON, Author of "The Story of Arithmetic.'
" Devout students of Browning may find some welcome assistance in this little book*
The commentator is always appreciative." — Scotsman.
" No better booklet could r>e put into the hands of a lover of versified wisdom, who i-1
at the same time desirous of obtaining an introduction to Browning's message to the
world." — Dxindec Courier.
TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN EVENING
SCHOOLS. Bv CLARENCE EL CREAsEY. With an Introduction by E. EL
GRIFFITHS, M.A. Crown Svo, 309 pp. 3.x. Grf. net.
THE GROWTH OF THE ENGLISH MANOR.
By Prof. P. VINOGRADOFF. Demy Svo, 10k Sd.
"Scorns likely at once to take rank as a Leading authority upon its subject."— Scotsman.
"Prof. VinogradorTs method and the mastery of the details of his subject combine to
produce a notable book."— Academy.
VOLUME II. OF
THE STUDENT'S TEXT-BOOK OF ZOOLOGY.
By ADAM SEDGWICK, M.A., Fellow and Lecturer of Trinity College, Cambridge.
Demy 8vo, 21«.
SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., Limited, 25, High Street, Bloomsbury, W.C.
24G
-e
THE ATHENtEUM
N°4087, Feb. 24, 1906
" Learned, Chatty, Useful." — Athericeum.
"That delightful repository of forgotten lore, 'Notes and Queries.'"
Edinburgh Review, October, 1880
Every Saturday, of any Bookseller or Newsagent in England, price Ad. ; or free by post to the Continent, A%d.
NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTERCOMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN AND GENERAL READERS.
%• Subscription, 10*. 3c?. for Six Months ; 20s. 6d. for Twelve Months, including postage.
The NINTH SERIES of NOTES AND QUERIES, complete in 12 vols.
(JANUARY, 1898, to DECEMBER, 1903), price 10s. 6d. each Volume,
contains, in addition to a great variety of similar Notes and Replies,
Articles of Interest on the following Subjects.
SECOND SELECTION.
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND LITERARY HISTORY.
Campbell, Keats, and Virgil — Allusions in Carlyle — Casanoviana
— Authors of the Chaldee MS. — CLauceriana — Chorley on the
Birth of Edward VII. — Civil List Pensions — John Cleave and
the Taxes on Knowledge — Coleridge as a Translator — County
Histories — Cowper on his own Immortality — Daniel's ' Sonnets
to Delia' — Danteiana — De Quincey's Syntax — Dibdin Biblio-
graphy— Dickensiana — Drydeniana — Edition, its Meaning —
George Eliot and Mark Rutherford — • Field ' Jubilee —
Fielding's 'Tom Jones' in France — Edward FitzGerald and
E. M. Fitzgerald — Percy Fitzgerald's ' Pickwickian Manners
and Customs ' — Florio's ' Montaigne ' — Fly-leaf Inscriptions.
BIOGRAPHY.
Dorothy Cecil — Job Charnock, Founder of Calcutta — Chester-
field on Beau Nash — Col. T. Cooper — General Cope— Defoe's
Last Descendants — Notes on the ' Dictionary of National
Biography ' — Ralph Dodd and the Thames Tunnel — Date of
Robert Dodsley's Death — Due d'Enghien's Death — Chancellor
Silvan Evans — Fahrenheit and his Thermometer — Flaxman's
Wife — Ugo Foscolo in London — Lady Elizabeth Foster —
Simon Fraser, Lord Lovat — Epitaph on Mary Frith (" Moll
Cutpurse").
CLASSICAL SUBJECTS.
" Bernardus non vidit omnia " — " Comes jucundus in via pro
vehiculo est " — " Cane decane canas " — " Crescit amor nummi "
— " De male quassitis vix gaudet " — " Dies creta notandus " —
" Est rosa flos Veneris " — " Furem pretiosa signata sollicitant."
ECCLESIASTICAL MATTERS.
Queen Candace — English Cardinals — Organs destroyed by
Cromwell — Chalice as Race Cup — Childbed Pew — Chi-Rho
Monogram — Modern Instrumental Choirs — Clipping the Church
— Smallest Church in England — Deflected Chancels — Devil's
Door in Churches — Clergymen as Duellists — Papal Bull against
a Comet — Use of the Cope — Crosier and Pastoral Staff — Date
of the Crucifixion — Clandestine Marriages in Curzon Chapel,
Mayfair — Defender of the Faith — Epitaph at Doncaster —
Bleeding Image in Christ Church, Dublin — Title of Bishop of
Durham — Easter and the Full Moon — Eucharist eaten by Mice.
TINE ARTS.
Miniature of Mrs. C. Arbuthnot — Architectural " Follies " —
Artists' Mistakes — Portraits of Joanna Baillie — Books illus-
trated by Blake — Buss's Illustrations of Dickens — Christ as an
Infant at the Breast — Portraits of Dante — George Dawe, R.A.
— Desborough Portraits — Lawrence's Picture of Countess of
Derby — Portraits of Female Fighters — Marjorie Fleming's
Portrait.
FOLK-LORE and POPULAR ANTIQUITIES.
Child's Caul — Childbirth Folk-lore — Christmas Decorations —
Coal as a Charm — Cure by Hand of a Corpse — Crossing Knives
and Forks — Cup-turning in Fortune-telling — Devil as a Black
Dog — Drowned Bodies Recovered — Evil Eye — Fire kept
Burning — " First Foot " on New Year's Day — First Flesh-eater
— Flogging at the Cart-tail — Flower Game — Football on Shrove
Tuesday — Footprints — Coins in Foundation Stones — French
Robin Hood — Freund Hein in German Folk-tales — Friday
Superstition.
GENEALOGY and HERALDRY.
Carey Family — Carson Family — Centenarians — Knightley
Charleton, of Apley Castle — Chelsea Borough Arms — Bridget
Cheynell — Brothers and Sisters with same Christian Names —
Citizen Baronets — Right to Cockades — Cogan Peerage —
Commonwealth Arms in Churches — Continental Heraldry —
John Crewe, three of the Name — De Liancourt, four of the
Name — Arms of the Dominican Order — Dowager Peeress's
Title — Arms of Dutch East India Company — Dutton Family
and Arms — Edgett Family — Foreign Arms in England — The
Title Esquire — Eton College Arms — Family Crests — Fir-cone
in Heraldry — Fleetwood Pedigree — Le Neve Foster Arms and
Motto.
HISTORY: ENGLISH, IRISH, and SCOTTISH.
The Cabinet and the Constitution — Canute and the Tide —
Queen Caroline's Trial — King's Champion — Genuine Relics of
Charles I. — Charles II. 's Hiding-places — Death of Princess
Charlotte — Conservative as Political Term — Coronations of
Victoria and Edward VII. — Cromwelliana — English Contingent
in the Last Crusade — British Prisoners in France — Snow at
Battle of Edge Hill— Edward VII.'s Title in Scotland— Scandal
concerning Elizabeth — Executions at Tyburn — Fathers of the
House of Commons — The National Flag — Flemish Weavers in
England — Northern Fighters at Flodden — Irish Brigade at
Fontenoy — Lines on Frederick, Prince of Wales — French
Prisoners of War in England.
MUSIC AND THE DRAMA.
Early Mention of Actresses — The Dresden Amen — First
American Theatrical Company in England — Mrs. Charlotte
Atkyns — Bacon-Shakespeare Controversy — John Bland, Edin-
burgh Actor — Mrs. Patrick Campbell styled " Cceli Regina " —
Cervantes on the Stage — Musical Settings of Cowley's Poems —
Exeter Theatre in 1348 — Blanche Fane, Actress — Farquhar'a
• Beaux' Stratagem.'
Published by JOHN C. FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, E.C.
N° 4087, Feb. 24, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
247
TENTH EDITION, price Two Shillings.
CELESTIAL MOTIONS:
A Handy Book of Astronomy.
Tenth Edition. With 3 Plates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.,
• f„ „f K^*\ College London ; Lay Reader in the Diocese of Southwark,
AntlforoT'RetaSle SeS,' < Remade Eclipses,' 'Astronomy for the Young/ fto.
« Well known as one of our best introductions to astronomy. "-GWdtatt.
London : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
SEVENTH EDITION, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
REMARKABLE ECLIPSES:
A Sketch of the most interesting Circumstances connected with the
Observation of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, both in Ancient and Modern Times.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAATPSON LOW^IARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
MR. HEINEMANN'S
ANNOUNCEMENTS.
Kakemono. . ,
A HERBAGE EDWARDS. A charming series of
sketches and studies dealing with the faith, art, and
character of the people and country of Japan. Demy
8vo, 7*. 6d. net.
*Frenzied Finance.
T W. LA.WSON. Crown Svo, 6*. "Quite as
thrilling as any sensational novel, and far better
written than the majority."— Financial Newt.
*Sex and Character.
OTTO WEIXINGER. Lare;e crown Svo, 17*. netv
"An extraordinary book— no such book has ever
been written."— Dr. Emil Reich, in the Daily Matt.
*New Egypt.
\ B DE GUERYILLE. Demy Svo, many Illustra-
tions, 16*\ net. " Anv one going to Egypt for pleasure
ought to have with him a copy."— Morning Post.
TWELFTH EDITION, JUST OUT, price Sixpence, cloth.
REMARKABLE COMETS :
A Brief Survey of the most interesting Facts in the History of Cometary
Astronomy.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
*South America
FOURTH EDITION, Revised to 1905, NOW READY, fcap. Svo, cloth, price Sixpence
ASTRONOMY FOR THE YOUNG.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
(THROUGH FIVE REPUBLICS OF) : A^nttaa?
Brazil, Chile, Umguav, and Venezuela. PERCY K
MARTIN. Demv Svo, Illustrations and Maps, 21s,
net "Nobody who proposes to invest money m
South American enterprises should do so without
first reading Mr. Martin."— Outlook.
Granada
(Studies and Impressions). LEONARD WILLIAMS.
Post Svo, illustrated, 7*. 6d. net.
Carthage of the Phoenicians.
MABEL MOORE. Crown Svo, Illustrations, &V
"An ideal vade mecxim for the tourist."— Scotsman.
In the Country of Jesus.
MATILDE SERAO. Crown Svo, illustrated, 6*. net.
" Uniquely descriptive and devout"— Gentleieoman.
The Land of the Blessed Virgin.
W SOMERSET MAUGHAM. Pott tto, &s\ net,
" The author has caught the true spirit of old Anda-
lusia."— Da ily Telegraph.
SECOND EDITION NOW READY, price One Shilling.
BIBLE CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Eecorded in the Holy Scriptures, arranged under their
Provable Respective Dates, with a Description of the Places named,
and a Supplement on English Versions.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
Sicily.
SECOND EDITION, fcap. 8vo, price Fourpence.
NEW TESTAMENT CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Recorded in the New Testament, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
ST CLAIR BAPDELEY and the late A.UG\TOTUS
HARE Crown Svo, Illustrations, Maps, and Plans,
5*. " The tourist will gather all he needs to know"
Glasgow Herald.
The End of the Age.
LEO TOLSTOY. Demy Svo, 28. " Ever}' line Pro-
vokes reflection."— Morning Leader.
Pan and the Young Shepherd.
A Pastoral Play (as played at the Court Theatre),
MAURICE HEWLETT. Paper, 1*. 84 ; cloth, i". 6<J.
(Uniform with the Plays of A. W. Pincro.)
Heinrich Heine's Complete Works.
13 vols (the prose in S. the poems in 4 vols.),
small crown svo, :,<. each vol. "The possession of a
complete translation of Heine is a thine on which the
world is to he congratulated."- SMm aiui Queries.
♦WRITE FOR PROSPECTUS.
NEXT WEEK'S ATHEN.EUM will contain
Articles on R. J. MACKENZIE'S ALMOND
OFLORETTO. PROF. WM. RWGEWATS
THE ORIGIN AND INFLUENCE OF THE
THOROUGHBRED HORSE.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Bream's Building., Ornery Lane, E.C.
WILLIAM HEINEMAXN.
21, Bedford Street, London.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN DISRAELI.
KARL OF BEACONSFIELD, 1820-1892.
x
' O T E S and Q U E R I E
for APRIL », MAY IS, ». JUNK 10, M, tnd JTTLt B, IS*.
Oontalni a ...„. ,.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TIlK KARL OX r.K.AtoNSr lF,l.l>.
TU, indodai kf.vs to \VIJL1N GR«Ji* .
'C0NINQ8BT, ■LOTHALR, ud 'BNDYMION.
Price of the BU Nunban, •* ; « free by i^»t. 2< hi
JOHN ('. FRANCO tad J. EDWARD FRANCE*
Xnutawi QiMriM OfBcs, Bream - Building*. Ohanosrj i«nr. H.O.
X
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF
THE RIGHT HON. W. K. GLADSTONE.
O T E S A M n Q U K R I 1 9
f„r DBCEHBIR lOandM. IM »nd JANUARY? and O, isa«.
CONTAINS A BTBLtOQRAPHt <>F MR (JI.Al'STONH.
PtIm "f lbs Pom Ifassbsn, i« H ; or fr<-c t.j post, i«. <vf.
JOHN 0. FUANCH ud •' 1DWARD FRANCIS.
fattimtt QurinOftos, Rr.-ami Bonding*, Cbtnosrj L«oo, EC.
248
Til K AT II KN /Kl'M
N#4087, Fib. 24, 1906
MESSKS. J. M. DENT & CO.'S NEW BOOKS.
THE ROMANCES OF ALEXANDRE DUMAS.
i 18 \<>1-. ill 0 I per roL art.
•# fMeeen i ■■ d60 volume mL It ie entirety tmnaagti, but remain* utherw the only oomplete ear]
tmul - "f Uurnu in the English !•■ I *<> volume* will appear monthly,
GARDEN COLOUR.
1 . xt U Mi- i: LRLB.
With BOOokmred Illustrations Painted from Heeore by
QAEE1 rVAl ER] [ELD, 1 \ R, M ROSE HNGgLll .
the Hon. VICAR'S GIBB8, end other*.
1 '■ -my 4to, 21*. "ft.
[Second Edition nearly txhuurtej.
OUR GARDENS.
Bj the \ "• y i:,-v. S. REYNOLDS HOLE.
Illustrate! after Paintings by 0. S. Elgood, R.I. ; the Frontispiece in
Ooloora ; also from Photographs ; and with Plans.
[Third Edition.
FLY-FISHING.
By the Bight Hon. Sir EDWARD GREY, Bart. M.P.
Illustrations in Photogravure- after Miss Jamie Macgregor and William Hyde.
i loured Platen of Flies. [Third Edition.
A NEW SERIES. PROSPECTUS FREE.
ENGLISH MEN OF SCIENCE.
Edited by Dr. J. REYNOLDS GREEN, Sc.D. F.R.S. F.L.S.
Cloth, small crown 8vo, 2#. Gd. net per volume.
One Volume will issue Monthly.
HOW READY.
HERBERT SPENCER.
By Prof. J. A. THOMSON.
REISSUE. WITH NEW YOLUMES.
THE PRIME MINISTERS OF ENGLAND.
Edited by STUART J. REID.
With Photogravure Frontispiece, crown Svo, pet volume, 2.*. (!'/. net.
LORD ROSEBERY.
Bj SAMUEL HENRY J EYES. [J** out.
LIST OF OTHER Y0LUME8 FREE ON APPLICATION.
ME.DI/EVAL TOWN SERIE^.
BRUSSELS.
A NEW
VOLUME.
By BEN BST 01 i.l.l at sm ITU.
Illustrate! by KATHKRINK KIMBALL end «.i"V MLLIAT-SMTTH,
AU'j in Prtpai etrnt .' —
OXFORD, RAVENNA, AVIGNON, CANTERBURY, &c.
J'ri viout Volu
ABSISL By Lina Doff Oonlon.-
BBUOB& Bj Krn.-t c;illi.tt-Smith.t
CAIRO. Bj Stanley UuM l'u.,1.-.*
( ■wiimiJHiK. j;> ma Deu <>f Kly.
i ii \ktki.n. Bj Cecil Beedlam.1
CONST A.VH.VOI'l.K. By W. II. HuttOO.
BDDfBUBOB. ByO. sme.u<m.t
FLORKNCK. Bj K.IiiiuikI Q. (iunlner.t
I I KKAKA. Bj Ella Nny.-vt
I.oMxiN Bj II. B. Wh.alley.t
MOSCOW. By Wirt Qemn.*
• .' —
MHK.MBKItii Bj Ceofl H
PKRUOI \ Bj M |i and
L. Dull U onion.*
PI u.ri: By ('(.iint I.utz
itoMK. b> .\(,r«(KNi reee*>|
EtOUBH. Bj Ifcaadat-a A. Cook.t
-ii n a. By Bdemml 0. Qeeemml
skvii.i.i: b> Walter M.aenkmm.1
tOLBDa By Hannah Lynch.'
\ i BOM L By tl-ahaa wieLt
VENICE By ThonuuOk-
*.* The alwve Volumee are variously illustrated by N. ERICH8EN, H. M.
JAMES, J. A. SYMINGTON, HERBERT RALLTON, md •
* Cloth, 8a. <></. net; roan, 4s. 6d. net. t Cloth, 4v. id, m t ; roan. St. tx<. net.
VENICE.
By THOMAS OKEY.
With 50 Illustrations in Colour after 0. F. M. Ward and W. K. Hinchliff, and
60 in Line by NELLY ERICHSEN and after Old II eel
Large feap. Mo, 21a. net. [Third !
ROME.
By ST. CLAIR BADDELEY and LINA DUFF GORDON.
Illustrated by AUBREY WATEKKIKl.I •
Uniform with above, 21a. lift.
THE MOROCCO OF TO-DAY.
Translated from the French of EUGENE Al'HIN.
With .'! Plans. Large crown 8vo, 8a. net. [Imni-
Our Special List of Books on ITALY M sent on application.
Cloth, Is.
net.
EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY.
THE SECOND FIFTY VOLUMES
Fcap. 8vo.
Leather, 2*.
net.
Fcap. tfvo.
1\ THIS SERIES
WILL BE PUBLISHED SHORTLY.
The First Fifty were issued on February 15, and 600,000 Copies were
sold by February 17.
PROSPECTUS AND LIST FREE.
WRITE FOR PROSPECTUS FREE.
29, BEDFORD STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
E-IIUirUl (...nn, ha «,l.lrrM«l t.. T1IK KI'IToH -A-lTrrtlwni-nU u«t limine- Ix-tton U> 'THE PCBLIHIiERJ Ofllcc. Hrr.\m • Building*. CTfiUKwry L«n«. E.C.
I»uUl»h -i \v«.ki> I) J' >11 S i KHAN 11 and .' KIiWAKH Kit AM IS aI Hi. .in, . Bun.lin*- 0*aM*Bj I.mr K< . .i,.l I'rn,t«l *J .' BDWABO HtAN< IS. Alhriurum Pre. Bream • DuiUlnfa. Cbuocrj Luc, E.C.
Ar-jili for Bw/lUnU. Hwn I1KLL a BRAPKLTK uJ Mr Joll.V MI.N/.IL-. KOJnl.urgb -SatunUj. Jibruajj 54, 1W1
-
THE ATHENJEUM
Jmmtal of GkglisI) att& Jfomjn literature, ^tunre, tljt Jf in* ^rts, jftnsic anb tlje ©rmna.
No. 4088.
SATURDAY, MARCH 3, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
o
(EsIjtMtions.
BACH & CO. 168, New Bond Street, W.
The Right Hon. Sir JOHN (' DAY'S COLLECTION.
Third Part : DUTCH WATER COLOURS.
NOW ON VIEW.
EOYAL SOCIETY OF PAINTER-ETCHERS
1 AND ENGRAVERS, 5a, Pall Mall, &W. 24th ANNUAL
-EXHIBITION NOW OPEN, DAILY, 10-H. Admission Is.
W. P. D. .STEBBING, Secretary.
1VTATIONAL ART COLLECTIONS FUND.
J-l Chairman-LORD BALCARRES, M.P., F.S.A.
Object : The Acquisition of Works of Art for the National Collections ■
Minimum Annual Subscription, One Guinea.
2,1001. still required to complete the purchase of the Rokeby
Velasquez.
Address THE HON. SECRETARIES, National Art Collections
Fund, 4", Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
SIR JOHN SOANE'S MUSEUM,
IS, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS.
ANTIQUITIES. PICTURES, and SCULPTURE.— OPEN FREE
from 11 to 5 on TUESDAYS. WEDNESDAYS. THURSDAYS, and
FRIDAYS from MARCH 1 to AUGUST Jt. Cards for Private Days
and for Students to be obtained from the CURATOR at the Museum.
(Bbuzational.
CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION. — FORTH-
COMING EXAMINATION. -ASSISTANT EXAMINERS in
•she PATENT OFFICE (20-25), APRIL 5.— The date specified is the
latest at which applications can be received. They must be made on
Forms to 1* obtained, with particulars, from the SECRETARY, Civil
Service Commission, Burlington Gardens, London, W.
FRANCES MARY BUSS MEMORIAL
SCHOLARSHIP.
A TRAVELLING SCHOLARSHIP of SOI. will be awarded, in MAY
S£XT, for panoses of Educational Study abroad, to a Woman fully
■qualified as a Secondary School Teacher. Candidates should hold [Da
University Degree or its equivalent ; i2f a Certificate of Efficiency as a
"Teacher ; 13] have experience of five years' Teaching in a Secondary
•School ; 14! should undertake to carry out a satisfactory Scheme of
•Study abroad and reiwrt thereon. Applications, with five copies of not
more than three recent Testimonials, to Vie made before APRIL 1 to
-the SECRETARY. F.M.B. Memorial Scholarship, North Loudon
Collegiate School for Girls, Sandall Road, London, N.W.
THE DOWNS SCHOOL, SEAFORD, SUSSEX.
Head Mistress— Miss LUCY' ROBINSON, M.A. (late Second Mis-
tress St. Felix School, Southwoldl. References: The Principal of
Bedford College, London ; The Master of Peterhouse. Cambridge.
EDUCATION (choice of Schools and Tutors
Gratisl. — Prosjiectuses of English and Continental Schools, and
•of successful Arniv. Civil Service, and University Tutors, sent Ifriee of
barge) on receipt of requirements bv GRIFFITHS. SMITH,
POWELL* SMITH, School Agents (established l&KP, .14, Bedford
-Street, Strand, W.C.
EDUCATION. — PROSPECTUSES and parti-
culars of SCHOOLS for BOYS and GIRLS
in EVGLAXI) and ABROAD
"" ~" supplied to Parents free of charge. State full requirements.
DNIVEKSITY SCHOLASTIC AGENCY, l->2. Regent Street, London.
Established 1858.
EDUCATION.
F're.nt,~S.r Guardians desiring accurate Information relative to
th« CHOICE of SCHOOLS? for BOY8 or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are Invited to call upon or send fully detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GABBITA8, TURING * CO..
«no for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with ths
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice free of charge, is given by Mr. THRING, Nephew of the
iate Head Master of Uppingham, S6, Sackrillc Street. London W
^tfaaiions Harsnf.
C
I T Y
OF LIVERPOOL.
Th- LI V Ell PO..L EDUCATION COMMITTEE are prepared to
■TTON appUca"gn8 'wtne appointment of DIRECTOR of EMlt'A-
The person appointed will he required to take charge of the
Wministratiye Work .aider the control of the Committed, and to
2nd Z%*£lZ?X£t2£ffZ $$*** "' ""'"""^ """"""
JduEiTof SffoSce4^ '* "**** '" *•*• his wholc tin'e *
\ ■ ommencing Salary of 1.000/. per annum will In- paid
I artioiilarsof the duties , to be perform «| may be had on application
o the Town Clerk. Municipal Offices, Dale Street Liverpool
Applications, with copies of recent Testimonials loot exceeding sin
,muHt be sent to 'he Town Clerk on or before MAitm j. w'
endorsed Director of Education. ' •
^&SSS!S «*•***»" ««*•**.
February * l9M. ****** * IMCKMERE. Town Clerk.
the VICTORIA
*JJNIVERSITY _OF MANCHESTER
The COUNCIL i« prepared to appoint a MISTRESS OF mftiioii
UTD ASSISTANT LE< TIItF.lt IN EDUCATION 8tij!end2Ktf
^h™,er»7ty,' Va,' » '.' '"'iiti"n8 »"*' l" T,IK KKGISTRAh;
TTNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF WALES,
U ABERYSTWYTH.
(A Constituent College of the University of Wales.)
PROFESSORSHIP OF ENGLISH.
The COUNCIL invite applications for the i>ost of PROFESSOR OF
ENGLISH at the above College, at a Salary of riOOI. a year.
Applications, together with seventy-five printed copies of Testi-
monials, must reach the Registrar not later than TUESDAY,
March 13, 190t;.
Full particulars may be obtained" from the undersigned.
J. H. DAVIES, M.A., Registrar.
K
ING'S SCHOOL, GRANTHAM.
APPOINTMENT OF HEAD MASTER.
The GOVERNORS of the above SCHOOL of the Foundation
of Richard Fox, Bishop of Winchester, and of King Edward VI.
intend to proceed to the appointment of a HEAD MASTER. Candi-
dates must be between the ages of 28 and 40 years, and be Graduates
of some University within the British Empire. The Head Master,
when elected, will Ik.' subject to the Schemes of the ( 'harity Com-
mission and of the Board of Education. Applications oy the
14th MARCH prox.— Particulars of the appointment can be obtained
from AUBREY H. MALIM, Clerk to the Governors.
Grantham, February 26, 190H.
BANCROFT'S SCHOOL, WOODFORD GREEN,
ESSEX— The Court of Assistants of the Drapers' Company,
the Governors of the School, invite applications for the ]>ost of
HEAD MASTER, about to become vacant owing to the resignation,
on account of ill-health, of the Rev. J. E. Symns, M.A. Applicants
must be between 28 and 40 years of age. Members of the Church of
England (Clerical or kiyi. Graduates of a University in the United
Kingdom, and have had experience in Teaching. The School
contains about :>:!0 Boys, of whom 100 are foundationers and the
remainder Day-Boys. Tile Head Master is remunerated by a Salary
and Capitation Fees estimated to produce from 'ml to 800/. per
annum, with the Use of a House free of rent, rates and taxes, and
repairs.— Applications, with conies of Testimonials, must reach the
Clerk to the Governors, Drapers' Hall, Throgmorton Street, London,
not later than MARCH 12.
c
0 U N T Y
0 F
LONDON.
APPOINTMENT OF ASSISTANT MASTER.
L.C.C. SHOREDITCH TECHNICAL INSTITUTE.
The LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL invites applications for the
appointment of an ASSISTANT MASTER, qualified to teach English
and Science Subjects at the L.C.C. Shoreditch Technical Institute,
Pitfield Street. N.
The Salary attaching to the i>ost will commence at 15W, a year.
Applications should be made on the Official Form, to be obtained
from the Clerk of the London County Council. Education Offices,
Victoria Embankment, W.C, to whom they must be returned not
later than 10 a.m. on MARCH 10, liioti, accompanied by copies of three
Testimonials of recent date.
Candidates applying through the post for the Form of Application
should enclose a stamped and addressed envelope.
Candidates, other than successful Candidates, invited to attend the
Committee, will lie allowed third-class return railway fare, but no
other expenses.
Canvassing, either directly or indirectly, will V considered a
disqualification.
G. L. GOMME. Clerk of the London County Council.
Education Offices, Victoria Embankment, W.C.
K
ENT EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
SITTINGBOURNE HIGHER EDUCATION SUB ( OMMITTEE.
COUNTY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. SITTINGBOURNE.
WANTED, after EASTER, an ASSISTANT MISTRESS at the
above-named School to teach chiefly English and Arithmetic Degree,
or equivalent, essential; Games and Needlework desirable. Initial
Salary, non-resident, 90/. -110/. per annum, according to qualifications
and experience.
Application Forms will Ik- supplied by Mr. E. BRIGDEN; Terrace
Road. Sittingboume, to whom they must be returned.
Canvassing will be considered a disqualification.
By Order of the Committee.
eras. W. (R"oK. Secretary.
44, Bedford Row, London, W.C, February 21. 1906.
KING'S NORTON AND NORTHFIKL1)
URBAN DISTRICT COUNCIL.
APPOINTMENT OF LIBRARY STAFF.
The above COUNCIL invite applications for the billowing appoint-
ments j—
THREE LIBRARIANS, at Salaries of NL per aim.
THREE assistant LIBRARIANS, at Salaries of 967. per annum.
ONE SENIOR ASSISTANT, at a Salary of 521. per annum.
Preference will be given bo candidates baling previous experience in
Library Work.
The Persons appointed as Librarians will be required to take .barge
of one of the Councils Libraries, under the supervision of the Chiel
Librarian.
Further particulars of the duties may be obtained on application to
the umlersnnied.
Applications, endorsed "Application for " (aathe
ease may bel, accompanied by copies of not more than three recent
Testimonials, must !«■ received at the office of the undersigned not
later than 12 o'clock noon en MONDAY, March 12, 1908.
By Or.ler.
EDWIN DOCKER, clerk to the Council.
10, Ncwhall street. Birmingham, February At, iihwi.
T
HE COUNCIL of the CHEMICAL SOCIETY
propose to appoint an EDITOR of the 804 I ETY S PUP.
LICATIo.NS at a Salary .if >0I '
l>c precluded from holding ..
stating qualifications and experience, will he received until MARCH i
by the Honorary SECRETARIES, Chemical Society, Burlington
lOOl, pet annum.
i.n .\ i I. -.,.-> .n .i .T.ii.,1, ..I ....),, i„-i , MiKiiu. The Editor will not
Ik. precluded from holding another appointment. — Applications
stating qualifications and experience, will be received until MARCH
by the HONORARY SECRETARIES. Chemical Society, Burlington
1 1. .use. \V., from whom the ...n. lit ions of the appointment may In'
obtained.
T 1BRARIANTOTHE SOCIETY <)K WRITERS
J J To HIS MAJESTY s SIGNET.
The Office of LIBRARIAN t.. the SOCIETY of WRITER to Ills
HAJESTi s SIGNET, recently held bv the b.te M, John Philip
Edmond, being sow \ \i ant. applications for the Office, accom
nanied bv twenty-five copies of Testimonials, may be made on ,.,
before MARCH DO, 1908, to JAHE8 II NOTMAN, Writer to the
Signet. IB, York Place, Edinburgh. Clerk to the Society, from
anv further information may In- obtained.
I'eliruary 10, )!«*).
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
Situations Mant^fl.
TO NEWSPAPER PROPRIETORS.—
NATURAL HISTORY, FIELD SPORTS, fcc— A popular
NATURALIST WRITER. Scientific and Field, extensive Sportsman,
Traveller in many lands, is prepared to SUPPLY WEEKLY
ARTICLES. Tonus moderate. Highest references to present
Employers.— Apply G. O. S.. Box 10*9, Athenaeum Press. IS, Bream's
Buildings, Chancery Lane, B.C.
PUBLISHER'S MANAGER seeks RE-
ENGAGEMENT. Twenty years' practical exi>erienee in all
Departments. Highest references. — F., Box 1091, Athenaeum Press.
iy, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Line, E.C
PRACTICAL PRINTER seeks SITUATION.
Young, but has had practical anil working experience in all
Branches, including Cost Keeping, Estimating, and Forwarding.
Could take charge of a Publishers Estimating and Producing Depart-
ment.—U. V. W., 13, Leslie Road, East Finchley.
AN active YOUNG MAN (23) requires
SITUATION as PUBLISHERS or BOOKSELLER'S ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply good references. — T.. Box 1070, Athenaeum Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
TRANSLATION, Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing, Encycloivedic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Non Resident Secretaryship. Classics, French, German. Italian,
Spanish, Anglo-Saxon. Special subjects : Mythology and Literature.
Varied experience. Moderate terms.— Miss SELBY', 53, Talbot Road, W.
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent;
Testimonials.— A, B., Box KXSi, Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream's Build-
•i c-, i iiancery Lane, E.C.
Utiairuss for Disposal.
BUSINESS for SALE.— BOOK, LIBRARY,
STATIONERY, and BRANCH POST OFFICE. — In MON-
TREAL.—High class. Best Residential District. Long Established.
Valuation about l,000f. sterling. Terms-, say half prompt, and instal-
ments. Owner has undertaken a Government appointment. Would
;:d\ise in any way. — Reply, in first instance, to BOOKMAN. Box 109%
Athenaeum Press i:i, Breams Buildings, Chan, cry Lane, E.C.
®wpe- Mr iters.
\ UTHORS'MSS., NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
u\. ESSAYS ITYPE WRITTEN with complete accuracy, !U. pei-
."oij words. Clear Carbon Copies guaranteed. References to well-
r.i . mi Writers.— M. STUART, Tbirlbank, Roxborough Road, Harrow.
TYPE-WRITING. MESS., SCIENTIFIC, and
of all Descriptions. COPIED. Special attention to work
ing care. Dictation Room* .shorthand or Typewriting1.
Usual terms.— Misses E. B. and I. FARRAN, Donington House. ",«.
Nor* Ik street, strand, London.
TV PE- WRITING, 9d. per 1,1)00 words.— PLAYS,
NOVELS. ESSAYS, tc. with promptitude and accuracy. Carbon
Copies a speciality, Highest references.— M. KING, 7, Corona Villas,
Pinni r Road, Harrow.
TYPE- WRITING ! undertaken by highly educated
Women (Classical Tripos; Cambridge Higher Local; Modern
Languages). Research, Revision. Translation, Dictation Room.—
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPEWRITING AGENCY, 10. Duke Street.
Adelphi, W.C.
THE CO-OPERATIVE TYPE-WRITERS, Ltd.
[CO-PARTNERSHIP SOCIETY),
CECIL HOUSE, 11(», HIGH HOLBORN, W.C.
Over Messrs. l.illey A Skinners. I
SHORTHAND, TYPING, DUPLK ATING. TRANSLATING.
IK ICING, *
A limited number of Pupils taken.
"Living Wage." Little overtime. No work given out, onWs well
lighted and healthy. Mss. kept in fireproof safe. Effi. tent staff.
AUTHORS' Mss.. &c., neatly and aoourately
. TYPED by experience.! Typists, lOtf. pet 1,000 References
iinc Shorthand SOUTH WEST si|oRTH\M» (Ml
TYPE WRITING BUREAU, MB, I lonmorc street. Southflelds, 8 u
A
THENiEUM PRESS.
I'li \s< is. Printer of the ItAena
JOHN EDWARD
■ l to sniMiT KSTIM \TKS for .ill kin. I- of BOOK, m« h
Rmf PERIODICAL PRINTING Breami BttUdingi\ Chancer*
J* i" , K i '.
2->0
THE ATHENAEUM
N 408.x, March 3, 1906
iHisrfllnitfous.
TRAINING tor PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK and INDEXING -Apply Mm PKTHBRBR1D0E S
8il. TriiK»>. m», Conduit Street, Bond street. London, \V.
ARTISTIC BOOKBINDING.- Slisa
WINIFRED 8TOPE8, II, Carton Road, Hajnpetead, BINDS,
HALF-BINDS or REPAIRS BOOKS Pupils reoelred. Tanni on
application. Bindery open to \ niton. 10 to t, Baturdayi accepted.
JUtljors' Agents.
THE FICTION EDITOB for some time, and the
Literary Reader I" Tarter") for many ream ..f the Ileum.
Hairosworth. haviugreiigned liis appointment, ADVISES UPON
Moo Or EVERY KIND Tin' discoverer and prompter of man;
New Writers. Fiction ■ speciality.- Apply Al'Tlloits ADVISORY
BUREAU, 90, Buckingham Street, W< -t Strand, London, W.C.
THE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
The interests of Authors capably represented. Agreements for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed with Publishers.— Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. BURUUES, 34, Paternoster Row.
M
R. GEORGE LARNER, Accountant and
i. Licensed Valuer to the Bookselling, Publishing. Newspaper.
Printing, and Stationery Trades. Partnerships Arranged. Balance
Sheets and Trading Accounts Prepared and Audited. All Business
carried out under Mr. Larncr'8 personal supervision.— 28, 29, and 30,
Paternoster Row, E.O., Secretary to the Booksellers' Provident
Institution.
Ilefaispaptr ^$mts.
C MITCHELL & CO., Agents for the Sale and
• Purchase of Newspajwr Properties, undertake Valuations for
Probate or Purchase, Investigations and Audit of Accounts, Ac. Card
of Terms on application.
Mitchell House, 1 and 2, Snow Hill, Holborn Viaduct. E.G.
ffiatalognrs.
0
LD AND RARE BOOKS.
CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,
noted BIBLIOGRAPHICALLY and BIOGRAPHICALLY,
Including First or Early Editions of the "Writings of politically every
English Author from Chaucer to R. L. Stevenson.
504 pp. 8vo, with Descriptions and Silling Prices of nearly 4,000 Rare
Books, half-cloth, post free, 2s. 6d.
This Catalogue has been pronounced on all sides to be the most
interesting Booksellers Catalogue on the subject ever issued.
CATALOGUE OF SPORTS, PASTIMES,
ARTS, AND SCIENCES.
222 pp. Svo. with Descriptions and Selling Prices of nearly 2.000 Old or
Rare Books U[>on almost every Branch of Si»rt, Science, or Art.
Paper cover, i>ost free, tkl.
CATALOGUE OF MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS.
126 pp. 8vo, with Descriptions and Selling Prices of about 900 Old
or Rare Books,
Including Works on Africa, America, Australasia— First Editions of
Books illustrated by Randolph Caldecott. George and Robert Cruik-
shank. Richard Doyle, Harry Furness. .lames Gillray, Ernest Onset.
John Leech, Hablot K. Browne (Phiz), Henry Aiken. Thomas
Rowlandson. and numerous rare Works with Coloured Plates— an
interesting Collection of Old Curiosa, Erotica, Facetiae, Old Romances,
Chap Books, and Children's Books— numerous Topographical Works
relating to most of the Counties of England. Ireland. Scotland, and
Wales— fine Illuminated Manuscripts with Miniatures— a valuable
Assemblage of Early Typographical Specimens, including many rare
Editiones Principes and Examples of the Early Printers.
Paper cover, ix>st free. 6(1.
CATALOGUE OF TRACTS AND PAMPHLETS,
Chiefly HISTORICAL and TOPOGRAPHICAL.
238 pp. 8vo, with Descriptions and Selling Prices of 3,000 Rare Tracts
and Pamphlets,
Including Items on Africa — A merica — Queen Anne— Astrology-
Bedfordshire— Berkshire —Buckinghamshire— Cambridgeshire— Civil
Mar— Charles I. and II— Channel Islands— Cheshire— Commonwealth
—Cornwall— Oliver Cromwell— Cumlierland— Derbyshire— Devonshire
—Dorsetshire— Durham— Economics and Trade— Queen Elizabeth-
Essex— Flanders— France— George I. and II.— Germany— Gloucester-
shire—Hampshire— Herefordshire— Hertfordshire— Holland— Ireland
— lames I. and II. — lesuits— .lews— Kent— Lancashire— Law— Leicester-
shire — Lincolnshire— London— Middlesex— Monmouthshire— Norfolk
—Northamptonshire — Northumberland — Nottinghamshire— Oxford-
shire—Popery— Popish Plot— Pretender ithe Young and Old)— Printing
— Prynne — Quakers- Rutlandshire- Prince Rupert- Scotland— Shrop-
shire — Somersetshire — Spain — Spanish Armada — Staffordshire —
Suffolk — Surrey — Sweden — Wales — Warwickshire — Westmorland-
William I II. — Wiltshire — Worcestershire— Y'orkshire.
Paper cover, post free, 6d.
CATALOGUE OF SHAKESPEARE AND
SHAKKSPEARIAXA.
Consisting of a COLLECTION of ENGLISH BOOKS.
Including Drama. Prose, and Poetry of the Sixteenth, Seventeenth,
and Eighteenth centuries. The Items are arranged Alphabetically
under their Authors' Names, and the whole Catalogue forms an
Important addition to the Bibliography of shakes), can- ami Bacon, and
must prOY6 very attractive to the Collector of Shakcspeariana and to
the Bacon-Shakcspcarc Theorist, as well as to the Student of Early
English Literature.
86 pp. Svo, with Descriptions and Selling Prices of nearly 900 Rare
Books, paper cover, 6u\
PICKERING & CHATTO,
66, HAYMAKKET, LONDON, S.W.
A NCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Collectors
Xjl and Antiquarians are invited to apply to SPINK & SON.
Limited, for Specimen Copy Igratis) of their NUMISMATIC CIRCU-
LAR. The finest Greek. Roman, and English Coins on View and for
Sale at Moderate Prices.— SPINK 4 SON. Limited, Experts, Valuers,
and Cataloguers, 16. 17. and 13. Piccadilly, London, W. Established
upwards of a Century.
BOOKS. — All OUT - OF - PRINT and RARE
books on any subject SUPPLIED. The most expert Bookfinder
extant. Please state wants and ask for CAT A Lou II E. I make a special
feature of exchanging any Saleable Books for others selected from my
various Lists. Special List of 2,000 Books 1 particularly want post free.
— EDW. BAKER'S Great bookshop, IMS, John Bright Street, Birming-
ham. DorC Gallery, great bargain, new, 42s.. for "8. 6u\
LEIG HTON'8
rJLLU8TRATED CATALOGUE <-f EARLY
J- PRINTED and other INTERESTING BOOKS, MAM.-' Ml
and BIND!
OFFERED FOR SALE BY
J. & .1. LKIOHTON, 10, iii.-M.-r M,vet, Golden Square, jr.
Thick Svo, l.V.ls pp., 8,900 items. « itb upward* of 1,:i.Vj Reproductions
in Facsimile.
Bound in art cloth, gilt tops. 23*. ; half morocco, gilt tops, 30*.
B
0 0 K S. — Largest Stock in London
PUBLISHERS' HE.MAINDEU STOCKS,
All in perfectly new condition ss originally published,
but at GREATLY REDUCED Pltl" I -
of
FEBRUARY si 'PPI.ementaky CATALOGUE JV8S READY.
WILLIAM GLAISHER,
Remainder and Discount Bookseller. 265, High HolbotD, London.
TOBOOKBUYERSand LIBRARIANS crl FREE
LIBRARIES. — The MARCH CATALOGUE of valuable
BEOOND-HAND WORKS and NEW REMAINDERS, offered at
prices greatiy redncedjjs Now READY, ami will la* sent i»ost free
upon application to w. U. SMITH A SON, Library Department,
186, St rami, London, W.C.
FIRST EDITIONS of MODERN AUTHORS,
in eluding Dickens, Thackeray. Lever, Ainsworth; Books ill ut>
t ratal bjf G. and K. Cruikr-hunk, Phiz, Kowl.-tmltmn. Ivecch, Jeo. The
largest and choicest Collection offered for Sale in the World. CATA-
LOGUES Issued and sent iwst free on application. Books Bought. —
WALTER T. SPENCER, W, New Oxford Street, London. W.C.
THE INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
No. 141. containing a Special Article, entitled 'MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY and MATTER.' by I'rof. ALFRED W.
PORTER. Specimen Copies gntis.— 'WILLIAMS A NORGATE
Book Importers, 14, Henrietta Street, Cerent Garden, W.C.
HH. PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street, Leicester,
. issues CATALOGUES of MSS. and HAKE BOOKS l*>st free
to Book Collectors. CATALOGUE IB. issued BATURDAT, Feb-
ruary 24. contains Holinshed's Chronicles — Autographs— Books on
Ireland— Books with Woodcuts— Miscellaneous Old Literature, 4c.
CATALOGUE No. 44.— Turner's Liber Studiorum,
England and Wales, and other Engravings— Lucas's Mezzotints
after Constable— Etchings by Whistler, 8. Palmer, 4c— Drawings by
Turner, Burne-Jones, Ruskin, 4c— Illustrated Books — Works by
Ruskin. Post free, Sixpence. — WM. WARD, 2, Church Terrace,
Richmond, Surrey.
A RUNDEL CHROMOS.— Large stock. Many
_r\- rare ones. Send stamp for THIS MONTH'S LIST .which gives
size and shape of each).— ST. JUDE'S DEPOT. Birmingham.
TIMES.— ORIGINAL COPY of JUNE 22, 1815,
containing Wellington's Waterloo Despatch. Offers wanted. —
Box 1090, Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
"VTOTES and QUERIES.— COMPLETE SET to
i_* JULY, 1!K)5, antl Indexes, well bound in Publisher's < 'ases.
What offers?— COLEMAN, 71, Brecknock Road. Camden Road. N.
FOR SALE. — A NEW RALPH ALLISON
OVERSTRUNG UPRIGHT GRAND. 4 ft. :1 in. high, in Rose-
wood. List price. SB Guineas.— For particulars apply R., 122, Lough-
borough Road, S.W.
TUNBRIDGE WELLS.— APARTMENTS.
Comfortably Furnished Sitting-Room and One Bedroom.
Pleasant and central. No others taken.— R. H., 66, Grove Hill Road,
Tunbridge Wells.
^ales bjj ^.urtt0n.
M
The CoOeetton <■' / ' /' ■ -, <iin' Batlyeu relating to
Tlf ■ '■ • ' I. -. the
Property oj WILLIAM .\OBMAX, £*>j., KeteeattU-on.
MKSsks. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON A HODGE
»ill SELL bv AU<TloN. at their Hoase, (Co .. Wellington
■•||>M>\\ March .'». at l o'clock urerisely,
l.l.Ki TIon .,i TK KETS PASMEH mil BADGES relating to
Theatres, Gardens, Gaming bouses, R A.< . ; aluo Trades-
in. m . Til k. ■!.. ■ tin li Earthing-- Medal, and Token, of
NumismatUU a few Colonial P It] sSpectsBSSI of
Moasop's Pattern Penny oi 1788 Matthew V'oung's Token in Silrer—
and a i the Tokens of Auatralia. tbe Properti ■■! WILLIAM
NORMAN, E~i . Newcastle-oo-Tyne, Member of the liritieh NuuuV
niatlcft-
May be viewed. Catalogue* may tie had.
(nal Drawing* by Linley 8a mboume.
MESSRS. 80THEBY, WILKINSON ft HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their Boose, No 1 .:. Wellington
Street, Strand. W.C. on TUESDAY. Marrb •). and Following l>
1 o'clock precisely, the ORIGINAL DRAWINGS by Linler Sam-
bonms Ithe Property of s GENTLEMAN . for most of hi, famous
Oartoonstn I'mi'li. watch have appeared dorfaag the last fftesn years.
May be rimed two ilay» prior, "sfsl g irs may i>e had.
Tlie Collect !•, a oj Cobu " '»' Me<laU funned by the Rev.
JOllS CLEM EST HA l:.\ WELL, deceased.
MESSRS SOTHEBY, WILKINSON* & HODGE
will SELL bv AUCTION, at tleir House, No. 13, Well
Street. Strand, W.C., on FRIDAY, March •>. at 1 o'clock precisely.
a COLLECTION of ENGLISH GOLD and SILVER i>ilNS, the
Property ol ■ GENTLEMAN; ROMAN <.< >!.)> i"is-; and the
COLLECTION of COINS and MEDALS formed br the Rei JOHN
i LEMENT BARNWELL, deceased, of St. Leonards-on-Sea, com-
lirising (ireek anil Itoinan Coins in Geld and Silver— Ancient British
Gold — Anglo-Saxon Pennies— English Coins in Gold and Silver-
Bronze Coins— Medals— Coin Cabinets, Ac.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
Valuable Books, including n Library removed from
Hertfordshire.
ESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
_ bv AUCTION, at their Galleries. 47. Leicester Square, W.C, on
MONDAY. March 12, and Following Day, at ten minutes past 1 o'clock
precisely, VALUABLE BOOKS, including Bath Illustrated by Nattcs.
Coloured Plates— Century Dictionary. 8 rote. — Ackermaun's University
of Oxford. Coloured Plates— Scrope's Salmon Fishing, 1843— Egans
Life in London, boards, uncut — Manuscripts on Vellum, with
Miniatures — Brathwait's English Gentleman, 16::0 — Old Plajs —
Boswell's Life of Johnson, First Edition— Vidal, Les Instruments a
Arehet, 3 vols, morocco extra— Salt's Yiew*s in St. Helena. &c,
Coloured Plates — Costume of Russia. Coloured Plates— Robsons
Grampian Mountains. Coloured Plates— Hasted's History of Kent. 12
Tols. Extra-Illustrated— Duruy's History of Greece. 8 vols., 1!<92—
Austen s Emma, :! vols, uncut— Vyncr's Notitia Venatica. 1S47 ;
Memorials of the Ilaliburtons. with Autograph Letter of Sir W. Scott
—Moore's Views in Rangoon, Coloured Plates — Costumes of the
Madras Army, Coloured Plates— Standard Editions of Ancient and
Modem Writers on Theology, Science, Travel, Biography. Ac. — First
Editions of Dickens, Thackeray, and Lever, many in the Original
Parts as issued— Autograph Letters— Ex - Libris, and Works in
General Literature.
MESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON, and WOODS
respectfully give Notice that thev will hold the Following
SALES by AUCTION, at their Great Rooms. King Street, St. James 1
Square, the Sales commencing at 1 o'clock precisely : —
On TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY,
and FRIDAY', March 6. 7. 8, and 9, OLD ENGLISH BILVER PLATE.
JEWELLERY, OBJECTS of ART, and DECORATIVE FURNI-
TURE ol the late. I. RUSSELL BUCKLER, Esq.
On SATURDAY, March 10, and MONDAY,
March 12, MODERN PICTURES and DRAWINGS of the late
J. RUSSELL BUCKLER. Esq.
On MONDAY, March 12, and TUESDAY.
Mar.h 13. ETCHINGS and ENGRAVINGS of the late J.RUSSELL
BUCKLER Esq.
On WEDNESDAY, March 14, valuable BOOKS,
MANUSCRIPTS. and AUTOGRAPH LETTERS from the Libraries
of the Right Hon. LORD AUCKLAND. I RUSSELL BUCKLER.
ESOy deceased [sold by order of the Executors!. FREDERICK
TowNSEND. Esq., deceased Isold by order of the Execu torsi, and
from various sources. Including NELSON S ORIGINAL INSTRUC-
TIONS FOR THE BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR.
A Collection oj 'Engravings, d-c.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HOlx;E
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. a. Wellington,
Street. Btrand, W.C, on SATURDAY. March 10. at 1 o'clock pre
a COLLECTION of ENGRAVINGS. Ac. tprinctpaJlj framedi. the-
Propertyofa GENTLEMAN going abroad, comprising Mezzotint and
other Portraits after Sir .1 Reynolds. Sir T. Lawrence, Sir G. Kneller.
Rembrandt, J. R. Smith, J, Hoppner, (J. Bomney, Ac.; and a
PORTION of the COLLECTION of a GENTLEMAN, comprising
Portraits and Fancy Subjects by J. Jones, J. Collyer, V. G
S. Cousins. .1. Faber, Ac — Drawings in Water Colours bv Birket
Foster, R. Caldecott W. E. Frost. W. Hamilton. T. Rowlandson,
T. Stotbard. and others ; also a few OIL PAINTINGS.
May lie viewed two days prior. Catalogues may lie had.
Works of Art.
1VTESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
AjI. will SELL bv AUCTION, at their House, No. It, Wellington
Street. Strand. W.C., on WEDNESDAY. March 14. at 1 o'clock
precisely, a COLLECTION of Works ,,f ART. the Priijierty of a
GENTLEMAN leaving London, comprising Carvings in Ivory of the-
Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth Centuries — Venetian and
German Glass — Bronzes — Iron. Silver Work. 4c, including the-
Si>eculum of the celebrated Dr. Dee, from StrawlM-rry Hill, and a
remarkable Pair of Candlesticks, in Enamelled Brass, of tbe Early
Seventeedth Centnrv. from the Earl of Warwick's Collection ; together
with s small COLLECTION of BRONZE, formed by W. U.
NEWMAN. Esq.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may lie had.
M
Curiot
TR. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER at his Room?,
38, King Street. Covent Garden. London. W.C . on TUESDAY
NEXT. March ti. PERSIAN OKN AM ENTS-Chinese and .laiwnese-
Porcelain— Enamels— Cloisonne— Bead Work OrnamenU from South
Africa— New Guinea Curios— Indian Idols— also a Death Mask of
Oliver Cromwell — handsome Malachite Table— a Lock of Charles I.'8>
Hair— and a ditto of Edward IV.— lectures— Prints — Old Violins. 4c.
On view day prior 10 to 4 and Morning of Sale. Catalogues on.
application.
Sales tjf MiteeOtUttWtm Property.
IV/TR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
i.Tj- SALES are held EVERY FRIDAY, at his Rooms. 3S. King
Street. Covent Garden, London. W.C, for the dis)>osal of MICRO-
SCOPES, slides, and OBJECTIVES —Telescopes— Theodolites
Levels -Electrical and Scientific Instruments— Cameras. Lenses, an, I
all kinds of Photographic Apparatus— Optical Lanterns with Slides
and all Accessories in great variety by Best Makers — Household.
Furniture— Jewellery— and other Miscellaneous Property.
On view Thursday 2 to 5 ami morning of Sale.
IMPORTANT AUCTION OF DOCUMENTS, (IKNK.V-
LOGICAL AND HISTORICAL.
AUTOGRAPHS.
JAvres iPHeuret — Med/kevai MSS. — Miniahtrm A utogmphs
(Gabrielle d'Estr.vs, De liuoter, Dibdin,Grotimt, Vlrich von
Hutten, Kant, John Locke, Schiller, Garrick, Beethoven,
Boerhaave, Herschel, Jermer, Limine, Xetctan, James
Watt, dr.)— Albums Amicorum (Sixteenth and Seven-
teenth Centuries) — Armorials — Family Documents—
Economical Works of P. de la Court (MSS. of the Seven'
tecnth Century), dc.
Collections.
Baron M. P. SMISSAKRT.
Baron OUST. \"AN HAVRE.
Baron P. H. DK LA COURT.
Baron Van den BOGAERDE OF HEKSWIJK.
AUCTION in AMSTERDAM at
TtfTESSRS. FREDERIK MULLER & CO.,.
DOELENSTRAAT 10,
APRIL 2-4.
The Catalogue (i,200 Items, with 8 Reproductions) 13-
sent on application.
N°4088, March 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
251
MUDIE'S LIBRARY
(LIMITED),
30-34, NEW OXFORD STREET,
LONDON.
STOCK-TAKING
SALE.
MESSRS. MUDIE are offering
for Sale from MARCH 5 until
MARCH 17, a LARGE STOCK
of SECOND-HAND LIBRARY
BOOKS, and MISCELLANEOUS
STANDARD WORKS in
VARIOUS BINDINGS. CLOTH
and LEATHER, at SPECIAL RE-
DUCTIONS. List on application.
Valuable Miscellaneous Books.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancer* lane. \V.C\, on
THURSDAY. March 8, and Following Day, \ ALU ABLE MIS-
t .'ELLAXEnl S BOOKS, comprising Holinshi-d's Chronicles, 3 vols.
1(88-7, and other Black-Letter and Early Printed Books— Books on
latiirpiolopy and Church Ritual— Standard Works in History and
Philology, including Wright's English Dialect Dictionary, 6 vols. — the
Publications of the Society of Biblical Archeology, 81 vols. 1S7J 1902—
Palestine Exploration Fund, is vols. 1888-1902— Series of the Palestine
Pilgrim's Text S.-ciety, 14 vols.— the Jewish Quarterly Review, and
Hebraic*— Works in Hebrew and Semitic Literature— Poynter's The
National Gallery, 3 vols. — and other handsome Fine-Art and Illus-
trated Books— The Italian Novelists, 9 vols.. Japanese Vellum Copies-
Editions de Luxe of Thackeray, Dickens, and Walter Pater— Scott's
Waverlej Novels. 4c, 88 vols— Egans Life in London. Original Issue —
First Editions of Scott's Novels in boards), Lever, and others.
To be viewed and Catalogues had.
Bare and Valuable Books.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancer; Line. W.C., on
nrUKSDAY, March », and Following Dav. at 1 o'clock, rare and
valuable BOOKS and manuscripts, comprising a Twelfth Century
Kvangeliarium. and other MSS. on vellum, some with Illuminations —
Early Pi inted Books from the Qennan and Italian Presses— Specimens
4lf Stamped Leather and old Morocco Bindings— a Collection of scarce
Americana — curious Black-Letter Rooks and rare volumes in old
English Literature, including the writings of chapman, Daniel,
Massingcr. Beaumont and Fletcher, Burton. Wither, Donne, Milton,
M r • .11. Killlgrew, D'Avenant. Wycherley, St, -nie. and Swift, many in
contemiiorary bindings— Cotton's Scarronides, with Ms. Dedicatory
es, and other Autograph Presentation Books— a fir\c Set of
Jesse's Historical Works, Original Editions— First Editions of Scott's
IUjo -f My Landl rl ftrat Serial 4 \ A;, bctrfc nt i:-: 1 r ut:i:t —
Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare, with Blake's Plates, 2 Tola, original
binding, and others— a fine and complete Set of the Palangraphica]
Society's Publications— Bury's Sixteen Coloured Views on tin Liverpool
and Manchester Railway, and other Books with Coloured Plates— a mag-
nificent Set of Cannon's Historical Records of the British Army (sold
by order of the Executor of the late Miss Sophia Cannon . 67 vols, in
the Original sumptuous Morocco Bindings, with 88 duplicate vols., and
a Collection of tne original Water-Colour Drawings of the Colours,
Uniforms, and Battle Scenes, by \V. Heath and others, used to illus-
trate the volume
Catalogues (containing facsimiles) on application.
iHagajitus, &c.
ABOUT 2,000 BOOKS WANTED arc advertised
for weekly In THE PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR AND BOOK-
SELLERS' RECORD (established 18371, which also gives Lists of the
New Books published during the Week, Announcements of New-
Books, Ac. Subscril»ers have the privilege ,if a Free Advertisement
for Four Books Wanted Weekly. Sent b>r 83 weeks. i«.st free, f"i
«*. IW. Home and lis. Foreign Subscription. Price Three Halfpence
Veekly Office: St. Dunstan's House, Fetter lane, Ixmdon.
N
AMI. I. BE PUBLISHED MONDAY NEXT. FEBRUARY 19.
THE SIXTY-FIRST ANNUAL ISSUE OF THE
EWSPAPER PRESS DIRECTORY, 1906,
AND ADVERTISERS (HIDE.
Price 2». net ; post free. 2t. (d.
C MITCHELL A CO..
British. Colonial, and Foreign Advertising Agents,
Mitchell House, 1 and 2, Snow Hill, llollwrn Viaduct, London.
"DLACKWOOD
For MARCH contains—
DRAKE : an English Epic. Book I.
By ALFRED XOYES.
AN UNDERGROUND REPUBLIC : an Adven-
• ture in Macedonia.
SCOTCH COUSINS.
A CAMP OF INSTRUCTION. By X.
A HISTORIC FRAGMENT.
By LADY BAILLIE HAMILTON.
A VESTAL MOTHER.
THE KABUL TRAGEDY.
From the Papers of a Survivor of the Massacre in
Afghanistan, 1841-42.
COUNT BUNKER. Chaps. 13-18.
By J. S. CLOUSTON.
AT THE MOUTH OF THE SASKATCHEWAN.
By CHAS. HAXBURY WILLIAMS.
"A LA GRANDE CHAUMIERE."
By CHARLES OLIVER.
GAME PRESERVATION IN the TRANSVAAL.
By Major J. STEVENSON-HAMILTON,
Warden Transvaal Government Game Reserves.
TRUANT TRUTH. By G. K. M.
MUSINGS WITHOUT METHOD.
Drama in the Village— The Decay of our Rural Dis-
tricts—What ails the Stage ?— Lord Byron and a For-
gotten Scandal— A Cabinet of Amateurs.
ENGLAND'S MISSION IN THE FAR EAST.
By Pl'-Ll -SSC.
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.
T
HE MONTHLY REVIEW.
Edited by CHARLES HANBURY- WILLIAMS.
MARCH, 1906. 2s. 6<<. net.
DEBACLE. Walter Frewen Lord.
LORD LOVELACE ON THE SEPARATION OF LORD
AND LADY BYRON. Rowland E. Prothero.
THE COMING EDUCATION BILL: A FORECAST.
Beriah G. Evans.
SOCIALISM AND DEMOCRACY IN GERMANY.
Louis Elkind, M.D.
THE OFFICER QUESTION. Lieut -Col. Alsager Pollock.
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART. A. EL Keeton.
LORD CURZON IN INDIA, 1899-1905. "Anglo-Indian."
A SERVANT OF THE CROWN. Theodore Andrea
Cook.
SOME ACCOUNT OF A SLUM. A. Gleig.
ANTI-SEMITISM IN RUSSIA. L. Villari.
ON THE LINE.
A FACE OF CLAY, Chaps. XI.-XIIL Horace Annesley
Vachell.
JOHN MURRAY, AlbemarlelStreet, W.
THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND AFTER,
MARCH, 190B.
THE FLOOD -AND AFTER. By the Right Hon. Sir Herbert
Maxwell, Bart.
THE LIFE OF GLADSTONE. By Lord Hugh Cecil
EDUCATION AND THE NEW GOVERNMENT. By the Right
Hon. Lord Btanlej of Alderley.
EVANGELICALS AND THE EDUCATION QUESTION. By the
Ladj Wlmoome.
RANDOLPH CHURCHILL: a Personal Recollection. By Wilfrid
Scawen Blunt.
THE FUTURE OF EUROPE. By the Right Hon. Lord Avebury.
THE NATION AND THE ARMY ByOoL the Earl of Enroll.
THE EXPATRIATION OF CAPITAL. By W. H. Mallock.
THE DANCE IN ANCIENT GREECE. By Marcelle Azra Hinoks.
EARTHQUAKES IN GREAT BRITAIN. By Dr. Charles Davison.
THE LABOUR PARTY: a Unionist View. By Sir Henry Seton-
Karr, c M G.
THE UNEMPLOYED AND TRADES UNIONS. By David McLaren
Morrison.
BltlXKN AND HEALTH By Lady Paget.
THE HOLY SEE AND FRANCE. By the Rev. Ethelred Taunton.
FOOTBALL AND POLO IN CHINA. By Herbert A. Giles, Professor
of Chinese at Cambridge.
"THEIFIRSTGENTLEMAN OF EUROPE" AS PATERFAMILIAS.
By the Hon Mrs Oonrad Dillon.
THE GOVERNMENT AND THE opposition. By Herbert Paul-
M P,
London: SPOTTISWOODK ft CO., Ltd., S, New Street S-piare.
THE BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine
Strut . London, W c . MARCH :i. contains:—
Tlu Queen Victoria Memorial. Liverpool : The Report of the Traffic
Commission; Porches and Approaches (Architectural Aasociateon) ;
Royal Academy Lectures Sculpture; The Assimilation of the
Practice Of Quant it v Sun •• vim; .Sui reyors' Institutioni ; Efrlorescrncr
in Brickwork: Mathematical Date for Architects; Itoalgn for s Sken
Bridge iGrissell Medal Design, Institute of Architects), fee.— From
iben *./ , by i«.st <}</ . i, m through any Ncwsag. Tit. ,
SMITH, ELDER & CO.'S
LI8T.
■ ♦
ELIZABETH BARRETT
BROWNING IN HER LETTERS. By
PERCY LUBBOCK. With a Photogravure
Portrait of Mrs. Browning from a Chalk
Drawing by Mrs. Bridell Fox. Crown 8vo,
"is. 6d. net. [Early in March.
ROBERT BROWNING AND
ALFRED DOMETT. Edited bv FREDERIC
G. KEN YON, D. Litt. F. B. A. With 3 Photo-
gravure Portraits. Crown 8vo, 5s. net.
[Early in March.
A WOMAN OF WIT AND
WISDOM : a Memoir of Mrs. Elizabeth Carter,
one of the " Bas Bleu" Society (1717-1806).
By ALICE C. C. GAUSSEN, Author of ' A
Later Pepys.' With a Photogravure Frontis-
piece, Facsimile, and 9 Half-Tone Illustrations.
Large postSvo, 7*. 6d. net. [Early in March.
NEW N0YEL BY MRS. PERCY DEARMER.
Just Published. Crown 8vo, 6s.
BROWNJOHN'S. By Mrs.
PERCY DEARMER, Author of ' The
Orangery : a Corned}' of Tears,' ' The Difficult
Way,' &c.
Daily News. — "A novel which will deservedly
be widely read and enjoyed."
ALSO A THIRD IMPRESSION OF MRS.
DEARMER'S N0YEL.
THE DIFFICULT WAY.
Crown 8vo, 6*.
Standard. — "Mrs. Percy Dearmer's new novel
is one of the most remarkable and noteworthy
that have been produced this season."
NEW N0YEL BY M. E. CARR.
Just Published. Crown 8vo, 6s.
THE POISON OF TONGUES.
By M. E. CARR, Author of 'Love and
Honour,' and 'George Goring'a Daughters."
Pall Mall Gazette. — "An admirable series of
studies in character and social life a capital
piece of work."
NEW N0YEL BY G. F. BRADBY.
Just Published. Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d.
DICK : a Story without a Plot.
By G. F. BRADBY, Author of ' Joshua
Newings ; or, the Love Bacillus,' and ' The
Marquis's Eye.1
Birmingham Po«t. — " A series of humorous
incidents The fun is of the * simmering ' order,
and while never uproarious, it is seldom absent
from many consecutive sentences."
THE CORNHILL MAGAZINE
For MARCH." Price One Shilling.
Contents.
sir JOHN CONSTANTINR Chapters XVTL -XIX By
A. T. QaiUer-Cooch.
MR. GLADSTONE AS I KNEW HIM. Bj the Right
Hon. sir Algernon West, Q.C.B.
ABOUT SOLUTION* By W. A. Shenstone, F.RS.
THE lass OF WINDWARD l'AHM. By Halliwell
Sutcliffe.
THE JUDGMENT OF <KTONK. By R A. K,
GENERAL BOMEB TOUNGHUBBAND AND SCTNDE.
By Sir Francis Yimiij:htisl>;mil, K.C.I. K.
SOME NATURAL HISTORY. III. By the Her. Dean
Latham
SOME FORGOTTEN ADMIRALS. By w. J. Fletcher,
FROM A COLLEGE WINDOW. XI.
CHTPPINGE. Chapters vil.-ix. ByStanleyJ. Weymaa.
London :
SMITH, ELDER & CO. Iff, Waterloo Plaoe, S.W.
2>2
THE ATIIEN7EUM
N» 4088,
Makcii 3, 1906
SIX BOOKS
PUBUBBXO HY
SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS LTD.
i.
A NEW YOLUME OF REMINISCENCES
AND TRAYEL
By Capt. PHILIP WYNTER,
Late of tlie Bengal Army, and of the Special
Foreign Messenger Service.
ON THE QUEEN S
ERRANDS
With C Photogravures. 10s. 6d. net.
ii.
A YOLUME OF ART CRITICISM
By FREDERICK WEDMORE,
ENTITLED
WHISTLER AND
OTHERS
With Photogravure Portrait. 6s.
in.
A YOLUME OF EXCERPTS FROM THE UN-
PUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT SERMONS
AND ADDRESSES OF
STOPFORD A. BROOKE.
THE LIFE
SUPERLATIVE
With Photogravure Portrait. 6s.
IV.
ROBERT HUGH BENSON'S NEW BOOK.
RICHARD RAYNAL:
SOLITARY.
3s. Gel.
v.
A NEW NOYEL BY A NEW WRITER.
THE SEPARATIST
6s.
AND VI.
HOW TO CHOOSE A
HOUSE :
HOW TO TAKE AND KEEP IT.
By CHARLES EMANUEL and
E. M. JOSEPH.
3s. Gd. net.
SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, Ltd., Publishers,
London : Bath : New York.
.1 Ut |]<
MESSRS. LONGMANS & COS LIST.
NEW BOOK BY THE LATE BISHOP STUBBS.
LECTURES ON EARLY ENGLISH
HISTORY.
By WILLIAM STUBBS, D.D.,
Formerly Bishop of Oxford Bad Regius Professor of Modem History in the University of OxfonL
Edited by ARTHUR HASSALL, M.A., Student of Christ Church, Oxford.
Svo, 12*. 0d. net.
FROM THE EDITORS PREFACE.
"This collection of Lectures, delivered ;it various times by Bishop Btobbs, will prove B (Billable addition to our
horities for Early English History.
"The Constitution under the Early English and Norman Kings is described very clearly, and the full explain
given of the technical terms which are used in the Laws and Charters of the Norman Kings are a very noticeable feature-
in many of the Lectures.
" All students of Stubbs's 'Select Charters ' will find in many of these Lectures elucidations of •■ )ii<li hive
hitherto presented great difficulty, it is not too much to say that (or the first time historians have been preseated with a
full commentary upon the most difficult portions of the ' Select Charters.' "
INTERNATIONAL LAW: a Treatise.
By L. OPPENHEIM, LL.D.,
Lecturer in Public International Law at the London School of Economics and Political Science (I'niversity of London),
and Member of the Faculty of Economics and Political Science of the University of Loudon,
In 2 vols. 8vo, sold separately.
Vol. I. PEACE. 18s. net.
Vol. II. WAR AND NEUTRALITY. 8vo, 18s. net.
" Mr. Oppenheim plays the role of intermediary between the student and the expert with conspicuous success. A
special feature of his work, which will render it of great value to others besides those to whom it is primarily addressed,
is his system of prefixing to each section a very full table of references to the authorities, British and foreign, on the-
topic treated. From the bibliographical point of view, there is no English work to compare with Mr. Oppenheim a.
Juridical Reekie.
PROSPECTUS SEXT FREE OX APPLICATIOX.
THE KEY TO THE WORLDS PROGRESS : being an Essay on
Historical Lo^ic. By CHARLES STANTON DEVAS, M.A., sometime Examiner in Political Economy in the-
Royal University of Ireland. Crown Svo, 5s. net.
*** The object of this book is to give to the logic and history of Newman an economic or sociological setting, and thus-
to show that " for the explanation of world history we must first have the true theory of the Catholic Church, and her life
through eighteen centuries." Part I. states briefly the problems which the philosophy of history seeks to resolve. Part IL
presents the solution offered by Christianity, and takes the form of an historical analysis of the principles by which the-
Chtirch has been guided in her relations with the world.
ASPECTS OF ANGLICANISM; or, a Comment on Certain
Incidents in the 'Nineties. By Mgr. MOVES, D.D., Canon of Westminster Cathedral. Crown Svo, 6V. Gd. net.
*** This book is a free comment from a Roman Catholic standpoint upon certain incidents in the religious life of
Anglicanism in the 'Nineties. It. deals incidentally with the Lambeth Judgment, and with the question of continuity..
It represents the criticism which from the point of view of history and theology some of the later developments of
Anglicanism would suggest to a Roman Catholic mind. Its object has been to illustrate Church principles by current
facts. It concludes with a critique of the Anglican system.
A LENTEN GIFT BOOK.
A BOOK OF ANGELS. Edited by L. P., Compiler of ' The
Inheritance of the Saints.' With 12 Rembrandt Gravures. Crown Svo, 6*\ net.
*** This is a collection of original papers on different subjects connected with Angels contributed by various writers,,
among whom are the Dean of Salisbury, the Rev. V. S. S. Coles, Canon Wirgman, Dean Randall, and the Dean of
Grahamstown. There are 12 reproductions of pictures from medieval and modern artists and also several poems, some-
having been specially written for this book.
NEW COLLECTED RHYMES. By Andrew Lang. Crown 8vo,
4s. Ctf. net.
Loyal Lyrics— Cricket Rhymes— Jubilee Poems— Critical of Life, Art, and Literature — Folk-Songs— Ballads.
THE SUBJECTION OF WOMEN. By John Stuart Mill. New
Edition. Edited, with Introductory Analysis, by STANTON COIT, Ph.D. Crown 8vo, 3s. net.
POPULAR EDITION. Crown 8vo, paper covers, 6rf. net.
*»* This Work was originally published in I860, and has been out of print for many years. The object of the book i*
to show that the existing position of women is wrong, not merely in its details, but in its fundamental principle, the legal
subordination of one sex to the other. Some of the statements, however, as to the legal position of women do not Bold
good today, and therefore Dr. Stanton Coit has in this new edition prefixed an Introduction, in which he not only gives--
an analysis of the book, but supplements it with notes giving the changes in the law since ISO1.' which affect the question.
CHEAPER REI88UES OF BOOKS BY W. H. HUDSON.
NATURE IN DOWNLAND. With 12 Plates and 14 Illustra-
tions in the Text by A. D. M'CORMICK. Svo, 5*. net.
HAMPSHIRE DAYS. With 11 Plates and 36 Illustrations in
the Text by J. SM1T, BRYAN HOOK, and others. Svo, St. net.
ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW. Vols. I.-XX., 1886-1905.
A General Index of Articles, Notes, Documents, and Selected Reviews of Books. Royal Svo, paper covers, is. 6d. net..
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO. 39, Paternoster Row, London, E.C.
N°4088, Makch 3, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
253
CHAPMAN & HALL'S LATEST LIST
MESSES. CHAPMAN & HALL HAVE THIS
WEEK PUBLISHED
MR. BUTLER BURKE'S GREAT BOOK,
THE ORIGIN OF LIFE.
Demy 8vo5 16s. net.
" Mr. Burke's discovery is of immense importance. It seems
to put the problem of life's origin one step further back. He
states the case for continuity in Nature with admirable lucidity
and force, and if his thinking is at times too transcendental for
some of his readers, it is, at any rate, eloquently and cogently
expressed. He has given fresh life to an inquiry that will never
lose its interest." — Daily Telegraph, Feb. 26, 1906.
THE ORIGIN OF LIFE.
By J. BUTLER BURKE.
" Is perhaps unique in being a remarkable contribution to the
fundamental problem of biology by one who is not a biologist, but a
physicist. It is as a physicist that Mr. Burke has been attacking
this question for the past decade, and his success is a new testimony
not only to the continuity of Nature, but to the continuity of
science — our knowledge of Nature."
Dr. C. W. Saleeby, in the Daily Chronicle, Feb. 26, 1906.
THE ORIGIN OF LIFE.
By J. BUTLER BURKE.
Demy 8vo, 16s. net.
M Will demand the careful study and criticism of scientific
men .... It is a very fascinating idea that we are to find, in the
almost miraculous new element of radium, if not the physical basis
of life, at least ' the only begetter ' of the manifold forms of exist-
ence, from bacteria to mankind, that inhabit the world."
Daily Mail, Feb. 26, 1906.
THE ORIGIN OF LIFE.
By J. BUTLER BURKE.
With numerous Photographs and Diagrams.
" He has unquestionably found a way to produce a very
interesting phenomenon — a phenomenon whose full significance is
not at present determined, but which seems likely to mark another
step in the direction of solving the problem of living matter."
Daily Xews, Feb. 27, 1906.
THE ORIGIN OF LIFE.
By J. BUTLER BURKE.
READY NOW WITH EVERY GOOD BOOKSELLER AND AT
EVERY LIBRARY.
*' Regarding this fascinating volume as a whole, we believe
that .... it does provide material for the earnest consideration of
every thinker who is inclined to scoff at the theory of universality
of potential life in matter. .. .His book will be the subject of
controversy. In the Middle Ages he would have rxin grave risk of
being burnt at the stake." — Morning Post, Feb. 26, 1 906.
IN THE PRESS.
A NEW AND REVOLUTIONARY STUDY OF ROUSSEAU.
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU.
A New Study in Criticism.
By FREDERIKA MACDONALD.
"With Numerous Illustrations, Facsimiles, <fcc.
2 vols, demy 8vo, 2 Is. net.
A ROMANTIC HISTORICAL MONOGRAPH.
A FRIEND OF
MARIE ANTOINETTE
(Lady Atkyns).
By FREDERIC BARBEY.
With an Introduction by VICTORIEN SARDOTJ.
With Portraits. Demy 8vo, 10s. 6d. net.
MR. L. T. HOBHOUSE'S NEW WORK.
MORALS IN EVOLUTION.
By L. T. HOBHOUSE,
Author of ' The Labour Movement,' ' The Theory of Knowledge,'
' Mind in Evolution,' ' Democracy and Reaction,' &c.
2 vols, demy 8vo, 21s. net.
A NEW WORK ON THE BALKANS.
BY-PATHS IN THE BALKANS.
By Capt. F. W. VON HERBERT,
Author of ' The Defence of Plevna.'
Demy 8vo, 10s. 6d. net.
NOW READY.
CHAPMAN & HALL'S LATEST NOVELS.
THE SMITHS OF SURBITON.
By KEBLE HOWARD.
[Sixth Edition in the press.
THE BENDING OF A TWIG.
By DESMOND F. T. COKE.
[Second Edition.
THE BISHOP'S APRON.
By W. SOMERSET MAUGHAM.
[Second Edition in the press.
THE MISSES MAKE-BELIEVE.
By MARY STUART BOYD.
ALL IN DEMAND IN THE LIBRARIES.
All bright, vigorous, stimulating stories.
CHAPMAN & HALL, Limitbd, 11, Henrietta Street, W.C.
254
THE ATHENJEUM
NT* 4088, Kabcb B, 1906
MACM£LLAN & CO.S
NEW HOOKS.
MEMOIRS I0F
ARCHBISHOP
TEMPLE.
By SEVEN FRIENDS. Edited by K c. BAND-
I ORD, Archdeacon ol Exeter. With Photogravure
and other Illustrations. In 2 vola. Bvo, 86a net
HENRY "SIDGWICK:
a Memoir.
By A. S. and K. M. S.
With Portrajta. 8vo, ist, erf. net
NERO.
BY
STEPHEN PHILLIPS.
Crown Bro, 4*-. c<f. net.
THE ORIGIN AND
DEVELOPMENT OF THE
MORAL IDEAS.
By EDWARD YVESTERMARCK, Ph.D.
" Author of the ' History of Human Marriage.' ,
In 2 vols. Vol. I. Svo, 14*. net.
H. FIELDING HALL'S
NEW BOOK.
A PEOPLE AT
SCHOOL.
8vo, 10a. net.
TRIBUSE.— "There is so much that is stimulating and
suggestive in this illuminating hook that one is tempted to
ffuote indefinitely, bat enough has heen quoted t<> show that
this is a 1 k that statesmen and economists should study,
and it is one whieh should he placed in the hands of all
young men taking posts in thejCivil Service out East."
SECOND EDITION.
THE FOUNDERS OF GEOLOGY.
By Sir ARCHIBALD GEIKTE, F.R.S. D.C.L. D.Sc. 8vo,
10*. net.
THE PHILOSOPHY
RELIGION.
OF
By Dr. HARALD HOFFDING.
Translated by B. E. MEYER. 8vo, 12*. net
"festival studiesT
Being Thoughts on the Jewish Year.
By ISRAEL ABRAHAMS, M.A.,
Reader in Talniudic to the University of Cambridge.
Crown 8vo, 2*. 6rf.
VOL. III. NOW READY.
PAPERS OF THE BRITISH
SCHOOL AT ROME.
With Illustrations and Maps, 8CM. net.
Content*. — The Classical Topography of the Roman
Campagna, II. — Notes OB Roman Historical Sculptures.
By II. Stuart Jones. — Fragment* of Roman Historical
Reliefs in the Vatican and Lateran Museums. By A. .1. B.
Ware. — Some Drawings from the Antique attributed to
Pisanello. Jty <;. E Hill. - Pythagoras. By K. A.
McDowall.
UNIFORM EDITION OE THE NOVELS OE
CHARLE8 LEVER.
With all the Original Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 3*. Crf. each.
ARTHUR O'LEARY.
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd, Loudon.
Messrs. HURST & BLACK ETT
have NOW READY a work
of great importance by Mrs.
ALEC TWEED IE.
In 1 vol. royal Bvo, with win worn Dlnitratioui
from Photographs taken 1 ipeeiallj for this hook,
price 21a neb
P0RFIRI0 DIAZ,
Seven Times President of Mexico.
By Mrs. ALEC TWEEDIE,
Author of ' Mexico as I saw it,' 4c.
BOMS EARLY HE VIEWS.
"The story of modern Mexico and of President Diaz is
told with knowledge and vigour in this most attractive
book." — Morning Port.
" One whose life was well worth writing, and Mrs. Tweedie
iuU shown that she is an equally close observer of both
great things and small." — Standard.
"Mrs. Tweedie's volume will give English readers a vi\ id
enough portrait of the man whom Mr. Frederic Harrison
called the Great Dictator of the West." — Daily Chronicle.
"Mrs. Tweedie has given us a work of distinct historical
value, and her biography of this remarkable man will be one
of the most important volumes of the year." — Tribune.
"The life story of President Diaz is the history of Mexico,
over which he has reigned supreme during the last thirty
years, and it is a charming picture of a successful and useful
life, and one which well repays the reading." — Daily Express.
AN ART BOOK FOR ALL TIME.
ORDINARY EDITION, 1 vol. demy 4to, cloth,
gilt top, price 21. 2s. net.
LARGE-PAPER EDITION (limited to 100 Copies
for England), price 4/. is. net.
Containing 41 Full-Page Illustrations in
Colour and 36 in Black and White.
[Ready next iceel:
THE FIRST CENTURY OF
ENGLISH PORCELAIN,
1744-1850.
By W. MOORE BINNS,
Director of Furnivals, Limited, and late Art
Director of the Royal Porcelain Works, Worcester.
It is desired by the publication of this work to
enable Collectors of Porcelain to obtain, as far as
is possible from print, a correct idea as to the
origin of their Specimens, to help them to diagnose
each Piece.
The Work deals with English Porcelain from its
Birth in about 1744 to the Year 1850.
The Illustrations have been selected
especially, as far as possible, from Private
Collections.
AN ILLUSTRATED PROSPECTUS POST
FREE OX APPLICATION.
THE LATEST AND BEST
SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
UNDER THE ARCH OF LIFE.
By LADY HENRY SOMERSET.
THE WHITE HAND. By Carl
JOUBERT, Author of ' Russia As It Reallv
Is,' &c.
THE DRAKEST0NE. By Oliver
ONIONS, Author of " The Odd-Job Man,' &c.
IN SILENCE. By Mrs. Fred Rey-
NOLDS, Author of ' A Quaker Wooing,' &c.
JENNIFER PONTEFRACTE. By
ALICE and CLAUDE ASKEW, Authors of
' Shulamite,' ' Anna of the Plains,' &c.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
MESSRS. CONSTABLE'S
L I S T.
NEXT WEEK'3 BOOK8.
A SHORT HISTORY OF ITALY
(476-190 B 111 MtV dwigui
with Map, Dwnj - •■• -- <■
-l.l«,\W< K.
CITIES OF PAUL : Beacons of the
T ..kindled by the l-n--.nl. liv WII.MA.M
111 KM-. I WEIGHT, Author of 'Ancient Citie* from
the Dawn to the Daylight.' Drown 8*0, <■». M. net.
THE RELIGION OF ALL GOOD
.MKN.and other Studio in <lir.-ti.,n Kllii. -. Isvll W.
OARROD, Fellow of Merlon College, Oxford. Extra,
crown svo, [>*. net.
ON LEPROSY AND FISH EATING.
By JONATHAN HUTCHINSON i tt.8 I.I. i» i B.GJL
With Maps and Illustrations. Dewy bvo, Ma 6d. net.
8IXSHILLING NOVEL8.
THE SHADOW OF LIFE. By Anne
DOUGLAS SEDGWICK, Author of 'The Hatha of
Judgment,' A<\
THE WHEEL OF LIFE. By Ellen
GLASGOW, Author of 'The Deliverance,' Ac.
CURAYL. By Una L Silberrad,
Author of ' Petronilla Heroven,' 'The Wedding of the
Lady of Lovell,' Ac.
Messrs. ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE d. CO.
beg to announce tluii by arrangement
with Messrs. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN
<L CO. they now publish the following
Series : —
AMERICAN MEN OF LETTERS.
Biographies of Eminent American Authors. Fcap. Svoi
4»-. txf. net each.
AMERICAN STATESMEN.
Biographies of Men Famous in the Political History of
the I'uited States. Edited by JOHN T. MORSE, Jun.
Fcap. Svo, is. 6d. net each.
AMERICAN COMMONWEALTHS.
Histories of the Representative Commonwealths of the
I'uited Suites. With Maps. Fcap. svo. 4.-. M, net each.
WORKS OF THOREAU. Riverside
Edition, 11 vols. Crown Svo, GV. each.
WORKS OF EMERSON. Riverside
Edition. 12 vols. Crown Svo, 6*. net each.
WHITE FOR LISTS OF TITLES.
SOME RECENT PUBLICATIONS.
JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL: a
Biography. By FERRIS GREENs-LET. Illustrated.
Crown svo, Gs. net.
IN OUR CONVENT DAYS. By
AGNES RF.Pl'l.IKR. Author of ' Compromises," Points
of View,' Ac. Fcap Bto, .'.-. net.
SHAKESPEARE'S LONDON. By
HENRY THEW STEPHENSON. With Maps, Plans,
and Illustrations of the well - known Topographical
landmarks of Shakespeare's Day. Crowa sm>. Sfc net.
THE EUAHLAYI TRIBE : a Study
in Aboriginal Life in Australia. By K. LANGLOH
PARKER. With an Introduction" hy ANDREW
LANG. Illustrated. Demy Svo, ~s. (xf, net.
SCARABS: an Introduction to the
Studv of Egypt i an Seals and Sipnet Rings. Bv PERCY
E Ni;« BERRY. With 44 Plates and numerous Ulus-
t rations in the Text. Royal svo, IS*, net.
FULL LISTS AND PROSPECTUSES, pott
//•<<, on application to ARCHIBALD
CONSTABLE & CO., Ltd., 16, JAMES
STREET, HAYMARKET, LONDON.
N° 4088, March 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
255
SATURDAY, MARCH 3, 1906.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Prof. Ridgeway on the Thoroughbred Horse .. 255
Mr. Watts-Dunton and the Dramatic Poem .. 256
Almond of Loretto .. .. ~. .. .. .. 257
India and the Apostle Thomas 258
New Novels (The Gambler ; Fanny Lambert ; The
Drakestone ; The Scholar's Daughter ; The Am-
bush of Young Days ; In Silence ; Mark Maturin,
Parson ; Les Grands Bourgeois) .. .. 259 — 260
Classical Books 260
French History 261
Our Library Table (The Burlesque Napoleon ;
Julian the Apostate ; A Book of Mortals ; Suffer-
ing's Journey on the Earth ; Essays by John
Morley ; Reminiscences of a Radical Parson ;
Everyman's Library ; The Universal Library ; The
English Catalogue of Books ; Yickers's Newspaper
Gazetteer) 262—264
List of New Books 264
Goethe and Heine; Chaucer— " Prestes Thre";
The Spring Publishing Season; Sale .. 265—266
Literary Gossip 266
Science— The Central Tian-Shan Mountains ; A
la poursuite d'une ombre ; research notes ;
Dr. Le Bon's Theories of Matter ; Societies ;
Meetings Next Week ; Gossip .. .. 267—271
Fine Arts— English Furniture ; Art and Artists ;
The International Exhibition at the New
Gallery ; Sale ; Gossip 271—274
Music — London Symphony Orchestra Concert;
Mr. Campbell McInnes's Bach Concert ; Miss
Mary Cracroft's Concert ; Philharmonic
Concert ; A New Italian Opera ; Gossip ;
Performances Next Week 274—276
Drama— Gossip 276
Index to Advertisers 276
LITERATURE
The Origin and Influence of the Thorough-
bred Horse. By William Ridgeway,
Disney Professor of Archaeology. (Cam-
bridge, University Press.)
The title of this book does not at first
sight suggest more than a fraction of
the interest Prof. Ridgeway's work must
have for students of animal or of human
history. Stories, indeed, are already being
told of prominent friends of the turf who,
having bought the volume for the study
of " form," have shown an amazed dis-
appointment upon reading of Hittite
basreliefs and colour-inheritance in Mus-
covy ducks. Prof. Ridgeway's purpose
has been to trace the history of the use
of horses by mankind, and to determine the
influence which the possession of them,
and in particular the possession of the North
African horse, has exercised upon the de-
velopment of the chief nations of all
historical periods. To this task he has
applied all the stores of his learning and
the most indefatigable and catholic re-
search. Regarded simply as a contribution
to archeology and history, this work of
the Cambridge Professor would in several
sections of it mark an epoch. But this is
not all, for the author has not allowed him-
self to be confined within any academic
limits of his own subject ; and the result
of the width he has given to his range of
view is a notable contribution to another
science. It is the simple truth that no
such addition has been made in biology
to the study of a domesticated animal
since Darwin wrote.
We need not now be reminded of the
valuable material for the science of
heredity which Darwin found in the study
of domesticated animals, and the results
produced by the conscious selection of
favourable varieties. Domestication has
provided through the ages, as he said,
" an experiment on a gigantic scale " ;
yet we cannot now avail ourselves of the
data given by this experiment, in the
absence of conscious records of them,
without elaborate historical inquiry.
To restore these data Darwin gave such
limited time as his own experiments left
to him, and that was in the days when
scientific archaeology was in its infancy
as regards material if not method. If we
compare the survey which he gives, often
tentatively, of the course of the domesti-
cation and development of our horses
with the detailed wealth of the informa-
tion Prof. Ridgeway has brought together,
ranging over the whole field of ancient
and modern history, we can realize effec-
tively the immense value of the help
which this new instrument of precise his-
torical inquiry has supplied, in Prof.
Ridgeway's hands, to that branch of
biology.
After a condensed review of the geo-
logical records of the ancestry of the horse
— records whose recent enrichments Dar-
win could not profit by, though he foretold
them — Prof. Ridgeway investigates closely
the relationships of all the existing Equidse.
On this side it is enough to say that his
conclusions are in the main supported by
the work of Prof. Osborn in America and
by that of Prof. Ewart in Edinburgh,
whose studies in zebra hybrids are so
well known, and to whom this book
is dedicated. Some opposition at first
evoked is already beginning to lose its
champions.
In his third chapter Prof. Ridgeway
describes the horses of prehistoric and
historic times, and it is here that he shows
the greatest wealth of research and
versatility. Unluckily, this chapter betrays
a lamentable want of method in the
arrangement of its accumulated details.
It constitutes three-fourths of the whole
book, but the presentation of the matter
is inartistic and sometimes confusing.
Every tree is worth study and claims
ungrudging praise, but the forest is too
often lost from view. A great improve-
ment could be effected in later editions
by the employment of smaller type for
subordinate evidence, and the liberal use
of subdivisions and guide-headings : in so
extensive a field of study the reader
should be saved by these elementary
devices from the great effort at present
required to keep the main issue in view.
The chief thesis developed here is the
definite assignment of the " blood "
horse to a North African ancestry not
far removed from the quagga races. It
is shown that for the improvement of the
native European horse, which was pri-
marily slow and intractable, constant
infusions of Libyan blood, with its
accompaniments of speed, good looks,
and extreme docility, have been made
since the earliest times. The weight of
the historical evidence, which Prof. Ridge-
way brings forward in detail, of the
importations of " blood " horses from
Africa to Spain, through Spain to Gaul,
to Greece, to Rome, and to the East, is
entirely on the side of the conclusion that
" it is now beyond all doubt that from the
dawn of history down to the eaily centuries
of our era the Libyan horse surpassed all
others in swiftness, and that no horse was
able to compete with him save those of
Spain, Gaul, and Greece, which were them-
selves wholly or in great part sprung from
the same blood."
A very interesting inscription has recently
(1903) been discovered at Rome which
gives striking support to this conclusion.
It was set up in honour of a famous
charioteer of the first century a.d., when
racing was an absorbing passion at Rome,
and it not only sets forth a list of his
winning horses, but also supplies a descrip-
tion of their breeds. Of 42 horses in all,
actually 38 were purely North African
horses ; one was Spanish, one Gallic,
and two Lacedemonian : none, it must
be noted, was of Arabian or Asiatic origin.
This significant omission is confirma-
tory of one of Prof. Ridgeway's main
conclusions, namely, that Arabia, to
which legend and so much current belief
ascribe the origin of the " blood " horse,
and from which the best ancestors of
English thoroughbreds were derived in
the seventeenth century and later, was
not the original home of the so-called
" Arab," and did but transmit the strains
acquired comparatively lately — in the
centuries after Christ — from Africa, and
that at the beginning of the Christian
era the Arabs of the peninsula did not
possess the Libyan horse, or indeed any
other. We confess that Prof. Ridgeway's
accumulated evidence in support of this
view seems to us irresistible. The point,
moreover, is shown to be one of far wider
interest than if it concerned only the
history of the thoroughbred. For it is
claimed by the author that the acquisi-
tion of good horses by the Arabs in the
centuries just before the birth of Muham-
mad was one of the most momentous
events in the history of the world : —
" All the fervour and fanaticism of the
Prophet would have been of little avail, and
Islam might never have affected the world
as it has done, had it not been that. . . .then*
leading men had obtained horses .... and
had become skilful horsemen."
This nexus between the use of horses of a
high type and the development and
success of the races owning them is
referred to again and again, and it is
this which gives so high an historical
interest to Prof. Ridgeway's inquiries.
He urges the lesson
" that all the races which have in their turn
held the mastery in Asia, Africa, and Europe,
have owed the extension of their power, or
the preservation of their liberty, to the
possession of horses ; . . . . that the lack of
horses till after the conquest of Gaul was the
great weakness of Koine ;. . . .that had not
the Franks owned good horses by 732 a.d.
Western Europe might have been enslaved
by the Saracens ; that the possession of
horses enabled the Normans to eonquer at
Hastings ;... .whilst Bdarlborough's great
victories were largely duo to his cavalry."
256
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4088, March 3, 1906
Pregnant as these pages are with living
human interest, they are charged also
with facts and suggestions of the greatest
biological value. Prominent among these
is the evidence, which appears in more
than one direction, of a correlation
between physical qualities and such an
apparently irrelevant character as coat-
colour. It is shown, for instance, that
one of the results of crossing the bay
Libyan horse with the dun or white
horses of Asia and Europe was a black,
and that this particular result among all
the others — grey, piebald, chestnut, and
the rest — is combined generally with
strength and fair speed ; and in all ages
and in all countries the black horse has
been valued for war. The quality of
speed seems correlated definitely with a
bay coloration — the ancestral Libyan
coat ; and the rigorous selection for speed
exercised through the past century among
racehorses in England has not only
effected an inevitable development of
pace, but also has incidentally obliter-
ated all colours other than bay from
successful racehorses of the present day.
Other points of biological interest cannot
now be dealt with, but we may mention
the evidence put forward of reversion
among blood horses to ancestral African
features, and the material supplied for
the study of the gigantic experiment un-
consciously performed by the introduction
of horses to South America in the six-
teenth century — as to which Prof. Ridge-
way brings forward new details of interest
— and their lapse into the feral condition.
Prof. Ridgeway supplies some interest-
ing concluding pages upon the develop-
ment of equitation and the implements
and ornaments associated with it. These,
like the rest of the volume, are admirably
and abundantly illustrated. We have
only to complain that a work so important
as this in two separate departments of
thought, and of such internal fascination,
should be compelled to wear the dull and
unattractive livery of the " Cambridge
Biological Series " — a series properly de-
voted to class manuals and text-books.
Prof. Ridgeway can well afford, however,
to disregard any risk which might threaten
other works than his with burial in that
series.
The Coming of Love : Rhona BoswelVs
Story, and other Poems. By Theodore
Watts-Dunton. (John Lane.)
In his introduction to this seventh and
enlarged edition of ' The Coming of Love,'
Mr. Watts-Dunton explains that the new
poems incorporated are those which had
been " lent to friends in manuscript and
mislaid " when the book was originally
published. Their absence was indicated
in previous editions by breaks in the
numbering of the sections and by aster-
isks. Since then, " as the missine portions
were one after another found, they
were printed in the Athenaeum and the
Saturday Review." The poem is now
complete, and can be judged as a whole.
As it is in structure, as well as imaginative
quality, one of the most original poems
written during the past tentury, it is
worth while to try to define its place in
the development of poetic art.
Aristotle said that a play is meant to
be read as well as acted. This was
peculiarly true of the Greek drama with
its Chorus, one of whose functions was to
fill up with oblique statements the lacunae
in the dramatic action caused by the
incidents transacted off the stage. The
Chorus, of course, was a reminiscence
of the old Thespian drama, the primary
object of which was the chanting of
Bacchic hymns. This reminiscence the
Greek drama never lost until it decayed
altogether. Something very like this
occurred in the evolution of the English
drama, which had its origin in the mys-
teries, in which the primary object was
recitation. In the same way, the English
drama, right down to the last of the
Shakspeareans, never lost the ruling idea
that it was a recitation as well as a
dramatic picture. This accounts for the
great flexibility of the old English drama.
Although the dramatist could not get
into its structure as much of himself as
he could get into a modern novel, he still
could secure something of the self-indul-
gence of expression which the imaginative
writer requires. But as the theatrical
demands of the acted drama increased
year by year, this flexibility became more
and more repressed. The result is, as
may be seen in Mr. Pinero's latest play,
' His House in Order,' that the dramatist
now makes but little attempt to get
beyond the theatrical " business." No
dramatist is more capable than Mr.
Pinero of painting subtle shades of
character, but his genius is stifled by the
tyrannical limitations of the theatrical
form. Poets have inevitably been so
completely baffled by this growing im-
possibility of getting anything into a play
except " business " that they have shrunk
from making the attempt. When they
do not shrink from it, they find, as Mr.
Stephen Phillips found in writing ' Nero,'
that they must actually collaborate with
the actor-manager and the stage-carpenter.
It would be interesting to know how many
of the situations and curtains and stage-
effects in ' Nero ' are due to Mr. Tree.
The fact that Mr. Phillips felt bound to
acknowledge publicly his obligation to
Mr. Tree is not without significance.
The dramatist might not have chosen
the burning of Rome as the climax or
anticlimax of his tragedy, if he had been
free from the tyranny of " business." He
would probably have carried the action
to its natural end, the death of Nero.
Dramatic dialogue without the restric-
tions of theatrical form remains the one
way of telling a story so that it brings out
the delicate details of character. It was
the recognition of this artistic law that in
the first half of the last century gave rise
to what was called the " dramatic poem ":
that is to say, the poem which is a drama
untrammelled by theatrical conditions. It
is Charles Wells's grasp of this faet in
' Joseph and his Brethren ' which gives
him a place in our poetic literature which
is realized only by such critics as Mr.
Swinburne and Dante Gabriel Rossetti.
In ' Joseph and his Brethren ' we find, as
Mr. Swinburne has pointed out, the cha-
racter of a woman, Phraxanor, which for
vitality has never been surpassed except
by Shakspeare.
Following ' Joseph and his Brethren *
came Bailey's ' Festus.' Bailey was
almost a great poet, as may, perhaps, be
recognized when dilettantism in poetry
and criticism is dead and buried. But
Bailey was much more inartistic than he
ought to have been, in spite of the fact
that he was defying the restrictions of
theatrical form. There was no need for
him to put into the mouths of his cha-
racters such preposterously long-winded
disquisitions as those in which Festus and
Lucifer indulge. And when, in the sub-
sequent editions of his poem, he intro-
duced, as a speech made by one of the
angels, an entire poem which he had pre-
viously published as a separate epic, it
must be admitted that he allowed the
poetic egoist to throttle the poetic artist.
Whatever the artistic defects of ' Festus '
may be — and they are unpardonable —
many a poet who now laughs at Bailey
would never have written his best lines if
Bailey had not written ' Festus.' Sydney
Dobell, who was an acknowledged pupil
of Bailey, produced in ' The Roman ' a
far more satisfactory dramatic poem.
Indeed, despite the length of some of the
speeches, it is the best specimen of the
blank-verse dramatic poem that exists ;
for Alexander Smith's ' Life Drama ' is
so defective in characterization as to fall
below Dobell's work either in ' The Roman*
or in ' Balder.' It was ' Balder,' no
doubt, that prejudiced English poets
against the dramatic form, and no serious
attempt was made to revive it until
Mr. Watts-Dunton published ; The Coming
of Love.' Since then Mr. Thomas Hardy
has embarked upon ' The Dynasts,' a
bold attempt to overthrow and annihilate
that tyranny of theatrical form which has
enslaved the English dramatic poet for
hundreds of years. ' The Dynasts,' as
Mr. Hardy explains in his preface to the
first volume, is " a play intended simply
for mental performance, and not for the
stage." He contends that, '" by dis-
pensing with the theatre altogether, a
freedom of treatment " is attainable that
is " denied where the material possibilities
of stagery " have to be " rigorously
remembered." He goes on to say : —
" Whether mental performance alone may
not eventually be the fate of all drama other
than that of contemporary or frivolous life,
is a kindred question not without interest.
The mind naturally flies to the triumplis of
the Hellenic and Elizabethan theatre in
exhibiting scenes laid ' far in the Unapparent,'
and asks why they should not be repeated.
But the meditative world is older, more
invidious, more nervous, more quizzical,
than it once was, and being unhappily per-
plexed by
Riddles of Death Thebes never knew,
may be less ready and less able than Hellas
and old England were to look through the
insistent, and often grotesque, substance at
the thing signified."
It is clear, then, that a revolution
N° 4088, March 3, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
257
against the tyranny of the theatre is in
active progress. It is raging fiercely in
the Irish Literary Theatre, where its rise
may be traced to the influence of Maeter-
linck and his " static theatre," another
phase of the same revolt. And con-
currently with this revolt of the dramatic
poet there is a similar revolt in the minds
of the more intelligent playgoers, who are
beginning to grow weary of the florid
pageantry of stage spectacle and trivial
" business."
There is, of course, a great difference
between the kind of dramatic poem above
described and ' The Coming of Love.'
In the first place, ' The Coming of Love '
is composed throughout in rhyme, whereas
the dramatic poems of Wells, Bailey,
Dobell, and Mr. Hardy are written in
blank verse (Tennyson's ' Maud,' of course,
is not really a dramatic poem, but a
dramatic monologue). Indeed, as it is a
lyrical dramatic poem, ' The Coming of
Love ' is more nearly related in point of
form to Burns's cantata ' The Jolly
Beggars.' And this leads us to the
suggestion that the true ally of the
dramatic poet is the musical composer.
If such poems as ' The Jolly Beggars ' and
' The Coming of Love ' are to be acted at
all, they might be acted with music, the
imagination of the spectator supplying the
scenery and the other physical details.
Among the new poems we note the
important addition of the ' Haymaking
Song.' This lovely dramatic lyric is
placed at the opening of the second part,
and the effect is magical. The whole
poem is transfigured by it. The fragrance
of rural England is shed upon the story,
and upon the characters who sing in turn
the song of the sweet-scented hay.
Another important addition, perhaps the
most beautiful part of the entire poem,
and one which knits it to ' Aylwin,' is the
long section entitled ' The Haunted Girl.'
In this poem, after Rhona's lover has gone
to sea, Sinfi Lovell takes her to the
Knocker's Llyn on Snowdon, with the
intention of hypnotizing her by the music
of the crwth, and by this means reading
through the eyes of Rhona the mirrored
pictures in the Llyn, thus discovering
something about Henry Aylwin, the man
she herself loves. Rhona, however, is so
possessed by her own love affair that she
is powerless as a clairvoyante, and can
call up nothing but pictures of her parting
from Percy. The poem is iridescent with
Rhona's changing moods, which answer
with exquisite grace the changing moods
of Sinfi's music. This delicate effect is
new both in its conception and execution.
The metrical form responds as subtly to
Rhona's changing moods as Rhona's
changing moods respond to Sinfi's music.
Indeed, the musical richness of ' The
Haunted Girl ' suggests at once an oppor-
tunity for a composer, especially as the
effect in the last stanza is obtained by the
use of the simplest words : —
Closer, closer, my dearest !
Let me feel the dear breath on my face !
Closer, my nearest and dearest I
The last embrace.
The unity of the poem is greatly en-
hanced by the fresh section called ' New
Year's Eve in the Alps.' Here is shown
the effect of solitude and sorrow upon the
poet, transmuting Nature the Malignant
into Nature the Benignant : —
New Year, the stars do not forget the Old !
And yet they say to me, most sorely stung
By Fate and Death, " Nature is ever young,
Clad in new riches, as each morning's gold
Blooms o'er a blasted land : be thou consoled :
The Past was great, his harp was greatly strung ;
The Past was great, his songs were greatly sung ;
The Past was great, his tales were greatly told ;
The Past has given to man a wondrous world,
But curtains of old night were being upcurled
Whilst thou wast mourning Rhona : things sublime
In worlds of worlds were breaking on the sight
Of Youth's fresh runners in the lists of Time.
Arise, and drink the wine of Nature's light ! "
We note several irritating misprints,
such as " sobb " for sob ; and in the last
line of ' Kissing the Maybuds,'
Where never a sight could fright or power bend her,
a second " could " has dropped out.
The point is important, for it raises the
question, on which poets have differed,
whether " power " ought to be treated as
one syllable or two.
Almond of Loretto. By R. J. Mackenzie.
(Constable & Co.)
If any one of middle age or younger will
reflect on the different appearance which
the streets even of London present on a
hot day in the summer, as compared with
that afforded fifteen or twenty years back
he will have some notion of the work of
the late Head Master of Loretto. Nowa-
days straw hats and flannels will be visible
everywhere ; the stove-pipe hat and the
frock coat, though not absent, will
clearly be no longer the normal dress of
the Londoner in sweltering weather. A
few years ago it was hardly possible for a
man to walk the streets of an English
provincial town in knickerbockers without
the risk of sneers. At this moment such
freedom of dress awakens no remark. That
the change is due entirely to Almond
is of course an exaggeration. The general
wave of athleticism has much to do with
it, as has, perhaps, the fact that there is
a game, which was once chiefly Scottish,
but now appeals to hundreds through-
out Great Britain for whom football is
only a memory and even cricket either a
regret or an indiscretion. Colonial views
of dress have also become of importance
since the Boer war. Yet we think that
the greater part of this movement to
rational freedom is due to the dialectic of
Almond, to his energy and faith. To be
accurate, it is to the public-school system,
as refined and modified by a great person-
ality and a real educator, that the change
is due. Even recently we have heard of
a very important English head master
who regarded socks instead of stockings
as indecent (" save the mark ! ") for beys
running in a paper chase.
But whatever be the case in England,
there is no more doubt of the magnitude
of Almond's work in Scotland than there
is of its difficulty. There, as Mr. Mackenzie
tells us, the idiotic ideals of the Mid-
Victorian parent were paramount. Man
was essentially a trousered animal, who
required to be taught to use his brains,
and turned into either a thinking or a
money-making instrument. The path of
the historian of education is strewn with
the wrecks of human cruelty and stupidity.
Yet no wreck is more disastrous than that
produced by the formula of our grand-
fathers, " Take care of the mind, and the
limbs will take care of themselves."
Whatever be the faults of athleticism
pushed to extremes, the present ideals of
schoolmasters are rationality itself com-
pared with those encountered by Almond
— ideals to which the German professor is
the perfect embodiment of humanity,
and Walter Scott a " wastrel."
We cannot go at length into the story
told by Mr. Mackenzie of Almond's
struggle for freedom in dress and ration-
ality in regard to food, sleep, exercise,
and also punishment. His success could
not have been achieved except through
his abounding vitality, his imperturbable
good humour, and his extraordinary faith
in his own ideas. Like most enthusiasts,
he exaggerated ; like most iconoclasts, he
had to make conventions in spite of him-
self ; like most prophets, he failed some-
times to see the other side. We may
briefly indicate the limitations of Almond's
views, after having stated their general
soundness.
He was, in our opinion, absolutely right
in commanding exercise in flannels daily, in
his Spartan regulations, in his provision of
plentiful food coupled with the punishment
of " grubbing," and in his development
and reliance upon the monitorial system ;
and also in his habit of treating his boys
as friends. His substitution of the cane
for all other forms of punishment is (pace
modern humanitarians) a proof of the
wholesomeness of his system ; and his
belief in it not merely as a means, but also
as an end, in order to teach boys to bear
pain, is founded on truth. It was Menan-
der, we think, who said that no man was
educated who had not been flogged ; and
there is much truth in this statement.
The effect of impositions and detention is,
we believe, wholly bad ; they have every
defect which punishments ought not to-
have. They are not sharp at the moment,
they mainly involve inconvenience, en-
danger health, and make the literary
side of work seem duller than ever.
Perhaps " repetition " is not so bad as
a punishment. But on the whole, in
these soft days, no better penalty can b,e
employed than the ancient one which,
seems founded on the laws of human
nature, and is at once brief, painful, and
elastic.
On the other hand, we think Almond
overreached himself in regard to conven-
tions. It is true that the particular con-
ventions of his day needed destroying ;
it is a very good thing to teach hoys, the
most conservative of beings, that custom
is only custom, and must be considered
in the light of reason. But convent .ion
is needful alike in society and education.
It saves trouble. We do not want to
have to think how many buttons we need
with every coat we have made. More-
258
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4088, March 3, 1906
over, tlie mass of men, wherever they are,
will always he governed by convention ;
■and the reformer can never do more than
substitute a good convention for a bad,
which is just what Almond did. He
admits that he ordered his prefects to cane
all boys who wore coats when cycling in
hot weather. The present reviewer thinks
that he was right ; but it is absurd to sup-
pose that, after two generations of such a
system, the average boy would regard the
prohibition in any other light than that
of a good custom. Neither schools nor
States can exist without method ; and
to be without conventions is to be without
method — in fact, is nothing more nor
less than anarchy. Conventionalism, we
admit, is bad ; but there is also a cant
of unconventionality, which is worse,
because it is unreal.
In regard to the intellectual side,
Almond again was partly right, but not
wholly. In his detestation of the effects
of the modern system of cramming
small boys for open scholarships, every
real believer in education will share. In
his denial of the all-importance of intellect
we can most of us follow him : mere
intelligence produces a " Martian," a
decadent, or a pedant. Almond's attempt
to make all studies interesting was also
on right lines. We believe that work
would improve in most schools if hours
were shorter, and the lesson made more
living. But beyond that we think Almond
was wrong. Drudgery must be endured
in the intellectual no less than the physical
life. Boys ought to be taught that it is
cowardice to " funk " a difficulty in
Euclid (we believe there is a new name
now) no less than in football. The most
erroneous of heresies are those which
inspire the average Englishman : that
ideas do not make any difference, and that
we are to take trouble with every part of
our life except our thoughts. This notion
is a great hindrance to our trade, it para-
lyzes our politics, and is at the bottom of
very much of the canker of snobbery.
Now though Almond did not hold it
totidem verbis, and was himself a fine
example of intellectual versatility, there
are many phrases and passages in Mr.
Mackenzie's book which, if logically
carried out, would lead to similar results.
These, however, are but spots on the
sun. The work of Almond, taken as a
whole, was as great as his ideals were
noble, and his personality engaging.
Mr. Mackenzie is thoroughly justified in
placing him along with Thring and
Arnold ; and he has given his readers a
biography which really brings them face
to face with its subject.
India and the Apostle Thomas : an Inquiry.
With a Critical Analysis of the ' Acta
i Thomae.' By A. E. Medlycott, Bishop
of Tricomia. (Nutt.)
Bishop Medlycott has arrived at a firm
conviction that the Apostle Thomas
preached the Gospel in India, that he
suffered martyrdom in that part of the
world, and that his tomb is now to be
found in Mylapore. This book is written
to prove that his conviction is right. He
proceeds, therefore, not as an inquirer,
but as an advocate. He pushes aside all
doubts as groundless, and he adduces
historical witnesses to show that his con-
clusions are certain. He has rather a
hard task, but he does not waver. He
pursues his studies in the true spirit
of hero-worship, and he deserves credit
for the perseverance with which he has
gathered his materials from every kind of
source.
The first point which the Bishop en-
deavours to prove is that St. Thomas was
the Apostle of India and preached to the
inhabitants of the south of that country.
He begins with the testimony of St.
Ephraem, " who was a native of the city
of Nisibis, and had lived there up to
a.d. 363." He then adduces a long series
of writers or documents belonging to the
fourth and subsequent centuries, ending
with Bede (d. 735). All these make it
certain that in these centuries it was
generally believed that St. Thomas went
to India and preached the Gospel there.
This appears sufficient to the Bishop to
establish the fact that St. Thomas really
went to India in the first century.
The Bishop then sets about proving
that St. Thomas was buried in India, and
that his tomb still exists at Mylapore.
He himself sums up his argument thus : —
" In fact, a long chain of witnesses will
be produced, extending from the sixth
century to the landing of the Portuguese on
the shores of India, attesting that the tomb
was really in Mylapore."
The author deems it of importance to
show not merely that St. Thomas went to
India, but also that no other Christian
visited India in early times. Accordingly
he describes St. Pantsenus, St. Frumentius,
and Theophilus the Indian as the " Alleged
Apostles of India," and explains away
any statement in early Christian writers
to the effect that these men travelled to
India by asserting that the India of the
statement is not the India of the present
day.
The Bishop then discusses the ' Acts of
Thomas.' He allows that they are apocry-
phal and contain much fictitious matter,
but he thinks that valuable grains of truth
are to be found in them. These Acts
mention a King Gondophares who un-
questionably was a real king, and lived
probably in the first century ; but the
Bishop has to face the difficulty that this
king reigned in the north of India, and
not in the south, where he places the
Apostle's activity. Various customs are
mentioned in the Acts which are held
to prove that the writer was in the
south of India, and therefore that St.
Thomas was also there. But the Bishop
is somewhat rash in asserting that these
customs prevailed only in the south. Thus
the Acts mention that Karish bathed
before dinner, and the Bishop remarks on
this : —
" We would ask the reader if he knows of
any country, outside of India, where it is
the custom to bathe before partaking of the
evening meal, or of any principal meal."
If the Bishop could have recalled his know-
ledge of the classics, he would have modi-
fied his statement. In one of the most
popular books on Roman antiquities he
might have discovered this sentence : —
" Towards the close of the republic, how-
ever, and under the empire, the daily bath
became a necessary of life and an indispens-
able preliminary to the evening meal."
In connexion with these customs he has
failed to take notice of a most important
discussion in regard to Indian traces in
the Acts, which appeared in an article by
Alfred von Gutschmid in the Rheinisches
Museum, afterwards republished in the
collection of his ' Kleine Schriften.' There
Gutschmid propounds the theory that the
original basis of the Acts was a Buddhist
conversion-narrative.
From the outline of the book which we
have sketched it may be inferred that its
principles of historical evidence are lax.
There is no attempt to show that the testi-
mony which is adduced can be traced back
to trustworthy contemporary witnesses.
The Bishop knows that writers as well
acquainted with India as himself have
denied the Indian apostolate of St. Thomas.
He refers to the adverse opinions of Bas-
nage, La Croze, and Tillemont, and then
adds : —
" The Rev. J. Hough (' History of Chris-
tianity in India ' ) denies that any Apostle
was ever in India. Sir John Kaye (' Chris-
tianity in India') considers it a worthless
legend. The Rev. G. Milne-Rae ('The
Syrian Church in India') rejects the tradi-
tion ; while Dr. George Smith (' The Con-
version of India') ignores the subject
altogether, dating the first conversion of
India from a.d. 193."
But the Bishop does not trouble himself
about these verdicts. He is sure that
St. Thomas was in India, and that his
tomb is still there. He sees in doubts
about this matter
" a just retribution of Providence. The
Apostle who had stood in the full light of
the public life and miracles of our Lord was
nevertheless capable of doubt when His
resurrection was announced ; so also the
field of the same Apostle's labours has been
shrouded with unnecessary doubt. It will
be an ample satisfaction if we can remove
all reasonable doubt as to the main facts."
We cannot say that he seems likely to
be successful in his effort. He has written
a big book — probably the biggest book
that ever will be written on the subject ;
but his arguments are not weighty, and
will hardly reduce to silence most of those
who have come to an opposite conclusion.
The author fills his book with endless
digressions, which have no connexion with
his argument, and only a slight connexion
with his subject. Whenever he has to quote
a writer, he inquires into his history and
records the results of this labour. He does
not always consult the best authorities,
and accordingly many of his statements
are open to question. Further, the reader
cannot be sure whether he has consulted
them at first hand. He often makes quo-
tations from Latin translations when the
books are Greek. He seldom quotes Greek
words, and very frequently they are
incorrectly printed, accents and breath-
N°4088, March 3, 1906
THE ATHENMM
259
ings being placed in positions which are
contrary to all rules. He also refers to
the works of German scholars, but he
evidently prefers a French translation of
them to the original. Thus he mentions
the German titles of the works of Barden-
hewer, with dates, though he does not
seem to know that his last work has
reached the second volume ; but he always
cites the French translation of the earliest.
He spells some names in a peculiar way,
as " Beryennios " for Bryennios, and
" Maruchi " for Marucchi ; but these
slight flaws are of little consequence. The
Bishop has taken enormous pains with
his book, and we hope that he will long
retain the feeling that he has done his best
to stop the retributive hand of Providence
and to rescue the doubted St. Thomas
of India from all historical dubiety.
NEW NOVELS.
devotion to her gay and giddy sire, which
makes her walk untarnished in conven-
tionally devious paths. Her love affairs
with the solicitor, the artist, and the
highly respectable young man of buckram
who lives in the Albany are most cheerful
reading, and one has not the heart to
blame her for her maddening tenderness
to all. The father is equally well drawn,
but plays a minor part in the story, nor
does he quite return his daughter's
passionate love. Mr. Stacpoole is good
at interiors. The Bloomsbury domicile
and the careless -ordered garden and old
house at Highgate harmonize admirably
with their inmates. Minor types are
numerous and pleasing.
Yet even to these unpromising materials
a certain charm is imparted by the author's
gift as a raconteur, and the story moves
with ease and freedom.
The Gambler. By Katherine Cecil Thur-
ston. (Hutchinson & Co.)
' The Gambler ' is a story worth reading,
but not in any way a great novel ; it does
not equal in ingenuity of plot or scenes of
quick excitement ' The Circle ' and ' John
Chilcote, M.P.' An Irishman who gambled
hard had a beautiful daughter who hated
his vice, but in time developed similar
tendencies. When her father died, and
left her and her sister in debt, she married
in a hurry his college friend, a dull archaeo-
logist. When he, too, died, she was free
to please herself, and had 2,000Z. a year.
How she got into difficulties and nearly
wrecked her fife is the theme of the story.
It interests us as showing, we fancy, a zeal
for the portrayal of character which the
writer's last success did not display. Mrs.
Thurston is on the right path for one who
takes the novelist's art seriously. But
here she has overdone her descriptions of
states of mind and her details of scenery,
which are otherwise pleasing. We think
her best characters are two minor ones ;
the people of the smart set introduced
lack vitality, and the wicked old lord who
lays elaborate siege to the heroine seems
to have strayed out of some favourite
reading of our uncritical days. We notice
a tendency to separate the Celtic mind
from others which occasionally reaches
absurdity. We read, for instance, of " the
instinctive clinging to familiar things that
forms so integral a part of the Celtic
nature." This is one of the commonest
tendencies of the genus Homo in every
race and country that we ever heard of.
Mrs. Thurston has natural fluency in
writing, but might pay more attention to
style, now that she has secured a hold on
the public.
Fanny Lambert. By Henry De Vere
Stacpoole. (Fisher Unwin.)
We have not lately met a more amusing
story than ' Fanny Lambert.' It is hard
to say whether the Irish heroine or her
yet more Irish father arrides one more ;
but they are a charming pair. Fanny has
the strong antiseptic quality of a true
The Drakestone. By Oliver Onions. (Hurst
& Blackett.)
Many readers on opening this book will
feel a measure of disappointment, which
is in itself a tribute to the author of ' The
Odd-Job Man.' Instead of modern Lon-
don life, with its complexities, we have
here the simple conditions of a Yorkshire
community early in last century. The
feud between Drake and Yewdale forms
the subject of the story, and a boulder,
too huge to root from the moorland, is
the Drakestone. One John Drake tells
the tale, beginning with his boyish ex-
periences. There are difficulties insepar-
able from this mode of narration set in a
bygone time, and these have hardly been
conquered. There is too little of personal
impression — and atmosphere and space
are lacking. We never feel that we are
really in the heart of Yorkshire, but
rather that the author is trying hard to
place us there. The conversations in
dialect are too long ; and the divaga-
tions of an eccentric astronomer carry no
conviction. We find ourselves reflecting
that no lad could possibly remember and
report such wild wanderings, verbatim,
page after page, and this may be possibly
one reason for their lack of force. Not-
withstanding all this, there is much sound
work in the novel ; quaint local customs
are conscientiously reproduced, and the
characters, with the exception of a rather
shadowy heroine, are living beings.
The Ambush of Young Days. By Rosa-
mond Langbridge. (Duckworth & Co.)
This is a very Irish story. Emphasis,
they say, is where Celticism comes out
in English speech. Here is much emphasis,
but so sustained as to become monotonous.
From the earlier chapters, descriptive of
much sordid life in a lodging-house, and
of the incidental " ambush " of a common
sort which embitters the youth of Myrtle
Hanrahan, to the later, which set forth
the true love which condones the stain,
we find an almost painful manipulation of
language to enforce the obvious. Yet
there are good touches.
The Scholar's Daughter. By Beatrice
Harraden. (Methuen & Co.)
Compared with ' Ships that pass in the
Night,' and even with one or two of the
succeeding novels, this story is a grievous
disappointment. Miss Harraden's strength
lies in such unconventional and slightly
morbid characters as Bernardine and the
Disagreeable Man ; and in condescending
to the bright girl-heroine and manly young
hero of machine-made fiction she merely
courts failure. The people in the book
are all well-worn and more or less dis-
credited types. The two professors and
their secretaries, though learned and un-
practical to the verge of low comedv,
strike us as singularly unlike the real
thing. The distinguished actress is also
unconvincing, and the plot of which she
is the centre is neither fresh nor probable.
In Silence. By Mrs. Fred Reynolds.
(Hurst & Blackett.)
Psyche, the beautiful heroine of this tale,
is a deaf mute. This fact gives the book
an element of distinction, or, at least, of
strangeness. Apart from that, it is
written with considerable ability of an
unobtrusive sort, and with much tender-
ness. One feels that Mrs. Reynolds has
made a real study of a deaf mute's cha-
racter, and that she has handled the
subject here with loving care. The story
traces its charming heroine's life from her
sprite-like childhood among the heather
of a mountain farmhouse to her mature
triumph as the founder and guiding spirit
of an institution for the training of children
afflicted as she has been. Her youthful
relations with the opposite sex are managed
with great deftness ; and the picture of
her development from the child who is
unconscious of the existence of sound or
language, to the accomplished woman
who has learnt all that " lip-reading "
has to teach the deaf and dumb, is an
interesting and skilful piece of work.
Mark Maturin, Parson. By F. Cowley
Whitehouse. (Ward, Lock & Co.)
If this be a first attempt, the general
knowledge of London on its seamy side
may be admitted as a considerable asset
in the author's equipment. But he may
be advised not to write another book
entirely in the fatiguing dialect of the
streets. Even conscientious pains cannot
render the harsh diphthongs which con-
stitute the differentia of that delectable
tongue, and to most readers the conven-
tional Cockney of print is only irritating.
But the adventures of Joe Blencowe, the
cabman, his " scrapping " and sporting
proclivities, his good nature, and his
whole-hearted respect and affection for
the manly parson who saved him from
hooliganism, are pleasant reading for
those who can forget the jargon. Inci-
dentally there is a good outline sketch of
Archbishop Temple, a " boss parson "
who much impresses Joe.
260
Til E A 'I'll KWl.r M
N 1088, Mum h :;. 1906
/. (frauds Bourgeois, l'-\ Abel Hermant.
(I';n is, Lemei i
t1'iii: iiiu \ < >l ii 1 1 1< of M. U<i iii.uil contain-
some «>f his \<-i\ best work, worthy to be
ml by the ride <>f ' Le Soeptre,1 but is
marred, 1 1 u « • much <»f the writing »>f this
considerable author, by defects. We ha\ e
already said thai Ins play of last autumn,
* La Belle Madame Heber,' was one of the
most powerful pieces <>f character-drawing
and of style thai modern France has pro-
duced, but that, nevertheless, it failed.
So with the volume now before us. The
sketches of well-known people — slightly
altered, as Disraeli used to alter the
heroes of his political novels, but cruelly
true in many details — are as great in
characterization and in style as anything
of the kind in literature, but the repe-
tition of catch phrases irritates the reader
in the same way as the intelligent spec-
tator is vexed by similar vulgarities in
theatrical farce. One explanation of these
weaknesses is that M. Hermant writes
largely for La Vie Parisienne, in which
fragments of the present volume have
appeared, and such treatment is fatal to
the construction of a great novel.
The book is full of aphorisms, and of
other passages worth notice. One which
we venture to translate tells us that,
" given a certain elevation of ideas, con-
tradictory opinions become identic." The
reader will at once think of certain dis-
tinguished statesmen, and of equally dis-
tinguished ecclesiastics and their opponents.
Another passage describes " the magnifi-
cent stoicism of the great born-bourgeois
who sign documents and set their drawers
in order at the instant of death to save
survivors unimportant difficulties or the
trouble of a little hunt among theft1 things."
We like the description of that one of " the
Two Frances " to which the author him-
self belongs, at its banquets : " Devouring
with the appetite of the heroes of Homer,
while they exchange insults in almost the
Homeric style."
At p. 49 the curious will find a descrip-
tion of the great Paris house belonging to
a widowed personage of the story who,
like the occupant of this " palace," was
once a painter ; earning her livelihood by
her brush. 158, Boulevard Haussmann,
is thus put upon the stage, as was Lans-
downe House by Disraeli. But M. Her-
mant can reply to criticism, as could the
English author, that there are points in
the character of the personage who is
made to live in the palace which do not
exist in the original. Other great people
in the financial world of Paris are described
in the same way.
CLASSICAL BOOKS.
Tibulli Carolina. Edited by J. P. Post-
gate. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.)— This
text of Tibullus, edited by Prof. Postgate,
has been added to the new scries of Oxford
texts. It is a finished and tasteful edition
of the poems of a " most finished and tasteful
writer," and on the whole the text makes it
as easy as, in the circumstances, it can
possibly be for us to appreciate the limpid
flow and simple mes-nu'e ,,| the unluippy
lover of Delis and Nemesis. In ' Selectu
1 1 . .in Tibullus' (1903) the editor told us all
that \wis worth knowing about the oha-
i.e ter and authority of the sources of Tibul-
lus's text, and the Latin preface to the
present edition virtually repeats in brief
what has already been said. The four chief
authorities are the Amhrosianus, VatieaniiH,
Quelferbytanus, sod Ouiaaianue. Hut there
is a marked difference between the two texts.
In the ' Selections ' Prof. Postgate " pre-
i' rred an uncertain conjecture to a certain
corruption, because thero is no mischief so
easy to effect or so difficult to repair as to
vitiate the feeling for language and sense
in the young." In the Oxford text before
us, however, one has only to take a few
random instances to appreciate the fact that
Prof. Postgate is very conservative. The
many conjectures made by himself, and
recorded in his papers in The Journal of
Philology and The Classical Review, are here
bidden to stand aside for the readings
common to the Ambrosianus and Vaticanus.
For example, in I. vii. 4 the editor personally
supports cum or quern, and gives cum in his
' Selections ' : here we have the MSS. quern.
lb. 53, we here have tibi dem, as in A, V,
and the conjecture Geni : tibi, given in the
' Selections,' is abandoned. This conserva-
tism is altogether praiseworthy, and prompts
us to quote Prof. Postgate's explanation of
his attitude : —
" De caelo descendisse jam illucl uolgo videtur :
stuiidum codicibus. adiciunt prudentiores motio *i
Itonix et in re incerta. ego aero, qui haud paullo
audacior sum, ttiam peammu inquam et uel in re
maniftxta. itaque necorruptissimis quideni uersibus,
modo Latins scripti uiderentur, cruces adfixi nee
ueram illas saepe uitiorum sedem prodituras nee
numero ruali magnitudinem aequaturas. quid enim
legentium attinebat una opera oeulos laedere, intel-
lectum non iuvare ? "
It need hardly be said that in orthography
we have in this text all the accuracy that
is attainable. The Cambridge scholar makes
a very welcome addition to the series of
Oxford texts.
The Captivi of Plautus. Edited by Rev.
J. Henson. (Blackie & Son.) — We do not
suppose that the swing of the pendulum in
classical education towards plain texts for
beginners will interfere with the output of
annotated editions for moderately advanced
students. It is for such readers that Mr.
Henson intends this edition of the ' Captivi.'
We are firm believers in the efficacy of anno-
tation on the scale here adopted — " brevity
of expression with sufficiency in the explana-
tion." The editor claims that he has given
few translations, and these " as literal as
possible," as he finds that a boy presented
with an idiomatic translation brings a parrot-
like recollection of it into form, without
having troubled to inquire for himself how
it was obtained. This, we take it, is true
of beginners, but should not hold for the
kind of student the editor has chiefly in
mind : moreover, he does not carry out his
purpose, as in several instances the transla-
tions are anything but literal : e.g., ne
frustra sis, " make no mistake about it."
The text is mainly that of the Teubner
edition, but Prof. Lindsay's labours are not
neglected. We are glad to see that a
sound orthography has been adopted. The
usual matters are dealt with in the introduc-
tion, which is brief and to the point, metre
being the subject most fully treated. The
notes are judicious, but brevity sometimes
does not end in clearness : e.g. (p. 87), " The
Velabruni was a street in Rome lying between
the forum boarium and the Tunc us virus."
This is a case of ignotum per njnotius. The
fact is, as several allusions to Roman topo-
graphy have to be explained, that a map of
Republican Rome wii* want' <\. end aught
well have taken th<- place of one or two of the
illustrations. <m the whole, thi . of
the ' Captivi ' is s useful addition to Messrs.
Blackie s illustrated Latin
we can confidently recommend for 11] |
forms in public schools.
Our best thanks are du-- to Prof. Philli-
mpre Car so Indea Verborum Prop* rtinnua
(Oxford, Clarendon Press). It will I* of
cereal value to critics in investigating the
Latin of Proper tins, and i- admiral.:
plete, prepositions like a and pro b»
included. Such laborious work as this is
generally done by a German, and the Pro-
fessor has taken Friedlander's indexes to
Juvenal and Martial as his model. We have
heard more than once that publishers are
against issuing classical index* - in spite
of their permanent value, and we are
grateful to the Oxford Press for giving us an
instance to the contrary.
For some time students of Petronius have
had no English text or edition to use. Now,
about the same time, two translations have
appeared with notes. Petronii Lena Tri-
malchionis, edited with critical and explana-
tory notes, and translated into English prose,
by W. D. Lowe (Cambridge, Deighton &
Bell ; London, Hell & Sons), is the more
elaborate. Mr. Lowe, a Cambridge scholar,
now at Durham Universit;. us the
Latin on one page and the English render-
ing on the other, with notes below each
which show abundant care and research
into the best authorities. His Introduction
is, we think, far too brief ; we expect a dis-
cussion in some detail of the difficulties
which the authorship and date of the book
present. Nothing is said here of the source
of the events preceding the dinner-party, or,
indeed, of the MSS. at all. If Mr. Lowe
had doubled the size of the Introduction,
his edition would be fairly complete on
every side. As it Is, the notes are meri-
torious for the reasons we have stated, and
for various modern touches which enliven
them. Here and there Mr. Lowe might
have added to his references with advantage.
For the ' Cordax ' he might have cited
Athena?us, who also provides a better refer-
ence for " Chian Life " than that given
from Thucydides. On " Cerdo " Juv. iv. 153
andviii. 182 should certainly have been men-
tioned. Conington's note on the former
passage in Prof. Mayor's 'Juvenal' is
specially to the point, and perhaps he was
thinking of Petronius, who is, however,
not referred to. It would be quite in
accordance with the blundering of Tri-
malchio to make Hob and Dick into a god.
It might have been noted further that
Augustine and Arnobius thought it worth
while to protest against such gods and
names as these. The translation is, wo
are glad to find, not tied down by pedantic
literalness, and should give ordinary readers
an excellent idea of the freedom and natural-
ness of Petronius. The indexes are another
good feature.
The Walter Scott Company have started
a series of " Two Readings Classics," of
which Petronius : Cena Trimakhionis, trans-
lated and edited by Michael .1. Ryan, is the
tirst. The publishers are to be congratulated
on issuing an out-of-the-way classic at a very
moderate price. Mr. Ryan disclaims origin-
ality, but he has made excellent use of the
learned labours of others, and his Introduc-
tion, of some thirty pages, forms a good
summary of the subject. The notes are
brief and sensible, and there is a list of
' Variant Readings.' The printing is rather
careless, and a good proof-reader would have
N°4088, March 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
261
removed some lapses in spelling. Mr. Ryan
misses out some words in his rendering, e.g.
" libentissime," p. 2, which is not of much
importance, perhaps ; but " stupentibus,"
p. 12, is surely an essential touch. He also
omits, without attempt at paraphrase, offen-
sive passages. He allows, too, words like
41 lanista " and " dispensator " to figure in
his English text. His style is occasionally
awkward, but he has a quaintness which
is not unpleasing, and a vivacity which is
-eminently suitable. Here is a short passage
from chap. 45 : —
"'For goodness' sake,' cried Eohioh, a rag-
dealer, ' try and talk sense. It 's this way or
that way, as the farmer said when he lost his
spotted pig ; what doesn 't happen to - day '11
happen to-morrow. By Hercules ! you couldn't
•ask for a finer country than ours, if we had men in
it ; we 're in difficulties at present, but there are
others as badly off. We mustn't be squeamish ;
no matter from what part of the world we look at
the sky, it 's always the same distance away : if
you were anywhere else, you'd say that pigs
trotted about here cooked and all.' "
Translations into Greek Verse and Prose'
toy R. D. Archer-Hind (Cambridge, University
Press), hardly need recommendation in the
world of scholarship. Mr. Archer-Hind was
«, Porson Prize winner in earlier days, and
was joint editor of the last issue of ' Sabrinae
•Corolla.' That admirable collection offers
•comparatively few examples of Greek elegiacs,
which are not so popular an exercise as
Creek iambics. In both metres Mr. Archer-
Hind excels, but his pre-eminence in elegiacs,
is, we think, beyond dispute. No one
would, after reading this book, attempt to
oetter the translations' it contains of the
verse of Shelley and Mr. Swinburne, the
prose of William Morris, and other pieces of
inspired English. These renderings are not
•elaborate mosaic, like some very clever work
•of present-day scholars, but so simple and
graceful that they seem for the most part
•obvious, abounding though they do in feats
of scholarship. The author combines the
■easy flow of earlier composers with a strict
attention to form and idiom which they did
not attempt.
As a tutor he has provided many " fair
■copies " for his pupils at Trinity, but he
presents us here with new versions which
" have not even seen the dim light of a
lecture-room." ' The Garden of Proserpine,'
with which the volume opens, flowers so natu-
rally in its Greek form beside the English
that it may now be called twice classic.
The eighteen renderings of Heine will
astonish the many; who have thought him,
with good reason, untranslatable. In' the
style of Greek chorus and the Doric of Theo-
critus Mr. Archer-Hind is equally effective.
The Greek prose pieces are skilfully
■chosen to exhibit the author's powers as a
follower of Plato, but he is equal also to
other themes : witness the commercial
piece which begins, " Lord Rothschild had
a comparatively easy task to perform at
the meeting of Argentine bondholders on
Monday." If we once began to quote, we
should not know where to stop ; so we will
simply say that this book is unequalled in
its way by the work of any living scholar
we know. A syndicate might compete with
Mr. Archer-Hind, but no single man.
The JEncid of Virgil, with a Translation
by Charles J. Billson, 2 vols. (Arnold), is an
elaborate and beautifully printed book, the
Latin being opposite the English throughout.
Mr. Billson is styled of Corpus College,
Oxford, on the title-page, but he gives no
introduction concerning his work, its form
or omissions. His metre is blank verse,
and though he achieves some pleasing
brevity (which is, we believe, a common
result of classical training) and is never
feeble, he is seldom inspired. If Virgil is to
be put in blank verse, it must be the blank
verse of Milton, as has been pointed out
more than once. The metrical changes
and beauties of that master are lost on Mr.
Billson, who produces line after line without
variety. One would not imagine from his
rendering that one passage in the original
was more dactylic than another, and this,
apart from monotony, reduces the merit of
any version very seriously. The author
omits some adjectives which are not, perhaps,
of much moment, but we may fairly expect
to find in the English representatives of
such words as those which we italicize : —
ubi flavo
Argentum Pariusve lapis chcumdatur auro. — I. 592.
inseia Dido
Insidat quantus miserce deus. I. 7-20.
Non me tua fervida terrent,
Dicta, fetox. XII. 895.
Should we not be told that Iopas wore his
hair long, like many later bards, and had
not a teacher with a mere name, but a
teacher who was " maximus " ? Further,
we do not find in the passages we have con-
sulted any attempt to imitate obvious
alliterations.
C. Suetoni Tranquilli de Vita Cccsarum
Libri VIII. (Groningen, J. B. Wolters.) —
This volume is a specimen of the " Biblio-
theca Batava " of Greek and Latin writers.
M. Leo Preud'homme, the editor, has taken
great pains with the text, variants of which
are printed at the bottom of each page. The
type is excellent, and most pleasant to read,
and we find paper covers and an ' Index
Nominum ' at the end, as in the " Teubner "
series. It cannot, however, compare in
cheapness with that well-known issue of
classical books, though it will be attractive
to advanced scholars on account of its
textual details.
FRENCH HISTORY.
Select Documents of the French Revolution :
The Constituent Assembly. Edited by L. G.
Wickham Legg. 2 vols. (Oxford, Claren-
don Press.) — We heartily congratulate Mr.
Legg on the admirable manner in which he
is executing a task we have long wished to
see attempted. His work, full of interest
and research, must rank among standard
books of reference. The arrangement of
material, the index, and the notes are all
that can be desired.
The quivering excitement and unrest of
the Revolutionary period find then* truest
and most natural exposition in the blatant
heroics, blasphemous vulgarities, passionate
eloquence, and epigrammatic terseness cha-
racterizing its journalism. Hence we almost
regret that Mr. Legg should have quoted so
largely from the Mercure de France, for the
scrupulous honour and sanity of that organ
— also the fact that its editor, Mallet du
Pan, was a Geneveso and a Calvinist —
exclude it from the ranks of the represen-
tative press. Notwithstanding the persecu-
tion to which he was subject, Mallet retained
his attitude of strict impartiality. In his
'Memoirs ' he strongly deprecated the
royalist emigration, yet in his newspaper
he as vehemently denounced the laws
against the absentees, asking
" si la sooiebe qui ne privienl ni be punit l<v crime
pint, sans one tyrannic eemblable i oelle de Neron
Fermant lee portea de Rome avant de 1'inoendier,
oondamner au supplioe de I'habiter oeiuc dent elle
n<; pent garant ir la vie trois jours (!<• suite. ? "
To the primary cause of the aristocrat ic
exodus. t\w, fall of the Bastille, Mr. Legg
has devoted perhaps too much of his
space, but very valuable are the details he
supplies of the gradual and mischievous
encroachment of the legislative on the
executive power. We have the popular signs
of this jealousy from the King's visit to the
Hotel de Ville in July, 1789, when, according
to the Proces verbal des fileeteurs, Bailly,
Mayor of Paris, addressed his sovereign
" sans flechir le genou," down to September,
1791, when, says the Mercure de France,
" pour la premiere fois depuis la fondation
de la monarchic, le Roi de France jurait
debout fidelite a ses sujets assis." Mean-
while, in his collisions with the Assembly,
whether on matters touching his own pre-
rogative or the constitution of the clergy,
Louis, though crying he would ne'er consent,
consented.
Was the English Parliament or the Con-
gress of the United States the better model ?
The extremists preferred the latter as less
open to bribery. Those ministers of the
Crown whom Mallet describes as " touiours
peints comme des ennemis du corps legis-
latif " had already been excluded from
the Assembly when the law was added
forbidding deputies to become ministers.
These decrees, fatal to the executive, were
defended by Brissot's Le Patriote Francais ;
referring to the venal state of our House of
Commons under Walpole and North, it
argued that if ministers were allowed " la
voix consultative " in the Assembly, " la
corruption elle-meme sera mise a l'encan ;
on cherchera le deshonneur de se vendre."
In May, 1790, the right of making peace
and war was transferred to the nation, for,
said Les Revolutions de Paris, " il faut
tou jours supposer, pour faire vine consti-
tution libre, que l'interet du prince est
oppose a celui du peuple ; s'il etait le meme,
il n'y avait point de tyrans, il ne faudrait
point de constitution." By the end of 1790
La Feuille du Jour paints " un roi sans
couronne .... des troupes sans obeissance,
des finances sans credit, un culte sans
religion." " L' insurrection est le plus saint
des devoirs " was the order of the day when
in April, 1791, the King made the Revolu-
tion the subject of his panegyrics in that
circular which he dispatched through Comte
de Montmorin to the foreign Courts, and in
which he complacently posed as " the first
public functionary of the sovereign nation."
To this confession of faith Louis gave the
lie by his manifesto of June 20th, a docu-
ment defending that flight to Varennes
which, as it failed, proved the greatest of
his follies, and which, had it succeeded,
would have constituted the greatest of his
treasons. June 25th saw his return to Paris :
" Ce n'etait point une marche triomphale !
c'etait le convoi de la monarchie ! " observed
the Orateur du Peuple.
Now M. Aulard regards this manifesto
of June not only as " une critique de la
Constitution de 1791 beaucoup plus fine quo
celle quo de nos jours Taine en a tracee, '
but also as " bien l'eeuvre personnelle [du
Roi]" ('Hist, Pol.,' p. 115). However, we
know that the document was well advanced
on February 3rd (' Lettres de Marie Antoin-
ette,' ed. Rocheterie, vol. ii. p. 218); we
also know that amongst the Kind's advisers
Mallet du Pan was often to be found ; henee
we consider as more than a coincidence
the striking similarities between the denun-
ciations of the committees and olubs in
the Mrrcure de France (January 29th and
March 5th, 1791), and the protest against
flie same tyranny to be found in the royal
manifesto. The Mi retire describes the
Comite des Reeherohes as "exercanl mhw
decreta les fonctions les plus redoutables
que la tyrannic ait jamais oonfiees h ses
agents; (il) etend son autorite' dans tout
2«-3
THE ATI! KN'AIUM
N lOft.s, Mai:, h .'{, 1906
1'empire." Look declare! that the mom
oommittee, "earn j stre eutoriae' at ■
mi mepriH de tons l»-s dtVri'ts. . . . uxeroe on
\iiitnl'l<- deapOtisiXM plus Imrlmre it plus
insupportable qu'aucun de ecus dont ITue-
toire mi jamais fail mention." The Mtromtt
observes, " I. 'opinion ■ detruit I'ancien
( lorn arnement. i "n t < mlrait -dii fonder la
nouveeu buz la tarreur ! " The Kins a b .
■ Deairies-voua que I'anarehie it despot-
buna dee oluba remplacaasent Le gouverne-
ment monarchique sous (equal la nation a
proapere pendant quatorze oenta ana !
The Mirciin proclaims, •■ Feire da Koi....
lo premier des fonctionnoires publics o'esi
raver la Monarchic de la Constitution " ;
whiUt Louis complains that " L'Assemblee
a mis le Koi tout-a-fait hors dc la Constitu-
tion." These are but a few among many
parallelpassages.
We have no space to follow Mr. Legg's
documentary illustrations of that despoiling
of the Church by which the Assembly claimed
to have " retabli la purete des premiers
sieeles Chretiens " ; nor those of that
populace " chez qui seul," said the Revolu-
tions de Paris, " on trouvera a recruter le
bataillon sacre des tyrannicides — les verit-
ables amis de la chose publique " ; nor
those depicting the bourgeois which the
same journal held to be " monarchiste par
instincte," and therefore to be placed " sur
l'echelle des etres entre l'homme et le mulct."
We can but express our grateful appreciation
for a collection full of varied interest.
France in the Nineteenth Century, 1830-
1890 (Hutchinson & Co.), is not badly put
together, but is full of small errors of fact
and date and irritating mistakes in names.
It is, we judge from the invariable use of
dollars for the equivalent of the moneys of
different countries, an American book ; and,
from its references to Queen Victoria as
reigning, and other passages, appears to
have been previously published in whole or
in part. We see less reason to differ from
the views of " Elizabeth W. Latimer " than
from those of many writers on what may be
called the Court side of modern history. In
the passages relating to the Mexican adven-
ture of the Second Empire we find, however,
hero-worship of Maximilian carried to the
point of representing him as a martyr, and
his execution as the butchery of a humane
prince, who had given no cause for what
occurred. It is, of course, a well-known
historical fact that it was the personal order
of Maximilian to shoot the Mexican generals
for doing their duty, and the carrying out of
that order in circumstances of exceptional
cruelty, which rendered it impossible for
Juarez and Diaz to spare his life when pressed
to do so by the Government of the United
States. That Maximilian was personally
" a good man " may no doubt be easily
admitted ; and his weakness and total un-
fitness for the task on which he entered, at
the bidding of his wife, are acknowledged by
the author.
Among the curious mistakes which rob
the volume of historical value, and which
extend to many of the best-known names,
are two strange errors in dates — remarkable,
as they are both inexplicable and also
extremely easy to correct. The visit of
Queen Victoria to Paris, for the first Inter-
nationa] Exhibition which Her Majesty
attended after that of 1851, is over and
over again referred to as having occurred
in 1857, and never dated in the right year,
1855. Yet the French generals who com-
manded the army on the day of the Queen's
passage through Paris to St. Cloud and at
the great review are described as having
just returned from the Crimea. The exist-
ence in Paris of a magnificent street which
bears the name of Hue du 4 Si pt<-ml>n-
ought to have indicated a -mniar confusion
with regard to the date of the revolution
whirii virtual] y aatabhahsd tin- Third Repub-
lic. Our author atataa that notb'pg waH
known of the mrrwidor of Sedan by the
public "until the evening o! Beptemoei i
....Tin- Legislative A embly held a mid-
night session ; but nothing was determined
on until the morning, when tin- Empire was
voted out, and a Republic voted in."
Several pagea further <>n are are correspond-
ingly informed that the Empress herself did
not become conscious of the loss of her
position until " the night of September 4."
Still later in the book an account is given of
tin- action of the mob "by one o'clock on
September 5." All these dates, of course,
are wrong, and are set late by twenty-four
hours. The Corps Legislatif, moreover, did
not vote out the Empire, nor was " a
Republic voted in." The Regency was put
an end to by a coup d'etat, without Parlia-
mentary sanction. Among the names which
are repeatedly misspelt are those of the
Due de Blacas and of General Cavaignac ;
but we do not propose here to give a list of
the numerous blunders, which as a rule run
through the volume and extend also to the
index. The usual misspelling of Galliffet is
venial by the side of many of the others.
Messrs. Putnam have published an
" authorized English version " of Louis XIV.
et La Grande Mademoiselle by Arvede
Barine, which we reviewed at length on
July 8th, 1905. It is a book of striking
interest, and the rendering is tolerably well
done, though it retains French idiom too
much, and gives us occasionally but jerky
English. The abundant illustrations add to
the value of the volume, and we are glad
to see an index of substantial length.
\
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Mb. Philip W. Sergeant has written an
entertaining account of Jerome Bonaparte
in The Burlesque Napoleon (Werner Laurie).
The narrative is well put together, and the
style is not without merit, though occasion-
ally it is disfigured by slipshod expressions.
Jerome's career was certainly not wanting
in variety. From his youth, when he
showed his dislike of discipline and restraint
by absenting himself without leave from his
ship in the West Indies, and contracted his
unfortunate alliance with Miss Patterson, to
the time when he squandered the meagre
resources of Westphalia and spoilt the first
great move of the Grand Army in Kussia in
1812, there occurred numerous episodes
which can scarcely fail to offer good reading.
Mr. Sergeant sets them forth well, and gar-
nishes his story with details respecting the
other figures that necessarily appear — Miss
Patterson ; Lucien Bonaparte ; the recog-
nized wife, Princess Catherine of Wurtem-
berg ; the personages of the Westphalian
Court, including that indispensable person,
Le Camus, whom the King created Count of
Fiirstenstein ; and the more important men,
Daru, Reinhard, Johann von Miiller, who
occasionally had to divert the King from his
pleasures to affairs of State. Mr. Sergeant
has entered into the chief details of the
hasty marriage at Baltimore ; and the
facts which he has gathered from various
sources respecting Elizabeth Patterson, as
well as the portrait of her here presented,
show her to have been a girl of charming
and vivacious appearance, and of decided
character. Napoleon's treatment of her was
probably no less injudicious than it was
brutal. It is fairly certain that the Patter-
rnarriagu mi^ht have been a utrong link
between the Bonaparte family and
American people; and their friendship
Support were worth more even then than.
that of the ruler of Wurtemt,
Mr. i all urine (p. 14*, note] to the
forced marriage of Jerome with the 1'rmeess
of Wurtemberg in term-, which imply that
that union was owing to the dc
Napoleon to have 1 Wurtembei
his beck and call. But the depend*
Wurtemberg on Prance «a« assured t.
before Au-terlitz, and was certainly clinched
by that great victory and by the tit!
King which Napoleon soon afterwards
accorded to its Elector. Further, we cannot
follow Mr. Sergeant in his criticism of
Napoleon's conduct towards Jerome, at
beginning of his reign in Westphalia, as
being open to the charge of " injustice, if
not of actual bad faith," in not allowing
him to touch the revenues of his kingdom
until the claims of the French army of
occupation were met. Everything depended
on the maintenance of that army in a high,
state of efficiency ; and Napoleon had
reason to know from Jerome's recent con-
duct at Paris that he had run up debts of
3,000,000 francs in a few weeks, and was
likely to do still worse at Cassel if he had a
free hand. Certainly Napoleon treated him
hardly ; but Jerome needed hardness. A*
Mr. Fisher has pointed out in ' Napoleonic
Statesmanship : Germany,' it was a mistake
to place Jerome over the new kingdom, on
which the gaze of all Germans was concen-
trated.
The weak part of Mr. Sergeant's book is
his failure to throw any new light on the-
problems of government in Westphalia, and
the disputes which have arisen concerning
Jerome's conduct of military affairs at the
beginning of the Russian campaign. The-
latter question is noticed far too briefly. In
the former, Mr. Sergeant has made use of
good authorities — De Norvins and Mr.
H. A. L. Fisher being of course the chief
guides — and lias duly acknowledged his
indebtedness to them. Perhaps this is all
that can be expected in a volume like this,
in which the writer states in the preface liis
reasons " for confining himself nearly to the-
frivolous side of Westphalian history." He-
might have used with advantage the
' Lettres de Madame Reinhard a sa Mere,'
published by the Societe d'Histoire Con-
temporaine in 1901. Exception might also
be taken to the title of the book, Jerome
being in no sense a burlesque of his great
brother. The fault was that he was so»
intensely himself. If he had striven to-
copy Napoleon, however feebly, the
Napoleonic regime in Germany might have
had a better chance of surviving.
Julian the Apostate. By Gaetano Negri.
Translated from the Second Italian Edition
by the Duchess Litta-Visconti-Arese. With
an Introduction by Prof. Pasquale Villari.
2 vols. Illustrated. (Fisher Unwin.) — The
apostate emperor exercises a perennial
fascination for all students of history.
During the past few years we have had in.
England the chapters of Mr. Gwatkin and
Mr. Glover, as well as the monograph of
Miss Gardner ; and France has given us-
the elaborate work of M. Allard. It is
peculiarly fitting that an Italian, both Senator
and philosopher, should produce a life-
like portraiture of one who was an Italian,
both scholar and man of affairs. The trans-
lator, the printer, the photographer, and the
publisher have risen to the occasion, and
given the work an exterior quality commen-
surate with its merits.
An introduction is followed by chapters
on ' The Life of Julian,' ' The Discord among
N°4088, March 3, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
263
the Christians,' ' Neo-Platonism,' ' Julian's
Attitude,' ' Julian's Action against Chris-
tianity,' ^Julian's Disillusion,' and 'The
Sovereign and the Man,' and by a ' Conclu-
sion ' and Index. Among the illustrations
are the bust of Acerenza, which the author
(rightly, we think) inclines to regard as
genuine ; coins of Julian and his relatives
and successors in the empire ; a sardonyx
intaglio now in Paris, which represents the
emperor, and a portrait of Negri.
The monograph, which is written in a
delightfully interesting style, is evidently
based on a careful and discriminating study
of the original authorities — Julian himself,
Libanius, Ammianus Marcellinus, and Gre-
gory of Nazianzus. Numerous extracts are
given from these, which add greatly to the
interest of the book, especially as few, even
among our best scholars, have much ac-
quaintance with the originals. We miss a
reference (on pp. 325-6) to the commentary
on 2 Thessalonians written shortly after
Julian's death, and now printed amongst
the works of St. Ambrose (" Julianum, qui
arte quadam et subtilitate cceptam persecu-
tionem implere non potuit, quia desuper
concessum non fuerat "), which is all the
more valuable as reflecting the opinion of a
fairly impartial observer. The author of
the present work does not hold a brief
either for Christianity or for Julian. He is
scrupulously fair to both, and if he fails of
absolute impartiality, he does so, perhaps,
in depreciating the quality of the Christianity
of Julian's time. His condemnation is just,
but he should have found room for the
exceptions to the general depravity.
A couple of quotations will give some
idea of the author's method and style : —
" He was only a brilliant meteor, passing and
evanescent, when he might have been one of the
most powerful factors of human history, a truly
great ruler of nations! However, from a
psychological and dramatic point of view it is just
this strange union of characteristics which con-
stitutes the principal interest in the history of
Julian. He was at the same time an exalted
idealist, full of mystical superstitions and fixed
ideas ; a commander of genius ; a heroic soldier ;
and an expert administrator." — P. 63.
"Julian understood, or at least had a clear
intuition, that to save the empire it was not
necessary to embrace Christianity as Constantine
had done, or to persecute it like Diocletian, but
rather to create something that responded in part
to those needs which found their satisfaction in
Christianity, and at the same time preserved the
basis of ancient thought and civilisation. For this
purpose he initiated that movement which we
have called the Christianisation of paganism." —
r. 2ea
The translator's accuracy is almost equal
to her taste, but we may note a few
trifling corrections. On p. xxxiii read
Archeologique ; the church historian is
always wrongly given as Sozomenes, instead
of Sozomenus or Sozomen ; on p. 60 " some-
thing new " should be "a revolution " ;
on p. 106 read " Mopsucrene " ; on p. 171,
n. 2, for "p." read " bk." ; p. 113, n. 1,
read " Eunapius " ; p. 291, n. 1, read 1873 ;
p. 316, read " Eumaeus " ; pp. 422, 431,
read " Pessinus " ; p. 435, read " Archi-
lochus " ; p. 445, read " Autolycus " ;
p. 450, read KojirrTavTio? ; p. 453, omit
** the " before " Pontus " ; on p. 514 it
may be noted that Julian's description of
Julius Caesar is certainly not borrowed
from Suetonius ; on p. 523 read " Sym-
machus " ; on p. 531, " Syracusans " ; on
p. 558, "Teos." The Greek printing is
very bad : there is hardly a sentence which
is correct in breathings and accents. The
German is wrong on p. 20, n. 5 ; p. 21,
n. 2 ; p. 25, n. 1 ; the English printing is
virtually perfect (an exception on p. 22,
ii. 1).
The translation calls for little criticism.
The word milieu occurs too often. The
language should be modified on p. 189 and
elsewhere to avoid the cumbrous word
" irremissibly." We do not like " recon-
ducting " on p. 473, and there is a bad
sentence on p. 59. We call attention to these
matters in no captious spirit, but merely to
help a book which is excellent to approach
yet nearer to the ideal.
A Book of Mortals. By Flora Annie Steel.
(Heinemann.) — This is an odd book, which
rather bewilders the reader. Mrs. Steel
clearly takes her subject seriously, though
the haphazard selection of illustrations
hardly suggests a book of such a character.
We find reproductions of well-known pic-
tures, which have a nondescript range, and
sometimes no particular relevance. They
are, however, kept in some relation with
the topic of the book by containing animals.
For this volume is "a record of the good
deeds and good qualities of what humanity
is pleasd to call the lower animals." And
there we find Mrs. Steel's bias at once.
In seeking to exalt the animal she pours
scorn on human nature. Human beings
are in her eyes lower in the scale of morality
than dumb animals. But what, one may
ask with Browning in ' Jocoseria, '
Of that self-sacrifice in men which solves
The riddle — Wherein differs man from beast?
Foxes boast cleverness, and courage wolves :
Nowhere but in mankind is found the least
Touch of an impulse "To our fellows — good
I' the highest ! — not diminished but increased
" By the condition plainly understood
Such good shall be attained at price of hurt
I' the highest to ourselves ! "
The author's is a hopelessly sentimental
view, but she is very much in earnest,
and pleads her case with eloquence and
with the address of an advocate. She
writes well, and she writes boldly, as
upon marriage ; yet that chapter is
sentimentalism gone to seed. To argue
that marriage has had to be invented
because of man's inferior morals, and that
the dog can dispense with the institution,
because, presumably, of his superiority,
seems to us wrong - headedness. If the
assertion had been so limited as to con-
cern only that rigid monogamist the swan,
we should have had more difficulty in dis-
posing of it. This chapter (we may inci-
dentally remark) is illustrated by a nice
plate of ' Bird and Arum.' Mrs. Steel
give3 a vocabulary of " one dog " in face
of which the present reviewer is frankly
heretic. It contains over a hundred words,
and includes five pronouns.
The second part of the book is concerned
with what animals have done for men, and
opens with the serpent, and Diirer's picture
of the Temptation ! Here we have associated
the Passover lamb, Ulysses's dog, Balaam's
ass, the lion of Androcles, the phoenix, the
wolves of the Capitol, the unicorn, and
Robert Bruce's spider. Such a width of
range is rather disconcerting. Yet from it
all one turns with approbation to the pre-
fatory note, which breathes the author's
purpose, and to the dedicatory verses, in-
scribed touchingly to a puppy who chose
" the illimitable liberty of death."
We trust that Suffering's Journey on the
Earth, by Carmen Sylva, translated from
' Leiden's Untergang,' by Margaret A. Nash
(Jarrold & Sons), may secure as large a
circle of readers as it deserves, for it is a
book that would certainly give pleasure to
many people, and not least, perhaps, to
those who as a rule look somewhat askance
on literature in its Lighter forms. Tlw little
work, which treats in allegory of the parts
played by Suffering, Sin, and the other
spiritual powers in this world, has genuine
charm ; it is fresh and spontaneous, and
written from a full heart. Its defects — a lack
of artistic restraint, and at times a certain
incoherence and disconnectedness — will be
felt most keenly by the critical, or possibly
we should say the hypercritical, for they are
not likely to interfere with the enjoyment of
most readers. While the experiences of
Suffering and her fellow-personifications
form the main subject of the book, tales of a
more purely human interest are interspersed
here and there, and the final chapter is an
intimate and touching personal confession
of the author herself. Mrs. Nash's transla-
tion is sympathetic, but very unsure : she
will often render a phrase or passage with
real felicity, but at other times she shows a
curious want of literary skill, and her
introduction indicates but little practice in
the art of writing.
In the " Belles Lettres " Series of " The
Royal Library " (A. L. Humphreys) the
latest issue is Literary Essays, by John
Morley. They consist of papers on Byron,
Carlyle, Macaulay, Wordsworth, and ' On the
Study of Literature,' which are well worth
the elegant form and print here accorded
to them. Mr. Morley is full of sound sense
and knowledge, and could be a brilliant
epigrammatist if he liked. He gives us, in
fact, the impression of suggesting epigram
rather than writing it, as if he thought fire-
works were too flashy for sober criticism.
No word is added by Mr. Humphreys as to
the original appearance of the essays. This is
a pity. The opening of the ' Wordsworth '
essay speaks, for instance, of " the poet
whose works are contained in the present
volume." This seems nonsense, but refers
to Messrs. Macmillan's standard Words-
worth in the well-known green covers.
We are glad to notice that Mr. TuckwelPs
Reminiscences of a Radical Parson (Cassell),
which are at once lively and practical, have
reached a " Popular Edition."
It is not surprising that the first fifty
volumes of " Everyman's Library " (Dent
& Co.), which are now out, have created a
stir. The books are wonderful, and both
publishers and editor are to be congratulated
on the far-reaching character of the scheme
and its execution. At a moderate price the
reader has an introduction ; a biblio-
graphical note ; a good text (in which
we are glad to notice a standard of
accuracy very different from that of the
ordinary cheap reprint) ; a decorative title-
page, which is faced by a suitable motto
similarly decorated ; and a gold-lettered
binding which varies according to the nature
of the contents. The books are seven inches
high, so that they are considerably larger
than "The Temple Classics." More impor-
tant, however, than cheapness and appear-
ance to the serious lover of English letters is
the quality of the books issued and of the
critics who introduce them. Mr. Rhys
edited " The Camelot Classics " of an earlier
period, and clearly this experience has stood
him in good stead. Aided, no doubt, by
the enthusiasm of Mr. Dent, whose zeal for
humaner letters is well known, he has ven-
tured to include things so good, and so little
known to the man in the street (or shall we
say the man in the train ?), as Latimer's
Sermons, introduced in lucid style by Canon
Beeching, and The Wild Ass's Skin of
Balzac, a master piece which should impress
a new circle in this form. In this volume
there is a brief account of Balzac's life, and
such should, we think, be added in every
case where the writer's life is not well known.
Thus Mr. Belloe, in annotating Essays in
Literature and History by J. A. Froude,
conveys no idea of Froude'a position at
2(1 1
'I'll I! AT II KN.KIM
N 1088. Maw h ■>, L906
( )\i..i,i. or, ni'l' • d, hii> « here. He i d
ing and brilliant, generalize* About fclw
i ran..- i.i Oxford awd Cambridge, and
(•II ii- tlmt ii|h.m the mum di -. ii wion <>i
Proude'i Ufa i! to unpoeeible t<> pe
j 1 1 . 1 ■_■ 1 1 1 . • r 1 1 . far the element* <>i thai <!,
■re now deetroyed ; tin- universities no
longer pretend to believe." We cannot
support In- minimizing <>i Proude'i inaccu-
raei i and the oomplaoenl reference to
tride reading which follows i- ■ little spoilt
by the next paragraph. Here Froude is
lauded for ascribing t'> Rogers a Btory which,
without flaims to wide reading, we know to
be much older. The world is not, of com
full of masters of praise l iU«- Mr. Swinburne,
who introduces The Cloister and tin Hearth,
and good choice so far has been made of
critics, hut we hope thej will be sensible
and not too olever. The reader of this
aeries wants, we imagine, a few authoritative
facts and conclusions which are not original
enough to be brilliant. Mr. Synums is
excellent iii his introduction to Biographia
Lit< raria. though he says more of criticism
in general than of Coleridge's in particular.
Sir Oliver Lodge writes admirably, being,
like Huxley, a man of .science with literary
gifts, on Man's Place in Nature, which
has illustrations in the text. Andersen's
Fair;/ Talcs has, and needs, but a brief
editorial note. The children, however, have
got striking illustrations by the brother-
Robinson, and the prettiest of the bindings
for their shilling. Looking back to our
early days of bad print and the general
dullness of books except a few, we call
both young and old to-day " fortunatos
nimium." All the series can be had in
leather as well as cloth. The set of Jane
Austen in the former style will be specially
applauded, for it repeats the excellent type
of a more expensive issue. We have not
space to dwell on further volumes, but the
satisfactory boldness of the enterprise will
be recognized by all who look at the list of
volumes issued and promised.
The " Universal Library " of Mes>i-.
Routledge is receiving some additions of
high interest. We are struck by the good
sense shown by Mr. F. L. Knowles in his
introduction to The Golden Treasury of
American Songs and Lyrics, a selection which
displays pre-eminently both knowledge and
taste. Whyte-Melville's Gladiators, Mac-
aulay's Literary Essays, and Tyndall's
Glaciers of the Alps show the catholic cha-
racter of the series. Two volumes are out
of Shakespeare's Works, edited by Charles
Knight, a plain text without notes. What
we strongly desire to see reprinted is
' Knight's Companion Shakespeare,' with
introductory remarks, and notes in the
margin, 3 vols. (G. Routledge & Co., 1857).
There have been hundreds of editions, we
suppose, since this, but it remains one of
the most useful. In this "Library," as in
that just noticed, Essays by Froude are
included, with an index of proper names.
The English Catalogue of Books for 1903,
now issued by the Publishers' Circular,
Limited, is again before us, and within five
minutes of its receipt we find its information
useful and easily obtainable. It is, in
fact, the year-book we should be least
ready to part with. We are very glad that
its continued publication is assured. The
volume is of great interest to those who
analyze literary activity. Japan occupies
nearly a page ; Russia, including works on
the war, about half that amount. Tennyson
occupies nearly a page, several of his books
being now out of copyright. Sliakspeare
witli a page and three-quarters and Walter
Scott with more than a page indicate a
Strong and steady demand. In fiction Mr. |
\\ . I.' Queux I,,, ixteen item- under bia
inline: otherwise women x-ein mole iiMi\<-
than men. The late Adeline Sergoanl has
under her name fouit. . n it< in . L. I M< ad<
twenty, Florence Man \ at eleven, Florence
Warden ten. More interesting, perhl
than these frivolous BgUrCS is the fact that
Marcus Aurelius has five entries, it \o
as if he were advancing in that popular
favour for which he eared so little. But
we should not care to look to his modern
leaders lor details of his life and times, or
even the language in which he wrote.
\\ i have received from Mr. .lame, William
Vickers his Newspaper Gazetteer for 1906.
Its contents are well arranged and easy of
reference. The population of the various
towns is given, mostly according to the
Census of 1901. The concluding portion of
the book is devoted to the Colonial
and Indian Press. We notice the same
careful, efficient editing as in former years ;
and the type and print are excellent.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
E X QLIS ll.
Tlienloj}/.
Allison (T.) Lectures on English Church History, 1/6 net.
Ancient Tyre and Modern England, by Philo-Anglicanua,
7 (J net'.
Century Bible: Psalms LXXIII.-CL, edited by Rev. T. W.
I).t\ ies, 2/6 net.
Church and the Adversary, by a Layman, 3/6 net.
Moves (MgrA Aspects <>f Anglicanism, <> o net.
Oldfleld (W. .1.) a Primer of Religion, 2/6
Richards ( W.) The Spirit in the Letter of the Word, 5 '
Wagner (('.), The Gospel of Life, 3/6; Towards the Heights,
2/ net
Ware (J.) The Divine Man, a New Epic, 6/
Lair.
Maine (sir H. S.) Ancient Law, 5/ net.
Fine Art ami Arehaotogy.
Bellini (Giovanni), 3/6 net.
Caffin (C. H.), How to study Pictures, 10/C net.
Cox (David), Drawings of, 7/6 net.
Frantz (H.), French Pottery, 7/0 net.
Havertield (F. .1.), The Romanization of Roman Britain,
2/6 net.
Moss (F.), Pilgrimages to Old Homes, Third Series, 21/ net.
sturch(F.), Manual Training Drawing (Woodwork), 5/ net.
Poetry and the Drama.
Barton (G. F.). The Pipe of Desire, and other Plays.
Balbi (.1. L.), Regeneration, a Play in Three Acts, ad.
Hale (K. K. jun.), Dramatists of To-day, 6/ net.
Hewlett (M.), Pan and the Young shepherd, a Pastoral in
Two Acts, 1/6
Khamara (Smara), In the Valley of Stars there is a Tower
of silence, a Persian Tragedy, 3/6 net.
Loveman (R.), Songs from a Georgia Garden and Echoes
from the dates of Silence, 5/
McNab (H.), The Viking, and other Poems, 5/ net.
Rice(C. V.), Plays and Lyrics, 7/6 net.
Riethmueller (R.), Walt whitman and the Germans, a
Study.
Roberts (R. K.), Poems, 5/ net.
Sharpley (II.), A Realist of the .-Fgean, being a Verse-
Translation of the Mimes of Herodas, 2/6 net.
Bibliography.
Ancient Deeds in the Public Record Office, a Descriptive
Catalogue, Vol. V., 15/
English Historical Review, Index to Articles, Vols. I. -XX.,
::() net.
Griffin (A. P. C), List of Cartularies (principally French)
added to the Library of Congress.
Ph ilosophy,
Hbffding (Dr. in, The Philosophy of Religion, translated
bj B. E. Meyer, 12/ net.
History and Biography.
Anderson (J. HA The Peninsular War. 1811-18, 8/ net.
Breasted (J. H.), Ancient Records of Egypt '■ Historical
Documents, vol. L, 12 ; History of Egypt, from the
Earliest Times to the Persian Conquest, 20/ net
King (W. L M.), The Secret of Heroism: a Memoir of
Henry Albert Harper.
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Feign of
Henry \ III., arranged by J. Gairdner and R. II. Brodie,
Vol. XX. Part I . 1
McCullagh (FA With the Cossacks, 7 a net
Marindin (A. II). The Salamanca Campaign, 7/8 net.
Markhani (Sir ( '.), A Menioirof Archbishop Markham, S ml.
sidgwick (Henrj ). a Memoir, by A. 8. and E. M. S., 12/B net
TuckweU (Rev, \v.), Ruminiscences of a Radical Parson,
Popular Edition. 6
Who's Who in America, iixki-7, 18, net
Williams (L.), Granada, 7 6 net
Geography ami Travel
Hard) (O. HA Red-Letter Days hi Greece and Egypt
Miltoun (FA Rambles in Brittany, 6/ net.
snell (F. •!.). The Hlackmore Count
VVrogge(C. L), The Romance of the south seas, 7/B net
rtog i' 1
in 1 1. 1
and Hunt -in. n, edited l») ~n H I
/■!.,!■
pimIHiii Index t'erboruai Ptopsttiaane, « 1
■
Bill ill— < 1 11 > 1 1 1 i> .- ■ ■ 1 1:
1 i; net
Deakii • 1 ■ Algeu
Army Handbook of Physical 'I raining, 1 net
tvebury (Liird), The Iknulir* of Nature luid tin- •
of the World We Lire III. M
Beanmonl <w W.\ >lm.„ Vehicle* ind Motors, v.,1 11
net
HI o k - Medical Dfa tionary, edited bj l I) < '<>un
Box(C. Kjand I ■ linlcal Applied An.it
12 6 net
Burke li. R .). The Origin of Life, Its Physical Basil
Definition, 16 net.
DayUm (HA Practice of Medicine, 1 net
Haefflei (C. HA The Cleansing, Disinfection, and Protectioa
of the Hand-., translated bj C. Heron
Hornei (J. GA Modern Milling Machines, li
/ones til. R), Examination Qaestioni for the Dipiom
Public Health, I <i net
Kelynaek (T. H.), The Alcohol Proi.l.-m in its Biolog
Aspect 2
Uebretch (O.), Third Treatise on the Effects of Borax
Boric Acid on the Human System, 6 net.
Milward (F. \ '.). Irlsrnaraof the Rectum, S net.
Stevens (F, .1), Smallpox, it- Dissemination and Pn
t ion, I B net
wiia 1 ton (II. R.). Minor Operative Surgery, including.
Bandaging, 14 6 net
whittaker (C. R.), Essentials ,,f Surface Anatomy, 2 6 net.
tHe Beaks,
Child's Birthday Book, :t .6 net.
General Liletmtwe.
Blatchford (R.), Not Guilty, 2 6 net.
Brailsford (II. N.), Macedonia, it- Races and their Future,.
12 6 net.
Bullen (F. T.). Sea Spray, 6/
Carnegie Tnist for the Universities of Scotland, 1
Annual Report
Cassell's New Dictionary of Cookei
Cleeve(L). Billy '- Wife, 6/
Dearmer (MA Brownjonn's
Dent's Everyman's Library : BosweB's Life of Johnson,
Vols. I. and II.: Andersen's Fairy Tale-: Coleridge's
Biographia Literaria ; Fronde s Essays in Lit«-r:itur«-
and History ; Jane Austen's Novels, .", \ol>. ; Bull
Wild Ass's skin : Reach's The Cloister and the Hearth :
Sermons by Hugh Latimer; Golden Book of Coleridj
Huxley's Essays; and other Volumes, 1 each cloth:
2 leather.
Devine(K. T.), Kfficiencv and Relief, 8 net.
Donnell (A. II.), Rebecca Mary, 6/
Gardenhire (S. M.), The Long Ann, 67
Hering (H. A.), The Burglars' Club
Kemp (G A By Liw EternaL S/B
Keniahan (Mrs. C), An Artist .- Model, 6
Lloyd (J A Miriam, .'{ 6
Marks (M. A. MA The Tree of Knowledge, 3/G net.
Marsh (R.), The Garden of M\st,
Mayor of Troy (The), by <,r I
Moiiahan (MA Benigna Vena : Essays, Literary and Per-
sonal.
Munro (.+:.), The Transvaal (Chinese) Labour Problems,.
2 (i net.
Pemberton (Max), My Sword for Lafayette, 6/
Penty (A. •!.). The Restoration of the Gild Svstem, i 6 net.
PhiHpotts(F.), Hie Unluck) Number, 6rf.
Pryce (GA a Son of Anon. 6
Routledge's New Universal Library : Golden Treasury of
American Songs and Lyrics; Whyte-Melville's Th»-
Gladiators; Fronde's Fssa>s: Shakespeare's Work-,
Vols. I. and II.: Tyndall's Glaciers of the Alps:
Macaulay's Literary Essays, 1 net each.
Sahatini (R.), Bardelys the Magnificent. Q
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. III. Part !
Successful Bookseller (The). 7 6 net.
Supplement to Pod's Peerage, Baronetage, and Kniuh:
1 ' net.
Turner (F.) and Hodder(R), The Purloined Prince. Third
Edition.
Tynan (K.). The Yellow Domino, and other Stories
Victoria University of Manchester Calendar, • net.
F 0 R F I (i N.
Theology.
GriltCmacher (GA Hieronymus; Vol. II. Sea I^el>en u,
seine Sohriften von 885 bis 100, 7 m.
Leitner (!•'.). IVr golte-dienstlic he \ olk-ges,ing in judischert
u. cbristUchen Altertum, Bnv 00.
Pea li ii ). De (nspiratione Sacne Scriptuna, Sin. 80.
Scriptorea Syri, Series 111. Tome IX. Part HI. 2 vols., 12m.
Fine Art ami Arenwology.
Furtwangler (A.I. Fie. liter (K R.t. unci Thiersch ill
Ae^iua. d.i- lleiligtuin der Aphaia. ISQaa,
Niihotf (W.\ i. An Typographique dans lee Pays-Baa,,
1600-40, Part V11I.
Poetry ami the Drama.
France (Anatole), An Petit Bonfaeur, lfr. 50.
HiStary ami liimjiaplni.
Brisson (P.), Hiatoire du Travail et dea TravaiUem -
Colin (AA Alfred de alusset Intime. afr.
Ia'i>e\ (AA Lee Troia Coups d'F.tat de Louis-Napoleon
Bonaparte: Strasburget Boulogne, Sfr.
Schuster (GA Die geheimen G mnllrwhaftfsi, Verbmdungeai
u. Orden, 2 vols., IC111.
Souhics (A.) et t'aretlc (F.1, Les Regimes Politique- au
XX. Sieole: Lea B^pubblques Parl«nenteirea, 6tr.
Geoymphy ami ZVufeL
Gentil (L.X Mission deSegontac, Explorations auMarocf12(,
N°4088, March 3, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
2c;
Philology.
Tonrneur (V.), Esquisse iVune Histoire des Etudes
Celtiques, 8 fr.
General Literature.
Aubry (O.), La Face d'Aiiain, 3f. 50.
Bertheroy (J.), Les Delices de Mantoue, 3f. 50.
Saint-Point (V. de), Trilogie de I'Aniour et de Li Mort : I.
Un Ainouv, .'ifr. 50.
Strannik (I.), Les Mage.s sans Etoile, 3f. 50.
*** All Books received at the Office up to Wednesday
Morning will be included in this- List unless previously
noted. Publishers are requested to state prices when
sending Books.
GOETHE AND HEINE.
Probably nothing in the history of lite-
rary criticism is better known than the
remark attributed to Goethe that Heine, as
a poet, with all his brilliance, was deficient
in love —
Love, without which the tongue
Even of angels sounds amiss.
The statement as applied to Heine I have
found in Matthew Arnold, in James Sime's
' Life of Goethe,' in William Sharp's ' Life
of Heine,' and in the introduction by
Stephen Born to the edition of Heine in
Cotta's " Bibliothek der Weltliteratur " ;
and probably it occurs elsewhere. With so
many witnesses testifying to the fact, one
might well be content to accept the state-
ment as accurate ; but as both Sime and
Sharp give Eckermann as their authority
for Goethe's observation, this puzzled me
exceedingly ; for I had read Eckermann, not
only with that keen interest which he invari-
ably begets in his readers, but with some
care, and I could recall no passage lending
any support to this alleged criticism of the
author of the ' Buch der Lieder.' Again I
looked, but in vain ; only one incidental
reference to Heine could I discover through-
out Eckermann's entire work. What I did
find, however, was a conversation between
Goethe and Eckermann on Christmas Day,
1825, in which Goethe applied to Platen the
criticism usually — but quite erroneously, as
it seemed — considered to have been passed
upon Heine. This was more puzzling than
ever, for with this passage before them,
how did the writers above mentioned come
to regard the criticism as applicable to
Heine ? Turning again to Arnold's familiar
lines on ' Heine's Grave ' —
But was it thou — I think
Surely it was ! that hard
Unnamed, who, Goethe said,
Had every other gift but wanted lore ;
Love, without which the tongue
Kven of angels sounds amiss —
there seemed to be in them a clue worth
following up. Arnold speaks of " that
bard unnamed," and it occurred to me as
just possible that Eckermann in his early
editions might have suppressed the name of
the poet to whom Goethe referred. Accord-
ingly I have looked at the edition of Ecker-
mann dated 1836 — this I believe is the first
edition — in the British Museum, and there
I find that the poet's name is not given.
The passage which now commences, " Wir
sprachen fiber Platen, dessen negative
Hichtung gleichfalls nicht gebilligt wurde,"
begins thus in the editions of 1836 and 1837 :
Ks kam darauf einer unserer neuesten
deutschen Dichter zur Erwahnung, der sich
in kurzer Zeit einen bedeutenden Namen
gemacht, dessen negative Richtung jedoch
gleichfalls nicht gebilligt wurde." It then
continues as in the later editions, except that
asterisks arc given where Platen's name
now appears. Here, then, was the explana-
tion. Finding no name given by Ecker-
mann, critics immediately jumped to the
conclusion — the wrong one, as it turned out
— that it was Heme who was lacking in the
ntial tiling — love; and they have gone
on repeating the error ever since, notwith-
standing the change made by Eckermann
in the text of his later editions. That Platen
was really the poet in question is put beyond
doubt by the index to the 1836 edition of
Eckermann, which (although the text does
not disclose the name) contains this entry :
"v. Platen, Graf Aug....Ihm fehle die
Liebe, 234 "
It is curious that Heine himself, in his
' Ueber Polen,' written in 1822, applies to
the French school of philosophy the same
criticism that Goethe applies to Platen.
Referring to it, he says : " Ich will hier
Stunden, wo ich sie verehre : ich selbst bin
diese gewiss nicht verunglimpfen, es gibt
gewissermassen ein Kind derselben. Aber
ich glaube doch, es fehlt ihr die Hauptsache
— die Liebe."
James S. Henderson.
CHAUCER: " PRESTES THRE " OR
" PREST ESTRE " ?
Prof. V. Kastner proposes to read
" prest estre " for the reading of the received
text " prestes thre." It must be admitted
that there is some difficulty in accepting the
text as it stands, and no doubt a plausible
and scholarly amendment would be welcomed
by all who are interested in the work of
restoring Chaucer's text to its genuine form.
Is it possible to accept Prof. Kastner' s
amendment ? I think not, for if we did so,
it would mean accepting " prest estre," a non-
existent phrase, and recognizing " estre," a
grammatical monstrosity. Let us just con-
sider Prof. Kastner's explanation of his hypo-
thetical form " estre." He explains this
hypothetical form as a French adjective
derived from the French estre, occurring in
Chaucer in the plural estres with the mean-
ing of the inner parts of a house, and thus
he gets for his estre the sense of " domes-
ticus. " Is it according to the laws of French
word- formation to derive a word which in
form is a passive participle from a substan-
tive ? Moreover, this substantive is formally
an infinitive, for estre, a dwelling-place, is
identical with estre (modern French etre),
to be, meaning literally "a being." The
word "being" has precisely the same
meaning " a dwelling - place ' ' in East
Anglia ; see • Dialect Dictionary. '
A. L. Mayhew.
THE SPRING PUBLISHING SEASON.
THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY' PRESS
have in the press in the " Canihridge English
Classics," Beaumont and Fletcher, Complete Plays
and Poems, Vols. Til. and IV., edited by Arnold
Glover and A. R. Waller; Crahhe's Poems,
Vol. II., edited by Dr. A. W. Ward; Prior's
Prose Dialogues and other Works, forming with
the volume already issued a eomplete edition of
Prior, prose and verse ; Cowley's Essays and
Plays, completing Ins English works ; and Butler's
Characters, edited by A. R. Waller, — and in the
Cambridge Type series, editions of Milton's Comus.
and other Poems, and of Bacon's Essays.
In History and Law : Vol. IX. of the Cambridge
Modern History, Napoleon,— Modern Spain, 181f>-
1898, by H. Butler Clarke,— No Man's Land, a
History of Spitsbergen, by Sir Martin Conway,
and The Growth 01 an English Manor, by Miss
F. G. Davenport.
In Literature and Philology : Aristotle's de
Sensu and de Mcinoria, edited by (i. R. T. Ross,
— Herodotus, Book IV., edited by ES. S. Shuck-
burgh, with notes, an edition of the text only of
Jebb'a Baochylides, An Introduction to Com-
parative Philology for Classical Students, by ■!. M.
Edmonds, a Lit in Grammar by the Ever, A.
Sloman, and a German Grammar by <i. H.
Clarke and C. J. Murray.
In Mathematics : Quadratic Forms and their
Classification by means of Invariant Factors, by
Prof. T. FA. Bromwieh, — and a Trigonometry for
Beginners, by J. W. Mercer.
A second edition of The Origin and Propagation
of Sin, by F. R. Tennant, is also in the press, and
Vol. IV. of Mr. C. E. Sayle's Catalogue of Early
English Printed Books in the University Library,
Cambridge.
MESSRS. SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO.
announce in History, Biography, and Belles-
Lettres : William Clark, Journalist : his Life and
Work, by Herbert Burrows and others, — Topo-
graphical and Historic Links, by D. L. Maguire, —
with illustrations, — Browning's Sordello ; a Com-
mentary, by K. M. Loudon, — An Anthology of
French Poetry from the Time of Froissart to the
Beginning of the Present Century, selected and
arranged by Frederick Lawton — and Diary and
Correspondence of Pepys, edited by Lord Bray-
brooke, a reprint of the copyright edition of
1848-9, 4 vols.
In Philosophy, Theology, &e. : Physiological
Psychology, by Prof. W. Wundt, a translation of
the fifth German edition, by Prof. E. B. Titcheneiv
Vol. II., with 153 illustrations, — The History of
Philosophy, by Dr. J. E. Erdmann, an Englisb
abridgment, translated by W. S. Hough, —
Thoughts and Things, by Prof. Mark Baldwin :
Vol. I. Theory of Knowledge, Functional Logic,
Vol. II. Theory of Reality, Real Logic, — Man ;.
or, Problems Ancient and Modern relating to Man.
with Guesses at Solutions, by the Rev. W. T.
Nicholson, — The Workshop of Religions, by A.
Lillie, — Genesis and Exodus as History : a Critical
Enquiry, by J. Thomas, — and Apollonius of TyanaT
and other Essays, by T. Whittaker.
Books of Reference : Dictionary of German
Quotations, by L. Dalbiac, — Dictionary of Spanish
Quotations, by the late T. B. Harbottle, — Sonnen-
schein's Cyclopaedia of Education, brought up to
date by M. E. John, — and The Girls' School Year-
Book, 1906.
Social Economics and Science : in the Social
Science Series, A Practical Programme for
Working Men ; and John Thelwall, by Charles
Cestre, — The Restoration of the Gild System,
by A. J. Penty, — The Student's Text-Book of
Zoology, by A. Sedgwick, illustrated, Vol. III., —
The Student's Hygiene, by E. Evans, — The
Chemistry of Common Life, by J. B. Coppock, —
and Insect Pests of the Farm and Garden, by
F. M. Duncan, illustrated.
Classics and Education : in a New Classical
Library, edited by Dr. E. Reich, Plutarch's Lives,
Vol. I., translated by W. R. Frazcr; and The
Annals of Tacitus, Books I. to VI., translated by
A. V. Symonds, many other volumes being in
preparation, — The Greek War of Independence,.
With notes and exercises by C. D. Chambers,—
School Gardening for Little Children, by L. R.
Latter, — The Fredericksburg Campaign (18tJ2), a
strategical sketch by Major*!. W. Redway, with
maps and plans, — The Child and the Curriculum,,
by Catherine I. Dodd, — and Scenes from the (It cat
Novelists, by Elsie FogeVty, plays for girls, with
costume illustrations.
MESSRS. DUCKWORTH & CO.
include in their spring list : The Museums and
Ruins of Rome, Vol. I. by W. Amelung. with
170 illustrations : Vol. II. by H. Holtzinger, with
map, plans, and 1(H) illustrations, edited by Mrs.
Arthur Strong, — Esto Perpetua : Algerian Studies
and Impressions, by H. Belloo, M. P., illustrated
by the author, — The Dawn in Britain, by ( '.
Doughty, 2 vols.,— The Scottish School of Paint-
ing, by \Y. 1). McKay, with 50 illustrations, —
English Water-Colour Painters, by A. .1. Finberg,
with SO illustrations,— Poems, byT. Sturge Moore.
collected in one volume, Rambles in Normandj
and Rambles in Brittany, both by F. Miltoun,
with numerous illustrations by R. McManus.
Traffic : the Story of a Faithful Woman, by E. T.
Thurston. The Ambush of Young Days, by R.
Langbridge, Lads of the Fancy, by G. Bartram,
St. Mary the Virgin, by R. M. de la Broise (in
"The Saints"), and The British Woodlice, 1>\
\Y. M. Webb and C. Sillen.
MR. WKKNKK LAURIE
has the following books in preparation : Bernini**
(■dices of a Country Politician, by John A. Bridges*
266
T II E AT II EN .r.r M
N W88, Mabch :;. 1906
- The 8tory of Mill N I Gwvnn, hy Cranntouii
M.iwili. . -Tin Life d <»-.,. Wilde, bj I: B
Kherard, The Qtthedrals and Churches "i the
Rhine sitd North Germany, bj T. P. Bumpus, sod
The Qkthedrali "I England and Wales, by the
^.i ii i. . V'ol 111., Literary London, bj K. M.
I*ag, Bketohes in Normandy, bj I.. Beoke,
1^-t t<i-s i.i my Daughter, by Hubert Bland, —
Stories from the Operas, by Gladys Davidson, —
The Complete Bridge Player, by E. Anthony, neu
edition, Modern Medicine For the Some, by
Ernest Walker, What Men like m Women, by
the Bar. K. J. Hardy, — and Through Reoe-
» rlaaaea, bj P. E Vim-i-nt.
In Pietion : The Binewa of War, by Eden l'liill-
potta and Arnold Bennett,- -The I 'at h of Pain, by
I _-us Hume, The Poiaon Dealer, by G. Ohnet,
— Tnurtell'i Crime, by I*i<k Donovan,- Rowena,
by Agnes Giberne, The Mummy and Miss
Nitoens, by George Griffith, -Retribution, by
Ranger GulL — A Russian Coward, by Fred
Whishaw, The Nihilist, by David Christie
Murray, — The Financier's Wife, by Florence
Warden, —A Widow by Choice, l>v C. Stanton and
H. Hoskin,— and The Cubs, by S.*F. Bullock.
MBSSB& BROWN, LANGHAH & CO.
will pubhah the following : Here and There :
Memories Indian and Other, by Mr. II. (J. Keene,
— a cheaper edition of Christopher Deane, by
E. H. Laoon Watson, — A Daughter of Thor, by
Mrs. Helen Maxwell, new edition, — The Sunset
"Trail, by A. H. Lewis,— Rouge, by H. Macfall and
D. C. Calthrop, — Moons and Winds of Araby, by
R. White, — It Happened in Japan, by the Baroness
•d'Anethan, — and Some Reminiscences, by W. M.
Rossetti, 2 vols., illustrated.
MKSSKS. MASTERS & CO.
announce : Day Book of Short Readings, by the
author of ' Pneparatio,' with preface by Father
•Congreve, — The Servant of the Lord, by Miss
Richenda Buxton, — The Position of the Eucharist
in Sunday Worship, by the Rev. W. H. Abraham,
—The Problems of Faith, by H. T. Nicholson,—
The Communion: an Altar Manual, by the Rev.
-J. Wattson 1'ayton, — Addresses to Women, by
the Rev. A. E. Tugman, — O Sapientia, seven
sermons, by the Rev. C. Witherby,— and new
■ editions of Stories for the Christian Year, by C. A.
.Jones, 8 vols., and Stories on the Church Cate-
chism, by the same, 4 vols.
SALE.
Messrs. Sothkhy, Wilkinson & Hodge sold on
the 23rd ult. the valuable library of the late Mr.
J. A. Slater, which included the following: Shel-
ley's Queen Mab, first edition, original boards,
uncut, an immaculate copy, 1813, 1681. Dibdin's
Bibliographical Decameron, 3 vols., 1817, 11/ 10a
English Dramatists, by A. H. Bullen, 16 vols.',
1885-8, l.V. Z-<. (hi. Jameson's Religious Art
(i vols., 184H-o4, 9/. l(k Tudor Translations'
.38 vols., 1892-1903, 25/. Walpole's Anecdotes of
Fainting, Dallaway's edition, india proofs, 5 vols.,
1S2.S, 17/. Bacon's Advancement of Learning'
first edition, Km, 10/. Britton's Cathedral Anti-
quities (17), large paper, 1814-3."), 10/. 1&. Kelms-
• cott Press Publications, complete (including
• Chaucer). 203/. (Chaucer 52?. ). Loddiges's Botanical
•Cabinet, Vols. I.-XVII., 1818-30, 10/. I.m. Longus.
Daphnis et Chloe, fine copy by Derome, 1707, 13/.
Baskervilles Milton, fine copy in red morocco,
1759, 10/. r>*. Turbervile'a Booke of Faulconrie
and The Noble Arte of Venerie (imperfect), 1575,
19/. Musee Franoais et Musee Roval, 7 vols
1803-18, l<)/. 10s. Turners Liber Sbudiorum!
• bl plates, early impressions, ."><)/.
ICitoarrr (Bnssip,
Miss Alice C. C. Gaussen's memoir
of Mrs. Elizabeth Carter, to which we
referred in our issue of January 6th, will
he published by Messrs. Smith, Elder
& Co. on or about the 13th inst. under
the title of 'A Woman of Wit and
Wisdom.' Miss Gaussen has tried to tell
as far a ble the story <J Elizabeth
Outer'a life m her own words, gathered
from all Sonne-. The volume lias ;i-
f it nit ispieoe a portrait of .Mi-. Outer bono
a crayon drawing by Sir Thomas L.iw-
rence in the National Portrait Gall
and it contains several Must ration- and a
facsimile of a letter from Elizabeth Outer
to her brother.
Capt. Philip Wynter, whose father
was for nearly fifty years President of
St. John's College, Oxford, has written
a volume of reminiscences which covers
a period of six decades, and gives inter-
esting memoirs of life at Oxford, in India,
and (as Queen's courier) all over the Con-
tinent. Capt. Wynter was in the Bengal
army during the Mutiny, and for over
thirty years he was a Foreign Office "grey-
hound." Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons are
publishing the book next week. It will
contain six photogravure portraits.
E. Grant Richards will shortly publish
an open-air anthology entitled ' Traveller's
Joy,' on the preparation of which Mr.
W. G. Waters has been engaged for many
years. In this collection Mr. Waters has
attempted to avoid two pitfalls of the
anthologist : he has allowed neither
novelty nor well-worn familiarity to serve
as sufficient qualification for admittance.
" ' Traveller's Joy ' is compiled," he says
in his preface,
" for the student in posse rather than in esse :
a guide to those flowery wildernesses which
lie a little off the beaten track, and it may
be hoped that those who find novelty may
also find pleasure therein. Those who, in
their fuller experience, may meet old friends
will surely give them that greeting which
old friends deserve."
A special feature of the book will be its
end-papers in colour, the work of Mr.
William Hyde.
' The Confessions of a Princess ' is
the title of a work which Mr. John Long
has in the press, and which was recently
suppressed in Germany. It was originally
published in Vienna in November last,
and within one month forty thousand
copies were sold. The ' Confessions ' are
written in the form of an autobiography,
and pseudonyms are substituted for real
names, but to an ordinarily well-informed
person it is not difficult to read between
the lines.
In a letter to the New York Outlook
Prof. Harnack denies that he has given
up his duties as Professor of Ecclesiastical
History at the University of Berlin upon
being appointed Director of the Royal
Library. He writes that he is continuing
his professorship to the full extent of his
work as a teacher, and that it remains
his chief duty and office. The general
direction of the library he looks upon as
subsidiary. His lecture-room is more
crowded than ever.
Mr. Whitelaw Reid, who presides at
the 116th anniversary of the Royal
Literary Fund on Thursday, May 10th,
will be the second American Ambassador
to occupy the chair. It is exactly a
quarter of a century since Russell Lowell
presided.
Tht Oxford Magaxin* for February 21 I
p. oi<i- thai the number of andergradnates
in resident e bai risen by over one hundred
since Hilary Term, L906. Then it was
2 752 ; now it is 2,8
'I'm So ial Committee of the Pioneer
Club, assisted by Rowland Grey, hi
arranged a commemoration of Mrs.
Browning*! i entenary next Tuesday. Mre.
IfeyneU will read a paper upon the poems,
to be followed I.-, recitations and music.
In their latest book catalogue Messrs.
E. Parson- \- Son-, of 15, Bromj id,
offer for 100/. an item of exceptional
interest, a bronze statuette of Thackeray
by Boehm, 20£ inches high. The statuette
was in the Royal Academy of 1864, and
was executed during the last year of
Thackeray's life. A copy of it in plasl
is in the National Portrait Gallery. He
is figured with his hands in his pockets,
a pose which shows well his great height.
Several interesting additions have
recently been made to the valuable col-
lection of Burns relics housed in the poet*!
birth-cottage at Alloway. .Most interest-
ing, perhaps, is one of " the original
Burns chairs," placed in the cottage by
the hand of Burns's granddaughter Sarah,
who was brought up by his widow, the
" bonnie Jean " of the songs. The bed-
room grate which belonged to the poet
when he farmed Ellisland is also among
the newly acquired relics. It may be
added that Burns's original seal was
bequeathed to the trustees of the museum
at the monument in Ayr by a great-
granddaughter of the poet who died in
January last, but had to be declined
because the gift was burdened with the
condition that 100/. should be paid
annually for ten years to a cousin of the
deceased.
Mr. Henry Yates Thompson has been
elected a trustee of the London Library,
in place of the late Sir Mountstuart Grant
Duff, and a more excellent choice could
not have been made. Mr. Thompson is a
bibliophile of wide knowledge, and a
specialist in a branch of book-collecting
in which very few students can possibly
be experts. He has made many generous
gifts to the London Library, not the least
of which are the privately printed cata-
logues of 100 of his beautiful illuminated
manuscripts, as well as a copy of his
Roxburghe Club publication, ' Thirty-
Two Miniatures from the Book of Hours
of Joan II., Queen of Navarre,' 1899.
On Wednesday next, at the monthly
meeting of the Dickens Fellowship, Mr.
Cuming Walters will lecture in the
Memorial Hall, Farringdon Street, on
' The Mystery of Edwin Drood,' and a
discussion will follow.
Messrs. J. & J. Leighton write : —
° It may interest your readers to know
that the Josephua MS. which you referred
to last week, and which His Majesty and
Mr. Yates Thompson graciously propose
returning to Paris, was sold in March, 1898,
at Messrs. Put tick & Simpson's in Mr. James
Henry Johnson's sale, where we bought it.
We sold it the same year to a collector, who
after five years desired to dispose of it, and
N°4088, March 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
267
we advised selling it at Messrs. Sotheby's
in hopes of its realizing a sum worthy of
the MS. In the Townley sale, where this
MS. sold for 841. (with the 13 miniatures),
was, curiously, another Josephus MS.,
'Histoire des Juifs, fol. MS. upon vellum,
with numerous miniatures finely executed,'
which sold for 431. Is. Could this by any
chance be the first part of the work now in
the National Library of France ? "
The University of California has paid
a hundred and fifty thousand dollars for
the library of Mr. H. H. Bancroft. The
manuscripts include missals, service books,
grammars and dictionaries of aboriginal
languages, Papal bulls, and accounts and
letter-books referring to commercial trans-
actions in North and Central America.
There are also diaries of early American
trappers, narratives of California and
Rocky Mountain pioneers, and more than
five thousand volumes of newspapers and
periodicals.
Mb. Edward Clodd has been appointed
chairman of the Rationalist Press Associa-
tion, in place of Holyoake.
The death is announced, in his eighty-
second year, of Mr. James Henderson, of
the well-known Red Lion Court firm of
publishers. He was a native of Lawrence-
kirk, near Montrose, and worked as a
printer in Glasgow and Manchester before
he went to London. His firm issue The
South London Press, The Weekly Budget,
and other journals. In Young Folks,
now defunct, Stevenson's 'Treasure Island'
and ' Black Arrow ' appeared in serial
form, and many other writers who are
now well known found a place. Mr. Hen-
derson was one of the keenest and
boldest opponents of the " taxes on
knowledge," and risked serious losses by
producing his paper, The Glasgow Daily
News, in Scotland in defiance of the
oppressive stamp-duty of the day.
Mr. T. Francis Howell writes : —
" In a letter published in the last number
of The Athenceum Dr. Chapman states that
Mr. Meredith's poem ' The Crown of Love '
has not been reprinted. This is incorrect.
The poem is to be found at p. 273 of vol. iii.
of the ' Poems ' (vol. xxxi. of the complete
edition) in the edition de luxe of Mr. Mere-
dith's works."
The Boston Evening Transcript announces
the sale of "an interesting example " of
Melanchthon's library in the form of a
copy of the Terence of 1513, with " the
great Reformer's name on the title-page,
and with numerous marginal and inter-
lineary notes in his autograph throughout
the text." The book realized 142 dollars
50 cents, and was in the second part of
the library of the late Prof. Charles Short,
of Columbia University, lately dispersed
in New York. The book once belonged
to the library formed by Dr. Kloss, of
Frankfort, sold at Sotheby's from May 7th
to 29th, 1835. It should be pointed out
that 690 volumes in this collection were
said to contain annotations by Melanch-
thon, and that of these there were
twenty-five editions of Terence said to be
so marked. But the "genuineness" — so
far as Melanchthon is concerned — of
these annotations is more than question-
able. A few were no doubt by him,
but the great majority certainly are not.
The compiler of the catalogue, "who
boxight most of the books, was hardly
sound on the subject of Melanchthon.
R. C. Christie, whose authority is beyond
question, showed this in an article
which appeared in The Athenceum of
March 5th, 1898.
We regret to hear of the death at
Charenton of M. Anatole Claudin, the
well-known bibliophile and bookseller,
at the age of seventy-three. The great
work of M. Claudin's fife, so far as
authorship is concerned, was the splendid
' Histoire de l'lmprimerie en France,'
produced under the auspices of the Im-
primerie Nationale, to which reference
has been made more than once in these
columns. M. Claudin was an honorary
member of the Bibliographical Society,
and No. 6 of the illustrated monographs of
that society, ' The First Paris Press : an
Account of the Books printed for G.
Fichet and J. Heynlin in the Sorbonne,
1470-1472,' was by him. His bookselling
establishment in the Rue Dauphine was
familiar to collectors, and his admirable
catalogues were still more widely known.
No French books of importance have
appeared in the week which precedes the
writing of this paragraph. The letters of
Flaubert to his niece have already been
seen in the Revue de Paris by those who
would be attracted by them ; and the
recollections of Alfred de Musset by his
old housekeeper are hardly worth review.
Alfred de Musset has, after long
years, at last received what was mani-
festly his due, a public statue, and this
was officially inaugurated on Friday last
week at the Place du Theatre Francais.
Of the original committee formed for the
purpose of collecting the necessary sub-
scriptions, only M. Jules Claretie is left.
It was at first intended that Falguiere and
Antonin Mercie should collaborate, but
this project was abandoned ; the work
has been designed and carried out by M.
Mercie alone, and has met with very
general approval. His fine group, with
the appropriate title, ' Musset, la Nuit de
Mai,' was exhibited at the Salon of 1904.
One of the Paris papers announces the
death of an interesting link with the
Bohemians of the Latin Quarter of sixty
years ago — Madame Dehors, whose
maiden name was Schaune, and whose
brother was M. Schaune, who figures as
Schaunard in Henri Murger's ' Scenes de
la Vie de Boheme,' first published in 1845.
The death, in his seventy-second year,
is announced from Budapest of the dis-
tinguished journalist A. E. Horn, for
many years editor of the Journal de
St. Petersbourg. Horn, who was a Hun-
garian by birth, was the first journalist
awarded a pension by the Russian
Government for the services which, as
editor, he rendered to the State.
Recent Parliamentary Papers include
two volumes of Reports of the Royal
Commission on London Traffic, with
maps and diagrams (19s. Qd. and 405. 9d.).
SCIENCE
The Central Tian-Shan Mountains, 1902—
1903. By Dr. Gottfried Merzbacher.-
Published under the authority of the-
Royal Geographical Society. (John*
Murray.)
There are few ranges in the old world'
so attractive in many ways as the Tian.
Shan, the Celestial Mountains, which
divide Russian from Chinese dominions,,
and form the northern part of the greafr
catchment basin whence waters are poured;
from three sides towards the East, and are
ultimately lost in the sand of the greafe
desert. For these hills are but imper-
fectly known, and therefore appeal to-
explorers and geographers ; their valleys-
and plateaus hold a fine stock of Marco •
Polo's sheep, ibex, Asiatic wapiti, andi
other varieties of game which attracfr
sportsmen ; their strange formation, andl
the peculiar effects of wind and sand to
which they are exposed, interest the geo-
logist ; whilst the beauty of the snowa
and comparative purity of the air commend'
them to all, but specially to those whose
road may lie at their base in great heat,
intensified by dust-laden air and swarms-
of insect pests. Dr. Merzbacher first saw
these hills in 1892, and was impelled to
revisit them by a desire " to gain more
accurate insight into the highest regions of:
this mountain chain and its glaciers, and'
also to contribute somewhat to their
exploration." Accordingly, under the-
auspices of the Imperial Russian Geo-
graphical Society, he set forth in 1902,
resolved to devote two years to the in-
vestigation of their highest regions, buried*
for the most part in snow and ice.
To do this satisfactorily involved the-
employment of experts in science and in?
climbing ; so the services of Herr Hana-
Keidel as geologist, Herr Hans Pfann of
Munich, as engineer and mountaineer,
and two vigorous Tyrolese guides were
enlisted. Assistance is further acknow-
ledged from " the celebrated mountain
photographer, Cavaliere Vittorio Sella o£'
Biella, and the Caucasian explorer M. Von
Dechy in Odessa." The results, so far as-
can be judged, are satisfactory, for valu-
able information about the glaciers which
surround Khan Tengri has been obtained,
and errors have been corrected ; but ful!'
detail of the work done is reserved till tho
collections can be examined, the present
volume being, like those by Sven Hedin
and Dr. Stein, a general narrative. Its
scope is thus stated : —
" In this [preliminary] report I have
endeavoured more particularly to embody
observations on the present and past glacier
conditions of the Tian-Shan, and on pecu-
liarities in the physical features of its valley
formations ; subjects to which, throughout
the expedition, my attention was specially
directed. On tho other hand, in order not
to givo to the report a compass which would
retard its publication, botanical, zoological,
and climatologieal observations will have to-
be almost wholly omitted."
Figures generally, and the heights ofc"
mountains, are approximately stated.
208
Til E AT II EN .i:r.M
N 1088, M\k< 11 8, 1906
The expedition, planned at St. Pel
burg in January , 1902, started from Batum
towards the end of May. and prooeeded by
Tiflis and Baku t<» Krasnovodsk; thenoe
l>\ rail to Tashkent, and by tarantass, ria*
Tokmak and the northern shore of Issik
Kul, to Prjevalsk, whence the Tian Shan
wa< entered by the Santash pass, and
Marin Kul. a station on the upper waters
of tlu- Tekkes river, used as headquarters,
was reached.
Excursions into the mountains began
on July 10th. 1902, with 8 visit to the
country between the Great and Little
Muzart rivers, tributaries of the Tekkes ;
the valleys are described as covered with
dense pine forest, and are called Mukur-
niutu by the Kalmuck population. Luxu-
liant meadows, "displaying a marvellous
alpine Hora over old ground moraine-
deposits," were passed, and as the valley
WAS ascended errors in the Russian map
were discovered. Khan Tengri (23,622 ft.
approximately), the highest peak, should
have been seen, but was invisible : —
" All we learned by our excursion was
therefore only the confirmation of the
opinion previously suggested, namely, that
in this cardinal point the maps were all of
them at fault. The task therefore devolved
on us to determine the actual situation of
Khan Tengri."
To establish this the glaciers leading
up to the great peak were attacked with
varying success ; and many hardships and
disappointments had to be borne. During
the worst of winter a journey to Tashkent
for instruments and photographic mate-
rials was made, work being resumed in
April, 1903, when two valiant young Cos-
sacks were added to the party as escort
by the Governor-General, whilst a third,
by name Chernoff, who had been with
Sven Hedin, joined later. It is unneces-
sary at present to follow closely the
various journeys, but it is a pleasure to
record that eventually perseverance was
■crowned with success. Hopeful, though
anxious, the Doctor struggled up a for-
midable glacier till near its head, yet
Khan Tengri and its mystery were still
unrevealed : —
" Then, suddenly, something white began
to assume prominence — behind the black
edge of the promontory — nothing yet very
conspicuous, but with every step forward
the white object grew bigger and bigger.
A fine snowy summit, glittering in the sun,
appeared aloft, colossal white marble but-
tresses projecting from it ; a few steps
further, and a huge pyramid stood out freely,
its base also soon coming into view. The
giant mountain, tho monarch of the Tian-
Shan, revealed himself to my enraptured
gaze in all his naked majesty, from his feet
rooted in the glacier ice, up to his crown,
wrapped in sunlit shifting mists.... My
feelings at that moment baffled all descrip-
tion."
Many interesting and apparently correct
deductions are made from the discovery,
the results being fairly set forth on the
map provided, which even in its present
state will prove most valuable to
travellers.
Geographers will regret that so little
share in the exploration of those regions
lias fallen to the lot of Englishmen, who
have gone there chiefly for sport. The
defei t i- less remarkable in Russian 'I'm k i -
tan, but the hound.tr \ oi China li<
near Khan Tengri, east ol which then
no apparent reason why our countrymen
should not take their full share of tin-
work, lying SJ it docs immediately north
of the desert through which, by separate
routes. Col. Bell and ('apt. ¥ounghusband
made their way from 1'ekin in L887, and
on the other side of which Dr. Stein has,
under the Indian Government, been em-
ployed in unearthing sand-buried cities.
Although these regions are compara-
tively neglected by English geographers,
Americans, whose interest in the glacis of
our Indian outworks might naturally
be expected to be less, are working as
explorers. Thus Messrs. Barrett and
Huntington are now studying on the spot
the rivers east of Khotan which run into,
or are used up on the way to, the desert.
That waste bears traces of having once
been an inland sea, and the results of
their investigations compared with the
detailed reports of Sven Hedin and Dr.
Stein, should prove of unusual interest.
A defect of the volume is the translitera-
tion of native names, which is the more
strange because the Geographical Society
has adopted a reasonable system. It
might surely have insisted that a publica-
tion under its authority should follow this
mode of spelling ; and if that were a
stumbling-block to foreigners, assistance
could readily have been provided. The
point is more important than may be
immediately apparent, for correct trans-
literation often indicates the meaning of
native names and their pronunciation ;
and, again, the labour of trying to recon-
cile some combination of consonants im-
possible (in English) with any known native
name is superfluous. It can be avoided
in many ways, a good one being to record
the name on map or index in the native
character. In this book the trouble is
comparatively slight, showing merely a
want of finish, e.g., Uertenty in the text,
Wertento on the map ; Przhevalsk in the
text, Prjevalsk on the map ; but in other
books the evil is a stumbling-block and
hindrance to study. In this article the
author's spelling has in instances been
followed, even where it is probably wrong
from an English point of view.
The illustrations deserve special praise.
The frontispiece, Khan Tengri from the
south, the telephotographic view of the
same peak from the north, and the head
of the Saikal Valley are very fine ; whilst
the parting of Inylchek glacier suggests
the stately movement of masses of ice.
The book will lead readers to expect
much from the detailed report.
Undkr the punning title ,4 la Poursuite
d'une Ombre, Prof. Moye, of the University
of Montpellier, gives an interesting account
of the expedition sent out by tho Flammarion
Astronomical Society of that town to obsetf e
the total solar eclipse of la.st August. The
station selected whs Alcala do Chisbert.
in the province of Valencia, near the coast
about thirty miles to the north-east of
Castellon, where the totality lasted for threo
minutes and forty SSCO!i<i->. The .e unit
include* it sketch of th<- I .mu
.'. it 1 1< — « -« 1 at previous • -< • 1 1 1 ^ - • • - . and in
enriched «jth ■ number of illustrations, not
only of the. appearance of the phenomenon,
but iil-o of the town Of Alea! ■ rv-
Ulg party in a gTOOp,
KESEARCH NOTES
'I'm: dispute between M. Henri B
and Prof. Rutherford n- to the stop
the Alpha rays by thin sheets of aluminium
is now terminated hy the handsome acknow-
ledgment of the great French savant that hi-i
Canadian colleague's contention La justinV d.
As has been mentioned in these Notes
(Athenaeum, No. 40<i<i), M. Beoquerel has
always insisted that the pencil of Alpha H
was homogeneous, and that all the parti
composing it were equally (leviable in a
magnetic field. Prof. Rutherford, on the
other hand, stated (in The Phllosophirnl
Magazine for May, 1904) that, even when
exposed to a strong magnetic field, the pas-
sage of the jays through successive sheets
of aluminium caused a greater deviation,
thereby showing that they had slackened
in speed. This was supported by Prof.
Bragg and Mr. Kleeman, of Adelaide Uni-
versity, in papers published by them last
year. M. Becquerel now tells the Academie
des Sciences that, although his first experi-
ments showed no greater deviation in one
case than the other, those of which he now
gives details have led him to reverse his
former opinion, and conform throughout to
the fact announced by Prof. Rutherford.
This frank recantation by one of the most
honoured personalities of French science
will, as has here been said on a like occasion,
but strengthen the reliance in future of all
men of science upon the justness of his
experiments and deductions.
Without presuming to hint at any parallel
between the two cases, the writer of these
Notes also owes an apology to the readers
of them. On first reading M. Langevin's
essay on magnetism in the Journal de
Physique, he took the expression " Up
rayonnement electromagnetique ou lumi-
neux est ends chaque fois qu'un Electron
subit un changement de vitesse " to have
an alternative rather than an equivalent
meaning, and it was accordingly stated in
these Notes (Athenaeum, No. 4073) that M.
Langevin had laid down that an electro-
magnetic ray or a ray of light is given off
every time an electron changes speed. On
looking again at the passage he now sees
that he was wrong, and that M. Langevin
was referring to the amission of light-rays
when an electron receives an acceleration
only. The mistake is more to be regretted
as it found its way into the * Explanation
of Magnetism' appearing in The Athc >ia ion
two weeks later, and has been noticed by
both Sir Oliver Lodge and Mr. Norman Camp-
bell in their since-published letter-.
Although the statement cannot, as has
been seen, be justly fathered upon M.
Langevin, it does not follow, however, that
it has not a substantial foundation. That
the electron increasing in speed emits
light -rays is, indeed, " a scientific common-
place" which needs no further assertion. But
what happens when its speed is reduced ?
Does it then emit an electro-magnetic or
Hertzian wave 1 Apart from statements of
Dr. Larmor and Prof. J. J. Thomson, now
somewhat out of date, this is what Prof.
Fleming seems to imply when he says in his
Cantor Lectures (1901), " When damped oscil-
lations exist in any circuit, electric radiation
in the form of electric waves is given off." At
N* 4088, March 3, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
269
all events, Hertzian waves are evidently pro-
duced with much greater ease than was at
■one time supposed, Dr. Le Bon going so far
as to say that they accompany every electric
spark. But it is also his view that it is by
giving rise to visible and ultra-violet light,
to Hertzian waves, radiant heat, and the
like, that the electron parts with the energy
that distinguishes it from the ether into
which it returns when all its energy is ex-
pended. If the electron be looked upon as
a vortex in the ether, the case of a water-
spout sinking back into the ocean seems
^exactly analogous.
We must not, however, lose sight of the
fact that the electronic theory of matter is
but a hypothesis, mainly dependent upon
mathematical analysis, and supported only
by a few experiments, which are, moreover,
•capable of more than one interpretation.
On the one hand, we have assertions
like those just made by Prof. Alexander
Ziwet in his inaugural address to the
Physics Section at the New Orleans meet-
ing of the American Association, where he
iis reported to have said that the criticisms
of M. H. Poincare have left none of Newton's
" laws " valid except the principle of least
action. On the other, we have not only
the openness of mind shown by M. Poincare
Sumself in his excellently clear article in
this journal, but also the warnings, among
others, of Prof. Ch. Eugene Guye of Geneva.
In a very careful study of the electrical
•constitution of matter running through
the Journal de Chimie Physique of last
year, this scholar points out with great
force that the conclusions of Prof. J. J.
Thomson and others as to the speed and
-charge of the infra-atomic particles cannot
yet receive universal acceptance. Thus,
be argues, it is still possible for us to believe
that, instead of the electromagnetic inertia
being confined to the negative electron,
it may have its seat in its positive counter-
mart, which may be not larger, but very
much smaller than the other. This has been
•already mentioned in these Notes (AtJie-
ncEum, No. 4069), but some recent experi-
ments seem to make it worth while again
to call attention to it. In the same series
•of articles he also notes that the appearance
and properties of the cathode ray resemble
•extremely those of a much rarefied gas.
In this connexion may be noticed a remark-
able study by M. Sagnac, whose work upon
the secondary (or Sagnac) rays which result
when the Rontgen or X rays strike any frag-
ment of matter placed in their path has been
so instructive. He thinks, on the evidence of
many new experiments, that when this occurs
the Rontgen rays become not diffused, but
absolutely transformed ; and he points out
that this is perfectly consistent with the
older theory that the energy set free by the
disintegration of the atoms of bodies like
uranium and radium is produced by an
unknown radiation pervading all space, and
capable of penetrating most other substances
without visible effect. As if, too, to prevent
tins unknown radiation from being considered
merely hypothetical, Profs. Elster and
Oeitel have in late communications to the
Physikalische Zeitschrift stated that they
•find evidence of its existence everywhere,
and that to it they attribute the spontaneous
leak of a well-insulated electrometer at
most points of the earth's surface. They
speak of it as a very penetrating radiation
•of the apparent nature of the Gamma rays
«>f radium, and capable of piercing more
than twenty centimetres of lead. The one
substance that they have hitherto found
■capable of withstanding this radiation is
rock-Salt, their electroscope, when taken
uito the mine of that mineral at Hedwigs-
burg, showing a diminution in the leak of
28 per cent. In a later number of the same
publication Prof. A. Schmidt also takes up
again Prof. Mendeleeff's conception of the
ether as an excessively tenuous gas. He
calculates that the velocity of a body falling
upon the earth from infinity would be forty-
three kilometres per second. He equates this
with that assigned to the negative electrons
as possessing a two -thousandth part of the
mass of the hydrogen molecule, and suggests
that the attenuated atmosphere of inter-
stellar space may consist entirely of these.
Mr. Butler Burke has written to the
author of these Notes drawing attention
to certain points in the report of the Rontgen
Society's meeting lately summarized here
(Athenozum, No. 4085). The only one of
these which seems to make in his favour is
the fact that, while he described his own
" radiobes " as completely soluble, Mr.
Douglas Rudge would not make without
qualification the same assertion regarding
the similar growths produced by him from
barium, lead, and strontium. The real crux
of the matter is, of course, Mr. Rudge 's
statement that, if all sulphur be removed
from the gelatine, no growths, big or
little, can be produced. With regard to the
question of priority between Mr. Burke
and M. Dubois, Mr. Burke appears to
have thrown on the screen a drawing of M.
Dubois's cultures, and to have asserted —
unless he is wrongly reported — that they
were produced " by the action of barium
upon gelatin." This corresponds with the
remark made by Mr. Burke in the opening
paragraph of his communication to the
Liege Congress on Radiology, that " at
the beginning of Michaelmas Term last
October [i.e. 1904] I exhibited to a host of
people at the Cavendish and Pathological
Laboratories at Cambridge the first experi-
ments made on the action of radium salts
on sterilized bouillon." But this is not de-
cisive. So long ago as March 12th in that
year M. Raphael Dubois, in a communication
addressed to the Societe de Biologie, stated
that he had added a small quantity of
barium and radium chloride to a tube of
sterilized gelatine, and had found growths
to result ; that he had then tried barium
chloride alone, with virtually the same
results ; and that he was therefore not sure
that radio-activity had anything to do with
the action. These statements were after-
wards repeated more fully to the same
society on April 16th and 30th and May 1 1th,
and photographs of the growths were ex-
hibited, as any one may see from the Annales.
The nearest Mr. Burke has as yet got to
admitting this is the curiously inverted
statement in his Fortnightly article that
M. Dubois " admits [his eobes] are the same
as radiobes." But let him either say frankly
that M. Dubois has proved his title to priority
of discovery and publication, or — in the
alternative — state clearly in what his
" growths " differ from those discovered at
Lyons, and he will get rid at any rate of
one point against him. F. L.
DR. LE BON'S THEORIES OF MATTER.
Trinity College, Cambridge, Feb. 24th, 1906.
F. L. denies my statement that the
balance of scientific opinion is against Dr.
Le Bon, and quotes the approbation of
MM. Lucien Poincare, 1 last re, mid de Heen.
Perhaps he will inform us what work these
three gentlemen have done to justify their
selection as typical of the first rank of
physicists. He says that he knows of no
person except -Mr. Whetham niid myself
who havo openly condemned Dr. Lo Bon.
He has forgotten conveniently M. Becquerel,
the discoverer of radio-activity, whose
opinion of Dr. Le Bon, quoted by that
author himself, is that he has " n'aucune
idee des phenomenes de radio-activite."
F. L. adopts the extraordinary attitude that
the silence of the leaders of science towards
Dr. Le Bon implies their approval of his
work. Would F. L. interpret the silence
of scientific men on the subject of some
theories of the origin of life proposed recently
as evidence of their unanimous acceptance
of those theories ?
But I have the best authority for my
statement : I have that of Dr. Le Bon him-
self. Two chapters of his book are devoted
to pressing his claim to recognition as the
discoverer of general radio-activity : even
I give Dr. Le Bon credit for more sense than
would be shown by writing nineteen pages
to prove what nobody but Mr. Whetham
and I dispute. On p. 27 will be found the
following words : —
" Mes reeherches avaient ete, en effet, assez mal
aceueillies en France. Plusieurs des notes que
j'envoyais a l'Academie des Sciences provoquaient
de veritables tempetes. La plupart des membres
de la section de physique protestaient avee energie,
et les journaux scientitiques faisaient chorus. Nous
sommes tellement hierarehises, tellenient hypno-
tises et domestiques par notre enseignement ofticiel
que Pexpression d'idees independantes semble in-
tolerable."
Are these last the words of a recognized
man of science with the full approval of his
colleagues ? or are they the outpourings of
a disappointed jealousy ?
We know that the members of the
French Academy are always ready to confer
a mark of signal favour on any person
whose work they consider to be unjustly
depreciated : I have not heard that they
have as yet shown any recognition of Dr.
Le Bon.
F. L. has discovered four sentences in Dr.
Le Bon's book which cannot be called " vague
or inadequate." What further proof can be
required of the unexceptionable lucidity of
that author ? I may remark that I did not
state that Dr. Le Bon's vagueness was
intentional.
F. L. cites Dr. Le Bon's statement that
the action of thorium and uranium is due to
an emanation emitted by these substances,
and remarks that it may be accounted
another " lucky " guess in addition to those
with which I have already credited him.
I beg to differ. As far as the statement con-
cerned thorium, it was not a guess at all,
but a plain exposition of an ascertained
fact. The paper which F. L. quotes was
written in 1900, and Prof. Rutherford's
discovery of the thorium emanation and
his suggestion of its name were published on
the first day of that year in The Philosophical
Magazine. ' As far as the statement concerns
uranium, it was a singularly unlucky guess,
for subsequent investigation has proved
beyond doubt that uranium does not emit
an emanation.
But let us take the first definite statement
that F. L. quotes. Dr. Le Bon claims that
by the enunciation of that proposition he
has established his claim to the discovery
of the general radio-activity of matter. I
reply that it was a lucky guess -interesting
on that account, but without scientific value,
because at the time that it was first made
(i.e. IS'17. 366 p. 377) there was no evidence
for it, and since the time that if was made
Dr. Le Hon has produced no evidence for it.
That is my main contention. If P. L. wishes
to controvert it. let him put forward a concise
statement of a proof of that proposition
founded on any experiments before 1*97 or
on Dr. Le Hon's experiments since that date.
In order that the challenge may be fair, I
270
Til E ATI! ENiEUM
N 1088, Mukii 8, 1906
will, if I-'. |,. ili-.^iri-- it. compn - within 2<MI
words what 1 consider s tatisfactory proof
of the Minn' |>ro|M>Hiti«)ii, hused on tin- work
of invest igatora other than Dr. Le Hon.
P, L. is \' t\ free with In- accusation! of
ignorance. I do not require to be told by
him that besting ■ solid radium salt ftwuf
it to give off emanation more freer/; hut
I ImOW also that the heat dot* not affect the
process of radio-activity in the least : it
merely causes t he liherat ion from the pop loi
the solid of emanation that is already formed.
I am also accused, without the slightest
reason, of judging Dr. Le Bon without know-
ing all his work. I was an earnest student
oJ thai author's works two years before his
book appeared, and I believe that I have
read every won! that he has ever published
on physical questions.
F. L. has not referred to my vindication
of Mr. Whetham, and I suppose that he
admits its sufficiency. He now says that
Mr. Whetham's review was unfair because
it was based only on that portion of the
author's experiments which he describes as
" tres simples, et, par consequent, faciles a
repeter." F. L. apparently thinks that a
study of the other experiments would lead
to conviction ; but I may point out to him
that it is not customary in scientific circles
to consider an experiment the more con-
vincing because it is not " facile a repeter."
And surely, if he wants us to belive that Dr.
Le Bon has been so foolish as to omit from
his book his most important evidence, he
must adduce some proof of his statement.
F. L. wants the reasons of my disbelief in
Dr Le Bon's experiments. I consider all
his experiments on the increase of ionization
untrustworthy for the follow-ing reason. He
has attempted to measure the ionization in a
gas by determining the current through it :
now the current through a gas is a measure
of the ionization in it only when the current
is saturated. Dr. Le Bon has described no
precautions to ascertain that his current was
saturated, and in many of his experiments
performed in unclosed vessels it is impossible
that it should have been. I also consider
all the experiments in which he professes to
have proved the existence of an emanation
untrustworthy because he has never applied
the well-known and simple test to distinguish
an emanation from a gas ionized from outside.
When F. L. has disposed of these objections
he shall have more.
But F. L. wants a definite instance : he
shall have one. Dr. Le Bon stated that
the hydration of quinine sulphate and
certain other chemical reactions caused the
surrounding air to be ionized. I have never
disputed this : it is very probable, for many
similar observations have been made during
the last hundred years. But he also stated
that these actions caused the emission of
rays capable of penetrating considerable
thicknesses of metal. This, if it were true,
would be most important, for it would
practically prove that the substances con-
cerned were radio-active. Miss Gates has
proved abundantly that the statement is
not true for quinine sulphate, and her con-
clusions are confirmed by the work of
Kalahne. F. L. does not seem to under-
stand the importance of the distinction
between the two statements (1) that the
actions ionize the air immediately over the
surface of the substances concerned, and
(2) that they cause the emission of penetrat-
ing rays.
I investigated some of the cases given by
Dr. Le Bon, and came to the conclusion
that there were no rays given off with pro-
perties in the least similar to those emittod
in radio-activity ; and that the effect pro-
duced by the action on the other side of a
Hiatal wall uus probably due to the ohange
of temperature of the wall caused by toe
luat of then-action, To this criticism Dr.
Le Bon replied in • most remarkable pes
(p. .'h~».'l). He says that he never denied the
effect of ohange of temperature in incree
the ionization an interesting statement, hut
at present irrelevant. Hut a change of
temperature cannot he the sole cause ; for,
firstly, there an! actions which cause no
increase of temperature and yet cause the
increase of ionization : the example- be
gives are the presence of lift quinine sulphate
and the oxidation of phosphorus ! (Dr.
Le Bon was wise not to include this experi-
ment in his hook : an oxidation of phos-
phorus which causes no evolution of heat is
certainly not an experiment " facile a
repeter.") And, secondly, there are actions
which cause an increase of temperature, but
no increase of ionization. Will F. L. kindly
explain the logical connexion between the
following statements found on one page of
Dr. Le Bon's book ? —
(a) Increase of temperature causes in-
crease of ionization.
(6) Oxidizing sodium causes increase of
temperature.
(c) Oxidizing sodium causes no increase of
ionization.
It is a doubtful point which is the more
admirable — Dr. Le Bon's fearless contempt
of facts shown in the first part of his argu-
ment, or his equally bold disregard of logic
displayed in the second. But either virtue
seems rather superfluous in one who claims
to be recognized as the author of the most
important theory of modern physics.
F. L. has probably now enough definite
matter for refutation to occupy his next
letter.
I cannot hope to equal the delightful
suavity of F. L.'s last paragraph. He first
accuses me of adopting the transparent
device of abusing the plaintiff's attorney.
The device may be transparent, but it is
often legitimate. If I can show that Dr.
Le Bon's most prominent champion in
England (F. L. will not quarrel with that
title) is so ignorant of elementary physics
that he thinks the discovery that an electric
spark causes the emission of electromagnetic
waves was made six years ago, surely I shall
establish a presumption that the cause
which has such a chief supporter is not to be
accepted without further inquiry.
From his accusation of sharp practice
F. L. proceeds gratuitously to what is
perhaps the gravest insult that can be
offered to any one who wishes to be thought
a man of science. He insinuates that my
disinterestedness is assumed, that the affec-
tation of it is a lie, and that my real object
in attacking Dr. Le Bon is not the exposure
of error, but the establishment of my own
claim to priority over that gentleman. I
deny that I have any claim of the sort ;
but no doubt F. L. has strong evidence for
such a libel as he has put forward. I shall
be glad to hear it in his next letter.
Not content with insulting me, he must
level cheap sneers at the " opinion of the
Cavendish Laboratory." That institution
has no collective opinion other than that
which is the sum of the individual opinion
of its members, of whom I am proud to be
one. I have never pretended to speak for
the " Cavendish " : my letter was not dated
therefrom ; no single member saw it before
it was published : F. L. has no right to bring
it into the controversy at all : its name has
been taken in vain too often of late. My
letter was signed with my own name, and
speaks for no one but myself. But I should
be glad to know why F. L. sneers at the
Cavendish Laboratory. He has appealed
to the hslsnce of scientific opinion \ does he>
nally deny that the worker* in that lahora-
i.iv represent in the mam the opinions of
the serious Scientific world I
Ainl what doe- |-\ I., mean by his sneer
at my " fellow-workers " ? To whom doe*
he refer ! These anonymous insinuations
are unworthy of the columns of Tfie AOtc-
na urn. I demand that the rei- ■ hall
either be made more explicit or el^- with-
drawn unreservedly.
Hut F. L. will have to preface his next
letter with BO many apologies that I must.
OOCupy no more of your B]
Norma* R. Campbell.
SO [ETIES.
Linnkan.— /H. 1.1.— Dr. A. Smith Wood* i
V. P. , in the chair.— Miss \. K. Layard, Mr. F.
Morcy, and Mr. A. E. Bousfield Steams were-
elected Fellows. — ]>r. H. C Bastian gave a lantern
demonstration i f the developmental changes in
Zooglcea. — A paper by Mi. J. J. Simpson on 'The
Structure of Ins hippuru (Linnsns), was read in
abstract by the Zoological Secretary. — Prof.
Stewart and Prof. Denny contributed some re-
marks.— The last paper was by Mr. B. Dayd<<n.
Jackson, entitled ' Note on the Distribution of
the Genus Shortia, Torr. & Gray.'
British Akch.koi.ocical Association. — Ft)/. 21.
— Mr. R. H. Forster, Hon. Treasurer, in the chair.
— Mr. Andrew Oliver gave an address dealing
with the memories and associations connected with
the old buildings of the Strand and 'Whitehall.
Of the royal palaces and the stately mansions of
the nobility which once lined the river bank there-
are but few traces now remaining. The Banqueting
House at Whitehall, the water gate of Buckingham
House, the chapel of the Savoy, and the water
gate of Essex House, at the end of Essex Street,
still exist, and, with the names of the streets-
which cover the sites of the demolished buildings,
serve to recall the historic associations of this-
ancient thoroughfare of the Strand. The lecture-
was illustrated by photographic reproductions of
maps, prints, and engravings from Mr. Oliver's-
extensive collection of old London views. — Mr.
Emanuel Green, Mr. S. \V. Kershaw, the Rev.
W. S. Lach-Szyrma, Mr. Compton, and others
took part in the discussion which followed.
Hellenic. — Feb. 20. — Prof. Percy Gardner in
the chair. — Mr. EL Norman Gardiner read an
illustrated paper on ' Heracles the Pancratiast/
In Greek tradition and literature Heracles is
regarded as the ideal paneratiast. and this tradi-
tion is utilized by the Greek vase-painters, who,,
in the hero's conflicts w it li the giants and monsters-
from whom it was his mission to rid the world,,
represent him as the trained athlete triumphing
over undisciplined brute force. The pancration inj
the sixth and fifth centuries seems t i have been
truly a contest of skill, the closest modern analogy
to it being afforded by the Japanese jiu-jitsu.
Like the latter, its object was to force an opponent
to acknowledge defeat, and to secure this end
almost all means were allowed. There is no-
authority even for the popular idea that hitting,
with the tist, or bitting a man on the ground, was-
not allowed. Like jiu-jitsu, the pancration was
systematically taught, and regulated by fixed!
rules ; and the absence of serious accidents in it,
when compared with lx>xing, suggests that the
tendency to brutality inherent in such contests
was, in the K-st age of Greek athletics, kept in
check by the Greek love of order and reason.
Naturally such a contest degenerated under the
influence <>f professionalism and specialization, and
the deterioration can be traced in the change in
the physical type of Heracles. Pindar, who-
regards Heracles as the typical pancratiast,
describes him as " little of stature, but invincible
of spirit." and he owes his victories not to brute-
force, hut to science. The representations of the
hero in early art agree with this description.
Heracles differs little from the typical athlete of
Pcloponnesian art, and on the vases he prevails
over his monstrous opponents by the skill of the
N°4088, March 3, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
271
palaestra. There is little in common between this
-type and the over-development of the Farnese
Heracles, the product of a false athleticism which
made athletics the object of life for the few and a
spectacle for the many — Among those who took
part in the discussion were Mr. G. F. Hill, Prof.
Ernest Gardner, Mr. F. E. Thompson, the Chair-
man, Mr. L. Dyer, and Mr. J. Baker-Penoyre.
British Numismatic. — Feb. 21. — Mr. Carlyon-
Britton, President, in the chair. — Sir Owen
Roberts, Dr. Andrew Lang, Prof. Liebermann, the
Rev. C. K. Henderson, Dr. E. C. Carter, and
Messrs. W. Day, E. Gerrish, D. Proskey, and
S. S. Stanley were elected Members. — Mr. H.
Alexander Parsons read a paper on ' Art and the
Coins of England,' in which he traced and com-
pared the varied influences which had determined
the designs and workmanship of our coinage from
its origin to the present day. The writer dealt
"with a very complicated subject in a clear and
logical manner, showing how the art of our money
Las been affected by every great constitutional
Tipheaval of the dominant races of Europe. Finally,
lie regretted that our present currency was of little
value from either the artistic or historical point of
view, but believed that the conservation of its
designs was due to the action of those responsible
for their adoption, and not to any lack of artistic
talent in the country. Mr. Parsons illustrated his
paper by the exhibition of numerous coins of the
various periods. — Mr. Bernard Roth contributed
.an account of three early British coins which he
■exhibited, namely, a stater of Epaticcus found at
Witney, Oxon, Evans, viii. 12 ; a stater of Dum-
novellaunos somewhat similar to Evans, obv.
xxiii. 14, rev. xvii. 11 or 12; and an example in
silver of the same prince, which is the only
specimen known in that metal. The two coins
last mentioned were found at Ferrytown, Lincoln-
shire—Presentations were made to the Society's
library by Dr. J. B. Hurry and Prof. Alexis de
Markoff and Major Freer. — Mr. J. B. Caldecott
and Mr. Lawrence exhibited various rare coins and
medals.
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Mon.
Royal Academy, 4.— 'The Evolution of Sculpture : Egypt and
Greece,' Lecture II., Sir W. B. Richmond.
— Royal Institution, 5.— General Monthly Meeting.
— Society of Engineers, 7.30 —' Submerged Chain-Cable Groynes,'
Mr. R. G. Allanson-Winn.
— Aristotelian, 8.— 'Self and Objectivity,' Mr. F. Tavani.
Tuns. Royal Institution, 5.—' Food and Nutrition,' Lecture V.,
Prof. W. Stirling.
•- Institution of Civil Engineers, 8.— Discussion on ' A Plea for
Better Country Roads' and 'Country Roads for Modern
Traffic.'
— Society of Arts, 8.—' Imperial Questions in the West Indies,'
Sir Revile Lubbock.
— Zoological. 8.30.
Wed. Dante, s.30.— ' The Vita Nuova as a Love Story,' Mr. Justin H.
McCarthy.
— Archaeological Institute. 4. — ' On Low Set Openings in Danish
sad other Scandinavian Chinches,' Mr. A. P. Boyson.
— Entomological, s.—' On the late Prof. Packard's Paper on the
Origin of Markings of Organisms,' Mr. II. Eltringham.
•— Geological. 8. — ' On the Occurrence of Limestone of the Lower
Carboniferous Series in the Cannock Chase Portion of the
South Staffordshire Coalfield,' Mr. G. Marmaduke Cockin ;
'Liassic Dentaliidie,' Mr. LinsdaU Richardson.
— Society of Arts, 8.— 'Art in Painting anil Photography,' Mr.
.1. C. Dolhnan.
Turns. Royal Academy, 4.— 'The Evolution of Sculpture: Egypt and
Greece.' Lecture III., Sir W. IS. Richmond.
— Royal, 4.30.
— Royal Institution, 5— 'The Physiology of Plants,' Lecture II.,
Mr. F. Darwin.
— Institution of Electrical Engineers, 8.—' A New Single Phase
Commutator Motor,' Mr. v. A. Fynn.
Society of Antiquaries, 8.30.
Astronomical, 5.
Institution of Civil Engineers, 8. — 'The Design of a Two-
Hinged Spandrel-Braced Steel Arch,' Mr. R. Freeman
iStudents' Meeting.)
Physical. 8.-' The Velocities of the Ions of Alkali Salt Vapours
at High Temperatures,' Prof. II. A. Wilson; Some Experi-
ments on Earth Currents at Kew Observatory,' I>r Haiker
Royal Institution, 9.— Some Dietetic Problems,' Dr. R.
Hutchison,
Fk..
Sir.
Royal Institution, 3— 'The CorpuscularTheory of Matter,'
Lecture II., Prof. J. J. Thomson.
%cuntt (Gossip.
Continuing out series of articles by ex-
perts, we shall publish next week some
remarks on ' Helium and the Transmutation
of Elements ' by Sir William Ramsay.
The death of Mr. William Cunnington, at
the ripe ago of ninety-two, severs a link
with a past generation of geologists and
archaeologists. More than half a century
ago his name appeared on the roll of
Fellows of the Geological Society ; and his
enthusiastic study of geology, especially
of the Cretaceous fossils of Wiltshire, is
attested by the important collections which
he made. Some of these are preserved in
the British Museum, others in the Museum
of Practical Geology, and others, again, in
the Museum at Devizes — an institution of
which he was for many years the honorary
curator. He was the grandson of William
Cunnington, the well-known Wiltshire anti-
quary, who was the friend of Sir Richard
Colt Hoare and of William Smith, " the
father of English geology."
We also regret to announce the death, in
the seventy-second year of his age, of the
distinguished astronomer and physicist,
Prof. Samuel Pierpont Langley, who had
been for twenty years Director of the
Allegheny Observatory, and was well known
for his researches in solar physics, and his
invention and application of an instrument
called the bolometer for the measurement
of the heat of the sun's rays. He was
elected an Associate of the Royal Astro-
nomical Society in 1883, and received many
distinctions at home and abroad in the way
of medals and degrees. Since 1887 he had
been Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion. He was born at Roxbury, Boston, on
August 22nd, 1834, and began as an archi-
tect and civil engineer, but found his true
bent as Assistant at the Harvard Observa-
tory in 1865. Besides numerous scientific
papers and articles he was author of ' The
New Astronomy ' ; ' Researches on Solar
Heat ' ; ' Experiments in Aerodynamics ' ;
and ' The Internal Work of the Wind. '
Thbee new small planets are announced
from the Konigstuhl Observatory, Heidel-
berg, photographically registered on the
16th ult. — two by Prof. Max Wolf, and one
by Herr A. Kopff. Several of the most
recent discoveries have been visually ob-
served by Dr. J. Palisa at Vienna.
Twenty-five new variable stars have
been detected at the Harvard College Obser
vatory as the result of an examination by
Miss Henrietta S. Leavitt of plates taken
with the 24-inch Bruce telescope. Six of
these are in the constellation Orion, three in
Virgo, fifteen in Cygnus, and one in Pegasus.
None of them exceeds 10| magnitude when
brightest ; one in Cygnus varies between
10£ and 12£, and another, which is of the
twelfth magnitude when brightest, sinks
below 15| when faintest. As only one new
variable has hitherto been announced this
year (as mentioned in our ' Science Gossip ' on
the 3rd ult.), the last of the above twenty-
five stars will be reckoned as var. 26, 1906,
Pegasi. The positions of the new variables
in the small Magellanic Cloud have been
measured, and observations of their bright-
nesses are in progress with a view to deter-
mining their light-curves. A series of
excellent plates covering the large Magel-
lanic Cloud has been received, and a pre-
liminary examination shows that it also
contains variable stars in great numbers.
The study of this region is being carried on
simultaneously with that of the small
Magellanic Cloud, which evidently contains
variables besides those already announced.
Giacobini's last comet (c, 1905) is now,
according to Herr Wedemeyer's ephemeris,
in the north-western part of the constella-
tion Cetus ; it will be about 2° due south of
y Ceti on the 14th inst., and very near a Ceti
on the 20th, moving towards Taurus. Its
brightness now is about equal to that at the
time of discovery, but will have dimi-
nished to a quarter of that by the end of the
month. M. Giacobini himself states that it
was well visible to the naked eye at Nice
during the first week in January, notwith-
standing the bright moonlight ; the nucleus I
was between the second and third magnitudes,
and the tail more than a degree in length.
The nearest approach to the earth was on
the 6th of that month, the distance being
about 100,000,000 miles.
Brooks's new comet (a, 1906) is now about
half as bright as at the time of discovery,
situated in the constellation Camelopardus,
and moving slowly in a south-westerly
direction. Its position for to-night is
R.A. 5h. 50m., N.P.D. 25° 0'.
M. Adolphe Gutllot, who died last week
at Saint-Jean-de-Luz, after a long illness,
was at one time a juge d instruction at Paris,
where he was born on April 25th, 1836. His
first important work was issued in 1860 with
the title ' Examen du Pro jet de Loi sur la
Propriete Litteraire ' ; ten years later he
published a work dealing with ' Les Vols
commis a la Bibliotheque de Troyes et aux
Archives Departementales de l'Aube,' but
perhaps his publications which attracted
most general notice were ' Paris qui Souffre '
(1887) and 'Les Prisons de Paris et les
Prisonniers ' (1890). He was elected a
member of the Academie des Sciences
Morales et Politiques on April 9th, 1892, in
succession to M. Baudrillart.
FINE ARTS
ENGLISH FURNITURE.
A History of English Furniture : the Age
of Walnut. By Percy Macquoid. (Law-
rence & Bullen.)— This is the second volume
of Mr. Macquoid's comprehensive history,
and covers a period between 1650 and 1720
or thereabouts. As about the opening of
that era oak was giving way in some impor-
tant particulars to walnut, Mr. Macquoid
has, with a passion for neat classification,
dubbed his account ' The Age of Walnut.
Roughly, we may say that walnut was
taken en route to mahogany. When furni-
ture began to get less massive and ample,
some other wood than oak was necessary,
and was found in walnut, which made its
appearance in the time of the Common-
wealth. The worm, as Mr. Macquoid points
out, killed walnut as a fashion in the eigh-
teenth century, and mahogany became the
mode. As yet mahogany has not been
superseded in its sphere. Mr. Macquoid
says that with Cromwell died
"the simple taste that, owing to dearth of
imagination, had gradually drifted into the com-
monplace. Had this taste continued, the evolu-
tion must have been devoid of artistic interest,
and would have added no rung in the ladder ot the
beautiful, as the initial motives were not founded
on true principles."
This is a little difficult to understand. The
austerity of the Puritan regime undoubtedly
helped to break up the pomposity of Eliza-
bethan structures. Its simplicity was a
refining and educating influence, which
prepared the way for the eventual elegance
of the eighteenth century. As in politics
and in morals, so in taste the Restoration
produced an excessive voluptuousness in
reaction, but the submerged principles
reasserted themselves in due course. Mr.
Macquoid himself remarks that towards
tho end of the seventeenth century the
best details and nobility of proportion m
Elizabethan decoration and furniture dis-
appeared, giving way to the somewhat
exaggerated mouldings and contrast edcun ea
prompted by the vagaries of the Italian
artists." The Restoration had its ndmiraulo
points, but extravagance of decoration was
not one of them. That fashion ebbed out
towards tho Georgian period, and left HW
•.•:••
Til E ATH KWKIM
N 1088, Mai.-, m :;, \Uor,
r»»i<l free for Chippendale's ^ri'iii revolution.
Yet bon long timt revolution had bwn in
prsparat ion mii\ i»- judged by the inspection
of iiiim\ oi tlu< lat«-r Stuarl pn..~ .•! fund
turr illustrated here, as, for example, the
walnut settees |Mct un<l in chap. viii. There
•in- manj ol the refined features developed
iit.r by Chippendale, 1 1 • « - absence of orna-
ment, and tli" attention to form, even to
the cabriole leg, the claw and hall, and the
simple ami elegant contours of the back.
Mr. Edacquoid's work is accomplished
with great skill and knowledge. His chief
defect is that ho has no apparent philosophy
as a setting for his studies, which would
link up the craft of furniture-making with
OrgaiUC history. He is, however, extremely
well informed in details, and has a good
sound taste. Nor can we praise too highly
the chic with which he has collected his
many illustrations from various sources.
Mr. Shirley siocomhe has again reproduced
in colour some wonderful pictures which
bring tie furniture before us as vividly as if
we lived with it ; and, this being the epoch
of rich marqueterie, he has a pay field for
his brush. It is extremely interesting to
know timt so far back as 1689 japanning (or
lacquering) was taught to young ladies.
Mr. Macquoid quotes, from a letter by Ed-
mund Verney to his young daughter Molly,
at school, what is worth reproducing : —
•• I 6nd yon have a desire to learn to japan, as
you call it, and 1 approve of it ; and so I shall of
anything that is good and virtuous, therefore
learn in <;<>d's name all gootl things, and I will
willingly Ik' at the Charge so farr as I am able —
tho' they < same from Japan and from never so farr
and Looke of an Indian Hue, and odour, for I
admire all accomplishments that will render you
oensiderable and lovely in the sight of God and
man."
Admirable father, whose pious aspirations,
we hope, were adequately fulfilled !
English Furniture. By F. S. Robinson.
(Methuen & Co.)— In the flood of books
written about old furniture of recent years
Mr. Rohinson's treatise stands out signally.
It is too soon to compare it with the
elaborate history of English furniture which
we notice above ; but it is easily
first among the books on the subject
in our time. The survey is complete in
general, and is copiously supplied with
detail. Indeed, it is open to the objection
that Mr. Robinson devotes too much atten-
tion and space to particular examples of
art. He describes with scrupulous care and
(one feels) with affection this table or that
chest, sometimes without contributing a
proportionate enlightenment to the reader.
There is another fault we have to find, and
then we have done. The numerous collo-
type illustrations are an annexe to the
text, and are not inserted in it. There was
doubtless good reason for this from a
technical point of view, but it detracts
from the usefulness of a book of this sort
when the student has to refer constantly
to the hack parts to let his eye assist his
mind. We may say at once that the illus-
trations, though not on the scale of magni-
ficence reached by those in Mr. Macquoid's
book, are well chosen and handsome.
There are also a very careful descriptive
list of illustrations, a useful bibliography,
and an index of names.
Furniture, of course, as we know it, is a
modern invention. We are singularly ignor-
ant of ancient furniture, though we have
book knowledge of what graced the houses
of the Greeks and Romans. We hardly
know anything of the beginnings of our own
D dive furniture. Articles of the Anglo-Saxon
or Norman period aro very rare. A casket
ia the British Museum carved in whale's
hone i^ aknOSl our only key to the pit
Norman arts and eialt -. Mr. Kobn
remarks on th>- disappointing fact that
royal palaces do not contain the examples
that might be expected. This is, of eour . .
because they are not museums, or at I
wen- not museums in older days. What
was out of date was probably relegated
to the lumber-room to make room for new
fashioned articles. And the servants of the
bong have invariably had then perquisites,
which enables, for example, Mr. Robinson
to traps a Chippendale cabinet out of
George ll.'s household to a modern possessor.
Mr. Robinson devotes a great deal of space
and learning to early furniture, and he
has a fund of lore to draw on regarding oak.
Hut the real art of furniture began virtu-
ally when oak was superseded. In judging
of the taste of a writer on furniture as apart
from his lore, one naturally turns to his
treatment of the masters, Chippendale and
Heppelwhite and Sheraton. Mr. Robin-
son's handling of them is admirable. He sees
the greatness of the one, and the grace and
variety of the others. Chippendale's accom-
lishment is
"that he took the main shapes as he found them,
somewhat plain and severe; he left them decidedly
better proportioned, lighter, more decorative, yet
not less useful than they were. The ideas reduce
themselves to a matter of artistic ' feeling,' a sense
of proportion which recognizes, for instance, that
the breadth of a chair splat is too great or too
little for the empty spaces on each side of it. It
seems a small affair, this ; hut such affairs make all
the difference hetween the ugh' and the beautiful."
This is essentially just, as are the author's
remarks on Sheraton's later work. That
this was disadvantageously affected by the
excesses of the Empire style is obvious,
and Mr. Robinson prefers to think that in
his last designs Sheraton was deliberately
following a fashion, rather than inventing
in good faith. The elegance of Empire
costume (which also had its excesses in
les merveilleuses and the like) was not
matched by the grandiosity of the crafts
of the day ; and after the Empire came the
deluge. Fortunately, the historians of furni-
ture stop at this dreadful epoch, being out
of breath, or, perhaps, merely out of heart.
It is odd that, appreciative of good work
as we are to-day, there has been no original
impulse in our generation. We confine
ourselves to careful and excellent revivals
of old models, and the exhibitions of arts
and crafts have not yet been productive of
a school. Mr. Robinson's book is indispens-
able to a connoisseur.
ART AND ARTISTS.
Selected Drawings from the Old Masters
in the University Galleries and in the Library
at Christchurch, Oxford. Chosen and described
by Sidney Colvin. Part IV. (Oxford, Cla-
rendon Press.) — Mr. Sidney Colvin has by
no means exhausted the treasures of these
collections, and the series of portfolios keeps
up its high standard of quality in every way.
We have already in regard to previous num-
bers said much concerning the scrupulous
care with which these reproductions are
made, and the admirablo taste with which
they are displayed, and we need only add
of the present part that it does not fall short
of its predecessors. The selection is again
of the most varied interest.
The volume opens with a head of heroic
sizo from Leonardo's cartoon of ' The Battle
of tho Anghiari.' So full of life is this — so
instinct with the " bestial madness of battle,"
to adopt Leonardo's own words — that one
cannot wonder that Mr. Colvin was tempted
to follow Richardson, itK former owner, in
the supposition that her>- at least •
fragment laved from the wreck ot Leonard
great enterprise. But more prol< ,<i\
convinced Mr. Colvin that so fascinating a
theory must be given up, and that it n
be regarded as one of those nun*
winch the younger generation of ar'
made before the cartoon gave pi
\ H ( sari's bombastic We think he
is right in this caution- estimate of what
remains a very remarkable and inter-
esting document. Another larg >n,
very highly finished, is presented in th<-
Second plate of a Madonna and Child by
GKanpietrino. It has all the merit-, and
misses some of the defects, of his paintii
Much more original and more vital
Sodoma's brilliant drawing (plate hi. ), though
marred by his inveterate slovenliness.
Then follow two sheets of those vapid
Aktstudien which Filippino and his scholars
turned out in such quantities, and which
seem to have had the good fortune to sur-
vive when better work perished. But these
sheets are good examples of his later style*
especially the second, on which there occurs-
one of those farouche figures which we see
in Filippino's latest frescoes, and which
recall Piero di Cosimo's style. Next come-
a noble study of a horse by Michelangelo andl
a sheet of first ideas for ' Samson and the
Philistines.' Then we have a celebrated
drawing adequately reproduced for the fir>t
time, the well-known head of Raphael bjr
Viti, or, as some think, an early work by
Raphael presenting some unknown youth.
Mr. Colvin wisely leaves the question open.
We rather incline to the Viti hypothesis. It
does not seem to us decidedly finer in quality
than several of the heads that are now, by
common consent, given to Viti.
The next drawing, for part of a composi-
tion of the Last Supper, is clearly a work —
and a beautiful one — of Raphael's Floren-
tine period. The line work is exquisite, but
the touching-in of the high lights with white
seems to us unsatisfactory. Without ex-
amining the original one cannot tell, but it
seems to us possible that they are an addition
by another hand. Mr. Colvin restores to
Raphael a drawing of men fighting which i-
connected with a grisaille in the fresco of
' The School of Athens.' We find also a
brilliant impressionist study by Correggio-
in which Mr. Colvin — rightly, we think —
sees the germ of the idea of ' The Madonna
with St. Jerome ' at Parma. Two admirable,
but slight pen drawings by Titian complete
the Italians.
A number of grotesques in the manner of
Jerome Bosch next attract our attention. Are-
they, we wonder, certainly by him ? They
scarcely seem to have the intensity and
verve of his touch as judged by the authentic-
paintings. Two slight, but none the less
intensely moving and significant Rembrandt s-
follow — the figure of John the Baptist kneel-
ing for execution, and ' The Woman of
Samaria ' ; then a lovely landscape by l he-
same hand, also of fine quality. A Spagno-
letto sanguine, a delicious wash drawing by
Nicholas Poussin. and a most interesting
allegorical design by Watteau complete the
series. The Watteau. though engraved by
CayluS, is. we believe, a discovery, and a
most interesting one. It represents Watteau
escaping from Neptune, that is to say.
landing in France aftc^r a bad Channel
crossing, on return from his unhappy visit
to England in 172th Mr. Colvin's descrip-
tive notes are, as usual, admirable ; tiny
are just, concise, and scholarly.
Sam Bough, K.S.A. By the late Sidney
Gilpin. (Btdl ft Sons.) — Sam Bough was-
not a great artist, but he was a very genuine-
N° 4088, March 3, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
273
and talented one, and it is possible that his
unpretentious and direct interpretations of
certain aspects of nature will continue to
give a certain mild pleasure when bigger-
sounding names are forgotten. So we may
well be glad that the outlines of his cha-
racter and a list of his exhibited works are
ihere placed on record. At the same time
-we cannot help thinking that a much
shorter biography would have satisfied the
"world at large. Bough's companions were
for the most part people of only temporary
sand local importance, and his letters
teem with allusions no longer intelligible
to the public. Nor are these documents
remarkable except for the constant recur-
rence of a certain breezy jocularity, which
•doubtless was delightful to those who were
in a position to appreciate the point of it.
The funny stories and rudely smart or
humorous sayings are, to tell the truth,
pointless now, and the artist had apparently
no general intellectual or even artistic
interests to bring him into touch with later
times. His life is, in fact, entirely pro-
vincial, and his whole attitude that of a
jovial Bohemian Philistinism. It is, how-
ever, interesting to get a glimpse of the
peculiar kind of pothouse Bohemianism
which was considered the correct thing for
an artist in the middle of the last century.
Bough was evidently a jolly, roistering,
kindly, practical-joking sort of a fellow
who didn't care a doit for anybody, and
took the first opportunity of saying so ;
but we are none the less rather glad that
this type of Bohemianism is no longer so
popular as it once was.
Jean Dominique Ingres : Twenty-Four
Reproductions in Photogravure. With Mono-
graph by Arsene Alexandre. " Art Life
Monographs." (Hodder & Stoughton.) —
Ingres's reputation has grown rapidly of
late, and as much on this as on the
other side of the Channel, so that one is
no longer surprised, though one is glad, to
see him made the subject of a popular
monograph. The essay which M. Arsene
Alexandre contributes is lively, and calcu-
lated to stimulate interest, though it scarcely
amounts to a serious or illuminating study
of Ingres's character and position. The
reproductions are excellent, though the
selection might well have been improved.
His large compositions are not well typified
by the too well-known ' Apotheosis of
Homer,' which, in spite of great qualities,
can hardly be counted a success. What
a pity, then, that, instead of this, we were
not privileged to have reproductions of his
little-known and far greater designs, ' The
Age of Stone ' and ' The Age of Gold,' at
Dampierre ! Among the studies reproduced
we should have liked more of the character
of the superb nudes on plate 8, instead of
such an excessive number of portrait
•drawings in pencil. Not that these have
not great beauty, but they are both more
familiar, and less important for the true
appreciation of Ingres's greatness as a
lineal designer, than his studies for heroic
compositions.
THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION
AT THE NEW GALLERY.
SECOND SECTION.
The second section of the International
Exhibition is the turn of the "gravers."
The sculpture remains as before, and there
are now works in water colour, pastels,
drawings, etchings, lithographs, engravings,
*,nd colour prints, almost every form of
modern artistic representation being in-
cluded with the exception of oil painting.
Meunier and Forain, Menzel and Hans Thoma
— to name but a few instances out of many —
travel along very divergent paths. The
works are so diversified as to render nugatory
any attempt at generalization. It is not
one exhibition, but many, and it must be
seen in section, and we could wish that the
limitations of space had allowed this to be
done at length.
The South Room is entirely given up to
the works of French artists. The German
works, some French, and a few others, are
in the West Room ; the North Room
contains American, Dutch, and English
work ; but in the Balcony the system of
arrangement is less obvious. If it had been
found possible to group together all the
colour prints and lithographs, it would have
added to their value for the student.
There seems to be a want of proportion
between the amount of English landscape
work in water colour judged as a repre-
sentative selection, and that of other
countries. One of Jozef Israels's two small
sketches in that medium, representing a girl
sitting on a grassy slope and looking out to
sea, On the Alert, is very soft and delicate in
feeling ; and a small landscape by Robert
Sterl, entitled Early Spring, has charming
passages of colour. There are several by
the late Camille Pissarro, and a few more ;
but as against these may be mentioned,
among others, a characteristic series of
twenty sketches by Mr. Brabazon, of which
the Nice and the Side Canal, Venice, seem
most effective ; five of Mr. Bertram Priest-
man's low-toned harmonies with meadows,
rivers, and cloudy skies ; and half a dozen
slight but effective studies of bridges and
sea parades by Mr. Mann Livens.
The proportion is reversed with the other
forms of art represented. The English
works are comparatively few, and somewhat
disappointing in quality, though there are
several exceptions, notably Mr. Swan's
studies of wild animals, especially the
Jaguars Eating, and a lithograph in chiar-
oscuro by Mr. Shannon, The Breakwater,
which shows his steady growth of power in
free plastic treatment of form. A large
panel in water colour on silk by Mr. Charles
Conder is very successful in colour and
design, and marks a return to his earlier
and more decorative manner. A pastel by
Mr. Alfred Withers, a study of an old mill,
Oloron Ste. Marie, attracts notice by its
striking fidelity of colour ; and we may
also mention the delicate wood engravings
of Mr. J. J. Guthrie, and two delightful
colour prints, Autumn and Bullfinches, by
Mr. Allan W. Seaby.
The German section is compounded of
sterner stuff. It is retrospective in scope
as well as a record of present performance.
The inclusion of over fifty works by Menzel,
of drawings by Bocklin, of lithographs and
etchings by Hans Thoma, Max Klinger, and
Max Liebermann, renders it representative
of some of the more noteworthy tendencies
of German art. Menzel was pre-eminently
a naturalist in art, and his work is rich in
variety. The etching Das Letzte shows his
mastery of line ; the gouache Straszenccke
bei Mondschein, with the figures looking out
into the night from the lamplit room,
suggests sonvething of his skill in effective
composition and harmony of tones.
The portrait sketches in water colour are
triumphs of characterization. In the Von
Kunowski, the Knerk, and the Grdfin von
Oriolla he has depicted national types witli
a precision of line, a freedom and vigour of
handling, which approach Lenbach in
dignity and fidelity 01 result.
Among the drawings by Bocklin is a very
spirited study for a picture of a Siren, No 252,
and of the rest the Arcadia is very facile in
structural suggestions in the rounded limbs
of the children ; but the selection is not
fully representative of his powers. Swiss by
nationality, Italian in artistic sympathies
and in training, Bocklin has been enthu-
siastically adopted by the German people,
because his works have embodied more
than have those of any other painter the
romantic element in German literature.
This is visible even in his early things in the
Schack Gallery at Munich ; it may also be
conjectured from the poetically conceived
landscape drawing in this exhibition, Der
Gang nach Emmaus. The type of archi-
tecture suggests the hill country above
Venice. It is the Italy of vision, the land
of Mignon's song. So, in like manner, his
pictures of centaurs and sirens, his cypress-
shaded castles by the sea, find their counter-
parts in the romantic ballads of Schiller and
Uhland.
The comparative immobility of German
art is seen in the works of Hans Thoma and
Max Klinger. The chief tutelary influences
of the former are apparently the old German
wood engravers and Mantegna, but in the
result there is nothing archaistic ; its
sincerity gives it life. His simplicity, his
stateliness of line, are seen to advantage in
the Christ and Satan, The Rest on the Flight
into Egypt, and the allegory Springtime.
Max Klinger — the greatest master of line in
modern German art — is of the succession of
Diirer. Inferior to him in breadth and
sense of arrangement, he has the same
absolute precision of touch and something
of the same faculty of vision. The Misery,
from the series of ' Death,' and On the Line,
a macabre fantasy of a skeleton stretched
across a railway line, from the same series,
are excellent examples of his power.
Of the various other works by German
artists we can only refer to the lithographs
and drypoints by Robert Sterl, which breathe
the influence of Millet ; the works of Otto
Fischer ; two etchings of Hamburg and a
pastel of The Little Lake in the Riesengcbirge,
with very effective rendering of light ; the
mezzotint landscapes by Bernhard Pankok ;
and some soft ground etchings of Corot-like
scenes by Otto Gampert.
The group of drawings by Constantin
Meunier offer interesting material for the
study of his sculpture. They exhibit also
the essential harmony of his purpose with
that of Millet, whose influence dominates
French art when it seeks to portray the
realities of the lives of the workers. So
Meunier in Briqueteries, in Puddleurs, and
Lassitude represents the brickmakers and
the puddlers in the iron foundries with a
grim realism, and something of the tragic
unconsciousness of Millet's peasantry.
Rodin's studies in water colour are simply
an artist's notes of pose, and their interest
is primarily, if not exclusively, for followers
of the same art. His etchings serve to show
how closely his work is allied in spirit with
that of the Renaissance. The head of Victor
Hugo is full of statuesque quality, and the
same feeling, together with something of
Michelangelo's freedom and dignity in repre-
sentation of structure, is seen in the Bvllonc
and in the group ot figuies in La Rondr ;
while in Les Amours entourant It Monde the
light and free interpretation of softly rounded
limb is of a quality that serves to recall
Verrocchio's well-known drawing of pulti.
The specimens of the work of IVpis.
notably the two pastels Bord de Riviere and
Paysage, display his innate sense of ColotlT-
linrmony. The ' Paysage' IB especially Subtle
in its rendering of atmospheric effect. With
these, though Somewhat inferior to them in
274
THE ATHENJEUM
N°4088, Maech 3, 1906
power, may be mentioned the pastels of
Simon Bussy— little pictures of shadowy
pin. -clad Hills and skies that retain the
flush of sunset. On the other works by
French artists, with at most a few excep-
tions, the obsession of the ballot and the
boulevard presses somewhat heavily. Degas
seems classical, and his dancers have the
repose of Greek vase-painting by contrast
with much of the work of his successors.
There is a monotony in these things, even
though they be enshrined in triumphs of
technique.
Much of the work of Leandre and Jacques
Villon here displayed is only the art of the
feuilleton caricaturist spread over a wider
surface. They mock at life, but do not
depict it. Forain's bitter realism in his
Beggars is luminous by contrast. Of his
various drawings, those slightest in work-
manship, such as Jeune Fille, L'Avocat, and
Pere et Fils, by their freedom and sureness
of line serve best to indicate the basis of his
strength.
Space forbids us to do more than mention
as deserving of notice the drypoints of
Mary Cassatt ; the water-colours, of a type
used in book illustration, by the American
artists Elizabeth Shippen Green and Jessie
Willcox Smith, who is making a reputation
on this side of the Atlantic, and the scenes
of life in the Canadian backwoods by G. H.
Hallowell.
SALE.
The sale at Messrs. Christie's last Saturday was
notable for the fact that, for the first time, a
picture by Sara Bough realized over 1,000/. This
was his Loch Achrav, with an angling party,
which fetched 1,029/. Other pictures were : Albert
Moore, The Marble Seat, 126/. F. Sandys, Perdita,
157/. Colin Hunter, Oban Regatta. 110/. Keeley
Halswelle, Contadini waiting for Hire, Theatre of
Marcellus, Rome, 168/. The following drawings
were also sold : G. Barret, A Classical Lake Scene,
67/. Sam Bough, Three Fishers, 67/. Sir E.
Burne-Jones, The Choristers, a pair in one frame,
90/. J. Holland, On the Giudecca Canal, Venice,
115/. Millais, The Eve of St. Agnes, 110/.
Erskine Nicol, Pat has Pious Moments, 57/. G. J.
Piuwell, The Earl o' Quarterdeck, 110/. ; The
Departure, 99/. S. Prout, The Quay of St. Mark's,
Venice, 56/. F. Walker, The New Pupil, 152/.
P. de Wint, The Bend of the River, 105/. ; The
Harvest-Field, 78/.
fitu-^rt (gossip.
The last but one of the elms in Hyde
Park connected with the Great Exhibition
of 1851 has disappeared this week, having
been sawn into immense blocks, like round
tables, and carried off, after operations
extending over three weeks. It stood just
in front of the entrance to the building, and
survived by many years the last of those
which had stood in the transept, having
itself long outlived its companions. The
only one now left was within the building
at the extreme east end, answering to the
part of the present Crystal Palace which
was destroyed by fire many years ago. The
tree just destroyed appears in most of the
coloured and other prints of the Great
Exhibition often met with, and also on some
of the medals and embossed representations,
of which there are specimens in the South
Kensington Art Library.
To-day is the private view of ' Venise :
du Crepuscule a la Nuit,' by M. Henri Le
Sidaner, at the Goupil Gallery.
At the Carfax Gallery bronzes by Mr.
Charles Ricketts, and drawings by Herr
L. von Hofmann, are also on private view
to-day; and pictures and drawings by tin-
late J. H. Leonard at 3, Wychcombe Studios,
England's Lane, N.W.
Messes. J. P. Mendoza are showing
water-colour drawings by Mr. Frank Wasley.
At the New Gallery we are invited to a
" Gallantee Show " next Wednesday.
To-day at Messrs. Graves's Galleries
figure subjects in oil and original lithographs
by A. Belleroche of Paris are open to private
view.
Miss Victoria" Cholmondeley and Sir
William Baillie-Hamilton will hold an ex-
hibition of water-colour sketches of Rome,
Bruges, Scotland, Hertfordshire, and other
parts of England, at the Modern Gallery,
from the 6th to the 24th inst. The private
view is on Monday.
At the Baillie Gallery next Saturday there
will be a private view of ' Flower Paintings '
by well- known artists and water-colours by
Mr. Vignoles Fisher.
An editorial article in the March number
of The Burlington Magazine on ' The Future
Administration of the Fine Arts in England '
proposes that the National Art-Collections
Fund should form a committee for the pur-
pose of urging the Government to take action
in regard to the registration of works of art
and other matters connected with the
administration of the fine arts. A drawing
by Fragonard in the collection of Sir James
Knowles is published with an editorial note.
Mr. Bernhard Sickert writes on the exhibi-
tion of " independent " artists at Messrs.
Agnew's ; Mr. Lawrence Weaver on ' Some
Lead Garden Statues,' and Mr. Starkie
Gardner on ' Charles II. Plate at Belvoir
Castle.' In ' Who was the Architect of the
Houses of Parliament ? ' Mr. Robert Dell
raises again the question discussed some forty
years ago as to the share of A. W. Pugin
in these buildings, Mr. A. Van de Put
publishes an ' Esmail d'Arragon,' a shield
in the possession of Sir J. C. Robinson ; and
Mr. A. M. Hind, in a short article on ' The
Portraits of Rembrandt's Father,' declares,
with some reservations, against the accepted
view, first stated by M. E. Michel. Mr.
Lionel Cust writes on ' Early English En-
gravings ' in view of Mr. Sidney Colvin's
recent book. The ' Miscellaneous Notes '
include one on the mosaic at South Ken-
sington Museum attributed to Orcagna,
which is declared, on the authority of Signor
Luigi Fumi, a forgery. The editor of the
American Section publishes a picture by
Pollaiuolo at New Haven. The frontispiece
is a photogravure of an Italian bronze in the
collection of Sir William Bennett.
The death is announced of Adrien
Moreau, who was born at Troyes on April 18,
1843, and proved to be one of the most
successful and popular pupils of Pils at the
Ecole des Beaux-Arts. He first exhibited
at the Salon in 1868, a picture inspired
by a passage from the Bible, and until
recent years his works were a feature of
the annual exhibitions. They were often,
but more particularly since 1876, of an amus-
ing character ; the boisterous life of the
Middle Ages and the studied elegance of
the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in
France were equally congenial to his talents.
Many of his works achieved great success
when engraved or issued in chromolitho-
graphy ; one of these was ' Une Kermesse
au Moyen Age,' which received a second-
class medal at the Salon in 1876. With
American collectors of twenty j^ears or so
ago his pictures were very popular, and many
of them are still to be found in the United
States. He illustrated ' Ruy Bias,' ' Les
Beaux 'Messieurs des Bois-Dore,' ' Le Roi
s'Amuse,' ' Candide,' and other books.
Moreau was one of the founders, in 1878, of
the Societe des Aquarellistes.
The eminent painter Julius Helbigr
whose death is announced at the age of
eighty-five, studied at Dilsseldorf, but even-
tually took up his residence at Liege, and
devoted himself chiefly to church art.
Helbig was for many years editor of the
Revue de V Art Chretien. His articles on the
principles of mediaeval art exercised an
important influence on the study of early
painting.
In celebration of the tercentenary of the
birth of Rembrandt, Mr. Heinemann an-
nounces a memoiial of the artist, which is to-
be published simultaneously in England,
France, Germany, and Holland. It will
contain forty " Rembrandt " photogravure
reproductions of the finest pictures of the
master. There will be also facsimile repro-
ductions of a number of his drawings, with
accompanying text by Emile Michel, whose
biography has long been the standard one
on Rembrandt. The present publication
will appear in fortnightly parts, starting
next Friday, so as to be complete in time
for Rembrandt's birthday on July 15th.
' Monumental Brasses in the Bed-
fordshire Churches ' is the title of a work
by Miss Grace Isherwood, to be published
shortly by Mr. Elliot Stock. It will contain
a full description of the brasses in the churches-
of the county, with notices of the families
represented by the monuments. A number
of illustrations will be included, copied frora
rubbings by the author's sister.
Mr. R. P. Spiers proposes to make the
balance of the Spiers Testimonial the nucleus
of a fund, to be added to by subscription or
otherwise, for a collection of drawings of
ancient architecture, to be deposited at the
South Kensington Art Library or at the
British Museum for the use of students.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
Queen's Hall. — London Symphony
Orchestra Concert.
The appearance of M. Wassili Safonoff,
the conductor from Moscow, at the seventh
concert of the second series of the London
Symphony Orchestra, was an event of
high interest. The modern art of
conducting began with Wagner ; he virtu-
ally swept away the old race of capell-
meisters, to a few of whom he, however,,
rendered justice ; for although he declared
that their attitude towards modern music
was " old-fashioned," he recognized that
in their own way they produced " good
solid work." Dr. Hans Richter, the
first of the new order of conductors, was-
directly influenced by Wagner, and the-
many excellent men who have since dis-
tinguished themselves have all taken him
as their model ; his supremacy, which
he retains, is universally acknowledged.
Great is the personal influence of a genius,
and, however well Dr. Richter may conduct
the works of other masters, he is no doubt
at his best when interpreting Wagner, and
Wagner's idol Beethoven. The Russian,
M. Safonoff, knew Tschaikowsky, and
heard him conduct his works ; and from
the interpretation of the ' Polish ' Sym-
N° 4088, March 3, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
275
phony, No. 5, we felt not only that he
■was naturally gifted as a conductor, but
also that there was a personal interest
and sympathy in the music. The
renderings of the first and third move-
ments were especially impressive : in-
tense earnestness, the pessimistic spirit
of the music kept under strong control,
sentiment never degenerating into
sentimentality, were all displayed. We
spoke of Beethoven as Wagner's idol ;
that of Tschaikowsky was Mozart, of
whose delightful serenade for strings,
' Eine kleine Nachtmusik,' a wonderfully
delicate performance was given. M.
Safonoff does not use a baton, but conducts
with his hands, or we might say with
hands, fists, fingers, and eyes. The effect
•on the orchestra was magnetic. Every
movement, every glance, told : there
was no empty show. It is earnestly to be
hoped that no conductor will attempt to
imitate a method which with Safonoff is
original. We unfortunately were unable
to hear the ' Leonore ' Overture, No. 3,
with which the programme opened ;
according, however, to general testimony,
it was a magnificent performance.
^Eolian Hall. — Mr. J. Campbell
Mclnnes's Bach Concert. — Miss Mary
CracrofVs Concert.
Mr. J. Campbell McInnes gave a Bach
Concert at the iEolian Hall yesterday
week. The programme consisted of only
three works, but so different in character
that no monotony was felt. First came
the impressive church cantata " Ich will
•den Kreuzstab gerne tragen," for bass
solo. Mr. Mclnnes displayed intelli-
gence and feeling, especially in the second
aria and recitative leading to the chorale
at the close. There followed the Overture,
or rather Suite, in B minor for flute (Mr.
Daniel Wood) and strings, a work in which
the composer shows himself in an unusually
■cheerful vein. The special feature of the
evening was, however, the Bauern-Cantate
for soprano and bass soli, entitled " Mer
hahn en neue Oberkeet." The music
throughout is simply charming. Bach
has used Saxon folk -tunes, while dance
rhythms prevail everywhere. It seems
difficult to believe that the composer of
the Matthew ' Passion,' or of the stately
fugues for organ and clavier, could write
so fight, so piquant a work. The
scoring, though simple, is of the daintiest.
The soli were well rendered by Miss Betty
•Booker and Mr. Mclnnes, and the per-
formance greatly pleased the audience.
'The small orchestra was under the tactful
and intelligent direction of Mr. Charles
Williams.
On the following afternoon Miss
Mary Cracroft gave a concert of
" Twentieth - Century Compositions "
dn the same hall. A sonata for 'cello
and pianoforte by Herr Ludwig Thuille
proved only moderately interesting.
There were good themes and good
workmanship in it, but a lack of spon-
taneity ; it was performed by Mr. Carl
Fuchs and Miss Cracroft. Six songs of
M. Claude Debussy were well sung, three
by Miss Gladys Horsford, three by M.
Carlos Ronzevalle. The composer is
chiefly known here by his ' L'Apres-midi
d'un Faune,' a piece in which orchestral
colouring plays, one may say, the chief
part. Again in the songs in question the
pianoforte accompaniments are of marked
importance. It is difficult to say how far
the uncommon and at times eccentric
music results from a conscious attempt
not to be commonplace, or from the clever
composer's inability as yet to express in
the clearest, simplest manner his thoughts
and feelings. So far as we can judge after
hearing so many new songs, also three piano-
forte pieces exhibiting similar features,
we are inclined to take the latter view.
Of four Preludes by Rachmaninoff played
by Miss Cracroft, two were new, and of
these the first in d major was expressive,
and more interesting than the second, or,
indeed, than any of the set.
Queen's Hall. — Philharmonic Concert.
A Symphony in g, Op. 23, by Herr
Felix von Weingartner, was performed for
the first time in London, and under the
composer's direction, at the opening con-
cert of the ninety- fourth season of the
Philharmonic Society, at Queen's Hall on
Tuesday evening. A later Weingartner
symphony was heard at the recent Sheffield
Festival, and the chief characteristics of
that work were clearness of form, skilful
development of thematic material, and
effective orchestration. All these qualities
are to be found also in the earlier work, the
music of which, however, appears to us
fresher, more spontaneous. In these modern
days a composition free from extravagance
of any kind is a blessing ; and the present
example, which follows old rather than new
lines, is significant, Herr Weingartner
being by no means a dry-as-dust con-
servative. Madame Teresa Carrefio gave a
brilliant, if at times somewhat too forcible
reading of Tscha'ikowsky's B flat minor
Pianoforte Concerto. Dr. F. H. Cowen
conducted the whole of the programme
with the exception of the above-named
symphony.
A NEW ITALIAN OPERA.
A new opera entitled ' Raffaello ' seems
to have filled all good Perugians with pride
and enthusiasm. Composed by a native
of the city of Perugia, De Lunghi, it is
received nightly with applause ; and the
theatre of the Pavone proving too small for
the large audiences drawn from all the sur-
rounding country, it has been removed to
the Morlacchi theatre.
Making due allowance for an exaggerated
love of its own campanile, my information
from sources both public and private shows
Perugia to have been carried by storm by
this operatic wonder of a musician fondly
described as " a son of the people " {figlio
del popolo). A Roman impresario is medi-
tating an early reproduction in Rome. The
libretto is by a native of Assisi (Count
Locatelli), and has won general admiration.
Bianchi-Previ is said to be an ideal Raffaello ;
and Broggi, the prima donna, an incompar-
able Fornarina. I merely chronicle the
tale of the first successes made by a young
composer who has rapidly achieved a high
level in the musical world. Wm. Mercer.
iHusiral Gossip.
There was a large audience at the Albert
Hall on Wednesday evening, when Gounod's
' Redemption ' was given, with Madame
Agnes Nicholls and Messrs. John Coates and
Dan Price as principal and successful
soloists. The singing of the choir was
excellent. Sir Frederick Bridge conducted,
this being his first public appearance since
his heavy bereavement*
The last concert of the Westminster
Orchestral and Choral Society took place
at the Kensington Town Hall on Tuesday.
The programme included Sir Edward Elgar's
' King Olaf,' and the overture ' Youth,'
conducted by the composer, Mr. Arthur
Hervey. The next session of this enter-
prising society opens in the autumn.
The Wessely Quartet, with Mr. C. A.
Crabb as second 'cello, will perform Taneiew's
Quintet in g, Op. 14, at their fourth concert
at Bechstein Hall on Wednesday next.
For the performance of the b minor Mass
at the Bach Festival in April, Dr. Walford
Davies's choir will be increased to 250 voices
by a contingent of Oxford vocalists. The
soloists engaged are the . Misses Gleeson-
White and Ada Crossley, and MM. Gervase
Elwes and Forington.
The second series of the Monday Sub-
scription Concerts at the ^Eolian Hall, under
the direction of Mr. L. Rainbow, is announced.
The dates are March 5th and 19th and
April 2nd and 23rd. Madame Blanche
Marchesi will be the vocalist on Monday.
The judges in the Mark Hambourg prize
competition — Messrs. Arthur Hervey, Gil-
bert Webb, Landon Ronald, Coleridge
Taylor, A. Kalisch, and Mark Hambourg —
have awarded the first prize to Mr. Benjamin
James Dale for Variations in form of a
Sonata, and the second to Mr. Percy Pitt
for a ' Fantasia Appassionata.'
The inauguration of the monument
erected to Michael Ivanovich Glinka at St.
Petersburg took place on February 16th.
The composer was described by Liszt as the
" Prophet-Patriarch " of Russian music, and
Berlioz recognized his gifts. His opera ' A
Life for the Czar,' produced at St. Peters-
burg in 1836, achieved success, and it is still
one of the most popular stage works in
Russia. The death is announced of Glinka's
sister, Ludmilla Chestakow, at the advanced
age of ninety-six. Great was her admiration
for her brother's genius ; she published not
only his ' Memoires,' but, in conjunction
with a devoted friend, M. Engelhardt, all
his works also. To her, had she been spared,
the homage just paid to the memory of her
brother, who has been dead well-nigh half a
century, would indeed have made a strong
appeal.
Some valuable autograph letters formerly
belonging to the banker Alexander Meyer
Cohn were recently sold by auction at Berlin.
One from Beethoven to Zelter (March 25th,
1823), in which the former offers his Mass
in D for performance at the Singakadeniie,
fetched 37/. 10s. ; and another long letter,
concerning some variations of his for violin,
40/. A letter (three pai'i's) addressed by
Chopin to Breitkopf & Hartel reached 50/.,
while for a letter from Gluck to Prince
Kaunitz 200/. was given. Autograph letters
of Gluck are exceedingly rare. A letter
from Haydn to " liebe Mademoisell Lenore."
written in 1776, was also sold. In it there
is an interesting reference to critics. The
composer says : —
"In chamber mafiic I linro Keen fortunate
enough t<> pleaee all people ezoept the Berlinen
I am only surprised tliat these Berlin gentle-
270
Til E ATHKNJKUM
X 1088, Mai.tm 3, 1906
im i. in iln ii oriticiuni on mj works do not ob
am jual iimuii, i..i one «" k the) p""- i to ,|"'
akiea, and the next thej cut me down earthwards
si\t \ i. it lioma d< • p.
To «lii< 1 1 work* 1 1 H \ i In refi ra w< know pot,
I, ut it ii possible thai those Berlin critics
w -i,t both in their praise mul in their
l,l,,i, , i composer is not alwaj ■ inspin d,
and least of nil one who often wrot< ool h
the spirit moved him, but as bib prince
roiiiiiuiiicl' d.
/ i/. rw strt I of February 25th states that
a collection of dance tunes and fragments <>t
Old balletfl was to he published at Leip.sic
this week. The music is by ('. EL Graon,
who was capellmeister to Frederick the
Creat. The volume also contains a minuet
OOmpOSi d for the Carnival of 1752 by J.
Gottlieb Janiteoh, another composer of
dance music in the service of the same king.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Wl.M
Mot.
Ti i-.
W.i..
Tin US
Km.
S«T.
Sunda) P
: so, yu.>. mi - II;. 11.
11.11.
Bunds] League < lorn ert. ". Queen •
,t— Fridai Creatqre'p Band, B, Queen'i
Hull - XLitiniks.
~.l;i\ and Friday,
Koi i i l« n< li Quarti i. - SO, B« hstein Hall.
Kii-i Monday Subscription Concert, *..'•». foliao Mull.
II. 1 1 Karl Oehler'i Pianoforte Recital, ". ASolian Ball.
W.-m \\ String Quartet, &M, Bechltein Hull.
London Symphony Orchestra, ■'■. Queen's Hull.
New ( hamber Musi. Club, 8.30, Steinway Hall.
Chappell'i Ballad Concert, S, Queen's Hall.
Uisi ha Klin.iii .- Violin Recital, 3.30, Crystal Palace.
DRAMA
Dramatic (5osstp.
So accustomed during late years to pro-
cesses of mystification have been our
audiences that Capt. Marshall might be
pardoned for expecting for ' The Alabaster
Staircase,' produced at the Comedy Theatre,
a reception no less warm than had been
accorded to 'John Bull's Other Island ' at
the Court. Instead, however, of enabling
bis public, itself seated in the light, to enjoy
the perplexities of those stumbling in the
darkness, he makes it a sharer in the diffi-
culties, and a partner in the bewilderment.
Thus, though there is much in the dialogue
to please and divert, and the social sketches
are in the author's happiest vein, the general
result is scarcely to be regarded as a success.
Mr. John Hare gives a characteristically fine
impersonation of the Prime Minister whose
convictions are so rudely altered by a fall
upon his own staircase, but the sense of the
illogicality of the whole is too strong to
|>ermit of complete surrender.
' An American Citizen,' a four-act
comedy by Mrs. Madeleine Lucette Ryley,
first given at the Duke of York's Theatre
on June 19th, 1899, has been revived at the
Shaftesbury, with Mr. Nat Goodwin in his
original part of Beresford Cruger, and with
Miss Alexandra Carlyle a.s Beatrice Carew,
and Mr. Cooper Cliffe as Peter Barbury.
A new play by Mr. J. M. Barrie, concerning
the theme and nature of which considerable
i it icence is observed, is announced for speedy
production at the Haymarket. Mr. Charles
Hawtrey will be assigned a prominent place
in the cast.
Mm nt Hannibal,' the historical novel
of Mr. Stanley Weyman, has been turned by
Messrs. Freeman Wills and Langbridge into
a four-act play, which is shortly to be pro-
duced by Mr. Norman V. Norman.
Announcements such as that made of
the forthcoming appearance of Mr. E. H.
Sot hern and Miss Julia Marlowe aro too
frequent from American sources to inspire
any great amount of confidence.
A revival at the Imperial is promised
of 'Othello,' with .Mr. Lewis Waller as the
m. .. it and Mr. EL r>. lr\ ing ■<>. The
. .i t will comprise Mish Evelyn Millard M
Desdemona, .Mi Wynne nfatthiaon aa
Bmilia, Hi Sarah Brooki at Bianco, Mr.
Henry Ainley a I I i", ami Mr. A. I..
Geoi ■• a I loderigo.
'im promt ad performance at the Waldorf
Theatre <>! ' The 1 leir-at- Law ' is now proxi-
mate. Mr. Charles Cioves \\ill \><- tin
substitute for Mr. Lionel Rignold, originally
designated for Daniel Dowlas; and M
Madge Crichton will take the place of Miss
Jessie Bateman as Cicely Homespun.
A PERFORMANCE in London during the
approaching season is promised of ' The
Squaw Man,' a " comedy drama " in four
acts by Mr. Edwin Milton Koyle, which,
produced at Wallack's Theatre, New York,
on October 23rd last, has been running there
ever since. The action, which begins in an
'" English ancestral home," and is developed
in Wyoming, will be supported by a mixed
English and American ^company.
' The Charity that began at Home '
is the title of a comedy by Mr. St. John
Hankin which has been secured for produc-
tion at one of the Vedrenne-Barker matinees.
' La Piste,' a comedy by M. Victorien
Sardou, given at the Varietes on Febru-
ary 22nd, is in a lighter vein than has recently
been worked by that dramatist. The piste
in question consists in the efforts to show
the husband of a divorcee that a compro-
mising document on which he has alighted
refers to a period previous to his own
matrimonial tenure, and so is no concern of
his. Madame Rejane, M. Brasseur, and
M. Prince were responsible for the principal
parts in a clever cast.
To Correspondents.— w. R.— J. H. L.— J. C. C— N. G.
-Received.
B. R.— S. I. R.— Many thanks.
F. R. — No vacancies.
W. W. S. — Printing; at once.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Page
Avthors' Agents 250
Bell & .Sons 276
Black 278
Business for Disposal 249
Catalogues 250
Chapman & Hall 279
Constable 254
Duckworth & Co 277
Educational -iv.i
Exhibitions 249
Harper & Brothers 278
Heinemann 279
Hurst & Blackett BM
Insurance Companies 27s
Lash 273
Longmans & Co 262
Macmillan & Co '-'.".4
Magazines, &c 2-">l
Miscellaneous MO
Mudik's Library 2.">l
Newspaper Agents 280
Oxford press 280
Pitman & Sons Sfifl
Sales by Auction BE0
SKKLKY -7S
Situations Vacant M8
situations Wasted 249
smith, Elder & Co 851
TYrE-WRlTERS 2,49
MESSRS. BELLS
HI8TORICAL WORKS.
Catalogui
PhOotopky, i lion.
LIFE OF NAPOLEON I. By J. Hol-
i.w n i;« •
< '.tin' ■ I ■- M il»-riiU
from tin: Bnti»h Otti H I
Ih numerous Illustration*, Maps, ami i
Third Edition
CHEAPEB I DITTOS, without the Illu»lra'
t vols. IOa. in-t.
NAPOLEONIC STUDIES. By J.
HOLLAND BOSK, LitUD. Pout Uvo, with
7^. U. ni-t.
" Wbatovei may be the ride of Napoleon
the reader may be interested, we make hoi. 1 to ^. th.it he
will tinil something new to him within the four hu:
of thih modest little voluin
gratulated on hi> mastery of a difficult and couiplii • I
subject. " — A III' hi
NAPOLEON AND ENGLAND, 1803-
1818: a studv from Cnprinted Documents. Bj c
COQUELLE. Translated from the French b\ GORDON
D. KNOX, Balliol College, Oxford. With a I'r. ••
Dr. .1. HOLLAND BOSK, Author of "The Life of
Napoleon I.,' Ac Poet ~\o. ;,»■. net.
NAPOLEON'S CAPTIVITY IN Re-
lation TO MR HUDSON LOWE. Bj l: «.
BEATON, M.A., late Fellow of Jew CoUegi
bridge. With a Portrait of Sir H. Lowe. Large poet
bvn, 5«. net.
THE FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN
EUROPE. Twelve Lectures delirered at the University
of London. By EMIL REICH, Doctor Juris, Anl
'A New Student's Atlas of English History,' '(
Roman Institutions,' ' History of Civilization,' Ac.
Large post 8vo, 5o. net.
HISTORY OF MODERN EUROPE
FROM THE TAKING OF CONSTANTINOPLE TO
THE PRESENT TIME. By Dr. T. H. OYER. A Ni I
Edition. Revised throughout and brought up to ilate
by ARTHUR hasraT.t., m a . student of Christ
Church, Oxford. In 6 vols, crown 8vo, with
6*. net each.
THE AGE OF JUSTINIAN AND
THEODORA: a History of the Sixth Centurv A.D.
By WILLIAM GORDON HOLMES. Vol. L crown.
8vo, 9*\ net.
GREGOROVIUS' HISTORY OF THE
CITY OF ROME IN THE MIDDLE AGEs. Trans-
lated by ANNIE HAMILTON. B rota, crown Bra
si. 8& net ; or Beparately, Vols, L, II.. and HI., I
net Vols. IV., V., VL.'VIL.and VUL.each in 2 Parts.
4*. 6d. net each Part.
HENRY III. AND THE CHURCH.
A Study of his Ecclesiastical Policy and the Relations
between England and Rome. Bv the Risjht Ber.
ABBOT GASQUET, D.D. O.S.B. Demy 8to, 12$. net.
THE EVE OF THE REFORMATION.
Studies in the Religious Life and Thought of the 1
People in the Period preceding the Rejection of the
Romish Jurisdiction hv Henry VIII. Bv the Right Rer.
ABBOT OASQUET, P.l>. O.S.B. New and Rei i-ed
Edition. 6V. net.
THE DIARY OF SAMUEL PEPYS,
M.A. F.R.S., Clerk of the Works and Secretary to the
Admiralty. Transcribed from the Shorthand Ms. in
the Pepvsian Library, Magdalene College, Cambridge,
by the Rev. MYNORS BRIGHT. M.A.. late Fellow and
President of the College. With Lord Bravbrooke'a
Notea Edited, with Additions, bv HENRY B.
WHEATLEY, F.s.V. In 10 vols, demy 8vo, with
Portraits and other Illustrations, 10*. 6rf. net each.
Also a CHEAPER EDITION, in S vols, crown Svo, omit-
ting the Illustrations and the Volume of Pepysiana, :■>. uet
CARLYLE'S FRENCH REVOLU-
TION. Edited, with Introduction, Note*, :ind Appen-
dices, by J. HOLLAND ROSE, Litt.D., Author of 'The
Life of Napoleon L' 3 vols, small post 8vo, 6». each.
Also LIBRARY EDITION, post Svo, gilt, 3 vols. Jl>. net.
London: GEORGE BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, VT.C.
N°4088, March 3, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
277
DUCKWORTH & CO.'S NEW LIST.
NEW NOVEL BY E. TEMPLE THURSTON,
AUTHOR OF ' THE APPLE OF EDEN ' (Fifth Edition), entitled
TRAFFIC.
THE STORY OF A FAITHFUL WOMAN.
Crown 8vo, Etched Frontispiece, 6s.
". . . For no kind of traffic
Would I admit ; no name of magistrate ;
Letters should not be known ; riches, poverty,
And use of service, none ; contract, succession,
Bourn, bound of land, tilth, vineyard, none ;
No use of metal, corn, or wine, or oil ;
No occupation ; all men idle, all ;
And women too, — but innocent and pure ;
No sovereignty." — Act II. Scene I. The Tempest.
TRAFFIC.
THE STORY OF A FAITHFUL WOMAN.
BY E. TEMPLE THURSTON.
" Nanno is a fine character.
" Magnificently conceived.
" The book conveys a wonderful impression." — Morning Leader.
" One of the most vivid stories written during the last decade." — Pall Hall Gazelle.
THE DAWN IN BRITAIN.
By CHARLES M. DOUGHTY, Author of 'Travels in Arabia Deserta.'
2 vols, crown 8vo, 3s. %d. net each.
" Much interest and expectation has been roused by the annovincement of 'The Dawn in Britain,'
a poem by Charles M. Doughty, author of ' Travels in Arabia Deserta,' perhaps the most eloquent and
characteristic book written in English prose for at least a generation." — British Weekly.
Mr. Doughty is marked as a man of strong personality, possessed of a wonderful sense of words and
an extraordinary power of language, and lovers of English literature may expect to recognize work
from the strong hands of a master.
NEW BOOK BY H. BELLOC, M.P., AUTHOR OF 'THE PATH TO ROME.'
ESTO PEEPETUA:
Algerian Studies and Impressions.
Illustrated from Pencil Drawings by the Author. With Coloured Frontispiece.
Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d. net. [In the press.
NEW HANDBOOK TO ROME. JUST OUT.
THE MUSEUMS AND RUINS OF ROME.
Vol. I. By WALTER AMELUNO. 170 Illustrations.
Vol. II. By H. HOLTZINGER. Map, Plans, and 100 Illustrations.
Edited by Mrs. ARTHUR STRONG. 10s. net.
A comprehensive view of the buildings and art collections. Dr. Amelung, putting together
correlated works, replicas, copies, and fragments, brings the original conceptions before the reader ;
and Dr. Holtzinger is concerned rather with architectural art than with topographical science.
Review by Mr. Hkrhekt Paul in the TRIBUNE.
" As good a book of its kind as can well be imagined.
" Illustrated with excellent photographs. Easy to hold, and attractive to the eye. Erudite without
being pedantic. One puts them down with feelings of admiration for what the authors have achieved,
and wonder at the riches which they cannot exhaust."
NEW YOLUHE IN "THE SAINTS" SERIES.
SAINT MARY THE VIRGIN.
Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 3*.
Presents the Virgin Mary in the different aspects of her life as presented by the Gospels, by ancient
tradition, by the Theologians and Fathers. This book will give, in the form of biography, all that we
know of the Virgin. The author, RENE MARIE DE LA BROISE, submitted the plan of the work
tOB'i ingress in Rome, which gave it a favourable reception, and praised and recommended its method.
IN THE POPULAR LIBRARY OF ART.
ENGLISH WATER-COLOUR PAINTERS. By A. J. Finberg.
SO Illustrations. Cloth, 2s. net; leather, 2s. M. net. [Just out.
Based chiefly on examples easily accessible. A popular guide to public collections in London.
IN THE WELL-KNOWN "RED SERIES" OF ART BOOKS.
THE SCOTTISH SCHOOL OF PAINTING. By William D.
' CONTINENTAL HIGHWAYS AND
BYWAYS.'
RAMBLES IN NORMANDY. By
FRANCIS MILTOUN, Author of 'Cathedrals of
Northern France.' With very many Illustrations from
Drawings and Sketches bv BLANCHE McMANUS.
9 Maps, square crown 8vo, Gs. net.
RAMBLES IN BRITTANY. By
FRANCIS MILTOUN. Illustrated by BLANCHE
McMANUS. Uniform with ' Normandy.' 6s. net.
THE
NEW NOVELS.
Crown 8vo, 6«. each. JUST OUT.
AMBUSH OF YOUNG DAYS.
By ROSAMOND LANOBRIDGE. A New Novel by a
rising Writer, containing some clever studies of people
and some capital passages of genuine comedy.
LADS OP THE FANCY. By George
BARTRAM. A novel presenting some strong pictures
of life in ' The Shires ' and in London when pugilism and
gambling and other sports were the chief interests in
life for a "man of fashion."
SECOND IMPRESSION JUST READY.
THE SECRET KINGDOM. By Frank
RICHARDSON.
"The book stands in a class apart."— Observer.
" Full of high spirits and cleverness. May be recom-
mended to all." — Academy.
" One of the most popular books of the season."
Black and White.
McKAY, R.S.A. 45 Illustrations. Is. M. net.
[Shortly.
A HISTORY OF THEATRICAL ART.
FOURTH VOLUME.
MOLIfiRE AND HIS TIME. By
CARL MANTZIUS. 45 Dlustrations, royal octavo,
10s. net.
THE LIBRARY OF ART.
Planned and Edited by the late S. ARTHUR STRONG.
Now Edited by Mrs. ARTHUR STRONG (Eugenie Sellers).
"THE EXCELLENT RED SERIES."
The TIMES says :— " Of the many series of books on Art,
that published by Messrs. Duckworth must rank as the best
written, and most likely to be of permanent value."
MICHAEL ANGELO. By Sir Charles Holroyd. 52 Illus-
trations, 7s. Gd. net.
DONATELLO. Bv Lord Balcarres. 58 Illustrations. Gs. net.
VERROCCHIO. By Maud Cruttwell. 48 Illustrations.
7s. Gd. net.
GIOTTO. By Basil de Selincourt. 45 Illustrations,
7s. Gd. net
P1SANELLO. By C. F. Hill, of the Coins and Medals-
Department in the British Museum. 90 Illustrations.
7x. Gd. net.
FRENCH PAINTING IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.
By Louis Dimier. 50 Illustrations. 7s. Gd. net.
MEDIAEVAL ART. From the Peace of the Church to the-
Eve of the Renaissance, A. n. 312-1350. By W. R. Lethaby.
66 Full-Page Illustrations, and 120 Diagrams, Plans, and
Drawings. 8.«. 6</. net.
ALBERT DURER. By T. Sturge Moore. 4 Copperplates
and 50 Half-Tone Engravings. 7ft Gd. net.
TITIAN. ByDr. GeorgGronau. 54 Illustrations. 7«.6d.net.
CONSTABLE. BvM. Sturge Henderson. 40 Illustrations.
7ft Gd. net.
POPULAR LIBRARY OF ART.
Cloth, 2s. net; leather, 2s. 6rf. net.
LEONARDO. Bv Dr. Gronau. 44 Illustrations.
BOTTICELLI. By Julia Cartwright (Mrs. Ady). 40 Illus-
trations.
REMBRANDT. By Auguste Break 62 Illustrations.
DURER. By Lina Eckenstein. 37 Illustrations.
ROSSETTI. By Ford Madox Hueffer. 52 Illustrations.
WATTS. Bv Or. K. Chesterton. 85 Illustrations.
FRED WALK F.K. By C. Black. 32 Illustrations and
Photogravure.
GAINSBOROUGH. By A. B. Chamberlain. 66 Illustra-
tions.
FRENCH IMPRESSIONISTS. By C. Mauclair. 50 Illus-
trations.
MILLET. By R. Holland 32 Illustrations.
HOLBEIN. Bv Ford Madox Hueffer. 50 Illustrations.
RAPHAEL. By Julia Cartwright (Mrs. Ady). 50 Illustra-
tions.
VELAZQUEZ. By Auguste Breal. 60 Illustrations.
%* This volume includes a reproduction of the celebrated
' Venus with the Mirror,' from Rokeby.
IMPORTANT BOTANICAL "WORK.
GLOSSARY OF BOTANIC
TERMS. With their Derivation and Accent. By
BENJAMIN DAYDON JACKSON, Secretary of th»
Linnean Society of London. SECOND EDITION,
REVISED and ENLARGED. Crown Svo, fc (m/. n.-t.
THE BRITISH WOODLICE. Being
a Monograph of the TerrestiaJ Isopod Crustacea of the
British Isles. Hv WILFRID MARK WEBB, F.L.S.,
and CHARLES SILLF.M. With 25 Plates and 50
Figures in the Text. Gs. net.
DUCKWORTH & CO. 3j Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
278
Til E ATHENJEUM
N*4088, Mabcb 3, 1900
HARPER S
FOB MARCH 18019 READY.
MARGARET DELANO'S GREAT NOVEL,
THE AWAKENING.
Dltwtntted.
A NIGHTS RIDE IN THE SAHARA.
CHARLES W. FURLONG.
Illustrated.
THE LONG-LOST MANICHEAN BIBLE
AND ITS DISCOVERY.
Dr. MAURICE BLOOMFIELD.
IBEX SHOOTING.
JOSEPH C. GREW. Illustrated.
THE UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA.
Dr. a P. THWING. Bluatrated.
THE ANATOMY OF A STEEL RAIL.
HENRY C. BOYNTON, S.D.
Illustrated.
8 Complete Stories, and a wealth of Illustrations,
including Work by K. A. ABBEY, R.A., &c.
EVOLUTION
THE MASTER KEY.
By Dr. C. W. SALEEBY,
Author of ' The Cycle of Life,' &c.
Demy 8vo, 7s. 6<Z.
Dr. Saleeby's aim is to develope and illustrate
Mr. Herbert Spencer's evolution theories, to show
how every newly discovered thing fits into these
theories. Thus he deals with new sciences and
the results of the latest investigations, and points
to evolution as the key to all systematic inquiry
into truth.
SPORTING TRIPS OF A
SUBALTERN.
Capt. B. R. M. GLOSSOP.
Demy 8vo, profusely illustrated, 10s. 6d.
[Immediately.
PRINCIPLES OF MONEY
AND BANKING.
CHARLES A. CONANT.
2 vols, demy 8vo, 16«. net (post free, 16«. 6d. ).
[Immediately.
THE LONG ARM.
By S. M. GARDENHIRE,
Author of ' The Silence of Mrs. Harrold, &c.
Crown 8vo, illustrated, 6«.
" Conners, as the hero of these adventures, must
rank with the great figures in detective fiction.
An entirely different sort of detective from
Sherlock Holmes. Not one of the adventures hut
at the outset seems an impenetrable mystery A
profoundly interesting book."
KEW NOYEL BY THE AUTHOR OF 'LADY
BEATRIX AND THE FORBIDDEN MAN.'
FOR WHICH WIFEP
3*. C>d. [Immediately.
The new book has all the engaging qualities
which characterized this anonymous author's
previous books (« Lady Beatrix,' 'Sir Anthony and
the Ewe Lamb,' &c. ). It has the same froliosome
humour, witty dialogue, and delicate handling of
intricate situations, whilst the plot is fuller and
more engrossing.
HARPER k BROTHERS,
45, Albemarle Street, London, W.
SEELEY & CO.'S NEW BOOKS.
— • —
RKAOV ON MONDAY
THE MAKING
OF MODERN EGYPT.
By Sir AUCKLAND Col.VIN. K.c.s.I.&c.
With Portrait! and ■ II k
Demy mo, doth, gOl top, Us. Mb
The story of modern Kgypt, from the in~ti union Of the
Dual Control in lhTO to the present time.
NOW RKADY.
TWO YEARS AMONG
NEW GUINEA CANNIBALS.
A Naturalist's Wanderings among the Aborigines of
Unexplored New Guinea,
By A. K. PRATT,
Author of 'To the Snows of Tibet Through China.'
With T>4 Illustrations and a Map. Demy mo, ](R net.
"Of vivid interest from beginning Up end." — Outlook,
" Many excellent illustrations give additional value to a
travel record which in its lucid description from scenes,
strange people, and rich naturalist rewards, is attractive
throughout." — Manchester Courier.
THE CATHEDRAL BUILDERS IN
ENGLAND. By K. S. PRIOR, F.S.A., Author of
'A History of Gothic Art in England.' With 4 Plates
printed in Colour and many other Illustrations, super-
royal Mo, sewed, 5s, net ; or in cloth, gilt top, 7s. net.
"Most interesting, as well a-s learned and thoughtful."
Morning Pott.
"Certainly gives renewed interest to the study of the
cathedrals. "^Manchester Gua rd id n .
SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS'S DIS-
COURSES. Edited, with Introductions and Notes on
Text and Illustrations, by ROGER FRY. With 32
Full-Page Illustrations. Extra crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. net.
" A most interesting edition." — Spectator.
"Of real value and importance." — Westminster Gazette.
SEELEY & CO., Limited, 38, Great Russell Street.
Mr. JOHX LAXE is publishing on TUESDAY, March 6,
a ftew Work by A. F. CALVERT, entitled,
MOORISH REMAINS IN SPAIN.
Being a Brief Record of the Arabian Conquest and
Occupation of the Peninsula, with a Particular Account
of the Mohammedan Architecture and Decoration in the
Cities of Cordova, Seville, and Toledo. With 84 Coloured
Plates and over 400 Klack-and-White Illustrations,
Diagrams, &c. Crown 4to (7£ in. by loin.), 4is. net.
[Ready March 8.
The author gives a brief record of the Conquest of Spain
by the Moors, and a detailed account of the Architecture
and Decoration of Cordova, Seville, and Toledo. The dis-
tinctive beauties of Moorish Art are emphasized by the
eighty coloured plates, which may be regarded as thoroughly
characteristic examples, including Mosaic Architectural
Detail, Painted Ceilings, Ornament.
A NEW VOLUME BY' MRS. JOHN LANE.
THE CHAMPAGNE STANDARD.
THE CHAMPAGNE STANDARD.
Crown 8vo, 6*. Second Edition.
"The author's 'Champagne' overflows with witty sayings
too numerous to cite." — Morning Post.
" Mrs. Lane treats each topic with such freshness and
originality that the book is as entertaining as it is sug-
gestive."— At he >ur u in.
"Mrs. Lane may congratulate herself on having that
lib flsed sense of humour which is one of the most valuable
possessions in life." — Academy,
A NEW NOVEL BY A NEW WRITER
THE HOUSE BY THE BRIDGE.
By M. (J. EASTON. Crown 8vo, 6ft
[Xoiv read ii.
HAUNTINGS: Fantastic Stories.
By VERNON LEE, Author of 'The Enchanted Woods.'
1 Hortns Vito/'The Spirit of Rome,' dec. Crown mo,
Ba Od. net. [Read]/ Tuesday next.
MOUNTAIN LOVERS.
By FIONA MAGLEOD. Crown 8ro, 6ft
IMPRESSIONS OF JAPANESE ARCHI-
TECTURE AND THE ALLIED ARTS.
By RALPH ADAMS CHAM, Follow of the American
Institute of Architects, Member of the Society of Arts.
London, and Fallow of the Royal Geographical society.
with 00 Illustrations reproduced from Photographa
Demy Mo, 10* (kl. net.
JOHN LANE,
The Bodley Head, Vigo Street, London, W.
A. :& C. BLACK'S
FIRST SPRING LIST.
DAYS WITH VELASQUEZ.
By Q LEWIS HIM). Author of ' Adva
among Pictures, ' 'Life's Littli . tc.
Containing 24 Full-Pagi !■• !■■ da ttom "i the
it's W'oik, H being fan Colour Facaiaafla,
Square deatj 8vo, cloth, pi i 7
BRUGES AND WEST
FLANDERS. Painted by A. FORE8TTER.
I>. i iU-.l byO. W. 'J. OlfOND. Containing
37 FuU-Page niustratiou*. in Ooloor. S<juare
demy Svo. eloth, gQi top, prim 10
J0HANNINE GRAMMAR. By
EDWIN A. ABBOTT, Author of 'Johannina
\'o< aliiilar\-.' 'Clue,' &'■. lKiny Svo, eloth,
prioe 18a, 6V£ net.
RELIGIONS OF THE PAST
AND THE RELIGION OF THE FUTURE.
By the AUTHOR of "THOUGHTS OF A
FREETHINKER ' Crown Bro, cloth, price
1". net.
MODERN COSMOGONIES. By
AGNE8 M. CLERKE. Author of A Popular
History of Astronomy (hiring the Nineteenth
Century,' 'Problems in Astrophysics,' &c.
Crown Svo. cloth, price ;•!-. (>'/. net.
BLACK'S MEDICAL DICTION-
ARY. By JOHN D. COMRIE. M.A.
M.B. M.R.C.P.E. Large crown 8v... eloth,
with over 350 Illustrations, price 7a. 6oL net.
THE BLACKMORE COUNTRY
Bv F. J. SNELL. Containing SO Illustrations
from Photographs },v Mrs. BARNES WARD.
Large crown 8vo, cloth, gilt top, pri •
A. & C. BLACK, Soho Square, London.
For Acidity of the Stomach.
For Heartburn and Headache,
For Gout and Indigestion.
D
INNEFORD'S
31
A G N E S I A.
For Sour Eructations and Bilious Affections.
A Safe and most effective Aperient for
regular use.
Insurant (fompanirs.
ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS, SICKNESS,
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, BURGLARY. AND
FIDELITY GUARANTEE RIsK^
iXSCREP AGAINST BY THE
■DATLWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
Capital (fully **b»sribsdj fl.nofl.nno.
61, OOBBHUX, LOXIH'N.
A T I 0 N A L
Claims raid toOOP.OOO.
A MAX. Stcmary.
N
Estak]
ioa
PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION
FOR MUTUAL LIFK ASSUB INGE.
Accumulated Fund over .. .. £6,000.000
Paid in Claims more than .. .. £12,400,000
PROFITS.
These are divided every five years solely amongst the
Assured. At the W0S Division a Cash Profit of £7< \."
apportioned amongst the members, being considerably/ more
than one-third Of ^be amount paid in premiums during the
previous five jean.
KN OOYVM K XT-ASSURANCE.
Policies are isstied, combining Life Assurance at minimum
cost with provision for Old age. and are singularly achan-
tacaona I- F. uovn..
Actuary and Secretary.
4J>, Gnvcechurch Street, London, K.C.
Applications fsr Ayrneies invited.
N°4088, March 3, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
279
MR. HEINEMANN'S ANNOUNCEMENTS.
To be published in 10 Fortnightly Parts, 2s. Gd. each net.
Size 14 in. by 10 in. Each Part sold separately.
REMBRANDT
(JULY 15, 1606— OCTOBER 8, 1669.)
A MEMORIAL OF HIS TERCENTENARY, JULY 15, 1906.
SEVENTY PLATES IN COLOUR AND PHOTOGRAVURE.
With a Study of the Master's Work by EMILE MICHEL, Member of the Institute of France.
In the three hundred years which have elapsed since Rembrandt was born, his
reputation has steadily grown, and it is due therefore to his memory (for all humanity owes
him a debt) that his Tercentenary should be celebrated with dignity and reverence. To
do so four publishing houses in four European countries have combined to prepare a really
worthy Memorial of his Work, to select from all that he has left the finest and noblest, and
to present it in a form so attractive that those who cannot visit the museums of Europe can
at home appreciate the overwhelming genius of the great Flemish artist.
Adequately to reproduce the Works of Rembrandt is an exceedingly difficult and
expensive process, and it has only been possible through this international combination to
produce a work perfect from an artistic standpoint at so reasonable a price that it is within
the reach of almost every purse.
A Luxurious Prospectus is NOW READY, and can be had of any Bookseller, or
by sending your Name direct to the Publisher.
The FIRST PART will be on Sale everywhere on MARCH 9, and the Publication
completed before the date of the Tercentenary.
IMPORTANT PUBLICATIONS.
Kakemono. A. H. EDWARDS. Japanese Sketches. Pott 4to, 7s. U. net.
Granada. Leonard Williams, studies and impressions. Pott4to, illustrated,
7a. 6e7. net.
New Egypt. A. B. DE GUERVILLE. Demy 8vo, illustrated, 16s. net.
"Any one going to Egypt for pleasure ought to have with him a copy." — Morning Po»t.
South America (through five republics of), percy f. martin.
Demy 8vo, Illustrations and Maps, 21s. net. " Nobody who proposes to invest money in South
American enterprises should do so without first reading Mr. Martin." — Outlook.
Frenzied Finance. T. W. LAWSON. Demy 8vo, 6s. "Mr. Lawson's amazing
story is quite as thrilling as an}- sensational novel, and far better written than the majority
of novels to boot." — Financial New*.
Sex and Character, otto weininger. Large 8vo, doth, i7s. net.
" An extraordinary book — no such book has ever been written." — Daily Mail.
The End Of the Age. LEO TOLSTOY. Demy 8vo, 2s. " Every line provokes
reflection." — Morning Leader.
6s. NOYELS BEING
Blue Jay. By peggy webling.
Tales of the Fish Patrol.
By JACK LONDON.
Fate's Intruder.
By FRANK SAVILE and
A. E. T. WATSON.
A Vendetta in Vanity Fair.
By ESTHER MILLER.
READ AND DISCUSSED.
Jules of the Great Heart.
By LAWRENCE MOTT.
A Lame Dog's Diary.
By S. MACNAUGHTAN.
(Second Impression.)
Miss Desmond.
By MARIE VAN YORST.
Barbara Rebell. (Second Impression.)
By Mrs. BELLOC LOWNDES.
ON MARCH 8.
Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.
IN THE ROARING FIFTIES.
BY
EDWARD DYSON,
Author of ' The Gold-Stealers.'
' In the Roaring Fifties ' is a bustling tale of the-
regeneration of Jim Done, the pariah of an old-
fashioned English village, whose youthful years-
have been darkened by a crime and embittered by
isolation and mistrust, but who finds new heart
in the free, breezy, desperate life of the gold-fields,,
in the early Australian digging days. The
uproarious stir of the camps, the rude, boyish
gaiety of the gold-seekers, and the excitement
of the riots, are brought vividly home to the
reader.
WITH 84 ILLUSTRATIONS.
Crown 8vo, cloth, 7s. Qd. net.
THE ROMANCE OF THE
SOUTH SEAS.
BY
CLEMENT L. WRAGGE, F.R.G.S.
No region is more interesting and full of"
romance than are the South Sea Islands, and all
who read Mr. Wragge's sparkling book, which is
the result of recent residence and travel "in the
Summer Isles in Eden," will admit that few more
fascinating works dealing with the subject have
appeared. The book is in two sections, the first
comprising ' The Prison of the Pacific,' as New
Caledonia, with its convict element, may well be
called ; and the second, ' A Trip to Tahiti rid
Rarotonga and Raiatea. ' Botanists, conchologists,
geologists, and students of tropical fish will all
find much to interest them. The numerous illus-
trations are from unique photographs of island
scenery and native life.
WILLIAM HEINEMANN, 21, Bedford Street, London, W.C.
ON MARCH 8.
Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s. net.
LITERARY RAMBLES IN
THE WEST OF ENGLAND.
BY
ARTHUR L. SALMON.
With a Frontispiece.
This book is an attempt at topography, chiefly
on its literary side. The author deals with the
living memories of his localities, rather than with
their dryasdust antiquities or unimportant pro-
vincialisms. He has endeavoured to evoke the
best traditions of each place around its central
memory ; he accompanies Borrow to Cornwall,
Keats to Teignmouth, Wordsworth to the Quail*
tocks, Coleridge and Tennyson to Clevedon. He
sojourns with Herrick at Dean Prior, and with
Hawker at Morwenstow ; lie tries to interpret the
message that Richard JelVeries gave to the world
from his Wiltshire home. One chapter follows the
ramblings of Celtic saints about the West Country;
another touohea the literary associations of old
Bristol ; another dreams of King Arthur at Tin-
bageL Hut muoh else of permanent interest will be
found in these ' Literary Rambles.'
London :
CHATTO & WIN'DUS, 1 1 1 , St. Martin'sLane, W.C.
280
T 11 E A Til KX.KI'M
N 4088, March :'>. 1906
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
THE STUDY OF HISTORY. An Inaugural
Leotore, by CHAK1.FS OMAN, M.A., C *lii<-)i<-l<- ]'i ..!. —,i «,i Modem
ii. '..i \ . s\... j i.i | M-r oovera, U. net.
THREE CHRONICLES OF LONDON, 118&-
1509. Edited, with Introduction Mod Notes, by CHARLES I. Kill-
BRIDGE KINGSFORD, M.A. SVo, cloth, 10*. \»l. net
The three Loodnn ChroQioIei ban edited an oontained in (l) Cotton.
M8. -i u hits l; ii. ; (2)apottoa Ms. Cleopatra 0 iv. ; (3) Cotton nf8. Vitelliua
A wj. They an- roughly continuous, and between then) oover the entire
period from I lS'.t to 1609.
ATHKX.l'A'M. "This scholarly work In addition to the valuable
introduction, Mr. Kingsford gives more than fifty pages of notes, in which
lie has dealt ohiefly with matters illustrating the history of London or the
text of the Chronicles. These notes exhibit the same fulness of learning that
apparent in the introduction."
GREENE'S PLAYS AND POEMS. Edited CATALOGUE OF SANSCRIT MANUSCRIPTS
SELECTED DRAWINGS FROM OLD
MASTERS IN THE UNIVERSITY GALLERIES. AND IN
THE LIBRARY AT CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD. Part IV.
1 intaining 20 J >r a .■. . try rcprodu ■-<! in ' Llotype.
Chosen and Deeoribed by SIDNEY D0LV11L Extra impel
li'.i-. net.
Content* of Purl 1 \' . Leonardo da Vlnd (by 01
Sodoma Filippino Lippi (2) Michelangelo I i < .
\'iti -Kaphael.CJ)— Correggio — Titian — Bierouymoi Bosch — Rembrandt (3
Sp.ignoletto — Nicolas Ponaain — Autoine W'atteau (2).
A SUMMARY CATALOGUE OF WESTERN
MANUSCRIPTS IN THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY AT OXFORD,
which have not hitherto ' dogued in tin ' -■ /.• -. Willi
References to the Oriental and other M88. by FALCONER MADAM,
M.A. 8vo. Vol, V., cloth, 2-J*. net; Vol. VI. Part L, papei
7«. (id net.
with Introdootiona and Notes, by J. CHURTON COLLINS, Litt.D,
•J vols. Svo, cloth, 18*. net.
NOTES AND QUERIES.— "An important addition to the fine series
oJ dramatia reprints undertaken by the Clarendon Press Prof. Chmrton
Collins's aspiration to make the edition final and definitive may well be
gratified. Possessor of unsurpassable taste and animated by a rigid con-
servatism, he has gone in every instance to the oldest quartos."
BLAKE'S POETICAL WORKS. A New and
Verbatim Text from the Manuscript, Engraved, and Letterpress
Originals. With Variorum Readings and Bibliographical Notes and
Profanes. By JOHN SAMPSON, M.A. 8vo, cloth, 10«. 6d. net.
ATHEN.EUSl. — "Mr. Sampson's edition of Blake is a masterpiece of
ing, and Blake, of all modern English poets, was most in need of a good
•editor. The text of Blake, as it can be read in the two most accessible
editions, differs widely, and in neither edition does it profess to l>e printed as
Blake wrote it."
JOHNSONS LIVES OF THE POETS. Edited
by GEORGE BIRKBECK HILL, D.C.L. With Brief Memoir of
Dr. Birkbeck Hill by his Nephew, HAROLD SPENCER SCOTT, M.A.
3 vols. 8vo, leather back, 21. 2*. net ; in cloth, 1/. 16;*. net.
NOTES AND QUERIES.— "To the scholar and the man of letters Dr.
Birkbeck Hill's will remain not only the best, but the only conceivable edition
* tf the ' Lives. ' So large is the mass of information these volumes contain that
they form an indispensable portion of the equipment of the student It is
not easy to over-estimate the value of this edition as a contribution to
literature."
SCENES FROM OLD PLAYB00KS, arranged
as an Introduction to Shakespeare. By PERCY SIMPSON. With
Reproduction of the Swan Theatre. Crown Svo, cloth, 3s. Gd.
MER0PE, by Matthew Arnold; and
SOPHOCLES' ELECTRA, translated by R. WHITELAW. Edited
by J. CHURTON COLLINS, Litt.D. Crown 8vo, cloth. [Shortly.
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR OF DR. WILLIAM
MARKHAM, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK. By his great-grandson,
Sir CLEMENTS MARKHAM, K.C.B. With a Portrait. Svo, cloth,
ae. net.
THE BOOK OF JOB IN THE REVISED
VERSION. Edited, with Introductions and Brief Annotations, by
8. R. DRIVER, D.D. Litt.D. Crown Svo, cloth, 2s. bU net.
[Shortly.
CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY. By C. Mercier,
M.B. F.R.C.P. F.R.C.S., Lecturer on Insanity at the Westminster
Hospital Medical School and at the Medical School of the Royal Free
Hospital. Svo, cloth, 7a. 6rf. net.
BIRMINGHAM POST.— "If we are not mistaken, this work of Dr.
Mercier's will speedily be recognized as the most authoritative book on this
difficult subject Should prove of equal interest and usefulness to the
medical man, the jurist, the psychologist, and social reformer."
INDEX VERB0RUM
J. S. PHILLIMORE, M.A.
PR0PERTIANUS. By
Crown Svo, cloth, 4a. Gd.
IN THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY. Begun by MORLZWINTERNITZ,
Ph.D. Continued and Completed by ARTHUR BERRIEDALE
KEITH, B.C.L., with a Preface by E. W. B. NICHOLSON, MA.
4to, cloth, 25*9. net.
A TAMIL PROSE READER, adapted to the
Tamil Handbook. By the Rev. <;. U. POPE, D.D. Svo, clot;.
PFEFFERS PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANTS, a
Treatise upon the Metabolism and Sources of Energy, in Plant *. Seeood
fully revised Edition, Translated and Edited by A. J. EWART.
Vol. III., completing the work. Royal Svo, cloth, 18a net; hali-
morocco, 21a net. \Inii,-
JOURNAL OF BOTANY (reviewing Vol. II.).— " English studei.
plant-physiology will be glad to have in their own tongue a presentation
Dr. Pfeffer's well-known work, with the additional advantages of Dr. Ewart"s
editorial revision and critical notes Numerous references to special papers
are given throughout the book, and add considerably to its value u> the sp»
student of plant-physiology. The general botanist will find in the sub
matter an exposition of a phase of his science, treated in a more readable way
than was the subject of the earlier volume."
net.
ALSO PUBLISHED BY HENRY FROWDE.
A BODLEIAN MS. OF C0PA, M0RETUM,
AND OTHER POEMS OF THE APPENDIX VERGILIANA.
By R. ELLIS, M.A. Crown Svo, paper covers, la net.
MICHEL DE L'HOSPITAL AND HIS POLICY.
By A. E. SHAW, M.A. Litt.D. Svo, paper covers, 3a. net.
NA TION (New York). — "A very interesting personage L'Hospital
stands out among his contemporaries in France nearly as strongly as More
does in England : and although Mr. Slmw does not venture on the broad field
of historical parallels, yet he does useful work by his painstaking summary i
the subject."
A HISTORY OF THE POST-REFORMATION
CATHOLIC MISSIONS IN OXFORDSHIRE. With an Account
of the Families connected with them. By Mrs. BRYAN STAPLE'!' ' \
Svo, cloth, 10*. (id. net.
SECOND EDITION, REVISED, THIRD THOUSAND.
Crown Svo, pp. xvi-4'is.
AUTHOR AND PRINTER. A Guide for
Authors, Editors, Printers, Correctors of the Press, Compositors, and
Typists. With full List of Abbreviations. An attempt to codify the
Best Typographical Practices of the Present Day. Ry F. HOWARD
COLLINS, with the assistance of many Authors. Editors, Priir
and Correctors of the Press. Cloth, 5& net ; leather back and corners,
8a. M. net.
G. B. S. in the AUTHOR.— " Mr. Howard Collins has certainly done
this job extraordinarily well."
EARLY ENGRAVINGS AND ENGRAVERS
IN ENGLAND (1545-1695). A Critical and Historical Essav by
SIDNEY COLV1N, M.A. Folio, buckram sides, leather back, "wit Ii
41 Photogravure Facsimiles ami 4»i Illustrations in the Text . t06s.net.
Printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum.
COMPLETE CATALOGUE POST FREE ON APPLICATION.
London : HENRY FROWDE, Oxford University Press, Amen Corner, E.C.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to "THE EDITOR "— Adveitisementa and Business Letters to "THE PUBLISHERS "-at the Office. Breams Buildings. Chancery Lane. E.C
Published Weekly by JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS at Breams Building* Chancery Lane, E.C.. and Printed by J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Athenaeum Preaa, Bream's Buddings, Chancery Lane, B.C.
Agents lor Scotland, Messrs. BELL A BKADFUTK -nd Mr. JOHN MKMIES, Edinburgh Saturday, March J, ISC*.
THE ATHENAEUM
Q
Jhrarmd rf (Bngltslj an& Sfoatjjtt Iterators, ^mnn>, % $'mt M*> 0m anb tfo Brama.
No. 4089.
SATURDAY, MARCH 10, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
R
OYAL HISTORICAL SOCIEEY.
(Lncorporated by Royal Charter. I
An ORDINARY MEETING of the SOCIETY will he held on
THURSDAY. March 16, at 5 r.M., in CLIFFORDS INN HAU.
FLEET STREET, when Prof. H. F. PELHAM (President of Trinity
■College, Oxford) will read a Paper on 'A CHAPTER IN ROMAN
FRONTIER HISTORY -THE ANNEXATION liEYONDTHE
RHINE.' H. E. MALDEN, Hon. Sec.
(BsIjiIjiti0tts.
o
BACH & CO. 168, New Bond Street, W.
The Right Hon. Sir JOHN C DAY'S COLLECTION.
Third Part : DUTCH WATER COLOURS.
NOW ON VIEW.
ROYAL SOCIETY OF PAINTER- ETCHERS
AND ENGRAVERS, 5a, Pall Mall, S.W. 24th ANNUAL
EXHIBITION NOW OPEN, DAILY, 10-6. Admission Is.
W. P. D. STEBBING, Secretary.
EXHIBITION of PICTURES by DECEASED
ENGLISH MASTERS, chiefly of the NORWICH SCHOOL,
-and EXHIBITION of PAINTINGS by CHAS. SIMS.
THE LEICESTER GALLERIES, Leicester Square.
MASTERPIECES by DURER, MERYON,
SEYMOUR HADEN, and WHISTLER.
EXHIBITION NOW OPEN at MR. R. GUTEKCNST'S.
16, King Street, St. James's, S.W., 10-6. la.
ROYAL
ACADEMY EXHIBITION,
RECEIVING DAYS.
1900.
WATER COLOURS, MINIATURES, BLACK-and-WHITE DRAW-
INGS. ENGRAVINGS. ETCHINGS, ARCHITECTURAL DRAW-
INGS, and all other Works under Glass, FRIDAY, March 30.
OIL PAINTINGS, SATURDAY, March 31, aud MONDAY,
April 2.
SCULPTURE, TUESDAY', April.1.
Not more than Three Works may be sent in by any one Artist.
Works will only be received at the Burlington Gardens entrance.
Hours for the reception of Works 7 a.m. to 10 p.m.
Forms of Labels can be obtained from the Academy during the
month of March on receipt of a stamped and addressed envelope.
c
ITY AND COUNTY OF NEWCASTLE-
UPON-TYNE.
LAING ART GALLERY AND MUSEUM.
SPECIAL LOAN EXHIBITION OF WORKS BY T. M.
RICHARDSON, SEN., *c
A SPECIAL EXHIBITION of WORKS by T. M. RICHARDSON,
Sen., T. M. RICHARDSON, Jun., and OTHER MEMBERS of the
RICHARDSON FAMILY, will OPEN in MAY. The Committee trust
that Owners will assist in forming an important Record of the Worksof
these Artists, by contributing Examples in their possession. Expenses
of Transit, Insurance, fcc, will be defrayed. Particulars may In-
obtained from the Curator, Mr. C. BERNARD STEVENSON.
T^TATIONAL ART COLLECTIONS FUND.
-LI Chairman-LORD BALCARRES, M.P., F.S.A.
Object : The Acquisition of Works of Art for the National Collections.
Minimum Annual Subscription, One Guinea.
2,000/. still required to complete the purchase of the Rokeby
Velasquez.
Address THE HON. SECRETARIES. National Art-Collections
Fund, 47, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
Jlrohturnt Institutions.
N
EWSVENDORS' BENEVOLENT
PROVIDENT INSTITUTION.
Founded 1839.
Funds exceed 25,0007.
AND
■Office: Memorial Hall Buildings, 16, Farringdon Street, London. E.C.
Patron :
The Right Hon. THE EARL OF ROSEBERY, K.G. K.T.
President :
The LORD GLENESK.
Treasurer :
THE LONDON AND WESTMINSTER BANK, LIMITED.
A Donation of Ten Guineas constitutes a Vice-President and gives
chrec votes for life at all elections. Each Donation of Three Guineas
irives a vote at all elections fur life. Every Annual Subscriber is
-entitled to one rote at all elections in respect of each Five- Shillings
so paid.
MEMBERSHIP— Every Man or Woman throughout the United
Kingdom, whether Publisher, Wholesaler, Retailer. Employer, or
Employed, is entitled t" become a Member of this Institution, and
enjoy its benefits upon payment of Five Shillings annually, or Three
Guineas for life, provided that he or she is engaged in tin- Bale OI
Newipa nchMemhers who thus contribute secure priority
-of consideration in the event of their needing aid 'from the Institution.
PEN8ION8.— The Annuitants now number Thirty-six the men
receiving 2M, ami the Women 2»/. per annum each, and they include:—
The "Royal Victoria Pension Fund," which was established In 1387
and enlarged in is<i7. 1901, and IMS, perpetually commemorates the
great advantages the News Trade enjoyed under Hi.- rule of Her late
Majesl '/ ■■ n • i. ii.ria, provides Pensions of 20'. a veal eai h for Six
Widows of Newsi endoi b.
The " Francis Fund " provides Pensions for One Man. BB., and One
Woman 301., and was specially subscribed In memory "t the late John
Francis, who died on Ipril «, 1 882, and was for more than fifty years
Publisher of the Atiunaitm. He took an active and leading pari
igbout the whole period of the agitation for the repeal of the
various then existing " Taxes on Knowledge," and was for vei v many
years a staunch supporter of this instil utlon
w. wiLKtE Jones. Secretary,
THE BOOKSELLERS' PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION.
Founded 1837.
Patron-HER MAJESTY QUEEN ALEXANDRA.
Invested Capital, 30,000!.
A UNIQUE INVESTMENT
Offered to London Booksellers and their Assistants.
A young man or woman of twenty-five can invest the sum of Twenty
Guineas lor its equivalent by instalments), and obtain the right to
participate in the following advantages :—
FIRST. Freedom from want in time of Adversity as long as need
exists.
SECOND. Permanent Relief in Old Age.
THIRD. Medical Advice by eminent Physicians and Surgeons.
For further information apply to the Secretary Mr. GEORGE
LARNER, 28, Paternoster Row, E.C
(gbucaiional.
FRANCES MARY BUSS MEMORIAL
SCHOLARSHIP.
A TRAVELLING SCHOLARSHIP of 80?. will lie awarded, in MAY
NEXT, for purposes of Educational Study abroad, to a Woman fully
Qualified as a Secondary School Teacher. Candidates should hold II) a
University Degree or its equivalent ; (21 a Certificate of Efficiency as a
Teacher ; 13) have experience of five years' Teaching in a Secondary
School ; (4i should undertake to carry out a satisfactory Scheme of
Study abroad and report thereon. Applications, with five copies of not
more than three recent Testimonials, to be made before APRIL 1 to
the SECRETARY, F.M.B. Memorial Scholarship, North London
Collegiate School for Girls, Sandall Road, London, N.W.
Q.T. PAUL'S GIRLS' SCHOOL,
k3 - BROOK GREEN, W.
An EXAMINATION for FOUNDATION SCHOLARSHIPS, open
to Girls under 1ft years of age, will be held at the SCHOOL on
APRIL 3, 4, and 5. These Scholarships exempt the holders from
the payment of Tuition Fees.— Further particulars may be obtained
from the HEAD MISTRESS at the School.
EDUCATION (choice of Schools and Tutors
Gratis).— Prospectuses of English and Continental Schools, and
of successful Army. Civil Service, and University Tutors, sent ifree of
charge! on receipt of requirements by GRIFFITHS, SMITH,
PoWELL & SMITH, School Agents (established 1833), 34, Bedford
Street, Strand, W.C.
EDUCATION. — PROSPECTUSES and parti-
culars of SCHOOLS for BOYS and GIRLS
in ENGLAND and ABROAD
supplied to Parents free of charge. State full requirements.
UNIVERSITY SCHOLASTIC AGENCY, 122, Regent Street, London.
Established 1858.
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOK'R of SCHOOLS for BOYS or CURLS or
TUTOKS in England or abroad
are invited to call uj»on er send fully detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GAIUIITAS. THRING & CO.,
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. THRING, Nephew of the
late Head Master of Uppingham, 36, Sackvillc Street, London, \V
Situations Vacant.
C
ITY
O F
LIVERPOOL.
The LIVERPOOL EDUCATION COMMITTEE are prepared to
receive applications for the apiwintment of DIRECTOR of EDUCA-
TION.
The person appointed will be required to take charge of the
Administrative Work under the control of the Committee, and to
advise upon all Educational questions relating to the general provision
and co-ordination of Education in the City.
The person apiioiiitcd will l>e required to devote his whole time to
the duties of the office.
A commencing Salary of 1,000?. per annum will be paid.
Particulars of the duties to be performed may be had on application
to the Town Clerk, Municipal Offices, Dale street. Liverpool.
Applications, with copies of recent Testimonials unit exceeding six),
must be sent to the Town Clerk on or before MARCH 20, 1900,
endorsed " Director of Education."
Personal canvassing of members of the Committee or of the City
Council will disqualify Candidates
EDWARD R. PICKMERE. Town Clerk.
February 22, 1900.
u
NIVERSITY COLLEGE OF WALES,
ABERYSTWYTH.
(A Constituent College of the University of Wales.)
Professorship of English.
The COUNCIL invite applications for the post of PROFESSOR OF
ENGLISH at the above College, at a Salary of SOOi. a year.
Applications, together with seventy-five printed copies of Testi-
monials, must reach the Registrar not later than TUESDAY',
March 13, i<toti.
Full particulars may lie obtained from the undersigned.
J. 11. DAYTE8, MA, Registrar.
K
IN(TS SCHOOL, GRANTHAM.
APPOINTMENT OF HEAD MASTER
The GOVERNORS of the above SCHOOL of the Foundation
of Richard Pox, Bishop "f 'Winchester, and ..f King Edward VI,
Intend to proceed to the appointment id a HEAD MASTER. Candi-
dates must !"■ bet ween the ages of 28 and 40 years, and he Graduates
.if some University within the British Empire. The Head Master,
when elected, will be subject te the Schemes of the Charity Com-
mission and of the Board 01 Education. Applications by the
nth MAKcil prox.- Particulars of the appointment can be obtained
rrom \i BREV 11 M UJM, Clerk totheQovt rn
Grantham, February 38, i»o«.
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
FRANCE.-The ATHENJEUM can be
obtained at the following Railway Stations
in France:—
AMIENS, ANTIBES. BEAULIEU SUR-MER, BIARRITZ, BOR-
DEAUX. BOULOGNE, CALAIS, CANNES, DIJON, DUNKIRK.
GENEVA, GOLFE-JUAN, HAVRE, HYERES. JUAN-LES PINS.
LILLE, LYONS, MARSEILLES, MENTONE, MONACO, MONTE
CARLO, NANTES, NICE, PARD3 (Est, Nord, Lyon), PAU, ROUEN.
SAINT RAPHAEL, TOULON, TOURS.
PARIS: W. H. SMITH k SON, 348, Rue de Rivoli; and at th«
GALIGNANI LIBRARY, 324, Rue de Rivoli.
ENGLISH LECTORSHIP AT THE UNIVER-
SITY OF UPSALA.
The ENGLISH LECTORSHIP will become VACANT on JULY I,
1906.
Qualifications :— The Lector must be born of English parents, and
have received a liberal English education. He should speak educated
Southern English without any provincial accent. Knowledge of
Swedish not required, but preference given to Candidate lxissossing
some knowledge of a Scandinavian Language or German. Some
previous practice in teaching English necessary. Age about 2S to::i>.
Unmarried.
Duties :— Public Lessons Six Hours Weekly during the Two Terms
(September 1 to middle of December, and middle of January to end of
Mayl. Private Lessons when required by Students. Practical Instruc-
tion in Pronunciation, Conversation, Reading, and Translation into
English. With regard to his Public Courses the Lector is bound to
take the advice of the Professor of English.
Emoluments :— :l,000 kronor (=1651.) a year, paid Quarterly. Private
Lessons, of course, paid extra. The Lector may reckon on earning
altogether .'i.SOO to 4,000 kronor a year, depending on his own exertions.
Engagement :— The Lector will lie engaged for two years (July, 1906,
to June, 19081. Appointment may In- renewed for some years more, ill
case of mutual satisfaction, but it is hereby expressly stated that the
Lectorship cannot be held for life.
Applicants requested to send in Name, Statements, and Testi-
monials to Prof. AXEL ERDMANN, Upsala, Sweden, before
APRIL 1 NEXT.
QT AFFORDSHIRE EDUCATION
kJ COMMITTEE.
A HEAD MISTRESS is REQUIRED for the PUPIL-TEACHER
CENTRE at 1SILSTON. Preference will lie given to Candidates who
are registered (or qualified for registration) In Column B of the
Teachers' Register. Salary \~ol. per annum.
Canvassing will disqualify.
Forms of Application must lie returned not later than MARCH 17,
and can tie obtained from
GRAHAM BALFOUR, MA.
County Education Offices, Stafford,
March 5, 1908.
K
ENT EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
SITTINGBOURNE HIGHER EDUCATION SUBCOMMITTEE.
COUNTY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, SITTINGBOURNE.
WANTED, after EASTER, an ASSISTANT MISTRESS at the
above-named School, to teach chiefly English and Arithmetic. Degree.
or equivalent, essential; Games and Needlework desirable. Initial
Salary, non-resident, 90(.-110(. per annum, according to qualifications;
and experience.
Application Forms will lie supplied by Mr. E. BRIGDEN. Terrace
Road, Sittingbourne, to whom they must be returned,
Canvassing will be considered a disqualification.
By Order of the Committee.
FRAS. W. CROOK, Secretary.
44, Bedford Row, London, W.C, February 21, 1906.
LIBRARIAN TO THE SOCIETY OF WRITERS
TO HIS MAJESTY'S SIGNET.
The Office of LIBRARIAN to the SOCIETY of WRITER to HIS
MAJESTY S SIGNET, recently held by the late Mr. John Philip
Edmond. being NOW VACANT, applications for the Office, accom-
panied by twenty-five copies of Testimonials, may be made, on or
before MARCH 20, 190G, to JAMES H. NOTMAN, Writer to the
Signet, IS, Y'ork Place, Edinburgh, clerk to the Seciety, from whom
any further information may be obtained.
February 10, 1906.
N
E YV
Z E A
N D.
SCIENCE MASTER.
Applications are invited for the appointment of SCIENCE MASTER
I Physics and Chemistry) at the AUCKLAND GRAMMAR SCHOOL
NEW ZEALAND. Salary 800?., rising to :::>"/. Passage allowance
60J.— For further particulars, aud for Application Forms, apply t.i the
HIGH COMMISSIONER For new ZEALAND, 13, Victoria Street,
London, s.w.
March 2. 1906.
WANTED, a SCIENCE ASSISTANT for the
I.EVToN PUPIL-TEACHER CENTRE, A Graduate In
s,i, ,,r an Associate of the Royal College of Science prefi
The Gentleman appointed will be required to assist in the ;
work of the Centre, but will teach mainly Science. Salary i4»? per
annum, applications, u\ be returned hy MARCH 19, must '•■
on Forms to be obtained from THE SECRETARY, Leyton Local
Committee, Technical Institute, Leyton, (Send stamped addressed
envelope.)
PUHLISHINC An OPENING occurs in a
PUBLISHING 1'IRM for a Working PARTNER with
capital, to develops n Publishing Business. Write PUBLISHER,
3, Linden Mansions, Homsej Lane, v
\ N OPENING occurs for intelligent YOUTH
1 \ to train to till an Important POSITION in LONDON RDITOR S
OFFICE Excellent future, Premium 180?.- Iddri 'udd's
B, umvn \ j, I,,, i;i Street, London, r l
282
THE ATHENiEUM
N°4089, March 10, 1906
Situations Mnnirft.
LA1>Y SECRETARY, experienced, demreBoew
APPOINTMENT, Individual or Society. Blghast Literary
tiualiflrations Mid i .t >. 1 1.< 1 i. .i.n.i... French, On man. Research
\\,.ik ;,i-,. t> i,- Writlngnml Shorthand).- Arnilj Boa low, Auunaram
r Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lena. jCC,
LADY BEt RETARY to Philanthropic 8 tj
deairet ADDITIONAL SECBETAR1AL WOKS for ■ FF.w
HOURS DAILY. Experienced; good Accountant and Shorthand
T\|.i..i - Win. H.. car* of Wflllnj/a, 73, Knlghtabridje, 8.W.
►RIVATE SECRETARYSHIP derir/ed by
l a l'V »nii good Qualifications and experience.— Addreaa /. 1>..
tnu ..i Messrs. Deaci n s, Leadenhall Street, London, E.c.
LADY (aged 21) seeks RE-ENGAGEMENT
PRIVATE skckktakv. <;..,h1 Correspondent unci Wri...
Fire and ■ hall years with an Author.— Address Miss AMY BAUM,
I?. Harlboro Place, Brighton.
as
Iter.
AMANUENSIS.— Experienced LITERARY or
SCIENTIFIC work. Fluent Shorthand and Typewriting.
—A. L.. SS, Kensington Place, Notting Hill Gate, W,
EXCEPTIONAL ACQUAINTANCE WITH
PUBLISH KK8.— The Advertiser, who has the alxne advantage,
deeiree ENGAGEMENT to KEPRE8ENT a PRINTER or BINDER,
oraa Manager to a Publisher. He is fully experienced in all depart-
ments, Literary and Commercial. References quite satisfactory.—
Box low. Athensram Press, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.c.
AN active Y 0 U N G M A N (23) requires
SITUATION as PUBLISHER'S or BOOKSELLERS ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply good references.— T., Box 1070, Athenaeum Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane. E.C.
TO NEWSPAPER PROPRIETORS.—
NATURAL HISTORY. FIELD SPORTS. &c— A lopular
NATURALIST WRITER, Scientific and Field, extensive Sportsman,
Traveller in many lands, is prepared to SUPPLY WEEKLY
ARTICLES. Terms moderate. Highest references to present
Employers.— Apply G. U. 8., Box lOtw, Athenaeum Press, \i, Bream's
Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
TRANSLATION, Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing, Encyclopaedic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Non-Resident Secretaryship. Classics. French. German, Italian,
Spanish. Anglo-Saxon. Special subjects : Mythology and Literature.
Varied experience. Moderate terms.— Miss SELBY, 5a, Talbot Road, W.
LITERARY' RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials.— A B.. Box 1062, Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream's Build-
ings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
Mizct\imtatu&.
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK and INDEXING.— Apply Miss PETHERBRIDGE (Nat,
Sci. Tripos), 52a, Conduit Street, Bond Street, London, W.
HUGUENOT and FRENCH CANADIAN
PEDIGREES in ENGLAND, and prior to Emigration from
France. lo.oon Pedigrees, mostly MS. Unpublished and Private
Sources.— C. LART, Cnarmouth, Dorset ; and London.
Husnuss for Disposal.
BUSINESS for SALE.— BOOK, LIBRARY,
STATIONERY, and BRANCH POST OFFICE. — In MON-
TREAL—High Chun, Best Residential District. Long Established.
Valuation about 1,0007. sterling. Terms, say half prompt, and instal-
ments. Owner has undertaken a Government appointment. Would
advise in any way.— Reply, in first instance, to BOOKMAN. Box 1092,
Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C
f&xrpt-WLriUxs.
TYPE- WRITING.— MRS., SCIENTIFIC, and
of all Descriptions, COPIED. Special attention to work
requiring care. Dictation Rooms (Shorthand or Type-Writing}.
Usual terms.— Misses E. B. and I. FAKRAN, Donington House, 30,
Norfolk Street, Strand, London.
TYPE- WRITING, M. per 1,000 words. —PLAYS,
NOVELS. ESSAYS, Ac, with promptitude and accuracy. Carbon
Copies a speciality. Highest references.— M. KING, 7, Corona Villas,
Pinner Road, Harrow.
TYPE-WRITING undertaken by highly educated
Women (Classical Tripos ; Cambridge Higher Local ; Modern
Languages). Research. Revision. Translation, Dictation Room.—
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPE-WRITING AGENCY, 10. Duke Street,
Adelphi, W.C.
AUTHORS' MBS., M. per 1,000 words.
SERMONS, PLAYS, ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPED at home (Remington). Good paper. Orders promptly exe-
cuted.—M. L. L., 7, Vernon Road; now known as IS, Edgeley Road,
Clapham. S.W.
A UTHORS' MSB. , NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
J\- ESSAYS TYPE-WRITTF.N with comntete accuracy. get per
1,000 words. Clear Carbon Copies guaranteed. Referc-nccH to well-
known Writers.— M. STUART, Thirlbank. KoxlwroughRoad, Harrow.
TYPE-WRITER.— PLAYS and MSS. of every
description. Carbon and other Duplicate or Manifold Copies.
—Miss E. at TIGAR, 64, Maitland Park Road, Havcrstock Hill, N W.
Established 1884.
TYPE-WRITING.— The WEST KENSINGTON
OFFICIOS. Authors' MSS.. Translations. &c. Legal and General
('..living. Circulars, &c. duplicated. Usual Terms. References.
Established thirteen years.— si KEN & SIKES, 229, Hammersmith
Road, W. (Private Address: 13, Wolrerton Gardens, Hammersmith.)
A UTHORS' MSS., ARTICLES, &c, neatly and
A accurately TYPE-WRITTEN by experienced Typists, iorf.
i.er l.ooo. Highest references. Duplicating, shorthand.— W. & S.
SASTEY, U», Clonmore Street, Southficl.ls, S.W.
^.utljora' ^nts.
gHORT STORIES, ARTICLES, POEM8,
NOVELS,
PLACED PBOMPTIT. ATHIGIIF.ST I'ltKL'S HUNDREDS 0»
TESTIMONIALS,
ri wSmWto1 A»tt« **•*•• :-" Vour agency having beta strun'jly
A I '..ntril.iit..i: to the Strand UaOtUhu writes :-"Not only do I find
thatdirec deallngwith Editors and Publishers taxes up too much of
my time, but also by employing your Agency the prices paid mi
tar more advantageous than I can ..Main myseU."
A < •'lit i ii.iit..i to the /.,„„/„„ tfagatbu writes:— " I urn somewhat
surprised to learn that the Editor of has accepted my - t
story, as [sent it to him myself just before I sent it to you, and then
he promptly refused it.
Ljrell-lmown Editor writes:-" Through the Cambridge literary
Agency I nave got to writ,- for publications that I should not other-
wise bavec a In contact with."
A. Free Lane,- writes: "The price 16O/.1 obtained for the series of
interrlews ror Pearson t Magawbu is entirely satisfactory."
An unknown Author (one of many) writes :—" I thank v.ra for vour
good news. I accept the offer for my short story with all the pleasure
ot a ftrn Bueet is.
CAMBRIDGE LITERARY AGENCY,
IIS. STRAND, W.C.
rpHE FICTION EDITOR for some time, and the
JL Literary Reader ("Taster") for many years of the Hassan.
Harmsworth, having resigned his appointment, ADVISES UPON
MSS. OF E\EK\ KIND. The discoverer and prompter of many
^, ■■",'. }. I'1,'.''1 s- ,1''";""1 ■' speciality.— Apply authors' ADVISORY
BLREAl . JO. Buckingham Street, West Strand, London, W C
rpHE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
J-, .The interests of Authors capably represented. Agreements for
I'liMishmg arranged. MSS. ,, laced with Publishers—Terms ■ d Testi-
menials on application to Mr. A. M. HfKGHES. 34. Paternoster Row.
MR. GEORGE LARNER, Accountant and
Licensed Valuer to the Bookselling. Publishing, Newspaper,
I rinting, and Stationery Trades. Partnerships Arranged. Balance
Sheets and Trading Accounts Prepared and Audited. All Business
earned out under Mr. Larner's personal supervision.— 28 29 and 30
Pat.-rnoster Row, E.C, Secretary to the Booksellers' Provident
Institution.
|UhJ5pap*r Agents.
IV" E W S P A P E R P RrO P E R T I E S
-Ll BOUGHT, SOLD. VALUED. AND SUPPLIED WITH
EVERY REQUISITE.
The LDndon Agency of an additional limited number of Provincial
and Colonial Newspapers can be undertaken.
Full particulars from
THE IMPERIAL NEWS AGENCY",
2 and 4, Tudor Street, London, E.C.
NORTHERN NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE,
-L~ KENDAL, ENGLAND,
Supplies Editors with all kinds of Literary Matter, and is open to hear
from Authors concerning Manuscripts— which should be submitted by
arrangement.
N
EWSPAPER PROPERTIES
SOLD, VALUED.
PROPERTIES FOR PURCHASE ION BOOKS.
WALTER WELLSMAN, Licensed Valuer,
20, New Bridge Street, London.
A THENiEUM PRESS.— JOHN EDWARD
XL FRANCIS. Printer of the Athenttum, Notet and Queries, 4c. is
prepared to SUBMIT ESTIMATES for all kinds of BOOK, NEWS,
and PERIODICAL PRINTING.— 13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, E.C.
Catalogues.
LEIGH TON'S
TLLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of EARLY
JL PRINTED and other INTERESTING BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS,
and BINDINGS,
OFFERED FOR SALE BY
J. & J. LEIGHTON, 40, Brewer Street, Golden Square, W.
Thick Svo, 1,738 pp., 6,200 items, with upwards of 1.350 Reproductions
in Facsimile.
Bound in art cloth, gilt tops, 25s. ; half-morocco, gilt tops, 30s.
BOOKS. — Largest Stock in London of
PUBLISHERS REMAINDER STOCKS,
All in perfectly new condition as originally published,
but at GREATLY REDUCED PRICES.
FEBRUARY SUPPLEMENTARY CATALOGUE JUST READY
WILLIAM GLAISHER,
Remainder and Discount Bookseller, 265, High Holborn. London.
THE INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
No. 141. containing a Special Article, entitled 'MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY and MATTER.' by Prof. ALFRED W.
PORTER. Specimen Copies gratis- WILLI AMS 4 NORGATE
Book Im]iorters, 14, Henrietta Street. Covent Garden, W.C.
HH. PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street, Leicester,
. Issues CATALOGUES of MSS. and RARE books i*.st free
to P.ook Collectors. CATALOGUE 16, Issued SATURDAY. Feb-
ruary 21. contains Holinshed's chronicles — Autographs— Hooks on
Ireland— Books with Woodcuts— Miscellaneous Old Literature. 4c.
READERS and COLLECTORS will find it to
their advantage to write for 3. BALDWINS MONTHLY
CATALOGUE of SECOND-HAND BOOKS, sent i>ost free on applica-
tion. Books in all Branches of Literature. Genuine bargains in
S.ar.e Items and First Editions. Rooks sent on approval if desired.—
Address 14. Osbome Road, Lcyton, Essex.
0
IJ) AND RARE B 0 O K S.
CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,
not.. I BIBLIOGRAPHICALLY and BIOGRAPHICALLY,
In. biding Fir. I >.i Early Editions ot in. Writings of practically every
EngUah Author from ( hau. »-r to It L. SU-Tenson.
804 pp Hvo, with I'.«. ripUonJ and Selling Price* of nearly 4,000 Rare
IfcK.ks. half-cloth, i«^i free. (a. tid.
This Catalogue bit bean pr ainoed on all side* to >w the most
int.-i.-.t in j Bookseller's Catalogue on the rahjaet ever iskuisl.
CATALOG I K OF 8PORT8, PASTIMES,
A UTS, AND SCIENCES.
Rtt pp. Bro, with DeacriptSooi rod BeUiiu Prioei oi m-arlj 2.000 om or
Bare l>>uk.3 ttpoo sUmosI vrery Brancsb nl Bparti BotaDat, or Art.
I*;iiM-r oorar, |*f*t free, ttrf.
CATALOGUE OF MIS( !ELLANEOU8 BOOKS.
ISO pp. svo. with Descriptions and Selling Prices of about 800 Old
or Bare Books.
Including Works on Africa. America, Australasia — First Editions of
Books illustrated by Randolph laid.-. ..tt. George and Rotiert Cruik-
shank, Richard Doyle, Harry Furnesa, James Gnllray, Bmed Q rises;
John Leech, Hablot K. Browne iPhisl. Henry Aiken. Thoman
Rowlandson. and numerous rare Works with Coloured Plat
Interesting Collection of 01.1 Curioaa, Erotica, Facetiae, old Ron,
Chap luw.ks. and Children's Books— numerous Topographical Works
relating to most of the Counties of Kllkfland. Ir.l.in.l. Scotland, and
Wal.-s -fine Illuminated Manuscripts with Miniatuii-s— a laluable
Assemblage of Barly Typographical Specimens, in.iuiliug many rare
Editiones Prindpesand Examples of the Early Punters.
Paper cover. i«jst free, 6J.
CATALOGUE OF TRACTS AXI) PAMPHLETS,
Chiefly historical ;m.l TOPOGRAPHS AX
2t8 pp. 8vo, with Uescriptions and Belling Prices of :t.000 Kart T:
aud P;iiiii'Iilt.'ts,
Including Itemfl nn Africa — America — Queen Anne— AMro.o?v—
Il'ilii.pUhirc — Berkshire — lluckinuhamshirc - CaiiifinMResIure— i'i\ i\
War— Charles Land II. — Channel talanda — Cheshire— Ooinmanwealth
—Cornwall— Oliver Cromwell — Cumberland — I>erbnhire — DeroiiBhire
— Dorsetshire— Durham — Economics and Trade— Queen EUnbeth—
Essex— Flanders— France— George I. and II— German?— Glouceater-
fchire — Hampshire— Herefordshire— Hertfordshire— Holland — I ulaii' I
— James Land 1 L— . I esuits— J cws-Kent— Lancashire— Lsaw— Leicester-
shire — Lincolnshire — London — Middlesex — Monmouthshire — Norfolk
— Northamptonshire — Northum.M_'rland — Nottinghamshire — Oxford*
shire— Popery— Popish Plot— Pretender (the Young and Old*— Printing
— Prynne— Quakers— Rutlandshire— Prince Rui>ert— Scotland— Shrop-
shire — Somersetshire — Spain — Spanish Armada — Staffordshire —
Suffolk — Surrey — Sweden— Wales — Warwickshire — Westmorland-
William III.— Wilt shire— AVorcestcrshire— Yorkshire.
Paper cover. i>ost free, 6eJ.
CATALOGUE OF SHAKESPEARE AND
SHAKESPEARIANA,
Consisting of a COLLECTION of ENGLISH BOOKS.
Including Drama. Prose, anil Poetry of the Sixteenth. Seventeenth,
and Eighteenth Centuries. The Items are arranged Alphabetically
under their Authors Names, and the whole Catalogue forms an
important addition to the Bibliography of Shakespeare and Bacon, and
must prove very attractive to the Collector of Snakespeariana and so
the Bacon-Shakesi>eare Theorist, as well as to the Student of Early
English Literature.
86 pp. Svo, with Descriptions and Selling Prices of nearly 900 Bare
Books, ])ai>er cover, 6rf .
PICKERING & CHATTO,
66. HAYMARKET. LONDON, S.W.
BOOKS. — All OUT - OF • PRINT and RARE
BOOKS on any subject SUPPLIED. The most expert Booknnder
extant. Please state wants and ask for CATALOGUE. I make a social
feature of exchanging any Saleable Books for others selected from my
various Lists. Sjiecial List of 2.000 Books I jiarticularlv want post free.
— EDW. BAKEK'S Great Bookshop, 14-16, John Bright Street, Birming-
ham. Dore Gallery, great bargain, new, -lie, for 7s. 6d.
CATALOGUE No. 44. -Turner's Liber Sfcodicffum,
England and Wales, and other Engravings— Lucas's Mezzotint*
after Constable— Etchings by Whistler. S. Palmer. 4c— Drawings ly
Turner. Bume-.lones. Huskin, 4c. — Illustrated Books — Works by
Buskin. Post free. Sixpence. — WM. WARD, 2, Church Terrace.
R ichraond. Surrey.
JCST PrBLISHED.
CATALOGUE (No. CIV.) of SECOND-HAND
\j FRENCH BOOKS, comprising History and Literature— Memoirs
—Biography and Correspondence— Art— Folk-lore — Trarel— Fiction, 4c
IVIONTHLY LIST (MARCH) of SECOND-
-1.T-L HAND BOOKS, consisting chiefly of Works dealing with the
Topography of the British Isles.; also of NEWLY PUBLISHED
BOOKS. English and Foreign.
N.B.— The APRIL MONTHLY LIST will contain a SELECTION
of MUSICAL WORKS.
B. H. BLACKWELL. so and si, Brond Street, Oxford.
BERTRAM D#0 B E L L,
SECOND HAND BOOKSELLER, and PUBLISHER.
7". Charing cross Road, tjondon, W.C
A large Stock of Old and Bare li.~k- in English Literature,
including Poetry and the Drama- Bhakespeariana— First Editions oi
Famous Authors— Manuscripts— Illustrated Books. 4c. CATALOGUES-
free on application.
ANCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Collectors
and antiquarians are invited to apply to SPINK 4 SON,
Limited, for Specimen Copy (gratis i of their NUMISMATIC CIRCU-
LAR. The finest Greek. Roman, and English Coins on View aud for
Sale at Moderate Prices.— SPINK 4 SON. Limitkii, Experts. Valuers,
and Cataloguers, 16, 17. and 18. Piccadilly, London, W. Established
upwards of a Century.
ARUNDEL CHROMOS.— Large stock. Main-
rare ones. Send stamp for THIS MONTH'S LIST (which gives-
size and shape of each .—ST. JUDE'S DEPOT. Birmingham.
FOR SALE. — A NEW RALPH ALLISON
OVERSTRUNG UPRIGHT GRAND. 4ft. .fin. high, in Rose-
•rood. List pri.e. n Guineas— For particulars apply R.. 122. Lough-
borough Road, 8.W.
TUNBRIDGE WELLS.— APARTMENTS.
Comfortably Furnished SittingRoom nnd One Bedroom.
Pleasant and central. No others taken.— K. H.. 86, Grove Hill Road.
Tunbridge Wells.
N°4089, March 10, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
283
MUDIES LIBRARY
(LIMITED),
30-34, NEW OXFORD STREET,
LONDON.
STOCK-TAKING
SALE.
MESSRS. MUDIE are offering
for Sale from MARCH 5 until
MARCH 17, a LARGE STOCK
of SECOND-HAND LIBRARY
BOOKS, and MISCELLANEOUS
STANDARD WORKS in
VARIOUS BINDINGS. CLOTH
and LEATHER, at SPECIAL RE-
DUCTIONS. List on application.
%ahs bg JVutiion.
Works of Art.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL hv AUCTION, at their House. No. 13, Wellington
Street. Strand, W.C. on WEDNESDAY. March 14. at 1 o'clock
precisely, a COLLECTION of WORKS of ART, the Proi*>rty of a
GENTLEMAN" leaving London, comprising Carvings in Ivory of the
Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth Centuries — Venetian and
German Glass — Bronzes — Iron, Silver Work, &c, including the
Sjieculum of the celebrated Dr. Dee, from Strawberry Hill, and a
remarkable Pair of Candlesticks, in Enamelled Brass, of the Early
Seventeenth Century, from the Earl of Warwick's Collection ; together
with a small COLLECTION of BRONZE, formed by a GENTLEMAN
going abroad,
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may l>c had.
The Library of the late W. W. ROBISSOX, Beg.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON k HOTK rE
will SELL by AUCTION at their House, No. IS, Wellington
8tnet. Strand, W.C , on THURSDAY. March 15, am) Two Following
at 1 o'clock precisely, the LIBRARY of the late W. W. ROBIN-
St>N, Em., H.M. Coroner for Central Oxford, comprising Bewick's
History of Ouadrni>eds and Birds (various Editions), and other Works
illustrated by Thos. Bewick— a large Collection of Chap-Hooks and
Children's Books — Rare and Curious < lid Works on Witchcraft Second
SUM, Ghosts, Astrology. Freemasonry, Garlands — Works of T. (out.
of York— The Brownisti— Collier's Illustrations of Old English Litera-
f «n — An Extensive Series of Old Song-Books — llalliwells Reprints of
Rare Pieces— A large Collection of .lest Books— Scarce Poetical Tracts,
Pamphlets. Remarkable Trials— Tracts relating to Oxford— Works by
John Taylor, the Water Poet— TojKigraphioal Works. Old Theology,
Poetrv— John Collier's Miscellaneous and other Works— Books illus-
trated by George Cruikshank, Hollar, 4c— Works on English Dialects,
Modern Publications, 4c.
May tie viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
THE TRL'MAX COLLECTIONS.
First Portion of the Collection of Eng racings.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON k HODiiE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. l:!. Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C. on MONDAY. March 19. and Two Following
Dan, .it i o'clock precisely, the valuable collection of EN.
OK'AYINGSof the late EDWIN TRUMAN, Esq., M.R.C.S., the Home
Field. Putney. S \\ First Portion, comprising Falicv ami other
Subjects, prinoi|nlly by English Masters— Portraits after Sir J,
Reynolds— Theatrical Portraits— Engravings by old Masters, including
numerous Specimens of the Work«of a. Durer, Rembrandt. W. Hollar,
and others— a Series of the Plates from Turners Liber Studiorum,
mostly in First States; a Complete 8et of the same, in the Original
"Wr.iwcrs. 4<\
May le viewed two days prior. Catalogues may I* had.
THE TRUMAX COLLECTIONS.
The Second Portion >\f the Collection of Engraving*.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY. WILKINSON, k HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. 1.1 Wellington
Street. Strand. W C . on TIU'ltSD»Y. March 22. and Following Day
at i o'clock precisely, the COLLECTION of ENGRAVINGS, part If ]
ting of Satirical Prints. Caricatures, anil other Humorous
ts. including the Works of Rowlandson, ('illrav. Ifciao and
Robert Cruikshank. Hogarth, and others— also Portraits of Remark
able Characters— and Collections of Miscellaneous Prints ou a >
of subjects.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
British Lepidoptera.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER for SALE
on TUESDAY' NEXT at 1 o'clock, the well-known and
valuable COLLECTION of BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA formed by the
late C. G. BARRETT, Esq.. F.E.S., containing many Types of the
Descriptions and Figures of his important Work ' The Lepidoptera of
the British Isles.' Also the Cabinets in which the Collection is
arranged.
Catalogues on application. On view dav prior 10 to 4 and morning of
Sale.
Surveying Instruments, Levels, Theodolites, Fishing Tackle.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE,
on FRIDAY" NEXT, a SURVEYORS OUTFIT, comprising
Levels. Theodolites, Sextant Drawing Instruments, Eidograph. Ac, by
Stanley, Troughton 4 Silnms. Cooke, and other well-known M ikers
—a quantity of Fishing Tackle, including Rods by Hcndy, Farlow,
and others, with gut lines, and all accessories.
Catalogues on application. On view day prior 2 to 5, and morning of
Sale.
China, Armour, Weapons, Antiquities, d-c.
MR. J. C. STEVENS'S NEXT SALE of
CHINA. ARMOUR and WEAPONS. BRONZES, &c„ will take
place on TUESDAY*. March -20, at half-past 12..
Catalogues in course of preparation.
Sales of Miscella7}eous Property.
MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
SALES are held EVERY" FRIDAY, at his Rooms, 38. King
Street. Coven t Garden. London. W.C, for the disposal of MICRO-
SCOPES. SLIDES, and OBJECTIVES — Tcleseo]«?s — Theodolites-
Levels— Electrical anil Scientific Instruments— Cameras, Lenses, and
all kinds of Photographic Apparatus— Optical Lanterns with Slides
and all Accessories in great variety by Best Makers — Household
Furniture— Jewellery— and other Miscellaneous Property.
On view Thursday 2 to 5 and morning of Sale.
Valuable Laic Books, including the Library of a Barrister
(retiring from practice).
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION at their Rooms. 118, Chancery Lane, on WEDNES-
DAY*. March 14th. at 1 o'clock, valuable LAW BOOKS, comprising a
Complete Set of the Law Reports from lstis to 1905. :W4 vols, half calf—
the Lav Journal Reports from the Commencement in 1822 to 1905.
210 vols, half-calf, and also a Series from ls->2 to 1865. 95 vols.— a Set of
the Law Times Reports from 1844 to 1905, 9.1 vols.— The Jurist Reports
from 1837 t<i 186G, 65 vols.— The Revised Reports, complete to 1905 with
Index, 80 vols.— Rejiorts of the Commercial Cases from 1895 to 1905,
10 vols. — Encyclopedia of the Liws of England, l:i vols. — Mews's
Digest of English Case Law. lfi vols, half-calf— Campbell's Ruling ( Sases,
with the Author's Notes, 26 vols.— A Complete Set of Paterson's
Practical Statutes. 60 vols— Selden Society's Publications. 14 vols, and
a Selection of Standard Practical Works ; also an Open Carved-Oak
winged Bookcase— Mezzot-'nt Portraits and Engravings,
To be viewed and Catalogues had.
Miscellaneous Books.
MESSRS. HODOSON & CO. will SELL bv
AUCTION at their Rooms, 115. Chancery Line, W.C.. on
THURSDAY. March 15. and Following Dav. at 1 o'clock. MISCEL-
LANEOUS BOOKS, including the LIBRARY of a CLERGYMAN
(deceased), comprising Sixteenth-Century Editions of the Classics-
Tracts. Pamphlets, and Broadsides relating to Charles I. and the
Civil War — Books of Travel, many relating to America— Modern
Works in Historv and Bioirraphv — British Museum Catalogues — Books
illustrated bv Aiken and Cruikshank. including the First Edition of
Grimm's Fairy Tales. 2 vols. — Collections of Bookplates, Postage
Stamps, and Autograph Letters.
To lie viewed and Catalogues had.
Bare and Valuable Books.
MESSRS. HODGSON k CO. will SELL bv
AUCTION, at their Rooms, 115. Chancery Lane, W.C., on
THURSDAY". March 29. and Following Dav. at 1 o'clock, rare and
valuable BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS, comprising a Twelfth-Century
Evangeliarium. and other MSS. on vellum, some with Illuminations-
Early Printed Books from the German and Italian Presses — Specimens
of Stamped Leather and old Morocco Bindings — a Collection of scarce
Americana — curious Black Letter Books and rare volumes in Old
English Literature, including the writings of Chapman, Daniel,
Massinger. Beaumont and Fletcher, Burton. Wither, Donne. Milton,
Marvcll. Killigrew. D'Avenant. Wycherley, Sterne, and Swift, many in
contemporary bindings— Cotton's Scarronidea, with MS. Dedicatory
Verses, and other Autograph Presentation Books— a fine Set of
Jesse's Historical Works. Original Editions— First Editions of Scott's
Tales of My Landlord. First Series. 4 vols, boards, entirely uncut-
Limb's Tales from Shakosi>eare. with Blake's Plates, 2 vols, original
binding, and others— a fine and complete Set of the Pal.-pographical
So, ietv's Publications — Bury s Sixteen Coloured Views on the
Liverpool and Manchester Railway, and other Rooks with Coloured
Plates — Standard Works in Genera) Literature : also a mag-
nificent Set of Cannon's Historical Records of the British Army (sold
bv order of the Executor of the late Miss Sophia Cannon), 67 vols, in
the i original sumptuous Morocco Bindings, with 68 duplicate vols., and
r. Collection of the original Water-Colour Drawings of the Colours,
Uniforms, and Battle Scenes, by W. Heath and others, used to illus-
trate the volumes.
Catalogues (containing facsimiles! on application.
Valuable Books, including n Library remored from
Hertfordshire.
MESSRS. TUTTICK & STMPSON will SELL
bv AUCTION, at their Galleries, 47, Leicester Square. W.C.. on
MONDAY. March 12. and Following Dav. at ten minutes past 1 o'clock
precisely, VALUABLE BOOKS, including Bath Illustrated by Nattes,
Coloured Plates— Century Dictionary, s vols. — Ackermann's University
of Oxford. Coloured Plates— Scrape's Salmon Fishing. 1S4.1— Egan's
Life in London, Imards, uncut — Manuscripts on Vellum, with
Miniatures — Brathwalt's English Gentleman, wo — old Plays —
Boswell's Life of Johnson, Fir«t Edition— VidaL Lea Instruments k
Arebet. 3 vols, morocco extra— Salt s Views in St Helena. Ac,
Coloured Plates Costume of Russia, Coloured Plates — Robson's
Grampian Mountains. Coloured Plates— Hasted s Historv of Kent. 12
vols. Extra-IUnst rated — Duruy's History of Greece, 8 vols., 1892—
Austens Emma. 3 vr.ls. uncut- Vyners Notitla venation. 1847—
Memorials of the Halibiirtons. with Autograph Letter of sir W Boot!
—Moore's Views in Rangoon. Coloured Plates Costumes of the
Madras Armv. Coloured Plates Standard Edition" of Ancient and
Modern Writers on Theology. Science. Travel. Biography, kc. — First
Editions of Dickens, Thackeray, and Lever, many In the original
Parts «« Issued— Autograph Letters— Ex ■ Libris, and Works In
General Literature.
Early Printed Books and rare First Editions, including a
Portion of the Library of a Collector.
ESSRS. PUTTICK * SIMPSON will SELL
M
ill bv AUCTION, at their Galleries. 47. Bicester Square \\ I
EARLY IN APRIL. VALUABLE BOOKS, including rare S|>cr(niciis
Of Early English and Foreign Presses— scan I ln-t Editions— and
other important Items.
"ATESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON & WOODS
-l-'-L fespcctfully give notice that they will hold the Following
SALES by AUCTION, at their Great Rooms, King Street, St. James's
Square, the Sales commencing at 1 o'clock precisely :—
On MONDAY, March 12, and TUESDAY,
March ia. the valuable COLLECTION of MODERN ETCHINGS and
ENGRAVINGS of the late J. RUSSELL BUCKLER, Esq.
On WEDNESDAY, March 14, valuable
BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS, and AUTOGRAPH LETTERS, including
the Original Draft of Nelson's famous Memorandum, issued just
liefore the Battle of Trafalgar, in which he foreshadowed the Plan of
Attack, which he actually carried out ; 8 pp. 4to.
On THURSDAY, March 15, OLD ENGLISH
SILVER PLATE, the Property of the Right Hon. EDRD AUCK-
LAND, GEORGE ALLEN, Esq. (deceased*, and others.
On FRIDAY, March 16, PORCELAIN, the
Proi>erty of the Right Hon. Lord AUCKLAND, the late Sir
AUGUSTUS ADDERLEY and Lady ADDERLEY. and others.
On SATURDAY, March 17, PICTURES by
OLD MASTERS of the late CHRISTOPHER BUSHELL. Esq., and
others.
iitaga^iiws, &/;.
QONTEMPORARY
REVIEW. MARCH. Haifa Crown.
H. W. MASSINGHAM.-THE REVIVAL OF PARLIAMENT.
W. WYBF.RGH.-THE TRANSVAAL AND THE NEW GOVERX-
J. ELLIS BARKER. -THE SHIPBUILDING AND SHIPPING
INDUSTRIES OF GERMANY.
T. C. HORSFALL.-HEALTH AND EDUCATION.
W. F. ALEXANDER.-REVIVALISM AND MYSTICISM.
Count S. C. DE SOISSONS— THE GERMAN DRAMA OF TO-DAY.
T. J. MACNAMARA. M.P. - THE AMENDMENT OF THE
EDUCATION" ACTS.
Prof. H. MACAULAY POSNETT. -FEDERATION IN TISCiL
ANARCHY.
G. P. GOOCH M.P.-THE UNEMPLOYED.
AN ITALIAN. -THE FOREIGN POLICY OF ITALY.
H. C. THOMSON". - CHINESE LABOUR AND IMPERIAL
RESPONSIBILITY.
Dr. E. J. DILLON.-FOREIGN" AFFAIRS.
HORACE MARSHALL A SON".
T
HE GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL.
Coiifeiifs. MARCH.
Price 2,*:.
AXTHROPOGEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN BRITISH
NEW GUINEA. By C. O. Seligniann and W. Mersh Strong. M.D.
With 5 Illustrations and Map.
BRITISH EAST AFRICAN PLATEAU LAND AND ITS
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS. By Major A. St. Hill Gibbons. With
2 Illustrations and Map.
RECENT ANTARCTIC EXPEDITIONS : their Results. By Dr. G.
von Neiiniayer.
THE RIVERS OF CAPE COLONY. By Prof. Ernest H. L. Schwarr.
With 9 Illustrations and 3 Sketch Maps.
RECENT REGULALIONS AND SYLLABUSES IN GEOGRAPHY
AFFECTING SCHOOLS. By A. J. Herhertson.
THE AREAS OF THE OROGRAPHICAL REGIONS OF
ENGLAND AND WALES. By Nora E. MacMunn. With Sketch
Map.
OBITUARY:— Right Hon. Sir Mountstuart E. Grant Duff. P.C.
G.C.8.I. F.RS With Portrait By the Right Hon. Sir George
Taubinan Goldie. K.C.M.G.— Admiral Lindesay Brine— The Rev.
Janus Stewart, D.D. LL. !>.— James Bonwick.
CORRESPONDENCE- Currents in the Arctic Ocean. Bv R. A.
Harris.— The Indian Ocean Expedition, By Oapt, Frederick
Kinnard.
MEETINGS OF THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY
SESSION 1905-6.
GEOGRAPHICAL LITERATURE OF THE MONTH.
NEW MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
EDWARD STANFORD. 12, 1.1, 14, Long Acre, W .<
ABOUT 2,000 BOOKS WANTED arc advertised
for weekly in THE PUBLISHERS ( IIMT.AR AND BOOK
SELLERS RECORD (established 1637), which also gives Lists of the
New Bixiks published during the Week. Announcements of New
Books. 4c. Subscribers have the privilege of a Free Advertisement
for Four Rooks Wanted Weekly. Sent for 52 weeks, post free for
Rs. iVf. Home and lis Foreign Subscription. Price Three-Halfpence
Weekly.— Office : St. Dunstan's House, Fetter Lane, London.
THE BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine
Street, London, w.c. MARCH 10. contains:—
The church at Soutliwold (with Illustrations] : The Public, the
London County Council, and the District Surveyors; Porches and
Approaches (Architectural Association); Letter from Paris; Society
of Painter Etchers ; The Measurement and Flow of Water : Archi-
lecture In Relation to History (Carpenters' Hal] Lectures); Mathe-
matical Data for Architects .student's Column); Part of Elevation,
Hampton Court lAshpitel Prise Drawing); 4c— From Office as above
,4<J. ; Vv i«>st. 4V'1. or through any Newsagent,
NOW BEADY.
THE LIFE OF
OIR RICHARD BURTON.
By THOMAS WB1GHT,
Author of "The Life of Edward FiUGerald,' Ac.
2 vols, demy Svo, Us. net With M Plate*
An authentic nn<l robin mod biography, which thrown
much now liplit on tln> cHRKCta nml work of the f.unoust
traveller nod Orientalist,
London :
) \ BB1 tt * CO. 42 Ban Street, Strand, w.c.
284
Til E A Til k\7i:um
N*4O80, March 10, 1906
Scarce and Valuable
GEOGRAPHICAL BOOKS
i\> ii i > i n < . 90M1 I i Kl I \i:r. uoitio
(in SIXTEENTH kND JEVBNTKENTH tl.MlKY
1 1{ \\ aia
De Bry's Collection of Yoyages.
Comprising ' ■• >t li Series In Latin.
FIRST 8KRI1 S
GRANDS VOYAGES PO IMERft \ LND THE WE81
1NIMI S
"A/> s'A.'/.7 /•:>'.
PI Hi- VOYAGES To THE CONGO AM) EAST
INDIES.
A mj beautiful set, uniformly bound in full olive
morocco evira, -iit edges, by Prancla Bedford, by whom it
was carefully collated. S2 vols, (olio, with more than 600
finely engn ved mips and platea Frankfort ami Oppen-
heini, SOW.
Hakluyt. First Edition. The Principall
Navigation-. Voiagns ami Discoveries of the English
Nation, made bj Sea or over land, >v.c, by Richard
Hakluyt. Imprinted at London, 1580. Small folio,
botmd in morocco. With map in facsimile. Sf. 10s.
Hakluyt. Second and Best Edition. The
Prindpall Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Dis-
coveries of the English Nation, made by Sea or
over-land. ■"• vols, small folio, bound in 2. Rare
original title-page, with mention of Cadiz Expedition.
The account of the Cadiz Expedition in original and
not in facsimile. The 'New Map' of the World in
facsimile. London, 1506, 1609, 1600. A very fine copy
beautifully hound by Pratt in full red levant morocco.
iO.
Hakluyt. Another copy of the Second
Edition. With account of Cadiz Expedition and Map
in facsimile. Full black levant morocco. SOL
Hakluyt. The Principal Navigations,
Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English
Nation, collected by Richard Hakluyt, Preacher, and
edited by Edmund Goldsmid. 1G vols. 8vo. Edinburgh,
188540. ilalf-rnorocco. 107. 10«.
Blaeu, Jean. Atlas of the World. J. Blaeu's
Grooten Atlas, oft Werelt-Beschryving, in welcke 't
Aerdryck, de Zee, en Hemel, wort vertoont en
besehreven. A perfect and most beautiful copy, with
all the maps coloured by hand. 12 vols, in 9. Large
folio, 1004, bound in full vellum. 201. 10s.
Ralegh, Sir Walter. The Historie of the
World in five books. With Portrait. Folio, 1606,
bound in old calf. 31. 3s.
Captain Cook. An Account of the
Voyages undertaken by the order of his Present
Majesty, and successively performed by Commodore
Byron, Captain Wallis, Captain Carteret, and Captain
Cook, with maps, charts, and other illustrations.
8 vols. 4to, and Atlas, folio, half-morocco, gilt top.
1773-1784. 121. 12».
A beautiful copy, with the maps, charts, and illustrations
complete.
Ogilby. John. Africa: being an accurate
description of the Regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia
and Billidulgerid. Collected and translated from most
Authentick Authors, illustrated with notes, and adorn'd
with peculiar maps, and proper sculptures, by John
Ogilby, Esq., Master of his Majesties Revels in the
Kingdom of Ireland. 768 pages, folio, 1670, bound in
old calf. ll. &.
Olaus Magnus. Historia de Gentibus
Septentrionaiibus earumque diversis statibus, &c.
Autore Olao Magnn Gotho Archiepiscopo Upsalensi.
Bomae 1666. 4to. Beautiful copy in original stamped
leather binding. From the Gibson-Cannichael collec-
tion. lOf. 10s.
Linschoten. John Huighen van Lin-
s.hoteii. his Diacours of Voyages unto ye Easte &
West Indies. Devided into foure Bookes. Printed at
London by Johll Wolfe, 1608. Ten folding maps and
many smaller ones dispersed through the text. First
English edition, with complete English maps, small
folio, bound in full green levant morocco. 30/.
A complete copy, with the original maps, printed in
London, the maps all mounted on cloth.
Munster, Sebastian. Cosmographiae uni-
versalis Lib. vi. in £nibus....de*cnbuntur Omnium
hahitahilia orbis partaumsitus propriaeque dotes, ,vc
Autore Sebast, Munstero. Folio Basileee, 1552. Beauti-
ful Copy in excellent preservation. Contains a great
number of curious maps, plans, views, portrait s, Ac,
engraved on wood, original binding in wooden boarda
Tin- important chapter " De novis Insulis" is included
in this copy. 121
Booksellers and Export Agents are invited to atk
Jorfui Information as to tJiesi and other scarce
<;■ ographicai Hooks.
JAMES MACLEHOSE & SONS,
Booksellers to the Cniversity,
61, St. Vinoent street, Glasgow'.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
PRIMITIVE ATHENS AS DESCRIBED BY THUCYDIDES.
By Jane Ellen Harrison, Hon. D.Litt. Hon. LL.D., of Newnham College, Cambridge
Author of ' Mythology and Monuments of Ancient Athens.'
Demy 8vo,
6s net
In this book Mis-, ll.ni the ascertained truth
about primitive Athens, both on the ancient literarj ■• added
by excavation, and controverts the riew generally held in thin cou
BtOr and limits oi the ale ient < ily. I •itute
have placed their official publication! at her disposal, and mam plans and
drawings, mainly taken therefrom, are given to Illustrate evidence ami argument.
THE BREEDING INDUSTRY.
its Needs. By Walter Heape, F.R.S.
Its Value to the Country and
Crown 8vo,
2s 6d net
The author endeavours in this book to estimate the value of the Breeding
Industry and to show the nature of the work required to fostei i, ana
proceeds to consider how far the existing attitude and methods of Government
help tO that end.
CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH CLASSICS. A Series of Reproductions
of Original Texts of Classical English Writers.
This series is intended for the reader and lover of English literature as weU as
for purposes of reference and the use of scholar-. The texts are carefully chosen
and faithfully reprinted, neither spelling nor punctuation being altered. An
appendix to each volume gives a record of all variations" from the text printed,
occurring in other .authentic editions published during the author's lifetime or in
later authoritative texts. The type used is large and clear, and the books (which
are large crown octavo— 7J by 51 inches— in size) are well bound in art linen, with
cut edges, the top gilt.
Recent volumes:
BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER. Complete Plays and Poems.
Edited by Arnold Glover, M.A., and A. R. Waller, M.A.
Crown 8vo,
4s 6d net each vol.
To subscribers,
4s net
The text of this edition of Beaumont and Fletcher, reprinted from the folio
of 1679, with a record of all earlier variant readings, will be completed in ten
volumes. It is intended to follow the ten volumes of text with an eleventh
containing explanatory notes, a glossary, and other material of use both to the
student and the general reader.
.Subscribers for complete sets of the edition are entitled to purchase copies at tho
reduced rate of is. net per volume.
Vol. I. — Containing The Maids Tragedy, Philaster, A King and no King, The
Scornful Lady, and The Custom of the Country.
" Une teuvre solide et qui rendra les plus grands services." — Rerue Germanique
"Pre-eminently, then, this new edition. . . is an edition for scholars." — Athenitvm
" In the full sense, then, the edition is critical and adequate." — Softs and Queries
"An ideal 'Beaumont and Fletcher.'"— Scotsman
Vol. II. — Containing The Elder Brother, The Spanish Curate, Wit without
Money, Beggars Bush, The Humourous Lieutenant, and The Faithful Shepherdess.
Now ready. Vols. III. and IV. are in the press, and will follow shortly.
GEORGE CRABBE ; POEMS. Edited by A. W. Ward, Litt.D.,
Master of Peterhouse. Volume I.
This edition, which includes a number of poems not hitherto identified or till now
unpublished, will be completed in three volumes. Vol. II. is in the press, and will
shortly be ready.
" Here at last, then, is the edition of Crabbe." — Aoademy
"The most complete and reliable text of Crabbe."— Scotsman
Crown 8vo,
4s 6d net each vol.
ABRAHAM COWLEY: POEMS. Edited by A. R. Waller, M.A.
Crown 8vo,
4s 6d net
A companion volume, 'Essays and Plays.' is iii the press. The two volumes
together contain the whole of Cowley's English writings.
" An edition to gladden the heart of the scholar."- -Notes and Queries
"Admirable in all respects- in type, form, and price."— Dotty MttU
MATTHEW PRIOR: POEMS ON SEVERAL OCCASIONS.
Edited by A. R. Waller, M.A.
Crown 8vo,
4s 6d net
This volume contains all tho poems included by Prior in his collected and :
folio edition of lTis. The remainder of hi* works, both prose and verse, including
the hitherto unpublished ' Prose Dialogues ' from the Longleat MSS., are contained
in a companion volume now in the presa
" As for Mi. Waller's edition, that cannot be too highly praised."— Academy
" Quite a model of what such an edition should be. — Spectator
London, Fetter Lane : Cambridge University Press "Warehouse: C. F. Clay, Managbr.
N°4089, March 10, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
285
NOW READY.
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE
FAMILIES.
Edited by OSWALD BARRON, F.S.A.
BEING THE
GENEALOGICAL VOLUME
OF THE HISTORY OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE
IN THE
VICTORIA HISTORY
OF THE COUNTIES OF ENGLAND.
And Inscribed to the Memory of Her late Majesty QUEEN VICTORIA f
who graciously gave the title to and accepted the dedication
of the Victoria History.
Strongly Bound in cloth gilt, at £5 5s. net.
Bound in half morocco at £8 8s. net.
Bound in full morocco at £11 lis. net.
This book of Northamptonshire families, complete in itself, is the first of those genealogical volumes
which will accompany the ' Victoria History of the Counties of England.' It is made up of the histories
of those existing families whose importance makes their story an essential part of the county in which
the}' have their seats.
Though many volumes of county pedigrees have come from the press, it is believed with some
confidence that the book which is now put forward has certain essential features which it shares with
nothing already existing.
In a Preface is given a history of the main events, social and historical, which have set upon their
lands those peers and commoners who are in our own day representative of the landed hoxises of
Northamptonshire, how the few descend from feudal lords of old time, and how law, commerce, and
agriculture have added to the number. In this Preface also is given some account, illustrated with their
shields of arms, of those other families who, being now at home on their Northamptonshire lands, have
not for various reasons been dealt with in the detail of separate family histories.
CONTENTS.
General Introduction — Preface — THE LANDED HOUSES OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE:
CARTWRIGHT OF AYNHOE— CECIL, MARQUESS OF EXETER— DRYDEN OF CANONS
ASHBY— ELWES (NOW CARY-ELWES) OF BILLING HALL— FANE, EARL OF WESTMOR-
LAND— FITZROY, DUKE OF GRAFTON— ISHAM OF LAMPORT— KNIGHTLEY OF FAWSLEY
— LANGHAM OF COTTESBROOKE— MAUNSELL OF THORPE MALSOR— PALMER OF
CARLTON— POWYS, LORD LILFORD— ROBINSON OF CRANFORD— ROKEBY OF ARTHING-
WORTH — SPENCER, EARL SPENCER — THORNTON OF BROCKHALL — WAKE OF
COURTEENHALL— WILLES OF '.ASTROP— YOUNG OF ORLINGBURY— LIST OF SHERIFFS
OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE— LIST OF MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT ELECTED FOR THE
COUNTY— LIST OF MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT ELECTED FOR NORTHAMPTON— LIST OF
MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT ELECTED FOR PETERBOROUGH— LIST OF MEMBERS OF
PARLIAMENT ELECTED FOR BRACKLE Y — LIST OF MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT
ELECTED FOR HIGHAM FERRERS.
In the Series of County Histoines Volumes of the following Counties
are already published :—
HAMPSHIRE. NORFOLK. WORCESTERSHIRE. CUMBERLAND. HERTFORDSHIRE.
NORTH AMPTONSHIRE. SURREY. ESSEX. BEDFORDSHIRE. WARWICKSHIRE.
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. DERBYSHIRE. DURHAM. LANCASHIRE.
Further Volumes will appear very shortly as follmvs : —
CORNWALL. NOTTS. ESSEX, Vol. IL BERKSHIRE. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE, Vol. II.
SOMERSET. LINCOLN. NORFOLK, Vol. II. GLOUCESTER. LANCASHIRE, Vol. III.
V Full Prospectus and all particulars of the Victoria History of the Counties
of England post free on application to the Publishers.
London :
ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & CO., Limited, 16, James Street, Hayrnarket.
MESSRS. CONSTABLE'S
LIST.
JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL: a
Biography. By FERRIS GREENSLET
Illustrated, crown 8vo, 6s. net.
PART OF A MAN'S LIFE. By
THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON.
Demy 8vo, profusely illustrated, 10rf. Qd. net.
A FANTASY OF FAR JAPAN. By
BARON SUYEMATSU, Author of 'The
Risen Sun.' Demy 8vo, 10s. 6c?. net.
SCARABS. An Introduction to
Study of Egyptian Seals and Signet Rings.
By PERCY E. NEWBERRY.
the
ngs.
Fully illus-
trated, royal 8vo, 18s. net.
SHAKESPEARE'S LONDON. By
H. T. STEPHENSON.
8vo, 6s. net.
Illustrated, crown
IN THE LAND OF THE GODS.
Japanese Folk-lore Tales. By ALICE M.
BACON, Author of 'A Japanese Interior,' &c.
Crown 8vo, 5s. net.
THE CHIEF AMERICAN POETS.
Selections, with Notes and Biographical
Sketches. Edited by CURTIS HIDDEN
PAGE, Ph.D. With Frontispiece, demy 8vo,
7s. 6d. net.
A SHORT HISTORY OF ITALY.
(476-1900). By HENRY DWIGHT SEDG-
WICK. With Map. Demy 8vo, 8s. Qd. net.
CITIES OF PAUL : Beacons of the
Past rekindled by the Present. By WILLIAM
BURNET WRIGHT, Author of 'Ancient
Cities from the Dawn to the Daylight.*
Crown 8vo, 4s. 6d. net.
THE RELIGION OF ALL GOOD
MEN, and other Studies in Christian' Ethics.
By H. W. GARROD, Fellow of Merton College,
Oxford. Extra crown 8vo, 5s. net.
THE EUAHLAYI TRIBE : a Study
of Aboriginal Life in Australia. By Mrs.
LANGLOH PARKER, 'With an Intro-
duction by ANDREW LANG. With Illus-
trations. Demy 8vo, 7s. Qd. net.
THE LIFE OF REASON. By George
SANTAYANA, Assistant Professor in Philo-
sophy at Harvard University. In 5 vols.
Crown 8vo, 5s. net each.
Vol. V. : REASON IN SCIENCE, Now Read}',
completing the series.
NEW SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
THE HEALERS. By Maarten
MAARTENS, Author of 'My Poor Relations/
' Dprothea.'
A YOUNG MAN IN A HURRY,
and other BtorieB. By R. W. CHAMBERS,
Author of ' The Maid at Arms,' 'The Reckon-
ing,' &o. With Illustrations.
CURAYL. By Una L. Silberrad,
Author of Totronilla Herovcn,' 'The Wedding
of the Lady of Lovell,' &c.
THE SHADOW OF LIFE. By Anne
DOUGLAS SEDGWICK, Author of "The
Paths of Judgment,' &o.
THE WHEEL OF LIFE. By Ellen
GLASGOW, Author of 'The Deli vi-raiuv."
ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE A CO., Ltd.
16, James Street . H,<\ market.
286
THE ATHENJEUM
N°4089, March 10, 1906
MR. MURRAY'S
NEW BOOKS.
MAST AND SAIL IN
EUROPE AND ASIA.
By H. WARINGTON SMYTH, Secretary,
Mines Department, Transvaal. Author of ' Five
Years in Siam." With numerous Illustrations and
Diagrams by the Author and others. Medium
8vo, 21*. net.
" A volume at once handy, instructive, and
exhaustive To the student it is invaluable, and
to the reader a mine of interest and instruction."
Yachtsman,
OUR WATERWAYS.
A History of Inland Navigation considered as a
Branch of Water Conservancy. By URQU-
HART A. FORBES, of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-
at-Law, and W. H. R. ASHFORD. With a Map
especially prepared to illustrate the Book. Demy
8vo, 12a. net.
A NEW NOYEL BY MR. BASIL LUBBOCK.
JACK DERRINGER.
A Tale of Deep Water
Author of ■ Round the
Large crown 8vo, 6*.
By BASIL LUBBOCK,
Horn Before the Mast.'
PEASANT LIFE IN THE
HOLY LAND.
By the Rev. C. T. WILSON, M. A.Oxon. F.R.G.S.,
Vicar of Totland Bay, Isle of Wight. With
Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 12a. net. [Now ready.
WESTERN CULTURE IN
EASTERN LANDS.
A Comparison of the Methods adopted by England
and Russia in the Middle East. By ARMINIUS
VAMBERY, C.V.O., Author of 'Travels in
Central Asia,' ' History of Bokhara,' &c. Medium
8vo, 12a. net.
NOTEWORTHY FAMILIES—
(SCIENCE).
An Index to Kinships in Near Degrees between
Persons whose Achievements are Honourable, and
have been publicly recorded. By FRANCIS
G ALTON, D.C.L. Hon.D.Sc.Camb. F.R.S., and
EDGAR SCHUSTER, Galton Research Fellow in
Natural Eugenics. Crown 8vo, 6a. net.
NEW EDITION OF
MAINE'S ANCIENT LAW.
With Introduction and Notes by Sir FREDERICK
POLLOCK, Bart., LL.D. D.C.L. Demy 8vo, 5a.
net.
This is the only complete and copyright Edition
of Sir Henry Maine's Standard Work, and has the
.additional advantage of new Notes by Sir Frederick
Pollock.
NEW EDITION FOR 1906.
LAW WITHOUT LAWYERS.
An Epitome of the Laws of England for Practical
Use, By TWO BARRISTERS-AT-LAW. Largo
•8vo, over 700 pp. cloth extra, 6a. net.
JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street, W.
THE BOOKS OF THE MONTH.
IN VERSE THE CHIEF BOOK OF THE MONTH IS
PLAYS AND LYRICS.
By CALE YOUNG RICE.
Price 7«. M. net.
FIRST REYIEW
Of the Dramatic Play on the Scriptural Theme of King David the SCOTSMAN says •.— " Here
the treatment is loftily imaginative and refined, its artistry being of the decorative kind rather than
depending on simple human interests." Of the work as a whole the SCOTSMAN says: — "Every-
where it is marked by true imaginative power and elevation of feeling. It cannot fail to find many
pleased readers."
IN HISTORY THE CHIEF BOOK OF THE MONTH IS
A HISTORY OF EGYPT
FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PERSIAN CONQUEST.
By JAMES H. BREASTED,
Professor of Egyptology and Oriental History, &c, in the University of Chicago.
WITH 200 ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS, 634 PAGES WITH INDEX. Price 20«. net.
Scholars, Travellers, and Students of the Old Testament, and all those who desire an acquaintance
with the history of Egypt will find Prof. Breasted' s work of the highest value. Instead of a life-
less chronological record of Pharaohs and dynasties, his narrative reanimates the people themselves of
these remote ages, and taking them in flesh and blood making them as real to the imagination as are
the Greeks and Romans.
Prospectus on application.
IN ART THE CHIEF BOOK OF THE MONTH IS
HOW TO STUDY PICTURES.
A Handbook of Art.
By CHARLES H. CAFFIN.
528 PAGES, INCLUDING A NUMBER OF ILLUSTRATIONS OF WELL-KNOWN PAINTINGS,
WITH COMPLETE INDEX AND GLOSSARY OF TERMS, Price 10s. 6d net.
One of the most unique and useful, as well as interesting, books on art ever issued. It is of value
to students, travellers, teachers, and all art lovers. Nowhere else has the gist of art-study been
presented in a form so comprehensive. Great artists' work are contrasted on opposite pages ; as
Cimabue and Giotto, Perugino and Bellini, Sargent and Whistler — in all fifty-six artists.
Send for Special Circular giving full particulars.
IN FICTION THE CHIEF BOOKS OF THE MONTH ARE
MY SWORD FOR LAFAYETTE.
By MAX PEMBERTON. Illustrated, price 6s.
STANDARD.— "Tremendously absorbing. A remarkable achievement in current English fiction."
GIANT CIRCUMSTANCE.
By JOHN OXENHAM.
Illustrated in Colour, price 6s. SECOND EDITION CALLED FOR.
The ever interesting record of a strong man's fight against adverse circumstances, by the author of
' Barbe of Grand Bayou.'
£300
OFFERED by THE BOOKMAN IN PRIZES FOR THE BEST
BOOKS FOR BOYS AND GIRLS, VIZ., £100 FOR THE BEST
STORY FOR BOYS ; £100 FOR THE BEST STORYT FOR GIRLS ;
£100 FOR THE BEST STORY FOR LITTLE CHILDREN. FULL
PARTICULARS MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE BOOKMAN,
27, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.
HODDER <fc STOUGHTON, 27, Paternoster Row, London.
N° 4089, March 10, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
287
LOVELL REEVE & C O/S
NEW AND STANDARD WORKS.
VOL. I. (NEW SERIES), 1905, 42s. net.
THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. Hand-Coloured Figures with
Descriptions, Structural and Historical, of New and Rare Plants, suitable for the
Garden, Stove, or Conservatory. Edited by Sir WIl T. THLSELTON - DYER,
K.C.M.G. F.R.S., Ac, late Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Monthly,
with 6 Hand-Coloured Plates, 3s. 6tf. Annual Subscription, 42s. net.
THE USES OF BRITISH PLANTS, traced from Antiquity
to the Present Dav, together with the Derivation of their Names. By the Rev.
Prof. G. HENSLOW, M.A. F.L.S., &c. 288 Illustrations, is. &d. net.
NOW READY, NEW EDITION, REVISED AND MUCH ENLARGED.
FLORA OF HAMPSHIRE, including the Isle of Wight.
A List of the Flowering Plants and Ferns found in the County of Southampton, with
Localities of the less common Species. By F. TOWNSEND, M.A. F.L.S. New
Edition. With Enlarged Coloured Map mounted on linen, and 2 Plates, 1 Coloured,
21s. net.
THE HEPATICiE OF THE BRITISH ISLES : Figures and
Descriptions of all known British Species. By W. H. PEARSON. 2 vols. 228 Plates,
51. 5s. net plain ; 71. 10s. net coloured.
HANDBOOK OF THE BRITISH FLORA. By G. Bentham,
F.R.S. Revised by Sir J. D. HOOKER, C.B. F.R.S. Eighth Edition. 9s. net.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BRITISH FLORA. Drawn by
W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., and W. G. SMITH, F.L.S. 1,315 Wood Engravings. Sixth
Edition. 9*. net.
VOL. IV. SECTION II. PART II., Ss. net.
FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA. By D. Oliver, F.R.S.
Vols. I. to III., 20*. each net. The CONTINUATION. Edited by SirW. T. THISEL-
TON-DYER, F.R.S. Vol. IV. Section L, 30s. net. Vol. IV. Section II. Parti.,
8s. net. Vol. V, 25s. 6rf. net. Vol. VII., 27s. 6rf. net. Vol. VIII. , 25s. Gd. net. Pub-
lished under the authority of the Secretary of State for the Colonies.
VOL. IV. SECTION I. PART II., 6s. 6d. net.
FLORA CAPENSIS : a Systematic Description of the Plants
of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, and Port Natal. Vols. I. to III., by W. H. HARVEY
and O. W. SONDER, 20s. each net. The CONTINUATION. Edited bv Sir W. T.
THISELTON-DYER, F.R.S. Vol. IV. Section II., 24s. net. Vol. V. Part* I., 9s. net.
Vol. VI., 24s. net. Vol. VII. , 33s. net. Vol. IV. Section I. Part I., 89. net. Pub-
lished under the authority of the Government of the Cape of Good Hope and Natal.
FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA. By Sir J. D. Hooker, C.B.
G.C.S.I. F.R.S., &C., assisted by various Botanists. 7 vols. 12?. net.
HANDBOOK OF THE NEW ZEALAND FLORA: a Syste-
matte Description of the Native Plants of New Zealand, and the Chatham, Kennadec's,
Lord Auckland's, Campbell's, and Macquarrie's Islands. By Sir J. D. HOOKER,
G.C.S.L F.R.S. 42s. net.
FLORA AUSTRALIENSIS: a Description of the Plants of
the Australian Territory. BvGEORGEBENTHAM, F.R.S., assisted by FERDINAND
MUELLER, F.R.S. 7 vols. 71. 4s.
FLORA OF THE BRITISH WEST INDIAN ISLANDS. By
Dr. GRISEBACH, F.LS. 1 vol. 42s. net.
FLORA OF WEST YORKSHIRE : with an Account of the
Climatology and Lithology in connexion therewith. Bv FREDERIC ARNOLD
LEES, M.RC.S.Eng. LRC.P.Lond. 8vo, with Coloured Map, 21s. net.
THE NARCISSUS: its History and Culture. By F. W.
BURBIOGE, F.LS. With a Scientific Review of the Entire Genoa bv J. G. BAKER,
F.R.S. F.LS. With 48 beautifully Coloured Plates. 30s.net.
BRITISH FERNS.
Woodcuts. 9s. net.
NOW READY, Vol. X., 45 Coloured Plates, 63s. net.
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS. By
lRLES G. BARRETT, F.E.S. Vols. I. to IX., each 12s. ; Large Edition, Vol. I.,
40 Coloured Plates, 53s. ; Vols. II. to IX., each, with 48 Coloured Plates, 63s. net.
By M. Plues. 16 Coloured Plates and
BRITISH GRASSES. By M. Plues. 16 Coloured Plates and
\\ 'ncidcuts. 9#. net.
HANDBOOK OF BRITISH MOSSES. By the Rev. M. J.
BKKKELKY, M.A. F.LS. Second Edition. 24 Coloured Plates. 21s.net.
SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. By C. P. Hobkirk, F.LS.
Revised.Edition. 6*. (id. net.
COMPLETION OF THE WORK. VOI-. III. NOW READY.
THE BRITISH MOSS-FLORA. By R. Braithwaite, M.D. F.LS.
Vol I., willi 45 finely executed Plates, 50s. Vol. II., with 39 Plates, 42s. <*/.
Vol. Ill , tt Hates, 48*. net.
BRITISH FUNGI, PHYCOMYCETES, AND USTILAGINEJE.
By GEORGE MASSEE. 8 Plates. (V. W. net.
CHARLES
with
Complete in 1 vol. 4to, with 2 Structural and 60 Coloured Plates, cloth, gilt top, 61. 15s. net.
MONOGRAPH OF THE MEMBRACIDiE. By George Bowdleb
BUCKTON, F.R.S. F.LS. F.E.S., to which is added a Paper entitled 'Suggestions
as to the Meaning of the Shapes and Colours of the Membracida? in the Struggle for
Existence,' by EDWARD B. POULTON, D.Sc. M.A. Hon. LLD. (Princeton), F.RS.,
Ac, Hope Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford.
LABELLING LIST OF THE BRITISH MACR0LEPID0-
PTERA, as arranged in 'Lepidoptera of the British Islands.'
BARRETT, F.E.S. Is. 6rf. net.
By CHARLES G.
Vol. VI., 84 Coloured Plates, 9?. 5s. net.
LEPIDOPTERA INDICA. By F. Moore, F.Z.S. F.E.S.
to V., each, with 96 Coloured Plates, 9?. 5s. cloth ; 91. 15s. half-morocco.
Vols. I.
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. By F. Moore, F.Z.S.
3 vols, medium 4to, 215 Coloured Plates, cloth, gilt tops, 21?. 12s. net.
under the auspices of the Government of Ceylon.
Published
THE LARYiE OF THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA AND
THEIR FOOD PLANTS. By OWEN S. WILSON. With Life-Sized Figures Drawn
and Coloured from Nature by ELEANORA WILSON. 40 Coloured Plates. 63s. net.
THE HYMENOPTERA ACULEATA OF THE BRITISH
ISLANDS. By EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.L.S. Complete, with 3 Plates, 10s. ;
Large-Paper Edition, with 51 Coloured Plates, 68s. net.
THE HEMIPTERA HETEROPTERA OF THE BRITISH
ISLANDS. By EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.L.S. Complete, with a structural Plate,
14s. Large Edition, with 31 Coloured Plates, 48s. net.
THE HEMIPTERA HOMOPTERA OF THE BRITISH
ISLANDS. By JAMKS EDWARDS, F.E.S. Complete, with 2 Structural Plates,
12s. Large Edition, with 28 Coloured Plates, 43s. net.
THE COLEOPTERA OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS. By the
Rev. Canon FOWLER, M.A. F.LS. Complete in 5 vols, with 2 .Structural Plates, il.
Large Edition, with 180 Coloured Plates, lit. net.
A CATALOGUE OF THE BRITISH COLEOPTERA. By D.
SHARPE, M.A. F.R.S., and W. W. FOWLER, M.A. Is. 6<f. ; or printed on one side
for Labels, 2s. 6<f. net.
THE BUTTERFLIES OF EUROPE. Described and Figured by
H. C. LANG, M.D. F.L.S. With S2 Coloured Plates, containing upwards of 900
Figures. 2 vols. 31. 18s. net.
BRITISH INSECTS. By E. F. Staveley. 16 Coloured Plates
and Woodcuts. 12«. net.
BRITISH BEETLES. By E. C. Rye. New Edition. Revised
by the Rev. Canon FOWLER, M.A. F.L.S. 16 Coloured Plates and Woodcuts.
9«. net.
BRITISH BEES. By W. E. Shuckard. 16 Coloured Plates and
Woodcuts. 9s. net.
BRITISH BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. By H. T. Staunton.
Second Edition. 16 Coloured Plates and Woodcuts. 9s. net.
BRITISH SPIDERS. By E. F. Staveley. 16 Coloured Plates
and Woodcuts. Ba net.
FOREIGN FINCHES IN CAPTIYITY. By Arthur D. Butler,
Ph.D. F.LS. F.Z.S. F. e.s. with 60 Plates beautifully CoVonrad by Hand. Royal
4to, cloth, 4/. 14s. M. net.
BRITISH ZOOPHYTES. By A. S. Pennington, F.L.S. 24 Plates.
9s. net.
ELEMENTS OF C0NCH0L0GY : an Introduction to the
Natural History 0< Shells and of the Animals which Form them. By LOVELL
REEVE, F.LS." 2 vols. 62 Coloured Plates, 21 16*. net.
CONCHOLOGIA ICONICA; or, Figures and Descriptions of
the shells of Mollusks, with Remarks on their Affinities, Synonomy, and Geo*
graphical Distribution. Hv LOVELL REEVE, E.L.S.. and <;. H. SOWKRBY, F.LS.
Complete in 20 vols. 4t<>, with 2,727 Coloured Plates, half-calf, its', net.
A Detailed List of Monographs and Volumes may be had.
LOVELL REEVE & CO., Limited, Publishers to the Home, Colonial, and Indian Governments,
6, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
288
THE ATHENtEUM
N°4089, March 10, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NEW BOOKS.
MEMOIRS OF
ARCHBISHOP
TEMPLE.
By SEVEN FRIENDS. Edited by E. G. SAND-
FORD, Archdeacon of Exeter. With Photogravure
and other Illustrations. In 2 vols. 8vo, 36<*. net.
HENRY SIDGWICK:
a Mtmoir.
By A. S. and E. M. S.
With Portraits. Svo, 12s. 6d. net.
THE ARBITER IN COUNCIL.
8vo, 10s. net
*** A volume which deals, partly by way of essay, partly
by way of conversation, with various .aspects of peace and
war.
EVE RS LEY SERIES.— Hew Vol.
BRIEF LITERARY
CRITICISMS.
By the late RICHARD HOLT HUTTON.
Selected from the Spectator, and Edited by his Niece,
ELIZABETH M. ROSCOE.
With Portrait. Globe 8vo, 4«. net.
NEKO.
BY
STEPHEN PHILLIPS.
Crown 8vo, 4s. 6d. net.
SECOND PART NOW READY.
THE DYNASTS.
A Drama of the Napoleonic Wars, in 3 Parts,
19 Acts, 130 Scenes.
By THOMAS HARDY.
Part Second. Crown Svo, 4s. 6d. net.
V* Previously published, Part I. 4s. 6d. net.
F TIMES.—" Perhaps Mr. Hardy's greatest book It is a
great, modern, Epic of the Intelligence — a vision of the
world charged with amazing significance, amazing origin-
ality of conception."
THE ORIGIN AND
DEVELOPMENT OF THE
MORAL IDEAS.
By EDWARD WESTERMARCK, Ph.D.
Author of the ' History of Human Marriage.*
In 2 vols. Vol. I. 8vo, 14s. net.
THE PHILOSOPHY
RELIGION.
OF
By Dr. HARALD HOFFDING.
Translated by B. E. MEYER 8vo, 12s. net.
VOL. III. COMPLETING THE WORK.
DICTIONARY OP
PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY.
Written by many hands and
Edited by Prof. J. M. BALDWIN, Ph.D., &c.
With Illustrations and extensive Bibliographies.
Vol. IIL In 2 Parts. Imperial 8vo, 42s. net
*** Previously published, Vols. I. and II. 21s. net each.
VOL. IV. NOW READY.
THE WRITINGS OF
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN.
Collected and Edited, with a Life and Introduction by
A. H. SMYTH. In 10 vols. Medium Svo. Vols. I., II.,
III., and IV., 128 6rf. net each.
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd, London.
Messrs. HURST & BLACKETT
have NOW READY a work
of great importance by Mrs.
ALEC TWEEDIE.
In 1 vol. royal 8vo, with numerous Illustrations
from Photographs taken especially for this book,
price 21s. net.
PORFIRIO DIAZ,
Seven Times President of Mexico.
By Mrs. ALEC TWEEDIE,
Author of ' Mexico as I saw it,' &c.
AN ART BOOK FOR ALL TIME.
ORDINARY EDITION, 1 vol. demy 4to, cloth,
gilt top, price 21. 2s. net.
LARGE-PAPER EDITION (limited to 100 Copies
for England), price 41. 4s. net.
Containing 41 Full-Page Illustrations in
Colour and 36 in Black and White.
THE FIRST CENTURY OF
ENGLISH PORCELAIN,
1744-1850.
By W. MOORE BINNS,
Director of Furnivals, Limited, and late Art
Director of the Royal Porcelain Works, Worcester.
It is desired by the publication of this work to
enable Collectors of Porcelain to obtain, as far as
is possible from print, a correct idea as to the
origin of their Specimens, to help them to diagnose
each Piece.
The Work deals with English Porcelain from its
Birth in about 1744 to the Year 1850.
The Illustrations have been selected
especially, as far as possible, from Private
Collections.
AX ILLUSTRATED PROSPECTUS POST
FREE OX APPLIGATIOX.
THE LATEST AND BEST
SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
THE TRIUMPHS OF EUGENE
VALM0NT.
By ROBERT BARR,
Author of 'A Prince of Good Fellows,' &c.
JENNIFER P0NTEFRACTE.
By ALICE and CLAUDE ASKEW,
Authors of ' Shulamite,' ' Anna of the Plains,' &c.
UNDER THE ARCH OF LIFE.
By LADY HENRY SOMERSET.
THE WHITE HAND.
By CARL JOUBERT,
Author of ' Russia As It Really Is,' &c.
THE DRAKEST0NE.
By OLIVER ONIONS,
Author of 'The Odd-Job Man,' &c.
IN SILENCE.
By Mrs. FRED REYNOLDS,
Author of ' A Quaker Wooing,' &c.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
SEELEY & CO.'S NEW BOOKS.
FIRST EDITION ALMOST EXHAUSTED.
SECOND IN PREPARATION.
THE MAKING OF
MODERN EGYPT.
By Sir AUCKLAND COLVIN, K.C.S.I.
Late Lieutenant-Governor of the N.W. Provinces and
Oude, and Comptroller-General in Egypt.
With Portraits and a Map, demy 8vo, cloth, ISs. net.
"Sir Auckland Colvin is master of hi.s subject, and his
literary style would make the dullest topic interesting.
Incisive comment, apt allusion, and keen appreciation of
character lend brightness and reality to the descriptive
portion, while even the statistical details of administration
become attractive in his hands His book offers a
masterly summary of the benefits conferred on Egypt by
British enterprise and guidance." — Standard.
" A book to be warmly commended, and of which the
public stood in considerable need. . ..The present book is,
as far as we know, the first connected history worthy of
the name of the progress of Egypt since the British
occupation."— Morning Post.
NOW READY.
TWO YEARS AMONG
NEW GUINEA CANNIBALS.
A Naturalist's Wanderings in Unexplored
New Guinea.
By A. E. PRATT.
With 54 Illustrations and a Map. Demy Svo, cloth,
gilt top, 16s. net.
" A book of vivid interest from beginning to end."
Outlook.
" Many excellent illustrations give additional value to a
travel record which in its lucid description of new scenes,
strange people, and rich naturalist rewards is attractive
throughout. " — Ma nchester Coxirier.
"Vivid pages Mr. Pratt has many strange stories to
tell."— Dundee Advertiser.
SEELErS ILLUSTRATED POCKET LIBRARY.
Crown Svo, cloth, 2s. net ; lambskin, 3s. net.
NEW VOLUME.
CAMBRIDGE. By J. W. Clark, M.A.
F.S.A. With many Illustrations.
REISSUE OF SOME OP
THE PORTFOLIO MONOGRAPHS.
Bound in half-linen, and Title-Pages in Red and Black.
.Super-royal Svo, 3*'. 6rf. net.
NEW VOLUMES.
THE LIFE OF YELAZQUEZ. By Sir
WALTER ARMSTRONG.
THE ART OF YELAZQUEZ. By Sir
WALTER ARMSTRONG.
THE PICTURE GALLERY OF
CHARLES I. By CLAUDE PHILLIPS.
RICHMOND ON - THAMES. By Dr.
GARNETT.
THE CATHEDRAL BUILDERS IN
ENGLAND. By E. S. PRIOR, F.S.A., Author of
'A History of Gothic Art in England.' With 4 Plates
printed in Colour and many other Illustrations. Super-
royal Svo, sewed, 5s. net ; cloth, gilt top, 7 s. net.
" Extremely suggestive and stimulating."
Manehester Guardian.
SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS'S
DISCOURSES. Edited, with Introductions and Notes
on Text and Illustrations, by ROGER FRY. With
32 Full-Page Illustrations, extra crown Svo, 7s. 6d. net.
" An edition of the Discourses with a commentary by a
good modern critic has long been needed ; and Mr. Roger
Fry, who is peculiarly well fitted for the task, has now
supplied that need."— Times.
London: SEELEY & CO., Limited,
38, Great Russell Street.
N°4089, March 10, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
289
SATURDAY, MARCH 10, 1906.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Ainger's Lectures and Essays 289
The War of isi-2 290
A Modern symposium 292
Scarabs 293
New Novels (Traffic ; The High Toby ; A Dazzling
Reprobate ; The Sea Maid ; Irresponsible Kitty ;
TheHatanee) 294—295
Books at Auction 295
Our Library Table (The Making of Modern Egypt ;
With the Cossacks ; Macedonia ; The Dreamer's
Book; Mrs. Barbauld's Hymns in Prose for Chil-
dren ; The Story of Father Gapon ; La Riissie et
r Alliance Anglaise ; Au Petit Bonheur ; The
Gambia Colony and Protectorate ; Political
Theories from Luther to Montesquieu ; Canon
Beeching on the Apostles' Creed ; Sermons by
Dr. John Watson ; Arthur O'Leary) . . . . 296—297
List of New Books 297
"Ei.stow"; Horse-racing at Carthage; Chaucer
— "Prestes Thre"; The Coming Publishing
Season 298—299
Literary Gossip 299
Science— Our Library Table (Dr. Osier's Counsels
and Ideals ; New Methods of testing Explosives ;
Maladies caused by the Air We Breathe) ; Helium
and the Transmutation of Elements ; Anthro-
pological Notes ; Dr. Le Bon's Theories of
Matter; Societies; Meetings Next Week;
Gossip 301—304
Fine Arts— Three Exhibitions ; W. H. Boucher ;
Sale; Gossip 305—306
Music— Symphony Concert; Creatore Band Con-
certs ; Herr Oehler's Pianoforte Recital ;
Gossip ; Performances Next Week . . 307—308
Drama— Gossip 308
Index to Advertisers 308
LITERATURE
Lectures and Essays. By Alfred Ainger.
2 vols. (Macmillan & Co.)
These papers are a final instalment of
Ainger's literary remains. They consist
of essays, mostly reprinted from Mac-
millan's Magazine, and lectures, mostly
delivered at the Royal Institution, though
a few delivered elsewhere were published
in periodicals by himself, and composed
with a view to their ultimate appearance
as essays. Some of them might have
been withheld without precisely damaging
the author's reputation. Canon Beeching
owns to editorial misgivings about the
Royal Institution lectures, on the ground
of style. But even the finished essays
and lectures are not always free from a
weakness of substance. Ainger's best
work (in these volumes, at least) is shown
in those essays or lectures which give
scope for study, knowledge, and clear
good sense, rather than in those which
demand subtlety of perception. The
editor, whose business is not to disparage
his wares, evinces discernment of this by
concentrating his encomium on such
tilings as the tracking of Lamb's footsteps
in Hertfordshire, or the three opening
lectures on Shakspeare.
The purely critical papers are seldom
strong, and in the lectures already men-
tioned are skimmed milk. The one called
1 Euphuism : Past and Present ' is a
typical instance : it shows memory and
a general knowledge of literature, but is
not original or otherwise important. Once,
we think, Ainger steps aside from this
safe and beaten track, in discussing the
" euphuism " of Matthew Arnold's imi-
tators, to have a fling at certain of their
" betters " whose style is marred by this
" euphuism " of culture : " The aim at
giving better bread than ordinary men
eat — to exhibit ' Distinction ' — is at the
root of it all." Then follows a description
which irresistibly raises the Parliamentary
cry of " Name ! " and sets one answering
it for oneself. Did Canon Ainger mean
Stevenson % Other names, of less wide
renown, will suggest themselves, to which
it would equally apply from the stand-
point of those who love them not. But
here is one implied doctrine which has at
least boldness, if not definite originality.
" Distinction," then is wrong ? It would
be easy to show, out of the author's own
mouth, that Shakspeare is full of the
accursed thing. But we will not go so
high. For we turn the page, and find
the lecturer branding certain poetry
" treating in a commonplace way certain
interests intelligible to the ordinary intel-
lect, reflecting in more or less facile blank
verse sentiments and thoughts familiar
to the uneducated." So, after all, it
seems that the supply of better bread than
the ordinary man eats is not an illicit
trade. At what point, then, does it
become unlawful ? The concession once
made, where shall we draw the fine ?
Shall we amend the enactment thus :
"It is wrong to give better bread than
so-and-so and his friends eat " ? We
suspect that is about the state of the law.
Though we would not own it, even to
ourselves, that is for most of us the test
of literary righteousness. To us the
matter appears pretty clear in the abstract.
If a man write a style too specialized,
literate (or what word you will), for the
average intelligent reader, he limits his
audience. But he has a right to limit
his audience if he please ; and the ex-
cluded have a British right to abuse him
for it, which they will certainly exercise.
He may, however, in a variety of ways,
push such a style to exaggerations beyond
the limits of good taste ; and then he is
wrong. But the wrong is not in the
principle ; it is in the misuse of the prin-
ciple. That is easy to state ; but whether
a given writer's style does or does not
carry the principle beyond the bounds of
taste may be no such easy matter to
decide. And when John Bull is worried
by a thing, his method is to fling it aside
and curse it. That is why critics so often
rid themselves of what vexes them by
denouncing a principle en bloc.
We have noticed this chance utterance
at somewhat disproportionate length,
because it seems to us typical : whenever
Ainger propounds an idea of his own in
the domain of critical principle, it is apt
to be no less disputable (to use a mild
term) than this which we have discussed.
He seeks the ' Secret of Charm in Litera-
ture ' — a secret so subtle that Coleridge,
Hegel, or Lessing aright have hesitated
to make answer concerning it. But
Ainger has no difficulty with an answer
of comfortable simplicity : it is just
human sympathy — " the ear that hears
the ' still, sad music of humanity ' and
responds to it." While you are asking
yourself, amazedly, whether he can really
have considered the facts in this matter,
you find him naming poets in support of
his solution ; and among them Keats and
Shelley. Shelley ! the most visionary
and supra-mundane of poets, the very
cry against whom is that he soars con-
stantly in the blue, remote from all
human sympathies ! He is violently
humanitarian, no doubt ; but the humani-
tarian vein leads him to sentimental
diffuseness or to rant. His real magic
and his characteristic charm are as remote
from mere humanity as poetry well may
be. Among his shorter poems, which
exhibit him compendiously, every lover
of Shelley would allow as thoroughly
representative ' The Cloud,' the ' Skylark,'
and 'The Sensitive Plant.' Yet what
proportion of their lavishly beautiful
fascination has to do with human sym-
pathy or the " music of humanity " ?
Rather, we should say, with the music
of the spheres. One (perhaps the most
exquisite) stanza in the ' Skylark ' does
rest on its human appeal — that which
tells how " Our sweetest songs are those
that tell of saddest thought " — and the
other verses of the conclusion are dimmed
with a human sigh. But the body of the
poem is a train of imagery as aloof from
humanity as a shooting star. Yet would
Ainger have said there was not charm —
and most typical charm — in that chain of
lovely fancies ? Is it the human element
that gives charm to Coleridge, Crashaw,
Vaughan ? Of course there is a human
element in Vaughan or even Coleridge ;
but the peculiar charm and value he in
the added superhuman element. Indeed,
it might be plausibly contended that such
is the case in all poetry. Can one, in fact,
allege a common source of charm at all
for ' Kubla Khan ' and ' Pride and Pre-
judice ' ?
Criticism was not Ainger's true forte,
still less critical originality. Yet there
are essays of this kind in which he is fairly
successful — that on Mr. Stephen Phillips's
' Paolo and Francesca,' for instance, or
the more discursive paper on Tennyson's
death. But the essays or lectures in
which he is really at home are those in
which reading and good sense are a suffi-
cient equipment. The literary pilgrimage
among Lamb's Hertfordshire haunts is
full of pleasant interest, with its personal
details of what we might call literary
adventure, its associations illustrated by
quotations which Ainger's knowledge of
Lamb enabled him happily and readily to
make. In another way the discussion of
Shakspeare's schooldays in ' The Illiterate
Peasant' has interest, and value as a
common-sense protest against the absurd
tradition that Shakspeare was actually a
peasant, and an uneducated peasant.
So with the papers on ' Nether Stowey *
and 'The Influence of Chaucer on his
Successors.' The short paper on Cole-
ridge's ' Dejection ' has distinct value as
proving it originally to have beet) ad-
dressed to Wordsworth, not the " Lady "
290
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4089, March 10, 1906
of the Ode as we now have it (who, the
reviewer does not doubt, was meant for
Dorothy Wordsworth). Here clear sense
and some researcli were alone needed.
We are surprised, however, that Ainger
should follow custom in calling Words-
worth " poor " — the better to contrast
his strength with Coleridge's weakness.
Wordsworth never was poor as his friend
was ; he was virtuously satisfied with
Nature — and a modest competence, for
which he had not to work.
The best of these papers (save the
personal and reminiscent one on Lamb
in Hertfordshire) is, as Canon Beeching
sees, the ' Three Stages of Shakspeare's
Art.' In these three lectures Ainger has his
material before him, and brings together
and examines facts and views prepared
for him by others. His good sense has
scope in discussing and sometimes modify-
ing those views, revising their weak points.
Nay, we must even commend a touch of
originality in his perception that the poet's
blank verse matures and improves to the
last ; whereas it is very generally held
that the ultimate versification is a declen-
sion from that of the middle period. He
points out that if Shakspeare at one time
was drawn by personal sympathy towards
the sadder and darker problems of
humanity, the cynicism often present in
his characters did not affect his own
treatment of such themes, which remained
sane in its sympathy — contrary to Hallam's
view that the poet himself became misan-
thropical. It is throughout an attrac-
tive study, in which the scales are held
with well - balanced judgment. But,
except in the degree indicated, it puts
forward no fresh idea. We notice that
Ainger (perhaps awed by the high autho-
rity of Mr. Swinburne) implicitly accepts
the childlikeness of Shakspeare's children,
especially of Mamillius. Yet surely the
great dramatist's children are not child-
like or natural. With Mamillius at their
head, the quality which they persistently
display is the artificial and precocious
shrewdness which amuses unthinking
elders in drawing-rooms, by its very in-
appropriateness to their childish years.
" Go to, you are a forward child," is the
sort of admiring reproof which his adults
habitually bestow on his children. And
it is deserved. One feels that less notice
and more nursery would be excellently
wholesome for them. Ainger's ' Ethical
Element in Shakspeare ' attracts us less.
It is a verbose expansion of an original
point put forth in one of Coventry Pat-
more's essays. With another writer we
should have assumed ignorance of those
little-known essays, and withheld the
remark. But Ainger, it happens, in this
very book reveals an attentive acquaint-
ance with them.
There are other things — such as the
very pleasant gossiping paper on Sir
George Rose, or that on ' The Art of Con-
versation '— which assist to make a book
worth reading, despite its limitations.
Had the Royal Institution lectures been
omitted, our judgment might have been
much more favourable.
The War of 1812. By Capt. A. T. Mahan.
2 vols. (Sampson Low & Co.)
In one respect this work may be said to
break new ground, even for Capt. Mahan.
It is " ad unguem f actus, totus teres atque
rotundus " ; and to say that any other
naval war has received equally thorough
treatment would be to exaggerate. That
it has been possible to reach finality —
for we may safely assert that Capt.
Mahan's verdict will here be accepted as
final — is due to two reasons : the com-
parative brevity of the subject, and the
wealth of the evidence which illustrates
it. When diligence and judgment of the
highest degree are brought to bear in
such favourable conditions, it is not to be
wondered at that the result should be
as valuable to the man of affairs as it is
interesting to the student of history. It
is perhaps allowable to reflect how this
book would have made James, as honest
a chronicler as ever studied gazette, stare
and gasp. James could see little but
defeat in the war, and there were at that
time no writers beyond the Atlantic who
would have been willing, even if they had
been able, to point out to him its true
significance. Thus for very many years
the history of the struggle was obscured,
on the one hand by a not unnatural
" spread-eagleism," and on the other by
a somewhat exaggerated tendency to
make excuses. This state of things con-
tinued until some twenty years ago, when
President Roosevelt published his dis-
passionate study of the naval history of
the war — a study which he has recently
found occasion to furbish up somewhat,
though without making any essential
modification. It is doubly a matter for
congratulation that prejudice had already
been banished from the controversy, for
in this way the field was clear for Capt.
Mahan. There was no occasion to root
out a crop of weeds, nor even to descend
to details of material force or martial
achievement, for this had already been
done ; but it remained to handle con-
clusively the grand strategy of the war
as a whole, and, still more, to examine its
political relationship to the general history
of its time. And Capt. Mahan's book is
complete because it succeeds not only in
presenting the military history in its true
perspective and in sufficient detail, but
also in fitting the whole episode into
its proper place in the history of modern
nations.
The inquiry into the causes of the
war is exceptionally thorough. " Every
schoolboy knows " that it was due to
the Orders in Council and to the claim
to search American ships for British
seamen. But the earlier of the famous
Orders was issued in 1807, a date when,
Capt. Mahan thinks, war was so far in-
evitable that the United States ought to
have been in a position to declare it : —
" At a very early stage of the French
Revolutionary Wars the United States
should have obeyed Washington's warnings
to prepare for war, and to build a navy ; and
.... war should have been declared not later
than 1807, when the news of Jena, and of
Great Britain's refusal to relinquish her
practice of impressing from American ships,
became known almost coincidently."
And this because the methods which Great
Britain pursued were invasions of just
rights, to which the United States should
not have submitted, though to her they
were advantageous, and did cause the
Emperor's downfall and her own deliver-
ance. But the mischief, as Americans
must needs have considered it, sprang
from the tenure of the presidency by
Jefferson and Madison during the critical
years which should have been years of
preparation. Neither President was dis-
posed to acquiesce in the course to which
England was driven by dire necessity,
but neither was sufficiently gifted to see
that even the most extreme commercial
measures, even the strongest representa-
tions known to diplomacy, could not
avail an unarmed nation against an
adversary who was already engaged in a
life-and-death struggle. Just as arbitra-
tion and international law alike fall to
the ground when they threaten the exist-
ence of a State, so, too, it is written that
commercial war cannot, at the bidding of
doctrinaires, be substituted for the stern
clash of arms. Both Jefferson and Madi-
son were men of the desk, both were un-
conscious of the necessity of backing
words with deeds, and to both alike Capt.
Mahan applies Pompey's retort to the
Mamertines, " Will you never have done
with citing laws and privileges to men who
wear swords ? " He might with equal
truth have quoted an even stronger
phrase from a greater author than Plu-
tarch about " droning charms over sores
that crave the knife."
Now that the course of events is pre-
sented succinctly, now that their logical
connexion and sequence are strongly
emphasized, it is easy to see that the roots
of the war spread deep down into the old
colonial system, the legitimate offspring
of the Navigation Act. Apart from any
consideration of its effect in strengthen-
ing the Royal Navy, it is indisputable
that this Act had succeeded in enclosing
the commerce of the Empire within a
ring fence. The War of American Inde-
pendence made a breach in this fence,
and it was not unnatural that England
should strive to repair the damage by
seeking to maintain the system towards
the United States after their independ-
ence was gained ; failing this method,
which would again have reduced the
United States to the position of a colony,
it was inevitable that the States should
be made to feel the weight of the measure.
" Of this British commercial policy,"
says Capt. Mahan,
" Americans had not the slightest reason to
complain. They had insisted on being
independent, and it would be babyish to
fret about the consequences when unpalat-
able. . . .It is very possible that the action
of Great Britain at this time was stupid
but were the policy wise or foolish as regards
herself, towards the Americans it was not a
wrong, but an injury ; and consequently
what the newly independent people had to
do was not to complain,"
but to retaliate.
N°4089, March 10, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
291
Though here he justifies the subsequent
American policy which resulted in the
Embargo and Non-Importation Act, it
must not therefore be inferred that Capt.
Mahan condemns the British view. He
quotes, without endorsing it, Jefferson's
dictum that the way to prophesy what
England would do " was to ascertain
what she ought to do, and infer the con-
trary " ; and he assuredly does not uphold
the Jeffersonian theory that commercial
retaliation can be a thing complete in
itself. It has also to be remembered
that, whatever may have been England's
interest during the years of peace which
followed the independence — years during
which the States seemed so weak that their
unity was little more than a paper phrase
— the great wars in which England was
involved before the end of the century
entirely altered the outlook. For the
first time England was at war without
the whole of the world's commerce being,
in effect, ranged under one or other of
the belligerent flags ; and this, too, at a
period of great commercial development.
By her industrial inventions England was
setting the example to the world, and the
result was making itself felt in a vastly
increased commerce. Were the United
States, in the new character of a neutral
maritime nation, to reap the benefit of
these conditions ? Never, while English
statesmen could see that the strength of
their country lay on the water — that her
commerce was to her the breath of life.
And so the commercial war followed,
and with it the exercise of the much-
resented claim to impress seamen from
foreign ships. As to this latter difficulty,
it is not necessary to say more than that
Capt. Mahan treats the whole question
with discretion and impartiality. Though
the controversy is thorny, the facts and
the principles are not obscure. But the
commercial war was complex and wide-
spread ; and at least one of its immediate
results must be taken into account. This
was the additional wealth which, even
as things were, the growing commerce of
the world brought to the Americans.
With their position thus strengthened,
the unity began at last to have real
existence, and the treasury of the navy
to have money at its disposal. But this
money, easily sufficient for the building
of a squadron of ships of the line, was
devoted to ends that would have com-
mended themselves to our own " scientific "
economists, and some 35,000,000 dollars
were wiped off the national debt between
1801 and the outbreak of war. Com-
menting on this reduction, Capt. Mahan
quotes a Virginian Senator : " This differ-
ence has never been felt by society. It
has produced no effect upon the common
intercourse among men. For my part,
I should never have known of the reduc-
tion but for the annual Treasury report."
And Capt. Mahan grimly adds : " Some-
thing was learned about it, however, in
the first year of the war, and the interest
upon the savings was received at Detroit,
on the Niagara frontier, in the Chesapeake
and the Delaware."
The demonstration that the United
States were caught between the hammer
of the Napoleonic Decrees and the anvil
of the Orders in Council, and that they
were not content to submit quietly, is
both cogent and interesting ; but to
trace its bearing on modern conditions
would lead us far beyond the limits of
our space. We must, however, call atten-
tion to one clause of the Berlin Decree,
which runs,
" This Decree shall be the fundamental law
of the Empire until England has acknow-
ledged that the rights of war are the same
on land and on sea ; that it [war] cannot
be extended to any private property what-
ever " ;
and to Capt. Mahan's comment on it, in
opposition to a modern school which
would fain make war with showers of
rose-leaves and confetti. " The claim for
private property," he says,
" involves a play upon words to the confu-
sion of ideas .... Private property at a
standstill is one thing. It is the unproduc-
tive money in a stocking, hid in a closet.
Property belonging to private individuals,
but embarked in ... . commerce, is like
money in circulation. It is the lifeblood of
national prosperity, upon which war depends;
and as such it is national in its employment,
and only in ownership private. To stop
such circulation is to sap national prosperity;
and to sap prosperity, upon which war
depends for its energy, is a measure as truly
military as is killing the men whose arms
maintain war in the field."
We have referred to the author's belief
that the war was inevitable, unless Britain
could be induced to concede the points
in dispute, and to his proof that the
United States had neglected their chance
of attaining this end by their neglect to
provide that most powerful of diplomatic
agents, a squadron of line-of-battle ships.
After Jena, when Napoleon's grip on the
Continent was at its tightest, when Eng-
land alone stood up firmly against him,
a small addition to the forces of the enemy
would have inclined the balance against
her. The Americans might have had at
least a dozen ships of the line ; and had
they been thus ready for effective inter-
vention, the mere threat would probably,
in the author's opinion, have been suffi-
cient. As it was, they were tied to in-
activity by their naval weakness, and
England had learnt their secret ; so they
struggled on, fighting a commercial war,
imposing restrictions which harmed their
own trade even more than the English —
restrictions which at length combined
with the obnoxious right of search to
rouse such bitter feeling throughout the
country that war could no longer be
avoided. It was the misfortune of Ame-
rica that wiien it came, it came too late
to hold out prospects of success. The
French were on the point of being driven
out of Spain ; Napoleon was already
embarked in the Russian adventure which
was to prove his ruin ; and thus the
United States, which, even till the declara-
tion of war, had refused to add to their
naval force, were left very shortly to face
England alone.
The result could never be in doubt, and
it is in keeping with the eternal irony of
things that the disastrous war which
followed has been looked back upon by
successive generations of Americans as a
glorious episode in their national history.
It was, on the contrary, a period of great
distress and humiliation, and deservedly
so. While giving full credit to the excel-
lence of both officers and men of the
American navy, Capt. Mahan never lets
us lose sight of the fact that it was
unequal to its work. He quotes a con-
temporary, " a distinguished naval
officer," as writing : —
" No sooner had the enemy blockaded
our harbours, and extended his line of
cruisers from Maine to Georgia, than both
foreign and domestic commerce came at
once to be reduced to a deplorable state of
stagnation ; producing the utter ruin of
many respectable merchants, as well as of a
great multitude besides, connected with
them in their mercantile pursuits " ;
and, after enumerating the various ways
in which the pressure was felt, the writer
adds : —
"The coasting trade, that most valuable
appendage to an extensive mercantile estab-
lishment in the United States, was entirely
annihilated."
Again, the insults to the coast depended
solely on the discretion of the victor, and
in the end the United States made peace,
virtually upon England's terms. The
Orders in Council were indeed repealed,
but before the war was really begun ; and
the right of search was never abandoned^
The strategy of the war is treated not
only in its naval aspect, but also as a
whole, and Capt. Mahan shows howr the
United States were acting on the defensive
on the seaboard, and on the offensive on
the Canadian frontier. Here, too, lack of
preparation had to be paid for ; inability
to grasp the fundamental strategic fact
that the British left, resting on the sea
at Quebec, was the true objective, com-
bined with " demagogic prejudice in
favour of untrained patriotism " to ensure
the failure, or the comparative failure,
of the Lakes campaigns down to the end
of 1813. In the following year the lesson
had been learnt that, as the author puts
it, a tree is cut down by striking at the
trunk, not by lopping off the branches ;
and, in addition, soldiers had been evolved
out of the pristine mobs of raw militiamen.
The successful naval battle on Lake
Champlain was not unique, for there was
good and intelligent work done in the
year before, especially on Lake Erie ; but
sound strategy gave Macdonough's battle
its full effect, and the result of the later
joint operations was that in the negotia-
tions for a peace England was not in a
position to insist upon what was euphe-
mistically termed " a rectification of
frontier."
Of the seaboard operations and ocean
warfare we have said nothing. Not that
Capt. Mahan is less interesting here, but
that loss remained to be said. Each
naval action is examined in detail, and
the work of the privateers is fully illus-
trated ; but the material is so well known
that there were few secrets to tell. There
is, however, much important comment on
the strategy of the campaign on the ocean,
and, as a war of commercial destruc-
•l<r:
THE ATHENjEUM
N 1089, March 10, 1006
in, i, ii till ii possibility, these pa
deserve careful study. Even as to Die
type «>f emiser which this manner of wur
demands the lesson is bj no means obeo*
lete, and no stronger argumenj in favour
Oi massed force in a war against eoninc
<-< >ii l< 1 be adduced than the effect ol
Etodgers's offshore oroise in June and
July, L812.
We must not conclude without Calling
attention to the illustrations, which are
numerous. The maps and plans are
excellent and most instructive : the
portraits, especially those of Jefferson,
Madison, and Perry, are extremely inter-
esting ; but the imaginative pictures,
drawn originally for Scribners Magazine,
might with advantage be omitted in
subsequent editions.
A Modern Symposium. By G. Lowes
Dickinson. (Brimley Johnson & Ince.)
This little volume ought to be welcome
to all lovers of prose and to all students
of modern civilization. As regards form,
it suggests comparison with the author's
dialogue ' The Idea of Good ' ; as regards
subject-matter, with the more famous
1 Letters of John Chinaman ' ; yet the
symposium is neither a dialogue nor a
diatribe. It is a collection of imaginary
speeches on the principles that should
guide the modern statesman, and leans
to no particular side. The speeches are
put into the mouths of a number of
individualities, who are made to represent
with uncommon success very various
types of temperament — the aristocrat,
the Liberal, the Conservative, the
Socialist, the Anarchist, the poet, the
Christian, and so forth. Some of them
are clearly suggested by well-known cha-
racters. In the rhetoric of the Liberal
leader Remenham it is easy to discern
the full-blooded earnestness of Gladstone ;
and in the sarcasm of the Jew Mendoza,
closing with the curious lapse into mysti-
cism, and a melodramatic offer of his
hand to his rival, it is idle to deny that
some at least of the characteristics of
Disraeli find emphatic expression. All the
speakers are endowed with that lucidity
of diction, and those touches of wit and
poetic imagination, which we have learnt
to expect in Mr. Dickinson's writing.
We quote two passages which illustrate
this. The poet, who complains, some-
what like Matthew Arnold in his famous
description of a social science congress,
of the evil " of taking all the value out
of the past and present in order to put it
into the future," goes on as follows : —
" Of course the things really are bad that
you say are bad. But they 're so good as
well ! I mean — well, the other day I read
one of those dreadful articles — at least, of
course they 're very usoful, I suppose —
about tho condition of tho agricultural
labourer. Woll, then I took a ride in the
country, and saw it all in its setting and
complete, with everything the article had
left out ; and it wasn't so bad after all. I
don't mean to say it was all good either,
but it was just wonderful. There were
great horses with shaggy fetlocks resting in
green Balds, end oattle trading in ihaUow
ford . and streams Cringed with willows, snd
little oheeping birds among the reeds, and
lurks, and DUOkoOS, and thrushes. And
there sMte orchards white with Mossosa,
and little gardens in the Him, and (shadows
of clouds bill bhlg over the j. lain. And tie-
much discussed Labourer was in the midsl
of all this. And he really wasn't an in-
carnate grievance ! He was thinking about
his horses or his bread and cheese, or his
children squalling in the road, or his pig
and his cocks and hens. Of course 1 don't
suppose he knew how beautiful everything
was ; but I 'in sure he had a sort of com-
fortable feeling of being a part of it all, of
being somehow all right."
The beauty of this passage is, we think,
apparent.
Here is another and a very different
extract from the speech of Martin, the
Anarchist : —
" The history of the growth of the State,
of public authority and compulsion, is the
history of the decline from Florence and
Nuremberg to London and New York. As
the power of the State grows the energy of
the spirit dwindles ; and if ever the activity
of the State should extend through and
through to every department of life, the
universal ease and comfort which may be
thus disseminated throughout society will
have been purchased dearly at the price of
the soul. The denizens of that city will be
fed, housed, and clothed to perfection ; only
— and it is a serious drawback — only they
will be dead."
It is impossible, without more ample
quotation, to do justice to the security
and ease, the lightness and penetration
combined, of Mr. Dickinson. The book
is as charming as it is suggestive. In
its author we have one of the few living
Englishmen who can really write prose.
There is none of the affectation of the
" stylist " here. It is " prose of the
centre," limpid, natural, musical. The
excessive influence of French models, the
exotic elaboration of Pater, the artificial
daintiness of aestheticism, for once are
absent.
As to the matter of the book we have
perhaps said nearly enough. But there
is one passage which stands out for origin-
ality and force, the analysis of the Ame-
rican mind. Civilization is really a state
of mind, and it is Mr. Dickinson's merit
that he has recognized this, and so dis-
cerns the true differentia of Americanism,
and of all purely Western ideals. " For
what America is, that Europe is becom-
ing." It was, indeed, one of the many
signs of the extraordinary genius of that
strange combination of the seer and the
cynic, Benjamin Disraeli, that he discerned
more than fifty years back the tendencies
of the mechanical age, and pointed out
in ' Coningsby,' and more definitely in
' Tancred,' the dangers incident to Europe,
which " talked of progress because, by
the ingenious manipulation of a few
mechanical contrivances, she had estab-
lished a society which has mistaken
comfort for civilization." In essence.
the speech of Ellis, the journalist, is
only a development of the same notion.
but a development of such force and
insight that it ought to compel the atten-
tion even of those persons for whom the
mechanical millennium peted by
some u nlei the ideal, or at ]•
Satisfying. Wt do DOt mean that Mr.
Wells believe! this him-elf, but we think
that the described in .such books as
' When the Sleeper Wake- : j- a society in
which the latent ideals of Ameri
oerned by ESUis, have worked themseli
out to an external perfe. tion. We can hut
quote a few phrases here and there, which
illustrate the imaginary speal iew
that the one object of Americans is lapidity
of life. To this, it is contended, they have
sacrificed, and will sacrifice increasingly,
every kind of disinterested passion : reh>
gion, art, love, and even science. • n ej,t
so far as it has a purely practical obje t.
" Thanks to Europe, America has ne\
been powerless in the face of Nature ;
therefore has never felt Fear ; there-
fore has never known Reverence ; there-
fore never experienced Religion. . . .A nation
which knew what religion was in the
European sense ; whose roots were struck
in the soil of spiritual combat, of tempta-
tions in haunted forests or desert sands by
the Nile, of midnight risings, scourgings of
the flesh, and vigils in vast cathedrals, and
the miracle of the Host solemnly veiled in a
glory of painted light — such a nation would
never have accepted Christian science as% a
religion. No ! Religion in America is a
parasite without roots. The questions that
have occupied Europe, from the dawn of
her history, for which she has fought more
fiercely than for empire or liberty, for which
she has fasted in deserts, agonized in cells,
suffered on the cross and at the stake, for
which she has sacrificed health, wealth,
ease, intelligence, life .... for the American
people simply do not exist. They are
as inaccessible, as impossible to them as
the sphere to the dwellers in Flat land ....
Their religion, if they have one, is what I
believe they call ' healthy-mindednes-."
So with art and literature. They are
to the imaginary speaker inconceivable in
America,
" for the spirit of Art is disinterested con-
templation, while that of America is cupid-
ous acquisition. .. .The Future is for them
the kingdom of elevators, of telephones, of
motor-cars, of flying-machines. Let them
not idly hark back, misled by effete tradi-
tions, to the old European dream of the
' kingdom of heaven.' Excudcnt alii, let
them say, for Europe, Letters, and Art ;
tu regere argento populos, Morgan* . memento,
let America rule the world by Syndicates and
Trusts. For such is her true destiny ; and
that she conceives it to be such is evidenced
by the determination with which she has
suppressed all irrelevant activities."
Their whole purpose in life is acceleration :
" To be always moving, and always
moving faster, that they think is the beatific
life .... If they are asked by Europeans, as
they sometimes are. What is the point of
going so fast ? their only feeling is one of
genuine astonishment. Why, they reply,
you go fast. And what more can be said ?
Hence their contempt for the leisure so
much valued by Europeans. Leisure they
feel to be a kind of standing still, the un-
pardonable sin."
The speaker goes on to lament the
assimilation of all the Western world to
this one type : —
" True, says the man of the Future ; we
have no religion, literature, or art ; we don't
know whence we come, nor whither we go ;
N°4089, March 10, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
293
but, what is more important, we don't care.
What we do know is that we are moving
faster than any one ever moved before ; and
that there is every chance of our moving
faster and faster. The principle of the
Universe is acceleration, and we are its
exponents ; and if we cannot answer
ultimate questions, that is the less to be
regretted in that a few centuries hence there
will be nobody left to ask them."
Finally, the speaker rejoices that
" his friends are Socrates and Plato, Dante,
Michael Angelo, and Goethe, rather than
Mr. Carnegie and Mr. Pierpont Morgan. I
rejoice that I belong to an effete country,
and that I sit at table with almost the last
representatives of the culture, the learning,
and the ideals of centuries of civilization."
The speaker describes, perhaps with
accuracy, tendencies undoubtedly existing,
but his tone is for us too pessimistic, and
many will think that he has overstated
his case absurdly. The speech of the man
of science which precedes that of Ellis
in the symposium expresses the opposite
standpoint, and thus preserves the balance.
If the older scheme of values corresponds,
as we believe it does, to permanent ele-
ments in human nature, a society con-
stituted without them cannot have within
it the power of duration. Already there
are signs of reaction. Nor would it sur-
prise us if the twentieth century were to
witness marvels of human passion and
mysticism on a par with its undoubted
certainty of progress in mechanism. It
may well be that the age of which we are
as yet but on the threshold will hold its
rank in history less for the evolution of
future Carnegies and Edisons than for
some hero, who shall repeat in fresh
forms something of the work of a Francis
of Assisi, and be one more witness to the
undying romance of the human soul.
Scarabs. By Percy E. Newberry. (Con-
stable & Co.)
An authoritative book on scarabs was
much needed. After the Rev. W. J.
Lof tie's ' Essay on Scarabs,' written at a
time when Egyptology was neither so
popular nor so well equipped as at the
present day, nothing of importance on
the subject appeared till Prof. Petrie's
* Historical Scarabs,' which dealt only
with a few objects made for kings and other
great personages, and chosen to illustrate
the author's own theories of Egyptian
history. Then came Mr. George Fraser's
1 Catalogue,' describing with much good
judgment, but with equal brevity, the
five hundred or so rare scarabs in his own
collection ; and Mr. John Ward's ' Sacred
Beetle,' dealing, with greater garrulity,
with about the same number of good, bad,
and indifferent examples in his. Both
these books contain, by way of preface, a
dissertation on scarabs generally ; but
Mr. Fraser's was too compressed to be of
much service to the student, while Mr.
Ward cannot, and does not, yet claim to
be a qualified teacher of Egyptology.
Hence Mr. Newberry, whose practical
knowledge of the Egyptian language
surpasses that of most of his colleagues,
and who has conducted explorations in
Egypt for the last twenty years, found,
on coming to his task, an almost unworked
field. Let us hasten to add that he
cultivates it admirably.
He clears the ground, in the first place,
by showing, as Dr. Birch asserted long
ago, that the scarab was in its inception
nothing but a seal. It is true that it
often appears as an amulet, and that in
that capacity it was later, like most
things in Egypt, pressed into the service
of the dead. But primitive folk have in
all ages regarded knots, seals, and other
means of preserving inviolate things like
doors and documents, as having a magical
efficacy, and there is thus no inconsist-
ency in concluding that the scarab was a
seal before it became an amulet. That
the same ideas were current in early Baby-
lonia is also likely enough, and Mr. New-
berry is therefore probably justified when
he speaks of the use of the cylinder seal
as arguing a connexion between the civili-
zations of Western Asia and Egypt. But
it is surprising to learn from him that
these cy Under seals, which have lately
been much in evidence among the relics
of the earliest Egyptian dynasties, con-
tinued in general use down to the time of
the Twelfth Dynasty, when they yielded,
as he says, to " the more convenient "
scarab, but were yet made in a desultory
sort of way as late as the Twenty-Sixth
Dynasty. It is by no means improbable,
too, that for some time the use of scarabs
as seals was confined to the fair sex, who
found them serviceable as a means of pro-
tection for wine- jars and other domestic
stores. This is borne out by Mr. Newberry's
assertion from his own experience that
when a scarab seal is found in a grave,
the grave is nearly always that of a female.
Whether he is right in declaring that the
modern wedding-ring finds its origin in
" the custom of the man presenting his
wife, on her marriage, with a seal, which
she was to use for sealing up her stores of
provisions, &c," is, however, another
question. But it may be noticed that
Mr. Newberry will have nothing to do
with the theory that scarabs were ever
used as money. As for the other notion,
that they formed at some late period
the badge of adherence to the ancient
religion of Egypt, he does not even
mention it.
With regard to the period when scarabs
were in general use, he gives us one from
the tomb of Tehuti-nekht, ha prince, or,
as he translates it, " Mayor," under
Usertsen I. and Amenemhat II., which
he declares to be the oldest absolutely
dated scarab in existence. As, also, the
latest example that he supplies is dated
in the Twenty-Eighth Dynasty, we may
conclude that Mr. Newberry would confine
their use to the sixteen dynasties included
in these dates, and that, like most modern
Egyptologists, he would reject as forgeries,
or, at any rate, as isolated and very rare
survivals, all scarabs purporting to be
made in Ptolemaic or Roman times.
That there are many in existence bearing
the names of Menes, Khufu or Cheops,
Khafra, and many other celebrated kings
of the First, Fourth, and other dynasties,
is true enough ; but he gives excellent
reasons for supposing that these were all
manufactured a long time after the kings
they celebrate, and, as Prof. Petrie admits
that this was the case in certain instances,
it follows that only very slight reliance
can be placed on scarabs generally as a
means of dating. On the other hand, Mr.
Newberry affords information that should
be most useful to collectors as to the
different glazes that were used in making
scarabs at different periods, and as to the
variations that from time to time appear
in the anatomical details of the animal
represented. As to the materials of which
they were generally made, he is clear that
hard stones, such as obsidian, quartz, and
jasper, were originally employed, although
in the earliest times the stone, instead
of being itself engraved, served merely as
a base for a gold plate upon which the
inscription was incised. Precious stones,
such as carnelian, lapis lazuli, and tur-
quoise, were also employed from the first ;
while from the Eighteenth Dynasty gold,
silver, and bronze, though very rare, and
glass and pottery, begin to appear.
The majority of scarabs are of steatite,
and are generally covered with glaze of
different colours. In all these matters
Mr. Newberry's experience makes him
the safest of guides, and he will have
none of Prof. Petrie's theory that the
spiral pattern originated in the Nile Valley,
or that its primary use was the decoration
of scarabs.
To come to the objects themselves,
there are in the present volume forty-
four plates containing examples of up-
wards of twelve hundred scarabs. All
these are drawn by Mr. Newberry himself,
which is a guarantee at once of the excel-
lence of the representation and of its
accuracy. They are from different public
and private collections in Europe. Africa,
and America, including some hitherto
unfamiliar even by name, such as the
Chateau Borelly Museum at Marseilles,
Mr. Chauncey Murch's collection at Cairo,
and that of Mr. Piers at New York. But
it is a pity that Mr. Newberry has given
us no hint of the principle on which his
specimens were chosen. Some — such as the
wild cattle scarab of Amen-hetep III. —
have figured in earlier publications, but
most are new, and it is much to be wished
that Mr. Newberry or some other com-
petent scholar would give us a corpus of
scarabs, which would not only be of the
greatest use to the student, but would
also form a check upon the unbridled
imagination of dealers in antiquities.
That Mr. Newberry's book supplies already
the nucleus of such a work can he seen
from the names of the Twelfth Dynasty
persons (most of them undistinguished
enough) found upon the magic ivory
wands or phylacteries which have of late
received some attention. All these names,
except one, are found repeatedly among
the scarabs in Mr. Newberry's plates, and
the fact is eloquent <>f the wide sweep
with which his net has been thrown.
We have noted a few fault-. -Dine of
which might easily he amended in future
29-1
Til E AT II EN .Kl.'M
N U)80, Muini 10. 1906
impressions. We do not agree with Mr.
Newberry that King Narmer ia "the
predeoeeeoi of Men*, that King Zer was
" Mena'a Buooeaeor," or tliat Aha ia " the
Borue-name of Menea, the founder of the
l'n-t Egyptian Dynasty." Both the first
two identifications depend upon the third,
and this last lias no other support than
the broken ivory tablet unearthed by
If. de Morgan at N'egadah, whioh no one
has yet succeeded in reading, but which
bears a sign whioh may possibly be twisted
into a representation of the men sign
forming part of Menes's name. The
identification is rejected by several lead-
ing Egyptologists, and we think that
in a book not expressly addressed to the
learned, the reader should be warned of
the fact. Mr. Newberry also translates
the Movoyevijs of Hora polio as " only
begotten." In tins be sins in good com-
pany, but, as in the passage referred to it
is applied to the scarabseus beetle itself,
it is plain that bere it can only have its
common meaning of "unique." In writing
" type parlant, ' figured speech,' " Mr.
Newberry is probably referring to the
punning or '"canting" designs known to
heralds as " amies parlantes." This may
be mere infelicity of diction, but we have
noticed several bad misprints, among
which we may mention " valliance " for
valiance, " Karem " for Harim, " cura
anulis " for curator (?) anuli. While figs.
14 and 16 on pi. iv. are interchanged,
VKapafios, (TKapdf3€tos, and a(f>payiaTt'jS are
all wrongly accented. But these are small
faults, and, looking at the work as a
whole, we may congratulate the Uni-
versity of Liverpool, at whose expense it
is apparently published, upon a work
which will probably become a classic, and
may, we hope, have successors. The
three indexes of ' Personal Names,' l Titles,'
and ' Royal Names ' make it easy to con-
sult, and the whereabouts of the monu-
ments depicted is in every case clearly
marked.
NEW NOVELS.
Traffic. By E. Temple Thurston. (Duck-
worth & Co.)
Mr. Thurston's novel is rather a tractate
than a story, and it would appear that his
zeal as a pamphleteer has overpowered
his art as a writer of fiction. Here, as in
his last book, the work is very crude, and
yet has in it the smouldering possibilities
of tragedy. As before, his tale hinges on
the action and influences of the Roman
Catholic Church on human nature, and so
far as his theme is controversial we may
not criticize him in these columns. The
heroine, who is on the whole excellently
drawn, is forced into an abominable
marriage, leaves her husband, and is con-
fronted with a real passion later. Between
her and the realization of this stands the
Roman Catholic denial of divorce. In
the issue she drifts down and down, until
we find her frequenting the promenades
of a music hall. Obviously Mr. Thurston's
design is to demonstrate 'that the refusal
of divorce may logically end in physical
and moral degradation^ It remains (or
the reader toaey if he ha proTod in - point.
<>ui oonoern is with the book aa a work of
ait : and here we find it. aa we have said,
t Midi- and melodi aniat ic Chaiact. i
move under a lurid sky towards prede -
tinate doom. And the culmination i
clumsily managed as to be "bathetic."
Yet the writing is vigorous, and the expo-
sition courageous, and the book is bettei
in parts than as a whole. Mr. Thurston -
views on the Irish are interesting, and
sometimes epigrammatic, as — " Death and
emigration are the two great incidents of
life in Ireland. Marriage is a small
matter compared with these." Perhaps,
then, it was by reason of her English blood
that the heroine found marriage so for-
tuitously tragic.
The High Toby. By H. B. Marriott
Watson. (Methuen & Co.)
This series of stories recounts the further
fortunes of Dick Ryder, who as " Galloping
Dick " was introduced to book-readers in
1895. The " High Toby " is robbing on
horseback, and Ryder is a superior expo-
nent of his craft, with a wonderful eye
for beauty in distress. He is as incurably
romantic, indeed, as the stuff of his adven-
tures is — high-hearted, generous, indiffe-
rent to worldly gains. He indulges with
ease and fluency in the " big bow-wow,"
to use Scott's phrase. No highwayman
was ever so successful or so accomplished,
even at a time when the Court was witty
and blood ran faster than now. Mr.
Watson dates his period by introducing
Judge Jeffreys, whom Dick outwits by
feigning a political mission. But much
as our author would have us believe, we
are fairly carried away by the illusion of
high-flavoured language and high-pitched
impudence presented to us. Here is the
charm of dark roads, bright moons, and
the chance which makes adventure. No
one else could do the thing so well, or with
such verve. No one else, well over one
series, would, we think, have the matter
or the spirit for a second. Mr. Watson's
stories have the elements of popularity
without showing traces of that slovenli-
ness of diction and that limited outlook
which seem essential for success in English
fiction.
A Dazzling Reprobate. By W. R. H.
Trowbridge. (Fisher Uhwin.)
The hero of Mr. Trowbridge's novel is a
highly gilded youth, described as "a
human exotic, one of those beautiful tares
that are cultivated in the parterres of
society." Clanrebel, familiarly known as
Esau, has the profile, and possibly some
of the habits, of an ancient Greek of the
decadent period, and a past of such a
nature that he grovels on the floor in
anguish when he thinks his valet has dis-
covered it. The past never is discovered,
however, and Esau retains to the end his
brilliant and fascinating personality, with
a great powrer of arousing affection in
contemporaries of his own sex, while his
cynicism is accounted to him as an addi-
tional and pathetic 'harm. Mile, de
1 1 any, to whom i ae hie " loarlol
amotion," • tibly prefers his an
time friend the Regenerate,*' whose
history i- at lea I : but Lothair,
the young French count, who come •
London to itudy the waya of the Bi
tocracy, and who passes through a
taleidoacopic series "f artificial
remains faithful to hi- belief in E.«au. The
book, which i- probably intended for a
satire upon a certain section of " High
Life," which talks in epigram and mist l
cheap cynicism for wit, has a certain
cleverness, but no quality that is convinc-
ing.
The Sea Maid. By Ronald Macdonald.
(Methuen & Co.)
The situation of the Very Rev. Archibald
Prowdeflesche, Dean of Beckminster, and
his wife, who are shipwrecked in mid-
ocean and cast ashore on a coral island,
where they remain for twenty years, is
one which gives ample scope for Mr.
Macdonald's pleasing sense of humour.
This is especially the case when the
castaways are joined by a large party
from a ship which has been marooned at
an easy distance, the passengers and.
many of the crew being sent comfortably
ashore in boats. Amongst the former i-
Lord Ormsroode, masquerading for hi-
own purposes under the name of a fellow-
passenger, who is only too pleased to
assume the role of a peer. Hence in-
evitable complications ensue, since Mrs.
Prowdeflesche, a thorough Mrs. Prowdy,
deprived for twenty years of her social
and ecclesiastical rights, is determined
that the lovely daughter born to her in
exile shall marry the sham lord, whiLst
Polynesia, listening to the voice of nature,
sets her affections on the real lord. One
of the best scenes is where the Dean, who
is a gentleman as well as a most muscular
Christian, yields none the less to the
temptation* to steal some theatrical de-
canal garments from the luggage of a
passenger, thereby arousing the indignant
jealousy of his wife, who cannot be so-
suitably clothed.
Irresponsible Kitty. By Curtis Yorke.
(John Long.)
Irresponsible Kitty's dying mother
gave her as a sacred charge to her respon-
sible sister Winifred, and she lived merrily
throughout her scaramouch childhood and
flirting girlhood, calling the tune or stop-
ping it as she pleased, while Winifred
paid the piper. This, when both girls were
unattached, was unfair to only one of
them, and that one did not complain ;
but when Winifred married Sir Basil
Derrick, a jealous man with an explosive
temper, matters promised to become very
complicated. Husbands are apt to be
ill-treated by loving wives in novels of
the day. and Curtis Yorke is no exception
to the rule. Winifred, after a few search-
ing of heart, consents to pass off on her
husband, returning from Australia after
some months' absence, the offspring of
N°4089, March 10, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
295
Kitty's secret marriage as their own child,
and is stagily offended and unforgiving
when her husband takes literally her
answer of silence to his question, " Is he
. . . .my child ? " The end is reconcilia-
tion, as the hardened novel-reader expects,
and the whole thing is as false to life as it
can be. Given a minx like Kitty and a
fool like Winifred, tragedy is inevitable ;
but the author does not believe in her
own characters enough to avoid the con-
ventional happy ending.
The Hdtanee. By Arthur Eggar. (John
Murray.)
Burma, the land of light hearts and
smiling faces, has another side to show.
It is a land also of Nats and ghouls,
Thayay and " midnight-hatchets " ; but
worst of all is the Hatanee, the Burmese
variant of the widespread superstition
of the werewolf. The Hatanee, how-
ever, differs from the type of her tribe.
The Burmese shape-changer is oftenest a
woman, an interesting racial point of
difference from the type and point of
approach to the fox-woman of Japanese
folk-lore, and leaves upon soft ground the
mark of a foot neither all human nor all
bestial, a half-pug : —
" We do not know which woman it is ;
she herself does not know, for it is when she
is sleeping that the Thing within her bids
her rise up. Still sleeping, she goes out into
the night quietly, on tiptoe, and as she walks
her body turns into a tiger. Her footsteps
change : at first they are woman's feet ;
then half woman, half tiger. She creeps
from house to house till she finds one where
a person sleeps alone, without companions.
«... In the morning she is once again a
woman, and knows nothing of what took
place ; but in that house there lies the body
of a man, with the tears of claws and teeth."
The story hinges upon the recorded
instance of the murder of a woman by
her fellow - villagers for just such a
crime of shape - changing, though Mr.
Eggar has spared us the horrider
tragedy by giving a male victim to
Fate, and flinging a choice morsel to
the God of Irony by making the mur-
derous Thing-that-walks-by-Night a white
man and a mission teacher, inspired by
hist of gold. The love of Ba Saw and the
pagoda-slave whom he steals awav for
his wife, and who is the suspected Hatanee,
is well done, and the book makes the
reader ask for more.
BOOKS AT AUCTION.
Awtion Prices of Books. Edited by
Luther S. Livingston. Vol. IV. (New
York, Dodd, Mead & Co. ; London, Elliot
•k.) — Mr. Livingston is to be sincerely
congratulated on the successful accomplish-
ment of a task before which even the stoutest
bibliographical heart might have quailed.
To cope with a solid mass of 200,000 book
records required no small amount of courage,
and the skill with which the compiler has
manipulated this material is truly remarkable.
It is obvious that to compress the cont< m
of nearly thirty volumes of the English and
American 'Book-Prices Current' into four
a severe process of reduction would be
necessary, and we may at once admit
that Mr. Livingston has done this with
every reasonable care and with success. In
the case of many rare books, notes and
annotations are not necessary in sale cata-
logues, partly because bibliographical details
are to be found in special bibliographies, and
partly because a book bears its own prima
facie evidence of being perfect or otherwise ;
and if a collector is not sufficiently
enthusiastic to collate his purchases before
placing them on his shelves, he has but a
poor idea of his own responsibilities as a
bibliophile. But there are instances in
which bibliographical details of some sort
are essential in an auctioneer's catalogue,
not merely to serve as a guide to the pur-
chaser, but also to indicate why one copy
of a book should sell for a few pounds, whilst
another of the same issue fetches five or ten
times as much. So far as we have observed,
Mr. Livingston has discriminated well
between the two sections : the books which
should be annotated and those which need
not be ; had he failed to do this, his com-
pilation would have been not only of very
little value for reference, but also misleading
in the extreme. The earlier volumes of
' Book-Prices Current ' left much to be
desired in the matter of bibliographical
accuracy, and this fault is probably due to a
great extent to the auction catalogues
themselves ; but during the last decade or
so it has been realized that " minor " faults
are of some consequence, and have to be
pointed out for the protection of the vendor
as well as for the guidance of the purchaser.
Mr. Livingston's concluding volume is the
most important of all, Shakspeare occupying
60 columns, Thackeray 21 columns, Tenny-
son and Ruskin each about 16 columns, and
Walter Scott nearly 20 columns ; Anthony
Trollope, on the other hand, has only two
entries. The Shakspeare portion must re-
main the most elaborate and exhaustive
of its kind, until Mr. Edward B. Harris can
be induced to publish his comprehensive
tabulations of Shakspeare sales in London
from the earliest book auction up to the be-
ginning of the present year. Mr. Livingston
has apparently availed himself of all the
entries in Lowndes, and also records some of
the more important sales held in the interval
between Lowndes and the establishment of
' Book-Prices Current.' Some of the entries
of the earlier sales would have been much
improved by a little more detail. For
instance, the copy of ' Venus and Adonis,'
1596, is here baldly entered " Bolland, 91?.,"
and " Bright (Bolland copy), 91?. 10s.," and
then comes the entry of the same copy in the
Daniel sale in 1864. The dates of the
Bolland and Bright sales should have been
given. That of the former was November-
December, 1840, and that of the latter
in March - April, 1845 ; moreover, the
copy was a very fine one. We do not
understand the principle upon which the
unique copy of the ' Venus and Adonis ' of
1627 is omitted: this was in the George
Chalmers sale of 1842, and again in the
B. H. Bright sale of 1845, when it was (pre-
sumably) acquired for the British Museum.
So also the 'Titus Andronicus ' of 1574,
discovered in Sweden, and sold privately to
Mr. Marsden J. Perry, of Providence, is
omitted, although its importance would
have justified the compiler in making an
exception to his hard-and-fast rules. In
the case of the four quarto editions of Shak-
speare Mr. Livingston starts (with one
unimportant exception) with the Daniel
Bale, which seems a pity. It is true the
previous sales are recorded in Lowndes, but
Mr. Livingston's book would have been
greatly improved had he embodied the
Lowndes entries with his own.
In some cases the compiler shows a
trust in the accuracy of sale catalogues
which is beautiful to behold. This accounts
for one entry of F. Shoberl's ' Tour from
Geneva to Milan ' appearing under ' Scho-
berl ' (p. 76), whilst three other copies are
found under Shoberl. Mr. Livingston, how-
ever, has not this excuse in connexion with
Richardson's ' Pamela ' (p. 2), which he
spells ' Pamelia.' ' The Savage Club Papers'
(p. 70) were edited by Andrew Halliday
[i.e. A. H. Duff), and not by " Halleday."
The entry " Savonarola (Don Jeremy) " on
p. 72, is obviously not a real name, but a
pseudonym of Father Prout (Francis Syl-
vester Mahony). We find " Sir James F.
Stephen," whilst Leslie Stephen's well-
deserved knighthood is ignored.
The difficulty of hitting upon a proper
heading for anonymous books is not new,
and it is one upon which bibliographers will
always disagree. We think, however, that
some of Mr. Livingston's decisions are open
to improvement. The anonymous ' True
Art of Angling ' (p. 359) would be better
placed under ' Angling ' than under ' True.'
' Streets of New York' (p. 263) also seems
out of place ; ' South Carolina ' (pp. 206-7)
would be better under ' Carolina, South ' ;
and 'Term Catalogues' (p. 316) we should
have placed under the general heading of
Catalogues. We should look for Mr. John
Payne's ' Tales from the Arabic ' (p. 264)
under Payne, certainly not under ' Tales.'
The differences in prices paid in America
and in England for the same books are some-
times very striking. The sumptuous ' Art
Treasures of America,' edited by Edward
Strahan, and published about twenty years
ago, realizes in America, unbound, anything
up to 25 dollars 50 cents ; but the re-
viewer had the good fortune to purchase the
late E. L. Weeks's fine copy with India
proofs at Messrs. Sotheby's for II.
Book-Auction Records. Edited by Frank
Karslake. Vol. III. Part I. (Karslake &
Co.) — This instalment of ' Book-Auction
Records ' includes the sales that took place
during the last quarter of 1905, and contains
4,401 records. No library of first-class im-
portance was dispersed during that period,
but the sale of Sir Henry Irving's books at
Christie's, which included specially printed
copies of the Lyceum plays, as arranged for
the stage by the actor-manager, and some
fine Grangerized theatrical biographies, pos-
sessed more than a bibliographical interest.
No copies of the first or second editions of
Shakspeare's ' Comedies, Histories, and
Tragedies ' seem to have come into the
market during the period under notice ; but
one copy of the third edition realized 48?. 10s.,
and three copies of the fourtli edition brought
respectively 60?., 119?., and 150?. The last
of these copies is described as one of tho
tallest in existence, having several uncut
leaves. Rarer than the folios, a perfect
copy of the first edition of ' Much Adoo
about Nothing/ printed by V. S. for Andrew
Wise and William Aspley, 1600, realized the
great sum of 1,570?. ; while a copy of
Roberts's edition of ' A Midsommer Nights
Dreame,' 1600, which in Halliwell's opinion
was the first issue, though it is commoner
than the edition witli Fisher's imprint,
fetched 480?. A very fine copy of Beaumont
and Fletcher's ' Comedies and Tragedies,'
1647, realized 103?. In thisjpart of ' Book-
Auction Records ' Mr. Karslake gives an
illustration and short account of Messrs.
Hodgson's auction-rooms, and a reprint of
an article on ' Second-Hand Bookselling '
that appeared in Chambers's .Journal. Janu-
ary 24th, 1891 ; and lie also continues his
tii E a tii i:n m:i.m
N W89, Maimh 10, 1906
good humoured comments on matter biblio
polic. \\. would suggest thai in future
the total >um roalirod by the sale of
raid tfbrarj should l>e appended to tin-
introduotorj ' Kej to Bales. This would nol
only constitutes useful record for purpo
oi reference, but would also indJoate to some
extenl the relative importance of cadi collec-
tion that passed under the hammer during
the p. riod dealt with, in all other reap
tin' compilation maintains its reputation for
accuracy and completeness.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Sir Auckland Colvin knows all that
there i- to he known on The Making of
Modern Egypt (Seeley & Co.). The fact
that he can hardly he said to possess the art
of constructing a book docs not detract from
the worth of his volume, though it renders
it heavy for the general reader. It is
not our intention to disparage the author's
literary ability, which is conspicuous in
pa--.-... e descriptive of the leading persons
of his story. We have seldom met with
better characterization than in the pages
which have to do, for example, with Nubar
and with the Khedive Tewfik. The latter
stands out (as The Athenceam has constantly
maintained he should) as one of the most
excellent of men. In reviewing recent books
dealing with the life of Lord Randolph
Churchill wo have had occasion to repeat
strictures passed many years ago on the
charges brought by some members of Parlia-
ment in 1882 against the then Khedive.
Justice at last is done, upon a complete
knowledge of the facts, by Sir Auckland
Colvin : —
" When he was called on to decide broad issues or
to confront great difficulties, he saw his way rapidly
to a right conclusion. He well maintained the
dignity of his high position, for example, when, on
the eve of the bombardment of Alexandria, he was
invited to take refuge on the decks of a British
man-of-war. He replied to that proposal without
hesitation, that ' if he sheltered himself on board a
war vessel, whose guns were trained on the forts of
his country, he could never again show his face in
Egyin-' So he retired, guarded only by mutinous
soldiers, to Ramleh, in the neighbourhood of
Alexandria, whence few of those who bade him
farewell expected that he would be permitted to
return.''
As regards the earlier life of the Khedive,
before the British occupation, another
passage is worth quotation : —
" There was in Tewfik Pasha a reserve of reason-
ableness and sound judgment, and an honourable
belief in the good faith of advisers whom he
trusted, which are no mean substitute for ex-
perience directly acquired by long handling of
public affairs. He had confidence in the English,
and he especially felt the value of their support in
the presence of French ambitions. But as he had
no wish to be swallowed up by any Power, he
aimed at being friendly with all."
An interesting part of Sir Auckland
Colvin's narrative deals with the Drummond
Wolff negotiations and Convention. Dis-
cussing the theory set forth in recent volumes
as to the influence of Lord Randolph Chur-
chill in the matter, Sir Auckland Colvin adds
that the explanation " does not explain the
adoption of the scheme by Lord Salisbury."
Sir Auckland Colvin does not himself attach
sufficient weight to the natural anxiety of
British Ministers to keep faith with the Great
Powers.
The account of General Gordon and his
mission, and the relation to it of the various
advisers of the home Government, is by far
the best which has yet appeared, and con-
stitutes in fact, although that was not the
intention, a sounder defence of Gladstone
than ba^ been extract* d from the correspond'
ence oi the latter.
The only iiu-tak.- that we < \' D
that we have found lies in the statement
that the risk of war with Kussia which
affected the Soudan policy was " towards
the Close "i I- The risk of war wa in
faet over on the day when Gladstone made
his famous speech in defence of the credit of
eleven million-.
\\ i: have been greatly interested in the
perusal of Mr. Francis McCullagh's With the
Cossacks (Kveleigh Nash). It is a most
entertaining volume for the general reader,
and it also is of some value to the inquirt r
and historian, but how far it will be useful
is a little doubtful. Mr. McCullagh, accord-
ing to his own statement, had most excep-
tional means of seeing many things that no
one else saw at all, and this not only " with
the Cossacks," but also at the mouth of
Port Arthur during the first twenty-four
hours of the war, and in Japan. It is inter-
esting to note that he confirms the statement
that before the beginning of the war there
had arrived at Port Arthur the best gunners
and stokers of both the Baltic and the Black
Sea squadrons of Russia. The action taken
by the Russian Admiralty was prudent, but
as things turned out it would have been
better for them had these " special ratings "
been available for the third fleet ; and their
presence with it might have made a differ-
ence— probably in the long run insufficient,
nevertheless. The early pages of Mr. McCul-
lagh and many later ones bring before us
truthfully the common detestation of the
Japanese felt by residents in the Far East
before the war. The change which he
relates among the Russians towards their
victors or their captors is not greater than
that which has occurred among the Britons
of the Treaty Ports. It is necessary to keep
this fact in mind in order to discern the
origin of much Japanese suspicion, which
our governmental and public action has
only as yet partially removed. It is difficult
to discern or to lay down the rules of honour
which should guide officers in spy work.
The officer-spy still observes, and must con-
tinue to observe, some rules. Lord Wolseley
in his ' Soldier's Pocket-Book ' goes very far
in the direction of asserting that " all is fair
in war." Before war breaks out, and espe-
cially when it is certain, such a principle
cannot be said to apply. We admit that
Mr. McCullagh, as a correspondent, was not
bound by the rules which staff officers must
recognize ; and we note the fact that he
must have been able to convey to the Japan-
ese Consulate at Chifu, to which he went
straight from the first battles off Port Arthur,
valuable information for the use of the
Japanese Government, and that the Russians
on his return would have been justified in
showing a greater suspicion of him than they
actually displayed. Our author had been
the English editor of their official newspaper
in Port Arthur. We are justified in styling
" official " the pet child of Admiral Alexeieff,
although it was officially declared to be not
even " semi-official." Our author had re-
peatedly had interviews with the Viceroy
and with many of his high officers. The
public matter, however, with which we wish
to deal in a few lines is Mr. McCullagh's
statement that the Japanese Consul from
Chifu, on the day before the attack upon
Port Arthur, when he went to take away the
Japanese non-combatants, had with him in
disguise, as the constable of the consulate, a
Japanese naval commander, and that after
performing their neutral business, witli every
assistance from the Russians, they went
Xdmiral Togo at .-■ a. J i.- i'-ult
of their conduct, if the story i-> tni'-, and of
ita n eolation, must be that .
will, in the case of future period . >n,
be thrown in the way of humanitarian a- ten.
It i- most mi. resting to .-<■•• th<- extent to-
which Mr. IfoGullagb confirmed at tin- tim<*,
bj telegraphic information in the columns
American new ipapi i prophet
which the columns of The Athenamm con-
tained as to facts which were clear to a
i vers here, though apparent!;.
realised by the General Staff of Russia, of
Germany, or of France. Our author agrees-
with General Sir [an Hamilton that " wealth
and factory servitude, the eorroders of martial
virtue, w ill gradually take the edge off " the
valour of Japan.
Messrs. Mkthuen & Co. publish Mace-
donia, by Mr. H. N. Brailsford, a volume
illustrated by admirable photographs, wholly
different from those of the same peoples-
praised in our notice of two other volumes
during the last twelve months. We know
not if Mr. Brailsford intends to return to
the countries in which he has travelled, but,
if so, he shows much confidence in the
existence among the leading men of a higher
standard of respect for life than is usually
assigned to them. One of his photographs-
represents a well-known Greek archbishop
at a Turkish review, standing by the side
of the Governor and the commander of the
troops ; and the letterpress relates a free
conversation with the Archbishop, carried
on partly in Greek and partly in German.
The description of this brilliant and powerful
personage is such that we think the conver-
sation ought not to have been published
without some attenuation. It is difficult to
suppose that the Archbishop consented to
its being reported, and, even if he did, the
character of him given by the author is
inconsistent with those friendly relations
on the strength of which the permission
could alone have been granted. Mr. Brails-
ford is fairer as between Slav and Greek
than is usual. As a general rule, Western
writers take either the Slav or the Turkish
side, and are almost equally hostile to the
Greeks. There is much in this volume
which would be regarded by patriotic
Greeks as wilfully disagreeable ; but the
author sees the strong points of the race
along with what he thinks the weak,
and in at least one eloquent passage does
them something like justice. He contributes
a political fact of value in pointing out that
in several Turkish outrages of the last two
years the " refonned gendarmerie"' behaved
at least as badly as did the troops.
The Dreamer's Book, by J. H. Pearce
(A. H. Bullen), is well named, for the various
fantasies and stories it contains are indeed
such stuff as dreams are made of. Some of
the sketches are a selection from two pre-
ceding volumes, ' Drolls from Shadowland '
and ' Tales of the Masque.' with the addition
of others of later date, and, with but few
exceptions, amply justify their preservation
in book form. Readers may be glad
to discover that the poetic vision is not
strictly confined to the airy mountains of
the North or the boglands of the other
island, but is even apt to flower, upon occa-
sion, in the golden remote West, where the
gulls cry and the Severn sea thunders in the
caves.
Mr. Tcarce has a rare imagination and a
tense, vivid style, by no means affectedly
archaic, but touched to just the right note
of a not too rude simplicity, that provides a
fitting medium for his ideas. Without the
aid of ghosts or goblins, he produces the
atmosphere of the supernatural, or, perhaps
N° 4089, March 10, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
297
one should rather say, the unperceived, in
the most natural manner in the world. His
fancies walk in Borderland as easily as on
the high road from one market town to the
next, with an effect of reality that is some-
times amazing, and of this faculty ' The
Puppets ' in particular is a brilliant, if
sinister example. ' A Year and a Day,'
again, renders with an almost Maeterlinckian
simplicity this same dream-atmosphere of
real unrealities ; while ' The Unchristened
Child ' is worthy to survive in perpetuity as
a folk-tale. But ' A Voyage to the Golden
Land ' is tragedy pure and simple, all un-
touched to other-worldliness — a tragedy of
two children so poignant that one comes near
to wishing that the author had refrained.
Throughout the book there is nothing forced
or inartistic ; indeed, although it is in no
way derivative, much of the elusive, tranquil
charm of Hawthorne is here.
In the multitude of reprints there is not
infrequently wisdom, to say nothing of
pleasure and profit ; but the inspiration
that prompted the republication of Mrs.
Barbauld's Hymns in Prose for Children
(De La More Press) can hardly be regarded
as happy, especially when it is remembered
how many worthier subjects for resurrection
lie disregarded on the dust-heap of the past.
Although eminently pious in intention, these
" hymns in prose " are so stiffly artificial,
for all the author's laboured efforts after
simplicity, as to raise up a doleful vision
of the unfortunate little mortals of an
earlier generation who were condemned not
only to commit them to memory, but also
to recite them. The characteristic pre-
face, which pompously praises Dr. Watts's
' Hymns for Children,' and commends
" the condescension of his Muse, which was
very able to take a loftier flight," proceeds
to doubt
"whether poetry ought to be lowered to the
capacities of children, or whether they should not
rather be kept from reading verse till they are
able to relish good verse : for the very essence of
poetry is an elevation in thought and style above
the common standard ; and if it wants this cha-
racter, it wants all that renders it valuable."
Let us render humble and hearty thanks
to the gentler civilization of our day,
which recognizes " good verse," and even
poetry, as the inalienable birthright of the
child, at the same time acknowledging in all
true poetry the eternal element of childhood,
a wonder and a wild desire.
The Story of my Life. By Father George
Gapon. (Chapman & Hall. ) — Father Gapon
suddenly became famous in the St. Peters-
burg riots, since which he has fled the country
and has been residing in England and
elsewhere. According to the latest ac-
counts, he is in sympathy with the efforts
of Count Witte. Meanwhile strikers are
everywhere active, and we have the
questions of the various nationalities of
which Russia is composed, among others the
Polish and Lithuanian. We do not hear
yet of the summoning of the Duma, on which
Seople of liberal principles have placed such
opes. It is pleasant to read the description
of the early life and struggles of Father
Gapon in the village in Little Russia where
he was born. For he is a native of the most
picturesque part of Russia, and one which
has shown a vigorous feeling of nationality
in spite of the derision in which the people
are held by the Great Russians, who call
them khokhli and cholopi. The scenery of
the country, we may add, has been described
in the poems of Shevchenko, Kulish, and
Hudanski, and in the tales of Gogol and
Marko Vovehok.
Gapon was born in tho village of Biliki,
in the government of Poltava, where his
father and mother are still residing. We
find a picture of his birthplace and por-
traits of his parents. His father received
a little education ; his mother is not able to
read. The accounts of his early life will be
read with interest, for there is an air of
sincerity about his book, and the story of
his marriage and the death of his young
wife forms a pathetic part of the narrative.
We have graphic accounts of Plehve and
of Father John of Cronstadt, who is not
very favourably described.
Father Gapon laments the worldliness of
the clergy and the selfishness of the rich
laymen, but an Englishman need not travel
to Russia to see these characteristics. Of
Father John he tells us that he is in close
relation only with the powerful, and that
he receives high fees from his votaries.
The account of Father Gapon's escape
from Russia is not so startling as that pub-
lished some years ago by Rufin Piotrowski,
the Pole, who travelled through Siberia, and,
after getting across the frontier and reaching
Konigsberg, fell asleep from fatigue in the
streets of that city, was aroused by the
watchmen, and committed to prison because
ho would not say who he was. Unfor-
tunately, there was a treaty between Russia
and Prussia by which all fugitives were
surrendered ; and surrendered Piotrowski
would have been, but for the kindness of a
high official, who connived at his escape.
We are glad to have in the appendix to
this volume a copy of the petition of the
St. Petersburg workmen to the Tsar on
January 22nd, 1905. It was signed by
Father Gapon and about 135,000 workmen.
It shows that the common people of Russia
are not so universally illiterate as in the West
they are believed to be.
MM. Plon-Notjrrit & Cie. publish a
volume which we are not able to recommend,
entitled La Russie et V Alliance Anglaise.
The author, M. Nicolas Notovitch, belongs
to a school to which we have not
found ourselves drawn. The object of
the volume appears to be the conclusion
of an arrangement between Russia and
Great Britain, to which we are favour-
able ; but it is useless to attempt to force
forward such a scheme by threats of invasion
of our Indian Empire, and by depreciation
of the Japanese. The author seems to think
that the advantage of the Japanese alliance
to us lies in a direct defence of India by
Japanese forces, which we can assure him
has never been contemplated by any British
statesman.
There is nothing striking about Au Petit
Bonheur, the new play of M. Anatole France,
except that in tho list of his works prefixed
to it ' Pierre Noziere ' finds no place, al-
though the publisher is the same (Levy).
Mr. F. Bisset Archer, who has been
Treasurer and Postmaster of our smallest
West African possession for three years, has
compiled The Gambia Colony and Protectorate:
an Official Handbook (St. Bride's Press),
which he hopes will both " provide a useful
medium of reference for many directly con-
cerned with this region," and " interest the
wider circle of the public who are now, as
never before, watching with keen and sym-
pathetic appreciation tho building up of
their England beyond tho seas." In spite
of its numerous illustrations and attractive
appearance, the substantial volumo is less
likely to meet tho second want than the
first. All but six of its fourteen chapters
are made up of bald statistics and bare
details of administrative arrangements, with
an English-Mandingo vocabulary among its
miscellaneous information ; and tho pre-
liminary third makes no pretence at thorough-
ness as an historical and descriptive sketch
of the insignificant " settlements " which
were formally acquired by Great Britain
in 1827, and occupied only 68 square miles
until, a few years ago, a " protectorate "
some seventy times as large was added to
them. The characteristics of the Man-
dingoes, Jolloffs, Foulahs, and other rival
occupants of the banks of the splendid
tropical river, which its British owners
make but small use of as a waterway, are of
exceptional interest, and have been the
subject of several instructive and picturesque
memoirs by travellers. Mr. Bisset Archer,
however, has not turned to the best account
the material at his disposal, though the
official maps copied by him are good.
Political Theories from Luther to Mon-
tesquieu. By W. A. Dunning. (New York,
the Macmillan Company.) — This is tho
second volume in the sketch of the history
of political thought which Prof. Dunning
began some time ago. It is a great improve-
ment on the earlier work. Indeed, for a
bird's-eye view of the subject it could
scarcely be surpassed. The account of
Luther's doctrine with which the work opens
is particularly admirable. To the general
reader the subject is dry ; yet the style of
Mr. Dunning does much to make it attractive.
The Civil Service candidate should find
this volume exactly what he needs. Indeed,
the only thing to be regretted is the
ease with which the author's skill in
exposition will enable the careful crammee
to write on topics which he fc knows
only superficially. But that is an evil
incident to an age of examinations.
Canon Beeching has written a series of
short lectures on The Apostles' Creed, which
Mr. John Murray publishes. They are brief
and popular, but we do not know where else
to go for so excellent an exposition of the
main articles of the Christian faith, written
with simplicity, but at the same time with
the grace and suppleness of diction of which
the writer is a master. They will bo
useful to many who may find Westcott's
' Historic Faith ' too stiff ; the standpoint
is somewhat similar to that of Westcott,
thoroughly orthodox, but at the some time
widely tolerant. The little book should
have a wide circulation.
The Inspiration of our Faith, by Dr. John
Watson, which comes to us from Messrs.
Hodder & Stoughton, should find a larger
public than most volumes of sermons
can boast. The book is, in our opinion, far
superior to the writer's well-known work on
' The Mind of the Master.' There is not a
single sermon which does not contain sug-
gestive and stimulating thought. Needless
to say, all are written with that lucidity
and point for which Dr. Watson is famous.
They have the supreme merit (rare k in
sermons) of being interesting.
We notice with pleasure the appearance of
Arthur O'Leary, with Cruikshank's illustra-
tions, in Messrs. Macmillan's new uniform
edition of Lever's novels, which would provo
an excellent addition to a country-house
library.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
B N ci,is II.
Theology.
Abrahams (I.), Festival Studies, heing Thoughts on the
Jewish Yen, 2/fl
Bickentetb (<'.), Tin- Qospel <>f Incarnate Love, 8/ not.
Brooke (Stanford A.), Tin- Life Superlative, 0/
Duncan (< lanon), Tempted in All Points, i ' mi
<;»;itkin ill. M), The Bye for Spiritual Things, and other
Sermons, i 8 net.
Hunks (W. P.), Tin- Eternal Witness, ,i«<| other Sermons,
2/0 net.
•J! is
THE ATHENJKUM
N l-iv,. MAk,„ ,o, 1906
ll.-i. I Primitive < Im.-ii.,ii i ducat , < •
i .. k (.1 W Itv II I
Lenten Readings, dona Into I nglixh bj John Pi
Mjutiima "i But.
l.illi. .v u . Workshop of Religion
V..tn. k(VYA Junes. Hi.- Lord - Broth
Ryder (C i. Ufa ol II i.- Bdward BridgeO, :; 0 net
—-■nil ft (Mi. I'. .tr~..lli. Hi.- <..■■! "I all Comfort Mid the
Merrel ol Ilia Comforting
\ i i •. n ilopment .mil Divine 1 "hi i>. .~t-. :. in i.
Fin? Art and A rclntology.
, . w | Longton II. ill l'..n -.-l.i in. 4L' net.
Jiniiit (II.). A .Manual of Costume U Illustrated l.y Muiiu-
llll-lll-.l KniMu s, In li net.
i Inberg (A. JA The Kngllah Water-Colour Painter*, ! Mb
O&rdnei (B. A), * Handbook .<f Oreek Sculpture, 10
Harrison (.1. v. .), Primitive Athens u described bj
i nucyoides, 8 net,
Morris (O. l.i. u in. i \v i (i..), Tin- Country Cottage, 9 net.
PMjMN <'f the lilill>h Bchool of Ki'lllf, Vol. III., 3" int.
/ try and the Drama.
•r.iauniont and Fletcher, edited by A. Glover sad A. It.
Waller. Vol. n., \ o not
Browning (K. It), Aaron Leigh, 2 6 net.
Dante, Reading! on the Inferno, l.y \v. w. Vernon, 'j vol-.,
Bi . ..ml Edition, IE mt.
r.lliott (C), Hymns f«.i- a wc.k, o.f. neb
Jbeen (ll.). II.-. I. la Gaoler, translated by K. Qosse, 20
Marks CM. a. MX The Tree of Knowledge, 3/B net.
Moore (T. Sturge), Poems, fl neb
•tlrin.l.i Booklets: Katheriiie Philips; Robert Heath;
Henry Reynolds ; Thomas Platman, J 6 ]ier set of six.
Pembroke Booklets: sir Philip Sidney, Mary Sidney, and
M. Roydon: Traherne, Vanghan, and Norris oi Be-
merton; N. Breton, Wither, and Browne of Tavistock;
Suckling, Sedley, and Wilinot, each 1 0 net.
■Phillips (S.I, Nero, 4 8 net.
lout (R, J.), Ecoe Somniator Venit ! 2/8 neb
Musis,
■Peasant Songs of Great Russia, collected by E. Lineff,
5/ net.
Telford (J.), The Methodist Hyinn-Book, 5/ net.
Bibliography.
James (M. RA Descriptive Catalogues of the Western
Manuscripts in the Library of Queens' and Clare
Colleges, Cambridge, 2 vols.
Watkinfi (<;. T.), Bibliography of Printing in America, 4/
Philosophy.
tVeetermarck OS.), The Origin and Development of the
Moral Ideas, Vol. I., 14/ net.
Political Economy.
Zorn (.T. C. L.), Thoughts on Taxation arising out of the
Tariff Question, 1/ neb
History and Biography.
Bates (Cadwallader J.), Letters of, edited by Rev. M.
Culley, 10/6
Boswell(J.), Life of Johnson, edited by Augustine Birrell,
C vols. 6/ net.
Colvin (Sir A. ), The Making of Modem Egypt, 18/ net.
Dunn (J. P.), Indiana : a Redemption from Slavery, 4/6 net.
Evelyn (John), Diary, 1620-4S, edited by W. Brav, with Life
by EL B. Wheauey, 4 vols., 42/ net.
•Oilman (D. C), James Monroe, 4 6
iligginson (T. W.), H. W. Longfellow, 4/6 net.
Holyoake ((i. J.), Sixty Years of an Agitator's Life, Popular
Edition, 2/6 neb
Josephns, Works of, translated by Winston, edited by D. S.
Margoliouth, 5/ net.
Mackinnon (J.), A History of Modem Libertv, 2 vols., 30/
net.
Magnire(T. M.), The British Army under Wellington, 1811-
1813, 0/ net.
Phillips (<;. P. A.), Guide to Military History for Military
Examinations : Part II., Peninsular War, 1811-13, 3/ net.
Sedgwick (H. DA A Short History of Italy, 476-1900, 8/6 net
Wright (T), The Life of Sir Richard Burton, 2 vols., 24/ net'
Geography ami Travel.
Edwards (A. II.), Kakemeno : Japanese Sketches, 7/6 net.
Salmon (A. L.), Literary Rambles in the West of England,
6/ net.
Where to Live round London, Southern Side, 1/net.
Wilson (C. TA Peasant Life in the Holy Land, 12/ net.
Wi ight ( W. B.), Cities of Paul, 4/6 net.
Sports and Pastimes.
Motoring Annual and Motorist's Year-Book, 1006, 5/6
Young (1-ilsoH), The Happy Motorist, 3/6 neb
Education.
Thorndike (E. L.), The Principles of Teaching, based on
Psychology.
Philology.
•Gillies (H. C), The Place-names of Argyll, 6/6 net.
Paolides (K.) and Newborn (F. l).), An Elementary Primer
of Modern Greek, 8/9 net.
Sophocles. PhOoctetee, abridged from Jebb's edition by
E. S. Shuckburgh, 4/
School- Books.
Blaekie's English School Texts : The Age of the Antonines ;
Ma. -aulay's Third Chapter; Mores Utopia; Edmund
Burke, Speeches on America ; The Pilgrim's Progress,
Parts I. and ll., Bd. each.
Blaekie's Latin Texts: Virgil, .Kneid, BooksL.IL, III., and
IV. ; Csesar, Gallic War, v. and VI. ; Ilias Latina,
6VL net each ; Livy VI., Bd.
Blaekie's Little French Classics: I.'Abbt1 de l'hpee ; La
Demiere Cltinnr Ac, a<l. each ; Histoire des Quatre Pils
Aymon, i*'. ; Lee A ventures de Tom Pouce; Poesies
< hoisies, 4</. racli,
Bourdase (A.), French Auxiliary and Regular Verbs, Od,
BowerfW. RAand Satterly (J.), Practical Physics, i/8
jionington (<;. c.), Practical Exercises in Chemistry, 2/6
Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare, Second Selection, edited
by J. H. Blather, l 8
Latter (H.), Pr.eis Writing for Amiv Classes, dCC., Second
Series, 3/6
Philips' Model Atlas, Cd. net.
i:.. .■ (Hon. W, P.) and HpeJfbl (B I. i, The Imp
H.-...I. i
Reynolds (rlii JoshuaX Diaoonrsas, «-.iit.-.l bj Prof, J. J.
I- 111. II. IN, I ll. I
Hlmkeapvare : A .Mi.l-niiiiii. r Night'M Hi... in, edit.-. I l.\
C W, Crook, l y . Pi< mi.- Edition, l,
Bl .. k Board Arithmetii , Part II.. l <•
'I bona 1 11.- (A). I ir-t Steps in (oll.Kiin.il French, 2/
Welch Mi. E i, ChciuM i> Lecture '
w illai.i (» . D), cu\ Government fot Young Peoj
galenas.
Adams (ll L Ob— ell's Building Construction
Blounl (it), Practical Electrochemistry, Second Edition,
U n.i
Bichhorn (C.), Wireless Telegraphy, h ii net.
Garcke (K.), Manual of Electrical Undertakings nasi
Directory of Officials, 1906, Ifi nab
Heaps (W.), The Breeding Industry, 2/8 aeb
Mining Ve.u Book, 1906, l.'./net.
Oliver fT.), Maladies caused bj the Air we breathe iii-i.l.-
ailll outside our Homes, g/g net.
Webb(W. M.), and siiieiu(C), The Biiti-h Woodlice, 6/ net
General Literature.
Arbiter (The) in Council, 10/ net.
Avebury (Lord), The Pleasures of Life, <>'.
Barrett (A. w.) and Fryers (A.), The Man with the Opals,
6/
Bradshaw's Bailway Manual, Shareholders' Guide and
Directory, hkkj, 12/
Caine (WA Pilklngton, 3/6
Carnegie Institution of Washington, Year-Book, No. 4,
liKlj.
Oassell'8 Cabinet Cyclop;rdia, 7/6
Dyson (EA In the Roaring fifties, <;/
Kaston (M. G.), The House of the Bridge, 6/
Essays Moral and Polite, 1660-1714, edited by J. and C.
Maselield, 3/6 net.
Haggard (H. Rider), The Way of the Spirit, 6/
Hardy (K. JA What Men like in Women and What Women
like in Men, 1/ net.
Hutton(H. H.), Brief Literary Criticisms, edited by E. M.
Roscoe, 4/ net.
Irving (<;.), Love? a Tale, 6/
James (C), At Break of Dawn, 3/6
Kieler (L.), Thv People shall be my People, translated by
Bemo, 6/
Lely (Sir P. S. P.), Suggestions for the Better Governing of
India, 1/8 net.
Lever (Charles), Arthur O'Leary, Xew Edition, 3 0
Lewis (A. H.), The Sunset Trail, 6/
Oliver (L. S.), The Expiation of Lady Anne, 6/
Oxenham (J.), Giant Circumstance, 6/
Pasture (H. de la), A Toy Tragedy, New Edition, 3/6 net.
Regnas (C), The Land of Nison, 6/
Report of S. P. Langley, Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution, for the Year ending June 30, 1905.
Roberts (Earl), Speeches and Letters on Imperial Defence,
1/ net.
Separatist (The), 6/
Silberrad (U. L.), Curayl, 6/
Somerset (Ladv H.), Under the Arch of Life, 6/
Thoreau, (H. D.), Writings, Vol. II., 6/ net.
Tower Press Booklets : Some Irish Essays, by A. E., No. L,
1/ net.
Tracy (L.), Karl Grier, a Strange Story, 6/
Trollope (A.), Orley Farm, 2 vols., 2/ net.
Turner (R.), Uncle Peaceable, a Comedy, 6/
Yeldhain (C. C), Durham's Farm, 6/
FOREIGN.
Fine Art and Arch&ology.
ChatelierfG. Le), Louis Pierre Deseine (1749-1822), sa Vie et
ses QSuvres, lOfr.
Fiaipont (G.), La Flore des Artistes : Fleurs des Parterres,
3fr. 50.
Marcel (P.), La Peinture Francajse au debut du XVIII.
Siecle (1090-1721), 25fr.
Riat(li.), Gustave Courbet, Peintre. 22fr. 50.
Philosophy.
Jones (W. T.). Die Idee der Pers.inlichkeitbei den englischen
Denkern der Gegenw-art, 2/ net.
Olle-Livprune (L.), La Riison et le Rationalisuie, 3fr. 50.
History and Biography.
Bordeaux (II.), Pelerinages Litteraires, 3fr. 50.
Lasserre (B.), Les Cent-jours en Vendee : le General La-
inarque et l'lnsurrection Royaliste, 4fr.
Geography and Travel.
Demolder (E.), L'Edpagne en Auto, 3fr. 50.
Eudel (PA Lii Hollands et les HoJlandais, 4fr.
Ph ilology.
Paris (Gaston), Melanges Linguistiques : Part I. Latin
Vulgaire et Langues Romanes, (ifr.
Science.
Arnaud(D.) et Franche (G.), Manuel de Ceramiiiue Iiulus-
trielle, 12fr.
liuchner (L.), Force et Matiere, 2fr.
Grasset (J.), Le Psychisme Inferieur, Ofr.
Turin (A.), L'Amenageinent des Klablissements Publics :
Application au> Sanatoriums et Hopitauz, 7fr. 50.
General Literature.
B.'ric (R), La Roumia, 3fr. 50.
Bi.try (P.), Le Socialisme et les Jaunes, 3fr. 50.
(iodard(A.), I>e Tocsin National, 3fr. 50.
Hire(M. de la), l.i Ni.ee de l'Abbe Boz.111, 8fr. ;.0.
Jauiati (V.), Pour deveuir Journaliste, 8fr. 60.
Margueritte (P.), Les Pas but le sable, 8fr. 50.
Merelli(V.), Merelia, :ifr. 50.
Meunier (Madame S.), I,i Chatelaine d'Eca, 3fr. 50.
Tinayre (M.), l-i Bebelle, 3fr. 40.
%* All Books received at the Office vp to Wednesday
Morning trill he included in this List unless prestottfly
noted. Publishers are requested Co stall pnesi when
sending Books.
" ELSTO^
The name Ektbom inf> ;.-t in
oonnexion with (he Camoui John Banyan.
1 )m\<- for ^'.IIH• moiitli- i.ti-t ix-«-n BDOV
roaring todiaoover ite origin, uml liavt at
la«t obtained it.
The (oiiiinon guess is that ac-
tion oi 1 1. -). n-t<iv, , a fabrication which any
one who has ha<l any experience in tra<:in^
place-names would instinctively know to lie
; for the model n name do<
with il. and the old forms all begin with
A or E. Tin- nsual Middle English forms
are Aim-tow. . m in the Hundred Rolla, or
Elneetowe, as in the ' Testa de N« \ ill.'
The pretence on which the false nam-
" Helen's stx>w " is based Ls that the old
nunnery founded by Judith, Countess of
Huntingdon, and niece of William the Con-
queror, was dedicated to " the Holy Trinity,
St. Mary, and St. Hehn." But the Domes-
day Book explicitly says, twice over (und- r
Elstow and Wilshamstead), that the church
was called " the church of St. Mary," which
makes short work of this false insinuation.
And it is obvious that Alne- (or its variant
Aune-) cannot possibly represent Helen.
Any expert would readily conclude that
Alne- or Elne- stands for Alnes- or Elnes-,
the final « being dropped before the succeed-
ing " stow " ; and further, that those forms
are genitival, from a nominative represented
by Am- or Eln-. The use of A or E of course
points to the A.-S. M, so that both are
reducible to an A.-S. JEln-.
By way of illustration of the difficulty of
expanding a contracted form of this cha-
racter, I may quote a passage from p. 3 of
Duignan's ' Place-names of Staffordshire.'
He there states that Alston (Wore.) means
" ^Elfsige's town " ; that Alston (Staffs)
means " ^Elfweard's town " ; that Al^tone
(Glouc.) means "Alfred's town"; and
Alston (Somerset) means " ^Elinoth's town."
The n in ^Eln- gives a strong hint that the
last of these is the form we want. The
reduction of " /Elfnothes stow " to " Alne-
stow," and finally to " Elstow," is easy and
regular.
I had arrived at tliis probability when I
suddenly discovered that Elstow had a
duplicate ; for in the ' Rotulorum Origina-
lium Abbreviatio,' i. 241, we again find
Alnestowe as the name of a hundred in
Rutlandshire, obviously that which is now
spelt Alstoe.
On this hint I at once consulted the
Domesday Book for Rutlandshire, wherein
the very first name that meets the eye —
twice over and in large characters — is that
of " Alfnodestou wapentac." Here we have
absolute confirmation of what before was a
plausible probability ; and we may obviously
conclude that Elstow was simply " JStfndthfl
stow." It was not so named because the
church was dedicated, in the first place, to
St. Mary, but because it was once the abode
of an otherwise unknown .Elfnoth.
Walter W. Skeat.
HORSE-RACING AT CARTHAGE.
The Taris ' Inscriptiones Gra?cae ' (I. iv.)
for this year publish the most interesting
(/( -fixionum tdbeQa of Audollent. Those on
horse-racing are specially important, as they
at once illustrate Tlautus's ' Pcenulus ' and
give us the ancient equivalent of " drugging"
(rather than " pulling ") racers. This equi-
valent was sorcery and execration, or devot-
ing to the infernal gods. The words of the
formula of cursing are called technically
" Ephesian," and are largely made up of
N° 4089, March 10, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
299
Orientalisms and barbarisms, as Lucian's
' Menippus' (6, 9) tells us. In one cabbalistic
passage magna occurs twice (in Greek cha-
racters), possibly to save the text of Hor.
' Epoch' v. 87, against Haupt. Tablet 234
of Audollent calls on an unknown god of
the dead, " whoever he is," under any out-
landish name he wishes, to paralyze certain
(named) horses of the factiones veneta et
prasina. "Victor" and other racers are to
have their withers wrung in such sort that
next day they cannot win in the hippodrome,
but may fall, jockeys (or rather chariot-
eers) and all [drivers carrying the colours of
the leek and of Venice (blue)]. Another
tablet, No. 235, is a consecration to destruc-
tion of the factiones russata et alba. " Ery-
thrseus, Arbustus," &c. (horses), Dionysius,
of the "whites," and Superstianus (chariot-
eers) are to fail utterly. On one sucli tablet
Jah or Jehovah (Yahwe) seems graecized
into Iwva (unaccented). "Baal" enters into
the compounds ; also " Shams," the sun ;
" Sabaoth," and " Solomon's God " ; "Jesus,
that has the power of this hour," as one of
the ^Eons of the Gnostics; with Egyptian
and Greek deities. In another, one Vincen-
tius is to be unable to tie bears !
H. H. J.
CHAUCER : " PRESTES THRE " OR
" PREST ESTRE " ?
Mr. A. L. Mayhew, who sees in the word
" estre " nothing but a grammatical mon-
strosity, because he does not believe in the
possibility of deriving adjectives in e from
substantives, has probably never noticed
such ordinary phrases as these : " un abbe
mitre," " un paysan madre," " un garcon
bien membre," " du satin tigre," " des
cheveux d'un blond cendre," &c, every one
of which contains an adjective ending in e
clearlj- derived from a noun.
I may add that most of the adjectives
mentioned above were already in use in
Chaucer's time. V. Kastner.
THE COMING PUBLISHING SEASON.
MR. T. FISHER UNWIN
announces in History : A Literary History of the
English People, Vol. II. (from the Renaissance to
the Civil War, I.), by J. J. Jusserand, — A Literary
History of Persia, from Firdawsi until Sa'di, by
Prof. E. <!. Browne, — The First Annexation of
the Transvaal, by Dr. W. J. Leyds, — Society in
the Country House : Anecdotal Records of Six
Centuries, by T. H. S. Escott, — A Short History
of Wales, by Prof. Owen Edwards, — and a cheap
edition of The Welsh People, by D. Brynmor
Jones and Principal Rhys.
In Biography: Haeckel, his Life and Work, by
Prof. Wilhelm Bolsche, translated by Joseph
M< < Iftbe, illustrated, — Cobden as a Citizen, edited
by W. E. A. Axon,— The "Pope" of Holland
House (John Whishaw), by Lady Seymour, with
an Introduction and supplementary chapter by
W. P. Courtney, illustrated, — Court Beauties
of Old Whitehall, by W. R. H. Trowbridge,
illustrated, — Sir Henry Irving, by Percy Fitz-
gerald, illustrated, — cheap editions of Sixty Years
of an Agitator's Life, by G. J. HolyoaUe, and
of Sir Walter Ralegh, by Major Martin A. S.
Hume, and an edition in sixpenny parts of
Morley'i Life of Cobden.
In Travel : Rambles on the Riviera, by Prof.
Edward Strasburger, translated by 0. and B.
Oomerford-Casey, with coloured illustrations by
Louise Reusch, — Sport and Travel ! Abyssinia and
British East Africa, by Lord Hindlip, illustrated,
— Spanish Cities and Sights, by Major (Jeneral
Seymour, illustrated, — From Pump Court to
Delhi, by S. P. Kerr, illustrated, — and With
Fire ana Sword in the Caucasus, by L. Villari,
illust rated.
In Fiction : The Dream and the Business, by
John Oliver Hobbes,— A Millionaire's Courtship,
by Mrs. Archibald Little,— The Queen of a Day,
by J. S. Fletcher,— Mister Bill : a Man, by Albert
E. Lyons, — Cecilia's Lovers, by Amelia E. Barr, —
Adventures of a Supercargo, by Louis Becke, —
Counsels of the Night and The Double Marriage,
both by Lucas Cleeve, — The New Chronicles of
Don Q., by K. and Hesketh Pritchard, illustrated,
— new and cheaper editions of The Lost Heir, by
G. A. Henty ; Love Triumphant, by L. T. Meade ;
Under the Grand Old Hills and The Mistress of
Langdale Hall, both by R. M. Kettle ; Prisoners
of Conscience, by Amelia E. Barr ; and Kitty
Costello, by Mrs. Alexander, — and sixpenny
editions of The House by the River, by Florence
Warden ; The Filigree Ball, by A. K. Green ; The
Cardinal's Pawn, by K. L. Montgomery ; and
other popular novels.
Politics and Sociology and General : The Con-
tinental Outcast : Land Colonies and Poor-Law
Relief, by Prebendary Carlile and V. W. Carlile,
with an Introduction by the Bishop of Southwark,
illustrated, — The Labour Party: What It Is and
What It Wants, by the Rev. Conrad Noel, — The
Birds of Middlesex, by J. E. Harting, illustrated,
— Aristotle's Theory of Conduct, by Thomas
Marshall, — Old German Love Songs, translated
from the Minnesanger, by F. C. Nicholson, —
Schiller's Dramas and Poems in England, by
Thomas Rea, — The Religious Songs of Connacht,
by Dr. Douglas Hyde, 2 vols., — On Art and Artists,
by Dr. Max Nordau, — The Anglo-Saxon : a Study
in Evolution, by G. E. Boxall, — The Motorist's
ABC, by L. Elliott Brookes, — Disestablishment
in France, by Paul Sabatier, translated by Robert
Dell, — Courage, by Charles Wagner, — The Best
Plays of Farquhar, edited by William Archer
(Mermaid Series) ; Economic and Statistical
Studies, 1840-96, by the late John Toune Danson,
with a Memoir by his daughter, Mary Norman
Hill, and an Introduction by Prof. E. C. K.
Conner,— and a cheap edition, with new preface,
of Inspiration and the Bible, by Dr. R. F. Horton.
THE CLARENDON PRESS
have in hand in Theology : An Italian Version of
the lost Apocryphal Gospel of Barnabas, with
Arabic Glosses, edited by Canon Ragg, — Con-
cordance of Proper Names in the Septuagint,
Part II., by H. A. Redpatli, — An Ethiopic Text
of the Book of Enoch, edited by R. H. Charles, —
and the last two parts of A Hebrew and English
Lexicon of the Old Testament, based on the
Lexicon of Gesenius as translated by E. Robinson,
edited by Francis Brown, S. R. Driver, and C. A.
Briggs.
In Education, Philology, &c. : Le Feuilletoniste,
edited by C. Brereton, — Stael's De l'Allemagne,
edited by H. W. Eve,- — Trois Grotesques, edited
by H. J. Chaytor, — Hugo's Notrc-Dame, edited by
L. Delbos,— Lamartine's Jocelyn, edited by E.
Legouis, — Flaubert's Salammbo, edited by E.
Lauvriere, —Madame de Campari's Memoirs, edited
by H. C. Brad by, — Greek Theories of Elementary
Cognition, from Alcnueon to Aristotle, edited by
J. I. Bearo, — Plautus Mostellaria, edited by E. A.
Sonnenschein, — Selections from Plutarch's Caesar,
edited by R. L. A. Du Pontet, — Greek Reader,
Vol. II., adapted with English Notes from
Wilamowitz - MoellendorfFs ' Griechisches Lese-
buoh,' by E. C. Marchant, — Caesar's Civil War,
translated by F. P. Long, — Longinus, translated
by A. 0. Prickard, — Propertius, translated by
J. S. Phillimore, — in the Oxford Classical Texts,
Statins, Thebaid, ed. 11. W. Qarrod ; Tacitus,
Annals, ed. C. D. Fisher ; and Longinus, ed.
A. 0. Prickard, — English-Tamil Dictionary, by
(J. U. Pope.
In English Law and General Literature : Pierce
the Ploughman's Crede, edited by W. W. Skeat,
— Critical Essays of the Seventeenth Century, b\-
J. E. Bpingarn, 3 vols., — The Minor Caroline
Poets, edited by G. Saintsbury, Vol. II., — A New
English Dictionary, further portions of Vol. VI.
(M), by Dr. Bradley ; Vol. VII. (P), by Dr.
Murray; and Vol. VIII. (R), by Mr. Craigie, —
additions to the World's Classics, including The
Tenant of Wildfell Hall; Thoreau's Walden ;
Burke's Works, Vol. I. ; Twenty-Three Tales by
Tolstoy, translated by L. and A. Maude; Borrows
Romany Rye; Gibbon's Roman Empire, Vols. VI.
and VII., with index, completing the work;
Chaucer's Works, Vol. III. The Canterbury Tales,
completing the work, — Corps de Droit Ottoman,,
by Sir George Young, 7 vols., — and Hindu and!
Mohammedan Law, by Sir William Markby.
In History, Geography, and Archaeology: The-
Great Rebellion of 1381, by C. W. C. Oman, —
Memorials of a Warwickshire Family, by the Rev.
B. Boughton-Leigh,— Canadian War of 1812, by
C. P. Lucas,— The Face of the Earth, by Eduard
Suess, translated by H. B. C. Sollas, Vol. II-,.
with many illustrations,— The Oxford Geographies :
Vol. II., The Preliminary Geography, by A. J.
Herbertson, with many maps and diagrams, — The
Dawn of Modern Geography, by C. R. Beazley,
Vol. III., — Selected Drawings from the University
Galleries and Christ Church, Oxford, Part V.,.
chosen and described by Sidney Colvin, — and
Catalogue of the Sparta Museum, by M.N. Tod,
and A. J. B. Wace, with many illustrations.
In Philosophy, Logic, and Science : The Theory
of Morality, by H. Rashdall, 2 vols., —An Intro-
duction to Logic, by H. W. B. Joseph, — Essay on
the Nature of Truth, by H. H. Joachim, — Elemen-
tary Chemistry, by F. R. L. Wilson and G. W.
Hedley, Part II.,— Knuth's Flower Pollination,
translated by J. R. Ainsworth Davis, V 1. I., — ■
Solereder's Anatomical Characters of the Dicotyle-
donous Orders, translated by L. A. Boodle and'
F. E. Fritsch, and revised by H. D. Scott,— A
Catalogue of the Herbarium of Dillenius, by G. C.
Druce and S. H. Vines, — Human Anatomy for Art
Students, by A. Thomson, a third edition, revised,
with new illustrations, — and Lectures on the
Method of Science, edited by T. B. Strong.
MR. ELKIN MATHEWS
includes in Belles - Lettres and Miscellaneous:
Reason as a Basis of Art, by C. F. A. Voysey,—
Summer in San Sebastian, by A. F. Calvert, with
200 illustrations, — and DeFlagello Myrteo, revised1
and enlarged.
In Poetry and the Drama : The Maid of Artemis,.
a Comedy, by Arthur Dillon, — Songs from tire
Classics, by Charles F. Grindrod, — Dramatic
Lyrics, by John Gurdon, — and in the Vigo Cabinet
series, Poems by Aurelian ; a selection from the
poetry of Lionel Johnson ; and Whisper ! by-
Frances Wynne.
The Syndics of the Cambridge Uni-
versity Press have arranged to publish a
comprehensive ' History of English Lite-
rature,' on a scale and plan more or less-
resembling that of ' The Cambridge
Modern History.' The work will be
published in about twelve royal octavo
volumes of some 400 pages each, and
will cover the whole course of English
literature from ' Beowulf ' to the end of
the Victorian age. The action of foreign
influences, and the part taken by secondary-
writers in successive literary movements,
will receive a larger share of attention,
than is possible in shorter histories, in
which lesser writers are apt to be over-
shadowed. Each volume will contain a»
sufficient bibliography, and the whole will
be edited by Dr. A. W. Ward, Master of.
Peterhouse, and Mr. A. R. Waller.
' The Genealogy and History of
the Matthew Family ' is announced for
publication by subscription through Mr.
Elliot Stock. The Glamorganshire family
of Matthew is one of the most ancient in
Britain, and traces its descent, through
Sir David Matthew of Llandaff, standard-
bearer to Edward IV. in 1461, to Gwaet-
voed Vawr, Prince of Cardigan in the
tenth century. The family is largely
represented in the work, as are also the
English and Irish branches. The volumes
300
THE A Til i:\7HUM
X 1089, Ifin b 10, 1906
will contain poitnite, drawings, and fac-
Mllliles.
i>\nti: scholar- will be interested to
hear of a small volume by Dr. Jamet
Williams. Bubreetor of Lincoln College
and IIil'Ii Sheriff of Flintshire 'Dante
as a . I mist ' which Mr. BlaokweU, of
Oxford, lias in the press. The author
shows the extent of Dante's knowledge
of the civil and canon law as indicated In-
itially passages in the l Divina Comniedia '
and the minor works, and finds analogies
in English statutes and decisions.
The Rev. K. B. Gardiner, editor of the
' Registers of Wadham College ' and ' The
Letters of Dorothy Wadham,' has in pre-
paration a continuation of his previous
volume of the Registers of St. Paul's
School. The first issue covered the
period from the foundation of the school
in 1509 to 1876, when the new scheme of
management came into force. The new
volume brings the registers up to July,
1905 ; but such has been the increase
of the school under the modern governing
body that the entries for the last twenty-
nine years will occupy as much space as all
those preceding. The volume is nearly
ready for publication, and will be issued
by Messrs. Bell & Sons.
Mr. Francis Thompson will contribute
to the April number of The Dublin Review
a poem on ' The English Martyrs,' with
special allusion by name to Fisher and
More.
Messrs. Macmillan & Co. have in the
press ' The Life and Experiences of Sir
Harry Enfield Roscoe,' written by himself.
The volume will contain photogravure
portraits and other illustrations.
At Trinity College, Cambridge, the
Birkbeck Lectureship on Ecclesiastical
History will be vacant shortly. The
Council of the College propose to elect a
lecturer on May 18th, and invite applica-
tions from graduates of Cambridge or
Oxford. Applicants should send their
names to the Master of Trinity on or
before May 1st, and should at the same
time state on what particular portion of
ecclesiastical history they would (if elected)
propose to lecture.
We are glad to notice that Mr. Israel
Gollancz, who has done a good deal of
work in English literature, both as teacher
and writer, is to receive the degree of
Doctor of Letters at Cambridge.
Sir George Darwin is to represent the
same University at the celebration of the
two-hundredth anniversary of the birth
of j Benjamin Franklin at Philadelphia in
April.
The Shakspeare First Folio has turned
up again in Scotland, making the second
copy extant there which has escaped Mr.
Sidney Lee's census. The book, it appears,
has been for at least twenty-eight years
in Glasgow, in the library of the late Mr.
A. B. Stewart. It has the verses, the
letterpress portion of the title, and the
last two leaves in facsimile ; but it is
said to have satisfied a previous owner,
Mr. Crawfurd (he had bought it from
Pickering), who was fastidious. This
bringi the number of in | Fotios in
Soouand up to four, t woof them in 4 Hasgow.
Tin. (hath of Signora Ji i< White
Mario took place on Monday at Flop:
She was well known in earlier day- as a
correspondenl of Thi l><iiii/ News, and w.i-
a keen supporter of the Italian revolu-
tionary movement. She was author of a
life of Garibaldi published at Milan in
1884, and edited the letters of Mazzini.
We are glad to hear that the story of her
life and work, which was arranged for
some years ago, is sufficiently advanced to
allow of its publication. It will be issued
by Mr. Fisher Unwin, and should be of
abundant interest for its memories of
Mazzini and other notable men.
Mr. Wilfrid Blunt's article ' Randolph
Churchill,' in The Nineteenth Century for
March, contains much new interesting
matter, and should be put with Mr.
Winston Churchill's life of his father for
preservation and reference.
A memorial of Mrs. Carey Brock is
proposed in the form of a pulpit, and
clergy and choir stalls, in the church of
St. Pierre du Bois, Guernsey, of which
Mrs. Brock's father-in-law, husband, and
son have been successively rectors for
over a hundred years. Subscriptions
towards the " Mrs. Carey Brock Memorial
Fund " will be received by Messrs. Seeley
& Co., 38, Great Russell Street ; or the
Rev. H. W. Brock, St. Pierre du Bois
Rectory, Guernsey.
A correspondent writes : —
" May I say that the translation of Carmen
Sylva's ' Leiden's Untergang,' noticed by
you last week, is not the first, and that the
book is, in fact, by no means new in its
original form ? Over twenty years ago
Mr. Fisher Unwin published a rendering
from the accomplished pen of Miss Helen
Zimmern, entitled ' Pilgrim's Sorrow.' "
At the Readers' Dinner last Saturday
Lord Montagu read a letter from Mr.
A. J. Balfour expressing regret that his
illness prevented him from being present,
and speaking in very appreciative terms
of the services rendered by the correctors
of the press. The toast of Literature was
proposed by Mr. Warwick Bond, and
responded to by Mr. Owen Seaman and
Mr. G. K. Chesterton. The donations
amounted to 200?., and will go towards a
third pension for members of the London
Association of Correctors of the Press,
the present pensions being held by readers
who have belonged to the Association for
fifty years and forty-three years respect-
ively.
A Dickensian writes : —
"Mr. Cuming Walters lectured ably on
his theory of ' Edwin Drood ' last Wednesday
at the Farringdon Memorial Hall, and Mr.
Chesterton supplied ingenious criticism, with
a plea for consideration of Dickens as artist
which was very pertinent. I hear that
Messrs. Chapman & Hall are thinking of a
new edition of Dickens. Why do not they
at any rate givo us his Letters (which seem
to bo out of print) at a reasonable price ?"
We have pleasure in again reminding
the friends of the Booksellers' Provident
Institution of the soiree to be held at Sta-
tioners' Hall next Tuesday evening. The
ion promisee to be unusually intec*
Mi of Parliament who are curious
■i to the ■• i-it now being paid to South
Africa by Sil William Butlei may find in
Fleet Street a reply more informal'
than that given by Mi. ffaldane.
William us to form impression- "f
the country under its new condition-, and
he will make a record of them in some
dozen letters to The Tribune.
Tin: Bevut <l< Parti ii »o< wef ully edit*
by three considerable men, that a slip in
modern history is worth noting. A foot-
note to the letters of Berlioz reveals a
wondrous blunder. It La thought worthy
of remark that attention should have been
called in 1837 to the ravages at Rome of
the " influenza," " maladie reputee plus
moderne." At St. Petersburg a similar
sickness of the most deadly description
has always existed, known till recent
times as " Petersburg typhus." In the
twenties it became well known in Italy as
" influenza," and spread to Pari-, where
it frequently assumed, in the period 1824-
1838, an epidemic form, being the subject
of many literary allusions, and the cause
of the death of many well-known people.
The review of M. Abel Hermant's ' Les
Grands Bourgeois ' in the Temps appeared
at the same moment as our own, each
being dated Saturday, March 3rd. The
likeness of the criticism is startlingly
apparent. M. Abel Hermant's talent has
never previously been put so high in his
own city ; but while his powers are given
a first place, it is noted that *' la fiction
tient dans son oeuvre une place de plus
en plus petite." In other words, it is
admitted that in M. Hermant's ' La Belle
Madame Heber ' and ' Les Grands Bour-
geois ' we have not so much a clever play
and a bright novel as two extraordinarily
accurate photographs of the rich " upper-
middle" class of the Paris of to-day. "'Cette
diffamation nous charme ; mais est-elle
tolerable?" For his brilliant dialogue, "il
lui suffit de se souvenir des mots que nous
avons tous entendus." The only possible
answer to M. Hermant is ** les grands
bourgeois qu'il nous montre ne consti-
tuent pas toute la grande bourgeoisie : il
le salt aussi bien que nous."
M. Armand Dayot has successfully
launched L 'Art ct les Artistes, and now
another distinguished art critic. M. Arsene
Alexandre, has started Le Plaisir, which
is to appear every fortnight. It is to
cover a very wide range, for it claims to be
" Parisien, litteraire, artistique. theatral,
mondaine, satirique."
After a career of eighteen years, the
]'ir<> JSouho, the organ "du Felibrige de
Paris," has ceased to exist, and its place
will be taken by a bulletin of a more
modest character, in which the Felibrige
of Paris will record the transactions of
their evenings at the Cafe Voltaire. The
Yiro Souho — which derived its title from
" la belle et rayonnante fleur jeune du
midi " — was founded by Paul Arene,
Alphonse Daudet, and others to assist
Parisians in understanding the language
of Mistral, and, thanks to the taste
N°4089, March 10, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
301
of M. Lucien Due, it was always a fine
specimen of typography.
The death, in his seventy-third year,
is announced from Stuttgart of Prof.
Wilhelm Heyd, the distinguished historian.
He/was originally a clergyman, but in 1857
was appointed sub-hbrarian of the Stutt-
gart Royal Public Library, and eventually
succeeded Pfeiffer as head librarian, a
post that he filled with great assiduity and
success for nearly a quarter of a century.
Of his valuable contributions to the history
of commerce the most important are
' Geschichte des Levantehandels im Mittel-
alter,' ' Beitrage zur Geschichte des
deutschen Handels,' and ' Die grosse
Ravensburger Gesellschaft.'
An eminent German philologist has
passed away in Prof. Moritz Heyne, whose
death in his sixty-ninth year is announced
from Gottingen. His ' Deutsches Worter-
buch,' and his valuable editions of ' Beo-
wulf,' ' Heliand,' ' Ulfilas,' &c, are well
known to scholars.
The Deutsche Literaturzeitung announces
that the International Historical Congress,
which was to have been held this year, has
been postponed till the summer of 1908,
when it will assemble in Berlin.
We have to announce the death of the
late chief librarian of the Royal Library,
Copenhagen, Dr. Chr. Bruun, on the
28th ult., aged seventy-five.
The Parliamentary Papers of the week
include the Annual Report of the Chief
Inspector of Factories for 1904 : Part 2,
Statistics (Id.) ; and Board of Education,
Draft Order in Council continuing certain
Provisions contained in the Order in
Council of March 6th, 1902 (\d.).
SCIENCE
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
In Counsels and Ideals from the Writings
of William Osier (Frowde) Dr. C. N. B.
Camac has compiled a book which may be
read with pleasure and lasting profit, not only
by every member of the medical profession,
but also by the general public, to whom the
ways and methods of thought of medical
men are a constant source of wonder. The
' Counsels and Ideals ' are extracts from the
lectures and addresses of Dr. Osier, who
has gained a world-wide reputation, first
at Montreal, and afterwards at Baltimore.
Steeped in knowledge of the classics of
medicine, Prof. Osier has also an intimate
acquaintance with the work which is being
carried on in the laboratories of Europe.
He has, too, a rare facility of expression,
which causes his thoughts to sink like
aphorisms into the minds of his pupils.
The extracts indicate the advance made
by the medical profession during recent years
in truth, in dignity, and in repute. Fifty
years ago the humanities, or those points
which go to the making of a gentleman, were
confined amongst doctors to physicians and
to a few general practitioners of medicine.
The surgeon was conspicuous by his brusque-
ncss and want of culture, for the sights and
sounds of the operating theatre needed mon
of coarse fibre. Surgery has now been
reduced to a fine art. A better education
and more exact knowledge are required.
whilst many of the horrors have been dissi-
pated by the use of anaesthetics and the
modern treatment of wounds. The work
of a surgeon, therefore, is now little, if at all,
more shocking than was that of the physician
in former times, and it claims a more
refined class of men than it used to do.
Surgeons are rapidly becoming as highly
educated, and are held in as great esteem,
as physicians. What applies to surgeons
applies in a less degree to general practi-
tioners, upon whom the stress of competition
and unremitting toil presses most hardly of
all. Such men were paid formerly by the
amount of medicine they could induce their
patients to swallow : now they are paid for
the advice which they give, and they are
as often concerned with the prevention as
with the cure of disease. Prof. Osier points
out that it took the profession many gene-
rations to learn that fevers ran their course,
influenced very little, if at all, by drugs ; and
the sixty pounds which old Dover com-
plained was spent in drugs, in a case of
ordinary fever about the middle of the
eighteenth century, is now better expended
on a trained nurse, with infinitely less risk
and infinitely greater comfort to the patient.
Better education means increased knowledge,
and
' ' the higher the standard of education in a pro-
fession, the less marked will be the charlatanism ;
whereas no greater incentive to its development
can be found than in sending out from our colleges
men who have not had mental training sufficient to
enable them to judge between the excellent and
the inferior, the sound and the unsound, the true
and the half true."
In this way Prof. Osier praises and blames,
teaching the value of honesty, of truth, of
accuracy, and of thoroughness.
Dr. Camac has made his selection with
judgment. Here and there he should have
added short explanatory notes for the
general reader and those who are not
skilled in the history of medicine. Very
few words, the mere mention of the wounded
French-Canadian's name — Alexis St. Martin
— would have been enough to recall to many
medical readers what William Beaumont did
with his opportunity, making it the founda-
tion of our modern knowledge of the physio-
logy of digestion. The extract is featureless
without such knowledge. In like manner we
would gladly know something of the lives
of those whom Oliver Wendell Holmes
called the Brahmins of medicine — " men
who raised our profession above the dead
level of business " — Bo veil and Hodder,
Campbell, Howard, and many others.
We notice with pleasure a good index ;
and as a frontispiece there is a facsimile
letter from Prof. Osier to Dr. Camac. The
form of the book is exceptionally good, and
the cloth binding is tastefully tooled.
New Methods of testing Explosives, by
C. E. Bichel, translated and edited by Axel
Larsen (Griffin & Co.), is the result of
investigation into the suitability of ex-
plosives for use in mines where dangerous
gas or dust is apt to accumulate. The
author is the inventor of the Carbonite
explosives, and a director of the company
manufacturing them at Schlebusch, near
Hamburg. Instead of using the Trauzl
method of measuring the work done by an
explosive by firing a stemmed cartridge into
a cylindrical lead block, Herr Bichel has a
pressure gauge of special construction, and
the result is recorded on a diagram, as in
the case of a steam-engine indicator. The
explosive is fired or detonated in a steel
cylinder, and the products of combustion
can be observed after the explosion. By an
apparatus designed by Dr. Mettegang, one
of the Carbonite Company's superintendent I
chemists, and with the aid of Berthelot's
calorimeter, the heat of decomposition
emitted on detonation is measured. The
rate of detonation is recorded by the aid
of electricity, and comparative photographs
show the length and duration of the flame
and the afterflame.
The use of a high explosive in considerable
quantity would in general give greater
efficiency in result, and, at the same time,
set up greater heat of decomposition, pro-
longation of detonation, and larger and
more lasting flame, than a low explosive in
small quantity. But while efficiency is
required, the heat, prolonged detonation,
and excessive flame would be sources of
danger in a fiery or dusty mine. In order
to obviate these dangers a charge-limite (the
term was applied by Watteyne in 1903) has
to be fixed, giving the maximum quantity
of any particular explosive that can safely
be used in such a mine. Herr Bichel's
apparatus and experiments enable this
limit to be fixed more accurately than with
the older tests, and at the same time give
more trustworthy results as to the actual
effect of explosion. For example, it is not
always found that the highest explosive
produces the greatest result, as the pressure
developed is by no means proportionate
to the percussive force, and miners speak
of a shot of high percussive force, but little
resultant pressure, as having " killed itself."
In a series of tables at the end of the book
the results of experiments on a number of
explosives (including gunpowder, guncotton,
blasting gelatine, dynamite, and " safety "
explosives) are given partly in figures and
partly by diagrams. From these it appears
that while the pressure developed by some
of the higher explosives is more than twice
as much as that developed by the same
quantity of Carbonite — composed of nitro-
glycerine, potassium, and barium nitrates,
and a carrying medium — the charge-limite
for the safety explosive may be as much as
two hundred and twenty times as great as
that for the explosive of higher efficiency.
Consequently the use, within safe limits, of
a larger quantity of comparatively less
efficient explosive will yield much greater
results.
It has to be remembered that means of
testing, designed with the definite intention
of proving that of which the investigator
is instinctively certain, may not be entirely
successful in general application, but, with
this reservation, the book will be interesting,
and, properly read, instructive, to those
who desire to investigate the powers of
explosives.
We have received from Messrs. Bailliere,
Tindall & Cox Maladies caused by the Air
we breathe inside and outside tlte Home, by
Dr. Oliver, Professor of Physiology in the
University of Durham. The volume con-
sists of a collection of tho Harben Lectures
for 1905, and contains illustrations and much
matter of interest.
HELIUM AND THE TRANSMUTATION
OF ELEMENTS.
The story of helium is perhaps one of the
most romantic in the history of science ;
and it is a story of whioh the last chapters
are still unwritten. Originally Been as a
spectrum line in the chromosphere of the
sun, it was discovered on the earth twenty-
eight years later; and it has provided the
first authentic case of transmutation — a pro-
Mi m which occupied tho alohemistS from
the sixtli century.
On August 18th, 1868. an eclipse of the
302
Til K ATI! KWKl'M
N°4O80, Mabcb 10, 1906
Mm WSS visi))lr in India. Ainniij; 1 1 1< ■-< who
olbifMil it win the celebrated French
astronomer Jaiis.scn ; and lor the lirst tunc
ii peotrosoope was employed to analyse
and trace to fee eouroee the 1 i »_; l » t evolved by
the edge or "limb" of the sun. it ap-
peared thai enormous prominence*, moving
»it mi almost incredible rate, wen- doe to
hurricanes of hydrogen. Tliat the gSS
blown out beyond the shadow of the moon
was really hydrogen was revealed by tin-
rod, brae-green, and violet linos which
characterize its spectrum. Among these
linos was one occupying nearly the position
of the two lims oharacterisl to of 1 be spectrum
of glowing sodium, namod 1), and D. by
Fraunhofer ; and this third lino was cha-
racterised as 1) by Janssen. On October 20,
186S. Sir Norman Lockyer, in B note pre-
sent od to the Royal Society by Dr. Sharper,
mentioned that he had " established the
existence of three bright lines " in the
" chromosphere," a word suggested by
Sharpey to denote the coloured atmosphere
surrounding the sun ; one of these was
" near D." It was known that an increase
of pressure had the effect of broadening
spectrum lines ; and Frankland and Sir
Norman Lockyer were at first inclined to
attribute this new line to a broadening of
the sodium lines, owing to the pressure of
the uprush of gas, causing the hurricane.
However, neither this hypothesis nor a sub-
sequent one, that the new yellow line might
possibly be ascribed to hydrogen, could be
maintained ; and hence the line was attri-
buted to the existence of an element in the
sun unknown on the earth, and the name
" helium " was chosen as an appropriate
reminder of the habitat of the element.
Among the lines visible in the chromo-
sphere, ten are always observed. Of these,
four may be seen in the hydrogen spectrum,
one is due to calcium, and four to helium ;
there is still one unidentified with the
spectrum of any known element ; it has
the wave-length 5316-87, and the source
has been named " coronium." It appears
at a great height in the solar atmosphere,
and it is conjectured that it must be lighter
than any known gas.
Shortly after the discovery of argon in
1884, the notice of one of the discoverers
was drawn to an account by Dr. Hille-
brand, of the United States Geological
Survey, of the presence in certain ores
containing uranium of a gas which could
be extracted by an air-pump. Hillebrand
examined the spectrum of the gas, and
supposed it to be nitrogen. It is true
that he saw in it spectrum lines which could
hardly be ascribed to nitrogen ; but on
mentioning the fact to his colleagues, he
was bantered out of his quest, and did not
follow up the clue. Now in the spring of
1895 attempts were being made to cause
argon to combine ; and it was argued that
conceivably Hillebrand's gas might turn out
to be argon, and might give an indication
to a possible compound. Consequently, a
specimen of clevite — one of the minerals
which Hillebrand had found to give off the
supposed nitrogen in largest quantity — was
purchased, and the gas was collected from
it. On purification, its spectrum showed
the presence of a brilliant yellow line,
almost identical in position with the yellow
lines of sodium. It was soon evident that
the solar gas, helium, had been discovered
on the earth. •
The visible spectrum of helium is com-
paratively simple, and many of its lines
have boon identified among' those of the
solar chromosphere. It is also to be detected
in many of the fixed stars, notably Capella,
Arcturus, Pollux, Sirius, and Vega. It is
MM Of the lightest of eases, boing only twi 6
m heavy as hydrogen, but unliko hydrogen,
however, its molecules consist of single
litems, trhereai those of hydrogen mrnakrl of
paired atoms, which separate Only when
bydrogen enters into combination with
oxygen or other elements. This peculiarity
appears to render liquefaction of helium
almost impossible; for while hydrogen bai
been liquefied, and boils at 422° Pahr. below
sen \ helium has been cooled to — 438° Pahr.,
and has been compressed to one -sixtieth of
its ordinary bulk, and yet has shown no
sign of liquefaction. Indeed, it is now the
only " permanent " gas, for it has never
been condensed into liquid form.
The minerals which contain helium have
one thing in common : they all contain
uranium or thorium, or lead, or a mixture
of these. Minerals of lead alone do not
show the presence of helium ; but it may be
stated that helium is an invariable con-
stituent of ores of uranium and thorium.
It was at first supposed that such minerals
contain helium in a state of combination ;
but this view could not be substantiated,
for the constituents of these ores do not
show any tendency towards combination
with helium. The connexion of this with
what follows is very remarkable.
The explanation of the fact that com-
pounds of radium discovered by Madame
Curie in 1901 are permanently at a tem-
perature considerably above that of the
atmosphere and that they are continually
emitting corpuscules of high velocity wras
given by Prof. Rutherford and Mr. Frederick
Soddy in a series of papers communicated to
The Philosophical Magazine. It is that
radium and allied bodies are " disintegrat-
ing " — that their atoms are spontaneously
flying to bits. Now this view, although
new in its application to elements, has long
been known to hold for certain compounds.
There is a fearfully explosive compound of
nitrogen with chlorine which on the least
touch resolves itself suddenly into its con-
stituent elements. It is true that here we
have a molecule composed of atoms " dis-
integrating " into atoms which subsequent ly
combine to form new molecules of nitrogen
and of chlorine ; but in principle an analogy
may be drawn between the disruption of
the molecules of an explosive compound
and the disintegration of an atom into
corpuscules. Prof. Rutherford and Mr.
Soddy showed, however, that corpuscles
which have been proved by Prof. J. J.
Thomson of Cambridge to be exceedingly
minute are not the only products of dis-
integration of the radium atom ; the proof
was adduced that among these products
were atoms of a density comparable with
that of hydrogen and helium. This hypothesis
evidently admitted of experimental proof,
and in conjunction with Mr. Soddy I col-
lected the " emanation " or gas evolved
from salts of radium. We showed that this
gas, presumably of high density, disinte-
grates in its turn, and that perhaps 7 per
cent, of it changes into helium. What
becomes of the remaining 93 per cent, is
as yet undecided ; still some hint may be
gained from the fact that a constant ratio
exists between the amount of helium obtain-
able from a mineral and the weight of lead
which it contains. It may be that lead forms
the ultimate product, or, at least, one of the
ultimate products of the disintegration of
the atom of emanation. Another radio-
active element, actinium, has been show n
by its discoverer Debierno also to yield
helium by the disintegration of the emana-
tion, or gas, which it continuously evokes.
This disruptive change is attended by a
great evolution of heat ; for the radio-active
elements are in ■ sense explosive ; and
explosions an- alws mpaaisd by n
of ten, para! ore. But such atomic
explosions surpass in <l' an ah.
inconceivable extent, the molecular
-i"n-i with which we are familiar. Could
••■•' induce a fragment of radium to evolve
all it v at once, the result would \>>)
terrific, for in the energy with which i»,
parts during its fhangfi it surpasses in
explosive power our ii,o-t potent gunootton
by millions of times. It. has been su
that to this or similar changes are due the
continued high temperature of the sun and?
the presence of helium in its chromosphere.
Dp to the present no further cases of
transmutation have been observed than those
mentioned : radium and actinium into their
emanation, and these emanations into helium.
But proof is accumulating that many forms
of matter with which we are familiar are
also undergoing similar change, but at a
vastly slower rate. " The mills of Cod
grind slowly " — so slowly that many genera-
tions of men must come and go before ocular
proof is obtained of the products of such
possible transmutations.
William Ramsay.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL NOT1
The Corresponding Societies Committee
of the British Association at the meeting in
South Africa selected for special notice
twenty-two contributions to anthropology
made by thirteen local societies during the
year ended May 31st, 1905. Two societies,
the Essex Field Club and the Somersetshire
Archaeological and Natural History Society,
contribute five papers each to the list.
Those in The Essex Naturalist are by Mr.
Russell Larkby on the evidences of pre-
historic man in West Kent, by Mr. T. V.
Holmes on the origin of the term " sarsen
stones," one by the same author and one by-
Mr. F. W. Reader on wooden water-pipes,,
and by Mr. Miller Christy on the remains of-
a supposed pile dwelling at Woodham Walter.
Those in the Proceedings of the Somerset-
shire Society are one by Mr. Houghton
Spencer and one by Mr. H. St. George Gray
on the excavations at Castle Neroche,
another by Mr. Gray on excavations at
Small Down Camp, near Evercreech,
one by the same author and Mr. Bulleid
on the Glastonbury Lake village, and
one by the Rev. H. H. Winwood on
excavations at Lansdown. Those two
societies are certainly to be congratulated
on the amount of original exploration done
by their members. The Bath Natural
History and Antiquarian Field Club pub-
lished papers by Mr. J. P. E. Falconer on.
ancient interments at Newton St. Loe, and
other recent discoveries. The other papers,,
each contributed to a separate local society,,
are by Mr. Gower, to the Croydon Natural
History and Scientific Society, on flints-
found at Waddon Marsh : by Sir John Evans,,
to the Hertfordshire Natural History Society.
on a Neolithic colt found near Berkhamp-
stead Common : by Dr. Colley March, to the
Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian
Field Club, on two examples of symbolism p
the annual anthropological report of Mr.
E. Mevrick to the Marlborough College-
Natural History Society ; the presidential
address of the Rev. F. J. Wrottesley to the
North Staffordshire Field Club, on the origin
of the manor, and village and tribal com-
munities ; by Mr. Thomas Sheppard, to the
Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists' Clubv
on the Roman villa at Harpham ; by Mr.
George Benson, to the Yorkshire Philo-
sophical Society, on an intrenclunent on
N°4089, March 10, 1906
THE ATHEN^SUM
303
Holgate Hill ; by Sir J. D. Marwick, to the
Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow, on
primitive and early markets and fairs ; by
Mrs. B. Hobson, to the Belfast Naturalists'
Field Club, on some souterrains in Antrim
■and Down ; and by Mr. J. R. Collins, to the
Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, on
man's place in the universe. This evidence
•of interest in anthropological research dis-
played by societies in all parts of England,
as well as in Scotland, Ireland, and Canada,
is very satisfactory. It may be noted that
this is the twenty-first report of the Corre-
sponding Societies Committee, and that the
new departure of instituting a class of
" associated societies," as distinct from the
fully " affiliated societies," promises to add
to the usefulness of the Committee's labours.
Among important papers recently read
before the Society of Anthropology of Paris,
and just published in its Bulletins et Memoir es,
»is one by Dr. Roux entitled ' Contributions
to the Anthropological Study of the Annamite
of Tonkin,' founded on observations of the
native soldiers. Of these, the men in the
.artillery and sappers in the engineer corps
are more robust than the infantry. The
three bodies are therefore considered sepa-
rately. Full-length front and side views
-are supplied of ten individuals, and the
measurements of seventy. To these the
Author adds his physiological, psychological,
and pathological observations of the people.
In several respects he is disposed to give
them a better character than has usually
been attributed to them, and he thinks that
their defects are to some extent due to the
bad example given them by Europeans.
They are untruthful and addicted to gamb-
ling, but do not quarrel over their play. The
•use of opium is increasing among them. M.
Volkov has made a report to the same
Society on a visit to Eastern Galicia and to
Bukowina, in Austria, for the purpose of
anthropological study, in which he repre-
sented the Society. With the assistance of
«, local society at Lemberg, he was able to
obtain anthropometric observations of 238
individuals of different anthropological
groups, but in his opinion of the same origin,
differentiated by circumstances of residence
and of occupation. M. Marcel Baudouin
devotes much labour to the classification of
certain scratches on bone found in the Gallo-
Roman necropolis of Troussepoil, in the
"Vendee, in which it is difficult to find any
indications of definite purpose. M. Paul
ti'Enjoy has an interesting paper on
"Chinese penalties. These are adjusted to
the offence with a precision which is almost
mathematical. The consequence is that
equality before the law is a real element in
•Chinese jurisprudence. The instrument with
which whipping is inflicted must be of a
precise length, not less than 31 1 inches nor
more than 31g inches. The bastinado,
which is the next in degree of severity, must
"be inflicted with a bamboo 32 inches long,
and not less than 17V inch nor more than
1 ,-,7 inch in circumference. It is the penalty
for theft, where the property stolen is not
worth more than 40 ounces of silver. For
a theft of one ounce 60 strokes are to be
awarded ; for 10 ounces, 70 strokes ; for
20 ounces, 80 ; for 30 ounces, 90 ; and for
40 ounces, 100, which is the maximum
«umber of strokes. The next stage is im-
prisonment with hard labour, for one year
up to three years, the duration being
similarly graduated according to the amount
of the theft. The same scientific accuracy
of detail is applied to other offences and
punishments. Upon a sentence of death,
if the right of appeal bo reserved, the whole
case is thoroughly re-examined by a court
of three judges.
DR. LE BON'S THEORIES OF MATTER.
Royal Institution of Great Britain, March 3, 1906.
Mr. Norman Campbell is what John in
the Benbow would call " a most harbitrary
gent." Beginning with a magisterial warn-
ing to The Athenaeum not to speak favour-
ably of Dr. Le Bon, and distributing ex
cathedra sentences of ignorance and incom-
petence, he is no sooner confronted with
proof that all men of learning do not agree
with him than he flies into a passion, talks
about insults, libels, and anonymous insinua-
tions, and, in a style apparently borrowed
from Zola's " J'accuse," lets fly a cloud of
unfounded assumptions, from which I will
only quote those that I am likely to unsay
my words as to Mr. Whet ham's review, and
that I must preface this letter with a string
of apologies.
Under cover of all this epanaphoral fury,
however, Mr. Campbell has in more than
one instance shifted his ground. At first
he stated that the opinion of the majority
of those qualified to judge was against Dr.
Le Bon ; but now that the evidence of M.
Dastre, M. Lucien Poincare, and Prof, de
Heen is produced, he replies that these
gentlemen are not typical of the first rank
of physicists. It would be impertinent in
me to award places to such distinguished
men as to schoolboys in a class, so I will add
to their testimony that of M. Armand
Gautier, a member of the Institut, who, in a
letter to Dr. Le Bon published in the Revue
Scientifique of February 13th, 1904, speaks of
" les phenomenes de radio-activite, dont vous avez
ete l'un des premiers a montrer toute la generality
et Pimportance aussi bien que tout l'interet au
point de vue des phenomenes qui serablent nous
montrer la dissociation de l'atome simple lui-meme."
I must also give the following extract
from an article in the same journal on
January 27th last by M. Painleve, also a
member of the Institut, and professor at the
Sorbonne, which aptly sums up Dr. Le Bon's
case, and to which I shall have to refer
later : —
" En definitive, M. Gustave Le Bon me parait
avoir emis le premier l'hypothese que, sous l'in-
fluence d'une excitation legere, ou meme spontane-
ment, tous les corps materiels projettent hors d'eux-
memes quelque chose qui ressemble plus aiix rayons
cathodiques qu'a la lumiere ordinaire. Les expe-
riences et les idees de Gustave Le Bon n'ont trouve,
d'ailleurs, pendant plusieurs annees, aucun credit
parmi les physiciens, bien que certaines fussent
aeja precises. Apres la decouverte du radium, a
la suite de multiples experiences que l'intensite des
phenomenes observes permettait de rendre saisis-
santes, alors que les savants hesitaient et hesitent
encore entre les diverses explications possibles,
Gustave Le Bon a adopte sans reserve l'hypothese
d'aprea laquelle la radio-activite resulterait d'une
disintegration spontanee des atonies materiels et
serait un phenomene absolument general."
This is a question not of physics, but of
facts, and I think any impartial reader will
agree that the five scholars whose words I
have given are at least as qualified to judge
in the matter as even a Cambridge physicist.
That M. Henri Becquerel did say that Dr.
Le Bon had " n'aucune idee des phenomenes
de radio-activite " is true enough ; but Mr.
Campbell omits to mention that to this
were prefixed the words " au moment ou il
les a faites " — the " les " in question being
Dr. Le Bon's communications to the Aca-
demic des Sciences in 1896 and 1897 ; and
that M. Becquerel — of whom I desire, to
speak with every respect — like other great
scholars, may sometimes make a mistake, ns
in the case referred to in to-day's ' Research
Notes.' As to Dr. Le Bon's own words in
' L' Evolution do la Matiere ' about the
storms which his first discoveries evoked,
they are taken textually, and without altera-
tion, from an article in the Revue Scientifique
of October 17th, 1903, and it is evident,
from merely comparing them with those of
M. Painleve quoted above, that they refer
to a state of things now happily at an end.
The honour conferred upon M. Le Bon by
the Academie Royale de Belgique, as noted
in last week's ' Science Gossip,' is but a proof
of this, and will no doubt prove the fore-
runner of others. To those who remember
— as, I am sorry to say, I do — the aftermath
of the tempest raised by Darwin's early
researches, Dr. Le Bon's period of obloquy
seems to have been remarkably short.
While it is necessary to say this in defence
of one who has been, in my opinion, unjustly
attacked, I do not propose to perform the
task of memoir-writing and the like set me
— one can almost fancy he is giving me an
imposition for my temerity — by Mr. Camp-
bell, or to traverse in detail in this letter
his objections to the one of Dr. Le Bon's
many experiments which he now challenges,
although here, too, the balance of evidence
is against him. To do so with an adversary
at once so embittered and so elusive as he
woidd tax the patience of both the editor
and the readers of The Athenaeum beyond
all limits, nor, if Mr. Campbell succeeded in
invalidating the experiment in question,
would it alter my opinion of the soundness
of Dr. Le Bon's doctrine one jot. That Dr.
Le Bon, working for the most part, like
Faraday, without the help of mathematical
analysis or the magnificent resources in the
way of apparatus of the Cavendish Labo-
ratory, may have once or twice stumbled,
is likely enough ; but if this were the case
— which I do not admit — would he differ in
that from many physicists whose claim to
the very first rank is undisputed ? Not to
drag M. Becquerel's name again into the
matter, did not Sir William Crookes at first
think that the vanes of his radiometer
revolved under the impact of light ? and
did not Lord Kelvin, at the Cambridge
meeting of the British Association, frankly
retract his formerly expressed opinion as
to the energy of radium being derived from
external sources ? That Dr. Le Bon is
neither an unskilled nor a crack-brained
experimenter seems to me to need no demon-
stration after the references I have before
given from Prof. Rutherford, Prof. Fleming,
Prof, de Heen, Dr. Parodi, and again M.
Painleve.
I pass on to the one really important point
where Mr. Campbell differs from Dr. Le Bon,
and that is with regard to the emanation.
Dr. Le Bon's position, as I understand it,
is that all substances emit an emanation
which forms a necessary stage alike in
the dissociation of matter and in the
emission of rays and electrically charged
particles. To this Mr. Campbell replies
that, although in his own and Prof. J. J.
Thomson's experiments, this emanation has
been observed in the case of a great number
of substances, there is yet no evidence that
it extends to all ; and I freely admit that this
is the part of Dr. Le Bon's hypothesis which
requires to be further fortified by experiment.
In the special case of uranium, which alone
of the so-called radio-active bodies cannot
be shown to emit an emanation, Dr. Le Bon
has said that, in his opinion, it has one,
though it has not yet been detected, or. in
his own words (' 1/ Evolution de la Matiere,'
p. 129), " L'uranium n'en donne pas assea
pour que les react ifs puissont le reveler."
As 1 willingly accept Mr. Campbell's state-
ment that he has rend every word that Dr.
Le Bon has published on physical questions,
I can only suppose that he forgot this when
he wrote in his first letter that uranium gavo
:;iu
Til K A Til KX.KTM
X 1089, Masch 1-', 1906
m> emanation, and thai " Dr. Le Boo doei
not appear num.- m tiii-- elementary fact."
However that maj be, Dr. Le Bon has too
often been right in mnch greater matters
4 « • i mi- not to trust him on this point, anil 1
believe that before long tin- generality of
tin- emanation will !><• proved. For the
present, it remains- as, for that matter,
dot i tht i sistence of the ether or the electrons
— n matter of dednetion without experi-
mental proof.
Finally, let me say that I have no wish to
untir without cause at the Cavendish
Laboratory or its members. In one instance
of late its prestige seems to me to have been
rather unwarrantably used in the daily press,
but. a- more will probably he heard of that
matter. I will say nothing further about it
here. There has also been much stuff put
forward lately from the same quarter about
its being " the headquarters of the New
Physics.'' a contention which can hardly
be seriously maintained; nor can I even
admit .Mr. Campbell's claim that its
workers, singly or collectively, represent
the opinion of the scientific world. I like
to think of science as a republic where
one man, one vote, is the rule ; and, with
the thousands of eager students of nature
now at work in Paris, Berlin, Leyden, and
even in distant Tokyo and Kyoto — to
mention only a few names, and to say no-
thing of our other universities in the capital,
the provinces, and the colonies — it takes
some time to get a plebiscite.
Meanwhile, all physicists, whether humble
or great, will do well to judge every theory
that comes before them on the evidence
alone, and without regard to national or
local prejudice. Every Englishman must
be proud of the excellent work done by
Prof. J. J. Thomson and the band of workers
he has gathered round him at the Cavendish
Laboratory. But from this to giving them
the right to decide pontifically on questions
of science is a long step, and one which Mr.
Campbell in his cooler moments will hardly
wish us to take. F. L.
SOCIETIES.
GEOLOGICAL.— Feb. 21.— Sir Archibald (Jeikie,
President, in the chair.— Mr. Herbert Bolton,
Mr. J. Cross, and Mr. F. W. Hilgcndorf were
elected Fellows. The following communications
were read : 'The Constitution of the Interior of
the Earth, as revealed by Earthquakes,' by Mr. R.
Dixon Oldham,— and ' The Tarannon Series of
Tarannon,' by Miss Ethel M. R. Wood.
SOCIETY of Antiquaries.— March 1.— Lord
Avebury, President, in the chair.— This being an
evening appointed for the election of Fellows, no
papers were read. The following gentlemen were
elected Fellows : Messrs. J. C. Gould, C. Thomas-
Stanford, H. S. Moore, H. W. Hohnan, and
W. H. Dnignan, and the Hon. Oliver Howard.
Lonnean. —March 7.— Prof. W. A. Herdman,
President, in the chair.— Mr. Hugh Findon, Mr.
J. E. Radi liffe McDonagh, Mr. T. Bawkes RusselL
and Mr. E. J. Schwartz were elected Fellows. —
Dr. I). H. Scott described 'A New Type of Stem
from the Coal-Measnres,' the stem being one of the
many interesting fossils obtained from the pit at
Bhore-Littleborough in Lancashire, opened up for
scientific purposes by Mr. W. H. Batoliflte.— Prof.
F. W. Oliver, Mr. \V. C. Woredell, Prof. A. <i.
Tanslev, and the President joined in the dis-
cussion.—A paper by Dr. H. C. Sorby, containing
' Notes on some Speoies of Nereis in the District of
the Thames Estuary,' was read, with introductory
and explanatory observations, by the Zoological
Secretary.- The President and Mr. A. D. Michael
contributed some additional remarks. -The last
paper, 'Membranous Labyrinths of Eohinorhinus
and Ccstracion,' by Prof. ( '. Stewart, a continua-
tion of a recent paper, was read in title.
Zoolocn \i.. /•',/,. jo. Mi. (.. \. Boulenger,
V.I'., m tin- i ban. The B< read ■ report
on tin' additions to the menagerie during Jam
and called special attention to i now leopard
(Felit uneia) presented bj Majoi A. II. Bnstey, an
Aaid woli [Prottlea • and a salt-ms
oavy [Dolichotit aalinicoU^). Ih- a] o read ■<■ lettca
from Major-General Bir Reginald Talbot, Gorernoi
of Viotoria, giving an aooount ol the
bici ding of a mule Mi. I'.. I. PooOck exhibited a
photograph of a ring-tailed lemut [Lemur <<ttt<t)
oarrying its young on its ha'-k. Dr. A. Smith
W< odWard exhibited a new drawing of the skeleton
of the Triaasio Rhynchooephalian, RhynchotamrHt
articepa, from the Keeper Sandstone of Shropshire,
and pointed out the diili o in •- between 1 1 » i —
am H nt reptile and t he modern S]>hcn< don. — Mr. L.
Donoaster ami the Rev. <;. H. Raynor communi-
cated a paper on breeding experiments they had
made with Lepidoptera. The species used
Angerond prunarta and its var. sordiaia, and
Abraxas grosevlariata and its var. lacticolor. — Mr.
W. 1'. Pycraft read a paper on the ' Traeheophone
I'assi res,' which he described as a group differing
from all the remaining Passeres in the formation of
the syrinx. — A paper by Messrs. Oldfield Thomas
and Harold Schwann was read, giving an account
of a collection of mammals made by Mr. C. H. B.
Grant at Knysna, and presented to the National
Museum by Mr. C. D. Rudd. The collection con-
sisted of about 150 specimens, belonging to SI
species or subspecies, of which the most noticeable
was Mrs. Rudd's golden mole (Amhlysomiis corrite).
— A communication from Prof. Bashford Dean con-
tained an account of the habits of the Australian
lung-fish {Ceralodus forsteri), as observed by him in
the Society's menagerie.
Microscopical. — Feb. 21. — Dr. Dukinfield H.
Scott, President, in the chair. — Mr. Waldron
Griffiths described his method for mounting deli-
cate vegetable tissues in xylol-balsam, and ex-
hibited under microscopes some excellent specimens.
— Mr. Beck exhibited and described an optical
bench for microscopic illumination with ordinary
or monochromatic light. — Dr. Hebb exhibited an
objective designed by Wenham in 1870, and made
by Ross, to be used either as a dry or water im-
mersion lens. — Mr. Walter Rosenhain described a
new form of metallurgical microscope. To obtain
great stability, Mr. Rosenhain attaches the body,
which carries the optical portion and the illumi-
nating appliances, rigidly to the limb, which is of
a novel form. It is carried on trunnions of large
diameter, the friction of which holds the instru-
ment securely at any angle of inclination. The
stage, as in most metallurgical microscopes, is
made to move up and down on the optical axis, and
the focussing is done entirely by the coarse and
fine adjustments attached thereto. The stage has
the usual rectangular motions and can be com-
pletely rotated. The instrument is fitted with
various illuminators suitable for opaque objects ;
and a super-stage can be attached for examining
transparent objects. — Mr. Earland gave an abstract
of a paper by Mr. W. P. Dollman ' On a Method
of producing Stereo-photomicrographs.' A numl>er
of exceedingly good stereoscopic prints were ex-
hibited in illustration of the paper. — Mr. Taverner
read a short paper ' On a Simple Method of taking
Stereo-photomicrographs and of mounting the
Prints without Cutting.' Though these two papers
were upon the same subject, the methods of the
authors were different, and Mr. Dollman, who
resides in Australia, limits his operations to very
low powers, giving amplifications of nine to twenty
diameters only. He uses a Stop in front of the
objective, and exposes first one side of the lens and
then the other, as he takes his two Btereosoopic
pictures. Mr. Taverner uses higher powers and a
peculiar stop at the back of the objective. The
authors adopt a similar arrangement for obviating
the necessity of cutting tho'prints. — Mr. Rousselel
gave an abstract of a paper from the Hon. T.
Kirkman, 'A Second List of Rotifers of Natal,' in
which the author describes a remarkable new
species, Obpeut triaiit/ulatttx.
Institution of Civil Engineers. — March (i. —
Sir Alexander R. Binnie, President, in the chair. —
It was announced that six Associate Members had
been transferred to the class of Members, and that
Fi\.- Membi ■•l<-m-
ted.
Roi m I irenn not. March
Northumberland, President, in the chair. M
i, Mr. A. W. ol.-, Mr. N. M. 0
H. F Pooley, Mr. H r, and Mr. A 1:
Thomas n
hi r or 1 Mm i '•■ — Mr.
Maurice Wilson, President, in tin; shear.- A papei
read on 'Submerged Chain-Cable Gn
Mr. K. (J. Allunsoii-W'inij.
Ti >-.
Win.
HEJCTDKM SKXT WF.F.K.
'. of Art*. 1— ' Hir I or. 'ion.
Lectoro I Prof. V. B. Li
Burreyors' Umrtitutlon, notion and
Transport in London.' Mr W Uc.muii.
ipnical, - Journal in the It hod ope
BaTk&ni ' I t It. Maunsell.
Asiatic, 4.— 'Saraadand Aunngzeh, Mr. W. I
Royal Institution, 6.— 'Food ind Nutrition, Lecture W.
1*1 '-f \\ Btl
Colonial Institute, fl.—' V ;ji t in the West Indies
Mi- < . cii- Tliii-rry.
Institution of Ciwl Ki,.'ii ■ ■ :-. ».— 'The Widncs and Runcorn
Tfan*port«r-Brid(e,' II r .1 1 Webster.
Anthro|,ological. K.15. — ' l'ala-olitliic Implement* from tbe
Neighhourho<xl of Southampton,' Mr W. Dale; 'Material*
lor the Study of Tatu in liuniu . It < Hoee and Mr. 1! li.
Bhelford.
Uritii-li Arademv, 5— 'The Problem of Spelling Reform,' Rer.
Prof. Bkeat.
— Society of Arts, h — ' Iu)i*ri;il Organization from a Dullness
Point "f View,' Mr. Geoffrey Di
— Sociological, h .— ' Bearing of Recent Advances in Biology upon
Sociological Problems. Prof. J. A. Thomson.
— TajUL— Pilgrims to Ise. Mr. J. Morris.
Tunis. Royal, i.:u>.
— Society of Aits, -1 30.— 'The languages of India and tbe Lin-
guistic Snrrer, Iir. O. A. Orierson.
— Royal Institution, 5.— The Physiology of Plants,' Lecture ILL,
Mr. F. Darwin.
— Historical. 5.—' A Chanter in Roman Frontier History: the
Annexation beyond the Rhine. Prof. H. F. Pelham.
— Linnean. 8.— Discussion on ' The Origin of Gymnosperms.'
opened hy Prof. F. W. Oliver.
— Chemical, ». 30. —'The Interaction of Well-dried Mixtures of
Hydrocarbons and Oxygen,' Messrs. W. A. Done ami G N
Andrew; 'The K.vplosne Coml.ustion of Hydrocar
Messrs. W. A. Bone and J. Drugnian ; and three other
Papers.
— Society of Antiquaries, 8.30.— 'Notes on the Priory
Pancraa at Lewes.' Mr. w H. St. John I
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, s.— Din u--iun on ' Large
Locomotive Pollers.'
Royal Institution, ».— 'How to Improre Telephony,' Mr. W.
Duddell.
Royal Institution, 3.— 'The Corpuscular Theory of Matter.
Lecture III., Prof. J. J. Thomson.
FBI.
Sat.
SfxttlttK (5fl55ip.
Mb. Arthur Stanley Eddixotox, of
Trinity College, Cambridge, and Senior
Wrangler in 1904, has been appointed one
of the Chief Assistants at the Royal Obser-
vatory, Greenwich, in consequence of Mr.
Dyson'p removal to Edinburgh.
We alluded some time ago to the projected
starting at Lahore of a quarterly journal
specially devoted to the study of tropical
veterinary science. The first number of
this periodical has now been published at
Calcutta, and the editorial preface states
that it has been instituted
"with the object of providing a means for the
bringing about of that international interchange
of ideas demanded by modem research, and of
affording a medium for the publication of articles
dealing with veterinary pathology and the allied
sciences, as met with in all tropical and sub-tropical
oonntriea."
The principal contributors are Prof. Lingard
(Bacteriologist to the Indian Government),
Mr. R. E. Montgomery, Capt. F. S. Baldrey,
and Major H. T. Pease (Principal of the
Punjab Veterinary College). The last tlvree
are joint editors of the Journal, and Messrs.
Thacker, Spink & Co. are the publishers.
Thari and Gyantse in Tibet are to be
made meteorological reporting stations.
Father Schwab, Director of the obser-
vatory of the Benedictine establishment at
Krcmsmunster, has, at his own request, been
relieved of the duties of that office, and
Father Thiemo Schwarz, for some time past
his assistant, has been appointed to succeed
him as Director, whilst Dr. Bonifa* Zolss
takes the place of assistant.
N°4089, March 10, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
305
Dr. Francesco Porro, professor at the
University of Genoa and Director of the
Meteorological Observatory, has been ap-
pointed, by the Government of the Argen-
tine Republic, Director of the National
Astronomical Observatory at La Plata.
FINE ARTS
THREE EXHIBITIONS.
DUTCH WATER-COLOURS : SIR JOHN
day's COLLECTION.
Messrs. Obach have now on view at their
gallery in Bond Street a third instalment of
Sir John Day's collection of modern pictures.
The two portions previously shown consisted
of French oil paintings by the various
members of the Barbizon School and modern
Dutch oil paintings. The present exhibi-
tion contains Dutch water-colour drawings.
The presence of characteristic works by the
brothers Jacob and Willem Maris (by the
former of whom there are no fewer than
thirteen examples), of four by Anton Mauve,
six by Bosboom, and five each by Mesdag
and Josef Israels, causes the collection to be
admirably representative of the greatest
names of modern Dutch water-colour art.
The native grace and refinement which
characterize the school, its air of quietude,
its pervading sense of harmony — above all,
its skill in rendering the finest variations in
atmospheric effects associated with cloudy
skies — are seen to the fullest advantage,
especially in the examples of the work of
Anton Mauve and Jacob Maris. Of those
by Mauve, which are all scenes of shepherd-
ing, The Return of the Flock arrests attention
by reason of its exquisite feeling and har-
mony of tone. The road and the sky are
rendered as one in hue in the soft misty
light, and become indistinguishably one in
the receding distance. The simplicity of the
result tends somewhat to obscure the per-
ception of the subtlety of method whereby
it has been brought about. The note of
colour in the light seen in the window is
admirably proportioned, and effects just the
requisite contrast. The same may be said
of the blue of the shepherd's smock and the
green of the herbage in Opening the Gale.
The power of Jacob Maris is shown in
more variety. He has the same delicacy of
conception, but a wider range of vision,
though Mauve excels him in depth of feeling
and in spontaneity. Of his drawings of
Dutch towns, seen usually across the water
of a canal or harbour, the most elaborate is
the Dordrecht, in which the arrangement of
the light, with the lower part in shadow and
a shaft of sunlight breaking on the tower of
the cathedral, is at once bold and impressive.
His Delft and Windmills present a very soft
and attractive harmony of tones, as also
does the seapiece A Rainy Day. A certain
intimacy of feeling and sympathy in the
Ploughing suggests study of Millet, whose
influence upon Dutch art is, however, seen
most potently in the work of Israels.
The more pastoral nature of the art of
Willem Maris is well exemplified in his
Spring Time and Milking Time. They
possess a charming delicacy of execution.
We may almost see the freshness of the
herbage just after rain. A very effective
and harmonious scene by Weissenbruch,
Near Antwerp, shows how the influence both
of Mauve and Jacob Maris lias affected the
art of the older school of Dutch painters.
Mesdag, in contrast with his contem-
poraries among Dutch landscape painters,
lias been characterized by Muthcr as pre-
eminently a realist. The others are sub-
jective ; they seek in nature's reality the
interpretation of moods of thought, he seeks
rather to paint with fidelity what he sees.
So in Fishing-Boats at Anchor : Evening, the
turbulence of the sky, with the clouds
grinding in masses against each other, seems
somewhat out of harmony with the effect
produced by the line of boats at anchor and
the gently heaving mass of the water. In
The Coming Storm, by Tholen, whose work
has much in common with that of Mesdag,
the atmospheric effects are rendered with
great power and verisimilitude.
The various examples of Bosboom reveal
his accessibility to the influence of the
naturalist school. His interest in the prob-
blems connected with the incidence of light
in interiors led to a close study of Pieter de
Hooch and others of the earlier masters,
and we may contrast his Dutch Cathedral,
with its firm, true, yet hard drawing of
architecture and of the various groups of
figures, which have a look of Teniers's
cavaliers, and the clear-cut precision of its
lighting, with the looser, freer treatment of
a similar subject, the Interior of a Cathedral,
which he executed in the year 1887.
Of the various works in genre, those of
Josef Israels are pre-eminent in fineness of
quality combined with a certain idyllic grace.
Mending the Nets, a study of two girls
sitting on the seashore, exhibits his power
very characteristically in the softness and
delicacy of its outlines and the perfect har-
mony of its colour ; and Sewing, where a
woman is seen seated at work, facing a
window — the light from which touches her
white cap and marks the profile of her face
— is a noteworthy example of his dignity
and feeling. Among the other painters of
genre Israels' s influence has apparently pre-
dominated. It is very perceptible in the
works of Blommers and Neuhuys, and is
present to a less degree in Artz's Sewing
School, though in this the rigidity and
comparative hardness of outline, the minute-
ness of detail, and the manner of treatment
of the light point strongly to the influence
of Pieter de Hooch.
' AVIEMORE AND THE HIGHLANDS ' AT THE
MODERN GALLERY.
The water-colour drawings by Miss Ger-
trude Martineau and Miss Edith Martineau,
A.R.W.S., now on view at the Modern
Gallery, Bond Street, consist of sketches of
Higliland scenery, together with some of
places in Norway and of English rural scenes,
various flower studies, and some figure sub-
jects. The last named are by Miss Edith
Martineau, who has a somewhat wider range
than her sister, though the work of the two
has a strong similarity. In the case of
each it is of very even quality and maintains
a careful standard of execution. Miss Edith
Martineau has less feeling for the grandeur
of Nature ; she seeks rather to depict her
more intimate and sylvan or garden moods.
Such sketches as the Cottage near Bosbury,
Herefordshire, or Evening at Chiddingford, a
cottage with fruit trees in blossom and two
children in a field, by their daintiness of
arrangement and execution and by their
prettiness — to employ a much-abused term
in its better sense — have an affinity to the
work of Mrs. Allingham and to the landscape
sketches of Kate Greenaway, and for deli-
cacy and fidelity Miss Martineau's work is
very little, if at all, inferior to theirs. The
Sandhills at IAttlehampton and Late, Autumn
on Hampstead Heath are pleasing examples
of her freer work in landscape, the- changing
colours of the birch and bracken in the latter
being interpreted with great verisimilitude.
Of various very careful drawings of flowers
we may instance the Sea-holly, the Flowering
Rush, and Carnations as among the most
pleasing. Of the work in portraiture the
most noteworthy is the Mrs. Lister ; in
At tlie Piano the sleeve of the dress of the
seated figure shows very successfully Miss
Martineau's skill in interpreting fabrics.
It was, however, we think, a mistake to
insert the reflection of the hand on the lid
of the keyboard ; its presence certainly
excites surprise.
Except for a few sketches in Norway and
Sark, the work of Miss Gertrude Martineau
treats entirely of the country round about
Aviemore. Much of the grace and some-
thing of the stern charm of Highland scenery
find expression in the various sketches of the
mountains round about Loch-an-Eilan and
of the fir trees which fringe its sides, some of
the latter especially being of great fidelity
of workmanship and entirely successful in
effect. Of many pleasing drawings, the Lily
Loch, near Aviemore, is, perhaps, the most
fascinating. The Fairy Knoll, also near
Aviemore, exhibits great delicacy of touch ;
and the clearness of the atmosphere
steeped in autumn sunlight is excellently
rendered. In some of the scenes extending
over a wider expanse the artist's vision
is rather too photographic, and the
over-insistence upon detail lessens the
general effect.
the painter-etchers.
The gregarious instinct which is held to
be one of the special characteristics of civilized
humanity cannot be said to be an important
factor in regulating the conduct of such part
of it as follows the practice of art. In art,
at any rate, the tendency is, and always has
been, to segregate and dwell apart. " Se
tu sarai solo tu sarai tutto tuo " — so Leon-
ardo wrote as a precept for the student, and
the words serve as his own apologia. In
order to emphasize this self-possession and
thereby render it more fully patent to the
observer, the artist under present-day con-
ditions tends to exhibit apart also. The
disintegrating process is apparently inevit-
able, and forms part of the law of progress
in art. The influence of academies and
royal societies could do little, if anything, to
restrict it ; but a sense of fairness constrains
us to add that they do not seem at all con-
cerned to make any such attempt. Con-
sequently, at the time of the twenty-fourth
annual exhibition of a Royal Society, what-
ever may have been the aegis of its inception,
it becomes almost axiomatic to observe that
if the art with which it concerns itself be in a
condition of productive vitality, the proof
of this will be as apparent outside of as
within its precincts. The contents of the
present exhibition, as compared with others
of an independent character, establish tins
in the case of etching.
In view of the comparatively limited
output, considerations of space do not
operate to preclude the possibility of bring-
ing together on occasion, in the rooms
of the Society or elsewhere, a really re-
presentative exhibition of all phases of
present-day performance. In any such
exhibition a certain proportion of the works
here shown might fitly find a place, though
they would probably be surrounded by others
of at least equal merit. But as the one
category is hypothetical we forbear to offer
instances, and turn to the consideration of
such part as is concrete. Landscape occu-
pies the attention of by far the larger number
of the present exhibitors, genre subjects
following after a long interval. There are
scarcely any portraits and very few imagina-
.w>
Til E ATIIKNW.UM
N 4089, Miaou 10, 1906
five themes, in i c 1 noun' of tic- lut aro
rather pronouncedly unsuooeesfuL Mr.
Brangwyn'i two platei somewhal dwarf
the rest "f tin- exhibit*. Their vigour And
dramatic intensity mi->- undeniable, 5u1 these
qualities seem to find more liannonious
expression in his Breaking up of the Hannibal
t lian in the ] tiece fnt it led The Butcfu r'.v Shop.
In tin' former tin- huge hulk looms iniproe-
,si\. h, am! <\'V\ on,' of its linefl and DUTVI
tend-, to sustain and rnhancr the effect. In
thf latter the disposition of the masses of
light and shade is hold and effective, hut the
OOmpOSitioZ] as a whole lacks unity; the
huge tree -trunks dominate the space too
insistently ; the figures, if there at all,
should have presented a more defined con-
t !..-t. The work of Mr. East may he asso-
ciated with that of Mr. Brangwyn as pos-
ing the most insistent vitality and vigour
of conception. His method is perhaps most
completely successful in the Villa d'Este
and Longpre, which possess harmony and a
sense of atmosphere ; others of his plates
seem to exhibit the influence of Japanese
colour-prints, as when, by the use of an
excessive number of diagonal lines, the
foliage is so treated as to seem symbolical
rather than of natural growth.
Mention should be made of a very inter-
esting Venetian series by Sir Charles Holroyd,
of which The Gesuati, The Salute Steps, and
the Bio San Gregorio No. 223 are most note-
worthy. They have a quiet stateliness of
line and a simplicity of conception which
are very effective. In their clear open
spaces you may perceive the air and the sun-
light. A complete contrast is presented by
the ornate and — to our thinking — too ela-
borately finished interiors and architectural
studies of Mr. Axel Haig.
Mr. Oliver Hall sends some clever and
effective, but not particularly noteworthy
etchings, of which Bain on the Lancashire
Fells seems to have the truest feeling. With
it we may notice Mr. Waterson's impressive
mezzotint The Strath ; the sky and clouds
are rendered with great intensity and power,
and in effective contrast with them is the
shrinking figure on the white horse. Mr.
Alfred Hartley's contributions show very
delicate, firm draughtsmanship ; we like
best his Ruined Gateway, Asolo, in which the
flock of sheep passing through are drawn with
a fidelity and simplicity which serve to
recall the work of Jacque. Of Mr. Charles
J. Watson's two architectural studies the
P or tail de Notre Dame, Neufchdtel en Bray,
is of really exquisite delicacy. It is drawn
with a degree of softness of touch which
serves admirably to represent the crumbling
nature of the sculptured stone. The deep
shadow seen within the open door presents
an admirable contrast to the sun-steeped
porch and the little groups around the booths
and benches in the foreground. The Abbe-
ville is hardly inferior to it in charm.
Col. Goff's dry point Study of Nespolo is
very free and vigorous in line. He also
sends several vivacious Egyptian river
scenes, of which the Nile Boats, Gizeh, Cairo,
is especially admirable in the contrasts of its
composition. Mr. Sydney Lee's architec-
tural studies suffer in effectiveness from his
precision of method. The most successful
are, we think, the Notre Dame, Bruges, and
the House at Fuenterrabia. There is a
certain quiet distinction about Miss Illing-
worth's Barton Street, Westminster ; and
among the other more attractive plates are
a view of St. Andrews From St. Reguhta1
Tower, by Mr. F. Laing, and Old Stirling,
by Mr. J. G. Murray. Mr. G. Woolliscroft
Rhead's studies of plants and flowers are
drawn with minute fidelity, and there is a
Dureresque precision in his impressive study
of an old Italian peasant. No. -1H. lb- i
-jomcwhat l« s -ueees»ful in his imaginative
compositions, although the Cytnon and
Iphtgenia has considerable dignity oi <"n
<•eptii.ii. Belleu'a -todies of mondaim ihow
his accustomed dexterity neither more nor
less. Prof. Legros'i contributions are some-
whaf unequal. Thedrypoinl head of himself
is of the quality of his best work, and I ■
Oraitons ae Noel has great delicacy and
tenderness of feeling; but neither in Vic-
tinics d' Incendie nor UOuragnn is the treat-
ment of the figures successful, and at times
it approaches perilously near to the grotesque.
W. H. BOUCHER.
On Monday afternoon there died at his
home in Berkhampstead William Henry
Boucher, the etcher, well known to many
people of the middle-aged generation as
" W. B." of Judy, of which lie was cartoonist
for over twenty-five years. He was in his
seventieth year. Born in Bristol, he came
to London as a youth, and from the first
the productions of his pencil found ready
acceptance. In his prime he contributed
illustrations to scores of boys' books, and
ho was one of the artists who pictured the
striking situations of some of Stevenson's
early novels when these appeared in serial
form. For Boucher Stevenson had a very
sincere regard, and in one of his temporary
resting-places in the islands of the South
Seas had upon his walls Boucher's illustra-
tions to ' The Black Arrow.' Among notable
productions which owed something to
Boucher's pencil and graver were the
" Border Edition " of Scott and Mr. Dent's
English edition of Balzac, in the production
of which the artist took a deep interest.
But his name and reputation will be best
kept in memory by his popular series of
etchings after Mr. Dendy Sadler's paintings.
It was an ideal partnership, the sentiment
of the etcher assisting him to a remarkable
degree in the translation of the painter's
subjects. The first of these, ' Old and
Crusted,' enjoyed a succes fou. A lengthy
series followed, making the names of Dendy
Sadler and Boucher household words. The
titles of a few of these may be given at
random : ' Darby and Joan,' ' Toddy at the
Cheshire Cheese,' " For he's a jolly good
fellow," ' Friday,' and the two companion
etchings " My love to you " and " The same
to you, my dear."
Mr. Boucher was a well-known figure in
Fleet Street. He was for many years a
member of the Whitefriais Club, on the
committee of which he served for some time.
He was a man of remarkable culture. Of
retiring habits, he was greatly loved by
those who had the privilege of his friendship.
SALE.
Mkssks. Christik's sale on Saturday was com-
posed of two properties, the one being the collec-
tion of pictures by old masters and water-colour
drawings (removed from Buabridge Hall, Qodal-
ming), formed chiefly by William Gosling, the
banker, and inherited by the Hon. Mrs. Sketfington
Smyth ; and the other the collection of tho late
Mr. A. A. Ram, of 19, Kgerton Gardens, 8.W.
The day's sale realized upwards of 6,800f. The
most important of the first-named property was a
characteristic example of Jan Steen, a tavern
window with six boors reading and drinking ; it is
identical with the picture described in Smith's
'Catalogue Raisonne,' No. 166, and brought
860 gs., an exceptionally high price for a work
by this artist. It was sold at Christie's in 1SJ7
for 110/., as recorded by Smith. The portrait of
Rembrandt by himself, in rich orimsi n drees
trimmed with fur, and fastened bj a jewelled clasp,
•'lin ; l,u'
Ifl known tliiit it wan » vernoo of a piotien
Muiurii, aii'l that the latter wa* generally .
as a replioa of ,,n original not ad, pur-
n vers thy, a singM bid "f 100 ga only l-
Qaada A euriuua picture catalogued aa by Eotbein,
.in bnagtaai >• portrait <•] Wifiiam Teh, a h«lt-
length naked figure, holding a bow in inn i
band and an arrow in Ins 1- it, on pan 1.
390 gs. Tins has '••• n twice exhibited at tli< I
Masters, and formed | the famous M
collection until 1*hi, when if was sold for 156
A similar picture, ul^, called William Tell,
ascribed to Durar, was sold for four guineas at
Christie's on July 9th, Ism*;. The other |
by old masters inoloded : A. Brnturino, Pbrtra
Andrea Bendini i f Florence, in black dress,
210 gs. Dutch School, Portrait of ,i Gentld
in d.n k dress, 125 ga An admirable early woi
T. S. Cooper, Cattle, Sheep, G d Milk-
maids, ]hu>, sold for 116 ga ; at the Baring sale in
IH4H it brought only 41 gs.
The highest price paid for a picture in the Ram
collection was for an example oi Madame !>,- Brim,
a portrait of a lady in crimson cloak, hitherto dc-
scribed as Lady Hamilton, hut certainly not
Romney'e "divinity." It is probably a portrait
(one of many) of the artist's daughter, who ma:
M. Nigris, and realized 440 gs. There were also r
M. Geerarts, Portrait of Lady Arabella Stuart, in
rich white dress embroidered with gold, 250
M. Hondecoeter, A Dog, Parrot, Dead Peacock,
and other Birds in a Carden, 2K0gs. Bastiano*
Mainardi, The Dead Christ, with the three Ma
St. John, and other Saints, on panel, 17<>gs. (this
was in Samuel Woodburn's collection, and fetched
only 20gs. in 18W>). M. J. Miereveldt, a pair of
portraits of Alliert, Archduke of Austria, in richly
inlaid armour, and Isabella of Spain, llOga r.
Zuochero, Portrait of a I.ady, in embroidered white
dress, on panel, dated 1589, LOOga School of
Zuochero, Portrait <f a Lady, in rich black dn
280 gs. The last two were striking illustration
picture-buying as an investment. Both were in
the famous collection of Charles Scarishrick. and
when it was dispersed at Christie's in IStil tl
two pictures were purchased for 43 gs. and 2V
respectively.
|Tiiu-^.rt (5ossip.
Mr. Gutekttnst has open an exhibition of
works by Diirer, Meryon, Whistler, and Sir
Seymour Haden.
At the Modern Gallery Miss Bessie Wigan
is showing ' A Summer's Sketches ' of I
Riffel Alps and Italian lakes.
At the Fine- Art Society's rooms to-day
water-colours of ' Italian Spring and English.
Summer,' by Ina Clogstoun, are open to-
private view. Mr. John Fulleylove is ex-
hibiting pictures and studies of some archi-
tectural monuments of London, ancient and
modern, at the same place.
At the Ryder Gallery oils, water-colours,.
and fans, by two lady artists, are on view.
At the Rembrandt Gallery oil paintings
by Mr. Arthur Lemon, Mr. V. M. Hamilton.
Mr. Walter James, and Mr. Gwenllian James
are on private view next Monday. On the-
same day, at the Burlington Fine- Arts Club,
we are invited to view a selection of the
work of Charles Furse, A.R.A.
At the Doro Gallery ' Peasant Life in
Brittany,' by Linnie Watt, is announced for-
private view to-day.
Mr. James Pryde's powerful portrait in
water colours (now on view at the New
Gallery) of Irving as Dubosc in ■ The Lyons
Mail.' ifl being copied by the Art Repro-
duction Company, and a limited number
will be published by the new firm of Messrs.
Chenil & Co., King's Road, Chelsea.
The National Art-Collections Fund is
giving a soiree to its members and to the
contributors to the purchase of the Rokeby
Velasquez at the New Gallery on Tuesday
next, when the picture will be on exhibition-
N°4089, March 10, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
307
The Louvre has within the last week or
-so acquired an unusually interesting portrait
of Madame de Calonne by Louis Gustave
Ricard (1824-73), a pupil of Coignet. The
Louvre already possessed two important
•examples of this painter — his own por-
trait and that of Heilbuth. The portrait
•of Madame de Calonne, a three-quarter
-figure, is considered to be one of Ricard's
(finest works. It is particularly welcome
from the fact that the study for this picture
has been at the Luxembourg for many years,
and figures in the official catalogue as No. 250,
* Portrait de Mme X '
The death in Paris is announced of M.
Charles Auguste Lebourg, the sculptor, who
was born at Nantes on February 20th, 1829,
and who studied under Rude and Amedee
Menard. He first exhibited at the Salon of
1852, where he was represented by a plaster
bust of a doctor. His work quickly
became popular, and he had as sitters many
of the most distinguished men and women
of the Second Empire. He received several
medals at the Salon, and continued to
■exhibit until 1904. Lebourg did not confine
himself to portraits, but executed and exhi-
bited a number of works inspired by classical
incidents. One of his most recent com-
missions was an equestrian statue of ' Jeanne
■d'Arc a Patey ' for the city of Nantes.
MM. Olive and Saint-Germier were
elected members of the " jury de peinture "
on Friday in last week by the Artistes
Francais, in succession to Henner and
IBouguereau.
A monument in marble to the memory of
Falguiere was inaugurated at Pere Lachaise,
Paris, on Sunday by M. Dujardin-Beaumetz,
Under-Secretary of State for the Fine Arts,
in the presence of the sculptor's widow and
children and a number of friends and pupils
of the artist. The monument has been
erected in part at the cost of the State, and
in part by Madame Falguiere, and is the
work of M. Marqueste.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
Queen's Hall. — Symphony Concert.
The programme of last Saturday's Sym-
phony Concert at Queen's Hall opened
with Brahms's ' Gesang der Parzen ' for
chorus and orchestra, the words from
Act IV. sc. v. of Goethe's ' Iphigenie.'
When this work, composed in 1883, was
produced in London at a Richter Concert
•on May 5th of the following year, it was
noticed in The Athenaeum as a work of high
merit, yet " too gloomy to become gene-
rally popular." That is true enough, but,
judged for itself alone, it seems (with the
exception, perhaps, of the setting of the
last two stanzas) to reflect the gloom,
though not fully the grandeur, of the
poet's words. An impressive perform-
ance was given of it, with the assistance
of the Leeds Choral Union, under the able
direction of Dr. Henry Coward.
This was followed by Richard Strauss's
* Taillefer,' which was performed for the
•first time in England at the Bristol
Festival last autumn. The work im-
presses us less on second hearing. The
spontaneous themes in the work, the
restraint, tended at first to render the
work acceptable : it formed a pleasant
contrast to the composer's elaborate
' Domestic Symphony.' We still feel that
there is really little which can be called
distinctive in the music.
The concert ended with Beethoven's
Ninth Symphony, and in the choral portion
the Leeds choir displayed its full tone,
firmness, and strength. The ' Taillefer '
and the symphony were under the direc-
tion of Mr. Henry J. Wood. There was
a large audience ; some came, undoubt-
edly, out of curiosity to hear the novelty,
but the greater number to enjoy the
symphony.
Queen's Hall. — Creatore Band Concerts.
Creatore with his band began a series
of concerts at the Queen's Hall on Monday
evening. The band, a military one, is
very good, but the chief feature of the
evening was the conductor. He is of the
peripatetic order ; he conducts without
any music, and constantly moves about
to right and left of the desk, conveying
what he feels by peculiar and at times
ultra-emphatic gestures. In a sense it
may be called a show, but it is a successful
one, for by it the conductor gets from the
orchestra some very delicate and at times
vivid effects, and on the whole smart
playing. From an artistic point of view
the lights and shades were exaggerated,
sentiment frequently turned into senti-
mentality, and passion torn to tatters ;
yet there was undoubted cleverness, and
even earnestness.
The programme for the first evening
was not well selected, but Tscha'ikowsky's
'1812,' Creatore's ' Electric ' March, and
' The Ride to Hades ' from Berlioz's
8 Faust,' which were included in the week's
programmes, offered full scope to Creatore
for displaying his magnetic power over
his orchestra.
jHuskal (iflsstp.
iEoLiAN Hall. — Herr Oehler's Pianoforte
Recital.
Herr Karl Oehler gave a first piano-
forte recital at the ^Eolian Hall on Tues-
day afternoon. His programme included
Chopin's twelve Etudes, Op. 10, and
Beethoven's Sonata in f minor, Op. 57,
works giving ample opportunity for esti-
mating the powers, technical, intellectual,
and emotional, of a pianist. Herr Oehler
has great command of the keyboard, and
of this he gave many proofs in the Etudes ;
there were from time to time wrong notes
in the bass, but it would be charitable to
set these down to nervousness. The
pianist seemed clearly to understand
what he was playing ; the general im-
pression created by the performance of
the Etudes was, however, cold. To say
there was no display of emotion would be
too strong ; yet throughout one felt that
the objective side of the music was up-
permost in the composer's mind ; and
Herr Oehler's rendering of the Beethoven
sonata did not remove that impression.
Virtuosity is a good servant, but a bad
master.
Two interesting Russian chamber-music
works have been heard during the week.
One was the ' Quatuor Slave,' Op. 26, by
Alexander Glasounow, in which the themes
(actual folk - melodies or clever imitations:
thereof) give piquancy and charm to the
music, especially in the ' Alia Mazurka ' and
'Une Fete Slave,' the third and fourth
sections. This work was performed by the
Nora Clench Quartet at their second concert
last Monday. The other was a quintet for
strings by Sergei Taneiew, produced at the
fourth and last concert of the fifth series of
the Wessely Quartet on Wednesday evening.
Of the three movements, the first, in spite
of fresh subject-matter, is the least charac-
teristic. A wild barbaric spirit pervades
the Allegro con Fuoco, while in the Tema
con Variazioni there are proofs of great
skill and individuality. All are not of equal
merit ; the weaker, however, serve as foils
to the stronger,
Miss Marian Arkwright, Mus. Bac.,
has won the prize of 261. offered by The
Gentlewoman for an original orchestral work
by a British-born woman. Her work is
descriptive of the four winds, after Mr.
Kipling's words. Miss Swepstone, first of the
"special commendations," had, curiously,
taken the same subject. The judges ap-
pointed by the Worshipful Company of
Musicians were Sir George Martin, Dr.
Markham Lee, and Mr. Percy Godfrey.
Two concerts at the Paris Opera and four
at the Chatelet theatre are to be given in
May, under the direction of Herr Wein-
gartner. The Lamoureux Orchestra has
been engaged. A Mozart festival is to take
place on the 23rd, 25th, and 29th inst.,
under the direction of M. Reynaldo Hahn.
The Oriana Madrigal Society, which
lately gave a successful concert in Bechstein
Hall, is, under the direction of Mr. C.
Kennedy Scott, preparing to give another
concert in June. As the expense of produc-
tion is heavy, additional members, both
active and honorary, are desired. Letters
should be addressed to Mr. H. J. L.
Masse, Hon. Secretary, Leighton] House,
Kensington, W.
Schumann died fifty years ago, and the
event will be commemorated — somewhat
prematurely, since he died on July 29th —
at Bonn by a festival on May 22nd and 23rd.
A morning concert will be devoted to songs
and chamber music. At the two evening
concerts will be performed the Symphonies
in e flat and b flat, the Concertstiick for four
horns and orchestra, the ' Manfred ' and
' Genoveva ' Overtures, the Pianoforte Con-
certo, the scenes from ' Faust,' the ' Mignon '
Requiem, and the ' New Year's Song.' Prof.
Joachim, assisted by the local conductor,
Prof. Griiters, will be director. The orches-
tra will be that of the Berlin Philharmonic,
strengthened for the occasion. On the
Sunday before the festival a visit will bo
paid to the grave, where a memorial address
will be delivered ; part-songs will also
be sung by the male choral society Con-
cordia, which fifty years ago followed Robert
Schumann to his last resting-place.
A writer connected with the Vienna
Neue Freie Presse has recently given an
interesting account of the discovery by him,
in the Styrian national museum Joan-
neum " at Graz, of an album which belonged
to Anselm Hiittenbrenncr, a native of that
city (1794-18G5). It was Hiittenbrenncr
who watched by the bedside of the dying
Beethoven whilo Brcuning and Schindler
308
Til K ATHKN/KIM
N U)89, Mab h 1". 1906
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
S.N.
Km.
Ti is.
'J'im M
Fm.
w.iii to d"' \\ alum, 'i oetneU i ■> to u led ■
nm [ox 1 1 ii n. Mini u in i i tlo • 'i ti ayes •Iter
death. Under the cover ol the album in re
found i-arriully pn erved mom of the gre\
imirs ol the master. On one leaf the*
an entry in the handwriting of Bohnbert,
with whom Biittenbrenner \\n* <>n intimate
lecniM. Ili' entry is us follows: —
Bxigtrad) nobis rite) ourriotuuin nature oirouni<
ncrinsit, immenauni gloria.
Caoero si I (ret.
pro Rabirio.
FraneiBo. Bohnbert,
Orillparzer'e inscription on Schubert's tomb,
" Music lia.s here entombed a rich treasure,
but still fairer hopes," was true enough, but
the above sentence Erom Cicero would have
been still more fitting.
Tin: AUgemeine Muaik-Zeitung states that
for Cornelius's ' Barbier von Bagdad,' which
Dr. Biohter will conduct at Covent Garden
during the forthcoming season, the Felix
Mottl version will be used. Tho opera, in
two acts, was produced under Liszt's direc-
tion at Weimar in 1858. In 1874 Herr
Mottl reduced it to one act, making also
other alterations, and it was thus performed
at Carlsruhe in 1884 ; the late Hermann Levi
revised this version, which was published.
The opera in its original form was revived at
the Weimar festival of 1904 in honour of Cor-
nelius, and a vocal score of it has since been
published by Messrs. Breitkopf & Hartel.
With regard to Covent Garden, it is to be
hoped that the work will be given as left by
the composer. The Mottl version may or
may not be an improvement, but in any
case it would be best to let Cornelius speak
for himself.
Le Mcnestrel of the 4th inst. states
that S. Arensky, a prominent composer
of the younger Russian school, has just
passed away. He was born at Novgorod
on July 31st, 1861, and hence had not com-
pleted his forty-fifth year. He studied at
the St. Petersburg Conservatoire, and was
afterwards appointed Professor of Harmony
and Counterpoint at the Moscow Conserva-
toire. He wrote three operas : ' A Dream of
the Volga' (1892), 'Raphael' (1894), and
'Nal and Damayanti ' (1899), the first being
the most important ; Tschaikowsky, as we
know from one of his letters, thought highly
of the work. Of Arensky's two symphonies,
the first in b minor, Op. 4, was produced
here by Mr. Wood in 1897. The Pianoforte
Trio in d minor is one of the composer's
most attractive and most popular works ; a
second one in f minor, Op. 73, has only
recently been published. Arensky s art-work
also includes many songs and pianoforte
pieces.
Bunilaj s<k ii tjs Com ert 3 BO, yuren's Hull.
Bunds* League Concert, 7. Ouean'a Hall.
Muu Elaie Playfair's Violin Recital. 8, Mdlian Hull.
Mr Charles Williams's Concert. 9, Queen's Hall.
Miss Alice Manderille's Vocal Recital, n :;o, fti-i-hstcin Hill
Miss Ester de Muniterhjelm's Vocal Recital. 3, .K..lhn Hall
Mr. Frederic Hocking's Vocal Recital, 8.J0, .lv.lian Hall
Mi>- E. NetUeship's ivi!.. Recital. 8.80, Becbstetu Hall.
Messrs. Dewar's Concert, B, Queens Hull.
Mi" Elliot and Madame, Ncustailt's Concert, S..T0. Bcehstcin
Ball
Miss Nora Prewett's Pianoforte Recital, 8, Bechstein Hall.
Philharmonic Concert, 9, Queen's Sail.
Alma Mater Male Choir, B SO, Bechstein Hall.
Hi- brood Oona rt. 8 SO, £olian Hall.
London Ballad Concert. 8, Queen's Hull.
Mozart Society 'n r. ,,,,-, ,r .: I'.niman Itooins.
Qui en'i Hall Orchestra, 8, Queen') Hall,
DRAMA
dramatic (5ossip.
Miss Ellen Terry made her debut on
the stage on April 28th, 1856, as Mamillius
iu 'The Winter's Tale.' To celebrate tho
jubilee Of thin event Mr. Tr> ■<• will produce
the mm play, Ifi 'I'M-, inking th<- part
• ■I Hermione, and Miss viola Tree that of
Perdita. Mr. C. W. Somerset \ull l«-
Autolycus.
Sin con'an Dmi.K's 'Brigadiai Qefaadt'
obtained at the [mperiaJ <m Saturday a
conspicuous success, due to the dawh <>i Mi
1. 1 wis Waller's performance of the hero,
but is rather old-fashioned melodrama.
' Lks Surprises du Divorce ' was re-
vived on Monday at the New Royalty
Theatre. Tho present season closes this
evoning.
Mr. Arthur Bourchier will produce on
April 26th Mr. Alfred Sutro's new play,
' The Fascinating Mr. Vanderveldt.' In
addition to himself and Miss Vanbrugh, the
cast will comprise Miss Henrietta Watson,
Miss Elfrida Clement, Miss Kate Phillips,
and Messrs. Aubrey Smith, O. B. Clarence,
Charles Goodhart, and Charles V. France.
' The Head Girl ' is the title bestowed
by Mr. Cosmo Gordon Lennox upon his
forthcoming adaptation of ' La Massiere' of
M. Jules Lemaitre. The characters in the
piece (first played at the Renaissance in
January, 1905) have been anglicized, and
the scene of the action has been transferred
to England.
The production of Mr. Barrie's new play
will take place at the Comedy Theatre, under
the direction of Mr. Frohman.
' The Alabaster Staircase ' is with-
drawn this evening from the Comedy. It
will be replaced on Tuesday by ' A Pair of
Spectacles,' with Mr. Hare, Mr. C. Groves,
and Miss Kate Rorke in their original parts.
To Correspondents— W. S.— S. T. B.— J. H. R.-
Received.
A. K. — No vacancy.
C. J. C— We cannot do this.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Pagi
Arnold 311
Authors' Agents 282
Bell & Sons 308
Business for Disposal 282
Cambridge Press 284
Catalogues 282
Chatto & Windus 309
Constable & Co. -is:>
De La More Press 310
Educational 281
Exhibitions 281
IIODDER & STOUGHTON 28C
Hurst & Blackett 238
London Library 311
Longmans & Co 310
Sampson Low, Marston & Co 311
MacLEHOSE & SONS 284
macmillan & co 2s8
Magazines, Ac 283
Miscellaneous 282
Mi -die's Library 283
Murray 2se
Newspaper agents 888
Notes and Queries 3io
Nt'TT 310
PROVIDENT Institutions 281
Lovf.i.i. Reeve & CO 287
Sales by Auction .. ..283
SEEI.EY 283
Situations Vacant 281
Situations Wanted BB
Societies 281
Surgical aid society 311
Type-writers 889
wakii, Lock & Co 312
BOOKS FOR ARCHITECTS
AND ARTISTS.
M >uiature. fflutti on
"J 'J
l: . » It, net.
DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE IN
I M.I. AM) IN THE HEVENTKEJiTH AND
IK. Ill KEN I II < I M I r.ll- \ ( Ex-
anrpli l-r Buildings, Measured, Drswi
With Introduction and
BORA! i. I [ELD nd MM II w.l. Bl > M
" I in- book ii "in- .i jrounf architect ihonld liar.- i
would prove a good influence and prevent bin running i
Man
2 Tol-. imperial tjvo, KM. net.
A HISTORY OF RENAISSANCE
ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND, A.D. U0 • l..
REGINALD BLOM FIELD. MA, Author of "The
Formal Garden in England.' With L50 LUmttratioaa
from Drawings by tin- Author, and 90 Plate- ir"Ui
Photographs and Old Prints and Draw
"Mr. Blomfleld's book is the moat thorough and xholarlv
contribution to the literature of English architecture which
we remember for mauy years." — JJuily CtiromcU.
Imperial Svo, 31*. 6d. net.
A HISTORY OF GOTHIC ART IN
ENGLAND. By E. S. PRIOR. With 340 Illustrations,
mostly Drawn by & ('. BOB8LST.
"Mr. Prior has expounded his news with much ability.
He evidently has expended his best effortd upon
production, and those who wish to learn from so enthusi-
astic a teacher will do well to add bis \olume to their
library." — Buildiny Newt.
Imperial 8vo, 11. lis. 6tf. net.
THE BOOK OF SUN-DIALS.
Originally Compiled by the late Mrs. ALFRED
GATTY. Fourth Edition. Enlarged and Re-edited by
H. K. F. EDEN and ELEANOR LLOYD. With a
Chapter on Portable Dials bv LEWLS EVANS
andoneon Dial Construction by WIGHAM RICHARD-
SOX. With 208 Illustrations.
"Mr. Gatty's book is a mine of information on every-
thing connected with the sun-dial. "—Manchester Guardian.
Imperial 16mo, 10#. W. net.
DECORATIVE HERALDRY. A
Practical Handbook of its Artistic Treatment. By
G. W. EVE. With 202 Illustrations.
Small 4 to, 10*. W. net.
LIGHT AND WATER. An Essay
on Refleiion and Colour in River, Lake, and >ea. By
Sir MONTAGU POLLOCK, Bart With 39 Photo-
graphic Illustrations and numerous Diagrams.
"Should be in the hands of everyone who paints from
nature."— Alfred Fast, A.R.A.
Post Svo, 6*\ net.
THE TREATMENT OF DRAPERY
IN ART. By GL rVOOLLI3CBOFT RHEAD, RE.
A.R.C.A.Lond. With over 50 Diagrams and Drawings
in Line by the Author, and 8! Half-Tone Illustrations.
"The book should be in e»ery art amateurs library, and
it will also capably minister to the needs of the practical
student of art, — Liverpool Courier.
Medium svo, 10*. Bet net.
IDEALS IN ART: Papers Theoretical,
Practical, Critical. By WALTER CRANK. With
Title-Page. End-Papers, and Cover Designed by the
Author and numerous Illustrations.
"They tell in a truly graphic manner the story of the
modern reform in Deeorative Art in which their author had
so large a share, and define in a masterly way the ideals
that should inspire the craftsman and the employer for
whom he works. — Stiniio.
NEW VOLUME OF THE
ART GALLERIES OF EUROPE.
With numerous Illustrations, crown 8vo. 64 net.
THE ART OF THE VENICE
U VDEMY. By MARY KMOIIT POTTER
London: GEORGE BELL i BONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn. \Y.(_'.
N°4089, March 10, 1906 THE ATHEN^UM 309
CHATTO &JV\nNmJS^J5EW BOOKS.
THE COLLECTED LIBRARY EDITION OF
MR. SWINBURNE'S TRAGEDIES, in five crown 8vo volumes, bound in buckram, with gilt tops,
is now complete. Price 30$. net for the five volumes.
ALSO, UNIFORM, A SECOND IMPRESSION OF THE COLLECTED LIBRARY EDITION OF
MR. SWINBURNE'S POETICAL WORKS, in six crown 8vo volumes. Price 36s. net for the six
volumes.
Also, in crown 8vo, buckram, gilt top, 6s. net, a THIRD IMPRESSION of
LOVE'S CROSS-CURRENTS : a Year's Letters. By Algernon Charles Swinburne.
In Pocket size (pott 8vo), cloth, gilt top, 2s. net. ; leather, gilt top, 3s. net.
THE POCKET GEORGE MAC DONALD. Being a Choice of Passages from his Works, made by
ALFRED H. HYATT. Uniform with THE POCKET R. L. S. and THE POCKET RICHARD JEFFERIES.
"A dainty little volume, containing a selection of passages illustrative of the wise, genial, and elevating philosophy of the dead poet and novelist. Mr. Hyatt has"chosen well
from among the many-huedand sweet-scented products of Mac Donald's genius."— Glasgow Herald.
Crown 8vo, cloth, 7s. Qd. net.
THE ROMANCE OF THE SOUTH SEAS. By Clement L. Wragge, F.R.G.S. With 84 Illustrations.
" Well informed, gossipy, and light It is so animated, so fresh, and so well illustrated, that it will both inform and interest every one curious as to the present state and
prospects of the islands in the South Seas." — Scotsman.
"Will fascinate. Mr. Wragge has a wonderfully observant eye, and can render his impressions convincing Humour and pathos are excellently mingled Deeply impressive,''
Morning Leader.
Crown 8vo, cloth, 65. net.
LITERARY RAMBLES IN THE WEST OF ENGLAND. By Arthur L. Salmon. With a
Frontispiece.
NEW SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
IN THE ROARING FIFTIES. By Edward Dyson, Author of ' The Gold-Stealers.'
MARA : a Study of an Unconventional Woman. By Chris Healy, Author of ' Heirs of Reuben.'
[March 15.
- Tr. Healv w
somewhat unlucky "with his workshop novel, 'The Endless Heritage^' last spring, which appeared a year before the great Labour revival. One of its chief interests is the fact that it'is
" In a few days Messrs. Chatto & Windus will issue 'Mara,' by Mr. Chris Healy, whose 'Confessions of a Journalist' was well noticed a"couple of seasons ago. Mr. Healv was
"tage,' last spring, which appeared a year before the great Labour revival. One of its chief interests is the fact that it is
A MENDER OF NETS. By William Mackay, Author of ' The Popular Idol.' rjw^
LOVE AND LORDSHIP. By Florence Warden, Author of 'The House on the Marsh.' [#■«„**?.
HUGO : a Fantasia on Modern Themes. By Arnold Bennett, Author of ' The GranOabylon Hotel/
"A clever story, breathlessly exciting, and up to date to the last degree — There are plenty of emergencies in Mr. Bennett's ingenious plot, which'never for a moment looseni ita.
grip of the reader's amused attention The author has told his tale with marked ease and success, and will assuredly reap the reward of popularity."— Globe. "oseus n»
NATURE'S VAGABOND, &c. By Cosmo Hamilton, Author of ' Duke's Son,' &c.
"Mr. Cosmo Hamilton writes with the air of one to whom writing is a relaxation, and sets his persons upon the stage because their good points and their bad Doint- th t
seriousness and their frivolity, their antics and their aspirations, are all living and delightful to his mind, and for their own sake deserve chronicling. Therefore these nelsons q re ua
excellent company for the reader as they were for the writer himself. In ' Nature's Vagabond ' he portrays a hero whom everybody in the story dotes on almost to foolishness llth!
yet exercises an equal fascination over the reader." — Manchester Guardian. ' Kl "°
FOR LIFE— AND AFTER. By George R. Sims (" Dagonet "). Second Impression now printing.
" Mr. George B. Sims has never done better than in ' For Life— and After,' never, never done better A most remarkable popular melodrama From the very first moo vr*
have a pleasurable sensation of thrilling excitement to come, and we are not disappointed — Every page has one of those imperishable cliches which adorn the DOOuIar novelist rs 0^
and every young novelist who wishes to become popular should study the art of this book under the microscope.' — Speaker. ' ' "uien. 1 s air,
THE FREEMASONS : a Novel of the Craft. By L. S. Gibsou. Second Impression.
"One of the best of recent novels is 'The Freemasons.' — It is a book that would seem to hold by the lightest of chains.'yet it does hold so much has it'of huimn intere^ f
nee, of gentle humour of an order fully sympathetic, appreciation of the failures and everyday needs of man— and woman The story is really good and Kite ("1 , ;■ ■'
Charming woman, with whom it is a liberal education to make acquaintance ; while all the other people are truthfully, lightly, andjpieasantly presented."— T. P.'s Wcckli/ ^u' ls :v
NEW VOLUMES OF THE 8T. MARTIN'S LIBRARY.
IMMEDIATELY, pott 8vo, cloth, gilt top, 2ft net per vol. ; leather, gilt edges, 8ft net per vol.
TAINE'S HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. Translated by H. van Laun. A New
IMPRESSION in 4 Pocket Size Volumes, with 32 Portraits.
POPULAR 8IXPENNY COPYRIGHT NOVELS.
Till; FOLLOWING EIGHT ADDITIONS TO THE SERIES ARE NOW IN COURSE OF PIBLICATIOX :-
THE GRAND BABYLON HOTEL. By Arnold Bra nktt.
MADAME SANS -GENE. By E. Lkif.m.etier.
EVE. Pys. Puns,. .<.,., 11..
THE DOUBLE MARRIAGE. By Charles Reads.
ARIADNE. ByOcnu. FETTERED FOR LIFE. By Frank BArrbot.
BEYOND THE PALE. By B. M. Cb er THE MONKS OF THELEMA. Bj BasANTand Rice.
London: CHATTO & WINDUS, 111, St. Martin's Lane, W.C.
:no
THE ATHENJEUM
N°4089, MiBca 1". 1906
THEDELAMOREPRESS.
THE
HEART
OF
A
GARDEN.
DV
ROSAMUND
MARRIOTT
WATSON.
Royal 8vo, 7«. Cd.
net
Numerous Plato*.
" For garden loren anfltt— •
tianably 11 thing <>f iMiuity."
Mimrht ttt r ( 'our<> r.
"A gam of literature a Joy
fur aver. "-- Daily Mail.
"This k.iIIv exqnuite cycle of
garden woru-piotai
World.
•* Her observation is honest and
pei BonaL"
ManchutU r Guardian.
" One of the prettiest books we
have seen for many B day. The
writer loves the birds as few
do." — Athena urn.
THE HEART OF A GARDEN.
NOW READY.
Profusely illustrated, demy Svo, gilt top, \0s. 6d. net.
A MANUAL OF COSTUME,
AS ILLUSTRATED BY
MONUMENTAL BRASSES.
By HERBERT DRUITT.
Indispensable Handbook for all interested in Brasses and
Costume and Medieval Archaeology.
GERMAN FOR SCIENCE STUDENTS,
With Diagrams Illustrating Scientific Instruments, Ac.
Square Svo, 2*. <kt. net.
A FIRST GERMAN COURSE
FOR SCIENCE STUDENTS.
By Prof. H. G. FIEDLER and F. E. SANDBACH
(Of Birmingham University).
[Next uveh.
DE LA MORE PRESS QUARTOS.
NEW VOLUME
THE BEGGAR'S OPERA.
By JOHN GAY.
Edited by HAMILTON McLEOD.
.Hand-made Paper, Limited Issue, 7*. 6d. net ; Japanese
Vellum (Fifty Copies), 21s. [Next week.
»
LIBRARY OF LITUROIOLOGY AXD
ECCLESIOLOGY.
NEW VOLUME. 7*. 6rf. net.
ECCLESIOLOGICAL ESSAYS.
By J. WICKHAM LEGG, F.S.A.
With many Illustrations.
Prospectus of the Library on application.
NOTES ON SHIPBUILDING
AND NAUTICAL TERMS
OF OLD IN THE NORTH.
By EIRIKR MAGNUSSON.
Demy 8vo, 1&
SHIPS
AND
NEW EDITION, Revised,
Corrected, and Eidarged.
liv
COMMANDER DOWLINO,
SHIPPING. Pref:l" FA^r!FA?R.5AMSAY-
With Six Coloured Plate! and many Illustrations and
Map, small square Svo, 3*. ml
**One of the most complete little manuals of tlie sea and
the sea services we have seen."— Lloyd's yens.
A complete List of the DE LA MORE Publications, includiiuj
THE KING'S CLASSICS, on application.
ALEXANDER MORING, Limited, London,
32, George Street, Hanover Square, W.
Crown Svo, price 3«. G</. net.
THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION
OF FAITH AND THE
THIRTY-NINE ARTICLES OF THE
CHURCH OF ENGLAND:
The Legal, Moral, and Religious Aspects of
Subscription to Them.
BY
JAMES DONALDSON, M.A. LL.D.,
Principal of the University of St. Andrews.
EXPOSITORY TIMES.
"It was a remarkable judgment; this is a remarkable
book upon it. Unanswerable in its argument, so far as we
can see, and without arrest in the sweep of its application.''
REVIEW OF THEOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY.
"The decision of the House of Lords in August, 1904, has
suggested, if not prompted, the publication of Principal
Donaldson's book, but it has been prepared for during a
long and busy life, devoted to learning as student, teacher,
professor, inquiring reader of Christian fathers and brilliant
heathen prophets of a kind who tried to believe in Jove,
and his broad Catholic ideas now descend with authority
from the position of Principal of the oldest of the Scottish
Universities."
SPECTATOR.
"This is a deeply interesting book, dealing with subjects
which are smouldering to-day and may be burning to-
morrow... .Principal Donaldson's suggestions are, he has
warned us, only suggestions, put out to make his readers
think. As such they cannot fail of their purpose, and we
would offer to the writer of so thought-provoking a book
not polemics, but thanks."
ABERDEEN FREE PRESS.
"This remarkable volume by the Principal of the
University of St. Andrews can hardly fail to command the
attention of the public, learned and unlearned alike. Its
conclusions may be contested, and its purport will be
disliked by many ; but its frankness on fundamental
matters and the position of the author — who, besides being
head of a University, is a foremost authority on the history
and literature of Early Christianity— impart to it no
ordinary degree of interest."
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO.,
39, Paternoster Row, London.
In 2 voU. crown'Svo, with 2 Portrait*. 24».
JOHN FRANCIS AND THE 'ATHENAEUM.
fJ A Literary Chronicle of Half a Century.
By JOHN C. FRANCIS.
MACMILLAN & CO. Limited. Lon.lon.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN DISRAELI,
EARL OF BEACONSFIELD, 1820-1892.
MOTES and QUERIES
i-l for APRIL SB, MAY 13, 27, JU2NE 10, 24, and JULY 8, 189.1,
Oontabu ■
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE EARL OF BEACONSFIELD.
This UdndM KKYS to 'VIVIAN QRBT.'
'CONUraSBY,' -LOTHAlK,1 and KNDYMiON.'
Price of the Six Numhero, 2». ; or free by post, 2». 3d.
JOHN C. FRANCIS an.l 3. EI>\VARI> FRANCIS,
Nuttt ami IJiterU* Office, Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.C.
N
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF
THE RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE.
O T E S and QUERIES
for DECEMBER 10 an.l 24, 1892, an.l JANUARY 7 an.l 21, 18OT,
CONTAINS A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MR. GLADSTONE.
Price of the Four Xumlwn, It. ttt. ; or free by VK»t, 1». UJ.
JOHN C. FRANCIS an.l J. EPWARD FRANCIS
N«t(> ami (Jntritt Office, Bream's Bull.linga, Chancery Lane, E.C.
DAVID NUTT,
57-59, LONG ACRE.
.U-I OCT.
FOLK-LORE.
XBAlfSAOBam oi mi POLK LOU
A 0 ii.-i rt«r)y Review of M\tli, Tradition,
Institution, and Custom.
Vol. XVI. No. 4. 5«. net, i*. 4<f. po*t free.
Coi't'iitt.
imnmfi oi mrna June 21. 1
UAVILI NOTES. (With Plates XXVL XXIX). R. E.
DENNETT.
THE LEO END OI MERLIN. M. CASTER.
■| hi: BKLIGIOUfl IDEA- OF THE ARINTA. N. w.
THOMAS.
COLLECTANEA. HotM from South Nigeria. R. E.
DENNETT. Additions to 'The Game* of Arg\h
It. C. MACLAGAN.
CORRESPONDENCE. The Dancing Towers of Italy.
ML PEACOCK, A. OLDKNOW, and C. S. RIRNE.
A Correction. A. B. cook. The Legend of Merlin : a
Postscript ML GARTER. Burial in Effigy. ML PEA-
COCK and C. s. BU&NR Tlie Mock Mayor of Head-
ington. W. H.JEWITT and ('. s. LCRNE. A Bwta
(harm. LUCY E. BROADWOOD.
REVIEWS. Emile Durkheim, 'L'Annee Sociologique.'
E. S. HARTLAND. Salomon Reinach, ' Cul
et Religions.' ALFRED NUTT. J. A. Dulaure, 'Dee
Divinitrs Generatrices.' E s. HARTLAND. N. w.
Thomas, 'Crystal -Gazing.' E. CLODD. Richard
Andree, ' Votive Weihegaben des Katholisc-hen Volks in
Suddeutschland. Paul Ehrenreich. ' Mythen und
Legenden der Sudamerieaiiischen Urv..lker. E. S.
HARTLAND. Nelson Annandale, 'The Faroes and
Iceland.' E. BRABROOK, II. BERNARD, and E. J.
DILLON. 'The Shade of the Balkans.' 'Continental
Folk-lore Societv.' N.W.THOMAS. 'Anthrop.:
queries for South Africa.' E W. BLVDER 'West
Africa before Europe.' N. W. THOMAS
INDEX TO VOL. XVI.
*.* This Number completes Vol. XVI. of FOLK-LORE,
which forms Vol. LVI. of the Publications of the Folk-Lore
Society. For Prospectus of the Society and Free L:
Publications apply to the PUBLISHER
AS AUTHORIZED TO BE USED BY
BEITISH SUBJECTS.
THE
NATIONAL FLAG,
BEING
THE UNION JACK.
COPIES OF
NOTES AND QUERIES
For JUNE 30, 1900.
Can still be had, Is. \d. free by post, con-
taining an Account of the Flag, with
Coloured Illustration according to Scale.
JOHN C. FRANCIS & J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
Xotex and Queries Office, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
N° 4089, March 10, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
311
LONDON LIBRARY,
ST. JAMES'S SQUARE, S.W.
Patron— UTS MAJESTY THE KING. President.— The Right Hon. A. J. BALFOUR, M.P.
Vie* Presidents-The Risht Hon. VISCOUNT GOSCHEN ; FREDERIC HARRISON, Esq.; GEORGE MEREDITH, Esq.
Klcex b ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE, Esq., F.R.S.
Trustees— EARL of ROSEBERY, K.G. ; Right Hon. LORD AVEBURY, F.R.S. ; HENRY YATES THOMPSON, Esq.
Frank T Marzials, C.B., Sir F. Pollock, Bart., Rev. J. H. Rigg, D.D., H. R, Tedder, Esq., Rev. H. Wace, D.D., Sir
Spencer Walpole, K.C.B., A. W. Ward, Esq. Litt.D. LL.D.
The Library contains about 220,000 Volumes of Ancient and Modern Literature, in various Lan-
guages. Subscription, 3/. 3s. a year, with an entrance fee of 1/. Is. ; Life Membership, according to age.
Fifteen Volumes are allowed to Country and Ten to Town Members. Reading-Room Open from Ten to
Half-past Six. The NEW CATALOGUE (1626 pp. 4to, 1903) is now ready, price 21. 2s. ; to Members, 25s.
" One of the most sagacious and judiciously liberal men I have ever known, the late Lord Derby, said there was a
kind of man to whom the best service that could be rendered was to make him a life member of the London Library."
W. E. H. Lecky.
C. T. HAGBERG WRIGHT, LL.D., Secretary and Librarian.
THE SURGICAL AID SOCIETY.
Chief Offices— SALISBURY SQUARE, FLEET STREET, E.G.
Telephone No. : 12282 CENTRAL.
Patron-HIS MAJESTY THE KING.
This Society was established in 1862 to supply Leg Instruments, Spinal Supports,
Trusses, Elastic Stockings, Artificial Limbs, &c, and every other description of
Mechanical Support, to the Poor.
OVER 440 PATIENTS ARE RELIEVED EVERY WEEK.
CONTRIBUTIONS EARNESTLY SOLICITED.
Annual Subscription Of <£0 10 6 ) Entitles to Two Recommendations
Life Subscription Of 5 5 0 I per Annum.
Bankers — Messrs. Barclay <k Co., Ltd., 54, Lombard Street.
RICHARD C. TRESIDDER, Secretary.
TENTH EDITION, price Two Shillings.
CELESTIAL MOTIONS:
A Handy Book of Astronomy.
Tenth Edition. With 3 Plates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.,
Associate of King's College, London ; Lay Reader in the Diocese of Southwark,
Author of ' Remarkable Comets,' ' Remarkable Eclipses,' ' Astronomy for the Young,' &c.
" Well known as one of our best introductions to astronomy." — Guardian.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
EIGHTH EDITION, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
REMARKABLE ECLIPSES:
A Sketch of the most interesting Circumstances connected with the
Observation of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, both in Ancient and Modern Times.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
THIRTEENTH EDITION, JUST OUT, price Sixpence, cloth.
REMARKABLE COMETS:
A Brief Survey of the most interesting Facts in the History of Cometary
Astronomy.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
MR, EDWARD ARNOLD'S
NEW BOOKS.
NEW 6s. NOVELS.
BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE RAMBLING RECTOR.'
THE LADY OF THE WELL.
By ELEANOR ALEXANDER.
[Published to-da>/,
THE HOUSE OF SHADOWS.
By REGINALD J. FARRER (Second Impression).
SCOTSMAN. — " An able and impressive story."
FOLLY.
By EDITH RICKERT.
STANDARD. — "'Folly' is a novel of distinguished
cleverness, there is no doubt about that. It is a poignantly
real study of a highly-strung woman, whose sense of
humour saves her from hysteria The outline of the story-
may incense the unimaginative ; its working out is its best
justification."
A NEW SATIRE BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE
SEETHING POT.'
HYACINTH.
By GEORGE A. BIRMINGHAM.
TRIBUNE.— "Of vivid human interest."
DAILY CHRONICLE.—" Very well worth reading."
MANCHESTER GUARDIAN. — "Here we have an
almost constant vein of satire."
STANDARD. — "A really clever study of a man who is
divided between his strongly romantic love for Ireland and?
his perception of the erudeness, violence, and futility of
those of her supporters witli whom he is thrown."
OUTLOOK. — "Mr. Birmingham has the satirical powers
of the true idealist."
A BOOK ABOUT CHILDREN FOR GROWN-UPS.
CONCERNING PAUL AND
FIAMMETTA.
By L. ALLEN HARKER, Author of 'The Intervention of
the Duke,' &c.
With a Preface by KATE DOUGLAS WIGGIN.
Crown 8vo, 5s.
"THIS INTERESTING VOLUME IS A
TRIUMPH OF IMPRESSIONISM."
Athex.eum.
IN THE DESERT.
By L. MARCH PHILLIPPS, Author of ' With Rimington.'
Demy 8vo, with Illustrations, lis. (Mi. net.
TIMES.— "There are many that go to the desert, but
few are chosen. Mr. March Phillipps is one of the few.
He sees, and can tell us what he has seen; and reading
him, we look through his eyes, and his sympathies are
ours."
SPECTATOR.— "But Mr. Phillipps is no mere impres-
sionist, and behind his charming pictures there is a wealth
of sound and acute political thought, all the more valuable
since it is rarely expressed in the conventional language of
politics."
TRUTH. — "Singularly vivid and fascinating."
THE JENEID OF VIRGIL.
With a Translation by CHARLES J. BILLSON, M.A.
Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
i vols, crown 4to, 80s. net.
MANCHESTER GUARDIAN.— "Mr. BiUson's version
is at once a credit to English scholarship and a contribution
to English literature. To read it is to come within measur-
able distance of appreciating the greatness of VirjriL"
ATI! E\. HUM.— "An elaborate and beautifullv printed
book."
SOME DOGMAS OF RELIGION.
By JOHN ELLIS McTAGGART, Litt.D.,
Lecturer in Moral Sciences, Trinity College, Cambridge.
Deun Bvo, LOfi, ('«'. net.
SCOTSMAN.— ''Mr. McTaggart writes on metaphysics
and theology with a crispness and directness which might
turn most of his brother-philosophers green with envy."
LINGUA MATERNA.
By K. WILSON B.A.,
Author of ' A First Course in English Analysis and
Qrammar,' Ac. Crown Ivo, St. fid,
GUARDIAN.—"' Lingua Materna' is among the ablest,
most thoughtful, and dignified works on the theory and
practice Of teaching English that we have jcl seen."
London : EDWARD AKN'OI. I), 41 end 43, Maddox
Street, \Y.
312 THE ATIIKXiEUM X' l'»s!i Makoi 10, 1906
NEW EDITION.
MRS. BEETONS BOOK OF HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT.
7s. 6d. net.
ot'Kh'.S'. " Ban on r.ulli this book, willi Its worn hi fill variety of informal ion, which comprises almost everything n woman needs to know in bar household, from the kit. hen
onwards, can be produced at the price asked for this marvellous encyclopaedia of household < matter of wonder, li i> a book which should take an honoured place in tM-ry
housekeeper*! library."
MRS. BEETONS BOOK OF HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT.
7s. 6d. net.
V.I DAMS.—" ' What is Home without a Mother . ' is a question easily answered in comparison with ' What is Home witlioul Mrs. Bee ton's Book of Household Management I ' —
that unfailing source of Illimitable wisdom.'1
MRS. BEETONS BOOK OF HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT.
7s. 6d. net.
90H00LMASTMJL—"Wa»dvimuli housekeepers, old and young, to provide themselves with a copy of the new edition, and every bride should number amongst bee wedding
MiemillH this wonderful treasury of household management."
NEW FICTION.
FIRST IT WAS ORDAINED. 6s.
By (iUY THORNE, Author of 'When it was Dark,' 'The Lost Cause,' &c.
Dt'SDEE AnyBKPTSKR. — "That Mr. Guy Thome's new and brilliantly written story will create a sensation there can be no doubt. The story is full of incident of an almost
«qua] power, and its constantly animated crowd of characters keeps the attention of the reader fixed on differently interesting phases of human nature that repel or win one. Truly an
astounding bale."
LLOYD'S NEWS.—" Mr. Guy Thome made a great sensation with his novels ' When it was Dark ' and ' A Lost Cau.se.' He is likely to make a much bigger one with his latest
book ' First it was Ordained.' The "theme is daring. The treatment of it is admirable. We are bound to say that this is Mr. Thome's best book."
THE WEIGHT OF THE CROWN. 6s.
By FRED M- WHITE, Author of 'The Crimson Blind,' 'The Cardinal Moth,' &e.
Dl'BLIS DAILY EXPRESS.— "Mr. F. M. White is one of the princes ef fiction. A stirring tale, full of the spice of adventure, breathless in interest, skilful in narrative....
Who could refrain from reading such a story .- "
THE GIRL IN WAITING. 6s.
By ARCHIBALD EYRE, Author of 'The Trifler,' 'The Custodian,' &c.
DAILY MAIL.—" This is quite a delightful book, a most enjoyable comedy, which must be read to be appreciated. We can cordially recommend it."
HEMMING, THE ADVENTURER. 6s.
By THEODORE ROBERTS.
M0RS1SG LEADER.—" ' Hemming, the Adventurer,' should win many readers ; it cannot be laid aside when once the first page is passed."
A PRINCE IN THE GARRET. 6s.
By A. C. GUNTER, Author of ' Mr. Barnes of New York,' ' Mr. Potter of Texas,' &c.
MANCHESTER COURIER.—" It is certain of many readers, and will hold every one of them from first to last."
THE MISTAKES OF MISS MANISTY. 6s.
By ASHTON HILLIERS.
A romance of society life of the type that Hawley Smart achieved such extraordinary success with. While this story is as striking as anything Hawley Smart ever wrote, it is
written with a literary power that that writer never possessed.
MARK MATURIN, PARSON. 6s.
By F. COWLEY WHITEHOUSE.
LLOYD'S SEWS.—" Most excellent and amusing. Mr. Whitehouse combines a bright, breezy style with a most refreshing sense of humour.'
PELICAN.—" Full of interest from start to finish."
THE MAN WITH THE OPALS. 6s.
By ALFRED WILSON-BARRETT and AUSTIN FRYERS.
A powerful adventure story, full of stirring incident, and as breathlessly exciting as the most exacting reader could desire.
P I L K I N G T 0 N. 3s. 6d.
By WILLIAM CAINE.
■"A story by a new writer, full of rollicking humour."
READY ON FRIDAY NEXT.
THAT PREPOSTEROUS WILL. 6s.
By L. G. MOBERLEY.
.Mi" L <i. Moberley is one of the most popular writers of domestic stories, and every month several of the leading magazines contain -tories from her pen A big popular
SUCCese should attend the publication Of the new story, which is as fascinating and enthralling in its way as ' Bast l.vnne" or ' Lady Audley's Secret.'
WARD, LOCK & CO., Limited, Salisbury Square, London, E.C.
Editorial Communications should bo addressed to "TIIK EDITOR"— Advertisement* and Business Letters to "THE PUBLISHERS '—at the Office. Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane. E.C.
Publishc 1 Weekly by JOIIN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS at Bream's BnOdinfB, "*T Lou-. EC. and Printed by J. EDWARD FRANCIS. Athenaeum Press, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.O.
Agents for Scotland, Messrs. BELL & BKADi'UTE and Mr. JOHN MENZIES, Edinburgh.— Saturday, March 10. 1906.
THE ATHEN^UM
Imtrmd of (Snglisb ani JFnrrign literature &riente, tfo T™ &fc ffxaat attb tl» Brama-
No. 4090.
SATURDAY, MARCH 17, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
tomtits.
ROYAI/INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN,
ALBEMARLE STREET, PICCADILLY, W.
TUESDAY NEXT, March -2U. at 5 o'clock, JOHN EDWARD
MARK Esq.. MA. Sc.D. F.K.S.. FIRST of THREE LECTl RES on
•THE INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGY u.\ SCENERY.' iThe Tyndall
Lectures.) Half-a-Guinea the Course.
THURSDAY, March -22, at 5 o'clock, Prof. BERTRAM HOPKIN-
SON. M.A. B.Sc. M.Inst I.E.. FIRST of THREE LECTURES on
- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.' (With Exiwriinental
Illustrations.) Haifa-Guinea.
Subscription to all the Courses in the Season, Two Guineas.
BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION,
11 SACKVILLE STREET. W. -MEETING MARCH 21, at
8 P.a, The following Paper will 1* read: — "A DELEGATES
V < olNTOFTKE ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONGRESS AT ATHENS,'
bj the Rev. H. CART, M.A., with Lantern Illustrations.
GEO. PATRICK. Hon. See.
THE FOLK-LORE SOCIETY.— The NEXT
MEETING will he held at 22, ALBEMARLE STREET, PICCA-
DILLY, on WEDNESDAY, March 21, at 8 p.m., when a Paper by the
Rev. J. MEHAX, entitled ■ ELF-SHOOTIXG AND ITS TREAT-
MENT IN THE NORTH-WEST OF IRELAND.' will l>e read by
Mr. M. LONGWORTH DAMES. Some Notes on 'CAIREM FOLK-
LORE, by Prof. SAYCE, will also be read.
F. A. MILNE, Secretary.
11, Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
March 12, l'J06.
LENT, 190C.
EY E R Y M A N, The Old Morality Plav.
\s produced bv the ELIZABETHAN STAGE SOCIETY, under
the personal direction of Mr. WILLIAM POEL. CORONET
THEATRE. Notting Hill. March 22 and 2S. at .! ; CAMDEN
THEATRE. SATURDAY AFTERNOON. March 17: KENNINGTON.
March 21 and 81 . FULHAM. March :»•. BROADWAY THEATRE,
S.E., March 30. Scats may now be Ixioked at all the Theatres and all
Libraries.
0
(Bsljibittons.
BACH & CO. 108, New Bond Street, W.
The Bight Hon. Sir JOITN C DAY'S COLLECTION.
Third Part: DITCH WATER COLOURS.
NOW ON YIEW.
ROYAL SOCIETY OF PAINTER-ETCHERS
AND ENGRAVER-:. SA, Pal] Mall, 8.W. 24th ANNUAL
EXHIBITION NOW OPEN, DAILY, 10-6. Admission is.
W. P. D. STERLING, Secretary.
MASTERPIECES by DURER, MERYON,
SEYMOUR BADEN, and WHISTLER.
EXHIBITION Now ol'EN at MR. R. GVTEKUXST'S,
16, King Street, St. James's, S.W., 10->>. Is.
EXHIBITION of FLOWERS by MODERN
FLOWER PAINTERS, and WATER ( oI.oURS by VIGNOLES
FISHER. NOW OPEN. 10-6. -THE BAILLIE GALLERY, 64, Baker
W.
CITY AND COUNTY OF NEWCASTLE-
UPON-TYNE.
LAINQ ART GALLERY AND MUSEUM.
SPECIAL LOAN EXHIBITION OP WORKS BY T. M.
RICHARDSON, SEN., *c
p-A SPECIAL EXHIBITION ,.:' WoRKS by T. M. RICHARDSON,
:\ M. RICHARDSON, .Inn., and oTllER MEMBERS of the
RICHARDSON FAMILY, will OPEN in MAY. The Committee trust
that Owner* will a-^ist in forming an important Record of the Works of
these Artists, by contributing Examples in their ]«is.-essi<m. Expenses
Of Transit. Insurance, fcc, will !»■ defrayed. Particulars may be
d from the Curator. Mr. C. BERNARD STEVENSON.
T
Iprobzbcnt Institutions.
HE BOOKSELLERS' PRO VI DENT
INSTITUTION.
Founded 1837.
P.tron- HER MAJESTY QUEEN ALEXANDRA.
hi\. tted Capital, .;n,oonr.
A UNIQUE I N V E s T M E N T
Offered to London Dooksi Uera and their Assistants.
A young man ov woman of twenty-fire can invest the sum of Twenty
Guineas tor Its equivalent t>> Instalments), and obtain the right to
participate In the following advantages :—
FIRST. Freedom bom want In time «f Adversity as long as need
'. xisl-.
SECOND. Permanent Reli< fin Old lee.
THIRD Midi. 1 \< 1 » i, • hj eminent Physicians and 8urgeons.
FOURTH. \ Cottage in the Couutrj (Abbots Lnngley, Hertford-
shir* for aged Members, with garden produce, coal, and medical
attendance free, in addition to an annuity.
FIFTH A furnished house in the same Betreal at Abbot* Langley
for the use "f Members and their families for holidays or during
conrnlcm ' "' e
SIXTH. A i ontributlon towards Funeral expenses when it is needed.
SEVENTH. All tin m are available not for Members only, but aim
fi.i tliiiv wive* or widows and young children,
i h.HTII. The payment ot the subscription! confer! in
1 ight !•> tie *•■' I* in tit - In nil cs
further Information applj to the Secretary Mn. GEORGE
LARNER. 28, lii in Row. L.C
(Ebitcational.
TBE DOWN'S SCHOOL, SEAFORD, SUSSEX.
It. i Mistress Mi-- I.li V ROBINSON, M.A. late Second Mis-
St. Felix Si ho.. I. So nli i,,al 0{
I I College, Loudon; Thu Matt ro I'eteil bridge.
piVIL SERVICE COMMISSION. — FORTH-
\J COMING EXAMINATION. - ASSISTANT EXAMINERS in
the PATENT OFFICE (20-3SI. APRIL 5.— The date specified is the
Litest at which applications ran he received. Thev must be made on
Forms to be obtained, with particulars, from the SECRETARY, Civil
Service Commission, Burlington Gardens, London, W.
S- T. PAUL'S GIRLS' SCHOOL,
BROOK GREEN, W.
An EXAMINATION for FOUNDATION SCHOLARSHIPS, open
to Girls under 1<> years of ase, will tie held at the SCHOOL on
APRIL :!, 4. and 5. These Scholarships exempt the holders from
the payment of Tuition Fees.— Further particulars may be obtained
from the HEAD MISTRESS at the School.
OT. PAUL'S SCHOOL, WEST KENSINGTON.
An EXAMINATION will be held at the above School on
TUESDAY tpril :s. wot), and on the Following Days, for FILLING
UP ABOUT SEVEN VACANCIES on the FOUNDATION.
Full particulars can be obtained on application to the P.l RsAR.
FOLKESTONE. — WOODLANDS PREPARA-
TORY SCHOOL. Individual Teaching.— Rev. H. T. .1. COGGIN,
M.A.Cantab., formerly House - Master, University College School,
London.
IplHURCH EDUCATION CORPORATION.
CHERWELL HALL, OXFORD.
Training College for Women Secondary Teachers. Principal, Miss
CATHERINE I. DODD. M.A., late Lecturer in Education at the
University of Manchester. ,
Students are prepared for the Oxford Teacher's Diploma, the
Cambridge Teachers Certificate, the Teacher's Diploma of the
University of London, and the Higher Froebel Certificate.
Full particulars on application.
A FRENCH LADY, residing in a beautiful and
healthv part of Normandy, wishes to RECEIVE a FEW
YOUNG ENGLISH GIRLS desirous of learning French during the
Summer Mouths i April to October). Family life, every comfort, and
exceptional advantages. Terms, inclusive of Tuition. -Ji Guineas per
Week— Address : Madame RAOl'L DU BU1SSON. chateau flu
Bolsgeloup, pres Gisors, Eure ; or for reference to Mrs. I. r.
FREEMAN, Abbotsfield, Tavistock, South Devon.
GOTHA, GERMANY.— Comfortable and refined
HOME for GIRLS and LADIES, also small BOYS, in the
house of Fraulein METZEROTH (Diploma), 13. Waltershauscrstr..
Gotha. Recommended by first class English Families. Exceptional
Educational Advantages: Languages, Susie, opportunity to learn
German perfectly. Terms, 4/. 10s. per month.
TO OFFICERS of the INDIAN ARMY on
FURLOUGH.-A LADY takes ENTIRE CHARGE of n FEW
CHILDREN in her comfortable house near London. The Children
receive most Liberal Treatment, combined with thorough Educational
Advantages. This opportunity is strongly recommended to Parents
leaving England. Write Box 1096, Athemenm Press, 13, Breams
Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
EDUCATION (choice of Schools and Tutors
Gratis).— Prospectuses of English and Continental Schools, and
of successful Army, Civil Service, and University Tutors, sent Ifree of
charge) on receipt of requirements by GRIFFITHS. Minn,
POWELL & SMITH, School Ageuts (established IS*;', 34, Bedford
Street, Strand. W.C.
I EDUCATION. — PROSPECTUSES and parti-
Id Hilars of SCHOOLS for BOYS and GIRLS
in ENGLAND and ABROAD
supplied to Parents free of charge. State full requirements.
UNIVERSITY SCHOLASTIC AGENCY, 122, Regent Street, Loudon.
Establish.,! -
I EDUCATION.
-i Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are invited to call upon or send tullv detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GAllRITAS. TURING & CO.,
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free ol charge, is given by Mr. TURING. Nephew of the
late Head Master oi Uppingham, ::i. Sackvillc Street. London, W.
Situations itarant.
T 1BRARIANTOTHE SOCIETY OF WRITERS
_Li TO HIS MA.IF.STYS SIGNET.
The office of LIBRARIAN to the SOCIETY of WRITER to HIS
MA.M'STV s SIGNET, recently held by the late Mr. John Philip
Edmund, being NOW vacant, applications for the Office, accom-
panied by twenty five copies of Testimonials, may lie made, on or
before MARCH 20, I!"*, to JAMES II. NOTMAN, Writer to the
Signet, 15, York Place. Edinburgh, Clerk to the Society, from whuui
any further information may lie obtained.
February 10. lilOfi. '
TIT* ANTED, ■ bright, intelliymj BOY for
II PUBLISHER 8 OFFICE. One with ■ knowledge of Short-
hand preferred.— Ipply A. ('.. SO, Cecil Court, Charing Cross Road.
Situations (K'lantro.
1 din (aged 21) seeks RE-ENGAGEMENT as
I J PRIVATE SECRETARY Good Correspondent and Write!
Five and ■ half years with an Author.— Addrest Mist AMV BAUM,
it. Karl) i Place, Brighton.
A
N active YOUNG MAN (28) requires
SITUATION u PUBLISHERS 01 BOOKSELLER'S IBSIS
TANT. Can supply good references.— T., B> Frees,
I ream's Builuu bane, KG,
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
FRANCE.-The ATHENEUM can be
obtained at the following Railway Stations
in France:—
AMIENS. ANTIRF.S. r.E AULIEU -SCR-MER. BIARRITZ. ROR-
DEAIX, BOULOGNE, CALAIS, CANNES, DIJON. DUNKIRK.
GENEVA, GOLFE-JUAN, HAVRE. HYERES. JUAN l.ES PINS.
LILLE. LYONS, MARSEILLES. MENTONE, MONACO, MONTE
CARLO, NANTES, NICE, PARIS .Est, Nord. Lyon), PAU, ROUEN,
SAINT RAPHAEL. TOULON, TOURS.
PARIS: W. H. SMITH & SON. 948, Rue de Rivoli ; aud at the
G W.IGNANI LIBRARY. 2S4. Hue de Rivoli.
ANGLO -GERMAN (State Diploma) desires
NON-RESIDENT POST in SCHOOL or FAMILY, in or near
town. Good Disciplinarian: very successful with Roys. English,
German. French, Music, Elementary Latin.— Misa PXA W, Brauejajn
House, Edward Street, S.W.
\S COURIER or TRAVELLING
J\- COMPANION.— YOUNG ENGLISH LADY, speaking French.
German, and Italian, seeks RE-ENGAGEMENT. Capable and
Experienced Organiser. Companionable, Bright, Energetic MusjoaL
Would undertake care of delicate Lady. Excellent references.—
Mi^ E.. Hi. Georjre Street. Hanover Spuarc, \V. Telephone 6006 Gcrrard.
TO EDITORS.— HORTICULTURAL WRITER
desires COMMUNICATION. Bright, seasonable Notes, Illus-
trations, Answers to Correspondents, &c. Terms moderate.— Tern.
Address, J. H., (iT, Qartington Road. Southend.
LADY
Fre
Atlien
SECRETARY desires RE-ENGAGE-
i MENT. Expert Stenographer and Typist Good knowledge of
men, some German and Spanish. Nine years reference.— Box 1095,
herunum Press. 13, Breams Buildings, chancery Line. E.C.
ADVERTISER, having thoroughly practical
knowledge of all details of the Business, seeks }».-itinn as
MANAGER or CHIEF ASSISTANT in PUBLISHER'S OFFICE.
Smart and energetic: Excellent Testimonials.— Box 1096, Athenaum
Press. 13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Line. E.C.
GENTLEMAN, middle-aged, good References,
Character, and Attainments, seeks SALARIED APPOINT-
MENT Literary ability, Borne Press and Business experience, fair
classic. Linguist, wide knowledge Literature.— Address BMERGAM,
Rox 1097, Atheiia'uiu Press, 13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Line, E.C.
FINE ART EXPERT.— A YOUNG MAN who
lias Ih-cii for three yean in business as a Fine Art Dealer on his
own account in Pall Mall, wishes to obtain a place as SALESMAN, or
in any other capacity i" a FINE ART or FURNITURE BUSINESS
llxmdon preferred). Has an intimate acquaintance with Pictures,
Drawings, and Engravings of all Schools and Periods, and with old
Furniture, both English and French, and some kn.o»lc.lcc of china
and Bric-a-Rrac lie is prepared to isiy a commission of SO per cent,
of his first yew e salary to anyone whose introduction obtains him
such a situation.— Reply by letter, in first instance, to JOHN J.
BAKER, 25, Momington Crescent, London, N.W.
TRANSLATION, Revision, Research. Reviewing,
Indexing. Bncyclopsedic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Non Resident Secretaryship. Classics. French. German. Italian,
^- .- ». » i. .<...-.,.. i;.v,. v,i c,ii.i»,'t«- Mviholrtm- :m,l Literature.
W.
.imriil'Miiiiii ,-,,111.11.1.-11.,'. ^ ,...-.
Spanish Anglo-Saxon. Special subjects : Mythology and Literati
Varied experience. Moderate terms.— M iss SELI1Y. 53, Talbot Road,
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials.— A It.. P.ox lOo-J, Athemeum Press, 13, Bream's Ruild-
ings, Chancery Lane, 10. c.
MANUSCRIPT COPIED in ENGLISH,
FRENCH, and GERM AN. Neatly and Ac, unit. 1\ , bj highly
educated Lidy. Moderate Terms. — Address Miss MALLESON, The
Hampton Court.
iHisrrllanrous.
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK and INDEXING.- Apply MlSS FETHERRRI DGE .Nat.
Sci. Tri|ios', .VJ*. Conduit Street, Bond Street, Loudon, W.
QOUND INVESTMENT.— FOR SALE, at par,
k3 .vm El fully paid SHARES in well-known PUBLISHING CO.
Dividends last twehe years, 8 pel cent per annum —Address Mr. J.
LEDERREY, 48, bombard street. London. B C
©upr-violnttrs.
TYPE-WRIT] N( I . Hi/, per 1 ,000 words. —PLAY S.
NOVELS, ESSAYS, Ac, with promptitude and a< i
Copies a s|..-. iality. Highest references.- M. KING. 7, Corona Villa*,
Pinner Road, Harrow.
TYPE W l: III M I undertaken by highly educated
Women (Claasii d Tripos; Cambeidge EDEghei i- d; Modem
lianguagesl Rosearch, Rcrision, Translation, Dictation Room.—
UIRR1DQE rYPEWRITING AGENCY, 10, Duke Street
Idelphl, W.C
\ UTHORS'MSS., NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
• \ l^sws TYPE-WRITTEN «itli eomtJeb per
. oi-ds i b in < .iii». n i • i well-
known Writ UlT, Thirlliank, RozboroughRa I
314
THE ATIIKNjEUM
N 1090, March 17, 1906
MUDIE S LIBRARY
(LIMITED),
30-34, NEW OXFORD STREET,
LONDON.
STOCK-TAKING
SALE.
MESSRS. MUDIE are offering
for Sale from MARCH 5 until
MARCH 17, a LARGE STOCK
of SECOND-HAND LIBRARY
BOOKS, and MISCELLANEOUS
STANDARD WORKS in
VARIOUS BINDINGS, CLOTH
and LEATHER, at SPECIAL RE-
DUCTIONS. List on application.
A UTHORS' MSS., M. per 1,000 words.
A SFR1I0N3 PLAYS. ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPED at home' (Remington). Good paper. Orders promptly exe-
cuted -M L. L., 7. Vernon Road ; now known as 18. Edgeley Road,
Clapham, S.W.
THE COOPERATIVE TYPE-WRITERS, Ltd.
(COPARTNERSHIP SOCIETY).
CECIL HOUSE, 116, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C.
(Over Messrs. Lilley & Skinner's.)
SHORTHAND, TYPING. DUPLICATING, TRANSLATING,
A limited number of Pupils token.
•• I ivinc Wa« " Little overtime. No work given out. Offices well
ight«l aid h«,lthy. MSS. kept in fireproof safe. Efncieut Staff.
mYPE-WRITING.-MSS., SCIENTIFIC, and
„« ..u Ti«.H„Hons COPIED. Special attention to work
iluirt J " Sn Roimi (Shorthand or Type-Writing).
Vsu.r^n^-Misses E B. and I. PARRAN. Do.imgton House, ft.
Norfolk Sueet, Strand, London. ^
A UTHORS' MSsTTaRTICLES, &c, neatly and
A. accurately TYPE-WRITTEN by experienced I Typists < IM. per
loon Highes! •references. DupUcattog. Shorthand.-* . k b.
KA>TK¥ ■ » Cloiimore Street. Southficlds, vl andsworth. S.W .
T
Y P E
WRITERS.
ihtuspnptr Agents.
C1 MITCHELL i 00., Agent* for the Bale and
. i-.. ,i f \.» ndarteke Valuations to
|'|..l«|. . I'lircllMI llltl »lfgaUoSll :U1.| An.lll ••( A' • ■»I>1«-. «• CM
„f Tarma • ••• ipplic •"•"(
Mitchell House, i and-.', Boon »ili. Holborn Vladoet, l
TAYLOR'S. Lti... 74. CHANCERY LANE.
PI'Y SELL EXCHANGE, REPAIR, AND HIRE OUT ALL
BUT, m-.ll. iffiffi^Qi xYPBWMTERfl.
Document- Copied. Remington! from IL ; Smith's Premiers, No. 4.
Uocum<m- ' io; ios. illustrated Catalogue free.
TAYLOR'S TYPEWRITER CO., Lti..,
M Chancer? Uie, and O, ftneen Street. Cheapride.
Tele, holes 1881 Holborn and BMB Rink. Omtncton to His
IWeWa^TeSment! Telegram.. Glossator, London, BrtaWi»ned
1884.
JVutljars' Agents.
rpHB AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
_L The interests of Authors capably Jfepreeented. AgroemenUto
Publishing arranged. U8S. placed with Publishore.--Tenus and l.sU-
moiu.Jsl.napplio.tion to Mr. A. M. 1URG11E8. 34. Paternoster Row
EL GEORGE LARNER, Accountant and
Hfwnwwl Valuer to the H uelling, Publishing, Newspaper,
Printing, and Stationery Trades. Partnerships Arranged, Balance
Bluets and TraHirut Accounts Prepared and Audited. All business
carried out undoi Mi. Lurnpr's personal supervision. 98, ■■?}, and SO,
i rooster Row, E.C., Secretory to the Booksellers' Provident
In-Ill' ■
M
V B ws PA PER PRO I' B RTI ES
.Ll BOUGHT BOLD. VALUED. AMD SUPPLIED WITH
EVERY RKO.UIH1TK
Tlie L 'iidi.n Agency c.f an additional limited number of Prorun i«i
and Colonial Newspapers can )«. undertaken.
Full |«.rtic id:ir» from
THE IMPERIAL NEWS AUKM V.
I and •». Tucb.r Street, London, E.c.
fltatalo0uts.
I
LEIGHTON'S
LLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of EARLY
PRINTED and other INTERESTING BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS,
and BINDINGS.
OFFERED FOR SALE BY
J. & J. LEIGHTOX, 40, Brewer Street, Golden Square, W.
Thick 8vo. 1,738 pp., 6.200 items, with upwards of 1.350 Reproductions
in Facsimile.
Bound in art cloth, gilt tops, 2Ss. ; half-morocco, gilt tops, 30s.
BOOKS.— Largest Stock in London of
PUBLISHERS REMAINDER STOCKS,
All in i>erfectly new condition as originally published,
but at GREATLY. REDUCED PRICES.
FEBRUARY SUPPLEMENTARY CATALOGUE JUST READY
WILLIAM GLAISHER,
Remainder and Discount Bookseller, 285. High Holborn, London.
THE INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
No. 141. containing a Special Article entitled' MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY and MATTER.' by Prof ALFRED W.
PORTER. S|>eiimen ..Copies gratis.— WILLIAMS * NOlMiAla.
Book Importers, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
HH PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street, Leicester,
. issue CATALOGU ES of MSS. and RARE BOOKS port free
to Book Collectors. CATALOGUE U. tamed S^^iJ^lIlt
ruarv "4 contains Holinshed's Chronicles - Autographs-Books on
Ireland-Books with Woodcuts— Miscellaneous Old Literature. 4c.
THIRST EDITIONS of MODERN AUTHORS,
_L including Dickens. Thackeray, Lever, Ainsworth ; Books illus-
trated by G. and R. Cruikshank Phiz Row Jamison. Leech 4c The
largest and choicest Collection offered for Sale in the World. CATA-
LOGUES issued and sent post free on application. Books Bought.—
WALTER T. SPENCER, 27, New Oxford Street. London. W.C.
CATALOGUE of FRENCH BOOKS, at greatly
\J reduced prices. I. PHILOSOPHY. II. RELIGION. III. HIS
TORY IV POETRY DRAMA. MUSIC. V. BEAUX-ARTS. M
GK0GR\PHY VII MILITARY. VIII. FICTION. IX. GENERAL
LITERATURE.
DULAU * CO. 37, Soho Square, London, W.
BOOKS. — All OUT - OF - PRINT and RARE
BOOKS on any subject SUPPLIED. The most expert Bookfinder
extant. Please state wants and ask for CATALOGUE. I make a special
feature of exchanging any Saleable Books for others selected from my
various Lists. Social LiBt of 'J.000 Books I i«irticularly want post free.
— EDW BAKERS Great Bookshop, 14-16, John Bright Street, Birming-
ham, bore Gallery, great bargain, new, 42s.. for 7s. 6d.
CATALOGUE No. 44. -Turner's Liber Studioruni,
England and Wales, and other Engravings— Lucas's Mezzotints
after Constable-Etchings by Whistler S. Palmer. 4c.-Drawinp by
Tomer Bume-Jones, Ruskin, 4c. — Illustrated Books — Works by
Kuskin. Post free. SiM-enco. - WM. WARD. 2. Church Terrace.
Richmond, Surrey.
JUST PUBLISHED.
/CATALOGUE (No. CIV.) of SECOND-HAND
\J FRENCH BOOKS, comprising History and Literature-Memoirs
-Biography and Correspondence-Art-Folk-lore-Travel-F iction. 4c
MONTHLY LIST (MARCH) of SECOND-
HAND books, consisting chiefly of Worka_ dealing with the
Toiwgraphy of the British Isles; also of NEWLY 11 BUSHED
BOOKS, English and Foreign.
N B.— The APRIL MONTHLY LIST will contain a SELECTION
of MUSICAL WORKS.
II. H. BLACKWELL, 50 and 51, Broad Street. Oxford
£aUs bn Aurtion.
rut: TMUMAM OOLLMCTJOt
B88R£ SOI HEBY, WILKINSON A HODGE
will mF.I.I. by At'lTIOl «C*«0
V* i ' on MONDAY, M«,. h ii and 'I • >
!►»»• »t 1 o'clutk la-eeist-li lb. Ill-: i"oltl I
LECTIO.' «.\)M.H..f tbr Lv^ EDWIN •
M i; , - ... i I'uti.cv, sc w oamprlMi.il i ••»
pin.. u«ii» >.r Kua-Usii »»n. I'..m.»h. .itrt _«rJ.
Htrr--
II. ju.d.U Tbratriail PtirtrmiU Kngravings liy Old M
numerous H|«stHmeu« of tlu- W.rt-lu of A l".i.i Beml
and c,th.-r» • Series of lb.- I1.tr. from Turner. !
iiictly Hi First hut.-. ; S < DOeista M sf tb.- i«n.e in tb.
Wrapper!, A' , , .
May 1« viewed. Catalogues uuy t« liad-
.rir.DjJ
TIIK Tin- MAS 0OLLMCTI0
The oVtend Portion •■( ih' QolluHmu */ Wn§r*mim*9.
MESSRS. 90THEBY, WILKINSON, ft HODGE
»dl BELL by Al'TloN. at their H Wrlhnrtoo
Str.-.-t Strand. W C. on Till IDili K\ . Mar.h ii. sn.l 1 ollowiiitt I>sy.
at 1'Alo.k inveisely tic- SECOND PORTION of ih .LI.'
*} ENGRVVINGSol the l.f EDWIN TRUMAN K», M I
,4 the Home Fteld, Putsiay, B W . .<»n«i.tini of s-.tm.^l I
turaa and other Humorous Bulnccts. including the- Works
c.l KowUndaon, (.illruv. Isaac and Kolnrt Crulksliank. liogartt.
and others— al»o Portrait* of Keinai kabb- rharatters— and OoUe>tiooe
of Miseellanc-.jus PrtntS '.a I rartetj Of subject..
II y tw viewed two .lays prior. Catalogues may tje had.
ANCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Collectors
and Antiquarians are iinited to apply to ;«*•>'« ■ * *"*■
Umitcd. for Specimen Copy (gratis) of their M MISMATIO CIRCU-
L\R The finest Greek, Roman, and English Com- on % lew and for
Sale at Moderate Prices.-SPINK 4 SON. Lilirnts bperta^alnwa.
and Oataloguera, 16, 17. and 18, Piccadilly. London, W. Established
upwards of a Century. ^^
ARUNDEL CHROMOS.— Large sttx-k. Mam
rare ones. Bend stamp for THIS MONTH'S LIST .which gives
size and shape of each'. -ST. JUHES DEPOT, Birmingham.
T70R SALE. —A NEW RALPH ALLISON
I) 0VER8TRTJNG I IMIU.IIT GRAND 4 ft S to. higK to (Rom-
wcs.,1 Lis! price, (15 Guineas.— For particulars apply R-, 1^!. Lough
lsirough Road. S.W.
ATHLN.H'M 1>KESS.— JOHN EDWARD
FRANCTB Printerofthe AVunaum, .V..f.s and (,)«.•«>«, 4c. is
to SUBMIT BSTIM ITKS for all kinds ,.f BOOK, NEWS,
and PERIODICAL PRINTING.— 13, Bream's Buildingf, ib.,,,..iv
l B.C.
muNBRIDGE WELLS. -APARTMENTS.
L Conifoitably Pumished Sitting -H«.iii and One WjWGI,
Pleasant and central. No -tbers taken. -R. 11.. BO, Qtots Hill Road,
Tunbridge Wells.
M
Coin*, Ufdtih.
MESSRS. BOTHEBY, WILKINsON .V BODGE
will BELL by AUCTION, at th.ir Hou*e. No. 12. Wellington
Street Strand W.C. on MONDAY. March 'Ji. a.
the COLLECTION of ENGLISH and FOREIGN WINS. _»«.. to
.hiding a few Fine Italian Bmalssancr Medals andPl
ProiK-rty of A. MAXWELL F.~, ..and a small < ( -LLK Tl.o S ,. 1 K ARE
ENGLISH COINS, in fine condition, the Property of IIENR^ < l-AKaVj
Esq The Park. Nottingham, in. hiding Simons c-lcbruted l.-tition
Crown— Pattern Fire Guinea and Fire Pound Pie.es of iV-.r^ III -
the (Town of Williau. IV. by Wyc.n, IW1. in gold-and olher fine
Patterns and Proofs.
May tie viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
Valuable Book*, ami lUuminaUd and <Jhrr Manmoeriptl.
ESSR8. S0THEBY, WILKINSON k HODGE
. i.ill SELL by AUCTION, ut their House. No IX Wellington
Street Btrand.W.C. on TUESDAY. MarchW. ami Poor Poll
a 1 oVbsk prcis.l,. valuable I'.ooKS. and ILLUMINATED HOU
and other MANUSCRIPTS, HISTORICAL HOCUMEHTS, AITO-
GRAPH LETTERS, <kc, including a C.dle<tic.n of Letters.
Manuscripts. Documenta, »nd Printed Rook, relating to Napoleon
Buonaparte— Original Manuscripts of Dr. John Brown i" lta*n.
Rolicrt Burns. Thackeray. Dickens, the Bateman Family itrmj.. Mua-
lieth to .lames I.), Sir Daac Newton. Ix,rd B..hngbroke. Taaso—
Autograph Manuscripts of Bret Harte's Novels, and Letters of (..-ovge
Washington and Lord Byron— Pope s ( -ir. -i-nd.-n. c- with Ifcahurat—
Mr. H. von Holton. . valuable Tyix-graphnal and \ylc«r-aphicai
Collections— Books in fine Bindings— Ben Jonsons Bible -First and
Earlv Editions of F;arlv Englisli Authors— Sporting Uoolo- First
Editions of Modern Authors— A Series of Original Engravings OC
Animals, by Jo. E. Ridinger— Early Printed and rare Foreign Books.
May I* viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
MR, J. C. STEVENS'S NEXT SALE of
CURIOS will take place on TUESDAY NEXT at h
12 o'clock, and will include OLD CHINA. PORCELAIN BRONZES.
PICTURES PRINTS. 4c; also Cloisonne \ ases, Carved Ivory
Figures, Per. .lain Bowls. 4c, from China and Ja|nn. and the usual
Miscellaneous Assortment.
MR J C. STEVENS will include in his SALE
on FRIDAY NEXT. ONE HUNDRED LOTS of HOp*g°l£
FURNITURE. PORCELAIN. TABLE GLAvv and other Effects
|bj order of the Executors of the late H. L MATTHEW*-, haq.i
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL I.v AUCTH >N,
on MONDAY. March 38. BRITISH and EXOTIC LEPIDOlTERA
from various Sources. Heads and Horns of Big Gam*, and General
Natural History Speiiinens.
On TUESDAY, March 27, will W offered the
choice COLLECTION of BRITISH LEPlDoPTERA ..formed by the
late W. P. URWH'K. Es.i., coiitaiimut rare and extinct Mwi-iment
and remarkable Varieties.
Catalogues on appUoatioB to Mr. J. C. STEVENS. S3. King Street.
Covent Garden, London. W.C.
Sales (/JfllUlBUIIWI Pivperti).
MR J. C. STEVENS bega to rauiaaaoe that
SALES are held EVERY FRIDAY, at his Rooms IA King
street, covent Garden, London, W.C., for the disposal of MHRO-
SCOPES SLIDES and OBJ ECTIVKS - Teles,-. i«ss — TheoJohtes—
Levels— Electrical and Scientific Instruments— Cameras .
all kinds of Photographic Api*n.tus-Optical Lanterns »ith Mides
and all Aoceasoties ill oeat variety by llc-t Makers - Household
Puxnlture — lesrellary and other Miscellaneous Property.
On view Thursday 'J to 5 and morning of Sale.
MESSRS. CHRISTIE. MANSON * WOODS
respectfully give notice thai they will hold the Following
SALES by AUCTION, at their Great BOOB* Kill* Street. St .bciuess
Square:—
On MONDAY. Manh 19, at 1 o'clock,
PICTURES by OLD MASTERS.
On TUESDAY. March 90, at 1 o'olook,
OHELSEA and other PIGURES. the Proper^ of PRANCISHOWS*
Esq frtnd PORCELAIN of the late GEORGE ALLEN, bh and
others.
On WEDNESDAY, March 21, at 1 o'olock,
ENGRAVINGS ol the EARLY ENGLISH and EIGHTEENTH-
CENTURY SCHOOLS
On WEDNESDAY. March 21, at 2 o'olook,
choice WINES the Properties of the lata HARR1 FREEMAN
COHEN, E-.| . Sir ROBERT HARVEY, and other*.
On THURSDAY. M.n.li 22, at 1 o'olook, fine
OLD ENGLISH SILVER PLATE, the Property of E. W. COLT.
Esq. (deceased), and others.
On FRIDAY, March '23. at 1 o'clock,
PORCELAI* OBJ] I 1-'(A1;T.:u..1 DECORATIVE FUKMTURE.
On SATURDAY, Man h 24, at 1 o'clock,
Important MODERN PICTURES and DRAWINGS.
SALES by AUCTION, &c, continued on p. 216.
N°4090, March 17, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
315
MESSRS. J. M. DENT & CO.S NEW BOOKS.
THE ROMANCES OF ALEXANDRE DUMAS.
In 48 vols, illustrated, crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d. per vol. net.
*#* This is a re-issue of Messrs. Dent's original 60 volumes set. It is entirely rearranged, but
■remains otherwise, as heretofore, the only complete and unabridged set of Dumas in the English
language. Two volumes will appear monthly.
GARDEN COLOUR.
Text by Mrs. EARLE, E. V. B., Miss ROSE
KINGSLEY, The Hon. VICARY
GIBBS, and others.
With 50 Coloured Illustrations Painted from
Nature by MARGARET WAKEFIELD.
Demy 4to, 21s. net.
[Second Edition nearly exhausted.
OUR GARDENS.
By the Very Rev. S. REYNOLDS HOLE.
Illustrated after Paintings by G. S. Elgood, R.I. ;
the Frontispiece in Colours ; also from Photographs ;
and with Plans.
[Third Edition.
FLY-FISHING.
By the Right Hon. Sir EDWARD GREY,
Bart., M.P.
Illustrations in Photogravure after Miss Jessie
Macgregor and William Hyde.
Coloured Plates of Flies.
[Third Edition.
PARIS.
By THOMAS OKEY.
Illustrated by KATHERINE KIMBALL and
O. F. M. WARD, also after Old Paintings,
Sculptures, &e. , in Colour, Line, and Half -Tone.
Large fcap. 4to, 2ls. net.
EDINBURGH.
By OLIPHANT SMEATON.
Illustrated after Old Pictures and Prints, and in
Colour and Pencil by Y. A. SYMINGTON
and HERBERT RAILTON.
Large fcap. 4to, 21a net.
MEDIEVAL TOWN SERIES.
VOLUME. JjRUSSEXjD.
By ERNEST G I LL I AT-S M ITH.
Illustrated by KATHERINE KIMBALL and
GUY GILLIAT-SMITH.
Also in Preparation : —
OXFORD, RAVENNA, AVIGNON,
CANTERBURY, &c.
Previous Volumes in the Series : —
ASSISI. By Lina Duff Gordon.*
BRlTGKS. By Ernest Gilliat-Smith.t
CAIRO. By Stanley Lane-Poole, t
CAMBRIDGE. By the Dean of Ely.
CHARTRES. By Cecil Headlam. t
CONSTANTINOPLE. By W. H. Hutton.*
EDINBURGH. By O. Smeaton. t
FLORENCE. By Edmund G. Gardner, t
FERRARA. By Ella Noyes. t
LONDON. By H. B. Wheatley.t
MOSCOW. By Wirt Gerrare.*
NUREMBERG. By Cecil Headlam.*
PERUGIA. By Margaret Syinondsand L. Duff Gordon.*
PRAGUE. By Count Lutzow.*
ROME. By Norwood Young. t
ROUEN. By Theodore A. Cook.t
SIENA. By Edmund G. Gardner, t
SEVILLE. By Walter M. Gallichan.t
TOLEDO. By Hannah Lynch.*
VERONA. By Alethea Wiel.t
VENICE. By Thomas Okey.t
*#* The above Volumes are variously illustrated
by N. ERICHSEN, H. M. JAMES, J. A.
SYMINGTON, HERBERT RAILTON, and others.
*Cloth, 3s. 6d. net ; roan, 4.-*. dd. net.
fCloth, 4s. 6d. net ; roan, 5s. 6d. net.
VENICE.
By THOMAS OKEY.
With 50 Illustrations in Colour after O. F. M.
WARD and W. K. HINCHLIFF, and 50 in
Line by NELLY ERICHSEN and after Old
Masters.
Large fcap. 4to, 21s. net.
[Third Edition.
ROME.
By ST. CLAIR BADDELEY and LINA
DUFF GORDON.
Illustrated by AUBREY WATERFIELD.
Uniform with above, 21s. net.
MOROCCO
OF
TODAY.
[Immediately.
THE ENGLISH EDITION OF
M. EUGENE AUBIN'S
MOROCCO OF
TO-DAY.
With 3 Maps.
Large crown 8vo, 0«. net.
MOROCCO
OF
TO-DAY.
[Immediately.
FLORENTINE
PALACES.
By JANET ROSS.
With over 70 Illustrations in Line by ADELAIDE
MARCHI.
Small demy 8vo, 6s. net.
HOMES OF THE FIRST
FRANCISCANS IN UMBRIA.
By BERYL D. DE SELINCOURT.
With 12 Illustrations from Photographs.
Crown 8vo, 4.*. 6(/. net.
NORMANDY:
Its Ancient Towns.
Written and illustrated in Colour and Line by
GORDON HOME.
Post 8vo, 10*. 6rf. net.
IN FURTHER
ARDENNE.
A Study of the Grand Duchy of
Luxembourg.
By the Rev. T. H. PASSMORE, M.A.
With Illustrations and a Map.
Post 8vo, 7*. tid. net.
CITIES.
By ARTHUR SYMONS.
Illustrated with 8 Photogravures after Old
Pictures, Second Edition.
Small demy 8vo, 7s. Gd. net.
THE CHRIST OF
ENGLISH POETRY
(Being the " Hulsear Lectures " delivered in
the University of Cambridge. 1905
By the Very Rev. DEAN STUBBS D.D.
Small demy 8vo, 6a. net.
Please write for PROSPECTUSES and LISTS, also of our new " EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY,"
Vols. 1-50 ready ; Vols. 50-100 in April ; Post free on application.
24, BEDFORD STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
:J10
TH E ATHKN^UM
N L090, Mabcb 17, 1906
9altl b| Auction— rout in uof.
|\yrE8KR8 in Mm. mix A 00. trill SELL bj
l» 1 Al'CTIO.N .i ili.-u l(. -.in. II.-. < lu.ii.. -it tons, w
T III KHIi \\ M .i h • •ml KolWmli — U« a. Ml
l.\\ I ■'! s llmlKN in -.11 . I.. I 'in.-. i-i l.lnw IJI
i it Th •• Im t ■> l'i- ln-iii >■
I ,i„i i.thrn li» at HhcUrjr, l.nnl.. Lurkrt l..n.| — .n.
iirm Ail-tin ml -ill- i M-l' in \\ lit. i»
Ihr W.vki n( Nhellri ■ud K...I. In IhikUm Konnan, I? roll The
XV.irki •■( II "ti'l K I! Iir..«iniiir KliH I.- Luxe 'IB vols I I"i I
W..rk. KloU ll.-.k- lllil.tl .1. .1 Li I Mill.li , nk I..,. I, Phil A-
i i oka on i, .1.1. tun,- Work! In I ni il Utrratun HUiidanl
II I lu. fci
To Iw i lewi -I mil < »t ilugui - li "l
Bart and Valuable ffnoti
MESSRS. HODGSON <* 00. "ill SELL by
AUCTION, "t their Id-. in-, ii.. Chancer? [sum, w i .in
Tlirn»l'\\ March -. mil following Dm, si I o'clock, ICMIK
.-.ii.l \ A 1. 1 ABLE BOOKS ami M \M s< It J l'i s . ,.i„i ngn Twelfth
4 .-lit iw > h'.i ..iiif.-lirtr it.in. iinl otbvl MSS. on 1,'lliuii. >,.|||,- Mill)
llluiiiui .1 i"ii- Rarlj runt., I H.Miks friiui the <i.-i iii in and It ill in
P specimens of Btainpefl Leather end "1.1 Morocco Bindings
u Collection "i scarce Americana iuri.ni- Black-Letter Books uid
i.i. \ .luii,.- in >, v, nt,. nth (Vntiiry English Literature, many in
rooteniporarj Mndlnjn Cottons H< il hire, »itli .MS Dedicator;
Venn and other Autogmnh Prrorntation li.-.k- ■ Ine Bel ..t
Jesse's Historical Works, Original Editions First K.liti'.n- of Scott'a
T..1.-.- ..f My Landlord, Kir-t tieries, i vols, hoards, entirely uncul
Lambs Tales Irani Hhnkrspeare. with Blake'i Plate*. 9 rob. original
aheap Unduhf, and others a Bne .-in. I eoanpiete 8el <>t tin- I'iIi-.
graphical s,Ni,-t\- Publications Bar) ■ Bixteenl '"1 -ed Views on the
ulrerpeol and Manchester Railway, and other K<-«k- with Coloured
Plates- Standard Works in General Literature, handsomely Ih.hu, I in
cadf aad moroooo — Autograph l-.-tt.-t- from Wordsworth, Lanuar.and
Charlotte Bronte1 t" Thackeray ; also ■ maaninoent Set "f Gannon's
Historical Records of the Itriii.-h Ai my laold by order of the Executor
of tin- late Mi-s Sophia Cannon I, <'.7 rob. In (In- Original Uorocco
Bindings, with U duplicate rob., and » Collection of the Original
\\:it,-t r.ili.ur Drawings "t" the Colours, lfnlfonna.nnd Battle Scenes,
liy W. Heath and others, used to Illustrate the Milium'.-.
Catalogues icontalning nvoslniibs) <ui application.
Valuable Bookt, including a Portion of a Libtary remaned
from Devontkire.
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
by AUCTION, at tlu-ir Qalleries, -it, Leicester Square, W.C.,
EARLY IN A Pit 1 1.. VALUABLE BOOKS, inclading rare First
Editions and other valuable It.-ms.
Early Printed Books and rare First Editions, including a
Portion or the Libra nt of a Collector.
MESSRS. PUTTICK ft SIMPSON will SKLL
by AUCTION, it tlu-ir Galleries, 47. Leicester Square, W.C.,
EARLY IN APRIL, VALUABLE BOOKS. IncludinK rare Specimens
of Early English* and Foreign l* - -scarce First Editions— and
other Important Items.
IN THE ROYAL EXCHANGE SALE ROOMS,
GLASGOW,
On TUESDA Y, April .1, at IS o'clock.
VERY IMPORTANT PUBLIC SALE OF RARE
EDITIONS OF
BURNSIANA,
Ring the Collection of Dr. ALEXANDER PATTERSON,
late uf •£>, liuliu Street. Glasgow.
"DOBERT M'TEAR & CO., Auctioneers.
Catalogues can now lie hail on a|i|ilieatinii.
Royal Exchange Sale Booms, st. Vincent Place, Glasgow.
jHaga^ines, Set.
NEW SERIES.
THK GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE.
(Pounded l.si.1
Price One shilling.
MAHCII NUMBEB NOW BEAUT.
Confsnfs.
t attain JOHN WARD, PIRATE.
MV SCHOOLGIRL tlPE FIFTY YEARS AGO.
TDK DESMOND REBELLION OF iwo.
TIIK NEW IRISH PEASANT.
TIIK DAY'S DOINGS <>F A NOIIODV. If.
FIGHTING FOB TIIK CROWN IN SHROPSHIRE
ERABHUB UK COPIA."
COBRESPONDENCE.
REVIEWa
SYLVANU8 V KUANS NOTEBOOK.
THE CASTB08 OF LEHOS.
LEABNED SOCIETIES.
REVIEW OF THE Month.
OBITU ABIES,
BHOBT NOTICES OF RECENT PUBLICATIONS.
TVi'oGltAI'lllt AI, NOTES <>N SOUS NEW BOOKS.
GARDEN NOTES.
Published in th.- Middle of tin- Month at the offi.e of the
0B3ERVKR, IZ», strand, London, w.c. and of all Booksellers,
A BOUT 2,000 BOOKS WANTED .u-t- advertised
1\ for weekly in TIIK PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR AND BOOK
BELLKKH KECORD (established 18371. which abo girea Lists "f tin-
New u.H.kH nuhUshed ituring the Week. Announcements of New
lHH.k-. i. Bubscrtben hnre the prtrltege of a Free Advertisement
for Four n.K.kii Wanted Weekly. Sent fur H weeks. [Sist free, fur
hi «./ Hume ami n« Foreign Subscription. Price Three-Halfpence
Weekly .—Office : St. Dunstan a House, Fetter Lane, London.
THK BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine
street, London, w.c.. HABCB 17, cantaini
The New North ami s.uth Tills' Railway (with Plan); New Law
Courts, Cape Town; New Theatre for Comic H|»tm. Berlin; Some
Examples oi Italian Renaissance Work; Royal Academy Lectures:
Architectural Association Camera anil Cycling Club; Heans "t
Locomotion in I don l8uryeyors' Institution}; Hackney Central
Library Competition; Sketch by a Pngin Student; Mnthcmiitical
Data for Architects, Ac.— 'From Office ai store Hi. ; by imst, Ijd.', or
through any Newsagent.
MESSRS. LONGMANS & CO.'S
LIST.
INDUSTRIAL
EFFICIENCY.
A Comparative Study of Industrial Life in
England, Germany and America.
By ABTHUR 8HADWELL, MA. M.D.
•1 Mils. bVII, JO-. lift.
TIIK TIMES.
'■ Borne "f the chapter* In theae ralameaAN ni'"lel refcorda
ni eeotwnskaJ InTeatigatlon. lin-y suin op clearly aad
stjocinctly, and, withont exaggeratl \ivj«ii\ ami eften in
pictureaqne phrase, the oatcome of moch carerhl, dia>
paaaionate examinatloii, . . We know few recent booki likely
tn be more instructive ami helpful t<> employers: anil
workmen."
THE DAILY MAIL.
" Dr. Bfaadwell warns the natiim against (lispiisinu of the
rellgiotu difficulty by disposing of religion. The example of
the United states proves that this is a rery perilous comae.
The book is perhaps the most interesting political, social,
ami economic study produced of recent years. There is
scarcely a question confronting the England of to-day on
which it does not shed valuable li^ht. We can only hope
that it will be read as widely as it deserves."
THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL
"This is, perhaps, the most valuable and suggestive
contribution to the burning question of international com-
petition in industry that has yet been written It is to
be hoped that the book will receive the earnest consideration
it merits from our captains of industry, from our legislators,
and from the general public, and we heartily congratulate
the author upon the production of a work of national
importance and of absorbing interest."
THE
PARSON'S OUTLOOK
Studies in Clerical Life and Character.
By W. O. EDWARDS REE8.
Crown 8vo, 6». Gd. net.
COLLOQUIES.
THE PAR80KS PERPLEXITY. THE PARSON'S PRTVIEEOE8.
THK PARSON'S OUTLOOK. THK PARSON s SHALL TALK.
THK PARSON'S SYMPOSIUM. THK PABeON'S P06TBAO.
the parson's blogunon. .the parson's disabili-
the parson's Critics. tiks.
thk parson's pro motion the parson's humour.
THE PARSONS HELPMEET. THK PARSONS MANNERS.
THK PARSONS CHILDREN. THE PARSONS TRAINING.
THE PARSON'S HOLIDAY. THK PARSONS AUTOCRACY.
PROFILES.
THK ARCHDEACON OF EKB- THE DILETTANTE PARSON.
FLEET. THK VICAR OF ( INHKltl'.Y.
SOME BUBAL DEANS. THK RECTOR 01 ST.
THE SUMMER CHAPLAIN. LUKES.
THE KEY TO THE WORLD'S
PROGRESS: being an Essay on Historical Logic. Bv
CHAKLKS STANTON DKVAS, M.A., sometime Ex-
aminer in Political Economy in the Royal University
of Ireland. Crown Svo, a*, net.
The object of this book is to give to the logic and
history of Newman an economic or sociological setting.
and thus to show that "for the explanation Of World-
history we must Hist have the true theory of the Christian
Church and her life through eighteen centuries."
NOTES FROM NATURE'S
(iAKDKN. By FRANCES A. BARDSWELL, Author
of 'Hook of Town and Window Gardening.' With 31
Illustrations from Photographs, Svo, tin, 0<t. net.
NATURE KNOWLEDGE IN
MODERN POETRY: being Chapters on Tennyson.
Wordsworth, Matthew Arnold, and Lowell as Ex-
ponents of Nature Study. By ALEXANDEB
MACKIK, M.A. Crown Svo, -Is. M. net.
AT THE GATES OF THE EAST :
a Hook of Travel among Historic Wonderl itnlv By
Lieut-CoL J. P. BARRY, A.R M.B. (Trinit; College,
Dtililin). Bis Majesty's Indian Medical Service. With
x: Illustrations, svo, (lv. net.
CAPITALS OK KASTI-'.KN KCKOI'K- TIIK CAPITAL
OK EGYPT— SOUTHERN GREECE THK EASTERN
ADRIATIC— TIIK WESTERN BALKANS.
LONGMANS, GREBN i ( <>..
30, Piitcinustcr Row, Loudon, E.C.
MACMILLANS
GUIDE-BOOKS.
With muneroui Map* and i'Lmi) he ■
u j.i ni tin- Lateet information, and prvp.i
f'n • [ea. < tloM S\ o.
ITALY AND SICILY.
Ill-Ill KIWI [Oaf.
With .".") Maps, .mil PfaaV, 1<».
THE EASTERN
MEDITERRANEAN.
Including Greece and the Greek Islands,
Constantinople, Smyrna. Ephesus, 4c.
BE00ND EDITION, tritfa 27 Maps and
Plana, 9$. net.
THE WESTERN
MEDITERRANEAN.
Including Southern Spain, Northern
Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tuuis, and Tripoli>
Sicily, Malta, Corsica, &c.
SECOND EDITION, with 21 Map* oar]
Plana, 9«. net.
ANCIENT ATHENS.
By ERNEST ARTHUR GARDNER
With Illustrations, Maps, and Plans. Svo, 21a, net.
TIMES. — " Splendidly illustrated Prof.
Gaidner'B descriptions of extant monuments are
excellent On all important points we rind Mr.
Gardner eminently sane and sensible."'
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd., London.
DAVID NUTT,
57-59, LONG ACRE.
THE CLASSICAL REVIEW.
Kilitor— J. P. POSTGATE, GuaMdga
Vol. X\. MARCH, ■ No. t. la 6rf. net.
Pimfimft
ORIi i I N A I. ( I »M 1U HI IIONS :—
The Pelenela once more. H. M. HENRY.
The Perfect Subjunctive, Optative, and Imperative in
Greek again, J. K. HARRY.
De Antii|nis>iiiiis Theooriti Mesnbraaia. I". de\V!LV.
MOWITZ-.MOKI.I.KMKIHKK.
Ad Kiiictetvun. CoiitiniKil. A. .1. KHONKNHKRi;.
Notes ontha BrotidGraed. Ccettinned H. RICHARDS.
On Ovid, ' Metamorphoses,' xi. 110-124. (i. M. HIRSf.
SHORTER CONTKIIHIIKN- \M> Noi».
REVIEWS:—
Rutherford's 'A Chapter in the History of Annotation,*
T. NICKLIN.
Two Translations of I.ncian. II. RICHARDS,
DiHijBiiVTiiiiMiliiii Disputatioaa.' ALBSRTC CI. \KK.
BRIEFBB NOTICES.
VERSION s-
ll.ik.-'s The Iiiscrutal.K-.' .1. V. P.
ARCHAEOLOGY:—
Recent Excavations in Rome. THOMAS WIHV, Jun.
Triremes. CECIL TORR.
Smith's 'Catalugne of Brftiafa Museum seulptures.
I.. A. GARDNER,
BRIEF NOTICES:—
Monthl] Kivi.nl. K. II. MARSHALL.
SUMMARIES OF PERIODICALS.
BOOKS RECEIVED.
.1 1ST OCT.
A REALIST OF THE AEGEAN:
the Mimes of Herodas. Metrically Translated by H.
SHARPLEY, M. V., Editor of Aristophanes' 'Achas>
ni.nis.' Crown s\.i, cloth. 2c, (»/. net.
• .■ in this faithful and spirited imaiou. Mr. Sharpie] baa
aimed at making the \i\id studies of Greek smart Society in
tlu- Third Century ac, the recoTeryof which from Egyptian
pip\ ri wa> v,i warmly welcomed li> i laawhnl scholars a dozen
years ago, accessible to English readers.
N°4090, March 17, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
317
MESSRS. METHUEN'S SPRING NOVELS are having an unusual success, and nearly all are in Second or Third Editions.
MESSRS. METHUEN will publish on March 22 a delightful NEW NOVEL by Mrs. Fuller- Maitland, Author of 'Pages from
the Day-Book of Bethia Hardacre.' It is entitled BLANCHE ESMEAD.
They have just published a New Volume, LOAYES AND FISHES, by Bernard Capes, and a highly interesting Collection of
Letters by Mrs. Stevenson, the mother of Robert Louis Stevenson, entitled LETTERS FROM SAMOA, 6s. net. They cover her life
with her distinguished son in Samoa up to his death in 1894.
MESSRS. METHUEN would call particular attention to the New Volumes now ready in METHUEN'S STANDARD LIBRARY,
a series of the great Classics of all Nations in SIXPENNY Volumes.
KINDLY WRITE FOR MESSRS. METHUEN'S SPRING ILLUSTRATED ANNOUNCEMENT LIST AND THEIR NEW BULLETIN.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
READINGS ON THE INFERNO OF DANTE, chiefly based on
the Commentary of BENVENUTO DA IMOLA. By the Hon. WILLIAM WARREN-
VERNON, M.A. With an Introduction by the Rev. Dr. MOORE. In 2 vols, crown
8vo, 15*. net. [Second Edition.
MACEDONIA. By H. N. Brailsford. With many Illustrations
and 2 Maps. Demy 8vo, 12s. 6d. net.
" At last we have a book in which the most crying problem of the Near East is
discussed and explained with entire clearness and a minute and personal knowledge such as
no previous writer on the subject has possessed. For a long time to come, the book before
us is likely to be the one authority upon the vital question of Macedonia. It is to this that
all who wnsh to understand the situation of that unhappy region in its reality will have to
turn, and the thing is done with such mastery of style and arrangement that even readers
who have no special knowledge of the suhject will find here a work of most attractive
interest. " — Da ily Ch ro n icle.
A BOOK FOR A RAINY DAY. By John Thomas Smith. Edited
by WILFRED WHITTEN ("John o' London" of T. P.'s Weekly). With 48 Illustra-
tions. Wide demy 8vo, 12*. 6rf. net.
A good old book, much quoted by writers on London, in a modern dress.
" One of the most delightful of London books." — Globe.
THE MANOR AND MANORIAL RECORDS. By Nathaniel
J. HONE. With many Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 7*. 6d. net. [Antiquary's Books.
"Mr. Hone is a model of lucidity and interest, and the work is excellently done."
Morning Leader.
SIR WALTER SCOTT. By G. Le G. Norgate. Fully illustrated.
Demy 8vo, 7*. 6d. net.
The ' Life of Sir Walter Scott ' treats of its subject both as man and author, and is in
many important respects different from any other Biography at the service of present-day
readers. Whilst Lockhart's great work, the 'Letters' and the 'Journal ' have oeen freely
utilized, notable particulars have been drawn, not mreely from contemporary writers, but
from memorials and recollections only given to the world in recent years. Abbotsford and
the Scott country have been specially visited, and interesting details are given as to their
condition at the present time. In the volume are collected fresh facts about Scott not to
1 e found elsewhere. The illustrations are carefully collected from authentic and trust-
worthy sources. An entirely novel feature is a monograph on Scott as a lawyer by Francis
Watt, barrister-at-law.
ABOUT ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON,
LETTERS FROM SAMOA. By Mrs. M. I. Stevenson.
Arranged by M. C. BALFOUR. With 12 Illustrations. Crown Svo, 6*. net.
These final Letters of Mrs. M. I. Stevenson cover the period of her life in Samoa up to
the death of her son (Robert Louis Stevenson) in 1894. They are full of interesting pictures
of the island and of the Samoans, as well as of the home life of Vailima itself. The illus-
trations are unusually intimate and interesting.
HOW TO IDENTIFY OLD CHINESE PORCELAIN. By Mrs.
WILLOUGHBY HODGSON, Author of 'How to Identify Old China.' With 40
Illustrations. Small demy Svo, 6*.
" It is a book for the beginner, and is quite admirable. It is extremely well illustrated."
" Well arranged and full of information." — Scotsman. Morning Post.
DEVELOPMENT AND DIYINE PURPOSE. By Vernon F
STORR, M.A., Lecturer in the Philosophy of Religion in Cambridge University,
Examining Chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury, formerly Fellow of University
College, Oxford. Crown 8vo, 5*. net.
An endeavour to analyze the conception of evolution or development, and to show that
it includes the idea of purpose. The argument from design, as set forth by Pa ley, and
criticized by Darwin, is examined and restated. The distinction between the organic and
inorganic is investigated. Canons or principles for interpreting and testing a process of
development arc suggested. The final conclusion is that evolution in nature is Divine
purpose at work.
THOUGHTS FOR THE DAY. Arranged by R. Mudie Smith.
Fcap. 8vo, 3*. 6rf. net.
THE IRON TRADE. By J. Stephen Jeans. Illustrated. Crown
8vo, 2*. 6rf. net. [Books on Business.
CHRIST IN ART. By Mrs. Henry Jenner. With 40 Illus-
trations. Demy lGmo, 2*. Od. net. [Little Books on Art.
INTRODUCTION TO THE DEVOUT LIFE. By St. Francis
DK SALKS. Translated by T. BARNS, M.A. Small pott Svo, cloth, 2*. ; leather,
•is. fx/. net. [The Libraru of Devotion.
k PRIMER OF RELIGION. By W. J. Oldfield, Canon of
Lincoln. Crown Hvo, 2*. (W.
This book i- t>ased on the Catechism of the Church of England, and is for use in
f .null' -
TO-DAY. By J. C. Wright. Demy lGmo, Is. 6d. net.
A -oii.ill i • •luinc of thoughts for each day.
UTOPIA, AND POEMS. By Sir Thomas More. Paper, 6d. net ;
i loth, U net. [Metkuen'S Standard Library.
CRANFORD. By Mrs. G ask ell. Paper, 6d. net ; cloth, 1 s. net.
[Wlthverit Standard Library.
A SERIOUS CALL TO A DEVOUT AND HOLY LIFE. My
WILLIAM LAW. Paper, M net; cloth, 1*. net [Methurn's Standard Library.
THE REPUBLIC OF PLATO. Translated by Sydenham «nd
T \ V LOB. Paper, 6d. net ; cloth, 1*. net. [Methurn's Standard Library.
FICTION.
THIRD EDITION.
THE SCHOLAR'S DAUGHTER. By Beatrice Harraden,
Author of 'Ships that Pass in the Night.' Crown Svo, 6*.
" It has all Miss Harraden's old strength, pathos, and insight, and the character draw,
ing is superb." — Morning Leader,
"Briskly and dramatically written, with much quiet pathos and quaint humour."
Sketch.
" The hand of the artist and the effect of the art that hides art are to be recognized in
'The Scholar's Daughter.' The book contains effective characterization, and the adroit-
ness with which the delicate mechanism is handled commands admiration." — Morning Post.
THIRD EDITION.
THE PORTREEVE. By Eden Phillpotts, Author of 'The
Secret Woman.' With a Frontispiece by A. B. COLLIER. Crown Svo, 6*.
"This powerful tale moves like a river through the moorscape." — Star.
" Its characters are vitalized, and their passions touch and quicken and sadden the
reader in the same way that the Dartmoor scenery affects him." — Dundee Courier.
"Every figure in the book is alive ; Ilet and Dodd, in particular, are magnificent
creations. A fine book." — Morning Leader.
"Powerful and enthralling, and full of genuine human nature." — Outlook.
" Once more Mr. Phillpotts has depicted exceptional characters motived by the
stronger emotions, the passions that give occasion for episodes dramatic."
Daily Chronicle.
" Amid this finely conceived setting of quiet homesteads and rugged scenery move the
characteristic country people whom Mr. Phillpotts so well knows how to draw."
Daily Xnrs.
SECOND EDITION.
THE MAYOR OF TROY. By " Q " (A. T. Quiller - Couch),
Author of ' Hetty Wesley,' ' Dead Man's Rock,' &c. Crown 8vo, (is.
" It is a merry story, rich with the fragrance of the sea, and overflowing with the
quaint humours of an earlier day." — Daily yews.
"All Mr. Quiller-Couch's literary qualities are present here, and all at their highest."
Daily Chronicle.
"Immensely enjoyable, with plenty of well-imagined action, plenty of keenly noted
character, plenty of fun, good writing, and atmosphere." — Outlook.
SECOND EDITION IN THE PRESS.
LOAYES AND FISHES. By Bernard Capes. Crown 8vo, 6s.
DURHAM'S FARM. By C. C. Yeldham. Crown 8vo, 6s.
This story, the scenery of which is laid in the Weald of Kent, describes the struggles
of a clever, determined girl of twenty to save her invalid father from ruin. Finding
circumstances too strong for her to compass this by legitimate means, she is tempted to
commit a daring act of crime, for which she means eventually to make restitution, but that
almost immediately brings about a wholly unforeseen catastrophe for herself. For this she
finds herself bound at all costs, even if by confession and publicity, to save herself. In the
end, by means entirely unsuspected, ruin is averted, and sue and her father made happy.
SECOND EDITION.
THE PATHWAY OF THE PIONEER.
Author of ' Uriah the Hittite.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
" A strong human interest pervades the book from the first line to the last, and
through it all there runs a vein of genuine sympathy." — Tribune,
" Sincere, forceful, and singularly impressive." — Manchester Guardian.
" A romance of infinite variety, "put before us with vigour, with vibrating sympathy,
and with no little artistic perception." — Westminster Gazette.
SECOND EDITION.
THE HIGH TOBY. By H. B. Marriott Watson, Author of
' Twisted Eglantine.' With a Frontispiece by C. A. SUEPPERSON. Crown 8vo, <x«.
''A delightful set of stories. Dick, the hero, is swift and strong, brilliant in device,
reckless and fortunate! in danger." — Morning Post.
"A doubly delightful volume to those who like good stories, and like to have these
stories told well."— So % Telegraph.
SECOND EDITION.
ROSE AT H0NEYP0T. By Mary E. Mann. Crown 8vo, 6s.
" A story full of human as well as of topical interest. Mrs. Mann is a faithful observer :
she realises acutely the limitations and the strength of the rustic intellect ; and she has
humour. The narrative abounds in charm as well as in surprising strokes of realism."
Spectator.
" A story of varied and continuous charm. Upon Lorry Faraday Mrs. Mann has
lavished all her sympathy and skill, while Rose, with her sweetness, her allure, and her
touches of irresponsibility, is admirably felt."- Times.
VICTORY. By Mrs. L. T. Meade. Crown 8vo, 65.
"Only Mrs. Meade could have written this book."— Outlook.
" Full of those domestic touches in which the authoress excels."— Pall Mall Gazette.
THE SCAR. By Francis Warrington Dawson. Crown Svo, 6s.
" A fine strong story, of which the setting possesses hardly less interest than thtt
characters or the action. — Evening Standard.
"The author ha« a remarkable faculty for description, and the life of old Virginia is set
forth with a most skilful and minute vividness. Power permeates the whole story ."— World.
THE SEA MAID. By
piece by B. R. HUGHES
By Dolf Wyllarde,
Ronald MacDonald. With a Frontis-
v r.. it. m unm Crown Hvo, 8&
" Here without question is an excellent novel, blended of adventure, romance, farce,
tfld clever characterization In just the right proportions. W« have rarely re.ul so delightful
.1 romance oreiyoved one better. "- Guardian.
" A rollicking story. Extremely fresh and entertaining,"— Observer.
THE GREAT MASSACRE. By Alexandre Dumas. 6d.
METHUEN & CO. 36, Essex Street, Strand, W.C.
318
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4090, March 17, 1906
MAGMILLAN & GO.S
LIST.
MEMOIRS OF
ARCHBISHOP
TEMPLE.
By SEVEN FRIENDS. Edited by E. G. SAND-
FORD, Archdeacon of Exeter. With Photogravure
and other Illustrations. In 2 vols. 8vo, 36s. net.
LORD RANDOLPH
CHURCHILL.
By WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL, M.P.
With Portraits. In 2 vols, demy 8vo, 3Gs. net.
HENRY SIDGWICK:
A Memoir. By A. S. and E. M. S. With Portraits,
8vo, 12s. Gd. net.
TIMES.—" All who knew Henry Sidgwick, and many who
never enjoyed that privilege, will read this memoir with
keen appreciation of a nature so finely endowed with moral,
intellectual, and spiritual graces."
EVERSLEY SERIES.— Hew Vol
BRIEF LITERARY
CRITICISMS.
By the late RICHARD HOLT HUTTON.
.Selected from the Spectator, and Edited by his Niece,
ELIZABETH M. ROSCOE.
With Portrait. Globe 8vo, 4*. ne .
NERO.
STEPHEN PHILLIPS.
Crown 8vo, 4*. 6d. net.
•UNIFORM WITH THE COMPLETE TENNYSON.
ING0LDSB7 LEGENDS.
With 20 Illustrations on Steel by Cruikshank,
Leech, and Barham.
New Impression. Crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. [Tuesday.
MEDIEVAL RHODESIA.
By DAVID RANDALL-MACIVER, M. A. F.R.G.S.
Fully illustrated. Demy 4to, 20*. net. {Tuesday.
THE ORIGIN AND
DEVELOPMENT OF THE
MORAL IDEAS.
By EDWARD WESTERMARCK, Ph.D.
Author of the ' History- of Human Marriage.'
In 2 vols. Vol. I. 8vo, 14s. net.
VOL. IIL COMPLETING THE WORK.
DICTIONARY OF
PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY.
Written by many hands and
Edited by Prof. J. M. BALDWIN, Ph.D., &c.
With Illustrations and extensive Bibliographies.
Vol. III. In 2 Part*. Imperial 8vo, 42«. net
•»* Previously published, Vols. I. and II. 21*. net each.
VOL. II. NOW READY.
SOCIOLOGICAL PAPERS.
By FRANCIS G ALTON, P. GEDDES, M. E. SADLER
E. WESTERMARCK, H. HOFFDINO, J. H. BRIDGES
and J. S. STUART-GLENNIE. Super-royal 8vo, 10*. 6rf.
Messrs. HURST d BLACKETT
have NOW READY a work
of great importance by Mrs.
ALEC TWEEDIE.
In 1 vol. royal 8vo, with numerous Illustrations
from Photographs taken especially for this book,
price 21a. net.
PORFIRIO DIAZ,
Seven Times President of Mexico.
By Mrs. ALEC TWEEDIE,
Author of ' Mexico as I saw it,' &c.
AN ART BOOK FOR ALL TIME.
ORDINARY EDITION, 1 vol. demy 4to, cloth,
gilt top, price 21. 2«. net.
LARGE-PAPER EDITION (limited
to 100 Copies for England), price 41. 4s. net.
Only a few copies left
Containing 41 Full-Page Illustrations in
Colour and 36 in Black and White.
THE FIRST CENTURY OF
ENGLISH PORCELAIN,
1744-1850.
By W. MOORE BINNS,
Director of Furnivals, Limited, and late Art
Director of the Royal Porcelain Works, Worcester.
The Illustrations have been selected
especially, as far as possible, from Private
Collections.
AX ILLUSTRATED PROSPECTUS POST
FREE OX APPLICATIOX.
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd, London.
THE LATEST AND BEST
SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
JIMMY QUIXOTE.
By TOM GALLON,
Author of ' Tatterley,' &c.
[Ready Monday March 19.
THE TRIUMPHS OF EUGENE
VALM0NT.
By ROBERT B A R R,
Author of 'A Prince of Good Fellows,' &c.
JENNIFER P0NTEFRACTE.
By ALICE and CLAUDE ASKEW,
Authors of ' Shulamite,' ' Anna of the Plains,' &c.
UNDER THE ARCH OF LIFE.
By LADY HENRY SOMERSET.
THE WHITE HAND.
By CARL JOUBERT,
Author of ' Russia As It Really Is,' &c.
THE DRAKEST0NE.
By OLIVER ONIONS,
Author of «The Odd-Job Man,' &c.
IN SILENCE.
By Mrs. FRED REYNOLDS,
Author of ' A Quaker Wooing,' &c.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
MR. T. FISHER UNWINDS
Spring Announcement List
gives full particulars of the
following and many other in-
teresting New Books. Post free
on application.
A LITERARY HISTORY OF
THE ENGLISH PEOPLE.
V.,1. II. FROM TIIK RENAISSANCE TO THE
CIVIL WAR I. ByJ. J. JUSSERAND. Demy Svo
12*. 6rf. net.
THE " POPE " OP HOLLAND HOUSE.
By LADY SEYMOUR With a Biographical Intro-
duction and Supplementary Chapter by W. P. COl'RT-
NET. Illustrated. Demy 8to, 10*. 6<*. net.
SIR HENRY IRYING.
A Biography. By PERCY FITZGERALD, Author of
'Life of David Garrick,' 'Life of Sterne,' Ac. With a
Photogravure Frontispiece and 35 other Illustrations.
Demy Svo, 10*. 6d. net.
HAECKEL: HIS LIFE AND WORK.
By WILHELM BOLSCHE. With an Introduction and
a Supplementary Chapter by the Translator, JOSEPH
McCABE. With a Coloured Frontispiece and 12 other
Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 15*. net.
SOCIETY IN THE COUNTRY HOUSE.
Anecdotal Records of Six Centuries. By T. H. S.
ESCOTT, Author of 'King Edward and his Court,' &c.
With Photogravure Frontispiece. Demy 8vo, 16*.
THE FIRST ANNEXATION
OF THE TRANSYAAL.
By W. J. LEYDS, LL.D., formerly State Secretary of
the South African Republic. Demy 8to, 21*. net.
LINKS IN MY LIFE
ON LAND AND SEA.
By Capt J. W. GAMBIER. R.N". Illustrated. Demy
8vo, 21*.
THE HISTORY OF CO-OPERATION.
By G. J. HOLYOAKE, Author of 'Bygones Worth
Remembering,' Ac. Illustrated. 2 toIs. demy 8vo,
21*.
RECREATIONS OF A NATURALIST.
By J. E. HARTIXG, Author of ' Handbook of British
Birds,' ' Extinct British Animals," ' Rambles in Search
of Shells,' &c. With numerous Illustrations. Demy
8vo, 15*. net.
SPORT AND TRAVEL.
Abyssinia and British East Africa. By LORD
HINDL1P, F.R.G.S. F.Z.S. With Maps and more than
70 Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 21*. net.
WITH FIRE AND SWORD
IN THE CAUCASUS.
By LUIGI VILLARI, Author of 'Russia under the
Great Shadow,' 'Italian Life in Town and Country,'
&c. Illustrated. Demy 8vo, 10*. 6d. net.
ON ARTS AND ARTISTS.
By MAX NORDAU. Large crown 8to, 7*. 6d. net.
DISESTABLISHMENT IN FRANCE.
By PAIL SABATIER, Author of 'The Life of St.
Francis of Assisi.' Translated by ROBERT DELL.
With Portraits of the Author and the Abbt* Loisy.
Crown Svo, 2*. 6rf. net.
THE BEST PLAYS OF
GEORGE FARQUHAR.
Edited, and with an Introduction, by WILLIAM
ARCHER. On thin paper. With Frontispiece. Small
crown 8vo, leather, 3*. 6d. net ; cloth, 2*. W. net.
T. FISHER UNWIN,
1, Adelphi Terrace, London.
N°4090, March 17, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
319
SATURDAY, MARCH 17, 1906.
CONTENTS.
310
320
821
322
322
Mr. T. P. Henderson on Mary, Queen of Scots
Some Dogmas of Religion
A German Like of Goethe
Prof. Oman on the Study of History ...
A People at School
New Novels (The Healera ; Hyacinth ; The Same
Clay ; The Pathway (if the Pioneer ; The House of
Shadows ; The Might of a Wrong-doer ; The Girl
in Waiting ; La Rebelle) 323—324
English Classics 324
OCR Lihrary Table (The Author's Progress ; In and
Around Venice ; The Love-Letters of a Genius ;
Colleeta Napoleonica, ; Napoleon in Elba ; Illustres
et Inconnus ; The Clothing Industry of New
York ; Holyoake's Autobiography ; Tolstoy's
Works ; Burdett's Hospitals and Charities 320—328
List of New Books 32s
A. H. J. GREENiriGE; Chaccek— "Prestes Thre";
The Rev. W. Reynell, B.I). ; The Booksellers'
Provident Institution ; The Coming Publish-
ing Season 328—329
Literary Gossip 330
Science— Reinach on Cults, Myths, and Religions ;
Dr. Le Bon's Theories of Matter ; Societies ;
Meetings Next Week ; Gossip .. .. 331— 83d
Fine Arts— Our Library Table (London to the
Nore ; Franciscan Legends in Italian Art ; Les
Caricatures de Puvis de Chavannes ; Hirth's
Forniensehatz ; The Care of Ancient Monuments) ;
Thirteen Women Artists ; Town and Country ;
Sales ; Gossip 335—337
Music — Symphony Concert ; Mr. Charles
Williams's Orchestral Concert ; Gossip ;
Performances Next Week 337—338
Drama— Moliere and the French Stage; Gossip
338—340
Index to Advertisers 340
LITERATURE
Mary, Queen of Scots, her Environment and
Tragedy : a Biography. By T. F.
Henderson. With 102 Illustrations.
2 vols. (Hutchinson & Co.)
All those who really try, whether dis-
passionately or otherwise, to solve the
problems involved in the story of the fair
Queen of Scots feel the fascinating power
which she still exercises, and never lose
their keen interest in her and her affairs.
As it is nearly seventeen years since the
first edition of Mr. Henderson's ' Casket
Letters ' appeared, and as his later his-
torical studies have frequently led him
again to deal with her and her contem-
poraries, she must have been often in his
thoughts, and he ought to be well qualified
to tackle the thorny and perplexing subject
of her environment and tragedy. Not-
withstanding his knowledge of the period
and his attempt to write impartially, his
judgment on many points will not be
accepted by partisans on either side ; but
then it is not at all likely that any critical
study of Mary Stuart's life will ever com-
mand universal, or even general, approval.
Some readers will be inclined to question
not only the soundness of many of Mr.
Henderson's criticisms, but also his pre-
sentation of some of the facts. A number
of mistakes have found their way into his
text ; many of the quotations are rather
loose ; and several statements which
ought to have been vouched for are not
so supported.
Some of the mistakes are trifling enough :
some are serious ; and some are amusing.
Mr. Henderson says, for example, that
Arran proclaimed Cardinal Beaton a traitor
on August 29th, 1543. Now in Sadler's
letter, which is dated August 29th, it is
stated that Arran had returned to Edin-
burgh from St. Andrews late on the
previous night, and that the proclamation
was made before he left St. Andrews. It
could not, therefore, have been later than
the 28th. Again, Mr. Henderson gives
August 25th, 1560, as the date on which
the Scottish Parliament passed three
important Acts. He should have said
the 24th. The second of these Acts he
describes as " condemning all doctrine
contrary to the newly accepted Confes-
sion." What the Act really professed
to do was to annul all Acts of Parlia-
ment inconsistent with God's Word and
contrary to the Confession of Faith.
In one chapter Mr. Henderson puts
Moray in place of Lethington, and Mary
in place of Moray. The first of these
errors seems to be due to a misinterpre-
tation of one of Randolph's letters, and
the other to a clerical or printer's slip.
He says that " Moray assured Randolph
that the Emperor was ' a continual earnest
suitor to the Cardinal for his son ' " ;
whereas it appears from Randolph's
letter that it was Lethington who so
assured him. Where he substitutes
Mary for Moray, he plainly means Moray.
When Mary was brought from Carberry
to Edinburgh, she was, Mr. Henderson
says, taken " to the house of Henderson
of Fordel — then Provost of Edinburgh."
For this statement he gives no authority.
He could, no doubt, have cited the
' Diurnal of Occurrents ' ; but in this
case both the ' Diurnal ' and Mr. Hender-
son are clearly wrong. By a slip, or an
oversight, Elizabeth Cavendish is referred
to as " daughter of Shrewsbury " ; and,
similarly, Beale is described as 'l brother
of Walsingham."
Speaking of the bond to Darnley, which
was signed before the murder of Riccio,
Mr. Henderson says, in a foot-note : —
" The original copy of the lords' promises
is printed in the ' Maitland Miscellany,' iii.
188-91. The copy made by Randolph is
in the State Paper Office. Randolph states
that the qualifications ' lawful and just '
before ' actions,' and ' according to the word
of God,' after ' honour,' were added by the
lords. These qualifications virtually placed
Darnley entirely in their hands."
After making such a statement he ought
to have mentioned that these qualifying
words are not in the original, printed in
the ' Maitland Miscellany ' ; and he ought
also to have pointed out that, of the six
signatures to that original, only three
correspond with those which he gives in
his text. It may further be noted that,
in giving the names of those who signed
the warrant for imprisoning the Queen
in Loch Leven Castle, he omits that of
Lord Semple.
In quoting documents which are in the
vernacular Mr. Henderson usually repro-
duces the old spelling, but not infrequently
introduces variations. These variations
are probably due to carelessness : and
some of them d<> not tend to make the
meaning more obvious. " Ministered at'T
is not the equivalent of " ministrat " ; nor
is " lycht upon " (light upon) the same as
" lyeht upon " (lieth upon) ; and " boden
in feir of war " is not rendered more intel-
ligible by altering " feir " into " fear.'*
In a quotation in which Knox referred to
" nixt Sunday " as the 24th of August,.
Mr. Henderson makes it the 23rd ; but
Knox was right, for the 23rd was a Satur-
day. The Act of Parliament against the
Queen was passed on December 20th, not
on December 15th, 1567 ; and the quota-
tion which Mr. Henderson gives from it is
much abridged, although he does not say
so. That quotation, though abridged,
makes good sense, save for one misprint ;
but a quotation from the answer of the
English Council to Mary's demand is not
sense. Here is Mr. Henderson's sentence
in which it is embedded : —
" To the English Council, Elizabeth also
expressed her willingness to show Mary the
evidence, but if she did, then Mary must
' make answer without any cavillation for
lack of her admittance to the presence of
her Majesty or such like ' ; and by her
answer ' it sliall be proved either innocent or
culpable of the horrible crymes whereof she
is as yet accused, and not convynced ; and
if she shuld not by hir answer prove hirself
innocent, than of necessite, the Quenes
Majesty can never with hir honor show hir
any favor.' "
The words " it shall be proved," which
we have italicized, ought to be "it must
nedes ensue that the sayd Quene shall be
proved " ; and " but " has been omitted
after " yet."
Some of the misquotations may be
accounted for on the supposition that
Mr. Henderson has occasionally quoted
at second hand. One is loath to believe
that a writer of his standing would con-
descend to do such a thing ; and yet he
has, as may be thus proved. He says : —
" On the 15th Maitland therefore wrote
to Cecil that he had advised Mary to defer
her answer for a short time, and that mean-
while he should be glad to have Cecil's
' opinion how the same may be so framed,
so as neither be pained nor miscontented.'
He also thought it well to enlighten Cecil
again as to Mary's sentiments : she was
willing to do anything if ' made sure of her
title ' ; but ' to enter into a demand and find
a repulse, it would much offend her, being of
such courage,' &c."
As his authority for this he gives " Haynes,
' State Papers,' p. 373." Maitland's letter
is in Haynes, pp. 375-6 ; but there the
clauses Mr. Henderson quotes run thus : —
" Opinion how the same may be so framed
as therby neyther partyea be preinged or
miscontented. . . .made sure of that titill ....
to enter in so just a demande, and find in the
end a repulse, it wold so sore offend her,
being of BOChe a couraige and stomach."
In the ' Foreign Calendar, Elizabeth.'
iv. 410 n., Father Stevenson gives a
summary of the letter, avowedly derived
from Haynes. In that summary the
above-quoted clauses are thus given : —
" Opinion how the same may be so trained.
so as neither party be pained or miscontented
. . . .made sure of her title. . . .to enter into
a demand and find a repulse it would much
offend her, being of such courage."
320
THE ATHENJ8UM
N°4090, March 17, 1906
It is plain that Mr. Henderson has taken
liis extracts, not from Haynes, as he
profcs»c< to do, but from Stevenson's
summary. The context knight have led
him to suspect the word M pained " in
Stevenson. In Haynes " preinged " is,
of course, a misprint for " preiuged," that
is, " prejudged," not *' pained."
Mr. Henderson characterizes as incred-
ible the story which De Foix heard, that
Darnlev "found Mary and Riccio together
at midnight in a locked room, Riccio
having no other garments on than his
nightshirt." We do not for a moment
dispute the incredibility of the story, but
are not inclined to accept " nightshirt "
as the equivalent of " en chemise, couvert
settlement d'une robbe fourree."
Mary's life may be divided into three
periods : the first extending from her
birth in 1542 until her return from France
to Scotland in 1561 ; the second, from
that date until her flight into England in
1568 ; and the third, from her entry into
England until her execution in 1587. To
these periods Mr. Henderson has devoted
respectively 170 pp., 330 pp., and 115 pp.
In view of its duration, its hardships, and
the number of its plots and schemes, the
third period has received too little space
in proportion to the others. As the book
professes to be a biography, this dispro-
portion is not satisfactorily accounted
for by saying that " her political career
was really over " when she entered Loch
Leven Castle as a prisoner.
In Mr. Henderson's opinion Mary "could
hardly be termed pretty," and " much of
her charm," he thinks, " probably de-
pended on her air and manner." Though
her faults and weaknesses were prominent,
he holds that " she was by no means
lacking in excellent gifts and graces, or
even in characteristics that were generous
and noble." His theory is that until the
murder of Riccio she had known nothing
of passion. Her heart had been shut
against it by ambition ; but when passion
was awakened in her, '' it completely
possessed her." He believes that she was
a party to Darnley's murder, and that the
long Glasgow letter is genuine.
The book is vigorously written and
displays much critical acumen ; but
some of the phrases are rather inelegant,
and one or two savour of slang. Of the
numerous illustrations, several are very
good, many are very interesting, a few
are not what they profess to be, and some
are wretchedly poor. Several original
documents are printed in the appendix.
Some Dogmas of Religion. By J. M. E.
McTaggart. (Arnold.)
Dr. McTaggart, the enfant terrible of
contemporary Hegelianism, having posed
the philosophers — those at least of his
own school who were wont to regard their
principles as a specific against hedonism
and atheism — now proceeds to puzzle the
theologians, so far as these are something
less than metaphysicians. Most of the
present argument, as befits a review of
more or Jess popular notions, is dialectical,
not in Hegel's sense, but in Aristotle's ; it
reasons, not absolutely, but ad hominem.
The one and only rule of the game is that
your adversary must provide the stick
with which you beat him. For instance,
whilst admitting the existence of evil in
the world, your adversary might maintain
that God is at once omnipotent and per-
fectly benevolent. Thereupon you show
him that, in the light of his own definitions
of evil, omnipotence, and perfect benevo-
lence, this conjunction of attributes leads
to inconsistency — is absurd. You, mean-
while, on your part are committed to
nothing positive. So far as your own belief
is concerned, God may be neither omni-
potent nor benevolent — nay, there may
not even be a God at all.
Now there can be no doubt that this
sort of cross-examination of opinions,
when well managed, helps to clear the air.
And in the present case, it is hardly neces-
sary to say, this is exceedingly well
managed. Dr. McTaggart is a master of
clear definition and concise ratiocination.
Indeed, his clearness and conciseness are
of such exquisite quality that almost of
themselves they afford the impression of
wit. " Howr neat ! " we constantly find
ourselves exclaiming — a comment perhaps
more appropriate in any case than " How
true ! " when concepts rather than facts
compose the stuff that is being manipu-
lated. It is indeed a triumph of mind over
the immaterial that mere " positions,"
abstract and bloodless, should be taught
to weave their mazy dance with so rich a
spectacular effect. Only now and again,
as, for instance, where certain current
views of free will are met and exposed at
length, does the treatment verge on the
academic and set. Of course the book
will not appeal to those whose coarser
appetite no comedy of errors can stay,
but only the man-slaying gladiatorial
combat. Reference to persons is rare.
It is quite by way of exception that Dr.
Rashdall is cited by name and most
politely corrected ; and had he not pre-
viously, in ' Personal Idealism,' no less
politely corrected Dr. McTaggart ? Thus
your fighting philosopher is not given his
chance. The " humanist," for example,
who perhaps has at the present moment
the best claim to this title, can scarcely
feel inspired to defend a certain " argu-
ment that practice is supreme over theory"
that figures in conjunction with a certain
other " argument from consequences,"
against which it is asserted that " the
reality of our aspirations and desires gives
us no ground to hope they will be gratified."
Fatherless and friendless, the various
theses stand or fall by the intrinsic strength
or weakness of the sense imputed to them
by their critic. Or rather, tied down as
they are to a sense that is always naive
and short of philosophical, they are fore-
doomed to fall before Dr. McTaggart's
merciless logic. They fall and are put on
the "black fist"; and the bishop who
wishes to be consistent — but bishops are
practical men — would do well to consult
this catalogue of proscribed dogmas before
he lends the weight of his authority to
some piece of popular metaphysics.
Constructive doctrine, we have said, is
scarcely to be sought for here. In the
field of the opinionative Dr. McTaggart's
clue to ultimate truth, namely, the
Hegelian gnosis, would be out of place
and keeping. There are, however, at
least two suggestions of positive import
that call for notice. The first is a defini-
tion of religion : —
" How then shall we define religion ?
Religion is clearly a Btate of mind. It is
also clear that it is not exclusively the
acceptance of certain propositions as true.
It seems to me that it may best be described
as an emotion resting on a conviction of a
harmony between ourselves and the universe
at large."
Now some day, perhaps, it may become
generally recognized that all definition is
relative to the special purposes of its
framer. In the present case the end
immediately served is to show " that no
one dogma can be regarded as essential
to religion." The context and, still more,
the general tenor of the book prove that
by this is meant " no one actually existing
dogma." Dr. McTaggart is not one of
those absolutists who hold religion, as
such and in itself, to be mere " appear-
ance." He is simply a foe to cheap-and-
easy religion— especially to the kind of
religion that bases itself on authority : —
" No dogma — at any rate, no dogma of
religion — is asserted which is not denied by
able students. It follows that a man is not
entitled to believe a dogma except in so far
as he has investigated it for himself. And
since the investigation of dogma is a meta-
physical process, and religion must be based
on dogma, it follows further that no man is
justified in a religious attitude except as a
result of metaphysical study. The result
is sufficiently serious. For most people, as
the world stands at present, have not the
disposition, the education, and the leisure
necessary for the study of metaphysics. And
thus we are driven to the conclusion that,
whether any religion is true or not, most
people have no right to accept any religion,
as true." •
The upshot of this appears to be that
the only person who has the right to call
himself rehgious is the Hegelian, and,
since Hegel dispenses with a personal God,
but retains " a conviction of a harmony
[not here and now, but in the absolute]
between ourselves [or what is left of us]
and the universe at large," therefore this
conviction and the beatific effects thereof
constitute religion in its very essence.
Now such a view is intelligible enough —
nay, almost inevitable — in a thinker of
Dr. McTaggart's persuasion. But your
Hegelian notoriously " cosmologizes "
with difficulty — that is, finds it hard,
though his a priori logic be drawn on to
the full, to throw any light whatever on
the actual processes of life and nature.
Dr. McTaggart's mistake is to seek to
found his definition of religion on an appeal
to history. De jure religion may be what-
ever the absolutist conceives. De facto
it is an " emotion " (or better a " senti-
ment ") based on something far more
solid and lasting than any kind of in-
tellectual conviction, namely, on prac-
tice— on cult. No psychology of the
individual consciousness will suffice to
N° 4090, March 17, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
321
explain cult, but only a science or philo-
sophy of man as socialized, as the product
of an inter-subjective intercourse that
shapes itself gradually by the way of
" trial and error." It is useless, then,
for Dr. McTaggart to try, by means of
ingenious quibbling, to square his defini-
tion of religion with an ugly fact such
as that primitive cult exists mainly for
the propitiation of unfriendly and malig-
nant spirits (the worship of the good spirits
being regarded as entirely superfluous). It
is far better to realize that definitions are
relative, or, at all events, that the science
of comparative religion will never accept
a definition which suits its working pur-
poses so ill.
The other noteworthy contribution to
positive theory is a doctrine of pre-exis-
tence. This may be regarded as a corollary
to the plea for human immortality set
forth in ' Studies in Hegelian Cosmology,'
since the arguments offered for the one
appear to involve the other. Dr. McTag-
gart labours to show that the loss of
memory which pre-existence renders pro-
bable need not diminish the value of
immortality : —
" The past is not preserved separately in
memory,but it exists, concentrated and united,
in the present. Death is thus the most per-
fect example of the ' collapse into immediacy'
— that mysterious phrase of Hegel's — where
all that was before a mass of hard-earned
acquisitions has been merged in the unity of
a developed character. If we still think that
the past is lost, let us ask ourselves, as I sug-
gested before, whether we regard as lost all
those incidents in a friendship which, even
before death, are forgotten."
Would he but leave it there, Dr. McTag-
gart had almost persuaded us of the
plurality of lives, so potent the conjoint
magic of Hegel's immense phrase and of
the notion of a friendship enshrined in us
deeper than consciousness itself. But our
author insists on thrashing the subject out
till what might else have passed for a
mystery becomes a fantasy bordering on
a joke — the kind of conceit Plato, with
his sense of the limits of the philosophic
art, would have fathered on a banqueting
Aristophanes. Each person, we are told,
is brought by a sort of chemical affinity into
connexion with the new body most appro-
priate to him. This body might well be
similar to the ancestral bodies that begot
it, for these would have been the appro-
priate dwelling-places of similar souls ;
wherefore, incidentally, do our characters
resemble those of our forbears — a charm-
ing paradox. What Dr. McTaggart, how-
ever, forgets to explain is why a man
cannot be his own ancestor, that is,
ancestor after the body ; or can he ?
Another difficulty overlooked is that,
whereas to-day millions of souls have
bodies, in days gone by the available
bodies were limited to scarce as many
thousands. Is it possible that the reason
why primitive man was so beset with
spirits, whilst we live relatively unhaunted,
is to be sought in the diversions of un-
employed immortals, capable of killing
time, if unable to " do " it in the prison-
house of the flesh ? Or what, again, of
the animals? But we pause for a reply that
we hope Dr. McTaggart will one day give
us in the form of a Platonic myth.
The Life of Goethe. By Albert Biel-
schowsky. Translated by William A.
Cooper. Vol. I. 1749-1788. (Put-
nam's Sons.)
It is just fifty years since Lewes pub-
lished his ' Life of Goethe,' and it is
hardly too much to say that since then
nothing really satisfactory in the shape of
a full biography of the poet has been pro-
duced in English. It is true that Her-
mann Grimm's admirable series of lectures
and Duntzer's painstaking ' Life ' were
both translated ; but the former never
seems to have found much favour on this
side of the Atlantic, and the latter, for all
its solid merits, can scarcely be called
exhilarating. In any case, too, they
have both, like Lewes's fine work, neces-
sarily grown antiquated in many important
respects, and, considering the advances that
have been made during recent years in the
study of Goethe, we think it high time
that English readers should be provided
with something adequate and up to date.
The present translation of what is now
pretty generally acknowledged to be the
most sympathetic and readable of the
recent biographies should therefore be
accorded a hearty welcome, and we trust
that it may do something to modify the
unfriendly opinion regarding Goethe which
is still too prevalent amongst us. It is not
so very long since the conception of Goethe
as a cold, impassive observer — an Olym-
pian throned above the world, as Jean
Paul called him — was sufficiently common
even in Germany, and it still fingers on in
this country. One of the results of modern
Goethe-study has been to emphasize the
erroneousness of that idea, and probably
no one has been more successful than
Bielschowsky in bringing this home to
the public at large. Of course, it is per-
fectly true that Goethe, especially in his
later years, generally showed a calm and
apparently callous exterior ; but the heart
within him was always ready to beat far
more passionately than he would let the
world suppose. " Unter alien Besitz-
ungen auf Erden ist ein eigen Herz das
kostbarste," he wrote once, and this
possession of his heart he was always
resolute to keep at whatever price. But
he did not accomplish this without a long
and strenuous struggle, and it is an utter
mistake to imagine, as we are so apt to
do, that his youth was marked by the
serenity and strength of will character-
istic of his maturity. " It may be said,"
remarks Bielschowsky, " that half of
Goethe's life was gone before he succeeded
in adjusting an equilibrium between his
body and spirit, and establishing a just
balance among his various mental faculties,
so as to avoid serious disturbances in his
inner and outer life." He felt it his duty
to exercise a rigorous self-control, which
sometimes had the appearance of coldness
or indifference, but was, in fact. 'merely
the persistent effort to harmonize his
really vehement and passionate nature.
His emotions were profound, but he would
not let himself be carried away by them ;
and even when he gave poetical expres-
sion to them, as he so often did, it was
never in a narrow and personal sense.
He sought to strip them of what was
personal and accidental, to get at their
inner truth, and express that — an in-
finitely harder proceeding, if seldom so
popular ; and it is this that makes him
so great as a writer and gives his finer
work its enduring quality, rendering it
equally significant for all periods. " Goethe
and life are one,"' said Rahel ; and
assuredly life may continually teach us
to read Goethe, and Goethe teach us to
read fife, a little better. He, at least,
gained a height from which he could con-
template it all without confusion ; and
when we are dismayed by the opposition
of the brute world, and feel helpless to
confront it, we may look up to him, not
without wonderment and consolation.
" Goethe accompagne notre ame sur les
rivages de la mer de la Serenite," says
Maeterlinck beautifully ; and he does so
not only in his writings, but also in his
life, which possibly was, as some of his
friends considered, the greatest of all his
works of art.
However that may be, such a life is
undoubtedly worth studying, and of
Bielschowsky's merits as a biographer
there can be little question. He has a
thorough knowledge of " the science that
is called Goethe " — the science that has
assumed such terrifying proportions in
these days — but he exercises it discreetly
and without pedantry, and, though his
work runs to some twelve hundred pages,
he never becomes teasingly minute.
After all, a satisfactory life of Goethe
cannot be written in a brief space ; he
lived and worked beyond the span of
ordinary mortals, and what with his
autobiography, diaries, volumes upon
volumes of letters, conversations, and the
like, we know far too much about him
and his concerns to make that possible.
Moreover, the treatment of his purely
literary works rightly occupies a large
place in his biography. Bielschowsky
has fully recognized the truth of the poet's
saying that these are all " fragments of
a great confession," and not only borrows
largely and skilfully from them in his
narrative, but also discusses the more
important of them at length ; and
although we may sometimes feel inclined
to dispute his contentions — as, to take a
signal example, in his interpretation of
' Tasso ' — his criticism is always remark-
ably stimulating, subtle, and sympathetic
Finally, the artistic qualities of his work
are of a high order : he writes clearly and
gracefully, and has the power of present-
ing vivid pictures of persons and things,
so that his ' Life of Goethe ' possesses
unusual attractions for the general reader.
as, indeed, is sufficiently proved by the
popularity which it has gained in Germany.
The present volume, which takes us
down to 1788, shows us Goethe in his
glowing and turbulent youth at Frankfort,
Leipsio, and Stnsburg ; then at Weimar,
where he painfully acquires a knowledge
322
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4090, March 17, 1906
of his real self and his chief aim in life ;
and finally in Italy, where he grasps his
genius firmly once for all. Where nearly
everything is excellent, it is perhaps need-
less to single out any special portion for
praise, but we may call attention to the
chapter entitled ' Inner Struggles ' as an
admirable example of Bielschowsky's
method. These few pages, consisting for
the most part of skilfully selected quota-
tions, offer a truer conception of Goethe's
career and personality than many a
lengthy treatise.
Upon the translation we can bestow
cordial praise. Mr. Cooper approves him-
self a competent German scholar, and a
writer of sound English as well. His
rendering is now and then a trifle loose : to
take the first instance that comes to hand,
when Bielschowsky says of Goethe that
he was sometimes " so schwach und
verzagt als ob er ein Steinchen, das auf
dem Wege lag, nicht fortschaffen konnte,"
it is not sufficiently exact to translate " so
weak and faint-hearted as to be annoyed
by a pebble in his path." But it is very
seldom that we come upon any positive
errors of translation, and doubtless these
are mostly slips, as, for example, in the
passage referring to Napoleon's affection
for ' Werther,' where the English version
unjustifiably credits Alexander the Great
with a sevenfold perusal of Homer. It is
perhaps worth while to correct a small
error on p. 53, where Schlosser is said to
be twelve instead of ten years senior to
Goethe. We note also a few omissions,
for the most part of no great consequence ;
the most serious seems to be that of the
English verses written by Goethe in one
of his impetuous letters to Behrisch, and
quoted in full by Bielschowsky. Surely
it would interest English readers to know
that the great German could, in his student
days, drop into poetry, somewhat after the
fashion of Silas Wegg, and produce lines
like these : —
What pleasure, God ! of like a flame to burn,
A virteous fire, that ne'er to vice can turn.
What volupty ! when trembling in my arms,
The bosom of my maid my bosom warmeth !
Finally, it only remains to say that the
publishers have sent out the volume in
handsome guise, and have furnished it
with a number of portraits, which give it,
in one respect at least, an advantage
over the German edition.
I?iaugural Lecture on the Study of History.
By Charles Oman. (Oxford, Clarendon
Press.)
We think that the Chichele Professor's
inaugural lecture will hold high rank in
a class of literature which contains many
fine examples both of thought and style.
It is remarkable for several characteristics
and for a good deal of courage. From
start to finish it is lively ; the writing,
while it is occasionally of great dignity,
is sometimes brilliant and even humorous.
This is no commonplace merit in a uni-
versity professor. The academic mind is
not usually favourable to liveliness of
style ; and in a study which becomes daily
more teutonized in its methods, such
graces are too often regarded as vicious.
It is easy to be either learned or lively ; but
it is not at all easy to be both at once.
Consequently dullness is set up as an idol
to be worshipped by students of " peoples,
nations, and languages," and those who
refuse to fall before the shrine are cast into
the fiery furnace of the pedant's criticism,
and charged with levity , or (worst of crimes ! )
the picturesque. Now both by example and
precept Mr. Oman is the adversary of this
view, and puts strongly the case against
it. The pure research-lover never has
produced and never will produce history
which the public will read ; and though
we admit that truth, not amusement, is
the aim of the historian, it is idle to deny
that truth finds more lasting hold when it
is set forth in a way that does not outrage
the sense of beauty. In another respect
Mr. Oman differs (and we think differs
wisely) from the view of the lover of
research at any price. He has no desire
to add to the technical side of the Honour
School of Modern History. It is absurd,
and, indeed, impossible, to treat a school of
that magnitude as though for the vast
majority of the candidates it was to be
the introduction to a lifetime of research.
Doubtless one could turn the History
School either at Oxford or at Cambridge
into a (probably inefficient) Ecole des
Chartes. But there is one drawback :
one would kill the school in the process.
That might be a good thing. It is by no
means certain that history as studied for
examination, which means getting up
information from lectures or text-books,
is a good instrument of education. But
that for its adherents it can ever be any-
thing but an instrument of education (good
or bad) we hold to be impossible in the
nature of things, or rather of things Eng-
lish. Further, we think Prof. Oman fully
justified in pointing out that the historian
is born, and not made ; that he becomes
great through obstacles, not by having
his path smoothed. Consider the crowded
lives of Stubbs, Gardiner, Creighton, and
compare their volume of production with
that of those who had neither livings
nor pupils to hamper them. One
thing is certain : the historian is con-
cerned with human life, and, except
in rare instances, a course artificially
removed from many of its harassing
incidents will go far to counterbalance
the time and information gained, because
it will narrow the judgment and lower
the estimate of the possible. Many
Germans are, we think, sufferers in this
way.
Mr. Oman argues, and rightly, that the
way to become an historian is simply
to resolve to use any odd moment for
work, and not to " take all knowledge for
one's province." Limitation of aim is
as necessary as largeness of outlook to
the production of anything at all in this
world of bounded horizons. He illustrates
this thesis by a reference so pertinent
and so well expressed that we cannot
forbear quoting it in conclusion. De-
scribing the Acton library — at once a
monument of a high ideal and a tragedy
of practical achievement — he relates how
Acton
" started to read history early ; he was
granted a long life, he had ample leisure, he
was able to collect such a library of its kind
as England had never before seen .... He
describes how the plan of his work necessi-
tated the accumulation of such a mass of
detailed material that no single human brain
could possibly deal with it. I went down
into Shropshire to look at that famous
library before it was removed to Cambridge ;
never was there such a pathetic sight of
wasted labour. The owner had read it all ;
there were shelves on shelves on every con-
ceivable subject — Renaissance sorcery — the
fueros of Aragon — Scholastic Philosophy —
the growth of the French Navy — American
exploration — Church Councils — and many
books were full of hundreds of cross-refer-
ences, in pencil noting passages as bearing
on some particular development or evolu-
tion in modern life or thought. There were
pigeon-holed cabinets with literally thousands
of compartments, into each of which were
sorted scores of little white papers with
references to some particular topic, so
drawn up (as far as I could judge) that no
one but the compiler could easily make out
the drift of the section. Arranged in the
middle of the long two-storied room was a
sort of altar or column composed entirely
of unopened parcels of new books from
continental publishers. They were appa-
rently coming in at the rate of ten or fifteen
books a week, and the owner had evidently
tried to keep pace with the accumulation —
to digest and annotate them all, and work
them into his vast thesis — whatever it was.
For years apparently he must have been
engaged on this Sisyphean task. Over all
there were brown holland sheets, a thick
coating of dust, the motes dancing in the
pale September sun, a faint aroma of musti-
ness proceeding from thousands of seven-
teenth and eighteenth century leather bind-
ings in a room that had been locked up since
its owner's death. I never saw any sight
which so much impressed on me the vanity
of human life. A quarter of the work that
had been spent on making these annotations
and filling those pigeon-holes would have
produced twenty volumes of good history —
perhaps an epoch-making book that might
have lived for centuries. "
A People at School. By H. Fielding Hall.
(Macmillan & Co.)
It is more than seven years since Mr.
Fielding Hall, under the name of H.
Fielding, published ' The Soul of a People,*
a book which, in its class, has attained
an astonishing measure of success. Few,
indeed, would have cared to prophesy
in 1898 that a volume dealing with
Burmese thoughts and ideas would, as
' The Soul of a People ' has done, reach a
fourth edition, with no aid, moreover, from
illustration such as frequently enhances
the popularity of works connected with
Eastern countries. Mr. Hall appealed
for a verdict on his own merits alone, and,
as far as editions are a test of merit, he
obtained a verdict of a most favourable
character. He now appears before the
reading public with a second book on
almost the same subject as that of his
first, although his pen has not been
altogether idle nor deserted Burmese
N° 4090, March 17, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
323
topics entirely in the interval. ' A People
at School,' however, may be called the
author's next serious work after ' The
Soul of a People.' Some curiosity must
arise at the outset to see in what way Mr.
Hall considers that his earlier book re-
quired supplementing. In anticipation of
this, he explains in a brief preface that the
point of view is different in the two books.
" That was of feelings and emotions and
ideals," he says,
" of the inner life as they [the Burmans]
understand it. It was individual, of man
and woman. This is of the outer life, of
success and failure, of progress and retro-
gression judged as nations judge each other.
It is of the Burmese as a race. ' '
He does not think that there is any dis-
accord between the two works. Thus
prepared, the reader begins ' A People at
School.' Yet when he comes to the end
of it, it would be but natural if he could
not reconcile the two. Let us suppose that
he has neither, on the one hand, seen
Burma for himself, nor, on the other,
suffered his views to be formed by the
class of Europeans who look on the
Burmese as lazy scamps because they
prefer to let the coolie-labour required
under Western government be performed
by Indian immigrants. (The testimony
of this class, it may be said in parenthesis,
is about as valuable, by itself, as that of
the coast-port resident concerning China,
or that of the foreign merchant in Kobe
or Yokohama about Japan.) Such a
reader, before he read either of Mr. Hall's
books, probably had a vague idea that the
Burmese were a charming and amiable
people, who, in spite of being priest-
ridden, did not take life too seriously.
When he finished ' The Soul of a People,'
he had his ideas about the charm of the
Burmese, man and woman, strongly con-
firmed. Therein he saw an almost idyllic
picture, which perhaps made him sigh at
the contrast of the life around him, and
regret that this could not take on the best
features of life among the Burmese. And
now ? Well, in brief, the reader is for-
bidden to believe that that people can go on
as they are, or that they would be worthy
of continued nationality if they did.
The difficulty can be best explained by
taking two examples. In ' The Soul of a
People ' much attention was devoted, as
is inevitable in a book dealing with Burma,
to the two subjects of woman and of the
priesthood, or rather monkhood. With
regard to women, Mr. Hall in his first
book wrote with admiration of the freedom
which they enjoy in Burma and their
almost perfect equality with men. In ' A
People at School ' he insists that changes
must come (especially in the laws of
marriage and of inheritance, which con-
tribute so much to the present status of
Burmese women), to the detriment of the
position as it now is, and that with woman's
independence will disappear her free-will
and influence. Women in Burma
" have had their day. They have con-
tributed to make the nation what it is, gay,
insouciant, feminine. They have brought
religion to the pitch it reached. But the
world is a man's world, and now that
Burma has come out of the nursery it must
learn to be a man. ' '
The point concerning the monks and
the religion which they teach follows
naturally. It was an enthusiastic picture
that Mr. Hall drew of Burmese Buddhism
in his first book. Now we are told that
Buddhism has lost much of its former
position in the country, and, although
there is no likelihood that it will be replaced
by any other creed, yet there are too many
monks, too many monasteries. The monks
must be reduced in number, the old pagoda
ruins must be cleared away from the sites
which they occupy. So, too, the excessive
tenderness to animal life must go. And
why 1 The answer is one that may
surprise the missionaries working in
Burma. Because, Mr. Hall says, Bud-
dhism is now becoming to the Burmese
what Christianity is to Europe, the second
truth in life. The Burmese must learn
the worship of the God Necessity, the
maker of men : —
" That is the lesson the world has to
teach. It is the first of all lessons and
the truest. It is the most beautiful. It
is the gospel of progress, of knowledge,
of happiness. And it is taught not by
book and sermon, but by spear and
sword, by suffering and misery, by starva-
tion and death ; not by sorrow imagined in
the future, but very imminent to-day."
Had this passage occurred in ' The Soul
of a People,' it would assuredly have been
read as ironical. But here it is undoubt-
edly in earnest. In future, the writer
says a few pages later, Buddhism will
cease to be a hindrance and will become a
helpmeet (to the religion of Necessity,
that is to say), and then it will enter
into the national fife as it does not now.
We have dwelt on these points because
by so doing the pith of Mr. Hall's book is
best revealed. It is difficult to say
whether there is the accord between his
two studies which he claims. Perhaps
we shall be just in saying that ' A People
at School ' is the tonic required after ' The
Soul of a People.' In the latter the author
described and admired ; in the former he
criticizes. The two attitudes are com-
plementary, and one may be glad that by
keeping them apart Mr. Hall has been
able to produce two works of real interest,
even though he offers at the same time a
problem in reconciliation. ' A People at
School ' will never, we think, attain the
popularity of ' The Soul of a People ' : the
tonic is never sought like the sweet. But
it deserves to be read in conjunction with
the other book, and no one can read it
without learning much about some ten
millions of our fellow-subjects.
NEW NOVELS.
The Healers. By Maarten Maartens.
(Constable & Co.)
This is a story one can read twice on first
acquaintance, to use a Hibernianism. It
is pleasanter to return to many a lively
passage than to record at once a judgment
on the good work before us. And there
are difficulties in treating it in a short
review. The number and complexity of
the characters, for example — all vivid,
down to the group of Italian peasants,
personally conducted to Paris for examina-
tion on a matter of family history — almost
tend to embarrass an estimate. Of all
these the Lisse family stands first. The
old Baron of Bardwyk, and professor at
Leyden — the tenderest-hearted man that
ever vivisected frog, and withal as fine a
gentleman as ever came of ancient race —
is mated to an absent-minded " Muse,"
whose masterpiece of ' Balaam ' engrosses
her as much as her spouse's private
microbe, " the Semicolon," occupies his
mind to the exclusion of minor topics.
The Baroness regards her professor as one
of the greatest of men, and their principal
private ambition is that their son should
follow his father's footsteps. But for
that the boy has no bent ; he has too
much of the paternal softness of heart.
Twice, at crucial moments, he fails his
father when the latter has relied upon him
for the completion of an experiment.
The Professor takes it nobly, and even
undergoes a plunge into politics to find
another career for his son ; but eventually
Edward gravitates to science, and becomes
famous on the side of psychical research.
His father wonders and admires, but
regrets the omission to introduce inocula-
tion as a cure for madness. All this
antagonism between kindred natures is
admirably described, in its daily dis-
tresses and its ultimate effects. The love
interests in the story are treated with
delicacy and warmth ; it is, indeed, per-
vaded by humanity, in smiles and tears.
One of the best characters is the Aber-
donian lady who devotes her life to the
humanizing of Parisian butchers.
Hyacinth. By George Birmingham.
(Arnold.)
There is little or nothing of romance
in Mr. Birmingham's new story. It is
rather a careful, interesting, but unenthu-
siastic picture of social and political con-
ditions amongst the middle classes in
Ireland. Hyacinth Conneally, reared in
a remote Protestant rectory on the shores
of the Atlantic, mistakes the narrow
parochialism of his neighbours for dis-
interested patriotism. At Trinity College,
Dublin, he falls under the influence of a
small party of violent Nationalists, amongst
whom is at least one recognizable portrait ;
but being by nature intensely honest, he
finds the political path too devious to
tread with comfort to his conscience.
Retiring to the country, he again finds
commercial advertisement masquerading
as patriotism, and the nuns of a convent
underselling the tradesmen by means of
underpaying their workers. Hyacinth's
residence with the Quinns and his marriage
with the clergyman's daughter modify
his actions, if not his views ; but his
English curacy does nothing to quench
the burning desire to fight for his country,
which brings him back finally to his
father's old living, as obstinately dis-
satisfied as when he left it. His career
is entirely disheartening ; but the story is
324
Til K ATI! KNJEUM
N*4090, Mai.tii 17, ]UOC
one Of remaikahle inteie-t ;m interest
due to Mi. RLrnunghauTs naeetery <>f t h«-
-ituation. and an entire lack of per-oiial
DIM, irbiofa doe- not, as might l>e e\pe« ted.
deprive the nanati\e of vitality.
S,n,i. Clmy. By -lames Blyth. (K.
Grant Richards.)
This is another story of the East Anglian
marshlands, by the author of ' Juicy Joe.'
Mr. lily t li holds that if you scratch a
society man you lind a peasant ; and so
far one need have no particular quarrel
with him. But lie appears further to
believe that when you scrateh a peasant
you find a rather unpleasant animal, with
little beyond his superior cunning to dis-
tinguish him from the beasts of the field.
The story is not pleasant, but, since it
deals unflinchingly with all that is basest
in human nature, and treats all passion
as purely animal, it will probably be
acclaimed in many quarters as a piece of
genuine realism. It is a weakness of the
novel-reading public, which provides the
cynic with much amusement, that every
one is prepared to admit the realism of a
picture of human viciousness, whatever
may be thought of equally sound studies
of life's brighter sides. The reviewer
would not accuse Mr. Blyth of untruth-
fulness : he is aware that the marshlands
support some tolerably unmoral people.
But this story might have been lightened
and improved if its author had taken
account of the many honest and clean-
minded people who also earn their livings
in East Anglia. There is a danger against
which such realists as Mr. Blyth should
be specially on their guard — that of
dwelling long enough on certain aspects
of life to earn the condemnation which
healthy readers mete out to the salacious
writer. The doctor in this story is not to
be justified. He is not essential, and his
nastiness is demonstrated with unneces-
sary emphasis.
The Pathway of the Pioneer. By Dolf
Wyllarde. (Methuen & Co.)
George Gissing wrote, with much of his
surprising knowledge and vigour, about
the dreary, shadowed existence of those
whom he called " the odd women." The
name expresses their status admirably.
The conditions of their lives appeared in
bis study horribly real and painful. But
though the subject of ' The Pathway of
the Pioneer ' is almost the same, the
treatment is miles apart. We mention
the two books in a breath because the
present story lacks almost all the essentials
shown in the other. The motive is still
new enough in fiction, and contains
rich veins for explorers. But here we
find weakness rather than strength. The
want of grip, if not the want of infor-
mation, is obvious. The portraiture of a
group of six or seven " self-supporting "
girls is not convincing. The personality
of a cat named R. L. Stevenson is irritat-
ingly obtrusive, and no humour excuses
the insistence of its being.
'I'h' Houit of Shadow. By Reginald J.
Fairer. (Arnold.)
WiiKTllKK Suicide be a legitimate mean-
of escape from t lit* tyranny of hereditary
fatal disease limy ninain a matter of
private opinion, but it may safely be
ited that the workings of BOOb a
disease and the study of sheer physical
pain are not pleasing topics for fiction.
Mr. Kami's story opens with the realist i<
death throes of a wife who has deceived
an adoring husband. Twenty-five years
later this husband, who has lived as a
recluse, devoting himself to the boy he
imagines to be his son, discovers himself
to be in the grip of an agonizing and
incurable malady. Religious conviction
prevents Mr. Ladon from following the
example of his niece, who, making the
same discovery on the eve of her marriage,
takes her own way out of it ; but his
religious scruples do not prevent him
from conceiving a diabolical scheme of
revenge upon his undesirable daughter-
in-law, whereby she is to be the agent of
his release. There is a certain grandeur
in Barbara's final act, upon which a quite
other price is set when the dying man
realizes the secret of St. John's birth and
that the hereditary taint can go no further.
The characters are drawn with a vivid
touch, but not one is genuinely agreeable.
The Might of a Wrong-doer. By Shirley
Brice. (John Long.)
In this story a young man is, by the death
of his dissipated uncle, left lord of a big
country place, and is the recipient of
almost feudal attentions from the neigh-
bouring village. He falls in love, and
seems destined for happiness, when a
revelation of crime puts an end to him.
The mystery involved is well concealed.
The author, who is evidently a lady, has
distinct talent for writing : at present she
makes a rather pretentious display of
philosophy, which is disconcerting, and
she overdoes some of the sentiment attach-
ing to first love and to childish prattle.
But her rustics are good, and the whole is
attractive enough to make us look for
more from the same hand.
The Girl in Waiting. By Archibald Eyre.
(Ward, Lock & Co.)
This story belongs to a class now prevalent
in fiction, the short extravaganza. It does
not lack the modern essentials of the
genus — liveliness and flippancy. If it
serves to while away a stray hour or so,
it will have accomplished what we may
take to be the reason of its existence. As
a whole its tone is not quite equal, as the
airs of comedy and farce are intermingled
a little too crudely. The heroine of the
impossible adventure is a creature built
on the latest developments in girlhood,
yet pleasant enough.
she beoame a reportet and interviewer
for a ladie-' new - pap r -lie had, Ii"wc\m,
divided her affection, equally, l**tween a
sick husband and a (ovei who never
OUred for her. and who rnarrie~ a young
gill about the time of the hu-b.u
death. She then " piclu up'" a writer
whose hook -lie has favourably review<
She intend- to heroine bifl rni-tre— . hut
lie forgives bei peal frankly telle it,
her love for her son by the first lover, and
even an interview brought about by the
heroine between the first lover and his
son. The book ends with the happy
marriage. It is more popular in Fran
where the plot is impossible, than it in
likely to be here, where it in perhaps con-
ceivable. No Frenchman of the kind
chosen by Madame Tinayre for her hi
would marry her heroine in the circum-
stances. A good Englishman might.
We venture to differ from the unani-
mous Parisian opinion, and we think this
volume by the gifted author inferior to
her last two considerable tales. We go
further, and think it inferior to most of her
other complete novels ; but then we
differ also from critics on this side of the
water (who may agree with us as to this
last book) in thinking ' La Vie Amoureuse
de Francois Barbazanges ' superior even
to ' La Maison du Peche,' unreservedly as
we praised that volume on its appearance,
and before its fame.
That Madame Tinayre is a remarkable
and versatile writer is proved by the very
feuds which rage round the order in merit
assigned by various critics to her very
varied books.
La Rcbclle. By Marcelle Tinayre. (Paris,
Calmann-Le vy . )
Madame Tinayre's feminist heroine is
represented as a good woman. Before
ENGLISH CLASSICS.
Underwoods. By Ben Jonson. — The Seven
Deadly Sinnes of London. By Thomas
Dekker. (Cambridge, University Press.) —
Perhaps no work of Jonson's displays its
author's personality in a clearer or more
favourable light than his ' Underwoods,' the
last vintage of his middle age, published after
his death by his admirers, cineri gloria sera,
and now happily included in this magnificent
series of Cambridge fine type books. 'Under-
woods ' serves to accentuate the distinction
between the popular notion of the poet and
his real character — between the blustering,
imperious, hidebound critic, envious of
powers he could not emulate, of excellences
his principles forbade him to admire, a
tyrant among the smaller fry, a sycophant to
the great, and the real man, the trusted
friend of his equals in age, the adored leader
of poetic youth, a typical burly North-
Countryman. prejudiced, warm-hearted, fond
of all the good things life could bring — an
Elizabethan of the English rather than the
Italianate variety. His name and fame
suffer, it is true, from his proximity to Sbak-
s] u are ; his merits are overlooked because
they are so different from those of his
Titan contemporary, and our ignorance
annuls the judgment of his time, and in its
stead pronounces none worth consideration.
It is hardly likely that the first popular
verdict will ever again be universally
accepted. The playwright and poet who
dominated dramatic literature in the seven-
teenth century fell into obscurity in the
eighteenth ; and the nineteenth has passed
on to the twentieth the task of furnishing
N°4090, March 17,
1906
THE ATHEN^UM
325
an edition of his works worthy of his name
and scholarship.
Jonson, with all his English qualities, was
much more in sympathy with the main trend
of the dramatic endeavour of his time than
Shakspeare, and his work had more influence
on the English stage. Seventeenth-century
dramatists, though not blind followers of his
practice, admitted his principles, and when
they departed from them considered them-
selves as deteriora sequentes. The comedy of
the seventeenth century trod in the paths that
Jonson had opened, but in other dramatic
work his influence was less direct. His
mastery of the masque-form led to little ;
the catastrophe of the Great Rebellion
followed his death so closely as to rob
the masque of any further development ;
its permanent influence survived only in
the spectacular side of the opera of
Purcell and his contemporaries. Jonson's
mastery of the lyric, great as it was, was
never complete and sure ; and even at
his best some subtle element of charm is
lacking which lesser men, his friends or
followers, attained without effort. As a
satirist he stands alone till Dry den comes,
yet even the volume before us has specimens
of coarse vilification as scurrilous as Martial.
His gnomic verse, his elegies, even on the
most unlikely subjects, invariably succeed ;
his translations almost as invariably fail,
the exception being the exquisite song by
which he is, perhaps, best known.
In ' Underwoods ' his work, except on its
dramatic side, is fully and adequately repre-
sented. The susceptibility of middle-aged
poets is well known, but did ever one of
them give more tender, more graceful ex-
pression to his love story than the ' Celebra-
tion of Charis ' ? — a suite whose beauty is
so great that we pardon Jonson for using in
it a song from ' The Devil is an Ass,' written
some twenty years earlier, even without
altering the abominable line
And from her arched brows such a grace,
as impossible to sing as difficult to scan.
Among so many gems it is not easy to
select a few for special remark, but one
cannot help noticing the puzzling fact that
with an essentially cynical, if externally
chivalrous, view of woman, Jonson is capable
of writing verse almost feminine in its
qualities of insight and feeling ; witness
'Jealousy' and "I love, and he loves me
againe." In "Oh doe not wanton with
those eyes " he reaches, almost at a stroke,
the height of expression of which the form
is capable ; and the same might be said of
such elegies as those on Vincent Corbet, or
Cary and Morison : —
A Lillie of a Day,
Is fairer farre, in May,
Although it fall, and die that night,
It was the Plant, and floure of light.
It is, then, no small service that the Cam-
bridge University Press has rendered in
reprinting this volume — its first appearance,
we believe, as a separate book. All those
who like to read good literature in a worthy
form must join in thanking Cambridge for
the opportunity.
Dekker's ' Seven Deadly Sinnes of London'
is an apologue to which those desirous of an
animated picture of London by day or night
in the first years of James I. may turn.
Written in a week, it is a strange medley of
the sermon and vivacious satire with accu-
rate description, full of strange imagery,
quaintly yet strongly told. It has been
reprinted by Payne Collier and by Prof.
Arber. There is nothing precisely like it in
our language, as the former has said, and it
is well worth its place in this series.
These works, however, make an appeal to
us not only on the intrinsic merits of their
matter, but also as an attempt at fine printing
by one of the first of English presses. Now
this requires a number of simultaneous
excellences : good paper, type, ink, type-
setting, and press-work, including uniform
inking and accurate register. The type is,
on the whole, well designed, with the excep-
tion of the lower-case w, which is not cut
away enough, and leaves, therefore, the
impression on the eye of a dark blot on the
page wherever it occurs. The inking is not
regular, so that at every fresh sheet the
difference in colour is obvious ; and in the
case of the ' Seven Sinnes ' the typesetting
is extremely careless. Great " rivers " of
white run down the pages, and on some of
them not a single line seems properly set.
Though the first books of the series may be
judged by the intentions of its designers,
and faults of execution passed over com-
paratively lightly, the later works should
show marked improvement in technical
matters, and these do not.
Another matter should be mentioned.
The prospectus for ' Underwoods ' describes
it as " printed from the folio of 1616,"
which is absurd, since many of the poems in
it are dated, e.g. 1634. One can understand
what the writer meant, but why did he not
say it ? Again, we cannot understand the
statement in the prospectus of the ' Seven
Sinnes,' " This edition is printed from the
rare issue of 1606." It is not, being repro-
duced from the less rare edition of Prof.
Arber, and containing his copyright mistakes,
e.g. p. 21, 1. 2, lowest for lowdest ; 1. 6, funde
for tunde (tuned) ; 1. 15, feollowes for
feollwes ; p. 36, 1. 20, byeway for hye-way,
p. 45 (four changes), &c. None of these is of
importance. In the case of ' Underwoods,'
one serious error has been made in the fourth
line of " Oh doa not wanton with those eyes,"
which is printed " Let shame destroy their
being." The three copies of the original we
have consulted give the correct reading,
"Lest." We hesitate to point out a
number of divergences from the texts we
have consulted, for the simple reason that
at this period (1640) differences between
copies of the same edition are^'of common
occurrence. j ^
Poems on Several Occasions. By Matthew
Prior. The Text edited by A. R. Waller.
(Cambridge, University Press.) — This is the
first of two volumes of the " English
Classics " intended to comprise the works of
Matthew Prior, the most pampered and spoilt,
if one of the most amiable, of eighteenth-
century poets. The volume is derived from
the famous folio of 1718, presumably the
tallest of poetical works, which has been
collated with previous and subsequent
editions, authorized and unauthorized. It
is a curious fact that the authorship of many
of the poems ascribed to Prior is as uncertain
as the scene of his birth, which is variously
ascribed to Middlesex and Dorset. It has,
indeed, been assumed that some of the
Eoems expressly repudiated by Prior may
e his after all, and that his disclaimers are
to be accepted in a Pickwickian sense.
Animated and licentious enough are the
tales in the fashion of La Fontaine with
which Prior is credited, some being even
more free than the originals. Johnson, it
is true, treated them with special favour,
saying with remarkable leniency, in the
life of the poet, that " the language is easy
and seldom gross," and adding in conversa-
tion, according to Boswell (' Life of Johnson,'
ed. Birkbeck Hill, iii. 192), " No, Sir, Prior
is a lady's book. No lady is ashamed to
have it standing in her library." By com-
parison with the poems included in " Mis-
cellanies " issued as Prior's this eulogy may
seem merited. Poems of Hildebrand Jacob,
for instance, which saw the light in compila-
tions of the kind, occupy a place midway
between the acknowledged obscenities of
Rochester and the but half avowed gaieties
of the Earl of Haddington or of Robert
Burns. The more disputable works of Prior
will form part of the following volume.
Meanwhile the longer poems in the present
volume include ' Alma ' and ' Solomon,' the
latter of which Prior acknowledges to have
been a failure. It contains, however, the
delightful lines concerning Abra : —
Abra, She so was call'd, did soonest hast
To grace my Presence : Abra went the last :
Abra was ready e'er I called her Name ;
And tho' I call'd another, Abra came.
The reprint is welcome, and constitutes not
the least attractive volume of an excellent
series.
To the zeal of Prof. Harold Littledale and
the liberality of Mr. Rogers Rees, the owner,
we owe the gift of a " lacustrine " relic of
no ordinary interest. The dainty little book
entitled Poems and Extracts chosen by
William Wordsworth (Frowde), which comes
as harbinger of yet another literary series
— " The Oxford Library of Prose and Poetry"
— is nothing less than a literal and paginal
reproduction of the album compiled by the
poet, transcribed by his wife's sister, Sarah
Hutchinson, and presented to Lady Mary
Lowther, with a dedicatory sonnet ( ' Misc.
Son.,' II. xvn.), at Christmastide, 1819. A
preface from the pen of the owner describes
the external features of the album, which
include an original pen-and-ink profile of
Wordsworth, dated 1839, by an artist whose
monograph signature is undecipherable. An
etching of this profile serves as frontispiece,
and a facsimile of the dedication, with the
poet's signature in his neatest script, as
antechamber, so to speak, to the " grotto
bright," or body of the work. Prof. Little-
dale, who edits the text, adds an excellent
introduction and notes.
The contents, which are mainly of a
pensive or elegiac cast, comprise a number
of poems and fragments by Anne, Countess
of Winchilsea, whose verse Wordsworth
valued highly as that of one who " kept
her eye fixed upon her object." To her are
assigned thirty-two out of the ninety-two
pages of the manuscript. The other poets
represented are Akenside (five pieces), Shak-
speare and Thomson (three), Waller and
Wither (two), Webster, Daniel, Sir John
Beaumont, Carew, Mar veil, Mrs. Killigrew,
Capt. Thomas James, Pope, Dyer, Mickle,
Armstrong, Mrs. Pilkington, Smart, Dod-
dridge, Beattie, Miss Jane Warton, Lang-
horne, and Cowper (one each). The caviller
will doubtless say of Wordsworth, what
Hazlitt more than once remarked of Cole-
ridge, that " somehow he always contrives
to prefer the unknown to the known." But
an unprejudiced perusal of the verses here
brought together will serve to justify the
poet's choice. " The Parnassian ore," as
Prof. Littledale observes, " may be only
' mildly gleaming,' not of the richest quality
perhaps ; but the true metal is there ; the
sparkle is of gold, not of any baser material."
Perhaps the most interesting piece in the
collection is the ' Epitaph' by Capt. James on
those of his ship's crew who had died at
Charlton Island during the winter of 1631-2.
These profoundly moving lines — they are re-
printed, by the way, in Trench's 'Household
Book of English Poetry ' — occur in their
author's ' Strange and Dangerous Voyage
... .in his Intended Discovery of the North-
West Passage into the South Sea' (1633)—
a book believed on good grounds to ha\e
furnished Colerid£e with some vivid imagery
for ' The Ancient Mariner.' An extract
from Armstrong's unfamiliar ' Art of pre-
serving Health ' is notable as containing a
couple of lines quoted by Lamb in his essay
326
T II K ATM ENJSUM
N 1090. March 17, 1906
entitled ' Newspapers Thirty-Five Sean
Ago ' :—
m iih bol) n rem m ■ i ippra u ii I ba rtw i>
\\ Item ■■ Kittle the -in-un^ rsnownsd in uuii-nt -"ii;;.
For hi- knowledge "I Armstrong'^ poem,
n< well us ni tin' passages here given from
Wither's ' Fair \ irtue and ' The Shepherd's
Hunting,1 end of the ' Dinre ' bom Webster'!
' Vittona Oorombona,' Wordsworth must,
one suspects, have been beholden to Lamb:
indeed, no the oaas of Wither the transcrip-
tion has evidently been made at second
hand from Lamb's oonay, and not from a
volume of that poet's works. The Ion
item m the anthology is the ' Epistle to the
Lady Margaret, Countess of Cumberland, '
by the " well-languaged " Samuel — not, as
Wordsworth here calls him, William —
Daniel. Of this impressive poem, which
consists of sixteen octastichs or stanzas of
eight lines, Wordsworth had already incor-
porated the twelfth stanza in the fourth
book of 'The Excursion' (11. 324-31). Of
all Daniel's writings it. is perhaps the most
remarkable for sustained loftiness of tone,
and for the stately inarch of its high-paced
rhetoric. Amongst the elegiac poems that
by Sir John Beaumont on the death of his
son Gervase, and that by Lady YVinchilsea
to the memory of the Hon. James Thynne,
run Capt. James's ' Epitaph ' very close in
point of simplicity and downright pathos.
An ' Inscription ' by Akenside puzzles by
exciting a dim sense of its familiarity. This
is accounted for by the fact that, while yet
a student in Cambridge, Coleridge recast
the " Inscription ' in the form of an ' Elegy '
in six stanzas of the normal type, as Mr.
Lane Cooper, of Cornell University, pointed
out some months since in these columns
(No. 4033, p. 177).
The album closes with three of the " five
stanzas in a Song to David " given by
Anderson " from that wild rhapsody of
mingled grandeur, tenderness, and obscurity,
that ' medley between inspiration and pos-
session,' which poor Smart is believed to
have written whilst in confinement for mad-
ness " (F. T. Palgrave). Wordsworth seem-
ingly accepts the tradition preserved by
Hawkesworth that Smart's lines were
" written with a key on a wainscot." " Quite
possibly," remarks Prof. Littledale, " Smart
did write some stanzas on the wall of his
place of confinement, but lunatics are not
usually provided with keys, and the story
is suspiciously reminiscent of Pope's
Is there, who, lock'd from ink and paper, scrawls
With desperate charcoal round liis darken'd walls?"
Exemplary care has been used in the
production of this little volume. Sarah
Hutchinson's beautiful transcript has been
faithfully followed, " page for page, line for
line, even to the smallest slips of her pen."
Lovers of Wordsworth all the world over
must be grateful to Mr. John Rogers Bees
for his generosity in sharing with them this
long-hidden treasure, and to Prof. Littledale
for enriching the gift with his scholarly
introduction and accurate notes.
Along with the ' Poems and Extracts '
there comes from the same house a reprint
in uniform binding of Wordsworth's Literary
Criticism, with an introduction by Mr.
Nowell C. Smith, whoso long-promised
edition of the poems we await with pleasant
anticipations. It was a happy thought to
bring together the scattered pieces of the
poet's critical prose. Something of the
kind had already been done in the Cnited
States ; but in that instance it was, if we
do not err, only the several ' Prefaces ' of
1800, 1814, and 1815, the 'Advertisement'
of 1798, the ' Appendix ' of 1802, the ' Essay
Supplementary' of 1815, and the ' Postscript'
of 1835, that were reprinted in collective
>orm. With the exception of the lael
named, which dealf with aOOial and political
questions only, these varion writings are,
of course, given in the present reprint. Bnl
■long with them Ml. Nowell Smith has
included a number of kindred pieces, -in h
us the three ' Essays npon Epitaphs,' the
delightful ' better to a Friend of Robert
Bums,1 as well as letters addressed to John
Wilson (1), Lady Beaumont (1), Lord Lons-
dale ( 1 ), Bouthey (2), and the Rev. Alexander
Dvce (7). " Wordsworth was no student of
philosophical writers," observes Mr. Nowell
Smith in his admirably lucid introduction,
" nor was lie trained in philosophical method ;
but the bent of his mind was philosophical.
Facts, whether in history or within the scope
of his personal experience, were of interesl
to him solely so far as they suggested or illus-
trated principles."
Of the soundness of this criticism — which
in truth is but a restatement in other words
of Coleridge's oft-repeated account of the
matter — the reader may readily judge by
perusing, say, the tripartite ' Essay upon
Epitaphs,' in which the poet, piercing at
once to the very heart of his subject, ex-
pounds the rationale of monumental inscrip-
tions— a custom, as lie explains, co-extensive
in the human family with the knowledge
and use of letters. In a word, he sets forth
the prima philosophia of this institution,
and decides the character of the several
specimens cited by referring them to the
first principles which he has ascertained and
enounced. Another typical example of
Wordsworth's method is the ' Letter to a
Friend of Robert Burns ' — which, says the
editor, " may be commended to those who,
on a superficial view, are inclined to sub-
scribe to the judgment, so comforting to
the self-respect of many dabblers in litera-
ture, that Wordsworth was something of a
prig." To this poetical criticism proper —
that is, to his deliverances on the subject of
poetic diction, and on the distinction be-
tween the poetic functions of Fancy and of
Imagination — the ' Biographia Literaria ' of
Coleridge furnishes at once the surest key
and the safest corrective. But with due
heed to the cautions given in Mr. Nowell
Smith's introduction, it may be studied not
only with enjoyment, but also with profit,
for (as lie truly remarks) " if Wordsworth
often provokes disagreement, he always
stimulates thought."
We are grateful to Mr. Nowell Smith ; at
the same time we would venture to remind
him that gratitude has been defined as
a lively sense of favours to come. We
thank him — after the fashion of Lamb's
thanks to Wordsworth — for the book he has
given us, but more particularly for the book
he means to give us.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Many books have been written to guide
the aspiring author to the city of fame
pictured on the cover of Mr. Adam Lorimer's
The Author's Progress (Blackwood), and the
latest contribution is as sensible as most of
its predecessors, and more amusing. The
very title is implicit cynicism, which stands
revealed continually in these pages : —
"Seeing thai almost every week witnesses the
appearance of a fresh hook Oil Bridge, we have
high hopes of the Buooesa of this manual on ■ game
which is quite as entertaining, and vastly sunnier.
Not everybody can play Bridge, whereas Author-
ship is within the powers of all."
But the author hastens to warn young authors
that they must appeal to their master, the
Public which buys books, determines
Pailiamentary Elections, and consumes
Patent Medicines Having let on" hw
cynicism-, ),,- j,r,„ ,.,|. to serious advi
which on the whole is sound. But
when this mi-.-ii.li ha* Ix-en accomplished
Mr. " bonnier'' rSSfli alx>ut to nil old
engaging attitude, which will, we fear,
depress younjj: authors. In fact, we
question it iin-i hook is written ior that
class so much a- ior disappointed authors
with a ..f humour. Tiny alone
aan !>•• expected to appreciate the chapter
On how to push your book and on adver-
tisement generally. Mr. Lorimer sets forth
the rival methods of Brown's Blue Pills and
some one elfle'l Blue PiUS with excellent
larcasm; but pills are not books, and
I " ' Do you want a taste in your mouth in
| the morning ? Bead "The Woman with
| Two Husbands " ' is manifestly a hojK-less
1 appeal." The writer improve- on this
amusing cynicism until he ends in a some-
what bitter vision, in which a social State
j is forecast
; "wherein everybody, educated at the expense of
everybody else, will possess the legal right to have
their writings published at the public exp I
the City of Fame will l* inhabited by some few
shadowy oatessts who fearlessly refused to write.
In and Around Venice. By Horatio F.
Brown. (Kivingtons.) — If Venice is one of
the half-dozen cities which possess the fatal
gift of touching the imagination and awaken-
ing a permanent desire, surely Mr. Brown
must be reckoned among the most faithful,
the most subjugated of her devotees. What
he has to say about her, therefore, will be
always worth reading, for to his love he
adds an intimate knowledge of, an almost
intuitive sympathy with, every mood of the
Queen of the Adriatic. Other books may
tell us much of Venice : Mr. Brown gives
us Venice from the Venetian point of view.
The critic's duty is but to point to some
among the good things in the book,
which is divided into three parts : 'In the
City,' ' The Lagoon,' and ' The Country.'
The chapter on Venetian proverbs and that
on the pile-drivers are specially welcome ;
we would gladly have had more of the
sayings connected with card-games, which
si i in to be of some antiquity, and the
" chanties " of the pile-drivers are almost
worth a book to themselves. In the
chapters on the lagoons we recognize
with pleasure some old friends, omitted
from the second edition of ' Life on the
Lagoons ' ; and the third section intro-
duces us to a portion of the territory not
familiarly associated with Venice in our
memories. The illustrations are a pleasing
feature of the book : they include Era
Sarpi's dagger (" Agnosco stylum curiae
Romanic ") and Petrarch's tomb at Arqua.
The Love-Letters of a Genius. A Trans-
lation of Prosper Merimee's ' Lett res a une
Inconnue ' bv E. A. S. Watt. With an
Introduction by F. E. B. Duff. (Harrison
& Sons.) — Merimee's works have never
attained any great popularity on this
side of the' Channel. We anticipate a
wider vogue, however, for the volume at
present before us, for letters of this sort
possess a perennial attraction for the human
mind. In fact, this correspondence — with
tlio wide range of topics, literary, social, and
political, which it includes— bears more
resemblance to the famous ' Journal to
St.lla' than to any love-letters of the
ordinary kind, and the relations of Merimee
and his " inconnue " seem to have been
almost equally mysterious, and, so far as
the published evidence goes, equally
, blameless.
We should certainly seek in vain in these
N° 4090, March 17,
1906
THE ATHENAEUM
327
letters for evidence of such tenderness as
found expression in the amazing " little
language." Taine, in fact, with a man's
characteristic disapproval of another man's
dealings with the opposite sex, is inclined
to resent the harshness of Merimee's criti-
cisms on his correspondent's manners, dress,
morals, and behaviour generally. It is to
be questioned, however, whether his severity
in these respects was really due, as Taine
apparently thinks, to ignorance of the
eternal feminine. It seems at least as
probable that, with a novelist's intuition,
he had discerned the fact that in certain
circumstances such plain speaking is ac-
cepted by a woman as the surest measure
of a man's interest in her. It is certain, in
any case, that this singular friendship
endured for at least thirty years, and was
ended only by death.
The translation is much above the average,
both in freedom and accuracy. We notice
a few small slips here and there, but it would
be ungracious to dwell upon trifles in the
face of an expenditure of thought and care
evidently far beyond what is generally con-
sidered sufficient in such undertakings.
Collectors of curios, especially those
which relate to the Napoleonic period, will
be grateful to Mr. Walter V. Daniell and Mr.
A. M. Broadley for the care exhibited in
their work Collecta Napoleonica (W. V.
Daniell). The compilers have taken as the
basis of their present volume the works
of Dr. J. H. Rose and Lord Rosebery, and
have sought to bring together details respect-
ing all known means of illustrating them
and the period in general. They have had
help from various collectors of letters and
curios ; and the result is an interesting volume.
Of course, the two works above named do
not provide by any means a complete
repertory of the subject ; but they furnish
the means of illustrating most of the details
of Napoleon's life, and the present volume
gains in definiteness by giving exact refer-
ences to them, and by using them as central
points for the grouping of references to a
subject that would otherwise be vague and
formless. Here and there the judgment of
the editor, or editors, seems open to question.
On p. 79 Appiani's portrait of Napoleon is
placed as " circa 1798 " ; but it is probably
earlier by a year or two, if not more. It
shows him as very slim and youthful,
whereas in the year of the Egyptian expedi-
tion he had already shown the flist signs of
the firmness of figure and fullness of face
which were afterwards so marked. Detaille's
picture ' Napoleon in Egypt,' here given as
frontispiece, is perhaps the best representa-
tion of him in 1798. We also question
whether the portrait of the Emperor at
St. Helena given opposite p. 81 is by a
Chinese artist. It has Chinese characters
at the side ; but the style of work is Occi-
dental rather than Chinese. The number of
sketches from St. Helena is not the least
interesting feature of this decidedly inter-
esting volume. We are surprised to see
Hougoumont figure on p. 55 as " Houge-
mont," and with references to no more than
three engravings, &c, and these rather poor.
Is there no good contemporary engraving
of that chateau ? Certainly Mr. Caton
Woodville's ' Attack on the Gate of Hougou-
mont ' should be named. The list of illus-
trations referring to William Pitt might with
advantage be extended. The bibliography
■ear the end of the book makes, of course,
no claim to completeness ; but in the
Waterloo section we aro surprised to see no
mention of ' The Waterloo Letters,' edited
by Si borne. The book closes with a good
account of the pottery decorated with por-
traits and incidents of the period
M. Paul Grttyer, in Napoleon, Roi de
Vile d'Elbe (Paris, Hachette), has told the
story of one of the less-known parts of the
Emperor's career. As the author justly
remarks, of the three islands with which
Napoleon was closely associated from his
cradle to his grave, Elba is the one which
is scarcely ever mentioned. In his Intro-
duction M. Grayer relates the details of the
first abdication at Fontainebleau and of
the seven days' journey southwards to
Frejus. He somewhat exaggerates the im-
portance of the affair at Orgon. At that
village the royalists undoubtedly caused
him and his suite grave fears. They hanged
him in effigy, placarded with the words,
" Voila done l'odieux tyran. Tot ou tard
le crime est puni " ; but Sir Neil Campbell,
who was with the Emperor as British
Commissioner, says nothing about the
crowd compelling the party to alight and
" assist " at the burning. Besides, if the
crowd so far succeeded as to compel the
presence of the Emperor, why did they not
proceed to the extremities to which M.
Grayer says they were seeking to have
recourse ? The story of the threats uttered
to him, while in disguise, by the wife of the
innkeeper of Calade, near Aix, is also far-
fetched and of doubtful worth. It is, how-
ever, certain that Napoleon adopted the
Austrian uniform, and by its means managed
to escape the fury of the Provencaux and
reach Frejus in safety.
M. Grayer gives an interesting account of
the Isle of Elba and of the details of the
Emperor's sojourn. He has studied all the
sources, and has made, on the whole, a
judicious use of them, though we think that
he assigns too much importance to the work
of Pons de l'Herault, whose rhapsodies do
not carry conviction to impartial and dis-
cerning readers. The visit of the Countess
Walewska to the island gives the author
an opportunity of recounting the course of
her famous amour ; but his reference on
p. 157 to Marie Louise as having very speedily
fallen into Neipperg's toils is incorrect. Dr.
Wertheimer has already dispelled that error,
and has also shown that the Emperor's
harsh letter to his consort must be held in
some measure responsible for her refusal to
come to Elba.
The other details of the time are duly noted
in this volume. The particulars of the
escape might, however, have been presented
more fully ; and the author might have
studied the British archives, which contain
several notes and dispatches not referred
to in Sir Neil Campbell's ' Journal.' The
volume is well illustrated with views of the
island and all that relates to the Emperor's
stay.
A preface by M. Jules Claretie does
undue honour to Illustres et Inconnits, by
Mathilde (Mrs.) Shaw (Paris, Bibliotheque
Charpentier). The lady, who is the daughter
of an Orientalist, has travelled much, but
has not succeeded in producing an important
book of recollections.
The first volume of the " University of
Missouri Studies (Social Science Series) "
contains an exhaustive account of the rise
and progress of The Clothing Industry of
New York, by Prof. J. E. Pope. Much
research has evidently gone to the making
of this bulky volume, and its results are
summed up with great clearness. Prof.
Pope is at his best in the historical division
of his work ; the story of the entrance of
the Jews into the clothing industry, their
rise to preponderating influence, and the
gradual supplanting, in the lower ranks of
that industry, of the Jewish immigrant
element by the Italian, is admirably told.
An interesting point which emerges from
the narrative is that the continual influx
of new workers does not so much thrust
aside as push up into the higher industrial
grades those old workers who have attained
a certain skill. On the whole, the tale is
encouraging, registering a gradual advance
from the lowest conditions of labour to a
better state of things. Our author appears
inclined to depreciate somewhat the good
effect of State regulation of industry ; it
may easily be that State regulation in Ame-
rica, hampered as it is by the doctrine of
State sovereignty, fails to exert all the
beneficent pressure it can bring to bear
in Europe. His assertion that " the well-
being of the labourer reaches its highest
point "-where minute subdivisions of labour
prevail is not universally true, however
useful such subdivision may have proved
in helping to break down, in New York, the
old abuses of taking home work to finish
after factory hours and of " tenement shops."
(Since 1897 no " home work " may be carried
on except by members of a family, and since
1899 not even by them without a licence
from the factory inspector.) The facts cited
do not supply a sufficient basis for the sweep-
ing generalization that any insistence by
society on a minimum of conditions in
the clothing trade necessarily involves the
exclusion of " enormous numbers from
industry " and a large reinforcement of the
ranks of the unemployed.
Mr. Fisher Unwin has sent us a complete
popular edition of the Sixty Years of an
Agitator's Life, that most interesting record
of the fine veteran who has just left us,
George Holyoake. Any one who reads this
book will see that, though a great fighter,
and a revolutionist in religious matters, he
was a good Christian sans le savoir. The
book, which has more than 600 pages,
affords abundant value for the half-crown
which it costs.
The Works of Count L. Tolstoy. Trans-
lated and edited by Leo Wiener. (Dent
& Co.) — The twentieth volume of Prof.
Wiener's translation contains ' The King-
dom of God is within You ' and ' Chris-
tianity and Patriotism.' In these we have
some of the boldest denunciations of war
which have come from Tolstoy's pen, and
expressions of his extreme dislike of monarchs
and their tools. The folly of war is vigor-
ously shown, but we are afraid that the
great writer is a prophet crying in the
wilderness. The German Emperor comes
in for much criticism. It is curious to see
Boulanger, Pugachev, and Napoleon put
together. By a slip on p. 323 Prof.
Wiener writes Skobelevski for Skobelev.
We call attention to this trivial error that
it may give us an opportunity of saying
how excellent the versions are. There
is a conscientious desire, too, in the editor
to give us every scrap of his author. Thus
Tolstoy has been asked to write prefaces to
books or translations of books ; and so we
get his views of Amiel and Guy de Mau-
passant among others.
Vols. xxi. and xxii. are occupied (the
latter only partly) with a reprint of ' Resur-
rection,' and we aro glad that Prof. Wiener
includes three of Pasternak's admirablo
illustrations. ' What is Art ' is included
in the twenty-second volume and will bo
found suggestive, if it is impossible to agreo
with somo of its heresies.
Tho last two volumes (xxiii., xxiv.) of
Prof. Wiener's translation contain a variety
of papers! which cannot fail to he interesting
to the reader. A few of these have ftp*
328
THE ATHENJEUM
N°4000, Mak.ii 17, 1906
peared before, notably in Mr. Aylmer
Maude's little volume, ' Bnayi and Lettew
l>\ l.co Tolstoy ' : but many now are pub-
lished in English form for the first time.
They embody much of the author's most
characteristic writing, especially In* hatred
of militarism. ' Patriotism and Govern-
ment ' and 'Thou slialt not Kill' are well
(forth reading. The ' Letter to a Pole' con-
tains soine fine truths finely told. English
readers will be interested in the letters to
the Dukhobortsi (or Dukhobors, as it has
become the fashion to call them in England).
Prof. Wiener has admirably performed
his task ; he has given the reader full
measure, shaken down, and running over.
Every available fragment of Tolstoy has
been collected, and the twenty-four volumes
have made their appearance within the
time specified. This performance must have
entailed immense labour. In the twenty-
fourth volume we are gratified usque ad
dclicias rotorum : we find a good index, a
good bibligraphy, a life of Tolstoy, and an
analysis of his works. In a most laudable
manner the Russian words are all accentu-
ated, and thus the reader is prevented from
continually perpetrating barbarisms. We
note further some good portraits of Tolstoy
and his wife. This handy edition is well
printed and illustrated, yet cheap, and the
volumes may be had separately.
Burden's Hospitals and Charities for 190G
(Scientific Press) has just appeared, and
deserves warm commendation as usual.
There is an admirable index, and among
the special articles is one by Dr. Goldwater
on hospitals in the United States. We
welcome this addition, for we feel sure that
this country has more to learn from the
United States in many ways than it is awaie
of. The Year-Book rims to 976 pages, and
is a model of wide and accurate presentation
of detail.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
EXGLIS II.
Theology.
Actes da III. Congres International du Christianisnie
Liberal et Progressif, 1905, 3/ net.
Bain (J. A.), The New Reformation, 4/0 net.
Declaration on Biblical Criticism by 1,725 Clergy of the
Anglican Communion, edited by II. Handley, J' net.
Garrod (II. w.), The Religion of all Good Men, 5/ net.
Lloyd's (Corrected) New Testament, 2/C net.
Martin (C. H.), Without Prejudice, Cut.
Mortimer (A. G.), Confession and Absolution, 2/6 net.
St. Francis of Assisi (Writings of), translated by Father P.
Robinson, 2/
Simon (1). W.), The Redemption of Man, Second Edition,
1/6 net.
Walker (I).), The Gift of Tongues, and other Essays
4 0 net.
Whiteside (J.), History of the Wesleyan Methodist Church
of South Africa, 5/
Law.
Carter (A. T), A History of English Legal Institutions,
Third Edition.
Norton (R. F.), A Treatise on Deeds, 80/
Fine Art ami Arehatology.
Antiquary (The), Vol. XI.I., 7/0
Binns (\v. m.), The First Century of English Porcelain
42/ net
Calvert (A. F), Moorish Remains in Spain, 12 net.
Maclean (F.), Henry Moore, It. A., 3 O net.
Rembrandt, a Memorial, Part L, 2 <i net.
Buskin, Library Edition, Vols. XXI. and XXI X.
Poetry and the Drama.
Baudelaire (C), Poems, translated by F. P. Sturm, 1/
Binyon (I..), Paris anil (Knone, 1/ net.
Boyd (T.), Poems.
Diva II (K. HA The Way of Victory, G<r. net.
Earlv English Dramatists: Anonymous Plays, Third
Series, edited by J. S. Farmer, 10/8; Dramatic Writings
Of Richard Wever and Thomas Ingelend, edited by
J. s. Farmer, 7, o
[ngleby (II.), Poems and Plays, 7/0 net.
Mackie(A.), Nature Knowledge in Modern Poetrv, 2,'G net.
Neale(.l. MA Hymns for the Sick, 6&\
Nisbet (H), llathor, and Other Poems, 12/0 net.
Bed-Letter Library: Poems bj Christina Bossetti; The
Psalter in English Verse, by John Keble, 2/6 net cadi ,
Shakespeare, Poems, Vols. I. and II., 1/8 net each.
Sauter (K.), The Faithless Favorite : 0 Mixed Tragedy.
Temple Classics: Palgrave'a Golden Treasury of the Best
Songs and Lyrics; Browning's Dramatis Persons, 1/8
net each.
Tower l*ress Booklets : Songs of a Devotee, by T. Keohler,
1/net,
WCI.ker (A.). A On. <in ..f ff Wilis BtJfOWi V*. Ninth
American Edition.
Wiley (s. K.t, Alcestia, and otheT Poeaua, "net.
M 1 1 m'r.
Ki\ cr. \ The Elements of Voice-Production and Singing,
' i a
Flood (W. H. (;.), a History of Irish Music, Second Edition,
6/ net.
Karawtwuki (M A Frederic Chopin, his Lift and Letters.
8 rob., translated by B. Hill, to/
Bibliography.
Kami (I!.), Bibliography of Philosophy, Psychology, aad
Cognate Subjects, Vol ill., t parts, 42; net.
Philotopkf/.
Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, edited bv J. M.
Baldwin, VoL HI. Parts I. and II., r> net
Ilvslop (.1. II.), Problems of Philosophy, Jl net.
Marshall (T.), aristOtle'S Theory of Conduct, 21 'net.
Whittaker (T.), Apolloniua of Tyana, and other Essays,
a/o net.
Sittory and Biography.
Aslimeadllaitlett (K.), Port Arthur, the Siege and Capitu-
lation, 21/ net.
Browning ((>.), The Bovhood and Vouth of Napoleon,
5/ net.
Cellini, ISenvcnutn (Memoirs o0, edited by A. R. Waller
and Luigi Bicci, 1/ net.
Clare (.1. 1$.), Wenhaston and Kulcainp, Suffolk, 2/0
Columbia University Studies in History, Economics, and
Public Law: The Place of Magic in the Intellectual
History of Europe, by L Thorndike, 3/ net ; The Eccle-
siastical Edicts of the Theodosian Code, by W. K.
Boyd, 3/ net ; The International Position of Japan as a
Great Power, by S. G. Hishida, 8/ net.
Confucius, Book of History (Shu King), translated bv W. G.
Old, 1/net.
Dod's Parliamentary Companion, 1000, 3/0 net.
Higgs(W. M.), The Spurgeon Family, 0/ net.
Ling (A.), Sir Walter Scott, 3/6
Maxwell ( W.), From the Valu to Port Arthur, 10/ net.
Norgate (G. I.e G.J, The Life of Sir Walter Scott, 7/0 net.
Stevenson (M. I.), Letters from Samoa, 1S91-5, edited by
M. C. Balfour, 0/ net.
Victoria History : Northamptonshire Families, edited bv
o. Barron, 105/ net.
Wesley's Journal, Abridged Popular Edition, 1/ net.
Geography and Travel.
Atlas of the World's Commerce, Part L, M. net.
Barry (3. P.), At the Gates of the Fast, 0/ net.
Salmon (A. L.), Literary Rambles in the West of England,
0/ net.
Wordsworth (W.), Guide to the Lakes, with an Introduction
by K. de Selincourt, 3/ net.
Sports and Pastimes.
Glossop (Capt. B. R. MA Sporting Trips of a Subaltern, 10/0
Hart-Davis (Capt H. V.), Chats on Angling, 10/0 net.
Lee (R. B.), Modern Dogs; Sporting Division, Third Edition,
2 vols., 21/ net.
Mackenzie (K. G.), Guns and Game, 5/ net.
Marston (K.), Fishing for Pleasure and Catching It, 3/0 net.
Millard (F. W.), Game and Foxes, 3/6
Nisbet's Golf Year-Book, lfiOO, edited by J. L. Low, 3/0
Roberts (K. W.), The Automobile Pocket-Book, 7.0 net.
Education.
Hodgson (G.), Primitive Christian Education, 4/0 net.
Philology.
Plutarch's Lives : Alexander, Pericles, Cains Ca-sar,
.Emilias Paulus, translated by W. R. Frazer, 3/6 net.
Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language : Report
for 190a.
School-Books.
Anderson (J. G.), Nouvelle Grammaire Francaise, 2/
Caven (R. M.) and Lander (G. D.), Systematic Inorganic
Chemistry, 6/ net.
Logan (J.), English Composition Simplified, 1/0
Northman (A.), Literature as an Aiil to Teaching, 1/ net.
Smith (H. B.), A New Junior Arithmetic, with Answers, 2/8
Winbolt (S. E.), The Litin Hexameter: Hints for Sixth
Forms, 2/
Science.
Bardswell (F. A.), Notes from Nature's Garden, 6/8 net.
Berg (A. A.), A Manual of Surgical Diagnosis, 16/ net.
Burdett's HdSpitalsand Charities, 1900, 0/ net.
Edinburgh Stereoscopic Atlas of Anatomy, edited by D.
Waterston, Section IV., 26/ net.
Hutchinson (J.), On Leprosy and Fish-Eating, 12/6 net.
Mumford (J. (!.), Surgical Aspects of Digestive Disorders,
10/6 net.
Newlands (J. C), Voice Production and the Phonetics of
Declamation, 2/6 net.
Pfeffer (Dr. W.), The Physiology of Plants, translated by
A. J. Ewart, Vol. III., 18/ net.
Ramsay (W.), The Gases of the Atmosphere, 0/ net.
Kolfe (G. W.), Polariscope in the Chemical Laboratory,
8/ net.
Santayana (C), The Life of Reason: Reason in Science,
5/ net
Sherman (II. ('.), Methods of Organic Analysis, 7/0 net.
Sociological Papers, Vol. II., by F, Galton, P. Geddes, and
others, 10/8
Wills (G. S. V.), Vegetable Histology, 3/0 net.
Juvenile Books.
Byles (J.), The Legend of St. Mark, Second Edition, 1/6 net.
General Literature.
Alexander ■(B.V The Lady of the Well, (I1
Barr (R), The Triumphs of Eugene Valmont, 8/
Beveridge (A. .1.), The Voung Man and the World, 6/ net.
Capes (B), Loaves and Fishes, 6/
Clegg (J), International Directory of Booksellers, 0/ net.
Connolly (J. B.), Out of Gloucester, 0/
Crockford's Clerical Directory, l'.HKJ, 20/
Dasent (<;. w.), Tales from the Norse, New Edition, 1/
Dunbar (P. L), The -lest ,,f Fate, Second Edition, 8/8
Eagle (E.), The Crimson Corridor, and other Stories,
For Which Wife - Itv the author of 'Lady Beatrix ami the
Forbidden Man,' 3/0
Franklin (B.). Writings. Vol IV., ..dieted i.\ a h.
Hmyth, 12 .. net. \
Qaussen (A. c. C). A Woman of Wit ami wisdom, rcnet.
Gerard (D), Lady Baby, •-'.
Oilman (D. C), The Launching of ■ Dnireiaftf, an. I other
Papers, i" net
QbUMZOW (£.), 'I I.e Wh-el of Life. 8
(Jrittin <K. A). Laih Sarah s I) 1 of Gift, >■
Ciitliili (G ), The Mummy and Mis- Nitocris, 0/
Hardy (1 D . >, a Woman'* Loyalty, 6/
llarkcHL. A. 1 Concerning Paul and Fiammetta, 6/
Heal} (C), Mam. the HtOTJ of an Unconventional
Woman, i;
Hilliei-(A), The Mi-lake- of Mi- Matii-tv 8
Huelfer (F. M.), The Fifth Queen, and how She came U>
Com
Lee(VA Hauntitun: Fantastic Stories, 8/6 net
Lowerison (HA From Paleolith to Motor Car; or, Heat-ham
Tales, :i 0 net.
Michelson (MA A Yellow Journalist 6/
Moberlv(L. (i.), That Preposterous Will, 0/
Moore (F. FA The Artful Mi-- Dill. 6/
Moore (II. EA Our Heritage in the Kind, 1 ' net.
Noble (E). The Edge of Circumstance, otf.
Pier (A. S.), The Ancient Grudge, 0/
Potter (MA The Genius, 0/
Silveiston (C. .1.), The Dominion of Race, 6/
SpargO (JA The Bitter Cry of the Children, 0/0 net.
Soiisa (I.), Uncle Poland ; or, Looking for a Wife, ni|«ee 1.8.
Stanton (C.) and Hosken (H.), Miriam I.emaire, 3/6
Warden (G.), The Moth and the Footlights, 0/
Whit comb (S. LA The Study of a Novel, 5/
Wordsworth (W.), literary Criticism, edited by N. 1 .
Smith, 8/ net.
Wright (J. C.), To-day, Thoughts on Life for Every Day,
1/0 net.
FOREIGN.
Theology.
Ficker(G.), Amphilochiana, Part I., 6m.
Funk (F. X.), Didascalia et Constitutiones "Apostolorum,.
2 vols., 34m.
Sanvert (Abbe), Saint Augustin, Etude d'Ame, 5fr.
Fine Art and Archaeology.
Emile-Bayard : Lea Arts et leur Technique, 3fr. 50.
Speck (EA Handelsgeschichte des Altertums, Vol. IIL
Section 2, 2 parts, 14m.
I>ra ma.
Bouhelier (St. G. de), Le Roi sans Couronne, 3fr. 50.
Philosophy.
Dantec (F. Le) La Lutte Universelle, 3fr. 50.
History and Biography.
Bertaut (J.), Chroniqueurs et Polemistes, 3fr. 50. "
Claretie (J.), La Vie ;\ Paris, 1905, 3fr. 50.
Diehl (C), Figures Byzantines, 3fr. 50.
Flaubert ((J.), Lettres a sa Ni£ce Caroline, 3fr. 50.
Islenzkt Foj-nbrefasafn, VII., Parts 2 and '.'>.
Martinez (A. B.) et Lewandowski (M.), L'Argentine art
XX. Siecle, 5fr.
Salone (E). La Colonisation de la Nonvelle-France, 7fr. 50.
Wal. leek-Rousseau : L'Etat et la Libert*?, Series 2, 1883-5,
3fr. 50.
r/iilology.
Foerster(R.), Libanii Opera, Vol. III., rec., 12m.
Melanges II. d'Arbois de Jubainville.
General Literature.
Aigueperse (M.), A Dix-huit Ans, 3fr. 50.
Cultura Espanola. No. 1 Spes.
Dunuet (A.), Li Eaillite dn Cnirasse, 3fr. 50.
(ieiger(A) La Printane. 3fr. 50.
Macedonski (A.). I.e Calvaire de Feu, 3fr. 50.
Skirnir, 79 ax. 4 fiefti, lkr.
Vaudere (J. de la), La Sorciere d'Ecbatnne, 3fr. 50.
*»* All Books received at the Office up to Wednesday
Morning will be included in this List unless previously
noted. Publishers are requested to state prices what
sending Books.
A. H. J. GREEXIDGE.
We much regret to notice the sudden and
early death, on Sunday last at Oxford, of
Abel H. J. Greenidge.D.Litt. Never was
there a harder worker than he. None
of his contemporaries at Oxford can show
a like record. From Harrison College,.
Barbadoes, he went to Balliol, and got his
two classical first classes in 1886 and 1888.
He was Tutor in Ancient History to two-
important colleges. He examined several
times in Litrrcr Humaniorcs and in the Civil
Service competitions. And yet by the age
of forty he had produced, besides numberless-
papers and dictionary articles on anti-
quarian subjects, ' Infamia in Roman Law '
in 1S04, 'A Handbook of Greek Constitu-
tional History ' in 1896, ' Roman Public Life '
and ' The Legal Procedure of Cicero's Time *
in 1901, and finally, in 1904, the first volume
of a projected magnum opus, ' A History of
Rome during the Later Republic and Early
Principate.' He was never, perhaps, likely
to become the English Mommsen. Ho
lacked the trenchant style, and possibly the
vioitia via animoi. His learning, however,
was immense,^whilst his power of thought
N° 4090, March 17, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
329
was fully equal to his erudition. As a
reviewer for this paper he showed admirable
knowledge and fairness. His philosophic
insight and breadth -of mind were quite out
of the common, as they know best who were
privileged to share his friendship. And,
whilst those friends grieve at the untimely
passing of a gentle, kindly, and wise soul,
Oxford deplores the loss of a student hardly
to be matched at any time— especially at
this time, when historians of antiquity are
all too few.
CHAUCER : " PRESTES THRE " OR
" PREST ESTRE " ?
Such a phrase as " prest estre " (or
" estree," as Chaucer would have given it)
receives no support either in English or
French literature. How could Chaucer
have come by it ? There is not one atom
of proof that such a word as " estre,'' in the
sense of domesticus, ever existed either in
continental or Anglo-French. Did he coin
the word ? But I submit that Chaucer was
an elegant French scholar, and one ought
to hesitate before one accuses the poet of
begetting a grammatical monstrosity. This
is really what Prof. Kastner's " estre "
must be judged to be. His view is that the
form *estre is a derivative of estre, used in
Chaucer in the plural in the sense of the
inner parts of a house ; compare the use of
the French etres. But O.F. estre, although
a substantive in usage, is an infinitive in
form. Now I hold that it is impossible
in French to form a participial adjective
directly from an infinitive. There are a
great number of infinitive - substantives
in French ; for instance, avoir, baiser,
deboire, dejeuner, devoir, diner, gouter, pouvoir,
rire, besides loisir, plaisir (from obsolete
infinitives) ; compare also Eng. attainder,
remainder (from Anglo-French). Well, such
a form as Hoisire, leisured (for instance),
would be impossible in French or in Chaucer.
But in what respect does Prof. Kastner's
*estre differ from *loisire ? The fact is that
such a formation could not be tolerated in
French, because in the case of these substan-
tives the infinitival form is apparent on the
surface. A. L. Mayhew.
The following quite modern quotation
appears to bear on the controversy between
Messrs. Mayhew and Kastner : " Tout le
monde paraissait inquietet affaire" (Alphonse
Karr, ' Voyage autour de mon Jardin,'
Lettre Premiere.
Littre gives this " grammatical mon-
strosity ' ' in his dictionary. S.
Godefroy, in his ' Dictionnaire de la
Langue Francaise,' gives as one meaning of
estre "maniere d'etre, genre de vie, condition,
nature," and cites as illustration the very
passage quoted by Prof. Ka.stner from the
' Lancelot.' " Uemander de son estre " is
so very ordinary an expression in Old French
that I have expected to see prompt correc-
tion of Prof. Kastner's blunder. In the
absence of other refutation I venture to
send the above. In any case, a knight
errant, such as was Lancelot, would scarcely
have had a domestic chaplain.
Jessie L. Weston-.
Reynell was a remarkable specimen of this
rare class. There was no other man in
Ireland who knew so much about the bio-
graphical side of the Irish Church, the
succession of the clergy, the places of their
birth and death, their wills, their family
connexions, their characters and achieve-
ments. From his stores he contributed
largety to several lives in the ' Dictionary
of National Biography ' ; he was always
helping any inquirer with his books and
with his time ; he had treasures of old news-
papers and tracts, a whole series of engrav-
ings of Irish bishops, and a vast amount of
notes on all his favourite researches. It is
earnestly to be hoped that all these fragments
of curious information may be preserved in
some worthy place of access for research.
The aspect and life of the man represented
an order which has well-nigh passed away.
He was a gentleman of private means,
belonging to an old county family in Meath
and Westmeath, descended, too, from the
famous Cromwellian Provost Winter, whose
piety did not prevent his acquiring a large
Irish property in two counties. William
Reynell had therefore the traditions of a
country squire. His uncle was a famous
master of foxhounds ; and all this told upon
the student and the recluse, little as it might
appear at first sight. He never married,
but lived with a devoted sister in one of the
fine old houses in North Dublin which are
now deserted by fashion, but which main-
tain an imperishable dignity of their own.
Here he lived a simple but hospitable life of
piety and learning, frequenting weekday
services at St. Patrick's, and devoting most
of his Sundays to doing duty for some sick
or overworked parson in the diocese. He
was constantly to be seen in the library of
Trinity College, Archbishop Marsh's Library,
and the Record Office, always taking notes
to help some student friend. Of late he had
suffered from increasing deafness, so that
he avoided general society from his unselfish
desire to save other people trouble. His
end came suddenly, without a day's serious
illness, though there were not wanting
symptoms that his span of life would not be
long. He had not reached his seventieth
year when he passed away on Sunday,
March 1th. Among scholarly Churchmen
in Ireland his loss will be long and deeply
felt. J. M.
THE REV. W.M. REYNELL, B.D.
Educated antiquaries are scarce in
Ireland ; still scarcer are those who work
for others, and not for themselves. William
THE BOOKSELLERS' PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION.
At the annual meeting of the Institution
on Tuesday last, at Stationers' Hall, the
chair was * taken by the President, Mr.
Charles James Longman, and we congratu-
late the trade on the highly satisfactory
report which was then submitted. Progress
is steady and continuous ; during 190.")
twenty-four new members were elected.
We wish, however, that the standard of
1903 could have been reached, when 121
new members joined ; and we hope that the
present year may show a like increase. It
should be generally realized that each mem-
ber is in possession of an investment securing
him freedom from want in adversity and
permanent relief in old age.
After the business meeting there was a
soiree, at which the Bishop of London, in
the course of an address, urged all young
men to join the Institution. He remarked
that he regarded it as a great power in
bringing different members of the trade
together, and as a means of promoting the
sense of human brotherhood. Among those
present were Mr. Richard Bentley, Mr. .1. W.
Darton, Mr. Sydney Gedge, Mr. H. E.
Hodgson, Mr. Miles, Mr. J. Shaylor, Mr,
Cuthbert Whitaker, and Mr. Lamer, the
secretary. Mr. Longman referred to the
fact that during the existence of the Institu-
tion 64,000?. had been distributed, and this-
without putting the recipients to the ex-
pense and trouble of canvassing.
THE COMING PUBLISHING SEASON.
MESSRS. BLACK
announce the following among their Picture and'
Art Books : The Thames, painted by M. Menpesr
and described by Dorothy Menpes, — Constanti-
nople, painted by W. Gable, and described by
Prof. A. Van Milligen, — Greece, painted by J.
Fulleylove, and described by the Rev. J. A.
M'Clymart, — Sussex, painted by Wilfred Ball, — ■
Wessex, painted by W. Tyndale, and described by
C. Holland, — Algeria and Tunis, painted and
described by F. E. Nesbitt, — The Highlands and
Islands of Scotland, painted by W. Smith, Jun.r
and described by A. R. H. Moncrieff, — Bruges and
West Flanders, painted by A. Forestier, and
described by G. W. T. Omond, — Yorkshire : Dales -
and Fells, painted and described by Gordon Hi me,
— Days with Velasquez, by C. L. Hind, and The
Education of an Artist, by the same, — English Cos-
tume, painted and described by D. C. Calthrop,
— and Gothic Architecture, by E. A. Browne.
In Science : A Treatise on Zoology, by E. Ray
Lankester: Part V., Mollusca, by Dr. P. Pelseneer,
in two editions, — and Modern Cosmogonies, by
Agnes M. Clerke.
In Theology and History : Johannine Grammar,
by E. A. Abbott, — A Declaration on Biblical
Criticism by 1,725 Clergy, edited by H. Handley,
— The Life of Jesus, by Dr. A. Neumann, trans-
lated by M. A. Canney, with preface by Prof.
Schmiedel, — Religions of the Past and the Re-
ligion of the Future, by the author of 'Thoughts
of a Freethinker," — Medieval London, Social and
Ecclesiastical, 2 vols. , with numerous illustrations,
— and the Blackmore Country, by F. J. Snell,
illustrated.
Travel, Education, and General : Black's Guide-
Books, new editions of Devonshire, West Kent,
and Manchester, all by A. R. H. Monerieff, and
other reissues, — Rome, by E. A. Reynolds-Ball,—
The "Council" Arithmetic for Schools (Scheme
B), by T. B. Ellery, Parts I. to VIII.,— Old Testa-
ment* History : Part I., From Abraham to the
Death of Joshua, by the Rev. T. Nicklin,— The
"Council" Literary Readers, by J. Finnomore, —
A Tale of Two Cities and Barnahy Rudge, l>oth
edited by A. A. Barter,- Scott's Al>l>ot. edited h\
H. Corstoiphine, — Summary of English History,
by N. L. Eraser, — Man, liis Manners and Customs,
by L. W. Lyde, — and the Law of Banking and
Negotiable Instruments, by F. Tillyard, a second
edition.
MESSRS. -T. M. DENT 4 00.
announce as forthcoming publications in various
series. In Everyman's Library : fifty volumes ii>
April, with others after a short interval. In the
Temple Dramatists : Ford's Broken Heart, edited
byOliphant Smeaton,— and Goethe's Iphigeneia in
Tauris, edited by Prof. Dowden. In the Temple
Creek and Latin Classics, edited byG. L. Dickinson
and H. O. Meredith : Plato'., Eutliyphro. The Apo-
logy of Socrates, and Crito, translated by F. M.
St a well, — Euripides' Hippolytus and Medea, trans-
lated by S. Watcrlow. — Virgil's .Eneid, translated
by E. F. Taylor, and edited by E. M. F rster,
2 vols. ,- and Juvenal's Satires, translated by A. F.
Cole. In English Men of Science, edited by Dr. .L 1*.
Green : Herbert Spenoer, by Prof. J. A. Thomson.
—Priestley, by Dr.T. E. Thorpe, —George Bentham,
by H. D. Jackson. Huxley, by Prof. .1. R. A.
Davis,— and Sir William Flower, by R. Lydekker.
In the Mediaeval Towns Series: Brussels, 1>\- E.
Gilliat-Smith, illustrated by K. Kimball and C.
Gilliat Smith. In the Prime Ministers of England,
edited by S. J. Rcid, Lord RoscIhmv, by S. II.
Jeyes; new editions of The Earl of Bcaconstield.
by •'. -V. Froudej The Earl of Aberdeen, by Lord!
Stanmore; sir Robert Peel, by Justin McCarthy ;
Gladstone, by G. W. E. Russell; Lord John
Russell, by S.'.I. Reid ; and other volumes.
In the Temple Classics : The Golden Treasury,
330
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4090, March 17, 1906
with additional poems, edited by K. Hutton, —
Dante's Vita Nuova, Songs and Ballads, translated
by Thomas Okey, — Burke'a Speeches on America,
edited by C B. "Hawkins,— The Chronioleof Dino
ffimpagnij edited by A. <L F. Howell, — Faust,
Part ft., translated by A. (J. Latham, — and
Browning's Dramatis Persons, with a biblio-
graphical note by M. Edwardes.
In College Monographs, illustrated by Mr. E. H.
New : Magdalen College, Oxford, by the Presi-
dent,— New College, Oxford, by A. O. Prickard,
—Morton College, Oxford, by the Rev. H. T.
White,— Trinity College, Cambridge, by W. W.
Rouse Ball, — King's College, Cambridge, by R. P.
Faj', — and St. John's College, Cambridge, by
R, F. Scott.
In General Literature, Belles-Lettres, &c. :
Peace and War, by Prof. Riehet, translated by
M. Edwardes — Morocco of To-day, translated by
Eugene Aubin, with three maps, — Personal Forces
in Modern Literature, by A. Rickett, essays on
Newman, Huxley, Spencer, Dickens, &c. , — St.
Bernardine of Siena, by P. Thureau-Dangin, trans-
lated by the Baroness von Hugel, — The Christ of
English Poetry, by Dean Stubbs, — Songs of Love
and Praise, by Miss Matheson, illustrated by
Charles Robinson, — and The Complete Works of
Dumas, forty-eight volumes, rearranged, but with
the illustrations and unabridged.
In Education : Dent's Mathematical and Scien-
tific Series, edited by W. J. Green6treet : Light,
by F. E. Rees ; Trigonometry, by Cecil Hawkins ;
Practical Mathematics, by J. E. Boyt ; and Geo-
metrical Conies, by G. H. Bryan and Prof. R. H.
Pinkerton. Modern Language Series : Sounds of
Spoken English, by Prof. W. Rippmann ; Fables
of La Fontaine, edited by the same ; Rippmann's
Picture Vocabulary, with illustrations by J. A.
Symington, French and German ; and First
Spanish Book, by F. R. Robert, — Short French
Readers, edited by W. O. Brigstocke : Perrault's
Contes du Temps "Passe, Vols. I. and II., edited
by,G. Heyer and H. Cammartin ; De Varigny's
L'Elephant Blanc, edited by W. 0. Brigstocke and
H. Cammartin ; Simple Stories, edited by H.
Cammartin ; and French History in Extracts,
Vol. I. The Nineteenth Century, edited by C. E. C.
Hanbury, and Vol. II. The Revolution, edited by
D. L. Savory, — and Temple Primers : Hygiene
and Diet, by Dr. H. Drinkwater, and Sculpture
of the West, by Dr. Hans Stegmann, translated
by Miss Edwardes.
MESSRS. GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS
announce in the Library of Historical Literature :
Evelyn's Diary and Correspondence, edited by
Bray, with a copious index, — Josephus, Works,
translated by Whiston, and edited by Prof. D. S.
Margoliouth, — Macaulay, History of England,
edited by T. F. Henderson, —and Sismondi, Italian
Republics, edited by Dr. W. Boulting. In the
Library of Early Novelists : Breton's Novels,
Dekker's Novels, and Greene's Novels, all edited
by Oliphant Smeaton, — Brooke's The Fool of
Quality, with a Life of the Author, Defoe's Moll
Flanders and Roxana, Lewis's The Monk, and
Sidney's Arcadia, all edited by E. A. Baker, —
and Swift's Gulliver's Travels, and other Writings,
with a note on the name Gulliver by J. P. Gilson.
In the English Library : Magnus, How to Read
English Literature : Dryden to Tennyson, — Baker,
History in Fiction, an Annotated Guide, 2 vols., —
Trench, Select Glossary of English Words, edited
by Dr. Smythe-Palmer, — Documents illustrating
Elizabethan Literature (being the Treatises on
Poetry by Sidney, Puttenham, and Webbe),
edited by L. Magnus, — and Brown, The Small
Library, and Book Description. In the Mayne
Reid Library for Boys : The Boy Hunters ; Gaspar
the Gaucho ; and the War Trail, all illustrated.
In the New Universal Library : Aristotle,
Ethics, translated by D. P. Chase, — Boethius,
Consolations of Philosophy, translated by the Rev.
H. R. James, — Bulfineh, The Age of Fable, —
Dean Church, Dante, Anselm, &c., — Creasy,
Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World,— Emerson,
The Conduct of Life, and Society and Solitude, —
The Hitopadesa, newly translated by B. Hale-
Wortham, — Hobbes, Leviathan, — Lord Houghton,
Life of Keats, — Landor, Imaginary Conversations :
II. Sovereigns and Statesmen, — Mackenzie, The
Man of Feeling, — Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, —
Macaulay, History of England, 5 vols., — Marlowe,
Dramatic Works, — Reynolds Discourses on
Art, — The Spectator, edited by G. A. Aitken,
Vol. III., — J. A. Symonds, Wait Whitman : a
Study, — Walt Whitman, Democratic Vistas, and
Specimen Days in America, — and other volumes.
In the Muses' Library : Matthew Arnold, Poems,
with an Introduction by L. Magnus; and Dramas
and Prize Poems, — Clough, Poetical Works, with
Memoir by F. T. 1'algrave, — Lyra Germanica,
translated by C. Winkworth, — Peacock, Poetical
Works, edited by R. B. Johnson,- -Suckling,
Poetical Works, edited by A. H. Thompson, —
and Thomson, Poetical Works, edited by H. D.
Roberts, with Introduction by E. (iosse. In the
Golden Anthologies: Poems of Nature, edited by
G. K. A. Bell.
In the Empire Library of Famous Fiction :
Adam Bede, The Caxtons, Charles O'Malley,
G. P. R. James's Darnley, Joseph Andrews, The
Last of the Mohicans, Les Mist-rabies, Mary
Barton, Oliver Twist, The Three Musketeers,
Pendennis, Quo Vadis? and many other well-
known novels.
In the Miniature Reference Library : Five
Thousand Words Frequently Misspelt, by A. M.
Hyamson, — Literary Allusions, by H. Swan, — The
Debater's and Chairman's Handbook, by D. M.
Ransom, — and other collections. In the Useful
Library : Holdsworth's Agricultural Holdings Acts
and Ground Game Act, edited by J. F. Waley, —
and Railway Matters and How to Deal with Them,
by G. B. Lissenden. In the Poets and Poetry of
the Nineteenth Century : Vol. VII. Sacred
Poetry.
Miscellaneous Books : The Lives of the Saints,
by the Rev. S. Baring-Gould, a new thin-pa peY
pocket edition, 16 vols., illustrated, — The Manage-
ment of Children in Health and Disease, by Dr.
Howard Barrett, — Routledge's New French-
English and English-French Dictionary, by J. E.
Wessely, revised by E. Latham, — Lyra Britannica,
in 2 parts, edited by E. Per twee, — History in
Verse, from Caraetacus to Victoria, edited by the
same, — The Nursery Song-Book, music by W. K.
Moore, coloured and plain illustrations by M.
Sandheim,- — Classified Chess Games, by W. Blan-
shard, Vol. III., — Every Man's Dictionary, — and
many new editions.
The first of Mr. J. B. Atlay's two
volumes on ' The Victorian Chancellors'
will be published by Messrs. Smith, Elder
& Co. on the 26th inst. Though Lord
Campbell's posthumous volume contained
the lives of Lords Lyndhurst and Broug-
ham, neither of them has been accepted
as satisfactory. Mr. Atlay therefore begins
with the former, and includes Brougham,
whose name is intimately associated
with the legal history of the reign, though
he was never Chancellor under Queen
Victoria. The next names on the list are
Lords Cottenham and Truro. Among the
illustrations is one of the interior of the
House of Lords during Queen Caroline's
trial, from the painting by Sir George
Hayter.
Messrs. Longman have in the press
two further volumes on ' The English in
America,' by Mr. J. A. Doyle, an able
Oxford historian : ' The Middle Colonies '
and ' The Colonies under the House of
Hanover,' both with maps. These volumes
are in continuation of the author's former
work on the same subject : ' Virginia,
Maryland, and the Carolinas,' published
in 1882, and ' The Puritan Colonies,' pub-
lished in 1886.
Our old contributor Mr. Joseph Jacobs,
having finished his work as revising editor
of the twelve volumes of the ' Jewish
Encyclopedia,' has been appointed Pro-
fessor of English Literature and Rhetoric
at the Jewish Theological Seminary of
America. The University of Pennsyl-
vania has at the same time conferred on
him the honorary degree of Doctor of
Letters.
Miss Helen Wallace, the author of
' Lotus or Laurel,' has in the press a new
novel entitled ' Hasty Fruit,' which will
be published shortly by Mr. Elliot Stock.
The same firm will publish ' Returned
with Thanks,' a story founded on modern
literary life, by Mrs. Maxwell Prideaux.
We notice with regret the death on
Thursday last week of the Rev. Henry
Baker Tristram, LL.D., D.D., F.R.S.,
Canon of Durham since 1873. Canon
Tristram, who acquired as a chaplain in
Bermuda his taste for natural science,
was well known both as a traveller and
ornithologist, and was the leading authority
on the natural history of the Bible. Among
his numerous books are ' The Great
Sahara' (1860), the result of travel there
in 1856-7 ; ' The Land of Israel ' (1865),
' The Natural History of the Bible '
(1867), ' The Seven Golden Candlesticks '
(1872), 'The Land of Moab ' (1874), and
other studies of Palestine, which he had
often visited. His ' Rambles in Japan '
appeared in 1895. He also contributed
articles to Smith's ' Dictionary of the
Bible ' and The Ibis on his special subjects.
The Canon was born on May 11th, 1822.
As the result of a suggestion made in
The Athenaeum, the ' Key to Sales ' issued
with the quarterly parts of Book-Auction
Records will in future include a state-
ment of the total sum realized by each
library.
Bodley's Librarian appeals in The
Times of Monday, to Oxford men and
others, for subscriptions which will enable
him to purchase the Bodleian copy of the
First Folio of Shakspeare. This was
thrown out as " superfluous " in 1663-4,
was recognized last year when brought to
the Bodleian for examination, and was
the subject of an article in our columns
(February 25th, 1905). The present owner
has already an offer of 3,000/. for it, appa-
rently from the usual American millionaire,
but has given the Bodleian till March 31st
to raise the same sum. Dr. Nicholson
writes : —
"For the Bodleian to pay 3,0007., or even
1.000L, for any printed book is simply
impossible ; indeed, it has never given more
than 220Z. 10s., for a single volume, and that
a manuscipt collection of Anglo-Saxon and
other early English charters. ' '
He adds that about 1,300/. has already
been received or promised. ,
To the April number of Macmillati's
Magazine Mr. Francis Fox contributes
' Some More Words about Bread ' ; Mr.
Herman Scheffauer in ' The Arrested
Stroke ' gives a vivid account of the collapse
of the roof of Charing Cross Station last
December ; a British Columbian colonist
describes the conditions of work and wages
in the colony ; Mr. Norman Shaw has a
paper on ' The Head-Hunters of Formosa ';
and Mr. Alfred Fellows writes on ' The
Regulation of Advertisements.'
N° 4090, March 17, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
331
Temple Bar for April will contain a
critical essay on ' Thomas de Quincey '
by Mr. Edward Thomas ; a biographical
paper on ' Filippo Brunelleschi ' by Miss
M. L. Egerton Castle ; and a comparison
between the French and English manner
of holiday-making, as seen at Easter in
'{Hampstead and Montmartre,' by Mr.
Arthur Ransome. Mr. W. J. Batchelder
contributes ' An Experiment in Fairy
Tale,' showing how a story was improvised
by a class of boys, averaging ten years old,
in a rural elementary school.
Mr. C. G. Barrington, formerly Assist-
ant-Secretary to the Treasury, is publish-
ing his recollections of fishing at home and
abroad, under the title of ' Seventy Years'
Fishing.' He tells how he caught his first
fish under the tuition of Lord Grey, of
Reform Bill fame, and how, having learnt
the art on the Tweed, he has continued it
in Germany ever since, in the intervals of
a busy official life. The volume will be
issued by Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co.,
with a portrait, on Monday week.
The same firm will add to their " Water-
loo Library " on the same day F. Anstey's
novel ' The Brass Bottle,' and on April 2nd
Mr. F. T. Bullen's ' The Log of a Sea Waif.'
These will be followed a little later by
Richard Jefferies's ' The Gamekeeper at
Home.'
Messrs. Sothery & Wilkinson's sale
of books and manuscripts on the last five
days of this month comprises a singularly
interesting variety. Some of the early
English books are noteworthy. Ban-
croft's ' Two Bookes of Epigrams and
Epitaphs,' 1G39, was Mitford's copy.
The first American edition of Byron's
' English Bards and Scotch Reviewers',
Philadelphia, 1811, is extremely rare,
and no copy has occurred for sale,
either in England or America, for many
years. Another Anglo-American rarity
is the copy of the first edition of the ' Last
Essays ' of Charles Lamb, Philadelphia,
1828, a fine example in the original
printed glazed boards ; and still another
book falling within the same category is
the fine copy of the second edition of John
Eliot's Indian Bible, Cambridge (Mass.),
1685. Indeed, Americana form a strong
feature of this sale. Especially in-
teresting are some collections of specimen
leaves of nearly all the earl}' printers.
Next week we shall publish our usual
' Notes from Oxford ' on the events of
the term. We notice that The Oxford
Magazine speaks of the attack in The
Westminster Gazette on Oxford arrange-
ments as "a ludicrous collection of mis-
statements."
Dr. Paget Toynbee contributes to
the forthcoming Twenty-Fourth Annual
Report of the Cambridge (Mass.) Dante
Society a ' Chronological List of English
Translations from Dante, from Chaucer
to the Present Day.' The total number
of translators represented is about 250, but
the number of entries is considerably
higher, amounting to several thousands,
M some of the writers (Leigh Hunt, for
instance) translated a great number of
passages in various years and in various
works. It has been Dr. Toynbee's aim
to register as far as possible all translations
written in English, whatever the nation-
ality of the author, and however brief. A
feature of the list is the inclusion of a
number of privately printed translations
which have not hitherto figured in any
of the Dante bibliographies. This list,
which is the first serious attempt of its
kind, naturally does not claim to be
complete. Dr. Toynbee will welcome
any supplementary items and informa-
tion on doubtful points.
There cannot be many now living who
are able to say that they exchanged words
with Walter Scott. The distinction is
claimed by at least two Edinburgh
veterans — Mr. George Croal, who recently
celebrated his ninety-fifth birthday, and
Mr. Robert D. Thomson. The 'latter,
whose grandfather sold the first bit of
Abbotsford to Scott, was, when a boy,
patted on the shoulder by the Great
Unknown of that day ; while Mr. Croal
visited Abbotsford on musical business,
and on two occasions slept there. Mr
Croal knew James Hogg, too, and was
the first to arrange for publication the
music of his popular song ' When the
Kye comes Hame.'
The Royal Literary Fund hold their
anniversary dinner at the Hotel Metropole
on May 10th. The American Ambassador
will be in the chair.
In his work entitled ' With Mounted
Infantry in Tibet,' which Messrs. Smith,
Elder & Co. will have ready on the 26th
inst., Major W. J. Ottley, of the 34th Sikh
Pioneers, gives an account of the formation
and practical training of the mounted
infantry which did good service in the
Tibet campaign, and describes the opera-
tions in which they took part. There are
forty-eight pages of illustrations, including
portraits of General Macdonald and Col.
Younghusband.
The valuable library of Mr. Wilber-
force Eames, now being dispersed in
New York, contains a complete set, in
393 parts, of the British Museum General
Catalogue. This seems to be the only set
which has ever occurred for sale at auction,
and it will be interesting to see what it
realizes. Mr. Quaritch once offered a set
with the Supplement for 94/. This Cata-
logue was begun in 1881, and continued
until 1900, not to mention the various
additions. It extends to 105,000 printed
columns, and contains upwards of 2,000,000
entries. Mr. Eames's set also includes
the index to the parts which comprise
" Periodical Publications."
Just as we are going to press we hear,
with much regret, of the death at Liver-
pool of a constant contributor to this
paper, Prof. Cecil Bendall. He was bom
in 1856, educated at the City of London
School, and was Fifth Classic at Cam-
bridge in 1879. In 1881 he got a first in
the Indian Languages Tripos, and hence-
forth devoted his life to Oriental languages,
first at the British Museum, afterwards
at University College, London, and finally
at Cambridge, where he succeeded Cowell
in the Sanskrit Chair in 1903. Prof.
Bendall travelled in North India and
Nepal in 1884-5, giving the results of his
research in a book, and again in 1898-9,
He did a great deal of valuable work in
cataloguing Sanskrit and Pali collections.
He took a keen interest in music, especially
on the historic side.
Birlical scholars will be glad to know
that Dr. Ginsburg's great life-work ' The
Massorah ' is nearing completion. The
first part of the fourth and final volume
was issued a short time ago, but only to
those who have added to their original
subscriptions. The work has extended
over forty years, and has proved far more
laborious and costly than could have been
imagined at the beginning.
In Chambers's Journal for April Mr.
Henry W. Lucy has a sketch entitled
' Mr. Peck-Ridge, M.P.,' describing a
member's first night in the House of
Commons and its results. Mr. Henry
Leach writes on ' The Queer Side of the
Cabinet,' and Commander H. N. Shore re-
lates a true incident of the first Napoleon,
which took place at Givet, under the title
of ' The Handy-Man and the Emperor.'
The facts are derived from an autobio-
graphical narrative found in a note-book
picked up in Cornwall.
The death occurred a few days ago of
the Comte de Blois, the French Senateur
and Conseiller General of Maine-et-Loire.
In addition to filling man}' offices, the Comte
found time for literary recreation. He
published ' Memoires du Comte de Fal-
loux,' his uncle, and brought out an edition
of the ' Lettres de Madame Swetchine/
Comte de Blois was in the fifty-seventh
year of his age.
The only Parliamentary Paper of
general interest to our readers this week
is one on the Census of the British Empire,
1901 : Summary Tables and Detailed
Tables for the several Colonies ; also
Population classified by Ages, Condition
as to Marriage, Occupations, &c, (3s. 5d.).
SCIENCE
Cultes, Myites, et Religions. Par Salomon
Reinach. Tome II. (Paris, Leroux.)
The new volume of M. Reinach's essays
is not quite so varied as the former
(reviewed in The Athenoeum, April 22nd,
1905). The author still has much to
say about totemism as a key to classical
cult, mythology, and civilization, and
opens with some remarks on the totem
communion, and on totemism as the
origin of the domestication of animals.
M. Reinach holds that
"since the genius of Robertson Smith recog-
nized the communion of sacrifice among the
Saracens before Mahomet, and in some
Grseco-Roman cults, proofs in support of
his discovery have become numerous, not
only in Australia, where a perfect example
of the sacrifice and manducation of the
totem has been ohserved ; but by a closer
analysis of Greek rites founded on such
rituals."
332
Til K ATI! KN7KUM
N 1000, MlBCfl 17, 1000
I'iiIih kily, no reference f"i the Australian
lacrinoe of the totem is gi\cn. and we ate
iii.K (jiiaiiittd \sitli any <\ idem M for any
-n of Morifioe in Australia. The Arunte
isage I'v which men <>f i toteaa eal spar-
ingly o( the totem thing, at the opening
■«>f the soaoon for that sort <>f food, doet
not include any suciifiri of the totem.
The things mr caught and killed by the
hunters of the trihe in the usual way.
We OOnoeive that the members of each
totem originally tasted it, on sucli occa-
sions, merely by u;iv of indicating that
the season was o]>en, as is common in the
•case of " first fruits.'' Now they conceive
that their magical power of fostering the
animal or plaid is increased hy their eating
.a little of it, not too much, when the
season opens. They are also allowed- to
•eat it sparingly whenever they please,
while the Eualdayi may always eat their
■totems. Perhaps this eating, at the
opening of the season, may be styled a
" communion," but there is no sacrifice.
The performance is magical, not religious.
Meanwhile we cannot regard as binding
the logic of M. Reinach, when, speaking
of the Greeks, he says : —
" The totem lias, as a logical consequence,
the food tabou : the tabou, which survives
the totem, being a usage, not a belief, per-
mits us logically to infer the past existence
of the totem."
But there are many tabous on food which
are certainly not totemic in origin. The
totem is, as a rule, a more or less sacred
plant or animal — sacred to a certain stock
in a tribe. It scarcely follows, if " whole
nations have a cult for the wild boar,"
that the animal is sacred because he was
•once a totem. Indeed, we are not told
what nations do, or ever did, abstain
from bunting the wild boar : Adonis did
not abstain, certainly. If domestic swine
were tabou, and neither to be killed nor
•eaten by Hebrews or Syrians, we do not
quite understand the position of swine
among these peoples. Who brought the
husks to the swine, and why ? £ Who
employed the Prodigal Son to herd them ?
Perhaps Hebrew capitalists bred them
for the Roman market ; perhaps they
were bred for the Moabite or Philistine
market in earlier times. Despite the
warnings of Dr. E. B. Tylor, M. Reinach
remains of opinion that communion is " a
result of totemism " ; but, setting aside
the practice of the Arunta, we know
nothing which can be called " com-
munion " among totemists in any part of
the world.
Passing from Robertson Smith's inter-
pretation of Isaiah lxvi. 17 — a text about
people who sanctify themselves, and
secretly eat swine, the abomination, and
the mouse — M. Reinach says that, in
Israel tabou animals were, now and then,
"eaten ritually." Were pigs kept for such
very rare occasions ? Were mice never
killed as nuisances ? Is it certain that
the ritual eating of mice and swine was a
totemic survival, and not a borrowed or
jiew-invented superstition ? Our know-
ledge of the facts does not warrant specu-
lation. Meanwhile, people who think that
all the tabou animals of Leviticus were,
when the tni"- united, regolai totem
are declared to be certainly wrong (p. 1 1
In Israel, 'at the dawn of history, there
could only he survivals of totemi-m. '
We doubt whether If. Eteinai ih i-
entirely awaie of the difficulty and com-
plexity of the problem of the tabooed
animals in Leviticus. We are unac-
quainted with any (lose parallel to it
among other peoples. If a legislator
codified the so-called " multiplex totems
or " suh-totenis " of the Kuahlayi and
certain other tribes, and added the tahou
which does not attach to them among the
Eualdayi, he might produce something
like, but not very like, the Levities] list.
But, as M. Reinach justly says, at the
dawn of the history of Israel that people
were infinitely advanced beyond the culture
in which totemism exists. The forbidden
animals of Leviticus, except the swine,
hare, and rabbit, are almost invariably
such as no civilized people eat, except
under stress of starvation ; while the Jews
never eat the hare except in soup, and
abominate pork. Nor do they eat the eel,
which has no scales (Leviticus xi. 9-12). In
all this we do not recognize the result either
of a totemic or any other tabou. Among
the taboued Levitical birds, most are
carnivorous, and are not eaten except by
savages to whom almost anything is wel-
come. The creeping things are all nasty,
as are dogs and cats. It is unlikely that
only nasty animals (and swine) were totems !
On M. Reinach's theory, if we understand
him, the domestic animals became domes-
ticated as a by-product of totemism, after
true totemism had long vanished. We
suggested the possible process when re-
viewing his first volume, but added that
we had no evidence for its existence. M.
Reinach writes that he accepts the
imagined state of things for a few centres,
whence the domestication of animals was
diffused (pp. ix, x). It may be so ; but
we should rather like to see the opinions
of naturalists on the question : the case
of reindeer might be studied closely. M.
Reinach says that he has mentioned the
theory of Mr. Jevons to naturalists : in
itself that theory — for reasons which we
gave when reviewing the first volume of
M. Reinach's book — does not hold good,
and we understand that M. Reinach now
accepts the modification which we offered
as not inconceivable. The naturalists
" seemed to rub their eyes, like men who
come out of darkness into daylight." But
have these savants worked out the totemic
theory of the domestication of animals ?
Probably not, and we wait till they have
undertaken that task.
Now suppose that the modification
suggested is possible : as totemic tribes
cease to be totemic, and reckon kin-
ship in the male line, genuine clans of
animal name arise. The whole local
tribe finally adopts the name of the
leading clan, and its animal. This may be
a domesticable animal — say swine, sheep,
cow, goat, horse, camel. The animal is
therefore unmolested in a large district,
becomes tame, is domesticated, and finally
the tabou is removed, and the animal
is eaten, or its milk is drunk, or both
thing! an- done. Bu( then the <j
\\ ; •. dot brae] remove the ali-
mentai v tahou from arid
sheep, and enforce the tahou on swine i
i smelt the ( ircumstancee bong tl ■
for all I If the totem tahou l«d h\
roundabout road, to domestication i f
Bhecp, COWS, -wine. goat-, and < ainelfl,
these creaturei are all in the ~an,<- < ase.
Yet sheep, goat-, and kine ate permitted
to he eaten ; SWUM and camels, and <i
sgreeable undomesticated birds and i reep-
ing things are taboued. As far as
know, venison of all sorts is not taboued
— it was not to Isaac, at all events. «'ats
and dogs are taboued, and DO wonder.
Thus the theory of a survival of a
totemic tahou does riot explain the tal
on swine ; for we have not yet been told
why out of several domesticated animals,
all, by the theory once taboued, swine
remain taboued, while sheep, goats, and
kine escape the tabou. We really do not
know the origin of the Hebrew tabou on
swine : the animals are disgusting to a
refined taste, and the marvel is rather
that the Greeks ate them than that the
Israelites taboued them. The animals
which they taboued are usually loath-
some, and not good to eat. They might
have left the abstinence from them to the
good taste of society. For not doing so,
in the case of swine, they may have had
some superstitious reason, if Plutarch,
cited by M. Reinach, correctly says that
it was tabou to kill swine. But what that
reason was, nobody knows. The totemic
theory does not help us : the tabou on the
swine does not prove it to have been a
totem, and the secret superstitious eating
of swine in the time of Isaiah, is therefore
not proved to be a survival of totemic
communion, even if such a rite were ever
found among known totemist<.
In a long paper on ' The Death of
Orpheus,' M. Reinach returns to the
theory of Robertson Smith on communion.
This doctrine " is likely to become classic,
in spite of resistance in which ignorance
of ethnology and of questions of religion
plaj^s its part." Dr. E. B. Tylor, who has
opposed the theory, knows at least as much
about ethnology and the science of religion
as the advocates of the theory, who. in
England at least, are, we think, very few.
The theory, as stated by M. Reinach
(pp. 97, 98), requires us to believe that
the rite of tearing to pieces and devouring
a living animal, say a bull, is " anterior
to anthropomorphism in religion." Now.
as plenty of Australian tribes have already
anthropomorphic religious beings in their
beliefs, the age when people had none,
and held only animals sacred, must be
excessively remote, and is unknown to us
in experience. Again, we know no extant
Bavages, however backward, who, for
religious reasons, tear any living animal
to pieces and devour it. Once more, wo
cannot prove that any Greek god^was in
any way developed out of a sacred animal,
or out of a number of sacred animals ; nor
do we e\ en see a trace of evidence that the
anthropomorphic sacred beings of Aus-
tralia were developed out of lower animals.
The many animals attached to the'cult of
N°4090, March 17, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
333
Apollo, for example, have sometimes been
•explained as totems " mediatized " ; or,
again, more recently, as vehicles of the
■Corn Spirit. " The god of animal title "
<as Apollo Smintheus) " was originally
the animal itself," says M. Reinach.
Apollo was a shrew-mouse ; but there is
no sign that Baiame was ever a kangaroo.
The theory makes the ancestors of the
Oreeks more violently savage than any
savages known to us.
M. Reinach assures us that, " among
many peoples," the women, as women,
have one totem, and the men, as men,
have another. We do not know this
institution of " sex totems " (not properly
totems at all), except among some tribes
of Australia. He goes on to say " the
fox, in Thrace, was what ethnologists call
the totem of the female sex : the men took
no part in the murder of Orpheus," who,
by the theory, was a fox (p. 119). Appa-
rently, if so, the women of Thrace killed
their " sex totem," for in some myths
they killed Orpheus. But where we
actually do find " sex totems," so called,
in experience, the women never slay their
" sex totem " (so far as the evidence goes) ;
but they occasionally do slay the men's
eex totem, merely to provoke a kind of
mock combat, which leads to flirtations
and marriages.
In fine, totemic savages do not do the
things which, when found in ancient
Greece, are explained as survivals of
totemic rites. No totemists are known,
if they be Kangaroos, to assault a live
kangaroo with their teeth for religious
reasons. No women, in tribes with " sex
totems," and no men, are described as
thus assailing their " sex totems."
For these reasons we are not, as yet,
converts to the theory of Robertson
Smith. But, though we here differ from
M. Reinach, we must recommend his
book — full of the most varied and
brilliant erudition and interest — to all
students. Many may find that his totemic
theories outweigh our objections.
DR. LE BON'S THEORIES OF MATTER.
Trinity College, Cambridge, Match 10th, looc.
I can leave the personal question between
F. L. and myself to the judgment of the
readers of The Athenceum. I have merely
accused him of ignorance, and have given
reasons for my accusation ; he has accused
me of personal dishonesty, and has neither
justified nor withdrawn his imputation. I
can also leave them to judge his refusal to
accept a vindication of Mr. Whetham which
he is unable to refute.
I need say little more of Dr. Le Bon. My
criticisms, if they are well founded, are
Sufficient to blast the scientific reputation
of any man : until F. L. answers them,
further discussion is clearly useless.
Most of F. L.'s letter is an indictment of
himself rather than of me : it is he who
pretends to voice the opinion of science ;
I have distinctly stated that my letters
epeak for no one but myself. The rejection
or acceptance of Dr. Le Bon's claims can
only be based on an examination of his
experiments and arguments, and not on an
appeal to authority : such an examination
I gave in my last letter as my reason for my
rejection of those claims, and F. L. has made
no reply. On the totally different issue
whether, in point of fact, Dr. Le Bon's
claims are recognized by the best opinion
of the scientific world, I prefer to accept
the authority of Dr. Le Bon rather than that
of F. L. ; and I consider that the silence or
open rejection of those claims by all the
masters of modern physics — Rutherford and
Thomson, Curie and Becquerel, Wien and
Lenard, and the rest — is of more importance
than the approval of any number of gentle-
men who have no special knowledge of the
subject.
What right has F. L. to reject even my
opinion so contemptuously ? At least I
have a considerable first-hand knowledge
of the special subject of Dr. Le Bon's work.
And who is F. L. ? I am glad that I can
answer that question without impropriety.
The review which was the starting-point of
this discussion was signed not by Mr.
Whetham's name, but only by his initials.
F. L. has consistently spoken of Mr.
Whetham by name in connexion with
that review, and he can therefore have no
objection if I also pass from his initials
to his name and address him as Mr.
Legge. After revealing his identity I
may remark that I have been unable to
discover that he has done any work of
his own on this branch of physics, or
that he has any special opportunities for
gauging prevalent scientific opinion, or that
the imposing heading of his letters means
that he has any connexion with the Royal
Institution other than that of an ordinary
subscribing member.
In his last ' Research Notes ' Mr. Legge
attempted to explain away the misstate-
ments which I had attacked : in so doing he
has shown that his ignorance, which cannot
now be attributed to oversight, is even more
profound than I suspected. He accepts the
proposition that an accelerated electron
emits electromagnetic disturbances, and
asks what happens when the velocity is
decreased. It is clear that he does not
know that " acceleration " is always used
in dynamics to denote any change of velocity,
either in magnitude or direction. The
gentleman who presumes to instruct readers
of The Athenceum in mathematical physics
is not in possession of knowledge demanded
in the " Little-go." Mere common sense
might have saved Mr. Legge from this
blunder ; for, on Stokes's theory which I
mentioned, it is the electromagnetic pulses
emitted when electrons are stopped which
constitute the Rontgen rays. He also says
that Dr. Le Bon goes so far as to say that
electromagnetic waves accompany every
electric spark. And well he may. The
truth of that statement was established
before Dr. Le Bon ever turned his attention
to physics : it is a direct consequence of
Maxwell's theory, which was confirmed by
Hertz in 1887. Mr. Legge does not grasp
the import of the most famous research of
the last fifty years.
The question of the existence of an emana-
tion from uranium has been the subject of
the most careful experiment : the absence
of such an emanation is as well established
as any fact in physics.
I need say no more : this is not tho place
to conduct a correspondence class for teach-
ing Mr. Legge the elements of physics. My
object throughout has been to warn readers
of The Athenceum that they must not accept
Mr. Legge's statements on trust : if they are
led into error by his ignorance, I can at least
acquit myself of any complicity, even
indirect, in their deception.
, Norman R. Campbell.
SOCIETIES.
Society of Antiquaries. — March 8. — Lord
Avebury, President, in the chair. — Mr. Horace W.
Sandars read a paper on ' Pre - Roman Bronze
Votive Objects ' from Despenaperros, in the Sierra
Morena mountains, not far from the town of Santa
Carolina, in the northern portion of the province
of Jaca, Spain. Mr. Sandars began his paper by
Eointing out that "Iberian" would perhaps have
een a more appropriate title, as striking analogies
could l>e established between the Despenaperros
votive offerings, and the statuary and votive
offerings which were discovered in the early
seventies at the Cerro de los Santos, near Yecla,
in the eastern part of Spain, which are recognized
as the productions of Iberian artificers. Mr.
Sandars dwelt at some length on the discoveries at
the Cerro de los Santos, and pointed out that
while they undoubtedly showed the influence of
Grajco-Ph<enician art, they bore distinct evidences
of the absorption of that art and of its adaptation
by the Iberians in that part of Iberia where the
original inhabitants came into more immediate
contact with the powerful invading races. Mr.
Sandars's paper was illustrated by photographs
of statues found at. the Cerro, to which he added
two views of the ' Dame d'Elche,' a very re-
markable bust which belongs to the Cerro de los
Santos group found at Elche, in the province of
Murcia, in 1897, and now in the Louvre. The
votive offerings from Despenaperros were then
dealt with, and the points of resemblance to the
objects from the Cerro, and the varied and in-
teresting features peculiar to them, indicated. — A
discussion followed, in the course of which doubts
were expressed as to the antiquity of the ' Dame
d'Elche.'
Zoological.— March 6. —Mr. C. S. Tomes, V. P. ,
in the chair. —Mr. G. A. Boulenger exhibited a
specimen of liana goliath, obtained by Mr. G. L.
Bates at Efulden, in South Cameroon. This frog
measured ten inches from snout to vent, and was
much larger than any frog hitherto known. — A
series of reports on the zoological results of the
Third Tanganyika Expedition, conducted by Mr.
W. A. Cunnington in 1904-5, was read. The
report on the fishes was by Mr. G. A. Boulenger,
on the Crustacea by Dr. W. T. Caiman, on the
Mollusca by Mr. Edgar A. Smith, on the fresh-
water sponges by Mr. R. Kirkpatrick, and on the
Oligochrete worms by Mr. F. E. Beddard. Mr.
R. T. Giinther exhibited and made remarks on the
Medusa? of the genus Limnocnida obtained during
the expedition.
Philological. — March 2. — Mr. W. H. Stevenson
in the chair. — Dr. J. A. H. Murray, editor in chief
of the Society's Oxford Dictionary, gave a report
on its progress. He had not had time to gather
full details, for the strain of turning out sixteen
columns of print daily absorbed his whole energy.
His great want was permanent assistants. He had
had thirty-three since the work started ; all had to
be trained ; some soon found that they did not
care for it ; others fell ill or left for other employ-
ment ; the most valuable one was killed while
climbing in Wales. The old bibliographical
assistant had left, and was a great loss, but one of
Dr. Murray's daughters had now taken his place
Dr. Bradley had finished a fresh double section of
M ; Mr. Craigie had completed Na ; Dr. Murray
had got to "Pit." 0 and Q were published somo
time ago, and Mr. Craigie had done R to "Reser-
voir"' before he was transferred to N. Dr. Murray
then named and praised his chief helpers, dead
and living. The general readers of books
supplied only the torso of a dictionary article;
the head, limbs, and features had to l>e
added afterwards. For this Notet and Queries has
been most useful. For instance. pier of a bridge,
L. pens, \\as sent in from 'Sir Fcrumbras,'
<•. i4oi»; a letter t o A*. .(•(,'. brought a quotation
for the seven piers of Rochester Bridge in 1125-601
So pike, a Bharp mountain, was sent in first from
Wordsworth : X. ■(• Q, procured instances of it in
Rivington Pike, ft 12-"><>, and others in 1277. 1322,
&c. Its derivation, like those of many other 1*
words, Mas very difficult. As one of its earliest
meanings was that of a pickaxe, it may have come
from L. picU$, a woodpecker. Twelve different
words wer •mpriscd under the one spelling pike.
For a mountain, it was used only in districts ol None
334
Til E A 'I'll KNill' M
X* 1090, Maim 11 17. 1906
term-. I'll', in "otom "ml pile," the "!'•■
of .i ..in, wm ued bj Qower, nn<l oooomd En
90EdW. I.; U was, like mi iinvil, tin- tod Or stem,
with a | nun li i'ii t In' tup, mi « liu Ii tin i • Mi.- i if a
linn wm itruok. II"- phrMfi piout foundet
u-.il by Wart. hi, '. 17"><»; while the mum
photography wm invented bj Sir John Benohol in
Mull, 183®, Picnic e/Mfll finl in entertainment
«t irhiob every one brought his thaws. I' sunt
iii'iu l-'iiiin r. Cheetet field wm the first ruerol it
in 17'i'i, and wm followed by Lady Cbke in 1800,
a [mm 1> Israeli in 1826 flptt applied it to an
outdoor party. Under poun the meaning <>i
tenpenny now was difficult till Mr. Littlehaue'i
edition of the aooounta of St. Mary-at-Hill, in the
City of London, in ' Midi. e\ al Records ol a London
City Church.' K. K. Text Boo,, 1905, showed that
this olass ox nail was li>//. a hundred, though the
prioe wm afterwards reduced to !•'/. Many P
words bad Deeded much research, and incorporated
a gnat deal of social history, like Parliament,
pariah, parton, &c Piece, a fragment, occurs in
the sixth century. For u girl it is used in the
' I'. ul. ■. 1360, in Shakespeare, \c. Dr. Murray
also explained pHlowbeer, contesting ProfSkeats
view, and then gave a short account of his trip
with the British Association to South Africa,
which he had greatly enjoyed, and which had Bet
It in* up in health. He had lectured on the
Dictionary in the ship that took the Association
out, and also in South Africa, though his paper
was not formally part of the Association pro-
gramme ; and he had l>een able to arrange for
many public libraries and some Government
education departments taking the Dictionary on
the favourable terms which the Delegates had
offered to former compounders. He had also
learnt the Karri r clicks and other native sounds,
and wm cheered by his reception in the colony.
Institi-tion ok Civil Engineers. —March 13.—
Sir Alexander R. Binnie, President, in the chair. —
The paper read was ' The Widnes and Runcorn
Transporter-Bridge,' by Mr. J. J. Webster.
AXTHROPOLOl.K'AL INSTITUTE. — Feb. 27. — Prof.
W. Gowland, President, in the chair. — A paper by
Mr. W. G. Aston on ' Ancestor- Worship in Japan '
was read, in the absence of the author, by the Pre-
sident. It was shown that the so-called ancestor-
worship of the Japanese is in reality a cult of the
sun and other nature-deities. But as the sun or
sun -goddess, by a genealogy which covers a period
of about 2,(M>0,000 years and contains many
miraculous incidents, is feigned to be the ancestor
of the Mikados, the Japanese naturally speak of
this cult as ancestor-worship. We should not
follow their example. The descent of the Japanese
nobility from the sun-goddess and other deities of
the old pantheon is to l>e regarded in the same
light. There is a worship of true ancestors in
Japan, but it is due to Chinese influence and is of
later origin.— Mr. W. A. Cunnington read a paper
on ' Anthropological Notes from Lake Tanganyika,'
illustrated by a large collection of lantern-slides.
Mr. Cunnington dealt with the manners, customs,
and arts of natives living by the lake. Among the
slides exhibited was a series showing the different
stages of the manufacture of a pot, the peculiar
point being that the bottom of the pot is put in
last. Other slides showed examples of weapons,
die--, houses, and costumes of the natives.
March 13.— Prof. W. Qowland in the chair.— Mr.
W. Dale exhibited a fine collection of paleolithic
implements from the neighbourhood of South-
ampton. The author divided the implements into
the following groups : flakes, plain and trimmed ;
implements with the butt end purposely left
smooth — used for chopping; oval and almond-
shaped implements with a cutting edge all round ;
pointed implements with both edges equal and
tapering gradually; pointed implements with one
curved and one straight edge, adapted for making
long cutting strokes ; pointed implements in which
one side has been left as flat as possible — these
occur very sparingly in the Hants gravels.— Mr. R.
Shelford read a paper by himself and Dr. C. Hose,
entitled ' Materials for a Study of Tatu in Borneo.'
The paper contained the observations made by the
writers amongst the Kayans, Kenyahs, Bakatans,
Kalabits, and Bea-Dayaks of Sarawak. All the
information provided by previous writers had
been analysed and oom pared, ipecial use being
in. eh- nt I )i . A. Nieuwenhuis'a books on Bn
Kayan tatu. which is still a nourishing art, wm
■ I. cribed in considerable detail, with reference not
only to the tatu designi employed, but also to tie-
elaborate oeremonial accompanying the pre
Tin- Kenyahs and Sea-Dayaks also appeal '■> have
borrowed tin- practice oi tatu ran largely from
the Kayans; but moHt of the Inowoaaaan ti
base all bad, at one tune or another, a distinctive
tatu. It is most unfortunate that the practice is
rapidly dying out amongst these people. It was
not found possible to classify the tattled peoples of
Borneo in three main divisions, as had been done
by Dr. Nieuwcnhuis for those of a less extended
area.
Society ob Biblical Archaeology. March 14.
Mr. Pilcher read a paper on 'Kabbalistic
Planetary Charms.' Several objects of a L.thba-
listic nature were exhibited; and Mr. Pilcher
briefly traced the rise and progress of kabbalistic
astrology, which really had two distinct sources,
the one being the astronomical speculations and
researches of the Alexandrian Greeks, and the
other the theosophioal dogmas of the mediasval
Spanish school of Judaism. When the Greeks
first began to pay attention to the heavenly bodies,
they named the five planets after Olympian
deities, acting upon some obvious analogies. These
names subsequently played an important part in
the development of astrology; for the associations
of these five Greek gods became transferred to the
stars. Astrology flourished throughout the Roman
Kmpire, and was widely credited by all classes.
We hear little of it after the fall of Rome until its
revival by the Jewish kabbalists in the fourteenth
century. Kabbalism adopted the old Greek theory
of the earth being the centre of the universe, sur-
rounded by seven concentric planetary spheres ;
but it revolutionized the terminology of astrology,
by placing the whole system under the guidance of
a hierarchy of angelic beings, whose names were
partly derived from the earlier Jewish super-
stitions, and partly from an ingenious utilization
of the numerical values of the Hebrew letters.
Numerical acrostics, or "magic squares," were
assigned to each planet, and the principal numbers
in each square were formed into names, which were
then attributed to the angels, intelligences, spirits,
and demons who were supposed to inhabit the
sphere of that planet. If these magic squares
were traced on parchment, or engraved on metal
plates under certain aspects of the heavenly bodies,
they were believed to ensure good fortune, and to
shield the possessor from the attacks of evil spirits.
These planetary charms are occasionally met with
by antiquaries, and can usually be interpreted by
means of the Grimoirts. The best are in Hebrew
characters ; but Roman letters and Arabic numerals
were largely employed, as being more familiar to
the engravers. The Latin forms of the names, &c.,
are, however, usually corrupt ; and the squares are
often blundered. The charms are mostly of the
sixteenth or seventeenth century ; and are interest-
ing as memorials of the belief in astrology, sorcery,
and witchcraft which characterized that period.
Mathematical. — March 8. — Prof. W. Burnside,
V.P., and subsequently Sir W. Niven, V.P., in the
chair. — The following papers were communicated :
' On Sommerfeld's Diffraction Problem and on Re-
flection by a Parabolic Mirror,' by Prof. H. Lamb,
— ' On Function Sum Theorems connected with a
Series defined by a certain Logarithmic Integral,'
by Prof. L. J. Rogers, — ' Investigations on Series
of Zonal Harmonics,' by Prof. T. J. I'A. Brom-
wioh, — 'On the Integral Functions defined by
certain Series,' by the Rev. E. W. Barnes, — and
'On the Relations between certain Determinants
formed from Rectangular Arrays,' by Prof. E. J.
Nanson. — Lieut. -Col. A. Cunningham made an
informal communication ' On the Divisors of
Numbers of certain Special Forma.' — Dr. F. S.
Maoaulay made an informal communication ' On
the Equilibrium of Forces of Given Magnitudes,
each passing through a Given Point."
Aristotelian. — March 3. — Mr. S. H. Hodgson.
V. 1'., in the chair.— The Rev. J. Lineham was
elected a Member. — Mr. P. Tavani read a paper on
'A certain Aspect of Reality as Intelligible.'
Idealism as a monistic system fails to give an in-
telligible view of r'-rtbty j nft as much as any
othei kind of inoiii-in. A br-t type of ideal!
which we might assume as intelligible, is that in
which all oonoepts and their oot respondent p
oepts al. , .,,,,, . ',-d v, ,t), t • ,i,d
■ • iiMies* by « mere relation ■ i <>uggee-
tion or ( i.rrehjH.ndeiice, without a my
activity in oonaoiousness which would maki
oept and a pereept to be what they appear to -
in such connexion. 'I be it, wttiofa expresses a con
grueaoe between reality and oonsoioaaoess, cannot,
at bast in a fiist instance, be assumed to mean
more than a mere corresjxiiiden • I ..
a deeper relation than this 1 The ground for such
an advance i- aflbeded by assuming s mentally
active principle generally identified with the think-
ing self. If this is assumed to Ijc a matter of in-
tuition, then monistic idealism is the neee-
outcomc of it. But as it cannot Ik- matter of in-
tuition, so criticism leads to the conclusion that the
Statement "Self, as a mental fact, possesses an
activity considered also as a mental fa
of immediate evidence and of all ground. A
synthetical and at the same time more intelligible
view of reality is afforded to us by a s_\ stem of
ideas all powiiMMijj, eijual evidence of reality, all
referring to consciousness as to the common
dition of their actualization in time, but irre-
ducible to one another and to consciousness itself,
though connected with it. Each idea is a corre-
spondence between a concept and a percept, and
contains in itself the whole meaning of congruence
and opposition lietween a concept and a percept,
The idea, so conceived, is the unit of the reality of
the world as intelligible, and the relation of corre-
spondence the only necessary and sufficient cate-
gory of intelligibility. — The paper was followed by
a discussion.
Physical. — Ftb. 23. — Prof. J. Perry, President,
in the chair. — A paper by Mr. J. Walker, entitled
' A Note on Talbot's Lines,' was read by the
Secretary. — A paper on 'Secondary R<>ntgen
Radiation' was read by Dr. C. G. Barkla. — A
paper by Messrs. C. W. S. Crawley and F. B. O.
Hawes, entitled ' Records of the Difference of
Potential between Railway Lines when a Train
passes and at other Times, and a Suggested
Method for the Observation of Earth Currents
and Magnetic Variations,' was read by Mr.
Crawley.
Mos.
Ti ».
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Survivor? Institution. 1 — The Surveyor and Fire Insurance,
Mr. 11. Q. Q. Read. iJunior Mooting!
. it Ait- 8. -'Eire Kin- Kisks. and Fire Extinction,1
Lecture II., Prof. V. It. Lewes, Oantoi Lovture.i
Geographical, s:io— 'The Economic Geography of Australia,'
Prof. J. W. Gregory.
Roval Institution. B.— 'Tin Influence of Geology on Scenery,'
Lecture I.. Mr. .1. E. Marr. Tvii.lall Lecture. I
— Statistical. B.— 'Statistic* of Population anil Pauperism in
England and Wales. 1*161 — 1901. Prof C S. Loch.
— Institution of Civil Engineer*. 8. -'The Outer Barrier. Hod-
tiarrow Iron Mines. Millom. Cumberland. Mr H. S. LidwelL
— Society of Arts, 8— 'English Royal Heraldry,' Mr. 0. Ifcjvcn-
IH.rt.
— Zoological, s.M— ' A Monograph of the Coleoptera of the
Genus Sciol.ius.' Mr. O. A K. Marshall; A Contribution
to the Studvof Evolution baaed ujx.n the Mexican Species
of Cnemidopnorus.' I>r. Hans Gadow ; On Three Sew Forms
of Butterfly of the Genus Hclicoiiius,' Mr. P. I. Lathy.
WEB. Royal. 4.30.
— Meteorological. 7.:».— ' South Africa as seen hv a Meteorologist,'
Mr. H. K. Mill.
— British Aroh.eological, 8. — ' A Delegate's Account of the
Archaeological Congress at Athens, Bar, H. Cart.
— British Numismatic, s . — The Inscription on the Oxford
Pennies of the ohsnaforda Tyi>o. Mr. A. Anvoinlie.
Entomol. .i:\c.U. -
Polk lore, s— ' Elf-shooting and its Treatment in the North-
J. Mel.
SiiTce.
West ,1 Ireland.' Rev.
ehati ; 'I'aircm Polk lore. Prof.
— Geological, s— 'The Chalk and I>rift in Mean.' Ke> K. Hill:
on the Relations of the chalk and Boulder-Clay near
Royston, Hertfordshire,' Prof. T. a. Bonner; 'Bncntapod
H-'iiHcoinorphy : Pygoin\ Antinonti.-i, l'ygites.' Mr. s S
Ituckncin.
— Microscopical, s— A Contribution to our Knowledge of the
Rotifers of South Africa.' Mr C. P. Roussclct ; On the
Resolting limits for the Telescope and the Microecoi*. Mr.
E M. Nelson.
— Society of Arts, s — • Motor P««ts.' Mr. II. B. Redwood.
Tut. a.- Society of Arts. 4 .to.— The Languages of India and the Lin-
I IT. G. A. Grien-on
— llovul Institution. ." - Internal Coiiihostion Engines.' Lecture
I.. W..t li Hoiikinson.
— Institution of Electrical Engineers. H. — ' Electrical Equipment
of the Al>erdare Collieries of the Powell Duffryn Company,'
Mr ('. P Sharks; ' Electric Winding r,.nsidcrcl Practically
and Commercially.' Mr. W. C. Mount.ain.
— Bociety of Antiquaries, s 30. — ' Notes on a Sculptured Stone in
the Museum at Wallingford Custle." Mr. CL E. Kcyser :
' V.arlv Italian Brooches in Britain,' Prof. Kidgeway ana
Mr It A. Smith
Fbi, Physical, a.— ' On Unilateral Electric Conductivity over I'atnp
Surfaces. Prof. P. T. Trouton ; 'The Construction and Use
of Oscillation Valves for rectifying High Pre-piencv Electric
Current*.' Prof. ,1. A. Fleming; On the I'se of the Cymo-
meter for the Determination of Resonance Curves." Mr.
0. B. Dyke.
— Institution oi civil Engineers, S. — ' Waves.' Mr. F. K. Stevens.
students' Meeting.)
— Royal Institution, y — ' lmiierial IVfenee.' Earl Rolierts.
Sir. Royal Institution. ". — 'Trie Corpuscular Theory of Matter,'
Lecture IV., Prof. ,1. .1. Thomson.
N° 4090, Maech 17, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
335
&tunu (gossip.
Our special series of scientific articles will
be continued next week by a paper on the
form and shape of the much - discussed
electron as indicated by the experiments ot
Prof. Kaufmann, of Bonn, and the deforma-
tion theory of Prof. H. A. Lorentz, of Ley-
den. It will be by Dr. Alfred H. Bucherer
Lecturer in Physics at the University of
Bonn, whose theories in connexion with the
work of his colleague Prof. Kaufmann have
of late attracted much attention.
Messrs. Bell have in the press a popular
book on ' Steam and Water Turbines,' in
which the technical side of the subject is
explained to the general reader concurrently
with its history. Present problems and a
forecast of the future are combined with
the most complete theory of these well-
known machines that has so far been pub-
lished. There will be many illustrations.
The author, Mr. W. H. Stuart Garnett, had
a distinguished career at Cambridge, and is a
son of the first independent engineer to
recommend the adoption of the steam
turbine.
The Thirty-Ninth Annual Report of the
Board of Visitors of the Melbourne Obser-
vatory has been received, together with the
Report placed before them by the Govern-
ment Astronomer, Mr. Baracchi. The
Visitors again call attention to the need
of an increase in the staff, particularly to
the importance of filling the long-standing
vacancy in the office of Chief Assistant, so
as to enable Mr. Baracchi to devote part of
his time to astronomical research ; and
they remark that the unique position of the
observatory, as the most southerly in the
world, renders this especially desirable.
Mr. Baracchi details the work which has
been accomplished during the twelve months
ending last April. The astronomical por-
tion has been almost confined to meridian
observations and stellar photography, the
great telescope and the 8-inch south equa-
torial having been used only occasionally.
Something has been done towards the
formation of the Fourth Melbourne General
Catalogue of Stars, which is to be adapted
to the epoch 1900. Magnetic, meteoro-
logical, and seismological observations have
been regularly carried on, as well as the time
service and signals ; and further progress
has been made with the measurements of the
plates for the astrographic catalogue of the
Sydney and Melbourne zone.
We have received the second number of
vol. xxxiv. of the Memorie della Societd
degli Spettroscopisti ltaliani, containing a
paper by Signor Bemporad on actinometric
observations of the solar eclipse of last
August, and Father Fenyi's description of
the great sunspot which was observed from
January 28th to February 10th last year —
the largest sunspot seen since 1880.
A new comet (b, 1906) was discovered by
Herr Kopff at the Konigstuhl Observatory,
Heidelberg, on the night of the 3rd inst.
It was situated in the southern part of the
constellation Leo, and moving slowly in a
north-westerly direction. At the time of
discovery its brightness was below that of a
star of the tenth magnitude. On the fol-
lowing night it was visually observed, and
found to have a defined nucleus with a tail
about half a degree in length. The slowness
of the motion of tho comet has rendered
it difficult to determine accurately tho
elements of its orbit ; but a first approxima-
tion shows that it passed its perihelion in
January, and that it is now also receding
from the earth. Its brightness is diminish-
ing, and is at present only about half what
it was at the time of discovery.
Seven new small planets are, further,
announced from the same place: two by
Prof. Max Wolf on the 21st ult., three by him
and one by Herr Kopff on the 22nd, and one
by Prof. Wolf on the 3rd inst. Four are also
announced by Mr. Metcalf, of Taunton,
Mass. : two on the 16th, one on the 17th,
and one on the 22nd ult. One of those on
the 16th is identical with that detected by
Herr Kopff on the 22nd, so that in this Mr.
Metcalf has the priority, and only seven of
those announced from Konigstuhl are new.
Madame Ceraski, in the course of her
examination of photographic plates taken
by M. Blajko at the Moscow Observatory,
has detected the variability of two stars,
situated in the constellations Auriga and
Cassiopeia respectively. The former (de-
signated var. 27, 1906, Aurigse) seems to be
usually of about the tenth magnitude or
nearly so, but at times sinks to considerably
below the eleventh. The latter (var. 28,
1906, Cassiopeia) varies between 9*3 and
11-8 in magnitude in a period which is pro-
bably short. The first of these stars is
included in the Bonn ' Durchmusterung,'
where it is numbered +30°.792, and the
magnitude is stated to be 9-5.
FINE ARTS
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
J~ London to the Nore. Tainted and de-
scribed by W. L. and M. A. Wyllie. (A. & C.
Black.) — Every one who knows anything of
the lower reaches of the Thames knows
something of how Mr. Wyllie collects the
materials for his pictures. A barge fitted
up as a yacht makes a comfortable home, as
well as a convenient studio, so that Mrs.
Wyllie was able to combine the task of com-
piling the " description " which is added to
the pictures with the duties of housekeeping
and the pleasures of yachting. The narra-
tive seems to have been written for the most
part " on the spot," and it is no injustice to
say that it smells very little of the lamp.
There is, of course, a considerable historical
spice ; but it is not in such a book as this
that we should search for an adequate state-
ment of the old fishery laws, or for an appre-
ciation of the strategy of the Dutch attack
on Chatham, so that there need be no dis-
appointment when Mrs. Wyllie tells less
than there is to be told. Both of these
topics, and many others of historical interest,
are handled in the progress down stream,
and the whole is tied together with a running
comment on present-day river life, and with
naive confidences as to the doings of the
family party on board. The " sickening
reek " of Rainham, the Lobster Smack at
Hole Haven, the raw hand who does not
know a bawley from a barge — all these are
familiar. And, as there may be no remi-
niscence without regret, the author pauses
occasionally to deplore vanished landmarks.
Even the river changes, and since the pub-
lication of this book at least two well-known
features have passed away, in the old
Exmouth from Grays, and in the genial
person of the landlord of the Lobster Smack.
There are some little points on which Mrs.
Wyllie is not too precise : it is, for instance,
incorrect nowadays to speak of men-of-war
running their trials on the Maplins Mile ;
tho Endymion did not tako over tho duties
of the Northampton ; and ' Penchas his
Pilgrim ' is a book unknown to most men.
But theso are petty points ; after all, tho
pictures aro tho thing. There are sixty
full-page coloured illustrations, and if in
some few the colouring is somewhat garish,
yet by far the greater number are admirably
served by the process of reproduction. Some
of the atmospheric effects employed give a
wonderful charm to familiar scenes, foremost
among which may be mentioned the river,
as seen from the Tower Bridge, gleaming in
a pink afterglow, and the ' Upper Pool,'
which shows St. Paul's, the City spires, and
the masts of shipping silhouetted against a
crimson sunset. Lower down the river the
subjects are less noble, and the haze of Lon-
don is not available, but the simpler studies
have their own charm. Quaint out-of-the-
way spots that cannot be reached save by
water, invigorating studies of wind against
tide, memories of sweltering calm, and
sketches of shipping and craft, men-of-war,
training ships, steamers, tugs, timbermen,
coasters, barges — all are here. But we find
no bawleys, though in the book we hear
so much of them. If we were asked to
suggest subjects for two more pictures, the
demand would be for a nearer view of the
College at Greenwich, and for a glimpse of
Leigh with its innumerable bawleys.
Franciscan Legends in Italian Art : Pic-
tures in Italian Churches and Galleries. By
Emma Gurney Salter. (Dent & Co.) — This
little book is a very valuable manual of those
pictures of Italy, especially of Central Italy,
which are likely to appeal to the ever-growing
class of those interested in St. Francis and
his followers. The author gives an account
of the saint and his portraits, discussing
all the thirteenth-century representations of
him known. None of them has any claim
to be considered a portrait in the modern
sense of the word, and all of them have been
too much " restored " to give us grounds
for anything more than the merest guess at
their original appearance. In turn the pic-
tures illustrating the legend of St. Francis,
and those in the Upper and the Lower Church
at Assisi, are described, and from them the
author turns to the stories of the Franciscan
saints and the pictures founded on them.
In discussing St. Clare, and giving pictures
of her in youth and age, the author does
not seem to allude to the fact that we have
an unquestionable check on them, as her
body is intact and the shape of her face
absolutely preserved. The statement (p. 191)
that nothing can be seen of the frescoes at
Santa Chiara, Assisi, is far too strong.
Though but two of them remain, and these
in fragments, the one which shows the ladies
of Assisi bearing St. Clare to the grave
is of extraordinary interest and beauty.
The ' Practical Hints for the Traveller ' will
be found trustworthy, and the table of
painters useful. The illustrations are satis-
factory, if rather comprehensive in point of
style. The directions as to the exact position
of the pictures in the churches and galleries
form a valuable addition to the story. But
to give as history at this time of day the
statement that Francis returned from the
East in consequence " of the innovations
that his Vicar, Elias, was attempting to
introduce in his absence," is to abuse the
licence allowed to popular works on art,
the last refuge of obsolete inaccuracies.
Les Caricatures de Puvis de Chavannes.
Preface de Marcelle Adam. (Paris, Dela-
grave.) — " Quand un peintre a de l'esprit
il fait forcemont do la caricature," Mile.
Adam quotes from a friend, and so it
happens that Puvis has left behind him a
number of drawings which at first sight
might surprise, and even shock, those who
havo built up from his paintings the idea of
a sedate, immovable Olympian figure, and
havo failed to imagine that after all Puvis
himself was a real man — a man, too, of a
336
Til B AT II KNJEUM
N 1090, bUmm 17, 1906
i)ltiyful iimi almost ohildlika gaiety <>f
tumour. There are, ind I. men]
(mid Mill-. Manill" Adam give* lOOM
nliafiniiiy ones) which exhibit this tide of
I lis character; hut we doubt whether the
ordinary English spectator would gather
preoieelj that from a study <>f these draw in^s
hiiv more than from his serene and stately
compositions. For in tact these caricatures
Bre more fantastic than amusing J hut they
■re not without s terrible side. Buoh
drawings as the ' Boeui Boucher,1 sitting
with bloodstained apron beside his stall
hmig with human carcases, is treated Willi
more <>f the grim satire of mediaeval humour
than with modern gaiety. Tho macabre,
indeed, is ■ frequent element in these
fantasies, and it is among them — in such
drawings as that of the clawed and taloned
monster with a death's head dancing to
the sounds of a viol made of a woman's
body — that the intensity of his vision is
most manifest. There are, of course, many
drawings that deal with actualities, but
these aro less intelligible to the uninitiated
than his wilder freaks of invention. A few
— such as the old gentleman disturbed in
his bath, " Oh, ca qu'est-ce done encore, je
n'ai pas sonne," with the look of a sour
and irritable bourgeois whose comforts are
his only happiness — are subtle and delight-
ful ; but on the whole they scarcely rank
for psychological acumen with the great
designs of Daumier, with which, owing to a
certain similarity of style, one inevitably
compares them. The contrasts of type are
more obvious, the situations more over-
charged, and with mucli playfulness and
occasional wit there is little of the humanity
•which makes Daumier 's humour sympa-
thetic even when his satire is most bitter.
There can be no doubt of the mastery of
line, the sense of beauty and style which
pervades even the slightest of these toys
of idle moments ; and altogether the book
affords a most interesting, if somewhat
unexpected side-light upon the character of
one of the greatest creative geniuses of our
age. We ought, perhaps, to say that the
book has been edited without' passing the
censorship of tho British matron.
Three recent parts of Hirth's Formen-
schatz are before us. They maintain the
varied interest and the excellent workman-
ship which have always distinguished these
plates, though, as usual, the objets oVart and
architecture are both better reproduced and
more interesting than the pictures. Indeed,
we think that it would be well to avoid such
pictures as the Van der Capelle and the
Turner, which lose most of their charm
in a half - tone reproduction. If their
place were taken by some of the earlier
and less -known primitives, the collection
would appeal more decidedly to lovers
of art. Among the best things we may
note two enamelled silver beakers from
Vienna, of fifteenth-century Burgundian
workmanship ; two splendid sculptures in
the stylo of Giovanni di Balduccio, from
the Museo Archeologico in Milan ; a very
ornate Gothic window by Pietro da Como ; and
a very early German ivory comb, from tho
Kunstgewerbe Museum at Cologne. A fine
ceiling decoration, from the Ducal Palace
at Mantua, in the legend of which " Kasset-
tendecke " is amusingly translated " cover
of a cash-box " ; and a charmingly naive
Austrian sculpture of the fifteenth century,
representing ' Youth and Age,' which is one
of the treasures of the Kunsthistorischo
Sammlung in Vienna, also deserve mention.
The Care of Ancient Moriumcnts. By G.
Baldwin Brown. (Cambridge, University
Press.) — Prof. Baldwin Brown has accom-
plished a useful work in giving a detailed
account of the legislative and other mes tin
adopted in European countries for pi
ing ancient monuments and objects und
scenes of natural beauty, and also for pre-
serving the ■sped of historical cities. To
these particulars lie has added a chapter
on DOn-European lands of ancient renown,
such as India and Egypt, which are now m
the main under European control. This
chapter might with advantage have been
extended ; it would, for instance, have been
of particular interest to set out native action
in this direction in Japan and even in China.
Nor is it easy to understand why the United
States have been excluded from such a work
as this, save for a few brief and unsatis-
factory paragraphs. The plea for this
omission, namely, that it would involve
"great and undue extension of the limits
of the work," is somewhat curious, as the
book contains only 250 pages. Had the
writer confined himself to monuments, under
the usual application of the term to the
works of man, and left the question of the
preservation of natural beauties, such as
Burnham Beeches or the Yellowstone Park,
for separate treatment, the result would
probably have been better. Nevertheless
it is a decided advantage to possess a book
of this kind for ready reference, and its
publication may result in quickening the
English pulse towards further legislation.
A main " source " for the subject is a
Blue Book issued in 1897, which contained
reports from our different consulates as to
the statutory provisions existing in foreign
countries for the preservation of historical
buildings. In the same year further par-
ticulars were published by the National
Trust as to places of natural beauty. A
third mine of information, here freely cited,
is the report of the Monument Congress held
at Berlin in 1900.
There is far less security for historical
monuments provided by direct legislative
action in Great Britain and Ireland than in
several continental countries. The first
Ancient Monuments Protection Act was
passed in 1882, but it was much emasculated,
owing to exaggerated views of the rights of
private property, before it was suffered to
pass into law. This Act was amended in
1900, so as to give certain local powers to
County Councils. The first of these two
Acts provided for the appointment of an
Inspector of Ancient Monuments. This post
was accepted bj* General Pitt Rivers, an
admirable choice. The General at first
spent far more than his official salaiy in
travelling and causing the various pre-
historic monuments scheduled under the
Act to be carefully surveyed. But his
original enthusiasm evaporated under many
rebuffs, as the Act was almost purely per-
missive in character. Finding he could
effect so little good under its provisions, he
resigned, but was persuaded to retain the
nominal or honorary title of Inspector,
though for the last ten or twelve years of
his life ho neither did any work nor drew
any salary. At his death in 1900 the Govern-
ment took so little interest in the matter
that tho inspectorship was allowed to drop.
It is not a little singular that Prof. Baldwin
Brown has not a word to say about General
Pitt Rivers and his action and disappoint-
ments, and his plain statements as to the
inadequacy of the Act ; he contonts himself
with the simple record of his appointment
and his death.
Tho admirablo action of the London
County Council with regard to the limited
powers it possesses under the 1900 Act, and
under the clause of its General Powers Act of
1898, which enabled it recently to purchase a
famous old house in Fleet Street and preserve
it a- nn historical monument, i- deservedly
praised in thai volume. It in also shown,
that other County Councils are awake to-
their powers and duties, and the action of
thamptonshire with regard to the Qn
Eleanor crosses is specially mentioned. I
earlier joint action of the W'-l-h County
Councils in this direction, which much
gratified General Pitt Rivers towards the-
closfl of his life, might also with advantage-
have been cited.
The author has done uell to draw atten-
tion to a few cases of authorized local by-
laws and regulation- whereby the upkeep
of certain ancient structures has been
secured. Thus the Corporation of Che
oan now prevent any new buildings or
erections Ix-ing placed BO as to abut
the ancient city walls ; it might have been*
added that this is but a mild kind of rev r-
sion to the extensive powers that the local
authorities of all our walled towns possessed
in the Middle Ages. Other cities and towns
would do well to follow Chester. As it is,.
when our corporations possess historical
monuments of first importance absolutely
in their own hands, they are often the very
persons who set an example of bad treat-
ment. Such is the case at Canterbury,,
where the fine Norman castle keep is used,
as a coal depot !
THIRTEEN WOMEN ARTISTS : TOWN
AND COUNTRY, BY PATIENCE
BISHOPP.
The visitor to the minor exhibitions that
succeed one another so plentifully in Bond
Street can hardly fail to be struck with one-
fact — and though it is very noticeable in the-
works of the fourteen lady artists at the-
Dore Gallery now under consideration, it
must in fairness be admitted it would pro-
bably be just as noticeable in similar exhibi-
tions by men — the fact, namely, that the
desire to avoid the commonplace has no-
effect whatever in stimulating original
research. In comparison with the painters-
of older fashion, artists are now very keen
on giving their work some peculiarity that
will make it distinguishable ; but they
hardly ever find suggestions for such trade-
marks outside the works of other people-
Moreover, we seem to remember a day when
even imitation had a saving grace — when
the lesser artist struggled painfully along:
the path over which his admired master
more nimbly preceded him. Nowadays
there are still some signs of effort in the
upper ranks of the profession, but in the
lower we find men using the example of
others almost exclusively as a means of
evading difficulties, turning out always a
sloppier and more confident version of the
type of art they have chosen as a pattern.
In the present exhibition we have, as
usual, this sense not merely of repetition,
but of disrespectful repetition — an imita-
tion anything but flattering to its subject,
inasmuch as it implies that his work is not
even worth the trouble he had to take to
produce it. Miss Sybil Dowie. tor example,
does not compliment Mr. Arthur Hacker
by the casual ease with which she thinks
to do a portrait in his manner. Miss
Florence White treats Mr. Ralph Feacock
with greater consideration. She almost
wins your respect by getting into difficul-
ties. Elsewhere in the room imitation
is none the less evident for being more-
composite. Miss Syers being perhaps the
greatest offender. She seems to follow other
painters as a timid foxhunter might follow
N°4090, March 17, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
337
•eny one who knew a gap in the hedge ; and
ihow far you may thus get from the true line
•of the trail may be imagined. One painter
-will teach you how to evade drawing,
another how to produce something roughly
■taking without any delicate handling of the
pigment ; a third suggests that close truth
•to the tone or colour of nature is not necessary
4o pictorial effect. There ensues a kind of
across between the hangers-on of the later
Dutch school of landscape painting and the
trick of hand of Mr. Van Hier, the very
ideal, in fact, of the clumsier side of the art
•of fudge.
Miss James, imitative as the rest, shows
the best work on the whole, having chosen
=as her model some painter of the character,
eay, of M. Dumoulin, of the Champ de Mars
Salon, whose cast-iron science of colour
reflection will bear the dilution of a rather
■easy imitation. There is less bite and go
in her work than in that of M. Dumoulin,
fcut she never does such ugly things as he
■does at his worst, though with her also taste
for colour lags behind knowledge of natural
•effect. You see in her Courtyard at Toledo
how this theory of coloured reflections
bullies the subject into a rather sugary and
cloying iridescence. Her eyes would have
told her that the mass of shadow was really
milder, simpler, more neutral. The same
■difficulty runs through all her work. She
has realized the variously coloured lights
that surfaces have to reflect — has realized
less how much these surfaces vary, from
texture, colour, or position, in their power
of reflecting such colour. Hence she succeeds
fcest in a slight sketch when she has just
time to note how far her eyes tell her what
lier theories expect them to tell, not time
•enough to wrestle unaided with the unex-
pected—succeeds best, too, in the brilliantly
lighted South, where reflection is pushed to
its highest pitch and Nature is most nearly
what these theories would have her be.
The larger figure picture shows that with a
subject indoors that can be approached
•more at leisure Miss James emerges less
triumphantly from Nature's more searching
■cross-examination, and produces something
•quite commonplace. Still, on the whole,
•ehe is by far the most interesting exhibitor,
end in such a sketch as the Botanical Gardens,
Madrid, where for once a deeper band of
shadow gives the eye a little welcome repose,
•offers a bright and tolerably truthful record
of Southern sunshine. It is much to be
preferred to such apparently more har-
monious work as Miss Janet Fisher's Florence.
This is exactly what the " artistic " photo-
grapher will do as soon as some chromatic
process gives him the necessary freedom to
' fake " a little. Then, it may be hoped,
the dealer will be driven to seek for work in
which nature is approached or paint handled
in a more scholarly and independent fashion.
SALES.
The collection of the late Mr. J. Russell Buck-
ler, >old by Messrs. Christie on the 10th inst., was
noteworthy for the large number of pictures by
H. F.intin Litour: Flowers in a Bowl, 241/. ;
Dahlias, 22W. ; Daffodil, Jonquils, and Tulip in a
Class Bowl, ISO/. ; Carnations, 189/. ; Fruit and
Still Life on a Table, 1522. ; White Rosei in a Glass
Vase. 1181. ; Rosea and Lilies inaGlaa Bowl, 2167.;
Roses, 1681. ; WhitS Stuck and Iris, 1571. ; A Bai kei
of Grapes and an Apple, 1061. \ Pink Rosea in a
Vase, 2572. ; A Bunch .,t Flowers in a Vase, >'M/. ;
Autumn, 1682.; Spina, 1367. ; Spring Flowi
1167.; A Bowl of Roses, 1522. ; The Bathers, 1522.;
White Pinks, 1312.; Flowers in a Glass, IS.'!/.;
Marshal Niel Roses, 2732. ; Solitude, 1672. ; Peaehei
and a Rose, 1572. ; Flowers in a Glass Bottle, 1 102 •
The Bather, 1262.; Roses, 1202.; [/Atelier de
Manet, 168/. ; Asters and Dahlias, 110/. ; An Angel
with a Wreath, 120/. ; Tannhauser, 105/. ; Roses in
a Blue Vase, 110/. J. Van Coyen, A Town on a
River, 1051. Romney, Portrait of a Young Girl,
131/.
Mr. Buckler's etchings and engravings were sold
on the 12th and 13th inst. : The Quiet Hour, by
Axel H. Haig, 24/. ; The Interior of Burgos
Cathedral, by the same, 45/. ; Mont St. Michel,
by the same, 43/. After Romney : Lady Hamilton
as a Bacchante, by Appleton, 43/. After Meis-
sonier : Le Cuide, by A. Jacquet, 27/. ; Le Voyageur,
by A. Boulard, 27/. ; Piquet, by the same, 31/. ;
The Sign-Painter, by A. Jacquet, 31/. ; The Ser-
geant's Portrait, by the same, 32/. ; Partie Perdue,
by F. Bracquemond, 31/. ; Les Renseignements,
by A. Jacquet, 32/. ; 1806, by the same, 64/. ; 1807,
by the same, 99/.
Jtiu-^rt (Sossip.
Messrs. Chenit,, at their gallery by the
Town Hall, Chelsea, hold next Thursday a
Eress view of paintings of ' Scenes in Spain,'
y Mr. Trevor Haddon, who is a pupil of
the Herkomer School at Bushey.
Mr. Franz Hanfstaengl has open an
exhibition of ' Colour Engravings ' at 16,
Pall Mall East.
The Fine-Art Society are showing ' With
Horse and Hound,' hunting sketches by
Mr. R. H. Buxton.
Messrs. H. Graves & Co. hold a private
view to-day, at 6, Pall Mall, of paintings in
oil of animal subjects, including horses,
mountain and moorland ponies, dogs, cats,
&c.
On Wednesday last the National Art-
Collections Fund handed over to the
Trustees of the National Gallery the ' Venus
and Cupid ' of Velasquez, as a gift to the
nation, and it has been placed in the room
devoted to the Spanish School.
During the fortnight it was on exhibi-
tion in Edinburgh this much - discussed
picture was visited by about 20,000
people ; and a lecture on Velasquez,
with special reference to the ' Venus,' by
Prof. Baldwin Brown, was listened to by a
crowded audience. An excellent suggestion
has been made that the Council of the Royal
Scottish Academy should give the public an
opportunity of seeing in the gallery on the
same screen the splendid copy by Etty of
the Titian ' Venus ' which hangs in the
Academy Library, so that they might
compare the work of the Venetian with that
of the Spanish artist.
At a general assembly of the Royal Society
of British Artists the following were elected
Members : Messrs. Arthur Ellis, W. E. Riley,
Geoffrey Strahan, Frank Svvinstead, P. T.
Gilchrist, and Miss Dorothea Sharp.
We are sorry to hear of the death of M.
Jean Dcsbrosses, the well-known landscape
painter, President of the Societe des Peintres
de Montagne and a member of the Societe
des Artistes Francais.. Desbrosses was born
in Paris on May 28th, 1835, the son of an
artisan, received encouragement from Chin-
treuil, a friend of his father, and studied
under Ary Scheiffer. After some years of
poverty, ho secured admission to the Salon.
His first work, ' Porteuses d'Herbes,' was
exhibited there in 1861, and was purchased
by the State. In succeeding Salons he
exhibited ' Dans la Montague,' now in the
Valenciennes Museum ; ' Le Lac Chambon,'
now at Lille ; ' La Montce du Petit Saint-
Bernard,1 which obtained a medal, and is
now in the Luxembourg : and ' Le Mont
Dore,' for which ho received a second-class
medal, and which is now at the Clermont
Museum. Dcsbrosses organized at Pont-de-
Vaux, the native town of his old master and
friend Chintreuil, a museum of which he
was keeper. His landscapes were more
remarkable for their painstaking accuracy
than for poetic feeling. He himself was
throughout his life a Bohemian of the Murger
type.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
Queen's Hall. — Symphony Concert. Mr.
Charles Williams's Orchestral Concert.
M. Edouard Colonne was conductor of
the eighth Symphony Concert last Thurs-
day week, in place of Herr Ernst von
Schuch, who had been announced, but
who was prevented from fulfilling his
engagement, his services at Dresden being
required in connexion with a State concert.
M. Colonne is an admirable interpreter of
Berlioz, and the ' Carnaval Romain '
Overture was rendered with great spirit.
The performance of Schumann's ' Manfred'
Overture was good ; but though the music
is well in keeping with the restless mind of
Manfred which it is supposed to depict,
it does not make so strong an appeal as
one would expect. This may be owing
in some degree to the orchestration ; any-
how, this overture would be more impres-
sive if actually given as prelude to the
play itself. The incidental music, from
which three numbers were selected, would
also gain if heard in connexion with the
drama; of themselves, though beautiful,
they are too slight. The fine playing of
Mr. J. L. Fonteyne on the cor Anglais in
the ' Ranz des Vaches ' deserves record.
The Paris version of the Overture and
Venusberg music from ' Tannhauser ' was
performed, but the one did not " merge "
into the other : M. Colonne brought the
overture to an end, and then made a break.
The reading of the music was French ; there
was plenty of life, but the subtle touches
to which Dr. Richter has accustomed us
were lacking. The concert ended with
the Tschaikowsky Symphony, No. 4, in
which the Andantino was given with
great charm, and the piquant Scherzo
with rare crispness. M. Colonne was
received with great warmth.
The next concert of the London Sym-
phony Orchestra, on March 26th, will be
under the direction of Dr. Richter. As
the date is the anniversary of Beethoven's
death, that composer might surely have
been represented by a more important
work than the ' Coriolan ' Overture.
Mr. Charles Williams gave his seeond
orchestral concert at Queen's Hall on
Monday evening. The programme com-
menced with some clever Variations on a
Swedish Air by Mr. William Y. Hurlstone,
who won a Composition Scholarship at
the Royal College of Music, and studied
there until 1898. This work was produced
at Mr. E. Palmer's Patron's Fund Concert
in May, 1904, when its merits were duly
acknowledged in these columns; but we
still think that a careful application of
the pruning-knife would be an advantage.
Mr. Arthur Williams, a 'cellist who plays
with skill and taste, performed the solo
THE ATHENjEUM
N°4090, Makch 17, 1906
pari of Dvorak's Concerto in b minor,
Dp. l(»4. The slow middle movement is
in the oompoaer'a happiest vein, and there
air BOOM ;_'.*«<i things in the Finale ; but
she opening Allegro is not inspired, while
in the 'cello part then- is not very thankful
work for the soloist. The programme
ended with Brahms's Fourth Symphony.
IKusiral (Bossip.
Mischa Elman. the Hussian boy violinist,
Htttr a BUOoeeefu] tour on the Continent,
appeared at the Crystal Palace last Saturday
afternoon. The principal work in the pro-
gramme was Mendelssohn's Concerto, which
araa interpreted by the youthful violinist
with complete technical facility, while his
command of varied expression was, as usual,
remarkable. His resourcefulness and verve
were also exhibited in a marked manner
during his performance of Wieniawski's
fantasia on ' Faust.' At the final concert,
on March 31st, with the London Symphony
Orchestra under the direction of Mr. W.
Hedgcock, and the Crystal Palace choir,
the programme will include works by
three British composers, Messrs. Hamish
MacCunn, Edward German, and Frederick
Cliffe, and ' Suite Algerienne,' by M. Saint-
Saens.
Sir Edward Elgar's continuation
(Part III.) of ' The Apostles' will be pro-
duced at the forthcoming Birmingham
Festival in October. The scheme also
includes a setting of FitzGerald's translation
of the ' Rubaiyat ' of Omar Khayyam ; four
dramatic ballads for chorus and orchestra
by Mr. Josef Holbrooke ; and an orchestral
composition by Mr. Percy Pitt. The pro-
grammes will include ' Elijah,' ' The Messiah.'
and Beethoven's Mass in D.
The Triennial Handel Festival will
be held at the Crystal Palace in June :
the grand rehearsal on the 23rd ; ' The
Messiah ' on the 25th ; a selection from
' Israel in Egypt ' and a miscellaneous
selection on the 28th ; and ' Judas
Maccabu-us ' on the 30th. The solo vocal-
ists engaged are Mesdames Albani and
Clara Butt, the Misses Perceval Allen and
Agnes Nicholls, and Messrs. Ben Davies,
Charles Saunders, Watkin Mills, Kennerley
Rumford, Robert Radford, and Santley.
Dr. Frederic Cowen will be the conductor.
Mi" Muriel Foster was announced, but we
understand that through ill-health she will
not be able to appear.
The spring series of Queen's Hall Sym-
phony Concerts commences this afternoon,
when Herr Buhlig will be heard in Brahms's
Pianoforte Concerto in d minor. Mile.
Etenee Chemet, anew violinist, will appear on
March 31st, and Herr Kreisler on April 24th.
On May 3rd Herr Richard Strauss will con-
duct his ' Don Quixote,' also Salome's dance
from his opera recently produced at Dresden
— the only excerpt, as we remarked in our
notice of the opera, which would bear trans-
plantation to the concert-room. The pro-
gramme of the final concert (May 10th), with
the exception of Schumann's Pianoforte
Concerto, played by Mr. Harold Bauer, will
be devoted to Wagner.
Mu. Qbosob H. ClutSAM's opera 'Die
Narrenkappe ' was produced la.st week at
the Leipzig municipal theatre, and favour-
ably rci ■■ tved. Another opera by a British
composer, Miss Ethel Smyth's ' Les Naufra-
geurs,' is announced for production there in
the autumn.
Next Tuesday the Rev. G. R. Woodward
will read a paper at the Musical Association,
Messrs. Broadwood's, at 5.13 l\M., on
'German Hymnody from the Twelfth to
the Middle of the Seventeenth Century.'
Last Monday Sir August Manns entered
on his 82nd year, while to-day Sefior Manuel
Garcia enters on his 102nd year. New
men, new orchestras, have sprung up, but
the services which Sir August Manns ren-
dered to music for over forty years by the
Crystal Palace Saturday Concerts will ever
be gratefully remembered. We wish him
long continuance of the good health which
enables him still to take an interest in new
works and new conductors. And we offer
hearty congratulations to Sefior Garcia,
who also enjoys good health, and not only
has " that which should accompany old
age," viz., honour, love, and troops of
friends, but was recently seen at a musical
function.
Carl Goldmark is said to have just com-
pleted an opera entitled ' Caliban,' the
libretto, of course, based on Shakspeare's
' Tempest.' — Siegfried Wagner is also said
to have put the last touches to a new opera
entitled ' Sternengebot,' which will be his
fifth work for the stage.
Herr Arthur Nikisch has resigned the
direction of the Leipzig municipal theatre.
He entered upon his duties only a year ago,
but his engagements at Leipzig and Berlin
are numerous, and for the sake of his health
he has wisely withdrawn from one of the
most onerous.
The principal roles in ' Ariane,' the new
opera by M. Massenet, libretto by M. Catulle
Mendes, will be taken by Miles. Breval,
Grandjean, and Arbell and MM. Muratore
and Delmas. This work is to be produced
at the Paris Opera Comique next November.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Six
Mox.
Tews.
Wed.
Turns
Fki.
Sat.
Sunday Society's Concert. 3.30, Queen's Hall.
Sunday Leainio Concert. 7. Queen's Hull.
t— Fhioat. Creatore's Hand. 8. (Queen's Hall.
Matinee*. "Wr.lnemlay ami Friday, 8.
Emil Bauer's Pianofort« Recital, S. Queen's Hall.
Nora Clench Quartet, 8.30. bVchstein Hull.
Subscription Concert. 8,30, .Eolian Hall.
Dr. Thao Liorhammcr's S,,n« Recital, s.ifl, .Eolian Hall.
Miss Ada Thomas and Herr ll.uis Neumann's Sonata, Recital,
8.30, Iiochstein Hall.
Madame Frickrnluius's Concert, 3. Ilechstein Hall.
Miss Elio Wajmcr s Violin Recital .fl.SO. Ilechstein HkIL
Chamber Concert. 4.30. Lefghton House.
Royal Choral Society r The Dream '1,8, Albert Hall.
Miss Hallum and Mr. York liowen's Dramatic and Pianoforte
Recital. 8.18. .Eolian Hall.
Mr. Cyril Scott's Concert. 8.30. Rechstein Hull.
London Trio, 8.30, .Eolian Hall.
Ohappell's ballad Concert. X. Queen's Hall.
Popular Concerts for Children and Young Students, :!. Stein-
way Hall.
Mim Vm'en Clutrtrcs'a Violin Recital. 3.30, Crystal Palace.
DRAMA
MOLIERE AND THE FRENCH
STAGE.
The Life of Moliere. By Henry M.
Trollope. (Constable & Co.)
A History of Theatrical Art. By Karl
Mantzius. Authorized Translation by
Louise von Cossel. — Vol. IV. Moliere
and his Times. (Duckworth & Co.)
Moliere et le Theatre Espagnol. Par E.
Martinenche. (Paris, Hachette & Cie.)
Six years after the death at Stratford-on-
Avon of William Shakspeare, Jean Bap-
tiste Poquelin de Moliere saw the light in
the Rue Saint-Honore in Paris. The
career of each extended over a little more
than half a century, and the period
covered by their joint lives, 1564-1673,
is that of the growth and highest develop-
ment of the drama and the organization
of the stage. So much that is kindred
and all but identical attaches to the
experiences of the two actor-dramatists
that, were not circumstances and condi-
tions prohibitive of such indulgence, the
temptation to use them for purposes of
comparison or contrast would be all but
irresistible. Around both Shakspeare and
Moliere meanwhile has grown a literature
so immense, so varied, and so polyglot
that it is a matter for surprise that
much mystery still attaches to both. What
is most remarkable is that the fog envelop-
ing the ante-Moliere stage is more dense
than that over the pre-Shakspearean. At
first glance things might appear to be
otherwise. While, in connexion with the
English stage, we have few dates until
we come, in Restoration days, upon the
sprightly, if often egregious comments of
Pepys, in regard to that of France we have
a chronicle of a kind extending back
as far as the year 1200. In the ' His-
toire Philosophique et Litteraire du
Theatre Francais ' of Hippolyte Lucas,
vol. iii. pp. 265 et seq., is supplied a list of
some hundreds of pieces, with their years
of production, previous to the appearance
in October, 1658, of Moliere from the
country, with a nominal, but never paid
pension of five hundred franc3 from
Monsieur le Frere du Roi for each member
of a company which the prince allowed to
bear his name. After the period of mysteres,
moralites, farces, soties, &c, most of the
pieces indicated consist of tragedies and
tragi-comedies by writers such as Hardy,
Gamier, Montchrestien, Mellin de Saint-
Gelais, &c, The word " comedie " some-
times appears in senses in which it is no
longer used. From Marguerite de Valois,
Reine de Navarre, we have in 1545 ' La
Comedie de la Nativite de Jesus-Christ *
and ' La Comedie de l'Adoration des trois
Rois a Jesus Christ.' ' Les Esbahis ' of
Jacques Grevin, February 16th, 1560, has
a title that promises true comedy, and
other works of Jodelle and Jean de la
Taille precede the well-known comedies,
collected and accessible, of Larivey ; but
it is not until ' Les Deguises : of Jean
Godard, 1594, drawn from ' I Suppositi *
of Ariosto, that we hear of a comedy im
five acts and in verse. Authorities are,
indeed, not wanting who postpone until
the appearance, in 1629, of 'Melite ; ou, les
Fausses Lettres,' of Pierre Corneille, the
complete development of comedy, and
until that, in 1642, of ' Le Menteur ' of
the same author, its attainment of full
proportions. By just twenty years the
latter piece anticipated the production
(December 26th, 1662) of « L'Ecole des
Femmes,' in which Moliere revealed him-
self in his full dimensions.
Moliere's country experiences at ar>
earlier date exercised no strong influence
on the Parisian stage, and, interesting
though they be, reveal little that is not
to be found in ' Le Romant Comique ' of
Scarron, the adventures in which are,
indeed, held in some quarters to have been
founded on those of the troupe of Moliere.
The history of the various Paris theatres
is, meanwhile, confused and difficult to.
N°4090, March 17, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
339
follow. The influence of the Freres de la
Passion over the Theatre de l'Hotel de
Bourgogne, and thence over the stage in
general, seems to have been in the main
deleterious ; while the best way of evading
the difficulties connected with the Theatre
du Marais appears to be to accept the
suggestion of Victor Fournel, in ' Les
Contemporains de Moliere,' that not only
did many companies hold possession of
the Theatre du Marais when once it was
established, but also many different
edifices bore in turns this appellation.
The unpopularity of the London theatres
seems to have been shared by those of
Paris, and in a '; Remonstrance " of 1588
the king (Henri III.) is told that the
" ordure " at the Hotel de Bourgogne of
the Confreres de la Passion de J. C. is
maintained by his permission. In lan-
guage that Prynne might subsequently
have copied, it is said : —
" Tl n'y a farce qui ne soit orde, sale et
vilaine, an scandale de la jeunesse qui y
assists, la quelle a vale a long trait ce venin et
ce poison, qui se couve en sa poiirine, et en
peu de temps opere les effets quechacunsait.
.... Par ce moyen Dieu est grandement
offense, tant en ladite transgression des
fetes que par les susdits blasphemes, jeux,
el impudicites qui s'y commettent." — Rigal,
' Le Theatre Francais avant la Periode
Classique,' p. 43.
Of the three books before us dealing
with Moliere, his predecessors, contem-
poraries, opponents, and allies, that of
Mr. Trollope is likely to prove the most
important and authoritative, though
scarcely, perhaps, the most popular.
Derived to a great extent from original
documents, some of them only rendered
accessible in recent days, it is a model of
cautious erudition and sound criticism —
of all, indeed, that constitutes an orthodox
biography. With Moliere, as with Shak-
speare, there are points over which — on
ethical grounds or out of respect — it is
convenient to slur. What self-respecting
Shakspearean biographer will hear of
such matters as stealing or shooting the
king's deer, playing pranks upon amorous
and irate associates, fathering the children
of Oxford innkeepers, or other things a
waggish gossip sucli as Aubrey loves to
collect 1 In the case of a Frenchman
there is no need for an overwhelming
amount of discretion. We will only say,
accordingly, that Mr. Trollope is "on the
side of the angels." He disputes — as do
some, though not all recent writers on the
subject — the compromising parentage long
assigned to Armande Bejart, subsequently
wife of Moliere, and sees in her the Mile.
Menou who at the age of ten played in
Lyons the part of Ephyre in Corneille's
Andromede,' and does not rebut the
theory which assigns her tuition at that
tender age to her future husband. He
finds, moreover, no absolute impossibility
in the legend of the suicide contemplated,
under vinous influences, by Boileau, Lulli,
Chapelle. and a couple of other friends of
Moliere while on a visit to the dramatist
at Auteuil. Here, we venture to suggest,
is a species of link with Shakspeare, whose
reported death at Stratford as the result
of a carouse with Ben Jonson and Drayton I
is received by his biographers with pious
incredulity.
In the opening chapter, on French
comedy before Moliere, Mr. Trollope
sums up what has been said by the best
authorities, and asserts that before the
' Eugene ; ou, le Rencontre,' of Jodelle
(1552) the word " comedy " was seldom
used in France. It is, indeed, only to be
found in connexion with the pious and
edifying works of Marguerite, Reine de
Navarre, to which we have previously
referred, and these, though called
" comedies," are also called " pieces
dramatiques dans le genre des mysteres."
Though not so named, however, the anony-
mous farce of ' Pathelin,' which is at least
a quarter of a century earlier, may almost
be regarded as the first French comedy.
The progress of comedy from Pierre
Larivey to Pierre Corneille is well sketched.
The life of Moliere is told at consider-
able length, occupying, independently of
the introductory portion, over five
hundred pages. A large proportion of
this space is taken up with the analysis
and criticism of the plays. A good
account is given of the wandering of
the troupe of Moliere, though it is only
after the establishment of the Illustre
Theatre that the literary claims of the
work become assertive. In connexion
with the liaison between Moliere and Mile,
de Brie our author is most apologetic ;
the relations of the dramatist with Mile,
de Moliere are treated with a fair amount
of breadth ; the domestic conditions
attendant upon or antecedent to the pro-
duction of ' Le Misanthrope ' are shown,
but the fact that the play, though one of
the finest of comedies, is also a tragedy,
has to be gathered or inferred. Other
matters are capably discussed or well pre-
sented, and the work is the best contri-
bution that has been made by an English-
man to a knowledge of the French stage
or the period discussed. Two of the four
portraits of Moliere by his friend Mignard
are supplied. One from the Conde Museum,
which serves as frontispiece, is known as
the Chantilly portrait ; the second shows
the dramatist at the period of the produc-
tion of ' Le Misanthrope.'
Karl Mantzius's volume, which puts in
no claim to be regarded as a biography,
properly so called, of Moliere. constitutes
the fourth volume of his - History of
Theatrical Art,' and is to be read with
special regard to the second section of
that ingenious and important work. It
is well and abundantly illustrated, written
with spirit and vivacity, and serves better
than almost any existing work to convey
to the general reader an idea of the French
stage during the most brilliant, and to a
certain extent the most obscure, portion of
its annals. At the close of the sixteenth
century Paris, as Mantzius asserts, possessed
but one poor playhouse, with a class of
actors hardly superior to jugglers, when
London had six permanent theatres and
a dramatic literature which in power and
splendour has never been equalled ; while
Italy was overrunning civilized Europe
with well-trained companies, and while,
it might be added, Spain was filling the
world with romantic fable. To the op-
pressive influence of what are called the
" Passion- Brothers " is attributed the
degraded condition of theatrical art. It
was long before French comedians could
stand comparison with the Italian com-
panies brought over by the influence of
the queens of Medicean race. The history
of the French stage merges in that of the
Italian companies and the Theatre de la
Foire. It seems probable that, pit res
though they were, Gros Guillaume. Gaultier
Garguille, Deslauriers, otherwise Bruscam-
bille. and the rest who joined the company
of the Hotel de Bourgogne. developed
into genuine actors. Their influence and
that of the actors of the Commedia dell'
Arte is traceable in Moliere. So late as
the time of Henri Quatre, however, the
French actors were " a flock of impecunious
jugglers, who lived by their wits," while
" their women lived in the greatest licen-
tiousness," and " were common property,
even among the members of the company
to which they did not belong." This is
probable enough, though the pictures of
life of the sort depend greatly upon Talle-
mant des Reaux, a chronicler more
vivacious than trustworthy. Of the strug-
gles against this state of affairs, of the
influence of Richelieu, and of the estab-
lishment of the Illustre Theatre an account,
at once popular and adequate, is supplied,
accompanied with illustrations hardly the
less valuable for being accessible in pub-
lications known to the student. Into the
question as to the relationship between
Moliere's wife and his supposed mistress
no serious inquiry is made, though
Mantzius, in common with M. Moland and
M. Larroumet, regards the relation of
Madeleine to Armande as sororal rather
than maternal. In most matters con-
nected with Moliere the work is judicious
and trustworthy ; while as regards the
conditions of the stage during its emer-
gence from Cimmerian darkness into twi-
light, and ultimately into light, it is the
best, most instructive, and most helpful
within reach of the English reader.
On the influence at the outset of the
Italian stage upon the French a library
exists. The two are, indeed, to use a
phrase of Sir Philip Sidney. " inter-
changeably reflected." That exercised
upon the French stage by the Spanish is
less strong and direct, but everywhere
perceptible. M. Martinenche. a disciple
of M. Brunetiere, in a previous volume,
' La Comedia [sic] Espagnole en France
de Hardy a Racine,' dealt with Spanish
influence upon French tragedy. He now
shows that upon classic comedy. That
Moliere knew Spanish, and that he
wrote it, is conceivable. Indebtedness
to Spanish sources is more easily dis-
covered in Thomas Corneille and Scarron,
especially in the use of the fiffurones.
In ascribing to Spanish influences the
recovery of children who have been carried
off by pirates it would be safer to seek the
source in Greek comedy as interpreted
through the Latin. So early as in ' Le
Depit Amoureux ' M. Martinenche BUSpet hi
obligation to ' El l'erro del Hortelano ' of
Lope de Vega. The subject of prtciosiM
340
TUP] ATHENJEUM
N°4000, Mahch 17, 1906
in Moliere and others springs probaMj
from GrOngorism in Spain, which coirr-
Bponded to BfArinism in Italy to some
extent and to Euphuism in England. I he
subject is too wide to be opened at the
end of an article, and M. ftartmencne a
interesting book must simply be com-
mended a. containing, in addition to the
oonjeetnre inseparable from work on the
origins of the drama, much solid informa-
tion and valuable suggestion.
Dramatic (Dossip.
' The School fob Husbands,' produced
on Saturday last by Miss Jessie Millward
at the Scala Theatre, is the work ot Mr.
Stanislaus Stange, and readies England
with something of a reputation from America.
The promise held out by a title which is a
translation of that of one of the best-known
pieces of Moliere is not fulfilled, and the
whole, though aiming at the grand manner
in comedy, developes into farce. Miss
Millward * enacts the heroine, Lady
Manners, whose experiments with a rakish
and an extravagant husband subject her
to some unjust and injurious suspicions.
Mr. Frank Cooper plays the husband in
question. Much laughter is inspired in the
public, but the artistic claims of the work
are insignificant.
An experiment in gloom was made at the
Savoy by Miss Gertrude Kingston by the
production at an afternoon representation of
two one-act tragedies. ' Paris and CEnone,'
by Mr. Laurence Binyon, is a dull and
dramatically uninspired story, written in
careful verse, but hardly justifying its
departure from classic treatment. ' The
Friend in the Garden,' by Mr. E. F.
Benson, is alike mournful and undramatic,
and failed to impress greatly, though Miss
Ethel Wynne Matthison was seen to advan-
tage as the " friend," who is Death. Mr.
George Bernard Shaw's ' How He Lied to
her Husband ' was revived, with Mr. Gran-
ville Barker as the lover and Miss Kingston
as the wife.
The New Stage Club announce that a
translation of ' La Revolte,' a play produced
in 1870 by Villiers de l'Tsle Adam, an early
and important figure among the French
Symbolists, and 'The Fool of the World,' a
morality play by Mr. Arthur Symons, will be
performed on Thursday, April 5th, and the
afternoon of Saturday, April 7th, at the
Bijou Theatre, Victoria Hall, which is in
Archer Street, Westbourne Grove. Mr.
Symons's play, as yet unpublished, is his
first Sfrious bid for dramatic honours.
It will probably be about Easter that
Mian Lena Ash well will open the Savoy
Theatre with a new comedy by Miss Clotilde
Graves, entitled ' The Bond of Ninon.'
The heroine of this, the famous Ninon de
l'Enclos, will be played by Miss Ashwell,
other characters in the piece (the action of
which passes in 1662) including Louis XIV.
On the afternoon of the 24th prox. ' Pru-
nella ; or, Love in a Dutch Garden,' by
Messrs. Laurence Housman and Granville
Barker, will be revived at the Court Theatre,
with Mr. Graham Browne as Pierrot, and
Miss Dorothy Minto as Prunella.
In the production at the Lyric on the
31st inst. of the adaptation of 'Jeuness»>,'
Mr. H. B. Irving as Koper Dautran will be
supported by Miss Marion Terry as Madame
Dautran, and by IUm Dorothea Baird as
Biaorioette.
Tin: return to the stage of Mr. George
Grossmith is announced.
1'kok. Gilbert Murray's rendering of
the " Lleetra ' of Sophocles took its place on
Monday for a couple of weeks in the n-gidar
bill at the Court Theatre. Mr. Henry
Ainley now plays Orestes, the piece finding
in other respects the same interpreters as
before.
Schiller's 'Maria Stuart ' was given at
the Great Queen Street Theatre on Friday
and Saturday during last week. This piece,
which has more than once been seen in
London, was first produced at Weimar in
1800 by Schiller and Goethe.
Errata.— P. 205, col. -2, line 12 from bottom, for 1574 read
1594 ; line 0 from bottom, for "quarto" read/ofi'o.
TO CORRESPONDENTS.— T. IL— W. M. — W. F. S.— J. H. R.
— M. S.— A. H.— Received.
J. R. (.Madrid). — Regret impossible.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
We cannot undertake to reply to inquiries concerning the
appearance of reviews of books.
T
HE A T H E N JE U M.
SCALE OK CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS.
£ K. (/.
5 Lines of Pearl 0 3 6
78 (Half-Column! 1 16 0
A Column 3 3 0
A Page 990
Auctions ami Public Institutions, Five Lines 4*., and M. i>er line of
Pearl type beyond.
IX THE MEASUREMENT OF ADVERTISEMENTS. CAKE
SHOULD HE TAKEN To MEASURE FROM
KILE TO KULE.
Advertisements across Two Columns, one-third extra lieyond the
space occupied, the first charge being 30*.
JOHN C. FRANCIS.
The Athenaeum Office, Bream s Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, E.C.
T
HE A T H E N JE U M,
PRICE THREEPENCE.
Is published every FRIDAY in time for the Afternoon Mails. Term?
of Subscription, free by i>o>t tottll p:irti- ot the United Kingdom : For
Six Months, 7*. 8ti. ; for Twelve Months, IS* ~t. Fur the Continent
and all places within the Postal Union : For Six Months, fta. : for
Twelve Months. 18e., commencing from any date, bnjahle in advance U
JOHN C. FRANCIS.
Athenaeum Office. Bream's Buildings. Chancery Line, london. EC.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Paoe
Authors' Agents 314
Baoster & Sons 343
Bell & Sons 340
Catalogues 314
Dent* Co. 315
Duckworth & Co 341
Educationai 313
Exhibitions 313
Hukst & Blackett 318
Insurance Companies 343
Longmans & Co 31C
Sampson Low, Marston & Co 313
Macmii.lan & Co 310,318
Magazinks, Ac 316
Mktiiukn & Co 317
MlS( T.U ANKOUS 31S
Mi oik's Library 314
Newspaper Agknts 314
Notes and Qikkiks MS
Nurr oio
Provident Institutions BU
Sales by auction si4
Situations Vacant 313
Situations Wantf.d SB
Smith, Elder & Co. 344
Societies w
TYPE-WRITERS W
IWWIN 318
MESSRS. BELL'S
BOOKS FOR COLLECTORS.
M/XIA Tl'HE II USTRATED CA TA IJx.UE.
poxi fret on application.
Small eolombier 8vo, 2S$. n<t.
SAMUEL COUSINS.
By A. WHITMAN, Author of 'The Print
Collector's [iaii<l!xM>k,' ' S. W. Reynolds,' 4c.
With 32 Collotype Plates End a l'liotogravure-
Kk mt ispiece.
"Win be appreciated •>> .til lover* of mezzotint
engraving." — Murnimj Pott,
Uniform with the alxjve, 25c net.
S. W. REYNOLDS.
By A. WHITMAN. With 2 Photogravure
Plates and 27 Collotype Reproductions.
This Volume contains a Complete list of the Work*
of S. W. Reynold! ami his Son.
Imperial 8vo, 21*. net.
PEWTER PLATE.
A Historical and Descriptive Handbook. By
H. J. L. J. MASSE, M.A. With 10O
Illustrations.
"To the collector and the connoisseur this book will be-
of the highest value, and will take its place U a standard."
Daily TeUgraj'h.
Royal 8vo, los. net.
THE PRINT COLLECTOR'S
HANDBOOK.
By ALFRED WHITMAN, of the Department
of Prints and Drawings, British Museum.
Third Edition, Revised. With 80 Illustrations.
" That the volume supplies a need of the moment there-
can be no doubt whatever, and if asked, as one often is, to-
recommend books on the subject, we should certainly
name this first. " — ConnotMMM*.
Post 8vo, with numerous Full-Page Plates and
other Illustrations, 6*. net.
HOW TO COLLECT BOOKS.
By J. HERBERT SLATER, Editor of 'Book-
Prices Current,' Author of ' The Romance of
Book-Collecting,' Ac.
" Probably no sounder guide could be found to the-
changes of ta.ste and fashion in book-collecting."
Manchester Guardian.
THIRD EDITION, post 8vo, 6*. net.
HOW TO COLLECT
OLD FURNITURE.
By FREDERICK LITCHFIELD, Author of
' Illustrated History of Furniture,' &c. With
40 Plates and numerous other Illustrations.
" Histories of furniture exist in abundance, but we know
of no book which will be of such use to the ordinary
collector. Mr. Litchfield has had a long experience of the
ways of dealer*, and lie gives his readers the full benefit of
it." — Daily Chronicle
SECOND EDITION, post 8vo, 6o. net,
HOW TO IDENTIFY
PORTRAIT MINIATURES.
By CEORGE C. WILLIAMSON, Litt.D.
With Chapters on the Painting of Miniatures
by ALYN WILLIAMS. K.K.A. With 40<
Plates, illustrating upwards of ~0 Miniatures.
" For Loth collectors and painter* of miniatures Dr. G. C.
Williamson's book will prove of real practical utility.''
Yorkshire Post.
SEVENTH THOUSAND, post 8vo, St. net.
HOW TO IDENTIFY OLD CHINA.
A Handbook for Collectors of English Pottery
and Porcelain. By Mrs. WILLOUCHBY
HODGSON. With' 40 Plates and numerous.
Reproductions of Marks.
"The description of each kind of ware is lucid; the-
examples chosen for illustration are admirably typical. We
have bested the value of the hook in the only practical
manner, and have found it exceedingly useful."
Morning Poet.
FOURTH EDITION, post 8vo, 5s. net,
HOW TO LOOK AT PICTURES.
By ROBERT CLERMONT WITT, M.A.
With 35 Illustrations.
"This hook, which we have read with great pleasure,
shows that the author ha.s hoth wide sympathy and
knowledge, and it cannot but be largely helpful to those
who wish to increase their interest ill pictures. A l>etter
gift for people who are dimly 'fond of pictures," hut who
regret tha< they 'know nothing about them,' could not be •
foBttd." Speelator,
London : GEORGE BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Linooln's Inn, W.C.
N°4090, March 17, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
341
DUCKWORTH & CO.'S NEW BOOKS.
NEW BOOK BY H. BELLOC, M.P.
ESTO PEEPETUA.
ESTO PEEPETUA.
ESTO PEEPETUA.
ESTO PEEPETUA.
READY NEXT WEEK.
MARCU 22,
ALGERIAN STUDIES AND IMPRESSIONS.
BY THE AUTHOR OF < THE PATH TO ROME/
Illustrated from Pencil Drawings by
the Author.
With Coloured Frontispiece.
Crown 8vo, 5s. net.
THE DAWN IN BRITAIN.
By CHARLES M. DOUGHTY, Author of ' Travels in Arabia Deserta.'
2 vols, crown 8vo, 3s. 6(7. net each.
" Much interest and expectation have been romped by the announcement of 'The Dawn in Britain,' by Charles M. Doughty, author of ' Travels in Arabia Deserta,' perhaps the-
most eloquent and characteristic book written in English prose for at least a generation." — British Weekly.
NEW HANDBOOK TO ROME. JUST OUT.
THE MUSEUMS AND RUINS OF ROME.
Vol. I. By WALTER AMELUNG. 170 Illustrations.
Vol. II. By H. HOLTZINGER. Map, Plans, and 100 Illustrations.
Edited by Mrs. ARTHUR STRONG. 10a. net.
A comprehensive view of the buildings and art collections. Dr. Amelung, putting together correlated works, replicas, copies, and fragments, brings the original conceptions before-
the reader ; and Dr. Holtzinger is concerned rather with architectural art than with topographical science.
Review by Mr. Herbert Pail in the TRIBUTE.— " As good a book of its kind as could well be imagined Erudite without being pedantic. Easy to hold and attractive to-
the eye. Illustrated with excellent photographs. One pnts them down with mingled feelings of admiration for what they have achieved and wonder at the riches they cannot exhaust.""
NEW YOLUME IN "THE RED SERIES."
THE SCOTTISH SCHOOL OF PAINTING.
By W. D. McKAV, R.S.A. With 50 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6rf. net.
Prospectus of the Library of Art will be sent to any address.
NEW YOLUME IN THE POPULAR LIBRARY OF ART.
ENGLISH WATER-COLOUR PAINTERS.
By A. J. FIN'BERG. 50 Illustrations. Cloth, •>■*. net ; leather, is. dd. net.
Based on examples easily accessible, this volume forma a handy and popular guide to the water colours in the great public collections.
POEMS BY T. STURGE MOORE.
Now Collected in One Volume. Bound in linen, square crown Svo, 6*. net.
The Volume contains :— THE CENTAUR'S BOOTY— THE ROUT OE THE AMAZONS— THE GAZELLES, and other Poems— PANS PROPHECV— TO LKDA, and other
Odes— THESEUS— MEDEA and LYRICS.
"CONTINENTAL HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS."
RAMBLES IN NORMANDY.
By FRANCIS MILTOUN, Author of 'Cathedrals of Northern France.' With very many Illustrations from Drawings and sketches by BLANCHE McMANUs. 9 Maps.
Square crown Svo, Be. net.
RAMBLES IN BRITTANY.
By FRANCIS MILTOUN. Illustrated by BLANCHE McMANUS. Uniform with « Normandy.' 6f.net.
THE LATEST NOVELS.
" THE SUCCESS OF MR. TEMPLE THURSTON'S NOVEL IS ASSURED."
TRAFFIC. The Story of a Faithful Woman.
By E. TEMPLE THURSTON, Author of 'The Apple of Eden.' Withan Etched Frontispiece. Crown Svo, 6.-'.
"It is one of the molt vivid stories written during the List decade. Mr. Thurston need not fear comparison with his wife's well-known achievements."- Tall Mall Gazette.
" And the central figure, this wistful and spiritually pure and delicate nature— we must admit that Mr. Thurston has sounded the depths of her woman's soul, and tint she i* most
typical in her refinement of the finest type of her countrywomen." — Daily Seir*.
THE AMBUSH OF YOUNG DAYS.
By ROSAMOND LANGBRIiHJE. Crown 3vo, 0*.
" Quite out of the ordinary run."— Academy. " Profoundly moving. Tragi-comedy of a high order."— Morning Leader.
" Brilliantly done. Convincing and entertaining. Miss Langhridge Ins written a very interesting book, and the root of the matter is in her."— Manchester Guardian.
LADS OF THE FANCY.
By GBOBGE RARTRAM. Crown 8vo, 6*.
" A sturdy, full-blooded style. The spirit of health and adventure breathes into the story B virile charm. Suggests the fresh air, the smell of earth, and the open road."— Trfbvn*, ,
DUCKWORTH & CO. 3, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
342
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4090, March 17, 1906
} )t
" Learned, Chatty, Useful." — Athenceum.
" That delightful repository of forgotten lore, ' Notes and Queries.
Edinburgh Review, October, 1880.
Every Saturday, of any Bookseller or Newsagent in England, price 4d. ; or free by post to the Continent, \\d.
NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTERCOMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN AND GENERAL READERS.
• •
Subscription, 10*. 3d. for Six Months ; 20*. 6d. for Twelve Months, including postage.
The NINTH SERIES of NOTES AND QUERIES, complete in 12 vols.
(JANUARY, 1898, to DECEMBER, 1903), price 10s. 6d. each Volume,
contains, in addition to a great variety of similar Notes and Replies,
Articles of Interest on the following Subjects.
THIRD SELECTION.
BIBLIOGRAPHY and LITERARY HISTORY. -.-,_
Translations of Galen— Books on Gaming— John Gilpin s Route
to Edmonton— Mrs. Glasse— ' Globe ' Centenary— Goethe-
Oliver Goldsmith— Thomas Gray— Greene's « Frier Bacon and
Frier Bongay '—Grub Street— A. H. Hallam's Publications-
Harvey, Marston, Jonson, and Nashe— Hawker of Morwen-
Btow— Heber's « Racing Calendar '—George Herbert's Proverbs
— Herrick— Heuskarian Rarity in the Bodleian— « Historical
English Dictionary ' — Hood's \ Comic Annual.'
BIOGRAPHY.
" The Starry Galileo " — Letters of German Notabilities — W . E.
Gladstone — Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey — Duchess of Gordon-
Duke of Grafton and Lord Thurlow— Thomas Guy's Will— Nell
Gwyn Serjeant Hawkins — Sir John Hawkwood — Sir Richard
Hotham— Victor Hugo.
ECCLESIASTICAL MATTERS. ,
Genesis i. 1 — Nameless Gravestones — Greek Church Vestments
Hagioscope or Oriel — Heretics Burnt — Hexham Priory and
the Augustales — Holy Communion, Substitutes for Bread —
Honest Epitaphs— Huxley on the Bible—' Hymns Ancient and
Modern.'
FINE ARTS. -
Gainsborough's lost * Duchess ' — Grinling Gibbons s Statue of
James II. — Sir John Gilbert's Drawings in the ' London
Journal ' — Miss Gunning's Portraits — Haydon's Historical
Pictures — Pictures by Sir G. Hayter — Hogarth— Holbein
Portraits — Hoppner Portraits.
PHILOLOGY and GRAMMAR.
Caimacam or Kaimakam — Camelry — Cecil, its Pronunciation
Celtic Words in Anglo-Saxon Districts — Chaperon applied to
Males — Chic recognized by the French Academy — Chi-ike —
" Chink " of Woods — Comically — Corn-bote — Creak as a Verb
Crowdy-mutton — Deadfold — Dewsiers — " Different than " —
Dive, Peculiar Meaning — Dude — Electrocute — English Accentu-
ation— Ey in Place-names — Fashion in Language — Fearagur-
thok, Irish Word — Felibre — Filbert — Flapper, Anglo-Indian
Slang— Irish "Flittings" — Floyd v. Lloyd— Folk or Folks —
Foulrice — Frail — Gallant, its Varying Accent — Gallimaufry —
Gambaleery — Gaol and Goal — Garage — Gavel and Shieling —
Ghetto — Ghost-words — " Good afternoon " — Doubtful Grammar
in A.V. and Prayer Book — Greek Pronunciation— Gutter-
snipe— Gwyneth — Halsh — Hattock — Help with an Infinitive —
Helpmate and Helpmeet — Henbane — Heron — High-faluting —
Hooligan — Hor>ef ul and Sanguine — Huish — Hullabaloo —
Hurtling.
PROVERBS AND QUOTATIONS.
" Cambuscan bold " — " Carnage is God's daughter" — " Chalk on
the door " — " Lug the coif " — " Comparisons are odious " —
" Crow to pluck" — "Crying down credit" — "Cutting his stick"
— "Who sups with the devil" — "Down to the ground" — "Dutch
courage" — "Embarras des richesses" — "English take their
pleasures sadly" — "Enjoy bad health" — "Fall below par " —
" Farewell, vain world " — " Fegges after peace " — " Fert. Fert,
Fert," on Italian Coins — " First catch your hare " — " Flea in
the ear " — " Forgive, blest shade " — French Sermon in Proverbs
— Familiar French Quotations — " God works wonders now and
then " — " Gone to Jericho " — " Green grief to the Grahams " —
"Grass widow" — Gratitude Defined — "Green-eyed monster"
— " Heart of grace"— " Hook it"—" Hop the twig "— " Horse-
marine."
SONGS, BALLADS, and NURSERY RIMES.
" Ask nothing more of me, sweet " — ' Bailiff's Daughter of
Islington ' — ' Beggar's Petition ' — ' Canadian Boat Song ' —
* Charlie is my Darling ' — ' Cherry Ripe ' — ' Coniin' thro' the
Rye' — ' Dulce Domum ' — " Gentle shepherd, tell me where " —
"God bless the King !— I mean the Faith's defender" — "I
dwelt in a city enchanted " — " I '11 hang my harp on a willow
tree " — " In the days when we went gipsying."
MISCELLANEOUS.
Acacia in Freemasonry — Adelaide Waistcoat — Adulation Extra-
ordinary— Old Advertisements — ^Eolian Harp, its Construction
— Albino Animals Sacrificed — Ale, Bottled, Burton, and
" Lanted " — Anagrams on Various Subjects — Apostle Spoons —
Athens, the City of the Violet Crown — Autographs, how
to keep them — Bagman, for Commercial Traveller — Bank
of England and Heberfield — First Lady Barrister — Birch-sap
Wine — Ancient Boats Discovered — Bows and Arrows last used
in War — Bread by Troy Weight — C.I.V. Nicknames — Originator
of Christmas Cards — Beginning and End of Centuries — Clerks
in Chancery — Chess Legend — Chimneys in Ancient Houses —
Introduction of Chocolate — Twenty-four-hour Clocks — Con-
vivial Clubs — Local Names for the Cowslip — Earliest Cricket
Match — Death from Fright — Dutch Fleet captured by Cavalry
— Standing Egg — Brewers' "Entire" — Earliest Envelopes —
Epigrams and Epitaphs — Farthings Rejected — Feeding-Bottles
First Used — Five o'Clock Tea— Flats in London — Flaying Alive
— Franciscans v. Freemasons— Earliest Funeral Cards — Gas
and Locomotive — Gates on Commons — Genius and Large
Families — Gentleman Porter — Germination of Seeds — Slang
for Gin — Gipsy Wedding and Funeral — Golf and Pall-mall —
Goths and Huns — Guillotine — Gun Reports — Hair Powder last
Used — Hansom Cab, its Inventor — First Silk Hat in London.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, E C.
N°4090, Makch 17, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
343
TENTH EDITION, price Two Shillings.
CELESTIAL MOTIONS:
A Handy Book of Astronomy.
Tenth Edition. With 3 Plates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.,
Associate of King's College, London ; Lay Reader in the Diocese of Southwark,
Author of ' Remarkable Comets,' ' Remarkable Eclipses,' • Astronomy for the Young,' &c.
" Well known as one of our best introductions to astronomy." — Guardian.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
EIGHTH EDITION, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
REMARKABLE ECLIPSES:
A Sketch of the most interesting Circumstances connected with the
Observation of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, both in Ancient and Modern Times.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
THIRTEENTH EDITION, JUST OUT, price Sixpence, cloth.
REMARKABLE COMETS:
A Brief Survey of the most interesting Facts in the History of Cometary
Astronomy.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
FOURTH EDITION, Revised to 1905, NOW READY, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
ASTRONOMY FOR THE YOUNG.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
SECOND EDITION NOW READY, price One Shilling.
BIBLE CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Recorded in the Holy Scriptures, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates, with a Description of the Places named,
and a Supplement on English Versions.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
SECOND EDITION, fcap. 8vo, price Fourpence.
NEW TESTAMENT CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Recorded in the New Testament, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
NEXT WEEK'S ATHENiEUM will contain
Articles on THE SHAPE OF ELECTRONS
AND THE MAXWELLIAN THEORY, by
PROF. A. H BUOHERER; and THE VIC-
TORIA COUNTY HISTORIES OF SUSSEX
AND DURHAM.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
GENERAL INDEXES.
TEE FOLLOWING ARE STILL IX
STOCK:—
GENERAL INDEX,
FOURTH SERIES
GENERAL INDEX,
SIXTH SERIES
GENERAL INDEX,
SEVENTH SERIES
GENERAL INDEX,
EIGHTH SERIES
£ s. d.
3 3 0
0 6 ft
0 6 0
0 6 0
For Copies by post an additional Three-
pence is charged,
JOHN C. FRANCIS & J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
Notes and Queries Office, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
For Acidity of the Stomach.
For Heartburn and Headaohe.
For Gout and Indigestion.
"QINNEFORD'S
j{AGNESU
For Sour Eructations and Bilious Affections,
A Safe and nio.it effective Aperient for
regular use.
Insurant ©ompanws.
Y A T I 0 N A L PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION
FOR
MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE.
Estab. 1835.
ASSURANCE AND INVESTMENT.
Write for Leaflet on
NET COST OF ENDOWMENT ASSURANCES,
4S, GRACECHl'KCH STREBT, LONDON, E.C.
ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS, SICKNESS,
EMPLOYERS" LIABILITY, BURGLARY, AND
FIDELITY GUARANTEE RlSK->
INSURED AGAINST Bl T1IK
■RAILWAY PASSENGERS* ASSURANCE CO,
Caplt.il (fully subscribed1 £1 Hon iw> ( liim« paid 00 BOO 000
64. fOK.MIILL LONDON.
A. VIAN. BOONOOIV
344
THE ATHEN^UM
N°4090, March 17, 1906
SMITH, ELDER & CO.'S ANNOUNCEMENTS.
JUST PUBLISHED, with a Photogravure Frontispiece, Facsimile, and 9 Half-Tone Illustrations, large post 8vo, 7s. 6(1. net.
A WOMAN OF WIT AND WISDOM:
Mrs. Elizabeth Carter, one of the " Bas Bleu " Society (1717-1806).
By ALICE C. C. (JAUSSEN, Author of 'A Later Pejus.'
On MARCH 20, with 3 Photogravure Portraits, crown 8vo, 58. net.
JROBERT BROWNING AND ALFRED DOMETT.
Edited by FREDERIC G. KENYOX, D.Litt. F.B.A.
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING
IN HER LETTERS.
By PERCY LUBBOCK.
With a Photogravure Portrait of Mrs. Browning from a Chalk Drawing by
Mrs. BRIDELL FOX.
Crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. net.
[0)i March X.
WITH MOUNTED INFANTRY IN TIBET.
By Major W. J. OTTLEY.
With 4S pages of Illustrations, including Portraits of General Macdonald
and Col. Younghushand.
Small demy svo, 10s. 6d. net.
[On March M.
THE SMALL GARDEN BEAUTIFUL AND HOW
TO MAKE IT SO. By A. C. CURTIS, Author of 'A New Trafalgar,' Ac With a
Coloured Frontispiece, 16 Half-Tone Illustrations, and several Plans. Small demy
Svo, 7s. 6d. [Early in April.
WESLEY AND HIS CENTURY: a Study in Spiritual
Forces. By W. H. FITCH ETT, B.A. LL.D. With a Photogravure Frontispiece from
the Portrait of John Wesley by George Roinney, and i Facsimiles. Small demy Svo,
6s. net. [Shortly.
THE BALKAN TRAIL. By Frederick Moore. With
a Map and 48 pages of Illustrations. Small demy Svo, 10s. 6d. net.
[In preparation.
THE FOURTH PARTY. By Harold E. Gorst. With
a Preface by Sir JOHN GORST. With a Reproduction of the Cartoon of 'The
Fourth Party' from Vanity Fair as Frontispiece, and a Facsimile Letter from the
Lite Lord Salisbury to Sir Henry Drununond Wolff. Large post 8vo, 7s. 6d. net.
SPHERE.—" Mr. Gorst has told with great effect the story of that episode in English
political life which is so exciting to all of us who are old enough to remember it."
MEMOIR OF SIR HENRY KEPPEL, G.C.B.,
Admiral of the Fleet. By the Right Hon. Sir ALGERNON WEST, G.C.B. With
Portraits ami Illustrations. Large post Svo, 7s. 6d. net.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
BROAD ARROW. — "There is a breeziness and cheeriness pervading the work, which,
•while it does credit to the biographer, brings the reader into contact with the really
■ charming character of Keppel."
THE ROLL-CALL OF WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
By E. T. BRADLEY (Mrs. A. Murray Smith), Author of ' Annals of Westminster
Abbey.' With 25 Fall-Page Illustrations and 5 Plans. Urge crown Svo, 6s.
FOURTH EDITION NOW READY.
TRUTH.— "Incomparably the best of its kind that has yet appeared."
Large post Svo, 7s. 6d. net.
THE UPTON LETTERS. By T. B.
SIXTH IMPRESSION.
DAILY XE\\'S.—"li any one supposes that the art of letter-writing is dead, this
volume will prove the contrary."
SEVENTY YEARS' FISHING.
By CHARLES GEORGE BARRWGTON, C.B.,
Formerly Assistant Secretary to the Treasury.
With a Photogravure Frontispiece, small demy 8vo, 10s. 6d. net. [On Martk o
THE VICTORIAN CHANCELLORS.
Vol. I. By J. B. ATLAY, Barristei -at-Law ,
Author of ' Lord Cochrane's Trial before Lord Ellenborough,' ' Sir Henrv Wentworth
Acland, Bart., K.C.B. F.R.S. : a Memoir," Ac.
With 7 Portrait Illustrations, demy 8vo, 14s. net. [On March 26.
V* The work will be completed in a Second Yolunie.
AUGUSTUS AUSTEN LEIGH, Provost of King's
College, Cambridge : a Record of College Reform. By WILLIAM AUSTEN LEIGH,
Fellow of King's. With Portraits. Small demy Svo, 8s. 6d. net. [In preparation.
A SUMMER RIDE THROUGH WESTERN TIBET-
By Miss J. E. DUNCAN. With numerous Illustrations and a Map. Demy 8vo,
12s. 6d. net. [In the press.
A VISION OF INDIA. By Sidney Low. With numer-
ous Hlustrations. Small demy gvo, 10s. 6d. net. [In the press.
FROM A COLLEGE WINDOW. By Arthur Christopher
BENSON, Fellow of Magdalen e College, Cambridge. Large post 8vo, 7s. 6d. net.
I.. Ma:i.
DICK : a Story without a Plot. By G. F. Bradby, Author
of 'Joshua Newings ; or, the Love Bacillus' and 'The Marquis's Bye.' Crown 8vo,
3s. 6d.
TR1BUXE.— " Mr. Bradby affords us an unusual number of opportunities of that
laughter which is not too much akin to tears."
THE WATERLOO LIBRARY.
CROWN 8vo, 3s. 6d. EACH VOLUME.
PALL MALL GAZETTE.—'1 The best 3s. 6d. series in the market."
This Series comprises some of the best works of Modern Author*. The
volume* are well printed, and issued in a mat doth binding of special design,
NEW VOLUMES IN PREPARATION.
THE BRASS BOTTLE. By F. Anstey. With a Frontis-
piece. [On March X.
THE LOG OF A SEA-WAIF. By Frank T. Bullen,
F.R.G.S. With S Full-Page Illustrations by ARTHUR TWIDLE. [On April .'.
THE GAMEKEEPER AT HOME. By Richard Jefferies.
With numerous Illustrations.
NEW
BROWNJOHNS.
AND
By Mrs. PERCY DEARMKR,
Author of 'The Orangery : a Comedy of Tears.' 'The
Difficult Way,' &c.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
DAILY EXPRESS.—" The story attains veal distinction
from its charming picture of two adorable boys. ...Mrs.
Seamier may be very warmly congratulated."
ALSO A THIRD IMPRESSION OF MRS. DEARMER'S
NOVEL,
THE DIFFICULT WAY.
SPECTATOR.— "A work of exalted aim and great
artistic excellence."
IF YOUTH BUT KNEW. By Agnes
and EGERTON CASTLE, Authors of "Hie Secret
Orchard,' 'The Star Dreamer,' 'Rose of the World,'
' French Nan,' &c With 20 Illustrations by Mr.
LANCELOT SPEED. [On April t.
FORTHCOMING SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
THE POISON OF TONGUES. MR. BAXTER, SPORTSMAN.
By M. E. CARR,
Author of ' Love and Honour' and 'George Goring's
Daughters.'
TRUTH'S advice:— "Do you want to know of a really
good and interesting novel '! Get 'The Poison of Tongues '
by M. E. Carr. It is enthralling."
PALL MALL GAZETTE. — " An admirable series of
studies in character and social life A capital piece of
work."
SALTED ALMONDS. By F. Anstey,
Author of 'Vice Versa,' 'A Fallen Idol,' 'The Brass
Bottle,' &c [Early in April.
. A collection of stories and sketches full of fantastic
humour, chiefly from the columns of Punch.
CLEMENCY SHAFT0. By Frances
C. Bl'RMESTER, Author of 'John Lett's Alice,' 'A
November Cry,' & ■■-. [In the pr
By CHARLES FIELDING MARSH,
Author of ' God's Scholars.' [On March J J.
OLD MR. LOVELACE : a Sketch in
Four Parts. By CHRISTIAN TEARLE, Author of
'The Vice-Chancellor's Ward,' ive. On March JO.
AMELIA AND THE DOCTOR. By
HORACE G. HUTCHINSON, Author of 'Two Moods
of a Man,' ' Crowborough Beacon,' <Jtc. [In tlie press.
HEROES OF EXILE : being Certain
Rescued Fragments of Submerged Romance. By HUG B
CLIFFORD, c.M.G.. Author of 'Studies in Brown
Humanity,' ' Bush-Whacking,' 'A Free-Lance of To-day,'
Sx. [In the p.
Messrs. SMITH, ELDER & CO. will be happy to send a CATALOGUE of their PUBLICATIONS post free on application.
London: SMITH, ELDER & CO. 15, Waterloo Place, S.W.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to "THE EDITOR"— Advertisements and Business Letters to "TIIE PUBLISHERS"— at the Office, Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.C.
.Publish ed Weekly by JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS at Bream's Building. Chancery Lane. E.C. and Printed by J. EDWARD FRANCIS. Athimeuni Press, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.0
Agents for Scotland, Messrs. BELL & ERADFUTE and Mr. JOHN MENZIES, Edinburgh.— Saturday, March 17, 1906.
THE ATHENAEUM
^V
|mmtal tf (English antr JFordp Iterator*, &aente, tip Jme JlrtS, #tasu ani ft* Erama*
No. 4091.
SATURDAY, MARCH 24, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
LENT, 1906.
EVERYMAN, The Old Morality Play.
As produced by the ELIZABETHAN STAGE SOCIETY, under
the personal direction of Mr. WILLIAM POEL. CORONET
THEATRE, Hotting Hill. March 22 and 28. at 3; CAMDEN
THEATRE. SATURDAY AFTERNOON. March 17; KENNINGTON,
March 24 and 31 ; FULHAM. March 2!); BROADWAY THEATRE.
S.E., March 30. Seats may now be booked at all the Theatres and all
Libraries.
(Ifeljibtiinns.
r^LD BRITISH SCHOOL.— SHEPHERD'S
\y SPRING EXHIBITION includes choice Landscapes and Por-
traits bv the Masters of the Old British School of Painting.
SHEPHERDS GALLERY, 27, King Street. St. James's Square.
MASTERPIECES by DURER, MERYON,
SEYMOUR HADEN. and WHISTLER.
EXHIBITION NOW OPEN at MR. R. GUTEKUXST'S,
16, King Street, St. James's, S.W. 10-0. Is.
EXHIBITION of FLOWERS by MODERN
FLOWER-PAINTERS, and WATER COLOURS bv YIGNOLES
FISHER NOW OPEN, 10-6. -THE BAILLIE GALLERY, 34, Baker
Street, W.
o
BACH & CO. 168, New Bond Street, W.
The Right Hon. Sir JOHN C DAYS COLLECTION.
Third Part: DUTCH WATER COLOURS.
NOW ON YIEW.
THE NEW DUDLEY GALLEY, 169,
Piccadilly. W„ is NOW AVAILABLE for EXHIBITIONS of
WORKS of ART. ARTS and CRAFTS. &c. It is on the ground
floor, top-lighted, and in, perhaps, the best position in Europe. —
Artists and Secretaries of Societies should write for vacant dates
and Terms to the SECRETARY, New Dudley Gallery, 169, Picca-
<lilly, W.
€ITY AND COUNTY OF NEWCASTLE-
UPON-TYNE.
LAING ART GALLERY AND MUSEUM.
SPECIAL LOAN EXHIBITION OF WORKS BY T. M.
RICHARDSON, SEN., Ac.
A SPECIAL EXHIBITION of WORKS bv T. H. RICHARDSON,
Sen., T. M. RICHARDSON. Jun.. and OTHER MEMBERS of the
RICHARDSON FAMILY, will OPEN in MAY. The Committee trust
that Owners will .assist in forming an important Record of the Works of
these Artists, by contributing Examples in their possession. Expenses
•of Transit, Insurance, Ac, will be defrayed. Particulars may be
obtained from the Curator. Mr. C. BERNARD STEVENSON.
s
(B&ucatianal.
OMERVILLE COLLEGE, OXFORD.
A FELLOWSHIP of the annual value of 120?., and tenable for Three
Years is offered by the COUNCIL of SOMERY1LLE COLLEGE
under the following conditions : —
1. Candidates for the Fellowship must be Women who have resided
in Oxford for Twelve Terms (Three Years', and have taken an Oxford
Honour Examination.
2. The Fellow elected will be required tat to devote herself to some
line of study to l»e approved by the Council ; (61 to reside in Somerville
'College during at least Three Terms ; 'd to publish the results of her
work at the end of the Three Years, if the Council shall think it
desirable.
3. Candidates arc requested to apply in writing before MONDAY,
May 7, 1906, to the SECRETARY, at Somerville College, Oxford, The
Envelopes should lie marked " Fellowship Application." The
Secretary will supply all further information.
Each application should be accompanied by a statement showing
that the Candidate is qualified according to the conditions laid down
in Regulation 1.
Candidates are also invited to give References to not more than
Three Persons who can testify to their qualifications, to supply full
IiarticnUrs of any work which they have done, and to indicate the
ine of study which they would pursue if elected.
Somerville College, March 5, 1906.
LIBRARY ASSOCIATION,— PROFESSIONAL
EXAMINATION -The NEXT PROFESSIONAL EXAMINA-
TION of the LIBRARY ASSOCIATION will be held on MAY 6-11.
Copies of the Svlbibus. together with all details, can lie obtained on
application to the undersigned. HENRY 1>. ROBERTS, Hon. Sec.
Education Committee, Whitcomb House, Whitcomb Street, Pall Mali
East, London, S.W.
ST. PAUL'S GIRLS' SCHOOL,
BROOK GREEN, W.
An EXAMINATION for FOUNDATION SCHOLARSHIPS, open
to Girls under IB years of age. will In held at the SCHOOL on
APRIL 3. 4. and B. These Scholarships exempt the holders from
the pavment of Tuition Fees —Further particulars may be obtained
from the HEAD MISTRESS at the School.
s
T. PAUL'S SCHOOL, WEST KENSINGTON.
An EXAMINATION will be held at the aliove School on
TUESDAY. April 3. 1»06. and on the Following Davs. for FILLING
UP ABOUT SEVEN VACANCIES on the FOUNDATION.
Full particulars can be obtained on application to the BURSAR.
FOLKESTONE. — WOODLANDS PREPARA-
TORY SCHOOL. Individual Teaching.-Rcv. H. T. J. 0OOOIN,
M.A.Cantab., formerly House • Master, University College School,
London.
EDUCATION. —PROSPECT I -SKS and parti
cularsof SCHOOLS for BOYS and QIRLS
in ENGLAND and aiiimui
supplied to Parents free of charge. State full requirement".
UNIVERSITY SCHOLASTIC AGENCY. 122, Recent 8treer, I on Ion.
Established IMS.
/CHURCH EDUCATION CORPORATION.
CHERWELL HALL, OXFORD.
Training College for Women Secondary Teachers. Principal, Mies
CATHERINE I. DODI), M.A., late Lecturer in Education at the
University of Manchester.
Students are prepared for the Oxford Teacher's Diploma, the
Cambridge Teacher's Certificate, the Teacher's Diploma of the
University of London, and the Higher Froebel Certificate.
Full particulars on application.
A FRENCH LADY, residing in a beautiful and
healthy part of Normaudv. wishes to RECEIVE a FEW
YOUNG ENGLISH GIRLS desirous of learning French during the
Summer Months (April to October). Family life, every comfort, and
exceptional advantages. Terms, inclusive of Tuition. 25 Guineas per
Week.— Address : Madame RAOUL DU BUISSON. Chateau du
Boisgeloup. pres Gisors, Eure ; or for reference to Mrs. F. F.
FREEMAN, Abbotsfield, Tavistock, South Devon.
GOTH A, GERMANY.— Comfortable and refined
HOME for GIRLS and LADIES, also small BOYS, in the
house of Fraulein METZEROTH (Diplomat, 13, Waltershauserstr.,
Gotha. Recommended by first-class English Families. Exceptional
Educational Advantages : Languages, Music, opi>ortunity to learn
German perfectly. Terms, U. 10s. per month.
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are invited to call upon or send fully detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GABBITA8, THRING A CO..
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. THRING, Nephew of the
late Head Master of Uppingham. 36. Sackvillc Street, London, W.
H
^ihtati0tts Vacant
ELE'S SECONDARY SCHOOL FOR BOYS,
EXETER.
HEAD MASTER.
The GOVERNORS invite applications from Graduates of anv
British University for the position of HEAD MASTER of the above
School, the apjiointment to date from AUGUST 1, 1906, or such earlier
date as the successful Candidate is able to enter upon the duties of
the Office. The emoluments will consist of a House adjoining the
School, with a fixed Salary of 100/. per annum, and a Capitation Fee of
If. 10s. on each Pupil in the School. The present numbers in attend-
ance are 180.
The School occupies an important position in the educational
system of the City of Exeter, and development is contemplated in the
immediate future so as to make it eligible for recognition under the
Regulations for Secondary Schools of the Board of Education.
Applications iForms of which can be obtained of the Clerkl and
Testimonials are to l>e in my hands not later than APRIL 14.
Canvassing, either dircctlv or indirectly, will l>e a disqualification.
JOHN E. DAW, Clerk to the Governors.
13, Bedford Circus, Exeter, March 14, 1906.
HEAD MASTER REQUIRED (after Summer
Vacation! for WESTMINSTER CITY SCHOOL.
Subject to provisions of Scheme, the Governors will proceed to fill
this vacancy EARLY IN MAY.
Candidates must be Graduates of a University in the United
Kingdom, and be under 45 years of age. On present attendance the
Stipend and Fees offered will amount to al>out 600?. a year, exclusive
of Superannuation Fund, and good Unfurnished House, rent and rate
free. Goals, anil Gas. Send addressed foolscap ^envelope for printed
particulars.
Applications must reach the undersigned not later than APRIL 19.
c SPENCER SMITH. Clerk.
Office : 6.!. Palace Street, Westminster, S.W.
WANTED a UNIVERSITY GRADUATE,
Oxford or Cambridge preferred- under 30, with teaching
experience, as EDUCATIONAL editor, with Superintendence of
Department —Apply, by letter, giving full particulars of qualifications.
to Mr. EDWARD ARNOLD, 41 and 43, Maddox Street. Bond
SI net, W.
Situations tManttb.
A DVERTISER seeks COLLABORATION in
X\. IMAGINATIVE LITERARY WORK with Lady CD Gentleman.
— clIERCHEUR. Box 1099, Athcnaum Press, l.l, Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Line. B.C.
TO EDITORS.— HORTICULTURAL WRITER
desires COMMUNICATION. Bright, seasonable Notes. Hlus-
trations. Answers to Correspondents. Be. Terms moderate.— Tem.
Address. J. It . 67. Ilartingtun Road. Southend.
AN active YOUNG MAN (23) requires
SITUATION as PUBLISHER'S or BOOKSELLER'S ASSIS
TANT. Can supply good references.— T.. Box 1070, Athenseum Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane. E.C.
A SECRETARY (36), disengaged shortly, desires
SIMILAR OCCUPATION, or as Assistant CT Traveller. Know-
ledge of the value of Ran- Books, Cuius. Pictures. Highest references.
Guarantee. Excellent office and Type-writer if required.— Write
Box 1278, Willing'*, 186, Strand.
YOUN<; LADY, unusually acquainted with
Inclusive History. Literature, and Art. seeks opportunity of
using her love of. ;md Interest in, these studies. Trained in Drawing.
Designs, Painting— G. II . care of X\ Westminster Palace Gardens,
Artillery Row. B «
LADY (aged 21) seeks RE-ENGAGEMENT
riUVATE secretary Good Correspondent an, l Writ, i
Five and ■ half rears with an Author.— Addrssi xiis- am\ BA( H,
17, Marlboro Place, Brighton.
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
TRANSLATION, Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing, Encyclopaedic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Non-Resident Secretaryship. Classics, French, German, Italian,
Spanish, Anglo-Saxon. Special subjects : Mythology and Literature.
Varied experience. Moderate terms.— Miss SELBY, 53, Talbot Road, W.
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials.— A. B., Box 10&!, Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream's Build-
ings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
jHiscrUamons.
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK and INDEXING.-Apply Miss PETHERBRIDGE (Nat.
Sci. Triposl, Ka, Conduit Street, Bond Street, London, W.
©irpe-tiErifrrs.
TYPE-WRITING, M. per 1,000 words. —PLAYS,
NOVELS. ESSAYS, ic, with promptitude and accuracy. Carbon
Copies a speciality. Highest references.— M. KING, 7, Corona YiUae,
Pinner Road, Harrow.
TYPE- WRITING undertaken by highly educated
Women (Classical Tripos ; Cambridge Higher Local ; Modern
Languages). Research. Revision. Translation. Dictation Room. —
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPE-WRITING AGENCY, 10, Duke Street
Adelphi, W.C.
A UTHORS' MSS. , NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
J\- ESSAYS TYPE-WRITTEN with complete accuracy, 9d. per
1.000 words. Clear Carlton Copies guaranteed. References to well-
known Writers.— M. STUART, ThirlUuik. Roxborough Road, Harrow
AUTHORS' MSS., 9d. per 1,000 words.
SERMONS. PLAYS. ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPED at home (Remington). Good i«i>cr. Orders promptly exe-
cuted.—M. L. L., 7, Vernon Road ; now known as 18, Edgeley Road,
Clapham, S.W.
TYPE-WRITING— MSS., SCIENTIFIC, and
of all Descriptions, COPIED. Special attention to work
requiring care. Dictation Rooms (Shorthand or Tyi>e-Writing).
Usual terms.— Misses E. B. and I. FARRAN, Donington House, 30,
Norfolk Street, Strand, London.
TYPE-WRITER.— PLAYS and MSS. of every
description. Carbon and other Duplicate or Manifold Copies.
—Miss E. M. TIGAR, 64, Maitland Park Road, Haverstock Hill, N.W.
Established 1884.
T
Y P E
WRITER S.
TAYLORS, Ltd., 74. CHANCERY LANE,
BUY, SELL EXCHANGE. REPAIR, AND HIRE OUT ALL
MAKES OF TYPE WRITERS.
Documents Copied. Remingtons from H. ; Smith's Premiers, No. 4,
10L 10s. Illustrated Catalogue free.
TAYLORS TYPE-WRITER CO.. Lt»„
74. Chancery Lane, and 92, Queen Street, Chenpside.
Telephones. 4X81 Holttorn and f02fl Bank. Contractors to His
Majesty's Government. Telegrams, Glossator, London. Established
1884.
THE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
The interests of Authors ca|iah)y represented. Agreements for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed with Publishers— Terms and Testi-
monlals on application to Mi. A M. Bl'KOHES. 34. Paternoster Row
THE FICTION EDITOR for some time, and the
Literary Reader I" Taster "I for many years of the Hesan
Harmsworth, having resigned his appointment. ADVISES UPON
USS oF EVERY KIND. The discoverer and prompter of many
New Writers. Fiction a speciality.— Apply AUTHORS' ADVISORY:
BUREAU, -'n. Buckingham Street. West Strand. London. W.C
Ihtaspaprr ]Uj*nts.
XTORTIIERN NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE,
-i-V KENDAL. ENGLAND,
Supplies Editors withall kinds of Literary Matter, and is open fo hear
from Authors concerning Manuscripts.
N
J E W S P A P E R PROPERTIES
SOLD. VALUED.
PROPERTIES For PURCHASE ON BOOKS
WALTER WELLSMAN. Licensed Valuer,
SB, New Bridge Street. Londe.it
NE W S P A P E R P R O P E R T I E S
BOUGHT, BOLD. VALUED, AND SUPPLIED with
EVERY REQUISITE
The London Agency of an additional limited nnmlvr of Provincial
•Jul Colonial Neu pipers can >*e undertaken.
Full particulars from
THE IMPERIAL NEWS AGENCY,
t and 4, Tudor Street. London, EC.
346
THE ATHENiEUM
N°4091, March 24, 1906
THE AUTOTYPE COMPANY,
74, NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.
REPRODUCTIONS IN MONOCHROME OF
FAMOUS WORKS OF ART BY THE
AUTOTYPE PERMANENT PROCESS.
Amongst the numerous Publications may be mentioned :—
SELECTIONS from
The NATIONAL GALLERY, London.
The WALLACE COLLECTION.
The TATE GALLERY.
The WALKER ART GALLERY, Liverpool.
DRAWINGS by HOLBEIN from the Royal
Collection, Windsor Castle.
G. F. WATTS, R.A.
The Principal Works by this Master.
SELECTED EXAMPLES of Sacred Art
from various CoUections.
ETCHINGS by REMBRANDT.
DRAWINGS by ALBERT DURER.
PICTURES Jrom the LOUVRE and LUXEM-
BOURG, PARLS.
Prospectuses of above Issues will be sent free on application.
Full particulars of all the Company's Publications
are given in
THE AUTOTYPE FINE - ART
CATALOGUE. Now ready, Enlarged Edition, with
Hundreds of Miniature Photographs and Tint Blocks
of Notable Autographs. For convenience of reference
the Publications are arranged Alphabetically under
Artists' Names. Post free, One Shilling.
A Visit of Inspection is invited to
The AUTOTYPE FINE- ART GALLERY,
74, NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.
LEIGHTON'S
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of EARLY
JL PRINTED and other INTERESTING BOOKS. MANUSCRIPTS,
and BINDINGS.
OFFERED FOR SALE BT
J. & J. LEIGHTON, 40, Brewer Street, Golden Square, W.
Thick Svo, 1,738 pp., 6.200 items, with upwards of 1,350 Reproductions
in Facsimile.
Bound in art cloth, gilt tops, 25s. ; half-morocco, gilt tops. SO*.
BOOKS. — Largest Stock in London of
PUBLISHERS' REMAINDER STOCKS,
All in perfectly new condition as originally published,
but at GREATLY REDUCED PRICES.
FEBRUARY SUPPLEMENTARY CATALOGUE JUST READY
WILLIAM GLAISHER,
Remainder and Discount Bookseller, 265, High Holborn. London.
T~HE INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
No. 141. containing a Special Article, entitled 'MODERN
VTEWS of ELECTRICITY and MATTER.' by Prof. ALFRED W.
PORTER. Specimen Copies gratis.-WILLIAMS * NORGATE
Book Importers, 14, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
HH. PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street, Leicester,
. issues CATALOGUES of MSS. and RARE BOOKS post free
lo Book Collectors. CATALOGUE 15, issued SATURDAY. Feb-
ruary 24, contains HolinBhed's Chronicles — Autographs— Books on
Ireland— Books with Woodcuts— Miscellaneous Old Literature, 4c.
BOOKS. — All OUT - OF - PRINT and RARE
BOOKS on any subject SUPPLIED. The most expert Bookfinder
extant. Please state wants and ask forCATALOGIIE. I make a special
feature of exchanging any Saleable Books for others selected from my
various Lifts Special List of 2.000 Books I particularly want pout free.
— EDW. BAKER'S Great Bookshop, 14-16, John Bright Streot. Birming-
ham. Dore Gallery, great bargain, new, 42s., for 7«. 6J.
CATALOGUE No. 44. --Turner's Liber Studiorum,
England and Wales, and other Engravings— Lucas's Mercotints
after Constable— Etchings by Whistler, S. PaUner. 4c— Drawings by
Turner BurneJones, Ruskin, 4c. — Illustrated Books — Works by
liuskin. Post free, Sixpence. — WM. WARD, 2, Church Terrace,
Ki. lituend, Surrey.
JUST OUT.
DAVID NUTT'S SECOND-HAND CATA-
LOGUE, No. LXXV., comprising 1,500 numbers. English and
Foreign: Mythology. Archaeology, Mcdia-val and Oriental Romance,
Celtie ami Scandinavian Literature and Folk lore, 4c. and containing
manv important Sets of Periodical! and Transactions of Learned
Societies, en Sale at exceptionally low prices for Cash.— Sunt post free
en application to DAVID NUTT, 57-59. Long Acre.
ARUNDEL CHROMOS.— Large stock. Many
rare ones. Send stamp for TH IS MONTHS LIST (which gircs
size and shape of each).— ST. JUDE'S DEPOT, Birmingham.
ANCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Collectors
and Antiquarians are invited to apply to SPINK 4 BON,
Limited, for Specimen Copy (gratis! of their NUMISMATIC CIRCU-
LAR. The fluent (ireek, Roman, and English Coins on View and f.,r
Sale at Moderate Prices.— SPINK 4 SON, LmiTin, Experts, Valuers,
and Cataloguers, 18, 17. and IS. Piccadilly. London, W. Established
upwards of a Century.
TO COLLECTORS.— The magnificent COLLEC-
TION of BRASS RUBBINGS formed by the late Rev' J. R.
LUNN is now FOR SALE. It represents 1,580 odd different Brasses.
—Apply to I.UNN, Nuneaton.
INDIAN RARITIES TO BE SOLD, viz.,
JL amongst others, a heavy 18-carat Gold Watch, unique, of the
Prince of Dohlpur. Nesam Sing, with Monogram, and seven-pointed
Crown. Price moderate.— Please address A. F. 28, care of Rudolf
Mosse, Frankforton-Main, Germany.
^ales fog Junction.
Pare and Valuable Books.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancery Lane, W.C. on
THURSDAY, March 29, and Following Day, at 1 o'clock. RARE
and VALUABLE BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS, comprising a
beautiful Twelfth-Century Evangeliarium — Two Fifteenth-Century
Hone, with Miniatures, and other MSS. on Vellum— Early Printed
Books from the German and Italian Presses— Sjvecimens of Stamped
Leather and Old Morocco Bindings— a Collection of scarce Americana,
including Las Casas, The Spanish Colonies, 15S3, Underbill's Newes
from America,_1638, and many others— curious Black-Letter Books and
rare Volumes in Seventeenth-Century English Literature mostly in
contemporary bindings— Holland's Heroologia Anglica, 1620 — Cotton's
Searronides, 1664, with MS. Dedicatory Verses— Evelyn's Sylva, 1670,
with inscription in the Author's hand, and other Autograph Presenta-
tion Books— a fine Set of Jesse's Historical Works. Original Editions,
21 vols.— First Editions of Scott's Tales of My Landlord, First Series,
4 vols, boards, entirely uncut— Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare, with
Blake's Plates, 2 vols, original sheep binding — White's Selborne,
boards, uncut, and many others— Bury's Sixteen Coloured Views on
the Liverpool-and Manchester Railway, and other Books with Coloured
Plates— a fine aud complete Set of the Pala>ographical Society's Pub-
lications—Standard Works in General Literature, handsomely bound
in calf and morocco— Autograph Letters from Wordsworth. Bernard
Barton, Landor, and Charlotte Bronte to Thackeray : also a mag-
nificent Set of Cannon's Historical Records of the British Army
(sold by order of the Executor of the late Miss Sophia Cannon I, 67 vols,
in the Original Morocco Bindings, and a Collection of the Original
Water-Colour Drawings of the Colours, Uniforms, and Battle Scenes,
by W. Heath and others, used to illustrate the volumes.
To be viewed, and Catologues containing facsimiles! on application.
WILLIS'S ROOMS, KING STREET, ST, JAMES'S SQUARE, S.W.
THE LANGWEIL COLLECTION OF ANTIQUE
CHINESE WORKS OF ART. FIRST PORTION.
By direction of JOHN LEECHMAN TAYLOR, Esq.,
Junr., Chartered Accountant, 115, St. Vincent Street,
Glasgow, Judicial Factor, on the Estate of GEORGE
LOUDEN WATSON, appointed by the Supreme Court of
Scotland.
MESSRS. ROBINSON & FISHER are in-
structed to SELL, at their Rooms, as above, on THURSDAY,
April 5th, and Following Day, at 1 o'clock precisely each day, this
important and valuable COLLECTION, comprising manv interesting
examples of Old Blue-and-White Enamelled and Whole Colour
Porcelain — Fine Bronzes — Old Cloisonne Enamels — Carvings in Jade,
Crystal. Amethyst. Cornelian and other Hard Stones— Snuff Bottles-
Embroideries— and Miscellaneous Objets d'Art.
May be viewed three days prior, and Catalogues had of Messrs.
TAYLOR 4 MACINTOSH, Chartered Accountants, 115, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow : Messrs. WILLIAM BAIRD 4 CO., Solicitors,
S3, West Regent Street, Glasgow ; Messrs. CLARK 4 MACDONALD,
8.S.C., 24. Hill Street, Edinburgh ; Messrs. BOCLTON, SONS 4
SANDEM AN. Solicitors. 21*. Northampton Square, E.C. ; and of the
AUCTIONEERS, at their Offices, as above.
MESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON & WOODS
respectfully give notice that they will hold the Following
SALES by AUCTION, at their Great Rooms, King Street, St. James's
Square, tho Sales commencing at 1 o'clock precisely : —
On MONDAY, March 26, MODERN PIC-
TURES and DRAWINGS and the REMAINING WORKS of the
lateC. H. POINGDESTRE.
On TUESDAY, March 27, and Two Following
Days, the valuable STOCK of JEWELS and SILVER PLATE of
Messrs. ROWLANDS 4 FRAZER, of 148, Regent Street, W.
On WEDNESDAY, March 28, the COLLEC-
TION of ENGRAVINGS of G. P. WALL, Esq.
On FRIDAY, Maroh 30, OLD SEVRES
PORCELAIN, the Property of a LADY, and DECORATIVE FURNI-
TURE of the late E. M. DENNY, Esq.
On SATURDAY, March 31, fine PICTURES
and DRAWINGS, the Property of the late E. M. DENNY, Esq..
PICTURES by OLD MASTERS, and WORKS of the EARLY
ENGLISH SCHOOL.
The Collection of Coin*, the Property of A. MAXWELL
K*q.,and Rare Pattern and Proof Coin*, the Property of
HE SUV CLARK, Esq.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. 1*. Wellington
Street. Strand. \V( . on MONDAY, Mareh 26, at 1 o slock precisely,
the COLLECTION of ENGLISH and FORKH.N coins, 4c, in-
cluding a few Fine Italian Renaissance Medals and Plaquettes. the
Property of A MAXWELL. Esq.. and a small COLLECTION of RARE
ENGLISH PATTERN nn.l PRooF COINS, in fine condition, the
Property of HENRY CLARK Esq,, The Park. Nottingham, including
Simons?! celebrated " Petition" Crown— Pattern Five Guinea andFive
Found Pieces of George III— the Ciown of William IV., by Wyon,
1831, in gold— and other fine Patterns and Proofs.
May l>e viewed. Catalogues may be had.
Valuable Books, awl Illuminated ami other Manuscripts.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. IS. Wellington
Street. St rand, W.C .. on TUESDAY, Mar. b 27, and Four Following Days,
atl o'clock predseW, valuable BOOKS, and ILLUMINATED HOR.E
and other HANU8CRIPT8, HISTORICAL DO< UMENT8, AUTO-
GRAPH LETTERS, 4c, including a Collection of Letters,
Manuscripts, Documents, and Printed Books relating to Napoleon
Buonaparte— Original Manuscripts of Hr. John Brown ("Rah "i,
Rotiert Burns, Thackeray. Dickens, the Batcman Family ifeni;.. Eliza-
beth to James I.I, Sir Isaac Newton. Lord Bolinghroke, Tasso—
Autograph Manuscripts of Bret Harte * Novels, and Letters of George
Washington and Lord Byron— Pone's Correspondence with Bathurst —
Mr. H. von Holtorn's valuable Typographical and XylogTaphical
Collections— Books in fine Bindings— Ben Jonson's Bible— First and
Early Editions of Early English Authors— Sorting Books— First
Editions of Modern Authors— A Series of Original Engravings of
Animals, by Jo. E. Ridinger— Early Printed and rare Foreign Books.
May !>e viewed. Catalogues may be had.
The valuable Collection of Engravings of the late JOHN C.
POCOCK, Esq.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION iby order of the Executorsl. at their
House. No. 13. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. on MONDAY,
April 2, and Following Dav, at 1 o'clock precisely, the valuable
COLLECTION of ENGRAVINGS of the late JOHN C. POCOCK.
Esq., of Camberwell New Road, S.E., comprising Fancy Subjects by
Masters of the English Schools, many in brilliant condition. Printed
in Colours— Mezzotinto Portraits, 4c.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may lie had.
Engravings and Drawings.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. 13. Wellington
Street. Strand. W.C. on WEDNESDAY, April 8, at 1 o'clock precisely,
a COLLECTION of TOPOGRAPHICAL ENGRAVINGS and DRAW-
INGS relating to London ami other Towns and the Counties, the
Property of a GENTLEMAN living in the Country.
May lie viewed two days prior. Catalogues may lie had.
The Collection of Coins and Medals of the late G. M. RICE,
Esq. ; War Medals, the Property of J. N. MOSS, Esq., and
other Properties.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION at their House. No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C, on THURSDAY. April 5, and Two Following
Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, COINS and MEDALS, comprising Greek.
Roman, English and Foreign Coins — War Medals — English and
Foreign Historical Medals— rare Patterns and Proofs — Coin Cabinets
and Numismatic Books, including the COLLECTION of .1. N. MOSS,
Esq.. of Heme Bav— the REMAINING PORTION of the COLLEC-
TION of the late CHARLES STOKES, Esq., of Grays Inn. W.C. and
the extensive COLLECTION of the late G. M. RICE, Esq., of
Edmonton, sold by order of the Executors.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
Sale No. 305S.
THE MARKET HALL, KENDAL.
By order of the Executors of the late Rev. D. S. SPEDDING.
MDE ROME & SON
• are instructed to remove from The Parsonage, Hutton Roof.
Westmorland, to the above Hall, and
SELL BY AUCTION.
On WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, April 4 and 8,
The important Collection of
OIL PAINTINGS
By and attributed to
Reynolds, Sir J. Gainsborough. T. Romney. O.
Morland, G. Wheatley. F. Teniers. D.
Kneller, Sir G. Unbetson. J. C. Cipriani
Dmmmond. S. Dawe, G. Beeehey, Sir W.
Rembrandt, Murillo, Greuze (J. B.l, Salvator Rosa, Jean Baptiste-,
Albano, Netscher, 4c.
Also a Collection of
ANTIQUE AND MODERN DECORATIVE CHINA.
Antique Glass, Sheffield Plated and Old Brass Ware, and a Quantity of
ANTIQUE FURNITURE
IN MAHOGANY AND CARVED OAK.
Catalogues may be had from the AUCTIONEERS, 21. Stramongatc
Kendal, price Sixpence ; by post, Sevenpence.
THE SURGICAL AID SOCIETY.
Chief Offices— SALISBURY SQUARE, FLEET STREET, E.C.
Telephone No. : 12282 CENTRAL.
Patron-HIS MAJESTY THE KING.
This Society was established in 1862 to supply Leg Instruments, Spinal Supports,
Trusses, Elastic Stockings, Artificial Limbs, &c, and every other description" of
Mechanical Support, to the Poor.
OVER 440 PATIENTS ARE RELIEVED EVERY WEEK
CONTRIBUTIONS EARNE8TLY SOLICITED.
Aniyial Subscription of ^0 10 6 "I Entitles to Two Recommendations
Life Subscription Of 5 5 0) per Annum.
Bankers — Messrs. Barclay k Co., Ltd., 54, Lombard Street.
RICHARD C. TRESIDDER, Secretary.
N°4091, March 24, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
347
MUDIE'S LIBEARY
(LIMITED),
30-34, NEW OXFORD STREET,
LONDON.
STOCK-TAKING
SALE.
MESSRS. MUDIE are offering
for Sale from MARCH 5 until
MARCH 17, a LARGE STOCK
of SECOND-HAND LIBRARY
BOOKS, and MISCELLANEOUS
STANDARD WORKS in
VARIOUS BINDINGS, CLOTH
and LEATHER, at SPECIAL RE-
DUCTIONS. List on application.
Valuable Books, including a Portion of a Library removed
from Devonshire.
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
by AUCTION, at their Galleries, 47, Leicester Square, W.C.,
EARLY IN APRIL. VALUABLE BOOKS, including rare First
Editions and other valuable Items.
Early Printed Books and rare First Editions, including a
Portion of the Library of a Collector.
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
by AUCTION, at their Galleries. 47. Leicester Square. W.C..
EARLY IN APRIL. VALUABLE BOOKS, including rare Specimens
of Early English and Foreign Presses— scarce Fir6t Editions— and
other important Items.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL bv AUCTION,
on MONDAY NEXT, BRITISH and EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA
from various sources. HEADS and nollXS of BIG GAME, and
general NATURAL HISTORY SPECIMENS.
On TUESDAY will be offered the choice
COLLECTION of BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA formed by the late
W. F. URWICK. Emi., containing rare and Extinct Specimens and
remarkable Varieties.
On FRIDAY will be included 50 LOTS of
FI8HING RODS and TACKLE.
The NEXT SALE of PORCELAIN, ARMS and
A.RMOUR. BRONZES, and CURIOS will take place on APRIL 3.
Catalogues may be had on application at 3S. King Street, Covent
Garden
ognea
,w.c.
£taga$trus, &t.
THE HOME COUNTIES MAGAZINE.
An Illustrated Magazine devoted to Popular Topography.
Published Quarterly, price 18. ft/, net.
The APRIL Iuue route i»«, amongst other Arttclei :—
A Hertfordshire Witch. — Picturesque Petersham. — A Diarist's
House. — The Tower of London in 1810. — Some East Kent Parish
History— Hungerford House. — Ramble No. XIX. (Dcnhani, The
Chalfonts. Amcrsham. 4c. I. -The Deans of Rocking— Place Names:
Northwood and District. —The Victoria County Histories. — The
Chronicle of Paul's Cross.— Notes on London Church Plate.— Numerous
Illustrations.— Quarterly Notes. Notes and Queries.
Publishing Offices : 44, Chancery Lane, W.C.
ABOUT 2,000 BOOKS WANTED are advertised
for weekly in THE PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR AND BOOK-
BEL] BKS' RECORD (established 18371, which also gives Lists of the
Books published .luniik' the Week. Announcements of New
Book> 4c. Sul.s. lit. is bare the privilege of a Free Advertisement
for Poor i;.x.ks Wanted Weekly. Sent for &2 weeks. |x>st free, tor
8». «•' Home ami ii*. Foreign Subscription. Price Three-Halfpence
w , : i . iff -i Di ,,. Bona I ■ I tat Lame, London.
THE BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine
Street, London. W.O.. U 1BOH j;. . ..iit.ins:-
Notes on Architecture m New Zealand, II. (with niuatratl
Leadwork ilnstitnt. ■ of Architect*!; The British School al Rome;
Vestiges of Bermondscy Abbey; The Further Btrand Impro
Bcheme-.Tle i n England IQarpenten Hall Led
y matical Data fot Architecta [Student; Column) ; lllurti
of Palazzo. Arlgnoneei, Hontepulciano : Blebo House. In
Proposed Central Library, Hackney, A .-From Office as atiove |4<' ; by
poet, 4R>, or through any Newsagent.
MESSRS. CONSTABLE'S LIST.
BOOKS FOR IMMEDIATE PUBLICATION.
THE ENGLAND AND HOLLAND OF THE PILGRIMS. By
the late HENRY MARTYN DEXTER, D.D. LL.D., and his Son, MORTON DEXTER.
Illustrated. Demy Svo, 15s. net.
RENASCENCE PORTRAITS. By Paul Van Dyke, D.D. Illus-
trated with Portraits in Photogravure. Demy 8vo, 10s. 6c7. net.
Studies of Pietro Aretino, Thomas Cromwell, and Maximilian I.
ALEXANDER HAMILTON. By Frederick Scott Oliver. Illus-
trated with Portraits. Demy 8vo, 12s. 6d. net.
This study of the great American Federalist and his work is divided into the following seven
Sections : I. Independence. II. Union. III. Administration. IV. The Growth of Opposition.
V. The Rights of Man. VI Party Politics. VII. Conditions of Empire.
THE FLORENTINE HISTORY. Written by Niccolo Machia-
VELLI. Translated from the Italian by NINIAN HILL THOMSON, M.A. In 2 vols, crown
Svo, 12s. net.
AN ESSAY ON MAN AND CHRISTIAN CIVILIZATION. By
W. Y. CRAIG. Crown 8vo, 5s. net.
MR. JOHN STR00D. A Novel. By Percy White, Author of
< Park Lane,' ' The West End,' Sec. Crown Svo, 6s.
THE HOUSE OF COBWEBS, and other Stories. By George
GISSING Author of 'The Private Papers of Henrv Ryecroft,' 'Will Warburton,' ' Veranilda,'
ftc. With an Introduction by THOMAS SECCOMBE.
SOME RECENT PUBLICATIONS.
THE CHIEF AMERICAN POETS: Selected
Poems by Bryant, Poe, Emerson. Longfellow, Whittier. Holmes.
Lowell. Whitman, and Lanier. Edited, with *to^*™g™%£?
Lists and Biographical Sketches, by CURTIS HIDDEN PAGE,
Ph.D. With Frontispiece. Demy 8vo, 7s. 8d. net.
BOSWELL'S LIFE OF JOHNSON. Edited
by the Right Hon. AUGUSTINE BIRRELL. New and Popular
Edition. AYith Frontispieces in Photogravure. 6 vols. fcai>. Svo,
cloth, 6s. net.
CITIES OF PAUL: Beacons of the Past
rekindled by the Present. By WILLIAM BURNET WRIGHT.
Author of ' Ancient Cities from the Dawn to the Daylight. Crown
Svo, 48. 6d. net.
A SHORT HISTORY OF ITALY (4761900).
By HENRY DWIGHT SEDGWICK. With Map. Demy Svo,
8s. 6d.
THE RELIGION OF ALL GOOD MEN,
and other Studies in Christian Ethics. By H. W. GARROD,
Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. Extra crown Svo, 58. net.
REASON AND SCIENCE. Being the Fifth
and Concluding Volume of ■ The Life of Reason ; or .the Phases of
Human Progress.' Bv GEORGE SANTA\ANA. Assistant
Professor in Philosophy at Harvard University. Crown Svo, 58. net.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
EUROPEAN NATIONS (1870-1900). By J. HOLLAND ROSE,
Litt 1> With numerous Maps and Plans. Demy Svo. IS*, net.
[Second Imi>ret*ion.
THE LIFE OF M0LIERE. By Henry M.
TROLLOPE. With '2 Photogravure :Portraits. Demy 8vo,
lfis. net.
LECTURES ON TROPICAL DISEASES.
Bv Sir PATRICK MANSON. K.C.M.G. F.R.S. M.D. F.R.C.P.
Fully illustrated. Demy 8vo, 7s. Cut. net.
LEPROSY AND FISH EATING. By
lo\-\TH\N HUTCHINSON, F.ll.s. LL.D. cm*.. E.lin.. and
Glasgow. F.R.C S . late President of the Royal College of Surgeons.
Deny Bro, lat, id. net
SCARABS: an Introduction to the Study of
Egyptian Seals and Signet Ring*. Bt*?RCjY TLVXWBTBKBY,
Author of "The Ufe of Rekhmara.' With a Pnll-Page PI
nomerona illustrations In the Text Royal svo, iss. net.
THE EUAHLAYI TRIBE: a Study of
Aboriginal Life in Australia. By K . L ANGI.oH 1'AKKKIi With
ail Introduction by ANDREW LAKCK lllm-tiatol. DemjSTO,
7l, t&. net.
THE SEVEN FOLLIES OF SCIENCE. A
Popular Account of the most Famous Bdentlne ImpoedblUUea.
and the Attempt! which have I n made to Solve Them. By JOHN
P1HN. niuatrated. Demj B»o, M. net,
NEW 8IX-8HILLING NOVELS.
THE WHEEL OF LIFE.
By ELLEN GLASGOW,
Author of ' The Deliverance,' &c.
CURAYL.
By UNA L. SILBERRAD,
Author of 'Petronilla Heroven,' 'The Wedding of the
Lady of Lovell,' Ac.
PUXCH says:— "Any one who has read much contem-
porary feminine fiction will understand the greatness of the
author's achievement The book has a curious charm. I
put it doWn an unstinted admiration for its technique and
the naturalness of its dialogue, with a strong desire to read
it again at once."
THE HEALERS.
By MAARTEN MAARTENS,
Author of ' Dorothea,' ore.
"A story which may be looked upon as a remarkable
tour de force ; a story which interests by the variety of its
characters and by the excellence of its literary style — The
reading of his book is a constant pleasure. ' The Healers,'
will surely help further to heighten his reputation as a
writer of serious fiction."— Da ily Telegraph.
THE SHADOW OF LIFE.
By ANNE DOUGLAS SEDGWICK.
Author of ' The Paths of Judgment,' &c.
A YOUNG MAN IN A
HURRY.
And other Stones.
By ROBERT W. CHAMBERS,
Author of 'The Maid it Anns,' ' The Reckoning,' Ac.
Illustrated.
■Readable and brightly written."— Triimnr.
Ef3sh mdstimni —.UanoKeeir. trtsorivan.
PROSPECTUSES AND NEW SPRING LIST NOW READY.
A. CONSTABLE & CO., Limited, 16, James Street, Haymarket.
348
THE ATHENAEUM
NMODl, Makmi 24, 1906
WORKS BY THE
BISHOP OF LONDON.
330 pp. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. M.
THE GOSPEL IN
ACTION.
This New Volume by the Right Rev.
A. F. WINNINGTON INGRAM, D.D.,
Bishop of London, is grouped under the
following heads :— The West-End Mission —
Addresses to Men — Addresses to Women
and Girls — Sermons on Special Occasions.
A SELECTION FROM THE
BISHOP OF LONDON'S OTHER WORKS.
FAITH OF CHURCH AND
NATION. Crown 8vo, cloth boards, 3s. Qd.
[Second Edition.
UNDER THE DOME. Crown
8vo, cloth boards, 3s. Gd. [Third Edition.
WORK IN GREAT CITIES.
Six Lectures on Pastoral Theology, delivered
in the Divinity School, Cambridge. Crown 8vo,
cloth boards, 3s. Gd. [Fourth Edition.
THE MEN WHO CRUCIFY
CHRIST. Crown 8vo, cloth boards, Is. Gd.
[Sixth Edition.
FRIENDS OF THE MASTER.
Crown 8vo, cloth boards, Is. (id. A Sequel to
'The Men who Crucify Christ.'
[Seventh Edition.
BANNERS OF THE CHRIS-
TIAN FAITH. Crown 8vo, cloth boards,
3s. Gd. [Second Edition.
THE AFTERGLOW OF A
GREAT REIGN. 18m.., cloth hoards, Is. Gd.
[Fifth Edition.
GOOD SHEPHERDS. Being
Addresses to those preparing for Holy Orders
at the Clergy School, Leeds, June, 18%.
18mo, cloth lxMirds, Is. 6c/.
[Second Edition.
London :
WELLS GARDNER, DARTON & CO., Ltd.,
3, Paternoster Buildings, and 44, Victoria Street.
0 RATI g.
LARGE REMBRANDT PLATE,
Ouvuiug 800 iqvan Inohoe n tagnvod rarfr •,
GIVEN WT1 H THE
REMBRANDT MEMORIAL
To bo published in 10 Fortnightly Parte,
14 in. by 10 in., 2$, 6cZ. net eaeli.
SEVENTY MAGNIFICENT PLATES,
AND A STUDY OF THE MASTER'S WORK BY
EMILE MICHEL,
Member of the Institute of France.
V PROSPECTUS OF ANY BOOKSELLER OR OF THE PUBLISHER
PARTS I. AND If. ARE READY.
" More than satisfies the highest expectations." — Manchester Cov
"Promises to be a superb work." — Academy.
IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT.
MR. HEINEMANN WILL PUBLISH NEXT WEEK
MR. E. F. BENSON'S NEW NOVEL,
THE ANGEL OF PAIN. 6s.
By E. F. BENSON, Author of
THE IMAGE IN THE SAND.
AN ACT IN A BACKWATER.
THE CHALLONERS.
THE RELENTLESS CITY.
SCARLET AND HYSSOP.
THE LUCK OF THE VAILs.
THE PRINCESS SOPHIA.
<tc. 4c.
NEW SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
THE SPHINX'S LAWYER. THE MAN OF PROPERTY.
By FRANK DANBY,
Author of 'Pigs in Clover,' 'Baccart,' Ac.
THE JUNGLE.
By UPTON SINCLAIR.
" A powerful novel, strong in human interest— a picture
of the struggle for life." — Scotsman.
By J. GALSWORTHY,
Author of ' The Island Pharisees.'
BLUE JAY.
By PEGGY WEBLING.
" The hero would conquer London outside the Actios
world." — Pall Mall Gazette.
"AN EXTRAORDINARY BOOK."
SEX AND CHARACTER.
By OTTO WEININGER.
Large 8vo, cloth, l~s. net.
"An extraordinary lx>ok We have never heard of a youth so young attacking one of the most
complicated problems of life with an apparent fullness of knowledge and a fury, so to speak, of psycho-
logical analysis that pursues its object into the last refuge of intimacy and secrecy." — Daily Mail.
KAKEMONO.
By A. HERBAGE EDWARDS.
JAPANESE s K KTl 1 1 1 SSL
Pott 4to, Is. Gd. net.
GRANADA.
By LEONARD WILLIAMS.
STUDIES AM) IMPRESSIONS.
Pott 4to, illustrated, 7*>. Gd. net.
LEO TOLSTOY'S NEW BOOK.
THE END OF THE AGE.
Demy 8vo, J>.
" A brilliantly conceived, strenuously written plea for the application of Christianity to the detail*
of the social fabric."— Sheffield Telegraph.
London: WM. HEINEMANN, 21, Bedford Street, W C.
NM091, March 24, 1906
THE ATHENJ1UM
349
SWAN SONNENSCHEIN_&^ CO., LTD.
S. S. & Co. have much pleasure in announcing that the first three volumes of
THE NEW CLASSICAL LIBRARY
are now ready. The Series is edited by that well-known scholar,
DR. EMIL REICH,
and will include eventually translations of all the more important of the great classics,
in handy 8vo volumes, of about 250 pages tach.
Cloth, 35. 6d. net ; leather, 4s. Qd. net each.
THE FOLLOWING ABE XOW BEADY:—
1. THE THEAETETUS AND PHILEBUS OF PLATO. Translated by H. F. Carlill, M.A.
2. PLUTARCH'S LIVES OF ALEXANDER, PERICLES, CAIUS CAESAR, AND AEMILIUS
PAULUS. Translated by W. B. FRAZER.
3. THE ANNALS OF TACITUS. BOOKS I.-VI. Translated by A. V. Symonds.
THE FOLLOWING VOLUMES ABE IN PBEPABATION :—
1. THE SOPHIST, PARMENIDES, 5. THE PANDECTS (Title ' De Verborum
POLITICUS, AND TIM^EUS OF PLATO. Translated by H. F. CARLILL, M.A. j Obligationibus '), and the important Parts of GAIUS.
2. PLUTARCH'S LIVES OF ARISTIDES, L AXr AT15tTA15™TnAT p^Vmnn.r^T. *
MARCUS CATO, DEMOSTHENES, CICERO, LYCURGUS, NUMA. Trans- O. AJN ALjT ilAl51il 1 lUAL JilJN U I CtLOPAEDIA 01
lated by W. R. FRAZER.
3. THE ANNALS OF TACITUS. Books XL
XVI. Translated by A. V. SYMONDS.
4. THE FIRST FIVE BOOKS OF HERODOTUS.
the Institutions, Persons, Events, &c, of Ancient History and Geography trill be
ready shortly.
7. AN ABRIDGED EDITION OF SEYFFERT'S
DICTIONARY OF ANTIQUITIES.
STUDIES IN ROMAN HISTORY. By E. G. Hardy,
M.A. D.Litt, Fellow and Tutor of Jesus College, Oxford. Crown 8vo, 6*.
" A book that on every page bears traces of careful, accurate, and intelligent scholar-
ship. " — Scotsman.
"The whole work is that of a profound scholar and enthusiast." — Liverpool Post.
"The title is fully justified by the contents, which are in the strictest sense studies,
with innumerable references for the student to original authorities."— Daily Telegraph.
PRACTICAL HOUSEWIFERY. By C. F. Picton-
GADSDEN (Domestic Economy Teacher, London County Council Schools). Crown
8vo, 2s. M.
" A comprehensive and clearly written exposition of the elements of domestic economy,
except cooking. . . .It follows the lines laid down by the Education Department, and should
prove useful both to schools and for private study." — Scotsman.
THE STUDENT'S HYGIENE. By Ernest Evans, of
the Technical School, Burnley. Crown 8vo, 'is. M.
"A concise and comprehensive exposition of practical demonstrations in hygiene."
"It is thoroughly sound and practical, and is admirably arranged." Scotsman.
Nottingham Guardian.
" We advise our readers to possess themselves of a copy and to give it their full atten-
tion."— Xurxing Times.
NEW AND REVISED EDITION OF
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY. By JOHN WADE, D. So. Lond., Lecturer on Chemistry at Guy's
Hospital. A Theoretical and Practical Text-Book for Students in the Universities
anil Technical Schools. Crown 8vo, Us. Gd. net.
DICTIONARY OF INDIAN BIOGRAPHY. From 1750
to the PlCMut Day. Containing Short Lives of more than 2,000 Eminent Persons—
European and Native— connected with India. By C. E. BUCKLAND, CLE. Small
demy 8vo, 7s. 6d.
THE RESTORATION OF THE GILD SYSTEM. By
ARTHUR J. PENTY. Crown 8vo, 3#. 6rf. net.
NEW WORK BY ARTHUR LILLIE.
Author of ' Modern Mystics,' Ac.
THE WORKSHOP OF RELIGIONS. Crown 8vo, 6s.
NEW YOLUME OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCE SERIES.
A PRACTICAL PROGRAMME FOR WORKING MEN.
Crown 8vo, cloth, 2?. 6rf.
"Such a programme as the one urged herein means economy, peace, justice, and the
maximum of happiness for all." — Dundee Advertiser.
AP0LL0NIUS OF TYANA, AND OTHER ESSAYS.
By THOMAS WHITTAKER, Author of 'The New Platonists,' drc. Crown 8vo.
cloth, 3*. 6<1. net.
" Written with hard learning and keen dry thought, they make a book which must
prove both instructive and stimulating to explorers of the ethereal religion of speculation,
where the fundamental conceptions of science, religion, and philosophy coalesce."
Scotsman.
NEW YOLUME OF THE BIJOU SERIES.
BROWNINGS SAUL, AND OTHER POEMS. By
SUSAN CUNNINGTON, Author of 'The Story of Arithmetic.' Cloth, Ift Od. net;
lambskin, 2*. net.
" Devout students of Browning may find some welcome assistance in this little book.
The commentator is always appreciative." — Scotsman.
" No better booklet could be put into the hands of a lover of versified wisdom, who is
at the same time desirous of obtaining an introduction to Browning's message to the
world." — Dundee Courier.
BY RAMSDEN BALMFORTH,
Author of ' Some Social and Political Pioneers,' Ac.
THE BIBLE IN THE LIGHT OF THE HIGHER
CRITICISM. Crown Svo, 8ft M. each.
Vol. I. THE OLD TESTAMENT. Vol. IL THE NEW TESTAMENT.
SECOND EDITION SHORTLY OF THE NEW AND IMPORTANT WORK
BY GEO. W. 8T0W, F.G.S. F.R.G.S.
THE NATIVE RACES OF SOUTH AFRICA. Edited
by GEO. McCALL THEAL, Litt.D. LL.D. Royal 8vo, with numerous Illustrations
21*. net,
" The book is of uncommon interest to students of ethnology."— Sta ndord.
" Of singular interest for all anthropologists and folk-lonsts. The many illustrations
add greatly to the usefulness of the book."— Antiquary.
"The work is of great value." — Athemriim.
READY SHORTLY.
THE SCIENCE OF COMMON LIFE. By J. B. Coppock,
B.Sc.Lond. F.LC. F.C.S., Principal of the Schools of Science, Kendal.
CYCLOPAEDIA OF EDUCATION. A New Edition,
thoroughly IteTised and brought up to date. Demy 8vo, 2«. (Vf. net.
SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., Limited, 25, High Street, Bloomsbury, W.C.
850
THE ATHEN^UM
N°4091, March 24, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
L I S T.
MEMOIRS OF
ARCHBISHOP TEMPLE.
By BEVEN iKiK.xns. Edited by E. Q. BAND-
FORD, Arohde*Oonol Exeter. With Photogravure
and other Illustrations. Jm 2 vols. Hvo, 'M>«. net.
LORD RANDOLPH
CHURCHILL.
By WINMON SPENCER CHURCHILL, M.P.
With Portraits. In 2 vols, di-my Bvo, 3fw. net.
HENRY SIDGWICK: a Memoir.
By A. S. and E. II S. With Portraits, 8vo,
12*. 6d net
WESTMINSTER GAZETTE- ■" A journal intim* of
profound Interest, presented with the utmost skill and
discretion bj the two biographers."
THE LIFE OF JOHN WESLEY.
By Prof. C. T. WINCHESTER. With Portraits,
6s. 6d. net.
NERO.
By STEPHEN PHILLIPS. Crown 8vo, 4s. 6d. net.
* ■ — ■ —
SECOND PART NOW READY.
THE DYNASTS.
A Drama of the Napoleonic Wars, in 3 Parts, 19
Acts, 130 Scenes. By THOMAS HARDY. Part
Second. Crown 8vo, 4s. 6d. net.
*«* Previously published, Part I. 4s. Qd. net,
GUARD J AX. — " Unquestionably an exceedingly remark-
able and powerful piece of work, as full of ideality as it is
of storm and stress, and it is impossible not.to delight in the
consummate artistic skill with which the pbet has treated
the most striking episodes of the great war."
NEW BOOK BY THE AUTHOR OF
' THE SOUL OF A PEOPLE.'
A PEOPLE AT SCHOOL.
By H. FIELDING HALL. 8vo, 10s. net.
DAILY CHRONICLE— "Vox completeness of know-
ledge, sympathetic insight, kindly humour, and vivacity of
style it is unique of its kind, and we may safely say that no
better book has ever been written about Burma."
MEDIAEVAL RHODESIA.
By DAVID RANDALL-MACIVER, M. A. F.R.G.S.
Fully illustrated. Demy 4to, 20s. net.
EVERSLEY SERIES.— New Vols.
BRIEF LITERARY
CRITICISMS.
By the late RICHARD HOLT HUTTON. Selected
from the Spectator, and Edited by his Niece,
ELIZABETH M. ROSCOE. With Portrait.
Globe 8vo, 4s. net.
A MEM0IR0F JANE AUSTEN.
By her Nephew, J. E. AUSTEN LEIGH. To
which is added ' Lady Susan,' and Fragments of
two other Unfinished Tales by Miss Austen.
Globe 8vo, 4s. net.
VOL. III. COMPLETING THE WORK.
DICTIONARY OF
PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY.
Written by many hands and Edited by Prof. J. M.
BALDWIN, Ph.D., &c. Vol. III. In 2 Parts.
Imperial 8vo, 42k net.
*„* Previously published, Vols. I. and II.
21s. net each.
HURST & BLACKETT'S
NEW HOOKS.
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd, London.
In 1 vol. royal 8vo, with numerous Illustrations
from Photographs taken eapeoiaUj for this Wjk,
price 21*. net.
P0RFIRI0 DIAZ,
Seven Times President of Mexico.
By Mrs. ALEC TWEEDIE,
Author of ' Mexico as I saw it,' &c.
AN ART BOOK FOR ALL TIME.
ORDINARY EDITION, 1 vol. demy 4to, cloth,
gilt top, price 21. 2s. net.
Containing 41 Full-Page Illustrations in
Colour and 36 in Black and White.
THE FIRST CENT0RY OF
ENGLISH PORCELAIN,
1744-1850.
By W. MOORE BINNS,
Director of Furnivals, Limited, and late Art
Director of the Royal Porcelain Works, Worcester.
A BOOK OF PERSONAL REMINISCENCES.
Ready March 29, in 1 vol. crown 8vo, with
numerous Illustrations, price 6s. net.
SIX YEARS AT THE
RUSSIAN COURT.
By M. EAGAR.
THE LATEST AND BEST
SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
THE BLACK CUIRASSIER.
By PHILIP STEVENSON,
Author of ' A Gendarme of the King.'
[Ready March 29.
JIMMY QUIXOTE.
By TOM GALLON,
Author of ' Tatter ley,' &c.
THE TRIUMPHS OF EUGENE
VALM0NT.
By ROBERT BARR,
Author of 'A Prince of Good Fellows,' kc.
JENNIFER P0NTEFRACTE.
By ALICE and CLAUDE ASKEW,
Authors of 'Shulamite,' ' Anna of the Plains,' &e.
UNDER THE ARCH OF LIFE.
By LADY HENRY SOMERSET.
THE WHITE HAND.
By CARL JOUBERT,
Author of ' Russia As It Really Is,' &c.
THE DRAKEST0NE.
By OLIVER ONIONS,
Author 6f 'The Odd-Job Man,' &c.
IN SILENCE.
By Mrs. FRED REYNOLDS,
Author of ' A Quaker Wooing,' &c.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
FOR CONTINENTAL TRAVEL
READ UENT8
MEDIAEVAL TOWNS SERIES.
An tx<<
containing nutneroua Ma]
VntiooM by ' be heat Ai
ductioir of fuiuo
,• I; k • |/ ■ V et «lse,
rpUna. and Jlluv
T). - -ASS1SI, C0NSTAN-
TIN0PLE, MOSCOW. NUREMBERG
PERUGIA, PRAGUE, TOLEDO.
(loth, :u. M, Ml | lattMr, 4- M
Also: BRUGES, CAIRO, CAMBRIDGE,
CHARTRES, EDINBURGH, FLORENCE,
FERRARA. LONDON, ROME. ROUEN,
SIENA, SEVILLE, VERONA, VENICE.
cloth, it orf. net ; l alter, r.». 6<(. net.
"Treated with a wealth of varied knowledge which it
would lie difficult, to praise too highly. "— WvrVI.
" [hdiapeaaable to those about to travel . . Interesting to
those who stay at home." — Punch.
PARIS. Ready shortly. Cloth, 4s. 6d. net*
leather,
M. net.
PRIME MINISTERS OF ENGLAND.
Edited by STUART J. REI1).
LATEST VOLUME. Crown Svo, Be, O'. net.
LORD R0SEBERY.
By S. H. JEY1
Cloth, with Photogravure Front.
"An able and illuminative book." — Guardian.
"An excellent narrative. .. .and a careful delineation of
character. " — Sta nciard.
Previous Volumes :— B EAC0NSFIELD,
ABERDEEN, MELBOURNE, PEEL, GLAD-
STONE, SALISBURY, PALMERST0N
DERBY, RUSSELL.
It is generally recognized that the French know more
about Morocco than any other nation, and the quintessence
of that knowledge is to be found in that excellent book
MOROCCO OF TO-DAY.
By EUGENE AUBIN.
A translation from the French of a book crowned last year
by the French Academy. Price 6*. net. With 2 Mips.
THE CHRIST OF ENGLISH
POETRY.
By C. W. STUBBS, Dean of Ely.
Being the Hulsean Lectures delivered before the University
of Cambridge, 1905, dealing with Cynewulf, Langland,
Shakespeare, and Browning, and showing how the "con-
ception of Christ's Personality has been Drought home to
the English people at four representative periods."
Royal Svo, buckram, 6*. net.
ENGLISH MEN OF SCIENCE.
Edited by Dr. J. REYNOLDS GREEN.
A New Series dealing with the Lives and Works of English
Men of Science.
FIRST VOU'MK.
HERBERT SPENCER.
By J. ARTHUR THOMSON, MA.
With Photogravure Front ispiece, 9t M. net.
READY ON APK1L 0.
THE SECOND FIFTY VOLUMES
OF
EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY.
Edited by ERNEST BHTB.
Cloth, U, net ; leather, It, net.
" A collection of all the great permanent works of English
1 i tera t u re. "— Spta ke r.
"An astonishingly comprehensive series.... of notable
works of i'mtv variety."— World.
PLEASE WRITE FOR FULL LIST.
COMPLETE AND UNABRIDdl.P
ROMANCES OF DUMAS.
Being Dent's 60 Volume Edition, entirely rearranged, but
Complete and Unabridged, with all the Original Dhjirtra-
tions, now reissued in -is Volumes. Two Volumes per Month.
Crown Svo. cloth, 2s. Cxi. net per volume.
FULL DESCRIPTIVE LISTS on application to
J. M. DENT & CO. 29 and 30, Bedford Street, W.C.
N°4091, March 24, 1906
m —
THE ATHENAEUM
351
SATURDAY, MARCH 24, 1906.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Memoirs of Archwshop Temple 351
Two Victoria County Histories 352
The New English Dictionary 353
The Progress ok the Press 355
New Novels (Brownjohn's ; The Misses Make-
Believe ; The Threshing Floor ; The Lapse of
Vivien Eady ; Victory ; The Poison of Tongues ;
Blue Jay ; The Red Seal) 356—357
Scottish Books 357
Our Library Table (Browning's Letters to Domett;
Western Culture in Eastern Lands ; Two Books
on "Port Arthur"; Thackerayana ; The Princess
des Ursina in Spain ; Baudelaire's Poems in
Prose ; Dod and Debrett's House of Commons ;
The Progress of Poesy ; God and the Bible ;
Bausteine) 358—360
List of New Books 360
Notes from Oxford ; Destruction of the Villa
of Santa Petronilla ; The Spring Publish-
ing Season 360—361
Literary Gossip .-362
Science— Metchnikokf on Immunity in Infectious
Diseases ; Cloud Studies ; Flammarion on
Thunder and Lightning; Rothamsted Ex-
periments; The shape of Electrons and the
Maxwellian Theory; Research Notes; Dr.
Le Bon's Theories of Matter; Societies;
Meetings Next Week ; Gossip .. .. 363—368
Fine Auts — The Work of Charles Furse ;
London, and Some Engravings by Masters ;
Sale; Gossip 369—370
Music — Tenth Broadwood Concert ; Herr
Bauer's Pianoforte Recital ; Dr. Lier-
iiammer's Song Recital; Gossip; Perform-
ances Next Week 370—371
Drama— The IIeir-at-Law ; Measure for Measure ;
Gossip 371—372
Index to Advertisers 372
LITERATURE
Memoirs of Archbishop Temple. By Seven
Friends. Edited by E. G. Sandford.
2 vols. (Macmillan & Co.)
The old classical paradox that a half is
better than the whole was clearly prescient
of modern literature in at least one depart-
ment. Of the bulky biographies edited
during the last thirty years there are few
indeed which would not profit by com-
pression into a single volume ; and the
indictment applies with force to this life
of Frederick Temple. It is divided into
seven parts, apportioned among seven
writers — the editor, himself one of the
seven, contributing at the end of the
volumes a lengthy compendium of the
whole. We read the life from cradle to
grave ; then out of the Archbishop's
death-bed starts up once more, emergent
like the bleating lamb from Medea's
cauldron, the Devonshire child and school-
boy whom we had long ago left behind.
Further, unless compounded expressly for
clerical consumption, the book lacks
proportion. Temple was much more than
a bishop : his forty years of Blundell's
School, Balliol, Kneller Hall, Rugby, are
certainly not less edifying than his remain-
ing thirty years in Exeter, London, Canter-
bury : yet out of 1,320 pages nearly 900
are given to the bishop, under 500 to the
schoolboy, undergraduate, college Fellow,
and head master. Lastly, throughout the
hook are scattered obvious redundancies,
such as the confused opening genea-
logy and the excursion into Exonian
<';it.hedral antiquities; while sermons,
like speeches, however effective as de-
livered, are apt to become unreadable
when stale. These drawbacks will affect
the hasty — that is, the ordinary — reader ;
the practised student of biographies,
knowing where to skip and where to
linger, will be rewarded by intimate
acquaintance with a man great and noble,
wise and strong, and above all things
genuine and real.
The highly interesting photograph which
forms the frontispiece rightly places
Temple's mother in the forefront of his
history ; for to her alone was due the
formation of his moral, intellectual, and
religious character. Her discipline was
so judicious that her children seem never
to have felt the possibility of being other
than obedient ; her " Don't argue, Freddy;
do your work," recurred to him long after-
wards as a saving maxim under great
mental stress. Knowing not a word
of Latin, she taught him his Eton
grammar from the first page to the last ;
a bad arithmetician, she took him, with
the aid of a key, through the whole of
Bonnycastle ; the same with Euclid and
with algebra, intelligence in each case
following upon memory. To have no
fear, and to be uniformly courteous in
family intercourse, were absolute rules
of the domestic life. Their table was of
necessity frugal, dry bread the staple
food. They were trained to manual
labour, the boys working in fields and
garden, the girls in kitchen and dairy.
Temple often boasted that he could smite
the stubborn glebe with a furrow as
straight as any ploughman ; and the
delightful story of his cleaning out a
pigsty from which a fastidious student
shrank at Kneller Hall, current in our
own time at Rugby, is here repeated and
confirmed. So Blundell's School received
at twelve years old a very unusual boy,
who risked obloquy and blows by " fag-
ging " at his books, rose rapidly to the
top, and became at seventeen a Blundell
Scholar of Balliol. He found himself
amongst a brilliant set : Clough (whom
of all men through life he most admired),
Coleridge, Palgrave, Northcote, Lingen,
Matthew Arnold, Jowett ; the tutors
Tait, Robert Scott, Ward. He lived with
strictest economy, never in the coldest
weather lighting a fire in his rooms ; but
his reading by the light of the oil lamp
on his staircase smacks of myth ; the
evidence of the lamp itself, shown long
after as a curiosity, must rank, we fear,
with the " bricks in my father's chimney "
adduced by Smith the weaver as evidence
of Jack Cade's parentage. His refusal
of all wine parties and of subscription to
college sports was at first resented ; but
when it was whispered about that the
big jovial junior was stinting himself in
order that he might save out of his various
small exhibitions 201. a year for his
widowed mother, the generous under-
graduate heart warmed to him with
every token of admiration and regard.
It was the crisis of the " Oxford Move-
ment " ; its protagonist at Balliol was
Ward, whose crushing logical insistency
perverted Clough, impelled Newman,
baffled Tait, and deeply influenced Temple.
Swept into the ferment of theological
uncertainty which was ousting scholarship
and science in the University, Temple
told his anxieties to his mother ; her quiet
response that he should avoid all discussion
and think only of his books gave him
timely help : he turned from Church
reforms, the via media, and Tract XC.
to the stern requirements of the Schools :
" his work could not be done if before
beginning it he must look behind every
door and curtain." Already his power
of work was enormous : to his books
mathematical and classical he gives eleven
hours a day ; learns German besides ;
translates Italian works to help Jowett
in his prize essay ; finds time to take a
pupil ; devours Carlyle, Coleridge, Words-
worth ; masters in six months — we read
with something of a shudder — the four
folio volumes of La Place's ' Mecanique
Celeste.' To his extraordinary mathe-
matical attainments Archdeacon Wilson,
a Senior Wrangler and his Rugby colleague,
bears testimony, recording his analytical
dexterity, swift insight into the essence
of a problem, and extraordinary power
of visualizing space relations and numbers.
For the logic of the Oxford manuals he
had a great contempt, but in the Schools
was said to know more about the subject
than his examiner. Matthew Arnold,
getting leave at the last moment to take
up logic for his Little-go instead of Euclid,
which he could never master, went,
entirely ignorant, to ask Temple's help
the day before the Schools. They sat
together from 9 a.m. till 2 a.m., seventeen
hours, with two intervals of half an hour
each for meals — Temple talking all the
time, Arnold lying back in his chair to
listen. At 2 o'clock Temple sent him
away to get some sleep ; he went in at
10 o'clock, and answered every question.
Grant Duff in his ' Diary ' records that
Jebb asked Temple if the tale was true,
and Temple answered that it was. He
stood second for the Ireland, obtained
his double first, dons and undergraduates
crowding to hear his viva voce, and after
a few years as Balliol Tutor entered on
nine years of work in the Education Office.
For a time he was Principal of Kneller
Hall, a Government institution for train-
ing teachers to serve in workhouse schools,
which collapsed through no fault of his ;
he became Inspector of Training Colleges,
gave evidence before the Oxford Uni-
versity Commission, and was actively
concerned with Acland and Canon
Brereton in establishing the Oxford Local
Examinations, until in 1857 ho became
head master of Rugby.
Temple found Rugby " in the trough
of the wave." The Arnold traditions
were dying out ; discipline had become
lax ; the school was only saved by the
admirable assistant masters, ' Tom "
Evans, Bradley, and Benson, who had
learnt to sway their several departments
like the independent vassals of a feudal
monarch. Ho came an Arnold Redivivus,
distrusted at first by the boys, who feared
from his reforming energy the extinction
of their cherished ahsurdities and inherited
" rights," and were startled by the con-
trast between Goulburn, placid, pompous,
352
THE ATHEN^UM
NM091, March 24, 1906
•ooked, with affected, tinkling, mono-
syllabic utterance, and his successor's
wide shirt -front, reaping voice, martial
Ftrid.-. and elastic spring as he boonded
up the library stops. But, says .Mr.
H Lee Warner in his admirable sketch,
*• ire soon found that we had to do with
n strong ami humorous man. absolutely
fair and simple in method, a- penetrating
as truth itself in judgment " ; and when
the rumour spread that the new head
master could walk eighteen miles in three
hours, and had surreptitiously climbed
all the elm tires in the CSOBC, " hero
worship BOOD set in." He was a great
instructor if you chose to learn, not other-
\vi»e ; his forte in teaching was analysis.
He revealed and unified the subject-matter
of each lesson, taught boys to teach them-
selves, broadened their intellectual interest
into regions of patriotism, of sociology, of
politics on their higher, wider side ; showed
them how to study both sides of every
question, to attain a fair conclusion, and
hold steadfastly to the conviction thus
evolved.
An entire chapter is devoted to his ser-
mons : to him, as to Arnold, the chapel
pulpit was the most powerful engine
in a master's hands ; and to one
who was reconstructing an ancient gram-
mar school forty years ago, he said, " If
I were making a school, I would create
the chapel first of all." His sermons
were not rhetorical or literary — not, as
we read them, eloquent ; but in them
were condensed the whole force of his
nature, the whole depth of his usually
reserved religious feeling : in their delivery
the rough voice softened, tears often rolled
down the cheeks. And the boys drank
in each brief discourse as a message by
which they were to live till the next
Sunday should come round : any old
Rugbeian, asked to-day to name the most
characteristic feature of his life under the
Temple reign, will answer, " The chapel
sermons."
Why did he leave Rugby after a reign
of only twelve years ? Why exchange
the freedom, independence, animating
environment of a great head master, for
the chains which, however gilded, must
shackle an Anglican bishop ? That it
should be thought necessary to defend,
as does his biographer, a proceeding so
usual as the acceptance of a bishopric by
a schoolmaster, shows how high a pinnacle
he occupied in the estimation of his time ;
there is no doubt that by Englishmen
generally the step was regarded as some-
thing of a descent : outside his new
diocese he was not quite the man he had
been before. But apron and gaiters did
not change him, and the power which
had restored Rugby soon renovated
Exeter. His predecessor, a slashing con-
troversialist and stern disciplinarian, had
governed by system and by fear ; the
widely felt irritation which his rule inspired
found expression in a famous Edinburgh
Review article from the pen of one of his
leading clergy. For machinery Temple
substituted life ; into sy-tein he infused
the spirit of service. Confident in his
own magnetic power, he made it his first
policy to know and to l»e known. Con-
firmation tours were arranged to cover in
succession all parts of the unwieldy dio.
Not only the populous centres, hut also
small towns and villages, thinly inhabited
moors and scattered tors, whose primitive
tenants had never seen a bishop, faced the
virile personality, recognized the West-
( ountry burr, heard the pleadings, passion-
ate and often tearful, which awoke
BpirituaJ consciousness and stirred re-
generating resolve. Laymen bowed before
a leader who could lead ; Dissenters saw
a new Wesley in their midst ; farmers
were subjugated by the strong man who
had himself followed the plough ; clergy,
who at first looked distrustfully upon a
bishop banned by a clerical Convocation,
were shamed, then won, into acceptance
and imitation. " Every clergyman," said
Dean Cowie after some years had passed,
" is doing twice as much as he did before,
and they all say it is your doing " ; he had
not set himself to gain them, but inevitably
he gained them, because from the first he
came to serve.
He remained at Exeter fifteen years :
set diocesan life flowing from the heart
to the furthest capillaries ; restored the
cathedral ; created the bishopric of Corn-
wall, and saw an old Rugby colleague
there enthroned ; while an adored and
adoring wife converted the rebuilt Exeter
palace from a hive into a home. He moved
to London in 1885, wishing that the pro-
motion had come two years earlier — the
universal sorrow at his departure reviving
in us as we read a doubt frequently ex-
pressed, whether the translation of an
approved and popular prelate, except to
one of the Primacies, is not in all cases a
mistake.
The bishop whom he succeeded in
London had died rejoicing that he left
his diocese "in amity and peace." It is
possible to purchase peace by inactivity
and acquiescence ; a man so angular and
terribly in earnest as Temple was likely
to bring not peace, but a sword. Straight-
forward and undiplomatic, he offended
the clergy at starting by his peremptory
mandate to the rural deans ; brusquely
set aside Walsham How's plea to be
independent in East London ; strode into
the heart of his work, treading often on
the toes of men more sensitive than were
the comparatively Boeotian clergy whom
he had left behind in Devonshire. Heroes
built like him, " temples without polished
corners," come amongst us as his Master
came, fit Kpia-iv, to test capacity of dis-
cernment, to attract nobleness, repel
superficiality and pettiness. Men priggish,
or self-complacent, or languid, or unreal,
disliked him cordially ; the House of
Lords, his biographer tells us, never to
the last accepted him ; men high-minded,
genuine, spiritually akin, found him out
and were drawn to him at oik c Dr. Core
gloried in receiving from him a not ill-
merited snub. "We have a mat} here,"
said Capri Cure, listening to his somewhat
stern repulse of irrelevant clerical criticism :
" If he sometimes treated us like school-
boys," said another, " we deserved it, and
were all the better for being back in school
aj:ain." Here, as at Exeter and later at
Canterbury, he Htirred the diocese from
end to end ; impressed alike on clergy and
on laity the ancient monkish gosjH-1,
" Laborare est orare " ; bequeathed to
all with whom he came in touch a memory
of spiritual and moral grandeur, not
without the lesson, for those who care to
receive it, that science, massive learn-
ing, and resolute intellectual independence
may not only OOQSist with, but also SUSteJBl
rock-rooted and explicit faith.
THE VICTORIA COUNTY HISTORIES.
Sussex. Vol. I. — Durham. Vol. I. Edited
by W. Page, F.S.A. (Constable & Co.)
As the volumes of this great scheme con-
tinue to multiply, two of very recent
Csue — the first for the respective counties
of Sussex and Durham — may be taken
together, though these two districts of
the south and north of England have'not
much in common, except a considerable
stretch of seaboard. ■«,
Those who are interested in botany
will find rather remarkable contrasts in
the flora of the two counties, as might
naturally be expected. Mr. M. C. Potter
writes on Durham, and the Rev. F. H.
Arnold on Sussex. Both essays are
excellent of their kind, and each writer
follows the plan of dividing the county
into botanical districts (clearly shown on
special maps) formed by the different
river-basins. Durham has three such
basin districts, those of the Derwent, the
Wear, and the Tees. Sussex has no
fewer than seven of these river basins,
namely, the West Rother, the Arun, the
Adur, the Ouse, the Cuckmere, the East
Rother, and the Medway.
From an ornithologist's point of view
the county of Durham is hopelessly handi-
capped by the collieries and thickly
populated manufacturing districts which
cover two-thirds of its extent. Little
attraction, and certainly little protection,
is left on the coast for passing sea-fowl,
though Canon Tristram quotes a tanta-
lizing extract from a 1670 MS. descriptive
of the Tees estuary of those days. We
read that
"the sbore lyes flatt, where a ehelf of sand,
raised above the highe water marke, enter-
taines an infinite number of sea-fowle, which
lay theyr EgK('s heerr and there, srattrringlie
in such sorte, that in Tyme of Breedings,
one can hardly sett his foote bo warylva
that lie Bpoyle not many of theyr nests."
In the meadow land and moorland of
West Durham the conditions are far more
favourable, and bird life for the most
part is still very much what it must have
been in past centuries, except that in the
case of all raptorial birds the glory is
departed. Blackgame are said to be
very much diminished in recent years,
owing to the indiscriminate shooting of
the hen birds by unsporting game tenants.
'anon Tristram adds further testimony to
the usefulness of the beautiful and much-
persecuted kestrel. He once encountered
a keeper who, having just shot a kestrel,
N*4091, March 24, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
353
asserted that its crop was full of young
partridges ; on being opened, however,
it was found to contain 127 wire- worms !
The astonishing decrease of swallows and
house-martins is lamentable reading, and
Canon Tristram is justly indignant at
the way in which that delightful
bird the swift has been ruthlessly
driven from its ancient breeding-holes
in the towers of Durham Cathedral.
The comparative sanctuary afforded by
the " Banks " of the city renders possible
the appearance there of such species as
the tawny owl, pied flycatcher, tree
sparrow, redstart, white wagtail, and
stockdove. The last-named nest in drains,
which they enter by narrow gurgoyles ;
in one case the eggs were laid immediately
under a grating in a walk of the monks'
garden, and washed out by a thunder
shower. The black redstart, which occurs
in the South as a scarce but regular winter
visitor, has been observed only in the
summer in this county ; and a locally taken
nest of this species, with both parents,
is in the Durham Museum. The hawfinch
and the crossbill are now nesting in con-
siderable numbers in certain localities.
The starling is said to have increased
enormously of late years. Of the
woodpeckers, the lesser spotted wood-
pecker is unknown, and the other two
species are only occasionally met ; the
wryneck and the nuthatch are of the
rarest occurrence.
An interesting reference is made to the
extinct great auk, remains of which were
discovered in 1878, along with human
bones and those of many other animals,
in a cave in the face of the Whitburn
Lizards.
To a student of bird migration the
bare facts regarding the movements of the
redwing, as given by Canon Tristram, are
somewhat puzzling. " In mild seasons,"
we are told, " it generally disappears till
the beginning of spring, while in severe
winters many remain only to succumb to
a long frost." We hardly understand
what deduction we are to make from such
an observation. Fieldfares, on the other
hand, would seem to be more orthodox in
their appearances. The scarcity of local
names is to be regretted.
The story of the Sussex birds is told by
Mr. J. G. Millais. The county can boast
of a long list, which owes much of its
length to the unique position of its coast
line as the first landing-place of the summer
immigrants. But there is much to deplore ;
for at no great distance in the past the
avocet, the bearded tit, the ruff, the
bittern, the chough, and the great bustard
all bred within the bounds of Sussex.
Blackgame, too, cannot be said to be
resident since 1860 ; recent attempts
to reintroduce them by importation have
proved failures here, as elsewhere. The
list of 302 species is swollen by the inclu-
sion of many rare stragglers, particularly
among the pipits, the buntings, and the
warblers.
From internal evidence it is clear that
Mr. Millais's account was completed some
little time ago ; for during the last three
years there have been many events
of note among the avifauna of Sussex,
none of which is recorded in this article.
For instance, within this period the
peregrine falcon has made a welcome
appearance as a breeding species in the
cliffs to the east of Hastings, where special
protection has been accorded to it. This
is, indeed, most necessary, for the locality
boasts an unusually large number of
" scientific " destroyers of bird life ;
witness the scores of marsh tits that have
been slaughtered, with the object of
accumulating instances of the so-called
willow tit ! We note that Mr. Millais
refuses to recognize the " willow tit "
as a new species, although his remarks
by no means exhaust the arguments on
this debated question. The glossy ibis
is said here to have occurred only three
times in Sussex ; but recently (in the
autumn of 1903, to the best of our recol-
lection) there was a remarkable irruption
of this species along the coast of Sussex
and other counties, and many specimens
were shot. It is also a pity that there is
no mention in this article, which ought
to have been up to date, of two very fine
specimens of the kite which were killed
in the neighbourhood of Battle, within a
few weeks of each other — a most shameful
act, which we believe has not hitherto
been recorded in print. Among a few
other errors it may be noted that the
Kentish plover does not breed, even
occasionally, in the neighbourhood of
Rye Harbour and Winchelsea. The local
bird-names are not so numerous as they
should have been : but there are a few
good ones, such as " spider-diver " for
the dabchick, " olive " for the oyster-
catcher, and " galley bird " for the green
woodpecker. An important omission is
" grey-bird " for the song-thrush ; whilst
the moorhen of Sussex is always locally
known as the " dabchick."
The lists of fish, and the very brief
accompanying particulars, are of distinct
interest in each case. It is well known
that salmon are found in fair quantities in
the Tyne and the Tees, and more rarely
in the Wear ; but it will be news to many
that salmon are occasionally sent to
Brighton fishmongers from the lower part
of the Sussex Ouse. Lamprey, both sea
and river, are among the fish now and
again caught in or off the northern county,
and so, too, are great sturgeon ; but both
these species were far more abundant
in mediaeval days, when they frequently
made their appearance on the tables of
the monks and their guests at the great
Benedictine priory of Durham.
That veteran antiquary Canon Greenwell
is responsible for the brief monograph on
' Early Man ' for the county of Durham,
and Mr. George Clinch for the like article
of the southern county. Mr. Clinch also
writes on the ' Ancient Earthworks ' of
Sussex, whilst Mr. Chalkley Gould does
the same for Durham. These records of
earthworks, with their full accompaniment
of plans, are among the best features of
this " Victoria County History."
The especial feature of the Sussex
volume, in the historic sense, is the intro-
duction to the local part of the Domesday
Survey by Mr. Round, with the assistance
of Mr. Salzmann, who has also supplied a
new and careful translation of the text.
The five rapes of Sussex, each held by a
single tenant-in-chief, are exceptional
divisions, which bear witness to the fact
that this county was, in its origin, a com-
plete and self-contained kingdom ; no
parallel can be found for either the term
" rape," or for its local government, else-
where in England or in Normandy.
Another remarkable feature of the Sussex
survey is the existence of pre-Conquesfe
manors, a subject which is adequately
discussed. The arable land of this little
kingdom is reckoned in the survey by
plough-teams, each team consisting of
eight oxen. It will be news to many who
know rural England fairly well to learn
that " on the Sussex Downs the plough-
team of magnificent black oxen is still a
common and most picturesque sight."
It is astonishing to find the particular
and interesting information that can be
gleaned from the apparently dry entries
of Domesday, when they are analyzed and
sifted by expert scholars. The keeping of
swine in the woods ; the collecting of
honey from the swarms of wild bees ; the
value of the numerous water-mills, of
which Earl Roger held seventy-three ;
the rents in kind from fisheries, particu-
larly in eels ; the toll of 38,500 herrings
to the Abbey of Hide ; a composition for
porpoises (marsuins, or sea-pigs) ; the
income from numerous saltpans ; the
iron mine in the hundred of East Grin-
stead ; and the quarry for millstones at
Bignor, are among the multitudinous facts
here put on record, which help to portray
vividly the social life of South-East Eng-
land under the'early sway of the Normans.
Another valuable section of this Domesday
introduction is the account of the groups
of settlers from Normandy that were
established in Sussex, the magnates bestow-
ing lands upon their own knights. In
short, this section, in the hands of Mr.
Round and Mr. Salzmann, is of sufficient
moment to demand — if space permitted
— an independent appreciative criticism
to itself.
Durham has no place in the Domesday
Survey, but the record known as ' Boldon
Book ' affords the elements of a picture
of the social and economic conditions of
the bishopric of Durham at the end of the
twelfth century. This notable report as
to the conditions of a great estate has been
newly translated by Dr. G. T. Lapsley,
who also supplies an excellent introduction.
Another fine feature of the initial
volume of the Durham history is the
thorough account of 'The Contents of
St. Cuthbert's Shrine,' which is superbly
illustrated.
A New English Dictionary. Edited by
J. A. H. Murray, H. Bradley, and W.
Craigie. — Pennage — Pfennig. (Vol. VII.)
By J. A. H. Murray.— Reign — Reserve.
(Vol. VIII.) By W. A. Craigie.
(Oxford, Clarendon Press.)
A CHANOB in editorial arrangements,
effected by a handsome donation from
3o4
T II E ATHENAEUM
NMOOl, March 24, 1906
the Goldsmiths' Company, will result in
the letters M and N being completed about
the same time, and accordingly in an
earlier removal of the lacuna before P by
the completion of vol. vi., L— N, probably
about the time that vol. vii., 0, P, is
finished. It is to be hoped that when
seren-tenths of the great work without
a break shall be available for use, and
far less than three-tenths, even now " in
active preparation," remaining to be
issued, the number of subscribers will
be very considerably augmented. The
double section before us, completing the
first half of vol. vii., contains more than
three thousand words and combinations,
of which many are important ; while those
articles in which the " derivation and
history are more accurately treated than
heretofore " are too numerous to specify.
Among the common words of interest are
" penny " with its compounds, " pen-
sion," M people," " person," " petticoat,"
" petty " with its compounds, and " pew-
ter." Heywood, 1546, is quoted for " a
pennj7 for your thought " ; Ravenscroft,
1695, for " A penny sav'd is a penny
got " and M In for a penny, in for a pound " ;
■ Mr. Lowndes, the famous Secretary of
the Treasury. . . .used to say [before 1724]
' take care of the pence, and the pounds
will take care of themselves.' " Under
* Pennywort ' Hydrocotyle vulgaris is called
" marsh pennywort," but Macgillivray's
" marsh pennv, white-rot " (fourth ed.,
Withering's 'British Plants,' 1837), and
references to " penny-leaf," " penny-
grass," and " penny-rot," are omitted ;
while under ' Penny-grass ' there should
be a reference to the quotation from
Gerarde printed under ' Penny-rot.' Top-
sell, 1607, is the earliest authority for
" penny-wise and pound-foolish." Under
' Pennyroyal ' the short o of the Latin
diminutive type " pulegiolum " is marked
as long. Instances of " pent-up " air
(1713) and emotion (1879) are given, so
that Dickens's report of the elder of the
York sisters, " Her pent-up tears made
wav" (1838), and H. Reed's of Milton
(' British Poets,' lect. vi., 1841), " Now
and then the pent-up fire of his imagina-
tion burst out in a strain of prose which
is poetry in all but poetry's metrical
music," would have been welcome. For
" penteconter," a ship with fifty oars,
the earliest authority given is Thirlwjfll,
' Greece ' (1838) ; though Mitford, ' Greece '
(1790, vol. ii. ch. viii. sect. 4), tells us
that the Greek fleet "consisted of....
trireme galleys, with a few of those
smaller vessels called penteconters," thus
correcting the definition " a ship of
burden with fifty oars." Arthur Gride's
face, which " expressed the most covetous
and griping penury," i.e. miserliness, would
be more interesting to the general reader
than a citation of Prof. Ellis's ' Catullus.'
To the last two instances of " perfection,"
with a and pi., dated 1667 and 1784,
might well have been added, 1838,
Dickens, " the manifold perfections of
Miss Nickleby." 1741, Hume, ' Essays,'
vol. ii. sec. xi., " What we imagine a
superior perfection, may really be a defect.
Or were it ever so much a perfection, the
ascribing it," &c, illustrates the section
including " comparative excellence." The
phrase " in perfection " seems to have as
much claim to treatment as '"to perfec-
tion." An eighteenth-century case of
" perfectly "=to the fullest extent, is
afforded by Patrick's 'Terence' (1767),
' Eun.,' IV. vi. 30, " Do you understand
me ? C. Yes, perfectly " ; while ib.,
1 And.,' I. ii. 27, illustrates the phrase —
only quoted from Defoe (1719) — " per-
fectly well," as does ' The Fudge Familv
in Paris' (1818), p. 131,
How perfectly well lie appear'd, Doll, to know
All the life and adventures of Jean Jacques
Rousseau !
There is no notice of " perfectly " = with
perfect propriety, as in Mr. Henry James's
book 'The Awkward Age,' Bk. VII.
chap. xxiv. p. 258 (1899), " Well, in that
case I would perfectly stay here without
him." Between two " perfect strangers "
(dated 1699 and 1878) Macaulay's " On
what Boswell quoted he would have com-
mented with perfect freedom " (' Essays,'
1 Bosw.') would have come in well. The
loose use of " pericranium " for the
entire head is ignored, though it occurs
in ' The Fudge Family,' p. 98,
Thus chopping, swopping head for head
With various pericraniums saddled,
At last I tried your lordship's on.
We find a nineteenth-century instance of
"period," 7, a point or stage of advance,
in Reed's fifth lecture, " The same year
in which it is supposed Shakspeare left
his native place for London was a period
in the national history of England."
Under ' Peripeteia ' ' The Frenzy of John
Dennis ' (1713) is quoted. This poor
satire contains a passage " 0
Destruction ! 0 Perdition ! Opera !
Opera ! " which might have filled a great
gap in the quotations for " perdition "
" in imprecations " and also a good
quotation for " peruke." The illustra-
tions of " perish," " Of things material,"
skip from 1533 to 1857, though Wyclif's
spelling of " the meat that perisheth,"
Bible, Authorized Version, is quoted in
the paragraph. An unprofessional use of
" perennial," sb., may be supplied from
H. K. F. Eden's 'J. H. Ewing,' who
wrote, " I do think the exchange of her-
baceous perennials one of the joj's of life."
Macaulay's essay on Addison (1843) would
have finished the illustrations of the form
" periwig " more effectively than the last
quotation given : " the Steenkirks and
flowing periwigs which surrounded Queen
Anne's tea-table at Hampton." Under
' Perjurator ' the form " Perjurors " is
quoted (1689), though it is not noticed
separately or under ' Perjurer,' where the
form " periurour " (1553) is quoted from
Bale. The quotations for " perjured " (of
persons) do not deal with the perjuries at
which Jove laughs, such as those of " per-
jured Doris " of Pope's ' Pastoral/ The
latest quotation for " perjured '^per-
jurious, is dated 1814 ; Reed (1841) gives
" perjured hypocrisy." Only the medical
sense of " pernicious " is illustrated after
1752, though under ' Pervert ' (vb.) J. S.
Mill is quoted for " opinions which we
regard as false and pernicious " ; while
Cowper, 'Task,1 Bk. IV., speaks of the
thief's " pernicious force." The expletive
use of this adjective by Dickens, ' N.
Nickleby,' chap, xxiv., " Pernicious snug,"
is ignored, so we are still in doubt whether
a play is quoted or whether the use of
" pestilent " suggested the phrase. The
figure " his perplexed expression of coun-
tenance " is neither explained nor illus-
trated. In 1807 Byron wrote of his
mother," my maternal persecutor" (Moore's
' Byron,' vol. i. p. 174). Political and general
secular " persecution " is so meagrely
illustrated that the translation of ' Cicero's
Orations ' (1741), vol. i. p. 4, " after long
persecution by the most abandoned Citi-
zens" is not to be despised. Grove (1866)
is quoted for " perseverance '^persist-
ence ; but Cowper had written
T" ensure the perseverance of his course,
Send him to college.
To " petition " gods is illustrated from
Shakspeare only ; but see Mitford, ' Greece,'
vol. ii. p. 34 (1790), " In addressing the
Deity it is forbidden to petition for bles
sings to themselves individually ; the
prayer must extend to the whole Persian
nation." Nearly a century before Short-
house, 1889, wrote " petit-maitre priest,"
Cowper, ' Task,' Bk. II. Argument, had
written " Petit - maitre parson." This
poem might have supphed an eighteenth-
century instance of " pestilence " used
figuratively, " Error that creeping pes-
tilence " (Bk. VI.).
Lexicographers cannot be expected to
solve problems which would puzzle com-
mentators, and we can imagine that Dr.
Murray deliberately and wisely rejected
Cowper's " squirrel flippant, pert, and full
of fun," because doctors might differ as to
whether he meant self-assertive or lively.
Virtually " pert " is two distinct words:
one from Latin apertus, meaning " open "
and later " of open countenance," " beauti-
ful," " smart" ; the other from expcrius,
meaning " expert " (the earliest use, thir-
teenth century), "clever" (fourteenth
century). These words are confused in
English " apert," but as the shortened
form " pert "=expert, seems earlier than
" apert " (which is held to be affected by
French aspert, espert), this M pert " may
be shortened directly from aspert, espert
(compare " cheat " from " escheat ").
The sense " self-assertive " may come
from " open," " laying oneself open,"
"thrusting oneself on view"; but it
may have come from the affectation and
self-assertion of some experts in arms,
poetiy, and other popular accomplish-
ments, in which case Dr. Murray's arrange-
ment is correct. His whole article is a
signal advance on all previous discussions
of this interesting word.
The dangers of obvious or popular ety-
mology are well exemplified by the dis-
turbance of the prima facie derivation of
" pettytoe," which is justified in the
following note : —
" Petitoe-toes, was in 17th c. taken by
some (e.g. Skinner, 1671) as = F. petite oie
(lit. 'little goose') the giblets of a goose,
which is thus given in Cotgrave : ' La petite,
oye, the giblets of a Goose ; also, the bellie,
and inwards or intralls, of other edible
N°4091, March 24, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
355
creatures.' The extended sense in the
second part of this definition is not mentioned
by Littre (who has a number of transferred
senses of a different kind), and it may really
have been an English extension, and may
show the actual way in which a word mean-
ing the giblets of a goose was extended to
the analogous parts cut off in dressing a pig
or other animal. Among these were the
feet, to which the pi. petitoes would seem
naturally to point, and to which it may
soon have been appropriated (cf. the quot.
from Florio 1598). But if this is the history,
it must have taken place within the space of
a generation, since the first example of ' a
pyges pettytoe ' is 1555, and pettytoes was
evidently applied to toes or feet by 1589.
It is to be noted that Cotgr. has also ' Petitose
[Fr.], the garbage of fowle (an old word) ' ;
but this is not given by Godefroy, and may
be some error. It may be worth inquiring
whether petitoe was not orig. a simple
adoption of O. It. petitto little, petty, small
(Florio), quasi ' petties,' petty items."
Mr. Craigie is probably glad of his
respite from words formed with the prefix
" re-", which, with a few exceptions, form
the contents of the double section he has
edited. There are a few obsolete words,
such as " reise," journey, inroad ; " reke,"
to hasten, go quickly ; " reme," Lat.
remus, oar ; " reme," to cry, shout ;
" renge," rank, row ; " renish," uncouth,
fierce ; " reose," fall (Middle English) ;
and " rese," rush, hurry, impulse (Saxon
cousin of Scandinavian rtis, whence Eng.
" race "). We find also a few Romance
words, such as " renable," reasonable ;
" republic," " rennet," reinette, a variety
of apple (from Fr. reine, queen) ; and
about two dozen alien words ; but all
together effect little variety in the multi-
tude of over 2,800 words.
There are a large number of important
words, and many which are interesting in
their sense-development ; e.g., " rein-
force," " reject " (vb.), " relate " (vb.),
" relation," " relief " (three nouns), " reli-
gion," " rely," " render " (vb.), " repair "
(two verbs), " repent," " represent," " re-
quire," and " resent."
The impersonal construction of " re-
joice " is not noticed, though, apparently
imitating the Scriptural " it repenteth
me," Byron wrote (Aug. 3rd, 1814), " It
rejoiceth me that you like ' Lara.' "
Separate illustrations of reflexive construc-
tion are generally supplied for each
distinct sense, but there is none for
" relieve," I. 1 a., while there is a gap
from 1719 to 1813, though Goldsmith,
' Good-natured Man ' (1768), Act I. sc. 1,
gives " The question now is how to relieve
yourself." The common modern phrase
" repent it," the pronoun referring to a
preceding clause, is not noticed under
" 4 trans.," though the last quotation
for the sense " to regret something not
inherently wrong " is 1821. Under 3 b
of the same article Macaulay's remark on
James's declaration of 1692 might well
have been inserted : " Not a word was to
be found indicating .... that he had
repented of a single error." The last
quotation for " remainder," 2 a," Those
still left out of a number of persons ; the
remaining ones ; the rest," is dated 1737 ;
but Moore, ' Byron,' hi. p. 76 (1832),
wrote, " Nor did we join the remainder
of our friends till supper." After 1784
Jowett's quotation " render evil for evil "
is the only instance of this sense of
" render," though it must have appeared
frequently in the last hundred and
twenty years. The construction " to
rent. . . .of," though ignored, is found in
Byron's letter of March 28th, 1814 :
" This night got into my new apartments,
rented of Lord Althorpe, on a lease of
seven vears." There is a gap from Pope,
1714, to Longfellow, 1858, under ' Reject,'
6 b, " Of a woman to refuse (a man) as
lover or husband."
Improvements in quotations are easy to
suggest with the excellent analysis and
arrangement of the ' Dictionary ' to refer
to ; but without such guidance the col-
lector of words has to choose between
gathering a multitude of excerpts of
which most are worthless, and conjec-
tural selection, which would probably
reject most of the useful material. In the
comparatively small number of cases
where the ' Dictionary ' does not supply
all that is wanted, it enables us to see
exactly what is wanted, and so goes
more than half way towards the supply
of deficiencies.
A cursory comparison with other English
dictionaries, including the ' Century,' serves
to show that in a large percentage of the
articles before us a great advance has
been achieved, either by more scientific
division and arrangement, or by the fuller
and more accurate presentation of the
history of words.
More than one-third of the 1,682 main
words are marked as obsolete, and a con-
siderable number of others are not likely
to be used any more, e.g., the consecutive
trio " rejumble," " rejunction," " reju-
venant." The last specimen, though not
marked rare, is only quoted from a daily
newspaper of 1889, and may have died
in infancy, for the great ' Dictionary ' is
a mortuary as well as an asylum.
A portion of the letter M from ' Matter '
is announced for April 1st.
Newspaper Press Directory, 1906. (Mitchell
&Co.)
Last year this valuable Directory cele-
brated its Diamond Jubilee, and each year
it seems to grow in vitality, for it keeps
well in touch with the rapid growth of the
press.
A remarkable feature of the past season
is that the cessations and amalgamations
in the daily press were exclusively among
evening papers. The Echo, the first half-
penny newspaper published in London, and
founded by Messrs. Cassell, Petter & Galpin
on December 8th, 1868, was discontinued;
and The St. James's Gazette was incorporated
with The Evening Standard, after its
purchase, together with The Standard,
by Mr. C. Arthur Pearson. Last year also
was the fiftieth anniversary of the free-
dom of the press from all taxation, and a
number of jubilees were celebrated, notably
those of The Daily Telegraph and The
Saturday Review.
Volumes might be written on the
history of newspapers. That veteran The
Stamford Mercury, founded in 1695, still
goes on vigorously. Our John Francis
used to delight in preparing statistics
showing the progress made. In 1824 the
number of papers for the United Kingdom
was 266 ; the entire issue of these for
the year he estimated at thirty millions.
In 1860 the newspapers published in
London alone were 177 ; his estimate of
the aggregate weekly issue was 2,284,600;
and the entire circulation for the United
Kingdom during the year he placed at
221,444,000. In 1874 he estimated that
the issue for the year had increased
to 650,000,000 the number of papers
being at that time 1,585. The
Directory informs us that there are now
in the United Kingdom 2,440 newspapers ;
of these, there are published in London
396 weekly and 34 daily, and it is in the
last that the most remarkable develop-
ments have occurred.
It was on the 20th of March, 1855,
that the first daily penny paper, The
Glasgow Daily News, was started by
James Henderson. This he did at the
risk of being prosecuted under the Com-
pulsory Stamp Act. Now there are 175
dailies published in Great Britain without
any restriction whatever. The enormous
strides made by the daily press in London
are shown by the fact that the sales each
day cannot be under three millions.
Among the evening papers, The Star has
been certified by chartered accountants
to have an average circulation of 327,000.
Of course, on the opening of Parliament or
any special occasion this number would
be far exceeded. The progress during the
past twenty years is shown by the fact
that the sale of 130,000 copies of The
Globe on the 24th of January, 1885, the
day of the dynamite explosions at the
House of Commons and the Tower, was
regarded as extraordinary. We believe
that Lloyd's Weekly News, founded in
1842, as regards circulation, may rightly
claim the largest numbers of any paper
in the world— 1,300,000.
With the large sales, increased prosperity
has come in the shape of advertisements,
and the daily receipts of the chief morn-
ing papers from this source must be nearly
five thousand pounds ; while the receipts
for sales from both morning and even-
ing papers approach a like amount.
Old traditions in the matter of setting
advertisements have been overthrown,
and The Times and other daily papers,
which were most conservative in this
respect, now display advertisements and
insert blocks. The first daily paper to
do this was The Daily Netvs, in 1869, at
the instigation of Mr. Josiah Harrington.
The result was considerable, although
there was a great outcry against it, and
it was long before the other dailies
followed suit, The Times having done so
within the last two or three years only.
The large amounts spent by advertisers
in the daily papers have caused a decrease
in the receipts of some of the weeklies.
One of the most popular recently announced
a diminution of 10,000/. last year from
866
THE ATII KNMUJM
N°4091, March 24, 1906
advertisements, although the circulation
had gone up.
The recent Huccesscs in starting daily
BMNH are in striking contrast to past
history, when most attempts met with
disastrous failure. The Morniiuj Star,
founded to ad\ orate the principle! of the
Mam theater School, was marged in The
Daily \<trs in 1N7<>, in consideration of a
sum of S,(KK)/. Then there was The Ihuj,
which lived for only six weeks ; another
attempt, Tkt Hour, founded in 1873,
expired in 187H. In those days there
were not the facilities for rapid distribution
that now exist. Thanks are due to Mr.
Lethbridge, at that time the manager of
Messrs. ■Smith & Son's, for the starting
in 1876 of newspaper trains. Although
it would be interesting to compare our
daily press with that of other countries,
our space does not admit of this ; but
we estimate the sale of the daily papers
in New York at 2,650,200 each day,
including The, Evening Journal, which
issues 700,000. Russia is notoriously
behind-hand in the circulation of its
newspapers.
The large profits now made by the daily
press are not derived solely from the
receipts, but are due in part to the very
low price of the cheaper sort of paper,
which is now being manufactured from
many kinds of material. Newspaper pro-
prietors may well rejoice that for some
time to come there will be no chance of a
reimposition of the paper duty, which
would add to the cost of paper consider-
ably more than the amount of the
duty imposed. Another cause for
the cheapness is that the export of
paper of English make to the colonies
and to India has been largely interfered
with by American manufacturers. This
is especially the case with South Africa.
Freight from America being cheaper,
the Americans have secured to a great
extent the trade.
The progress of the press outside London
is remarkable, and several of the principal
papers, such as The Liverpool Daily Post,
have their own private wires from their
London offices.
Our colonial press has also made rapid
advances of late years, and English adver-
tisers avail themselves of it to a con-
siderable extent, although the Americans
are ahead of their English competitors in
this respect.
The obituary notices in the Directory
include Sir Wemyss Reid, Sir John A.
Willox (Liverpool Courier), John Edward
Taylor (Manchester Guardian), F. B.
Grotrian (Hull Daily Mail), and John
Feeney (Birmingham Daily Post). Of the
first four excellent likenesses are given.
NEW NOVELS.
Broumjohrfs. By Mabel Dearmer. (Smith,
Elder & Co.)
Mrs. Dearmer has a fresh and pleasing
manner of writing of children, and the
two heroines of her new tale may really
lay as much claim to that title as the small
hoys with whom they share " Brown-
John's " lodgings. All four are equally
irresponsible, but it ii through a practical
joke of the boys that an attractive artist
also comes to lodge at Brownjohn's, and
Barbara Druminond is awakened to some
realization of the responsibilities of
womanhood. Tony and Robin are a
charming couple, both afflicted, in spite
of their mischievous proclivities, with
very tender consciences ; we seem to
remember them at an earlier stage of
their existence, in 'The Noisy Years.'
Mrs. Dearmer's pictures of village life
and her village characters are well drawn,
and there is considerable humour in the
embarrassing situation brought about by
the pranks of these young people. The
love-making which dignifies the book
with the title of novel is of a very
childlike description, but the main charm
of the story is to be found in its natural-
ness and simplicity.
The Misses Make - Believe. By Mary
Stuart Boyd. (Chapman & Hall.)
The chief merits of Mrs. Boyd's work
consist in the distinction and refinement
of her style and the unassuming sim-
plicity of her narrative. In her observa-
tions of human nature she also shows
a discriminating sense of humour,
which in this case is allowed full
play. The young ladies of the title,
after their father's death, endeavour,
on most inadequate means, to keep up
appearances in their smart little house in
" the right position," having to resort to
many petty shifts and vulgarities, and
living for the most part upon their capital.
Ultimately obliged to retire to a cottage
in Devonshire, they meet with some quaint
and illuminating experiences at the hands
of their neighbours, who are unimpressed
by their superior position. They
are both very natural and forgivable
young people. A doctor is on the whole
the most striking masculine character
which Mrs. Boyd has yet achieved, but
the girls' generous guardian and an un-
stable major are also good specimens of
their sex.
The Threshing Floor. By J. S. Fletcher.
(Fisher Unwin.)
In this novel we cannot help feeling that
Mr. Fletcher has been misled by his desire
for Titanic issues. He has set out to
conceive a tragedy, and the opening
chapters of the story give promise of
a fine drama. Unhappily, this is not
fulfilled in the subsequent execution, for
Mr. Fletcher has aimed a little higher
than he can quite compass. In conse-
quence the falling-off is the greater, since
it is unexpected, and even touches the
fringe of bathos. A similar complaint
was lodged against the conclusion of ' Tess
of the Durbervilles.' It is difficult work
plying among such tragic elements as are
here introduced. The Yorkshire family
of Challengers have inhabited Abbots-
holme since the dissolution of the monas-
taries, and upon one red-headed ancestor
lies the owse "f killing a holy man. It
has wrought th<- --low dissipation <>f that
ancient Mood, and is destined to bring
down the hOnae in storm. Yet there is
redemption for one turner that repentetis,
namely, BligU Challenger, the heroine, a
strong figure, handsome, self-willed, and
loose as a rake. In the Challenger house
no man was sober, and no woman virtuou-.
Yet, despite the rigour of Bri^it s portrait,
we refuse to believe in the melodramatic
entrance of her aunt, the London pro-
curess. Indeed, the defect of the tale is
that its crisis is not inevitable tragedy,
but contrived melodrama. It is well
stage-managed ; but we know it is not
true, as we know the repentance of Brigit
does not go down to the roots of human
emotion and human action. Mr. Fletcher
does not mince his words, and is frank in
a way which may startle some read'
If these fly in alarm from the rude passions
displayed on these Northern moors, they
may take refuge in the beauty of the
descriptions of the natural scenery, which
Mr. Fletcher evidently loves and under-
stands.
The Lapse of Vivien Eady. By Charles
Marriott. (Eveleigh Nash.)
Mr. Marriott's new novel is on different
lines from his Meredithian comedy
' Mrs. Alemere's Elopement.' This is a
far less sophisticated story, and should
find a much larger public. It is the sort
of story that Mr. Norris would have
delighted to tell — always with a little
more cynicism and a little more knowledge
of the world. Mr. Marriott, who writes
admirable English in a time of slipshod
style, appears to us to have the funda-
mental fault of provinciality. He can
draw life-like characters, with a little
caustic wit at times, as in the portraits of
the parson and his wife ; but he seems to
fall back helplessly sometimes on the con-
ventional or the traditional, and to seek
his inspiration in the stock-in-trade of his
craft. For example, Mrs. Hyde, the
dramatist who has studied painting at
Trevenen and makes 3,000/. a year, calls
the painters by their surnames, and
meddles always like a good fairy in the
interests of the hero, was surely never
considered from life. And the figure of
Selwyn Harpur, the prig, cleverly as it is
put in, strikes one as conventional. But
it is mainly in the handling of the hero's
relations with the women that the in-
sufficiency of Mr. Marriott's outlook
appears. In a word, the tale lacks
naturalness. For example, what boy of
fourteen would fall sick unto death
merely because he learnt that the ex-
cellent man whom he has known all his
fife as his father is no relation to him ?
And is it likely that suspicion would
fasten on a man because an old acquaint-
ance, on his way to visit him, is acci-
dentally drowned ? Mr. Marriott is so
clever in himself and in his views that we
could wish a wider reach of experience
and a broader foundation of knowledge
for him.
N° 4091, March 24, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
357
Victory. By L. T. Meade. (Methuen &
Co.)
This story begins with some brightness,
and the description of a shabby Devon-
shire rectory, with its inmates, promises
well ; but as we proceed all semblance of
reality gradually fades. We soon en-
counter the villain who forges a will in his
own favour, and who, by his machinations,
throws the heroine into the grasp of a still
greater villain. This is an illustrious
surgeon and vivisector of Harley Street,
who is undoubtedly meant to be the central
figure of the book. We do not quarrel
with the author's aim, which is to show
the danger to the public good that lurks
in scientific research by means of torture
unscrupulously applied to living animals.
Unfortunately for the cause of humanity,
the force of this moral is lost because we
are unable, on any grounds whatever, to
believe in the surgeon, who secures his
marriage by handing over 50,000Z. to an
unknown scoundrel, and forgets his dearly
purchased bride while he is perusing an
article in The Lancet during the wedding
journey. The forger, the virtuous young
hero who talks about his guardian angel
and a crown, even the contemptible
rector, are all unreal. Only the women
exhibit signs of life ; and we cannot think
the book will add to its author's reputa-
tion.
«
The Poison of Tongues. By M. E. Carr
(Smith, Elder & Co.)
This is a very readable story constructed
from rather conventional materials. An
officer who has given some diamonds to
another man's wife, and forged a cheque
to pay for them, is killed in an Indian
frontier war. When the book opens,
his mother and sister, who know noth-
ing of his shame and little of the
manner of his death, are eagerly expect-
ing a visit from a brother officer, who had
been mainly instrumental in covering
the scandal, and was also present at
the action in which the young man
was killed. It is to be expected in fiction
that Julian (so the dead man's sister is
somewhat curiously named) and her
guest should fall in love, and that, some-
thing of the old scandal becoming known
through the agency of a Eurasian musical
genius (the nephew, as it happens, of the
merchant from whom the diamonds were
bought), he should be suspected of the
crime, from which he is too loyal to clear
himself by exposing his friend. Thus love
and honour are set at odds very prettily.
The hero goes abroad, and the heroine
engages herself, by way of self-punishment,
to the wrong man ; but all comes right
in the end, and Jack has his Jill. The
writer's style leaves something to be desired.
Blue Jay. By Peggy Webling. (Heine-
mann.)
This is the story of a young man, a Cana-
dian " Equilibrist," of great personal
beauty and much goodness of heart.
His adventures and misadventures from
boyhood till he finds success in his pro-
fession, and happiness in his love, have
some interest. He is himself, however,
rather monotonous in speech, manner,
and character. A little lady of the trapeze,
who is only a secondary figure, seems to
us much better visualized and more like a
human being. The story is not well put
together and the people who in London
befriend the Canadian boy are more
shadowy than striking.
The Red Seal. By Morice Gerard. (Cassell
&Co.)
Macatjlay's account of Judge Jeffreys,
who sealed his death-warrants with the
" Red Seal," has had little influence on a
writer who can suggest that a beautiful
and virtuous heiress might have had a
ghost of a chance of reclaiming that slave
of evil passions, had she favoured his suit,
backed by his threats that the safety of
many friends depended on her decision.
The suggestions that he may have had
some good in him, and that he could on
occasion behave with dignity, only leave
him, after all, a human ruffian instead of
a fiend in human shape. But for the habit
of James II. of keeping promises made to
individuals, we are led to believe that
there might have been a Lady Jeffreys
on the Chief Justice's return from the
Bloody Assize. The hero of this romance,
a young cavalry officer, wins by adventures
the favour of Lord Feversham and his
daughter and of the King, while the
heroine is undergoing proposals and perils
in the West. She likes Jeffreys as a guest
at her father's manor house, and recog-
nizes him as "a born leader of men."
There are several strong situations, in one
of which Father Petre and the King figure.
SCOTTISH BOOKS.
Logie : a Parish History. By B. Menzies
Fergusson. 2 vols. (Paisley, Gardner.) —
This is one of the fullest and most detailed
histories of a Scottish parish with which we
are acquainted. The author has performed
his task with an almost Teutonic laborious-
ness — determined to miss nothing, whether
interesting or uninteresting. The ambition
is one with which a reviewer ought not to
quarrel ; but, really, when it comes to giving
in detail the dimensions (in Scots measures,
c. 1760) of infields, off-fields, pastures, laigh-
lands, grass lands, braes, &c, one feels that
a little less industry would have sufficed.
Nevertheless, regarded as a work of primarily
local interest, these two handsome quartos
demand the commendation of the critic.
They are the result of many years' study
and examination of charters and writs,
municipal and session records, documents
of various kinds, public and private, pub-
lished books and papers — of anything and
everything, in fact, having the slightest
bearing on the subject. Nor are the records
of this parish of Logie devoid of general,
even of national, interest. Logie is only a
stone's-throw from Stirling, where, of old
time, history was made. To quote Mr.
Fergusson : —
"Among the holders of land will bo found the
Stiinrt Sovereigns, Bonn; of the ancient religious
houses, mid ninny of the noblest and oldest
families connected with the Scottish nobility, The
Grahams of Montrose, the Shawsof Sauchie, theStir-
lings of Ardoch and Keir, the Erskines of Mar, the
Drummonds of Perth, the Setons of Touch, the
Murrays of Tullibardine and Polmaise, the Hopes
of Hopetoun, the Campbells of Argyll, the family
of Dundas, the Earls of Stirling and Strathearn,
and others, appear in close relation with the civil
history of Logie."
All these local connexions Mr. Menzies
Fergusson has thoroughly exhausted. So,
too, with other celebrities whose family
ramifications are more or less intimately
associated with the district — Sir Balph
Abercromby, the hero of Aboukir ; Sir
William Alexander of Menstrie, Secretary
of State for Scotland under Charles I. ; the
Marquis of Montrose, and others. This
section of the book is chiefly for genealogists.
Other sections are for students of the eccle-
siastical and social life of Scotland. An
exhaustive index and numerous illustrations
add to the value of a work which, in many
respects, is a model parish history.
In The Church and Parish of Inchinnan
(Paisley, Gardner) the Bev. Bobert McClel-
land has produced a brief but useful history of
one of the smallest parishes in Benfrewshire.
Much space is devoted by the author to the
origin of the place-name, his view being that
Inchinnan means " the island of rivers,'*
and is not derived, as is usually contended,
from St. Inan, who had no connexion with
the parish. The patron saint of Inchinnan
was St. Conval, the pupil and friend of
St. Kentigern, who established the Christian
religion there between 593 and 612. Mr.
McClelland naturally concerns himself largely
with the ecclesiastical history of his parish.
The curious point is mentioned that, by
virtue of a bequest made by the first ordained
minister after the Beformation, the incum-
bent of Inchinnan possesses the double title
of Protestant minister and Catholic priest.
Some interesting extracts are given from
the old kirk-session records, which, however,
are not always satisfactorily explained by
the author. It would be interesting to
know whether the statement can be supported
that the " millions " of rats which have
plagued Inchinnan (the result of the Ful-
wood refuse depot) have infected the wild
rabbits, and even the cattle, with tuberculosis.
Mr. McClelland's book, which is furnished
with several illustrations and a map of the
parish, is avowedly " a book for the people ";
but its material is, nevertheless, worthy of
the antiquary's attention, much of it being
derived from original sources.
The Scots Peerage. Vol. III. Edited by
Sir James Balfour Paul, Lord Lyon King of
Arms. (Edinburgh, David Douglas.) — Wo
welcome the further progress of ' The Scots
Peerage,' as it grows in value as well as in
extent. This volume includes the titles
from Lindsay, Earl of Crawford, to the
English holder of a Scottish peerage, Cary,
Viscount Falkland, and in many ways shows
improvement upon its predecessors, as the
articles contained in it are now more uniform
in style. In the present volume the oldest
peerages are Crawford, Crichton, Douglas,
Dunbar, Eglinton, Elphinstone, and Erroll, all
adequately treated. Under the heading of
Dunbar we see the difficulties that Scottish
genealogists have to contend with, as, in
spite of the care with which the article is
compiled, the names of very few of the wives
of the earls are yet definitely identified,
although the peerage existed as late as 1434.
In the account of the Earldom of Douglas
Dr. J. Anderson is abb- to give a valuable
note on the parentage of Joanna Moray,
wife of Earl Archibald " the Grim," which
had escaped the eye of Sir William Eraser ;
and we observe that there are emendations
3;>8
THE ATHENiEUM
N°4091, March 24, 1906
of the work of the latter genealogist in the
articles on Eglinton and Elphinstone. In
thr notice of the Kails of C'ruu lord we should
have been better pleased to have further
light thrown upon the curious matrimonial
relations of Walter Lindsay of Beaufort
(d. 1475) than to be told that a late cadet
was " page to the Deputy Lord High
Steward of Scotland " at the last coronation.
Wo believe that it can be proved that a sister
of Earl Alexander married a Douglas, pro-
bably of Lochleven ; and we think that the
statement that Lady Catherine Lindsay was
second wife (and not third, as the pedigree
in the Lindsay peerage claim had it) of Lord
Provost Lindsay merits a note. We are glad to
see the article on the old peerage of Erroll, of
which up to now too little has been known ;
and we welcome Mr. Sanford Terry's ' Vis-
count Dundee,' which is a nearer approach
to a full pedigree of Claverhouse than has
yet appeared. Mr. Bruce-Armstrong has
still, unfortunately, been unable to connect
definitely the Elgin line with the main royal
stock of Bruce ; but we cannot help thinking
that it will not be difficult to prove that
" Lady Rachel Bruce " was not a full sister
of Horace Walpole's Duchess of Richmond.
We notice with regret that the genealogical
interest is still sometimes subordinated to
the historical, and that under ' Elibank,'
therefore, the existing cadets of the Aberdona
branch are not mentioned nominatim, though
they are near in succession after the
descendants of the present peer. We may
particularly commend the construction of
the articles on the Crichtons — which, inter
alia, contain the curious episodes of Lady
(" Princess ") Margaret Stewart and her
daughter — and that on Galloway, Lord
Dunkeld ; the last, though dealing with the
" later nobility," is singularly well put
together. We are sorry still to notice a few
traces of scanty proofs in misprints and dates.
For example, under Elphinstone, " Wood-
grave " Gascoigne should read Woodroffe,
and a wrong date will be easily seen ; and
we find another obviously wrong date in tho
article on Cromartie.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Robert Browning and Alfred Domett, with
portraits (Smith & Elder), is a small collec-
tion of letters, admirably edited by Dr.
F. G. Kenyon, who supplies just the right
amount of help to the reader in his Intro-
duction and notes. A third name, that of
Joseph Arnould, might have been added
to the title-page, for the eleven letters he
writes here to Domett are excellent, and
more considerable than Browning's twenty-
three. The volume was worth publishing,
if only as showing Browning's position
and gift for friendship in early days ;
but as a letter-writer he is not at his best.
His is a difficult style, full of breaks, though
his affection shines clearly through every
line, and the whole shows, as the editor well
says, " the richness of a noble and sym-
pathetic nature." The letters range from
1840 to 1877, and the literary references
they contain are so interesting that we regret
they occur only here and there. One letter
in which Browning talks of his own poetical
faith is of high interest.
Arnould, on the other hand, has an easy
flow of language and gifts of expression
which make his epistles noteworthy. He is
great on Carlyle's ' Past and Present,' and
finds that even to the well-disposed
"the rude Titan horseplay of the style is a posi-
tiTC nuisance — the man has a giant's strength, but
In- need Dot be always gambolling with a giant's
olnmnrrtnnn "
Of Tennyson's earlier poems Arnould writes
to Domett : —
"Like you, I oannol understand his omissions in
the present edition, and regret them greatly.
Browning Bays he is living in seclusion in a remote
watering-place, seeing no man, and having his
letters directed (of all coneeivahle beings) to a
muffin-man. The oomfortable oookneyiam of such
a functionary in B remote seaside place gives the
whole tale in my eyes an apocryphal air. If 'tis
true, 'tis pity, for the very thing Tennyson most
wants is mote intercourse with his fellow-
creatines.''
The same letter remarks of Browning : —
" Browning's conversation is as remarkably good
as his books, though so different : in conversation
anecdotieal, vigorous, showing great thought and
reading, but in his language most simple, ener-
getic, and accurate/'
The daily papers have already quoted
Arnould's vigorous and amusing account of
the performance of ' A Blot in the 'Scutcheon'
and the wrath of Macready. Altogether we
should have been sorry to miss this little
volume, which is published, we are glad to
notice, with the approval of Browning's son.
Mr. John Murray publishes Prof. Vam-
bery's Western Culture in Eastern Lands, in
which the author is less belligerent and less
prejudiced against everything Russian than
he showed himself in some much earlier
books. The attitude adopted in the present
volume is on the whole sound, and, as
Britons, we think just. It is not quite
uniform throughout. There are some con-
tradictions in passages which would be
startling if put side by side. The author
adopts the best official view of India, but, like
many of our officials, has a difficulty in wholly
avoiding a certain spitefulness about the
Congress movement. That there is a differ-
ence between British theory and British
practice it is difficult to deny. Macaulay's
inscription for the Calcutta statue of Lord
William Bentinck represents the theory. It
is still true, as Prof. Vambery says, that the
Hindus of India can express thought more
freely than can Russians now. It is the case
that while
" the Russian Government, even in its most earnest
civilising efforts in Turkestan, was hampered by
the unreliableness and unscrupulousness of its
officials ; the very reverse may be said of the
English organs at work in India. Besides the
strong innate sense of duty and the firmness and
fairness which generally characterise English
officials, there has been displayed in India at all
times by State servants of higher and lower degree
by [sic] a real affection and enthusiasm for their
work. There have always been men who have felt
a genuine national pride in the civilisation of India,
and who have fulfilled their mission faithfully and
with true patriotic zeal. This was particularly the
case before the introduction of the accelerated
means of communication with the Mother Country.
A prolonged, unbroken sojourn in India often
transformed Englishmen into semi-Asiatics, and a
greater degree of intimacy between the foreigners
and the natives facilitated the mutual intercourse
and smoothed down many sharp contrasts in the
social conditions. The kindly treatment, the
humaneness, which distinguished many of the
officials has very often left so deep an impression
upon the Hindu mind that the names of certain
Englishmen, even after generations, are still held
in honour by the natives."
But when the Professor goes on to deal with
our absolute "impartiality" between our
fellow-subjects and the natives, those of us
who best know the facts are most inclined
to blush. So, too, with his statement that
Indians who have visited this country with
educational success " on their return home
are held in high esteem." This is so in
exceptional instances, but unfortunately
they are few and far between. It is hardly
fair to the Indian natives to lay any failure
to their charge. Yet our author does so when
he complains that only two million out of
tlm <• hundred million people
" have made- themselves acquainted with the
median to acquire this culture (the English
language), and so long as the percentage of those
who attend the schools as compared with the mass
of the popnlaoe remains bo insignificantly small as
it is now, no very great 111000— can Ik; exj>ected to
attend the efforts of the native congresses and
conference
In his account of Russian action in Siberia
and Central Asia Prof. Vambery tries, at
least on this occasion, to be scrupulously
fair. He does not avoid some contradiction
of himself. In some passages about Siberia
he suggests that the natives have been
ruined by forced conversion to the Orthodox
Church, and he draws a distinction between
the former policy of tolerance and present
habits. He even goes on to declare, appa-
rently of all Russian Asia, that " thus far
Russia has not dared to form even a regiment
of native soldiers, with the exception of the
Turkoman militia." It is a curious fact,
which has been little noticed — and it is a
fact in conflict with Prof. Vambery's pages
— that a large proportion of the Russian
army in Manchuria during the recent war
consisted of East Siberian battalions in
which officers and men, the latter exclusively,
were of pure Mongol type, and contained
among the privates no Russian or Slav
element. It is not only in this particular
connexion that Prof. Vambery is far too
sweeping in his statements. He declares
that
"in Asia the separation caused by religious
difference can never be bridged over, for in the
East religion is life, history, character, patriotism
— in fact, everything."
Yet in the Japanese army it was impossible
to draw a line between the Shinto, Buddhist,
and Christian elements in the battalions,
and among those fighting against the Russians
as patriotic Japanese were enthusiastic
Christians of the Russian or Orthodox
branch of the Eastern Church.
The days of Islam, in spite of Prof.
Vambery's romantic interest in its fortunes,
are all but over. The overwhelming
majority of Mohammedans live, as ho
himself shows, under foreign rule, though
he omits the figures for France, a Power
which stands very high in the list of those
having Mohammedan subjects. To Russia
he sets down 14,000,000 Mohammedans,
and he declares that in the heart of the
empire on the Volga " Islamism, although
oppressed and straitened in many ways,
continues to exist, and will live in spite of
the Russian attempts to destroy it. " Although
Russia no longer encourages the conversion
of the pagan tribes to Mohammedanism, as
it did till recently, there is, we think, no
ground for the suggestion that there is any
attempt to tamper with the religion of the
Tartars of European Russia. There are
Tartar colonies sprung from prisoners in
every government of European Russia ;
and there are Russian European cities, such
as Kazan, in which all local power and influ-
ence are in the hands of the Mohammedans.
There are a certain number of errors in
Prof. Vambery's book. It was rather under
Lord Lytton than
"under Lord Elgin that measures were taken to
repress those licentious writings which encouraged
rebellion and incited the people against the
Government."
The foot-note which professes to explain
" Nemse " is curious. We do not know
whether Prof. Vambery has Neustria in his
mind, but he rejects the ordinary explanation
as to " dumb people," and writes : —
N°4091, March 24,
1906
THE ATHENiEUM
359
"Nemsewas the name of what is now Austria,
but in reality the word means 'German,' and is
derived from the South Slavic Nyemetz (plural
Njemtzi, ' German ')."
The transliteration adopted for Russian
words is not a matter of right and wrong,
as we have often explained. But we object
strongly to the use of j when the sound is
that of a short I. A word in which it is
peculiarly unrepresentative of sound is that
given by our author as " Wojwod." To
his " Wojwod Saltykoff " we prefer " Voivod
Soltikof," which is nearer to the Russian
pronunciation.
Two new books on " Port Arthur," one of
which is, however, somewhat more general,
Teach us together, and we have to say of
"both that they are interesting, but suffer
by the previous publication of many excel-
lent rivals.
Messrs. Blackwood & Sons issue Port
Arthur : the Siege and Capitulation, by Mr.
Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett, the well-known
•correspondent, son of the still better-known
former member of Parliament. We heartily
commend Mr. Ashmead-Bartlett's volume.
He draws special attention to the success
of the Japanese in old-fashioned direct
Attack, and to the frightful loss of life before*
success was reached. The series of attempts,
which surpassed even those of Badajos, as
related by Napier, gives all writers on this
siege a wondrous theme : —
"Cheers are seldom heard on modern battle-
fields : thej* are essentially an accompaniment of
cl< se-order formations. For the first time I was
able to appreciate the tremendous moral force
produced by shouts of victory. The story of great
struggles of the past was forcibly brought back to
the memory : for the first time I could understand
what a British cheer at the termination of a
bayonet charge in the Peninsular War must have
meant Here was an infantry charge after the
manner of the Mars of a hundred years ago —
something supposed to have disappeared for ever
from modern battle-fields. Two thousand men
were advancing with fixed bayonets in close forma-
tion, to prove to theorists how futile are their
calculations some using the bayonet, some
shooting at the Russians ns they ran down the
reverse side, while the majority, having exhausted
their bombs, were hurling down stones and great
lumps of rock in lieu of better ammunition. This
strange scene did not in reality last longer than
ten minutes : at the end of that time all the
Russians were either dead, prisoners, or safely on
the high road to Port Arthur."
The Japanese are so old-fashioned that they
still carry colours into deadly battle, and
not only regimental colours, but company
colours as well. That practice, which was
one of the supposed weak points of the
dervishes in the Soudan, is still of the
essence of the heroism of the Japanese.
Over and over again every man within
reach of the colours was shot down, and the
colours themselves remained among the
dead, within sight of both forces, for days
before they could be rescued.
Mr. Ashmead-Bartlett brings out in several
passages the effective use made by the
Japanese of the telephone for the concentra-
tion of artillery fire. The plans described
are not new to the scientific soldier, but they
are the secrets of the most secret departments
of every War Office, and have not, we think,
previously been explained to the public.
The earliest example of proposed concentra-
tion of indirect fire, with apparatus of
camera obscura, and with the assistance of
telephonic communication for the gradual
alteration of the training of the guns to deal
with likely changes in the course of the
attacking fleet, wns the marvel of the Italian
scheme of the defence of Spesia against an
expected " surprise " by the Toulon French
squadron in the days of Crispi.
The other volume, From the Yalu to Port
Arthur (Hutchinson & Co.), is by Mr. W.
Maxwell, an experienced war correspondent,
who has served The Standard and the Daily
Mail. His volume is also one to be com-
mended both for text and original photo-
graphs. Mr. Maxwell goes too far in sug-
gesting that
" military men, satisfied by parades, manoeuvres,
and official reports, were convinced that Russia
would vindicate the laws of military science and
crush her rival. Politicians hoped for the best
and feared the worst."
Our own War Office was right, even if our
Admiralty was not. We believe that there
never was a doubt in Pall Mall as to the
probabilities of the first part of the war ;
and if a mistake was made, it was in the
belief that the Japanese would be more
rapidly successful at Port Arthur than they
were. The Admiralty advisers were, we
believe, divided, and there was certainly
some British naval opinion which went in
the direction suggested by Mr. Maxwell —
attributed by him, however, not to the
sailors, but to those military men and poli-
ticians who, in fact, were well informed.
The strangest incident is omitted — the com-
plete bewilderment of the Russian and French
staffs, who had every reason for obtaining
more accurate knowledge.
Like Mr. Ashmead-Bartlett, Mr. Maxwell
points out that " the Japanese had no faith
in what it pleased them to call ' Boer
tactics.' " Of course, " Boer tactics," in
Germany and among scientific soldiers, now
mean tactics adopted by us from the Boers
since our South African defeats. On the
other hand, the South African war made
the Boer generals firm believers in old
scientific views — those, for instance, which
prevail in Germany and France as to the
need for regular cavalry. Mr. Maxwell
well states " the fallacy, born in South
Africa, that entrenched positions are un-
assailable save by powder and shot," and
adds that " no one in Japan would propose to
make Field-Marshals of their failures."
W. M. Tliackeray : The Xeiv Sketch-Book.
(Alston Rivers.) — We have kept this volume
by us to enable us to judge whether there is
any justification for its ascription to Thack-
eray. We have come to the conclusion that
there is little or no such justification. Some
part of it may be poor and uninteresting
hackwork of Tliackeray or of any one of his
contemporaries. It is true that some of the
subjects are such as the great writer has
treated, and others such as he might have
treated, and that he contributed to the Foreign
Quarterly Review ; but these considerations do
not, in our opinion, excuse the deliberate state-
ment on the title-page and on the cover that
this ' New Sketch-Book ' is by Thackeray.
In any event, we consider that Mr. Robert
S. Garnett, to whose sanguine speculations
and industry the compilation is due, would
have done better service to the cause of
literature by a short bibliographical essay
on the question than by this wholesale and
indiscriminate publication of uninteresting,
out-of-date journalism, on the ground that
it, or some part of it, may have come from
the hand and brain of a great author whom
he professes to admire. We should be
surprised to hear that Thackeray's family
have been consulted as to the advisability of
such a publication as this or have expressed
their approval of it.
To this new edition (John Lane) of The
Story of the Princess des Ursins in Spain,
originally published in 1899. Miss Constance
Hill has added a preface based upon the
correspondence recently published by Count
Louis de la Tremoille, under the title of
' Madame des Ursins et la Succession
d'Espagne.' Study of these fresh "sources"
has not in any degree modified — indeed, we
gather that it has confirmed — the highly
favourable view of the Princess's character
and abilities previously expressed by Miss
Hill in the body of her little work, the text
of which remains unaltered. Miss Hill has
evidently read her authorities with care,
but not altogether without prepossession.
She takes it for granted that the cause of
Madame des Ursins is on every occasion
the cause of Spain ; writes — quite in the
Camarera-Mayor's own tone — of Philip V.
as the " legitimate " king, allowing no
excuse for the objections to a Bourbon
dynasty felt by a large number of Spaniards ;
and permits her admiration for her heroine's
courage and " parts " to blind her, not
merely to the lady's moral shortcomings,
but also to those errors of judgment which
twice brought about her fall from power.
Impartial students of the career of Madame
des Ursins have long since agreed to see in
her a diplomatist not of the first rank, but
at best of the second only. She lacked
the subtlety, patience, and self-restraint
necessary to ultimate success in such a
game as hers. In view of her ill-advised
attempt to attain " sovereign " position, it
does not seem impossible that she may have
cherished hopes of becoming titular Queen
of Spain as well as the real ruler of that
country. That she should have expected
Elizabeth Farnese to forgive the barefaced
attempt to stop her marriage argues a super-
ficial understanding of human nature as
existing even in the meekest of maidens.
Miss Hill has told her " Story " well, with
a simplicity and directness deserving hearty
praise. We admit her plea that in the times
of which she writes spelling, especially of
proper names, was often " a matter of
private opinion." But we do not see why
Cardinal d'Estrees and his nephew, about
the form of whose name there is general
agreement, should be invariably deprived of
the final s which is their right. Nor can we
discover any good reason for making the
Marquis de San Felipe a rival of the famous
commander who could not sign his name
without employing three languages.
We do not think that Mr. Symons's
attempt to reproduce in English the subtle
charm of Baudelaire's Poems in Prose could
well be bettered. It is a difficult business,
but Mr. Symons, more, perhaps, than any
other writer of to-day, has acquired a curious
felicity of diction which is, perhaps, inspired
by French models. The booklet is pub-
lished by Mr. Elkin Mathews.
We have received from Messrs. Whittaker
& Co. Dod's Parliamentary Companion for
1900, which remains the best of the Parlia-
mentary pocket-books. We have found few
errors, except mistakes in the addresses of
new members, natural in present circum-
stances. The account of Parliamentary
proceedings is still marred by want of pre-
cision. There is repeated, for example, the
statement that " the days allotted to Govern-
ment business are Monday and Thursday ;
after Easter it has precedence on Tuesday
evenings, and after Whitsuntide at all sit-
tings." It would hardly be gathered from these
words that the Government has throughout
the session the same power over Tuesday
afternoon and Wednesday afternoon as it
has on the afternoons of Mondays and
Thursdays. There is also this considerable
exception in the opposite direction, that
two Fridays after Whitsuntide arc Bpeoially
reserved for private members.
360
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4091, March 24, 1906
Drbrctt's House of Commons seems as
good aa ever, and is published, as usual,
by Messrs. Dean & Son. The promise of
the title-page, that it is " illustrated with
800 Armorial Engravings," is perhaps a
slight overstatement. The cuts of the
" coats " or seals of borouglis are interesting.
The judges also play their part. The
members of the House of Commons are
less and less inclined to claim, or at all
events to publish, armorial bearings. The
newer plates, added in recent times in place
of others, far more numerous, which have
dropped out, are of a more belligerent,
pseudo-feudal style, which is, in these
democratic days, slightly ridiculous : see,
for example, the arms of Messrs. Bertram,
Brocklehurst, Butcher, Cory, and David
Davies, as here displayed.
The Progress of Poesy, Mr. J. W. Mackail's
first utterance this month as professor of
the subject at Oxford, has just been pub-
lished at the Clarendon Press, and is a happy
mixture of history and criticism. What
pleases us most, however, is the fact that
the Professor, despite a somewhat conscious
grace of style, wears his learning lightly,
and abhors the various dialects of pedantry]
We are glad to see that Messrs. Watts
& Co. have published for the Rationalist
Press Association Arnold's God and the
Bible at sixpence. Belief has taken a
broader basis of late years ; already Arnold's
prophecy in his Preface to this book is being
fulfilled, that " the new Christianity will
call forth more effort in the individual who
uses it than the old, will require more open
and instructed minds for its reception."
Bausteine, Part 4 of which is now out,
continues to do good and solid work in tracing
the history and usage of English words.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Theology.
Arnold (M.), God and the Bible, 6<f.
Black (A.), Ruth : Short Studies, 3/6 net.
Clark (H. W.), The Philosophy of Christian Experience
3/6 net.
Didon (Pere), Spiritual Letters, translated by A. G. Nash
7/6 '
Ingram (A. F. W.), The Gospel in Action, 3/6
Jevons (F. B.), Religion in Evolution, 3'6 net.
Lewis (R. M.), The Divine Gift, 5/
McKinney (S. B. G.), The Revelation of the Trinity, 3/6
Matheson (G.), Rests by the River, 5/
Rees (W. G. E.), The Parson's Outlook, 5/6 net.
Religion of Christ in the Twentieth Century, 3/6 net.
Watson (W.), Prayers for School Boys and School Girls
3/6 net.
Winchester (C. T.), The Life of John Weslev, 6/6 net.
W ood (J.), The Bible, What It Is and Is Not, Third Edition
1/6 net. '
Law.
Law for the Million, by a Practical Lawyer, 1/6 net.
Taunton (E.), The Law of the Church, 25/ net
Fine Art and Archaeology.
Architectural Association Sketch - Book, Third Series,
* «*!• ' A. , — 1/
National Gallery, London : The Flemish School, 3/6 net
Randall-Mad ver (IX), Medieval Rhodesia. 20/ net.
Tyndale (W.J and Holland (C), Wessex Painted and De-
scribed, 20/ net.
University of Liverpool School of Architecture : Portfolio
of Measured Drawings, 12/6
» oysey (C. F. A.), Reason as a Basis of Art, 1/ net.
Poetry and the Drama.
Alexander (H. B.), Poetry and the Individual, 6/ net.
American Poets : Selected Poems, edited by C. II. Page
7/6 net.
Byron (Lord), Don Juan, 2 vols., 24/ net.
Carman (B.), Poems, 2 vols., 10/6 net.
Doughty (C. M.), The Dawn in Britain, Vols. I. and IL.
4/6 net each.
Mackail (J. W.j. The Progress of Poesy, 1/ net
Poems, by Aurelian, 1/ net.
Venetian Series : The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, by
S. T. Coleridge, (id. net.
Music.
Davidson (G.), Stories from the Operas, 3/6 net.
Tosi (P. F.), Observations on Florid Song, translated by M
Gallcard, 5/
Bibliography.
Hampstead Central Library, Descriptive Catalogue of Books
in the Lending Department, 2/6
Political Kcommiy,
Rae (J.), The Sociological Theory of Capital, edited by
c. W. Mister, 17/ net
Saleeby (C. W.), Individualism and Collectivism, Four
Lectures, 2/
History and Biography.
Barltey (F.), A Friend of Marie Antoinette (Lady Atkyns),
10/6 net.
Browning (Robert) and Domett (Alfred), edited by F. G.
Kenyon, 6/ net.
Debrett's House of Commons and the Judicial Bench, 1906,
7/6 net.
Fitzgerald (P.), Sir Henry Irving, 10/6 net.
Gatissen (A. C. C), A Woman of Wit and Wisdom, a Memoir
of Elizabeth Carter, 7/6 net.
Hassal] (A.), A Brief Survey of European History, 4/6
House of Commons in 1908 : Meins. about Members, Second
Edition, 1/
Hume, (Major MA The Great Lord Bnrghley, 12/6
Johns Hopkins University Studies : Municipal Problems in
Media>val Switzerland, by J. N. Vincent, 2/
Journals of the Continental Congress : S'ol. IV., 1776.
Synipson (E. M.), Lincoln, a Historical and Topographical
Account of the City, 4/6 net.
Vambery (A.), Western Culture in Eastern Lands, 12/ net
Wellington (R. H.), The King's Coroner, VoL I., 8/6 net ;
Vol. II., 7/6 net.
Wynter (P. H. M.), On the Queen's Errand, 10/6 net.
Geography and Travel.
Belloc (11.), Esto Perpetua, Algerian Studies and Impres-
sions, 5/ net.
Harper (C. G.), The Brighton Road, 18/
Heath (S. and F. R.), Dorchester and its Surroundings, 2/
Philology.
Modern Language Association of America. Vol. XXI.
No. I., 4/
School-Books.
Caesar, Books V. and VI., edited by A. Reynolds and J. T.
Phillipson, 2/6
Milton's Paradise Lost, Books I. and IL, edited by A. L.
Cann, 2/
Science.
Bell (R.), Ten Years' Record of the Treatment of Cancer
without Operation, 2/6 net
Bigg (H.), An Essay on the General Principles of the Treat-
ment of Spinal Curvatures.
Brend (W. A.), A Handbook of Medical Jurisprudence and
Toxicology, 8/6
Bulkley (L. D.), The Influence of the Menstrual Function on
Certain Diseases of the Skin, 5/ net
Carson (H. W.), Aids to Surgical Diagnosis, sewed, 3/
Forbes (M. A.) and Ashford (W. H. R.), Our Waterways,
12/ net.
Founder (A.), The Treatment of Syphilis, 15/ net.
Galton (F.) and Shuster (E.), Noteworthy Families : Modern
Science, Vol. I., 6/ net.
Handlirsch (A.), Revision of American Paleozoic Insects.
Knaggs (H. V.), Help for Chronic Sufferers, 5/ net.
Mosso (A.), Fatigue, translated by M. and W. B. Drum-
mond, 4/6
Pelseneer (P.), Mollusca, 15/ net
Wheeler (W. H.), A Practical Manual of Tides and Waves,
7/6 net.
Juvenile Books.
Told to the Children Series : Gulliver's Travels, told by J.
Ling ; The Rose and the Ring, abridged by A. Steed-
man, 1/6 each net
General Literature.
Addison, Essays, 3/ net
Blair (J.), Jean, 1/ net
Boothby (Guy), The Race of Life, 5/
Colonial Office List, 1906, 10/6
Dane (J. C), The Hidden House, 6/
Delannoy (B.), Prince Charlie, 3/6
Directory of Shipowners, Shipbuilders, and Marine
Engineers, 1906, 10/
Feild (E.), Evelyn's Quest, 4/6 net.
Foreign Office List, 1906, 10/6
Gallon (Tom), Jimmy Quixote, 0/
Galsworthy (J.), The Man of Property, 6/
Hamilton (J. A.), Captain John Lister, a Tale of Axholme,
6/
Hume (F.), The Dancer in Red, and other Stories, 6/
Hutchinson (IL), 'Bert Edward, the Golf Caddie, 1/ net
Ikin (A. E.), Guide to the Teaching Profession, 2/6 net
Lubbock (B.), Jack Derringer, 6/
Mackay (W.), A Mender of Nets, 6/
Maitland (E. F.), Blanche Esmead : a Story of Diverse
Temperaments, 6/
Meadows (A. M.), The Extreme Penalty, 6/
Medical Register, 1906, 10/6
Methuen's Standard Library: Burns' Poems; Utopia and
Poems, by Sir Thomas More ; The Republic of Plato ;
The Life of Nelson, by R. Southey ; A Serious Call to a
Devout and Holy Life, by W. Law, 1/ net each. The
Little Flowers of St Francis ; Cranford, by Mrs.
Gaskell, 6rf. net each.
Mixed Maxims, by Monte Carlo, 2/6 net
Oppenheim (E. P.), Mr. Wingrave, Millionaire, 6/
Sedgwick (A. D.), The Shadow of Life, 6/
Sell's World's Press, 1906, 7/0
Sinclair (U.), The Jungle, 6/
statistics of the Colony of New Zealand for the Year 1904,
Vols. I. and II.
Sterne (L.), The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, and
A Sentimental Journey, 1/6 net.
Trafford -Taunton (W.), Igdrasil, 6/
FOREIGN.
Theology.
S. Francisci Aosisiensis Vita et Miracula, recenstiit P.
Eduardus Alenconiensis, 10/.
Late.
Oalante (A.), Fontes Iuris Canonici Selecti, 14 parts, 17m.
Fine Art aiul Archaeology.
Bi-^ing (Freiherr von), Denkmaler agyptischer Sculptur,
1'art I., 20in.
Courboin (F), Au Cabinet dei Estampes : I* Salle de-
Travail, lOOfr.
Gaultier (P.), Le Rire et la Caricature, 3fr. 50.
Weisbach (W.), Der Junge Durer.
Drama.
Mendes(C), Glatigny, Sfr. 50.
History and Biography.
Bonet-Maury (G.), LTslamisme et le Christianiame en
Afri<iue, 3fr. 50.
Bourguet(A.), Le Due de Choiseul et l'Alliance Espagnole,
7fr. 50.
Diehl (('.), Figures Byzantines, 3fr. 50.
Liner (R), Lea Annates de Klodoard, Sfr.
Millard (E.), Les Beiges et leurs Generations HUtoriques.—
Une Loi Historiqoe : III. Les Allemands, lea
Anglais.
Muret (M.), La Litterature Italienne d'Aujourd'hui, 3fr. 50.
Normand (C), Les Amusettes de l'Histoire, lfr. 50.
Geography and Travel.
Maurel (A.), Petites Villes d'lttlie, Toscane— Venetie,
Sfr. 50.
Psycliology.
Marie (A.), La Demence, 4fr.
General Literature.
Adde (A.), L'Art Nautique, 2fr. 75.
Cahuet (A.), La Corbeille d'Argent, 3fr. 50.
Dornis CJ.), Le Voile du Temple, 3fr. 50.
Trouessart (C), Notre Fee, 3fr. 50.
*»* All Books received at the Office up to Wednesday
Morning will be included in this List unless previously-
noted. Publishers are requested to state prices when
sending Books.
NOTES FROM OXFORD.
The political event of the term has been
the debate on Eights- week. Mr. Palmer,
of Balliol, in his proctor's year collected
statistics of attendances at lectures during
the mid-term carnival, which, if not quite
so appalling as might have been expected,
nevertheless showed a falling-off to the tune
of nearly twenty per cent. Next year's
figures revealed a slight improvement ; but,
whether one in five or one in six, behold the
weaker brother, the man who says he has
people up, declared by exact methods an
unmistakable fact. How remove the scandal t
The palmaria emendatio, as the wits dubbed
it, provided a clear space for festivities
towards the end of term by antedating
most examinations by anything from a week
to nearly three. By a majority of two to-
one, however, Congregation refused to sanc-
tion so serious an abridgment of our working
time. Besides, some of us — doubtless not
so young as we used to be — recoiled in horror
from the thought of a week or fortnight that
should be all junketing. Should Alma
Mater herself take to lolling in a punt T
Alternative suggestions of reform that find
favour with some are that a week should be
clapped on to each of the winter terms, and
the summer term reduced to six weeks ; or
that no examinations should be held till the
eight weeks of summer term are over. But
there are serious objections to both pro-
posals. Our winter terms are already long
enough ; witness the fact that teachers
and pupils alike appear thoroughly fagged
out by the end of them. Besides, it must
not be supposed that the vacation is a
season of pure holiday, either for lecturer
or men. The former need a quiet time in
which to accumulate fresh material. The
latter, too, must devote themselves to solid
preparation. The boots must be blacked
before they are fit for polishing. So much,
then, for the hibernators. As for the
" rigorists, " if all the heavy final schools are
to be put into the long vacation, one thing is
clear : viva voce must go. Otherwise, at
their present rate of progress, Literce Human-
tores and Modern History would drag on
into September — which is absurd. Where-
fore, despite the deplorable jollity of Eights-
week, things are likely to remain as they are.
After all, when some four out of five are
found to be righteous men, there seems no-
call for fire and brimstone out of heaven ia
the shape of a new Commission,
N#4091, March 24, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
361
3
It was noted just now that to defer the
final schools is inevitably to involve the
abolition of viva voce. Without going so
far as to wish it abolished altogether, a
great many persons of experience are agreed
in demanding a considerable curtailment of
its use. Thus it is rumoured that the
examiners in Liter ce Humaniores have asked
leave to dispense with it in the case of all
candidates whose class is clearly determin-
able on the results of their paper-work —
some fifty per cent, at least. Will the
University put an end to a system which
requires men to be dragged to Oxford from
the other end of Scotland, five or six weeks
after the examination is over, in order to
be asked pro forma a question or two which
they may answer or not, as they please ?
It is by no means certain that it will. The
University does not trust its examiners.
Corporately, it argues, they will have no
conscience, and in a short while there will
be no doubtful cases, so that the examiners
will get to the Alps or to St. Andrews three
weeks earlier. But it is doubtful if you can
make men moral by statute. Also, you
undoubtedly play havoc under the present
system with the precious time and even
more precious health of some of your best
men, whom you condemn to some two
months' most exhausting drudgery on the
utterly false assumption that it is possible,
by dint of straining your eyes, to look into
the candidates' very souls. And so in
Oxford few books are written, whilst every
other year an examiner's health is wrecked.
These are things they manage better at
Cambridge.
Examination-reform is able to report
achieved progress only in the case of the
English School. Henceforth the philologist
and the student of literature will severally
be permitted to specialize within reasonable
limits. Four papers on ' Beowulf,' Middle-
English Texts, Chaucer, and Shakspeare
are to be taken by all ; also the philologist
is expected to do one paper on the History
of Literature, whilst the Literature student
will be set one on Historical English Grammar.
Otherwise, however, each will be examined
in his own subject. The change seems
educationally defensible, and will certainly
enhance the popularity of the School.
M There is, however, good hope that Pass
Moderations will in a short time be trans-
formed for the better. No one who has
taught and examined for that School will
maintain • that it is possible to deal ade-
quately with both the translation and the
subject-matter of a group of set books in a
bare hour and a half. It is, therefore, pro-
posed to reduce the groups from three to
two, and, in exchange, to demand a more
detailed and thorough handling of the work,
extending over two three-hour papers. Thus
at length a brighter prospect dawns for the
lecturer hitherto expected to deal with the
dilemma of the ' Meno ' or the religion of
the ancient Germans in succinct notes
modelled on the sixpenny telegram. Mean-
while, the Grammar paper in Responsions,
or at all events the Greek portion of it, is
distantly threatened by a resolution of the
Committee appointed by the Classical Asso-
ciation to consider how the methods of
teaching Greek in public schools could be
improved. It is suggested that, instead of
the arid lists of atomic verbal forms the
candidate is at present forced to memorize,
he should be steadily kept face to face with
the language as expressive of live, continuous
thought, so that words and sense may be
given a chance of helping each other out.
When the public-school boy has been taught
Greek on these lines for a while, the Uni-
versity cannot do better than judge of his
capacity by means of the translation of
easy unseen passages, together with the
explanation of such grammatical difficulties
as the text itself presents.
The Committee for Anthropology is to be
congratulated on having announced its first
examination for the coming June. Whether
candidates for the diploma will be forth-
coming at scarce six months' notice is, how-
ever, another matter. Next October, at
any rate, it is to be hoped a goodly number
will avail themselves of the elaborate
machinery arranged for their instruction.
The syllabus of subjects and authorities,
long as it is, must not frighten the novice.
A year's honest work on the part even of a
second- or third-class Honours man will not
go unrewarded ; whilst there is the diploma
with distinction for the first-class man, or
the student of moderate ability who can
afford a second year. Be it noted, too,
that women here compete on equal terms
with men. The total capital on which
the Committee of Anthropology aspires to
run its ambitious scheme is 30/. Here is a
chance for the benefactor, be his sympathies
with empire-building, with missionary work,
or with pure research.
Yet the benefactor cannot be said, in
other respects at least, to keep his pockets
closed. The new carvings at the University
Museum, which we owe to the Rev. H. T.
Morgan, are complete for four bays of the
upper west corridor, and show beautiful
imitation of the jasmine, the privet, the
periwinkle, and so on. Mr. Morgan has
promised to defray the cost of the whole
south corridor. Will not others continue
the work ? It is calculated that a capital
can be decorated for 11. 5s., and a pier for
18Z-
The Beit Professor of Colonial History has
come into existence in the person of Mr.
H. E. Egerton, on whom All Souls' has
bestowed a Fellowship. The Regius Pro-
fessor of History announces two prizes of
70/. and 40/., offered by an anonymous donor,
the former for an essay on German history,
the latter for one on any subject connected
with continental thought during the four-
teenth and fifteenth centuries. St. John's
College has re-endowed the Sibthorpian
Professorship of Agriculture and Forestry,
the stipend of which, when the emoluments
arising from Dr. Sibthorp's benefaction are
counted in, will amount to a clear 700/. a
year. All Souls' announces 1,000/. (if
possible, to be made annual) for the Bodleian,
a Readership in English Law, and a History
Lectureship for the Non-Collegiates, as well
as contributions to the Drummond Chair of
Political Economy and the Readership in
Indian Law.
And yet The Westminster Gazette in a series
of articles has been preaching the need of a
Parliamentary Commission to remind the
richer colleges of their duty towards the
University, and towards research. Unfor-
tunately, the busy journalist is a bad hand
at exact calculations ; or shall we say that
college accounts are not such as to tell a
plain tale to the midnight statistician ? Be
the fault ultimately his or ours, 'tis certain
he has blundered grossly over the figures,
and has thus, to the sorrow of academic
progressives, decidedly played the game of
the moderately - pleased - with - themselves.
Things are by no means so black as they
have been painted. The percentage of
contributions from the richer colleges to
the University, apart from statutory obliga-
tions, is high, and is increasing. There are
fifteen Research Fellows (and not two, as
" Lambda " implies), distributed amongst
six colleges ; whilst even with prize Fellow-
ships it is becoming the common practice
to allow the thesis a place by the side of the
examination paper as evidence of ability.
So perhaps we may prove equal to reforming"
ourselves without the aid of the round
hundred of Oxonians in the new Parliament
and their less sympathetic friends.
Long life and a learned leisure to Dr.
Bright, Master of University, who lays down
his office whilst still in the fullness of his
powers, to the sorrow of his college, that
knows his worth and how it has prospered
under his rule ! Dr. Reginald Macan, who
has just been chosen as his successor, is well
known as a first - rate scholar, and has
studied life on the links as well as in the
lecture-room. M.
DESTRUCTION OF THE VILLA OF
SANTA PETRONILLA.
The historical villa of Santa Petronilla,
three miles from Perugia, is now only a
heap of ashes. My friend Signor Piceller,.
writing on the day after the fire, tells me
that the tower fell at midnight of the
13th inst., destroying the beautiful ceiling
of the studio, a favourite resort of Lord
Leighton and his friend Signor Costa, the
painter, when they were frequent guests of
Count Rossi-Scotti, the owner of the un-
fortunate building.
Frescoes similar to Campaldino's mediaeval
tournaments and battle pieces are all burnt.
Stucco decorations by Mariani (whose
wonderful work I related in The Athenaeum,
December 19th, 1891), Biscarini, Cimbelhy
Scardovi, and Carloni shared the same fate.
Inlaid furniture by Monteneri and Moretti,
besides all kinds of precious Perugian art,
has perished in the flames.
At this villa, originally an abbey belong-
ing to nuns of S. Maddalena, tradition
places the death by poison, conveyed by a
basket of figs, of Pope Benedict XI. The
deed was done to gain the favour of his
enemy Philippe le Bel of France. I
Count Rossi-Scotti spent large sums of
money forty years ago in transforming the
old abbey into a mediaeval castle, and fur-
nished the interior with imitations of
Perugian and Italian art as closely resem-
bling that of the fifteenth century as possible.
Many rare books and much valuable
tapestry (for which Perugia was famous)
are irretrievably lost.
William Merceb.
THE SPRING PUBLISHING SEASON.
MESSRS. CONSTABLE A CO.
are publishing in History and Biography : Some
Literary Eccentrics, by J. Fyvie, — Renascence
Portraits, by Dr. P. Van Dyke,— Early Victorian
Novelists, by Lewis Molville,— The Life of Alfred
Ainger, by Edith Sichel, — The Life of C. G.
Leland, by Mrs. Pennell, 2 vols., illustrated,—
Alexander Hamilton : an Essay, by F. Oliver, with
portraits, — Staple Inn, by E. Williams,— The
History of Warwick School, by A. F. Leach, —
Time and Clocks, by H. H. Cunnynghame, Tacitus,
and other Roman Studies, by Prof. G. Boissier,—
A Short History of Italy, by H. D. Sedgwick,—
Machiavelli's Florentine History, translated by
N. H. Thomson, 2 vols.— The King of Court Poets,
a Study of Ariosto, by E. Gardner, with illustra-
tions,—The Chief American Poets, selected by
C. H. Page,— A German Pompadour, by Marie
Hay, — and Tho England and Holland of the
Pilgrims, by tho late H. M. Dexter and his Son,
M. Dexter, illustrated.
In American Men of Letters : Washington Irving,
by C. D. Warner, — Noah Webster, by H. E.
Scudder, — Thereto, by F. B. Sanborn, — Bayard
Taylor, by A. H. Smith,— Poo, by G. E. Wood-
362
THE ATHKNjEUM
N°40!Jl, Makch 24, 1906
Jkiit,— Willis, by II A Bean, Bryant* by John
Bigelow,- \\. <;. Simms, by W. P. Trent, "<l. w.
Curtis, l.y i;. Gary, George Ripler, by O. B.
Frotliiii^liaiii, — ana Margaret Oesou, by T. W.
Higginson.
In Amerioan Statesmen : Benjamin Franklin,
John Ad. mis, nii< I John Qninoy Adams, nil by
• I. T. Horse, inn. Patrick Henry, by Id ( '.
Tyler, — George Washington, by H. C. L<xlge,
'2 vols.. Com cincur Morris, and T. H. Benton,
by iVi'sidi nt Roosevelt,— John Jay, by C Pellew,
— John Marshall, by A. B. Maarnder, — James
Madison, by 8. H. Gay,— Albert (iallatin, by John
A. Stevens,— James Monroe, 1*3' 1). C. Gilman, —
John Randolph, by Henry Adams, -Andrew Jaek-
son, by W. <;. Sumner," Martin Van Burun, by
K. M. Shepard,— Daniel Webster, by H. C. Lodge,
—J. C. Calhoun, hv H. van Hoist, — Lewis Cass, by
A. C. McLaughlin, -W. H. Seward, by T. K.
Lothrop,- S. P. Chase, by A. B. Hart,— Charles
Sumner, by M. Storey,— and Thaddeus Stcrens, by
a W. McCall.
In American Commonwealths : Virginia, by J. E.
-Cooke,— Maryland, byW. H. Browne,— Kentucky,
by N. S. Shaler,— Michigan, by T. M. Cooley,—
Kansas, by L. W. Spring,— California, bv J. Royce,
—New York, by E. H. Roberta, 2 vols.,— Con-
necticut, by A. Johnston,— Missouri, by L. Carr,—
Indiana, by J. P. Dunn, jun.,— Ohio, by R. King,
—and Vermont, by R. E. Robinson.
In Belles -Lettres, Fiction, and General: A
Treasury of English Literature, selected by Kate
M. Warren,— The Poetry and Philosophy of George
Meredith, by G. M. Trevelyan,— Animal Heroes,
by E. Thompson Seton, — The House of Cobwebs,
and other Stories, by G. Cissing,— Henry North-
-cote, by J. C. Snaith,— Anthony Britten, by H.
Macllwaine,— Mr. John Strood, "by Percy White,
— Face to Face, by Francisca Acebal, presented in
English by Major* Martin Hume,— Holy Land, by
G. Frenssen,— Set in Authority, by S. J. Duncan,
— several new "pocket editions" of popular
volumes,— the Simplified Series of Cook Books, by
Mrs. C. S. Peel, 4 vols.,— Threepence a Day for Food,
by E. H. Miles,— Woman's Kingdom, by Mrs. W.
Wallace, with many illustrations,— and The Fixed
Period, addresses by Prof. Osier.
In Art and Archaeology : Modern Bookbindings,
by S. T. Prideaux, illustrated— Porcelain of all
Countries, by R, L. Hobson,— Old Oxford Plate, by
H. C. Moffatt, with many plates, — Historic Greek
Coins, by G. F. Hill,— arid Cities of Paul, by W. B.
Wright. J
In Folk-lore, Religion, and Philosophy : The
Euahlayi Tribe, by Mrs. Langloh Parker, illus-
trated—The Religion of all Good Men, by H. W.
Garrod,— An Essay on Man and Christian Civiliza-
tion, by W. Y. Craig,— The Subconscious, by Prof.
Jastrow,— The Life of Reason, by Prof. Santayana,
■5 vols., —and in Religions, Ancient and Modern:
Islam, by T. W. Arnold ; Magic and Fetichism,
by A. C. Haddon ; The Religion of Ancient Egypt,
oy Prof. Petrie ; The Religion of Babylonia, by
T. G. Pinches ; Buddhism, 2 vols., by Prof. T. W.
Rhys Davids; Hinduism, by L. D. Barnett ;
Scandinavian Religion, by W. A. Craigie ; Celtic
Religion, by Prof. Anwyl ; The Mythology of
Ancient Britain and Ireland, by C. Squire ; Judaism,
by I. Abrahams ; Primitive or Niccne Christianity,
by J. S. Black ; and other volumes.
In Science, Technical B >oks, &c. : Electric Rail-
ways, by S. W. Ashe and J. D. Keiley,— Tunnel
Shields, and the Use of Compressed Air, by W. C.
Copperthwaite, with 2(i() illustrations, — Water
Softening and Treatment, by W. H. Booth,— Gas,
Gasoline, and Oil Engines, byG. D. Hiscox, revised
and enlarged ; Gas-Engine Design, bv C. E. Lucke,
—Radio-Active Transformations, by Prof. Ruther-
ford,—Modern Turbine Practice and Water- Power
Plants, by J. W. Thurso, — Practical Electro-
chemistry, by B. Blount, enlarged— Experimental
Electro-Chemistry, by N. M. Hopkins,— Bridge
and Structural Design, by W. C. Thomson,—
Physiology of the Nervous System, by J. P. Morat,
translated and edited by H. W. Syers,— On Leprosy
and Fish-Eating, by J. Hutchinson — Diet and
Dietetics, by A. Gautier, edited and translated by
A. J. Ricc-Oxley,— and The Integrative Action of
the Nervous System, by C. S. Sherrington.
E, GRANT RICHARDS
has in hand : Birds of the British Islands, by
Charles Stonhani, illustrated bv L N. Mcdland, in
twenty parts,— Essays in Socialism, by E. Belfort
lUx, Traveller's Jog : mi anthology, compiled by
W. <;. Wat. is, Grant Allen's Historical Qnide to
Florence, revised and enlarged by J. W. Cruick-
shank,- The Chapbooks : vol Il'l. The Poems of
lb imk, The Haloyon Series : Vol L The Bird in
Bong, compiled by Robert Siokert, The Venetian
Scncs: Vol. 111. The Bime of the Ancient
Mariner, -Igdrasil, a novel, by W. T. Taunton, —
The Blaok Motor-Gar, by H. Borland, — Parson
Brand,— by L ('. Cornford, The House <>f Souls,
by Arthur Maehen, — and Audrey the Actress, by
Horace Wyndham.
MB. EVBLBIGH NASH
includes in his spring list : The (heat Lord Burgh-
ley, by Major Martin Hume, a new edition, — -Ten
Tudor Statesmen, by A. D. Innes, with portraits, —
With the Cossacks, by Francis Mc Cullagh, illus-
trated, — In the Days of the Dandies, l>y Lord
Lamington, — and the following Novels : The Lapse
of Vivien Eady, by Charles Marriott ; Bardelys
the Magnificent, by R. Sabatini ; The Grey
Domino, by Mrs. P. C. de Crcspigny ; The House
in Spring (Jardens, by Major Arthur Griffiths;
The Invasion of 1910, by W. Le Queux ; and Sons
of the Milesians, by the Countess of Cromartie.
Ititoarg (Sossip.
In The Cornhill Magazine for April the
series ' From a College Window ' is con-
cluded with a meditation upon the real
meaning of ' Religion.' In ' A New Tale
of Two Cities ' Mr. Laurence Gomme, the
Clerk of the London County Council,
compares the impression made by Paris
and London at the recent interchange of
municipal visits. Mr. J. H. Yoxall, M.P.,
deals with ' The New House of Commons.'
Mr. A. D. Godley's verses ' Concerning a
Millennium ' have also a political tang.
1 A Journey of Surprises,' by Mrs. Archi-
bald Little, gives an account of travel in
the Chinese province of Yunnan.
The forthcoming number of The Dublin
Review will contain articles on ' Cardinal
Newman and Creative Theology,' by Mr.
Wilfrid Ward ; on ' Experience and
Transcendence,' by Baron Friedrich von
Hugel ; on ' Weismann and the Germ-
Plasm Theory,' by Prof. Windle ; and
on ' The Holy Latin Tongue,' by the Rev.
Dr. William Barry ; also ' An Historical
Meditation,' dealing with the period of
the Reformation in England, by Father
Benson, a son of the late Archbishop of
Canterbury.
Abbot Gasquet has now completed
the task of editing for the press the further
letters of Acton we have already announced.
The Abbot, in an exhaustive Introduction,
deals sympathetically with the revival of
scholarship among Roman Catholics, of
which these letters give contemporary
evidence.
Mr. John Masefield is preparing a
new edition of the ' Voyages of William
Dampier,' which E. Grant Richards will
publish early in the coming season. The
work will form the only complete edition
of Dampier's ' Voyages ' since the late
eighteenth century. It will contain a
biographical memoir and appreciation by
the editor, a bibliography, notes, and
from ten to twenty brief histories of the
buccaneers and seamen with whomDampier
was associated. The maps of the early
editions will be preserved, and the volumes
will contain a reproduction of Thomas
Murray'n handsome portrait of the great
circumnavigator.
lis. Ei.kin Mathews announces for
early publication a volume of n
entitled ' Dramatic Lyrics,' by Mi. John
Gurdon, whose i lassical tragedy ' Erinna'
appeared three years ago. The new
volume will be similar to the former in
style of binding, &c.
The April Independent Review will
contain several important political articles.
Mr. Philip Snowden, M.P., is writing on
' Trade Unions and the Law ' ; Mr. J. A.
Hobson on ' The Taxation of Monopolies ' ;
and Mr. W. J. Fisher on ; Electoral
Houses ' ; and a paper by the late Mr.
Holyoake on ' Woman Suffrage ' will also
be included. Among other papers are
' Flaws in Elementary Education,' by
Mr. Cyril Jackson ; ' The Florentine
Movement ' (in modern Italian literature),
by Miss MM rida Tillyard ; and ' A Labour
College,' by Mr. E. Bruce Forrest.
Two new volumes of verse are announced
for publication by Mr. Elliot Stock imme.
diately : ' The Treasures of the Sea, and
other Verses,' by Mr. Stanlev G. Dunn ;
and 'A Story of Unrest,' "by Mr. B.
Burford Rawlings.
Mr. Werner Laurie is having printed
at the Chiswick Press a limited edition of
a translation of Pierre Loti's ' India.' The
frontispiece is a hitherto unpublished
portrait of the author.
Dr. E. D. Ross has been appointed
Officer in charge of the Records of the
Government of India and ex-officio Assist-
ant Secretary to the Home Department.
He is leaving the Madrasah, of which he
has been Principal for over four years.
The April number of the African
Society's Journal will contain the first
instalment of a valuable paper on the
Basuto, by the Rev. A. Mabille, a grandson
of the late Eugene Casalis, whose ' Les
Bassoutos ' is the classic authority on
that people, and himself the author of a
Sesuto grammar. The Rev. W. H.
Stapleton will contribute a ' Note on the
Kele Verb ' — to be followed, it is hoped,
by various studies in the Upper Congo
languages. Other articles will be ' Tonga
Religious Beliefs and Customs," by the
Rev. A. G. MacAlpine, and ' North-
Eastern Rhodesia, its People and Pro-
ducts,' by Mr. George Pirie.
Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co. are pub-
lishing shortly three novels : ' Mr. Baxter,
Sportsman,' by Mr. Charles Fielding
Marsh, the author of ' God's Scholars ' ;
' Old Mr. Lovelace : a Sketch in Four
Parts,' by Mr. Christian Tearle, which
relates episodes in the life of a retired
lawyer ; and Mr. and Mrs. Egerton Castle's
' If Youth but Knew,' which is a story
recalling in manner their former work
' Young April.'
AMONGST the most recent developments
of historical methodology in America the
practical study of archives deserves special
mention. Dr. J. Franklin Jameson,
Director of the Bureau of Historical
Research in the Carnegie Institution at
N°4091, March 24, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
363
Washington, is on the point of starting
for Europe with a view to special re-
searches in this way. We may add that
Dr. Jameson is ably assisted at the
Bureau by a lady who received her first
training in the study of historical MSS.
in this country.
The Carnegie Institution referred to
above has just issued a remarkable biblio-
graphy of the ' Writings on American
History ' published during 1903. As many
as 3,591 entries are contained in this
volume, which, however, appears to include
numerous critical studies dealing with
education, art, and general literature. We
even find, under the head of ' Social and
Economic History,' the reprinted addresses
delivered at the opening of various Carnegie
libraries. A large proportion of the his-
torical pieces are clearly of an ephemeral
nature.
Next Thursday and following days
Messrs. Hodgson are selling a large number
of important and interesting books and
MSS. There are letters from Bernard
Barton, the Wordsworths, and Leigh
Hunt, and one, in her minute hand, from
Charlotte Bronte to Thackeray, of great
interest. We note further first editions
of Milton's ' Paradise Regained,' Donne's
poems, Dryden's ' Absalom and Achi-
tophel,' ' Vanity Fair,' and ' Pickwick '
(in the twenty original wrappers). Cotton's
' Scarronides ; or, Virgile Travestie,' also
a first edition, contains an autograph
poem (probably of his own writing) to
" Maecenas," who was, we presume, Robert
L'Estrange, then a licenser of the press,
whose "imprimatur" appears on the title-
page. There is also a fine second edition
of Evelyn's ' Sylva,' with his autograph.
Perhaps the most interesting item
from a literary point of view is a set of
proof-sheets of ' A Dream of Arcady '
and ' Stanzas ' by T. Powell, corrected
by Browning, occasionally in pungent
style. Thus on a passage in ' A Dream
of Arcady ' he writes : —
"I expect every moment some line like
'The Preacher was an Anti-Puseyite,' &c.
Keep it for the consecration of the New
Catholic Church, opposite Bedlam. ' '
There are many beautiful MSS. on vellum,
and a brilliant series of water-colour draw-
ings, by W. Heath and others, to illustrate
the ' Historical Records of the British
Army.'
The April number of The Home Counties
Magazine contains articles on ' A Hertford-
shire Witch,' ' Picturesque Petersham,'
• Middlesex Place-Names,' ' Paul's Cross,'
&c. The illustrations include views of
Milton's Cottage at Chalfont St. Giles,
Gray's Inn Hall, and Paradise Row,
Chelsea.
We ventured to express the hope in
this column some weeks ago that M. Henry
Martin would be appointed to succeed
llrredia as Administrates de la Biblio-
theque de l'Arsenal, and we are glad
now to be able to announce that he
has received the appointment. In Paris
these high posts are sometimes given to
politicians without much regard for their
fitness ; but fortunately in this case
the best man has won. M. Martin is one
of the most accomplished and brilliant
scholars of the Ecole des Chartes, and his
long service at the Arsenal fully qualifies
him for his new post.
The Christian Banner Weekly is the title
of a penny illustrated paper for the home
which will make its first appearance on
April 26th. No fewer than half a million
copies of the first number will be
printed. The publishers are the Religious
Tract Society.
M. Jusserand has finished the new
volume of his literary history of the
English people.
The death of Etienne Car j at removes
an interesting personality from Parisian
life. He tried his hand at most things —
poetry, photography, journalism, politics,
&c. Caricature was his first weakness,
and this taste developed itself whilst he
was in the employment of a tapestry
manufacturer. He was introduced by
his friend Pothey to Daumier, who com-
plimented him on his facility, but dis-
suaded him from pursuing art as a career.
In 1862 he started Le Boulevard, which
contained much of his best work, some
of it almost worthy to rank with that
of Daumier. His " soirees artistiques "
in his studio in the Rue Notre-Dame-de-
Lorette were long a famous meeting-place
for literary and artistic Bohemians, among
whom he had a wide circle of friends.
A correspondent writes : —
" I should like to be allowed to express
gratitude to the British Museum authorities
for their departure, after considerable public
protest, from some of the time-honoured —
or should I say time-disgraced ? — methods
of cataloguing the Museum books. For
instance, Voltaire is no longer found under
Arouet, but under Voltaire. The principle
is capable of some considerable extension
before the B.M. Catalogue becomes a per-
fectly handy instrument. For instance,
Madame de Pompadour should be placed
under Pompadour, and not under ' Le
Normant d'Fjtioles (Jeanne Antoinette).'
By the way, the British Museum Catalogue
prints ' Le Normant ' as ' Le Normand,'
which is incorrect ; the London Library
Catalogue makes the same mistake."
The death of Count Oswald de Kerchove,
member of the Belgian Senate and for-
merly Governor of Hainaut, occurred
suddenly at Ghent on Tuesday. The
family of Kerchove has been prominent
in Flanders since the Middle Ages, and
the deceased's father was burgomaster of
Ghent for a quarter of a century. Count
Oswald was famous as a horticulturist,
and his two works on ' Palms ' and
' Orchids ' were well known to botanists
in other countries than his own. He had
been President for more than twenty
years of the Belgian Society of Agriculture
and Botany. He also took a prominent
part in the civic life of Ghent. His
literary activities were not confined to
horticulture, for he wrote a large number of
political pamphlets and several historical
treatises of more than passing value.
The death, in his seventy-second year,
is announced from Mayence of Prof.
Konrad Beyer, son-in-law of the poet
Ruckert and a very versatile writer.
The oldest journalist in India has just
died in the person of Mr. Sorabji Jehangir
Chenai, proprietor of The Deccan Herald,
at the patriarchal age of ninety-four.
His father took a leading part in the forma-
tion of the cantonment at Poona in the
early years of the nineteenth century,
and The Deccan Herald was founded there
in 1858.
Recent Parliamentary Papers include
Statutes made by the following Oxford
Colleges : Christ Church, New, Merton,
University, and Balliol (\d. each) ; Annual
Statistical Report of the University of
Glasgow (2d.) ; Code of Regulations for
Day Schools, Scotland (id.) ; and Higher
Education, England and Wales, Return
showing Application of Funds by Local
Authorities (2s.).
SCIENCE
Immunity in Infectious Diseases. By Elie
Metchnikoff, Professor at the Pasteur
Institute, Paris. Translated by Francis
G. Binnie. (Cambridge, University
Press.)
The subject with which this admirable
volume deals is one which has in recent
years attracted a vast amount of attention,
not only on account of its practical import-
ance in medicine, but also because of the
fascinating interest of the problems in-
volved. It is not too much to say that
within the past ten years a new science
has arisen on the border line between
physiology and chemistry, dealing with
the defensive mechanism of the body
against foreign cells and their poisons.
The earlier theories on the subject were
simple and somewhat vague. Such were
the views that, in the course of their growth
in the body, bacteria exhausted certain
constituents of the soil which were not
readily replaced, or that they produced
certain substances inimical to their own
further growth, which, retained in the
body, hindered further invasion of the
body by new bacteria. But it soon
became plain that such simple explana-
tions were inadequate, and each advance
in knowledge has rendered more evident the
immense complexity of the problem. In
recent years interest has chiefly centred
around two theories. One of these is
the doctrine of " phagocytosis," which we
owe to Prof. Metchnikoff. and with the
expanded form of which the present volume
deals ; the other is the " side-chain "
theory of Ehrlich.
In its original crude form Prof. Metch-
nikoff's theory was limited to the " phago-
cytic " activities of the leucocytes of the
blood and of certain other tissue cells,
i.e., their power of ingesting and destroy-
ing microbes invading the body. This
view was based on numerous demonstrable
facts ; it was on all sides admitted that
such a process occurred, and that it must
be of considerable importance in the
defence of the organism. But with the
discoveries that immunity extended to
certain chemical poisons, notably the
"toxins" of bacteria, and that the de-
364
THE ATHEN^UM
N°4001, March 24, 1906
struct ion of bacteria within the body often
took place by extra-cellular prOCOBBOB,
this original oonoeption became clearly
insufficient. It w;i- now that Khrlich's
masterly hypothesis took the field, and
for a time the doctrine of phagocytosis
•occupied a relatively subordinate position.
Prof. Metchnikoff, however, modified and
extended his theory, showing by a mass of
new facts and experiments that even the
extra-cellular phenomena of defence could
be explained by the action of ferment-like
bodies liberated from the phagocytes in
their dissolution. His views in their
latest form, as embodied in the work
before us, must be conceded to afford a
reasonable explanation of a great number
of the facts of immunity in infective
diseases. Their acceptance, as Prof.
Metchnikoff is careful to point out, by no
means involves the rejection of Ehrlich's
" side-chain " theory : the two may be
in large part reconciled, and indeed present
to some extent two aspects of the same
phenomena. Since this book was written,
Dr. Wright's discovery of " opsonins "
has done much at once to support Prof.
Metchnikoff's viewTs and to reconcile
them with the more " humoral " theory
of Ehrlich, though it must be admitted
that the " side-chain " hypothesis affords
the more convincing hypothesis of purely
chemical immunity. Opsonins, it may
be explained, are soluble substances
present in the blood serum, which in
some way promote the phagocytic power
of the leucocytes upon bacteria, and are,
indeed, essential to the process.
The present translation of Prof. Metch-
nikoff's work has been admirably carried
out by Mr. Binnie. It is excellently
printed, and forms a handsome volume
which reflects credit on every one con-
cerned in its production. Its contents
axe necessarily of a highly technical cha-
racter, and this is not the place for their
detailed review. Suffice it to say that
Prof. Metchnikoff describes the pheno-
mena of intra-cellular and extra-cellular
digestion throughout the entire animal
and vegetable kingdoms, dealing with the
resorption not only of formed elements,
but also of albuminoid fluids. He traces
the bodies concerned in the extra-cellular
disintegration of foreign cells to ferments
or cytases derived from the destruction of
the phagocytes (phagolysis), and he en-
deavours as far as possible to bring his ex-
planations into line with those of Ehrlich.
These principles are applied to natural and
acquired immunity in all their varied
forms, and are illustrated by a perfect
storehouse of facts and arguments derived
from the most varied sources. The crowded
pages would be bewildering, were it not for
the lucidity and order with which the facts
are marshalled. We have here the record
of five-and-twenty years of thoughtful
speculation tested by laborious experi-
ment, and no more important book on the
subject has ever appeared in the English
language.
We cannot, in concluding this short
review, refrain from a tribute of admira-
tion to the self-restraint and moderation
•which characterize the manner in which
Prof. .Metchnikoff deals with the criticisms
which have been so freely bestowed bv
his opponents upon his theories. No man
lias had to bear more opposition, and few
have conducted their controversies with
more dignity and toleration. This is
peculiarly apparent in the historical
sketch of our knowledge of immunity
which forms, save for a final summary,
the fitting close to a memorable work.
Cloud Studies. By Arthur W. Clay den,
Principal of the Royal Albert Memorial
College, Exeter. (John Murray.) — This book
may fitly be called a sunny study of a cloudy
subject, though indeed it is something more
than a study, being almost a complete
account, profusely illustrated, of the various
appearances and formations of clouds. The
author hopes that it will be of practical
value to the meteorologist as a step towards
that greater exactness of language which is
essential before we can attempt to explain
all the details of cloud structure, or even
interchange our ideas and observations with
adequate precision. The varieties here de-
picted and described have been selected
from many hundreds. Extraordinary atmo-
spheric phenomena attract universal atten-
tion ; but the admiration of the varying
forms of cloud and their beautiful and
fantastic appearances (whether resembling
successively a camel, a weasel, and a whale,
as Hamlet thought, or any other objects) is
usually evanescent. Our author, then, is
justified in hoping not only that his work
will be of value to the meteorologist, and
induce others to feel that meteorology does
not consist solely in the tabulation of long
columns of records and diagrams of isother-
mals, &c, but also that it will interest the
artist by calling attention to the variety
and exquisite beauty of the broken cloudy
sky. This beauty is often misrepresented,
even in pictures which are otherwise ex-
amples of skill and care, by masses of vague,
shapeless clouds, as untrue to nature as it
would be possible to render them.
Mr. Clayden, in an introduction, devotes
some space to the history of the classification
and nomenclature of cloud-formation, which
began with Luke Howard, who afterwards
published, in 1833, a work on the climate of
London. The word " cloud," we may re-
mark, is akin to " clod," and originally
meant a mass of rock or earth, which passed
into the modern sense of cloud about the
beginning of the fourteenth century, doubt-
less from the appearance of that class of
cloud to which the name of cumulus is
now attached. Clouds offer this advan-
tage, that they need neither telescope nor
microscope to study them. Nor is such
observation without practical use. "If the
clouds be full of rain they empty them-
selves upon the earth," says the author of
the book of Ecclesiastes ; and the indica-
tions of saturation or the appearance of
forms (such as that compared by the pro-
phet's servant to a man's hand) connected
with the approach of a sudden storm, may
often be of great value. The illustrations
in this book are not only very numerous,
but also excellent in quality.
Thunder and Lightning. By Camille
Flammarion. Translated by Walter Mostyn.
(Chatto & Windus.) — In this interesting
volume M. Flammarion, so well known for
his astronomical works, has put together,
in his usual racy and piquant style, some of
the remarkable effects produced by storms
of thunder and lightning, which he lias
collected with gnat industry and discrim-
inating chic. Those effects arc sometimes
fatal, sometimes serious, and sometimes
almost fantastic. The chapter on fireballs,
" the most mysterious and certainly the
least understood domain of thunder and
lightning," is of especial interest. The
author devotes separate chapters to the
effects of lightning on mankind, on animals,
and on trees and plants. In the first class
the results are much less frequently fatal
than in the second ; and the effects on trees
and vegetation are very marked. Emphatic
caution is therefore given against taking
refuge under trees in a thunderstorm, and
many instances are adduced of the fatal
consequences of doing so, especially of getting
too near the trunks of large trees. The
ancient notion that bay-trees are exempt,
and also one now prevalent in various
countries, that beeches possess such im-
munity, are shown to be by no means of
universal application. The subject of light-
ning conductors, first applied after the
famous experiment of Franklin in 1752, is
treated at length, and the cautions necessary
in their construction pointed out.
The last chapter is very curious — on the
pictures made by lightning, especially on
the bodies of persons struck by it, which
appear to indicate the presence of some
extraordinary rays, to which the author
gives the name of ceraunic, emitted by
lightning, and capable of photographing,
alike on the skin of human beings and
animals, and on plants, more or less distinct
pictures of objects far and near.
One circumstance to which the author
calls attention will probably surprise many
readers — that the noise made by thunder
does not reach so far as that produced by
cannon. The latter can easily be heard at
a distance of 25 miles ; and during the siege
of Paris, Krupp's cannon could be heard as
far as Dieppe, 140 kilometres away. But
numerous observations show that thunder
is never heard beyond 20 or perhaps 25 kilo-
metres.
It only remains to say that the translation
is exceedingly well done, and we have noticed
but one mistake (on p. 246), the name of the
former illustrious Director of the Brussels
Observatory appearing as Quebelet instead
of Quetelet. An index would have been a
welcome addition.
In 1837 a young man of twenty-three,
possessing an estate and the delightful
manor house of Rothamsted, in Hertford-
shire, began experimenting on the nutrition
of plants commonly grown by farmers, and,
in course of time, obtained results which
have had a far-reaching influence on agri-
cultural theory and practice. The young
man was J. B. Lawes, afterwards created a
baronet ; with him was associated from
1843 till the time of his death Dr. J. H.
Gilbert, who in 1893 was knighted; and the
story of their work is told by Mr. A. D. Hall
in The Book of the Rothamsted Experiments
(John Murray). It is a very remarkable
6tory, but most remarkable of all, and
perhaps explaining the rest, is the wonderful
lifelong partnership of the two men who for
fifty-seven years laboured together, "united,"
as Sir J. B. Lawes said, " by their mutual
love of the work they were engaged in."
Pliny tells us that Sterculus, the son of
Faunus, discovered the value of dung as
manure. It was virtually the only manure
in use till Lawes and Gilbert showed that
various mineral substances could supple-
ment its action or altogether replace it.
The demonstration went home to the British
farmer ; " artificial " manures are now fre-
quently and increasingly used, and their
manufacture has become an important
N° 4091, March 24, 1906
THE ATHEN.EUM
365
industry. Manurial tests were the chief,
but not the only investigations carried out
at Rothamsted. Other researches dealt
with the feeding of animals, particularly the
production of animal fat from starch, with
ensilage, wheat flour, &c.
Without doubt the most striking feature
of the Rothamsted experiments is the
scrupulous accuracy with which the records
have been kept, and the comprehensive
analytical data which have been accumu-
lated. It is not too much to say that
the facts and figures obtained at Roth-
amsted can be made to throw light
on almost every problem arising in con-
nexion with the manurial treatment of
soils and crops. So high is the reputation
of Lawes and Gilbert's work that to doubt a
Rothamsted analysis would be almost
impious.
Lawes and Gilbert were prolific writers,
and their collected memoirs fill ten volumes,
which, moreover, are by no means easy to
obtain. The same careful elaboration of
detail which makes their work so valuable
also makes their papers very severe reading,
only to be undertaken by the expert. A
well-written summary, laying stress on the
broad outlines and properly subordinating
details, was badly needed, and this want is
now supplied by Mr. Hall's book. The
work of preparation must have been great,
but author and publisher have spared no
pains to produce a book worthy of the
subject. It is written in the lucid and inter-
esting style we have learnt to expect from
Mr. Hall, and is freely illustrated with dia-
grams and curves to bring out the essential
points. We wish it every success, and only
hope it may induce' some of the wealthy
people who make agriculture their hobby to
follow in Sir J. B. Lawes's footsteps.
general all its optical and electrical mani-
festations, are by the modern theory attri-
buted to the direct action of electrons.
The fundamental requirement imposed
on matter moving through the ether is that
the dimensions of all bodies as a whole, and
of their ultimate constituents — i.e., of the
electrons — be slightly altered. If we take
it for granted that all molecular forces in their
innermost nature are electromagnetic, and,
further, if we remember that, according to
the Maxwellian theory, the electric forces
due to charges undergo a modification as
soon as we impart a certain velocity to
them, then this hypothesis of deformation
becomes plausible. It seems that Fitz-
Gerald was the first to conceive this rather
daring idea. Later Lorentz independently
made the same assumption. Calling u the
velocity of the earth and v the velocity of
light, FitzGerald assumed that the earth
and all bodies on it have their dimensions
which fall in the line of motion reduced in
the ratio (l - \ ^,) : 1. while the cross dimen-
sions remain unaltered. In 1904 Lorentz,
with the view of completely eliminating any
theoretical influence of rectilinear motion,
slightly changed this ratio into / 1 --5 : *■
and at the same time extended the deforma-
tion to the electron itself. Evidently, then,
the electron, which is a sphere of radius a
when at rest, turns into an ellipsoid with the
a, a, when moving
semi-axes
a^/l
u"
THE SHAPE OF ELECTRONS AND
THE MAXWELLIAN THEORY.*
Bonn University.
It is the fate of all important physical
theories that, after inaugurating a period of
brilliant discoveries, they are taken to task
by an array of new experimental facts,
accruing from the continually refining
process of our methods of observation. The
Maxwellian theory has not been exempt
from this fate. It is the absence of the
effects of the annual motion of the earth
through the ether on terrestrial optics, and
in general on terrestrial electromagnetic
phenomena, that causes so much difficulty,
and it is to-day the foremost aim of all
theorists working in the field of electro-
magnetism to find a plausible hypothesis
accounting for this absence, which has been
established to an astounding degree of
accuracy.
To speak strictly, the Maxwellian theory
in its original form cannot offer any explana-
tion, and we have to turn to its natural
outgrowth the electronic theory. It can be
shown that, unless the structure of matter
undergoes a certain change by moving
through the ether, the negative results of all
the experiments undertaken with the view
of discovering the influence mentioned
would be incomprehensible. Now, when-
over we appeal to the structure of matter
for an explanation of electromagnetic phe-
nomena, we really appeal to the electrons
of which we consider matter to consist. I
need only remind the reader that the light
and heat waves emitted by matter, and in
• The earlier article* in this Series appeared as follows:
M. PoincAre" on ' U\ Fin <le la Mature,' February 17th ; and
Kir William Ramsay on ' Iielinm and the Transmutation of
Elements,' March 10th.
with the velocity u.
Since our measuring rods take part m the
deformation, we have no direct means of
testing this hypothesis, but we have a
means which permits us to decide whether or
not an electron is rigid, and, if deformable,
in what manner it is deformable. It is one
of the greatest triumphs of experimental
and theoretical science that to-day we can
make definite statements concerning the
form of electrons, when only a few years ago
the conception of an election was hazy and
undefinable. Before I explain the method
of determining the form of the electron it
may be well to recall a few general facts
on the subject.
An electron at rest is a small charged
sphere of a diameter of about one -ten-
billionth part of a centimetre, the elec-
tric charge residing on the surface or
being distributed in the interior. The
electric force of this electron is easily ex-
pressed by applying the ordinary laws of
electrostatics. If we impart a uniform
motion to the electron, we must assume the
laws of flowing electricity. For the motion
of a charge constitutes an electric current,
and to start this with its magnetic field a
certain expenditure of energy is required.
We can view this electromagnetic energy in
the light of the ordinary kinetic energy of
masses, and ascribe it to some ideal mass
of the electron, which then is termed its
electromagnetic mass. There is this differ-
ence, however, that, if compared with the
masses we are familiar with in mechanics, it
varies with the velocity, becoming infinite as
the velocity of light is reached. This differ-
ence may, nevertheless, be only apparent,
since we have no experience with ordinary
masses moving with velocities sufficiently
great to exhibit their dependence on velocity.
And there is yet another distinction. If we
accelerate a moving electron in its line of
motion, its mass behaves differently from
that which is called into play when we impart
to it an acceleration perpendicular to the
direction of its velocity. So we are forced
to distinguish between a longitudinal and a
transverse mass, besides the mass mentioned
above in connexion with the kinetic energy
of the election. For slow motion these three
masses assume identical values. The manner
in which these masses increase with velocity
depends on the shape of the electron.
Now suppose an electron, initially moving
in a straight line, enters an electric field —
for instance, that of a condenser whose
plates are placed parallel to the direction of
motion. It will then be deflected from its
path by a force which is proportional to the
charge ; and the acceleration which this
force produces will depend on the transverse
mass of the electron, and therefore on its
velocity and on its shape. An electron
entering a magnetic field perpendicularly to
the lines of force will likewise be deflected if
we remember that a magnet acts on an
electric current. It will experience a trans-
verse force which is proportional to its
velocity and to its charge, and the effect of
this force will be to urge it in a direction
perpendicular to the field and to its own line
of motion. Now when a magnetic field is
superimposed on a parallel electric field
the electron will evidently experience simul-
taneously two mutually perpendicular forces
urging it in a resultant direction. This is
the basis on which Kaufmann established
the plan of his most recent experiments.
He availed himself of the Becquerel rays
emitted by radium salt as a source of q^^y
moving electrons. It is well known that the
Beta rays are emitted with varying velocities,
some approaching that of light. Through a
small opening in a lead plate thesa electrons
enter the composite field. The magnetic
field was furnished by two old permanent
magnets. It was uniform, and had an
intensity of HO abs. units, while the super-
posed electric field was that of a minute con-
denser whose plates, one millimetre apart,
were kept at a constant difference of poten-
tial of 2,500 volts by an accumulator battery.
In order to ascertain to what extent the
uniformity of the field could be relied upon,
a condenser twenty-nine times as large was
constructed, its field explored, and found
practically uniform. All parts of the appa-
ratus which could be exhausted were
worked with extreme precision. Hie
rays, after traversing a distance of 4 cm.
in the exhausted space, fell upon a smooth
photographic plate perpendicular to their
path, and there produced a fine curve, each
point of the curve corresponding to a par-
ticular velocity of the electrons constituting
the ray. From what has preceded, it win
be clear that this diagram, in conjunction
with the knowledge of the deflecting forces,
permitted Kaufmann to evaluate the depend-
ence of the electromagnetic masses on tne
velocity, and thus to test the various hypo-
theses of the shape of electrons.
He established beyond any doubt that the
Lorentz electron described above does not
satisfy the experimental data. The Lorent/.
deformation being claimed to be the only
one to account for the absence of any influ-
ence of the earth's motion on terrestrial
optics, it would appear that the Maxwellian
theory, which forms the basis of Lorent* .s
analysis, stands condemned. The writer
does not quite share this opinion. Matt, r is
not so simply constituted that we should
venture to make absolutely final statements
as to the effects of a rectilinear motion
upon its structure ; nor is the Maxwelhau
theory so inelastic as to break down at once
under the weight of these brilliant experi-
ments of Kaufmann.
Two other forms of electrons, however
agree about equally well with the result- -t
Kaufmann's recent experiments. Those are
the rigid electron, and an electron proposca
3G6
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4091. March 24, 1906
Bomo time ago by tho writer. The latter
electron is a volume-charged sphere of
radius a when at rest. Through its motion
it becomes deformed into an ellipsoid of
constant volume with the semi-axes a »*,
os~" a s ~ ', whore we havo put s for
l_ -~. The ratio of its axes is tho same as
that of the Lorontz electron.
If we extend this sort of deformation to
all the bodies of a moving system, most of
the negative effects of the earth's motion
would be explained. There is, however,
ono difficulty. In general the effect of
motion on transparent substances is to
cause a peculiar kind of double refraction,
due to the circumstance that the light-
emitting electrons which vibrate parallel to
the direction of motion swing with their
longitudinal masses, whereas the oscillations
perpendicular to this direction take place
with transverse masses. In general one
would expect different periods from this
difference of masses. Now dispersion de-
pends on the free periods of electrons, and
consequently one would expect a dispersion
formula that would depend on the orienta-
tion of the ray with regard to the direction
of motion. This amounts to double refrac-
tion, the absence of which has been proved
by Lord Rayleigh and by Brace. The diffi-
culty mentioned does not seem to be insur-
mountable. However this may be, the
problem of overcoming the difficulties which
beset the Maxwellian theory is intimately
connected with that of finding a suitable
form for the electron.
A. H. Bucherer.
RESEARCH NOTES.
The relations between ether and matter
now form, as a distinguished German physicist
writes to me, the question of questions, and
almost any attempt to solve it is therefore
welcome. In a controversy lately carried
on in a French technical paper, M. Brylinski
has asserted that in order to alter the vis
viva of the ether two things must be present,
namely, motion and some other absorbing
or emitting medium. Light, for instance,
which is, according to current theories, an
undulation of the ether, can be absorbed,
either wholly or in part, by material bodies.
He is also clear that the medium involved
in gravitation is the ether ; but is this
ether always the same everywhere ? and
has it mass ? To these questions M. Bry-
linski answers that certain phenomena
attending the velocity of light, and the sup-
posed carrying-along of the ether by matter,
show that the ether contained between the
molecules of material bodies is not the same
as the ether of the inter-planetary spaces ;
while as to mass, he assumes that the charge
of the negative electrons demands a carrier,
and that this carrier is the ether, which con-
sequently has, according to him, a well-
defined mass, though of course its density
is extremely small compared with that of
the molecules of matter. This contention,
though not at first sight to be rejected as
absurd, seems to be entirely destructive of
many existing theories, and its promulgator
certainly does not lack the courage of his
opinions.
The different problems affecting the
Alpha rays, or positive electrons, are also
now in full course of investigation. Prof.
Wigger has lately described in the Jahrbuch
der Radioaktivitdt a series of experiments
which not only confirm the existence of the
" Delta " rays, or slow-moving negative
electrons, but also cast considerable doubt
on the complete deviability of tho Alpha
rays by even the most intense magnetic
field. He compares this fact with Mr.
Soddy's hypothesis that the Alpha particles
are originally uncharged, and only acquire
their charge by reason of the shock caused
by the expulsion of tho negative electron
from tho atom. His experiments seem
to have been made with polonium and
radio-active lead, and they lead him to the
conclusion that the very absorbable Alpha
rays of these two substances are not the
same as the Alpha rays of radium. This is
particularly curious in view of Prof. Ruther-
ford's remark (' Radio-Activity,' second ed.,
j). 583) that ordinary matter may be under-
going transformation accompanied by the
expulsion of Alpha particles at a much
greater rate than that shown by uranium
without producing appreciable electrical or
photographic action. With this may be
usefully placed the law enunciated by Prof.
Ostwald, that the bodies which first come
to light in any transformation are, in experi-
mental conditions, always the most unstable.
Not unconnected with this, perhaps, is
the curious result of the inquiry which Prof,
von Wesendonk has lately described in the
Physikalische Zeitschrift, into the different
discharges from positive and negative
electrodes respectively. This, it will be
remembered, formed one of the electrical
mysteries that M. Langevin recently enu-
merated in his address to the International
Society of Electricians. Prof, von Wesen-
donk is of opinion that when the discharge
is a " pure " spark, and contains no admix-
ture of either point or glow discharge, neither
electrode has any advantage over the other,
and the quantity of energy liberated is the
same in each case. If both electrodes are
used and the distance between them is very
great, the negative ion, he says, may possibly
be converted into a positive one, as he
thinks may happen in the strongly positive
discharge from a Tesla transformer at high
tension. It seems possible, however, that
the gas in which the discharge occurs has
some influence upon this, as Prof. J. J.
Thomson showed some time since that with
an oscillatory discharge in hydrogen, nitro-
gen, and some other gases, a conductor
placed near the point received a negative,
and in air and oxygen a positive charge.
The heating effect produced by the
Rontgen rays on being absorbed by different
metals has been examined in The Philo-
sophical Magazine by Prof. Bumsted, of
Connecticut. He finds that in the case of
lead about twice as much heat is generated
as in that of zinc. His hypothesis is that
the Rontgen rays cause the dissociation of
certain elements on striking them, and that
the energy thus liberated manifests itself as
heat. M. Sagnac, who, as stated lately in
these Notes (Athenaeum, No. 4088), asserts
that the Rontgen rays in the case mentioned
are not so much absorbed as transformed,
has found that the secondary or Sagnac rays
emitted by metals struck by X rays are
much more absorbable than those producing
them, and so on progressively with the
tertiary and succeeding radiations. All
which looks like a gradual breaking-down
of energy, and a " frittering away " of it
— to use the classic phrase — not exclusively
into heat.
In the same number of the magazine (i.e.,
that for February) Mr. A. Russell discusses
the dielectric strength of the atmosphere,
which he thinks has been hitherto put too
low. Prof. J. J. Thomson, he tells us, has
estimated it at 30 kilowatts per centimetre,
and Mr. O'Gorman at 27. He himself,
however, considers that at ordinary atmo-
spherio pressures its dielectrio strength is
between 38 and 40 kilowatts, which is an
increase of about 30 per cent. The fact
may reassure practical electricians haunted
by the fear of short circuits ; but it might
be unwise to trust to it. Id Brunhes, who
has lutely been making experiments at the
Puy de Dome Observatory, of which he is
Director, thinks that the leak in all charged
bodies which can be attributed to the
atmosphere alone is more considerable than
has been hitherto supposed, and that,
contrary to tho general opinion, it is more
rapid the freer the air is from dust and
vapour of water. A study by him on the
subject is now appearing in the licvue
Scientifique.
Madame Curie, in a communication to the
Academie des Sciences which is marked with
some asperity, again asserts that her polo-
nium is the same substance with that which
Prof. Marckwald insists on calling radio-
tellurium, and her view of the case is sup-
ported by certain constants which she gives,
and which agree with those lately put
forward by Prof. Marckwald. It seems a
pity that they cannot agree upon some
healing measure, such as the calling of both
substances by the name of Radium F given
to them by Prof. Rutherford.
Lest any one should be misled by the
quotation in these Notes (Athenaeum,
No. 4088) from Dr. Le Bon that Hertzian
waves accompany every electric spark, and
by certain comments thereon, it may be said
that it is by no means every spark which causes
this phenomenon. The statement probably
got into ' L'Evolution de la Matiere ' by a
slip of the pen ; for its author certainly
knows a great deal better, and put the case
in a nutshell when he stated in 1899, in his
study on Hertzian waves, that the waves
were emitted when a conductor of sufficient
capacity, and bearing a charge of sufficient
tension, was abruptly discharged, the charge
being at the same time constantly renewed.
As Prof. Fleming graphically demonstrated
in his recent Cantor Lectures, which will
shortly be printed, only one or two sparks
out of the train emitted in such circumstances
are oscillating, and it is only the oscillatory
discharge which produces the wave. The
analogy of a U tube into which a liquid is
suddenly poured from a height is exact.
F. L.
DR. LE BON'S THEORIES OF MATTER.
Mr. Norman Campbell's case has proved
so unexpectedly fragile that it would be
cruel to draw further attention to the un-
dignified dance he is now performing over
its debris. Nor shall I notice further his
childish display of bad temper and worse
manners in the attack upon myself which
he now states to have been his object
throughout the controversy. For, were
every word of it true — as it certainly is not
— it could have no earthly bearing upon
the issue raised by him in his first letter,
namely, whether The Athenaeum was or was
not justified in speaking favourably of Dr.
Le Bon.
In these circumstances I find myself with
space to spare for the discussion of the
quinine sulphate experiment, which, it may
be recollected, formed the one instance
adduced by Mr. Campbell of the alleged
invalidity of Dr. Le Bon's experiments.
The facts, which differ widely from those
which the unwary reader might suppose
from Mr. Campbell's allusions, are as follows.
In the Revue Scientifiqu* of April 14th, 1900,
Dr. Le Bon described how quinine sulphate
previously heated on a metal plate to 150° C,
and .then allowed to cool, will become
phosphorescent, and discharge an electro-
N°4091, March 24, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
367
scope if placed on its disk, or even suspended
above it with a thin sheet of metal between.
This phenomenon he attributed, in an article
in the same paper of November 15th, 1902,
to the chemical reaction produced in the
substance by its hydration, or absorption of
water from the atmosphere. He also stated
that the " effluves " disengaged during this
and other chemical reactions had the same
properties as those apparent in the dissocia-
tion of bodies, including the power of passing
through tliin sheets of metal, and that of
these " la reaction la plus nette est donnee
par l'liydratation de sulfate de quinine " ;
while he suggested that the radio-activity
of substances like radium and thorium
might be due to the same cause. Later
Miss Gates, writing to The Physical Review
from McGill University under date of June,
1903, stated, among other things, that
V the quinine radiations are only apparent when
accompanied by a great temperature change
They are completely absorbed by a thin sheet of
aluminium, which does not cut out the rays of
uranium, radium, and thorium There is no
evidence for believing that the ionization of quinine
radiations is due to the spontaneous projection of
charged masses from the atom, but to molecular
actions which are influenced by temperature
While M. Le Bon is undoubtedly correct in his
assertion as to the cause of the quinine radiations
[i.e., chemical reaction], these [her own] experi-
ments show no justification for attributing the
radiation from radium and the other active bodies
to a similar cause."
Thus stood the matter till 1905, when
Prof. Kalahne, writing in Drude's Annalen
der Physik (pp. 451 sqq.), ' Ueber die Strah-
lung des Chinin-sulfates,' after discussing
Miss Gates's experiments and detailing some
of his own, re-echoed her statement that the
chemical reaction was the cause of the
radiation ; pointed out that, unless the
vapour of water were introduced, the heated
and cooled quinine sulphate showed no trace
either of phosphorescence or of ionizing
power ; and suggested that Miss Gates had
not taken this sufficiently into account in
her conclusions. After this Miss Gates,
writing to The Physical Review of January
in this year, without referring to either
Dr. Le Bon's or Prof. Kalahne's researches,
described an experiment performed by her
in the Cavendish Laboratory, which demon-
strated that dried quinine sulphate, without
any heating at all, can be made to exhibit
both phosphorescence and ionization by
exposure to damp air. She further said that
experiments in the same place, designed to
show that the ultra-violet light possibly
evolved during the phosphorescence was
the cause of the ionization, had failed to
reveal the presence of such light, and that
the cause of both phosphorescence and
ionization was the chemical reaction of
hydration.
In the meantime something else had hap-
pened. In The Philosophical Magazine for
April of last year Mr. Campbell, after detail-
ing some careful quantitative experiments
on the radio-activity of ordinary matter,
which form a valuable confirmation of the
theory of the generality of this phenomenon
put forward by Dr. Le Bon five years earlier,
appended to his account a separate article
on ' Hadio-activity and Chemical Change,'
in which the following words occur : —
" When these experiments had proceeded for a
short time, it was found that a similar effect, due
to chemical action, had been described by M.
Gustavo Le Bon. But it was soon remarked that
the chemical actions which were attended by the
largest effects were those which gave out consider-
able quantities of heat. Was it heat, and not
chemical action, thai was the cause of t lie effect
noticed '.' "
He then went on to explain : —
" It is not difficult to see how M. Le Bon arrived
at the conclusion that chemical change is accom-
panied by radio-activity. All the actions with
which he obtained the effects arc actions evolving
a considerable amount of heat."
To this Dr. Le Bon replied in ' L'fivoliition
de la Matiere,' published in June of the same
year (see The Athenaeum, No. 4055), that he
did not dispute the part played by heat in
releasing the provision of radio-activity
{i.e., the emanation) from certain radio-active
bodies, but that Mr. Campbell had omitted
to notice that among the chemical reactions
claimed as causes of radio-activity were
some (such as the hydration of quinine
sulphate and the oxidation of phosphorus)
which did not involve any rise in tempera-
ture. How Mr. Campbell reconciles the
ignorance professed by him, in April, 1905,
of Dr. Le Bon's experiments on radio-active
chemical reactions with the statement in Ins
letter in The Atlienozum of the 3rd inst. that
he was "an earnest student of that author's
works two years before his book appeared,"
is his affair, and not mine. But, lest any
one should be misled by his remark in the
same letter, with regard to the oxidation of
phosphorus, that " Dr. Le Bon was wise
not to include this experiment in his book,"
I would point out that this experiment is
duly set out at length on pp. 351 and 352
of ' L'fivolution de la Matiere.'
Mr. Campbell's discomfiture was not,
however, completed by Dr. Le Bon. At the
Congress of German Physicists held at
Meran in the autumn of last year Prof.
Kalahne again referred to Dr. Le Bon's
quinine sulphate experiments of 1900, gave
an account of certain others devised by
himself, and stated categorically that the
cause of radio-activity was not here the
variation of temperature, but the chemical
reaction of the dehydration and hydration
of the sulphate. He further said that,
although his experiments led him to conclude
that the quinine radiations did not include
Beta or Gamma rays, he could not yet
decide whether the ionization was due to
ultra-violet light or — in the alternative — to
the emission of highly absorbable Alpha
rays. This part of the case is therefore
still sub judice ; but in the meantime, if
Miss Gates's Cavendish Laboratory experi-
ments are considered valid, we must believe
that the ionizing power of quinine sulphate
cannot be due to ultra-violet light, and
must therefore be attributed, till further
order, to the emission of Alpha rays. But
both Miss Gates and Prof. Kalahne are
positive that it is not due to heat, and
therefore, whether Dr. Le Bon is right or
not, Mr. Campbell is wrong. The imputa-
tion of sinister motives is not one of my
weapons ; but it does not seem uncharitable
to conclude that Mr. Campbell is not the
Machiavel and double dealer he claims to
be, and that his furious attack upon Dr. Le
Bon was probably inspired more by auger
at this rebuff than by the desire to injure
myself, which he now seems to consider the
more avowable motive.
However this may be, I think this contro-
versy may be properly closed with a summary
of its results. By the mouths of two witnesses
of distinction enough to satisfy even the
high standard in such matters of the Caven-
dish Laboratory, Dr. Le Bon has been
shown to have been one of the first, and, in
the opinion of three others equally distin-
guished (including one Professor of Physics
and another of Mathematics), to have been
the very first, to promulgate the theory of
the general radio-activity of matter and the
dissociation of the atom. To this Mr.
Campbell opposes merely the alleged silence
of half a dozen gentlemen to whom, so far
as I know, this point has not been submitted,
and, with curious logic, refuses to claim for
any other person or persons the priority he
would deny to Dr. Le Bon. Dr. Le Bon's
theory has been admitted by the same
adversary to be, " in the main, correct " ;
and his experiments are proved to have been
quoted and used with due acknowledgment
by German, Italian, French, Canadian, and
English physicists — the solitary attempt to
impugn one of them having recoiled on its
authors.
On the other hand, I have admitted that
I should like more independent and better
proof of the existence of an emanation from
all substances than that set out in Dr.
Le Bon's book. I believe that this will yet
be found, and my reason for this faith is
the singular confirmation that has been
forthcoming, time after time, for this and for
other of his deductions. In April, 1900,
when Dr. Le Bon first enunciated this part
of his theory, Prof. Rutherford's discovery
of the thorium emanation was, apart from
his own experiments, the sole foundation
upon which it could rest. I am not even
sure that, at the time he wrote, Dr. Le Bon
was aware of Prof. Rutherford's discovery
three months earlier ; but, since then,
additional evidence has continued to come
year after year. First was Prof. Dorn's
discovery of the emanation from radium ;
then Prof. J. J. Thomson's proof of an
emanation from much more ordinary mate-
rials ; and then, M. Blondlot's " emission
pesante " — not yet confirmed by indepen-
dent observation — from a great variety of
substances. Nor is the absence till now of
proof of an emanation from uranium at all
decisive against its existence ; for this may
be due either to a transformation so imme-
diate as to leave no trace of its presence, or
to some masking phenomenon like those
" Delta " rays which for a long time prevented
the measurement of the charge on their
Alpha congeners. Even if my hopes are
disappointed, however — and no scientific
theory can hope nowadays to spring into life
like Athene, armed at 'all points — this is
not a fundamental point of Dr. Le Bon's
doctrine, and with the result of this con-
troversy I think he may well rest content.
Mr. Campbell's attack, far from " blasting "
his reputation, has probably brought the
solidity of its foundations to the notice of
many readers in this country who would
otherwise have remained for some time longer
in ignorance of it. F. L.
%* This controversy is now closed.
SOCIETIES.
Geological — March 7.— -Sir Archibald (ieikie,
President, in the chair.— Mr. J. A. Douglas and
Mr. D. Pugh-Jones were elected Fellows, — The
following communications were read: 'On the
Occurrence of Limestone of the Lowei Carboniferoua
Series in the Cannock-Chase Portion of the South
Staffordshire Coalfield,' by Mr. (i. Marmaduke
Oockin,— and 'Liaesio Dentaliidse,' by Mr. Linsdall
Richardson.
Asiatic— March 13.— Lord Reay in the chair.
Dr. Ilocv.in hia paper on 'Sarmad and Aurangzeb,
began by referring to the popularity oi Sannada
quatrains, and stated that as Sarmad, a Biuham-
madan, had been on friendly terms with Hindus,
and waa killed by AurangseVa order, Hindus have
a vague impression that his death was in
measure due to his sympathies. The hietorj ol
Sarmad. as far as it is known, was then given. He
was a .lew of Kaahan, who became a Muham-
madan, Studied medicine, and came to India.
His tenets and doctrines were explained and
examined ; and also his literary remains. Dr.
II. »y referred to two MSS., which he had ob-
tained in India. The first contained a notice of
308
THE ATHENAEUM
NM091, March 24, 1906
i - •. ■ ■ =^==^=
nmil, Iiih rivWB, in 'I KMM "I Ma iiiuitraili*.
petti u-d t<> a <liw.ui l'\ KMM other i>o.-t.
The Mx-ond wan i» ina>iia\i, hitherto iinio ■•
arhkh in ■ndoubtedlj by Sanaed. Of thin the
plot ni Mrpkuned; an«l fcbe i>aper ooooladed
with four tinea l>> tli<* poet, which «rr ivmarkahiy
fcinulur to * .me of the i putt rains of Omar KIi.ivn IB,
I prolwble coiiti -mjxirary : —
Thy bottla in iy ba nmda ol tinnier'* >lu-.t .
Ami rifha <•' lovaaa haag ajraaaad Ita cnMt>
Dm [..urn- nrw pings ma) bacaana thy cap,
Ami my rrinru.t>r.ince ri*c> upon tlic must.
— A diaouanoa followed, in which Mr. brine, Dr.
Getter, Sir Charles I.\all, and Mr. Fleet took part.
Booon of ANTigfAKiKs. — March 13. — sir
Hon EL Boworth, V.l'., in the (hair. — Mr.
\V. H. Bi> John Hope read a paper on ' Tho
GhuoM Priory ol St. Panoru at Lewes,' with
-l- read reference to reoent exneTationa on the rite
by the Saaeex AicbaBoaosiosl1 Booiety. E\<-a\a-
tion> had already been made liy Mr. Somei s Clarke
and himself m 1883, whioh had dis< lo.sed the plan
ot tho sub\aults, fee., ot the dorter range; hut,
owing to difficulties which had now lieen sur-
mounted, it had not been possible to extend
operations eastwards. The recent excavations had
brought to light there the remains of a large in-
firmary shape] of unusual plan, and side by side
with it the foundations of the infirmary hall.
Search had also been made, b}- the kindness of
Messrs. Kenward, in their garden, for the traces
t i the earlier church of the priory ; hut the de-
struction on this site had been too thorough to
have anything definite. Through the kindness of
Mr. P. (J. Courthope, efforts had been made toeluci-
date also the remains of the west front beneath
his garden ; but little M-as found besides the con-
crete cores < >f the walls. The remains of the in-
firmary chapel noted alxjve consist for the most
j»art of great masses of fallen walling, which were
evidently overthrown in the way hinted at in the
well-known letter of John Portinari to Crumwell
describing the destruction of the priory church.
Mr. Hope showed that this letter was actually a
paraphrase in English b)- Richard Moryson of a
holograph letter from Portinari, written in Italian,
preserved, with an earlier letter referred to in it,
in the Public Record Office. These letters give
considerably fuller details of tho beginning of the
throwing down of tho church, and of the way in
w Inch it was done, by digging out the foundations
and propping the walls on wooden posts that were
afterwards burnt or blown down, so causing the
superincumbent masses to collapse. The original
letters also contained various dimensions and other
details that had been overlooked or omitted by
Moryson, which enabled a more correct plan to be
drawn of the destroyed priory church. Mr. Hope
further communicated a description (from the
letters patent leasing the site after Cruniwell's
attainder) of certain buildings reserved to the king,
which apparently had formed the prior's lodging,
and afUarwards the manor house of Crumwell
himself.
Royal Numismatic. — March 15. —Sir John
Brans, President, in the chair. — Mr. (J. Charlton
Adams, Mr. A. M. Mitchison, Mr. Thomas Love-
laoe Hercy, Mr. K. A. Mitchell-Innes, Mr. J.
Gordon Langton, Mr. A. J. V. Radford, and
('apt. YV. H. Williamson were elected Fellows. —
Mr. A. Radford exhibited an Anglo-Saxon penny
of Edward II. struck at TotnOSB, and bearing tho
nioncyer's name Wynstan. This is the Barliesl
coin known of this mint, none before /Ethelred II.
having been hitherto recorded. — Mr. Percy Webb
exhibited a scries of Roman i/njtoin/ii or "second
brass " of the first to the third centuries \. i>. -Mr.
Neville Langton showed two early Athenian tctra-
di acinus, eaofa with a square punch-mark on tho
reverse, which had lieen found on the site of
Naukratis, in Egypt. — Mr. F. A. Walters
exhibited a half-groat which bears tho name of
Richard II., but which, he was of opinion, was not
struck till the following reign of Henry IV. ; and
Mr. Thomas Rliss a series of " truck-tickets" used
at various collieries and ironworks. — Dr. Jiarclay
V. Head communicated a paper 00 ' Tho Earliest
GraMo-Baotrian and GnBoo-lndian Coins.' Dr.
Iinhoof I'.lumer had in 18S3 attributed a tetra-
drachm lxaring tho inscription A AKSTANAl'OY,
together with the head of Zeus on the obverse,
and an eagle standing on a thunderbolt on tho
reverse, to Alexander t lie < ■' reat , and ■Opposed it
to represent his first toon] leans in Macednn. lbs
British Mucosa has rinoe enquired two speoimens
of this coinage, one oi them coming undoubtedly
from India, and the provenance <,i the other t>ciii^
doubtful. Dr. Head pointed out that the OOOOT-
leiice of the satrapal head-dress as a Symbol 0O
these coins indicated their Eastern origin, and
after inquiring to which province of the Eastern
empire oH Alexander they might most reasonably
1h- attributed, came to the conclusion that all tho
available c\ ideiiee pointed unmistakably to liactria
or to some district cm t lie extreme North- West fron-
tierof India. He called attention to the very striking
resemblance in tyj>e twitting between shaas coins
and certain imitations of Athenian coins which
were current in India alxnit the date of Alexander's
invasion. On these Indian imitations the owl of
the reverse is supplanted by an eagle with reverted
head, precisely as on the coins under discussion ;
while the helmcted head of Athene still occupies
the obverse. Dr. Head showed that a coin which
had recently been sent to the Society from Tash-
kend supplied the link which connected these two
classes in the most satisfactory manner; for while
its reverse, as regards both its typo and its accom-
panying symbols, was exactly that of the Athenian
imitations, its obverse type was the head of Zeus,
as on the tetradrachm described by Dr. Imhoof-
Blumer. Dr. Head therefore proposed to remove
the coins in question from tho extreme west to the
extreme east of Alexander's empire, and to regard
them, further, as belonging not to the beginning
of his reign, but to about the time of his death, or
even to a somewhat later date, between his death
and the accession of Seleucus, and he showed in
detail that this view was confirmed by considera-
tions of the weight-standard and the provenance of
the known specimens.
Entomological. — March 7.— Mr. F. Merrifield,
President, in the chair. — The Rev. G. Wheeler
was elected a Fellow. — Mr. H. W. Andrews
exhibited two specimens of Microdon laii/ron*,
Lw., a rare dipteron taken in the New Forest in
June, 1905. — Mr. H. M. Edelsten showed
examples of Nonagria neurica, Hb., and JY*.
distoluta, var. arundineta, Schmidt, from Ger-
man}', with (?) var. arundineta from Central
Asia, for comparison with ,1V. dissohita and
iV. var. arundineta from Kent, Cambridge,
and Norfolk. — Mr. L. B. Prout exhibited a
variable series of Gynopteryx gladiaria, Guen.,
and its varieties. — Mr. A. J. Chitty exhibited
combs of the honey bee formed on a branch of nut
tree, the bees having swarmed late in the year.
After July they deserted the combs, and, having
consumed all the honey contained in them, again
swarmed on a neighbouring tree. — Prof. R.
Meldola exhibited a specimen of Prodenia littora/is,
Boisd., which had emerged in a breeding cage
kept, with many others, oy Major R. B. Robert-
son at Boscombe, Hants, for the reception of
caterpillars found in that district. The moth
emerged on July 16th, 1905. — Commander
J. J. Walker said he had taken tho larva,
known as the Egyptian cotton worm, in tho
Central Pacific Islands, feeding on the tobacco
plant. — Mr. 0. E. Janson exhibited a Mantis on a
portion of the bark of a tree, as found in Trinidad
by Mr. F. Birch, who stated that its close re-
semblance to a withered leaf was evidently a pro-
tection need for aggressive purposes. — Mr. M. Burr
exhibited a series of O&llimenidsB, a small family
of Orthoptera, consisting of two genera, Dinar-
chus, with the single species I), daxypu*, Illig.,
and Calliineiius, of which all the known species
were included, With the exception of C. injhttit*,
Hr., from Asia Minor. — Mr. H. Row land- Brown
showed specimens of Argynnis niobe, var. cri*,
from the Pyrenees, Oevennes, and South Tyrolese
mountains. Ho drew attention to tho remarkable
form of the example taken at Oavarnio in July,
1906, of which the coloration of the upper side of
all tho wings was ruddy -copper-red dusted with
blue upon tho nervures. Ho also remarked that
whereas specimens of erin and other Argvnnidn
from tho mountainous regions of Central France
show a tendency to maintain constant pale forms,
those from the Pyrenees aro generally more highly
coloured, while tho high Alpine forms ol Central
Europe incline to melanism. — Prof. E. B. Pooltoo
exhibited an original BOte-bookaf Burchell's, taken
to South Africa in 1812. Ho said that it estab-
bahsd the date ol the author's birthday (hitherto
unknown) to l>e July l'Jth, while it also reorded
for the first time the raperstttaoos dread of the-
iiatiM- Hottentots |.,i the " death's head moth,''
known looally as the "devil bee." — Dr. F. A.
Dixey exhibited 190000008 ol Pierios butterflies
from South Africa, India, and Asia Minor to illus-
trate how the under sides of the dry-season forma
111 the group are apt to take a led tinge, it l>eing
ifjUy interesting to not«< that the same ten-
dency was manifest in all ipecies collected from
such widely separate regions.— Mr. C 0. Water-
house communicated n note on the migration of
Lepidoptera against the wind, extracted from a
!■ poti on 'The Pear) Oyetai ol the Golf of Mannar,
Aricula (tsefeayriias) ptctUa,' by Henry Sullivan
Thomas, in The sTJHWPI Journal of Literature
and ovisacs for the session 1hk»>-7. — CoL
C. T. Bingham seed a note on ' A Plague of Ants
in the Observatory District, Cape Town, South
Africa,' and illustrated his remarks with specimens
of the insects referred to by him. — Dr. G. B.
Longstaff read a pajier 'On some Rest Attitudes
in Butterflies,' illustrated by numerous specimens
arranged upon backgrounds of socially prepared
sand-paper tinted to represent the natural sur-
roundings of the insects in their various habitats.
— Dr. T. A. Chapman read a paper entitled
' Observations on the Life-History of Trichoj>tUu»
j/'t/wlum, Zell.' — Prof. Poulton read a paper by
Mr. Frank P. Dodd ' On some Parasitic Hymeno-
pterous Insects of North Queensland,' and exhibited
a number of interesting specimens.
Historical. — March 15. — The Rev. Dr. Hunt,
President, in the chair. — The Rev. H. S. Cronin
and Messrs. J. Eliot Hodgkin, C. L. Kingsford,
and E. K. Purnell were elected Fellows. — A paper
was read by Prof. Pelhain upon the Roman Limes
in Upper Germany and the Agri Decumates.
Attention was drawn to the thorough and
systematic exploration carried out recently by the
Imperial Government of the roads, forts, Hadrian's
palisade, and tho later wall and earthworks. The
permanent occupation of the country under
Vespasian and its abandonment about 250 a.d.
were demonstrated. — A short discussion followed,
in which Mr. Seebohm, Sir Henry Howorth, and
Sir Alfred Lyall took part.
Physical.— March 9.— Dr. C. Chree, V.P., in
the chair. — Prof. H. A. Wilson read a paper on
' The Velocities of the Ions of Alkali Salt Vapours
at High Temperatures.' — Dr. J. A. Harker read a
paper ' On some Experiments on Earth-Currents afr
Ke\r Observatory.'
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Mon. InHtitut* of Actunrio«, 5. — 'Some A»i*ct» of R«i»trat on of
Till.- to I-in.l. Mr. J. U. Hart.
— Sorietj of Artn. s.— 'Firr. Fire Ritka, init Fire Kitinctfom,'
Lactam ill . IVof V. It Lmria,
— Burvpyoro' Inatitatloo, s — IH^iiMinn on 'The Mnoi of Loco-
motion »rnl Transport in London.'
Ti-ks. Kojal Institution. 3.— 'Tho lufliirno- of Oto\ogj on Scroerr,'
I,-, turo II.. Mr. J. E. Marr. iTjii.iall Locturr I
— Institution of (oil Engineer*. 8.— Diaonaisa on 'Ttie outer
Barrier, Hodburow Iron Uinea '
Wai. Sorietjr of Arts. 1— • 'Oaal OoooarTattoa. Power TranrmiaiUoa,
ind Smoke Prerontlon,' Mr A .1 Martin.
Turks. Royal. *.sn.
— Bonl Institution. 5— 'Int#rnal-Comt>ustion Eneinea.' Lecture
H Prof. It Hopkinmn.
— Institution of EN rtrical Engineer*. « —A'tjotirnnl DSajaaajoa
on 'Electrical Equipment of the Ahentare (Vllierie* of the
Powell Duffrjn Company.' nn.l ' Electric Wimlini; Considered
1'r.titHaUT and Commercially.'
— Society of Antiquaries. MO.— 'On some Antiquities found at
Hun Hill. Somerset, and in tlie Ncinhlourhood.' Mr.
II St (i (Jray.
Fai. Royal Institution. 9— ' Keo-nt Pronresa in Magneto-Optic*,'
Prof. P, 7.r»-man.
Sat. Royal Institution. .1 —The Corpuscular Theory of Matter,'
Lecture V., Prof. .1. ,1. Thomson.
&£icnct (gossip.
Thk Clarendon Press have ready ' Greek
Theories of Elementary Cognition from
Alcmaeon to Aristotle,' by Prof. John I.
1 Scare, an important book which gathers
from Aristotle and elsewhere the Greek con-
tribution to tho psychology of the senses.
Mr. Fbowdk is about to publish for th©
Radcliffe Trustees a * Catalogue of 1,772
Staris, chiefly comprised within tho Zonft
N°4091, March 24, 1906
THE ATHENHUM
369
85°-90« N.P.D., for the Epoch 1900,'
■deduced from observations made at the
Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford, during the
years 1894-1903, under the direction of
Dr. A. A. Rambaut.
The death, in his fifty-fifth year, is an-
nounced from Kasan of the Rector of the
University, the anatomist Nikolas Ljubimov.
His best-known work was a handbook of
pathological anatomy, which ran through
several editions.
A new comet (c, 1906) was discovered at
Melbourne by Mr. David Ross, the honorary
secretary of the Victoria branch of the British
Astronomical Association, on the evening
of the 18th inst. It was situated in the
constellation Cetus, and moving in a north-
easterly direction.
The small planet No. 400, which was
discovered by M. Charlois at Nice on
March 15th, 1895, has been named by him
Ducrosa. In a later examination of plates
taken in 1902, Prof. Max Wolf has noted a
small planet registered on March 5th, which
had been overlooked until now. He dis-
covered another on the 4th inst. In correc-
tion of the notes in our ' Science Gossip ' last
week it may be stated that, in addition to
the planet discovered bj' Prof. Wolf on the
3rd inst., one was detected by Herr Kopff
on the same day ; also that three of Mr.
Metcalf's (of which he now publishes later
observations) were found on the 16th ult.,
not one on the 17th. Dr. J. Palisa, of
Vienna, also publishes further observations
of recent discoveries.
Herr Ebell, of the Bureau of the Astro-
nomische Nachrichten, Kiel, in publishing
(No. 4079) elements of Kopff 's comet
(6, 1906), remarks that they will require
revision on account of the slow motion of
the comet, but will suffice to indicate its
place for the rest of this month. According
to these, the comet passed its perihelion on
January 4th, at the distance from the sun
of 1*08 in terms of the earth's mean distance.
Its present distance from the earth is 0-68
on the same scale, or about 63,000,000 miles,
and increasing. The inclination and eccen-
tricity of the orbit are small. The comet is
etill in the south-eastern part of the constel-
lation Leo, between the stars t and v Leonis.
Next week its brightness will amount to only
about a quarter of what it was at the time of
discovery.
A new variable star of the Algol type has
been discovered in the constellation Perseus
by Herr Sigurd Enebo at Dombaas, Dovre,
in the province of Christiania, Norway. In
the Bonn ' Durchmusterung ' it is numbered
+ 41°. 851, and the magnitude is given as
9*4. When at a minimum it is invisible
with a small telescope ; Herr J. F. Schroter,
Director of the Christiania Observatory,
states that, on account of the con-
tinuous unfavourable weather, he has not
been able to look for it since its discovery.
The period, according to Herr Enebo's
observations, must be either about 13 days
or an aliquot part of that number. The
etar will be reckoned as var. 29, 1906, Persei.
Another variable, which appears to be also
of the Algol type, has been found by Prof.
M. and Herr G. Wolf in the constellation
<3emini. In the Bonn ' Durchmusterung '
it is numbered +23°. 1151, and the variability
is not great, the magnitude being above the
ninth when brightest and below the tenth
when faintest. Dr. Graff, of Hamburg,
confirms the variability and its type, and
places the changes of brightness between
96 and 110 magnitude. The star will
reckon as var. 30, 1906, Geminorum.
FINE ARTS
THE WORK OF CHARLES FURSE.
The exhibition of the work of Charles
Furse that the Burlington Fine-Arts Club
has brought together is one that will de-
servedly attract considerable attention, for
his art was very popular, and he was, more-
over, one of the champions of a considerable
section of critical opinion. Indeed, there
were not wanting voices to declare that but
for his untimely death he might have taken
his place at the very head of the English
School.
Such enthusiasts must be prepared for a
slight sense of disappointment on seeing
these collected works. The paintings that
each took so handsomely central a position
among a group of weaker rivals, have a
little the air of competing with one another :
to say the worst about them at once, they
are " Academy pictures," and look it. It
is like the distinction between the girl who
dresses to make herself look as nice as
possible and the other who wants to look
nicer than any one else — a distinction
subtle, but unmistakably recognizable in the
result. So in these pictures we hardly ever
find the painter absorbed in making a merely
beautiful thing, but rather alert to produce
a striking one, though here in justice we
ought to distinguish between the attempt
to outshine a rival and the determination
to stand up to the challenge of nature, that
strongest of rivals, of whose presence Furse
was always so keenly conscious. Furse
6tood for directness of attack in painting,
for broad, yet in certain respects extremely
literal truth to nature, and critics who wished
to see a revival of those qualities in English
art backed him with their approval. The
battle is now won, and already it is time to
disengage from his achievement what is
admirable and worth following — to deprecate
in fact, the indiscriminate discipleship with
which painters of an impressionable age or
character pay tribute to the successful
artist.
A glance round the galleries will explain
the general approval these pictures have
gained. Their author was thoroughly normal.
His work was one long hymn in praise of
the healthy outdoor existence which, by a
cruelty of fate, he was fully to enjoy only
at intervals. Every one must admire the
vigour with which, invalid as he was, he
sang the praises of youth and health and
spirits ; yet sometimes the quality of the
homage was a little coarse, more particularly
in such work as his last big Academy
picture, ' Cubbing with the York and Ainsty . '
The dogs between the horses' legs are admir-
able in animal vigour ; the children — well,
perhaps we demand more in the portrait
of children than the presentation of animal
vigour. At all events, they seem treated
inadequately, as are his children generally,
though they are chubby and apple-cheeked
enough to satisfy any worshipper of health.
In a word, the painter of these pictures
has made them as real as nature, instead of
making them as beautiful. The convention
which he adopted, and which bids fair to
be the ruling one in modern painting for a
long time to come, consists in laying out as
directly and vigorously as possible the
leading planes which make up the external
forms of a figure, with great attention to
getting the colours of these planes pitched
at the highest degree of brilliant contrast,
but with loss attention to the subtle forms
which the line draughtsman seizes, and
which mark the division between those
planes. The want of this closer delineation
of form the modern painter thinks to provide
against — and to some extent does so — by
the eloquence of a very expressive stroke.
The limitations of a plane are not always
very accurately defined, but its direction
and its scarcely perceptible modulations are
hinted at by the very tooth and grain of
the paint as the brush has twisted it ; and
this looseness of facture has the advantage
that if it does not display so closely as the
earlier art exactly what things the painter
has seen, it betrays more clearly the order
in which he has seen them.
This modern convention does not appear
to be at bottom very suitable for portraiture
of a serious order, though the greatest
living portrait painter has brought it to
perfection. The best of Furse's portraits
in the Sargent manner — say that of Mr.
Luxmoore, for example — do not prevent one
regretting that he should have abandoned
the more intent and serious, if less wonderful
technique of his beautiful portrait of William.
Cory. His greatest successes, in fact, in
the later manner were not pure portraits,
but groups with animals in the open air.
He had a feeling for big canvases — the
technical instinct that told him that
for these purposes the ordinary paints of
the artist's colourman were positively too
finely ground, too smooth to be suitabh3 —
that it was necessary to plaster the paint
on very thick, in firmly corrugated strokes,
to give a surface of any handsomeness and
life. Often this handsome paint, as in the
Diana of the Uplands, suddenly ceases
when he comes to paint the head. He
feels that more refinement is necessary, and
neither in colour nor in surface is the head
of the same stuff as the rest of the picture.
This kind of painting seems, in the hands of
a man of great energy and vitality like Furse,
to lead to the production of huge impromptus,
commemorations of some picturesque occa-
sion where the sitter is not more the subject
of the picture than the glamour of time
and place. For divining this — perhaps the
best field for utilizing the manner of painting
now fashionable — Furse deserves the greatest
credit. In the handling of the official
portrait group in white satin he attained
great proficiency, but never for a moment
approached Mr. Sargent, who, indeed,
figures in the exhibition rather as corrupter
than as inspirer. The brief Whistlerian
phase, on the other hand, was most beneficial
to a colourist endowed with more courage
than discretion, and one regrets that the
Bishop Stnbbs should be virtually the only
representative of that period.
Perhaps it is not really the only one, how-
ever, for among a number of other sketch
designs (all rather poor with this exception)
the Spandril for the Liverpool Town Hall :
Ships Unloading, stands out as a finely
ordered reticent work of the highest power
— possibly the most entirely satisfactory
piece of painting in the show. You have but
to look at it to see in what the brilliant, but
hardly scholarly sketch of Timber Haulers
falls short. With its greater research of
detail, its greater restraint of colour, its
direction at once more serious and more
quaint than was usual with him, it gives us
some clue to what Furse might have attained
with a happier destiny.
LONDON, AND SOME ENGRAVINGS
BY MASTERS.
The man who sets out to do a series of
architectural water-colour drawings has a
harder task than he once had. rhoto-
870
THE ATHENAEUM
N*4091, Makch 24, 1906
crapliv has made him no longer B necessity,
and he has to justify Ins existence by some
v.mv definite .harm. The zest of an im-
promptu Bketch, the critical power of a
teen student of architecture who stresses
and throws into relief the structural sense
and logic of the building, the deftness of
mind and hand that makes of a complex
drawing a feat of light technical gymnastics
airily done— these qualities combined excuse
handsomely a water-colour record of this
sort They meet with singular happiness
in Mr. Fulleylove's smaller drawing of the
interior of St. Paul's at the Fine- Art Society s
—so happily, indeed, that in almost all the
other sketches one feels a slight lack of one
or other of them.
The collection of particularly fine proois
after Diirer, Meryon, Whistler, and Sir F. S.
Haden, which Mr. Gutekunst shows m King
Street is one of those occasions of seeing
modern by the side of the finest old work which
are always welcome, and which we should like
to see the rule rather than the exception.
The earliest master remains the most entirely
satisfactory in his acceptance of the require-
ments of the art. He will be absolutely
sure that he gives something worth being
multiplied— no light sketches, but the very
fullest treatment of his subject, yet no
line fails to enrich our knowledge ot
the form of his inventions. In Meryon
there is by comparison almost a beginning
of that photographic darkening that was
to make etching ultimately a matter ot
shadowy tone as much as of sculptural form.
It is surprising in the face of two such masters
to find Whistler holding his own so well.
He does it by force of charm in The Garden-
in The Rialto and The Bridge by the wonderful
continuity of the stream of graceful inven-
tion and observation, which makes his
crowd so interesting and spontaneous in
detail, and in mass so constructive. At
bottom, for all its butterfly handling, it
has the same basis as the art of Canaletto.
SALE.
The sale at Messrs. Christie's on the 17th inst.
was ratable for the prices fetched by Guardi s
picture, San Giorgio Maggiore and the Gmdecca
■Canal, Venice, 1,7851 and by Morland s Hie
Deserter Pardoned, 1,417/. The following pictures
were also sold: F. Guardi, A View at Venice,
with boats, gondolas, and figures, 3/8/. ; Islands
near Venice, with boats, gondolas, and figures,
325* ; The Interior of a Palace, with numerous
ladies and gentlemen at a masquerade, 588/. ; An
Ante-Room in a Palace, with senators and other
figures, 262/. J. Verspronck, Portrait of a Gentle-
man in black dress, with lace collar and cuffs,
189?. P. Nasmyth, A Woody Road Scene, with
peasants, waggon, and fallen timber, 147/. Fran-
cesco Torbido, Portrait of a Gentleman, in dark
dress and cap, holding a dagger, 110/. Drawing:
D, Gardner, Portrait of Eleanor, Wife of William,
first Lord Auckland, 115/.
Jfitu-jlrt (gossip.
Yi^terday was the press view of the
show of the Royal Society of British Artists
at their Suffolk Street Galleries.
To-day Messrs. Dickinson invite us to a
private view of original etchings by Sir
F. S. Haden, Mr. D. Y. Cameron, and
others.
An exhibition of water-colour drawings
of ' The Thames from Source to Sea,' by
Mr. Ernest W. Haslehurst, has been opened
in the same galleries this week.
Messrs. Ernest Brown & Phillips
invite us to a private view to-day, at the
Leicester Galleries, of water-colours of
Surrey by Mr. Sutton Palmer.
Mu. .J. Shapland has on view at the Dor6
Gallery till April 7th water-colour drawings
of ' Devonshire Scenery and Italian Lakes.'
Messrs. Shepherd opened to private
viow this week their spring exhibition of
landscapes and portraits by masters of the
Early British School.
The London Sketch Club are " at home "
at the Graves Galleries to-day. Their
exhibition will remain open for some time.
At the Ryder Gallery there is a private
view on Tuesday next of water-colour
drawings and sketches of ' Upper Thames,
the East Coast, Westmoreland, Scotland,
&c.,' by Mr. F. Dixey.
At the Carfax Gallery next Wednesday
there will be a private view of water-colour
drawings by Mr. D. S. MacColl.
The exhibition which the International
Society, on the invitation of the Corporation
of Nottingham, arranged in the Castle Art
Gallery, has now been open a fortnight, and
has been very favourably received.
Mr. William Hole has completed the
series of original pictures of the life of Jesus
upon which he has been engaged for three
years, and these will be exhibited in the
rooms of the Fine-Art Society early next
month. Afterwards they will be shown in
some of the principal towns of the United
Kingdom, including Glasgow and Edinburgh.
The pictures will be published in book form
by the Fine-Art Society in the autumn.
The artist has executed his pictures after
studying in Palestine.
The French Administration of the Fine
Arts have just decided a question " qui
mettra quelque tranquillite dans l'ame des
Presidents de la Republique passes et
futures." The official bust of the President
exhibited at the Louvre during the " sep-
tennat " will be transferred to Versailles
when the duties at the Elysee are undertaken
by a new chief. Hitherto these busts have
been stored away in some underground room,
and generally forgotten. In future, there-
fore, we shall have at Versailles the busts
of the past-Presidents of the Republic vis-d-
vis with those of Louis XIV., Napoleon, and
others.
A very interesting portrait of Madame
de Pompadour by Carle van Loo was sold
on Monday last at the Hotel Drouot, Paris,
by M. Paul Chevallier. It is one of two
portraits, painted by Van Loo in or about
1 7 50, of the Pompadour. Both are mentioned
in the ' Correspondance de Madame de
Pompadour,' published in 1878, and both
were engraved by Beauvarlet — one as ' La
Sultane,' and the other as ' La Belle Jar-
diniere ' ; and reproductions of the two
appear in an article on ' Les Portraits de la
Pompadour ' in the current issue of L'Art
et les Artistes. The original picture of ' La
Belle Jardiniere ' was exhibited at Messrs.
T. Agnew & Sons' Gallery last autumn, and
is now in a well-known collection. The
portrait of ' La Sultane,' which realized on
Monday 29,000fr., is described in the sal©
catalogue as having been in the Argenville
sale of March 7th, 1778 ; if so, it then fetched
a very small price, for it is not quoted in
Blanc's resume of that sale in his ' Tresor
de la Curiosite.' As a matter of fact, the
two original portraits by Van Loo were
inherited by the Pompadour's brother, the
Marquis de Marigny, and were included in
his sale in 1782. Van Loo probably made
more than one replica of each of these
portraits.
A Danish art exhibition is under contem-
plation for next year at the Guildhall Art
Gallery. It will contain, among other
pictures, some from the Copenhagen museums
by permission of the Danish Government.
Thk sudden death, in Rome, is announced
of M. Emile Soldi, who, after learning the
art of bookbinding, took up engraving in
medals, and orentually achieved much
success as a sculptor. He was the son of
M. Soldyck, a professor of German, and a
native of Denmark, who became a natural-
ized Frenchman. M. Soldi was born in Paris
on May 27th, 1846. Soon after taking the
Prix de Rome for his medallic work he
devoted himself to sculpture : the statue
of ' Flora ' in the Tuileries gardens, tlie
medallion of ' Gallia ' at the Luxembourg,
and a remarkable portrait of Chevreul are
among his most noteworthy works. He
was one of the founders of the Societe
des Fouilles Archeologiques. He published
several works on " la langue sacree," and
believed that he had discovered the traces
and symbols of the primitive tongue.
MM. Manzi & Joy ant announce as "en
souscription " 'J. H. Fragonard, 1732-
1806,' by M. Pierre de Nolhac, the well-
known Keeper of the National Museum at
Versailles. The volume will appear in the
autumn in various expensive editions, and
will have at least sixty plates.
The forthcoming number of Tlie Reliquary
and Illustrated Archaeologist will contain
articles on ' Sanctuary Rings,' ' Steetley
Chapel, Derbyshire,' ' Suggested Moorish
Origin of Certain Amulets in use in Great
Britain,' and ' Notes on the Evolution of
the Means of Transport by Land and Water/
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
iEoLiAN Hall. — Tenth Broadwood Concert,
Mr. Joseph Holbrooke's Sextet, for
two violins, two violas, and two 'cellos,
Op. 16, No. 1, was performed at the tenth.
Broadwood Concert last Thursday week,
by Messrs. J. Saunders, V. Addison, E.
Yonge, C. Woodhouse, C. Preuveneers,
and C. H. O'Donnell. The industrious
composer has been much in evidence of
late ; works of his have been heard not
only at concerts, but also at important
provincial festivals. The Sextet in
question is clever and full of life, though
on the whole there is a lack of spon-
taneity and soul. The middle section,
however, has a touch of poetry, while the
music of the Finale is vigorous and jovial.
The programme included Arensky's pleas-
ing Suite No. 1, for two pianofortes, with
Mile. Mania Seguel and Mr. Holbrooke as
successful performers. Mr. Dalton Baker
greatly pleased by his refined rendering
of songs by Brahms and Schubert.
Queen's Hall. — Herr Salter's Pianoforte
Recital.
Herr Emil Sauer, who gave a recital at
the Queen's Hall on Monday afternoon,
justly ranks among the great pianists of
the 'present day. In Bach's ' Italian ''
Concerto and in Beethoven's Sonata in
E, Op. 109, the first two numbers on the
programme, his attitude towards those
masters was most respectful; there was
no attempt to bring the music up to date,
except, perhaps, in the very rapid rate
at which the final movement of the con-
certo was taken. In the middle slow
N°4091, March 24, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
371
movement he seemed to be so anxious
to avoid anything of the sort that the
tone-colour became somewhat cold. There
was some fine playing in the sonata, but
here also there was a certain lack of
warmth and tenderness. Various short
solos followed, of which may be noted
Mendelssohn's own arrangement of the
Scherzo from his ' Midsummer Night's
Dream ' music, in which Herr Sauer's
crisp, light touch was displayed to advan-
tage ; and Schubert's lovely Impromptu,
Op. 90, No. 3, beautifully played, but
unfortunately disfigured by some tawdry
additions of Liszt quite out of keeping
with the simple music. If only the piece
had been announced as by Schubert-Liszt,
there would be no ground for complaint ;
for if Herr Sauer approves of the Liszt
version, he is fully justified in using it.
Any one acquainted with Schubert's style
of writing, though unacquainted, perhaps,
with that particular piece, must have been
sorely puzzled by the mixture of styles.
This may seem a small matter, but most
pianists now before the public adhere
strictly to the text of the great composers ;
yet at one time this was not so. Herr
Sauer, whose reputation is so great, might
set a better example. He played Chopin's
Fantasia in f minor, and though he did
not altogether spoil the poetry of the
piece, he did not improve it by certain
affectations. In two Etudes of his own
composition — show pieces of little musical
value — and especially in Liszt's ' Don
Juan ' Fantasia, he astonished his audience
by his wonderful ease in overcoming
technical difficulties with which few
pianists care to grapple. If in some ways
Herr Sauer disappoints us, it must not
be forgotten that great pianists, like great
men generally, ought not to be judged by
everyday rules ; they have temptations
to which ordinary players are not exposed.
The possession of exceptional technique
almost inevitably leads to the love of
display, which sometimes is felt where it is
least desirable.
iEoLiAN Hall. — Dr. Lierhammer 's Song
Recital.
Dr. Theo. Lierhammer is always active
in^his search for novelties, and nine recent
additions to his repertory were included
in the programme of his recital at the
iEolian Hall last Tuesday evening. An
expressive song, with skilful colouring,
composed by Eduard Behm, was entitled
' Nachtgebet ' ; while in ' Es ist ein hold
Gewimmel,' by Hugo Kaun, both the
vocal part and the accompaniment engaged
the ear agreeably. Max Reger contributed
his sombre ' Beim Schneewetter ' and
moderately effective ' Waldeinsamkeit,'
the latter being tuneful, though the style
is somewhat too heavy for a light-hearted
lyric. Not much inspiration was revealed
in Heinrich van Eyken's ' Schmied
Schraerz,' but Sigismund von Hausegger's
' Abendwolke ' showed a feeling for the
picturesque, and the merry ' Das Katzchen '
of Ernst Boehe ran a consistently cheerful
course. The opening of Geo. H. Clut-
sam's ' Once at the Angelus ' brought to
mind Schubert's ' Wanderer,' but the
English composer's song proved expressive
and effective. All the examples named
were interpreted with notable care and
understanding by the talented Viennese
baritone.
iftiisital (jinsstp.
Miss Mabie Hall, who has just returned
to'England after a successful tour in America,
made her reappearance at the London Ballad
Concert at Queen's Hall on Friday afternoon
of last week. She exhibited her fine and
certain technique in Wieniawski's Polonaise
in a major, and also played Saint-Saens's
' Le Cygne,' and pieces by Schubert and
Novacek with skill and good taste. Among
the vocalists were Miss Amy Castles (who
sang with fluency and effect M. Bemberg's
' Nyraphes et Sylvains ' ), Miss Verena Fan-
court, Mr. Ivor Foster and Mr. Watkin
Mills.
The programme of the fifth Nora Ulench
Quartet Concert next Tuesday evening
includes Beethoven's ' Grosse Fuge,' Op. 133,
which originally was the final movement of
the great Quartet in b flat, but for which
the composer, on the advice of his friends,
substituted a movement of much lighter
character. The Fugue in question has not,
we believe, been heard in London for over
twenty years.
Three interesting collections of Shak-
spearoan music wiil be sold by Messrs.
Sotheby. Wilkinson & Hodge next Thurs-
day.
Dr. Camille Saint-Saens has set to
music the poem of M. Charles Leconte, ' A la
Gloire de Corneille,' for ten soloists, chorus,
organ, and orchestra, and the work will be
performed at Beziers on the occasion of the
festival in celebration of the tercentenary of
the birth of the great French poet.
It is announced that at the close of the
season Herr Felix von Weingartner will not
only cease to conduct the Symphony
Concerts, but will also resign all other
engagements of the kind. The reason
assigned is that he intends to devote
himself entirely to literary work and com-
position. During many years he has proved
himself a conductor of the first rank, and
his loss will be severely felt.
At Monte Carlo on Saturday, the 10th
inst., was performed for the first time an
opera of Georges Bizet's entitled ' Don
Procopio.' This was the first work sent by
the composer from the Acad^mie des Beaux-
Arts at Rome, whither he went in 1859, as
winner of the Grand Prix. In a report on
the works received from Rome this opera
was declared notable for its bold touches
and for its youthful style, " qualites
precieuses pour le genre comique." Some-
how or other, the score got mislaid, and it
was only a year or two ago that it was dis-
covered by M. Charles Malherbe. The per-
formance appears to have been eminently
successful. We shall shortly be able to
quote some opinions of the work itself.
Bus.
Ho*.
Tues.
\Vm>.
Turns
Km.
Sat.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Sunday Society*! Concert, 3 30, Queen's Hall.
Sunday League Concert. 7. Queen's Hall.
London Symphony Orchestra, 8, Queen'a Hill.
Mi^ Vivien Chartret'a \ lolfn Recital i. Queen'a Hall.
I/indon Choral Society, 8. Qi n't Hall.
UJ88 Betty Booker and Mr. K. Harford's Concert, s.30, JJolian
Hall."
Nora Clench Quartet, 8.30, TSeelistein Hall.
Miss Tora Hwass's Pianoforte Red! d, 8, Saltan Hall.
Miss Ethel Nettleahip'a 'Cello Recital, 8, Bet lutein Hall.
Mr. Aldo AntoniettTi Orchestral Concert, 8.80, Queen I Hall.
M Havrel ■ s,.mr Recital, 8, Bechrteln HalL
Broadwood Concert, 8.30, tfiolian Ball
Mis- iiay Winifred's Violin Rei II ll B 30, Bechitetn Hall.
Madame Irnia Saengcr Sethe's Violin Recital, 3, Bcchstein
Hall.
Madame Kenna's Concert. 8, Steinway Hall.
Miss igne* Maxwell'! Concert, 3, stein way Hall.
Queens Hall < ireheetra, 3, Queen I Hill.
Madame Sohrinu's Pianoforte and Song Recital, 3, Bcchstein
ll
London Symphony Orchestra. 8.30, Crystal Talaoe.
DRAMA
THE WEEK.
Waldorf. — The Heir-at-Law. By George
Coleman [sic] the Younger. Played in
Three Acts.
In his passage from the Haymarket to
the Waldorf Mr. Cyril Maude maintains
some of the best traditions he inherits
from his former home. At the Haymarket
revivals of the two comic masterpieces of
Sheridan and the only less popular ' She
Stoops to Conquer ' of Goldsmith have
been steadily recurrent ; while those of
the best works of the Colmans, Morton,
O'Keeffe, and others of later days have
been witnessed at longer intervals. In
producing ' The Heir-at-Law ' of the
younger Colman Mr. Maude awakens
memories which have virtually slept since
the days of John S. Clarke, who was seen
in it in 1873. It was at the Strand, more
than a decade later, that that diverting
actor made the curious experiment of
doubling the characters of 'Zekiel Home-
spun and Dr. Pangloss. Opportunities
for comparison between old and modern
styles of acting are now almost non-
existent, since those who remember the
work in the days of its popularity
are belated veterans. Compared with
the treatment accorded the piece by
John S. Clarke, that now conceded is
reverent, and the principal parts are
rendered in a manner which furnishes at
least some reflections of the grand style.
Tolerance for innovation is demanded for
these among other reasons — that the
representation cherishes more of the old
spirit than is likely to be again trans-
mitted, and that the whole has a measure
of archaeological interest. The entire
performance has, indeed, what Hamlet
calls a " temperance that may give it
smoothness " ; and though there is some
want of colour, there is a praiseworthy
absence of extravagance and rant. Mr.
Maude's Dr. Pangloss is naturally the
most striking figure in the interpretation.
In appearance it recalls Dr. Syntax in the
illustrations of Rowlandson. It is more
refined, but less robust, than the Dr.
Pangloss of John S. Clarke, an eminently
diverting, but artistically intolerable ren-
dering. His quotations were given with a
quiet chuckle of true scholarship. Their
effect was not lost upon the audience,
which was eminently enthusiastic. When
it is remembered how few opportunities
have been afforded of benefiting by previous
performances, a fair amount of praise may
be bestowed on the general cast. Mr.
E. W. Garden displays commendable
breadth as Daniel Dowlas, for a brief
time elevated to the peerage as Lord
Duberly ; and Mr. Harry Nieholls is duly
exuberant as 'Zekiel Homespun. Mr.
G. M. Graham couples vivacity with self-
restraint as Dick Dowlas ; Miss Janet
Alexander is a sentimental Caroline
Dormer ; and Miss Madge Crichton an
agreeable Cicely Homespun. That the
piece has any very direct message to the
present generation may not. perhaps, be
372
THE ATHKNjEUM
N8 401)1, IJUMB 24, 1906
naid. A .iit.uii an -hair interest, however,
attaches t<> the ohsmcteks, the more
broadly oomic of which are erell designed.
On the tint productioD at the Saynuuket,
on July 15th, I7i>7, the east oompriaed
Fawoett m Paagkwe, Suett m Daniel
Dowlaa, afundm m Homeepoa, and
Charlei Kembleas Benrj Bforeland. Tne
female eharaiters, though of no special
unportanee, wire taken by Mrs. (iibbs,
Mrs. Davenport, and Miss I)e Camp
(afterwards Mrs. Charles kemble). The
bhade of the autlior should be disturbed
to find his name misspelt " Coleman "
on the programme.
Adelphi. — Measure for Measure.
The Shakspearean revivals at the Adelphi
have from the outset been artistic and
helpful, though occasionally in some
respects misjudged. That of ' Measure
for Measure ' is the most interesting and
the best. Something like a generation
has elapsed since the piece (never, for
obvious reasons, a favourite with manage-
ments) was seen in London, the last produc-
tion, and the only one to be recalled, being
that at the Haymarket of Miss Neilson.
On the present occasion the text has been
judiciously managed ; the mounting gener-
ally is illuminatory ; and the acting in the
principal parts is praiseworthy and even
fine. Mr. Oscar Asche's Angelo is the
best Shakspearean performance that con-
scientious actor has yet given us, and
entitles him to a place in stage annals.
More conventional, but very earnest, and
in a sense radiant, is the Isabella of Miss
Lily Brayton. These characters impress
deeply the audience. Other creditable
impersonations are the Duke of Mr.
Walter Hampden, the Claudio of Mr.
Harcourt Williams, and Mr. Alfred
Brydone's Escalus.
Dramatic (5ossip.
The revival at the Comedy of ' A Pair of
Spectacles,' the well-known adaptation by
Mr. Sydney Grundy of ' Les Petits Oiseaux '
of Labiche and Delacour, proved the piece
to have lost nothing of its hold upon the
public. Little, indeed, on the modern stage
offers a contrast finer than is supplied by the
two brothers — one of them played, with
Meissonier-like delicacy, by Mr. Hare, and
the other, with unsurpassable breadth and
colour, by Mr. Charles Groves. With the
revival was given for the first time ' After-
thoughts,' a lever de rideau by Mr. A. E.
Drinkwater, in which Mr. Gilbert Hare
presented a capital picture of a burglar, and
Miss Beatrice Forbes-Robertson displayed
much charm as a wife who thinks his visit
a practical joke on the part of a friend of her
husband.
' Captain Bkassbound's Conversion,' by
Mr. G. B. Shaw, was given for the first time
on Tuesday afternoon at the Court Theatre.
It is a less characteristic as well as a less
amusing piece than others of its author's
acted works, but caused, especially in the
later scenes, much diversion. Importance
was lent to the occasion by the engagement
of Miss Ellen Terry for the part of Lady
Cecily Waynflete, of which she gave a superb
rendering. Mr. Frederick Kerr, Mr. J. H.
Barm -. Mr. v.. Ghreon, Mid other favourite
BOton Combined tO supply an excellent
interpretation*
A ( tutus' amount of consideration
belongs to Mr. Brandon Thomee'i ' A Judge's
Memory,' given at Terry's Theatre, owing
to the ripe performance in it by Mr. James
Welch of atj old man who in his prosperous
age incurs the risk of detection by a judge
before whom he hud lircn tried. Mr. James
Fernandez and Miss Wallis also took part
in the representation.
' Kvkkyman ' seems now in the way of
constituting a regular Lenten entertainment
at the theatres. This year's representations
have been given on afternoons at outlying
theatres such as the Coronet and the Camden,
but are, during Holy Week, to be trans-
ferred to the Garrick.
' Susan in search of a Husband,' a
farce in four acts by Mr. Jerome K. Jerome,
has been given for copyright purposes at
the Scala Theatre, previous to its production
in New York with Miss Robson as the heroine.
Mr. Cyril Maude has in preparation at
the Waldorf ' Shore Acres,' a rustic melo-
drama which has enjoyed great popularity
in the United States, and has undergone
modifications to suit it to its destined home.
Mr. Leslie Faber purposes next summer
to take a company to Copenhagen for a
week. ' Lady Windermere's Fan ' is to be
given with several of the original exponents,
amongst them Miss Marion Terry.
' The Bondman,' an early novel of Mr.
Hall Caine, has been selected by that writer
as the subject of the new drama on which
he is occupied for Drury Lane. In order
to avoid a too strong resemblance to ' The
Prodigal Son,' certain scenes will be trans-
ferred from Iceland to Sicily.
The reproduction at the Court Theatre
of the ' Electra ' of Euripides in the render-
ing of Prof. Gilbert Murray will yield its
place to that of the ' Hippolytus,' due to the
same combination.
To Correspondents.— R. B. J.— J. W.— II. H.— Received.
H. W.— Many thanks.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
We cannot undertake to reply to inquiries concerning the
appearance of reviews of books.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
P*OE
Authors' Agents 340
Autotype Company 346
Bell A Sons 376
Bemrose 372
Black 374
Catalogues 346
Constable & Co. 347
Dent & Co. 350
Educational 345
Exhibitions 34.">
Wells Gardner & Co. 348
Heinemann 348
Hurst & Blackett 3;">0
Lane 375
M \i millan & Co. 350
Magazines, <6c 347
Miscellaneous 345
Mudie's Library 347
Murray Ml
N v*>H 374
Newspaper Agents Ml
Quaritcii 37S
Sales hy Auction ^ .. ..340
Situations Vacant 345
Situations Wanted 345
Smith, Elder & Co. 375
sonnenschkin a co. 349
Stock 374
Surgical Aid Society 346
Type-writers 34*
BEMROSE & SONS'
LIST OF NEW BOOKS AND
ANNOUNCEMENTS.
MANX CE088E8; or the Inscribed
and Sculptural Monumenta of the Isle of Man, from
about the end of the Fifth to the b-vwuiiii,. ,,f tfc.
Thirteenth Century. By 1'. M. ('. KKBMODK,
- I Fully illu»trated from Photographs and Iii.-iMing*
-P" nil) pr. -pir.-d by the Author. In 1 handsome Ho
volume, 11) in. by SJ In. ; printed on Van (/elder haad.
in;ide pap<-r, bound in full buckram, gilt top, with »p«rial
design oa the side. Price to Snbscrit* unem
net. The edition ii limited to *
[In thei
LONGTON HALL PORCELAIN.
Being Further Information relating to thi« interestm*
Fabrique. By WILLIAM BBMBOHB, F.N.A., Author
of ' Bow, Chelsea, and Derby Porcelain,' &.<■. Illustrated
with 27 Coloured Art Plates, 21 Collotype Plates, and
numerous Line and Half-Tone Illustrations in the Test.
Bound in handsome " Longtou-blue " cloth cover Mut-
ably designed, price 42*. net. Prospectus and Specimen
Plate will be sent on application.
THE VALUES OP OLD ENGLI8H
silvkr and bhkffibld plats, fhom t— j
fifteenth to thk nineteenth cknti'hies.
By .1. W. CALDICOTT. Edited by J. vr.VRKIE
GARDNER, F.S.A. 3,000 Selected Au.ti,.:
Records; 1,600 Separate Valuations; 6G0 Article-.
Illustrated with 00 Collotype Plates, 370 pages. Royal
4to, price to Subscribers, 42*. net. l*rospectus will be
sent on application. [Heady April
OLD ENGLISH GOLD PLATE. By
E. ALFRED JONES. With numerous tihstntj
existing specimens of Old English Odd Plate, which
by reason of their great rarity and historic v,lue
deserve publication in book form. The exatnp:
from the collections of Plate belonging to His Majesty
the King, the Dukes of Devonshire, Newcastle, Norfolk,
Portland, and Rutland, the Marquis of Ormonde, the
Earls of Craven, Derby, and Yarborough, Karl spencer.
Lord Fitzhardinge, Lord Waleran, Mr. Leonid de
Rothschild, the Colleges of Oxford and Cambridge, 4c.
Royal 4to, buckram, gilt top, price to 8
21* net [In the prttt.
THE CHURCH PLATE OF THE
DIOCESE OF BANGOR. By E. ALFRED Jl
With Illustrations of about One Hundred Pieces of < >ld
Plate, including a Pre-Refonnation Silver Chalice,
hitherto unknown, a Mazer Bowl, a, fine Elizabethan
Domestic Cup and Cover, n Tazza of the same period,
several Elizabethan Chalices, and other important
Plate from James I. to tJueen Anne. Royal 8vo, doth,
price to Subscribers, 15*. net. [In the y
MEMORIALS OF OLD HAMPSHIRE.
Edited by the Rev. (;. K. JEANS, M.A. 1- \
Author of Murray's ' Handbooks to Hampshire.' Dedi-
cated bj kind permission to His Grace the Duke of
Wellington, K.O. With numerous Dlusteatfcm
Demy 8vo, cloth extra, gilt top, price 15ft net
Among the Contributors are: P. J. (. HKA&N9HAW,
Professor of History in Hartley UhJrersity College ; Rev.
(i. N. GODWIN, B.D. ; Mrs. WLLLINGHAM BAWN8-
LEY; N. C. II. NISBKTT, A. R.I. HA. ; C. K. KBYSKi
I.s.A. ; LADY COPE; HORACE HUTCHINSON;
other eminent Writers.
LECTURES ON ENGLISH CHURCH
HISTORY. By the Rev. T. ALLISON, M.A ., Vice-
Principal ofWycliffa Hall, Oxford. Crown Jvo,
4*. 6<f. net (postage id.).
These Lectures cover the period prescribed by mo«<
Bishops for Ordination Examinations. Although specially
intended for use in the Lecture-rooms of Theological Col-
leges, the book may also be used by Candidates who are
studying privately.
Complete Catalogue will be senton application.
London :
BEMROSE & SONS, Limitbh, 4, Snow Hill, E.C.;
and Derby.
N'4091, March 24, 1906 THE ATHENiEUM 373
BERNARD QUARITCILJ5JPICCADILLY, LONDON, W.
NOW READY.
Price 51. 5s. 3 vols. pp. xxii, 560 ; xiii, 582 ; xiii, and 527, with 3 Frontispieces, royal Svo, cloth.
FAITHS OF MAN: A CYCLOPEDIA OF RELIGIONS.
By Major-General J. G. R. FORLONG, M.R.A.S. F.R.G.S. F.R.S.E. M.A.I. A.I.C.E. F.R.H.S.,
Author of ' Rivers of Life ' and ' Short Studies in the Science of Comparative Religions.'
This exhaustive Encyclopaedia of Religions is by an author whose previous works were very well received by* the press, and established his reputation as a scholar and a thinker.
But the present work is a great advance on his previous publications, both as regards the scope, and also the ripe learning of the writer.
It represents the summing up not only of his own work, but of that of all the leading scientific writers on the Faiths of Man during the last thirty years. It is founded on the
reading of some fifteen hundred volumes, including the best authorities on science and archaeology, and the publications of all the leading British Societies. By the author's direction
the whole has been edited and brought up to date by an experienced Orientalist, so as to include the latest archaeological discoveries ; and the editor in his preface, which represents a
precis of the whole work, states that the subject is "illustrated with a fulness of knowledge, a wealth of illustration, and a calmness of mind, which are probably not to be found
combined in any other work The truly religious character of the author's mind will be evident to the reader in all those articles which deal with Morality, Ethics, and Religion."
NOW READY.
THE 8AGA LIBRARY.
VOLUME IV. OF THE HEIMSKHINGLA.-BEING THE COMPLETION OF
THE STORIES OF THE KINGS OF NORWAY, CALLED THE ROUND WORLD (HeimskringiaX
By SNORRI STURLASON.
Done into English out of the Icelandic by WILLIAM MORRIS and EIRIKR MAGNUSSON.
Crown Svo, roxburghe, price 12s. Gd. net.
CONTENTS OP THE NEW VOLUME.
INDEX III. INDEX OF SUBJECTS, pp. 293-515.
CORRECTIONS, 1 leaf.
CONTENTS, PREFACE, and INTRODUCTION, xcii pp.
INDEX I. NAMES OF PERSONS AND PEOPLES, HISTORICAL, LEGENDARY,
MYTHICAL, pp. 1-238.
INDEX II. NAMES OF PLACES, pp. 239-292.
GENEALOGIES, xiv folding tables.
hat the volume now published grc
it importance to the student of Sc
Sold separately : Heimskringla, Vols. I. to III., 7s. 6d. net each ; Vol. IV., 12s. Gd. net.
After many delays the last volume of the HEIMSKRINGLA is ready for publication. It will be seen that the volume now published greatly exceeds in size that of the preceding
Yolumes. The three indexes contain a vast amount of original information' and research, and are of the utmost importance to the student of Scandinavian History.
PRELIMINARY NOTICE.
A HISTORY OF ORIENTAL CARPETS BEFORE 1800,
Including a Description of hitherto Unfigured Carpets in the Royal Collections of Sweden and Denmark.
By F. R, MARTIN.
TO BE ISSUED IN THREE PARTS, ATLAS FOLIO.
This work, which will be uniform in size and style with that issued by the Austrian Governme»t in 1892, is being printed at the Imperial Press, Vienna.
The text will contain about one hundred cuts illustrating the history of ancient carpets. In addition there will be thirty or thirty-two full-page plates, of which six or eight wilt
be fully coloured, each of the remainder having a key-portion in colour as in the work issued by the Austrian Government. The fully coloured plates will be taken from the carpets
which were presented to the Kings of Sweden and Norway by the Shah of Persia in the seventeenth century. These carpets have never been seen except on grand ceremonial occasions,
such as coronations, nor have they been described hitherto. They are in a splendid state of preservation and most beautiful in design and colouring. Some of the other plates will
represent carpets which have been in old Swedish collections since the seventeenth century.
The author has devoted the last twelve years to bringing together this unrivalled collection of carpet designs. His text, an exhaustive history of the carpets of the Orient, contains
many facts rediscovered by means of the Oriental and European geographical literature of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
To carpet manufacturers this book, containing so many new designs, will be of unique importance. Unlike the great Austrian book, which relied for its illustrations on carpets
exhibited publicly, the carpets figured in the work under notice are in private collections and, consequently, inaccessible.
The subscription price is 101. net. After the completion of the work it will be raised. Only two hundred and fifty copies will be for sale, of which five will be on silk. The price
for the latter is not fixed yet.
NOW READY.
1 vol. small Jto, idth Reproductions of Emblems by Jacob de Brack and Bornitius, cloth, gilt top, deckle edges, 6s. net.
LETTERS FROM THE DEAD TO THE DEAD.
Collected and Arranged with Notes, Comments, and a Glossary, by OLIVER LECTOR.
Contents :— Jacob da Bruuk to Francis Bacon— Francis Bacon to Jacob de Bruck— Henry Briggs to John Napier— John Napier to Henry Briggs— Guido Fawkes to Francis Bacon—
William Shakespeare to Francis Bacon — Francis Bacon to William Shakespeare— Notes, Critical and Explanatory— De Bruck's Latin Verses Englished.
The author ends : " My labour as Editor of these Letters has now been brought to an end. What men may say about this book or write about it concerns them and not me. To
those who are engaged in the business of erecting a national memorial to Bacon's Idol of the Theatre, William Shakespeare, I tender this unwelcome advice : — They had better lose no.
time. The ground beneath that Idol is heavily mined."
THE NATURAL HISTORY HANDBOOK TO THE RIVIERA.
1 vol. Svo, pp. xv- tfi 2, with Fvontispiece, 31 Plat ex, and 93 Illustrations in the Text, cloth extra, 10s. 6d. net.
RIVIERA NATURE NOTES.
A Popular Account of the more Conspicuous Plants and Animals of the Riviera and the Maritime Alps.
SECOND EDITION.
"The author of these delightful notes does not disclose his name. But there is abundance of internal evidence to show that it must be known to many who love the Riviera.
Some of the more gifted of these have helped him in his good work. A vast company of others will, we predict, bless their anonymous benefactor. He has done them the inestimable
service of teaching them to see. . . He has spent twelve summers in the mountains and villages of the Maritime Alps, and, as he tells the story of the trees and flowers, the rocks and
soils, the beetles and butterflies, he seems to beckon away the loungers of the promenades and casinos to the higher joys. Above all things, he is human and catholic in his sympathies.
That he is an Irishman he is almost at pains to proclaim ; but lie might safely have left the question of his nationality to the judgment of the percipient reader. He has his antipathies
a - w I'll as his enthusiasms, and is never so palpably good-humoured as when he is railing at some pet aversion orcrusliing his favourite form of Philistine or Prig. His handsome volume
is embellished with a number— we must adopt his own outspoken eulogy — of ' excellent illustrations of mountain scenery from the magnificent collection ' of his friend Mr. Duddell, and
some beautiful pictures of coast views and vegetation of the littoral zone, contributed by Miss K. Wilmott. These are only a few of his collaborateurs ; yet, when all is said, it is the
text, with its felicitous blending of a gossiping, almost rollicking, style, and the faithful revelation of the results of exact and loving observation, that constitutes the charm. Hi*
method can be best indicated by examples. The author takes each natural object in succession as the subject of a little monograph, in which are combined all sorts of light from science
and history, and observation, humorous and philosophic, of life. The Riviera becomes a little mirror of the universe, and the history of ancient days is invoked to illustrate the afternoon
walk."— Standard, February 9, lfxu.
NOW OFFERED AT GREATLY REDUCED PRICES.
BADGER (G. P.).— ENGLISH-ARABIC LEXICON, in which the Equivalents for English Words
and Sentences are rendered into Literary and Colloquial Arabic. Imperial 4to, xii and 1,248 pp. donble columns, cloth, 0?. 0*. 1831. Now offered at 2f. 2*.
LANE (E. W).— ARABIC-ENGLISH LEXICON, derived from the best and most copious Eastern
Sources. 8 vols, royal 4to, cloth, 101. 1863-8!). Now offered at 4/. 4*.
BERNARD QUARITCH, 15, Piccadilly, London, W.
374
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4091, March 24, 1906
MR. EVELEIGH NASH'S
LIST.
now READY, price \l». M-
THE GREAT LORD BURGHLEY
(WILLIAM CECIL).
1!\ MARTIN HUMS,
Author of "llir Stint of Heart VIII.,' 'The
Courtships of Qomo BUauMth,' Ac.
KKADY ON TUESDAY (March 27).
Dniiy Svo, with Portraits, price 16*. net.
TEN TUDOR STATESMEN.
By ARTHUR I). INNKS,
Author of ' England Under the Tadon,' Ac.
Contents . --Henry VII.— Cardinal Wolsry sir Thomas
More— Thomas ( Iromwell -Henry VIII.- Protector Somerset
— ArelibisliopCranmer- William Cecil-Sir Francis Walsing-
ham— Sir Walter ICtleigh.
AN INTENSELY INTERESTING BOOK.
Demy 8vo, price 7*. M. net.
WITH THE COSSACKS.
Being the Story of an Irishman who rode with the Cossacks
throughout the Russo-Japanese War.
By FRANCIS McCULLAGH.
GLOBE.— "The book is of intense, almost of breathless,
interest."
MORXISG POST.—" Will find plenty of readers."
A GREAT SUCCESS.
THIRD IMPRESSION NOW READY, price 10s. 6d. net.
WITH THE EMPRESS DOWAGER
OF CHINA.
By KATHARINE CARL.
A BOOK OF REAL YALUE.
THIRD IMPRESSION NOW READY.
FOURTH IMPRESSION IN PREPARATION.
Royal Svo, with 70 Dlustrations, price 15s. net.
VERSAILLES AND THE COURT
UNDER LOUIS XIV.
By JAMES E. FARMER.
A BOOK ABOUT THE TIMES WHEN MEN DID
NOT MOON AND SLOUCH THROUGH LIFE.
READY ON TUESDAY, price 3*. 6rf. net
IN THE DAYS OF THE DANDIES.
By ALEXANDER, LORD LAMINGTON.
Introduction by Sir HERBERT MAXWELL, Bart.
MR. CHARLES MARRIOTT'S BEST NOYEL.
SECOND IMPRESSION, price 6s.
THE LAPSE OF VIVIEN EADY.
By CHARLES MARRIOTT,
Author of 'The Column,' ' Mrs. Alemere's Elopement.'
MORNING POST.— "It seems to us that Mr. Charles
Marriott's 'The Lapse of Vivien Eady ' is the best book he
has hitherto produced."
TIMES.— " As a writer Mr. Marriott increases in virtue."
THE MOST HUMOROUS BOOK OF THE YEAR.
SECOND IMPRESSION, price 6*.
THE BLUE PETER.
By MORLEY ROBERTS,
Author of 'The Promotion of the Admiral,' &c.
DAILY TELEGRAPH.— "Vox a book of sea stories
delightfully fresh and humorous it would be difficult to
beat 'The Blue Peter.'"
ATIIENAiUM.—"'Mr. Roberts is out for a lark in this
book, and a lark he has."
A FINE STORY WHICH IS BEING
WIDELY READ.
Price C*.
BARDELYS THE MAGNIFICENT.
By RAFAEL SABATINT,
Author of 'The Tavern Knight,' etc.
DAILY MAIL.— "Thin romance belongs to the school
of Mr. Stanley Weyman, and it is doubtful if even that
ingenious and spirited writer could ha ve contrived a more
ingenious and spirited yarn."
ELLIOT STOCK'S
NEW BOOKS.
London: EVELEIGH NASH, 32, Bedford Street.
THE NATURALIST'S EDITION OF WHITE'S
SELBORNE.
In crown 8vo, suitably bound, price 6*. net.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF
>11. BORNE. By the Rev. GILBERT WHITE, MA.
Rearranged and Classified under Subjects by CHARLES
MOSLEY.
The following are the subjects under which the ' Letters '
are arranged : — Description of the Locality and Physical
Features— Sleteorology, Ac., Geology and Pain-ontology —
Ethnology— Mammals— Birds — Rept lies— Fishes — Ins.
Spiders and Mltoe WonM — Botany — Superstitions— Mis-
cellany The Naturalist's Summer Evening Walk— Index.
It has as a Frontispiece the large quaint folding plate of
the view of Selhorne which appeared in the First Edition,
published in 1789. A full Index is added for easy reference
to the details of the work.
Crown 4to size, suitably bound, and embellished by many
Illustrations of the locality, price lbs. net.
NOTES ON THE EARLIER
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF BARTON • OK-
HUMBER. By ROBERT BROWN, F.S.A. Illus-
trated by Yiews, Plans, and Maps.
"It would be extremely difficult to speak too highly of
this most interesting and valuable work from the peii of
Mr. Robert Brown, F.S.A., of Barton."
Eastern Slorning Netes.
A BOOK-RARITY FOR ANTIQUARIES AND
COLLECTORS.
Bound in cloth, gilt lettered, price 2s. 6d.
WENH ASTON & BULCAMP
(SUFFOLK) CURIOUS PARISH RECORDS. With
Description and Illustration of ' The Wenhaston Doom,'
the famous Painting of the Last Judgment in Wenhaston
Church, and a full ' Glossary of East Anglian Words and
Phrases.' By the Rev. J. B. CLARE, Vicar of Wen-
haston.
In crown 4to size, tastefully printed, appropriately bound
in cloth, price 6«. net.
THE GENEALOGY AND
FAMILY OF CHARLES HADDON SPURGEON.
With Notes on the Family in General, and particularly
the Essex Branch, from A.D. 14G5-1905. By WM.
MILLER HIGGS.
"Much interesting information relating to his family
history has come to light" — Methodist Times.
In crown 8vo, cloth, gilt lettered, price 6s. net.
SCHOOL AND SPORT: a Re-
cord of Work and Leisure. By TOM COLLINS,
late Head Master of the Newport (Salop) Grammar
School, formerly Assistant Master, King Edward's
School, Birmingham.
"A readable, wholesome, varied book, with views and
recollections of fishing and shooting, billiards and bridge,
Volunteering and Freemasonry, teaching, caning, and
feeding schoolboys, and much else." — Times.
NEW AND RECENT NOVELS.
NEW NOYEL BY THE AUTHOR OF
• LOTUS OR LAUREL ? '
In crown 8vo, cloth, gilt lettered, price 6s.
HASTY FRUIT By Helen
WALLACE, Author of ' The Greatest of These,' ' Lotus
or Laurel? ' &c.
NOW READY. In crown 8vo, cloth, gilt lettered, price
6s. net.
BARR AND SON. The Story of
a Modern Knight Errant. By EDWIN ELLIOTT,
Author of 'Who is My Brother?' 'Denys Forsaith's
Romance,' 'Curse of Xicotil,' 'Master of Culver,'
' Netta,' ' United,' &c.
"The book is full of incident, and interest is well sus-
tained, though at times we are a little perplexed by the
number of characters on the stage. The author, however,
has those well in hand, and cleverly works the story up to a
thrilling climax."— Co-operative News.
In crown 8vo, cloth, gilt lettered, price 6*\
LIFE'S PHASES. A Domestic
Story. By MARY ADAMS COLLINGS.
"It is drawn from real life, and would seem to be a
faithful record, for it presents a picture which is, alas ! only
too often to be seen in outline in newspaper reports."
fiMord.
ELLIOT STOCK, 02, Paternoster Row, London, E.C.
A TREATISE ON
ZOOLOGY.
Bditad ).y
K. RAY LANKE8TEB,
M.A. LL.D. J.I'. S.
NOW READY, PAST V.
MOLLUSC A.
By Dr. PAUL PELSENEEK.
Demy Svo, cloth, price 15*. net.
Or on thin paper, in paper cover, price 12«. 6c/
PARTS ALREADY PUBLISHED.
Part I. (Second Fascicle) INTRODUC-
TION and PROTOZOA.
Part II. PORIFERA and CCELEN-
TERA
Part HI. THE ECHINODERMA.
Part IT. MESOZOA, PLATYHELMIA
and NEMERTINI.
NATURE.—" The high character of the whole
work is fully established by the volume now before
us, and it can scarcely be doubted that this
treatise will, for some time to come, be regarded as
the standard English text-book for advanced
students of Zoology."
SCIENCE GOSSIP.— i( The volume last added
makes good our prophecy that this series would
form a standard treatise on Zoology, without equal
in the country. "
PUBLISHED BY
A. & C. BLACK, Soho Square, London, W,
DUBLIN UNIVERSITY PRESS SERIES
pATALOGUE OF FIFTEENTH - CENTURY
BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY OF TRINITY COLLI
DUBLIN, AND IN MARSH'S LIBRARY, DUBLIN
With a few from other Collections.
By T. K. ABBOTT, BD. LittD.,
Senior Fellow and Librarian of Trinity College, Dublin.
With 11 Illustrations. Svo, 10*. 6d. net.
LONGMANS, GREEN 4 CO.
39, Paternoster Row, London, E.C.
w
E It N E R
LAURIE.
SECOND EDITIONS are in the press of THE
MUMMY AND MISS NTTOCRIS, by GEOR'iE
GRIFFITH, and GEORGES OH NET' ^POISON
DEALER.
OfthcNonls r<ccntly issued by Mr. WERNHR
LAURIE a THIRD EDITH >N u NO W READY
of DANIEL WOODIiOFFLS BEAUTY SHOP
and the TENTH THOUSAND of VICTORIA
CROSS'S SIX WOMEN.
One of the met amusing and interesting Political
Books of recent years is REMINISCENCES OF
A COUNTRY POLITICIAN, by Air. JOHN
A. BRIDGES, J. P. 8s. <hl. net Just ready.
THE MUSIC LOVER'S LIBRARY. VOL. EL
STORIES FROM THE OPERAS, with Short
Biographies oj the Compoten, by GLADYS
DAVIDSON. Fully illustrated, crown Stv, cloth
<jilt, 3s. 6d, /k/.
WERNER LAURIE, Clifford's Inn, London.
N
ORAVICH UNION FIRE OFFICE.
Founded IW.
HEAD OFFICE: NOKWICH.
CHIEF /SO, Fleet Street, E.C.
LONDON OITK ES I. 71. Ti King William Street, E.C.
Claims Paid £19,042,000
Application! for Agencies united.
#•4091, Maech24,
1906
THE ATHENAEUM
375
MOORISH REMAINS IN SPAIN.
By A. F. CALVERT, Author of 'The Alhambra,'
' Life of Cervantes,' &c. With 80 Coloured Plates, 200
Black-and-White Illustrations, and 200 Diagrams.
Crown 4to, 42s. net. INow ready.
IMPRESSIONS OF JAPANESE
ARCHITECTURE AND
THE ALLIED ARTS.
By RALPH ADAMS CRAM, Fellow of the American
Institute of Architects, Member of the Society of Arts,
London, and Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.
With 60 Illustrations reproduced from Photographs.
Demy 8vo, 10*. 6d. net. [Now ready.
LOVE'S TESTAMENT:
A Sonnet Sequence. ByG. CONSTANT LOUNSBERY,
uniform with 'An Iseult Idyll and other Poems.' Crown
Svo, 3*. 6d. net. [Ready immediately.
AUGUSTINE THE MAN : a Play.
By AMELIE RIVES (Princess Troubetzkoy). Crown
Svo, 5*. net. [Ready shortly.
THE COMING OF LOVE:
Rhona Boswell's Story (a Sequel to ' Aylwin ') and other
Poems. Seventh Edition, Revised and Enlarged, with
a Photogravure Portrait of the Author after Rossetti
and a Preface by the Author. Crown 8vo, 5s. net.
THE CHAMPAGNE STANDARD.
By Mrs. JOHN LANE, Author of 'Kitwyk,' Ac.
Crown 8vo, 6*. [Third Edition.
"A delightful, candid book Mrs. Lane may be con-
gratulated on having that blessed sense of humour which is
one of the most valuable possessions in life." — Academy.
"Mrs. Lane treats each topic with such freshness and
originality that the book is as entertaining as it is sugges-
tive."— Athenaum.
"An exceptionally pleasing volume." — Daily Telegraph.
THE WILD FLOWERS
OF SELBORNE.
By the Rev. CANON VAUGHAN. Crown 8vo, 5*. net.
THE SONG OF SONGS,
WHICH IS SOLOMON'S.
A Lyrical Folk-Play of the Ancient Hebrews arranged
ill Seven Scenes. By FRANCIS COU1TS. With
Illustrations by HENRY OSPOVAT. In cloth, 1*. net ;
in leather, Is. 6d. net.
THE0D0R LESCHETIZKY.
By A. HULLAH. Crown 8vo, 2*. 64. net.
A new Volume in "The Living Masters of Music."
THE COUNTRY COTTAGE.
By GEORGE LLEWELLYN MORRIS and ESTHER
WOOD. With numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo,
3*. net.
X RAYS IN GENERAL PRACTICE.
By A. B. WALTER, Capt. I. M.S. Crown 8vo, 6*. net.
NEW NOVELS.
THE HOUSE BY THE BRIDGE.
By M. G. EASTON. Crown 8vo, 6*.
" Only an author who has considerable imaginative gifts
and ii talent fur noting dramatic revelations of character
could have written it." — Black and White.
THE NEWELL FORTUNE.
By MANSFIELD BROOKS. Crown 8vo, 6*.
[Ready immediately.
HAUNTINGS : Fantastic Stories.
By VERNON I.KK. Author of ' Hortus Vitfe,"The
Enchanted Woods,' and 'The Spirit of Rome.' Crown
Svo, ?,t. M. net
MOUNTAIN LOVERS.
By FIONA MACLEOD. Crown 8vo, 6*.
[New Ed II ion.
THE CLEANSING
OF THE "LORDS."
A Poli ti«a1 Romance. By HAROLD WINTLE. Crown
. fi*.
"One of the most brilliant and diverting of political
romances sine Disraeli died."— Morning Leader.
JOHN LANE, The Bodley Head, rigo Street, London, W.
MR. MURRAY'S
NEW BOOKS.
OUR WATERWAYS.
A History of Inland Navigation Considered as a
Branch of Water Conservancy. By URQUHART
A. FORBES, of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law,
and W. H. R. ASHFORD. With a Map
especially prepared to illustrate the Book. Demy
8vo, 12s. net.
" A volume full of valuable detail and descrip-
tion is full of facts not generally known, and
of particulars connected with the hydrography of
this sea-girt isle of ours which have not been got
together in any other similar work with which we
are acquainted." — Daily Graphic.
THE TRANSITION IN
AGRICULTURE.
By EDWIN A. PRATT, Author of 'Railways
and their Rates,' ' The Organization of Agricul-
ture,' &c. With Map and Illustrations. Large
crown 8vo, 5s. net.
WESTERN CULTURE IN
EASTERN LANDS.
A Comparison of the Methods adopted by England
and Russia in the Middle East. By ARMINIUS
VAMBERY, C.V.O., Author of 'Travels in
Central Asia,' &o. Medium 8vo, 12s. net.
NOTEWORTHY FAMILIES—
(SCIENCE).
An Index to Kinships in near Degrees between
Persons whose Achievements are Honourable and
have been publicly recorded. By FRANCIS
GALTON, D.C.L. Hon. D.So. (Camb.),F.R.S., and
EDGAR SCHUSTER, Galton Research Fellow in
Natural Eugenics. Crown Svo, 6*. net.
A CHEAP EDITION.
POEMS.
By BLISS CARMAN. On Hand-made Paper.
2 vols. Paper Covers. 10s. 6<2. net.
ST. MARGARET'S LECTURES.
FOURTH SERIES.
STUDIES OF ENGLISH
MYSTICS.
By the Rev. W. R. INGE, M.A., Fellow of Hert-
ford College, Vicar of All Saints, Ennismore
Gardens. Large crown 8vo, 6s. net.
A NEW NOVEL BY BASIL LUBBOCK.
JACK DERRINGER.
A Tale of Deep Water. By the Author of ' Round
the Horn before the Mast.' Crown 8vo, 6s.
SMITH, ELDER & CO.'S
NEW BOOKS.
ON MARCH 20, with a Photogravure Frontispiece,
small demy Svo, 10s. 6d. net.
SEVENTY YEARS' FISHING.
By CHARLES GEORGE BARRINGTON, C.B.,.
Formerly Assistant Secretary to the Treasury.
ON MARCH 26, with 7 Portrait Illustrations,
demy Svo, lis. net.
THE VICTORIAN
CHANCELLORS. Vol. I.
By J. B. ATLAY, BARRISTER-AT-LAW.
Author of ' Lord Cochrane's Trial before Lord Ellenborough , .
'Sir Henry Wentworth Acland, Bart. K.C.B. F.R.S. :
a Memoir,' &c.
*** The Work will be completed in a Second Volume.
ON MARCH 26, with 48 pages of Illustrations, including
Portraits of General Macdonald and Col. Younghusband,
small demy Svo, 10s. ed. net.
WITH MOUNTED
INFANTRY IN TIBET.
By Brevet-Major W. J. OTTLEY,
34th Sikh Pioneers.
ON MARCH 26, with a Photogravure Portrait of Mrs^
Browning from a Chalk Drawing by Mrs. BRIDELL FOX.
Crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. net.
ELIZABETH BAREETT
BROWNING in her LETTERS,
By PERCY LUBBOCK.
JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street, W.
JUST PUBLISHED, with 3 Photogravure Portraits,
Crown 8vo, 5*. net.
ROBERT BROWNING AND
ALFRED DOMETT.
Edited by FREDERIC G. KENYON,
D.Litt. F.B.A.
EVENING STANDARD.— "Admirers of Browning wilF
read it with delight and hasten to place it on their shelves."
JUST PUBLISHED, with a Photogravure Frontispiece, a
Facsimile, and 9 Half-Tone Illustrations,
Large post 8vo, Is. 6d. net,
A WOMAN OF WIT AND
WISDOM :
A Memoir of Mrs. Elizabeth Carter, one o
the " Bas Bleu " Society (1717-1806).
By ALICE C. G. GAUSSEN,
Author of ' A Later Pepys.'
MORN I NO POST.—- Her personality is full of interest,
which is intensified by its setting in a fascinating period."
NEW VOLUME OF
"THE WATERLOO LIBRARY."
PALL MALL GAZETTE.— "The best S». M. series
in the market."
THE BRASS BOTTLE.
By F. ANSTEY. With a Frontispiece.
[On March '.26.
THE C0RNHILL MAGAZINE.
FOR APRIL Price One Shilling.
Contents.
SIR JOHN CONSTANTINE. — Chaps. XX. XXI. By
A. T. Quillcr-Couoh.
A NEW TALE OF TWO CITIES. By Laurence Gomnio,
F.S.A.
HIS MATE. By Frances M. Peard.
A JOURNEY OF SURPRISES. By Mrs. Archibald
Little.
AN EASTER OFFERING.
THE NEW HOUSE OK COMMONS. By ,T. II. Yox;ill
M.P.
CONCERNING A MILLENNIUM. By A. P. Codlev.
SHADOWS OP DEGREES. By Arthur H. Henderson.
FROM A COLLEGE WINDOW. XII.
CHIPPINGE Chaps. X.-XII. By Stanley. I. Wevman.
London :
SMITH, ELDER k Co. 16, Waterloo Tlace, S.W.
,W>
THE ATI! EN jE UM
NM091, Mak-h 24, 1906
MESSRS. BELL'S PUBLICATIONS.
Catalogue or Prospectuses se?it post free on a/tj/h'ration.
M .v AND < BBAPKl EDITION, fit. 6.1. net.
HENRY VIII. AND THE ENGLISH MONASTERIES. By the
lti,ht K" ABBOT OA8QUET, D.D. o.s.r
tan IwO] 19ft net.
\ltradii March t*.
HENRY THE THIRD AND THE CHURCH: a Study of his
Krdesiaatic&l Policy and of (In- Relation* between England and Koine.
RigotBav. AMOTOA8QUBT, D.D. o.s.B.
NKW EDITION. iiiiunMo.lb. lift.
llv the
THE EVE OF THE REFORMATION: Studies in the Religions
life and Thought of the English People iii the Period preceding the Rejection of the
Romish Jurisdiction by Henry VIII. By the Rutin BeV. ABBOT OASQUET, I».J>.
O S B.
In 2 vols, bare* poet Bvo, THIRD EDITION, Uc net.
LIFE OF NAPOLEON I. By J. Holland Rose, Litt.D., late Scholar
of Christ'* College, Cambridge. Largely compiled from New Materials taken from
the British Official Records. With numerous Illustrations, Maps, nnU Plana,
Also a CHEAPER KDITION, without the Illustrations, 2 vols. 10*. net.
Post Bto, with Mips, fa M. net.
NAPOLEONIC STUDIES. By J. Holland Rose, Litt.D.
3 \ols. small post 8>o, 0*. each.
CARLYLE'S FRENCH REVOLUTION. Edited, with Introduction,
Notes, and Appendices, by J. HOLLAND ROSE, Litt.D., Author of ' The Life of
Napoleon I.'
Also LIBRARY EDITION. Post Svo, gilt, :l vol*. 21*. net.
THE FOUNDATIONS
Large post Svo, is. net.
OF MODERN EUROPE.
Twelve Lectures
delivered at the University of London. By EMIL REICH, Doctor Juris, Author of
' A New Student's Atla.s of English History,' ' Gnpco-Roman Institutions, ' ' History
of Civilisation,' etc.
In 6 vols, crown Svo, with Maps, 6s. net each.
HISTORY OF MODERN EUROPE FROM THE TAKING OF
CONSTANTINOPLE TO THE PRESENT TIME. By Dr. T. H. DVER. A tfew
Edition. Revised throughout and brought up to date by ARTHUR HASSALL, M.A.,
Student of Christ Church, Oxford.
2 vols, post Svo, 5*. each. K
A HISTORY OF THE INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF
EUROPE. By JOHN WILLIAM DRAPER, M.D. LL.D.
Also an EDITION on THIN PAPER, limp cloth, ■_• vols., 2s. net each ; limp leather,
2 vols., 3*. net each.
GREG0R0VIUS' HISTORY OF THE CITY OF ROME IN THE
MIDDLE AGES. Translated from the German by Mrs. HAMILTON. 8 vols.
crown Svo, 31. 3*. net : or separately, Vols. I., II., and III., 6s. net each ; Vols. IV.,
V., VI., VII., and VIIL, each in two parts, is. ad. net each part.
PRESCOTT'S CONQUEST OF MEXICO (Kirk's Edition). With an
Introduction by GEORGE PARKER WINSHIP. 3 vols, small post Svo, 3.«. (M. each.
PRESCOTT'S CONQUEST OF PERU (Kirk's Edition). 2 vols.
small post 8vo, it. Orf. each.
PRESCOTT'S HISTORY OF THE REIGN OF FERDINAND AND
ISABELLA. 8 vols, small post 8vo, 3s. 6d. each.
In 10 vols, demy 8vo, 10*. 6d. net eaelu
THE DIARY OF SAMUEL PEPYS, MA. F.R.S., Clerk of the
Works and Secretary to the Admiralty. Transcribed from the Shorthand MS. in the
Pepysian Library, Magdalene College, Cambridge, by the Rev. MYNORS BRIGHT,
M.A., late Fellow ana President of the College. With Lord Braybrooke's Notes'
Edited, with Additions, by HENRY B. WHEATLEY, F.S.A. With Portraits and
other Illustrations.
Also a CHEAPER EDITION, in crown 8vo, without the Illustrations and volume of
Pepysiana, 6». net each.
■J wl- in i • 10». net.
A HISTORY OF RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND.
A.K. 1800 1800. By REGINALD BLOMKIKU), MA. Uttaof <■! 'The Formal
Garden in England ' With ISO IlktstnaUoa* from Drawing" by the Author, aad M
Platen ir..m Photograph* and old Prints aad Drawnagnt
A SHORT HISTORY OF RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN
ENGLAND, a.d. liOO-lbOO. By REGINALD BLOM FIELD, MA.
illustrations.
Royal tto,
DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND IN THE 17th AND
18th CENTURIES. A Selection of 1 tred. Drawn, and Photogra]
With Introduction and Notvea by HORACE i IELD and MICHAEL Bl tn I
Imperial Mn, U lit, '</. Mfc
A HISTORY OF GOTHIC ART IN ENGLAND. By E. S. Prior.
With M0 fHinlnHi—. in..-tly drawn by G. C. B0R8LKT.
Imperial Bvo, W. lis. f>/. net.
THE BOOK OF SUN-DIALS. Originally compiled by the late Mrs.
ALFRED CATTY. Fourth Edition. Enlarged and Re-edited by H K. 1- I HKV
;tnd ELEANOR LLOYD. With a Chapter on Portable Dials l.v LEWIS 1 '■ ■
K.S.A., and one on Dial Construction by WIG HAM RICHABDNON. *i'.h iOi
Illustrations.
BELL'S CATHEDRAL SERIES.
PROFUSELY II.LI'STRATKD.
T)i specially Designed cloth Cover, crown Svo, 1*. W. net each.
NOW READY.
ENGLISH CATHEDRALS. An Itinerary and Description— BRISTOL— CANTER-
BURY — CARLISLE — CHESTER - CHICHESTER — DURHAM - ELY - r \ 111 K
— GLOUCESTER — HEREFORD LICHFIELD - LINCOLN — MANCHESTER —
NORWICH— OXFORD — PETERBOROUCH -RII'ON -ROCH ESTER— ST. ALBANfl -
ST. ASAPH— ST. DAVID'S— ST. PATRICK'S, DUBLIN ST. PAUL'S— SALISBURY—
SOUTHWELL— SOUTHWARK— WELLS -WINCHESTER— WORCESTER— YORK.
I'liifunii icith abore Serifs. 7x. >kt. iwt each.
ST. MARTIN'S CHURCH, CANTERBURY— BEVERLEY MINSTER— WIMBORN'E
MINSTER AND CHRISTCHURCH PRIORV TEWKESBURY ABBEY AND DEER-
HURST PRIORY— BATH ABBEY. HALMESBURY ABBEY. AND BRADFORD <>N-
AVON CHURCH— WESTMINSTER ABBEY— S'l RATFORD-ON-AVON.
BELL'S HANDBOOKS TO CONTINENTAL CHURCHES.
PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED.
Cn.ARTRES : the Cathedral and other
Churches.
ROUEN: the Cathedral and other Churches.
Crown Svo, cloth, is. W. net each.
AMIENS: the Cathedral and other Churches.
PARIS (NOTRE DAME).
MONT ST. MICHEL
BAYEUX.
By
NEW EDITION, REVISED, crown 8vo, 5s. net.
CITIES AND SITES OF SPAIN. A Handbook for Travellers.
Mrs. A. LE BLOND (Mrs. Main). With numerous Illustrations and Maps.
Small 4to, 10*. Ci net.
THE ITINERARY OF JOHN LELAND IN WALES, in or abont
the Years 1530-39. Extracted from his MSS., Arranged and Edited by Lit V
TOULMIN SMITH. With a Map.
Crown Svo, f*. net.
INTERLUDES IN VERSE AND PROSE. By the Right Hon. Sir
GEORGE OTTO TREVELYAN, Bart,
Crown Svo, 6*. net.
THE WORKS OF CHARLES STUART CALVERLEY. Complete
in One Volume, with a Memoir by Sir WALTER I. sEXDALL. C.C.M.G.
( town Svo, is. 6d. net .
BROWNING AND DOGMA. Being Seven Lectures on Browning's
Attitude to Dogmatic Theology. By ETHEL M. NAISH.
These Lectures are based on the following Works of Browning : — Caliban upon Setcbos
— Cleon— Bishop Blougram's Apology— Christina Eve and Easter Day— La S.ii«iaz.
BURNERS EVELINA. Edited, with an Intro-
.Imiion and Notes, by ANNIE RADII ELLIS.
BURNEFS CECILIA. Edited by Annie Baine
ELLIS. a vols,
BURTON'S ANATOMY OP MELANCHOLY.
Edited by the Rev. A. K. SHILLETO, M.A. With Introduction
by A. IT. I1CLLEN. 8 vols.
CERVANTES' DON QUIXOTE. Motteux'a
Translation, Revised. With LOCKIIART'S Life and Notes. -1 vols.
COLERIDGE'S AIDS TO REFLECTION, and
THE CONFESSIONS OF AN INQUIRING SPIRIT.
COLERIDGE'S FRIEND. A Series of Essays
on Moral*, Politics, ami Religion.
COLERIDGE'S TABLE TALK and OMNIANA.
Arranged and Edited by T. ASHE, li.A.
DRAPER'S HISTORY OF THE INTEL-
LECTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPE 1 vols.
THE YORK LIBRARY.
A NEW SERIES OF REPRINTS ON TOIN PAPER. Small 8to, is. net in cloth
" These books should find their way to every home that owns any cultivation."—
NOW READY.
EMERSON'S WORKS. A New Edition, with
the Text Edited and Collated by GEORGE SAMPSON, » vols.
FIELDING'S TOM JONES. 2 vols.
GE8TA ROMANORUM ; or, Entertaining Moral
Stories Invented by the Monks. Translated from tlie I.-itin by
the Rev. CHARLES SWAN. Revise.! Edition, by WYNNAKH
IIOOPER, M.A.
GOETHE'S FAUST. Translated by Anna Swan-
WICK, LLP. Revised Edition. With an Introduction and
Bibliography by KARL BREUL. Litt.D. Ph.D.
JAMESON'S SHAKESPEARE'S HEROINES.
Characteristics of Women : Moral, Poetical, and Historical.
LAMB'S ESSAYS. Including the Essays of Elia,
Last Essays of Elia. and Eliann.
MARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS, THE
THOUGHTS OF. Translated by GEORGE LONG, M A With
nn Essuy ou Marcus Aureliua h> MATTHEW ARNOLD.
and &.«. net in leather.
Xotes and Queries.
MONTAIGNE'S ESSAYS. Cotton's Translation.
Rovfnd by W. c. HA/.LITT I vols.
MOTLEY'S RI8E OF THE DUTCH REPUBLIC.
With a Diogrni'hi.nl Introduction by HONOURS I1 CvMNAY.
3 vols.
PASCAL'S THOUGHT3. Translated from the-
Tcvt of M. AUGUSTS UOLINIBR by C. KEGAN PAUL Third
Edition.
PLUTARCH'S LIVES. Translated, with Notea
and a Life, bv AUBREY STEWART. MA., and GEoKi.E
LONO. A.K. Vol. I.
SWIFT'S GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. Edited,
with
of th.
Introduction and Notes, by G. R. DENNIS, WiU) l".e*iuulei
Original Illustrations.
SWIFT'S JOURNAL TO STELLA. Edited,
with Introduction ami Notes, by F. RVLAND. M.A.
ARTHUR YOUNG'S TRAVELS IN FRANCE
during the Tears ITS7, 1788, and l7-<9 Edited, with Introd
and Notes, bj M. HETHAM EDWARDS.
London: GEORGE BELL & SONS, Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
Editori.d Oommunicatiom should be addressed to "THE EDrTOR"— Advertisements and Business Letters to "TOE PUBLISHERS"— «t the Office. Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane, EC.
rublllhed Weekly by JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS at Bream's Buildings, ( luncery I-anc. EC. and Printed by J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Atbenstum Press, Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane, K.0
Agents for Scotland. Messrs. BELL s BRADFUTE and Mr. JUIIN MENZIE3. Edinbuxgh.-Saturday. March -2*. 1906,
THE ATHEN^UM
Inuntal nf dttglisb atti f amgtt f iterator*, Arietta
No. 4092.
SATURDAY, MARCH 31, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A JNEWSPAPER
%> I
'
%titWat%,
ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
(Incorporated by Royal Charter.)
An ORDINARY MEETING of the SOCIETY will he held on
THURSDAY, April 5, at S p.m., in CLIFFORD'S INN HALL, Fleet
Street, when Miss V. M. SHILLINGTON will read a Paper on 'THE
BEGINNINGS OF THE ANGLO-PORTUUUESE ALLIANCE.'
H. E. MALDEN, Hon. Sec.
BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE
ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE.
YORK, 1908.
The SEVENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the
BRITISH ASSOCIATION will he inaugurated at YORK on
WEDNESDAY, August 1.
President-Elect :
Prof. RAY LANKESTER, LL.D. D.Sc. F.R.S.,
Director of the Natural History Departments of the British Museum.
NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS OF PAPERS.— The Organizing
Committees of the several Sections have in preimration the Programme
of Proceedings for the ensuing Session. Papers proposed for the Y'ork
Meeting should be intimated to the Recorders at the earliest imssihle
■date. All Abstracts and the Original Papers, when accepted by the
Sectional Committees, must be in the hands of the General Secretaries
not later than JUNE 30.
Information in regard to the local arrangements for the Meeting
may be obtained on application to the LOCAL SECRETARIES, Davy
Hall Chambers, York.
A. SILVA WHITE, Assistant Secretary.
Burlington House, London, W., March 29, 1906.
ROYAL LITERARY FUND
(For the Assistance of Authors and their Families).
His Excellency the Hon. WHITELAW REID, American Ambassador,
Will take the Chair
At the 118th ANNIVERSARY,
At the WHITEHALL ROOMS, HOTEL METROPOLE,
On THURSDAY, May 10, at 7 for 7.30 p.m. precisely.
This is the only occasion in the year when an appeal is made to the
Fublic, and the Committee earnestly invite donations in aid of the
^vork of the Fund.
Early replies (before APRIL 30) are respectfully requested from
Ladies and Gentlemen invited to be Stewards. Acceptance of a
Stewardship does not involve any obligation beyond that mentioned
in the invitation, nor does it necessarily entail attendance at the
Dinner. Donations will be gratefully acknowledged by the Secretary,
A. LLEWELYN ROBERTS.
40, Denison House, 298, Vauxhall Bridge Road, S.W.
LENT, 1906.
EVERYMAN.
THE OLD MORALITY PLAY.
As produced by the ELIZABETHAN STAGE SOCIETY, under the
personal direction of Mr. WILLIAM POEL. KENNINGTON
THEATRE, March 31. at 3 o'clock; CRYSTAL PALACE, April 3 ;
<X)RONET, April 4 ; CAMDEN, April 7. All Performances ccmmence
«t 3 o'clock. Seats may now be booked at all the Theatres and all
Libraries.
o
(Biljtbitiona.
LD BRITISH SCHOOL— SHEPHERD'S
SPRING EXHIBITION includes choice Landscapes and Por-
-raits by the Masters of the Old British School of Painting.
8HEPHERD S GALLERY, 27. King Street, St. James's Square.
EXHIBITION of FLOWERS by MODERN
FLOWER-PAINTERS, and WATER-COLOURS by VIGNOLES
FISHER, NOW OPEN, 10-6.-THE BAILLIE GALLERY, 54, Baker
Street. W.
THE NEW DUDLEY GALLEY, 169,
Piccadilly, W.. is NOW AVAILABLE for EXHIBITIONS of
WORKS of ART, ARTS and CRAFTS, ic. It is on the ground
floor, top lighted, and in, perhaps, the best position in Europe.—
Artists and Secretaries of Societies should write for vacant dates
and Terms to the SECRETARY, New Dudley Gallery, 189, Picca-
dilly, W.
NATIONAL ART COLLECTIONS FUND.
Chairman— LORD BALCARRES, M.P., F.S.A.
Object : The Acquisition of Works of Art for the National Collections.
Minimum Annual Subscription, One Guinea.
Address TnE nON. SECRETARIES, National Art-Collections
Fund, 47, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
CITY AND COUNTY OF NEWCASTLE-
UPON-TYNE.
LAINO ART GALLERY AND MUSEUM.
SPECIAL LOAN EXHIBITION OF WORKS BY T. M.
RICHARDSON, SEN., &c.
A SPECIAL EXHIBITION „f Works l.v T. M. RICHARDSON,
T M RICHARDSON, Jun., Bud OTHER MEMBERS of the
RIOHARD80N FAMILY, wiU open in MAY. The Committee trust
that Owners will assist in forming an important Record of the «
these v ntributfng Examples in their possession. Expenses
of Transit, Insurance, *c, will be defrayed, Particulars may be
i. Mr. C. BERNAllD STEVENSON
TO ARTISTS AND DESIGNERS. A PRIZE
of UN i- "il BRED for the BEST IDEA for a POSTER odvej
RAY'S SOAPand BLUE.— For particulars apply MAN IGER,
RaysCo., Cyfiirtln ,.iiff.
(Educational.
TEE DOWNS school. BEAFORD, SUSSEX.
Head Mistreat Miss LUCY ROBINSON, M \ date Second Mis
"* s;' I. Southwoldi References: The Princi]*] of
ilcdfurd Colli I •■ ■ ■ i ( imbridge.
s
T. PAUL'S SCHOOL, WEST KENSINGTON.
An EXAMINATION will be held at the above School on
TUESDAY. April 3. 1908. and on the Following Days, for FILLING
UP ABOUT SEVEN VACANCIES on the FOUNDATION.
Full particulars can be obtained on application to the BURSAR.
WILLASTON SCHOOL, NANTWICH.
AN UNSECTARIAN PUBLIC SCHOOL.
NEXT ENTRANCE and FOUNDATION SCHOLARSHIP EXA-
MINATION, TUESDAY', April 10.
For particulars apply to the HEAD MASTER.
NIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM.
U
SCHOLARSHIP IN THE SCHOOL OF MODERN
LANGUAGES.
A HARDING SCHOLARSHIP in GERMAN, of the annual value
of 507., tenable for Three Years, is offered to Students entering the
SCHOOL OF MODERN LANGUAGES NEXT SESSION. At the
close of the Third \"ear a TRAVELLING SCHOLARSHIP of 100/.,
tenable at a German University for One Y'ear, may be awarded to the
Scholar, provided that he or she has taken the M.A. Degree in the
School of Modern Languages.
Candidates may be admitted to the School of Modern Languages
after passing the Intermediate Examination Iwhich may be taken
at entrance to the University in lieu of the Matriculation Examina-
tion), the following subjects being taken :— (i.) French, (ii.) German,
(iii.) Latin, (iv.) English Language, Literature, and History, (v.) either
Mathematics or Logic.
After completing a three years' course of study, and passing three
Examinations, Students of the School will be admitted U> the Degree
of " Master of Arts in the School of Modern Languages."
The Course for the Degree of Master of Arts in the School of Modern
Languages embraces tho following subjects of study : —
(i.l French or German, taken as a principal subject,
(ii.) German or French or English, taken as a subsidiary subject.
(iii.) An additional subject during the first two years of the Course,
viz., English or Latin (or French or German if not already
taken under i. or ii.).
ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS to the SCHOOL OF MODERN
LANGUAGES will COMMENCE on MONDAY, June IS, 1906, and
SEPTEMBER 24, 1906.— Applications for admission must be re-
ceived by the REGISTRAR on or before MAY 1 or AUGUST 30
respectively.
There is a Hall of Residence for Women. Minimum fee, Thirty-
three Guineas per Session.
Men Students can be received at the Hostel connected with Queen's
College. Terms. 15?. per Term for Two Rooms and Board.
For further information apply to the Dean of the Faculty of
Arts, Prof. H. G. FIEDLER, at the University.
A
RM STRONG COLLEGE,
NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
TWO FELLOWSHIPS of 1231. a year each will be offered for
COMPETITION in JUNE NEXT. The successful Candidates will
be required to engage in Advanced Study or Research.
Full particulars may be obtained on application to
F. H. PRUEN, Secretary
FOLKESTONE. — WOODLANDS PREPARA-
TORY SCHOOL. Individual Teaching.-Rev. H. T. J. COGGIN,
M.A.Cantab., formerly House - Master, University College School,
London.
/CHURCH EDUCATION CORPORATION.
CHERWELL HALL, OXFORD.
Training College for Women Secondary Teachers. Principal, Miss
CATHERINE I. DODD, M.A., late Lecturer in Education at the
University of Manchester.
Students are prepared for the Oxford Teacher's Diploma, (he
Cambridge Teacher s Certificate, the Teacher's Diploma of the
University of London, and the Higher Froebel Certificate.
Full particulars on application.
T3IRMINGHAM and MIDLAND INSTITUTE.
SCHOOL OF MUSIC.
Visitor-Sir EDWARD ELGAR, Mus.Doc. LLD.
Principnl-GRANVILLE BANTOCK.
Visiting Examiner— FREDERICK (ORDER, F.R.A.M.
SESSION 1905-1906.
The Session consists of Autumn Term (September IS to Decem-
ber 161 ; Winter Term (January 15 to April 7) ; Summer Term (April 9
to June 'ill.
Instruction in all Brandies of Music; Students' Choir and Orches-
tra ; Chamber Music ; Fortnightly Rehearsals ; Concerts ; and Opera.
Prospectus and further information inav be obtained from
ALFRED HAYES, Secretary.
pOLLEOK HALL, LONDON,
\J RYNt; PLACE. GORDON 8QUARE, W.C.
Residence for Women Students of University College and the
Ijondon School "f Medicine for Women.
Principal Mrs. YIRI AMU J ONES.
VACANCIES for NEXT TERM. Early application should be
made to the FKINCIl'M,
THE LONDON TELEGRAPH TRAINING
COLLEGE.
This College, established .it Brixton for the past fourteen rears, has
been REMOVED to EARL'S CO! RT S.W., where LARGER and
MORE COMMODIOUS PREMISES, within easy access of all parts
of London, have been scored. The College is Now OPEN, and is
the ONLY TELEGR U'll TRAINING INSTITUTION LICENSED
by 11. M. government for WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. It He
equipped with the latest appliances for training Young Men for the
Inland. Cable, and Wireless Berviccs. no, I ALL QUALIFIED STU-
DENTS HAVE APPOINTMENTS SECURED Foil THEM.
v « Prospectus, containing full information and List of Appoint-
ments recently obtained, free on application to THE SECRETARY,
HOTM House, Earls ('unit. London B W
I EDUCATION. - PROSPECTUSES mid
J cularsof schools for boys and 0IRL8
parti-
ta ENGLAND and ABROAD
supplied bo Parents free r.f charge, State full requirements.
UNIVERSITY SCHOLASTIC MJENC\ IM, Regent Street, London.
Nearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Pc-t Office as Second Class matter.
GT. MARY'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL,
>0 PADDINGTON, W.
(University of London.)
The SUMMER SESSION will BEGIN on APRIL 21.
The Medical School provides complete Courses of Instruction.
PRELIMINARY SCIENTIFIC. INTERMEDIATE, and FINAL.
under Recognized Teachers of the University of London, in prepara-
tion for the Medical Degrees of the Universities and for the Diplomas
of the Conjoint Board. SIX ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS in
NATURAL SCIENCE, value 14M. to 52!. 10s., will be COMPETED for
in SEPTEMBER. Students joining in April are eligible.
For Calendar and full particulars apply to the DEAN.
GOTH A, GERMANY.— Comfortable and refined
HOME for GIRLS and LADIES, also small BOYS, in the
house of Frttulein METZEROTH (Diploma), 13, Waltershauserstr..
Gotha. Recommended by first-class English Families. Exceptional
Educational Advantages: Languages, Music, op]x>rtunity to learn
German perfectly. Terms, 4?. 10s. per month.
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to.
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
arc invited to call uihui or send fullv detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GABBITAS, TURING & CO.,
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with tho
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. THRING, Nephew of the
late Head Master ot Uppingham, S6, Sackvillc Street. London, W.
Situations Wacant
NIVERSITY OF LONDON.
TJ
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. That on WEDNESDAY', June 20
next, the SENATE will proceed to elect EXAMINERS in the
following Departments for the year 1906-7.
MATRICULATION EXAMINERSHIPS.
The Examiners appointed will be called upon to take part in the
Three Examinations of the year. The remuneration of each E\a-
minership consists of a Retaining Fee for each Examination, and a
pro rata payment for Papers set. Answers marked, and Meetings
attended. Full particulars can be obtained on application to the
Principal.
1. ENGLISH.
2. MATHEMATICS (Elementary and more Advanced).
:t. LATIN.
4. GREEK.
5. FRENCH.
«. GERMAN.
7. ELEMENTARY PHYSICS.
8. ANCIENT HISTORY.
MODERN HISTORY.
LOGIC.
9.
10.
11. PHYSICAL AND GENERAL GEOGRAPHY
12. GEOMETRICAL AND MECHANICAL DRAWING.
ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY.
1
14. ELEMENTARY BOTANY.
In each of these subjects there are Two Examiners ; but in each
case one of the present Examiners is eligible, and o.Ters himself for
re-election.
Candidates must send in their names to the Principal, with any
attestation of their qualifications they may think desirable on or
before WEDNESDAY, April 1M. If Testimonials arc submitted
three copies should be forwarded. Original Testimonials should not
be sent. If more than one Examinership is applied for, a separate
complete application must be forwarded for each. (It is particularly
desired that no application of any kind be made to individual
Members of the Senate. )
By order of the Senate,
,T . . ,T , , .. ARTHUR W. Rl'dCER, Principa .
University of London, South Kensington, S.W.
March, ltioti.
HELE'S SECONDARY SCHOOL FOR BOYS,
EXETER.
HEAD MASTER.
The GOVERNORS invite applications from Graduates of any
British University for the position of HEAD MASTER of the above
School, the appointment to date from AUGU8T 1, pkhi. or such earlier
date as the successful candidate is able to enter upon the duties of
the Office, The emoluments will consist of a House adjoining the
School, with a fixed Salary of lOOL per annum, and a Capitation Fee of
U. 10s. on each Pupil in the School. The present numbers in attend
anco are 180.
The School occupies an Important position In the educational
system of the city of Exeter, and development Is contemplated in the
immediate future so as t() make it eligible for recognition under the
Regulations for Secondary Schools of the Board of Education.
Applications (Forms of which can be obtained of the ClerkJ and
Testimonials are to be in my hands not laterthan APRIL14.
Canvassing, either directly or Indirectly, will be a disqualification.
.HUIN E. DAW, Clerk to the Governors.
13, Bedford circus, Exeter, March 14, 1906.
HEAD MASTER REQUIRED (after Summer
Vacation) for Westminster city school.
Subject to provisions of Scheme, the Governors will proceed to fill
this racancj E UtLl in MAY.
Candidates must be Graduates of I University in the United
Kingdom, and be under 4i years of age. On present attendance the
Stipend and Pees offered will amonnl to about 9001 a rear, exclusive
of Superannuation Pund, and good Unfurnished Honse, rent and rat<>
tree, c.als. and Gas. St ud addressed foolscap envelope for printed
part [culars.
Applications must reach the undersigned not ater (ban APRIL 19.
i htn( i:r smith, Clerk.
•-.at, Westminstt r, S.W,
:>78
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4092, Makch 81. 1906
w
WORCESTER K<>. \i, GRAMMAR SCHOOL
HI \
' \ ERNnR- ■ from G
.,,-,,, , II, r 1.-111 K0 ' HIM.
p -1. an. I
I
an ev..ll.lit School II.Hlar Xltli in . i.milw»l .
mi. il and 1 ' 1 1 > - 1 ■ .1 Lahu
Nun,' I -lit In School, ■-... Including ■-• lii .1
I II. ... - • Uv-1 >! SJ-ll.l
l.i. I. will U iiM.lr under nnil sul.ie. t I., the
■ n» undri ii' '■ I II .
v ill l .kr , M, . t ,u. i d.r Sninni. • Vacation
A row ,.f II.. Scheme Iprice Orf.l and farther particulsri •
{ainea fi.< in il..* undrnugneil, to arnon nnpUcauons, nci'ompanicd
.. rot TeeUmonJjiia should be sen! on 01 before APRIL
letted Candidate. ..ill >«• required to attend n Meeting ut the
- ..( \< l.i. h 1 he] . ill Ii n .■ due not l< >•
; will he . .,11-1 I. 1.1. .Ii. lunlin. utlon
T H< >~ 0 ll\l>E. Clerk, to the Governors,
- .-. ■'. Worcester.
c
O U N T V O F L O N 1> 0 X.
SECONDARE W HOOLS
&FP0IKTMKN1 0] lib M< Mi.-Ti: I
The LONDON 0OUNTH council Inrite. application, for
.'il'jsjllltuiellt III the tltldcrillclltiolli-il poet
HEAD MISTRESS UC.C STOTKWELL SECONDARY 8CH00L,
i .1 I!.. 1. 1 Htockwell 8 \i
iih.M> MISTRESS. LC i southwark secondary school.
Southwark Park Road. Bermoodaey, si:
Bohoo). bare hitherto been conducted u Pupil Teacher
• '.nil.-, (nil will, a. from August next, be conducted u Secondary
.bj for QirU. and »ill be open to Younger Uirls 115 well 113 <jirl> 01
. rears 0! age.
I idldate. inusl hare had experience of Teaching in Secondary
Schools.
The commencing 8a] in hu '«-.'ii fixed at SOW. a year.
Application, should be made on the official Form, to K- obtained
from the Clerk of the London County Council, Education Offices,
victoria Embankment, W.C., t-. whom they must be returned not
later than l" vm on SATURDAY', Aj.ril 14. inc.;. accompanied by
- ..f three Testimoniali of rw enl date.
1 andtdate. applying through lht< i»»t for the form oi application
should encloec m rtamped and addreaaed envelope.
1 anrtidatca. other tnan successful Candidates, invited t>. attend the
Committee will be allowed third-class return railway fare, hut uo
ot her expenses,
Canvassing, culler directly or indirectly, will be considered a
disqualification.
O. L BOHHE, Clerk of the London County Council.
Education Offices, \ ictoria Embankment, W.C.
S
<T. BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL.
LECTURESHIP ON CHEMISTRY.
Amplications are invited for the Office of LECTURER on CHEMIS-
Tl'.\. The duties will commence in SEPTEMBER. 19W. Further
|. iticulars of ithe duties and emoluments may be obtained from the
DEAN OF THE MEDICAL SCHOOL. Twelve capias of application,
with three Testimonials, must K- sent t.. the undersigned not later
than APRIL 10, IMS. THOMAS HAYES, Clerk.
St, Bartholomew s Hospital, London, E.C.
March i*. lis»>.
t
THE UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS.
The COUNCIL invite applications for the appointment of
ASSISTANT-LECTURER in FRENCH, which will become vacant
on OCTOBER I, 1906. Salary jihi/. Preference will be given to a
University Graduate speaking French and English, and with a
knowledge of French Literature and Romance Philology. — Copy of
the Prospectus in Arts, showing the present Classes in French, may
be obtained from the REGISTRAR, by whom applications for the
iutuient will be received np to APRIL to.
K
■TENT EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
FOLKESTONE HIGHER EDUCATION SUBCOMMITTEE.
COUNTY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. FOLKESTONE.
WANTED, after EASTER, an ASSISTANT mistress at the
:i > lie-named School. Candidates should be specially qualified to
I !. some or all of the following subjects :— Science, Nature Study,
i. trophy, Diill and School Games, and shoidd lie registered, or
eligible for registration, in Column R. Salary 100/. per annum, rising,
in accordance with the Committee's .Sale, by annual increments of
II in*, for the first t wo years, then of rrf., to a maximum of lJOf. or 1'iOf.
I.. - ordmg to academic Qualifications).
Application Forms will l>e supplied bv Sir. T. WILKINSON. Radnor
* a. miliers. Cheriton Place, FoUkestone. towhom theymnst be returned
S...I- to reach him not Later than SATURDAY. April 14, RAW.
By Order of the Committee.
FRAS. W. CROOK. Se.rctaiv.
44. Bedford Row. London, W.O., March 'JO. 1906.
E1XJE HILL COLLEGE.— WANTED Imme-
diately, a MISTRESS of METHOD. Graduate with Diploma
in education and experience in Teaching preferred.— Applv PRIN-
• I PAL.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of Loudon).
YORK PLACE, BAKER STREET. W.
The COUNCIL are abool to appoint a LADY as SECRETARY
Application*, with Testimonials, to be sent by MAY 4 to the
SECRETARY, from whom particulars can lie obtained.
A
VACANCY occurs in a well-known PUR-
i.lsillM. OFFH E for a YOUNG MAN. A knowledge of
Ho lie-keeping and Shorthand desirable.- Apply, stating qualifications
.•.mi salary required, to A. B, < ., care of F. E. Potter. W, Lu.lgate
Hill. E.O
Situations WLanttb.
ri KNTLEMAN* (aged 34), seeks appointmenl as
• CLUBoi PRIVATE SECRETARY. Public School and TJnlver-
s'i . isiih buiiiness and administrative experience in England and
abroad.— LITERARY. Bok 1101, Athenaeum Pi ess. Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane, E.C.
I ADY (aged 21) seeks RE-ENGAGEMENT as
I J PRIVATE SECRETARY, (iood Curresimmlent and Writer.
1 nd a half year, with an Author.— Address Miso AMYBAUM,
17. Marlboro' Place, Btighton.
AN active YOUNO MAN (23) requires
SITUATION as PUBLISHER'S or BOOKSELLER'S AS3IS-
TANT. Oan supply good references. -T . Box iotu, Atheuenm l*rcs3,
i • lh cam's Buildiu^s. Chancery Line, EC.
LITERARY RESEARCH anderl tkeo at th*
British Miifci'.in Hii.i sJsjsjwbsaw on n,.«lei... I ii.lsnnt
I II.. Boa pw.. Allieiurum Prcw. U, Uicam'i Build-
lugs, < i ■ I I. i
^lK.\^'^l..\^Io^', ICm-... Ii, lUviewing,
Indsstng, smeyetopssdlo Article. >n.| utlirr Ut'iurj Wort or
Nun Ic.-sj.p-iit s.s rriaryship Cdassics, French. QonaasL lulhui.
spini-li Aiis'li. s 11. .11 Bpeclsl subjects : Mitbolos;) and Literature.
Yuriede»i« rt. in . ModsswU term.. — Mi»» SELUY.M. Talliot R«kd. W.
^lisallancous.
I i ikii: lupin.-, the COLLABORATION oi ■
OENTLKMAJTpo*MMl] Arno
Od* wbo baa writtao Military NoreU luefeirod The Adrertlj
ii iti< li \ tlu i Mr .ii Ml »■( u'lii.tt Biatctrial, *hu h « -m W u ■**-«! for :i Milit.ir t
Kovt'l, the BuoeeM <■( whi.h would be aucffuooa. Adrcrliaci will
eithci share pnaHi vlth Onllahnratcw or pa/ for lii" MsTiioaa. Kotm
l.ut competant Autiion* need apply. — Bux HOO, Attu'iuruui l*r«
l i IstiiMnitrs, Chanct-ry Lutu, KX\
UO U KNOT and FRENCH - CAN A 1 >I A N
PEDIGREES in EViLAM). and pricf to niiil|ial Ian from
Fran..-. 10,000 Pedigrees, mostly MS fjnpnhllshed and Private
Bourcea,— C. LART, Clmriuouth, Dorset ; and London.
A
II
Training; for private secretarial
WORK and IKDEXIKG.-Apply Miss PETHERBRIDGE (Nat.
Sci. Trii-os1, 5-^a, Conduit Street, Bond Street. London, W.
®Wt-WLriUTZ.
TYPE-WRITING undertaken bv highly educated
Women (Classical Tripos ; Cambridge higher Local ; Modern
Laneuages'. Research. Revision. Translation, Dictation Room.—
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPE-WRITING AGENCY, 10. Duke Street.
Adelphi, w.c.
A UTHORS' MSS. , NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
-T1. ESSAYS TYPEWRITTEN with comnlete accuracy. 9d. per
1.000 words. Clear Carbon Copies guaranteed. References to well-
known Writers— M. STUART, Thirlbank. Roxhorough Road. Harrow.
AUTHORS' MSS., 9ci. per 1,000 words.
SERMONS, PLAYS. ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TY'PED at home (Remington). Good paper. Orders promptly exe-
cuted.—M. L. L., 7, Vernon Road ; now known as 18, Edgeley Road,
Clapham, S.W.
TYPE-WRITING.— MSS., SCIENTIFIC, and
of all Descriptions. COPIED. Special attention to work
requiring care. Dictation Rooms (Shorthand or Type-Writing).
Usual terms.— Misses E. B. and I. FARRAN, Donington House, SO,
Norfolk Street. Strand, London.
TYPEWRITING. — MANUSCRIPT COPIED
in ENGLISH. FRENCH, and GERMAN, neatly and accu-
rately, by highly educated LADY*. Moderate terms.— Address Miss
MALLESON. Trie Green, Hampton Court.
THE CO-OPERATIVE TYPE-WRITERS, Ltd.
(CO-PARTNERSHIP SOCIETY).
CECIL HOUSE, 116, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C.
(Over Messrs. Lilley & Skinner's.)
SHORTHAND, TYPING. DUPLICATING, TRANSLATING,
TRACING, *c.
A limited number of Pupils fciken.
"Living Wage." Little overtime. No work given out. Offices well
lighted and healthy. MSS. kept in fireproof safe. Efficient Staff.
TYPE- WRITING, 9«f. per 1,000 words.— PLAYS,
NOVELS. ESSAY'S. 4c., with promptitude and accuracy. Carbon
Copies a speciality. Highest references.— M. KING, 7, Corona Villus,
Pinner Road, Harrow.
T
E
WRITERS.
TAYLOR'S. Ltd.. 74. CHANCERY LANE,
BUY, SELL. EXCHANGE. REPAIR. AND HIRE OUT ALL
MAKES OF TYPE-WRITERS.
Documents Copied. Remingtons from SI. ; Smith's Premiers, No. 4,
101, 10*. Illustrated Catalogue free.
TAYLOR'S TYPE-WRITER CO., Ltd.,
74, Chancery Lane, and 92, Queen Street, Cheaiwide.
Telephones. 4H.M1 Holborn and 8.135 Bank. Contractors to His
Maiesttv 8 Government. Telegrams, Glossator, London. Established
1884. '
JUtljars' JVgtmts.
THE FICTION EDITOR for some time, and the
Literary Reader ("Taster"! for many years of the Messrs.
Harmswerth, having resigned his api>ointment. ADVISES UPON
MSS OF EVERY KIND. The discoverer and prompter of nianv
New writers. Fiction a speciality.— Apply AUTHORS' ADVISORY
BUREAU. 'JO. Buckingham Street. West Strand, London. W.C.
THE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
The interact. Of Anthers capably represented. Agreements for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed with Publishers.— Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. BURGHES. :u. Paternoster Row
|htospap*r Agents.
"V~ E W S P A P E R PROPERTIES
i-> BOUGHT. SOLI). VALUED, AND SUPPLIED WITH
EVERY REQUISITE.
The London Agency of an additional limited number of Provincial
and Colonial Ncws|xt|>ers can be undertaken.
Full imrticulars from
THE IMPERIAL NEWS AGENCY,
-'and 1, Tudor Street. London. El.
C MITCHELL & CO., Agents for the Sale and
. I'm, base of Ncwupajier Proi»'rtie», undertake Valuations for
Probate ..r Purchase, I in estimations and Audit of Accounts, Ac. Card
i.l T.'i ins on ap plication.
Mitchell House, 1 and "A Snow Hill, HolU.in Viaduct. E.C.
Catalogues.
uLAixnsn
REMAINDER BOOK CATALO<
APRIL "I I'l'I.IHI.M •-).» UADT,
Cocupruing kJI most recent PurvhsAcs.
WILLIAM <.LAI-
Bcmaindrr kinl Ins, .,ui, t Booksclli I! dborn. Luadoa.
AltvCututw f lnl-i i_ \HCIHHK\T I.ITKH.iJlkk. ... I .■>/.«.'
LIST o/ rKK.XCH .%..!/.;.- CLA&DJl
FliST EDITIONS ..f MODERN AUTHORS,
In. l.idinx Mekeiu. Tluu keny. Lever. Alajworth ; bouks ilia*.
lrste.1 byO and R ( ruik*tuu,» - *ud*uti lx*-%L k Tb*
UtKe.i ,i,d cbuioest Colle- lion i.lVrt.l »,: b.K Id the Woitd ( ATA-
LOGUES Issued sn.l sent r.»i frrt uti si'pbcatlon. BouAs Bought.—
WALTER T -II M U R Ki » ■ 'ilordStrert. Londuo, W.C.
THE INTERNATIONAL BOOK I LBCULAB,
No. Ml. (miUIiiiiik a h[».i»l Annie, entitled ' MoDERM
VIEWS 1 ELECTKIC1TY end MATTER by Prof. ALFRED W.
PORTER. Hpedmen iCopte. trrsti. -WIUJAMW a HOBO ATE
Book Imjorters. M. iirurletu hlreel. toveul Gardti,
HH. PEACH, .'17, Belvoir Street, Letoert**.
. 0ATALOO1 I • poet froe to Collertorsi eooUins Reornt
Purcuases. Including ( .11.- u..n. ..f Bn*d>i<lr» »nd O,.). I-^k>—
Anliphonariuni. with Miniatures — Jenson and other JJsrlv !'
Rare Tracts- • • ■. )
B
OOKS. — All OUT- OF. PRINT and RARE
li. i.iKSoiiaiiysiil.je. t SUPPLIED. Thenseeteinsil B.>.kftnder
extant Please stale Hants .inda-k li.rl' .TAI/KjUK. I make a .) — lal
feature of exchanging any s.tleai.b- Books for othrra xlr- •
various LiM. Spe. isj List of 2.000 Book. I iwrtieularly want i«»l frre.
— KDW . BAKER S Great Bookshop. 14 16. John Bright Htwt Birming-
ham. Oscar Wilde o P<h-ius. 1U., fur 6s. 6d. lonly -Mi issued'.
CATALOGUE No. 44. -Turner's Liber Studiorum,
England and Wal. ... and <ih.r Engravings— Lucas • Mezz/.tints
after Constable— Etching, by Whistler. B Palmer, Ac— llrawinrt by
Turner. Biirne-.lones. Ruskin. Ac. — Illustrated Books — Works by
Ruskin. Post free, Sixpence. — WM. WARD, li, Cburch Terrmce
Richmond, Surrey.
ANCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Collectors
-TA. and Antiquarians are invited to apply to SPINK A -
Linntwl for Sjiecimen Copy (gratis, of their Nl'MIsMATIc < IK. t
LAR. The finest Greek, Roman, and English Coins on View and for
Sale at Moderate Prices.-SPINK A SON. Limitsd. Experts. Valuers,
and Cataloguers. 16, 17. and IS. Piccadilly. Loudon, W. Established
upwards of a Century.
READERS and COLLECTORS will find it to
their advantage to write for J. BALDWINS MONTHLY
CATALOG! E of SEt'oND-H AND I: - ~t free on alloca-
tion. Books m all Branches of Literature. Genuine bargains in
Scarce Items and First Editions. Books sent on approval if desired —
Address 14, Osborne Road, Leyton, Essex.
LEIGHTON'S
TLLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of EARLY
J- PRINTED and other INTERESTING BOOKS MANUSCRIPTS
and BINDINGS. ■ejieai.m,
OFFERED FOR SALE BY
J. & J. LEIGHTON, 40, Brewer Street, Golden Square W
Thick Svo. l.WS pp., 6,200 items with nnwanls of 1.3M Reproductions'
in Fa
Bound in art cloth, gilt toj«.
38s. : half -morocco, gilt tops, SOa.
A RUNDEL CHROMOS. -Large stock. Manv
-fi- rare ones Send stamp for THIS MONTH'S LIST .whi. h gives
size and shai* of each).-ST. JUDE S DEPOT. Birmiligham.
X70R SALE—TO COLLECTORS^!
■f BREECHES BIBLE. pert.-ct. IKOfi. original binding h™«
cdas^ps- What offers '-Address E. C. Bay View" CastlAown* IslJ of
rPO COLLECTORS. -The magnificent OOLLKC
AaJPJ0* of BRASS RUBH1NGS forme;i by the Ute Rev t i
LUNN is now for SALE. It represents i.tri (odd different ^BramS:
—Apply to LLNN, Nuneaton. mueraii nrasses.
^ahs bg ^.nrtion.
Valuable Booh), including a Portion of a Library remored
/nun Devonshire.
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will BRLL
by AUITION. at their SeJlariei 47 Ueanase fin m ,
EARLY IN APRIL. VALCA1.LE BOOKS. ir^lndin^'rarT. V, -,
Editions and other valuable Items. ^ '"**
Early Printed Book* and rare tint Editions, including a
Portion 0/ the Libra ni of a Collector
MESSRS. PUTTICK A SIMPSON will SRI L
by AUCTION, at their Galleries. 47 Leicester S,„,,r» «- r-
EARLY IN APRIL. VALCABLK BOOKS in 1 „dTi Wnrl "r. e -b ,
of Early English and Foreign Presses-K^r cv F m EditiTTn'J™,'?,?
other important Item. ««•» "mwiis- ana
Sale No. J0a«.
THE MAfiKET HALL, KE.\DAl..
By order of the Ej<-cvtor» of the lute Jier. D. S SPKDDI V.
TV T D E R 0 M E & SON
Ui. are **£«ZEZ»%r£ZSK& HU,,°n ""*
SELL BY AUCTIOB
On WEDNESIiAY and THTRSDAT, AprU 4 and 5,
The hnportanl Collection of
OIL PAINTINQ8
By and attributed to
Rej-nolds. Sir .1. 0 dndnongh, T. Romnev. G
Morlaiid «. Wheatley.r. Teniers D
Kneller. Sir O. lbU-tson, .1. C. Cipriani
Drununond. S I>awr. G. Reorhcv <!ir W
Sb»W^?AA °r,'"I<" "'■ " ■'• "'ll"U,r Ro* •"">'*»>".><■■.
sUaoa <v,n«-tionof
ANTIOt'E ADD MODERN DECORATIVE CHINA
Anti, iuc Glass. Sh.tti.ld Plated and old Bras,. Ware, and a Quantitvuf
ANTIQUE KI'RMTURE
IN MAHOGANY ANI> CARVED OAK.
lalalognes may be hail from the A C. Tl. '\ EERS. 21. Stramongate
KciuLil price Sixpence; b\ pOBa, Seveii|ience. ^
N°4092, Maech31, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
379
MUDIE'S LIBRARY.
FOUNDED 1842.
For the CIRCULATION and SALE of the BEST BOOKS
in ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN, RUSSIAN, ITALIAN,
SPANISH, DUTCH, and SCANDINAVIAN.
The Collection comprises the Best Standard
Works published during the past Sixty Years.
TERMS PER ANNUM.
O Volumes in the Country ; or, I f> o O A
6 Volumes Delivered free in LONDON |*"3 <J "
and Nearer Suburbs J
4 v
ry;or- 1j?o o n
ree in LONDON f«5g
olumes in the Country :
3 Volumes Delivered
and Nearer Suburbs
1 Volume, Exchanged Daily at the\ Ol 1 A
Library Counter / nOX 1 U
* Volume (for Books of Past Seasons) / lUSt OQ.
Half- Yearly, Quarterly, and Monthly
Subscriptions can also be entered.
SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT has been made with
MESSRS. PICKFORD, in Loudon and Suburban Districts
served by them, for the exchange of Library Books TO
and FROM Subscribers' Houses for 3d. per DOUBLE
JOURNEY.
PARCEL POST DEPARTMENT for SUBSCRIBERS
residing at a DISTANCE from any RAILWAY STATION.
Terms on application.
ALL BOOKS are offered SECOND-HAND as soon as the
demand in the LIBRARY will permit. List free on appli-
cation.
MUDIE'S SELECT LIBRARY, Limited,
30-34, NEW OXFORD STREET, W.C.
241, BROMPTON ROAD, S.W.
48, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.
M1
Miscellaneous Books.
f ESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
-L AUCTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancery Lane, London, W.C ,
on WEDNESDAY, April 4. and Two Following Days, at 1 o'clock.
MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, comprising Goupil's Historical Mono-
graphs, Japanese Vellum Copies, 4c, 6 vols. — Eugene Pious
Monograph on Benvenuto Cellini. Japanese Vellum Copy, 2 vols —
Audsley and Bowes's Keramic Art of Japan, 2 vols.— Fmnknn'8
Eighteenth-Century Colour l'rints— Hamerton s Landscape, Large
Paiier, and other Modem Fine-Art ami Illustrated Books— Library
Sets of Shakesjieare, Fielding, Scott. Dickens, and others, many in
■ alf ami morocco Bindings— the Writings of Oscar Wilde— Dodsley's
Collection of Old Plays, by Hnzlitt, 15 vols.— Sets of British Classics-
Morris s British Birds. 4c, 8 vols., and other Natural History and
Scientific Books— Standard Works in History, Philology, and Travel—
a Set of Book-Prices Current, 1!» vols.— Encyclopedia Britannica,
Tenth Edition, as vols, half-morocco— First Editions of Esteecmcd
Authors— Original Water-Colour Drawings by Rowlandson, Charles
Cornier, 4c. To be viewed, and Catalogues had.
Valuable Miscellaneous Books; including Duplicates from the
Library of the late HENRY SOT HE HAS', Esq.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
„>T>„A?,en£N' ttt their K°onis. lis. Chancery Lane. W.C.,
SHORTLY AFTER EASTER, valuable MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS
including handsome Illustrated Books— Standard Editions of Modern
Authors—also a Collection of Eurly Editions of the Classics, lilack-
Letter Books, 4c.
Catalogues are preparing.
The valuable Collection of Engravings of the late JOHN C.
POCOCK, Esq.
"VfKSSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
XTA will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. 1:1. Wellington
Street, Strand. WOT, on MONDAY, April a and Following Day, at
1 "clock precisely, the valuable COLLECTION of ENGRAVINGS
of the bite : JOHN C. POCOCK, Esq., of Cambcrwcll New Road,
Vi V i , £ ,7 ?f ""-' Executors), comprising Fancy .Subjects of
JlicLmdi-.il School, by y. Bartolozzi, P. W. Tomkins, C. Wilkin, W.
Hatter, Vv Dickinson, C. Turner. J. R. Smith, W. Ward, and others
-Mezzotints and Stipple Engravings, printed in Colours, including
Black Ky«l Susan by W. Dickinson ; The \\ IttJ Dorinda, by W. War.l ;
H.imct .orslcbild. after Ram berg: Beauties of Brighton, The Chain
Pier and The Chalvlieatc, t,y ,i. Thomson, after T. Harper— English
and loreign Portraits, by J. Jones. W. Dickinson, C. Turner, W M.
Gardiner. J. raiser, and others, including Mrs. Robinson, by J. R.
£niitji. after G Romnej-Coloured Sporting Prints, by II. 'Aiken,
it 'i .'"J1 'Uirns and many other*— Mezzotints published by
Robert Sayer and othera-A ews-Coloured Aquatints-Caricatures-
Military, and Historical Subject*, kc-Scrapbooka and Panel
Colour's'"*;"1""'8 """^ r"n: '"terestiug Prints, Drawings in Water
May is- riewed. Oatalogoei may be had.
Engravings and Drawings.
IVf ESSRS. 80THEBY, WILKINSON &HODGK
™!r:, SS H,Kw'.,,y A£8H28b!$ ,l"ir""""". *"• ^Wellington
Strand. W.c. on WEDNESDAY, \pril4 at I o'clock nreciselv
LI .E«TloSo,T<.|..HillU'll|. u/k.N.JIMUmJ I and' DRAW:
the ProiH-rtyof „ GENTLEMAN in the Country. Including
Eivr.Mm/san.l A'luatin.s bv P. W T kin*. B. Aiken, W. WooUett.
I I" 'l'.' l ",'"'o' '.V"",' "V,'1 J"k"s- K ,l""k"r' W. Alexander. J.
,rr,.. D- c..,t R. HaTcIL Hearnej Byrne, and others-an Early
Impression of An Airing in Hyde Park, by T Qaoghain after F
rollectlonsnf Views. 4c, of the various Countlos. and a few lota
at Book Illustrations, mostly in proof stale AquatlnU afl
i"'!X'.u'rs"*e ° Misccllaiicons Engrain*.. Drawings in
Miyls viewed two dajs prior. Catalogues may lie had.
The Collection of Coins and Medals of the late G. M. RICE,
Esq. ; War Medals, the Property of J. N. MOSS, Esq., and
other Propert ies.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
■will 8ELL by AUCTION at their House, No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C., on THURSDAY, April 5, and Two Following
Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, COINS and MEDALS, comprising ({reek.
Roman, English and Foreign Coins— War Medals— English and
Foreign Historical Medals— rare. Patterns and .Proofs— Coin Cabinets
and Numismatic Books, including the COLLECTION of J. N. MOSS,
Esq.. of Heme Bav-the REMAINING PORTION of the COLLEC-
TION of the late CHARLES STOKES, Esq., of Gray's Inn, W.C, and
the extensive COLLECTION of the late G. M. RICE, E6q., of
Edmonton, sold by order of the Executors.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may lie had.
The Library of the late THOMAS READER, Esq. ; tM
Library of the late J. W. JtOLME, Esq., Carlton Hill;
the Library of the late JAMES CARLTON, Esq., of
Knutsford, and other Properties.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
■will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C, on FRIDAY. April 6, and Following Day, and
on MONDAY. April 9. and Two Following Days, at 1 o'clock precisely,
BOOKS AND MANUSCRIPTS, comprising the Library of the late
THOMAS READER, Esq. (partner in the firm of Longmans. Green
& Co.l. late of Beaufort House, Peckham Rye ; the Library of the late
COLONEL LOWSLEY. Southsea; the Property of a GENTLEMAN,
deceased; the Library of the late J. W. HOLME, Esq., Carlton Hill:
the Property of a GENTLEMAN, living in Scotland ; a Portion of the
library of the late J. C POCOCK, Esq. ; the Library of the late
JAME'S CARLTON. Esq., of Knutsford ; and other Properties, in-
cluding STANDARD BOOKS in all branches of Literature — rare
First Editions— Illustrated Books— Works on Natural History— Books
on the Fine Arts, 4c.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
The Library of the late Rev. W. BEGLEY, M.A., of Green-
croft Gardens, N.W., formerly of East Hyde Vicarage,
Luton, Beds.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION at their House, No, 13. Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C, on THURSDAY, April 19. WOi), and Two
Following Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, the LIBRARY of the late
Rev. W. BEGLEY, M.A., of Greencroft Gardens, N.W., formerly of
East Hyde Vicarage. Luton, Beds., comprising rarcChronogrammatic,
Anagrammatic. and Epigrammatic Books and Tracts, and other
Singular Literary Productions— interesting and scarce Works on
Witchcraft, Sorcery, Demonomania, Alchemy, and other Occult
Subjects— Writings of Ultra-Religious Sect-Founders— Original Docu-
ments by and connected with Joanna Southcott, Mormonism,
Swedenborgianism, Quakerism, Anabaptists, Milleniarians,
Spiritualists, 4c— Collections of Ex-Libris— Early Printed Books
— a large number of Scarce Tracts, Manuscripts, 4c.
May be viewed two days prior. Citalogues may lie had.
Curios.
MR. J. C. STEVENS'S SALE of CURIOS
will take place on TUESDAY NEXT, and will include about,
400 Old Samplers from the COLLECTION of the late W. W. ROBIN-
SON, Esq.— Antique Carved Casket of the Fourteenth Century-
elaborate Model of Hindoo Temple, 3 feet square— Circular Malachite
Top Table— Weapons. 4c, from India— Collection of Old Pewter and
Old China, Bronzes, &c.
On view day prior 10 to 4 and morning of Sale.
On FRIDAY NEXT will be included the
CONTENTS of an AMATEUR'S WORKSHOP ; also a Quantity of
Household Furniture.
Library of Books.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTON
on TUESDAY, April 10, the LIBRARY of BOOKS of the
late H. L. MATTHEWS, Esq., and other Small Collections.
Sales of Miscellaneous Property.
]\/rR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
It-L SALES are held EVERY FRIDAY, at his Rooms. S& King
Street, Coven t Garden, Loudon, W.C, for the disposal of MICRO-
SCOPES, SLIDES, and OBJECTIVES — Telescopes — Theodolites-
Levels — Electrical and Scientific Instruments— Cameras, Lenses, and
all kinds of Photographic Apparatus— Optical Lanterns with Slides
and all Accessories in great variety by Best Makers — Household
Furniture— Jewellery— and other Miscellaneous Property.
On view Thursday 2 to 5 and morning of Sale.
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS.
MESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON & WOODS
respectfully (rive notice that thev will hold the following
SALES hy AUCTION, at their Great Kooiiis, King Street, St. James's
Square :—
On MONDAY, April 2, at 1 o'clock, a
collection of drawings, the Property of a gentleman.
On TUESDAY, April 3, at 1 o'clock, the
COLLECTION of MINIATURES, SNUFF-BOXES, and other
OBJECTS of VERTU formed by LADY CURIUE ideceased).
On WEDNESDAY, April 4, at 2 o'clock, choice
WINES, the Properties of the Most Hon. the MARQUIS of
LANSDOWNE. K.O.. Sir JAMES RITCHIE, Bart., R. T. CRAW-
SHAY, Esq., and .IAS, R. SOAKS, Esq..
On THURSDAY and FRIDAY, April 5 and 6,
at 1 O'clock, the COLLECTION of OBJECTS of ART formed by
HARRY O.UILTEH. Esq.
On SATURDAY and MONDAY, April 7 and 0,
at 1 o'clock, the COLLECTION of PICTURES. DRAWINGS, and
ENGRAVINGS of II AIIKY U.IILTEK, Esq.
DUBLIN.
OLD FRENCH FURNITURE of the Periods of Louis XIV.. XV., and
XVI., Tapestries, Oilt Metal Candelabra, Bronzes, Ormolu and
Buhl Rotary and Bracket Clocks, Rich Figured Silk Brocade
Curtains of historic interest, purchased in Paris early in the
Nineteenth Century ; a jiortion formerly the Projierty of Marie
Antoinette, and bearing her Monogram, the remainder forming
part of the decoration^ a i Malinaison and the Trianon Palaces-
nil Paintings, including an Important Work by Fran?. Hall—
Spceimejis of Old Se\rcs. Oriental, Dresden, Chelsea, Loweotofti
Bow and Derby China- Fine Miniatures, Jewellery. Coins, Medals
and Curios— a rare Collection of Antique Arms— about 5,000 <</
of Old Irish ami English Silver— -Sheffield Plated Ware. 4c.
TO BE SOLI) BY AUCTION, at the SALE-
ROOMS, 6, UPPER oitMoMi QUAY, DUBLIN, on Till Its
DAY. April B, and Following liav. by direction of the Executors of
the late Right Hon. the EARL liF. MONTALT, and with the
approbation of the Right lion. THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS,
Hole to commence at r.' o'clock On \iew two days pr ling,
Catalogue* on application.— BENNETT & SON, Auctioneers mid
Valuers, 0, Upper Ormoiid yuay, Dublin.
THE OXFORD DICTIONARY. A
New English Dictionary on Historical Prin-
ciples. Founded mainly on the Materials
collected by the Philological Society. Edited
by Dr. JAMES A. H. MURRAY. Complete
Part, M— MEET, 12s. M. Also Double
Section, MATTER— MESNALTY, 5s.
ESSAY ON THE NATURE OF
TRUTH. By H. IL JOACHIM. 8vo.
[Shortly.
GREEK THEORIES OF ELEMEN-
TARY COGNITION, from Alcmaeon to
Aristotle. By JOHN I. BE ARE, M.A.
8vo, cloth, 12s. Gd. net.
ARNOLD'S MER0PE WITH
SOPHOCLES' ELECTRA. (Mr. WHITE-
LAW'S Translation. ) Edited by J. CHURTON
COLLINS. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3a. 6d.
[Immediately.
THE BOOK OF JOB : Revised
Version. Edited, with Introductions and
brief Annotations, by S. R. DRIVER.
Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. Gd. net.
THE PROGRESS OF POESY: an
Inaugural Lecture. By Prof. MACKAIL.
8vo, paper covers, Is. net.
MARKHAM.— BIOGRAPHICAL
MEMOIR of DR. WILLIAM MARKHAM,
ARCHBISHOP OF YORK. By his Great-
(irandson, Sir CLEMENTS MARKHAM,
K.C.B. 8vo, cloth, 5s. net.
A HANDBOOK OF HUMAN
ANATOMY FOR ART STUDENTS.
Fully illustrated, with many new Illustrations.
By ARTHUR THOMSON. Third Edition.
8vo, buckram, Ws. net. [Immediately.
HINDU MANNERS, CUSTOMS,
AND CEREMONIES. By the Abbe J. A.
DUBOIS. Translated from the Author's
latest French MS., and Edited, with Notes,
Corrections, and Bibliography, by H. K.
BEAUCHAMP. Third Edition. Crown 8vo,
cloth, 6s. net.
BY THE LATE A. IT. J. GREEXIDGE.
INFAMIA: its Place in Roman Public
and Private Law. 8vo, cloth, \0s. Gd.
LEGAL PROCEDURE IN CICERO'S
TIME. 8vo, cloth, U. L«.
THE JOURNAL OF
THEOLOGICAL STUDIES.
Edited by the Rev. J. F. BETH UNE -BAKER,
Pembroke College, Cambridge, and the Rev.
F. E. BRHJHTMAN, Magdalen College, Oxford.
Published Quarterly. Per Numlicr, 3s. (\d. net.
Annual Subscription, 12s. net, post free.
Chief Contnit* of the, APRIL Number:—
THS PROPHECY IN ISVIAH jN. i 7. Bv the Rev.
R. H. Kennett.- THE MOOKRN ROMAN CANON AND
THE HOOK OF KSDRAS. Rv Sir Henrv H. HoWOlth.
M( K'l'A AMI AMimOSIASiT.H. By C. 11. T.iniei'.—
TRANSCRIPT OF CODEX Y. (Continued.) Bv the
Bev. W, O. K. Oesterlev. THE PASCHAL CHRONICLE.
Rv F. C. Conybeare, Met, Mercatl, and c. II. Turner
THE OXVRHVNCIUS AGRAPHA. By Mr. C. Tavlor
THE "NICENE" CREED IN THE SYRIAC PSALTER
Hv Dr. W. i:. Barnes.— THE BRETHREN OF THE
LORD. Hv Dom J. Chapman VICTORINUS OF
PETTAU. By Dora Morln.— THE COMMENTARY OF
im i. \(;iis ON nil i ims n, is or ST. PAUL Bj \.
Souter.
London: HENRY EROWDE,
Oxford University Press, Amen Corner, V..V-
380
THE ATIIENJEUM
N°4002, March 81, 1906
Do you want Good Books ? Ask for
BLACKWOOD S'.
" Messrs. Blackwood have the
reputation of discovering New
and Gifted Writers."
Readeri a/' tlii* Journal ought not to mitt eeing <i booh which it meeting "-ith
sin-li universal recognition,
PORT ARTHUR:
The Siege and Capitulation.
I.y ELLIS ASHMEAD-BARTLETT.
Fully Illustrated, ami with Maps and Plans, 21*. int.
THE GREAT BOOK ON THE SIEGE.
READ THESE PRESS OPINIONS.
"It i- the beet of the several hooks di.it tunc appeared, ;uicl it la likely to remain
the best for some time to come. He saw all th.it then- was to be seen, and has told
nearly all that there is to tell ; he baa been at the greatest pains to verify his details."
Da ihi Graphic.
"It stands apart. Its grasp of the situation as a whole and from stage to .stage, its
lucidity of exposition i>y the aid of splendid huge maps ami smaller plana, and its
picturesqueness of well-obeerved detail, make it a hook probably of lasting value."
Pall Mall Gazette.
"I was unable to lay it down until I had reread the whole mighty title. .. .Will rind
thousands of fascinated readers," — T. P. in his Weekly.
"It is. indeed, an amazing history. .. .the latest and by far the most fascinating
history of the great siege."— Standard.
"This decidedly valuable work." — Westminster Gazette.
"Short of an official history, Mr. Bartlett's book could scarcely be surpassed. . . .of
permanent interest. . . a trainable record of a memorable siege." — Aberdeen Free Press.
" we heartily commend Mr. Ashmead-Hart left's volume." — AthenCBUm.
"He (the reader) will he well repaid for the time he spends in sap and trench with
Mr. AslmieadKartlett."— Time*.
" A work of exceptional merit. . . .a powerful study of modern military science."
Birmingham Pnxt.
"This volume is produced in a manner that leaves nothing to be desired." — Scotsman.
"One of the most brilliant books, if not the most brilliant, that the late war has
produced. Told in simple, stirring language, almost every page has something worth
quoting Two really admirable maps, by far the best that hare appeared." — Daily Mail.
PORT ARTHUR:
The Siege and Capitulation.
By ELLIS ASHMEAD-BARTLETT.
21 s. net.
JUST PUBLISHED.
CHARLES LEVER: his Life in his Letters.
By EDMUND DOWNEY. Demy Svo, 2 vols. 21s. net,
Mr. Downey's volumes take the form of a Life of Lever practically told by himself in his
letters. The story of his early career is contained in hitherto unpublished letters to his
most intimate friend and adviser, Mr. Alexander Spencer, of Dublin, and the later period
is covered by his correspondence with Mr. John Blackwood and others.
A FAMILY OF HEROES.
THE HEARSEYS:
Five Generations of an Anglo-Indian Family.
By Col. HU(iH PEARSE, D.S.O. Portraits. lot. net,
"Such a family as the Hearseys has done more than all our statesmen to extend and to
hold the British Empire, For five generations the Hearseys have fought, served, and died
in India. Their courage has equalled their devotion, and they have had the opportunities
which brave men deserve. They have found the career which is always open to talents, and
it is impossible to read of their exploits without enthusiasm."
Mil. CHARLES WHIBLEY, in the Obserres.
LIFE OF JOHN C0LLINGW00D BRUCE,
LL.D. D.C.L.
By his Son, the Right Hon. Sir (JAINSEORD BRUCE, D.C.L. 10*. M. net.
" All interested in the furtherance of antiquarian research ill England, and those who
hold cherished memories of Bruce's Academy in its height of popularity, will welcome Sir
Cainsford Bruce's book of the life and letters of his father, ths distinguished scholar and
arclueologist and practical philanthropist, .John Collingwood Bruce." — Meucaiitle Journal.
THE LETTERS OF WARREN HASTINGS
TO HIS WIFE.
Introduced and Annotated by SYDNEY C. (JRIER,
Author of 'The Creat Proconsul,' 'In Furthest Ind,' 4c, lbs, net
" A distinctly interesting volume, and quite free from the proslngs and trivialities in
which compilations of this nature not infrequently abound ... .Sir. (irieris to be Congratu-
lated on having produced a volume which no person interested in the history of India can
afford to neglect."- English Review.
WHETHER YOU ARE AN AUTHOR OR NOT, ASK FOR
THE AUTHORS PROGRESS.
By ADAM LORIMKR. .',, n fc.
'There is a laugh In almost ert • ,„„„.
' A Imok in win', h imiiH.iii ripple* and rparft • ■ «."
Daily ChrimieU,
WILLIAM PITT.
By CHARLES WHIBLEY. Illustrated, I* „et.
Mr. Whibley's brilliant study of "the Saviour of Kurope " is being read with very
great interest. "It has been left to Mr. Whibley," «ayn the Daily I to do fufj
justice to the man who may accurately be asid to have founded tin- British Kinpir
" \\ e cannot too warmly commend Mr. Whihl.-v's work to our r.-.id.-rs. To read it is to
be braced as by a tonic at the memory of a gre;il and gloriou- past."
Mr. H. W. WILSON, in the DaiUi Mail
NOVELS TO NOTE AND TO ASK FOR.
HIS INDOLENCE OF ARRAS.
r (s ECO NT) EDITIOX.)
By AY. J. ECCOTT, Author of ' Fortune's Castaway.' 6*.
"I see that a reviewer says it reminds him of Pumas. It reminds me of no one,
because I was too much interested in ' His Indolence ' to think of any one el •
(i. It. Sims, in the R'fertt.
"NO. 101."
By WYMOND CAREY, Author of 'Monsieur Martin.' &>.
The popularity of this entrancing story of Louis XV. and the Pompadour mav
shown by the fact of a Fourth Edition being called for. The cryptic signature of
crossed daggers and 101 drawn in human blood covers the identity of an historic spy of
that time.
" Mr. Wymond Carey has enhanced our indebtedness to his ingenious pen by his new
venture into the field of romance." — Spectator.
" Mr. Pt'NCH says :— " ' No. 101 ' is worth the full price."
" It is a long time since I have had the good fortune of reading so fine an historical
romance— a really excellent story."— Mr. W. T. STEAD, in the Heciew of Jleriftrs.
be-
the
LADY SARAH'S DEED OF GIFT.
By E. ACEITUNA GRIFFIN. r>.
"It is refreshing to a reviewer to find a first work of an author as bright, spontaneous,
and natural as this. Messrs. Blackwood have the reputation of discovering new and gifted
writers, but if we are not much mistaken Miss (Jriffin will go far and will worthily maintain,
the high traditions of this old Edinburgh house." — Standard.
Ask yenir Bookseller for BLACKWOOD'S Spring Announcement
List and their Latest Published Xovtl,
A MAID OF NORMANDY,
By DORA M. JONES. 6s.
BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE
For APRIL contains :— •
CHABLES LEVER.
GAMEKEEPERS AND GILLIES I HAVE KNOWN.
By the Right Hon. sir HERBERT MAXWF.LL, Bart.
By ALFRED NOTES.
By PKRCF.VAL (ilBBOX.
By MOIRA O'XKILL.
By EDWARD HVTTOX.
B] .T. s. (U)l'sTOX.
DRAKE : an English Epic. Book II.
SERGIUS WITTE.
SPRING ON THE RANCHE.
SALAMANCA.
COUNT BUNKER. Chaps. 10 88.
A HISTORY OP HUMAN ERBOB.
THE HONOUR OF DAUD KHAN.
OLD VIEWS AND NEW VOTEBS-
MUSINGS WITHOUT METHOD.
The Sentimentality of To-day— A Decay in Manners Plato for the Fashionable —
Mr. Carnegie as an Arbiter of Letters literature and Advertisement— "A Modern
Symposium"
INFANTILIS QU^EDAM.
A NEW HOUSE FOB THE COMMONS. By HF.XRY W. Ll'CV.
T HE CALL TO ABMS.
By the Author of ' On the Heels of De Wet.'
By J. K.
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.
N°4092, March 31, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
381
HARPE R'S
FOR APRIL NOW READY.
Margaret Deland's Great Novel.
THE AWAKENING OF HELENA RICHIE.
Chemistry and the World's Food.
THE FIXATION OF NITROGEN.
Prof. ROBERT KENNEDY DUNCAN.
Dickens in Switzerland.
UNPUBLISHED LETTERS, PORTRAITS, &c.
Warwick Deeping's New Story.
TIPHAINE LA FEE.
Illustrated.
Illustrated .
Illustrated.
William D. Howells's
Illustrated Article on NORTHAMPTON AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS.
The Hudson's Bay Company
AND THE RAIDERS OF 1670-1697. By A. C. LAUT. Illustrated.
Herbert Spencer's Home Life. By" two. »
Many complete Stories, &c, and a profusion of beautiful Illustrations.
Evolution the Master Key.
7s. 6d.
By Dr. C. W. SALEEBY, Author of ' The Cycle of Life,' &c. Demy 8vo.
" We have found a very lucid and suggestive exposition of Spencer's ' Synthetic Philosophy ' in
relation to the most advanced knowledge of the day. It is in every respect up to date. We rejoice
that this volume has made its appearance. The author's style is not too light for the subject and yet
is agreeable." — Westminster Gazette.
Sporting Trips of a Subaltern.
10s. 6d,
By Capt. B. R. M. GLOSSOP. Profusely illustrated. Demy 8vo.
" There can be no complaint of any lack of variety of scene in the book ; the descriptions of country
are admirably graphic, and there is an abundance of thrilling sensation. The author is more than a
mere sportsman, he is a lover of nature Captain Glossop has tested many of the latest improvements
in rifles, and modestly gives his experiences for what they are worth." — Times.
A NEW BOOK BT THE AUTHOR OF « LADY BEATRIX AND THE FORBIDDEN MAN.'
FOR WHICH WIFE?
Crown 8vo, 3s. Qd.
" The average man is more conscientious than the average woman — that is the moral of this
interesting novel So cleverly drawn that the implied indictment is of some weight. The author has
a story to tell, and tells it well." — Times.
" Powerful and incisive, light and delicate in execution, and written with perfect good taste."
Morning Leader.
" Conspicuously illustrative of a certain phase of present-day society." — Scotsman.
The Genius.
6s.
By MARGARET POTTER, Author of 'The House of De Mailly.'
" In the hero it is not difficult to recognise the Russian composer Tschaikovsky. There are some
exciting incidents in the story, and novel-readers will find it full of interest." — Daily Telegraph.
The Long Arm.
6s.
By S. M. GARDENHIRE, Author of 'The Silence of Mrs. Harrold.'
" So attractive after the resuscitated and hopelessly monotonous Sherlock Holmes that it may be
confidently recommended to the British public." — World.
HARPER k BROTHERS, 45, Albemarle Street, London.
rpHE undoubted authenticity of THE NEW
*- SKETCH BOOK has been conceded by
every critic whose expert knowledge makes
his judgment of value. Mr. William Archer,
in a column review, points out that it is the
pleasing custom of certain literary critics
to denounce as a literary ghoul any one who
ventures to resuscitate any unacknowledged
works of a great writer. But, he continues,
"no rational admirer of Thackeray can
blame Mr. Garnett for publishing his find,
or can be other than grateful to him for so
doing." Mr. W. L. Courtney in the Daily
Telegraph says : " The world is to be heartily
congratulated on having obtained the oppor-
tunity which Mr. Garnett's editorial care
has given it, of reading new specimens of
Thackeray's light wit, rapier-like dexterity,
and curiously individual style." " No true
admirer of the larger Thackeray," says Mr-
Walter Jerrold in the Tribune, "but will
weloome this book and wish to turn to it
himself and read the essay now identified
with the honoured name."
TF you read two or three papers regularly, you
- have probably read two or three long and
appreciative reviews of FordMadox Heuffer's
new novel, THE FIFTH QUEEN : AND
HOW SHE CAME TO COURT. Had
you read ALL the leading London and
provincial papers you would have read from
thirty to forty such articles, and would
have been struck by the unanimity of the
critics. If you will read THE FIFTH
QUEEN for yourself you will find that this
vivid and original romance has only received
its just meed of praise. A second impres*
-" sion is ready to-da}'.
TDICHARD
BALDOCK is the title of a new
novel by the author of ' The House of
Merrilees,' which will be ready next month.
RICHARD BALUOCK, by Archibald Mar*
shall, should be ordered in advance, as it is
certain to be in great demand.
TN MY CORNISH NEIGHBOURS, by Mrs.
Havelock Ellis, we have, says the Manchester
Courier, " a delightful volume of Cornish
character sketches." "It would be a
difficult matter to say," the Dundee Courier
remarks, "which of these gems— for they are
gems — we prefer." "The matter of this
book is worthy of its dainty get-up, which
is a model of neatness and taste."
Nottingham Guardian.
rpWO other successful novels that are in steady
A demand are MRS. ERRICKER'S REPUTA-
TION, which isdescribed by the World's Work
as " A really striking and brilliant study of
the modern world," and THE FURSUIT
OF MR. FAVIEL, by R. E. Vernede, of
which the Yorkshire Observer says, " A
more delightful piece of humorous nonsense
we have not come aenss since the day of
'Vice Versa.'"
When ordering from the Library or Bookseller
ask for
THE FIFTH QUEEN.
FORI) MADOX BUKFFKB. 6s.
THE NEW SKETCH BOOK.
W. M. TIIACKKKAY. 7s. 6d. neL
MY COBNISH NEIGHBOUBS.
Mrs. HAVKLOCK KM. Is. 3s. 6d.
MBS. EBBICKEB'S BEPUTATION.
THOMAS COBB 6s.
THE PUBSUIT OF MB. FAVIEL.
It K. VKKNKDK. 6a.
ALL TUBLISHED BY ALSTON RIVERS. Lxr.
.'{82
THE ATHENiEUM
N°4092, March 31, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NEW BOOKS.
MEMOIRS OF
ARCHBISHOP TEMPLE.
By SEVEN FRIENDS. Edited by H. <i. BAND-
FORD, Archdeacon of Exeter. With Photogravure
and other IlluMnition.s. In 2 vols. 8vo, 36*. net.
LORD RANDOLPH
CHURCHILL.
By WINSTON BPBNCER CHURCHILL, M.P.
With Portraits. In 2 voIh. demy 8vo, 36*. net.
HENRY SIDGWICK: a Memoir.
Bv A. S. and K. M. S. With Portraits, 8vo,
li*. 6d. net
TRIBUSK.—" One of the most fascinating memoirs that
have appeared in our time."
THE LIFE OF JOHN WESLEY.
By Prof. C. T. WINCHESTER. With Portraits,
8vo, 6s. 6d. net.
NERO.
By STEPHEN PHILLIPS. Crown 8vo, Is. 6d. net.
NEW BOOK BY THE AUTHOR OF
' THE SOUL OF A PEOPLE.'
A PEOPLE AT SCHOOL.
By H. FIELDING HALL. 8vo, 10s. net.
TRIBUSK.—" There is so much that is stimulating and
suggestive in this illuminating book that one is tempted to
quote indefinitely, but enough has been quoted to show that
this is a book that statesmen and economists should study,
and it is one which should be placed in the hands of all
young men taking posts in the Civil Service 'out East.'"
THE ORIGIN AND
DEVELOPMENT OF THE
MORAL IDEA.
By EDWARD WESTERMARCK, Author of
the ' History of Human Marriage. ' In 2 vols.
VoL I. 8vo, 14«. net.
Mr. L. T. Hobhovse in the TRIBUNE— "T>r. Wester-
marck's book will take its place as Ihe indispensable basis
for any future theory either of ethical or sociological
development. .. .A work of which it is not too much to
predict that it will mark the beginning of a new era in the
study of genera] sociology."
ROMAN PRIVATE LAW.
Founded on the ' Institutes ' of Gaius and Jus-
tinian. By R. W. LEAGE, M.A. B.C.L., of the
Inner Temple. 8vo, 10*. net.
MEDIEVAL RHODESIA.
ByDAVIDRANDALL-MACIVER.M.A.F.R.G.S.
Fully illustrated. Demy 4to, 20«. net.
DAILY NKWS.—"T)t. Maclver has placed the whole
matter on a different footing than it had before he began
his fruitful investigations. . . .This copiously and beautifully
illustrated volume is not the least noteworthy result of the
late visit of the British Association to South Africa."
THE TAXATION OF THE
LIQUOR TRADE.
By JOSEPH ROWNTREE and ARTHUR
SHERWELL. Vol. I. : Public Houses— Hotels-
Restaurants — Theatres — Railway liars — Clubs.
8vo, 10s. 6d. net.
THE CENTURY MAGAZINE.
Illust rated. Price In. id. ; Annual Subscription, 1&*.
The APRIL Number contain* :—
A WEEK AT WATERLOO. Scenes During and After
the IUM I*-. The Remarkable Narrative of Lady de
Lancey, wife of Colonel Sir William H. de Lancey. of
Wellington's Staff, now brought to light. V\ ith
hitherto rnpublished Letters from Sir Walter Scott
and Charles Dickens.
HISTORIC PALACES OF PARIS. IV. Hotel de la
Rochefoucauld-Douileauville. By Camille Oroukowski.
Pictures by Andre Castaigne, Jules Guerin, and Hurry
Form.
And numerous other Stories and Articles of General Interest
HURST & BLACKETTS
NEW BOOKS.
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd, London.
In 1 vol. royal 8vo, with numerous Illustrations
from Photographs taken especially for this book,
price 21«. net.
P0RFIRI0 DIAZ,
Seven Times President of Mexico.
By Mrs. ALEC TWEEDIE,
Author of ' Mexioo as I Baw it,' Ac.
AN ART BOOK FOR ALL TIME.
ORDINARY EDITION, 1 vol. demy 4to, cloth,
gilt top, price 21. 2s. net.
Containing 41 Full-Page Illustrations in
Colour and 36 in Black and White.
THE FIRST CENTURY OF
ENGLISH PORCELAIN,
1744-1850.
By W. MOORE BINNS,
Director of Furnivals, Limited, and late Art
Director of the Royal Porcelain Works, Worcester.
A BOOK OF PERSONAL REMINISCENCES.
NOW READY, in 1 vol. crown 8vo, with
numerous Illustrations, price 6s. net.
SIX YEARS AT THE
RUSSIAN COURT.
By M. EAGAR.
NEW and REVISED EDITION
READY APRIL 9, in 1 vol. medium 8vo, fully
illustrated, price 10*. 6d. net1
LHASA.
By PERCEVAL LAN DON.
THE LATEST AND BEST
SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
THE FLOWER OF FRANCE.
By JUSTIN HUNTLY McCARTHY.
[Ready in England and America on April 9.
THE BLACK CUIRASSIER.
By PHILIP STEVENSON,
Author of * A Gendarme of the King.'
JIMMY QUIXOTE. By Tom Gallon,
Author of ' Tatterley,' &c.
THE TRIUMPHS OF EUGENE
VALMONT. By ROBERT BARR, Author
of ' A Prince of Good Fellows,' &c.
JENNIFER PONTEFRACTE. By
ALICE and CLAUDE ASKEW, Authors of
4 Shulamite,' ' Anna of the Plains,' &c.
UNDER THE ARCH OF LIFE. By
LADY HENRY SOMERSET.
THE WHITE HAND. By Carl
JOUBERT, Author of ' Russia As It Really
Is,' &c.
THE DRAKESTONE. By Oliver
ONIONS, Author of 'The Odd -Job Man,' &c.
IN SILENCE. By Mrs. Fred
REYNOLDS, Author of ' A Quaker Wooing,'
&c.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
THE
PANEL-BOOKS
are a series of sumptuous Claries de Luxe,
produced with can? and artistic t-iste—
books that will grace your bookshelf or
table, and that you can handle and read
with real delight. As their name implies,
they are of liandy " panel " shape. Richly
bound and printed in large clear tyj»e on
permanent antique paper, with ample
margins, Tub Panel - Boons recall the
charming editions of the Eighteenth
Century ; and every accessory to a good
book which the book -lover appreciates is
to be found in this new series — a coloured
frontispiece, decorated title - page, orna-
mental end-papers, silk bookmark, full gilt
edges, embossed and 22-carat gold btamped
cover, and — what is an entirely new depar-
ture, giving an added distinction to the
series — a specially designed Heraldic Book-
plate affixed to the inside of each cover.
On this the owner of the book can inscribe
his or her name. The book-plate, cover,
title-pages, decorations, and end-papers
have been designed for The Panel-Books
by Edgar Wilson.
From this short description it will be
seen that The Panel - Books have a
character of their own. Elegant in format,
tasteful to look upon, with paper and type
that are restful to the eye, they are ideal
companions for the spare hour at home or
on travel — books that you can live with on
terms of close intimacy — books that are
beautiful in every sense of the word.
The titles chosen for The Panel-Books
are of infinite variety, to please differing
tastes. Fiction, Memoirs, Poetry, History,
Biography, Folk-Lore, Choice Extracts,
The Drama, Humour, Travel, Devotion —
all find a place in the new series.
For example, these are the first titles,
each book being complete in one volume : —
THE MEMOIRS OF COUNT
GRAMMONT. Bv ANTHONY HAMILTON.
DON JUAN.
By Lord Byron.
NASH.
THE LIFE OF BEAU
By OLIVER GOLDSMITH.
SILAS MARNER. By George
ELIOT.
DECISIVE BATTLES OF THE
WORLD. By Sir EDWARD CREASY.
THE DEVIL ON TWO
STICKS. By ALAN RENE LE SAGE.
SHERIDAN'S PLAYS. By
RICHARD BRINSLEY SHERIDAN.
OLIVER TWIST.
DICKENS.
As to the price of The Panel-Books, for
a series of such exceptional quality it is
extremely low. Bound in art vellum, em-
bossed and gold stamped, with gilt edges, it
is 2s. G</. net for each volume ; in half-
leather, 3s. net ; in full lambskin, 3s. 6rf.
net ; and in real Persian leather, 5s. net.
By Charles
May we send you a full Prospectus free ?
SISLEY'S, Limited,
9, Duke Street, Charing Cross, London.
N° 4092, March 31, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
383
SA TURD A Y, MARCH 31, 1906.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
A Memoir of Henry Sidgwick 383
Stubbs's Lectures on Early English History .. 384
Letters of Warren Hastings to his Wife . . 385
The Principles of Religious Ceremonial . . 386
New Novels (The Way of the Spirit ; For Life— and
After ; Dick ; Jack Derringer ; Rebecca Mary ;
Curayl ; Giant Circumstance) 387—388
Japanese Studies 388
Our Library Table (The Letters of Richard Ford ;
The Miracles of Our Lady; Memoirs of General
Daly , Les Pas sur le Sable ; A Memoir of Jane
Austen ; Ingoldsby Legends ; Methuen's Standard
Library ; Mr. Tutin's Booklets ; Crockford) 389—390
List of New Books 390
Notes from Cambridge; Proceedings of the
British Academy ; The Spring Publishing
Season 391—393
Literary Gossip 393
Science— New Creations in Plant Life; Wild-
fowl; Symbolic Logic and its Applications;
Anthropological Notes; A Neglected Map
of London ; Societies ; Meetings Next Week ;
Gossip 395—399
Fine Arts— Books on Rome; The Royal Society
of British Artists ; Exhibitions at Shep-
iif.rd's and Dickinson's Galleries ; The
British School at Rome ; M. Eugene Car-
hikke; Sales; Gossip 399—402
Music— Mr. Cyril Scott's Concert ; Miss Booker
and Mr. Harfokd's Concert; London Sym-
phony Orchestra Concert ; Gossip ; Per-
formances Next Week 403—404
Drama— Gossip 404
Index to Advertisers 404
LITERATURE
Henry Sidgwick : a Memoir. By A. S.
and E. M. S. (Macmillan & Co.)
A memoir of Henry Sidgwick is virtually
a history of Cambridge University during
the last forty years of the nineteenth
century. Going up from Rugby, where
he had been one of a group of boys who
subsequently gained as much distinction,
both at their universities and in the world,
as ever probably fell to any lot of school
contemporaries, he had a brilliant under-
graduate career, " going out," to use the
old Cambridge term, as a wrangler and
Senior Classic, and was elected Fellow
of Trinity before the middle of his twenty-
second year. Even then he was an
insatiable student, though no recluse. On
the contrary, he delighted in society, and
was, according to all testimony, delightful
in it. He never lost the enjoyment of
boyish fun, and to the end of his life
would recite with glee nonsense - rhymes
and the like that had struck his fancy.
In ordinary company he bore his " weight
of learning lightly, like a flower."
After his degree Sidgwick settled himself
at Cambridge, which remained his home
for the rest of his life. In every movement
which marked the progress of University
affairs he played a conspicuous part. In
a society where men meet daily and talk
about current views it is hard to assign
tin* initiative in any movement ; but
Sidgwick wan at least one of the earliest
co-operators in many schemes which have
profoundly modified the Cambridge of
the sixties. His resignation of his fellow-
ship on religious grounds, in 1869 (at a
time when many men who differed far
more fundamentally than he from the
accepted formulas were taking their
dividends without a murmur), had a great
influence in bringing about the abolition
of tests for such posts. Newnham College
remains as a perpetual memorial of the
indefatigable energy with which he cham-
pioned the claims of women to a share
in the benefits of University teaching.
To throw those benefits open as widely
as possible was his constant aim ; he was
a pioneer of Higher Local Examinations,
and gave valuable aid to Mr. James
Stuart's scheme of University Extension.
More than once his private munificence
came to the aid of studies in danger of
missing a desirable teacher for lack of
funds, or in need of material equipment.
But after all, when a man is gone from
among us, we are perhaps more solicitous
that those who knew him not should learn
what he was and what he thought than
what he did. The biographers have
wisely executed their task mainly by
letting Sidgwick speak for himself through
his letters and a diary kept for some years
from 1884, for the benefit of J. A. Symonds.
These reveal his mind clearly enough, and
it is of them that we shall chiefly speak.
For a vivid sketch of Sidgwick as he struck
men of a generation intermediate between
his own and that now coming on, we
cannot do better than invite readers to look
at Mr. Lowes Dickinson's suggestive and
thoughtful little book ' A Modern Sym-
posium,' in which not the least striking
figure is that of " Prof. Henry Martin."
The prototype of Henry Martin is at
once obvious to all who had known any-
thing of the intellectual life of Cambridge
during the last twenty years, nor do we
know to what source we should more
readily refer an inquirer who wished for
information as to Henry Sidgwick's atti-
tude towards the problems of the world
than to the discourse (or Thesis) put into
the mouth of Martin. " A sceptic by
vocation " he calls himself ; the historic
Sidgwick writes : "I cannot give to
principles of conduct either the formal
certainty that comes from exact science
or the practical certainty that comes
from a real consensus of experts."
Or again : " When I read what other
people say, I seem to see that they
have not got it quite right ; and then,
after an effort, what seems to be the
truth comes to me." This last remark
refers only to " seeing things in the history
of thought," with special reference to the
evolution of political ideas (the subject
at which he was then working), and con-
sequently something of the nature of
" formal certainty " was possible. But on
other and more speculative points the
impression he produced was that of a
thinker who so clearly saw all sides that
he found it difficult to take any. His
biographers, indeed, assure us that that
was a mistaken view of him, and that
"he held opinions firmly." It is, of course,
hard to question their supreme authority
to pronounce on such a point ; yet it is
not always those nearest to a man who
can best judge of some aspects of his
character. If an inference may be drawn
from many passages in the present book,
one would feel more inclined to say that
the opinion which Sidgwick held most
firmly was that on most points no opinion
could be held. On him, as on Parmenides,
the injunction seemed to have been laid
irdvra Trv6e<r6aif
t]fi€v d\i]9(ir]s tvireideos aVoe/ces VT0P)
i]£e f3poT(oi> 86£as, rats ovk evi tti'o-tls a\r)dri<;.
His biographers recognize, at least, that
" he had a greater capacity than seems to-
be generally possessed for maintaining an
open mind, for keeping his judgment in
suspense when the facts were doubtful and
decisions involving practical results were
not immediately required."
The qualification as to " practical results '"
was not always operative, as a trivial
anecdote will show. A good many years
ago an election was being held for a Uni-
versity office, respectable, but involving
no responsibility more serious than that
of attendance on the Vice-Chancellor on
certain ceremonial occasions. At the
entrance of the Senate Heuse Sidgwick
met a non-resident friend, who had come
up to vote, and asked which candidate
he had supported. " Oh, I have voted
for A — ," was the answer. " Why ? "
" Mainly, I think, because his wife and
mine are near relations." " You had not,
then," returned Sidgwick, with that
indulgent little smile of his, " formed any
precise judgment as to his superior quali-
fication for the post 1 " The other ad-
mitted that he had not regarded the ques-
tion from that point of view, and left
Sidgwick " this way and that dividing
the swift mind." In the end Sidgwick
left the Senate House without voting.
Yet in more important matters, as has
been indicated, he was far from ineffectual.
The passage from which we have quoted
continues : — ■
" In practical affairs he generally acted
consciously on a balance of advantages, not
on any overpowering conviction that the
course he adopted must certainly be right ....
The result was not indecisiveness in action.
When he took up any matter — for instance,
the education of women — he worked at it
with a deliberate zeal and unwavering
singleminded self-devotion which made up
for lack of enthusiastic and unhesitating
conviction ; but he worked without the
stimulus which this gives " ;
and as a result, in the words quoted from
the Master of Christ's, who had long
worked with him, " He was at no time
the leader of a party, but he often led
the leaders." Similarly his brother-in-
law, Mr. Arthur Balfour, writes : —
" He never claimed authority ; he never
sought to impose his views ; he never
argued for victory ; he never evaded an
issue. Whether these are the qualities
which best fit their possessor to found a
' school ' may well bo doubted. But there
can be no doubt whatever that they con-
tributed to give Sidgwick a most potent
and memorable influence, not so much over
the opinions as over the intellectual develop-
ment of any who had the good fortune to be
associated with him, whether as pupil or as
friend."
" Criticism before enthusiasm " is the
key-note of " Henry Martin's " address
:;s.i
THE ATIIKNjEUM
N*4092, Habcb 31, 1906
in the " Modern Symposium ' ; it is the
not<\ too, «»f the Cambridge mind in it*
most typical manifestations. The Cam-
bridge mind likes to deal with the demon-
strable ; if it does take up " metaphysics
and BO on." it is rather as an exercise than
with any Idea of arriving at a basis for
conduct. It Will criticize as much as you
pleasi M no propositions so well estab-
lished that " it docs not claim " the right
to deny or question " them, to use Sidg-
wick's own term when speaking of a body
which above all represents the essence of
the Cambridge mind. But as a rule it
keeps i^s speculative criticism and its
practical action in more or less water-
tight compartments. One could name
many of the most relentless sceptics and
makers of paradox in youth who have
grown up into champions of the estab-
lished and commonplace. There was no
fear that Sidgwick would do this. He says
himself in one place : —
" I sometimes think that we none of us
grow older au fond, only in the outside of
our minds. In the core of him is just
as impulsive as when he was an under-
graduate ; and have I changed much myself
in essentials ? Perhaps only Philistines
really grow old in mind — I mean the people
who, as years go on, identify themselves with
the worldly aims and conventional standard
which, when young, they regard as outside
themselves. Excellent people often, these
Philistines, and a most necessary element
of society [with a small s], but still I am
inclined to think that they grow old in a
sense in which we — perhaps — do not."
It might have been in some respects
better for Sidgwick if he had been able
to identify himself a little more, not,
indeed, with worldly aims and conven-
tional standards, but with the rooted
conviction of the average man that
criticism by itself is unproductive. For
one thing, it is destructive of compromise ;
and without compromise the world of
affairs would soon stand still. In practice,
no doubt, as we have seen — at any rate,
in matters that, for one reason or another,
interested him immediately — he could,
even if his mind were not absolutely
convinced, throw his energy into fruitful
work as strenuously as the most single-
eyed of enthusiasts.
What Sidgwick would have done had
he taken to the political life for which
he seems at times to have had a hanker-
ing, it is hard to say. The motive force
in political action must be enthusiasm
tempered by compromise ; the alternative
is the rule of the " superior person," who,
under modern conditions, is bound to
become the caretaker for the " boss."
Sidgwick was not, indeed, a typical
specimen of the " superior person " ; his
nature, essentially generous and simple,
aided by his sense of humour, saved him
from that. But his mental attitude, if
adopted by weaker and less conscientious
thinkers, is apt to find expression in the
41 superior person's " formula, " There 's
nothing new, and there 's nothing true,
and it doesn't matter."
Though a professed student of political
philosophy, Sidgwick was curiously un-
fortunate in some of his political forecasts.
< tece, quite at the beginning of his career,
in 1 861, ire find him uttering s prophecy
remarkable in its accuracy. " I Seem,
he says,
"to see, an clear a.s if it won in history, the
long Conservative reaction that awaits um
when tin- W'lii^r party have vanished ; and
I also him- the shock menaced by the Radical
opposition when they have wufficiently
agitated the country."
This, it will be observed, seven years
before the Liberal victory of 1868, and
more than twenty before the final disappear-
ance of the Whigs. Whether his " one
remedy " — " to form a Liberal Mediative
party on the principles of J. S. Mill " —
would have come to any good, one cannot
say. The thinkers and writers who found
the brains for the Conservative party from
1874 or so had, we fancy, small reverence
for Mill and his principles.
Sidgwick, however, like the spirits in
Dante, had a better view of the remote
than of the immediate future. Towards
the end of March, 1885, he speaks of " the
impossibility of turning the [Gladstone]
Government out." In the following June,
no doubt, he anticipates correctly enough
the Liberal victory at the next election,
and the coming of the Tories' turn in the
Parliament after next ; but he clearly
did not anticipate how soon the " Parlia-
ment after next " would arrive ; and in
the following spring, when it was becoming
clear that a second dissolution could not
long be delayed, he writes : "I cannot
feel doubt — I wish I could — that Glad-
stone will win on an appeal to the country."
It is a little amusing to find him in June,
1885, noting as "a depressing thing "
the fact " that every one seems to agree
that in any case no Crimes Act can be
passed this year." To be sure, many
years were to elapse before Lord Randolph
Churchill's ' Life ' appeared ; but even
then most observers of politics had a
pretty shrewd idea why no Crimes Act
was likely to be passed just at that time.
On the whole, we doubt if Sidgwick would
have been a more effectual force in prac-
tical politics than John Stuart Mill himself.
The general effect produced by the
story of Sidgwick's life is, it cannot be
denied, somewhat depressing. He was
not a discontented man in the ordinary
sense ; he enjoyed the consideration of
all men, the respect of most, and the
affection of many ; he saw the achieve-
ment, largely through his own efforts,
of more than one object to which his
labour was devoted. Yet throughout his
letters and his diaries we trace a note as
of one who found the burden of life heavy.
The phrase " Labor improbus " runs like
a refrain through the pages. There is
little or no exultation at the successes
which came to him as often as to most
men. Paradoxical as it may appear to
say so, we think that to the majority
of readers the most inspiriting chapter
will be the short concluding one, which
narrates with what unostentatious, yet
none the less splendid courage Sidgwick
ordered the brief space of life that remained
to him from the day when, feeling M full
of vigour and vitality," he learnt that he
was suffering from an incurable disease.
It is enough here to Bay that the story
Can hardly be surpassed in the annals of
human fortitude.
Ltcturr-s cm Early English History. By
William Stubbs, D.D. Edited by
Arthur H assail. (Longmans A. Co.)
In the last weeks of his life Dr. Stubbs
destroyed a mass of letters from his-
torians, and tried, we must suppose, to
set his literary house in order, to ease the
task of his executors. Had he been as
careful to protect himself as he was to
protect others, he would have destroyed
the manuscripts of these old lectures, and
we cannot but think that he would have
been right in so doing. Their work was
done in the hour of their delivery ; they
can never have been meant for publication,
for Stubbs knew how fast and far know-
ledge had posted since they were written.
Had they been edited with reverent,
anxious care to guard the dead writer
as he would have guarded himself, with
due explanation of circumstance and date,
with selection and proper annotation,
publication would even so have been, in
our opinion, an error of judgment ; but,
on the contrary, they have been published
exactly as they stood — as accurately,
that is, as printers' errors and the very
slender editorial resources would permit.
The nature of those resources is suffi-
ciently betrayed by the appearance of
Dionysius " Gaignus " in text and index
(for Dionysius Exiguus) ; of a tribe of
Elderenes, parent stem of the Thuringians
and Hessians, reconstitutions (we take it)
of " older ones " ; of the hireling " eone "
(esne) ; and of the Fuero of Sopoarbe
(Sobrarbe), not to make a longer list ol
similar disasters.
The table of contents sounds as inviting
as could be desired : it includes the Anglo-
Saxon constitution ; feudalism ; laws and
legislation of the Norman kings ; the
Dialogus, Leges Henrici, shire moot and
hundred moot, Stephen's charters, Domes-
day and later surveys ; the comparative con-
stitutional history of mediaeval Europe ; and
the origins of European law. No student
of mediaeval history can approach a new
work on such subjects coming from the
pen of Stubbs without a thrill of excite-
ment ; leave to hear the long-silenced
voice of this great man speaking on the
well- beloved themes seems something to
be grateful for indeed. But. alas ! the voice
is as the voice of the dead speaking in
spiritualistic seance, in likeness to the
original a mockery, bearing a communica-
tion too often false, trivial, or disappointing.
The Stubbs with whom in 1906 we are
permitted to come face to face is not the
great scholar of European reputation, but
a Stubbs trying, some thirty or forty
years ago, to hold the attention of a village
audience on the most difficult of themes, or
vainly urging on his class of young Oxford
students to attack problems long since
solved by Dr. Liebermann. We are per-
mitted to see him fumbling — as in the
privacy of the lecture-room the greatest
N° 4092, March 31, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
385
may be allowed to fumble — over un-
certainties of date and meaning in docu-
ments not then explored, but fully
explored and dated (as he well knew)
before his death.
Again, we may see how Stubbs expands
a few tightly packed pages of the ' Con-
stitutional History ' into a form which
makes a reasonably good discourse. What,
in such circumstances, the result must
be can easily be guessed. There are
the repetitions which are absolutely
necessary when new audiences are faced —
repetitions which are superfluous in print ;
there are the deviations from the point
which are desirable enough when young
men are being taught something (it
does not much matter what) ; and there
is, of course, the admixture of pleasant
humour, parable, and pithy epigram with
which Stubbs seasoned all his discourse.
Philosophy is "an attempt to discover
the wrong reasons for events," " to ela-
borate processes by which the things
that we see or know to have happened
could be accounted for, supposing that
everything that produced them was some-
thing else than what it is." Coleridge
described conscience " as the court of
equity established by God in man " ;
" at this rate the conscience of the nation
ought (by simple conversion) to be found
in the High Court of Chancery." It is
for a few quaint, characteristic sayings of
this kind that the book is to be treasured ;
and they might be brought together
with some others to make a collection of
the bishop's apophthegms. But the book
is not, as the editor tells us, " an invaluable
addition to our authorities," not " a full
commentary upon the most difficult por-
tions of the ' Select Charters ' " ; not " an
invaluable collection of treatises." The
work of Dr. Liebermann upon the Anglo-
Saxon laws and their satellites, with
which evidently the editor is wholly un-
acquainted, renders the most scholarly of
the treatises hopelessly out of date.
Deeply interesting, of course, it is to
follow every turn of the master's mind
and phase of his history ; to know how
far and where he could go wrong ; to see
him in the professorial chair, " semi-
convivial," as he says, or " with majesty
undefined, like the royal supremacy in
ecclesiastical causes " ; or to meet him as
the popular lecturer trying to leave a
definite picture on the blank sheet of
vacant minds. In the more popular of
these lectures he draws the sharp outlines
which in his finished writing he generally
sought to avoid, for none knew better than
he how little such outlines represent the
facts visible to our imperfect knowledge ;
and from these revelations of what he was
prepared to support when at bay before a
class, it is possible to see the immense
progress that has been made since his
time. Valuable the work is to those who
can be trusted to treat unintentional
self-revelation with respect ; but the house
of Stubbs without its frontage, the inside
gaping, exposed to day, is a sight from
which Reverence averts her eyes. To
turn from these lectures to one of his great
books is like purification after sacrilege.
The Letters of Warren Hastings to his
Wife. Transcribed in full from the
Originals in the British Museum. Intro-
duced and annotated by Sydney C.
Grier. (Blackwood & Sons.)
Macattlay in his famous essay tells us
that the love of Warren Hastings was of
a most characteristic description : —
" Like his hatred, like his ambition, like
all his passions, it was strong, but not
impetuous ; it was calm, deep, earnest, and
patient of delay, unconquerable by time."
Macaulay's judgment was founded on
Gleig's biography, which furnished the
text for his essay. If he had read the
letters of Warren Hastings to his wife,
now in the British Museum, he would no
doubt have formed a different opinion,
though Macaulay was hardly by tempera-
ment a good judge of a great passion.
Warren Hastings's admiration for his wife
was unbounded, and his love certainly
was not " calm " nor " patient of delay."
When she was by his side nothing could
come amiss to him : the care and fatigues
of the day made no impression on his
spirits. When she had left for England
he wrote : —
" I miss you in every instant and incident
of my life, and everything seems to wear a
dead stillness around me ; I come home as
to a solitude."
In almost all the letters we find the same
cry of despair at her absence, the same
assurance of his unceasing love ; they
are not the love letters of a man to his
wife, but the letters of a man who is not
certain that his great love is entirely
returned by his mistress. Macaulay,
writing about Hastings's minutes and
dispatches, says the style
" was in general forcible, pure, and polished,
but it was sometimes, though not often,
turgid, and, on one or two occasions,
even bombastic. Perhaps the fondness of
Hastings for Persian literature may have
tended to corrupt his taste."
In the letters before us the style is too
often turgid, and on more than one occa-
sion bombastic ; but they were written
only for the eyes of the woman he loved —
and that love brightened the solitary and
dark life of the statesman who, by his
genius and daring, founded our Indian
Empire — and they will be read with
interest by generations of men and women.
With a mass of other papers relating
to Warren Hastings, they were pur-
chased by the British Museum in 1872
from the representatives of the late Rev.
Thomas Winter, Rector of Daylesford,
who had married a Miss Chapuset, niece
and companion of Mrs. Hastings. In
1875 Dr. Richard Garnett, always anxious
to assist the young student, called the
attention of the present writer to the papers,
and they were examined by him. Two
years later Mr. Beveridge drew attention
to them in The Calcutta Review ; and Dr.
Busteed in 1888 printed a large number
of them, with explanatory notes, in that
most delightful Anglo - Indian classic,
' Echoes from Old Calcutta.' Dr. Busteed
made his selection with considerable care
and judgment, and ho omitted anything
which would unnecessarily reveal the
sacred privacy of domestic life. Sydney
Grier has now transcribed the letters in
full. It is meet and right that a
State paper should be printed word
for word and letter for letter ; but there
are many passages in this private corre-
spondence which were meant only for
" her to whom they were addressed,"
and some regard should have been paid
to the feelings and wishes of the dead.
Hastings wrote : "I must not expose to
writing the fond secrets of my breast,
which should be sacredly reserved for
you alone." What a man writes to his
wife regarding the hope of posterity should
certainly not be exposed to print.
The editor contributes first a general
introduction ; then an introduction to
each series ; and lastly an introduction to
each several letter, which is often longer
than the letter itself. Every allusion is
explained, and every person named by
Hastings in the correspondence has a
separate biography. It would be difficult
to praise too highly the immense research
displayed, and the minute accuracy of
the information supplied in the bio-
graphical and explanatory notes. They
render the book one which every serious
student of the history of British dominion
in India must possess.
The introductions are not fore-notes to
love letters, but ambitious historical com-
mentaries on the events of Warren
Hastings's life. They are, for the most
part, the result of a conscientious study
of secondary authorities rather than of
the original sources of history, and the
conclusions arrived at are not original.
It is somewhat late in the day to an-
nounce with railing that Macaulay is not
accurate. His errors have been exposed
by writers of authority in grave and
measured statements, and it is the irony
of destiny that his illustrious schoolboy
should now know that he is not a trust-
worthy authority. Every edition of his
essay on Warren Hastings contains notes
pointing out his errors and shortcomings,
based on the original records, which have,
after a century, been exhumed from the
official archives. Macaulay did not enjoy
the advantage which Sydney Grier pos-
sesses of the free use of these records.
She states, with the petulance of superior
knowledge, that Macaulay was " a popular
journalist in a hurry," and describes tho
essay on Warren Hastings as " a piece
of book-making as flagrant, if not as
tedious, as the biography he professed to
review." Macaulay's reviews were never
written in a hurry ; and he never chose
his subject, as his letters show, without
being prepared to give it careful and
earnest treatment. He had resided five
years in India, and he selected Clive as a
theme because he had studied Orme's
great work with a mind accustomed
alike to historical research and political
affairs. He selected Warren H astings
because he had studied James Mill (a most
untrustworthy guide), and he had read wit h
care ' The History of the Trial of Warren
Hastings, Esq., late Governor-General of
Bengal.' In his essay he developes tho
chief points of the impeachment, and ho
:i8G
THE ATHENilUM
N*4092, Makch :n, 1906
makes dm frith surpassing, but some*
Mh.it omcrupulouM skill -of the ipeeohea
of Burke, EUiot, and Sheridan. Be has
giveil to their tirades ji marvellous mid
deadly unity of purpose. The epithet
•tedious" is the last which we should
apply to the essay, and is absurdly in-
appropriate. As in Mncaulay's ' Clive,'
the pictures of India glow like the Eastern
life they represent ; the dead are raised
to life, and the narrative is full of vigour
and movement.
The letters of Warren Hastings are
divided into three series. The first com-
prises those written from Calcutta in
I7S0, and are endorsed by Mrs. Hastings,
" Letters from my Excellent Husband
when I was at Hugly and Chinsura."
In this series we have the well-known
letter announcing the duel with Francis
which is to be seen in a glass case in the
British Museum. Letter 24 (p. 102) was,
we think, very properly omitted by Dr.
Busteed.
The second series of letters are not the
originals, but are thus endorsed in very
faint pencil, in a lady's writing (not that
of Mrs. Hastings) : —
" This paper contains a faithful copy of
the Letters convey'd in Quills to Mrs.
Hastings while Mr. H. was at Chunar.
The originals are in Mrs. Hastings' posses-
sion, together with the Quills in which
they are envelop'd."
The original letters and the quills are
now in the possession of Miss Marian
Winter, the daughter of the clergyman
above mentioned. Every student of history
knows that Pitt approved the demand
for aid from Cheyt Sing, Rajah of Benares,
and a fine for non-compliance ; but he
thought the fine too large, and on this
miserable pretext he voted for the resolu-
tion which led to the impeachment.
Hastings went to Benares to levy the fine,
and as Cheyt Sing evaded payment, he
most imprudently ordered him to be placed
under arrest in his own house. Large
bands of the Rajah's soldiers came to his
rescue ; the house was surrounded ; the
unfortunate sepoys had not brought their
ammunition, and they and their three
officers were killed. Repeated warnings
were sent to Hastings that his own quarters
would be attacked that night, and at dark
he and his small party of about thirty
Englishmen proceeded to the fortress of
Chunar, about thirty miles from Benares,
which had a small garrison of the Company's
troops. Hastings wrote to his wife : —
" I am at Chunar and in perfect health.
I entreat you to return to Calcutta. Be
confident, my beloved, all is now well, and
will be better. I have no fears but for you."
At this time Mrs. Hastings was at Patna.
When news of the Benares massacre
reached that city, the European residents,
remembering the awful slaughter of
English men, women, and children which
had occurred there only twenty years
before, contemplated leaving the settle-
ment. Mrs. Hastings persuaded them
not to abandon their important post —
a step which would, in all probability,
have led to the destruction of the garrisons
higher up the river, and of I la mid
his companions. There is no record of
what took place, but in a letter which
Hastings dictated to the ( 'ourt of I>in< i
a short time before his death, asking tln-n
consideration for his wife when he was
dead, he mentions the incident. The
letter is worthy to rank with that written
by his great opponent to a noble lord.
He tells the Directors that his death would
"leave tin* dearest object of all my moital
concerns in a state of more than com-
parative indigence. This is not one to
which she ought to be reduced, for she has
been the virtual means of supporting the
powers of life and action by which, in so
long an interval (I think thirteen years),
I was enabled to maintain those affairs in
vigour, strength, credit, and respect ; and
in one instance especially, when she was
in the city of Patna and I in a seat of
danger, she proved the personal means of
guarding one province of the Indian do-
minion from impending ruin by her own
independent fortitude and presence of
mind, varying with equal effect as every
variation of event called upon her for fresh
exertion."
On another occasion his beloved Marian
showed " her independent fortitude and
presence of mind." In the Introduction
to the third series we have a letter from
Hastings to his sister, relating how his
wife came to him when he was smitten
with a violent fever. He writes : —
" Mrs. H. has suppressed a Circumstance
relating to my Sickness w-hich in Justice
and gratitude I must supply. She was at
a Healthful spot at the Distance by Water,
of 400 miles from Calcutta, having retired
thither to avoid the Effects of the rainy
Season, which have always proved hurtfull
to her at Calcutta. — Thence she set off
suddenly and almost secretly in a little Boat
which scarce served to conceal and shelter
her, and in a tempestuous Season on a
River which is almost equal to a sea. She
attempted and performed the Voyage in
less than three Days, having very narrowly
escaped being wrecked in the Way. — She
had been some Days preceding very ill.
She arrived in perfect Health, and I can
truly affirm that she brought it to me,
and I am willing to attribute my Life as
well as my Becovery to her, for from the
Instant of her arrival my Fever left me for
a period of almost a Week, and its Beturns
have been, as I have said, inconsiderable
and diminishing since. She herself has
been, and is, better than she has been for
Years past."
William Hodges, R.A., who accompanied
Hastings in his Benares expedition, painted
a picture of the scene which occurred near
the " dreadful rocks of Colgong."
The third series of letters relate to Mrs.
Hastings's voyage to England, and her
husband's own doings afterwards until
he followed her. The only action in his
lonely and stormy life concerning which a
doubt ever seems to have crossed his
mind was his resolve to part from her : —
° I think we have ill judged. The reflec-
tion has often for an instant occurred to
me that we were wrong, but I constantly
repressed it. I urged everything that
could fix the resolution beyond the power
of recall, and felt a conscious pride in the
sacrifice I was preparing to make."
The state of his wife's health laid him
under the stern necessity of sending her
to Kngland ; the state of India i ompeDed
him to r<-m;im at hi- D " 1 will
n this thankless office," said he,
"(in the fimt favourable opportunity; I
I will not b<- driven from it either by tin-
folly of my subordinate- or tin- injnstUM f>f
my superiors. I have as red India, in sj
of them all, from foreign conquest, neither
will I quit my poet until the hilisnel affairs
of thi*- great OOUntry shall have been resto
to something like ord<r.'
On February 1st, 1785, Hastings at-
tended for the last time a meeting of the
Council over which he had presided for
thirteen years, and after wishing his
colleagues a warm farewell, and paying a
handsome tribute of praise to those who
had aided him in the heavy task of govern-
ment, he surrendered the keys of office,
and brought to a close his great adminis-
tration. On February 8th he left the
shores of India, after a service of thirty-
five years, and there is ample proof of the
honour and esteem in which he was held
by all classes of the community. The
letters to his wife show that, in spite of
his dauntless courage and serene equa-
nimity, he had his full share of the delicate
sensibilities and wayward melancholy of
the poetical temperament.
The illustrations are an important
feature of the book. The portrait of
Warren Hastings by Reynolds is merely
the conventional eighteenth-century phy-
siognomy. We do not care for the
well-known portrait by Devis. It is the
portrait by Lawrence, not given in this
volume, which depicts the high and
intellectual forehead and the mouth of
inflexible decision. The picture of Mrs.
Hastings by Zoffany does not do justice
to her.
The Principles of Religious Ceremonial.
By W. H. Frere. 4" Oxford Library of
Practical Theology." (Longmans & Co.)
This is an excellent book in a very unequal
series. Mr. Frere is one of the most
learned of liturgiologists, and has already
enriched our knowledge of the origins of
the Prayer Book. In this work, which
is avowedly written for the plain man,
the principles that underlie all that is
known as ritual are explained with a
convincing clearness which leaves nothing
to be desired ; while the historical account,
both of mediaeval and Reformation de-
velopments, is accurate, erudite, and
interesting.
In regard to this subject, the great
difficulty is to induce the average person
to see that it is of any importance at all.
Misled by a false " spiritualism," as
dangerous in religion as what Hegel
called the " false infinite " has been in
philosophy, and influenced by the reac-
tion against the exaggeration of externals,
which in the later Middle Ages was the
cloak for moral corruption, a large
number of people continue to regard the
discussion of ceremonial as at worst
degrading, and at best superfluous. But
Mr. Frere points out how unreasonable
this is : —
M There are, in reality, no such things as
N°4092, March 31, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
38-
* mere externals.' Every external implies
and has reference to something internal,
and must be estimated accordingly. Cere-
monial is an external because it is an expres-
sion of an inner reality ; this reality is often
of such a sort as to baffle expression by any
other means. Reverence, for example, is
more eloquently signified by the Publican's
bowed head than in any other way. Irre-
verence, too, is equally plainly signified by
an attitude or a gesture. No other method
of expression could be so expressive."
It is, indeed, amazing that among a
people who put on evening clothes for
dinner, and dress even their telegraph
messengers in uniform, there should be,
as there undoubtedly are, numbers to
whom the bare idea of a distinctive dress
for the clergy, and still more for the
greatest services, should appear not merely
unnecessary, but also positively noxious.
Nor can we escape ceremonial by disliking
it. There is as much ceremonial in a
Quakers' meeting as in a Roman church.
To keep the hat on, to wear a particular
costume, to use a special form of speech,
is as much a matter of ceremonial, when
these things are done in defiance of custom,
as when they follow it. It may, indeed,
be right or wise to defy the common use
of men ; but when this is done consist-
ently another use is created, which
becomes a ceremonial, and no amount of
talk of the evils of ritualism can alter the
fact. An old-fashioned Evangelical church,
with its gowned verger, its cushioned
pulpit and hassocked sanctuary, its clergy
in full surplices, black scarves, and perhaps
gown, has as much ceremonial as a modern
" advanced " service. The question can
be stated in a very simple form. As Mr.
Frere puts it : —
" A task has to be done ; then it must be
done somehow. That ' somehow ' may be
good or bad ; therefore prudence suggests
that a method should be devised and laid
down. Ceremonial has begun."
Ceremonial is, in fact, an inevitable
incident in life under conditions of time
and space. The only difference is between
ceremonial based on a reasoned sense of
the meaning of the action symbolized, and
that which is the result of haphazard
custom and caprice. As Mr. Frere says
again : —
" How impossible it is even for the most
Quaker -like of individualists to escape from
ceremonial ! He may dislike other people's
ceremonial, and even be intolerant of it,
but he is bound to have a ceremonial of his
own."
And
in another place he reflects on the
undoubted fact that Englishmen are really
rather fond of ceremonial, provided only
that they choose it for themselves ; e.g.,
the ceremonial of the various Friendly
Societies on the days when, as country-
folk say, the " feet " walks.
We think, however, that Mr. Frere
might have laid a little more stress on
the danger of such observance becoming
excessive and occupying an altogether
disproportionate place in religious life
and worship, to the exclusion of the moral
and intellectual aspects of religion. There
are, surely, not wanting signs that some
at least of those trained with the deep sense
of personal religion which the more sincere
of Evangelicals undoubtedly possessed,
were without certain of the characteristics
of the less admirable members of the class
known as " Ritualists." We should, for
instance, think it doubtful whether
such a man, say, as Mr. Mackonochie had
done as much for the strengthening and
widening of religious conception of life
throughout the nation as Westcott, whose
interest in ceremonial was but slight. We
agree, in fact, with the general principles
of Mr. Frere, but we think a little more
should have been said as to the need of
realizing that ceremonial, whether Pro-
testant or Catholic, is of minor importance,
as compared with the moral and spiritual
purpose of worship. That these are to
some persons obscured by an excess of
ceremonial is an undeniable fact ; while
the undue amount of attention which
changes in this direction always excite
seems to us an evil which alone over-
balances much of the good which ritual
undoubtedly can effect. At the same
time we are glad to have this book. The
simple and somewhat bare style of ritual
to which Englishmen were accustomed is
due to the fact that the Reformation was
essentially a middle-class movement, and
expressed the ideals, the limitations, and
the prejudices of the commercial classes.
But now, when religion must be demo-
cratic or disappear, a method of worship
suited to one order of things must vanish
also ; and the hyper-intellectual tone of
Anglicanism must give way to something
more moving and vivid, alike in preaching
and ceremonial — unless, indeed, Anglican-
ism is to be left stranded on a backwater.
The real source of the ritual struggle is
class prejudice : the old-fashioned system
was the possession of the few ; Ritualism
is one of the many attempts to adapt it
to nouvelles couches sociales. Hence the
exasperation of the classes, who were so
obviously " elect " in the past.
day, and returns maimed and blinded, to
be discarded by his nominal wife. He
then sets up in the wilderness a sort of
Platonic household with a strange
Egyptian princess. Mr. Haggard's pro-
blem, as expressed by himself, is, Would
Rupert Ullershaw be justified in breaking
Western conventions with Mea ? The
answer that occurs to the average reader
is that he would have broken them whether
he was justified or not. But Mr. Haggard's
solution is renunciation. This book is
really a ' She ' compassed with moral ad-
ventures rather than physical. It is
vigorously and loosely written, but it is
not instinct with life, except in the per-
sons of a cynical peer, and his natural
daughter, who is an excellent portrait of
a cynical modern woman.
For Life — and After. By George R. Sims.
(Chatto & Windus.)
We find abundance of human sym-
pathy, but little or no trace of the humour
characteristic of " Dagonet," in ' For Life
— and After ' : it is no spiritualistic
treatise, as the title might imply, but a
mild specimen of the detective story,
evidently suggested by real incidents.
Mr. Sims's faculty in portraying the lower
classes is so well defined that there is a
certain measure of interest in meeting
characters such as the puppet-showman
and his wife ; but neither the poor lady
whose life sentence is a miscarriage of
justice nor her relatives are so convincing
as the minor characters of a story which
is not likely to aid the cause espoused or
to add to Mr. Sims's reputation.
Rider
NEW NOVELS.
The Way of the Spirit. By H
Haggard. (Hutchinson & Co.)
Mr. Haggard's literary temperament is
essentially unrealistic. He is an idealist
at heart, and his pictures are those of life
as he would have it, or at least as he con-
ceives it. Forsaking the field of mere
adventure, he here upholds some of the
ideals which he sees in modern life ; and he
makes his apology for stepping aside from
the well-worn track of romance. Yet
indubitably this novel demonstrates that
the public is right that would drive him
" back with stones and shoutings." For
his novel is out of relation to real things
— is, indeed, as much a piece of romantic
adventure as his romances. His theme
is that of sin and renunciation. A man,
who in his youth has been led into flagrant
offence by a beautiful woman, wins a
name for himself, and marries a woman of
the world with eyes only for his inheritance.
By a treacherous trick he is shipped away
to Egypt on special service on his wedding
(Smith, Elder
Dick. By G. F. Bradby.
&Co.)
' Dick ' is the narrative of a summer
holiday spent by a very young Rugbeian
on a visit to an old Rugbeian and his wife,
who have taken a farmhouse on the
Broads. From his entrance on the scene
in a state of dejection — caused not by
the death of the aunt with whom his
previous holidays had been spent, but by
a " leaving stodge " (we forbear to quote
the menu) and a packet of cigarettes —
to his exit " laden with gifts, chiefly
eatables," this small person is the central
figure on the stage, and dull would be the
audience which did not find matter for
mirth in his doings. Of these gesta, the
best seems to us to be the " little bit of a
quor'l with the Passon's boy " (as the
old Norfolk gardener expresses it), which
results in the latter's hurried return to
the rectory with a badly damaged eye
and his hair full of " most evil-smelling
slime." The old gardener himself, who
is also in command of the wherry, is
drawn with no loss humour than truth
to life. Some wise and pregnant remarks
on the subject of education are inter-
spersed.
Jack Derringer. By Basil Lubbock. (John
Murray.)
Readers of ' Round the Horn before tho
Mast ' will look for a good sea-story when
388
THE ATI! EN ;*: UM
NM092, March 31. 1906
tlu-\ open this book, and they wfl] not
look in vain. "Jmk Derringer' laoka
only the ait of thfi finished craftsman to
make of it a veritable epic of the
All the essential rudiment* <>f the epk
are there, and the tale fairly bristles with
incident. Also, its atmosphere is one
with which the author is saturated.
He is master of the rude, brave, brutal
life he depicts. But in construction
the book fails somewhat. Also, when
uc come to the woman in the case
— that most deadly pitfall for the in-
experienced writer of adventurous fiction
— the tale loses its fine quality, and from
sheer lack of skill in characterization
'" peters out," as one of its best figure-.
the shanghaied cow-boy, would put it.
In spite of this the book should be read ;
it is better worth reading than seven in
ten of modern novels. Its picture of
life in the forecastle of a Yankee " hell-
ship," is real and convincing.
Bebecca Man/. By Annie Hamilton Don-
nell. (Hodder & Stoughton.)
' Rebecca Mary ' might well be put on
the same bookshelf as ' Lovey Mary ' or
' Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch.' But,
though raised " in the same school of
fiction, Rebecca has a marked individuality
and charm of her own ; in fact, she has not
been 'born a Plummer " in vain. The
Plummer family were, indeed, heavily
weighted with character : it stiffened
them and hemmed them in as though it
were a coat of mail. How Rebecca
Mary's childhood was troubled by this
moral armour, how she accommodated
herself to it, and how at last she and an
aunt, not without pain, softened it into
their own pattern, is told in a charming
and pathetic manner. There may be an
occasional sense of overstrain in the dia-
logues descriptive of the aunt's combats
with duty, but as a whole the story is an
admirable example of that American school
of fiction which esteems simplicity in art
as its highest achievement.
Curayl. By U. L. Silberrad. (Constable
&Co.)
This cannot, in the common acceptation
of the term, be called a " good story,"
because it has not the requirements —
plentiful incident and growing excitement.
There is at first a promise of such elements,
but the promise is unfulfilled. Of mystery
there is much ; more than one mystery,
indeed, permeates the substance of the
story. The external mystery (as it may
be called) is not quite satisfactorily solved.
The solution of the inner mystery of
human character in one of the principal
people — a man — does not appear to have
been even attempted. There is, no doubt,
wisdom in this unsatisfying procedure.
It leaves the person an interesting, almost
a disquieting figure. The atmosphere
of the story generally is also somewhat
obscure and dreamlike. ' Curayl ' is not
like earlier novels by the same author.
It has other qualities, no doubt, but the
sense of humour and alertness of narrative
noticeable in those are not so apparent
here.
Giant Circumstance. By John OzenhanL
( Hodder & Stoughton.)
This is a good story, and its centra]
figure is a wholesome young fellow, with
a will of his own, and tolerably sound
principles behind it. He is a soldier, and
we lind him in the Soudan in the company
of a young princeling, officially his
superior officer, to whom he is playing
dry-nurse on a little shooting expedition,
meant to break the monotony of pursuing
invisible and painfully elusive dervishes.
The dervishes arrive when not expected,
as is their wont, and the princeling is
cut up by them, while the hero escapes.
Naturally some one has to be blamed for
this, and the hero is sent home in disgrace.
As a result he loses a fickle sweetheart,
and finally returns to his regiment, a
marked man, who is consistently over-
looked by sulky commanding officers,
even when he performs prodigies of valour.
The tale is full of amiable detail, and free
from anything intense or closely wrought.
Its 6tyle is workmanlike, and it makes
few demands upon the reader's thinking
powers. Such a story should prove popular,
though it does not justify the inflated
language of the publishers concerning it.
JAPANESE STUDIES.
A Fantasy of Far Japan ; or, Summer
Dream Dialogues. By Baron Suyematsu.
(Constable & Co.) — We have of late reviewed
so many books on Japan that a short notice
of the present volume must suffice. The
title is good, for the contents answer to it.
It is in the main another instalment of the
laus Japonic. This eulogy, not of Mukden,
is principally contained in " dreamy "
dialogues, enlivened by various stories
more or less ben trovati at least, with a
British duchess, who requires enlightenment
upon " things Japanese." We cannot say
that we find much that is new in the book,
and we do find some things that are difficult
of acceptance, such as the apologia for
suicide, and the defence of torture. Nor
has the author succeeded in persuading us
that the Japanese are a modest people; there
is [no expression in Japanese with any such
connotation. The duchess, we hope, was satis-
fied with the declaration that the people
generally move with the upper classes, and
all the upper classes in Japan are in favour
of Western modes of life and thought." There
is, in fact, in Japan no hearty acceptance
of Western civilization, which is felt to
be more or less necessary, but exceedingly
troublesome, as, in truth, it is, and long
must be to the Japanese people, although it
has given them a freedom of thought,
speech, and action unknown before in any
Oriental country.
The Romance of the Milky Way, and other
Studies and Stories. By Lafcadio Hearn.
(Same publishers.) — This posthumous book
is full of prettinesses, much of the character
and value of those admirably set forth in
English in the author's former works, by
far the best of which is the earliest — ' Glimpses
of Unfamiliar Japan.' Mr. Hearn'6 Japan
was largely an ideal or an idealized Dawnland
and all lovers of good literature will regret
the premature loss of the creator and de-
lineator of thut charming country. Hut
the ideal must otH !.»•• taken to bs the real
Japan ; though at not a tew points the
contact |g olOBS, tli-- picture an a whole is
not a true representation of the hahit of
life or thought of a people essentially j»ro
in character, irhose originality was cramped
and overlaid by . in the i agnail
century, and has not until now had any
real opportunity of displaying itenlf
The fir^t portion of the volume, dealing
with tin- Chine-e legend of tli- H'T'iiuiiii and
Webster stars and tle-ir one yearly passage
across the Kiver of Heaven (Milky Way),
on the seventh of tie- seventh month, to
meet in loving union, and the last chapter,
being a ' Letter from Japan ' on the Russo-
Japanese war as viewed from a Japanese
standpoint, are the most interesting, though
not a page is without its charm and beauty.
Owing to Mr. Hearn's want of familiarity
with the written language, he does not always
seize the exact point (always difficult to
seize) of the tanka (short lays) he translates.
Thus on p. 30 both are wrongly rendered.
The first should be — abbreviated — " 'Tis
that, starting to cross the River of Heaven,
my lord, whom I love, cometh. Shall I
undo my girdle 1 " The second may ba
rendered, " Oh, will not my lord indeed this
very night launch his boat on the rapids of
sunbright heaven and embark in it and coma
to me ? " not " everlasting Heaven," nor
" my lord will doubtless deign to come."
The word hisakata certainly does not
mean " long-hard " (everlasting) ; its more
probable signification is hisashikata, "quarter
whence the sun darts his rays," i.e. the east ;
and the particle ka implies not the absence
but the presence of a doubt, or rather in
this case, anxiety. She hopes, even trusts,
her lover will come, but in her eagerness
to see him is not free from doubt. It is
just these little touches — vague suggestions
rather than definite statements — that lend
to old Japanese poetry its singular, not
easily appreciated charm.
The ' Letter from Japan ' depicts the
attitude of the Japanese during the war
after a most grapluc and interesting fashion.
It is dated Tokyo, August 1st, 1904. At
the outset of the war the Mikado bade his
people not " to trouble themselves. . . .about
exterior events." The real meaning, of
course, was that they were not to interfere
with the Government — by criticism or
otherwise. Mr. Hearn reads it as enjoining
an impassive attitude, and adds that the
order was obeyed to the letter. But he
shows that this was by no means the
case, though, indeed, the Japanese ex-
pression of emotion was not altogether a
Western mode. They had extra newspaper
issues — an epigram is quoted which we
retranslate : " With every ' extra ' of foes
and friends the widows multiply " — runners
ringing bells, photographers overwhelmed
with work, and so forth. The flower-displays
wTere arranged so as to symbolize or exlubit
war scenes ; coloured lithographs of the most
sanguinary and startling character were issued
by the million, representing the Russians
as demons, and giving lurid exaggera-
tions of battles that never took place, in
order, according to Mr. Hearn, " to keep
up the public courage and be pleasing to
the gods." Almost every article that was
capable of ornamentation was decorated
with war subjects ; even cakes and^sweet-
ments, shop windows, lanterns, &c., pro-
claimed prodigious Japanese victories. Hair-
ornaments and women's dresses, such as
frocks, petticoats, cloak-linings, were thus
decorated with war pictures. Breast-pins
were headed with battleships ; towels had
imprinted on them in blue and white all
N° 4092, Maech 31, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
389
sorts of fantastic naval victories — one
showed a procession of fish before a surgeon's
office, waiting to be relieved of bayonets,
swords, &c, that had stuck in their throats.
Silk wrappings similarly pictured were
issued by the great house of Mitsui ; even
baby-dresses were covered with sea-fights,
land-fights, explosions, and the like — a
medley of " blood and fire, tints of morning
haze and evening glow, noon-blue and
starred night - purple, sea - grey and field -
green. ' '
,#> The Russians were, of course, unmercifully
aricatured; they were generously treated,
but not on paper. One caricature we have
seen represented Makaroff in the cold hell of
Buddhism, where a number of demons pre-
sented clubs to him before proceeding to
•torment the fallen foe ; above was a picture
of a Buddhist priest leading to paradise a
gallant Japanese officer, stepping from lotus
leaf to lotus leaf across a wide watery
expanse.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
The Letters of Ricliard Ford. Edited by
Rowland E. Prothero, M.V.O. With Por-
traits and Illustrations. (John Murray.) —
It is difficult to realize that the minute
knowledge of Spain shown in Ford's delight-
ful ' Handbook ' was acquired in rather less
than three years. He reached Seville in
November, 1830, and returned to England
in September, 1833. Between these dates
he had ransacked the libraries of Seville and
Madrid, shot over the Coto del Rey, driven
through Don Quixote's country, succeeded
Washington Irving as tenant at the Alham-
bra, and ridden over the length and breadth
of the Peninsula. His letters, addressed
mostly to Addington, then British Minister
at Madrid, convey in piquant language his
first impressions of "an original Peculiar
People, potted for six centuries." To Ford,
full of misgivings with respect to the Reform
agitation in England, Spain seemed " the
only place to be quiet in," and he had barely
settled in Seville when he began to express
his views on the political situation. " Every-
thing appears to me to be in a state of pro-
found repose, all dead and still," he writes
to Addington with the confident assurance
of a new-comer. It was an unlucky diagnosis,
for within a month Torrijos headed the first
attempt at a rising in Andalusia, and during
the rest of Ford's stay the country was in a
constant turmoil. However, it would be
unfair to dwell on Ford's lack of political
insight ; lie disarms criticism by his frank
confession that he neither likes nor under-
stands politics. His description of social
life and customs in Seville is more interesting
end characteristic : —
" They have condescended to quit their braneros
and call on my wife, partly to see the strange
monster they conceive her to be, and partly to
thow their luces, white gloves, and trinkets. They
call about 2 o'clock, dressed out for a hall, with
fans, and all their wardrobe on their hack ; visits
interminable Then we return the visits, my
Wife in mantilla and white gloves, according to
iUetU;. What a contrast between these fine
ladiea at home and abroad .' No Cinderella changes
more rapidly. There they are, squatting over
their bnuK.ro, unwashed, undressed, cold and
ering, and uncomfortable, wrapt up in a shawl
in their great barnlike, unfurnished houses; a
matted rush and a few chairs the inventory of
their chattels."
This passage of pungent caricature is
amusing to English readers, but Spaniards
have always resented Ford's humorous
extravagances, and are not likely to appre-
ciate his references to " those brutes the
natives," or to the Spanish doctors who
recommended " asses' milk, having a con-
genial feeling for that animal." There is
something comic in Ford's surprise and
dismay on learning that Addington dis-
approved of similar sallies in the first (sup-
pressed) edition of the ' Handbook ' ; he
had commented no less freely on the English
officers from Gibraltar, and, being himself
tolerably indifferent to criticism, could
never be made to understand that the
victims of his sarcasm were less case-har-
dened. Still, he really liked all Spaniards
— with the exception of the Catalans — and
he knew and understood them as few
foreigners have ever done. He always
writes of Spain with a fine, contagious
gaiety, and in these familiar, confidential
letters he recounts his adventures with an
added note of picaresque glee.
Mr. Prothero's connecting narrative is
skilful and clear, but he follows the ' Hand-
book ' too closely when he says that Alva
retired to Abadia with his secretary Lope
de Vega. This clearly refers to the famous
soldier who died in 1583 ; it was not till
1590 that Lope de Vega entered the house-
hold of Alva's grandson, the fifth duke.
Calomarde's reply to the Infanta Carlota
when she boxed his ears — " White hands,
madam, can never dishonour " — needs ex-
planation. So far from proving that he
was " utterly cowed " (p. 98), the phrase
shows that he kept his wits about him suffi-
ciently to give his retort a polite literary
flavour : ' Manos blancas no ofenden ' is
the title of a well-known play by Calderon.
Mr. Prothero accepts the usual version of
Torrijos's capture by Gonzalez Moreno
(pp. 72-3) ; the truth seems to be that the
local smugglers supplied Torrijos with false
information as to the number of his partisans
in the neighbourhood of Malaga, betrayed
him to the authorities, secured the concen-
tration of all available forces at the spot
where the insurgent general had arranged
to disembark, and were thus enabled to
land their cargoes further down the coast
without any interference. The affair was
long talked of as the biggest smuggling
coup ever made.
Ford's statement that he could never spell
either his own or any other language may
possibly account for some eccentric Spanish
forms in the text of his letters : sa (pp. 38
and 39), majorat (pp. 35, 45, and 49), ocharo
(p. 42), major duomo (pp. 47 and 140), pezeta
(p. 50), and confianse (p. 95). These and
other obvious slips should be corrected if
the book is reprinted.
The Miracles of Our Lady. By Evelyn
Underbill. (Heinemann.) — In these pages
Miss Underbill attempts, with much
success, to reintroduce to English readers
a cycle of old sacred tales in which their
ancestors took much delight. The Mary-
legends, or ' Miracles of Our Lady,' form
a group of religious romances, the con-
necting link being that the Virgin Mary
supplies in each of them the supernatural
element. Their number is surprisingly large;
the Bollandist hagiographers record upwards
of four hundred examples, many of which
are, however, variants of the same theme.
Miss Underhill has made a good selection,
with much diligence, of some of the happiest
and quaintest of what she terms " the fairy-
tales of mediaeval Catholicism." It is
obvious that the compiler is not of the Roman
obedience ; nevertheless there is not an
offensively Protestant phrase in the intro-
duction, or elsewhere in those charmingly
printed and pleasantly written pages.
The incidents selected vary in elm
racter from the crudely sensational to the
depths of mystical devotion ; and they
extend in time from the fourth to the Hftwnth
century. Some of them have a distinctly
Oriental flavour, whilst others are as evidently
Northern European in their origin. Each
story, as paraphrased by the author, has
a sweetness and charm of its own, no matter
what the theme, except the one entitled
' Gaude Maria,' which in these days
might well have been omitted. It tells
of the supposed stealthy murder of a
little chorister boy by wicked Jews ; but
his split skull was patched up by the Blessed
Virgin. The tale thus ends : " And the
townsfolk did take many Jews because of it,
and some were burned and some baptized."
No period during the British connexion
with India has produced more distinguished
soldiers and administrators than that which
followed the first Sikh war in 1846, and the
annexation of the Punjab on March 30th,
1849. The demand for officers was no
doubt great, for the provinces ruled by the
Sikhs were extensive and their inhabitants
were turbulent republicans ; but the supply
was met from every Presidency where
suitable men could be found. The nucleus
naturally consisted of the Governor-General's
Agent and his assistants, who carried on
current work ; but new men had to be found
and trained, their selection to a great extent
being in the Agent's hands. Thus Sir
Henry '* Lawrence, who succeeded Major
Broadfoot as Agent, had as assistants,
among others, Vans Agnew of the Civil
Service, killed at Multan ; Lake of the
Engineers, and Cust of the Civil Service.
Their numbers were augmented as time
passed, and the names of Herbert Edwardes,
Joe Lumsden, John Nicholson, Neville
Chamberlain, and Hodson attest the quality
of those chosen. Many other names might
be added, and among them, well worthy of
a place, is that of Henry Daly, whose story
is told by his son, Major H. Daly, in Memoirs
of General Sir Henry Dermot Daly, G.C.B.,
CLE. (John Murray). Daly began his
military career as a Bombay officer, and
early in life was fortunate in securing the
goodwill of Sir Charles Napier. At the siege
of Multan he met Robert Napier, after-
wards Lord Napier of Magdala ; and again his
intelligence and courage made a favourable
impression. He was present at the battle
of Gujrat, and gives an interesting descrip-
tion of the laying down of their arms by
the Sikhs ; soon after (May, 1849) he was
nominated to raise and command the 1st
Cavalry Regiment of the Punjab Irregular
Force. Thus began Lis connexion with that
body ; it was continued by the command of
the Guides, whose march to Delhi and conduct
during the siege are justly renowned ; and
it ended at the close of the campaign. His
later service was in Central India, where
he became Agent to the Governor-General.
The story is told largely by selections
from Daly's diaries, connecting links being
supplied by the author, whose work is on
the whole well done. There is great interest
in these selections, for they contain the
views of a clear-headed man on many scenes
and actors. Some of the strictures passed
and judgments recorded aro severe and
not entirely correct ; indeed, some of them
were modified as Daly became better
acquainted with the persons concerned ;
yet all are of interest, and have, as the
author explains, been allowed to stand as
examples of the feeding of the hour. There
are several slips or misprints : p. 49, the
chief engineer was Cheape, not Cheyne;
p. 85, fobt-note, Walker's initials were .1. T. ;
p. 166, line '-'. transposition of letters is
required ; p. 169, last fine but one, " Stake "
for "Strike"; p. 273. and index. Gierke
for Clerk. Some of these slips may bo trans-
390
THE ATIIENjEUM
N°4092, March 31, 1906
criptioni from diaries, bui they night have i
I . . n com ■t.il.
Appendix < « ontaina « lex hire on the
I 'nt i |m1> Frontier Force, (riven bj Bii BL I>nl\
al thr RoytJ (Jnited Service Institution.
The illustrations, too, deserve mention;
among the best arc two <>) Lucknow, BhopsJ
from the old Fort, ami Bathing Ghats,
I'jiain ; the artist's name might with ndvan-
tsge iia\ e been mentioned.
MM. l'l.llN-XlH'UHU A (IK. publish a IHW
book by one of the Bfargoentte brothers,
bo often sssociated in joint work. In Les
Pa$ but h Sable — of which the secondary
title is the same a^ that of Renan'a still
more beautiful volume, ' Souvenirs d'Enfanoe'
— M. Paul Margueritte relates in touching
fashion the life oi his father, the great cavalry
general, and of his grandparents, while he
himself was a child in Algeria. The grand-
tat her was a peasant from Lorraine, who
joined the military constabulary in France,
mid was transferred to that of Algeria in the
< arly days of the French conquest. When
the elder Margueritte became a .sergeant,
his son, the future general, tried to enlist, but
was rejected as too young. He was, how-
t \ if, taken as an interpreter into the coloured
constabulary, from which he went as a
volunteer to the Chasseurs d'Afrique, rising
in a month to be a corporal, and in two months
to be a sergeant like his father. In a very
few years he had become a captain, and one
of the desert centres, known as " Cercles,"
W8S handed over to his administration. His
wife came from a similar family of colonial
adventurers ; and the whole story is one of
careers almost as amazing as those of the
Republic and First Empire. At the age of
thirty-seven the peasant ranker had become
a lieutenant -colonel, exercising over a large
territory " the authority of a pro-consul."
Mexico offered him the field in which he
rose to higher station, and the famous charge
of Sedan the death which of all others
Margueritte would have chosen. The three
generations of his family are comparable
with those of almost any race, and the style
in which the grandson has described his
father and his grandparents is peculiarly
fitting. In one place the author ascribes
to Gulliver rather than to "Robinson"
astonishment at seeing the imprint of a
naked foot upon the sand ; but the mistake
is so natural that many a reader will pass
it over.
A Memoir of Jane Austen, by her nephew
J. E. Austen Leigh, who included 'Lady
Susan,' and fragments of two other un-
finished tales by Miss Austen, has long been
eagerly read as the only trustworthy record
of her. Now Messrs. Macmillan have
added it to their delightful " Eversley
Series," and a multitude of readers will get
welcome glimpses of a favourite author.
Her short life, so far as it is known, pleas-
ingly corroborates one's expectations.
The same firm have just published a neat
edition in one volume of The Inaoldsby
Legends with twenty illustrations by Cruik-
shank, Leech, and Barham.
Messrs. Methuen send us seven new
volumes of their " Standard Library,"' a series
which at its best is wonderful for its value
and cheapness. Most of the introductions
are models of what such things should be,
e.g., Mr. Lang's on Hums'* Poems, Canon
Bigg's on Law's famous book A Serious Call
to a Devout and Holy Life, and Mr. Ernest
Barkor's on Sydenham and Taylor's trans-
lation of Plato's Republic, as revised by
I )i . W. H. D. Rouse. A ' Bibliography of
some English Books on Plato and " The
Republic " ' is added, and Mr. Barker gives
some idea of Plato's life and work, of the
scheme of the ' Republic ' and its use as a
oommenl on education today. Thk i- just
what the reader, we irneghtr wants; be
does not want a combative disoussion of
somebody else'fl views 0D the author, oi
( lever things which presuppose acquaintance
with the subject. Mr. Lucas introduces
Cranford with happi cue, and we fully
endorse the high place he givi-- to that
delightful id\ II. We are glad to have a
translation ot The Little Flower* of St. Francis
from the accomplished pen of Mr. William
Heywood, but we do not care for Mr. Langton
Douglas's introduction, which talks about
" intellectual snobbism," and " the pose and
manner of the clever undergraduate." We
should prefer a little more history and judg-
ment concerning the subject to this scolding.
Mr. Sidney Lee's note on Southey's Life of
Nelson is brief, but adequate. The same
may be said of his introduction to More's
Utopia and Poems. The latter are quaint
and will be new to many. It is clear that
More was not born a poet, but he hits on
some of the strangely effective phrase which
was the gift of his time.
Mr. J. R. Tutin, of Hull, has published
in The Orinda Booklets (Extra Series) poems
in the orthography of the original editions
by Katherine Philips, Robert Heath, Henry
Reynolds, and Thomas Flatman. It is a
spirited attempt to revive the lesser names
of the seventeenth century which deserves
success, as the little paper books are decidedly
cheap. He has sent us also the first four
numbers of his series of Pembroke Booklets
in large paper. The edition is limited and
attractive in form, being neatly boimd and
devoid of those abbreviated margins often
associated with reprints. We have here
verse little known even to the professional
student of English, and much of it choice.
Sidney, Suckling, Breton, and Traherne
have their longueurs, but they contain
beauties well worth looking for.
Crockford's Clerical Directory for 1906
(Horace Cox) is now out, and wins our
warm admiration. We regret, however,
to find that the introductory matter after
the Preface is interspersed with advertise-
ments. The Preface itself is interesting as
usual, and a valuable comment on vexed
questions of the day, though it includes
some evidently biassed matter. The direc-
tories which form the main portion of
the volume are simply wonderful for their
wealth of detail and accuracy. We have
thoroughly tested several cases without
finding any flaw. The editor is to be con-
gratulated on work which must have entailed
the greatest care and patience. ' Crockford '
has 2,170 pages, and the strong, distinct
type in which each clergyman's name is
printed makes it easy to find at once.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Theology.
Braise (R. M. de 1.0, st. Mmy the Virgin, 3/
dale (F. H), the Story of Protestantism, »;,'
Inge(W. H.), studios of English Mystics, 6/ net.
.toll iii the Revised Version, edited by s. It. Driver, 8/0 net.
Haven (J. H.), Old Testament Introduction, General and
Special, 6 nit.
Sinclair (Ven. W. M.), I'nto You Young Women ; Unto You
Young .Men, t/t net each.
Soul's Wayfaring (A), by Z., B 8
.stevenson'(M.), 'I'he Spiritual Teaching of Longfellow, 8/6
Van Dyke (HA Manhood, Faith, and Courage, 5/
Wagner (C), Courage, l/net.
Wntkiiisoii (W. L.), The Ashes of Pom, and other Bible
Studies, :i/6
Westminster Lectures : The Witness of the Gospels ; The
Existence of God, <*'. each.
Wolseley-Lewis (M.i, The sevenfold (lifts, 2/6 net.
Laic.
Law List, 1000, 12mo, 10/C net.
Leage(R. W.), Roman Private Law, 10/ net.
Newman (.1. 0. 1L), Note- on .Military Law, 2/6 net.
I'ndrrhill (A i. Principlei of the l.tw of Partnership,
■ i Kdil Ion.
W ill; hi |i \ I •• ■•■ on the L>*
Purcbjuer of BeaJ Estate I vols., 4 ; VoL II
Finr Art and A rrfurology.
c.itheiii..). .,f bnjtod .. ml w.i.-. Part L. 7* ml
< .r.M. - (A.X B* my of ArU: Vol. \ J. ».•«-,, e u>
v..
ii i B i 'I lie Cult of t|„. Beavenl] Twins. 6/
HUtoii I) Introduction l.j K. McClellan,
illustrated bj s. B. Steel, 4: mi.
Hi* king (W. j. i i • dm, Tofceaa, Medals,
ii..- nd Sealn in the Museum of the Koyal Mint,
Vol. L, 1"
Isberwood (<;.), Monumental Bbmmi in the Bedfordi-hire-
Clilll. i,. -.
Modern ttocne: . Booh of British Domestic Architect
for Mod.- mes. Teat by W. EL Bidlake,
edited by W. BL spa.
Mother (It), Pranelaeo de Goya, ) I
Philliluore (W. P. \V. ), The I.iw and Practice of (.r..i
Arm-, ..nd Begistration of Pedigrees, l/net.
Bembraadt : s Memorial, Part II., E I Mt
singer (11. W.), Daate Gabriel B onset ti, l ft net.
Poetry and Iframa.
Carman (15.), The Poetry of Life, 8 int.
Cent Metlleurs Poemes (Lyriqnes), Second Edition, Set net.
Duraiiil (sir K.), Cyrus' tin- Great King : an Historical
Btunriiirr. 10 B net,
Fan-hawe (R.), Corydon : an Klegy in Memory of Matthew
Arnold and Oxford, 4/6 net.
Gay (.».), The Beggar's Opera, Edited hy G. H. McLeod,
7 ii net.
Granville (('.), Broken Light-.
Hidden (K. M), Argeliioiie, '."/. net.
[ngoldsby Legends, illustrated, 7/6
Lounsbery (G. c.). Lore's Testament : a sonnet, :i o net.
Mac Cathnihai.il («.), The Rushlight, To net.
Muses' library : Chatterton's Poetical Works, 2 vols. ; Lyra
Germanica, translated by C. Winkworth ; Arthur Hugh
Clough, with a Memoir by F. T. Palgrave; Poem- by
Jean Ingelow, 1/ net each,
Subbarao (R. V.), Othello I'nveiled, 20/ net.
Winchester (L), Song and other Verse.
Sfvgic.
Church Times, Vol. I. No. 2.
Bibliography.
Blumhanlt (J. T.), Catalogue of the Marathi, Gujarati,
Bengali, Assamese, Oriya, Pushtu, and Sindhi Mss. in
the British Museum, 20/
Ferguson (J.), Bibliotheca Chemiea : Catalogue of the-
Collection of James Young, I rola
Political Economy.
Churchill (W. S.)F For Free Trade, 1/ net.
ETtMery mid Biography.
Atlav (J. B.), The Victorian Chancellors, Vol. L, 14' net.
Battle of Mukden. 6/ net.
Bridges (J. A.), Reminiscences of a Country Politician,
8/6 net.
Calendar of Patent Rolls in the Public Record Office,
Henrv III., A.n. 1232-47.
Dexter (H. M. and M.), The England and Holland of the
Pilgrims, 15/ net.
Downev (E.), Charles Lever, his Life in his Letters, 2 vols.,
21 'net.
Gilliat-Smith (E.), The Story of Brussels, 4/6 net.
Holland (H. Scott), Personal Studi
Home Life with Herbert Spencer, by Tw.
Hume (M.), The Great Lord Burghley, 12/6
Johnstone (H. M.), A History of Tactics, If.' net.
Lamiimton (Lord), In the Days of the Dandies, S/6 net.
Leigh (J. E. Austen), A Memoir of .lane Au-len, 4/ net.
LublxH-k (P.) Elizabeth Barrett Browning in her Letter-,
7 B net.
Mann (Rev. H. K.), The Lives of the Popes in the Early
Middle Ages. 12/ net. "
Meehan (J. F.), More Famous House- of Bath and District,
Second Series, 12 '6 net.
Ottlev (Brevet-Major W. J.), With Mounted Infantry in
Tibet, 10/6 net.
Plutarch's Lives, translated by A. Stewart and G. Long,.
Vol. I., 2/ net.
Roll of Honour for Women, 1006, .". net.
Taine(H. A.), History of English Literature, translated bj-
H. Van Linn, 4 vols., each 2/ net.
Geography and Travel.
Aubin (E.), Morocco of To-day, 6/ net.
Boncant (sir J. P.), Letters to my Boys, 6/
Crooke (W.), Things Indian, 12/ net.
Sports aiul PmtHmtB,
Harrington (C. G.), Seventy Years' Fishing. 10/6 net.
Brookes (L. E), The Motorists ABC, .'.,' net.
DaIe(T. F.). The Fox, 5/
Essentials of Sound Bridge, by E. O. F., 1,' net.
Ruffs Guide to the Turf, 1908, 7 I
Education.
McMurrytC A.). Special Method in Primary Reading and
Oral" Work, with Stories, I ii net.
Tebbatt (•'. IL), The Education Imbroglio, 1/ net.
Philology.
Arssu (D. C. II. Y.), Technological Pictionary, English,
Spanish, German, and French, lo.'cnet.
1 lover (P.) and Speranski (N.). Russian Reader, adapted by
' s. N. Harper, 13 B
Kellum (M. IV), The I^ingimge of the Northumbrian C.lo—
to the Gospel of St. Luke.
New Engli-h Dictionary, Matter— Muwwlty, by H. Bnnlley,
School Books.
English Historians, with an Introduction by A. J. Grant,
Fielder (H. O and Sandbach (F. E.\ A First German
Course for Science Students, 2 t> net.
Herodotus IV., Melpomene, edited by E. 8. Shuckburgh, 4/
Jack's Language Series : French by the Direct Method—
Grammaire Francafse en FkaaeaJs, lOrf. ; Part IV,,
Livre d'Exercices, 2/
N° 4092, March 31, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
391
Stewart (E. W.) and Briggs (W.), Elementary Science, 2/
Tompkins (A. E.), Heat and Steam (Elementary), 1/6 net.
Watt (A. ft) and Hayes (B. J.), Matriculation Construing
Book, 2/
Science.
Bell (L), Electric Power Transmission, 17/ «<*■., ..
Bose (J. C), Plant Response as a Means of Physiological
Investigation, 21/ , . , .
Fairman (J F.), Standard Telephone U mng, 4/8 net.
Fauna of British India: Rhynchota, Vol. III., by W. U
Institution of Gas Engineers' Transactions, 1905, 10/0 net.
Kid.ler (F. E.), Building Construction and Superintendence :
Part 3, Trussed Roofs and Roof Trusses, Section I., 15/
National Physical Laboratory, Report for 1905.
Poole (C. P.), The Wiring Handbook, 4/6 net.
Punca (F.), Single-Phase Commutator Motors, 4/6 net.
St. Bartholomew's Hospital Reports edited by A. E.
Garrod and W. MeAdam Eceles, Vol. XLL
Science in Public Affairs, edited by the Rev. J. E. Hand,
Snow (W B.), Currents of High Potential : of High and
other Frequencies, 12/6 net. _
White (Rev. G.), The Natural History of Selborne, re-
arranged by C. Mosley, 6/ net.
Wood(R. W.), Physical Optics, 15/ net.
General Literature.
Anstey (F.), The Brass Bottle, Fourth Impression, 3/6
Bedwell (C. E. A.), The Increase of the Episcopate, 2/6 net.
Bell (L.), Carolina Lee.
Benson (E. F.), The Angel of Pain, 6/
Booklover's Magazine, Vol. VI. Part II., 3/6 net.
Bradshaw (A. S.), Ashes tell No Tales, 6d.
Buckrose (J. E.), The Wood End, 6/
Burgin(G. B.), The Only World, 6/
■Campbell (F.), Dearlove, 6/
Charlton (S.), Lamia, 3/6
Creed (Mrs.), Children of the Sun, 6/
Essays irom the Spectator, collected by \\ . A. L. Bettany,
1/6 net. . _ . t> /-. t
Freeman (W. M.) and Abbott (J. C), The A B C of
Parliamentary Procedure.
•Grey (C), A Manse Rose, 3/6
Handbook of Instruction in Craft Masonry, 4/ net.
Horsfall (T. C), National Service and the Welfare of the
Community, 1/ net.
Jones (C. E.), A Matter of Temperament, 6/
Lady of the Decoration (The), 6/
Marrvat (D.), Ashes of Power, 6/
Parr (O. K.), Pearl, 3/6 net. . . ..
Rowntree (J.) and Sherwell (A.), The Taxation of the
Liquor Trade, VoL I. _ .
Royal Society of St. George, Annual Report and Year-Book,
1905.
Schloesser (H. H.), The Fallen Temple, 2/6 net.
Trollope (A), The Small House at Allmgton, 2 vols.,
1/6 net each. , ,
Vaughan (J.), The Wild Flowers of Selborne, and other
Papers, 5/ net.
Wallace (H.), Hasty Fruit, 6/
FOREIGN.
Theology.
Bonet-Maury (G.), L'Islamisme et le Christianisme en
Afrique, 3fr. 50.
Fine Art and Archceology.
Mourey (G.), Albert Besnard, 25fr.
Sarzec (E. de), Decouvertes en Chalde'e, Part V. Section I.,
L'Ofr.
Strzygowski (J.), Die Miniaturen des serbischen Psalters
der Staatsbibliothek in Miinchen, 42m.
Poetry and the Drama.
Friiberg (Dr. T.), Beitrage zur Geschichte und Charak-
tenstik des tleutschen Sonetts, 4in.
Lemaitre (.1.), Bertrade, 3fr. 50.
Mercier (L.), Le Poeme de la Maison, 3fr. 50.
Philosophy.
Jankelevitch (S.), Nature et Societe, 2fr. 50.
History and Biography.
Bonnal (General H.), La Manteuvre de Saint • Privat,
VoL II., 12fr.
Cappelli (A.), Cronologift e Calendario Perpetuo, 61. 50.
■GaulotO'.), L7 Expedition <lu Mexi(|iie, 1861-7, 7fr. 50,
Inama(V.), Antichita Creche Pubbliche, Sacre, e Private,
21. 50. . . „
Meister (A.), Gnmdriss der GeschichtswiBsenacnaf t :
deutsche Geschichte des Mittelalters, Vol. I. Part I.,
6m.
Sorel {('<■), Le Systeme Historique de Renan : Part III.
Renan Histories du Christianisme, 3fr.
Tchernoff(L), Le Parti Republicain au Coup d'Etat et sous
le Second Empire, 8fr.
Geography and Travel.
Delahaye (J.), Lcs Assassins et les Vengeurs de Mores, 4fr.
Trois Mois au KouangSi, 3fr. 50.
Philology.
Boyer {P.) Bt Speranski (N.), Manuel pour l'Etude de la
UUlgne Kunse, 10fr.
1 •l.icinirt (K. de), Dictionnaire de la Langue de Mada-
gascar, 12fr.
1.. I ra (\.), Lei Livres sacres tin Canibodge, Part I.,
7fr. 50.
Veltin (C.), Praktische Nuaheli-Grammatik nebst Wiirter-
verzeichnis, zweite Auflage, 4in.
Science,
Pesce (G. L.), La Navigation sous-marine, lOfr.
Urnerol Literature.
Blum(L), En Lisant, Reflexions critiques, 3fr. 50.
Del (P), Politique intt-rieure et etrangm-, :!fr. 50.
Lnd-Ctaabrier, Mangwa, Sfr. B0.
Provins(M.X Du l)(;sir an Fruit Difendii, 3fr. 50.
Thar.iutl (J. et J.), Dingley, l'lllustre Eirivain, 3fr.
Willy, Suzette veut me lather ! 3fr. v>.
.'All Book* recriivd at the Office up to Wrdnemlay
Morning will be inrhnlnt in this List unless previously
'. Publishers are requested to state vrice-s when
tending Books.
NOTES FROM CAMBRIDGE.
The Lent term passed as other Lent terms
pass : it was long, it was cold, it was wet,
and we were all glad when it was over. We-
have for the most part forgotten that it
began with a most unusual thing— a con-
tested Parliamentary election. The dis-
appearance of Sir John Gorst from the House
of Commons as University representative
does not make much difference to Cambridge.
His abilities were admired here, and his
independence was respected ; some thought
he had had hard treatment from his party
and others voted for him because they were
more in sympathy with his views than with
those of his opponents. In Dr. S. H.
Butcher we have almost the alter ego ot bir
Richard Jebb, whilst Mr. Rawimson s
career at the bar seems as bright as Sir
John Gorst's was in his early days. The
election was in itself a lame affair, enlivened
by an attempt to get the Prime Minister s
vote disallowed ; and by the Master of
St. John's spirited defence of Sir John
Gorst, which reminded one of earlier days,
when every Johnian felt bound to vote in
the interests of his college. .
The election to the Greek Professorslnp
was popular. There were five prelections, by
Dr. Henry Jackson, Prof. Ridgeway, Dr
Headlam, Dr. Verrall, and Dr. Adam : will
the field be as good when Greek is relegated
to an educational back seat ? It is remark-
able, however, that, sound as all the can-
didates are as scholars, they primarily
represented philosophy, archaeology, litera-
ture, and criticism. Not one of the candi-
dates but would have been a worthy and
valuable occupant of the chair and a gam
to classical studies. The long service and
immense popularity of Dr. Jackson ulti-
mately told in his favour. Whether Ins
philosophic "heresies," as he himself de-
scribes them, will become the orthodoxy
of the future, time alone can show ; but he
has unquestionably been a great influence
in Cambridge, and is respected and liked
even by his opponents, being too strenuous
a character not to make opposition. He
was third Classic in the year Jebb was
senior ; but there is a wider gap between
the late professor and his successor than
that singularly modest and capable scholar,
the Rev. C. E. Graves, of St. John's, who
parted them in the Tripos, can fill.
The Mastership of Corpus Christi has
been vacated and filled up this term. In
Dr. Perowne a fast-vanishing type, that of
the polished Evangelical divine, was exem-
plified. Suave and courteous, scholarly and
hospitable, he calmly refused to acknowledge
that he lived in a changing world. E vur si
muove, and his college had ceased in a measure
to attract many undergraduates.
The choice of the Fellows has fallen upon
one of their number, and in Col. Robert
Townley Caldwell they have secured a
Master who is likely to make the college
go up in numbers. " The gallant and
learned the Master "—for this we presume
will be his official designation when a
member of his college occupies the Uni-
versity pulpit — is one of the most versatile
of men. He has commanded a militia
regiment in Scotland, travelled far and wide,
lectured in mathematics, spoken in divers
tongues ; he knows every one, and every-
body likes him. As P.G.M.Camb. no mystery
is hidden from him. His sister Mrs. Colvin
Hutchinson will make the most charming of
hostesses at Corpus Lodge. In a word, all
Cambridge is pleased at. his election, in-
cluding the undergraduates of his college,
who held an informal election and voted
him Master with unanimity.
The Bishop of Ely has not left Queen's
Lodge, but must do so soon, and nobody has an
idea on whom the choice of the society will
fall. Unfortunately, the poverty of the
college necessitates that a man of means
should occupy its delightful Lodge, or they
would not have far to seek. Even then then-
troubles might not wholly cease, as another
Prime Minister might dangle a mitre and
catch a third successive Resident of Queens'.
So bos locutus est ; the much non-placeted
Studies Syndicate has submitted another
plan, and there are wicked men who say
that its voice was not exactly bovine on
this occasion. Six members abstained from
signing the report who can scarcely be de-
scribed as University Conservatives. Tho
Masters of Caius and Emmanuel and the
Tutors of Clare and Emmanuel, Mr. Bateson
of St. John's, and Mr. Hardy, one of the
most rising pure mathematicians in Trinity,
have abstained from approving the report.
The majority are supported by Dr.
Butcher (whose acquaintance with the
University he now worthily represents in
Parliament is scarcely recent enough to
enable him to judge of the practical bearing
of a question like the present) and the Bishop
of Ely. The rest are the regular official
Liberals, who find it hard to believe that
the Senate will dare to refuse their mess a
second time if the flavouring is slightly
altered.
The report itself may be described as
insidious and verbose. It promises to deal
with the question of the Previous Examina-
tion at a future time and make suggestions
for a new general examination. The policy
is to be one of divagation. Two new degrees
— virtually a B.Litt, for those who know
Greek and a B.Illitt, for those who do not—
are to be created, and those who do not
wish to see Greek retained as compulsory
for men who do not take science are bidden
to wait, as " there is a good time coming."
A dark hint is thrown out that at some future
time the Syndicate may make compulsory
attendance at college and university lectures
part of the curriculum for a " poll " degree.
Whether the college authorities will appre-
ciate this is questionable, and it would be
going back upon an almost fundamental
principle of Cambridge life, that the examina-
tion, and not the preparation, is the test for
a degree.
Centenaries are too numerous to attract
much attention, but that of Pitt, which was
duly celebrated at Pembroke, is worthy of
mention. The guests were presented with
copies of the famous letter of Chatham to
the Master entering his distinguished son
at the college, and were privileged to hear
a remarkable extemporary oration from the
venerable Master of Trinity, who in a forty
minutes' speech showed such a fund of
knowledge that, like Lord Clive on a famous
occasion, he must have marvelled at his
own moderation in saying so little. One
of the popular fictions in which we are
ever prone to indulge is that tho really great
men who have been at such and such a
college have been produced by it. As a
rule, chance has brought them to the Uni-
versity, and its influence has been but
small over their development. But this
can hardly be said of Pembroke, at which
Pitt stayed for a considerable time, and
where his talents were fostered anddeveloped.
The pride the college has in its great son is
in tin- case perfectly legitimate.
The science which in our youth was made
tho handmaid of theology used to teach that
every creature served some useful and
beneficent purpose, or it would never have
been called into existence. There is a body
in Cambridge which cannot bo said now to
392
Til E ATIIKN'jEUM
XM002, Mak(h :;l, 1906
:'i\r liny aaeful purpose, and 000 Is driven
to sii|)|misi< tlml any edvantHL' it |m,>. .mmI
belong to i> forgotten past. It is called the
(am Conservancy, ami to be ■ Ooueervetor
is to rise to the highest honour the Universitj
can bestow. Ripe experience, age, and ■
college headship an- mere preliminary steps
to this greet dignity, and. having attained
it, a man may well sine; "' Nunc dmnttis " —
and remain. There is believed to have been
atime when the banks of the Cam resounded
with the tread of horses and the pt'ot'amt \ of
the bargemen, as the merchandise ot the
Kast was brought into the town up the
sluggish river. Tolls poured in apaee; and
town and gOWn looked with gratitude to
the Conservators as the guardians of their
well-being. Now, however, save two steam
bargee from Lynn, there is no traffic by river
to Cambridge, and the Conservators' occupa-
tion is gone. Their scanty funds go to pay
salaries and wages to officials whose duties
are, to say the least, indeterminate. In tho
meantime the river is rapidly silting up,
despite the fact that a fine dredger lies idle
at Waterbeach.
The pages of The Cambridge Review have
been enlivened by a dispute between Mr.
Wilfrid Blunt and Prof. Ridgeway, whose
book on the ' Horse ' had been somewhat
rudely handled in The Nineteenth Century
by the first-named gentleman. The Pro-
fessor answered the critique of his theories
in The Cambridge Review, and Mr. Blunt
retorted in an open letter. His answer pro-
voked a scathing reply, and there the matter
rests. Cambridge enjoys the spectacle of a
professor who fears neither to enunciate
principles nor to maintain them — of whom
it may be said, in the words of the French
burlesque, "Cet animal est tres mechant :
quand on l'attaque, il se defend." J.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BRITISH*
ACADEMY, 1903-4.
The handsome volume which contains the
first Proceedings of the British Academy will
be read with interest, not unmixed with
curiosity, by many who are versed in the
several branches of learning which the
Academy has taken under its protection.
It was perhaps inevitable that this first
number should contain an official narrative
of the circumstances which led to the founda-
tion of the Academy, and a ' Brief Account '
of the same is duly prefixed to these Pro-
ceedings. From this we learn that " the
representatives of the chief European and
American Academies," assembled at Wies-
baden in 1899, whilst apparently satisfied
with the status of the Royal Society
as the representative of British science,
were desirous of associating only with an
institution " competent " to represent his-
torical, philosophical, and philological studies
as pursued in the United Kingdom, and
"urgently demanded" that "immediate
efforts should be made to secure tho due
corporate representation of these branches
of study " in this country. From this
sentence of the learned inquisitors of Bel-
grade, Bucharest, and Caraccas it would
seem that there was no appeal. Accord-
ingly the chief British culprits, though them-
selves already actual or potential Fellows
of several very " competent " corporations
representing the studies in question, has-
tened to complj' with this imperious demand
by " resolving " at a special meeting of their
own number to form a new society " on con-
ditions which will satisfy " the foreign
academies. These deliberations led to the
incorporation of the British Academy of
Learning in 1902.
Hut apart from these revelations of the
occasional littleness of great munis, which
we regret to find recorded in this jH-rmanent
form, there COUld scarcely have been two
opinions as to the desirability or usefuh
of the joint representation of the stud& •
referred to, m the interests of native scholar-
ship alone. If the further purpose of facili-
tating the exchange of ideas and promoting
international co-operation in learned under-
takings could be attained by this simple
expedient, the plan would appear all the
more praiseworthy. We might even be
tempted to regret that tho ideal of the pro-
moters of the new society could not In-
realized by the creation of an Imperial
Academy of Sciences. This, however, would
have entailed a sacrifice of prestige on the
part of tho Royal Society which that ancient
corporation could scarcely have been ex-
pected to make. It is not quite* clear
whether the existing learned societies con-
nected with these " literary sciences/' were
directly consulted ; but in any case they
seem to have shown very little interest in
the subject. This is certainly a matter for
regret. Indeed, it was pointed out at the
time in a Quarterly Review article that " one
of the most obvious and certainly the most
English way of organizing the learned
societies of London would be that each
should appoint certain delegates, who should
meet in order to establish a central bureau."
The writer, however, reluctantly concluded
that this procedure would be impracticable,
and the mere suggestion of the alternative
seems to have been promptly rejected at
the preliminary meeting of the promoters
of a British Academy. And thus, at the
cost of some unnecessary friction and
mystification, the Academy has been fairly
launched on its career.
In his eloquent and inspiriting address its
first President vindicates the inception of
the Academy and expounds its policy.
Without implying any reflection on the
activity of existing societies, the peculiar
function of the Academy, we are told, will be
to give individual workers " the solidarity
which they need." This means, we find,
the encouragement and organization of
research, notoriously neglected in this
countryr by the Government, and fitfully
pursued by learned bodies and individual
scholars. The several spheres of literary7
se'ence in which the influence of the Academy
will be felt are then enumerated. There
can be little doubt that such an influential
body covdd do real service in the formation
of public opinion on scientific lines. It does
not, however, appear, from this address,
that the proposals which the Academy is
prepared to make amount, as yet, to more
than a very gracious and intelligent appre-
ciation of the modern research which may
come within the view of its several sections.
Thus, under the head of Philology, we
read that Dr. Murray and his assistants
have " relieved us of the serious task, well
worthy of the energies of a British Academy,"
&c. ; that Prof. Joseph Wright is engaged
on a stupendous collection of folk-speech
which, it is hoped, will " find an honoured
place among the publications of the Aca-
demy " j that " tho work of editing English
texts should be encouraged by us " ; and
that " we should supplement and aid the
excellent work of the Early English Text
Society." Again, we learn that it will be
the duty of tho Academy to " take its full
share in tho work of Celtic research." In
Oriontal studies
''noons is satisfied with tho present condition of
things It will be our duty to -see that justice is
done," &c.
Again: —
"111' International AiutoeLatiou of Academic*
termined to ] *>i 1 >I t f*h mi Kneyclopwdi* of
\ We moot hut regret that the
foundation el our Academy, after tli«-M- |ir"i*»tal»
' u» to claim
the 11
Under the head of History the programme
of tho Academy is vague and indefinite.
ThiB is, perhaps, to be regretted, inasmuch
as the requirements of historical stody
planed in the forefront of the movement for
the incorporation of the Academy, although
t In- prominj at • is in curious contrast to tho
very inadequate representation of Kngiiah
historical study in the published li^t of
Academicians.
Economic and legal studies, we are in-
formed, " will receive " from the associated
Academies " the precise facts which they
require." In the "domain of Law " our
own Academy " will be able to co-ordinate
individual efforts " to compare the legal
enactments of one hundred English-speaking
legislatures, a task which naturally " tran-
scends the power of any individual." The
"scientific treatment of law," which " haa
been too long neglected," will next be taken
in hand, and " it will be our privilege to
give encouragement to those who are
striving to place " this study on a proper
footing. We are not told precisely by what
means these undoubtedly desirable results
wUl be brought about. We are reminded,
it is true, that " when the State desires to
obtain information, the Academy will be able-
to collect such information or to indicate
the channels through which it should be
obtained." It is, however, at least equally
possible that the State will prefer to rely
upon its own official advisers in these matters,
and also in those relating to the question,
" What form of expenditure will lead to
efficiency of research ? " in the rather impro-
bable event of such expenditure being
sanctioned. We trust that the President
of the British Academy is on surer ground
when he naively suggests that this body
may " also stimulate private benefactors
and " protect them against indiscreet at-
tempts to divert their benevolence to other
objects."
In the concluding paragraphs of the Presi-
dential Address we are very properly re-
minded of tho necessity of recognizing " the
intellectual activity of the various parts of
the Empire." This is, indeed, a matter
worthy of the closest attention, and, although
no reference to tho subject appears in these
Proceedings, it is to bo hoped that the
influence of the Academy will be exerted
to induce the Governments of the Australian
and South African colonies to reconsider
their determination to discontinue the very
valuable researches which have been carried
on by colonial historiographers during the
last twenty years, especially as the usefulness-
of this work will be much enhanced in con-
nexion with the new Chair of Colonial
History at Oxford.
The very important and extensive pro-
gramme announced in the Presidential
Address delivered at the close of the first
session of the Academy in 1903 must not
be too closely compared with the perform-
ances recorded in the Report made to the
Fellows a year later. The explanation of
this apparent inactivity is to be found in
the fact that the past session "has called
forth our energies and tested our strength
to a degree that might have caused anxiety "
to an older institution. The allusion is to
" the duties which fell upon the Academy "
in connexion with the visit to London, irk
the summer of 1904, of the International
Association of Academies, which, " had not
the Academy been called intojexistence.
N°4092, March 31, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
393
would have fared as a stranger in a strange
land, with none to show it hospitality and
no congenial welcome." For, although the
Academy has no local habitation of its
own, nor any visible means of dispensing
hospitality, and although the foreign Acade-
micians were ostensibly entertained by the
University of London, the Royal Society,
and other learned bodies, it would apparently
have been contrary to foreign etiquette to
have accepted this promiscuous hospitality
without the intervention of an academic
master of the ceremonies. But, however
gratifying the social success which the
Academy achieved on this memorable
occasion, we must infer that it was gained
at the expense of the active prosecution of
many of its literary projects. Thus we
read in thus Report for 1904 that "it is to
be hoped that the Academy will be able to
do its duty in promoting some of the great
international enterprises in which the Empire
is eminently interested." Moreover, there
is a note of warning in the exhortation that
the Academy may be " more fully equipped
than we are now to meet our responsibilities."
But, as we have pointed out before, consider-
able allowance has evidently to be made for
the social distractions and administrative
difficulties that are perhaps to be regarded
as infantile complaints to which this " young-
est of the Academies " was inevitably sub-
ject. A similar excuse might be, and has
been, made for any shortcomings in respect
of the " Papers and Publications " of the
Academy. Six papers, it would seem, were
read during the year 1903, and nine more
in 1904 ; but of these four of the most im-
portant are represented only by brief
summaries. Of the rest, though all are
scholarly and some are also suggestive, not
more than two or three can claim to be
regarded as permanent records of research ;
whilst the excellent biographies of deceased
Fellows do not, of course, possess an ex-
clusive value. Of the " Publications " of
the Academy we have no further indication
in the present volume of Proceedings ; but
as such " Publications " in the case of the
foreign Academies are both voluminous and
valuable, we may hope for a welcome addi-
tion to our textual literature from a British
source.
It is wholly in the interests of the
Academy itself that we have ventured
to 5 point out that the jarring note of
un-English subservience to the petty spirit
of official etiquetto has been sounded with
painful iteration in these pages ; whilst
the official pronouncements, with their com-
placent egoism, though harmless and doubt-
less agreeable as articles of domestic con-
sumption, should have been severely edited
for general publication. No learned body
of recent standing can subsist for long on
the credit of confident predictions and lavish
professions which are not verified or accom-
plished in due season. And we would
venture to add, with all respect, that no
such body can hold together in this country,
l>ereft of State aid, without a published
balance-sheet of its public and privato
expenses.
HIE SPRING PUBLISHING SEASON.
MKSSKS. MAC.MIU.W
include- in their spring list — In Anthropology,
Belles-Lettres, Ac: The Tods*, by Dr. W. H. R.
Rirern, with illustrations,— Lord Canon in India,
election of speeches delivered during his vice-
royalty,— Evelyn's Diary, 3 vols., edited hy Austin
Dobson, with portraits, views, maps, and fao
similes; also an edition de luxe on hand - made
piper in the "Eversley Series,"— Caldemn's I'lavs,
translated hy Edward Fit /.Gerald, — anil (Meat
Bowlers and Fielders: their Methods at a Glance,
by G. W. Beldam and C. B. Fry, with very many
illustrations.
Biography, History, and Travel : Walter Pater,
by A. O. "Benson ("English Men of Letters'"),
— The Life of Gladstone, by John Motley,
Popular Edition, Vol. I., — A History of the
British Army, by the Hon. J. W. Fortescue,
Vol. IV. (1793-1801), 2 parts, — Highways and
Byways in Dorset, by Sir F. Treves, illustrated by
J. Pennell,— A History of the English Church,
edited by Dean Stephens and the Rev. W. Hunt :
Vol. VII. The Eighteenth Century, by Canon
Overton and the Rev. F. Relton, — The Life and
Experiences of Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe, D.C.L.,
LL.D., F.R.S., written by himself, with portraits
and other illustrations, — History of English
Prosody from the Twelfth Century to the Present
Day, by Prof. Saintsbury : Vol. I. From the
Origins to Spenser, — and Memorials of Edward
Burne- Jones, by G. B. J., 2 vols., a second edition.
In Poetry : The Door of Humility, by Alfred
Austin, — and Tennyson's Complete Works, 5 vols.,
pocket edition on India paper.
In Fiction : Elizabeth and her German Garden,
a new edition, with coloured illustrations by
S. H. Vedder, — Lever's Lord Kilgobbin, and
Tom Burke of Ours, illustrated by Phiz, — The
Wrong Envelope, and other Stories, by Mrs.
Molesworth, — and Lady Baltimore, by Owen
Wister.
In Economics and Politics : The Standard of
Life and other Reprinted Essays, by Mrs. B.
Bosanquet, — The Coal Question, by Y^ . Stanley
Jevons, edited by A. W. Flux, third edition,
revised, ■ — -Interest and Saving, by E. C. K.
Conner, — Betting and Gambling : a National
Evil, by B. S. Rowntree, a cheap edition, — The
Taxation of the Liquor Trade, by J. Rowntree
and A. Sherwell : Vol. I. Public-Houses, Hotels,
Res-taurants, Theatres, Railway Bars, Clubs, —
new editions of The Return to Protection, by
William Smart, and An Introduction to the
Theory of Value, by the same, — and the States-
man's Year-Book for 1906, edited by J. S. Keltie,
with the assistance of I. P. A. Renwick.
In Theology and Philosophy : An Enquiry into
the Evidential Value of Prophecy, by the Rev.
E. A. Edghill,— Idola Theatri, by Henry Sturt,—
and Christian Thought on Present-Day Questions,
by W. A. Whitworth.
In Natural History, Science, and Education :
Cambridge Natural History, Vol. I. : Protozoa, by
Marcus Hartog ; Sponges, by W. J. Sollas ; Jelly-
Fish, Sea-Anemones, &c, by S. J. Hickson ; and
Star-Fish, Sea-Urchins, &c, by E. W. MacBride,
— British Inland Birds, by Anthony Collett, witli
coloured illustrations, — Appendicitis: its Pathology
and Surgery, by C. B. Lockwood, a second edition,
— A System of ( lynajcology, by many writers,
edited by Prof. T. C. Allbutt, Dr. W. S. Playfair,
and Dr. \Y. Eden, a second edition, — Stonehengo,
and other British Stone Monuments Astrono-
mically Considered, by Sir Norman Lockyer, —
Electrical Engineering in Theory and Practice, by
G. D. A. Parr, with many illustrations, — A
Manual of Geometry, by W. D. Eggar, — and
Lessons in Science, by Prof. R. A. Gregory and
A. T. Simmons.
MKSSRS. METHTJEN
announce in History and Biography: The Guilds
of Florence, by E. Staley, — The Makers of Japan,
by J. Morris, — Marie Antoinette, by H. Belloc,
M.P., — Beauties of the Seventeenth Century, by A.
Fca, — On the Spanish Main, by J. Masefield,— Sir
Walter Scott, by G. Le G. Norgate, — Letters from
Samoa, by Mrs. M. I. Stevenson, arranged hy
M. C. Balfour, — Edinburgh, by M. G. Williamson,
illustrated by H. Railton, — Lincoln, by E. M.
Sympson, illustrated by E. H. New, — Bristol, by
A. Harvey, illustrated by E. H. New, — Fenelon,
by Viscount St. Cyrcs, — -The Tragedy of South
Africa, by A. M. 8. Methuen, — and a History of
British Colonial Policy, by H. E. Egcrton, a new
edition.
In Fine Art and Archaeology : European Enamels,
by H. Cunynghame, C. B. , — Seals, by J. H. Bloom,
— The Manor and Manorial Keeords, by N. J.
Hone, — The Pageant of London, by R. Davey,
2vol8., illustrated liy J. Fulleylovo, — A Glossary
of Terms used in English Architecture, by T. D.
Atkinson, — Christian Art, by Mrs. If. .Tenner, —
and The English Spy, with coloured plates hy
Cruikshank, 1 vols.
In Theology and Philosophy; Development and
Divine Purpose, by V. F. Storr, — Religion in?
Evolution, by F. B. Jevons, — A Little Book of
Religion, by J. A. Cross, — and Introduction to the
Devout Life, by St. Francis de Sales, translated by
T. Barns.
In Geography and Travel : Lhasa and i ts Mysteries,
by L. A. Waddell,— The Rhine, by S. Baring-
Gould, illustrated, — The Land of Pardons, by A.
Le Braz, translated by F. M. Gostling, with fifty
illustrations, — The Lake of Como, by R. Bagot.—
and in the "Little Guides": Northamptonshire,,
by Wakeling Dry ; The East Riding of Yorkshire,
by J. E. Morris ; and Oxfordshire, by F. G
Brabant ; St. Paul's Cathedral, by G. Clinch ; and
Kerry, by Capt. C. P. Crane, all illustrated.
Belles-Lettres and General : Dante in English-
Literature, by P. Toynbee, — Spain and the
Spaniards, by E. Hutton, with many illustrations,.
—The Poems of Wordsworth, edited by Nowell C.
Smith, 4 vols., — A Day Book of Keats, arranged
by E. de Selincourt, — Words of the Ancient Wise,
from Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius, arranged by
W. H. D. Rouse, — Thoughts for the Day, arranged
by R. M. Smith,— To-day, by J. C. Wright,—
Counsels of Life, edited by the Hon. E. F.
Matheson, — Troilus and Cressida, edited by K.
Deighton, — Twelfth Night, edited by M. Luce, — >
Antony and Cleopatra, edited by R. H. Case, —
Commerce in War, by L. A. Atherley Jones, K.C.,
M.P., and H. H. L. Bellot,— The Making of an'
Orator, by J. O'Connor Power, — Petrol Peter, by
A. Williams, illustrated in colour by A. W. Mills,.
— The Coal Industry, by E. Ames, — The Iron Trade,
by J. S. Jeans, — and The Doings of Arthur, as
jotted by the Westminster Gazette Office Boy.
Sports and Pastimes : The Complete Rugby
Footballer, by D. Gallaher, with many illustra-
tions,— The Complete Cricketer, by A. E. Knight,
and The Motor Year-Book for 190G, edited by
H. M. Buist, illustrated.
Garden Books : A Book of English Gardens, by
K. Wyatt and M. R. Gloag, — A Concise Handbook
of Shrubs, by Mrs. G. Lewis, — A Handbook of
Climbers, Twiners, and Wall Shrubs, by H. P.
FitzGerald, — and Pictorial Gardening, by G. F.
Millin ; all illustrated.
Educational Books : Manual Training Drawing
(Woodwork), by F. Sturck, with many plates and
diagrams, — A Key to Beard's Junior General In-
formation Papers, — Elementary Organic Chemistry,,
by A. E. Dunstan, — A Primer of Religion, by
Canon Oldfield, — A Junior Magnetism and Elec-
tricity, by W. T. Clough, illustrated, — A New
Trigonometry for Beginners, by R. F. D'Arcy, — ■
Examples in Physics, by C. E. Jackson, — A New
Junior Arithmetic, by H. B. Smith, — The Gospel'
according to St. Luke, edited by W. Williamson,.
— A School History of Warwickshire, by B. C. A.
Windle, — A School History of Somerset, by W.
Raymond, — and Small Lessons on Great Truths,,
by A. K. Parkes.
In Fiction : Lady Betty across the Water, by
C. N. and A. M. Williamson, — The Ragged1.
Messenger, and Fabulous Fancies, by W. B.
Maxwell, new editions, — Blanche Esmead, by Mrs.
Fuller Maitland, — Loaves and Fishes, by B. Capes,.
— The Shadow of the Lord, by Mrs. Hugh Fraser,
— Durham's Farm, by C. C. Yeldham, — The
Coming of the Randolphs, by A. Sergeant, — several
new and popular volumes in "The Strand Novels,"
— The Wild- Duck Shooter, The (Jreat Massacre,
and Henri of Navarre, by Dumas, — and additions
to " The Novelist."
litoanj ffinsstp.
Mr. Unwin will publish before long a-
volume entitled ' Old German Love Songs,'
by Mr. F. C. Nicholson. In this work an
attempt, has, for the first time, been made-
to present English readers with a fairly
largo and typical selection from the
German Minnesingers of the twelfth,
thirteenth, and fourteenth centuries. The
English versions, while preserving the form
of the originals, aim, so far as is possible,
at faithfulness of rendering ; and as up-
wards of fifty poets are repmsented, it is-
.394
THE ATHENJEUM
NM092, Mahch31, 1906
hoped that the work may enable readers
in this count iv to form some idea both of
the matter and the manner of such poetry,
to judge of its scope, and follow the main
lines of its development. An introductory
essay discusses the history of the subject
in scholarly fashion.
BIbssbs. Smith, Elder & Co. are pub-
lish ing on April 10th ' A Summer Ride
through Western Tibet,' by Miss J. E.
Duncan. The work records the author's
experiences in remote valleys of Western
Tibet, including the inspection of ancient
Tibetan inscriptions now for the first
time photographed and interpreted. The
archaeology of Ladakh and Baltistan is
■only beginning to be made known to
European scholars, and there is a rich
field for exploration in these countries.
The volume contains numerous illustra-
tions and a map.
A collection of F. Anstey's humorous
stories and sketches, which have for the
most part appeared in Punch, will be
published by the same firm next Friday,
under the title ' Salted Almonds,' which
hints that the sketches are not provided
as articles of nourishment, but rather to
beguile the intervals between the courses
of a substantial banquet.
In The Scottish Historical Review for
April Prof. Firth presents with annota-
tions certain ' Ballads on the Bishops'
Wars, 1638-40.' Mr. Lang writes again,
with illustrations, on the portraits of Queen
Mary. Other contributions include re-
markable contemporary papal documents
in connexion with St. Andrews University
under James I. of Scotland ; a paper on
the original organization of the Darien
Company ; and a chapter of translation
by Sir Herbert Maxwell from the ' Scala-
cronica.' Mr. J. H. Round includes his
reply to Mr. J. H. Stevenson's book on
the Ruthven peerage.
Mrs. Herbert Bland, well known as
E. Nesbit," has written a serious novel
called ' The Incomplete Amorist,' which
is to appear next August.
Mr. Dobell has just issued proposals
to publish various unknown and inedited
works of the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries if a sufficient number of sub-
scribers can be secured. Amongst the
books announced is Traherne's prose
work ' Centuries of Meditation,' from
which Mr. Dobell, in his Introduction to
Traherne's ' Poetical Works,' made many
extracts of biographical interest. Tra-
herne's prose has the good qualities of his
verse, and is said to be free from the defects
sometimes apparent in the latter. Another
announcement is that of the ' Poetical
Works ' (never before collected) of William
Strode ( 1 602-44) . Mr. Dobell makes high
claims for this author, whom he ranks
with such poets as Carew, Cartwright,
Corbet, and Randolph. However this
may be, there is no doubt (as Mr. Sidney
Lee has pointed out in the ' Dictionary of
National Biography ') that there ought
to be a collected edition of Strode's works.
The book will include a reprint of Strode's
play called ' The Floating Island.'
Mr. Dobell also announces his inten-
tion to publish a series of volumes under
the title of ' Gleanings from Manuscripts,'
which will comprise poems and dramas
of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
which have never yet been printed. These
" Gleanings " will include works by many
writers as yet unknown to fame, and also
poems by well-known authors which have
not yet been collected or edited. Other
works are announced by Mr. Dobell, but
for these we must refer our readers to his
prospectus.
' Out of Due Time,' Mrs. Wilfrid Ward's
new novel, which will be published next
week by Messrs. Longman, deals with the
reconciliation of the theology of the Roman
Church with the results of the positive
sciences.
An essay on ' The Nature of Truth,' by
Mr. H. H. Joachim, is announced by the
Oxford University Press. An examina-
tion is made of certain typical notions of
truth, and Mr. Joachim affirms that
every one of these fails to maintain itself
against critical investigation.
Messrs. MacLehose, of Glasgow, will
publish almost immediately, in their
" Library of Travels," Engelbert Kaemp-
fer's ' History of Japan,' of which no
complete reprint has been issued since
its first appearance in 1727. The volume
will be followed, in the same series, by
' The Totall Discourse of the Rare Adven-
tures and Painefull Peregrinations ' of
William Lithgow, one of the first of
Scottish travellers to leave a record of
extended wanderings. His book had
reached a dozen editions eighty years ago.
' Flowers of France,' an anthology
of the poetry of the Romantic period
(Hugo to Leconte de Lisle), rendered into
isometrical English verse by Mr. John
Payne, is the title of the new issue of the
Villon Society. The book is now in the
press, and will comprise some three
hundred poems (in all 14,000 lines) by
forty poets of the period. The two
volumes in question, although forming
an independent work, are the first section
of an exhaustive work on French poetry.
The second, dealing with the Renaissance
period of the sixteenth century (Marot
to Malherbe), is also complete' in MS.,
and will be issued in due course. Par-
ticulars can be obtained from Mr. Alfred
Forman, the lion, secretary of the Society.
The Selden Society reports a steady
increase of members. The volume for
this year will be the second volume of the
' Borough Customs,' edited by Miss Bate-
son, which is already well advanced.
Provisional arrangements have been made
for the following publications : in 1907
' Year-Books of Edward II.,' Vol. TV. ; in
1908 ' Select Proceedings in the Star
Chamber,' Vol. II. ; and in 1909 ' Year-
Books of Edward II.,' Vol. V.
Mr. Fisher Unwin has been appointed
sole wholesale agent for the small-scale
Ordnance and Geological Survey Maps.
In the development of this branch of his
business Mr. Unwin's new premises at
1, Adelphi Terrace, will be of assistance.
Thk Edinburgh committee have com-
pleted their arrangements for celebrating
the quatercentenary of George Buchanan.
The proceedings will begin on July 8th
with a service in the University Chapel,
to be followed by a meeting at which
orations will be delivered and degrees
conferred.
Mr. Werner" Laurie is publishing
' Life in the Law,' by the late George
Witt, K.C., whose sudden death in a
London omnibus was recently reported.
He was a general favourite, and this
volume of his reminiscences during the
last forty years is likely to be popular.
There is some prospect of a memorial
to Carlyle being erected in Edinburgh at
an early date. So far, nothing definite
has been decided, though a replica of
Boehm's statue is suggested, as well as a
medallion or brass in St. Giles's Cathedral.
Meanwhile, subscriptions are being re-
ceived by Mr. James Marchbank, 45,
York Place, Edinburgh, the honorary
secretary to the committee appointed for
the purpose indicated in the year of
Carlyle' s centenary.
Various aspects of the eighteenth
century, especially the period 1714-89,
are to be dealt with at the summer meeting
of University Extension students at
Cambridge. The meeting will be divided
into two parts, from 2nd to 15th, and
15th to 28th August. The arrangements
include an inaugural lecture by the
American Ambassador, and the full pro-
gramme will be ready early in May.
At the London Sociological Society's
meeting on Wednesday next, at the
Compositors' Hall, St. Bride Street, Mr.
Robb Lawson will contribute a paper on
' The Drama as a Sociological Factor.'
At the yearly meeting of the German
Shakespeare Society on April 23rd, at
Weimar, Prof. G. B. Churchill, of Amherst
College, U.S., who is a Doctor of Berlin,
will deliver the " Festvortrag " on ' Shake-
speare in America.' In the evening
' Richard III.' will be performed, and
next day Massinger's ' Duke of Milan.'
There will be a literary exhibit in the
Bohemian Section of the Austrian Exhibi-
tion due this year at Earl's Court, of
interest to English students of the four-
teenth to the seventeenth centuries.
Some of the precious records of these
periods are to be brought from Prague :
MSS. of Wiclif and Hus, and t'hekcicky
and Stitny, and interesting documents
relating to the " Queen of Hearts," Eliza-
beth of England, and her son Rupert.
There will also be exhibited etchings and
engravings illustrating this period, and a
collection of Hollar's work. Copies of
the famous buildings and castles in the
towns of Prague, Prachatic, Tabor, Carl-
stein, Pilson, Kuttenberg, &c, are to be
erected, and these will be peopled by
peasants in their national costume, giving
this section an especial interest to English
travellers and students.
Mr. E. H. Whinfield writes : —
" Your reviewer, in his notice of Arch-
bishop Temple published in your last week's
issue, has thought fit to describe Dr. Goul-
N°4092, March 31, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
395
burn, Temple's predecessor at Rugby, as
' placid, pompous, cassocked, with affected,
tinkling, monosyllabic utterance.' Having
been at Rugby throughout the greater part
of Dr. Goulburn's head-mastership, permit
me to say that this description of him seems
to me to be absurdly incorrect. So far from
being pompous, he was most courteous, and
there was not a spark of affectation in his
manner or conversation. He was not an
ideal head master, but a kindlier or better
man never lived. Your reviewer has pro-
bably been misled by traditions inspired by
party feeling. It is time that ancient
hatchet was buried."
A ' Bibliography of James Russell
Lowell,' compiled by Mr. George Willis
Cooke, will be published this spring by
Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. The
same publishers have also in the press a
' Bibliography of the Writings of Henry
James,' which is compiled by Mr. Le Roy
Phillips.
A correspondent writes : —
" Last week's obituary included the name
of the Rev. Thomas Child, minister of the
Palace Gardens Terrace Church (' Sweden-
borgians '), Kensington. His powerful
criticism of Prof. Haeckel, published last
year, entitled ' Root Principles in Rational
and Spiritual Things,' would possibly have
taken higher rank in the literature of its
subject, had it not appeared solely as a huge
sixpenny pamphlet."
The new president of the French
Societe des Gens de Lettres is M. Victor
Margueritte, the younger of the talented
sons of General Margueritte. The literary
partnership of the brothers Paul and
Victor has become as famous to-day as
was that of Edmond and Jules de Gon-
court. M. Victor Margueritte should
make an ideal president.
At the monthly meeting of the Board
of the Booksellers' Provident Institution,
held on Thursday week last, Mr. C. J.
Longman in the chair, the sum of 1031.
was voted for the relief of fifty-seven
members and widows of members ; four
new members were elected, and six appli-
cations for membership were received.
An extra grant of 5/. was made towards
the funeral expenses of a deceased member.
Directors to serve on the different com-
mittees for the next twelve months were
also elected.
M. Sextius Michel, who died a few
days ago in his eighty-first year, was not
only the oldest of Paris mayors (he had
been maire of the fifteenth Arrondisse-
ment since 1871), but was also, with Paul
Arene, one of the founders of the Felibrige
de Paris, of which he was the president.
His discourses at the annual meetings at
Sceaux have been collected into a volume
with the title of ' La Petite Patrie,' and
his poems have been similarly collected
under the title of ' Le Long du Rhone et
de la Mer.'
The death, in his sixty-first year, is
announced from Berlin of the distinguished
writer Eduard Griesebach. His poems
1 Dei- neue Tannhiiuser ' and ' Tannhiiuser
in Rome ' were exceedingly popular, the
first having passed through over twenty
editions. He also published valuable
editions of Schopenhauer's complete works,
of Kleist, Hoffmann, and other popular
writers.
We note the publication of the following
Parliamentary Papers : Report of the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England,
with Appendix (6d.) ; Report of the Royal
University of Ireland, for 1905 (l%d.) ;
Scotch Education Department, Return
showing the Expenditure from the Grant
for Public Education in Scotland, 1905,
a List of Day Schools aided, with Statistics
(91<7.) ; and a Report on the Manuscripts
of J. B. Fortescue, Esq., preserved at
Dropmore, Vol. V. (2s. 4d.).
SCIENCE
New Creations in Plant Life : an Autho-
ritative Account of the Life and Work
of Luther Burbank. By W. S. Harwood.
(New York, the Macmillan Company.)
Of late years the word " creation " has
been made use of by milliners and dress-
makers to denote the products of their
art. It is certain that raisers of new
plants have not arrogated to themselves
the role of creator, though, in a sense, they
may be said to have some justification
for so doing. Those familiar with the
history of the tuberous begonia, for
instance, will recognize that John Laing
and his followers have not merely produced
a modification of an old type, but have
developed a new one, so different from
the original parents as to constitute, in
the opinion of some botanists, not a new
variety or a new species, but an absolutely
new genus. This was done before the
world heard of Mr. Burbank as a " wizard."
This attribute is, indeed, formally repu-
diated in Mr. Harwood's account of Mr.
Burbank's procedures, but the fulsome
eulogy of the man and his work, as set
forth in this book, will surely tend to
derogate from the merit that is really due
to him. Mr. Burbank has done apparently
on a very large scale what many had done
before him, and what many of our great
seedsmen are doing every day. So far as
we have yet seen in this country, Mr.
Burbank has not surpassed the late
Thomas Rivers as a producer of new and
improved varieties of fruit ; his roses are
not equal, so far as our knowledge goes,
to those " created " by the Pauls or the
Dicksons ; his Amaryllis must be fine
indeed to excel those which Messrs. Ker of
Liverpool and Messrs. Veitch of Chelsea
are in the habit of showing us. We
mention these instances with no idea of
belittling the merits of the American
plant-breeder, but simply with a view of
suggesting to his biographer the desir-
ability, in a future edition, of cultivating
a sense of proportion, and of recognizing
the merits of the Knights, the Herberts,
the Vilmorins, and other distinguished
" plant-breeders " who preceded Mr. Bur-
bank, to say nothing of those still among
us.
It is more interesting to turn to the
views held by the great American nursery-
man on some of the questions which are
agitating the botanical world at the I
present time. His varied experience
makes his opinion valuable, even although
he has not, so far as we are aware, pub-
lished any records that are available for
scientific purposes. According to the
writer of the present volume, there isjio
such thing as prepotency of male or female
parent as such ; " there is absolutely no
balance in favour of either sex as sex."
Of like significance is the statement made
in this volume with regard to Mendelism :
" Over and over again, through a series
of many years, dealing with millions of
plants and upon a scale which dwarfs all
other experimentation, Mr. Burbank has
disproved these laws .... Instead of follow-
ing any set proportion or ratio, the parental
characteristics appeared in the children with
absolutely no regard for law or even order,
while many new characters were developed.
Thousands of different forms were assumed
by the leaves, for example, absolutely
unlike the forms of the parent leaves " ;
and so with the nuts of the walnut.
With reference to the transmission of
acquired characters, denied by ," some
observers, Mr. Burbank " has established
the opposite," and shown " that acquired
characters are the only ones that are
transmitted."
De Vries's theory of " mutation," or
sudden change, " appears to have been
overthrown by Mr. Burbank," who has,,
we are told,
" times without number produced these
strange mutations at will .... The supreme
function of Nature is the crossing of species,
and with this the working of a vital principle
eternally recording Heredity, that sum of
all past environments."
We have said enough to show the
interest that attaches to this volume^
Had it contained more documentary
evidence set forth with scientific method,
it would have commended itself to
naturalists in a higher degree than it is-
likely to do at present.
Wildfowl, by L. H. De Visme Shaw, with
chapters by other contributors (Longmans),
is a useful addition to the " Fur, Feather,
and Fin Series " of monographs on English
game. It treats of ducks and geese, begin-
ning with notes on their natural history,
continuing with advice on the various modes
of capture, and concluding with remarks
on their cookery — all reasonably judicious
and not calling for special notice. There
is an interesting chapter on shooting on
continental waters by Mr. W. H. Pope,
who discusses the question whether tho
numbers of migratory fowl visiting our
shores have or have not decreased, and
arrives at the conclusion that, so far, there
has not been much change. In the Nether-
lands the takings of tho decoys have de-
creased chiefly because of reclamation of
land from marsh and sea : —
"Of such the Harlemmcr Moor is an instance
where in one fell swoop 100, (HX) acres of swamp*
lake, and recd-l>cds were converted into eorndand-
Rumour lias it that a scheme lias also been pro-
pounded for the reclamation of the Zuidcr Zee-
which, if carried out, must have far-reaching con-
sequences on bird-life in the Netherlands."
Possibly such works might tend to increase
the numbers of fowl which winter in the
United Kingdom.
Mr. Shaw warmly defends tho goose, wild
or domestic, from the charge of stupidity —
396
THE ATHEN^UM
N°4092, Mahch 31, 1906
a charge, we may say, never brouglit by
those who have any intimate acquaintance
with the breed.
"Afl a matter of fact the bird is by far the moat
sensible of tin- birds we keep as domestic poultry,
and lias more intelligence than the vast majority
of other birds I have most intimate friends
among tame geese — birds who know my voice and
will answer at any distance, who will fly scream-
ing towards me the moment I appear in sight, who
will crowd jealously round me to have their heads
patted and their necks stroked, who take the most
mischievous delight in trying to untie my boot-
laces, rifle my pockets, pull off my buttons, and so
on, and who will let no one else come within yards
of them."
This is doubtless accurate ; it recalls a
vague recollection of the Orkney Islands.
On a quiet Sunday morning a farmer in
best attire set forth for church, took his
seat, and service began. Unperceived, his
faithful goose had followed, and presently
appeared at the door and waddled down
the aisle in search of her master, enlivening
the solemnity of the proceedings. Worse
still, the minister, who had seen the cause,
leant over his desk and said to the precentor
— uncertain of his tune and unaware of
the bird — something about " the awfu'
goose," which that functionary applied to
himself and bitterly resented, unconvinced
even by the sight of the unconcerned culprit.
There are some interesting notes on that
dangerous subject etymology. Thus the
Anglo-Saxon for " duck " was enid, and
" drake " is said to be derived from enid
rake, the ruling duck, and " decoy " from
"the Dutch eende, duck, and coy, cage.
Derivations are also suggested for " brent,"
" bernacle," &c, but all such matters must
be taken with caution. The book is very
free from misprints, but on p. 234 " the
Berwick swan " is no doubt intended for
Bewick's swan (C. bewicki). The illustra-
tions deserve notice. Those by Mr. A.
Thorburn, though unequal in merit, possess
■that artistic charm which he seldom fails
"to impart. Witness the sky in the plate
' Under the Brightening Dawn,' p. 200, and
"the handling and grouping of the fowl in
' The Welcome Thaw,' p. 246. Mr.
Whymper's drawings at pp. 84 and 150 are
also meritorious.
Symbolic Logic and its Applications. By
Hugh MacColl. (Longmans & Co.) — The
subject of symbolic logic is one which has
grown with astonishing rapidity during the
last twenty years ; and every year has
afforded fresh proofs of its importance both
for mathematics and philosophy. When
Mr. MacColl began his work on the subject,
very few people suspected the possibility of
such a development, and to have been among
them is a proof of insight. In the present
work he collects the more elementary parts
of the papers which he has published from
time to time in The Aihenozum and elsewhere,
and discusses the relation of symbolic logic
to the traditional logic inherited from the
schoolmen. This traditional logic is still
taught, though with well-merited contempt,
and is still supposed to constitute formal
logic. It is so pedantic that one can scarcely
believe it to be full of fallacies ; yet such is
the case, as Mr. MacColl shows in his eighth
chapter. Modern symbolic logic, though it
still contains some moot questions, is at
once far more rigorous and far more fruitful
than the old syllogistic verbiage ; and it is
an actual help to correct reasoning, which
the syllogism never succeeded in being.
Mr. MacColl's book, as he truly says, is
very much more intelligible than most
on the subject. It may be read by any
educated person without previous knowledge
of symbolic logic ; and although its views
tare on many points opposed to those of most
writers, its elementary character makes it a
good introduction for beginners.
Tho first and longer portion of the book
is concerned with symbolic logic proper and
with its relation to traditional logic ; the
second portion deals with the " calculus of
limits," in which, by means of his logical
calculus, Mr. MacColl solves problems in
probability and the integral calculus, some
of them very hard to deal with by ordinary
methods. In this portion a knowledge of
mathematics is sometime* essential ; but in
the first portion no such knowledge is assumed.
" There are two leading principles," he tells
us,
" which separate my symbolic system from all
others. The first is the principle that there is
nothing sacred or eternal about symbols; that all
symbolic conventions may be altered when con-
venience requires it, in order to adapt them to new
conditions, or to new classes of problems The
second principle is the principle that the com-
plete statement or proposition is the real unit of all
reasoning."
It is in the application of the second of
these principles that Mr. MacColl's chief
contribution to symbolic logic consists.
Most people begin with statements such as
" All men are mortal," and endeavour to
force all other statements into this form.
Thus they would transform " I hear Jones is
going to be married " into " All people who
are I are people who hear that Jones is going
to be married." They are led to such devices
by the fact that their logic, like the syllogism,
deals in the first instance with the questions
whether one class is part of another, whether
they have a common part, whether they lie
wholly outside one another, and so on.
Then this apparatus has to be applied some-
how to ordinary statements, which often
prove very refractory. But what we really
wish to know, as Mr. MacColl points out, is
when two statements, whatever form they
may happen to have, are so related that,
provided the first is true, the second must
be true also. When this is the case, we say
that the first implies the second ; it the first
is true, the second can then be inferred from
it. Thus symbolic logic ought to begin, as it
does in Mr. MacColl's work, with the study
of implication. All syllogisms, for example,
state that the premises imply the conclusion ;
thus we ought to study implication before
the special forms of the syllogism. Mr.
MacColl's second principle, therefore, is, in
our opinion, both true and important.
His first principle, that there is nothing
sacred or eternal about symbols, is of a
different order : it is a practical principle,
to be judged exclusively by convenience.
A change of notation is logically as unobjec-
tionable as a change from English to
French ; but a book which changes its
notation twenty times may be almost as
difficult to read as a book in twenty lan-
guages. The question is one which can be
argued either way, and the answer will vary
with one's purpose. The advantage of
altering one's notation, as Mr. MacColl does,
is that one can always employ the simpler
combinations, such as indices and suffixes,
for the things one is most frequently con-
cerned with at the moment. This makes
one's formulae short and neat, which is a
very important gain. In work like Mr.
MacColl's, where the purely mathematical
difficulties are not great, this gain may be
sufficient to justify his principle. But in
more technically complicated problems the
habit of associating a certain symbol or
combination of symbols with a certain idea
is such a help that most mathematicians
would be very unwilling to forgo it. It
might sometimes shorten an algebraical
formula to use ab for " a divided by 6," and
a,b for " o multiplied by 6." But we
should find it so difficult to adjust our minds
to this usage that we should gain nothing
by it. On the whole, we may conclude that
-Mr. MacColl's principle is applicable to a
number of short, more or less disconnected
investigations of special questions, but that
it is inapplicable to a systematic treatment
of a subject in which the mathematical
complication is considerable, and the same
ideas are constantly recurring.
There are some respects in which Mr.
MacColl appears too much dominated by
ordinary language. Sucli language is full
of ambiguities, which are cleared up by
considering the context and by using common
sense. But a logical language ought not to
demand common sense : whatever it says
ought to be entirely unambiguous. The
result of meaning only one thing (as may be
seen in legal documents) is that one seems
to mean nothing, and only an expert can dis-
cover that there is a meaning. Thus in
banishing common ambiguities we neces-
sarily make all our explicit statements very
complicated, because we include in them
everything which would otherwise be under-
stood. Mr. MacColl, on the contrary,
decides in favour of retaining many of the
ambiguities of ordinary speech, and insists
that his propositions are to be interpreted
by the help of the context. In this he would
seem to be departing from his principle
" that the complete statement or proposition
is the real unit of all reasoning." For a
statement which has to be interpreted by
the context is not " complete." For example
(to modify slightly an instance given by Mr.
MacColl), suppose we say, " Mrs. Brown was
not at home." The previous course of the
conversation presumably makes it clear at
what time she was not at home ; but this
time is part of the complete statement, and
ought to be explicitly included in a logical
analysis of the statement. H no time is
assigned, we can only suppose that what is
meant is " There has been a past moment at
which Mrs. Brown was not at home," or
" Throughout the whole of the past Mrs.
Brown has been not at home." But until
somehow the ambiguity as to the time has
been removed, either by assigning a date or
by saying that we mean merely that there
was some such date, the statement is not
complete ; and when it is complete, it
ceases to need any context for its interpre-
tation. Or take the following illustration :
" Given an isosceles triangle, what do you
infer about the angles at the base ? I infer
that they are equal." Here " I infer that
they are equal " is not a completely explicit
statement ; it is merely a verbal abbrevia-
tion for " I infer that the angles at the base
of an isosceles triangle are equal." In this
way, by following Mr. MacColl's principle
of always expressing the complete proposition
explicitly, we can dispense altogether with
reference to the context ; and this, though
more tedious, seems imperative in symbolic
logic for the avoidance of ambiguity.
Another respect in which Mr. MacColl
seems somewhat under the tyranny of lan-
guage is in regard to unrealities. For
example, he would say that " the present
King of France " is the name of an unreality,
and " the present King of Switzerland " is
the name of another unreality. Thus all
republics have kings, who only differ from
the kings of monarchies by being unreal.
It seems more natural to suppose that " the
present King of France " is not the name of
anything at all, and that there are no un-
realities, since what makes things unreal is
the fact that there are no such things. But
tliis is a difficult subject, which easily lends
itself to verbal juggling.
N°4092, March 31, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
397
Mr. MacColl's system lies somewhat apart
from those of most symbolic logicians, but
it certainly has some peculiar merits, and,
for aught that one can tell, it may hereafter
be found to have been more in the true line
of advance than its rivals. In any case, the
present volume is interesting and instructive,
and the points in which it is incontrovertible
are much more numerous than those in
which it is open to doubt.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL NOTES.
Some exceptionally interesting notes con-
cerning two of the tribes on or neai the
western shores of Lake Tanganyika have
been compiled from personal observation
by M. Charles Delhaise, of the Congolese
service. The tribes with which he deals
-are the Wabemba and Wahorohoro, and
there is one distinctive difference between
them, the former being cannibals and the
latter not. The writer makes the interesting
statement that the tribes dwelling on the
shores of the lake have never been cannibals,
whereas those of the interior, and especially
those between the Upper Congo and the
lakes, have always had proclivities towards
anthropophagy. The author considers the
social life of each tribe under separate heads,
such as birth, marriage, divorce, death,
funerals, the authority of the chief, war,
and the practice of tattooing. Many of the
details given are suitable only for the journal
of an anthropological society, but some are
of general interest. Among the Wabemba
a child is immediately after birth dedicated
to the fetish chosen by the mother, and takes
its name. When the father is first shown
the child, he examines it to see if it resembles
himself, and, if satisfied with the inspection,
hands it back to the mother, uttering the
word afoanti (thanks). All then is harmony.
If he is not satisfied, he returns the child
violently to the mother, utters an insult,
and leaves the hut. The result is family
discord, and probably the death of the child.
There is a very cruel custom. The super-
stition of the Wabemba? has decreed that
the child whose upper teeth appear before
the lower is unlucky, and the custom is to
•drown it at once or leave it in the woods at
night for the wild beasts to devour. The
mother is required herself to get rid thus of
her unlucky offspring. From ignorance or
"want of care the mortality among children
is "great, consequently the increase in the
tribe's numbers is slow.
Many of the funeral customs are strange.
Chiefs are buried, in the old Hun fashion,
in the bed of a stream temporarily dammed
for the purpose. Two of a chief's wives
and two of his personal attendants are
always buried alive with him. When the
water has again flowed over the grave, all
the slaves are marched past the spot, and
each receives as he passes a blow on the
nape of the neck from a heavy mallet. As
soon as one is killed this part of the function
ends. Those slaves who have been struck
are given their freedom, while the others
coming after the slain man, who have con-
sequently not been struck, remain slaves.
While M. Delhaise points out the absurdity
of many of the remedies for illness employed
by the mganga, or fetish doctors, he adds
that they arc also acquainted with some
useful medicinal plants, the knowledge of
which has been handed down from father
to son for many generations.
What has been written applies especially
to the Wabemba, but very similar customs
prevail among the less savage Wahorohoro.
The first child, however, takes the name,
according to sex, of one of its father's
parents, and the second that of its mother's.
The same superstition prevails about the
teeth, and the unfortunate cliild whose upper
teeth show first is exposed in the forest.
Should the mother try to shield the child,
she is driven from the village, and indeed
from all the villages of the tribe. A Wahoro-
horo chief is buried without the secrecy or
sacrifice of the Wabembas. The grave
must be dug perfectly straight from north
to south, and the chief's head must be placed
at the north. The legs are crossed, and a
kind of coffin is made out of the planks of
his canoe. Even when the most indulgent
view of the practices of these tribes is taken,
it is difficult to see in them aught but the
grossest superstition and an almost hopeless
state of ignorance. M. Delhaise points out
that the worst feature in the conditions under
which these tribes have been living is the
great mortality, especially among the
children.
A new quarterly, Anthropos, has appeared
at Salzburg. It is published under the
auspices of two Roman Catholic confra-
ternities, and is intended to utilize the vast
stores of ethnographical information col-
lected in various parts of the world by mis-
sionaries of the Roman Church. Contri-
butions may be in English, French, German,
Italian, Spanish, or Latin.
A NEGLECTED MAP OF LONDON.
153, Adelaide Road, N.W.
The very beautiful view-map of London
included in Braun and Hogenberg's ' Civi-
tates Orb is Terrarum,' published at Cologne
in 1572, is on so small a scale (about six
inches to the mile) that it is difficult of
examination, and probably on this account
has received less attention than it deserves.
Thus the late Mr. Overall, in the text to the
reproduction of the map doubtfully ascribed
to Ralph Agas or Aggas, dismissed Braun
and Hogenberg's map as being "upon too
small a scale to be of any practical utility."
One cannot but regret that the London
Topographical Society in reproducing it
did not greatly enlarge the scale, so as to
make the map more available for study.
Some account of this neglected map may be
interesting to your readers, especially as
it is possible to prove, within very narrow
limits, the date of the original from which
it was copied.
We come here at once to the first point in
the demonstration — that the map was copied
from an earlier and much larger map. It is
not to be supposed that Braun and Hogen-
berg caused to be surveyed all the cities
figured in their monumental work. They
did what would be done by a publisher at
the present day : they procvired the best
maps extant, and re-engraved them. In
fact, in their opening address to the reader
they express their obligations to those who
had furnished them with maps. As regards
maps of English towns, the original of one
of Braun's maps is discoverable. In 1559
William Cuningham, M.D., published " The
Cosmographical Glasse, Imprinted at London
by John Day dwellyng over Aldersgate,
beneath St. Martin's." On folio 8 Cuning-
ham says : " And finally for Choragraphie,
I have placed th' excollet Citie of Norwyche,
as the forme of it is, at this present 1558."
Braun's copy, the same size as the original,
is singularly exact, but there are misreadings
of some words, showing that the map was
re-engraved by a foreign artist not acquainted
with English. The same thing is noticeable
in Braun's map of London. Thus, Battlo
bridge in Southwark becomes " Battle
bralbe." The extraordinary minuteness of
Braun's map woidd of itself be almost con-
clusive that the original from which it was
copied was on a much larger scale. This
conclusion is fortified by closer examination.
On the extreme east of the map we find
" Whyt," evidently the first syllable of the
word " Whitechapel ": the rest of the word
has gone in the process of reduction of the
size. Again, on the west, the bend of the
Thames from Charing Cross to Westminster
is greatly exaggerated, doubtless in order
to bring Whitehall and Westminster within
the narrow limits of the map. The map of
Braun and Hogenberg is, in short, engraved
from an original, the existence of which can
now be inferred only from this copy. That
original could not have been merely an
earlier edition of the map of Aggas so called,
though perhaps this and Braun's map were
both copied from the same original. If
this was so, Braun's copy is much more
faithful than the other ; for in Braun's map
there are features not found in the Aggas
map, though the scale of the latter, about
twenty-four inches to the mile, gave the
draughtsman ample space. Thus in Braun's
map the round of the Temple Church is
shown, though not in Aggas. Again, in
Braun's map is a lettering absent from the
other, " ye Goounefowuders h8 " (where " u "
is printed for n). This is the foundry men-
tioned by Stow (' Survey,' ed. Thorns, p. 49),
established by the three brothers Owens in
the reign of Henry VIII. It has not, I
think, been observed that this gun foundry
gave its name to the present Gun Square,
Houndsditch. We see here a piece of
ordnance, much more clearly shown than
in the Aggas map. Indeed, the minuteness
of detail throughout the map is extraordinary.
Paul's Cross and the famous clock of St.
Magnus are clearly shown, so are the Tliree
Cranes which gave to a Thames-side wharf
a name that has endured till to-day. The
conduits are marked. The reign of Edward
had not obliterated all tokens of the old
religion, or perhaps that of Mary had re-
stored some of them ; in a few churchyards
are seen crosses ; notably in the churchyard
of St. Betolph, Bishopsgate, is a cross, re-
moved in 1559, when the church goods and
books were burnt (' Diary of Henry Machyn,'
Camden Society, p. 208).
We have now to discuss the date of the
original of Braun's map. Somerset House
is marked, so is the spire of St. Paul's, the
latter destroyed by fire in 1561. We may
therefore at once place the date between
1547, when the Protector Somerset, first
took up his residence in the Strand, and
1561. But we can get nearer than this.
On the map we see the name " Suffolke
Place " attached to one of the riverside
palaces. This name ceased to be used after
August, 1557, when the house was acquired
by Heath, Archbishop of York, " and of this
last purchase is now called Yorke House "
(Stow, ' Survey,' pp. 167-8 ; and see also
p. 153, and Strype's Stow, Book IV. p. 17).
As the house is called " Suffolke Place " in
Braun's map we must conclude that the
original was drawn beforo the new name
came into use, which would perhaps be early
in 1558.
We are therefore able to fix the date
between 1547 and 1558. We can get closer
still. I have spoken of the extraordinary
minuteness of detail in the map. To the
objects mentioned I have to add the gallows
on Tower Hill. This was a permanent
structure. " Upon this hill," says Stow,
•' is always ready prepared, at the charges
of the City, a large scaffold and gallows of
timber " (p. 49). The gallows is shown in
the map of Aggas as well as in Braun's
398
TH E A.THENJSUM
NB4093. March 31. L90fl
mill), it i> nnt a " triple tree," like Xj burn ;
it COIlnists only t'l t ^^ « > upright* «'■<! ■ I '
i . »un. in Prawn'* map another gnllowi of
exactly the how form m ihown »»t Charing
Cross. This was erected in lfi.it. Croat
sfVtrity mi ihown in punishing those who
w<iv implicated in Wyntt'e rebellion: this
whs. indeed, l>ut natural, as the rebels had
carried the sword into the very heart of
l,>. mien. Mtichy ii, that most minute chro-
nicler, mus that on February 12th "wea
made at evere gate in Lundun a news payro
of gulaus and set up." He givtxs a list of
gallows set up in addition to those> at the
gates, enumerating fourteen, lumm^ them
one payre at Charyngoroase." Fifty-eight
parsons were hanged on these gallows, four
of them at Charing Cross (' Diary of Henry
Mnchyn,' Camden Society, p. 55). We may
suppose that these gallows were for the most
part taken down when they had served their
immediate purpose, but the gallows at
Charing Cross was an exception : it was
still standing and in use in May, 1555 (Machyn
p. 86) — how much longer is not. I think,
recorded. But the presence of the gallows
in Braun and Hogenberg's map enables us
to say that the original was drawn not earlier
than 1554. The date, then, to be assigned
to the original of the map lies between 1554
and 1558. Alfred Marks.
SOCIETIES.
Society of Antiquaries. — Marc'' '2-2. — Sir
Henry H. Howorth, Y.P., in the chair. — A
paper was read on ' Early Italian Brooches found
in Britain,' by Prof. Ridgeway and Mr. Reginald
Smith, with the purpose of drawing attention to a
number of specimens in various museums, some
l>eing of definite provenance. By way of intro-
duction, evidence was adduced to show that the
brooch was invented in Central Europe, whence it
spread northward to Scandinavia, and southward
to Italy and Greece. The earliest form known had
been named after Peschiera, the site of pile-
dwellings on Lake Garda, and Italy was specially
rich in later varieties of the original safety-pin.
Specimens were far less plentiful in Greece, and
assumed peculiar forms, but seem to have passed
out of fashion there in the fifth centurj' B.C.
Another type, sometimes known as the "spectacle-
brooch," was made up of one, two, or four spiral
coils of wire, like the example said to have been
found in London. It seems to have been de-
veloped from the spirals used for decoration in the
Hungarian Bronze Age, the only innovation being
the addition of a pin at the back : the evidence
was against a Greek origin. The chronology of the
brooch was generally based on Myceniean ex-
amples, but it was now permissible to regard these
as derivatives from the Danube area by way of the
North-West Balkans ; and another starting-point
for the series was necessary. Prof. Montelius's
scheme of evolution for four leading types was de-
scribed, and the discovery of several contemporary
specimens, said to have been found on British soil,
referred to. Special emphasis was laid on the
association of two Italian types with an Egyptian
scarab of the twenty-sixth dynasty (seventy-sixth
century B.C.) at Alton, Hants, one of the brooches
having disks threaded on the bow, and swastikas
engraved on the circular catch-plate, in the Villa-
nova style. In the same county a good speoimen
had been found at Einkley, of a type well repre-
sented in the cemetery at Aufidena, Samnium
(sixty-fifth century b.c. ) ; and one ch uacteristio
example had been found at Reading. A miscel-
laneous collection from Ixworth, apparently of
local origin, comprised Italian specimens ; and
others were cited from Icklingham and Norfolk,
Castor, Derbyshire, Cumberland, and Falkirk,
while three found near Canterbury and Maidstone
were less surprising. A Greek example from the
Thames at Wandsworth seemed to be exceptionally
primitive. Those mentioned wero mostly of foreign
manufacture, but one from Hod Hill, for instance,
might well be a local imitation, and date from the
time when the La Tcne types (with bilateral
springs) were Incoming general in Britain. Refer-
ence was made to intercourse between our islands and
i he Oootinant far beok in the Prom Age, m,.| tin-
importation even of broa has daring the HalUu»tt
period was therefore not Inherently improbable,
t hough further e\ idenoewas desirable, — Dr. Arthur
Ksans and t he Chairman eont I 'ihuled to the <J I h-
i ii-eic.n, and tin- Secretary exhibited for OOmpSrisOtl
u iiiiiiiIkI' i>! early brooches fonnd in Italy; while
various specimens found in Britain wen lent, or
i. pn lented by photographs.
Bum AKMiv.ioeh \i. AeeoruTTQ¥ —
March 21, — Mr. R. H. Forster, Hon. Treasurer,
in the chair. — The Rev. Henry Cart, who was the
delegate appointed by the Council to represent
the Association at tin! recent Internationa]
An Ideological Congress at Athens, gave a very
interesting account of the Congress, the MM
of which was attributable in a great degree to
the interest taken in its proceedings by the King
and Queen of Qreeee, while the Crown 1'riuco
made an ideal chairman. A large number of
photographic views of events and scenes connected
with the meetings were exhibited by lantern,
as well as many taken by Mr. Cart himself
of places which he visited after the Congress,
particularly of the celebrated vale of Tempe,
Corinth, Salonica, &c. — The Rev. W. S. Lach-
Szyrma, Mr. Emanuel Green, Mr. Gould, the
Chairman, and others took part in the discussion.
— In answer to an inquiry, Mr. Cart stated that
at the Congress it was decided that the proposed
restoration of the Parthenon should not be
attempted.
Linnean. — March 15. — Prof. W. A. Herdman,
President, in the chair. — Mr. Hugh Findon, Dr.
J. E. Radcliffe McDonagh, and Mr. E. J. Schwartz
were admitted. — Dr. Tempest Anderson was
elected a Fellow. — A letter from Dr. Chr.
Aurivillius, Secretary of the Kungl. Svenska
Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm, was read,
accompanying copies by Jean Haagen of the
portraits of Carl von Linne by Per Krafft the
elder and Alexander Roslin, in possession of the
Academy, sent in acknowledgment of the loan of
Linne's ' Philosophia Botanica ' interleaved and
annotated by the author, which had been returned
a few weeks ago through the Swedish Legation. —
Prof. F. W. Oliver opened the discussion on ' The
Origin of Gymnosperms.' — Mr. E. A. Newell
Arl>er followed, on the ' Earlier Geological Record
of the True Ferns. ' — Mr. A. C. Seward spoke on
' The Evolution of Gymnosperms ; The Position
and Ancestry of the Araucariea;. ' — The proceed-
ings were then adjourned till May 3rd, when Dr.
D. H. Scott will resume the discussion.
Entomological. — March 21. — Mr. F. Merrifield,
President, in the chair. — The Rev. G. A. Crawshay,
Mr. Hereward Dolman, Mr. E. I). Jones, Dr. J. N.
Keynes, Mr. D. L. McCarrison, and Mr. G. E.
Tryhane were elected Fellows. — Dr. F. A. Dixey
exhibited six male examples of the Pierine genus
Eronia, with corresponding females, and drew
attention to the extreme diversity shown by the
latter in these closely allied species. He con-
sidered that this characteristic was due to the
fact that in every instance the female had been
diverted from the ordinary aspect of the group by
the operation of mimicry, either Miillerian or
Batesian. The species of entirely different
affinities, which had acted presumably as models,
were associated with the exhibit. — Mr. R. Adkin
showed two specimens of Emmelesia u nij'anciata
which had emerged in August last from pupa*
which had lain over since the autumn of 1900,
thus having passed five seasons in the pupal stage.
— Dr. T. A. Chapman exhibited a number of
specimens from the Riviera, Sicily, &c. , and read
a paper on ' Progressive Melanism in the Riviera
of Hantula hyerana.' — A discussion followed on
melanism and its causes, in which Mr. G. T.
Porritt, Dr. F. A. Dixey, the President, and others
joined.
Meteorological. — March 21. — Mr. R. Bentley,
President, in the chair. — Dr. H. R. Mill gave an
interesting lecture on ' South Africa as seen by a
Meteorologist.' This was illustrated by a series of
lantern-slides from photographs taken during the
tour of the British Association in 1905. Photo-
graphs were shown of meteorological stations in
many of the places visited, and the views of tho
scenery were selected to bring out the climatio
features.
I n-titi no* "> Civil Ehuixi am. -Murrh in.
Sir Alexander I'., limine, l'r>-i'l- nt, in the . |,air
The |>«|x-r read was 'The Muter Harrier, BeaV
Kiiiow Iron Mines,' b\ Mi. H. 8, BidwelL
Hkiti-ii Ni mi-.mati< . March U, Mr.
Carlyon Brittoo in the obsir. Mi-wtm. N\ Vree-
land, M. L Webl), and G. C. Yafc 'he
Birmingham Free Libraries and Royal Societies
t'lub were elected to membership Mr. Ah
Ansoomlie read a paper on ' iptioa on the
Oxford Pennies of the Ohsnaforda Type.' The*,
are the coins of King Alfred which h i
subject of sonic oool nt writer* Ix-loug-
ing to the Oxford Historical Booiety baring
pndiated their connexion with that city. Mr.
AiiBcomtte, however, brings entirely fn noe
to l>ear upon the question, namely, that of the
pakeography and orthography of our early manu-
scripts. He divided his subject into five sections:
(1)A description of the coins, showing that the
dies were the work of several engravers, some of
whom adopted the form oksnafokda andadnn"
other blunders. (2) The tyjx- of lettering. By
comparison with 'The Book of Kells,' the seventh-
century Psalter, the second Bible of Charles the
Bald, the Gospel of St. Vaast, and other manu-
scripts, he was able to trace the origin of the
numerous varieties of each letter on the coins, and
to prove that some of them had lieen then recently
introduced into Southern England from the <
tinent. (3) The orthography of the mint-na:
In this relation he offered the instances of the
' Saxon Chronicle,' which was strictly content-
porary with tho coins, and various other authori-
ties of the time, including King Alfred's own
translation of Boethius's work, as conclusive that
the digraph JI-S was used to express the sound now
represented by A* ; then the form ohsnaFORDa was
a time rendering, according to the fashion of the day,
of the word oxnaforda, i.e., Oxford. He explained
that the error of ORSNATORDA probably arose from the
fact that the dies would be copied from written
instructions, for one of the forms of h then in
vogue has not infrequently Vieen mistaken in
manuscripts for, and reproduced as R. (4) The
grammar and meaning of the inscription. The
word oshnaforda was a compound of oh*na, an
Anglo-Saxon genitive plural, meaning "of oxen.'
with forda, the dative singular of the Anglo-
Saxon word ford, which meant "at the font";
the whole being for "at Oxford.*' (5) The j
liable date of the issue of the coins. After
explaining that this orthography was intentional
and systematic, being probably due to the foreign
influences brought to bear on Alfred by his mass-
priest John the Old Saxon, he expressed the
opinion that the general conditions pointed to an
approximate date of a.d. 886 as that of the i-
of the Oxford money. Mr. Anscombe's arguments
were received with much interest by the memUrs
present, and will appear in extenso in The Bri'ith
Numismatic Journal. — Mr. H. M. Reynolds pre-
sented four volumes of student numismatic works
to the Society's library.— Amongst the exhibit
at the meeting were a half-crown of Charles 1.
recently found in Nottingham, of the type which
the late Mr. Montagu assigned to Coventry, and a
shilling of the same king with the triangle mint-
mark, but of rude work and struck on a flan
bearing a previous impression and the letters
by Mr. S. Page ; the curious half - noble of
Henry IV.— V. illustrated as fig. 10 in the plate
of 'Miscellaneous Exhibits' in the first volume of
the Society's Journal, by Mr. P. Laver ; two Irish
tokens of Stew art stown and Dromore, dated 173ti,
by Mr. L. Fletcher; and a badge of the Xeedlc-
niakers' Company, by Mr. F. W. Yeate-s.
MKET1NGS NKXT WEEK.
Mox. Royal Institution, ."..—General Monthly Meeting.
— BocMfcy of Engineers. 7 :*>.—' Harbour Exigency Works. Mr. F.
1-dham.
— Aristotelian. *. — 'Timclessness.' Dr. F. B. Jerons.
— Society ot Art*. «■ — Fire. Fire Kisks. ami Fire Extinction.
Lecture IV. Prof. V. R Lowes. iCantor Lecture.)
Tma. Royal institution. .'>.— The Influence ot Geology on Scenery.
Lecture Ill . Mr .' . E. M:irr. iTyudall Lecture!
— Institution of Ciril Engineer*. 8.— Discussion on "Tie Mar-
hours of South Africa.'
Win. Arctueologi.nl Institute. 4— "The Extensive Line of British
BtakM protecting the Ford across the Thames at Brentford.
Mr Montagu Shan*'-
— Sociological. 5.— Conference on ' The Unemployed Problem.
— Entomological, S. .
— Geological. *.— ' On a Case of Unconformity and Thrust in the
Coal Measures of NorthumlK-rhuid,- Prof. O. A. L. Uls.ur
and lir .1. A. Snivthc ; The t^irlsmiferous Suooeesion tielo*
the Coal Measures in North Shropshire. Denbighshire, and
Flintshire. Dr. W. Hind and Mr. J. T. Stobbe. ■
— Institution of Ciril Engineers. *.— ' Variations in Direction or
the Wind, and an Instrument for Determining Them
Graphically. Mr. B. F. Beverley. (Students Meetinf.l
N° 4092, March 31, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
399
Web. Society of Arts, 8.— 'Ramie and its Possibilities, Mrs. L.
Hart. .,»,*« t
Dante, 8.30.—' Dante and the German Mystics, Prof. A. J.
Butler.
Tiicns. Royal, 4.30. , . __.
— Historical, 5.— 'The Beginning of the Anglo - Portuguese
Alliance.' Miss V. M. Shillington. .
— Royal Institution, 6.—' Internal-Oombusfcon Engines, Lecture
I'll., Prof. B. Ilonkinson.
— Institution of Electrical Engineers, 8.— Discussion on
'Electrical Equipment of the Abcrdare Collieries of the
Powell Duffryn Company,' and ' Electric Winding Considered
Practically and Commercially.' .
— Linnean, 8.—' A Second Contribution to the Flora of Africa ;
Rubiacese and t'omposita?,' Part II., Mr. Spencer Moore;
'Taiwanites, a New Genus of Conifeme from the Island of
Formosa.' Mr. B. Hayata; 'The Anatomy of the Stem and
Leaf of A'uyUua floribunda, R. Br.,' Mr. E. J, Schwartz.
— Chemical, 8.30.—' An Improved Apparatus for measuring Mag-
netic Rotations and obtaining a Powerful Sodium Light,'
Mr. W. H. rerkin, Sen. ; 'The Rusting of Iron.' Mr. O. T.
Moody ■' On the Determination of Carbon in Soils,' Messrs.
A. D. Hall, N. H. J. Miller, and N. Banner, and other
Papers.
— Society of Antiquaries, 8.30.
Tri. Geologists' Association, 8.— 'The Pressure-Chipping of Flint,
and the Question of Eolithic Man,' Mr. S. Hazzledine
Warren.
— Philological, 8.— 'On the 3f Words I am editing for the
Society's Oxford Dictionary,' Mr. H. Bradley.
— Roval Institution, 9.—' The Physical Basis of Life,' Mr. W. B.
Hardy.
Sat. Royal Institution, 3.— "The Corpuscular Theory of Matter,'
Lecture VI., Prof. J. J. Thomson.
%titntt (Bossip.
Prof. Lionel Smith Beale, who died
on Tuesday at the age of seventy - eight,
was for forty years physician to King's
College ( Hospital, having been appointed
professor at the early age of twenty-five.
He was President of the Royal Microscopical
Society in 1879, and published ' The Micro-
scope in Medicine ' and ' How to Work with
the Microscope.' He was Croonian and
Lumleian Lecturer in 1865 and 1875 respec-
tively J; was made F.R.S. in 1857, and
received a number of foreign distinctions.
His long list of medical publications includes
* The Structure of the Tissues ' ; ' Proto-
plasm ; or, Life, Matter, and Mind,' which
has reached a third edition : and ' Life
Theories and Religious Thought,' a subject
which he treated more than once.
EvThe volume of Greenwich observations
for 1903 has recently been published, together
witli separate copies of the Astronomical
Results, Magnetical and Meteorological Obser-
vations, and Photo-heliographic Results. The
number of stars in the catalogue amounts to
5,987. Another publication received from
the Observatory at the same time contains
the Telegraphic Determinations of Longitude
made in the Years 1888 to 1902. These
relate to determinations of the longitude
of Paris in 1888, 1892, and 1902 respectively ;
and determinations of the difference of
longitude between Greenwich, Waterville,
Hazel Hill (Canso, Nova Scotia), and
Montreal ; and between Greenwich and
Killorglin, the former obtained in 1892, and
the latter in 1898.
The moon will be full at 6h. 12m. (Green-
wich time) on the morning of the 9th prox.,
and new at 4h. 7m. on the afternoon of the
23rd. She will be in perigee on the morning
of the 10th. Regulus will be occulted on
the evening of the 5th : disappearance at
5h. 48m., reappearance at 6h. 42m. The
planet Mercury will be at inferior conjunction
with the sun on the 5th, and will be visible
in the morning during the second half of the
month, situated in the constellation Pisces.
Venus enters the southern part of Aries
early in the month, afterwards moving into
Taurus, and passing very near the Pleiades
at the end of it ; she is increasing in brightness
in the evening. Mars is now in Aries, but
■ titers Taurus early next month, and will
approach nearer and nearer to Venus, on
the east side of her. Jupiter is now situated
to the north-west of the Hyadcs, and will
pass duo north of Aldebaran towards the
end of next month ; ho will be near the
crescent moon on the evening of the 26th.
Saturn is in Aquarius, and rises earlier each
morning.
An enlargement of a plate taken for the
Paris portion of the photographic chart of
the heavens shows a streak produced by the
motion of a small planet, which is therefore
a new discovery amongst those bodies.
The date of the plate was November 3rd,
1905.
The orbit of Ross's new comet (c, 1906)
has been calculated by Dr. Stromgren, of
Kiel, who finds that it passed its perihelion
on the 22nd ult. at the distance from the
sim of 0*76 in terms of the earth's mean
distance, and that it is also receding from
the earth, so that its brightness is now only
about half what it was at the time of dis-
covery. The inclination of its orbit to the
plane of the ecliptic exceeds 80°. The
comet's apparent place next week will be at
a short distance due north of a Ceti, moving
in a north-easterly direction.
Two new variable stars have been found by
Madame Ceraski in the constellation Cepheus,
whilst examining plates taken by M. Blajko
at the Moscow Observatory. The fiist
(var. 31, 1906, Cephei) is numbered +84°. 19
in the Bonn ' Durchmusterung ' ; its photo-
graphic magnitude varies between 9*3 and
10*5. From visual observations obtained
by M. Blajko, it would seem that it is now
near a maximum ; the period is probably
about a year. The other star (var. 32,
1906, Cephei) is not in the 'Durchmus-
terung ' ; its photographic brightness varies
between 10*8 and 13#0, with a probable
period of 282 days.
Heer Ebell publishes in No. 4080 of the
Astronomische Nachrichten a new calculation,
from later observations, of Kopff's comet
(b, 1906). The result does not confirm the
conjecture (made soon after the discovery)
that the comet is one of short period. Its
apparent place is now about two degrees
due south of the fourth-magnitude star t
Leonis. The perihelion passage took place
on November 5th, at the distance from
the sun of 3-099 in terms of the earth's
mean distance ; its present distance from
us is 2*465 on the above scale, or about
229,200,000 miles. The slowness of its
apparent motion, which rendered it at first
difficult to determine the orbit, was due to
its great perihelion distance — more than
three times the mean distance of the earth.
FINE ARTS
BOOKS ON ROME.
Rome. By Walter Taylor Field. 2 vols.
(Brimley Johnson & Ince.) — This book has
been written with " a distinct purpose not
found in other volumes," namely, with the
object of pointing out to the tourist " the
really important things to be seen within
the limits of a brief visit : a something not
as barren as a guide-book, nor as discursive
as an essay." This scheme has been carried
out in both volumes in an even and har-
monious way, and we cannot but admire
the self-denial of the author, who, knowing
as much as he does about " the seven-hilled
city," can give only twenty-three lines to
the Mausoleum of Augustus, and twenty-
one to that of Hadrian. He deserves praise
also for the thorough preparation he has
undergone to master a subject which covers
a period of twenty-seven centuries, and is
connected with many branches of art and
archaeology ; and although the book is
addressed to tho tourist rather than to the
student, it is easy to detect, under the
simple and unpretentious style, a thorough
knowledge of tho latest and best literature
on the subject.
The " story of Papal Rome," with which
the second volume opens, is not sketched in
an impartial spirit, and we cannot under-
stand why the tourist should be made to
abhor the very name of the Pontiffs to
whom mediaeval and modern Rome owes
many of its attractions, when the author
could have mentioned, side by side with
John XV., Benedict IX., and Alexander VI.,
many benefactors of mankind in general
and Rome in particular.
The few slips of the pen noticeable in both
volumes can easily be set right in the next
edition. The villa afterwards called Villa
Medici was not built by Cardinal Ricci di
Montepulciano with " material stolen for
the most part from the temple of Jupiter
Capitolinus." The mistake must have
arisen from the fact that one of the lions in
the vestibule of the villa was actually carved
by Flaminio Vacca out of one of the capitals
of that temple (p. 20). The twin churches
of Cardinal Gastaldi in the Piazza del Popolo
cannot both stand on the ruins of the same
tomb, because the Via Flaminia runs between
them (p. 29). The " pillared colonnade "
by which the Septa Julia were (or were not)
surrounded could not possibly have measured
" a mile in length " (p. 30). The canopy of
Urban VIII. above the grave of St. Peter
was not cast with metal from the roof of the
Pantheon (p. 52) ; the heroic statue in the
Palazzo Spada is not of Pompey the Great
(p. 60) ; the Corsini is not a mediaeval palace
(p. 63) ; the Farnese Palace was not built
out of stone and marble filched from the
Colosseum " (p. 63) ; the marble structure
in the Forum Boarium is not an " Arch of
Janus," but a janus, or four-faced arch
(p. 86) ; the marble plan of Severus and
Caracalla is not to be seen on the stairs of
the Capitoline Museum, but it has been
reconstructed since 1903 in the garden of the
Conservatori Palace (p. 115) ; there was no
temple in Rome sacred to the XII. Gods, but
only a " Porticus Consentium " (p. 168) ;
and lastly, the excavations in the Forum
have not revealed anything new about the
Rostra, nor have they induced students to
alter their theories concerning the primitive
course of the Cloaca Maxima. These errors
are but slight, compared with the mass of
excellent information provided.
The author takes it for granted that the
tourist, to whom the book is addressed, is
gifted with a constitution of iron, and with
a power of endurance almost superhuman.
The programme for his first morning's
excurrion includes a visit to the Trinita de'
Monti, the Pincian Gardens, the Villa Medici,
the Piazza del Popolo, the mausoleums of
Augustus and Hadrian, the bridge of Sant
Angelo. the Tower of the Monkey, the
Monte Citorio, and the column of M. Aurelius.
It is obviously in view of the possible results
of this plan, and of the probable collapse of
his tourist, that the author evokes now and
then the spectre of unhealthy Papal Rome,
ignoring the great work of sanitation accom-
plished since 1870, which has made Rome
one of the healthiest and cleanest capitals of
Europe. He also warns his reader, who
thinks he is looking at a " fresh and clean
city " from the top of the Spanish steps, that
"his illusion, alas ! will soon bo dispelled."
He calls the Tiber — whose connexion with t he
m w crs was discontinued many years ago — an
" unfraprant " river. He describes white
miasmas " rising from the Forum, amidst a
district inhabited by " spectral beggars "
shivering with " Roman fever." He con-
siders the beautiful Campagna, the sanita-
tion of which has cost Young Italy such
labour and money, a wilderness where
"malaria is abroad," where "death lurks
in the stagnant pools," so that " tho oursei
400
TIIE ATHENJ1UM
N#4092, March 31, 1906
pronounced against the Imperial city seem
to hover around her still.' These evoca-
tions of the past, which seem to he borrowed
from novel* of the sixties, give a slight touch
of vulgarity to a book which, being full of
sound information, and written in a pleasing
style, ought to be above such pettegolezzi.
The Museums and Ruins of Rorne. By
Walther Amelung and Heinrich Holtzinger.
English Edition, revised by the Authors and
Mrs. S. Arthur Strong, LL.D. (Duckworth
A Co. ) — A manual on Roman art and archaeo-
logy introduced to the English reader by
Mrs. Arthur Strong cannot have better
credentials, even if it deals with a subject
which lacks the charm of novelty. The
scheme of the work is, in fact, identical with
that of Emil Braun's ' Ruins and Museums,'
published fifty-two years ago — the section
relating to ' Ruins ' having been written
by Dr. Holtzinger, and that relating to
4 Museums ' by Dr. Amelung.
If we recall the fact that Braun's work
was revised and brought up to date by
Wolfgang Helbig in 1895, for one part
('Fuhrer durch die SammJungen klassischer
Alterthumer in Rome '), and by Rodolfo
Lanciani in 1897 for the other (' Ruins and
Excavations of Ancient Rome '), we may be
tempted to inquire whether the changes
which have taken place and the discoveries
which have been made in the field of Roman
antiquities during the last ten years are
important enough to warrant the issue of
another work, which does not contain half
the information bestowed on the public by
its predecessors.
The answer to this query is to be found
in the fact that Amelung and Holtzinger's
manual was written (in the original German)
not as an independent book, but as part of
a series called "The Modern Cicerone" ; and,
as such, it could not be better suited to its
scope as regards size, aim, scientific standard,
and limits of the information supplied to the
reader of the series. Does it deserve, how-
ever, the same amount of praise if we con-
sider it under its present English garb, viz.,
as a companion for British visitors to the
Eternal City and for the British student of
ancient art ? Mrs. Strong answers in the
affirmative, and we must abide by her
verdict. She lays stress on the fact that the
manual in question differs from guide-books,
because it not only teaches the stranger
" how to understand works of art, but also directs
him towards enjoyment of them Its particular
value lies in the synthetic and comprehensive
view which lends unity to the maze of excavated
buildings and to the varied art collections. A
theory of artistic development underlies each
volume." — Vol. i., p. x.
Dr. Amelung is too well-known a specialist
in classic art to stand in need of praise, and
his authority on these matters cannot be
questioned since the publication of his work
' Die Skulpturen des Vaticanisches Museum '
(vol. i., Berlin, 1903).
This manual, however, is not calculated
to please the ordinary visitor to Rome, nor
the student of Roman antiquities in goneral,
on account of its bias in favour of one class
of specialists, which deprives it of many
attractions with which works of this kind
are usually endowed. We cannot understand
for instance, why the author should not even
condescend to mention the place of discovery
of the masterpieces he describes ; for it
must make a certain difference, even to the
student of pure art, whether the work before
his gaze comes from the Palace of the Caesars,
or from an unknown hamlet of the Cam-
pagna. Tliis want of information is par-
ticularly felt in connexion with the Apoxyo-
menos (p. 11), the Pudicitia (p. 22), the
Belvedere Apollo (p. 67), the Menander and
Posidippus (p. ST), the Muses (p. 99), the Juno
Sospita (p. 114). the Hera (p. 251), and the
Apollo from the Tiber (p. 276), to quote only
half a dozen instances out of a hundred. We
do not think that the stern dignity of pure
art would have been compromised by the
author telling us in a few words the curious
history of the Menander and Posidippus,
and such knowledge i9 essential for the
student to understand certain particulars
noticeable in both statues, such as the hole
on the top of the head for a /xtix io-ko<;, and
the nails of a brass shoe. Again, in the case
of Jnno Sospita, no harm would have come
to the reader if he had been informed of her
connexion with Lanuvium, or with the repre-
sentation of her type on certain medals of
Antonius, a lover of that delightful city, and
a great worshipper of the goddess. The fact,
likewise, of the Hera having been found in
1878 among the ruins of the Augustan
buildings on the Palatine, ought certainly
to interest the student trying to assign a
place to it among the many existing replicas
of the same subject. This want of correlated
information, which can easily be explained
if we regard Amelung and Holtzinger's work
as a section of " The Modern Cicerone,"
will be keenly felt by the British visitor to
Rome, for whom the present translation is
intended.
We may remark in the last place that such
expressions as " Sala di Croce Greca " and
" Sala degli Fasti " are slightly ungram-
matical ; that Symmachus (November 22nd,
498 a.d., to July 19th, 514), the author of
the fountain in the " Paradise " of St.
Peter's, can hardly be called a mediaeval
Pope (p. 58) ; and that the present Museo
Borghese was not formed by that family " at
long intervals and without any definite plan."
The plan was definite enough : it was formed
by the father and grandfather of the present
Prince to fill up the places left vacant by
the Napoleonic theft of 1812.
THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF
BRITISH ARTISTS.
For any one possessed of a little money
there are few things in the world easier
than to found an artistic society, nor is it
so very difficult to make its first exhibition,
at least, better than the ruck of picture
shows. The difficulty is with the ensuing
years, when vested interests accumulate
round the unfortunate institution, throttling
its better ambitions, till it becomes a mere
association of indifferent painters. If before
this happened it could be abolished, to make
room for fresher effort, all would be well ;
but these same vested interests that prevent
it from living worthily will prevent it from
dying altogether ; and if, above all, it has
acquired in the meantime a royal diploma,
its destruction becomes virtually impossible.
It may be stated, therefore, as an axiom of
artistic politics, that the breathing of a new
spirit into such an established institution
is generally more admirable than the
inauguration of a " new movement," though
it will never get so much journalistic atten-
tion. The critic should not, then, ignore
such a show as that of the Royal Society of
British Artists, merely because latterly it
has fallen on evil days ; rather, since it is
with us and likely to remain with us, should
ho exhort its members from timo to time to
fresh effort.
Occasion for such exhortation is pre-
sented by the curious unanimity with which
all the artistic societies in London, with the
exception of the Royal Academy, have
resolved themselves into close corporations,
cutting off all access to the picture-loving
public for that fresh native talent that, in
spite of theories, wells up, as it were, from*
the very soil. Wo do not say that this
proce-ss of damming back may not be, on
the whole, salutary, for tho multiplicity of
exhibitions has made it easy for self-confidence
to obtain a hearing, while in the abundance
of clamouring* it is difficult for a modest
voice to be heard. What is certain is that
the annual exhibitions at the Academy owe
not a little of their interest to their having
a " first call " on all the promising work
done in a hole-and-corner way by people
out of touch with the art world, but with a
gift for painting. It is equally certain
that when other exhibitions are open their-
promoters save money and lose little credit
by being exclusive. Yet when even,- where
exhibitions are closed, it soon become*
worth while to look for the accumulated,
talent outside.
And while urging this idea on the members
of the R.B.A. we venture to suggest that it
is this class of work — the raw talent described
above — that is most likely to reward atten-
tion. The man is to bo mistrusted who has-
a completely elaborated method of painting:
at his fingers' ends. Talent is not so-
abundant nowadays that he would not havo
been snapped up elsewhere if his mastery
were genuine. But the less fluent painter,
whose work is interesting by dint of his-
absorbed interest in nature, always occurs
from time to time, and is worth more atten-
tion than he gets. He is astonishingly rare
at the R.B.A., but one example we have-
unearthed, and we recommend as a healthy,,
unaffected little bit of painting Near the
Ferry, Poole, by H. K. Rooke. Mr. Rooke-
has a larger picture near that is not bad,
but the first, done from nature and on a
smaller scale, reaps from these two facts
an evident superiority. Pressed by the
difficulty of realizing the details of nature-
with brush relatively large and clumsy, the
artist is driven to an adroitness of touch,
and variety of approach that make the work
fascinating. Had the larger picture been
wrought with clumsier tools, the toork
might have been more delicate, more inter-
esting ; or had he been working in the-
presence of Nature, the challenge of her
many-sided demands might have prevented
his touch being so clean and monotonous —
in a word, unoccupied. We are not blind
to the fact that a painter with a large and
monumental theme, like Puvis de Chavannes,
may gain a kind of dignity by refusing him-
self the attraction of this interested and
engagingly eloquent touch ; but for a
painter of simple transcripts from Nature-
such as these tho quality is, in Sir Joshua's-
words, " one of the essential requisites of
his confined labours."
Nor is there much that is meritorious in
Suffolk Street but stands self-confessed as.
belonging to the same humble, but interest-
ing class of picture. Mr. Gilchrist's Bull
Calf and Mr. Brougier's Monastery have,
though not quite to tho same degree as
Mr. Rooke's little picture, the air of being
completely occupied with the business in
hand, of stretching the expressive powers.
of each brush-stroke to the full, and in con-
sequence interest us longer than Mr. Len-
fenesty's Crown of the Hill, in which the-
painter is very prompt and pat with what
he has to say, but has reduced it to so little-
as hardly to call for so supple and variable-
a medium as water colour for its expression :
hence a certain omptiness of touch. Tho
not very remarkable woodland picture by-
Mr. Jay has this same saving interest of
being by a man not incapable of facing
difficulties for himself, and this at least puts
it far in front of Mr. Dewhurst's Nuns?
N°4092, March .31, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
401
•Garden, with its placid following of the out-
ward appearance of an impressionist painting
and its complete failure to catch the spirit
that saved that school from vulgar crudity.
Somewhat apart from the other exhibitors
are Mr. J. W. Fergusson and Mr. Foottet.
The former shows a number of heads in the
manner of Mr. Sargent ; they show a bias
towards monochrome, but after all are,
-•perhaps, to be preferred to many of the
polychrome vulgarities that master has un-
fortunately inspired. They are rather
•flippant, and not to be compared with Mr.
Fergusson's still life, The Brass Kettle, which
is brilliant in its somewhat narrow way. Mr.
Foottefs The Bridge, is a clumsy transcript
from nature in the manner of Le Sidaner.
In The White Morning ho aims higher, but
■comes to earth with a more decided bump.
Yet here we note a touch of invention in the
•colour-harmony which is very refreshing.
If only the spacing and drawing of the
forms had not been so lamentably wanting,
not, indeed, in realistic possibility (the lack
■of that might pass), but in dignity and
seriousness of design !
-EXHIBITIONS AT SHEPHERD'S AND
DICKINSON'S GALLERIES.
Passing from the Royal Society of British
Artists to Messrs. Shepherd's Exhibition
•of Early British Masters, we find ourselves
in another world. How narrow, after all,
■was the technique of the earlier art for the
purpose of representing the face of Nature I
yet how much more adequately is she
represented here than in the collection of
works we have just left ! The revolutionists
of the nineteenth century won for painting
a liberty, a variety of approach, that would
have been an invaluable weapon for getting
•the better of Nature, its unruly subject-
matter. Too many of their followers are
using this liberty, not for grappling with
difficulties, but for avoiding them. Indeed,
if a man is not strict with himself, nothing
as easier to produce than a modern picture.
But, even if the painter expected no very
close resemblance to Nature, it was no easy
task for him to execute a picture in the old
traditional way. It was done with a know-
ledge of the materials used, and in such a
way that time improved rather than spoilt
a painting. The colours were applied so
as to exploit their qualities of richness and
transparency, and this implied a series of
processes that did not permit disturbance
by any headlong, imitative work. Can it
be doubted that, just as the smallness of
ecale of his picture forced Mr. Rooke to
adroitness in using his brush, so the necessity
of working within a traditional system
obliged the painters of this earlier school to
keep their faculties on the stretch, if they
were to realize Nature adequately ? Their
system did not lend itself to literal imitation
cf Nature ; it did lend itself to rich and
handsome paint, and here, again, is a reason
why even the hangers-on of the older schools
are at least more agreeable than the hangers-
on of the moderns. Imitate the outward
appearance of an old master, the processes
a picture passed through in his hands rather
than his brain, and you have at least some-
thing warm, glowing, and of a piece. Do
the like by Claude Monet, and you get dis-
cordant crudity.
Take the full-length portrait of a gentlo-
man in a scarlet coat on your right as you
enter, and observe how tyrannously the
method of painting cuts down the means
whereby the painter, a man with a taste
for landscape, is to render the elaborate
background. It is to bo very little more than
a filigree of opaque monochrome painted
into a lake, a liquid glazing colour. How
concise and varied must the touch be, there-
fore, how firmly massed the forms ! How
mysterious and impalpable it becomes under
the hand of time !
In all this we have the fortifying influence
of a sound method on a man whose feeling
for Nature was not at bottom very extra-
ordinary : he made the most of each of the
processes he was taught, but did not think
of positively modifying the processes them-
selves to fit more closely 6ome constructive
parallel that he observed in natural effect.
A very fine example of Barlow of Bath, an
upright woodland scene, shows a painter in
this more creative mood. The picture
seems compact of Nature's interwoven
lights, yet is a combination arising natu-
rally out of the pigments used, which cross
and enforce each other like the figures of a
dance. As pure painting Sir Joshua Rey-
nolds's portrait of Mrs. Allen, suave and
accomplished as it is, looks, after this, a
little stiff and uninspired. Indeed, Sir
Joshua is in some respects well matched in
this collection by two of his assistants.
Peter Toms's small full-length of a lady is
of infinite daintiness of facture — almost
betters the Sir Joshua on its merits as paint,
while John Jackson's portrait threatens him
as seriously by its power and eloquence as
a representation of life.
The modern pictures in the room below
are not proportionately with the old masters
superior to the pictures at the R.B.A., so
much harder is connoisseurship in this
department. There is an interesting Clausen,
however ; and Mr. Wylie's Bombardment
of Alexandria, a masculine work half way
between his earlier and his present style,
suggests that even the latter, with its
rather tighter and more meticulous handling,
will gain in breadth and geniality by the
action of time.
Mr. Haslehust's drawings of the Thames
at Messrs. Dickinson's galleries are clean
and dexterous, but not very notable. In
view of the unimportance of this class of
work, it seems inadvisable to train a race of
specialists to do it, and nothing further.
If the public want such things done, surely
they might be induced to accept the pro-
ductions of a more serious painter who went
in for the work occasionally as a kind of
holiday jaunt. It would cost the public
no more, and would be more interesting.
No. 55, Thames Head, near Kemble, is perhaps
the best, the painter being quite interested
for a moment in some weed swinging round
the bend of the liver. In the trees at the
left, however, he remembered a convention
used by his brother experts, and was saved
further individual research.
THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ROME.
The third open meeting of the British
School at Rome for the present season was
held on the 12th inst. in the library of the
School. The first paper, on ' Copies of
Statues on Coins,' was read by Prof. Percy
Gardner, a member of the Managing Com-
mittee of the School. He began by a defence
of coins of the time of Hadrian and later as
sources of information^in regard to works
by great sculptors of an earlier date, and by
defining the conditions under which their
evidence may be regarded as trustworthy,
and the conventions adopted by the die-
cutter. He then proceeded to consider in
detail two examples, the first being Artemis
at Patra?. On a succession of coins of the
imperial period, reaching from Nero to
Caracalla, an almost identical figure of
Artemis occurs, sometimes with the inscrip-
tion " Diana Laphria." That we have here
a copy of the cultus statue is almost
certain. Pausanias describes it as having
been brought from Calydon by Augustus :
it represented the goddess hunting, or at
least armed for the chase, and was of ivory
and gold, the work of Mensechmus and
Soidas, two sculptors of Naupactus, who were
very possibly Messenians. Objections have
been brought against the identification by
Prof. Studwiczka (in Romische M itteilungen,
iii. [1888], 297), who considers that the
statue as represented on the coins belongs
to too late a date for the masters in question,
who, he supposes, being called Naupactians,
must have preceded the settlement of the
Messenians at Naupactus in B.C. 455. This
is not, however, at all necessary ; and both
the artists and the statue as represented on
the coins may be safely assigned to the
middle of the fifth century b.c.
The second example was Themistocles at
Magnesia. A coin of Magnesia in Ionia
(published in Athenische M itteilungen, 1896)
depicts the statue of Themistocles set up
soon after his death in the market-place
there, which is mentioned by Thucydides,
i. 138. The coin was struck in the reign of
Antoninus Pius, and represents the hero
standing nude towards the left, with a patera
in his right hand, and a sheathed sword in
his left. Before him is a burning altar, at
the foot of which lies a slain bull. It is
probably from a misunderstanding of the
statue that the legend arose which occurs
in ' The Knights ' of Aristophanes that
Themistocles died from drinking bull's
blood. A copy of the statue itself is very
probably preserved to us in a well-known
statue from the Villa Albani, now in the
Glyptothek at Munich, which Prof. Furt-
wangler once considered to be a Zeus
(' Masterpieces,' 212), but which he has since
catalogued simply as a " statue of a nude
bearded god or hero." The statue itself
belongs to about the middle of the fifth
century b.c, and represents, not a god, but
a man — it is, in fact, a portrait statue ; and
it is exactly contemporary with the statue
of Themistocles at Magnesia. There are
certain small discrepancies between the
statue and the coin type ; and both arms of
the statue have been restored somewhat
incorrectly, though in the left hand a sheath
has been introduced — why, it is hard to see,
unless it be admitted that the restorer had
some evidence to go by ; and it has already
been noticed that a sheathed sword is held
by the left hand of the figure on the coin.
The second paper, on late Roman historical
reliefs, was read by the Librarian, Mr.
A. J. B. Wace. He dealt first with the six
long reliefs forming the frieze round the
Arch of Constantine. In three of these
reliefs — one representing a triumph, another
a congiarium, another a scene on the Rostra
— the original head of the emperor had been
carefully chiselled out, and the head of a
later emperor, now lost, inserted. The
other three represent a battle by a river,
probably that at Pons Milvius ; the siege
of a town, possibly Verona ; and a conven-
tional triumphal scene. In the scene of the
siege the emperor is present, and his head,
though damaged, has never been removed
or replaced. These last three reliefs all
seem to be alike- in style, in which they differ
slightly from the first three : and, since the
emperor's head is untouched, they must be
Constantinian. The first three must refer
to an earlier emperor, probably Diocletian,
who was the ln^i emperor to celebrate a
triumph (in -\.i>. 80S), and who was fairly
active in building in Home. Mr. Waee
next spoke of the base of the obelisk of
402
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4092, March 31, 1906
Thoodosius in Constantinople, this base
being in two parts. The lower a large block
of marble, was, apparently, originally meant
to carry the obelisk. On two of its lower
sides are representations of the transport
of the obelisk, and of the obelisk erect in
the hippodrome; while on the other two
sides are inscriptions in Latin and Greek,
commemorating its erection under Theo-
dosius. The upper part of the block, which
is smaller, had originally a grooved orna-
mentation round its sides. This part is of
about the same size as the bottom of the
obelisk. Later, however, the four corners
of the upper part were cut away, and their
place taken by blocks of granite set with
mortar ; and thej- and the whole of the
ornamentation were covered up by slabs of
marble, the dowel holes of which are still
visible. The upper block of the base, also
of marble, is sculptured on all four sides with
scenes representing the emperor in the
hippodrome and receiving the homage of
barbarians. On this block again are four
square blocks of bronze, on which stands
the obelisk. Directly underneath one of
these bronze blocks the corner of the upper
marble block has been restored, and on the
restoration only part of the sculptured scene
is continued. It seems likely that the top
block was not originally meant to support
the obelisk — that it was already sculptured
when moved to its present position, and thus
had to be lifted by a clamp under each
corner, which necessitated the cutting away
of the corners of the lower block in order to
get it properly into position. The block was,
however, damaged in course of transport,
and therefore had to be restored. In one of
the scenes on this upper block are repre-
sented, according to the usual view, Theo-
dosius, his wife Flaccilla, Arcadius, and
Honorius. But the figure called Flaccilla
is not only dressed like the other three male
figures, but is also not characterized as
female. Therefore, since, owing to the
technical points, an earlier date than Theo-
dosius has to be assumed for this block, it
seems probable that it represents Constantino
and his three sons, and the style of the heads
agrees very well indeed with portraits of this
period. Thus it seems clear that the lower
part of the base was originally intended for
the obelisk.
The meeting was well attended by foreign
scholars and British residents in Rome.
M. EUGENE CARRIERE.
The death of this distinguished artist on
Tuesday last, after a long and painful illness,
removes from the ranks of French painters
a genius of no ordinary accomplishments.
Like Ricard and Whistler among his con-
temporaries, Carriere combined what has
been described as " exactness of physiology
with the most exalted ideality " in his
portraits, and this quality, whilst it never
brought him popularity in the ordinary sense,
will secure him a prominent place in the
annals of French art of the last quarter of
the nineteenth century. His place, indeed,
in such annals will defy any attempt at
grouping, for his originality is of such a
nature that he stands entirely alone. There
is a singular charm in the melancholy of
nearly all his portraits, for it is a melancholy
which is full of poetry and expression, as
may be seen in the wonderful picture called
' Maternite,' painted in 1892, and now in
the Luxembourg ; in the ' Jeune Mere,'
painted in 1878, and now at Avignon ; and
in ' L'Eniant Malade,' 1886, now at Montargis.
The group of the artist's family, a composi-
tion of six figures, which has been frequently
reproduced, is a faithful transcript, in which
each glance of the eyes, each position of the
hands, and each pose of the figures is a
subtle revelation of the artist's poetic feeling.
His portrait of Paul Verlaine is one of the
most striking likenesses to be found any-
where in modern art, for here we have a
face without beauty endowed with a vivid-
ness and human charm worthy to rank with
the work of the greatest exponents of por-
traiture. Carriere in portrait painting, like
Forain in caricature, found his most con-
genial subjects in lowly folk — in those to
whom the struggle for life is an ever-present
problem ; and the charm which pervades
his works will always counteract the sadness
which no one has more successfully idealized
than himself.
Carriere's more important groups and
portraits include Alphonse Daudet and
daughter, Gabriel Seailles and daughter,
Edmond de Goncourt, Devillez the sculptor,
and a portrait of his own daughter, with the
title ' Premier Voile,' painted in 1887, and
now at Toulon.
Carriere, who was born at Cournay-sur-
Marne (Seine-et-Oise) on January 17th,
1849, studied under Cabanel at the Ecole
des Beaux- Arts, which he entered in 1870,
soon having to leave to take part in the war.
For nearly ten years he painted in poverty
and neglect. It was not until 1884, when
he produced the series of " Enfants au chien,"
that he attracted, through the critics, the
attention of the art-loving public. At the
Salon of that year he obtained an " honour-
able mention," whilst in that of the following
year he won a third-class medal and the Prix
Bashkirtseff. He won other official recogni-
tions in the Salons of 1887 and 1889, and the
violent attacks which some of his earlier
works excited became changed into a
general chorus of praise. Miss Kingsley, in
her excellent ' History of French Art,'
happily suggests Baudelaire's words, " What
can be seen in sunlight is always less inter-
esting than what takes place behind a
window-pane. In this dark or luminous
hole life lives, life dreams, life suffers," as
applicable to Carriere's view of art, and
the passage admirably sums up the artistic
outlook of this great and original artist.
He also painted the portraits of such
celebrities as Anatole France, Henri Roche-
fort, Reclus, and Metchnikoff, not to enter
into a long list of well-known " femmes
gracieuses " and " enfants choyes." His
public decorations included work at the
Hotel de Ville, at the Sorbonne, and at the
Mairie of the twelfth Arrondissement.
W. R.
SALES.
Messrs. Christie sold on the 21st inst. the
following engravings : After Morland : Delia in
Town, and Delia in the Country, by J. R. Smith,
58/. After Hoppner : Countess of Oxford, by
S. W. Reynolds, 50/. ; Sophia Western, by J. R.
Smith, 27/. ; Juvenile Retirement, by J. Ward,
85/. ; Viscountess Andover, by C. Wilkin, 29/.
After Peters : Belinda, by R. Dunkarton, 92/. ;
Girl seated under a Tree, by Colinet, 22/. After
Reynolds : Jane, Countess of Harrington and
Children, by F. Bartolozzi, 42/. ; Mrs. Robinson
as Perdita, by W. Dickinson, 40/. ; Mrs. Hale in
' L' Allegro,' by J. Watson, 26/. ; Lady Bamp-
fylde, by T. Watson, 9S/. ; Lady Taylor, by W.
Dickinson, 88/. After Gardner : Lady Rushout
and Children, by T. Watson, 141/. After J.
Wright : The Bradshaw Family, by V. Green, 57/.
After Chalon : Thornton Castle and Thorntoniana,
by W. Ward, 27/.
The sale on the 24th inst. was notable for the
prices fetched by two of Lord Leighton's pictures :
The Summer Moon, 4,402/. ; and Winding the
Skein, 1,522/. The following pictures were also
sold : T. Blinks, On the Moors. 157/. Andre
Crochepierre, Reflections, 105/. F. Roybet, A
Cavalier, in black slashed dress and large hat, 262/.
Lely, Nell Gwyn, 105/. T. S. Cooper, A Group
of Cattle and Sheep, on the bank of a river, 159/. ;
Four Cows in a Meadow, 105/. ; Vicat Cole,
liasildon Ferry, with Hartswood in the distune-,
136/. K. Heflner, The Afterglow, 2157. J. W.
(Jodward, Venus at the Bath, 120/. R. Ansdell,
The Caledonian Coursing Meeting, 504/. W.
Midler, Lago Maggiore, 231/. ; The Port of Rhodes,
152/. B. W. Leader, Sand Dunes, 215/. R.
Wylie, La Sorciere Bretonne, 136/. Drawings r
EL Charlemont, A Drummer. 65/. ; A Cavalier, oSL
Birket Foster, The Hayfield, 183/. ; Loch Maree,
556/. ; In the Market-Place, Verona, 493/. ; Ben
Nevis, 483/. ; Highland Scene, near Dalmully. 577/.
K. Metz.macher, Cinderella, 57/. E. Detaille,
Marechal Ney, 78/. Sir F. W. Burton, Interior of
Bamberg Cathedral, 57/. Sam Bough, Lindis-
farne, 183/. ; Borrowdale, 136/. W. Hunt, Pine-
apple and Grapes, 68/. ; Light and Shadow, llo/.
Messrs. Connell & Sons hold a private-
view to-day at 43, Old Bond Street, of works-
by the late Alexander Fraser.
Next Saturday is fixed for the private-
view of the summer exhibition of the
Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours-
The collection of pictures by Corot
formed by the late Mr. Staats Forbes will
be exhibited at the Leicester Galleries,
Leicester Square, for a few weeks from,
to-day. The exhibition will include, in.
addition to twenty-two examples of Corot,.
a large number of pictures by Daubigny,.
Diaz, Jacque, Dupre, Rousseau, and Troyon-
A correspondent writes : —
"It is curious to me that in the course of your
criticism of the works by the late C. Furse you do-
not mention that it is impossible for the general
public to gain admittance to the exhibition."
Mr. Thomas Hoade Woods, whose
death, in his seventy -seventh year, occurred
on Monday last, had been till recently the
senior partner in the Messrs. Christie's
famous firm. Mr. Woods joined their
service in 1846, and very soon showed the
value of his powers. He was an excellent
man of business, with a remarkable memory
and wide knowledge of fine-art matters.
He took for years a leading part in the great
sales which have made Messrs. Christie's-
reputation supreme for more than a century.
He became a partner of the concern in 1859,
and senior partner in 1889. He retired from
active work in 1903, having been in ill-health
for some time.
The Victoria and Albert Museum, South
Kensington, has received, through the gene-
rosity of Mrs. Arthur Melville, a valuable-
addition to the historical collection of
water-colour paintings of the British School,
in a large picture by the late Mr. Arthur-
Melville, entitled 'The Little Bull-Fight:
Biavo, Toro ! ' recently shown at the special
exhibition of that artist's work at the Institute
of Painters in Water Colours.
M. Anatole Celestin Calmels, the
sculptor, whose death is announced at Lisbon,
at the age of eighty-four years, had long
ceased to be a prominent figure in French
art. He obtained the second Grand Prix
de Rome in 1839, and won a medal at the
Salon of 1852. He was a native of Paris,
and executed a large number of statues and
busts for various monuments in his native
city. He was for thirty years a " corre-
spondent " of the Academie des Beaux- Arts.
The frontispiece of the April number of
The Burlington Magazine is a photogravure
of ' The Sisters ' (portraits of Kate and Ellen
Terry) by G. F. Watts, on which Mr. Claude
Phillips contributes a note. The editorial
article on ' The Purpose and Policy of
National Museums ' deals particularly with
N°4092, March 31, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
403
the proposal of the Director of the Boston
Museum to exhibit only the finest specimens
in the collection, and decides against it so
far as Europe is concerned. Under the title
• The Most Magnificent Book in the World ? '
Mr. H. Yates Thompson writes on a Latin
Aristotle in his collection, with splendid
illuminations which suggest the name of
Ercole Roberti. Sir Richard Holmes con-
tinues his articles on the English miniature
painters, dealing this time with Isaac Oliver ;
and Mr. Warwick Draper writes on the
Watts fresco at Lincoln's Inn. Mr. Starkie
Gardner concludes his account of the Duke
of Rutland's silver plate at Belvoir Castle ;
and Mr. R. S. Clouston contributes a paper
on ' Eighteenth-Century Mirrors.' Among
other contributions are an article on the
Centenary Exhibition of German Art at
Berlin, and one on Adolph Menzel. The
American section includes an article on the
novel proposal of the Boston Museum above
mentioned.
At the last meeting of the Royal Scottish
Academy, held in Edinburgh, three new
Associates were elected : Mr. R. M. G.
Coventry, of Glasgow, a painter ; Mr. Percy
Portsmouth, a sculptor ; and Mr. James
Miller, of Glasgow, an architect. Mr.
Coventry has been a consistent exhibitor
at the Academy for many years ; and Mr.
Miller is the well-known Glasgow architect
who designed the International Exhibition
Buildings of 1901.
The second instalment of the Vasari
Society's ' Reproductions of Drawings by
the Old Masters ' (Nos. 21-32) will shortly
be issued to subscribers. The artists repre-
sented are Lorenzo di Credi, Pontormo, an
unknown sculptor of the Sienese School of
the fourteenth century whose designs for a
pulpit at Orvieto were never carried out,
Mantegna(?), Montagna, Tintoretto (?),
Guardi, Diirer, Hans Holbein the Younger,
and Claude. The committee have been able
to include drawings from the collections of
the Opera del Duomo at Orvieto, the Berlin
Museum, Messrs. A. E. Gathorne-Hardy,
Edward Holland, and George Salting, as
well as of the British Museum. This com-
pletes the first year's work of the Society,
which numbers nearly 450 members, so
that its success may be regarded as assured.
A committee, including many well-known
names, has been formed for the purpose
of collecting subscriptions for the erection
of a monument to Fragonard, the centenary
of whose death occurs this year. The com-
mission has been given to the well-known
sculptor M. Auguste Maillard, whose marble
bust has been promised a place in one of
the public gardens in Paris.
The death, in lus seventy-sixth year, is
announced from Berlin of the well-known
landscape painter Karl Gustav Rodde. His
pictures, which were for the most part
representations of Italian scenery, are to be
found in the principal German galleries.
Mr. Hartshorne writes : —
" It will be remembered 'that there was not
absolute agreement in the House of Commons
when the new statue of Oliver Cromwell was set
up. Many will be surprised, and all will be
shocked, now to learn that the great figuro repre-
sents the supreme cavalry leader with his spurs on
upside down. May it be hoped that there will at
least be unanimity as to the application to the
statue of a new 'crowning mercy' — or perhaps,
rather, a new ' healing grace ' — for the rectification
•of so important an item of military harness ?"
The Antiquary for April will contain,
among other articles, the following : • A
Pilgrimage to St. David's Cathedral,' by
Dr. Alfred C. Fryer, illustrated from photo-
graphs by Mr. Percy Hume; 'The Gipsy
Folk-tale of the Two Brothers,' by Dr.
W. E. A. Axon ; * The Chapel of St. Thomas,
Mappershall,' by Miss Constance Isherwood,
illustrated ; ' The Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly,
1813-1873,' a continuation of Mr. Aleck
Abrahams's chronicle history ; ' Norwich
City Records,' by Canon Raven, an illus-
trated review ; and ' Mary Queen of Scots :
her Connection with Art and Letters,' by
Mr. Blaikie Murdoch (conclusion).
The Rhind Lectures in Archaeology are
being delivered this year by Dr. F. Haver-
field, in the Lecture Hall at the National
Portrait Gallery Buildings, Queen Street,
Edinburgh. Last Wednesday and Friday
he dwelt on ' The General Character of
a Roman Province such as Britain,' and
' The History of the Conquest of Britain.'
Further lectures are on April 2nd, 4th, 6th,
and 10th. The whole should form a mine
of information on the subject by a first-
rate authority.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
Bechstein Hall. — Mr. Cyril ScoWs Con-
cert.
The programme of Mr. Cyril Scott's con-
cert last Thursday week was devoted
entirely to his own compositions ; but
such a plan, as we have often pointed out,
is scarcely wise as regards the composer.
The first number was a new Sextet, for
pianoforte and strings. Mr. Scott, in
writing his Pianoforte Quartet, which has
been performed more than once, and was
also in the present programme, de-
liberately avoided anything in the shape
of a cadence until the end of a movement,
and in this new work the same method is
adopted. There results a restlessness and
vagueness which mar good thoughts and
clever workmanship. Some of Mr. Scott's
lyrics were extremely well sung by Miss
Edith Clegg, and in these the composer
was heard to far better advantage. In
compositions of short compass the avoid-
ance of a cadence proved far less harmful ;
some of the songs, indeed, were character-
istic and effective.
.Eolian Hall. — Miss Booker and Mr.
Harford's Concert.
Miss Betty Booker and Mr. Francis
Harford gave a second concert at the
^Eolian Hall on Tuesday evening. We are
glad to note the attention that is beginning
to be paid to Bach's church cantatas.
The one with which this concert opened
was " Ich geh' und suche mit Verlangen."
for soprano and bass, with accompaniment
for strings, oboe d'amore, and continuo.
The first number, a bass solo, with its
constant repetition of words, and not
grateful part for the voice, proved rather
trying ; but it served as a foil to the lovely
music which followed. Miss Booker sang
with intelligence, if at times somewhat
roughly. The accompaniments, too,
lacked point and delicacy. Mr. Donald
Francis Tovey presided ably at the piano-
forte, but that instrument, in music of the
kind, is an unsatisfactory substitute for
the harpsichord ; it docs not blend
properly with the other instruments. Dr.
Vaughan Williams's cycle ' The House of
Life ' was repeated by general request.
There may be moments when the com-
poser relies too much on mere harmonic
colour ; taken, however, as a whole, these
six songs are remarkable for skill, genuine
feeling, and absence of anything savouring
of extravagance. If, on the one hand,
there are passages in which the interest
slightly flags, there are others, as in ' Love's
Minstrels ' and ' Death-in-Love,' in which
it is greatly intensified. Mr. Harford sang
with well - deserved success, while Mr.
Henry Bird rendered good service in the
important pianoforte accompaniments.
Queen's Hall. — London Symphony
Orchestra Concert.
The ninth concert of the London Sym-
phony Orchestra, on Monday evening,
was conducted by Dr. Richter. The
earlier part of the programme was devoted
to Brahms, Wagner, Beethoven, and Bach.
The first was represented by his most
cheerful, most skilful ' Academic ' Over-
ture, the second by the noble ' Parsifal '
Prelude, the third by the dramatic
' Coriolan ' Overture, and the last by his
third Brandenburg Concerto ; and all of
these were admirably performed. With
regard to the Concerto, the programme-
book stated, and correctly, that it con-
sisted of two Allegros separated by only
two chords, which are marked adagio. In
place of these Dr. Richter, however, in-
troduced a movement arranged by Hel-
mesberger from a Bach sonata for" violin
and clavier. There is nothing to say
against the music of this movement ; but
would it not have been better to follow
the original text ? It seems to us just
possible that Bach, when playing the
part for the harpsichord, which is now
ignored, improvised a cadence at this
point.
The second part of the programme
included * Also sprach Zarathustra,' of
which Dr. Richter supplied a splendid
rendering. The opening of this work gives
promise of very great things — a promise,
however, which is not fulfilled.
iHusiral (Sassip.
Sir Hubert Parry's ' Pied Piper of
Hamelin,' produced at the last Norwich
Festival, was pei formed on Tuesday at
Queen's Hall by the London Choral Society.
A very cordial reception was given to the
composer of this clever and humorous setting
of Browning's poem, but the performance —
a fairly good one — was under the direction
of Mr. Arthur Fagge. The work was actually
given for the first time in London by the
St. George's Choral Society. Tufnell Park,
under the direction of Mr. W. H. Thomas,
on the 15th inst.
The Nora Clench Quartet performed
Beethoven's Fugue, Op. 133, at their fifth
concert at the Bechstein Hall on Tuesday
evening. This fugue, as recently noted.
originally formed the Finale of the great
Quartet in B fiat. Many amateurs and
some musicians worship names ; for them
it is sufficient for a work to be signed Bach,
Beethoven, or Brahms to extort admiration.
But these and other masters wrote, at
times, dry, uninspired works, and of such a
kind is tho fugue in question ; and to im-
press that fact on the minds of unintelligent.
404
TIIE ATHENAEUM
N°4092, March M, 1906
admirers, it i* ju rlmps M WoD tluit this
laboured movement should occasionally be
heard. The rTora Clench Quartet deserve
all credit for their courage Ea performing it.
Ni\t week, at the final Broadwood
Ooaoerl ol the seaeon, will be performed a
pianoforte concerto by C. P, E. Bach,
recently discovered in tho library of the
Vienna Geeellschaft der Musikfreunde by
Dr. Heinrich Schenker.
Mkmiki ssohn s Reformation' Symphony
was performed at the Faris Conservatoire
Concert on the 18th inst.
Dom Lorenzo Perosi, according to
Italian papers, has just completed a symphony
in four movements, which is to be produced
at Milan, and probably under the direction
of Signor Martucci, the well-known Director
of the Conservatorio at Naples.
I
■
Til a.
Wn..
Tm us
Fm.
Jmt.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Similar Soru'tj's OuuiniL MS, Queen's Hull.
Suntlav L.-Hjfvie Concert, 7. Queen s BalL
Bach Choir. *. Qneen'a Hull.
Sir. Arthur Friedhdra'a Pianoforte Rivital. S.30. .Eolian Hall.
Mr Frederic Austin's Vocal Recital. :i, jEoUarj Hall.
Bach Choir, % Queen'i HalL
Philharmonic < oncert. 8, Queen's Hall.
liroa<i»cx*l Concert. *:.%). £oliao Hall.
Mr li< nnii o 'Suiiiiun '« Concert. 1.1ft, MeUnn nail.
na BnaaaU (Jrahnni '■ Violin Recital, 8, Queen's Hall.
Nora Clench Quartet, 8.S0, Ikchstein Hall.
alias Marie Hall a Violin Recital. :i. Queen s Hall.
l>'ii»lon Symphony Orcheatru Concert, .':.::0. Crystal Palace.
DRAMA
dramatic (gossip.
Among the manifold schemes of Mr. Tree,
one likely, it is said, to be soon realized
consists in an appearance as Col. Newcome.
His impersonation of such a character
cannot be otherwise than interesting. What
may be its dramatic value and significance
remains to be seen. Striking as are the
characters in Thackeray, few of them have
lent themselves to the purpose of the actor,
and it is not certain that for Col. Newcome
there is reserved a triumph denied to Becky
Sharp, Esmond, and Rawdon Crawley.
In order to permit of the appearance of
Miss Terry at His Majesty's during the
Shakspeare festival week, ' The Merry
Wives of Windsor,' in which she will re-enact
Mrs. Page, will be substituted on April 27th
for ' Much Ado about Nothing,' previously
promised for the same date.
Since the production at the Criterion,
on November 22nd, 1884, of ' The Candidate,'
an adaptation by Mr. Justin Huntly McCarthy
of ' Le Depute de Bombignae ' of M. Alex-
andre Bisson, given in the previous May at
the Theatre Francais, things have altered
politically and socially. At that time a
rattling comedian, the most successful
wearer of the laurels of Charles Mathews,
Sir Charles Wyndham, has now infused into
hi> acting a seriousness and an earnestness
which his predecessor could never touch.
His performance of Lord Oldacre has
accordingly gained in dignity what it has
lost in dare-devilry. The dialogue, more-
over, which has necessarily been altered
to suit altered conditions, has parted
with something of its appropriateness, if
not of its vivacity. It may even bo — who
knows ? — that the politics of to-day are
more serious than those of yesterday. At
any rate, though tho general performance
was excellent, the whole missed something
of tho former sparkle. As a piece d' occasion
it has a certain amount of interest.
R evived at the Haymarket Theatre, at
which Mr. Charles Hawtrey now constitutes
tho chief attraction, ' The Man from Blank-
ley's ' proves to have lost nothing since its
first production at tho Prince of Wales's
on April 2.r)th, 1901. The contrast between
the young nobleman who, by a freak of
fortune, passes in suburban quarters for a
paid guest at a dinner-table, and she vulgar
cotirivrs by whom he is first snubbed and
then toadied, retains its pristine treslmess.
Played as he is by Mr. Charles Jlautny.
Lord Strathpeffer is infinitely divert Eng.
Many of tho original exponents reappear.
Miss Fanny Brough, Mr. Kemblo, Mr.
Holman Clark, and Mr. Arthur Playfair being
seen in their original parts. New-comers
include Mr. Weedon Grossmith and Miss
Dagmar Wiehe. The revival was received
with signal favour.
Next Wednesday afternoon ' Monsieur
de Paris ' will be revived at the Garrick,
with Miss Violet Vanbrugh as Jacinta, the
executioner's daughter. The 28th of the
same month is fixed for tho presentation at
the same house of ' The Fascinating Mr.
Vanderveldt,' the new comedy of Mr. Alfred
Sutro.
' Dorothy o' the Halt,,' by Messrs.
Paul Kester and Charles Major, to be pro-
duced at the New Theatre on April 14th by
Mr. and Mrs. Fred Terry, was given on
November 3rd, 1904, by them at the Theatre
Royal, Newcastle-on-Tyne.
' Madame Bohemia,' a dramatization of
Francis Neilson's novel of the same name,
will shortly be given by Miss Jessie Millward
at an afternoon performance at the Scala.
The English adaptation of ' Shore Acres,'
the next novelty at the Waldorf, is being
executed by Mr. F. G. Aflalo. Miss Mary
Rorke, Mr. Cyril Maude, and Mr. Cooper
Cliffe are included in the cast with which
it will be presented.
' Hippo lyttjs ' was placed on Monday in
the evening bill at the Court. Mr. Henry
Ainley was Hippolytus ; Mr. William Havi-
land, Theseus ; Mr. Granville Barker, the
Henchman ; and Miss Olive, Phaedra. Miss
Madge Mcintosh was Aphrodite, and Miss
Gwendolen Bishop, Artemis. Of the adap-
tations from Euripides by Prof. Murray yet
given this remains the most impressive.
An adaptation of ' Maternite,' by M.
Brieux, executed by Mrs. G. B. Shaw, is
announced as the next production of the
Stage Society.
' Arms and the Man ' was recently per-
formed with great success at Stockholm,
and will be acted at the Theatre Royal,
Copenhagen, in a month's time. The
Danish translation, entitled ' Heroes ' is by
the well-known author and actor, Dr. Karl
Mantzius.
To Correspondents.— G. S.— A. M. M.— R. B. J.— C. P.
—Received. EX. P. F. M.— Not wanted.
S. M. E.— V. C— Many thanks.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Authors' Agents 378
Hki.i, A Sons 404
Blackwood a sons B80
Catalogues 378
Clarke & Co. 406
CONSTABLK it C'0 4o;.
dkkjhton. Bell a Co 407
BDCCATIOSAI 377
EXHIBITION! 377
Harper A Brothers Hi
Hirst <fc BLACKBTT 382
[rsurance Companies 400
LONOXANB A Co 407
Machillam a Co 868
Magazines, Ac 4oe
Miscellaneous 378
Mldiks Library W9
Newspaper Agents Wl
Oxford i'kkss H9
Alston Biters 381
BOUTI.BDGB A Sons 408
svi.ks nv Auction 378
Skki.kv a Co 406
Sisi.r.v A CO 882
Situations vacant 377
SITI VTIONS WaNTK.H 37S
smith, Ki.iikk A Co 407
Societies 377
TTTE-WRITERS 378
MESSRS. BELL'S
NEW BOOKS.
Catalo'jues sent pout fine on application.
SIXTH AND CHEAPER EDITION.
With a New Preface, demy 8vo, 8s. 6rf. net.
HENRY VIII. AND THE
ENGLISH MONASTERIES.
By the Right Rev.
ABBOT GASQUET, D.D. O.S.B.
OTHER WORKS BY ABBOT &A8QPWT.
Demy 8vo, 12s. net.
HENRY III. AND THE
CHURCH : a Study of his Ecclesiastical
Policy and of the Relations between
England and Rome.
NEW AND REVISED EDITION.
6s. net.
THE EVE OF THE REFORMA-
TION. Studies in the Religious Lif»
and Thought of the English People in
the Period preceding the Rejection of
the Romish Jurisdiction by Henry VIII.
Crown 8vo, 4s. 6d. net.
BROWNING AND DOGMA.
Being Seven Lectures on Browning's
Attitude to Dogmatic Religion. By
ETHEL M. NAISH.
These Lectures are based on the following^ works
of Browning : — Caliban upon Setebos — Cl»on —
Bishop Blougram's Apology — Christmas Eve and
Easter Day — La Saisiaz.
"Browning's Christianity seems to us very well
and wisely defined in an interesting and soholarly
book." — Academy.
Post 8vo, 6s. net.
STUDIES IN POETRY AND
CRITICISM. By J. CHURTON
COLLINS.
Contents .—The Poetry and Poets of America—
The Collected Works of Lord Byron— The Collected!
Poems of William Watson— Tho Poetry of Mr.
Gerald Massey— Mil tonic Myths and their Author*
— Longinus and Greek Criticism— The True Func-
tions of Poetry.
NEW VOLUME OF
BOHN'S 8TANDARD LIBRARY.
Post 8vo, 3s. Qd.
HAZLITTS VIEW OF THE
ENGLISH STAGE; or, a Series of
Dramatic Criticisms. Edited by W.
SPENCER JACKSON. {Ready April 4..
THE YORK LIBRARY.
A NEW SERIES OF REPRINTS OX THIN PAPER.
Small 8vo, &*i net in cloth, and te, net in leather.
NEW VOLUME.
PLUTARCH'S LIVES. Trans-
lated, with Notes and a Life, by
AUBREY STEWART, M.A.,
GEORGE LONG, M.A. Vol. I.
andi
London: OK ORGS BELL k SONS,
Portngal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N°4092, March 31, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
405
A SELECTION FROM
ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & CO.'S LIST.
RECENT VERSE.
PARIS AND (ENONE. A Poem.
By LAURENCE BINYON. Crown 8vo, Is.
net.
A Poem. By
Crown Svo, 3s. Qd.
PENTHESILEA.
LAURENCE BINYON.
net.
"A poem such as Matthew Arnold might have added to
the series of dramatic idylls or brief epics that began and
ended with ' Balder Dead' and ' Sohrab and Rustuni.' "
Guardian.
SIR THOMAS MORE. A Play. By
ARCHIBALD FOX. Crown 8vo, 5s. net.
"Mr. Fox touches the key-note of his character. . ..A good
play is the result." — Saturday Revietr.
"Mr. Fox has a keen eye for the picturesque, and selects
his scenes with discrimination and a sense of the value of
contrast and of variety." — Morning Post.
"The action is thoroughly dramatic, and the verse
Tigorous, and sometimes noble. The character of More is
excellently drawn." — Scotsman.
THE SMITHY. A Drama. By
ROBERT SOUTH, LL.B., Author of 'The
Divine Aretino, and other Plays,' &c. Crown
8vo, os. net.
"The characterization is excellent, while the treatment
is both original and powerful." — Athenteum.
A ROBIN'S SONG, and other Verses.
By MARY SCOTT. Crown 8vo, 2s. 6rf. net.
Mr. Frederic Harrison writes:— "Let me tell you
how deeply I have enjoyed your verses and how greatly I
admire your gift. These lyrics are a great ileal more than
graceful and fanciful. Frankly, I am certain that no more
beautiful sonnets are now produced, even in this age of
excellent poetry."
THE WORKS OF RALPH WALDO
EMERSON. 12 vols, large post 8vo, 6s. net
per vol. Centenary Edition. With Introduc-
tion by the Editor, EDWARD WALDO
EMERSON, who has given a fresh and autho-
ritative account of his father's life and work.
HENRY DAVID THOREAU.
Riverside Edition in 1 1 vols. Crown 8vo, gilt
top, 6s. each.
AMERICAN MEN OF LETTERS.
A Series of Biographies of Eminent American
Authors. Fcap. 8vo, gilt top, Portraits, 4*. 6d.
net each.
AMERICAN STATESMEN. A
Series of Biographies of Men Famous in the
Political History of tho United States. Edited
by JOHN T. MORSE, Jun. Fcap. 8vo, gilt
top, 4s. Qd. net each.
AMERICAN COMMONWEALTHS.
A Series of Histories of the Representative
Commonwealths of the United States. With
Maps and Indexes. Fcap. 8vo, gilt top, 4s. 6d.
net each.
AN ENGLISH GARNER. Ingather-
ings from our History and Literature. Edited
by Prof. EDWARD ARBER. A New
Edition, Rearranged in Classified Form in
12 vols. With Introductions written by
Experts on their Subjects and Scholars of
their Special Periods, including G. A.
AITKEN, C. RAYMOND BEAZLEY, A. H
BULLEN, CHURTON COLLINS, C. H
FIRTH, ANDREW LANG, SIDNEY LEE
A. F. POLLARD, and ALFRED W. POL-
LARD. Demy 8vo, 4*. net per vol. (Sold
separately or in Sets. )
TO BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY NEXT.
RENASCENCE PORTRAITS.
By PAUL VAN DYKE, D.D.
Illustrated with Portraits in Photogravure. Demy 8vo,
10,s\ dd. net
Studies of Pietro Aretino, Thomas Cromwell, and
Maximilian I.
ALEXANDER HAMILTON.
By FREDERICK SCOTT OLIYER.
Illustrated with Portraits. Demy Svo, 12*. 6d. net.
This study of the great American Federalist and his work
is divided into the following sections:— I. The Inde-
pendence of the States. II. The Union of the States.
III. The Federalists. IV. The Democrats. V. Politicians.
VI. Conclusion.
A SHORT HISTORY OF
ITALY (476-1900).
By HENRY DWIGHT SEDGWICK.
With Map. Demy 8vo, 8#. 6d.
THE
ENGLAND AND HOLLAND
OF THE PILGRIMS.
By the late HENRY MARTYN DEXTER, D.D.
LL.D, and his Son, MORTON DEXTER.
Illustrated, demy 8vo, 15s. net.
THE RELIGION OF ALL
GOOD MEN,
And other Studies in Christian Ethics.
By H. W. GARROD,
Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. Extra crown 8vo, 5s. net.
CITIES OF PAUL:
Beacons of the Past Rekindled by the Present.
By WILLIAM BURNET WRIGHT,
Author of ' Ancient Cities from the Dawn to the Daylight.'
Crown 8vo, 4s. 6rf. net.
EMMA, LADY HAMILTON. By Walter SicHF.r..
With a Coloured Portrait and numerous other Illustra-
tions. Demy Svo, 21*. net. [Fourth Impression.
THE DEVELOPMENT OP THE EUROPEAN
NATIONS, 1870-1900. By J. Holland Rose, Litt.D.
With Maps and Plans. Demy 8vo, 18s. net*
[Second Impression.
CONTEMPORARY PRANCE. By Gaiwikt.
Hanotuv. Translated from the French. In 4 vol*
With Portraits. Vols. I. (1870-1873) and II. (1S73-1875)
now ready. Demy Svo, IS*, net per Volume,
SOME FAMOUS WOMEN OP WIT AND
BEAUTY. By John Fyvik. Illustrated with Por-
traits. Demy Svo, 12#. (kt. net, [Third Impression.
THE LIFE OF MOLIERE. By Henry M. Trot.-
t.ope. With 2 Photogravure Portraits. Demy 8vo,
16»\ net.
MICHAEL DRAYTON. By Oliver Elton. With a
Bibliography and Illustrations. Crown 8vo, <»'. net.
ON TEN PLAYS OP SHAKESPEARE. By
STOPKOUD A. Brooke, M.A. LL.D. Demy 8vo, 7s. 6rf.
,iet. [Second Ifmpnmion.
ARCHBISHOP LAUD AND PRIESTLY
OOYKBNMENT. By Henry Bell. With Photo-
gravure Frontispiece. Demy Svo, 10V. Gil. net.
LORD GEORGE BENTINCK. By Benjamin
Disraeli. Wit h an Introduction 1>\- Charles Win iilky
Demy 8vo, G*. net.
BURPORD PAPERS. By Willi a* Hoi.pen Hi tton,
B.D. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 7s. (Ui. net.
DAYS OP THE PAST. By Alexander Innes
Shaxd. Demy Svo, 12". <W. net.
NEW
SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
MR. JOHN STR00D.
By PERCY WHITE,
Author of ' Park Lane ' and ' The West End.'
[Are,r< weeiv
THE WHEEL OF LIFE.
By ELLEN GLASGOW,
Author of ' The Deliverance,' &e.
THE SHADOW OF LIFE.
By ANNE DOUGLAS SEDGWICK,
Author of 'The Paths of Judgment,' &c.
" Delicate as is the poise of the tale, Miss
Sedgwick's structure has a firm base in the figure
of her heroine. Miss Sedgwick works on a high
plane."' — Times.
CURAYL.
By UNA L. SILBERRAD,
Author of ' The Success of Mark Wyngate,'
' Petronilla Heroven,' ' The Wedding of the Lady
Lovell,' &c.
" Any one who has read much contemporary
feminine fiction will understand the greatness of
the author's achievement The book has a
curious charm. I put it down with an unstinted
admiration for its technique and the naturalness
of its dialogue, with a strong desire to read it
again at once." — Punch.
THE HEALERS.
By MAARTEN MAARTENS,
Author of ' Dorothea,' Ac.
"A story which maybe looked upon as a remark-
able tour deforce The reading of his book is a
constant pleasure. ' The Healers ' will surely help
further to heighten his reputation as a writer of
serious fiction." — Daily Telegraph.
A YOUNG MAN IN A
HURRY,
and other Stories.
By ROBERT W. CHAMBERS,
Author of ' Tho Maid at Arms,' ' The Reckoning,'
&c. Illustrated.
" Fresh and stirring."'— Manchester Guardian.
PETER AND ALEXIS.
By DMITRI MEREJKOWSKT,
Autlu r oi ' The Death of the G<xls,' The
Forerunner,' &c.
"This extraordinarily powerful novel is oppor-
tune, not only in its sketches of the unchanged,
if not unchangeable Russian peasant, but also in
its picture of tho luckless Alexis, , .t whom tha
present Osar seems the i\vi\lnr."— -Truth.
"A most impressive work. " — Pali Mail Ga:t'te,
"This remarkable lw>ok." — Academy,
" A truly remarkable novel." — Outlook,
NEW SPRING LIST AND PROSPECTUS NOW READY.
ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & CO, Limited, 16, James Street, Hay market, S.W.
400
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4092, March 31, 1906
.fftaga^ims, &c.
rp H K MONTHLY R E V I E W.
F.di«-d by CHARLES HANBURYWILLIAM8.
APRIL. 2*. 8d, net.
DKKAXI AMI 1DF.AL Norman Gale.
Mil. MORLEY. Algernon Cecil.
THH OLD rOBD. Alfred W. Rees.
TIIK MORAL CRISIS. F. Carrel.
THE ESSK.NTIAL FACTOR OF PROGRESS. 0. W. Saleeby, M.D.
I' It.S.Kdin.
ROMAN CATHOLICS AND JOURNALISM. Basil Tocer.
THK CANALS COMMISSION. Cniuhart A. Forbes.
-COVENTRY PATMORE: SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES. WITH
SOME UNPUBLISHED LETTER8. Arthur Symons.
THK BLOOD RELATIONSHIP OF MAN AND APES. Paul
Uhlenhuth.
MARRIAUE IN THE EAST AND IN THE WEST. Flora Annie
Steel.
DO OIK GIRLS TAKE AN INTEREST IN LITERATURE? THE
OTHER SIDE OF THE QUESTION. Murwirita Yates.
PI. A XT-GROWING WITH ARTIFICIAL LIGHT. 8. Leonard
Boutin.
ON THE LINE.
THE FACE OF CLAY'. Chaps. 14, 13. Horace Annesley Vachell.
JOHN MURRAY. Albemarle 6treet, W.
T
HE CONTEMPORARY
REVIEW. APRIL 2*. 6d.
1. THB NEW GOVERNMENT AND ITS PROBLEMS. By J. A.
Spender.
I. RELIGIOUS EVENTS IN FRANCE. By Testis.
3. THE MARQUIS 8AIONJI. By J. Takegoshi, MP.
4. THE NEW ARISTOCRACY OF MR. WELLS. By J. A. Hobson.
5. DIRECTION FOR POPULAR READERS. By Ernest A. Baker.
8. THE FRANCO-GERMAN FRONTIER. By Demetrius C. Boulger.
7. ARCH.EOLOGY AND CRITICISM. By W. H. Bennett, D.D.
Litt.D.
8. THE TRUTH ABOUT THE MONASTERIES. By G. G. Coulton.
9. NIKAOLl ANDRE YEVITCH RIMSKI KORSSAKOV. By A. E.
Keeton.
10. THE LIMITATIONS OF NAPOLEONS GENIUS. By J.
Holland Rose, Litt.D.
II. THE CATHOLIC THREAT OF PASSIVE RESISTANCE. By
P. T. Forsyth, D.D.
12. DRAMATIC FORM AND SUBSTANCE. By Philip Littell.
IS. FOREIGN AFFAIRS. By Dr. E. J. Dillon.
HORACE MARSHALL k SON.
T
HE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND AFTER,
No. 350. APRIL
THE FUTURE OF ANGLO GERMAN RELATION8: a Reply to
Lord Avcbury. By J. Ellis Barker.
IS THE BRITISH EMPIRE SAFE? A Note on National Service.
By Sir Robert Giffen, K.C.B.
PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE:
<!l By Thomas Burt, M.P.
W By Frederic Harrison.
ENLARGEMENT OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, with Plan and
View. By the late Charles Barry, F.R.S. F.R.I.B.A.
WANTED! AN END TO POLITICAL PATRONAGE. By J.
Henniker Heaton, M.P.
CHINESE LABOUR IN THE TRANSVAAL: a Justification. By
Sir William Des Vocux, G.C.M.G.
THE CHINESE ARMY. By the Rev. E. J. Hardy, late Chaplain to
H.M. Forces, Hong Kong.
ADMIRALTY POLICY AND THE NEW NAVAL ESTIMATES.
By Sir William H. White, K.C.B. , late Director of Naval Con-
struction.
MY GRANDFATHER'S REMINISCENCES OF ETON. By the
Right Hon. Lord Monson.
SOME RECENT BOOKS. By Walter Frewcn Lord.
THE PAPAL ATTACK ON FRANCE. By Robert Dell.
THE NEW FIRE-PROTECTION FOR LONDON. By A. Maryen
Watson, A.R.I.B.A.
The INSULARITY of the ENGLISH: a Colonial View. By Arthur
H. Adams.
EDUCATION FOR COUNTRY CHILDREN. By R. G. Wilberforce.
The GOVERNMENT and the EMPIRE. By the Right Hon. Sir
Herbert Maxwell, Bart.
THE POLITICAL SITUATION. By Herbert Paul, M.P.
London: 8POTTISWOODE & CO., Ltd., 6, New Street Square.
rpHE CLERGY LIST
F O 19 0 6.
THOROUGHLY REVISED AND CORRECTED
TO THE LATEST DATE.
Price 12s. Qd.
NOW READY.
The Tiinea says :— " The ftlrd issue of Kelly's ' Clergv List ' for 1905
k well up to the standard of this very useful handbook.1'
The Atlunctum says:— "The 'Clergy Lift' for 1905 (Kellv's
Directories! is an admirably complete and accurate record. We
congratulate Messrs. Kelly on the organization which enables them
to make their various liooks of reference so complete and trust-
worthy."
The World says:— "The 'Clergy List' for 1905 maintains its
reputation. "
Truth says:— "The new edition of Kelly's "Clergy List,' just to hand,
■ mokes mi invaluable addition to my liooks of reference. During the
ye.tr I nin frequently indebted to this publication for the complete-
nc>s. tin- accuracy, and the admirable arrangement of its informa-
tion."
ESTABLISHED OVER SIXTY YEARS.
London :
KELLY'S DIRECTORIES, Limitkd. 182 184, High Holbom.
NEW NOVEL BY S. R. CROCKETT.
NOW READY
S. R. CROCKETT'S New Novel Kid McGhie.
Gilt top, 400 pp. 6«. 4 Illustrations.
S. R. CROCKETT'S New Novel Kid McGhie.
Gilt top, 400 pp. 6«. 4 Illustrations.
London
JAMES CLARKE & CO. 13 and 14, Fleet Street, E.C.
And of all Bookseller*.
SEELEY & COS NEW BOOKS.
THIRD EDITION IN PREPARATION.
THE MAKING OF
MODERN EGYPT.
By Sir AUCKLAND COLVIN, K.C.S.L
Late Lieutenant-Governor of theN.W. Provinces and Oudh,
and Comptroller-General in Egypt.
With Portraits and a Map, demy 8vo, cloth, 18«. net.
" Sir Auckland Colvin knows all that there is to be known
on 'The Making of Modern Egypt.' The author's literary
ability is conspicuous in passages descriptive of the leading
persons of his story." — Athenceum.
" No more fascinating chapter is to be found in the stories
of the nations than that which deals with ' The Making of
Modern Egypt.' A most readable and instructive book."
Daily Telegraph.
TWO YEARS AMONG
NEW GUINEA CANNIBALS.
By A. E. PRATT.
With 54 Illustrations and a Map. Demy 8vo, 16s. net.
" Few more fascinating books of travel have made their
appearance for a long time." — Yorkshire Observer.
" Many excellent illustrations give additional value to a
travel record which in its lucid description of new scenes,
strange people, and rich naturalist rewards is atttractive
throughout. " — Ma nchester Courier.
THE MINIATURE PORTFOLIO MONOGRAPHS.
16mo, with many Illustrations.
Cloth, 2s. net ; leather, 3*. net.
THE NEW FOREST. By C. J. Cornish,
Author of ' Life at the Zoo,' &c,.
GAINSBOROUGH By Sib Walter
ARMSTRONG. Director uf the National Gallery of
Ireland.
*«* Other Volumes to follow.
SEELErS ILLUSTRATED POCKET LIBRARY.
Cloth 2s. net ; also in lambskin, 3*". net
NEW VOLUME.
CAMBRIDGE. By J. W. Clark, M.A. F.S.A.,
Registrary of Cambridge University. With many
Illustrations.
SEELEY & CO. Ltd. 38, Great Russell Street, W.C.
THE BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine Street,
London, W.C, MARCH 31, contains :—
Charterhouse (History and Illustrations) ; Electricity Meters -. The
National Physical Laboratory; Exhibition of Ancient Art of the
Marches at Maoerata ; Loudon Clubs of the Last Century (Architec-
tural Association!; Means of Locomotion in London (Surveyors' Insti-
tution*; A New Move in the Architectural Profession; Mathematical
Data for Architects (Student's Column) ; 4c— From Office as above
lid. ; by post 4)d.), or through any Newsagent.
ABOUT 2,000 BOOKS WANTED are advertised
for weekly in THE PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR AND BOOK-
BELLERB' RECORD (established 1837), which also gives Lists of tho
New itooks published during the week, Announcement! of New
Hooks, &c. KuliscrilK-TS have the privilege of a Free Advertisement
for Four Itooks Wanted Weekly. Sent for S3 weeks, jmst free, for
8*. 0d Home and lis. Foreign Subscription. Price Three- Half pence
Weekly.— Office : St. Dunstan's House. Fetter Line, London.
T
EACHERS' SCRIPTURAL LIBRARY.
Price Sixpence each net.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
1. BRIEF LESSONS ON THE PARABLES AND
MIRACLES OF OUR LORD. The First Part contains short
Expositions of the Parables, arranged according to Date : in the
Second, the Miracles are treated under the beads of the Regions
in which they were wrought. With Two Illustrations.
2. EMINENT SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS:
a Series of Biographical studies in the old and New Testaments,
Illustrated by Six Views of Biblical Scenes, w hi.-h will, it is hoped,
lie found useful to all who are interested in the study of the Holy
Scripture.
Published by STONEMAN, 29, Paternoster Square, E.C.
N
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF
THE RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE.
OTES and QUERIi:
for DECEMBER 10 and 24, 1892, and JANUARY 7 and 21. 189J,
CONTAINS A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MR. GLADSTONE.
Price of the Four Numbers, Is. 4d. ; or free by post, Is. Gd.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCOS
JVoles and Qutrita Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane. I
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN DISRAELI,
EARL OF BEACONSFIELD, 1820-1892.
■VT O T E 8 and QUERIES
J.1 for APRIL 29, MAY 13, 27, JUNE 10, 24, and JULY B,
Contains a
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE EARL OF BEACONSFIEI.I >.
This includes KEYS to 'VIVIAN GREY,'
•CONINGSBY,' 'LOTHAIR,' and ENDYMION.'
Price of the Six Numbers, 3s. ; or free by post, £s. 3d.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
NoUt and <jnerit4 Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, K.i '.
For Acidity of the Stomach.
For Heartburn and Headache.
For Gout and Indigestion.
D
INNEFORD'S
M
A G N E S I A.
For Sour Eructations and Bilious Affections
A.Safe and most effective Aperient for
regular use.
Insurant* Companies.
ATORWICH UNION FIRE OFFICE.
J_> Founded 1797.
HEAD OFFICE: NORWICH.
CHIEF / 80, Fleet Street, E.C.
LONDON OFFICES \ 71, 72, King William Street, EX.
Claims Paid £19,042,000
Applications for Agencies invited.
RATIONAL PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION
FOR
MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE.
Estab. 1835.
ASSURANCE AND INVESTMENT.
Write for Leaflet ou
NET COST OF ENDOWMENT ASSURANCES.
4S, GRACKCIimCH STREET, LONDON, E.C.
ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS, SICKNESS,*:
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, BURGLARY, AND
FIDELITY GUARANTEE RISKS
INSURED AGAINST BY THE
-DAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
^-*' Capitol (fully subscribed) £1.000.<KK>. Claims paid fs.ftnri.aoo.
64, CORNHJLL LONDON.
A. VIAN, Secretary
N°4092, March 31, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
407
DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.,
CAMBRIDGE.
Demy Svo, cloth, 7s. 6d. net.
PETRONII CENA
TRIMALCHIONIS.
Edited, with Critical and Explanatory Notes, and
Translated
ByW. D. LOWE, M.A.,
Pembroke College, Cambridge ; Junior Censor,
University College, Durham.
" This edition has been prepared to enable readers of
Latin authors to realize first-hand for themselves the
ordinary conditions of social life under the Empire, as
depicted by the Arbiter Elegantia? himself."— Preface.
" By far the best part of the novel of Petronius is the
banquet of Trimalchio, where we have a precious sketch,
unique in Latin literature, of society under the Roman
decadence .... Mr. Lowe's scholarly edition and translation
of a work not hitherto edited in England."
Prof. B. Y. Tyrrell in the Academy.
" It will prove invaluable to students struggling unaided
with the Latin language. The notes are copious and
scholarly, and the translation is admirably adapted to its
advertised purpose."— Publisher and Bookseller.
" For the scholar the original text is beautifully printed
by the Cambridge Press. The foot-notes are useful and
very full, occupying half the book. There is an adequate
introduction, an index of proper names, and another of
subject-matter."— Publishers' Circular.
"A book to which we offer a warm welcome."
Oxford Magazine.
"The translation is, we are glad to find, not tied down
by pedantic literalness, and should give ordinary readers
an excellent idea of the freedom and naturalness of
Petronius. The indexes are another good feature."
Athemeum.
FIFTH THOUSAND, REVISED, with 2 Photogravure
Plates, crown 8vo, cloth, (ft.
THE RISEN MASTER.
A Sequel to ' Pastor Pastornm,'
By HENRY LATHAM, M.A.,
Late Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
TWELFTH THOUSAND, crown 8vo, 6s. 6d.
PASTOR PASTORUM ;
Or, the Schooling of the Apostles by Our Lord.
FOURTH THOUSAND, crown 8vo, 3s. 6d.
A SERVICE OF ANGELS.
NOW READY, crown 4to, cloth, 12*. net.
THE PSALMS IN THREE
COLLECTIONS.
Translated, with Notes, by E. G. KING, D.D.
Also in Three Parts, sewed.
FIRST COLLECTION, PSALMS L-XLI., 6*.
SECOND COLLECTION, PSALMS XLII.-LXXXIX.. 6
THIRD COLLECTION, PSALMS XC.-CL, 5*.
Demy Svo, sewed, with 4 Figures, Is. Gd. net.
PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT
OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.
By P. W. LATHAM, M.D.,
Fellow and late Senior Censor of the Royal College of
Physicians of London ; Downing Professor of Medicine,
Cambridge, 1874-1894 ; Consulting Physician to Adden-
brooke's Hospital, Cambridge; and formerly Assistant
Physician to the Westminster Hospital.
MY
PRETTY JANE;
Or, Judy and I.
By
. ALFRED PRETOR,
Fellow of St. Catherine's Coll., Cambridge, Author of
'Ronald and I,' &c.
With Illustration* of Judy, Judy's Playground, and
Judy's Grave, 'is. 0d.
"The author is a firm believer in the re-existence of
animals." — Weekly Journal.
"The telling is absolutely out of the common. Mr.
Pretor has touched it with an artist's pen, and thrown the
halo of a glorious prose about it. It is long since we had
■o great a treat. Our readers will do well to get it at
anct."—Srith Times.
Cambridge: DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.
London: GEORGE BELL & SONS.
SMITH, ELDER &
NEW BOOKS.
CO.'S
A NEW NOYEL BT
MR. AND MRS. EGERTON CASTLE.
On APRIL 2, with 20 Illustrations by Mr. LANCELOT
SPEED, crown 8vo, 6s.
IF YOUTH
BUT KNEW.
BY THE SAME A UTHORS.
ROSE OF THE WORLD.
SEVENTH IMPRESSION. Crown Svo, 6s.
ACADEM Y.— "Perhaps the finest book Mr. and Mrs.
Egerton Castle have as yet produced— daring, original,
moving."
TWO NEW 6s. NOVEL8.
MR. BAXTER,
SPORTSMAN.
By CHARLES FIELDING MARSH,
Author of ' God's Scholars.'
OLD MR. LOVELACE:
A Sketch in Four Parts.
By CHRISTIAN TEARLE,
Author of 'The Vice-Chancellor's Ward,' &c.
DICK:
A Story without a Plot.
By G. F. BRADBY. Crown Svo, 3s. 6<L
SECOND IMPRESSION SELLING RAPIDLY.
TIMES.— "Those who do not laugh at 'Dick: a Story
without a Plot,' must be hopeless agelasts."
THE VICTORIAN
CHANCELLORS. Vol. I.
By J. B. ATLAY,
Barrister-at-Law, Author of 'Sir Henry Wentworth Acland,
Bart., K.C.B. F.R.S. : a Memoir," &c.
With 7 Portrait Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 14s. net.
SKETCH.— "There is always something very 'fruity'
about legal stories — Mr. Atlay has long been known for
his interest in what may be called the human side of Law
and lawyers."
%* The Work will be completed in a Second Volume.
ELIZABETH BARRETT
BROWNING in her LETTERS.
By PERCY LUBBOCK.
With a Portrait. Crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. net.
TRIBUNE.—" The editor has done his work welL The
selection of letters is judiciously made, nothing essential
for limning a portrait of the woman being omitted."
SEVENTY YEARS*
FISHING.
By CHARLES GEORGE BARRINGTON, C.B.,
Formerly Assistant Secretary to the Treasury.
With a Frontispiece. Small demy 8vo, 10s. 6d. net.
[ Just published.
WITH MOUNTED
INFANTRY IN TIBET.
By Brevet-Major W. J. OTTLEY,
34th Sikh Pioneers.
With 48 pages of Illustrations. Small demy 8vo,
10s.6d.net. [Just published.
London :
SMITH, ELDER & CO. 15, Waterloo Place, S.W.
MESSRS. LONGMANS & CO.'S LIST,
♦ •
NEW NOVEL
BY MRS. WILFRID WARD.
OUT OF DUE TIME.
By Mrs. WILFRID WARD.
Crown 8vo, 6*.
[On Monday next.
This novel deals with a question which at
present agitates thinking minds in all religions-
commtinions — namely, the reconciliation of
Christian theology with the results of the
positive sciences.
PLANT RESPONSE AS A MEANS
OF PHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION. By
JAGADIS CHUNDER BOSE, CLE. M.A.Cantab.
D.Sc.Lond., Professor Presidency College, Calcutta,
Author of ' Response in the Living and Non-Living '
With Illustrations. 8vo, 21s. [On Monday next. '
In this work Prof. Bose shows through an
extended series of observations that there is no
physiological response given by the highly organized
animal tissue which is not seen a!*o in the plant.
He demonstrates these by means of mechanical
response given by means of even ordinary plants,
usually regarded insensitive. Discarding the theory
of specific sensitiveness, he shows that all the various
movements of plants in response to light are trace-
able to a single fundamental reaction. By hi.<
discovery of the multiple response in plants he
endeavours to show that the autonomous movements
in plants are brought about, by the absorption of
stimulus from external sources.
NOTES FROM NATURE'S
GARDEN. By FRANCES A. BARDSWELL. With
32 Illustrations from Photographs. Svo, 6*. W. net.
" These essays are excellently written and full of pleasant
country glimpses. Their author has no mean gift of de-
scriptive writing, and such efforts as ' Wayside Gold '
'Blackberry Lane,' 'The Railway Cutting,' and 'still
October,' are touched with inspiration fine as that of
Richard Jefferies — A splendid series of photographic
studies graces the pages."— Daily Express.
NATURE KNOWLEDGE IN
MODERN POETRY: being Chapters on Tennvson,
Wordsworth, Matthew Arnold, and Lowell as" Ex-
ponents of Nature Study. By ALEXANDER
MACKIE, M.A. Crown 8vo, is. 6d. net.
"Possibly the same audience which was enthusiastic
over Jefferies will also welcome this little book of essays.
Spectator,
A most charming book, replete with knowledge of the
poets and of nature, and admirably written."
Aberdeen Daily Journal.
AT THE GATES OF THE EASTr
a. Book of Travel among Historic Wonderlands Bv
Lieut. -Colonel J. P. BARRY, A.B. M.B. (Trinity
College, Dublin), His Majesty's Indian Medical Service
With S3 Illustrations. 8vo, 6*. net.
CAPITALS OF EASTERN EUROPE— THE CAPITAL
OF EGYPT— SOUTHERN GREECE— THE EASTERN
ADRIATIC-THE WESTERN BALKANS.
" A capital book, at once practical and 'aesthetic'
His book is well illustrated from photographs and makes-
excellent reading."— Academy.
" Lieut. -Col. Barry looks upon travel as. an art. His book
is a recollection of impressions gathiered at first hand, and
set forth with earnestness and force The closing "hmpfrnT
is one on ways and means, and in it the writer pive-< many
useful hints to those who have the money and the leisure u>
avail themselves of the manv glories of the Near East. The
charm of the book is greatly enhanced by beautiful
illustrations, "— Scntxwa n.
FUR, FEATHER, AND FIN SERIES.
Edited by A. E. T. WATSOX.
THE FOX.
By THOMAS F. DALE,
Joint Author of 'Polo' in the " Badminton Library."
With 8 Illustrations by ARCHIBALD THORIU'K
and Q. D. GILES.
Crown ?vo, cloth, .rv. ; half-lnmnd leather, gilt top, 7*. (W.
net; Large-Paper Edition, L6f, net.
LONGMANS, GREEN k CO.
.10, PaterntMtN Row, London, E.C.
408
THE ATHEN^UM
N°4092, March 31, 1906
ROUTLEDGE'S NEW
UNIVERSAL LIBRARY.
I'ott Sro, olire yrttit cloth f.ctra,jttll yilt back, Is. net ; dice grtt/t
lambskin, gilt, yilt top*, silk register, 2s. nej
I'rinttd/rom accurate texts, entirely unabridged, and where >'<<< tsary aiutotatt.il and indexed.
Volumes marked tcith an asterisk (*) can al*o In obtained in
, ( -1/111 blue huthtr, yilt top, fill: rtyi-tt r. Is 6(j. ml tacit.
"'ni>' 'New Universal Library' deserves success, and will surely attain lt»" — AtheiUBUM,
"IWfl interesting series will not be less valuable to the modern reader fin representing the intellectual development of
.he middle of the last century. . . Warmly to he recommended. " — Notes ami Queries.
" Messrs. Routledge deserve warm commendation for the sound choice of the subjects. . . .These volumes are strongly
■bound, tasteful in appearance, and easily carried in the pocket," — Bookman.
" It may be credited to the Bouttsdma that they have not gone upon the usual lines in the production of fresh
volumes for the shilling series." — C. K. S. in the Sphere.
" This remarkably cheap and comprehensive series is well worth the attention of all students of great literature."
World.
Adamnan.— Life of Saint Columba.
.ffisop.— Fables. Trans, by (1. F. Townsend.
Andersen— Fairy Tales.
'Aristotle.— Ethics. Translated by Chase.
Arnold (Matthew).— On Translating Homer.
Bacon.— Essays.
Novum Organum.
Barham.— The Ingoldsby Legends.
Bates.— Naturalist on the Amazons.
Boethius.— Consolations of Philosophy. Trans
la ted by James.
'Borrow.— Bible in Spain.
* Lavengro.
Romany Rye.
■ The Zincali.
Brimley.— Essays. Edited by W. G.Clark, M. A.
Brown.— Horas Subsecivae. Series I.
Browne (Sir T.).-Religio Medici and Urn-
BURIAL.
"Browning (Robert).— Poems.
*Bulfinch— The Age of Fable.
*Bunyan.— The Pilgrim's Progress.
Burke.— Thoughts onthePresentDiscontents.
'Carlyle.— Heroes and Hero Worship.
* Sartor Resartus.
*Church (Dean R. W.).— Dante, Anselm, and
other Essay*.
Coleridge— Aids to Reflection.
Creasy.— FifteenDecisiveBattlesofthe World.
Darwin.— Voyage of a Naturalist.
*De Quincey — English Opium-Eater.
"Emerson.— Essays.
Fraser (Sir William).— Words on Wellington.
*Froude— Dissolution of the Monasteries, &c.
'Gaskell (Mrs.).-Life of Charlotte Bronte.
* Sylvia's Lovers.
* Cranford.
Gatty.— Parables from Nature.
•Golden Treasury of American Songs and
LYRICS-
Goldsmith.— Citizen of the World.
Grimm.— Fairy Tales.
*Hare.— Guesses at Truth.
Harris.— Uncle Remus.
Nights with Gncle Remus.
Harte (Bret).-The Luck of Roaring Camp.
Hawthorne.— The Scarlet Letter.
Hobbes.— Leviathan.
"Holmes— Autocrat of the Breakfast Table.
Poet at the Breakfast Table.
* Professor at the Breakfast Table.
■ — Eisie Venner.
Hughes.— Tom Brown's School Days.
■ — Tom Brown at Oxford.
'Victor Hugo.— William Shakespeare.
•Jeffrey. — Essays from 'The Edinburgh
REVIEW.' I. ENGLISH POETS AND POETRY.
Johnson.— Rasselas.
*A Kempis.— Imitation of Christ. Translated
by BKNHAM.
Kinglake.— Eothen.
*Lamb— Essays of Elia.
*Landor. — Imaginary Conversations. I.
CLASSICAL DIALOGUES. IL DIALOGUES
SOVEREIGNS AND STATESMEN.
OF
Translated by James
Translated by Sir R.
'Leopardi.— Dialogues.
THOMSON.
'Lessing.— Laocoon.
PHILLIMORB.
"Lowell.— My Study Windows.
Macaulay.— History of England, o vols.
Historical Essays.
* Literary Essays.
Mackenzie.— The Man of Feeling, &c.
Maine.— Ancient Law.
Mill.— Dissertations and Discussions. I.
- — - Representative Government.
On Liberty.
- — Utilitarianism.
Morris (Sir Lewis).— Poems. Authorized
Selection.
"Palgrave— Golden Treasury of Songs and
LYRICS.
"Peacock.— Novels. 2 vols.
"Poe.— Tales of Mystery and Imagination.
Reade (Charles).— Hard Cash.
*Reynolds (Sir Joshua).— Discourses to Art
STUDENTS.
•Shakespeare.— Works. In 6 vols.
Smith (Alex.). — Dreamthorp : Country
Essays.
•Spectator (The). Edited by G. A. Aitken.
6 vols.
Sterne.— A Sentimental Journey.
Swift.— Journal to Stella.
Sybel.— History and Literature of the
CRUSADES.
"Tennyson.— Poems.
Trelawny.— Records of Shelley, Byron, and
THE AUTHOR.
"Tyndall.-The Glaciers of the Alps.
Whyte-Melville — The Gladiators.
Whitman (Walt).— Democratic Vistas.
* Specimen Days.
Wood (Mrs. Henry).— The Channings.
East Lynne.
LIBRARY
OF HI3TORICAL LITERATURE.
Lmrgt kfo, dark green buckram, gilt, red morocco
Ubels, 5b. net each.
NEW VOUME Jl'ST Oil.
Josepbus — Works. Translated by YVu.
WHIMTOM, and Ediu-d, with Introduction and Notes,
by 1). & MARdOLIOt ill, Litt D. xxviii <>JU pp.
"Will derive < imi-idt-ralile instruction from Dr. Mar-
goliouth's notes and from Ml introduction, which is a
model of coinpresMon, and is written iu an interesting
style."— Tribune.
PREVIOUS VOLUMES.
Buckle's History of Civilization. Edited, with
all the Author'* Notes, by JOHN M. B0BE8T80H,
with Additional Notes, Index, and Introduction.
904 pp.
Bacon's Philosophical Works. With the Essays,
New Atlantis, Ac. Containing all the Original Notes
of J. SI'EDDING and R. L. ELLIS. The whole Edited,
with Additional Notes and an Introduction and Index,
by JOHN M. ROBERTSON. &M pp.
Ranke's History of the Reformation in
GERMANY. Translated, with the Author's Kates, By
SARAH AUSTIN. Edited, with Additional Notes
and an Introduction, by R. A. JOHNSON, M.A., and a
copious Index. 816 pp.
Carlyle's History of the French Revolution.
808 pp., with 32 tine Portraits and Plates.
Pepys' Diary. With the Notes b\' Lord
BRAYBROOKE. A Verbatim Reprint of the Edition
of 1848-9. With a copious Index. 900 pp.
Evelyn's Diary and Correspondence. With
Notes by YV. BRAY, and copious Index. 000 pp.
Grammont.— Memoirs. Edited by Sir Walter
SCOTT.
IMMEDIATELY.
Sismondi's Italian Republics. Translated and
Edited by Dr. VV. BOULTING.
Macaulay's History of England. Edited, with
Notes, by T. F. HENDERSON, MA.
ENGLISH LIBRARY.
Fcap. Sco, blue cloth, yilt, gilt lops, 2s. 6d. tack.
NEW VOLUME JUST OUT.
How to Read English Literature : Chaucer to
MILTON. By LAURIE MAGNUS, M.A.
" Pleasant to read, accurate in substance, and sound in
judgment He is a sure and sympathetic guide."
Mr. Hekhekt Pah., MP., in the Tribune.
" The excellence of the little book is maintained right to
the end."— Education.
PREVIOUS VOLUMES.
The Folk and their Word -Lore. An Essay
on Popular Etymologies. ByDr. A. SMYTHE PALM BR.
On the Study of Words. By Archbishop R. C.
TKENCH. AVith Notes and Index by Dr. A. SMYTHE
PALMER.
English Past and Present. By Archbishop
TRENCH. With Notes and Index by Dr. A. SMYTH E
PALMER.
Proverbs and their Lessons. By Archbishop
TRENCH. With Notes. Bibliography, and Index by
Dr. A. SMYTHE PALMER.
Punctuation : its Principles and Practice. By
T. F. HUSBAND, MA.
IMMEDIATELY.
Documents Illustrating Elizabethan Poetry.
By Sir PHILIP SIDNEY, R. PETTENHAM, and
W. WJBBBE. Edited by LAURIE MAGNUS, MA.
A Select Glossary. By Archbishop Trf.mm.
Edited by Di. A SMYTHE PALMER.
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, Limited, Broadway House, E.C.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to "THE EDITOR"— Advertisements and Business Letters to "THE PUBLISHERS '—.it the Office. Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
Published Weekly by JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS at Breams Buildings. Chancery Lane. E.C, and Printed by J. EDWARD FRANCIS. Athenaeum Press. Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.0
Agents for Scotland. Messrs. BELL & BRADFL'TE and Mr. JOHN MENZIES, Edinburgh.-Saturday, March SI, 190«.
THE ATHENJ3UM
Imtrnal ti CBngiisb attft Jfinatgn literature %ama, tht $m ^rts, #tostx arti* tlj* Brama*
No. 4093.
SATURDAY, APRIL 7, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
ROYAL LITERARY FUND
(For the Assistance of Authors and their Families).
His Excellency the Hon. WHITELAW REID, American Ambassador,
Will take the Chair
At the 116th ANNIVERSARY,
At the WHITEHALL ROOMS, HOTEL METROPOLE,
On THURSDAY. May 10. at 7 for 7.30 P.M. precisely.
This is the only occasion in the year when an appeal is made to the
Public, anil the Committee earnestly invite donations in aid of the
work of the Fund.
Early replies ihsfore APRIL 301 are respectfully requested from
Ladies and Gentlemen invited to be Stewards. Acceptance of a
Stewardship does not involve any obligation beyond that mentioned
in the invitation, nor does it necessarily entail attendance at the
Dinner. Donations will be gratefully acknowledged by the Secretary,
A. LLEWELYN ROBERTS.
40, Denison House, 298. Vauxhall Bridge Road, S.W.
C
Cfeljtlittiotts.
OROT EXHIBITION.
The Stoats Forbes Collection of 55 Pictures by
COROT and the BARRIZON SCHOOL.
THE LEICESTER GALLERIES. Leicester Square.
OLD BRITISH SCHOOL.— SHEPHERD'S
SPRING EXHIBITION includes choice Landscapes and Por-
traits bv the Masters of the Old British School of Painting.
SHEPHERD'S GALLERY, 27, King Street, St. James's Square.
THE NEW DUDLEY GALLERY, 169,
Piccadilly, W.. is NOW AVAILABLE for EXHIBITIONS of
WORKS of ART, ARTS and CRAFTS. &c. It is on the ground
floor, top-lighted, and in, perhaps, the best position in Europe.—
Artists and Secretaries of Societies should write for vacant dates
and Terms to the SECRETARY, New Dudley Gallery, lii'J, Picca-
dilly, W.
NATIONAL ART COLLECTIONS FUND.
Chairman-LORD BALCARRES, M.P., F.S.A.
Object : The Acquisition of Works of Art for the National Collections.
Minimum Annual Subscription, One Guinea.
Address THE HON. SECRETARIES. National Art-Collections
Fund, 47, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
(Efcttcaticrnal.
WILLASTON SCHOOL, NANTWICH.
IT AN DN8ECTARIAN PUBLIC SCHOOL.
NEXT ENTRANCE and FOUNDATION SCHOLARSHIP EXA-
MINATION. TUESDAY. April 10.
For particulars apply to the HEAD MASTER.
FOLKESTONE. — WOODLANDS PREPARA-
TORY SCHOOL. Individual Teaching.-Rev. H. T. J. COGGIN,
M.A.Cantab., formerly House - Master, University College School,
London.
ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL,
ALBERT EMBANKMENT, S.E.
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.
The SUMMER SESSION will COMMENCE on APRIL 18.
The Hospital occupies one of the finest sites in London, and contains
-602 beds, of which about 540 :trc in constant use.
Entrance and other Scholarships and Prizes ttwenty-eix in Dumber),
of the value of more than SOW., are offered (or competition each year.
Upwards of si\t.v resident and other appointments are open to
students after qualification.
A Students' Club forms part of the Medical School Building*, and
the Athletic Ground, nine acres in extent, situated at Chiswick, can
be reached in forty minutes from the Hospital.
A Prospectus, containing full particulars, may Ik.- obtained from the
■Undersigned.
J. H. FISHER. B.S.Lond.. Dean.
G. Q. Roberts. M.A.Oxon., Sec.
QT. MARY'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL,
O PADDINGTON, W.
(University of London.)
The SUMMER SESSION will BEGIN on APRIL 24.
The Medical School provides complete Courses of Instruction,
PRELIMINARY SCIENTIFIC, INTERMEDIATE and FINAL,
under Recognized Teachers of the University of London, in prepara-
tion for the Medical Degrees of the Universities and for the Diplomas
of the (on, oil, t Board. SIX ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS in
NATURAL SCIENCE, value 145?. to :r21. in... will be COMPETED for
in SEPTEMBER. Students joining in April are eligible.
For Calendar and full particulars apply to the DEAN.
CHURCH EDUCATION CORPORATION.
CHERWELL HALL, OXFORD.
Training College for Women Secondary Teachers. Principal, Miss
CATHERINE I. DODD, MA, late Lecturer in Education at the
University of Manchester.
students are prepared for the Oxford Teacher's Diploma, the
Cambridge Teachers Certificate, the Teacher's Diploma of the
University of London, and the Higher Froebcl Certificate.
Full particulars on application.
TMRMINGHAM and MIDLAND INSTITUTE.
school OF MUSIC.
Visitor-Sir EDWARD ELGAR, MuS.Dcc LI..I).
Principal-GRANVILLE BANTOCK.
Visiting Examiner— FKEDERK K ''ORDER. F.R. \.M.
SESSION 1905-1900.
The Session consists of Autumn Term [September is to Decern
ber 161 : Winter Term January III to April 7' ; Bummer Term April 9
to June 231.
Instruction in all Branches of Music; Students' Choir and orches-
tra; Chamber Music ; Fortnightly Rehearsals; Coi
Prospectus and further information may !»• obtained from
ALFRED H \vi;s Secretary.
GOTH A, GERMANY.— Comfortable and refined
HOME for GIRLS and LADIES, nlso small BOYS, in the
house of Fraulein METZEROTH (Diploma!. 13, Waltershauserstr.,
Gotha. Recommended by first-class English Families. Exceptional
Educational Advantages : Languages, Music, opportunity to learn
German perfectly. Terms, 4(. 10s. per month.
Education:
Parents or Guardia
irdians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for BO\"S or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are united to call uim>ii or send fullv detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GABBITAS, TURING & CO..
who for more than thirty years have beeu closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. THRING, Nephew of the
late Head Master o: Uppingham. 36. Sackvillc Street, London. W.
H
Situations Vacant.
ELES SECONDARY SCHOOL FOR BOYS,
EXETER.
HEAD MASTER.
The GOVERNORS invite applications from Graduates of any
British University for the position of HEAD MASTER of the above
School, the appointment to date from AUGUST 1, 1906. or such earlier
date as the successful Candidate is able to enter upon the duties of
the Office. The emoluments will consist of a House adjoining the
School, with a fixed Salary of 100/. per annum, and a Capitation Fee of
1!. 10s. on each Pupil in the School. The present numbers in attend-
ance are 180.
The School occupies an important position in the educational
system of the City of Exeter, and development is contemplated in the
immediate future so as to make it eligible for recognition under the
Regulations for Secondary Schools of the Board of Education.
Applications i Forms ot which can be obtained of the Clerk) and
Testimonials are to be in my hands not later than APRIL 14.
Canvassing, either directly or indirectly, will be a disqualification.
JOHN E. DAW. Clerk to the Governors.
13. Bedford Circus, Exeter, March 14, 1906.
P S AY I C H
SCHOOL.
HEAD-MASTERSHIP.
The GOVERNORS invite applications for the post of HEAD
MASTER of this SCHOOL, which will be vacant at the end of the
Second Term. 1906. The Master must be a Graduate of some University
in the United Kingdom or the British Possessions. It is not necessary
that he should be in Holy Orders. The following are the emoluments
of the Office :— A fixed yearly Stipend of 700/., a Capitation Fee of :;/. a
Boy on the numtier of Pupils over 100, the use of the School Residence
and Boarding House (forming part of School Buildings! rent free, and
free of rates and taxes (except water supply ; and he will be allowed
to receive Boarders, for which there is accommodation for al>out 40.
The School is capable of providing for alnuit 200 Boys. Present
number, 121. In addition to the ordinary Class-rooms, it possesses
Chemical and Physical Laboratories. Gymnasium, and Swimming
Bath, and a Cricket Field of Six Acres in area.— Applications of
Candidates, with copies of Testimonials .not originals, until asked
for', to be forwarded, on or before the I5th day of MAY NEXT, to
the undersigned, of whom further particulars and information can
be procured. No canvassing |ienuitted.
S. A. NOTi'l'TT. Solicitor, Clerk to the Governors.
9. Museum Street, Ipswich, April 2, 1906.
T
HE UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS.
The COUNCIL invite applications for the apiioiiitiiient of
ASSISTANT LECTURER in FRENCH, which will become vacant
on OCTOBER 1, 1906. Salary 200/. Preference will be given to a
University Graduate speaking French and English, and with 8
knowledge of French Literature and Romance Philology.— Copy of
the Prospectus in Arts, showing the present classes in French, may
be obtained from the REGISTRAR, by whom applications for the
appointment will be received op to APRIL :io.
ROYAL HOLLO WAY COLLEGE,
ENGLEFIELD GREEN. SURREY.
The Governors will shortly appoint a Lady as the Senior Staff
Lecturer in GERMAN, who will be expected t<> come into residence
In October.— Applications should be sent by APRIL 19 to THE
PRINCIPAL, from whom further information can be obtained.
K
EXT EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
FOLKESTONE HIGHER EDUCATION SUB-COMMITTEE.
COUNTY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, FOLKESTONE.
WANTED, after EASTER, an ASSISTANT MISTRESS at the
above-named SchOoL Candidates should be specially qualified to
tea. h s,.me 01 all of the following subjects :— Science, Nature Study.
Geography, Drill and School (Janus, and should be registered, or
eligible for registration, in Column B. Salary 10W. imt annum, rising.
in accordance with the Committee's Scale, by annual increments of
7/. ins. for the first two years, then of :•!., to a maximum of 140/. or 150/.
(according t" academic qualificationsK
Application Forms will Ik- supplied by Mr. T. Wilkinson. Radnor
Chambers, Cheriton Place. Folkestone, to whom they must be returned
so as to reach him not later than SATURDAY. April 14, 1906.
Bv order of the Committee,
eras, w. crook. Secretary.
44. Bedford Row, London, W.C.. March 98, 1908.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
/University >>< London),
YORE PLACE, BAKER STREET, w.
The COUNCIL arc about to appoint a LADY as BECRETARY
Applications, with Testimonials, to Ik- sent by MAY 4 to the
SECRETARY, from whom parti' iilara can be obtained.
QOUTH - WESTERN POLYTECHNIC,
O MANRESA ROAD, CHELSEA,
The GOVERNING BODY invito applications for the following
TEACHER8HIP8 in the SECONDARY DAY SCHOOL for BOYS
ami GIRLS. ill A TEACHER, with special qualifications In
FRENCH and GERMAN, at a commencing Salary of UOt, \
FORM MISTRESS, at i i omniencius Salary of 100/.
Forms ,,f application (which must be returned bj 10 » M on M \\
and further particulars, maj V obtained fiom the 8E< l'.KTARY.
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, ISs. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
NOTICE-FRIDAY NEXT being GOOD
FRIDAY, the ATHEN^UM will be pub-
lished on WEDNESDAY at 10 o'clock.—
ADVERTISEMENTS should be at the Office
not later than 10 o'clock on TUESDAY
Morning.
SUB -ED I TRESS, capable and cultivated,
WANTED IMMEDIATELY for a LITERARY and POLITICAL
WEEKLY PAPER. A University Woman preferred, between ii and
30. Experience desirable, but not essential. State qualifications and
Salary required.— Address, in first instance, by letter, SUB EDITOR.
18, Buckingham Street, Strand.
Situations WLanttb.
rpO PUBLISHERS and EDITORS.— EMPLOY-
I MENT WANTED in any Literary or Journalistic capacity.
MSS. read ami prepared for Press. Editing. Compiling. Indexing,
Researches at the British Museum, &e. Foreign Languages. Good
knowledge of Continental Affairs and Literature. — ERNEST A.
Y1ZETELLY, 45, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C.
GENTLEMAN desires ENGAGEMENT as
PRIVATE SECRETARY, or in some similar capacity. Uni-
versitv Honour Man. Good knowledge of literature. Politics, and Law.
Fair Knowledge of French and German. Has had several years"
experience of Secretarial Work. Would not object to going Abroad. —
Box 1102; Athenaeum Press. 13, Bream s Buildings, Chancery Line. E.C.
A
A
S SECRETARY,
LADY desires POST
(London, non-res. i. Shorthand. Typing, very good German ami
French (acquired Abroad). Temporary or permanent. — E. M. S ,
Box 110:1, Atheiiamm Press. 13, Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.C
GENTLEMAN (aged 34), seeks appointment as
CLUB or PRIVATE SECRETARY. Public School and Univer-
sitv. with business and administrative experience in England and
abroad.— LITERARY, Box 1101. Athenaeum Press, Breams Buildings,
Chancery Lane. E.C.
TO EDITORS.— HORTICULTURAL WRITER
desires COMMUNICATION. Bright, seasonable Notes, Illus-
trations, Answers to Correspondents, &c Terms moderate.— Address
.1. II., «. Reperton Road, Fulhani. 8.W.
AN active YOUNG MAN (23) requires
SITUATION as PUBLISHERS or BOOKSELLERS ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply good references.— T., Box 1070, Athenaeum Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials.— A. B., Box 100-2, Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream's Build-
ings, Chancery Lane, E.c.
HlRANSLATION, Revision, Research, Reviewing,
I Indexing, Encyclopedic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Non-Resident" Secretaryship. Classics. French. German, Italian,
Spanish Anglo-Saxon. Special subjects : Mythology and Literature.
Varied experience. Moderate teruis.— Miss SELBY, Si, Talbot Road. W.
iHiscellatuoits.
TITSS.— MESSRS
T. C. & E. C. JACK,
, Henrietta street. Oovent Garden, London, imitc
WRITERS to send them MSS. of ORIGINAL STORIES ll) for
Boys of in-14. addressed to Mr. JOHN LANG, Boyi - For
Girls of 10-14, addressed to Mrs. JOHN LANG, Girts Bditoi : I For
Children .if 610, addr d Mrs. LOUEY CHISHOLM, ' oil
Editor ■ extent 10 o"" to 50 non words. All MSS. (which should be oent
in any fame before SEPTEMBER 30 -Typewritten preferred] will ixs
acknowledged and returned if not suitable.
4 N nppoi'tunitv occurs for a GENTLEMAN
A \ with capital to loin another (well known in the Publishing
Trade) in STARTING a NEW PUBLISHING HOUSE On. pre-
ferred who,. mid manage the Literal v side. Several important w.tk«
n..w In band-Apply F. M. G., Box .Ho*. Atbenseum Press, I*,
Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lam London, L.c.
V
\HT.\L1ST WANTED, 3,000*. to 5,000f*. to
r iRW ■ COM PAN'S Propriel in Articles: EM ihlished Going
Concern: Lane Profits; Unique High (lass Business. — Address
VENDOR, at Horrn astle a, Cheapside.
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK and INliEXINU. -Apply Miss PETHERBRIDGE iNaW
gcj Tli; Imt Street, Bond Street, London, \\ .
A RTISTIC BOOKBINDING.— Miss
i'\ WINIFRED 8TOPE8, 11, Gaston Road, Hai
M M.E BINDS oi REPAIRS BOOKS Pu
application. Bindery oi*u to \ isitors 10 to S, Saturd,
110
TIIK A THEN*: KM
N 4093, April 7, 1906
I i fj n : \ PICTVItl '■ >
Ml I I I "I
J I, g [ u| N A /. A l: i: T II.
MAM RAM RJLi I- i
M.\v ON VIEW at II> """•l
•'■
Unpr-tuilntrn
A
TJPE w i:i I i\c mid. it,ik. n by highly eduoated
\i . ,. i Modern
|«nguai - I Keilslmi Translation Dictation Room.—
■ IMIIKU .1 IYPE WRITING tOKNCY, lu. Duke Street.
Adelphl, w I
UTHORS'MSS., NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
i~-^- rTPE-WRITTBN with oonmhrt Bat par
, -1 Refereui et to well-
i I Writers M >Tl'AKT. TlmlUiiik, i:..\l-,1..u--li i:
AUTHORS' MSS., IW. per 1 ,*mm> words.
MONS PLAYS, ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPED at ' paper. Orders prompt!
Mil-. Vernon Road; now known as 18, EUgefey Road,
fn-fh— . aw,
TYPE-WRITING.- MSS., SCIENTIFIC, and
of all Descriptions, COPIED. Bpedal attention to work
requiring oare Dictation Rooms shorthand or Type-Writing).
I nial term*.— HI E. It and I. EARRAN. Duuiugton House, 30,
KorfoU street. Btrand. London.
ri.Yl'E -WRITINO. !•<'. per 1,(KNI words. All
1 Uodi ol I — . STORIES PLAYS, to iccuratelj TYPED.
i ,. i i; -• eferences.— M. KING, 7, Corona Villas,
Pinni [Km
T
Y 1' E
W R I T E R S.
TAYLORS, Ltd., 74, CHANCERY LANE,
BUT BELL EXCHANGE, REPAIR, AND HIRE <>l'T ALL
MAKES OF TYPE-WRITERS.
Documents ( opled. Remingtons from SI. ; Smith's Premiers, No. 4,
I0J. 10s. illustrated catalogue tree.
TAYLOR'S TYPE-WRITER CO., Ltd.,
7t. Cttan try Lane, and :<■-. Queen Street, chcapside.
Tslfipssios 1881 Hotborn and BS25 Bank. Contractors to Tlis
Majesty's Government. Telegranu, Glossator, London. Established
H<4.
Authors' ^g^nts.
THE FICTION EDITOR for sometime, and the
Literary Reader ["Taster I for ninny rears of the Messrs.
Hannsworth baring r.-si..- I Ms appointment, ADVISES UPON
MSS. ok EVERY KIM>. The discoverer and prompter of man;
New Writers Fiction a speciality.— Apply AUTHORS' ADVISORY
BUREAU, 20, Bn< kinghani Street, West Strand, London, W.C.
THE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
The interests ej Antbors capably represented. Agreements for
Publishing arrange*!. MSS. placed w ii Ii Puhlisliers. — Terms and Testi-
inouiats on application to Mr. A. M. IH'KGHES, Si, Paternoster Row
IMuspaprr Agents.
\T E W s 1- A P E R PROPERT Y.
J-' Mi WALTER WELL8MAN, Copyright Vainer,
■Will DISPOSE ol the GOODWILL, COPYRIGHT, and PLANT of
a hound, paying NEWSPAPER and PRINTING BUSINESS within
fifty miles of London. Moderate capita] required.— Particulars 20,
New Bridge Street, London.
"Xf'ORTHKRN NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE,
-Ll KENDAL. ENGLAND,
Supplies Editors withal! kinds of Literary .Matter, and is open to bear
from Authors' meeming Manuscripts.
ATEW8PA P E II PROPERTIES
-ll BOUGHT. BOLD, VALUED, AND SUPPLIED WITH
EVERY REQUISITE.
The London Acetify of an additional limited number of Provincial
and ( oloui.il Newspapers can be undertaken.
Knll particulars from
TI1U IMPERIAL NEWS AGENCY,
2and4, Tuiloi Street, London, E.C.
(Catalogues.
THE INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
No. it: containing a Special Article, entitled 'MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY and .MATTER.' by Prof. ALKRED W.
PORTER. Specimen Copies gratis.— WILLIAMS 4 NORGATE
Book Importers. 14. Henrietta Street, Corent Garden, W.C.
HH. PEACH, :!7. Belvoir Street, Leicester.
. CATALOGUE 18 Iposl tree to Collectors) contains Ri ni
Purchases, including Collections of Broadsides and Chap-Books—
Antiphrmsriuin. with Miniatures Jenson and other Early Presses-
Rare Tracts- i i oUc tion "t i allot - Etchings, 4c.
BOOKS. —All OUT-OF-PRINT and RARE
BOOKS on any subject 81 PPLIED. The most expert Bookflnder
extant Please state wants ami ask fort ITALOGUE I make a special
feature of exchanging any Saleable Books for others selected from my
rai ions List- Special Lint of 3.000 Books I partfcnlarly want i*-t free.
KDW BAKER'S Grenl Bookshop, u in. John Bright Street, Binning-
bam. Oscar w ildc I Poems, -I I., for 6s. gu, only 200 Issued).
CA'I'A [.( )i UK No. 44. -Turner's Liber Studiorum,
England and Wales, and other RhgraTings— Lnoas's MesxotinU
after Constable- Etchings by Whistler. 8. Palmer, be.— Drawings by
Turner. Burne-Jotura, Buskin, 4c Illustrated Books— Works by
Ituakin Post free, Sixpence,— WX. WARD, 2, Church Terrace
Richmond, .Surrey.
ANCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Collectors
ntnl Antipiarians me invited to apply to SPINK 4 SON,
Limited, for Specimen Copy (gratis of their NUMISMATIC CIRCU-
I, All. Thr finest Greek, Roman, and English Coins on View and for
etile at Moderate Prices.— SPINK 4 BON, Lmmcn, Experts. Valuers,
• "I Cataloguers, l ;. it. and 13, Piccadilly, London, W. Established
•upwards of a Century.
L1IGHTOH B
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE o. EARLY
1 PR I.N I I.Dai, .1 oil., i lifB,
• 11,1 LI N III
OPPERI 0 rOB IA1 I IV
J. A .1. LEIGHTON, »". Brawei Street, Gotctga s<|u.,tc. \v.
Thick 8TO, I It. in. with upward, of I.3M Reptodui tioUS
1ml U.
Its.lin.l ill ait (loth. Kilt l"l*. '.Ja. ; half II.',,,. .... gill tojia, SOS.
I.I USHER'S
REMAINDER BOOK I ATALOGUK
APRIL SUPPLEMEX1 new READY.
I ,,lii|,i i-liig all ni".t re. -lit Pui ■
W II. 1. 1 WI QLAIHHER,
Remainder and Discount Bookseuei 200, High Holbom, London.
■ ;( PUPl I. \B ri i:i:i. \ i in i n i ri l:i ■■,. i N II
LIST <>f hllEMll SUVKLS. CLASSIC*
ARUNDEL CHROMOS.- Large itook. Many
rare ones Bend stamp for THIS MONTH'S LIST srhich gtrss
the and snaps of each ST. JUDE"8 DEPOT, Birminghaa
EEADKRS mid COLLECTORS will find it to
their advantage to write f..r .1 BALDWIN'S MONTHLY
i ITALOGUE of SECOND-HAND BOOKS, sent iiosi rreeon s|
tion. lt.s,ks in all Bmncbes >.f Literature. Genuine hsjgsuns in
it. to .ami Kltst Editions. Books sent on approval If deatred.^
Addre-s ii, Osborne Road, Leyton, Essex.
BE i: T i: A M I) 0 B E L L,
SECOND-HAND BOOKSELLER, and PUBLISHER,
77, Charing Cross Road, London, w '
A lartre Stock of old and Ran- li.»,ks in English Literature.
Including Poetry and the Drama Shakesiicariana First Editionsof
Kan. oils Authors HanilSCTiptt lllu-tlatcl L.s.k-. 4c CATALOGUES
ii si on application.
TO BOOKBUYEKS and LIBRARIANS of FREE
LIBRARIES. - The Al'RIL CATALOGUE of rateable
SECOND-HAND Works and NEW REMAINDERS, offered el
piics greatly reduced, i- Now READY, and will !*■ seiri post free
:ii>or c] i i .-. ti ■ i: tc w H. SMITH 4 s:;N library Deptrtmenl
\m). Strand, London. W.C.
DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY,
B9 rob. doth. A fine set. a. new, is for DISPOSAL.— Address
for particulars Mr. kilgoUR, -J?'. Queen street. Edinburgh.
T AROE NUMBER rare ARUNDEL CHROMOS
-Li FOR SALE, including St. Krancis and the Rirds. Bellini
Madonna, Ac. — List, giving sizes, ;t stamps.— P. HEAD, 44. Clarence
Gardens, London, N'.W.
WAN TED TO PURCHASE.— A COMPARA-
TIVE GLOSSARY OP GOTHIC, hy G. H. BOLG-N'cw or
Secondhand.— Address HALL. 102, Highbury Hill. N.
^aUs by JVurtion.
Vrili'cihle Books, including a Library remored from Devon-
shire, the Library of the late Surgeon Bfajor-Oeneral W, F.
IHC FABECK, hidian Medical Service, and other Private
Propertiet,
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
by AUCTION, at their Galleries, 47. Leicester Square, W.C- on
THURSDAY. April lit. and Following Day. at 10 minutes |,ast (o'clock
precisely, VALUABLE ItouKS. Including Racinet, U Costume
Historique, 6 vols. Large Paper— Macleay's Highlanders of Scotland,
■> lols. -Logan's Clans of the Scottish Highlands, (.'..loured Plates—
Andersons Ancient Scottish Weapons— Malory, La Morte d Arthur.
by I>r. Sommerj ditto, illustrated by Beanlsley— Real Life in London,
2 vols. uncut— Pyne's Royal Residences,^ \..ls. Large Paper, uncut-
Costumes of Great Britain. India. Turkey, Italy, 4c. — Aiken's New
Scrap-Book, British Prdverbs, Ideas, A T h at the Fine Arts, all
with Coloured Plates— Martial Achievements of Great Britain-
Theatrical Collect ions- Books illustrated by Cruikshank, Phix, and
Rowlandson— Books and Pamphlets on Trade. Finance, Local Govern-
ment, 4c— a long Series of Works on India- Buiy's Views on the
Liverpool and Manchester Railway an important Collection of
Mo.l.in Works on Medicine and Surgery First Editions of Dickens.
Thackeray. Stevenson, and other Modern Authors— Hamerton's Land-
scape and Etching and Etcher: — Michel's Rembrandt, and Miscel-
laneous Baoks in all branches of Literature.
Catalogue on application.
Early Printed Books and rare First Edition*, including a
Library consigned from Abroad.
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
by AUCTION, at their Galleries. 47. Leicester Bpuare, W C. an
MONDAY, pril 30, at ten minutes past 1 o'clock precisely.
VALUABLE BOOKS, including Leo Magnus. Sermones, 1470 —
Albertus Trotter's De Perfecto cleric,.. U7S -Braithwail IR I, Times
Curtains Drawne, 1821 — Csesar IJ.I, Commentaril, 1 177 — Cowpar's
Olney Hymns. First Edition Estienne, l-i Maison Rustique, i.'.Tli -
Gaj s Fables, 2 vols., First Editions Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield,
First Edition, in original calf— White's Natural History of Salbome,
First Edition Guidode Monte Rocharil, Manijiules Curatorum, 1438
— Lactantias, Venice, 1472— Lilly's sj\,- Court Comedies, 1082 —
Melton's Views of Dublin. Coloured Plates— Milton IJ.I, Cblasterion,
I84S Nuremberg chronicle. UBM— Orosius Bistoria*, 1471 — Pascal.
Lea l'rov ineiales. First Edition, ion Record's Castle of Knowledge.
1888 Savtons M:ij.s. 1840 Scarron's Comical 1!.. manic. 1870— Shake-
s|.eare s Works, l.y Howe. 0 lols. ,. Id morocco gilt. Shepherd's Kaleudar.
IfSfl Withers Knililenics, |8S> fine llliuninatcd MSS on Vellum,
with Miniatures an unique Early English Ms rare Early Printed
Tracts and Pamphlets -and many other interesting Items.
Catalogues on application.
Postponement.
1V/IR. J. C. STEVEN'S beaa to announce tlmt
llL the SALE of the LIBRARY of ih, late H L. MATTHEWS,
Esq., is unavoidably POSTPONED until after BastM
The SALE of PHOTOGRAPHIC and
SCIENTIFIC QOODawfflbe held NEXT WEEK onTHCRSDAl
April 12.
.:s. King Street. Covellt Garden. 1V.I'.
Sales 0/ Miscellaneous Property.
R. J. C. STEVENS oegB to announce that
M
XTA BALES are held RVERY KltlDVY. at his Rooms. IS, King
street. Corenl Garden, London, w c. for the disposal of micro
SCOPES. SLIDES, and OBJECTIVES Telescopes— Theodolites
Levels Electrical and Scientific instruments Cameras, Lenses, and
all kinds of Photographic Ipparatiis Optical Lanterns with slides
and all Accessories in great variety l.y Best Makers — Household
Furniture- Jewellery— «nd other Mlseeuai us Property.
• n view Thursslay J to .". and morning of Sale.
Th, library .., H„ iatt I IIOM . Ike
Library if thr l„u ./ H UOLMl tion //.,(;
u,r ;.,/,m,v 0/ fAe lute JAMES CAM
Knv Properties.
\\ I f/1 llll^ . \s ILKINSON4 HOD
.'1 rill -I II. In M 'TP'N «t tl
M0NI1M Ai^il v. ..
Is»j.. at I -.1. ll.M.K' al.l MAM — I III-
l.il.lo. I » lI'il.VL I
' " • •
I • . Ut. 1 1 p. «
IMiAllli I.
Fits* sTdltissis IU—<r«lwl Bwln M huuks
Is, *.
May I* ilewe.1 ( aUlogun nay •«■ had.
The Library of th, late Bet W.BKOLKY ' rratm-
• ' agr,
/ 'wi, liedt.
MBSSRfl rKXTHEBY, WILKINSON « HODGE
will BELL bj ICCTIOS 'their lluu«. lissftoss
ad \\ 1 on 1 III l:~liA\
K..ll.,» - Ut*
P.. . W BE'. LEI M s.
I ' Hyde - ' tirususrrasnmatir.
Atuurrauoi.ati. . and Epi*
Sinsulat Lit 1
W11. h.iafl ,, tuntsusnania.
Sill.je.t- Wilting. .,! I it
ments by and lesuistttwl with .i.sitjiii -
Swodenl.-rgianiMiii. l^tiakerism.
Spiniualist.. &< Collections ..f } l>jc*»
— a large number of s«-nrc* Tr»<-t<<. Massssserii
May 1* rlewed two .Lay, prior. Catalogues may he ha<l.
THE TltlMAS COLLXCTIOJM.
The Third and Final Portion of the Collection of 1.
ami Dm fi in'/..
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON A HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, ai their Hosssa, No. \-,. \\ri
Strand. Wi . on MONDAY. April a. and Vi
Days, at 1 o'clock precisely l.\ order of th.
THIRD and ("Ni 1.1 I. INi. PORTION of the ral
LEI TION of ENGRAVINGS and DRAWINGS
EDWIN TRUMAN. K-, M Res. The Hon,.- Ki.-I.l. Putue, Hill.
B.W., c.iuprising Toiasgraphical A'iews. many reL.tinr to len^Uti
-Mezzotints of Fancy Sul,;e,t- -i of Karly
Engraved Portraits, mostly Engli-h It i - 1 s-ri.-:. 1
Portraits, A. also He, wings l.y old M
Drawings. ptinci|<illr of the English S. h.--l -a lari 1 the
Works ..f O.-orge shepheard. including a Sen- SI
Books— a few Framed Engravings. Drawings, and oil Paint
May l>e rlewed t«o days prior. Catalogues may t* had.
Yaliinhls Miscellaneous Hook., including Duplicate* from the
Library of the late UBSIiY SOTUEllAS, »/. (n
from Upper Horwood), and a ,S<'' I an Old
Library (n mated f i ), the Property of a /.■•
\ [ Essps. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
.'1 AUCTION, at their Rooms, 118, chanc-rr I<in- V
WEDNESDAY. April 25. and T»o Folloi ..': >U^-
CELLANEOUS BOOKS, c.inpri.ing Nash » Mam
I^irge Paper, 4 vols., and other FoUo Architectural and Ant:<iuarian
Ilis.ks — Racinet. L'Omement Polychrome — AuiUley
Keramic Art ol Jaiian, 2 vols.— Tuers Bartolozzi I.
and other Kine Art and Illustrated 1U,
Doves, and other Modem Press. - T.-niiy-
1S»— RsKiks in old English Uteniture. including the r.,
Volumes of Sterne's Tristram Shandy, in the original I
entirely uncut, the Property of a Lady — a cll,-.t: ' :nt^»l
and Black Letter B,~.ks. and Sixteenth - Century K.lu
classics. ...nsigricsl from Pari: — a fine Set of the Annus', i
iwj. 1X7 vols.— Library Editions ..t Shakespcan -ling.
Burke. Scott. Di.-kens. Thackeray. George Eliot. Oonan Doyle, and
other-, ninny in handsome .-alt and morocco '.indings.
' ataU.gues are prrlsiring.
MESSRS. CHRISTIE. MANSON ft WOODS
respectfully gfrc notice that ttsay will hold the FoDuelug
SALES bj AUCTION, at their Great Rooms. Kin.- a
Square, the Sales cesnnsencing at i o'clock precsmegj : —
On MONDAY, Ajpril it. the COLLECTION of
DRAWINGS and ENUKA. INGS of HARRY iJIILTER I -
On TUESDAY, April 10. ORIENTAL PO
cELAIN. \RMS. and ARMOUR and DECORATIYB URNlTlitr.
On WEDNESDAY. April 11. PICTURES by
OLD MASTERS and DRAWINGS, the Property as* th. sate L '.
LUMLEY, F.s.(.. and others.
Sale No. ::isi«.
THE MARKET II ALL. KESVM..
By order of the Executor* rf the late CIIAULF--
WILKIN90M, A»/.. ,/./•.
Ml) E R O M E i S 0 N
. arc instructed to SELL l.y AUCTION, in tbeal^cll
THURSDAY, \pril i!>. rasnmencing at l o'clock, an im|«.rtant
LIBRARY of Books, many of exceptional interest to OrJlect
Works relating to Westmorland. Cumberland, au.l Farsssaa, in-
cluding Nicl-'ti and Burns, Hutchinson's, and .IcrTerss.t ■
Lonsdale Magasine, Antiquities of Kurn.-- lUus-
trated Works, • omprising Holbein s Portraits of Illustrious Peraonages
of the Court of Henry VIII. Ackermann's Micoow, 4c a few d
Bewicks- Lcylande's Jcamcy, 1642 IVdUns's Odea, 1747 -some carious
old Tracts and Pamphlet.-, and iiihiiv other interesting ujiu
Bioerapln. Travel History. Topcstraphy, Science, Fine Arts. Vitural
Hiatory, S|»rts Poetrr. Fiction, Th.-... I election of about
88 Water Colour Drawings, hy H. P. Cartel. W Green J l.:,.u W.T.
Longmire, Aspland. Woolnoth, c \'. popham. ami .Hh«T».
may be had on application to the AUtTlONF.ER. 21.
Stramongate, K, adal.
\ BOUT 2,000 BOOKS WANTED are advertise,!
.\ rnrwerklj in THE PUBLISHERS CIRCULAR AND BOOK-
SELLERS It RCORD (established ls;7' which al... .•!>,-. Lists of thj
N. a i'.s.ks publlshetl during the Week. Annoul New
Books, A. Suhacrihrrs have the prlrflaga of a Kn-e Adrertlsuuuul
•or Four B.«.k« Wanted Weekly Bent for ■ weeks. i«M fr.-,-. for
Monie and u«. Foreign mihseripuasL Price Three HalfiK-nce
wckly "fh. a- : St Dunstan ■ House, Fetter Lane. London.
rpHE BUILDER (founded 1S4_'), Catherine Street,
I Street. Strand. W.C,, April 7. contains: —
The Trade Unions BIB; The British School at Home; Tr
Column; Woodcarving Institute of \r. luted- ; The U-gal owner-
ship of Architects Drawings; Arsenic in Wall-Papers; Scottish
Building Not.s. Mathematical Data for Archit.ata Student «
Columm ; Illustrations of Church of St. Bartholomew, Stamford Hill ;
Examples of w rought-Iroa Work ; WaysMe Note* in Ks»% AngUa. m
—From OtB.cc a> shore 4if. ; by post, Igo. | or through any Newsagent.
N°4093, April 7, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
411
MUDIE'S
LIBRARY.
MESSRS. MUDIE & CO.
I beg to announce that
arrangements have been
made with Pickford &
Co. for the exchange
of Library Books in
LONDON* SUBURBS
at the following reduced
rates to and from their
London Libraries : —
Parcels containing three or four
volumes (up to 6lbs.) costing
only 3d. per double journey;
larger parcels (up to 141bs.)
being charged at 4d. inclu-
sive.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
."} mths. 6 mths. 12 niths.
ONE Volume II- ... 12/- ... 21/-
TWO
FOUR
10/6- 18/- 31/6
14/- ..24/- 42/-
Write for Lists and full particulars of
arrangements to
MUDIE'S SELECT
LIBRARY, Ltd.,
30 .11, NEW OXFORD STREET, W.C.
4Sr QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.G.
241, BROMPTON ROAD, B.W.
MR HEINEMANN'S ANNOUNCEMENTS
NOTICE.— EXTENSION OF TIME.
BY UNIVERSAL REQUEST, THE PERIOD DURING WHICH THE
LARGE REMBRANDT PLATE
covering 300 sq. in. of engraved surface,
given with the
REMBRANDT MEMORIAL
is obtainable by Subscribers, has been extended to the date on which Part V.
will be issued, i.e., MAY 4.
THE REMBRANDT MEMORIAL
is being published in Ten Fortnightly Parts, 14 in. by 10 in. , 2s. 6cl. net each. Postage 4</. Each Part also
sold separately. In addition to a Study by EMILE MICHEL (Member of the Institute of France)
it contains
70 MAGNIFICENT PLATES
in Colour and Photogravure.
%* Prospectus of any Bookseller, or of the Publisher.
Parts I.-III. ABE READY.
NEW NOVEL BY FRANK DANBY, Author of 'PIGS IN CLOVER.'
PUBLISHED THIS DAY.
6s. THE SPHINX'S LAWYER.
. By FRANK DANBY, Author of ' Pigs in Clover,' « Baccarat,' &c.
6s.
THE ANGEL OF
PAIN.
E. F. BENSON,
Author of ' The Image in the Sand, '&c.
FIRST LARGK IMPRESSION SOLD
OUT ON DAY OF PUBLICATION
SECOND IMPRESSION READY.
Crown Svo, 6s.
" Mr. Benson has never done any-
thing better he has no real rival."
Outlook.
THE
MAN OF PROPERTY.
J. GALSWORTHY,
Author of ' The Island Pharisees,' &c.
Crown Svo, 6s.
"There is not a single phrase in it
written for the sake of its cleverness.
Not one The passages of high
literary merit. .. .expose the natural
and logical development of the story
with purposeful progression which is
primarily satisfying to the intelligence,
and ends by stirring the emotions."
Mr. Joseph Conrad in the Outlook.
SHORT STORIES OF SAMOA.
WILD JUSTICE.
Bv LLOYD OSBOURNE,
Part Author with R. L. STEVENSON
of ' The Ebb Tide.' Crown Svo, 0&
THE JUNGLE.
UPTON SINCLAIR.
First Impression nearly exhausted.
Secoml Impression in the press.
Crown Svo, 6a
"I doubt if Zola ever wrote any.
thing quite so haunting, quite so vivid."
Mr. Hamilton Ptfe in the Evening
Nexus.
"AN EXTRAORDINARY BOOK."
SEX AND CHARACTER.
By OTTO WEININCER, Large 8vo, cloth, 17a. net. Postage id.
" An extraordinary book We have never heard of a youth so young attacking one of the most
complicated problems of life with an apparent fullness of knowledge, and a fury, so to speak, of psycho-
logical analysis that pursues its object into the last refuge of intimacy and secrecy." — Daily Mail.
SERF LIFE IN RUSSIA.
By ALEXANDRA dk HOLSTEIN and DOHA
B. MONTEFIORE.
Reminiscences of a Russian Grandmother.
Crown Svo, &. 6d.
FRENZIED FINANCE.
By THOMAS W. LAWSON.
Large crown Svo, <>.-.
"This amazing book... as great a contribution to
practical economics as Mr. Charles Booth's 'Life and
Labour of London.'" — Outlook.
KAKEMONO.
By A. HERBAGE EDWARDS.
.IA PAN ES B sk ETCHES.
l'ott 4to, 7«. 6d. net.
"We should be loth to snare 'Kakemono.' It has a
charm of atmosphere and a literary beauty which should
make its fascination enduring, for ever young, and still be
enjoyed." — Daily Telegraph.
GRANADA.
Bv LEONARD WILLIAMS.
STUDIES ANI> l.MPUKSSIONS,
Pott 4to, illustrated, !■■>. hV. net.
"Based in direct observation .. agreeably written. Will
interest any reader curious as to the conditions and rewards
of travelling in S\K\,in."—Sa>tswa ».
FOR THE HOLIDAYS.
"GO EARLY, AND BUY THE LATEST TOME BY MR. TURLEY."- Ft ncii.
MAITLAND uJtZtm
By CHARLES TURLEY, Author of 'Godfrey Marten: Sohoolboy' and •Godfrey Marten: Undergraduate.'
Crown svo. Illustrated by GORDON BROWNE. S*.
London: WM. HEINEMANX, 21, Bedford Street, W.C.
4 1 2
Til E ATHENittUM
N°4093, Ai-KiL 7, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO/S
NEW BOOKS.
— -♦■ —
■■■
DOOR OF HUMILITY
ALFRED AUSTIN,
Port l.iureate.
Crown «vo, 4s. 6rf. net.
MEMOIRS OF
ARCHBISHOP TEMPLE.
By BBVBM FBIKNDa Edited by E. O. SAXDKORD,
Archdeacon of Bxeter. With Photogravure and other
Illustrations. In 2 vols. Svo, 3oV. net.
LORD RANDOLPH"
CHURCHILL.
i:> winston BPRNCKB CHURCHILL, M.P. With
J'i>rti.iits. In | vol*, demy Svo, Mfc net.
HENRYsIDGWICK: a Memoir.
];>• A. B. nn.l E. M. 8. With Portraits. 8vo, lis. 6d. net
SPECTATOR. "The book is one of high value and
absorbing Interest"
THE ARBITER IN COUNCIL
8vo, 10*. net.
TIMES. — "The scheme is ft well-imagined one, and the
discussions are full of interest, Information, and suggestion."
NEW BOOK BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE
SOUL OF A PEOPLE.'
A PEOPLE AT SCHOOL.
By II. FIELDING HALL. 8vo, 10*. net
DAILY TELEGRAPH— " A book marked by such
individuality as gives it a continuous charm from first page
to last. .. .Really delightful book— a notable addition to
the many excellent records kept by Empire-builders in far
portions of the King's dominions."
NERO.
By STEPHKX PHILLIPS. Crown 8vo, 4*. Crf. net.
~BRFeF LITERARY
CRITICISMS.
Bv the late RICHARD HOLT HUTTOX. Selected from
the Spectator, and Edited by his Niece, ELIZABETH M.
ROSC'OE. With Portrait, (.'lobe svo, 4.«. net.
I Ecersley Series.
V Containing Criticisms on DICK ENS. SCO IT, KEATS,
SHELLEY, WORDSWORTH, TENNYSON. BROWNING,
MATTHEW ARNOLD, and others.
TR1BUSE. — "The volume before us covers a wide area,
and contains many original utterances of temperate wisdom
and iare insight."
FOURTH EDITION NOW READY.
THE SCENERY OF
SWITZERLAND,
AXD THE CAUSES TO WHICH IT IS DUE. By the
Bight Hon. Lord AVEBURY, P.O. Illustrated. CrownSvo,
s.
MEDIEVAL RHODESIA.
By DAVID RANDALL MACIVER, M.A. F.R.G.S. Fully
illustrated. Demy 4tO, 'JO*, net
DAILY NEWS.— "Dr. Maclver has placed the whole
matter On a different footing than it had before he began
his fruitful investigations. . .This copiously and beautifully
illustrated volume is not the least noteworthy result of the
late visit of the British Association to South Africa."
THE TAXATION oFTflE
LIQUOR TRADE.
By JOSEPH ROWNTREE and ARTHUR SHERWELL.
Vol. 1. Public Houses— Hotels — Restaurants— Theatres—
Railway Bars clubs. 8vo, 10*. M. net.
SPECTATOR.— "Any one who wishes to follow the
controversy with intelligence cannot <ld better than master
Messrs. Rowntree and Sherwell's timely and valuable
volume."
INTEREST & SAVING.
By E. C. K. CONNER, M.A., Bmnner Professor of
Economic Science in the University of Liverpool. Crown
Svo, 3*. 6rf. net [Tuesday.
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd, London.
HURST & BLACKETT'S
NEW BOOKS.
In 1 vol. royal StTO, with numerous Illustrations
from rhoU)gia|)hs taken ••Hjx-<-iully for this book,
price 2 Is. net.
P0RFIRI0 DIAZ,
Seven Times President of Mexico.
By Mrs. ALEC TWEEDIE,
Author of ' Mexioo as I saw it,' &c.
AN ART BOOK FOR ALL TIME.
ORDINARY EDITION, 1 vol. demy 4to, cloth,
gilt top, price 21. 2s. net.
Containing 41 Full-Page Illustrations in
Colour and 36 in Black and White.
THE FIRST CENT DRY OF
ENGLISH PORCELAIN,
1744-1850.
By W. MOORE BINNS,
Director of Furnivals, Limited, and late Art
Director of the Royal Porcelain Works, Worcester.
A BOOK OF PERSONAL REMINISCENCES.
NOW READY, in 1 vol. crown 8vo, with
numerous Illustrations, price 6s. net.
SIX YEARS AT THE
RUSSIAN COURT.
By M. EAGAR.
NEW and REVISED EDITION.
READY APRIL 9, in 1 vol. medium Svo, fully
illustrated, price 10s. 6d. net.
LHASA.
By PERCEVAL LAN DON.
THE LATEST AND BEST
SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
THE FLOWER OF FRANCE.
By JUSTIN HUNTLY MCCARTHY.
[Ready in England and America on April 9.
THE BLACK CUIRASSIER.
By PHILIP STEVENSON,
Author of • A Gendarme of the King.'
JIMMY QUIXOTE. By Tom Gallon,
Author of ' Tatterley,' &c.
THE TRIUMPHS OF EUGENE
VALMONT. By ROBERT BARR, Author
of ' A Prince of Good Fellows,' &c.
JENNIFER PONTEFRACTE. By
ALICE and CLAUDE ASKEW, Authors of
1 Shulamite,' ' Anna of the Plains,' &c.
UNDER THE ARCH OF LIFE. By
LADY HENRY SOMERSET.
THE WHITE HAND. By Carl
JOUBERT, Author of ' Russia As It Really
Is,' &c.
THE DRAKESTONE. By Oliver
ONIONS, Author of 'The Odd-Job Man,' &c.
IN SILENCE. By Mrs. Fred
REYNOLDS, Author of 'A Quaker Wooing,'
&c.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
" THE BIRDS OF THE
BRITISH ISLANDS."
* tm/ E are premised" (sapt the irtP)
" "a rc/illy mivjnijic.nt book on ' The
I: rds of the. liritnh /-./an//*.' /' Mb fair
to be the most notable n.-'i ' • ■ • .,, rltnt
direction M - 0 J*Tt faWt/mt ' British
Jiir'i-.' The miter it Mr. Charlet 9tonhtMn\
F.R.f'.s. C.M.O. F.ZJB. li ittobt bronght
out iii jsxrt*, in a mimjAuoiii form, with
remarkably liftlike, ami artist Utrationt
by L. M. Medlamd. We have •■
quite M beautiful as these picture* for a
time ThafastpsuHieto appear m thecouret of
m Jew weeks, and the whole book will be in
four volume*. E. (Irani Riehurdi it the
publisher of what it likely tij hem, 'iiithori-
tatire work on British ornithology."
THE BOOK
rPHE Publither't object in tht prodmetiem
-1- of 'The Bird* of the British 1 'lands'
has been to supply a work which "hall be
far in advance of anything of the kind whi h
has so far been attempted. The name of the
author is a sufficient guarantee of the accuracy
and compr*ltensivtne*s of the U..ct. As it toeJl
known to all interested in British Ornithology,
lie has for many years actively itudied the
subject, and has specially devoted himself to
the observation of bird" awl their habit*.
The lcttcr/>ress will include the derivation
of tlue ecientifc and English names, the
French and. German names, oW a </eneral
description of the habits of t ■ ■food,
its nest, fggs, and plumage.
THE ILLUSTRATIONS
HTHERE xcill be three hundred or more
pliotogravure illustrations, the majority
of which will be life size. They wUl l>e far
superior to anything of the kind yet produced
in this country. Great pains will be faktn to
render (he drawings mort accurate to nature,
and particidar attention will be gimm to the
proper representation of the act mml pro-
portions and plumage of each I
Where the sexes diffir in any appreciable
degree separate drawings will be given.
Further, there will be additional jilates of
those nestlings and young I for
example, come Waders and I W
appearance and plumage call dot
illustration. The same plan < red
in regard to any particular j*,int« of
plumage, such as the outsprsmd wing or tail,
which the ordinary drawing does not *how.
HOW TO SUBSCRIBE
npHE book will appear in twenty parte, of
■*■ which the firm port will appear emrim
in May, and it it anticijsitcd that the work
trill be completed within two or th
The price of each part will \>e Is. (id. net
[post free, 7s. V>d.). For the convenience of
Subscribers who may daire to ftay for the
whole work in advance, the price, including
postage, will be 71. 0*. / but in ordtr to
fccitn this reduced rate subscription* must
be jiaid before the publication of th ir«t
}>art.
A List of Subscribers will appear with
the last part. The FiMiskm the
ight to raise tht price to new Subscribers
after publication. Send for a Prospectus
with Specimen Illustration to
K. GRANT RICHARDS,
:, Carlton Street, London.
N° 4093, April 7, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
413
SA TURD A Y, APRIL 7, 1906.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Two New Lives of Walter Scott 413
Dr. GREENiDert History of Rome 414
The English Works ok George Herbert . . .. 415
B. H. Hutton's Brief Literary Criticisms . . 416
New Novels (The Wheel of Life; The Great Refusal ;
The Shadow of Life ; The Fifth Queen ; The Mystery
of the Shadow ; Lads of the Fancy ; The Belle of
Bowling Green ; The Bishop's Apron ; Ban- &
Son) 416—417
Journeyings at Home and Abroad 417
Our Library Table (Letters from Samoa, 1891-5;
Mrs. Browning in her Letters ; Maine's Ancient
Law ; Mr. Winston Churchill on Free Trade ; With
Mounted Infantry in Tibet ; New Egypt ; Jane
Austen's Sailor Brothers ; A Life of Burton ;
History of British Columbia ; Reprints and New
Editions) 419—421
List of New Books 421
The Original of Wolfram von Eschenbach's
' Parzival ' ; ' With the Cossacks ' ; The Asi.oan*
MS. ; spring Publishing Season ; Sales 422—423
Literary Gossip 423
Science— Books on Bird9 ; Societies ; Meetings
Next Week; Gossip 426 — 428
Fine Arts — Illustrated Views at Home and
Abroad; thh Barbizon School; Works by
Mr. Byam Shaw and Mr. D. S. MacColl ;
Arch.kological Notes ; The Denny and other
Sales; Gossip 428—430
Music— The Bach Festival; Gossip; Perform-
ances Next Week 430—431
Drama— Mvukicette; Gossip 431
Miscellanea— Chaucer Bibliography .. ..432
Index to Advertisers 432
LITERATURE
Sir Walter Scott. By Andrew Lang.
(Hodder & Stoughton.)
The Life of Sir Walter Scott. By G. Le
Grys Norgate. (Methuen & Co.)
Many books other than novels come out
year by year, but fewer people every day
seem to know anything about such pub-
lications, or, indeed, about any authors
beyond those of the moment. " I know,"
said a London lady to the present reviewer,
" whom the vicar quoted in his sermon
the other day : it was Matthew Arnold,
and that 's a pseudonym for G. R. Sims."
Books are apparently bought in great
numbers, but not read. In Scotland,
according to Mr. Lang, they are not even
bought : —
" One extravagance our countrymen and
countrywomen avoid, as they would the
devil, and that is buying a book. They are
like the Highland crofter who was implored
to give at least five shillings to the ' Sus-
tentation Fund,' and for the salvation of his
immortal part. ' Me give five shillings to
save my soul ! I haena five shillings to buy
myser tobacco.' "
There is a large public, one gathers,
for magazines and newspapers, selections
and collections of scraps, mangled frag-
ments of poets and philosophers, and
other short ruts to the world's wisdom.
Still, we think that there are some masterly
biographies which everybody ought to
read and possess. One of these is Lock-
hart's ' Life of Scott,' with its abundant
proofs that literature is not a morbid
secretion which abhors health ; that a
man of letters may bo a charming com-
panion to all the world ; and that the
inveterate habit of scribbling every day
does not exclude practical sagacity, or
meritorious habits supposed to be confined
to the Philistine. Lockhart's ' Life ' is
not only interesting, but also amusing in
the common sense, being full of delicious
traits and stories. But the present age
cannot, it seems, tolerate length in any-
thing except an official document (where
brevity is suspect), and consequently we
have before us two narratives founded
on the great biography. There is, by the
by, already an abbreviated form of it,
but that itself is long ; and Scott's merits
as author and man are so exceptional, and
have been so overshadowed by the claims
of later Scots and romancers, that we
think there is room for both of these new
books. Further, we have had for some
years, what Lockhart did not give us, the full
' Journal ' of Sir Walter from the original
manuscripts at Abbotsford — a book about
which too much can hardly be said.
It is the finest record of undefeated
energy and Stoicism tempered by geniality
that literature can show.
Mr. Lang has, of course, special claims
to write on an obvious hero of his. He
comes himself from Scott's countryside ;
he has been through all the Abbotsford
MSS., edited the Waverley Novels, and
written the life of Lockhart : in short
his extraordinarily varied equipment in-
cludes strongly marked tastes, and perhaps
limitations, characteristic of Scott. Mr.
Lang has written of the figures of the
analytical novel : —
They smile, and we are told, I wis,
Ten subtle reasons -why they smile.
He does not care for the historians of fine
consciences, though the thinness of some
of Scott's characters (which he admits)
must ultimately, we think, be traced to
the little we know of their minds. We do
not admire the spectacle of a man placard-
ing the adventures of his own heart and
home in fiction ; we do not want any
" chatter about Harriet " disguised under
another name as a fancy heroine ; but
we do want to see something of the mental
processes of the puppets who dance before
us. Mr. Lang calls Lucy Ashton the
Ophelia of Scott ; but we feel that we
know much of the one, little about the
other. Still, that comparison is hardly
fair to Scott, who has far greater heroines
to show. Jeanie Deans is, as Mr. Lang
says, " certainly one of the great creations
of literature," and " without passion, as
interesting as Becky Sharp." The latter
would, as a clever lady once said, be an
admirable neighbour at a dinner-party,
while Jeanie Deans would not ; but
dinner-parties belong to society, which
regards the private difficulties and trials
of its members as non-existent, except
as a cause of amusement.
Mr. Lang, as might be expected, revels
in details of Scottish life and history ; he
trembles on the verge of a dozen divaga-
tions into favourite subjects, and many of
his references in Latin and English require
a classical education to understand them.
We think that he underrates Scott's use
of Latin, e.g., Butler in ' The Heart
of Midlothian ' quotes Catullus twice —
though we agree that Scott was " never
a first-rate Latinist." Everywhere, how-
ever, in Mr. Lang's narrative there are
touches of delightful humour and sar-
casm, which generally embody sound
criticism, and which " the reading public "
can appreciate. He is by no means a
blind admirer of Scott, but he puts forward
some plain facts and conclusions which
ought to enlighten the uncritical and the
prejudiced. Thus the novels
" were as conspicuously open to criticism,
and were as severely handled by reviewers,
in Scott's own day as in our own. But, if
we may judge by endless new editions of all
sorts, and at various prices, the ' Waverley '
novels are not less popular now, than are,
for their little span, the most successful
flights of all-daring ignorance and bombastic
presumption."
Elsewhere he says : —
" In an age where an acquaintance with
Fitzgerald's ' Rubaiyat ' of Omar Khayyam,
an exhaustive ignorance of all the literature
of the past, and an especial contempt for
Scott, whom Fitzgerald so intensely admired,
are the equipment of many critics, we must
be very cautious in praising the ' Waverley '
novels."
Among points that are noteworthy
we may mention the suggestions that
Julia Mannering was derived from Lady
Scott, and that Scott's powers of steady
handwriting (" He once covered, without
interruption, a hundred and twenty pages
of folio at threepence the page ") were
due to his legal training, so that " the
office," the supposed enemy of literary
men, was of advantage to him later.
Mr. Lang supplies a clue, the use of
an historical manuscript, by which Scott,
though then " the Great Unknown,"
might have been detected as the author
of the Waverley Novels. A more likely
means of detection existed in the fact
that the young literary clerk of ' Rob Roy *
is found guilty in chap. ii. of a poem
which begins : —
0 for the voice of that wild horn,
On Fontarabian echoes borne.
Now ' Marmion ' (canto vi. stanza 33) has
0, for a blast of that dread horn,
On Fontarabian echoes borne.
A novelist of distinction would hardly,
we think, take two lines from somebody
else, a well-known poet, misquote them,
put a new continuation to them, and
represent the whole as original verses by
his young hero.
Mr. Lang calls the death of the Templar
in ' Ivanhoe ' a kind of miracle, and sug-
gests (half playfully, perhaps) his own
youthful solution of the difficulty — that
the Templar was struck by lightning, and
so could not meet his disabled opponent.
But is the sudden death really improbable?
Curiously enough, Lever in ' Charles
O'Malley ' (chap, lxii.) has an exactly
parallel scene. Trevyllian, a villainous
participator in a duel, dies like the Templar,
though he is not credited with heart
disease and
" no wound had pierced him. Some tre-
mendous contliet within had snapped tho
cords of life, and the strong man had perished
in his agony."
We have one complaint to make : it i*
really too bad of experts like Mr. Lang
414
Til E ATHKNjEUM
N#4098, Aihii. 7, 1906
and his publishers to produce ■ book
without .hi index. Then are some per-
tinent illustrations of Scott and his (in It-.
Mr. Norgate has, ire arc dad i<> say,
added ■ thorough index to nil volume.
It it clear that he has visited Scott's
country of late, and the illustrations of
phues. winch are liberally interspersed
in the text, are an excellent feature of his
book. His pages, as against Mr. Lang's
268, amount to ."US. and he has \vo\en
into his narrative with considerable skill
the details of Scott's life and intercourse
with men great and small. Sometimes
he deals more with the popular than the
significant side of biography, as when he
tells as that the old Bishop of Tarcntum
whom Scott visited had a superb Persian
eat. Hut lie has made some additions of
interest from sources not accessible to
Lockhart. and we are glad to have the
record of Scott's family after his death.
The chapter, by another hand, on Scott
as a lawyer, is bright, but of no special
value. Mr. Norgate's critical remarks on
the various poems and novels are judicious,
but we are surprised to find that he says
little or nothing of Scott's work as a whole.
The life of a man of letters surely ought to
include some record of the influence of his
work on his successors, and Scott was a
power on the Continent, and in the New
World, where his " feudal nonsense " has
been the subject of bitter attack, notably
by Mark Twain. Even Mr. Lang's final
chapter, on Scott's character and place in
literature, is rather thin. If Scott's
longer poems are, as seems generally
agreed, for the young and the local
enthusiast, his lyrics, such as ' Proud
Maisie,' are for everybody and for all
time. Scott's pre-eminence in tins line
is now generally recognized, though our
authors say little about it.
The differences between a Waverley
novel and the average modern production
of the sort are many, but we do not know
that they have been considered with care ;
and the novel of to-day is so formless and
unrestricted an affair as almost to defy
analysis. Scott, it may be noted, always
pictures the state of society on which his
figures are based ; nowhere will you find
better descriptions of the whole scene and
circumstances which make the varied, but
distinct background of human activity
and motive. He takes care to put you
in the way to understand what everybody
was doing or likely to do at the time ;
whereas a modern is so busy making his
hero and heroine talk that he can only
hint at their surroundings or the general
features of their times. At best lie lays
on " local colour " in conscientious, but
evident patches. If history is to be
gathered from the twentieth - century
best sellers," there will be odd ideas of
this present year of grace for the future
New Zealander to swallow.
En revanche, it may be noted that Scott
lacks the " nostalgie de l'lnfini," as Jane
Austen did. He is not concerned about
the soul or religious doubts ; he never
descends or ascends (as the reader pleases
to regard it) into metaphysics. He would
have treated the story of ' Measure for
Measure' with admirable moral sagacity,
hut vsitlicnit anv of that deep philosophic
reflection whi<h Bhakspearc assocu
with it. Scott looks beyond romantic
oi poetical justice ; Mr. Norgate does not
approve <>f the last part of ' The Heart of
Midlothian,1 hut it is clear from Scott's
tinal paragraph to the reader that he
could not let the guilty Koheit.-on gO
without the condign punishment of a
violent death. A more subtle modern
mind would, perhaps, have dwelt on the
mental tortures he and his wife endured
in high society until we were assured
that their sufferings were not unequal
to their crime.
We do not think it fair to suggest, as
an acute critic has done, that Scott did
not know women till late in life, and there-
fore never realized their true inwardness.
We prefer to be grateful for a reticence
which does not dwell on passion, the un-
disciplined mad side of love, and leaves
Diana Vernon a pearl among women, a fit
example for shrieking novelists and those
who would represent love, because it is
bound up with physical attraction, as
devoid of all spiritual elements.
Of the wonderful humour and pathos
of Scott's long picture gallery it is not,
we hope, necessary to speak. One or two
only of the world's masters in fiction,
Stevenson said, had Scott's " full, dark
brush." Let any one who is an artist
read again the simple scene of the death
of the young fisherman in ' The Antiquary,'
put the book by, and try later to rewrite
it, or compose a scene out of similar
materials. If he gets anywhere near
Scott, he is beyond most of the belauded
writers of to-day.
A History of Rome during the later Republic
and early Princijxite. By A. H. J.
Greenidge. — Vol. I. B.C. 133-104.
(Methuen & Co.)
This volume was intended to be the first
of six dealing with the history of Rome
for the two hundred years from the
Gracchi to the accession of Vespasian.
It is a period which inevitably attracts
the attention, but generally exhausts
the patience, of the student ; and the
time was ripe for a carefully written
history, which should incorporate all that
modern research could add to the standard
authorities upon the subject, and tell the
tale again. To succeed in this twofold
task is an ambition worthy of the best
efforts of any scholar ; and in conception,
at any rate, the present work is deserving
of praise.
In an introductory chapter of one
hundred pages the characteristics of the
period just before the Gracchi are care-
fully considered, with the special object
of setting forth the social and economic
problems with which the reformers had
to deal. The author is certainly at his
best where is he discussing some larger
issues such as these: he shows, in fact, more
skill in collecting and arranging the multi-
farious information bearing upon the
several parts of his subject than in relating
afresh the itotry ■<■- a whole. One cannot
h<lp feeling 'hat the indefatigable student
ha- given m in these pages the best that
research could supply, and the political
philosopher the products of hi- most
i areful thought : hut the result it i
entirely satisfactory, from the point of
view of history. Something ij yet lacking,
Now and again the author has d<
good pieces of work — for example, in I
nnnenma concerned with the character of
Tiberius Gracchus (p. 106), of Marina
(p. 301), and of Sulla (p. 444 Yet tl ..
do but justify the criticism pronounced
above, thai the particular jx>int or person
is well and truly treated, while the work
is disappointing as a whole from it- lack
of directness, proportion, and continuity.
We do not leave the discussion of a politi< ,1
question, or the description of a campaign,
with a really dear impression in our mind-:
and this is a pity where so much learning
has been employed and so much la hour
expended. With its 500 pages the
volume ought to be able to combine clear-
ness and completeness in its commentary
on a period of thirty years.
We believe that the real fault lies in
the writing ; for, though no one will doubt
the pains the author has taken, one must
make a virtue of necessity to admit that
the style of this book is interesting or
inspiriting. Now and again the patient
reader — and he must be patient — comes
across a sentence that satisfies the his-
torical sense ; but for the most part the
attention, which should be free for the
historical events, characters, and problems
under discussion, is diverted to the lan-
guage of the discussion. The sentei
are often too much like German, the argu-
ment often too close, to allow the reader
to take the book in generous doses. Return-
ing to the task with all goodwill, he is soon
entangled again in the tiresomely long
sentences and paragraphs, made none
the easier by the long, close-printed lines
of a broad page and by the absence of
paragraph-headings. We have no wish
to make history shallow in style or un-
scientific in treatment ; but we think that
the historian should be able to deliver
his message without inflicting a head-
ache upon us bv sheer intensity of
intellect. The following sentence (on
p. 262) may be taken as typical of the
difficult language in which this hook is
written. The claim of Cains Graochus to
greatness is said to rest
"partly on the finality with which lie re-
moved the jealousies of the hour from the
idle arena of daily political strife, and gave
them their place in the permanent machinery
or the constitution, there to remain us the
necessary condition of the precarious peace
or the internecine war which the jarring
clem, tits of a balance of power bring in
turn to its possessors."
Ik mortuis nil nisi bonum. The writer
of this review was engaged upon it when
he saw the announcement of Dr. Green
idge'fl death. What is written above,
then, is written in the pathetic knowledge
that it can no longer be of any service to
the author himself, whose silence leaves
history and scholarship the poorer to-day.
N° 4093, April 7, 1906
THE ATHENJEUM
415
But the example of devoted work which
he gave may well inspire others to take
<up the torch, and supply that need
which many classical students feel again
and again — a really good history of the
last century of the Roman republic and
the first of the principate.
The English Works of George Herbert,
newly arranged and annotated, and con-
sidered in relation to his Life. 3 vols.
By George Herbert Palmer. (Hodder
& Stoughton.)
Mr. George Herbert Palmer, from the
internal evidence of his book, is, we gather,
an American ; and in these three volumes
he has evidently raised a shrine over
the relics of his patron saint. Not
often has the naming of children after
eminent writers such a result. He has
accomplished a very thorough and loving
labour, bestowing exhaustive care on
•every part of Herbert's work, and doing
his best to correlate the work with the
man. He himself calls the result a
'" Dictionary of Herbert." It seems at
first excessive ; but there is little — beyond
a certain diftuseness — which has not
pertinence.
After a method growing into fashion,
he treats the various aspects of the poet
and his work in a series of introductory
■essays following the biography, and treats
them well. But he further groups the
poems to illustrate Herbert's life and the
stages of his inward development, and
enforces the connexion in an essay pre-
fixed to each group. These essays have
much to do with the disproportion between
text and comment ; yet few would wish
away what are among the most interesting
parts of the volumes. To each poem he
again prefixes a sort of schema, giving
under formal headings the date, Herbert's
■employment of the metre, notes on single
lines and passages, and a general state-
ment of the meaning of the poem. The
method makes for formal precision ; but
the anxiety about every variation of
metrical form seems a little pedantic, nor
can we reconcile ourselves to the prose
" argument " of each poem. It is for
" Herbert beginners," says Mr. Palmer.
But we cannot conceive that the man who
needs it should ever really taste Herbert's
poetry — despite a very intelligent person
who assured us he read ' The Ring and
the Book ' six times before he understood
it, " and really enjoyed it in the end."
The tragedy would have been too painful
if he had not, Mr. Palmer takes some
risks by the process ; but only once (as
shall be noted hereafter) have we chanced
on a slip of interpretation.
The edition includes all Herbert's prose
— tin- handful of letters, 'The Country
Parson,' a translation of Cornaro on
Temperance,' and notes on Valdesso's
' Divine Considerations.' The letters, of
course, are invaluable for their lights,
however limited, on the poet's life and
earlier character. Of the rest, only ' The
Country Parson' has any considerable
value. Full of Herbert's high-minded
practical wisdom, it pictures his own life
and work at Bemerton, in English vital
with the sap of the soil. These and the
poems are all the text, round which Mr.
Palmer has woven a mass of commentary
on which we can ourselves comment only
by selections.
The special value of his discriminating
comment is its freedom from the Bos-
wellian disease. He traverses with much
courage and independence the traditional
idea of Herbert. Vaughan called him the
" holy " George Herbert ; Walton sealed
the epithet to him for all posterity. The
fervent Walton, as we think, was intent
on canonizing a select body of saints in
the Established Church ; and Herbert's
is not the only ' Life ' which needs some
grains of allowance for its author's sincere
enthusiasm. Mr. Palmer says boldly and
sensibly that the poet, though earnestly
good, was not holy. In his earlier days
he was fain to think a little worldly ambi-
tion not irreconcilable with spirituality.
Even the gran rifiuto which led him to
Bemerton and the work of a country
parson did not end the struggle. He was
disappointed with the life, which did not
bring him peace ; disappointed at last
with the priesthood ; and almost to the
end there was conflict in him between
the spirit and a tenacious hankering for
the advantages of earth. It is just this
conflicting duality (as Mr. Palmer says)
which sympathetically brings him near
to our imperfect selves, sensible of a like
discord within us. His senses were keen :
he loved music ; his poems are sweet-
smelling with allusions to scent, vivid
with alertness of eye, full of the savour of
taste ; he was temperate by studious
restraint. Ease was pleasant to him :
his dreaded temptations were idleness
and women, and Mr. Palmer remarks that
sexual love to him is lust. The editor
appropriates a whole group of poems to
this inward " Struggle." We may perhaps
question some arbitrariness in this precise
allocation of poems to the stages of the
poet's psychical evolution, though the
grouping of the poems written in the
Cambridge and Bemerton periods respect-
ively is unimpeachable. But the alloca-
tion subserves Mr. Palmer's plan in relating
the poems to the life.
Herbert's admirable pregnancy of
thought and expression he developes
well, but is clearly troubled by the charge
of artificiality. Its frequency shows that
the impression is common. To us Herbert,
often failing in taste, is seldom artificial.
Mr. Palmer has the insight to say that
Herbert is never more full of passion than
when he is most '* artificial." Which
surely gives the ease away. " Impas-
sioned artificiality " ! — that is, wondrous
hot ice and most scalding snow. It is a
contradiction in te ins. This "artificiality "
is spontaneous and glowing ; as with
many other poets, it is natural to him,
though unnatural to the average modern
man. Like it or dislike it, call it \vh;it
you will — but not artificial.
Another trouble t<> Mr. Palmer is the
alleged uneouthness of the poet's metre.
He discriminates against it wordily and
sensibly, where few words would have
sufficed. Herbert is too true a poet not
to let the emotion mould his metre.
Thoughtful compression being the cha-
racter of his poetry, the emotion is grave
and pregnant, the metre therefore grave
and firm-knit, echoing the sententiousness-
and closeness of substance and expression.
The bones and muscles of speech are not
sacrificed to the adipose and lubricant
vowels. Melodious flow would be as
nonsensical as a Te Deum set to the Venus;
music in * Tannhauser.' But there is no
wanton harshness in Herbert's best poems.
It seems unknown nowadays that metre
is a means of expression. This poet can
have melodic beauty when it is appropriate
— witness the ' Easter Hymn.' Who that
has ear but must hear the lovely move-
ment of the first stanza, in particular —
which we could analyze were this the
place for it ? It is the last two stanzas
of this hymn that Mr. Palmer seems
curiously to misunderstand. Herbert
says, if the Sun and the East should offer
to contest " with Thy arising, they pre-
sume " ; and asks : —
Can there be any Day but this,
Though many suns to shine endeavour?
We count three hundred, but we miss ;
There is but One, and that One ever !
Mr. Palmer explains : —
" They would be presumptuous to com-
pare 'what they bring with what Easter
brings — All the three hundred days of the
year get their significance from this single
day."
Plainly, he takes " thy arising " as
addressed to Easter Day ; and the " one "
sun which is " ever," to be the Easter
sun. But Herbert is addressing the risen
Christ, and the " one " everlasting sun
is the Sun Christ (as in our quotation we
have emphasized by capitals). The mis-
take steals half the beauty and force from
the verses.
Coleridge long since remarked of one
of Herbert's poems that it was select
and beautifully right common speech, the
language which every educated gentleman
would wish to write. And (allowing for
changes of language) we think this true
of Herbert at his best. He has neither
the occasional Wordsworthian magic of
Vaughan nor the virtuosity of Crashaw ;
he utters the wisdom of practical virtue
in plain, choice speech, and imagery
sometimes homely, always felicitously apt,
with a feeling native to the general
human breast. The only obscurity is
that of close thought and imagery, not
of language.
In conclusion, Mr. Palmer gives, we
think, good reason for following Ferrer's
text, though he carefully supplies all the
variations of the .MSS. He turnishes an
index, and also Herbert's will ; while the
volumes are illustrated by portraits and
views of places connected with the poet's
life. The edition is an elaborate and
worthy monument to the gravely sweet,
and original genius who was the soune
and father of our religious lyric poets : —
Hither, m to their fountain, ot her nt;uH
Repair, and in their urns draw golden era
II*.
THE AT II KNiKUM
X 1093. April 7. 1000
Brief Lit- run/ Criticisms. By the 1 . » t « -
Richard noil Button. Selected from
I ctator by hifl Niece, Elizabeth
. If. Etoscoe. (Maomillao & Co.)
\ ooixw ikin of shorl essays, especially
when reprinted from a newspaper, can
never entirely satisfy. The writer is
necessarily debarred from completely prov-
ing his premises or illustrating liis lines
of argument. We are for ever being
hurried on to a new subject, treated
probably from a different point of \ iew.
without Substantiating conclusions on any.
■But, on the other hand, a series of this
hind, from its very diversity, throws much
light on the author's character; and, in
the case of so honest and consistent a
man as Mr. Hutton, resemhles a critical
journal or autobiography. It serves as a
personal introduction, an opportunity for
talk ; and the effect is enhanced by Miss
Roscoe's judicious arrangement, which
ignores " the chronological sequence,"
and places together ait icles which touch
"on the same or similar subjects."
Our author, of course, was so long and
intimately connected with The Spectator
that the public is already familiar with
his general attitude towards men and
books ; but the opportunity of studying
his opinions consecutively must deepen
the impression of a vigorous and acute
personality.
That personality, maybe, will seem
rather conventional and old-fashioned
to the present generation. There are
idols in our market-place of which he
knew little, and for which he cared
less : many now look for little beyond
" effect " in stjde and novelty in judgment.
But, for that very reason, the serious
critic will study with special interest the
outlook of a writer whose mind dwelt
with Wordsworth, Tennj-son, and Matthew
Arnold ; with Scott, Dickens, and George
Eliot.
Mr. Hutton, undoubtedly, had a special
bias for the didactic in poetry and fiction :
his religion is sincere and complacent,
though never narrow ; and he cares
little for any work of art not founded on
moral purpose. But, after all, the sermon
is popular with the English people ;
and his leanings are particularly cha-
racteristic of his generation. On every
subject that appeals to him he is eminently
suggestive.
He is justified, for example, in the un-
expected judgment that Wordsworth was
no egotist, as " the peculiarly inward turn
of his mind " has led the world to assume.
The poet once " told a friend that he had
never written love-poetry because he
dared not : it would have been too
passionate.'* He felt deeply for nature
and humanity, but
*' he was warned by some inward instinct
always to restrain emotion, however strong
and stormy, till he could find a peaceful
and lucid reflection of it in the mirror of a
quiet mind "
— a mode of "treating his own feelings
altogether alien to the method of the
mass of mankind."
In claiming for Scott " the business
insighl of ;t shrewd realist," because his
stories "move amidst tin- bewildering
paradoxes of human rial are on ,( i ,
Uld not on the narrow Stage of
mere adventure and romance, ** Mr. Hutton,
of OOUrse, is thinking of true realism, and
has no intention of belittling that great
novelisl by association with the M modern
school " which he elsewhere heartily con-
demns. In the jargon of to-day Bcotl
is naturally quoted as the greatest of
English romance-writers ; hut his " con-
crete and rich detail " of colouring
remains of the highest significance to his
art.
Our author, again, is probably »ight in
contending that Matthew Arnold, " nega-
tive as the outcome of his thought too
frequently is," was always " lucid and
confident, dogmatic even in his denials of
dogma." The comparison between his
" sharply chiselled lines " and the " freer
sweep, but more uncertain drift," of the
too often neglected Clough, is excellent ;
and it is certainly true that either poet
" felt keenly that there was something in
man, as well as in the universe outside man,
which rendered it impossible to attain the
highest freedom without submitting himself
to the mysterious yoke within him — a yoke
which he would not ignore, though he would
not welcome it."
The singers of Doubt cannot escape the
Unseen.
Mr. Hutton's welcome and insistent
praise of Dickens cannot be fairly sum-
marized in a sentence. Most people agree
that the author of ' The Pickwick Papers '
was, despite his detractors, a great humour-
ist, though he never rose to the " delicate
painting of emotion " and his pathos was
nearly always melodramatic. George
Eliot is probably, at the moment, less
popular than any of the other great
Victorians ; and a discreet eulogy of her
work is well timed. Her exceptional
" largeness of mind " in reason and ima-
gination, and her deep insight into human
nature, must ultimately triumph with
posterity ; though Mr. Hutton has touched
her weak spot in noting that " the tone
of feeling prevailing in her novels goes far
in advance even of their direct moral
teaching." Her laborious and academic
speculations overshadow her noblest scenes,
and she " almost uniformly quenches her
ideal light in gloom."
The volume contains many other reflec-
tions of incidental worth : that in reality
Carlyle loved " divine force " more than
truth ; that "every great poem has been a
great stroke for freedom, for the freedom
of the heart and mind"; and that hardly
one of Wordsworth's poems " beats with
the quick throb of the lyric." Mr. Hutton's
attitude towards the Froude-Carlyle con-
troversy and the publication of Keats's
letters to Fanny Brawne is sound and
characteristic ; and the daring of his
claim for ('lough's incomplete studies
of faith, morality, and love deserves
notice. He quotes, with just enthusiasm,
from ' The Bothie of Tober-na-Vuolich,' a
" curiously subtle passage on love ' in the
making ' which most wait for its popularity
till the human heart understands itself
1. '■> r. iiii'l i-, frnnk'T with it-«lf, hut whi<h
will have its popularity th
\\ •• have already hinted that
I: editorial work hits been well
done ; hut tin - diould not b
been issued without an index, and one
eta that undue reverence for her
author baa restrained her from occasion-
ally emending his text, in the hurry of
press-work Mr. Hutton slipped into a
few careless expressions, which so careful
a writer would have unhesitatingly
corrected in the course of revision.
'Tennyson studies poems ; Browning, it
might almost be -aid. studies the neglect
of these qualities," is obviously a misprint ;
and the reference to spurious oratory
" toppliner down into very closely allied
nonsense has gone astray. Surely an
editor is justified at times in saving aa
author from himself.
NEW NOVELS.
The Wheel of Life. By Ellen Glasgow.
(Constable & Co.)
There is no question as to the cleverness
of Miss Glasgow ; the very texture of her
writing discovers that to an experienced,
eye. But she has a psychological fluency
which is almost alarming. She will take
you through the whole course of a cha-
racter's thoughts, meditations, and remi-
niscences, between breakfast eggs, in a
dozen pages, and you will be convinced
that she is right. But at the same time
you would rather have been spared them ;
for, frankly, you see no necessity for the
intrusion. Psychology for the sake of
psychology seems to appeal to the author.
The average level of the tale is extra-
ordinarily high, but it does not rise to-
anything that matters very much any-
where. And it has the feminine vice of
heroizing. Most of Miss Glasgow's men
are of sound human flesh, particularly
the sensual Bridewell and his cousin ; but
the author must have a hero marked out
for the post from the outset. And thus
we are introduced to the hardworking,
good-hearted Adams, whose noble cha-
racter shines in a naughty world. Adams,
alas ! is not of human blood. But the
women of the. tale arc excellent. So far
as the structure of the novel goes, its
main fault is that it is concerned with
the fortunes of various groups of people,
and is thus somewhat formless. But that
charge could be levelled against a muchi
greater work — ' Middleman?!!.'
The Great Refusal. By Maxwell Gray.
(John Long.)
The reform of industrialism and trade-
and finance cannot be satisfactorily dis-
cussed in a review of a novel, so we need
only say that this trenchant indictment
of modern society would have been more
satisfactory had less been made of the
crude and callow attempts of the hero and
his friends towards " true civilization. ,v
A millionaire's son, a dreamy dilettante,
who, finding his father's business dis-
honest, declines to become a partner, and
N° 4093, April 7, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
417
so is thrown upon his own resources, may
command respect, but does not ipso facto
blossom into an inspired economist. More-
over, he is consciously in love with the
worldly daughter of an Irish earl, and
subconsciously with her cousin, who comes
" out first in Greats, distancing even those
dominant males," and then devotes her-
self to a social settlement in East London
connected with a male University settle-
ment in which the hero and his college
friends are intimately concerned ; while
both ladies fall in love with him at first
sight. Such conditions are not conducive
to the solution of problems which have
baffled the profoundest thinkers. How-
ever, the youth and his fluctuating
entourage are sufficiently interesting, and
the story presents several effective situa-
tions, which are carefully mounted.
But the young reformers strain painfully
after epigram.
The Shadow of Life. By Anne Douglas
Sedgwick. (Constable & Co.)
The author of this long, careful novel
may be relied upon for conscientious
workmanslnp and genuine study of cha-
racter. The present book is a remarkably
close analysis of the lives and characters
of a man and a woman from childhood
to maturity. The subsidiary figures also
are handled with intelligent care ; but
upon these two, particularly upon the
less worthy of them, the nicety of micro-
scopic work has been lavished. With nothing
but praise for method so thorough, we
cannot withold regret that it should
have been expended upon the spiritless
hero. If a creature so lacking in the sap
of humanity can exist — and it is true that
our age has produced some tolerably back-
boneless people — here is his portrait
to the life, a finished production. But a
study of such a figure is rather patho-
logical than romantic, and we fear it will
either tire the average reader or exasperate
him past bearing. A man who can love
a woman deeply, desire her greatly,
experience biting jealousy regarding her,
and extort from her a confession of her
absolute devotion to him, becomes simply
intolerable when he leaves her to die of a
broken heart, because his fancied lack of
interest in life suggests that he cannot
make a proper husband. Withal, the
thing has been done really well.
The Fifth Queen. By Ford Madox Hueffer.
(Alston Rivers.)
Mr. Hueffer makes occasional mistakes ;
his generalizations are weak and faulty
at times; but his writing is not slipshod,
though he is prolific. His latest book is per-
haps his hest, and in the historical novel
of England's spacious days he may have
discovered his metier. The " Fifth
Queen " of the title is Catharine Howard,
and the story furnishes noteworthy por-
traits of the eighth Henry, Privy Seal
( romweh, Bishop Gardiner, and the ill-fated
fifth queen herself. The story is good, as
such, and some distinction is lent to it
by two facts : the author has saturate <l
himself in the atmosphere and colour of
the period he deals with, and he has
followed history not slavishly, but as
one who reads his own conceptions
into the records of the age. Here and
there we are irritated by the author's
regrettable practice of continually revert-
ing to any phrase or word which has
pleased him. As his taste in phrases
favours the curious and bizarre, this weak-
ness is made the more prominent. Some
will find the language used too full-
flavoured, but it is not discordant.
The Mystery of the Shadow. By Fergus
Hume. (Cassell & Co.)
A murderer who masquerades under the
guise of the family ghost is a very fearsome
being, especially when he appears sil-
houetted against a lighted window by
night in the act of seizing his prey. The
circumstance that the murder is thus
committed within sight of witnesses lends
a certain novelty to a style of work which
Mr. Hume long ago rendered familiar.
The purpose of this story is gradually to
reveal the identity of the criminal. Sus-
picion is adroitly thrown upon one person
after another, and the reader is kept in
suspense until the very sensational close.
There is ability in the book, but the author
has shown himself capable of better things.
Lads of the Fancy. By George Bartram.
(Duckworth & Co.)
Here we have a picture, fairly well worked
out in detail, of the year 1811, when the
prize-ring and the Corinthians, hard
drinking and heavy gambling, were in
vogue. The story has a healthy, open-air
smack about it, but there is not very
much plot, and the whole lacks distinction
in the telling. The main threads of the
narrative are gathered round a wonderful
Bow Street runner, who is a vast deal
cleverer and honester than most of the
folks whom he has to deal with — a man
too good, we venture to think, for his
time and his class, but endowed by the
author with a wonderful talent for playing
the deus ex machina.
The Belle of Bowling Green. By A. E.
Barr. (John Long.)
A simple tale concerning the wealthy
residents of Dutch extraction in New
York about the period of our war with the
United States, 1812-14, makes a welcome
change from the numerous romances
dealing with the War of Independence
and other hackneyed periods of American
history. The heroine's father was one of
those dignified and unostentatious citizens
who lived in comfort and elegance round
the Fort and the Bowling Green. Not-
withstanding—perhaps because of — the
absence of mystery and crime and violent
action, interest is well sustained by a lively
representation of the quickly shifting
lights and shades of family life and court-
ship. Political antipathies, the war, the
mischief-making of a vain and coquettish
cousin, and the perplexities attending the
gradual extinction of duelling among
speakers of English effectually prevent
the course of the belle's true love for a
handsome youth of Scotch extraction
from running smooth. Several of the
characters, especially the belle's relatives,
are effectively sketched ; and the quaint
inversions of the Dutch-American English
help to enliven the portraits. So tactfully
is the topic of the war handled that it is
uncertain to which side the sympathies of
the author incline.
The Bishop's Apron. By W. S. Maugham.
(Chapman & Hall.)
This pleasant satire concerns the ambition
and social diplomacy of a blameless
ecclesiastic. The Honourable and Reve-
rend Canon Theodore Spratte is the ener-
getic incumbent of a fashionable London
parish, and has the apostolic desire for a
bishopric the more strongly as he is
anxious to confirm the position of his
family, ennobled through his father, a
Lord Chancellor whose origin was obscure.
He has a ribald elder brother, a conven-
tional curate for a son, and a daughter who
falls in love with a Socialistic lecturer.
The fortunes of this circle are the occasion
for much epigram, and several life-like
social sketches.
Barr & Son. By Edwin Elliot. (Elliot
Stock.)
Opening well in a Bermondsey builder's
yard, with more than a promise of a good
story concerning the labour problem,
' Barr & Son ' fails in its later chapters
to retain our attention. A sub-title calls
it the story of a modern knight-errant.
The gentleman in question, Randolph
Villiers Trevanion, Viscount Ulchester,
renouncing the luxury of presumably
comparative idleness to work as a joiner
in a Bermondsey firm, in order to study
at first hand the lives and surroundings
of working men and women, forms with
his protege Reuben Strong and the two
Barr sisters, Rachel and Polly, a counter-
balance of virtue to the inevitable Bern-
stein (a rich usurer, sometime spy, informer,
and traitor) and his wife. She is supposed
to have no interest in life except a revo-
lutionary society which gives a back-
ground of continental colour to the more
prosaic English scenes. Anonymous and
intercepted letters play an unduly large
part in the plot, and the love affaire of
both sisters are not very convincing., but
some of the situations are dramatic.
JOURNEYINGS AT HOME AND
ABROAh.
Highways and Byways in Oxford and the
Cotsivold.t (Macmillan), by U. A. Evans, is
an excellent, example of a scries which
maintains a high level both of Letterpress
and illustrations. The- author wisely, wo
tlimU - docs not spend much time in Oxford
itself, but takes the northern half of the
basin of the Upper Thames, a largo area
which he docs not pretend to exhaust. It
is a district of exceptional interest, both for
■n-
Til K A Til KN.KI' M
N I \i-i:il. 7, 18
n~ niitiirnl beauties and it mouu-
Hunts and associations, unci, being rather
out oi the world of trains, it is little- known
to the tourist. Mj I tC0Pj '"'' a"
• nil touch of affeetat ion, writ
w.-ll, and displays a knowledge alike of
architecture, history, and botany. G
use lias been made of the best hook- on
the subject, and Mr. Evans has a talent
for divagation with his bicycle which ha-
led him to many pleasant discovt ries. Occa
sionally he Beems to the present reviewer
(horn and bred in the district) to have
missed delectable things; but thai is.
perhaps, onh natural. He has a good hold
of local traditions, too, though he has not
found one for Tr litor's Ford. Cromwellians
flying, with a heavy carriage, from the battle
ot Edge Hill, drowned in the stream (which
must have been much bigger then than it is
now), and regarded by the king's men as
traitors suitably punished, form the explana-
tion supplied by oral hire. Mr. F. L.
Griggs's illustrations are all good. Holidaj
makers cannot do better than follow in
Mr. Evans's footsteps. He gives full credit
to his predecessors, and has an easy way of
introducing his own hits of history and
adventure which makes the volume light,
though it is of solid value. We note that
the three maps at the end are not of much
use. being on so small a scale as an inch to
five miles. The hills are severe, and distinct
indication of them would have been useful
for the traveller. That from Long Oompton
to Chipping Norton was celebrated for its
trial of horses in the old coach days. The
word " tableland " can hardly be applied
to an}- part of a region so varied in its drops
and altitudes.
In Literary Rambles in the West of England
(Chatto & Windus) Mr. A. L. Salmon has a
good subject, and a multitude of celebrities
to bring forward, including Borrow, Gay,
Herrick, Hawker of Morwenstow, Coleridge,
Tennyson, and Richard Jefferies. He "deals
with the living memories of his localities,
rather than with their dryasdust antiquities
or unimportant provincialisms." In fact,
he does not speak of his experiences of places
so much as of the people who lived or stayed
in them. He is fluent, but his manner is
journalistic rather than literary. Many of
his stories and references will be of interest
to the ordinary man, though they are per-
fectly well known to the man of letters.
Short accounts of such poets as Herrick
and Keats need more critical power than is
shown here. In speaking of the latter Mr.
Salmon misquotes Wordsworth. It is possibly
a defect of style that he appears to patronize
occasionally, in unsuitable fashion, men who
should be secure from such treatment. There
are repetitions throughout which should havo
been avoided, and we note a tendency to
wordy generalities. Still, the book may
please its audience : the author certainly
shows industry.
Rambles in Brittany. By Francis Milt nun.
(Duckworth & Co.) — Mr. Miltoun has here
written a nice chatty hook about Brittany,
dedicated to the landlady of his hotel. We
feel a little shy about criticizing books
meant, perhaps, for quite another public
than our own. hut it is not clear how a
song whose burden is " Vive le roi ! Vive
bonis : " took its rise in the days of Francis I.
Mr. Miltoun seems to have a passion for im-
parting information in appendixes some of
it inaccurate. .\ map 01 the departments
of France is introduced apropos of nothing
— and Labelled 'The Provinces of France
(p. .'{.">!»). with an account of the metric
Bystem, and a diagram from an unacknow-
ledged source, of the various parts of a
feudal chateau. .Miss McManus contributes
i ie amu iing sketches and ■ I
/•• Furtht r Ardei • ttu Grand
I ),,. /. v of Lu " mbourg. T. II.
1 1 >'-i.t & ( 'o. ) At lii
! hook. Tin Bub ■ ' • lod and
unhackneyed, and its illustration is oon-
.i ''Hi .1 number ol \ erj good
photographs. If the author had i
himself to w hat he knew and - • ■ .
told on good authority, he would have made
a noteworthy addition to the very Lin
number of works on his subject, lint un-
fortunately he has over estimated his powers,
does not hope for much enlightenment
on "'feudal society from a writer who
speaks of a successor of Charlema the
nan Kuipernr " ; but one is truly
inished to find such statements as th(
"A Beigneur who oppressed or browbeat hi-^
vassals unduly would have been left to the tender
meroies of his marauding neighbours. There was
no obligation upon them t<> stay."
"The sort's case was not hopeless. Liberty and
even the honours of chivalry were open to him."
"The art of writing represented a standard of
erudition somewhere about the modern level of
S inskrit or the differential calculus."
" High Justice " — to him — relates "to crimes
which could entail corporal punishment,"
" Low Justice" to " land-property and rents."
With a general knowledge of this sort as
basis, the history of Luxembourg is com-
mented on at length in a style which
does nob please us. But after all, as Mr.
Passmorc reminds us on his title-page,
" Tout paysage estun etat [sic] d'ame," and
it is no use to dispute about souls any more
than about taste.
The Jordan Valley and Petra. By W.
Libbey and Franklin E. Hoskins. (Put-
nam's Sons.) — This entertaining book gives
an account of the adventures of two Ame-
rican tourists on the Eastern side of the
Jordan — a country which they explored all
the wray from the Sea of Galilee to Petra
be3Tond the Dead Sea. They returned from
Petra by a most laborious and distressing
route, touching the south shore of that sea,
and incurred much suffering from thirst.
It was a great change from the consistent
comforts and amenities of their progress.
They tell us rather too much about them-
selves, their cooks, their servants, their
appointments, and though they give us a
good many descriptions of and suggestions
on the strange geology of the country, and
ordinary orthodox illustrations from the
Bible, they have not been at pains to sketch
the history of the Decapolis, the episode
of the Crusaders, or the many problems
about the origin of so strange a city as Petra.
This and Gerasa were the most important
places they visited, and both are indeed
full of interest. But if it be true that many
inscriptions have been unearthed by the
Circassians whom the Porte planted some
years ago on the edge of the Arabian desert,
our travellers might have employed their
cameras far better in reproducing them
than in giving us dull pictures of the
stony deserts through which they wandered.
They are themselves delighted with their
work, but a desert picture without its
colours is naught, and nothing could be
more disappointing than the views round
Petra, which give the reader no idea what-
ever of tli<' strange features fully described
in the text. In the gorge of the city itself
the colours of the rocks are most wonderful,
as every traveller has testified; but except
from two pictures which show us t he narrow
honors of the canon, we gain no knowledge.
The pictures of Gerasa, being of archi-
tecture, are far more satisfactory, as are
ial rock facades at Petra. Hut
where the 'hat they havo
found in the former the most |
city -t ill to be should hk>
An- thfl colonnades and temples -till visible
work ? I
appear late Roman I
■ sal might ha\ e built ; nor
have the authors BUppUl 'hat
ke Antioch, the product of
true Hellenism. They strn
to be picturesque in their Btyle, bat
they i,. v. r approach the \ i\ idi the
i1 travellers who I
of country— Burton, Palgrave, above all
Doughty, whose brilliant opening chapter
on the Hadj caravan going from Dams
along the eastern side of the Jordan valley
i- not to d.
Tin-re are in the appendix curious pi< I
of the mosaic geographical map found on a
floor at Madeba ; but the authors tell us
nothing of the literature of the subject, nor
do they give translations of the late Greek
texts, which seem very legible. No doubt they
are correct in their belief that Petra is one
of the most astonishing places in the world.
I; is still, we believe, beyond the range of
the ordinary Cook's tourist, and in any case
it must remain for many a year difficult and
expensive of access. A lively personal
record of so exceptional a visit cannot but
be welcome to the many to whom such
adventures must remain a matter of books.
We therefore anticipate a wide popularity for
Messrs. Libbey and Hoskins's book. It is
unfortunately printed on that heavy glazed
paper which may be convenient for repro-
ducing pictures, but is both fatiguing to
hold up, and very unpleasant for reading at
night. It is a great pity that such material
should not be confined to full-page illustra-
tions. We have often made this protest, but
in vain ; so also we cannot reconcile our-
selves to the disappearance of the good
old word place, for which the present authors
persistently substitute location.
At the Gates of the East. By Lieut. -Col.
J. P. Barry. (Longmans &"Co.) — The
author of this lively book is a medical
colonel and an Irishman. Its main object,
beyond the intense pleasure it must haveciven
the author himself, is to instruct old Indian
civil servants in the best ways of employing
that leisure which seems to hang heavily on
them when they return to Europe. It will
be somewhat of a surprise to the ordinary
reader that, of all the places Col. Barry has
studied as health resorts, Innsbruck strikes
him as the best. He does not tell us what
intellectual pleasures that city affords : but
we presume his opinion on the climate and
material comforts of the place is that of an
expert, and therefore to be trusted. He
makes several tours from Trieste as a centre,
and tells us about various parts ot the Mediter-
ranean where the Austrian Lloyd Company
plies. There are some pretty photographs
throughout the book, especially those of the
Dalmatian coast : and he has the good sense
to put marks of quantity on such names as
Cattaro, Sebenico, and Quarnero. which arc
open mispronounced. A book written in let-
ters to a newspaper, and embracing Athens.
Constantinople. Vienna, ami Cairo amrung
capitals, Greece and the Balkan lands for
its payaagee, could hardly be anything but
superficial. We cannot reasonably com-
plain so far. But when the author becomes
eloquent or sent imentnl. as he often d>
lie is apt to show imperfect knowledge, and
make st atements which jar on the educated
reader. When he speaks of ' Cosi fan Tutti '
as an aria, of the " frenzied Bacchanals of
the Kleusinia." of Verdi as "unsparing to
his sopranos," of the- use of donkeys by
N<
4093, April 7,
1906
THE ATHEN^UM
419
everybody at Cairo, of the railway " ploughing
its course among the ruined fanes of Delphi,"
of the Isthmian wall that was a rampart
during interminable wars in Greece, of the
heroes of the Trojan war flocking to Epi-
daurus as a fashionable resort (he ought to
know that this place was in late days the
Lourdes of Greece, and was not in favour
with his professional ancestors, the great
school of Cos), of " a British admiral ending
the Greek War of Liberation by kicking
the Grand Turk into the sea at Navarino,"
of the ' Hermes ' of Praxiteles " retaining
its original polish." our judgment is surety
more than justified. Yet, notwithstanding
such things, the book is pleasant and often
instructive.
Mr. Oscar T. Crosby is a retired engineer
officer of the United States army, who in the
latter half of 1903 accomplished a journey
across Russian and Chinese Turkestan into
Ladakh, Kashmir, and India. On the way
he penetrated into the districts of Western
Tibet, but, like Capt. Rawling, he failed to
reach Rudok. The narrative of his journey
is entitled Tibet and Turkistan (Putnam's
Sons) ; but as he did not really visit Tibet,
except a very limited portion of its extreme
western fringe, it might have been better to
give the volume a different title. We
cannot rate Mr. Crosby's book high, although
we can readily understand that it may be
useful and informing to the American reader,
who is under no compulsion to make himself
acquainted with every book that appears
on the subject of Tibet. Somebody claims
on Mr. Crosby's behalf that he is the only
English-speaking traveller from whom " an
independent discussion " of the Tibetan
question can be expected. This pretension
is rather a " tall order," to use an American-
ism, and the discussion of the Tibetan cam-
paign and treaty in the last few chapters
does not add anything to our knowledge.
The progress of events has played havoc
with some of Mr. Crosby's predictions.
What he calls " the rape of Tibet " does not
seem to have produced " that fear of us in
Tibetan hearts " on which he descants at
considerable length ; and the visit of the
Tashi Lama to India is not the only refuta-
tion that could be brought forward of the
author's slightly alarmist and pessimistic
theories. We notice some historical slips,
such as the treaty of Canton in place of
Nanking, and a statement that " the
Jammu Maharajah was once the enemy of
th'' British." Jammu and Kashmir were
sold to the first Maharajah, Gholab Singh, in
1846 by the British, as a reward for his
loyalty in the first Sikh war. As the book
is likely to be widely read in the United
States, it is to be hoped that the authors
insinuations about our policy and future
plans in Tibet constituting a violation of the
principle of " the integrity of China " will
not be accepted as gospel. Mr. Crosby does
not seem to be aware that the suzerainty of
China over Tibet has been formally accepted
by the Com rnment of Tndia.
The /■:!> w n Eaglets of the West. By Paul
Fountain. (John Murray.) — What Mi.
Fountain calls the "Eaglets of the West "
are the States or Territories of California,
Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming,
'una, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New
M \ico, and Nevada. His book is the record
d journeys made by him in the days
when the Wild West was, with a few excep-
tions, still a wilderness. Ho travelled with
a strong party, and was usually, if not
always, accompanied by a waggon, which,
with infinite labour and astonishing success.
was dragged through forest-, over rocky
heights, and across sandy deserts. Appa-
rently his ostensible, if not his real object
was that of trading with the Indians and the
pioneer white settlers. Mr. Fountain is
evidently a keen and intelligent observer,
with an enthusiastic love of the wilderness,
and a wholesome dislike of the " sportsmen "
who have ruthlessly massacred the wild
animals of the West. He tells the story of
his adventures in a simple, straightforward
way, but the conclusions which he sometimes
draws from them are not altogether convinc-
ing. He disbelieves wholly in the Dar-
winian theory, and asserts that " animals
occupy the habitats to which they were
originally appointed by their Creator." He
tells us that " hibernation is not sleep," but
that it is " a state of temporary death."
He does not conceal his contempt for " pro-
fessional naturalists," for the reason that
he has had " proof that many of the most
widely accepted of their doctrines are of no
real value." Mr. Fountain holds that
" civilization is all very well in its place, but
half a man's life should be spent hunting."
Assertions such as these certainly do not
add to the value of the book, while they
throw a strong light on the temperament
of the author. He has a genuine love of
Nature, and in view of the life he has led it
is not strange that he should be somewhat
intolerant of men who have studied Nature
in books instead of in the open air. and
have written in well - appointed libraries
instead of windy and rain-beaten tents.
Doubtless " professional naturalists " are
fallible, but their mistakes are probably
few, and small in comparison with
the mistakes made by men who rely
solely on their own observations, and
then draw from them conclusions that are
not to be trusted. But the faults of Mr.
Fountain's book cannot detract seriously
from its value. Many who have felt the
fascination of the wilderness will find in
him a sympathetic companion. ' The Eleven
Eaglets of the West ' will have permanent
interest as an account of the extreme West
as it was forty years ago.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
To the making of Stevensoniana there is
no end. Every one who visited Samoa
during Stevenson's sojourn in the islands
seems qualified to wiite a book, and desirous
of doing so. Books are produced on Steven-
son's genius, on his influence, and on his
religion. They are a testimony to the value
of the man as a factor in modern letters, but
are becoming a little tiresome. It would
perhaps have seemed that a contribution by
the novelist's mother to such ana might
fall outside the scope of this criticism ; but
there is no particular justification for the
issue of Letters from Samoa, L891-1895
(Methuen), being Mrs. M. T. Stevenson's
correspondence with her friends during those
years. The volume has been edited by
Miss Marie Clothilde Balfour, and the letters
were apparently addressed to Mrs. Jane
Whyte Balfour, who dedicates them to
Mrs. I'. L. Stevenson. It is all a family
affair, in which the public is not called upon
to intermeddle. Had the Letters contained
anything ooteworl hy, either for its own sake.
or as illustrative of Stevenson's character
or genius, they would have been welcome.
Bu1 the volume is merely an amiable record
of the doings of the family, and of events
of interest to it in the South seas. What.
for instance, can be the public value of such
pa ag - (and they are numerous) as this 7
"Well, the cavalcade returned in triumph on
the afternoon of the 6th, bringing <■ with
them. We arc all delighted w ith him, &o,
No doubt it was interesting to the writer,
and probably to the recipient ; and G 's
sympathies would obviously be enlisted.
But there is no reason for its intrusion on
the public in bold print. The one thing to
which a reader would turn with curiosity would
be the account of Stevenson's death ; but
these letters shed no new light on that un-
timely ending. Stevenson, indeed, as a
public character, has been squeezed dry,
unless Mr. Colvin has something in reserve
for us. Stevenson as a man of letters, on the
other hand, is of abiding interest.
Elizabeth Barrett Brotoning in her Letters.
By Percy Lubbock. (Smith, Elder & Co.)
— In view of the recent centenaiy of the
birth of Mrs. Browning, the appearance of
this volume is timely and welcome. The
story of her life, the long seclusion enforced
by ill-health yet rendered tolerable by an
early and full measure of literary fame —
culminating in the delightful romance of
middle age and the succeeding years of scarce-
looked-for happiness, must always have its
appeal, if only for the winning and essentially
feminine personality of its heroine. Mr.
Lubbock has done his work of arrangement
and comment skilfully and judiciously.
Where he has occasion to touch on Mrs*
Browning's poetry, he is, on the whole,
fair and discriminative ; he deals indulgently
with those enthusiasms, or rather crazes —
for liberty as personified in Louis Napoleon,
and for spiritualism — which came to her in
later life ; while he stoutly combats the idea
that the latter ever raised the shadow of a
cloud between the husband and wife, despite
their widely divergent views. This diver-
gence, be it noted, receives fresh illustration
here in two letters, hitherto unpublished,
to Miss de Gaudrion — one from Mrs. Brown-
ing, the other (an enclosure, and in the third
person) from Robert Browning. They have
reference to a seance at the house of a friend
where D. D. Home or Hume seems to have
been the medium ; and Mrs. Browning's
earnest, if cautious expression of belief finds
an almost humorous contrast in the cha-
racteristic words of her husband : —
"Mr. Browning had some difficulty in keeping
from an offensive expression of his feelings at
Mr. \s — he has since seen Mr. Hume and
relieved himself."
Though some may cavil at opinions ex-
pressed by Mr. Lubbock here and there, as,
for instance, at his estimate of the relative
merits of ' Lady Geraldine's Courtship ' and
' The Dead Pan.' he has been eminently
successful in weaving the letters into a
charming and sympathetic biography.
The new edition of Sir Henry Maine's
Ancient Lau\ which Mr. Murray has brought
out under the editorship of Sir Frederick
Pollock, is likely to remain definitive for a
good many years. His qualifications to state
the present position of the many contro-
versies raised by Maine's great work will
be universally recognized. He sums up
everywhere with knowledge and force, and.
what is better, with brevity. Students,
indeed, cannot hope to find within the limits
of a note the whole material for a judgment
on the vexed questions of " Patria Potestas "
and " Female Kinship " ; but the average
reader will learn a great deal -in fact, quite
as much as he wants to know -from the
excellent survey supplied. Examination
candidates- and they are. alas! the bulk of
Maine's readers will perforce read this edi-
tion. Us price will further recommend it.
The Introduction seems a little inadequate.
Probably this is due to the need of being
brief; but a more elaborate study of
Maine's position among histoiians would not
have been out of place.
I Ml
T II K ATI! KN/KUM
N 1093, April 7, 1906
Mil. A. I.. HUMPHREYS publishes in 'i COtt-
\ .tn.-nt red volume, which recalls tlmt >'f
Mr rhainli. I In ill. but is somewhat lai
Mr. Winston Churchill'i speeches on the
fiscal question, oolleoted under the title
l''nr I ' l< .
\\ isbs. Smith, Eldbb & Co. publish With
Mounted Infantry in Tibet, by Major Ottlev,
whose Bervieea in oonnexion with the specially
formed force of I ml inn troops are well known.
The book is pleasant reading, and illustrated
!>v exoellent photographs which have high
interest ; but there is nothing in the text
which culls for detailed notice.
\ Egypt. By A. B. de Guerville'
(Heinemann.)— M. de Guerville is, we take
it, a Frenchman of the modern type, which
takes to travelling as a duck takes to water,
and we BOS that his last book was published
in Paris and dealt with Japan. Hence we
wero prepared, even without the hint in the
Introduction, for a book of " impressions,"
and we are bound to say that we are not dis-
appointed. Yet M. de Guerville's handsome
volume differs in some points from the usual
" globe-trotter's " book. In the first place,
it is extremely well illustrated by photo-
graphs, some of which possess a high degree
of artistic merit, while all are chosen with
instinctive taste. Again, the author, not
having the fear of Mrs. Grundy before his
eyes, touches upon some matters which an
Englishman would not have referred to, and
we are given a full dose of all the scandal
he could pick up in a country thronged with
tourists who have plenty of time to talk
scandal from morning to night. Whether
the gossip he retails is always well founded
the author has apparently not troubled to
inquire ; and in the matter of the fascination
exercised by the native dragoman over his
fair clients from America and Europe we
should imagine that M. de Guerville has let
his imagination run away with him. Yet
tho result is certainly a very entertaining
book, which no one who concerns himself
with things Egyptian can afford to pass by.
Graver matters, moreover, are by no means
neglected by him. By steadily interviewing
all the native officials he came across, from
the Khedive downward, ho succeeded in
getting together something like a consensus
of opinion on a subject about which English-
men are never likely to hear the truth directly:
to wit, the way in which the Egyptian regards
our occupation of his country. M. de Guer-
ville is by no means an Anglophil, and quotes
with some pleasure the remark of a well-
known Egyptian prince as to the " boorish-
ness, lack of tact, and coarseness " of the
English in Egypt. He publishes, too, in
full what he calls the political testament
of the late Grand Mufti, wherein much is
said about the necessity of reforming the
administration and of the English mistrust
of native officials. But on the whole he
seems willing to admit that we remain in
Egypt for Egypt's good, and the worst
that he can find to say of us is that when tho
time comes for Lord Cromer to leave, we
shall havo great difficulty in finding any one
so firm and capable to fill his place. Our
author tolls us that the Khedive, at first
inclined to resent our control, is now quite
satisfied to be " protected," and that it is
tho opinion of all highly placed Egyptians
that the country is by no means yet fitted
for autonomous government. He even has a
word to say in defence of the late sale of die
Daira Sanieh estates to Sir Ernost Cassel
and his friends, for six and a quarter millions,
and pleads that the cent per cent that they
admittedly made by tho resale was legiti-
mately earned by them. Nor does he seem
to bear us any grudge on account of Fashoda,
which ho visited; he notes that, out of
aot i "i French susceptibilities, it has
i enamed Kodok.
The hook is written f"f the ,>rt in
easy and excellent English, but there an ■
great many misspelt words, luch as Auk-
rand " for Auckland. " Quibbell " for QuibeU,
\\ ashiwara " for Yo hnvara, " Deodorus"
for Diodorus, and " Bubastes " for Bubs
" Cote d'Azure " and the mosque " Kl Azar "
are probably mere misprints, but then
one very bad " and which."
\\'i: cannot compliment Mr. ■) , B. Hubback
on tho propriety of the title, Jane Austen's
Sailor Brothers (John Lane), which he has
given to his book. There is a lack of the
sense of proportion in presenting a sketch of
Jane Austen in an elaborate frame of blue
and gold of this nature ; and, after all, flag
officers are flag officers, and an admiral of
tho fleet is an admiral of the fleet,
whoso true function is not to frame
the portrait of any novelist, however dis-
tinguished. The thing is a laboured illus-
tration of the ornamental by the useful, and
contains more of the novelist's published
works than of the seamen's unpublished
papers. As it is, we have little more of Sir
Francis Austen than is to be found in the
' Dictionary of National Biography ' ; and,
as is not infrequently the case with bio-
graphies of sailors written by relatives, there
are frequent slips in respect of technicalities.
And there is constant use of the phrase " on
a ship " — which, inadmissible in the Royal
Navy at the present day, would not have
pleased Sir Francis Austen, nor, possibly,
Jane herself — whose accuracy of detail was
the accuracy of miniature. If Mr. Hubback's
account of the condition of affairs on the
American station about 1808, when Charles
Austen knew it, is fairly accurate, the same
can hardly be said of his picture of punish-
ments in the Royal Navy ten years earlier.
This is invalidated by his failure to connect
the mutinies with the United Irish movement,
and by his quaint belief that a close military
blockade of an enemy's port marked a period
of " inaction " for the crews of the ships
concerned.
One or two minor points from Sir Francis
Austen's letters are worth noting, as, for
instance, when, in speaking of Trafalgar, he
says, " The irregular mass in which our
ships bore down to the attack prevented
their [i.e. the French] counting them, so
that till after the action was closed the French
admiral did not discover how great a force
he had encountered." This is a novel point,
and not without bearing on the recent con-
troversy. It is, of course, true that Sir
Francis Austen was not in the battle ; but
he had been presented to Villeneuve on
board the Euryalus only the day before he
penned the sentence. It is therefore allow-
able to suppose that he is giving the sense
of the actual words of Villeneuve, or, at
least, of the French officers he had conversed
with. It is also not a little curious to find
that in the West Indies campaign of 1806
the Superb, which a few months before had
been so great a drag in Nelson's pursuit of
Villeneuve, was the crack sailing ship of the
squadron, while the Canopus, known pre-
viously as a very fine ship, was the slug.
So great in those days was the importance
of docking.
The Life of Sir Richard Burton, 2 vols.,
by Thomas Wright (Everett), belongs to
popular, anecdotal biography. The author's
part in this work is that of a persistent
and successful collector, displaying with
exultation the results of his labours.
Burton's travols — the main interest of
his career are slightly treated : the
point of certain episodes (thai concerning
the relief of Kars, for example, and some i
incidents in Mr. Wright*! inadequate
chapter on the residence at Damascus, a
city which, by ti. he embosoms
in Don-existeni palm-trees) is lost, in his
riod — tho dispirited
and failing elOM of the life — about which
he has been furnished with information,
much of it mere chit-chat. He exagge-
rates the importance, in a biography of
Burton, of the reputed translation of 'A
Thousand Nights and a Night.' It is
obviously right that Mr. John Payne should
he reinvested with the honour for this
rendering which belongs to him. But the
literary world in general, and Mr. Payne in
particular, could well have dispensed with
the flourish of trumpets here made. In
fact, Mr. Wright's ideas of taste differ bo
widely from our own that we cannot view
his work with pleasure.
History of the Xorthirn Interior of British
Columbia {formerly New Caledonia). By the
Rev. A. J. Morice, O.M.I. (John Lane.) —
By " New Caledonia " the author of this
work does not mean, as his title would suggest,
the present province of British Columbia,
but a restricted region, extending from
51° 30' to 57° N. latitude, and from the
Rocky Mountains to the Cascade Range. As
regards its northern and western boundaiies
this restriction is purely arbitrary ; for the
term " New Caledonia," which properly
belongs to a Melanesian island, was only
employed, as an American geographical
name, by the fur-trading companies before
1858 ; and these traders would certainly
have considered that their monopoly ex-
tended to the western coast, and beyond the
60th parallel to the north. But Mr. Morice
complicates the matter still further by saying
that New Caledonia is " the region peopled
by the Western ' Dene ' [usually written
Dhine or Tinne] Indians." He thus sub-
stitutes an ethnographical for a geographical
limit ; but unfortunately the two are by no
means conterminous. The majority of this
family live further to the north, in the
Selkirk and Cassiar districts, and some
as far south as Oregon ; while the tribes
whose history he sets himself to relate
(together with that of the fur-traders'
settlements) are now, from their continuous
decrease in numbers, but a small section of
the existing family. Mr. Morice has lived
for some years among these Indians, and
his chapters upon their customs, and their
perpetual feuds in tho century before the
advent of the traders, are of considerable
value. But the greater part of the book deals
with the annals of the companies and their
relations with the natives ; and since he has
had access to the unpublished journals of
the more central " forts," we are surprised
that he has not managed to make his narra-
tive more interesting. Perhaps these journals
contain less thrilling matter than might be
supposed ; they certainly show that isolation
has a tendency to degrade some men below
the level of their surroundings. Mr. Morice
has a propensity for correcting, in the text
as well as in frequent notes, the most minute
errors of earlier writers ; and this tedious
habit, combined with a strange blindness to
the natural beauties of the country, has
made his book dull. The Hudson's Bay
Company has in recent years found more
than one competent historian ; and the ac-
count of its proceedings in "New Caledonia"
is but an episode of the whole. In his
animadversions upon Dr. Bryce's history
of the Company Mr. Morice says, very truly,
that " personal prejudices and religious bias
should never be allowed to influence a serious
historian." What, then, are we to say of
his own statement that " to this day there
has never been a Protestant Indian within
N° 4093, April 7, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
421
the limits of New Caledonia " ? Wejiave
seen that those limits^are^of the vaguest
kind ; but has Mr. Monce never heard that
there has been for nearly forty years an
Anglican diocese of Caledonia ? In 1886
that diocese contained 899 native Christians
and catechumens, and since that time
several new stations have been opened with
success. It is true that most of these
Indians are in the north and west ; but they
include a number of the " Den6 " family
belonging to the Skeena and Stikine region.
The book contains some good portraits of
Indians and traders ; but the map, which
includes the coast district, has evidently
been drawn by an unpractised hand.
We are pleased to see that The Brass
Bottle has reached a fourth impression and
been added to Messrs. Smith & ^Elder's
" Waterloo Library." It is an excellent
extravaganza of the kind which F. Anstey
does better than anybody else.
Messrs. Routledge are making a most
spirited bid for public favour with their
" New Universal Library," which continues
to be interesting to the scholar as well as
the ordinary man. Their latest enterprise
is a blue leather binding, which is handsome
yet wonderfully cheap. This is a form and
colour for which we have already expressed
our particular regard, and Whitman's
Specimen Days in America, Macaulay's
Essays (Literary), Mrs. Gaskell's Life of
Charlotte Bronte, Bulfinch's The Age of
Fable, and Landor's Imaginary Conversa-
tions, which we select to show the range of
the Library, are very attractive in this neat
style, while they are small enough to be
slipped into any traveller's knapsack or
pocket. Reynolds's Discourses on Art and
Alexander Smith's Dreamthorp are further
additions to the same series.
The same firm send us some additions of
interest to " The Muses' Library," which
has reached some byways of poetry unduly
neglected to-day : The Poetical Works of
C lough, with memoir by F. T. Palgrave ;
Poems by Jean Ingelow ; Lyra Germanica,
translated by Catherine Winkworth ; and
Chatterton, 2 vols., edited by H. D. Roberts,
who has brought a good deal of careful work
to bear on the poet's text and bibliography.
For the holidays we can strongly recom-
mend Orley Farm and The Small House
at Allington, which each occupy two
volumes in Mr. Lane's " New Pocket
Library." The type and paper of this
series are excellent, and it is as handy in
form as any we know.
Tristram Shandy, and A Sentimental
Journey, make a new volume in Messrs.
Hutchinson's aeries of " Classic Novels,"
which has been generally and justly recog-
nized as an excellent achievement. We
have illustrations by Cruikshank, a few
notes, and other aids to the understanding
of Sterne's desultory masterpieces.
An interesting little note, introducing a
sixpenny edition of Farrar's Life of Christ
(Cassell & Co.), has been written by the
Bishop of London, who was under Farrar
at Marlborough. The famous book is
likely to have a very wide sale in this form,
and certainly offers a great deal of reading
at a sum within tho reach of everybody
who reads at all.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
I N o L I 8 II.
Theology.
Brierly (J.), The Common LI
Brown (C), The Letter* of Christ, 1/0 net.
< hurch Quarterly Review, April, 6/
Critical Questions, Sermons by Rev. A. F. Kirkpa trick,
Rev. A. Robertson, and others, 3/ net.
Farrar (Dean), The Life of Christ, M. net.
Hankey (\V. B.), Holy Week Addresses, 1/ net.
Hibbert Journal, Vol. IV., No. 3, 2/6
Marshall (N. H.), Theology and Truth, 5/
Payton (J. W.), The Communion, 2/
Peake (A. S.), Reform in Sunday-School Teaching, 1/6 net.
Randolph (P.. W.), The Empty Tomb, 2/ net.
St. Juliana (The Legend of), translated by C. W. Kennedy.
Smellie (A.), In the Hour of Silence, 2/6 net.
Soldiers of the Cross in Zululand, by E. and H. W., 3/6 net.
Tugman (E. A.), Addresses to Women, 2/6
Veitch (R.), The First Christians, 3/6 net.
Wallace (H. C.) and War-Schauer (J.), Credo: Sermons on
the Apostles' Creed, 3/ net.
Waters (N. McG.), A Young Man's Religion and his
Father's Faith, 2/6 net.
Fine Art and Archatology.
French Art from Watteau to Prud'hon, edited by J. J.
Foster, Vol. I., Edition de Luxe, 252/ net.
Pictures in Colour of Cambridge, Descriptive Notes by F. L.
Sabatini, 2/6 net.
Strang (William), Catalogue of his Etched Work, 42/ net.
Van Dyke (P.), Renascence Portraits, 10/6 net.
Poetry and the Drama.
Austin (Alfred), The Door of Humility, 4/6 net.
Byron (Lord), Dramas and Satires, Longer Poems, Shorter
Poems, 3/ net each.
Dillon (A.), The Maid of Artemis, 2/6 net.
Green-Room Book ; or, Who's Who on the Stage, edited by
B. Hunt, 5/ net.
Greg (W. W.), Pastoral Poetry and Pastoral Drama, 10/6
net.
Harrison (F.), Nicephorus : a Tragedy of New Rome, 5/
net.
Langbridge (F.), Clear Waters, a Little Book of Verses.
Orinda Booklets : Anne, Countess of Winchilsea ; Poor
Robin's Almanack ; and a Calendar of British Poets,
2/6 set of six.
Rives (A.), Augustine, the Man, 5/ net.
Stephens (VV.), Paradise Lost, a Drama in Four Acts, 1/ net.
Wreath of Remembrance (A.), by M. Y. \V., 3/6
Music.
Lee (E. MA Tchaikovski, 2/6 net.
Lumi (C), The Philosophy of Voice, Tenth FMition, 6/ net.
Newman (E.), Elgar, Wagner, 2/6 net each.
Walker (E.), Beethoven, 2/6 net.
Bibliography.
Books, Tracts, &c, printed in Dublin in the Seventeenth
Century, compiled by E. R. McC. Dix, Part IV., 2/6
Browne (E. G.), A Hand-List of the Turkish and other
Books presented by Mrs. E. J. W. Gibb to the Cam-
bridge University Library, 5/ net.
History and Biography.
Barton Church and School : their Origin and Fairly Years,
by C. J., 16mo, 1/6.
Besant(Sir W.), Mediaeval London : Vol. I., Historical and
Social, 30/ net.
Eagar (M.), Six Years at the Russian Court, 6/ net.
Innes(A. D.), Ten Tudor Statesmen, 15/ net.
Johns Hopkins University Studies : Spanish-American
Diplomatic Relations preceding the War of 1898, by
H. E. Flack, 2/
Mackinlay (M. S.), Antoinette Sterling and other Celebri-
ties, 16/ net.
Maurin (M. J.), Pauline Marie Jaricot, translated by E.
Sheppard, 6/ net.
Memorials of Old Hampshire, edited by G. E. Jeans,
15/ net.
Review of Historical Publications relating to Canada for
1905, edited by G. M. Wrong and H. II. Langton.
Saltus (K.), Imperial Purple, 3/6 net.
State Trials of the Reign of Edward the First, 1289-93,
edited by T. F'. Tout and II. Johnstone, Third Series,
Vol. IX.
Thomson (J. A.), Herbert Spencer, 2/6 net.
Tyler (F. E.), Peeps into the Past, 3/6 net.
Warwick Library : English Historians, Introduction by
A J. Grant, 2/6
Geography and Travel.
Abraham (G. and A.), Rock-Climbing in North Wales.
Bullen (F. T.), The Log of a Sea- Waif, F'ifth Impression, 3/6
Coufopoulos (D.), A Guide to Constantinople, Third Edition,
2/6
Folliott (T.), The Guantoek Hills.
Herbert (W. V.), Bypaths in the Balkans, 10/6 net.
Maughan (W. C), Picturesque Musselburgh and its Golf
Links, 1/ net.
Pigafetta (A.), Magellan's Voyage around the World,
translated by J. A. Robertson, 2 vols., 36/ net.
Sports and Pastimes.
Richardson (C), Practical Hints for Hunting Novices,
2/6 net.
Folk-Lore.
Wilkinson (R. J.), Malay Beliefs, 2/ net.
Philology.
Bacchylides, edited by Sir R. C. Jebb, 1,0
lluelin y Arssu (I). C), Technological Dictionary, English,
Spanish, German, and French, 10/9 net.
Rippinann (W.), The Sounds of Spoken English, 1,0 net.
School Books.
Arnold's (Matthew), Merope, edited by J. c. Collins, 3,6
Hughes (W. ), The Oeography of America, 1/6
Norman (II. C), Supplementary Exercises to Dent's New
First, French l!ook, M. net.
Bippmann's Picture Vocabulary : French, First Series,
1/ net
Round the World Series i OUT Planet, 1/0
Three-Term algebra, Hook iv., ad.
Wagstafl (C. J. L), I'ho Tutorial Physics: Vol. V.,
Properties of Matter, 3/0
Science.
Sardy (G, H), The Integration of Functions of a Single
\ triable, 2/0 net.
Kerridge(A. A.), Early Lessons in Cottage Gardening and
Populai Notes on Horticulture, 2/6 net.
Lee (C), Cosmic Ethics, 3/6
Living Races of Mankind, Vol. I., 10/6 net.
Macfarlane (W.), The Principles and Practice of Iron and
Steel Manufacture, 3/6 net.
Medical Annual, 1906, 7/6 net.
Morat (J. P.), Physiology of the Nervous System, translated
by H. W. Syers, 31/6 net.
Mukerji (U. N), Nutrition and Dysentery, 3/6 net.
Norris (W.), Modern Steam Road Wagons, 7/6 net.
Pratt (E. A.), The Transition in Agriculture, 5/ net.
Prenderville (A. de), The Anaesthetic Technique for Opera-
tions on the Nose and Throat, 3/6 net.
Seaman (L. L.), The Real Triumph of Japan, 6/ net.
Stirling (\V.), New Theories in Astronomy, 8/6 net.
Temple Cyclopaedic Primers : F'ood in Health and Disease,
by H. Drinkwater, 1/ net.
Withers (J. W.), Euclid's Parallel Postulate, 6/6 net.
Juvenile Books.
Lang (Alice), From Prison to Paradise, 2/
General Literature.
C'arlile (Rev. W.) and Carlile (V. W.), The Continental
Outcast, 1/ net.
Castle (A. and E.), If Youth but Knew, 6/
Church of England Official Year-Book, 1906, 3/
Cleeve (Lucas), The Secret Church, 6/
Clergy List, 1906, 12/6
Crockett (S. R.), Kid McGhie, 6/
Danby (F.), The Sphinx's Lawyer, 6/
De Flagello Myrteo : Thoughts and Fancies on Love,
2/6 net.
Dental Annual and Directory, 1906, 7/6 net.
Dublin Review, April, edited by W. Ward, 5/6 net.
Dumas (A.), The Count of Monte Cristo, 2 vols., 2/ net each.
Dumas (A.), The Three Musketeers, 2 vols., 5/ net.
Dumas (A.), Twenty Years After, 2 vols., 5/ net.
Gibbon (P.), Souls in Bondage, 6d.
Gorst (Mrs. II.), The Light, 6/
Hannan (C), Thuka of the Moon, 6/
Harris (A. L.), The Sin of Salome, 3/6
Harris (J. H), A Romance in Radium, 3/6
Hocking (S. K.), A Human Face, 3/6
Jones (D. M.), A Maid of Normandy, 6/
Kelly's Directory of Merchants, Manufacturers, and
Shippers, &c, in 1906, 30/
Kenealy (A.), An American Duchess, 6/
Lange (M. E.), Local Taxation in London, 1/ net.
Lanyon (H. S. M.), The Married Bachelor, 6/
Little (Mrs. A.), A Millionaire's Courtship, 6/
Marsh (C. F.), Mr. Baxter, Sportsman, 6/
Marshall (E.), The Young Queen of Hearts, 6rf.
Mott (C. C. and E. M.), A Man of No Family, 6/
Osbourne (L.), Wild Justice, 6/
Robertson (W. B.), The Slavery of Labour, Second Edition,
1/net.
Routledge's New Universal Library : Whitman's Specimen
Days in America ; Reynolds's Discourses on Art ; Bul-
finch's The Age of F'able ; A. Smith's Dreamthorp,
1/ net each, cloth. Whitman's Specimen Days in
America ; Lessing's Laocoon ; Jeffrey's Essays from
the Edinburgh Review ; Gaskell's Life of Charlotte
Bronte ; O. \\ . Holmes's The Professor at the Breakfast
Table ; Macaulay's Literary Essays ; Landor's Classical
Dialogues ; Borrow's Romany Rye ; Bultinch's The
Age of Fable ; T. L. Peacock's Headlong Hall,
Melincourt, Nightmare Abbey, and Maid Marian,
1/6 net each, leather.
Sims (G. R.), The Mysteries of Modern London, 2/6
So-called Skirts, by Lito, 1/6 net.
Stall (S.), What a Young Boy ought to Know, New Edition,
4/ net.
Stevenson (P. L.), The Black Cuirassier, 6/
Tearle (C), Old Mr. Lovelace, 6/
Ward (Mrs. \\\), Out of Due Time, 6/
Warden (F.), Love and Lordship, 6/
Whishaw (F.), The Great Green God, 6/
Whisperings from the Great, compiled by C. A. Meredyth,
21/ net.
Whitelaw (D.), MacStodger's Affinity, 1/
Winter (J. S.), A Simple Gentleman, 6/
FOREIGN.
Theology.
Frank (G.), GeschichU: der Protestaiitischen Theologie :
Part IV. Die Theologie des 19 .lahrh, 9m.
Latreille (c), Joseph de Maistre et la Papaute, 3fr. 50.
Tanguy (A.), L'Ordre Naturel et Dieu, 4fr. 75.
Tunnel (J.), Saint Jerome, 3fr.
Fine Art and Archceology.
Glotz (G.), Etudes sociales et juridiquos BUT l'Antiquite
Grecque, 3fr. 50.
Mirth's FormenschatZ, 1906, Parts 3 and 4, lm. each.
Poetry.
Liegeard (S.), Aimer ! Sonnets, 5fr.
History and Biography,
Aurevilly (B. d'), Deuxieme Memorandum, 1838-64, :(fr. .rn>.
Bredii (1,.), Du Caractere intellectuel et moral de .1. J.
Rousseau, 7fr. 60.
Brunetiere (F.), Honorede Balzac, 1799-1860, Sir. 50.
Croiset (M.), aristophane et les Partis a Athenes, Sir. 50.
Massis (H.), Comment ftmileZola composait ses Romans,
Bfr. 50.
MUllenhoff (K.), Deutsche Utertumskunde, Vol. ll., Mm.
Souvenirs de M. de Qontaut-Biron : .Mon Ajnbassade en
allemagne, is?j :t, 7fr. :•<>.
Geography and Travel.
Adam (I'.), Vues d'Amerique, 8fr. 60.
Legendre (A. F.), Le Far West Cbinois: Deux Anneea an
Setchouen, &fr.
Stock (1'. V.), Eu Cauot automobile: Notes de Voyage, 5fr.
Education.
Goyau(G.), L'Ecole d'Aujourd hui, Scries ll.,:ifr. 60,
I'hUology.
Deutachbein (MAStudlen but Sagengeachichte England*:
Part I., Die wiklngeraagen, 7m.
Inielmann (1!.), Layamon : Vanuch liber Seine (Jucllen, 3ni.
I ! !
Til E AT II EN .YA M
N 4093. April 7. 1
i
Boui . • i i Vol. VI
i l
i
l
l i: I i
nottd, I'uidi •/■
I
THE M rnoi; OF THE FRENCH
ORIGINAL OF WOLFRAM VOX
BSCHENBACH'S ' PARZIVAL.'
1 bast] n bo call the attention of English
Btudente to a remarkable article by Dr.
l'iiul Hagen [Zeitachrift fur deutsche Philo-
logie, vol. xxxviii. parts 1. 2), early com-
munication of which 1 owe to the author's
kindness. Dr. Hagen claims to have, solved
the problem of tho authorship of the lost
French poem adapted (or, as Dr. Hagen
urges, faithfully translated) by Wolfram
von Eschenbach in his ' Parzival.' His
solution should be of deep interest to English-
men, tending, as it does, to show that the
poem was written in England by Philip,
Bishop of Durham, the trusted companion
and agent of Richard Coc-ur de Lion.
Dr. Hagen's starting point is the well-
known passage (' Parzival,' 496, 15—21,
498, 20-499, 10-=Book IX. 11. 1070-1122 in
Miss Weston's translation) in which Tre-
vrezent, the hermit uncle of Parzival,
recounts his experiences in Styria. Miss
Weston's note on the passage may be quoted
as exhibiting the views of previous com-
mentators : —
"The derivation of Gandein from a Styrian
town is very curious. Whether the name was in
Wolfram's source or not, we cannot decide, but
the connection can only have been introduced by
the German poet."
Dr. Hagen maintains, on the contrary, that
the connection cannot have been introduced
by Wolfram, whose knowledge of Styria
could not be of the minute first-hand nature
disclosed by the passage. How, then, does
a Provencal — as Wolfram's authority was,
according to his repeated statements — come
to be better informed about Styria than the
Bavarian Wolfram '.'
In 1192 Richard, returning from the Holy
Land, landed between Aquileia and Venice,
and after many adventures was captured
by the Duke of Austria's emissaries near
Vienna. Our chief sources of knowledge
for these events are the letter of the
Emperor Henry VI. to Philip Augustus,
giving the German version, and Ralph of
Coggeshall's account, resting on the personal
information of Anselm, Richard's chaplain
and companion, giving the English version.
We learn from the Former that Count Mein-
hard of Gdrz captured eight of Richard's
followers; that, the king having escaped,
Meinhard proceeded c> Frisach, where
Fridericus de Betesowe (Friedrich von
Pettau) detained six more of his suite.
Richard himself escaping with Guillaume
de L'Estang, and. after riding night and day
for three days, falling into Leopold's hands.
Among Richard's followers was " magister
Philippus, clericus regis," horn at Poitou
[i.e., On the borders Of the Provencal speech
district), who passed his whole bfe in the
service of the Angevin kings, and who died
Bishop of Durham. According to Dr.
Hagen, he was one of the party captured
by Frederick of Pettau whilst covering
Richard's escape. Frederick, an official of
tho Archbishop of Salzburg, would probably
adopt the same mediatory attitude as bis
superior, and Richard's followers might
1 at Pel
1 tive, he m
! in
• h - we
with ii I I '. • I I I ■
i
l >' ii.
I b has puzzli
Co||,
rence b
and 1 i ut. to what he
doubtless looked back upon as the most
dramatic an I I in his
brillianl and varied career, the part taken
bj him in the self-sacrificing defence of his
lord : " mich duhte ich net da wol geetritt
I vrezent's proud avowal.
Dr. Hagen's theory would account for
much. It is generally admitted, thanks
to Miss Weston, that the 'Parzival '
is a definite glorification of the house of
Anjou, and 1'hilip was one of its most devoted
adherents. The wide range of knowlt
and of intellectual interests displayed in
Parzival,' which has seemed so sur-
prising in the case of the unlettered and
untravelled Bavarian knight, becomes ex-
plicable if the authorship is attributed to
the lifelong companion of the most famous
king of the time, to the pilgrim to Jerusalem
and Compostella, to the brilliant diplomatist
who represented Richard at the Imperial
election of 1193, and who was equally familiar
with Scotland and South Wales, and thus
came into contact with living sources of
Celtic tradition.
I have said enough, 1 trust, to arouse the
interest of those whose knowledge of twelfth-
century history enables them to examine
Dr. Hagen's article, and to ensure for it
critical scrutiny at the hands of English
experts. Alfred Nutt.
' WITH THE COSSACKS.'
to, Malo-Konyushennaya t'lifsi, St Petersburg,
.March 26th, 1906.
In your review of my book ' With the
Cossacks ' (Eveleigh Nash) on March 10th
you say : —
"We note the fact that he [myself] must have
been able to convey to the Japanese Consulate at
Chifu, to which he went straight from the first
battles off Port Arthur, valuable information for
the use of the Japanese Government."
As this might lead some of your readers
to imagine that, visiting the Japanese Con-
sulate at Chifu, on the occasion in question,
I was guilty of tactlessness, if not of treachery.
I should like, with your kind permission, to
explain this incident a little more fully.
When 1 reached Chifu on the night of
February 8th, 1904, I met there Mr. George
Denny, of the Associated Tress, and Mr.
Ernest Brindle, of the Daily Mail, both of
whom are at present in London and able to
confirm my statements. These correspond-
ents had been residing for some time in
Chifu, and had been in the habit of going to
all the Consulates daily to see if they could
pick up any information: and. as soon a~
I met them, they told me that they were
about to ask Mr. Mid/.uno if he had luvd
any news, and invited me to come along
with them. Being a correspondent, not a
Minister-Plenipotentiary, 1 at once went,
and we got some valuable explanations from
Commander Mori. Commander Mori did not,
howi ver, get from me any information which
could do the Russians harm. Messrs.
I '>. indie and i )enny, who w ere in my company
all the time, can bear me out in this state-
ment.
ardfi went to tb<- . and
r, by far the moat im-
•. . mboat b
Admira I
to it after nightfall ;
the effect I
wh< fleet had been destroyed.
Would .t not have been acting rather un-
to my paper, and taking mj
i
I B LH< .'- M< CUIXAOH.
Till: ASLOAN MS.
i.i, Orowndale Roa«t, N.W., March rjth, laoa,
May 1 be allowed the favour of your
columns to make inquiry regarding
present location of the well-known Asloan
MS. ? l\ will be remembered that this is
the earliest of the manuscript collections of
Middle Scots poetry, antedatii lan-
natyne MS. by probably more than sixty
years. Some twelve or thirteen years
ago, I understand, it was for a short
time deposited on loan at the British
Museum ; but I have not been able to
ascertain for whom, or for what purpose.
At the present time the Scottish J
Society has in hand an edition of the poems
of Robert Henryson, which will be issued
probably in the autumn of this year.
The Asloan MS. contains the ear.
known version of Henryson's 'Orpheus and
Euridices,' besides a copy of the * Uplandis
Mouss and the Borrows Toun Mouss.' A
transcription of the latter piece was made
by Chalmers, and is among his manuscripts
now in the Edinburgh University Library ;
but I am not aware of any copy having been
made of the ' Orpheus.'
In any case, it is desirable, in the interests
of Scottish literature, that access should now
be had to the Asloan MS. itself ; and as I
have been for some time assisting in
gathering the materials for the forth-
coming edition of Henryson, I venture to
appeal to any of your readers who may
have information to communicate regarding
the present whereabouts of the manuscript,
and as to the best means of getting ac
to it.
George Stevenson.
SPRING PUBLISHING SEASON.
MR. JOHN LONG
announces in Fiction: Ayna ■■ by G. M.
Fenn, — Traitor and True, by J. Bloundelle-Burton,
— The Face of Juliet, The Heart of Helen, and
From the Hand of the Hunter, all by L. T. Meade,
— The Shillings of Seiaphine. by Mrs. C. Kernahan.
Marl I m R «e, Teacher. byMisa Betham Ki\*
Her Highness, by F. Whishaw,— The Cattle
Baron's Daughter, by Harold Bindloes,— The l:
Mrs. Daybrook, by Florence Warden. — Soul-
Twilight and Love and the King, by Lucas Cleeve.
The Arrow of the North and The M
Aydon, l>\ K. H. Forster, — A Veneered Scamp, by
Jean Middlemaaa, — Lady Marion and the Pluto-
crat, l>_\ Lady Helen Forbes. — Love, with Varia-
tions, by A. M. Diehl, — The Braoebridgee and The
Girls ol [nverbarns, by Sarah Tytler, — A Miner in
Petticoats, by Curtis Yorke, — The Portali
by V. Tweedale,— Under One Flag, by Richard
Marsh,- Phoebe of the White Farm, by May
Crommelin, — An Independent Maiden, by Ad
ant,-- A Beggar on Horseback, by v K-
Keightley, — The Alluring Flame, by J. K. Mud-
dock. The Ingenious Captain Cobbs, by <i. W.
Appleton, The Greenstone, by Alan Si. Aubyn,
The Little Gate of Tears, by Austin Clare,— A
Persian Roseleaf, by Lieut. -Col. A. Haggard,— The
Unguarded Taper, by Helen 1'. Lewis. — The Horse
and the Maid, by Arthur Cowden. — SavileGilohrist,
N°4093, April 7, 1906
t;he athenaeum
423
M.D., by H. M. Nightingale,— Mr. and Mrs. Vil-
liers, by Hubert Wales,— The Brangwyn Mystery,
by David Christie Murray,— In the Shadow of the
Purple, the Life History of Mrs. Fitzherbert, by
George Gilbert, a new edition with a rare portrait
of Mrs. Fitzherbert, — and Wilhelmina in London,
by Barry Pain.
Nat Gould's Novels : The Lady Trainer, A
Straight Goer, A Hundred-to-One Chance, A Racing
Squatter, Charger and Chaser.
New editions in the Haymarket Novels and Six-
penny Novels : The Other Mrs. Jacobs, by Mrs.
Campbell Praed, — A Jilt's Journal, by Rita, — The
Indiscretion of Gladys, by Lucas Cleeve, — Partners
Three, by May Crommelin, — and many other
popular novels.
General Literature : The Confessions of a Princess,
— A Book of the Cevennes, by S. Baring-Gould,
illustrated, — The Racehorse, Training and Manage-
ment, by a Trainer, with numerous illustrations, —
and Love Knows and Waits, and other Poems, by
H. L. Childe-Pemberton.
In the Carlton Classics : Sonnets and Poems,
by Spenser, — Essays, by Addison, — His Book,
by Artemus Ward, — The Dunciad, and other
Poems, by Pope, — Thackeray's English Humourists
of the Eighteenth Century, — and The Jumping
Frog, and other Sketches, by Mark Twain.
THE WALTER SCOTT COMPANY
have in hand in Fiction and General Literature :
Concealment, by Anne Beale, — A Girl of the
Regiment, by Jaymack, — Cain's Wife, by B. C.
Blake, — Taras Bulba, by Gogol, translated by B. C.
Baskerville, — Cricketer's Birthday Book, by T. B.
Trowsdale, illustrated, — Tragic and Comic in a
Parson's Life, by the Rev. F. Hastings, illustrated,
— How to Fence, by M. Grandiere, illustrated, —
In the Days of Chaucer, by T. Jenks, — new editions
of Ibsen's The Lad}' from the Sea, and Rosmersholm,
— The Story of the Oxford Movement, with Intro-
duction by W. G. Hutchison, and Hume's Essays,
with Introduction by W. B. Robertson, in the
"Scott Library," — Poems by Baudelaire, edited by
F. P. Sturm, and many other books in the "Can-
terbury Poets,"— and Dainty Dinner Tables and
How to Decorate Them, by Mrs. Praga.
In Political Economy and Science : In the " Con-
temporary Science " Series, The Evolution of
Modern Capitalism, by J. A. Hobson, Apparitions
and Thought-Transference, by F. Podmore, and
Hypnotism, by Dr. A. Moll, translated by A. F.
Hopkirk, — Foundations of Political Economy, by
W. B. Robertson, — and Diet and Hygiene for
Infants, by Dr. F. H. Alderson.
In Ait and Music: (Undo Reni : his Life and
Works, by D. R. Meyrick, with numerous repro-
ductions,—The Life and Works of Henry Moore,
R.A., by F. J. Maclean,— Life and Works of Lord
Leighton, by E. Staley, — The Story of Organ
Music, by C. F. Abdy Williams,— and The Story
of English Music, by various authorities.
SALES.
Messrs. Sothebv, Wilkinson & Hodge sold
last week the following important 1> >oks and
Mss. : Dr. John Brown's Rati and his Friends,
original autograph MS.. 40/. Pilgrim's Progress,
dition, with portrait, 1680, 1011. Burns's
■ ' To Marvin Heaven,' autograph MS., 1521.
Prenoh Costumes oi the Nineteenth Century, 240
drawings, Hi/. Robinson Crusoe, first edition,
•2 vols., 1719, UK)/. Hone on vellum, MS. (French-
Flemish), IS miniatures, fifteenth century, 561. ;
another, French, 14 miniatures, 40/. Keats's
Rndymion, first edition, original boards, uncut,
1819, 58/. S. Darnell's Poetical Essayes, 1599,
35/. 10*. John Eliot's North American Indian
Bibli I edition, Cambridge (Mass.), 1683,
ho/. Dante, Venetia, 1477, 91. lot. A parchment
roll of Private Prayers from the Sarum Breviary,
fifteenth century, 921. Holtorp'a Typographical
and Kylographioal Collections, 76w. Pope's
• 'oi n ice with Bathurst (8 autograph letters),
.">.",/. Original Mss. (8) of Isaae Newton while
Master oi the Mint, 86/. Engravings of Animals
by J. P. Ridinger, 150/. New Testament (1552),
Titus Andronicus, second edition, wanting
title, Hill, ok;/. Anthony Trollope's North
America, original autograph MS., 1862,71/. Lord
Lilford'a British Birds, 46/. Gould's Bird oi
i Britain, ."> vols., 1873, 4!t/. Official and
Secret Dispatches (167) of Lord Bolingbroke on
the Treaty of Utrecht, 1711-13, 151/. New Testa-
ment (R. Jugge, 1553), 45/. Ben Jonson's Latin
Bible, 1599, 320/. The Napoleon Collection of
Letters, MSS., Documents, and Books (121 Lots)
realized 283/.
Messrs. Hodgson included in their sale last week
the following : Underbill's Newes from America
(a clean copy of this rare work, but wanting the
map), 1638, 70/. Las Casas, The Spanish Colonie,
first English translation, 1583, 39/. Mather's
Summe of Certain Sermons upon Genesis XV. 6,
printed at Cambridge, New-England, 1652, 27/. 10s.
Esquemeling, The Bucaniers of America, 1684,
11/. 15s. Cranmer's Bible (first title wanting and
two leaves defective), 1540, 20/. Shakspeare's
Julius Ca?sar, first quarto edition (1680), 11/.
Beaumont and Fletcher's Comedies and Tragedies,
1647, 56/. Bacon's Essayes, first complete edition,
1625, 26/. Killigrew's Works, 1664, 26/. Marvell's
Poems, with the rare portrait, 1681, 12/. Wycher-
ley's Miscellany Poems, 1704, 12/. Paradise
Regained, first edition, 1671, 18/. Donne's Juve-
nilia and Poems, in 1 vol., 1633, 13/. 15s. Braith-
wait's Nature's Embassie, 1621, 11/. Holland's
Herwologia Anglica, 1620, 10/. 10s. Wither's
Emblems, 1625, 10/. Natura Brevium, with arms
of Henry VIII. on sides, 1532, 11/. 5s. Natural
History of Selborne, first edition, boards, uncut,
1789, 26/. 10s. Scott's Tales of my Landlord,
First Series, first edition, 4 vols., boards, uncut,
1816, 106/. Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare,
first edition, 2 vols., 1807, 27/. 10s. Tristram
Shandy, first editions, 9 vols, in 6, 1762, 14/. 10s.
A set of the Pakeographical Society's Publica-
tions, in 6 vols., 1873-1903,25/. Royal Society's
Transactions, 28 vols., 1886-1905, 16/. Historical
Records of the British Army, 67 vols., in the
original grained morocco bindings, 77/. ; and a
collection of about 100 original drawings of the
battle scenes, colours, &c, by Heath and others,
used to illustrate the various monographs, 70/.
Mr. A. C. Curtis, the author of ' A
New Trafalgar,' has written a book called
' The Small Garden Beautiful, and How
to Make It So,' which Messrs. Smith,
Elder & Co. will publish, with a coloured
frontispiece, sixteen half-tone illustrations,
and several plans, next week. The volume
gives a practical account — the plans being
a special feature — of the laying out of a
small garden, and the arrangement and
grouping of the flowers in the borders.
It also deals with the treatment of the
kitchen garden attached to a small house
in such a manner as not to impair the
beauty of the flower garden.
Mr. T. Fisher Unwin will publish
before long a volume of ' Economic and
Statistical Studies,' by the late Mr. J.
Towne Danson. Prof. E. C. K. Gonner
is contributing an Introduction ; and a
brief memoir of Mr. Danson is given by
his daughter, Mrs. Norman Hill. The
volume will contain many plates showing
the variations in the prices of twenty-two
important commodities between 1851 and
1890.
THE late Mr. Thomas W. Shore, author
of 'The History of Hampshire,' left
behind him the MS. of an exhaustive
work on the ' Origin of the Anglo-Saxon
Race,' to which he had devoted a great
part of his life. It deals principally with
the vexed question of the settlement "I
England and the tribal origin of the
English people. The work will be edited
l>\ liis two sons, and be published by Mi.
Elliot Stock very shortly.
Arrangements for the publication of
' The Cambridge Medieval History ' have
now been made by the Syndics of the
University Press. The first volume will
be published soon after the appearance
of the last volume of ' The Cambridge
Modern History,' with which it will be
generally uniform, and the work will be
completed in eight volumes. ' The Cam-
bridge Medieval History' has been planned
by Prof. J. B. Bury, and will be edited
by Prof. H. M. Gwatkin, Miss M. Bateson,
and Mr. G. T. Lapsley.
An addition to Messrs. Sonnenschein
& Co.'s Dictionaries of Quotations may
be looked for at an early date in the shape
of a ' Dictionary of German Quotations,'
compiled by L. Dalbiac. Like the other
volumes of the series, it contains trans-
lations in English of each quotation, and
indexes of subjects and authors.
Messrs. Macmillan & Co. will publish
immediately a translation, by Mr. James
Loeb, of ' Euripide et 1' Esprit de son
Theatre,' by the late Prof. Paul Decharme,
who was formerly Professor of Greek
Poetry in the Faculte des Lettres at
Paris. The English version has an Intro-
duction by Prof. J. W. White, of Harvard
University.
The death is announced, at the age of
eighty-one, of the Rev. Dr. Cunningham
Geikie, the well-known writer on Biblical
subjects. He was a native of Edinburgh,
and had served as a missionary, a preacher,
and a parish clergyman at home and
abroad. His chief works showed scholarly
thought and research, and an extensive
acquaintance with German literature.
They include ' Hours with the Bible '
(10 Vols.), ' The Life and Words of Christ,'
' The English Reformation,' ' Landmarks
of Old Testament History,' and ' The
Vicar and his Friends.' His books dealing
with the Holy Land have also enjoj'ed
a large circulation.
At a meeting of the Hawick Town Council
held last week it was resolved to offer the
freedom of the burgh to Dr. J. A. H.
Murray, of the ' New English Dictionary.'
The ceremony will take place in September
next, when the jubilee of the Hawick
Archaeological Society will be celebrated.
Of the thirty-four gentlemen who formed
the Society fifty years ago, only Dr.
Murray, who is a native of the district,
remains alive.
The promoters of the scheme for a
Byron statue in Aberdeen have now about
6002. in hand for that purpose.
Prof. Flinders Petrik writes from
Tel el Yehudiyeh :—
"As an erroneous description of a rare
book is strange in The Athenceum, allow me
to correct what is stated about ' Historical
Scarabs ' on p. 293. That book does not
deal ' only with a few objects made for kings
and other great personages,' but it is a
complete corpus of all the scarabs with
royal and private- names that were in the
main collections when it was published —
over 2. UOO in all. As to their being ' chosen
to illustrate ' my ' own theories of Egyptian
history,1 then; was no choice of materials,
as every name-scarab in f he great collections
was included. Perhaps the present diffi-
424
THE ATIIENJEUM
N W93, Ai-kii. 7, 1906
culty in obtaining the honk lui* been thfl
cause of such mistaken statement
A NEW volume entitled ' The Story and
Song of Black Roderick," hv Dora Sigerson
(Mrs. Clement Shorter), will be published
immediately by the De La More Press.
This is a story is prose, interspersed with
verse, which carries on the tale in ballad
form.
Mb. Wkkner Laurie has in the press
' The Cathedrals and Churches of the
Rhino and North Germany,' by Mr. T.
Francis Rumpus. There will be ninety
illustrations, and descriptions of such
little- visited cathedrals and churches as
those of Minister, Soest, Paderborn, Hildes-
heim, Halberstad, and Erfurt.
It may be safely said that the late
Julian Marshall's collection of book-plates,
which Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson &
Hodge will sell on May 28th and three
following days, is the most extensive and
valuable ever submitted to auction. The
catalogue, which has been in hand for
about a year, will form a work of reference
for the collector second only in value to
that of the Franks collection in the Rritish
Museum, and Messrs. Sotheby are to be
congratulated on the admirable manner
in which they have dealt with the
enormous number of items. The collec-
tion probably comprises at least 50,000
book-plates, and twenty-one lots con-
sist of 500 examples each.
Dr. George Brandes's ' Reminiscences
of my Childhood and Youth ' is shortly
to be issued simultaneously in England
and America, and will also appear in the
original Danish at Copenhagen.
Another volume of the writings of the
Elizabethan antiquary George Owen, of
Pembrokeshire, edited by Dr. Henry
Owen, will shortly be issued in the
" Cymmrodorion Record Series." It will
contain two tracts of the first importance
for the history of legal administration
in Wales, namely, ' The Dialogue of the
Government of Wales,' written in 1594
and never previously published, and ' A
Treatise of Lordship Marchers in Wales,'
which is the locus classicus on its subject,
being well known from the inaccurate
transcripts printed in Clive's ' Ludlow '
and elsewhere, but now reproduced for
the first time from the author's original
MS., which is at Llanstephan. The volume
will also contain Owen's ' Description of
Wales' (1602) from the author's MS. at
the Bodleian.
The Dublin Committee of the Ferguson
Memorial Fund have received some 260J.,
and propose to erect a memorial brass in
St. Patrick's Cathedral and found a
literary prize (or scholarship, if funds
admit) in Trinity College or in the Alex-
andra College, with which Lady Ferguson
was closely connected.
We regret to notice the death of Mr.
William Watt, joint editor and one of the
proprietors of the Aberdeen Free Press.
Mr. Watt had made a special study of
economic and financial questions, and in
1885 gained the William Newmaroh Prize
of kki/. for an essay on ' Eoonomie \ j •
of Reoeni Legislation.1 II<- bad an exten-
sive knowledge of the history <>f the north-
east of Scotland.
Mk. <;. M. Jones writes from Salem,
Mass. : —
" in The AUmumurijfm Kerch 10th, p. 290,
col. 3, lines 80—31, your reviewer suggests
the use of 'Carolina, South,' instead of
'South Carolina,' in the index to 'Auction
Prices of Hooks.' South Carolina is a
sovereign state with no political connexion
with North Carolina, except as th< y are both
members of tho United States ; and it is
just as absurd to write ' Carolina, South,'
as it would be to write ' Wales, New South.'
This is a minor matter, but it is an illustra-
tion of the difficulty English writers find in
understanding our American political system.
I have read The Athenaeum for over twenty-
five years, and depend upon it almost
entirely for reviews of English books. It is
because I usually find it well informed that
I venture to call your attention to this
mistake."
What is probably a unique form of
military dictionary is being compiled by
Mrs. Constance Oliver Skelton for the
New Spalding Club, Aberdeen, in the
shape of a complete biographical list of
officers of the name of Gordon who have
served in the British army. The Gordons
have been essentially a military race, so
that it is not surprising that Mrs. Skelton
has marshalled some 2,000 names, from
army lists and other authentic records.
It is not often that a woman has under-
taken a military work of this character,
though the Marchioness of Tullibardine
is now engaged on a regimental history.
The hundred and sixth anniversary
of the death of Cowper on April 25th will
be the occasion of a meeting of the Cowper
Society at Berkhamsted, when papers
will be read and recent editions of Cowper
referred to.
The Marchese Vitelleschi, who died
last Wednesday, was best known as a
politician, but he was also a considerable
author on the history of the Papacy.
Commandant Moltedo, of the Congolese
service, has just published in Brussels a
useful vocabulary for travellers and ex-
plorers in Central Africa. It is called
' Petit Vocabulaire des Langues Arabes
et Ki-Swahili.' The author says that, if
Arabic and Ki-Swahili are very far from
representing all the dialects spoken on
the Congo, a knowledge of them will
enable the traveller to cross the African
continent without fearing that he may
not make himself understood.
The following Parliamentary Papers
have recently appeared : Scotch Educa-
tion, Minute providing for the Distribution
of the General Aid Grant (\d.) ; Report
for 1904 on the Victoria and Albert
Museum, the Royal Colleges of Science
and Art, the Geological Survey and
Museum, &c. (Is. <kf\) ; Correspondence
relating to Elementary Education in
Ceylon (Gd.) ; Report of the Charity Com-
missioners for England and Wales (2W.);
and a Statement of Present Contributions
to the Imperial Institute made by the
Government of India and by the British
Colonies and Protectorates (.W.). which
thai among other small sums col-
lected eras •">/. 3s. 2d. from the Falkland
I-land-
SCIENCE
BOOKS ON BIRD&
The Bird* of Hampshire and the I ale of
Wight. By J. E. Kelsall and P. W. Munn.
(Witherby \. Co.)— Aft< i usal of the
prospectus of this book, which La published
by subscription, we had anticipated a some-
what more notable contribution to ornitho-
logy than has actually been produced. Ev
naturalist in the county, however, will do
well to possess it as a work of reference. The
authors have to a certain extent been
hampered by the very wealth of material
at their disposal. In the course of an un-
duly prolonged introduction we have a
formidable list of authorities consulted ;
the " copious extracts made from many of
them " form by far the greater bulk of the
book, while the backbone is admittedly
none other than the immortal ' Natural
History of Selborne.' We are inclined
to regard this as an error of judgment.
Again, it is merely irritating that scientific
observations should be garnished with
truisms from the poets, such as
In the spring a fuller crimson comes upon the robin's
breast.
Some of the passages transcribed so freely
from Gilbert Wliite's pages would be im-
proved by a timely gloss ; for instance,
the " particular anecdote " to the effect
that the fieldfare always appears to roost
on the ground (contrary to what might be
expected from its general habits) is quoted
without comment, whereas it certainly
resorts to bushes as well. The record of an
extraordinary visitation of these birds is
taken from Col. Hawker's diary for Feb-
ruary 2nd, 1831. An army of gunners was
busy from morning till night, for, curiously
enough, the fieldfares, " though tamer than
sparrows, yet were as fat as butter " ; on
the morrow, the snow changing to rain,
every bird had disappeared. Mr. Kelsall
contributes what may well be a bit of
genuine folk-lore. " It was told me at
Hurstbourne," he writes, " that when the
yellowhammer sings ' A little bit of bread
and no cheese,' the chaffinch replies, ' I
haven't had a bit of bread and cheese this
five year.' "
Among the illustrations the most note-
worthy are the admirable photographs from
life of the rare Dartford warbler, still happily
a distinctive Hampshire resident in certain
undisturbed localities. Its general attitudes
as represented here and the aggressive poise
of the long tail are curiously suggestive of
the local name, " French blackbird." We
note that the authors, in common with Mr.
Meade Waldo, give credence to the numerous
reported occurrences of " March cuckoos "
in the year 1894.
There are three singular coincidences of
bird life which, as related in these pages,
certainly give food for thought. The first
concerns the curious behaviour of goldcrests.
" For some years past," says Mr. Munn,
"a pair have visited, several times a day, in the
spring, the windows of one of the rooms of my
house at leaver-stoke, perching on the flowers ill
the flower-boxes, clinging to the sides of tho
window frames, or hovering iu front of the glass;
this visitation is continued for about a week, and
they appear to be endeavouring to reach the neigh-
bouring shrubs reflected in the glass."
Then Gilbert Wliite's observation that sand-
martins nested in the holes of the back wall
N°4093, April 7, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
425
of William of Wykeham's stables at Bishop's
Waltham in 1774 is found to be equally true
at the present day. The third passage to
which we refer, dealing with the rare appear-
ance of the beautiful hoopoe, must be quoted
in full. Mr. Gibb, living at Christchurch,
"saw a hoopoe in his garden on several occasions
in the summer of 1895, and the bird appeared to
be feeding upon a strange kind of ant which was
swarming at the time. He sent specimens of the
ant to the late Miss Ormerod, the well-known
authority on noxious insects, who replied as
follows : ' Your black ants appear to be Formica
fuliginosa. I only twice met with this kind in my
father's woods in Gloucestershire, and both times,
curiously enough, one of my brothers, who had a
great fondness for ornithology, saw the hoopoe ! ' '»
Mr. Gibb's house is close to Wilverley
Forest Lodge, a place frequented by hoopoes,
according to Wise, in 1861.
It is a remarkable fact that in the woods
of the New Forest rookeries are almost un-
known, a new colony in 1902 at Rowhill
Bushes causing great astonishment to the
oldest inhabitant. The New Forest has
another claim to distinction in that it is the
happy privilege of those living there to be
able to walk for a whole day without seeing
a house-sparrow, provided always that they
avoid a railway station. At the same time
the more deserving tree-sparrow, so often
said to be ousted by its plebeian cousin, is
found as a winter visitor.
Exhaustive details are given of the van-
ishing raptorial species, many of the occur-
rences dating back to considerably more
than half a century ago. The red-backed
shrike does not often figure on the keeper's
black list, but the owner of a game farm at
Morestead, near Winchester, found it neces-
sary to destroy no fewer than twenty-five
of these butcher-birds in the year 1900
because they persisted in attacking the
young pheasants. There is an interesting
account of the gluttony of the cormorant,
alias the Isle of Wight parson. In 1867
Frank Buckland witnessed the fishing
exploits of trained cormorants in the river
Test.
The black - headed gull may now be
reckoned as ' a breeding species, having
within the last few years become established
in a large colony in the extreme south-west
of the county. The beautiful series of photo-
graphs of this gull at its nest are therefore
eminently suitable ; there is not, however,
an equal justification for including those of
the tern and the avocet. The icterine
warbler, the latest accidental visitor, brought
the total number of species for the county
up to 296, as opposed to Mr. Meade Waldo's
list of 280 in the year 1900.
Birdland Pictures. By Oliver G. Pike.
(Crofton Publishing Company.) — Tho many
admirers of Mr. Pike will welcome his latest
venture, a handsome folio containing twenty-
four large reproductions of photographs
from life. In this respect he has followed
the example of Mr. Kearton. The diffi-
culties in the way of an ambitious bird-photo-
grapher are so great that two dozen pictures
of exceptional value might well represent
the output of an ordinarily successful year.
As a matter of fact, we recognize more than
one-third of the illustrations as enlargements
from those that have appeared in Mr. Pike's
volumes of previous years ; while we have
certainly seen these identical pictures of
coal tits in several publications already.
Incidentally this fact enables us to gaugo
the amount of retouching involved, as in
tli<- case of a somewhat dyspeptic-looking
blackbird and the accompanying nest. A
robin's nest in a basket is surely too common-
place a subject to figure here in tho imposing
size of 9 in. by 7 in. A blackcap on its nest
is portrayed with a rather unconvincing tail ;
in fact, to a critical eye the ars celare artem
is to a certain extent missing. The gannets,
though very clear-cut, lack the beautiful
softness and roundness we have seen in
other photographs of these birds.
Having said this in the way of criticism,
we must express our unstinted admiration for
several fine achievements, among which is
conspicuous the excellent photograph of a
ruddy sheldrake — a vara avis indeed for the
naturalist with a camera. The somnolent
tawny owl and the very wideawake short-
eared owl are genuine masterpieces. A
great crested grebe on its nest, a kittiwake
with two delightful infants, a grotesque
quartet of puffins, and a very juvenile
buzzard are all pictures of which Mr. Pike
may be proud.
The Photoplane Company are responsible
for the reproductions, which reach a high
standard. The letterpress is confined to a
page to each illustration ; here Mr. Pike
has sometimes something of interest to say,
and sometimes not. The incidents of several
days spent upon the Bass Rock provide good
reading. A suggestion is put forward that
a considerable sum might still be realized
by collecting for sale the eiderdown on the
Fame Islands after the nests have served
their purpose. It appears that now, when
the birds are protected there so strictly,
this is entirely wasted.
SOCIETIES.
Geological. — March 21. — Mr. Aubrey Strahan,
V. P. , in the chair. — Messrs. M. M. Allorge, P. de
Gylpyn Benson, A. Bury, G. W. Edwards, and
A. Wade were elected Fellows. — The following
communications were read : ' The Chalk and Drift
in MiJen,' by the Rev. Edwin Hill, — ' On the
Relations of the Chalk and Boulder-Clay near
Royston, Hertfordshire,' by Prof. T. G. Bonney, —
and 'Brachiopod Homceomorphy : Pygope, Anti-
nomia, Pygites,' by Mr. S. S. Buckman.
Society of Antiquaries. — March 29. — Lord
Avebury, President, in the chair. — Mr. St. John
Hope read a short report by Mr. Somers Clarke as
Local Secretary for Egypt, which was discussed
by Mr. F. G. Hilton Price. — A paper was read by
Mr. H. St. George Gray ' On some Antiquities
found at Ham Hill, Somerset, and in the Neigh-
bourhood,' and, through the kindness of the Somer-
setshire Archaeological Society, he was able to
make thirty-five exhibits, many of rare objects of
the Bronze Age, Late-Celtic, and Roman periods.
These specimens from Ham Hill represented but a
small proportion of hundreds of relics collected
from the locality by two brothers-in-law, both
medical men, viz., Mr. W. W. Walter and Mr.
Hugh Norris, and later In' the former's son,
Mr. Hensleigh Walter. Ham Hill was situated
five miles due west of Yeovil, and about midway
between Ilchester and Orewkerne. The ramparts,
three miles in circumference, enclosed 210 acres.
The quarries for Ham Hill stone, belonging to the
Duchy of Cornwall, were very extensive, and it
was feared that as time went on the earthworks
and the areas anciently inhabited would be de-
stroyed, as happened at Hunshury Camp, in North-
amptonshire, tWO Or three decades agO, The relies
from Ham Hill covered a considerable period, from
the Neolithic Age up to and including Saxon times.
Some of the objects were similar to finds from Hod
Hill, and others were analogous to relies from the
Glastonbury lake village. Roman coins were com
nionh found, covering nearly the whole period of
the Roman occupation, and extending to Tlico-
dosius I., A.D. 379-95. Mr. Gray pave elucidatory
descriptions of the antiquities under three head
inga : firstly, objeots found in 1904-6 on Ham Hill ;
idly, relies From Hani Hill found before 1904,
some of which had been figured in archaeological
publications; and thirdly, a few relics from the
neighbourhood of Ham Hill. The first section
included a small enamelled disk of the character
of those which ornament the famous shield from
the Thames at Battersea (and now in the British
Museum). The most interesting fibula shown was
that bearing the maker's name avcissa, one of
seven that have been recorded from Britain, and
one of three from Somerset, the two other Somerset
examples (now in the Bristol Museum) being found
in some Roman lead-workings at Charterhouse-on-
Mendip. The Ham Hill example, Mr. Gray pointed
out, differed from all the others in having the S's
reversed. A hand -made earthenware bowl was
exhibited which was stated to have been found
12 ft. deep on Ham Hill in 1896. On the bottom
of the interior surface was a crude representation
of a face surrounded by radiating lines, probably
intended for the sun. On the sides of the bowl
was a series of eight disks of ornament, and on the
bottom of the vessel was a similar pattern. These
ornamental disks consisted of interlocked or re«
versed spirals, each surrounded by radiating lines
divided by elongated loops at measured intervals,
suggesting the circular motion of the sun, as in
the case of the swastika and the triskele. Mr.
Gray's first remark on seeing the bowl, and before
he knew anything of its history, was that it might
be of Mexican origin ; and although, since hearing
the statement that the bowl was found on Ham
Hill, he had somewhat wavered in his opinion as
to its origin or date, he had been inclined to regard
it recently as British of the post-Roman period,
but he did not know of anything ancient made
of the same kind of clay, This bowl was lately
examined by five well-known antiquaries, and it
was remarkable that no two opinions as to its date
or origin were alike. The extremes as regards
date were (1) Late-Celtic, (2) modern forgery of a
Mexican bowl ; but the Roman and Saxon periods
were also mentioned in connexion with the vessel.
The sucoi.d section of the paper dealt with relics
found previously to 1904 on Ham Hill. The
Bronze Age was represented by a spear-head of
the earliest type and a well-preserved gouge of
common form. The bronze ox's head, which may
have formed part of a complete animal, was typical
of Late-Celtic art, and nothing similar to it was
known from other localities. Two bronze objects
were exhibited which have usually been described
as probably caps or bosses which were fitted to
axles of chariot-wheels of the Early Iron Age.
Both were found on Ham Hill, circa 1823, and
very few similar objects were known in other
collections. The fibulas included an extremely
finely preserved T-shaped brooch of Roman
provincial type ; the bilateral coils of the spring
consisted of nine turns on each side ; it was one
of those fibuka? which were rarely decorated on
the catch -plate. Another rare type of brooch was
shown, having unusually thin flat bows, which
might be regarded as belonging to the end of the
first century or the beginning of the second century
a.d. As far as Britain was ooncerned, these
fibula? appeared to be a South-Western type,
having been found not infrequently at Ham and
Hod Hills, and in the Romano-British villages
excavated by General Pitt-Rivers. Another rarity
from Ham Hill was the small bronze Roman lamp,
weighing only 1 oz. 12dwt. ; a similar lamp, but
larger, was found at Hod Hill, Dorset. Part of
a Roman lorica, consisting of 39 plates of scale-
armour, was examined by the Fellows with keen
interest. The British Museum had five scales*of
the same cuirass. The bronze scales were tinned
alternately, and measured 25 mm. long by 14*6 mm,
wide, square at tho top and rounded at the base.
A few similar scales had been found elsewhere in
Britain, sometimes detached, sometimes linked
together. Two large and two small scales were
known from Hod Hill, three from Colchester, and
three from Hadrian's Wall at Walltown ("rag ;
and a portion of a similar cuirass from Catarac-
tonium, in Yorkshire At JKsiea (Great Chesters)
a " quantity of scale-armour" had been found in
1894 : but the scales were smaller than the Ham
Hill examples, and perforated with a greater
number of holes. Mr. Gray exhibited five objects
from the neighbourhood of Ham Hill, viz., a
bronze mask inlaid with silver, from Ilchester ; a
portion probably of B leaden coffin, decorated, from
Northover, near Ilchester: a bronze fibula of
early La Tene type, found at Melluiry, Somerton
(one of about thirty found in Britain) ; a Late
Bronze Age twisted tore, found at Chillington,
near Crewkcrne; and a double Loped bronze
palstave found in the parish of South Petherton
in 1842, The twisted (ore, as a typo, had been
■I -jr.
THK ATI! ENjEU M
\ 1093, April 7. lf»06
found more unooly in Bomei si than elsewhere
in BriUin !•• • were foui in Taunton Museum ;
in addition, three were found al Wadmore, at
w • i Buckland, and two on the Quant*
The double-looped palstave, Mr. Oraj tated,
oneoi four known to have been found in Britain,
and time ill these caiiK- from Somerset (South
Petherton, Wesl Buckland, and Cheddar). Two
examples were known from Ireland, and the type
was not uncommon in Spain A discussion
followed, in whioh the President, Prof. Gowland,
and Messrs. C. II. Itr.nl and Reginald Smith took
part. Borne doubt was thnm a on t he authenticity
of tin' earthenware bowl exhibited, and a Mexican
mode] was suggested for it. Attention was also
drawn to the distribution of double-looped pal-
staves, and it was remarked that one was also
known from tin' department of Charente, Western
France.
i
Zoological. — March 20. — Dr. II. Woodward
V.P., in tlio chair. — The Secretary read a report
on the additions to the menagerie during February.
He exhibited s paper cutting representing the print
of the fore foot of a large wild Indian elephant,
which had been taken from an impression left in
the soil, by Mr. C. A. Bherring, Deputy Commis-
sioner at Almoin, India. The circuinfereiu « of
the print was 66 inches. The secretary also
exhibited, on behalf <>t Mr. John Bowes, a tooth
of the mammoth from the sand in the estuary of
the East Swale, about three miles west of Heme
Bay. — Mr. Oldfield Thomas exhibited a brown
bear from the Shan States, which appeared to
represent a new form of the .-1. arctos group. It
was named Urtut arctos shanorum, subsp. n. —
Mr. R. E. Holding exhibited, and made some
remarks on, specimens illustrating anomalies and
variations in the teeth of animals ; and Dr. Walter
Kidd a second series of lantern-slides of sections
of the skin from the palmar and plantar surfaces
of mammals. — Dr. C. <■. Seligmann read a paper
giving, in tabulated form, the causes of deaths
amongst the mammals and birds in the menagerie
during 1905. — A communication from Mr. Guy
A. K. Marshall contained descriptions of the
species cf the coleopterous genus Sciobiue. The
genus comprised 41 species, of which 22 were
described as new. — Dr. Hans Gadow read a paper
entitled ' A Contribution to the Study of Evolution,
based upon the Mexican Species of Cnemidophorus.'
The main object of the paper was to trace the
correlation of certain variations exhibited by the
lizards of this genus, and the environmental,
bionomic conditions.
Microscopical. — March 21. — sir Ford North,
V. 1'., iii the chair. — The Chairman announced the
death of Mr. J. J. Ve/.ey, the Treasurer of the
Society, amostaotive, useful, and valuable member
of this and many other societies. Mr. Wynne E.
Baxter had been appointed Treasurer in succession
to Mr. Vezey. — Mr. .1. W. Gordon exhibited and
described a new retro-ocular or top-stop for
obtaining dark ground illumination with high-
power objectives, and increasing the definition of
highly resolved images in a bright field. — Mr. C. F.
Rousselet read a paper entitled 'A C ntribution to
our Knowledge of the Rotifers of South Africa.'
il'iistrating the subject by lantern-slides of the
Organisms described and of the localities where
they were obtained, as well as by mounted
specimens under microscopes. — Mr. J. M. Coon
exhibited and described a new form of tinder,
which could be used on any microscope, and by
which the object registered on one microscope
could be found on any other ; it can be used with
high powers. An abstract of a paper by Mr.
N. D. F. Pearce, 'On some Oribatidffi from
Sikkim,' was read by the Secretary. Mr. Michael
said that absolutely nothing had hitherto been
known about the OribatidcB of Sikkim, and \>i\
little of those found in the tropics. The wide
distribution of these creatures was remarkable,
for in searching materials from various parts of
the world he had generally found British Bpeoies
among them. Most of those described in the
paper were very small and inconspicuous, and it
was curious to notice that most of the tropical
species were on the average smaller than those
found in temperate climes. — A paper by Mr. E. M.
Nelson, 'On the Limits of Resolving Tower for
the Microscope and Telescope,' was taken as read.
nrcnox or Crvii. 1 B.
Sir Alexandi r R Bii in the i I
i i i.i i i . ad w ■■- ■ 1 1 •■ ll ii i. nth
Africa, with I and
! v * W. Mi thven.
I imci-d that 7 ■' had
been t ransfi i red to th< and t hat
l'_'_' oand ad been admitted ai Stud*
monthly ballot resulted in tie
Mem - I \|. mbi i . and 2 A
Rot u. Isstitition. April 2. sir James
Crichton • Brovi ne, Ti i and V. P., in the
chair.- Mr. W. A. Adam. Mr. \V. A. Rat
Mr. .). I!. Lightfoot, Mr. G. A. Moo,.-. Prof. J.
Perry, and Mr. M. II. K. Poser were elected
Mem hers.
SoMi.n oi Engineers. April 2. Mr. Maurice
Wilson, President, in the chair. A paper was
read on ' Harbour Exigency Works,' by Mr. Frank
Latham.
Akistotei.ian.— April 2. Dr. Hastings Rash-
dall, President, in the chair.— Dr. F. B. Jevons
read a paper on ' Timelessneas. ' Assuming time
to exist, we have before us the alternatives that
succession is the ultimate fact, and that past,
present, and future cannot coexist ; or that their
coexistence and mutual interpenetration is the
ultimate fact, and that they only appear to be
spaced out and distinguished: or that they are
ultimately in fact, as they are given in appearance,
at once successive and not successive — in reality
they both do and do not coexist. Things must
exist if they are to coexist, or to succeed one
another: what, then, is that present moment
which was preceded by the past and will be suc-
ceeded by the future, if past, present, and future
follow one another'/ It is, as it were, a vertical
line having length, but no breadth : one side of
the line is the past, the other the future, and
between them is nothing, which is the present.
And the past, which is no longer, and the future.
which is not yet, are, like the present, non-
existent. But if they do not exist, they can
neither coexist nor follow one another ; still less
can they do both. If they appear to do either or
both, they do so precisely because they are appear-
ance and not reality. In time, as Mr. Bradley
says, " we are forced to see the false appearance of
a timeless reality."— The paper was followed by a
discussion.
Physical.— March 2:?. —Prof . J. Perry, Presi-
dent, in the chair. — Prof. F. T. T outon read a
paper 'On Unilateral Electric Conductivity over
Damp Surfaces.'— A paper on -The Construe!
and Use of Oscillation Valves for rectifying H
Frequency Electric Currents.' was read by Pro
J. A. Fleming. — A paper on 'The Use of the
Cymometer for the Determination of Resonance
Curves.' was read by Mr. (J. B. Dyke.
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Mos.
Ti-ks.
Wbb.
Geographical, B.S0. — ' Recent Exploration and Surrey In
Seistan.'Col E B Mi Mahon.
Asiatic, i - ' Kapilava il u M \ o I
Colonial institute, 8.— 'Australian Immigration.' Mr. Walter
Jam* v
Faraday 9— 'Note on the Rotating Electric Steel i" ■■ pace in
!!"• A tille v Cons! action Works, Tu in .\i I -
' Electi otln? mice o fron and Steel Mr. I t. K
Recenl Dei elo nts in the Gin Elei
Mr. G re Gin; ' \ o i the ' le ininj o w
oi il. i Ci enl M II s i ol
1 lof l En 'On the Resistance of 1 on
and Stei I to Ren s,' l'r. T. E. Stanton
and M I.. Bairstow.
Zoolo '•-' ■ to -'The Freshwater Fishes ol the [stand of
' I d on thel itlectloii and Notes and Sketches
M ! Guppy, inn ..' Mr. C Tate Reran;
"The Marini I Zaniihar ami British Basi Africa
t "in Collections made bj < ■ ol Crossland in i<*'''.':
llcyoi P i ■ a v 'i homson snd Mr. w D. II.
'in In Osseous F he'.' and 'Xol n Suiien
Eye" Loi Deficiency and Redu] Ication of the Kotochord
in Troul Kin'.' ■ .... |i .i r Gemm U
>m ronomical, 5,
Japan, 8.30.— ' Bnddhhun as We Find it in Japan, Prof. J.
Tak.ikliMl.
^ciftttt (fiossip.
This year Easter falls on the same actual
day by botb the Julian and Gregorian styles.
though the former calls it the 2nd of April,
and the latter the 15th. It is ten years
since Easter was kept on the same day in
Eastern and Western Europe.
A com ri.iMKvi \u\ dinner was given last
week iii Edinburgh to l>r. 1?. N. Peach,
IK ' on Iii- r forty '
i ore. the I
Scotland. Dr. Peach wan presented ■■■
an illuminated address and ' r a
. and many tribute
paid to him .
lay Sir A. R. Binnie,
ident of the Institution of Civil En
will talo- thfl 'hair on I
hundredth distribution of certifi
student, of the Crystal Palace Coxnpan
School of Practical Engineering.
\i ' OltlUM. •
•iim-t (e, 1906) will enter the w< stern
part of the constellation Taurus next week,
moving towards the Pleiades. It- brightness
continue-, -lowly to diminish, and is now leas
than half what it was at the time of •
covery.
Vol. I. (New Sei iea / of the
of the Liverpool Astronomical
contains an account of tin- observatioi
t lie eclipse of the sun last August, for wl
a party of five members, under the directioi
of the Rev. R. Killip, proceeded to Bui 3
and obtained some valuable photographs
the corona, the sky clearing just befor
totality. Mr. Dickson wa- in
photographing the flash spectrum, whicl
he estimated not to last more than twe
seconds.
Xo. 2 of the Pultlications of the V
College Observatory contains a catalogue of
408 stars within two degrei >
Pole, deduced from phot' plates
taken by Prof. Donner, of H
The measurement and reduction have '
carried out under the di oi 1 >r.
Caroline E. Fur at 1
vatory, and the greater part of the
has been defrayed by a grant from the Car-
negie Institution of W No. 1
gave those within one degree of the Pole :
the present includes their places, together
with those between 1° and 2°. for the epoch
1888, with complete lists of the pi
coefficients, and the magnitudes, photo-
graphic and visual. The whole number
of plates from which they are deduced is
twelve.
FINE ARTS
ILLUSTRATED VIEWS AT HOME
AND ABROAD.
The Cathedrals of England and Wales.
Second Series. By T. Francis Bunii
(Werner Laurie.) — In this volume Mr.
Bumpus describes Canterbury. York. St.
Paul's, Winchester, Norwich, Peterborough,
Exeter, and Wells. The complacent spirit
in which he has set about his work may
be judged from the pride that must, he
says, be taken " in the reflection that
foreigners [fresh from Amiens or Beau-
vais. we may assume] are enabled to derive
their first impressions of an English minster
from Canterbury," which exhibits features
calculated to surprise, if not shock, some of
us. Mr. Bumpus approves, too, the pulling
down of the west front of Peterborough
But in spite of this convenient blind-
to some modern methods and expedients he
is a very useful and well-informed guide,
and hi- book should be carefully read
before any of the churches he describes are
visited.
Normandy. Bv Xieo Jungman. Text bv
G. E. Mitton. (A. cv C. Black.)— Mr. Jung-
man'a art is curiously complete within its
conventions : the spectator sees what is
put before him exactly as the artist feels it ;
N° 4093, April 7, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
427
his mastery over his powers of expression
leaves nothing to be guessed at in his work.
The choice of subjects in this book does not
carry us far off the beaten track, but we do
not consider that of itself a disadvantage.
The text supplies a generally accurate and
lively account of the history of the province
so far as it affects its connexion with England
and runs on pleasantly and discursively from
place to place. A few errors occur : the Con-
queror's thighbone disappeared in 1793, and
his epitaph is wrongly given. Mr. Jungman's
many admirers will find in the illustrations
to this well-printed volume all the qualities
they have learnt to expect in his work.
Normandy : the Scenery and Romance of
its Ancient Towns. Depicted by Gordon
Home. (Dent & Co.)— The illustrations to
this book rank with the best of the season's
work. It is difficult to find anything new
to write or draw about such places as Rouen,
Caen, or Mont St. Michel, but Mr. Home
has been able to find many other subjects
which combine artistic and literary interest.
The sketches of the Chateau Gaillard, near
le Petit Andelys, of the church at Gisors, of
Evreux, of the Rue aux Fevres at Lisieux,
and others, are very successful examples of
Mr. Home's powers in this direction. The
tourist who has seen the places described
and illustrated by him has seen the best
that Normandy can offer, and any one who
has not seen them may be recommended to
to take him as a counsellor, if not a guide,
in the selection of a new tour.
Summer Holidays among the Glories of
Northern France. By T. Francis Bumpus.
(Dennis.) — If it were only for the illustra-
tions— good half-tone blocks from well-
known photographs — every lover of Northern
France and of architecture would feel com-
pelled to obtain this book ; but they are
only one of its merits. Mr. Bumpus under-
stands his subject so well that he is able to
send his reader direct to the main point of
interest in the building he is describing.
He has a considerable feeling for the pic-
turesque, and though he writes as a High
Churchman and is keenly interested in litur-
giological questions, yet his absorption in
them never offends those not in sympathy
with his views. Some of his criticisms are,
we think, hardly justified, and are probably
due to his preference for English architecture ;
but we agree with his praise of many churches
generally overlooked by the tourist. We are
sorry that Mr. Bumpus has omitted to visit
such cathedrals as those of St. Omer and
St. Quentin. We should have been glad to
have his remarks on them, and to see them
brought to the attention of the travelling
public. This is a book which every one
about to visit Northern and Western France
should read.
The Cathedrals of Southern France. By
Francis Miltoun. (Werner Laurie.) — Mr.
Miltoun's book is so poor that one is driven
to wonder how a man who lias seen so many
important buildings can know so little
about them. He selects De Caumont's
classification founded on ornament, a classi-
fication discredited before Mr. Miltoun was
born. He seems unaware even of such well-
known writers as Quicherat or Gonse, not to
speak of Lefevre-Pontalis, Dehio, Revoil,
and others who have studied Romanesque
and Southern French architecture. Miss
McManus, who illustrates the work, has
eeded admirably in obtaining th<
geni i "i the lithographic album
popular fortj j ears ago.
The Italian Lakes, painted by Ella DuCane,
ribed by Charles Bagoi, is one "i Messrs.
Black's Beries ol colour hooks, it contains
a profusion of views with a great deal ol
pink about them. They may possibly recall
the scenery depicted to those who have seen
it ; but we can hardly think that they will
do much to give those who have not visited
Italy any very vivid notion of that peculiar
charm which Creighton (if we remember
right) held to be something beyond the
deserts of mere mortals. Mr. Bagot gossips
not unpleasantly, if with no great indication
of profound historical research, about ancient
Lombards and modern countesses, with an
occasional glance at Barbarossa and Charles :
the lakes are rich in historical memories. It
is a pity that the scheme of the work did not
allow of the inclusion of the greatest and not
least storied of them all, the mighty Benacus.
To use once more a saying indispensable to
the critic, " For those who like this sort of
thing, this is just the sort of thing they will
like."
THE BARBIZON SCHOOL.
The process by which a school of painting
wins its way to financial favour is very
curious. The new qualities that mark it
as a school are at first cared for by very few.
As, however, these qualities are not altogether
incompatible with certain others that have
long been regarded as admirable, the revo-
lutionary artist maintains at first a precarious
existence by producing work that satisfies
this conventional standard in such directions
as do not clash with the demands of his
artistic conscience ; and we may add,
though it is an unpopular saying with
partisans, that in so doing he usually pro-
duces some of his finest pictures — works
full-blooded, yet restrained ; and if he
continued to produce such, he would pro-
bably continue to eke out a modest exist-
ence.
But human nature is not so constituted
— a man with an idea rarely resists the
temptation to carry it to extremes. So he
neglects little by little, the demands (often
reasonable enough) of the world, and leaves
his work to stand or fall by its innovating
idea, taking to himself great credit for this
sometimes rather disastrous step (for which,
we may say in passing, the critic might
perhaps take his share of the blame on
account of his incapacity to discern originality
unless it is offered to him in crude lumps).
And now ensues a battle royal, and the poor
painter may starve, indeed, unless he find
a few enthusiasts to come to his assistance
with money as well as praise. Extravagant
attack, however, calls up defence, and by the
time the artist is very old, or dead, his innova-
tions have been plausibly explained, and
received that verbal justification without
which no logical man nowadays will allow
his eyes to enjoy themselves. Armed by
this permit, capitalists begin to buy, and
the painter's actual demise speedily puts his
work on a very different footing. He is
now a part of history, and every little daub
that he ever executed is hunted out by
collectors. Henceforward the limitations of
the artist, which the true amateur of painting
would pardon in favour of his merits, are
themselves erected into virtues, and sedu-
lously observed as such by a host of imitators.
Such was the typical course of the schools
of painting of the nineteenth century —
an age prolific of little artistic revolutions,
each rather intolerant of the other — and it
suggests that, the critical sense of the public
has been (and. for that matter, remains)
rather immature. An intelligent visitor to
our picture galleries would write down
picture-lovers as a windy and hysterical
line, making here a great fuss over very
little, and again curiously blind to what an
impartial observe] would think much more
interesting. Critics might well think about
resisting this blind homage to an historic
name, and establishing a saner way of
looking at things.
To get to the immediate matter in hand,
we submit that the esteem in which Barbizon
pictures (of almost any quality) are held
in England might well bear reconsideration.
Some of the members of this school lived to
see, as it were, in the distance the time when
their work would become marketable, and
were much tempted, realising the less value
their best work would have as compared
with their most characteristic, to try to
endow any little sketch from nature with
some of the quality of the latter by a little
artful retouching. Hence, among the
smaller works of Corot, there are many very
charming paintings that answer not very
definitely to the public idea of what a Corot
should be ; yet there are amongst the more
popular class that fulfil this idea not a few
that are merely dull and fuzzy repetitions
of old themes. It is because Messrs. Brown
& Phillips have in their exhibitions of modern
work displayed a flair anything but common
that, when we find them engaged on the
task of exploiting an outworn cult, we feel
moved to speak frankly on the exaggerated
deference paid to every few inches of
murky paint that have come out of Barbizon.
One might propose to a critic a simple
conscience test. Let him imagine this
small canvas as it looked when it had just
been painted (divested of the slight charm
that years give to pigment), lying about,
without a frame, in the studio of any of the
half dozen finest painters known in this
despised generation. For ourselves, we are
constantly seeing Barbizon pictures that sell
at from two to four hundred pounds apiece
that we should hardly rank as valuable
under such altered conditions ; and, indeed,
without going into such extremes in the
present instance, we doubt if any one
accustomed to the use of paint, and accus-
tomed to admire its masterly use, could rank
the first few Corots in the present exhibition
as anything more than very moderate and
rather dull performances, were these vouched
for as modern pictures. If is but fair to say
that the quality of the works of this painter
improves as one continues round the room,
till in No. 46, The Seine at St. Cloud, we have
a painting of infinite charm. It has all the
delicacy and softness Corot should have, all
the truth of tone and harmonious simplicity
of the Barbizon School ; but it has also an
alertness and a deftness of touch that answer
to the early morning feeling of the subject,
and that are not always conspicuous in a
school that is sometimes a little heavy-
handed and dull. Also, its colour-scheme
is rather more varied in its brilliance than
is usual in a painter who often bullied Nature
a little to get her into the gamut of which
he was master — a painter who was capable
on occasion of painting even a cornfield a
dun brown.
If there is a painter of all this band towards
whose name, even in a catalogue, the heart
goes out, it is the glorious Monticelli, whose
difficulty with Nature was never, at any rate,
that her hues were too brilliant for him to
harmonize. It is disappointing, therefore,
that he, the king of eolourists. should be
represented by one inadequate picture only.
The Group of Ladies with a Dot/ looks as
though some painter that had studied the-
matter thoroughly had put himself to do a
.Monticelli. The result is what might be
feared : he has been driven to break his
brilliant pigments into smaller strokes than
usual, but still their contrasts fail to blend
as parts in one simple movement of colour
which is the picture. We do not mean to
408
THE ATHENjEUM
N°4093, April 7, 1906
contend that Monticelli oevw painted the
picture, bat to point ou1 that ha was incom-
pletel] Ifontioelli at the time. There La
the MOM trouble with the Diaz. PefMM and
Cupids : it is manifestly Diaz trying to
remember in an uninspired moment how
he did better last time.
The most successful example here of the
task that Diaz specially excelled in. the
weaving on a tiny canvas a web of gemlike
threads which yet suggest a kind of trans-
figured reality, is to be found in Trovon'fl
Diana. Nothing could be more beautiful
in colour, yet it is almost a literal possibility,
and shows how the close study of nature that
Troyon practised gave him fresh weapons
for this sort of work. It is unfortunately
spoilt to some extent by a want of nobility
in the design of the figures. In the Depths
of the Forest we find him again with a
typical Diaz subject, but not venturing to
push the colour to the Diaz pitch of intensity.
On the other hand, it is a nobler conception
of forest form than Diaz would have achieved,
and the draughtsmanship is continued
through plane after plane of swaying leafy
veils with great firmness and a certain fluent
tranquillity. Of the other pictures, Dupre's
The Storm and Daubigny's Riverside Town
win one by their intensity heavily charged
with colour, and Rousseau's Mountain View
by its masculine construction. The Lake,
Lane leading to Ville d'Avray, and The Old,
Bridge at Nantes resemble good Corots.
WORKS BY MR. BYAM SHAW AND
MR. D. S. MACCOLL.
By an irony of fortune we pass from
the Barbizon School — whose greatest assets
are its modesty and harmony of colour,
whose defect is a certain unenterprising
repetition of themes that have lost their
freshness to the painter — to consider a
modern artist whose work is the very
antithesis of theirs, who has enterprise in
abundance in attacking original subjects,
who has great powers of realization, but
whose sense of harmony is not merely
defective, but even, we think, abnormally
defective, and apparently growing worse.
Flora, the Earth's Dressmaker, is the best of
the new pictures by Mr. Shaw, which are
now at the Dowdeswell Galleries. It shows
great power of visualizing an imaginative
conception : not a touch hesitates, every-
thing is clearly seen. Time may do much
for tins picture in the way of toning down
its crudity : the paint may shrink, flatten
out, and, as the opaque colour becomes less
opaque with age, give perhaps a little deli-
cacy to these solid and metallic petals ; the
stream in the distance (how exquisite a
thing is a stream in nature !) may get to
look less like basketwork ; every part of
the picture may not have quite the same
slirillness of competition it has at present ;
yet for all its faults here is the work of a
strong man, and the vein of imagination
yields better here than in last year's Academy
picture beside it, which is by comparison
commonplace, though again with bits of
naturalistic painting in it of great ability.
The "Prodigal Son picture is a mistaken
excursion from the region of painting by
colour that alone is Mr. Shaw's province.
It is very dull, and it is not in this direc-
tion that we should wish to see him develope ;
nor must a protest against his want of har-
mony be mistaken for any wish to tame his
purples or cast a shade over his vermilions.
The latest development of Mr. Shaw's
activity is in the direction of the ikon, the
alleged religious picture plastered over with
precious stones. Here ho seems to us to
make a deliberate attempt to deprive the
beholder of the proper use of his faculties
by a brutal attack on the opt ie nerve. It
is like hypnotizing people by making them
gaze at monotonously twinkling lights. It
i- the true instrument of priestcraft for a
degraded population wrought up to hysteria.
At the right moment the priest has but to
draw the curtain a moment, and the crowd
are convulsed with something between
ecstasy and horror. Mr. Shaw's marvel is
terribly effective for this, useless for any-
thing else in the purely physical nature of
its attack.
In a picture a year or two ago, not quite
successful as a whole, an interior of an inn
yard, Mr. Shaw did a group of street urchins
with a delicacy, a humour, a power, that
made ono see him as a more gentle Hogarth.
Nor have there been wanting some early
studies of half -humorous pseudo-mediaeval-
ism where was apparent the patience of the
painter who works in beautifully finished
parts, adding dainty colour to colour.
Can his power of realizing nature, moreover,
exist without the power of subordination, if
he cares to use it? These things we remember,
and had hoped for a painter of small and
unobtrusive, but brilliant and beautiful
things. Instead wre get sensationalism.
The role of the painter is so much superior
to that of the critic that, were any other
of our conireres the author of these drawings
of Mr. MacColl's, we should bestow our
blessing and beg him to leave off writing.
In Mr. MacColl, however, we have a writer
who is occasionally so suggestive to other
painters, so apt to throw out projects for
the future, that we cannot afford to wish
ourselves so cheaply rid of him. Nor do
we wholly criticize his drawings on the basis
of other drawings of a like nature. Judged
by that standard, they would be singularly
satisfactory : his art is light and certain,
and daintily accomplished ; he eliminates
with unerring tact those elements of the
scene he represents that would clog his dainty
technique, without proportionately enriching
the aspect of the thing he wants to give.
No. 13, Chapel of Our Lady of tlie Waves,
is just how that building might appear,
were it transmuted miraculously into some
ethereal even-coloured substance that should
throw into still greater relief the daintiness
of the thing. The Market-Place, Honfleur,
The Hundred Masts, and The Riverside,
Chartres, are little masterpieces of easy
delicacy. Noting only a certain inadequacy
in dealing with one or two of the deeper-
toned evening effects, we might continue in
this strain, were it an affair of the painter
only.
It is not. We are in the position of
a practitioner called in to advise an eminent
doctor as to his health. Doubtless it is his
business to know himself, yet even the most
eminent physician distrusts himself to the
point of submitting sometimes to such
examination. It is our opinion, then, that
the roles of painter and critic are in such a
case as the present interdependent — that it
is from his own experiences that the critic
derives profit. Does he bitterly deride
another's mistakes ? It is himself that he
is really deriding. Does he praise another's
successes ? It is a success that he is at
least promising himself. If, then, such a
man would bo ever offering fresh suggestions
to others, he must be ever toting the value
of those suggestions ; to be ready to supple-
ment them or apologize for them, he must
make essays, with however insufficient
opportunity, in the highest branches of art
which his speculations habitually touch,
and establish a first-hand acquaintance,
howovor disastrously in outward result,
with the most difficult branches of the art
he criticizes. To do this has a certain
reward, though not bo pence, and from this
point of view this collection of drawings,
eloquent of so much trained observation and
absorbed industry, is yet a noble form of
idleness : it is all so well within Mr. Mac-
Coil's range. Still, no doubt he deserved his
holiday : there are some more beautiful
drawings in the world, and ho has plucked
up fresh strength. " To-morrow to fresh
woods and pastures new.''
ARCHAEOLOGICAL NOTES.
The season for excavation in Egypt is
nearly over, and reports of the work done
are beginning to come in. In the current
number of the Proceedings of the Society of
Biblical Archaeology will be found a note by
Mr. Ayrton, with a map and photograph
showing the site of the tomb of Siptah
lately discovered, as mentioned in these
Notes (see The Atheneeum, No. 4081), in the
course of Mr. Theodore Davis's work at the
Valley of the Kings. Unluckily, the water
has got into the tomb, and destroyed some
of the paintings in stucco ; but " a very
beautiful portrait of the king " is said to be
left, together with some of the monarch's
ushabtis, and will be published later. This
should clear up all doubt as to his identity ;
but if he should really turn out to be the
last king of the Nineteenth Dynasty, whose
Horus name was Kha-em-khebit (rising in
the North ?), it is plain that Prof. Petrie was
wrong when he said in the last published
volume of his ' History of Egypt ' that
Siptah shared the tomb of his consort Ta-
usert. Prof. Petrie himself does not appear to
have been very successful, the site at Pithom
that he had hoped for having been already
assigned to M. Jean C16dat before liis arrival
in Egypt, and his work seems to have been
entirely confined to Tell el - Yahudiyeh
(the mound of the Jew), summarily excavated
for the Egypt Exploration Fund by M.
fidouard Naville in 1887. That this was
the site of the schismatic Jewish temple
erected by Onias was established by M.
Naville, and in his letter to The Times of
March 14th, Prof. Petrie claims to have dis-
covered the remains of this temple itself.
As the same letter tells us that the natives
have " barely left the outline of the founda-
tions of the temple," this is likely to be
largely a matter of faith, and one's scepti-
cism is not lessened by the statement that
the proportions of the Holy of Holies are the
same as those of Solomon's Temple. Of
Mr. Garstang's excavations at Hieraconpolis
and Esneh we hear nothing.
The excavations of the Fund at Deir-el-
Bahari have, however, this year been very
successful. Fully justifying the expecta-
tion expressed in these Notes (Athenccum
No. 408fi), M. Naville, soon alter taking over
the direction of the work from his co-
concessionaire and lieutenant Mr. H. R.
Hall, came upon the shrine of Hathor with
the figure of the gilded cow intact, which has
already been described in The Times. On
this and the future prospects of the excava-
tions ho writes to us : —
"In view of the duiiger to which the shrine of
Hathor and the statue of the goddess would have
bees exposed if left at Deir el-Bahari, M. Maspero
has ordered them to be removed to the Cairo
Museum. The row lias therefore been taken out of
the shrine, and the sculptured stones forming the
chapel taken down and cumbered. The shrine will
then be rebuilt in the Museum, and the cow will be
on exhibition there in a few days. The shrine was
in the north corner of the platform. We went on
digging along the axis of the building in a wide
avenue or court having a colonnade on each side of
N°4093, April 7, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
429
it. When we had got as far as the sixth column*
we found in the middle of the avenue a large granite
stela in perfect preservation. It is a royal decree
of Usertsen III. of the Twelfth Dynasty, in winch
he fixes the offerings to be made daily to the two
gods of the temple, Amen and Mentuhotep. This
shows that the temple we are excavating is the
funereal temple of its builder, King Mentuhotep
Neb-hapet-Ra. The presence of the stela also shows
that we are getting near the sanctuary or the tomb.
In fact, the day before we closed our work we dis-
covered, also in the middle of the avenue, the
entrance to a sloping passage cut in the rock, which
must evidently lead to the tomb, and which goes
towards the mountain. Next year's work will be
to remove the mound of rubbish which now covers
this passage ; and as the mountain is on the other
side of the mound, this will complete the work."
To which we will only add that the statue
in the round of the goddess Hathor in the
form of a cow here alluded to is of course in
addition to the fine bas-relief of the same
goddess already discovered by Mr. Hall.
Prof. Sayce has also published in the
number of the Proceedings last mentioned
three Hittite inscriptions, of which two
now appear for the first time. All of them
are of more general interest than most of
their class. One of them from Erzerum
gives, according to their decipherer, the
Hittite words for horse and for chariot.
These are iua and tua respectively, and Prof.
Sayce is quick to note the apparent corre-
spondence with the Iuaa and Thuaa which
were the names of the father and mother of
Amenophis III.'s celebrated Queen Tliyi.
He adduces in support the fact that a chariot
was found in the tomb of the pair discovered
last year (Athenceum No. 4047) by Mr.
Theodore Davis, and this has certainly
some value. On the other hand, it must not
be forgotten that Iuaa was " superintendent
of the cattle of the god Min in Ekhmim "
and his wife a priestess of Amen, neither of
them appointments likely to be given to
Hittites or persons not of Egyptian blood ;
and that Thyi's brother bore the thoroughly
Egyptian name of Aa-nen. The second
inscription, which comes from Palanga,
relates to a "double gate" for certain gods,
the hieroglyph used being, in Prof. Sayce's
opinion, the original of the caduceus borne
by the Greek Hermes. The third monument
gives a reference to " the table on which the
sacrificial meal is represented in Hittite
sculptures as being placed," and Prof.
Sayce declares, on the faith of a plate in
Perrot and Chipiez, that this was in effect
a communion table, made with cross legs,
at which the deity was supposed to sit
opposite the consecrating priest, and wdiich
is then represented as bearing six loaves or
wafers, with a cup in the midst of them.
Prof. Sayce claims that this was the form of
the Mithraic communion, and that it can
therefore be traced back to a Hittite source.
It is by no means unlikely, but it will
take a good deal of proving. The three
monuments are in the Imperial Museum at
Constantinople.
With this we may couple a curious dis-
covery communicated to the Academie des
Inscriptions by Father Jalabert, of Beyrout,
who has found on the road from Beyrout to
Saida, in the Druse village of Chueifat, a
Latin inscription to the three great deities
of Baalbek or Heliopolis, under the names of
Jupiter, Venus, and Mercury. M. Heron de
ViUefosse, who presented the inscription to
the Academie, had no difficulty in identifying
Jupiter witli Hadad, and Venus with Atar-
gatis ; but he was more puzzled with Mercury,
and pertinently asks who was the Syrian
god with similar attributes. According to
Prof. Sayce it should have boon Sandefl,
whose emblem was the caduceus or " double
gate " with the serpents, and who acted
in tho Lydian pantheon tho part of " Mes-
senger of the Gods," assigned in Babylonia
to Pap-sukal.
The long-standing mystery as to how the
Greeks and Romans managed their oars in
ships with many banks, such as the triremes,
has been at last taken in hand by the Hellenic
Society, and a spirited discussion upon it
is now being waged. It was started by
Mr. Tarn, continued by Mr. Cecil Torr — who
generally takes an independently critical
view in such matters — and the last contri-
butor to it is Mr. Anderson. Many different
opinions have been advanced, but the words
of Galen, in a well-known passage, that
the oars, though falling into the water in a
line, were not all of equal length, must mean
that the upper banks had more oar inboard
than the lower one ; and hence these upper
ones must have been manned, like a barge's
sweeps, by two or more men seated at the
same bench. As for the three orders of
rowers (i.e., the thalamites, zugites, and
thranites), there seems little reason to doubt
that these refer to the parts into which the
ship was longitudinally divided, the thranites
being furthest astern, and the thalamites in
the bows. Only, as the beam of the ship
must have been greatest amidships, it would
follow from this that the zugites must have
had more men to each oar than their luckier
fellows, and of this there is no hint, so far
as can be remembered, in the texts. We
are therefore still at a dead lock with regard
to the question.
The quarrel started by Prof. Seybold's
attack upon our countryman Mr. Evetts
still continues, the Revue Critique of March
19th again devoting a special supplement to
it. Mgr. Graffin is the last comer into the
fight, and a certain Abbe — or ex-Abbe —
Chabot is denounced by him as the villain
of the piece. Prof. Se3-bold also seems to
have replied to the attacks upon him that
he will answer them in a German publication,
which, as his French critics justly remark,
is pretty much the same thing to them as
saying that he will not reply at all. The
quarrel seems to be spreading, but we
must refer those who are interested in it to
our contemporary's pages.
THE DENNY AND OTHER SALES.
Mkssrs. Christie's sale on Saturday was one
of unusual interest, although the late Mr. E. M.
Denny's collection was not of the highest quality,
and the total which the 62 lots realized -
28,9067. 1 <>.•*. — was not big, as totals go nowadays.
The most important picture was Gainsborough's
stately three-quarter-length portrait of Harriet,
Viscountess Tracy (married in February, 1755,
and died in August, 179")). in blue dross, with
white lace trimming at the neck and on the
sleeves ; and this fetched ti.OOO gs. — a considerable
advance on tho 1,5001. which Mr. Denny paid
for it in IS!)/). The portrait has suffered from
time, especially in the ilesh tints ; but it is still
an imposing picture, and dates probably from
about 17S4. The companion portrait of her
husband, Viscount Tracy, belongs to Lord Burton,
and lx>th remained in the possession of the
collateral descendants of their subjects until some
ten years ago.
Tho most important of the four portraits
catalogued as by Reynolds was a genuine picture
of Nelly O'Brien (who frequently sat to Reynolds),
a half -figure in white dress, with mauve ribbons
round her waist and sleeves, and this brought
2,500 gs. Tho provenance of this picture goes
with certainty no further back than the sale of
the oolleotioD of Mr. John Gibbons, of Hanover
Terrace, Regent's Parle, who died in 1861, and
whose collection was apparently inherited by the
Rev. B. Gibbons; there can, however, be little
doubt that it is the same picture which was in the
Charles Mcigh sale of April 2nd, I860, when it
realized 49 gs. The second " Reynolds," a portrait
of a lady in black silk oloak with white lining and
large black hat, is a portrait of a Mrs. Molesworth.
The present writer has little doubt that it is a--
ver}' beautiful example of Sir William Beechey,
painted under the distinct influence of Reynolds.
It was at Messrs. Christie's on February 28th,
1891, when it realized 280 gs., and when its
authenticity as a Reynolds was rery much
discussed, as it was last week, when it brought
1,520 gs. The third " Reynolds," a portrait of
Miss Fuller, in blue dress with purple and white
cloak, and pearl necklace, was engraved by R. B.
Parker in 1876 as by Reynolds, but it) is probably
the work of Cotes ;"it realized 220 gs. The fourth
Reynolds was a portrait of a lady in yellow dress
and black cloak, and brought 200 gs." The Early
English School also included : F. Cotes, Portrait of
a Lady, in white dress with blue scarf, 180 gs.
Hogarth, Portrait of a Young Girl, in brown dress
with white lace trimming, 155 gs. Hoppner,
Portrait of a Lady, in white dress with pink sash,
520 gs. T. Hudson, Portrait of a Lady, in white
dress with pink ribbons and blue oloak, 420 gs.
Lely, Hon. Mary Howard, in yellow dress
with grey scarf, 130 gs. J. Lonsdale, Queen
Henrietta Maria, in white dress with pink
ribbons, 130 gs. Ben Marshall, The Sportsman,
a portrait of J. C. Shaddick, with his horse
and two pointers, in a landscape, carrying his
gun and a pheasant, exhibited at the Royal
Academy of 1801, HOgs. (this fetched 205 gs. at
Messrs. Christie's on February 28th, 1891). Sir H.
Raeburn, Portrait of a Lady, in grey dress with
white frill and cap, 100 gs. Romney, Mrs. Oliver,
in white dress and flowing head-dress, seated, hold-
ing her young child in her lap, 1,250 gs. This
realized 720 gs. on July 10th, 1897, and is one of
two pictures which Romney painted of this lady.
A so-called Romney portrait of Lady Hamilton,
in pink dress, is not by Romney, nor does it
represent Lady Hamilton, but it brought 380 gs.
It fetched 90 gs, in 1S91, when it appeared in the
saleroom as by another artist, the attribution to •
Romney l>eing an "afterthought."
Of the three water-colour drawings, D. Cox's
Carthage : .-Eneas and Achates, brought 205 gs.,
and Sir J. Gilbert's Duke of Gloucester and the
Murderers, 82 gs. The two realized 165 gs. and
100 gs. at the Quilter sale of 1889.
The Modern English School included : Constable,
Salisbury Bridge, engraved bv Norman Hirst in
19<»4, 2/700 gs. (this cost Mr. Denny 1.S00/.);
Strand-on-the-Green, 400 gs. A. C. Gow, Was
Prospects (Royal Academy, 1891), 115 gs. J. W.
Godward, The Engagement Ring, 105 gs. J. C.
Hook, Cornish Miners Leaving Work (R.A., 1864),.
370 gs. C. R. Leslie, Sir Walter Scott, in green
coat and buff vest, engraved by G. H. Phillips,
135 gs. P. Nasinyth, An Extensive View from
Mr. Blackwell's Harrow Weald Common, with
figures and cattle, 780 gs. ; A Landscape, with a
cottage among trees on the right, a peasant leading
a horse along a road, 800 gs. (these were in Mis-
Elizabeth Hunt's sale in 1890, and then sold for
290 gs. and 260 gs. respectively ; they were ac-
quired by Mr. Denny for 800/. ). F. Sandys,
Valkyrie, 190 gs. (Leyland sale, 1S92. 74 gs.). J.
Stark, A View oti the River at Thorpe, with
wherries, cart, and figures, 4(H) gs.
Modern Foreign Schools : Rosa Bonhcur, A Group •
of Ten Sheep in the Pyrenees, 1,020 gs. (H. W. F.
Bolckow sale, 1891, 1,260 gs. ). Madame Mario
Dietcrle (a daughter and pupil of Van Marcke),
Cattle approaching along a Woody Road. 2S0 gs. ;
Cattle in a Meadow, 175 gs. A. A. Lesrel, Con-
noisseurs, 1 13 gs.
Probably the sensation of the sale was provided
by the pair of splendid portraits by a Dutch
artist almost unknown in this country, Nicholas
Elias Piokenoy, a native of Amsterdam, where 1"
was baptized on January 10th. 1588, and where he
died between 1653 and 1656. He is well repre*
sented in the Rijks Museum by thirteen examples.
The portraits in the Denny collection were t)otb>
painted in 1632 : one is of a lady in black dress,
with gold-embroidered front, large white rufT, with
lace cap and cuffs, and the other is the companion
portrait of a gentleman in black dress with white
lace ruff and cutis : each is on panel. The pair cost
about 1,2001., and now brought 3,1(X) gs. G.
Honthorst was represented by two works : Princess
Mary Stuart, Princess of Orange, in yellow dress
with pink bow, and William II. of Nassau, when
a boy, in pink and silver dress, each on pane], and
signed ami dated 1639. They realised 950 gs., and
had been in the following collections ■ Hamiltoo
430
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4093, April 7, 1906
r.il.i... lssj II" II P. Mil.lma\. 1801
(400ga ), and J. Rostra, lHSti •■ U. Jameaone,
Ladj Dnndaa, in blank die— with vUtM raff,
Bernardino Lnini, St. Catherine of Siena
(lint -,nt Ali-V.imlli.l. " .1- cal.dngllci, 111 red, Mile,
imil green dress, a (liM-nrat inn tnr an altarpieoe,
.'too gs. J. \-'. Tinabein, Friulein Bohmetde, in
white dross \» itli yellow sleeves, signed and dated
1799, 120 0.
The miscellaneous propertiea (which realised
ti/.)inth« aak included Little of note, bat the
following in. iv l«' mentioned: Reynolds, Miss
Penelope Bowyer, in white dress trimmed \\ith
ermine, 100 ga : M.uy, Ooantem da Ls Warr, in
white roba, 490 ga. (vomney, Lady Hamilton .1- a
Vestal, in white robe and head-dress, 170 gs. I'.
Maamyth, A Woody Landscape, with cottage and
figures, 14."> gs. sir A. More, Mr. Thomas
1 iham, I50ga a. Canalittn, Pair of Views on
the Grand ('anal, Venice, with gondolas and
fignrea, 340 ga La Nam. aYOompan} of Butchers,
with an ox, 130 g& Three drawings by J. Down-
man: Maty Isabella, Daohess of Rutland, in white
drees, her bah* Imuml with a Bcarf, 165 gs. : Lady
EL Oompton, afterwards Oonntess of Burlington,
in white dress with large oap, 160 gs. : Admiral
Philip Aflleek, Dalham, Suffolk, in blue uniform,
Kio ga
Messrs. Christie Bold on the 28th nit. the tol-
lowing etchings and engravings: After Rembrandt:
Peasant Girl, by W. Say, 351. : The (Jihier. by J.
Dixon, XL ; The Night Watch, by C. YValtner.
XL ; The Syndics, by Koepping, '27/. After
Turner : Calais Pier, by T. Lupton, 34/. After
Meissonier : 1S(K;, by J. Jaoquet, 39/.
The same firm sold on the 2nd inst. the following
drawings: Adam Buck. Mrs. Mountain playing a
Guitar, *4/. K. Daves. A Promenade in St. James's
Park, llo/. J. Downman, Mrs. Broadhead, in white
dress, with powdered hair. 2251. ; Mrs. Ward, in
grey coat, with powdered wig. 84£
3fin*-]Vrt (5os5ip.
At the Fine-Art Society's rooms last
Wednesday there was a private view of
Mr. William Hole's water-colours illustrating
the life of Christ, which we have already
mentioned.
To-day is the private view, at Messrs.
H. Graves & Co.'s galleries, of ' Landscape
Paintings in Oil,' by Mr. V. de Yille.
This year again we are invited to view an
Oxford Exhibition of Historical Portraits,
which opens next Tuesday.
Mkssrs. Duckworth & Co. announce in
their " Library of Art " the ' Life and Works
of Sir William Beechey, K.A..' by Mr. W.
Roberts, who has devoted much research to
this neglected painter.
One of the oldest representatives of the
Diisseldorf School has passed away in the
veteran landscape painter Prof. Albert
Flannn, whose death in his eighty-third
year is announced from Dusseldorf;
The death in his forty- ninth year is reported
from Budapest of the talented Hungarian
painter Alexander Bihari. His genre pictures
are exceptionally clever, and he also achieved
success as a landscape and portrait painter.
An elaborate edition in quarto, printed on
Dutch handmade paper at the Chiswiok
Tress, will be ready shortly of ' The Old
Stone Crosses of Dorset,' by Mr. Alfred
Pope. Monuments of the kind in Dorset
are notable and abundant, and the author
has spent many years studying them. The
book will include a dumber of reproductions
from photographs which have been specially
taken to illustrate it.
An important work, under the title of
'Tableaux de Maitres aneiens appartenant
a S.M.rLmpereurd'Allematrne,' is announced:
it is to appear in twenty-four parts, and will
be elaborately illustrated with reproductions
irom pictures in the various royal residences
at Berlin, Potsdam, Konigsberg, and eaaa-
wlmre. The text is in the hnnds of Dr.
W'ilhehn Bode and Dr. Max l'i icdhuidcr.
Many of the pictures are well known, but
others will be new to the general art-loving
public. The Emperor lent a selection of
his French pictures to the Paris Exhibition
of 1900. The new publication is to be
issued at five miuks 11 part.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
Qij:kn*s Hall. — Bach Festival.
The Bach Choir was founded thirty years
ago by Mr. Otto Goldschmidt, and at the
first concert (April 26th, 1870) lie per-
formed Bach's * Hohe Messe,' a work
of which up to that time only one or
two excerpts had been heard in England.
Dr. Walford Davies therefore wisely in-
cluded it in the scheme of his first Bach
Festival held on Monday and Wednesday
evenings at the Queen's Hall.
The programme of the first concert
included three Church Cantatas. The
first was li Erschallet ihr Lieder," com-
posed the year after Bach's appointment
at Leipsic, a magnificent work. The
brilliant opening chorus is Handelian in
its direct, diatonic character, but the
beautiful duet '" Komm, lass mich nicht
lunger warten," is altogether characteristic
of the Eisenach master. The second was
a solo cantata for contralto voice, "Schlage
doch, gewiinschte Stunde." The auto-
graph of this work, impressive by reason
of its simplicity, does not exist, and,
further, there is only internal evidence
as to its being Bach's composition. Any-
how, it is a noble work, and the represen-
tation of the passing-bell shows how
effective touches of realism are when
added by a master hand. The vocal
part was rendered with artistic taste and
genuine feeling by Miss Ada Crossley.
The third cantata, also belonging to the
early Leipsic period, was " Liebster Gott,
wann werd ich sterben," another inter-
esting composition. There is a mine of
wealth in Bach's Church Cantatas — a mine
which it will take Ipng to exhaust. The
composer, one might say, wrote to order ;
in other words, he was expected to provide
cantatas for the services at St. Thomas's.
That some of them are less impressive
than others is therefore not to be won-
dered at ; it is, however, astonishing to find
among them so many grand specimens.
Bach's heart and soul must have been in
his work. The rest of the programme
consisted of excerpts from other cantatas,
and the great Organ Prelude and Fugue in
E minor, skilfully and effectively performed
by Dr. H. 1'. Allen, organist of New Col-
lege, Oxford. The soloists of the exerting.
in addition to the one named, were .Miss
( ;|eeson-\Vhite and Messrs. Cervase ElweS
and \Y. Korinirton. who all sang commend-
ably : their duties were neither light nor
at all times thankful. The choral singing
was very good, the tone in the quiet
passages, being of delightful quality. Dr.
Davies. conducted with all due earnestness.
In a serious programme such as the
one jtivt described, light, secular music
would have been Out <>f place ■ but at
bis. next Bach festival Dr. Davies might
perhaps add a third oonoert, to
show, that the master could not only
achieve the serious and the sublime, but
that he could also be blight. huiuoi<
and even downright merry, without lower*
ing by one jot either bifl art or himself.
The second evening of the Festival WSS
devoted to the b minor .Mass. Mention
has often been made of this great work, of
its wonderful workmanship, its emotional
power; and it would seem as if there v
nothing new to say about it, Of I
however, the works of Richard Strauss
have engaged public attention, owing to
frequent performances of them by Mr.
Henry J. Wood, and this .Mass comes like
a strong protest against the aims and
achievements of the modern composer.
In Bach we have consummate skill with-
out eccentricity; in Strauss, skill of a high
order with eccentricity. In Bach we have
great boldness, yet on the whole respect
for laws and customs ; in Strauss, rather
defiance thereof. Bach's music is now
over two hundred and fifty years old, and
some of the solos, undoubtedly, bear signs
of age; but it may be asked, How will
Strauss's music bear the test of time ?
The performance of the Mass on
Wednesday reflects great credit on Dr.
Walford Davies. He is thoroughly in
earnest — at times, perhaps, too much so :
there was everywhere the right spirit,
though in matters of balance of tone,
light and shade, and tempi, certain points
were open to criticism. On these, how-
ever, it is not necessary to dwell. We
would far rather speak of the impressive
rendering of the great choruses, particu-
larly the " Cum Sancto Spiritu," the
"Credo," and the " Sanctus." The last
named was given with becoming dignity.
and offered a notable contrast to the
hurried rendering under Herr Wein-
gartner's direction at Sheffield, whereby the
music was robbed of much of its grandeur.
The Bach Choir was reinforced for the
occasion by singers from Oxford. The
soloists were Miss Gleeson- White, Mis-
Ada Crossley. and Messrs. Gervase El\\' B,
and Forington, of whom the second and
the last were the most satisfactory.
iHusiral (Bossip.
A SPECIAL feature of the sixth concert
given by Miss Grace Sunderland and Mr.
Frank Thistleton, at Broadwood's on
March 29th, was the performance of Haydn's
' The Last Seven Words of the Saviour on
the Cross,' arranged for quartet. They were
originally written in 1785 for orchestra with
bass recitative, to be performed at Cadi/.
Cathedral during Holy Week. The series
consists of seven short movements, mood-
pictures, answering to the Seven Word- :
there are also an introductory movement
and a final one, entitled 'II Terremoto.'
"an example of the tremendous effects of
an Earthquake," as it is described in the
advertisement of Tlie Morning Chronicle
for the performance mentioned below. They
were arranged by Haydn himself for string
quartet. The work was produced in London
N° 4093, April 7, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
431
in 1791, under the composer's direction,
apparently in the original form. The pro-
gramme of the final concert of the Sunder-
land-Thistleton series, on the 26th inst.,
will be devoted to Purcell, Handel, and
Bach, and is one of great interest.
The Joachim Quartet has been giving
this week a series of five recitals at the
»*>ociete Philharmonique de Paris, at each of
which one of Beethoven's last five quartets
was to be performed. The final recital
is to-day, and, as already announced, Dr.
Joachim and his worthy associates give
their first concert at the Bechstein Hall
on the 2"rd inst.
It is reported that Herr Wilhehn Gericke
is about to resign his post of conductor of
the far-famed Boston Symphony Concerts,
and that he will return to Europe. He was
-conductor of these concerts from 1884 to
1889, and was reappointed in 1898.
The fourth anniversary of the death of
Verdi has been celebrated at Roncole, where
the composer was born. In his will he left a
small yearly income to fifty poor families,
who, to show their gratitude, have placed
«, commemorative tablet on his birth-house.
The cure of the village and these humble
folk assembled in front of the house, kneeling
*nd offering prayers, after which the tablet
"was unveiled.
M. Leoncavallo has gone to Spain to
study the people, their customs,and especially
their folk-songs, before writing his new opera,
* Figaro's Youth.' He hopes (according
to an interviewer) " to produce a work
which will occupy the same place in opera
<,omiqv.e as Bizet's ' Carmen ' does in dramatic
■opera " !
A jury composed of MM. Vincent d'Indy,
■Gigoiit, Cuilmant, Tournemire, and L.
Verne has selected M. Joseph Bonnet, pupil
of M. Guihnant at the Conservatoire, for the
important post of organist at the church of
St. Eustache, Paris.
The competition for the Grand Prix de
Rome will begin at the Palais de Com-
piegne on May 5th, and the result will be
made known at the Institut on June 30th.
Herr Wolf-Ferrari's new comic opera,
* Die vier Grobiane,' was produced at Munich
on March 20th, and performed at the Berlin
Theater des Westens next day, under the
direction of Herr Bertrand Sanger. The
libretto, after Goldoni by Giuseppe Pizzolato,
was translated into German by Hermann
Teibler, who died suddenly on the very day
•of the Berlin performance.
Madame Mathilde Marchesi de C es-
trone, who is still actively engaged in
teaching, celebrated on March 26th the
eightieth anniversary of her birth. Sixty
years ago she studied under Manuel Garcia.
Madame Marchesi taught singing for many
years at Vienna and Cologne, but since 1881
has lived in Paris. Her daughter and pupil,
Madame Blanche Marchesi, bears good
testimony to the excellence of her mother's
teaching.
There is a notice of Bizet's ' Don Procopio,
recently produced at Monte Carlo, in the
New Zcitsrhrift of March 21st, signed Max
Pvikoff. He speaks of pleasing melodies
showing the influence of Mozart, Rossini,
and Donizetti, but only in a small march
does he find foreshadowing*? of the future
■creator of ' Carmen.' As to the Italian
influences just mentioned, he quotes from
a letter of the composer (dated January 1 1th,
1859) as follows : " Sur les paroles italiennes
il faut faire italien. Je n'ai pas cherche a
me derober a cette influence."
The Beethoven-Haus at Bonn has recently
■added to its treasures the score of the
' Coriolan ' Overture, which was purchased
from some one at Weeneu.
Messrs. Novello will shortly publish
1 Programme Music in the Last Four Cen-
turies,' by Frederick Niecks, Reid Professor
of Music in the University ot Edinburgh.
Sis.
FkT.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Sunday Society Concert. S.80. Queen's Hall.
Sunday Leapue Concert. 7, Queen's Hall.
Orchestra] Concert, :i, Queen's Hall.
Royal Choral Society, 7. Altieit Hall.
Orchestral Concert, 8, Queen s Hall.
DRAMA
THE
-Mauricette
Three
Andre-
use, and
Theatre,
Picard,
for
the
Mr.
WEEK.
Lyric. — Mauricette : a Co?ne-h/ in
Acts. From the French of
Picard by H. B. Irving.
In adapting for his own
production at the Lyric
' Jeunesse ' of M. Andre
Irving has adhered, during two acts,
pretty closely to the story of his original.
In the third he has ventured upon
changes of interpretation, and, to a cer-
tain extent, consequently of conception,
which have the effect of giving a some-
what melodramatic complexion to what
in the original is comedy with a suggestion
of cynicism. For a change of treatment
there is every warranty. First produced
at the Odeon on December 12th, 'Jeunesse'
delighted during two acts by the freshness
of its views and the sincerity of its treat-
ment. As is too often the case with plays
dealing with social problems, the last act
failed to fulfil the opening promise, and
even left the audience with an ill taste in
its mouth. In fact, the social problems
of a world in which institutions previously
regarded as serious are placed debonairly
on their trial will not always, or often,
fit themselves to the issue complacently
provided. The pent - up waters refuse
to trickle down the channel, but force
for themselves a passage of their own.
Something of the kind is obvious
enough on our own stage, and
itself in the best work of our
and Henry Arthur Joneses ;
' The Benefit of the Doubt '
former, and ' The Masqueraders ' of
the latter. With French dramatists, less
cramped in their efforts by the exigencies
of Mrs. Grundy, the difficulty is besetting,
and the conclusion of a work promising
at the outset is continually disappointing.
A generation ago, in one of his divinely
impertinent addresses to his reader, in
which he anticipated the method of Mr.
George Bernard Shaw, Alexandre Dumas
fils gave the sage counsel, " Garde-toi des
femmes jusqu'a vingt ana ; eioigne-toi
d'elles apres quarante." That reasonable
advice lias since then gone out of date,
and the love affairs of the man of forty
years have long been a favourite subject
with actor-managers. Another decade or
so has been added in the present case to the
years of the amorist, and Roger Dautran
is, in the original at least, well over fifty
years. Though married to a wife whom
he owns to be a model of all the virtues,
he is still given to make love to others less
asserts
Pineros
witness
of the
worthy of worship. Time, not Corydon,
has at length conquered him, and he is
down on his luck when the indiscretion of
his wife brings him another chance.
Sensible that the house is wanting in
youth, she has the evil inspiration to
secure as reader a bright, unconventional
girl, the penniless daughter of a dead
artist. The presence of this being suffuses
the house with the light of youth and love,
and, " pour le bon motif ou le mauvais,"
suitors swarm round Mauricette. Among
them is Roger, whose experience and
pleasing ways seize her heart. Madame
Dautran soon learns the extent of her
indiscretion, and Mauricette, who is
attached to her, and would not wrong
her, finds a way out of the difficulty bv
marrying Dr. Aubert, a loyal and devoted
suitor. Here the story virtually ends.
What is in fact a species of epilogue shows
the triumph of the juvenile spouse over
the would-be lover. Neither in the French
nor in the English is the termination very
natural or very effective, and the best
thing that can be said about it is that it is
of exemplary morality.
The English dialogue is good, the whole
is well acted, and the piece is a success.
In the part of the hero, played in France
by M. Tarride, Mr. Irving shows more
passion than psychology, and carries
away the public by his earnestness and
his energy. Miss" Dorothea Baird is
sympathetic and fascinating as Mauricette,
a part taken in France bv Madame Marthe
Regnier. As Madame Dautran Miss
Marion Terry gives still further proof of
her incomparable art. Mr. Leslie Faber
is good as the husband of Mauricette.
A very warm reception was awarded the
performance. The lighter scenes have,
indeed, much that is pleasing. A satis-
factory termination has yet, however, to
be provided.
dramatic (gossip.
' The New Clown ' was revived at Terry's
Theatre on Saturday last. Mr. James WeicTi
reappearing a.s Lord Cyril Garston. With
it was given ' A Lady Burglar,' a one-act-
play by Mr. Charles Brookfield. In this a
young lady with advanced views as to
property is detected by a barrister whose
rooms she plunders during his supposed
absence. After a conversation, to be
expected in the circumstances, the relations
of the pair become amorous, and the pro-
perty seems likely to be convoyed to the
lady by means other and more legitimate
than those she at first contemplated.
R. C. Carton's one-act p'ay ' Dinner for
Two,' first produced in the spring of 1903,
was revived at Wyndham's Theatre on Mon-
day evening, when it was played before' Tlio
Candidate ' by Mr. Edmund Maurice and
Mr. Yorke Stephens. The theatre closes
this evening.
The first production of ' Dorothy o' the
Hall ' at the New Theatre is fixed for Satur-
day next. Two acts of this pass on the
Terrace. Haddon Hall, and one in the Wat< h
Tower, Rutland Castle.
'The SBOOND in Command' will be
revived on the same evening at the Waldorf
Theatre. Mr. Cyril Maude reappearing as
Major Bingham.
432
THE ATHENiEUM
N°4093, April 7, 1906
Thursday, the 19th ami., ■ fixed by Biise
Lena Aahwell lor reopening the savoy
Theatre with 'The Bond of Ninon,' in the
cast of which Miss Beatrice Terry and Mr.
Vincent Bternroyd have been included.
Owing to the indisposition of Miss Violet
vanbrugh, the revival at the Garrick of
' Monsieur do Paris ' lias had to be post-
poned until to-day, when it will be played
both morning and afternoon.
The autumn season at His Majesty's will
open early in September with ' The Winter's
Tale,' with, as has been announced, Miss
Ellen Terry as Hermione, and Miss Treo as
Perdita. ' Macbeth ' and ' Antony and
Cleopatra ' will follow.
Miss Margaret Halstan plays in ' Nero '
the part of Acte created by Miss Dorothea
Baird, whose part at the Lyric we notice
above.
MISCELLANEA
CHAUCER BIBLIOGRAPHY.
There recently came into my possession
a copy of John Stow's edition of Chaucer
(1561) which is in several respects of special
interest. The book is a very large copy
(measuring 13,'V by 9 inches), with some
edges uncut. It is in the original oak
boards, which are much worm-eaten, and
still have the greater part of the leather with
which they were covered. On the back of
the title, in a neat Elizabethan hand, is the
passage from the peroration to ' The Persones
Tale,' in which Chaucer mentions his principal
works, apologizes for whatever may be amiss
in them, and prays for grace to bewail his
" giltes." This passage does not appear in
the text of the book, because it is not in the
manuscript used by the printers of the early
folios. On the last leaf there is a note in a
different hand : —
" Geffry Chaucer dyed 25 of October 1400 aged
72 yearea and lyes buriede in Westni. Abbey
Afterwards Mr. Nicholas Brigham 1555 added this
inscription < n his tombe, ' Qui fait Angloruni
vateff,' " &c.
A third note, dated 1807, is by W. H.
Coldwyer, of Bristol, who surmises from the
manuscript entries noted above, and from
the fact that the initials I. S. are stamped
on the sides of the book, that this was Stow's
own copy. " It has been in my family
almost two centuries," says Mr. Goldwyer,
"and belonged to Henry Dudley, Vicar of
Broad Hinton, Wilts, about the year 1670,
my maternal grandfather."
Though I do not believe that the writing
is Stow's, as Mr. Goldwyer supposed, it is
pleasing to think that this may have been
the editor's own copy. This theory receives
some support from the initials I. S. and
from the fact that the copy belongs to an
early issue.
It is well known that the introductory
leaves vary in different copies of the 1561
edition of Chaucer. There are two entirely
different title-pages : one with a large cut
of Chaucer's arms in the centre, the other
with a picture of a king in Council at the
top. Copies differ also as regards the
' Prologue,' some having woodcuts of the
characters, and others not. These woodcuts,
which are much wrorn, are identical with
those in Pynson's edition of ' The Canter-
bury Tales,' 1526. By 1561 several of the
blocks appear to have been lost, because
some are made to do duty for more than
one character ; for example, the Wife of
Bath is represented by the picture of the
Prioress ! For this reeaon, and because the
blocks inuat have seemed somewhat primith 0,
it was evidently decided, after a few copies
of the leaves had been struck off, to dispense
with illustrations. The saving of space
caused the number of introductory leaves
to bo reduced from fourteen to ten : the
bulk of the volume is uniform in all copies.
If the title with Chaucer's anus is called A,
the title with the king in Council B, the
introductory leaves with the woodcuts C, and
the leaves without them D, the combina-
tions usually found are A + D (by far the
commonest) and B-j C ; these are the forms
described in the 1893 catalogue of the
Grolier Club. The fine copy in the Gren-
ville Library and the copy in the King's
Library in the British Museum are examples
of A -f D ; while the third copy in the Museum
is B-f-C. It is interesting to find that there
exist copies with the other possible combina-
tions, and copies which, from their condition,
have clearly not been " made up." Mr.
Hoe has a large copy with the title of the
king in Council, and the ' Prologue ' without
the woodcuts (i.e., B + D) ; while the copy
now before me is the only example I can
trace with the title with Chaucer's arms and
the ' Prologue ' with the woodcuts (i.e.,
A-f C). George A. Aitken.
To Correspondents.— G. F. H. X.— J. L— s. E. w.—
J. L. W.— A. C. B.— Received.
S. S. — Books received.
J. S. P. T. — Controversy closed.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
We cannot undertake to reply to inquiries concerning the
appearance of reviews of books.'
T
H E
A T H E N JE U M.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS
£ s. d.
5 Lines of Pearl 03B
75 , (Half-Column) 1 16 0
A Column 3 3 0
A Page 990
Auctions and Public Institutions, Five Lines 4.«., and Sd. per line of
Pearl type beyond.
IX THE MEASUREMENT OF ADVERTISEMENTS, CARE
SHOULD BE TAKEN To MEASURE EKUil
RULE TO RULE.
Advertisements across Two Columns, one-third extra beyond the
space occupied, the first charge being 30s.
JOHN C. FRANCIS.
The Athenaeum Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, E.C
H E
A T H E N JE U M,
Is
of f
Six
and
Tnv.
A1h
PRICE THREEPENCE,
pnbli-hi;d every FRIDAY In time 'or the Afternoon Mnile. Term*
uliwriplion, tree by i«.st to :•!! parts or the Diiited Kingdom : Foi
Months. 7*. W. ; for Twelve Mulitlw, 15.-. 3d. Fur the Continent
nil plncc* within the 1'ontRl Union : Fi.r Six Months. :u. ; for
he Months, 1^., coiuiuoncblg from any date, uujnUe in advance U
JOHN C. FRANCIS.
i "ffi<-» Dmiiii'i RnitiKnpi eh it T«n«. Tnmlon E.C
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Pac.k
Authors' Agents 410
Bell A sons 432
Catalogues 410
Chatto & Wixnrs 436
Dent & Co 435
Education tt 409
Exhibitions 409
Financial Review 435
Griffin A Co 433
Heinemann 411
Hurst & BLACKEST 412
Macmii.i.an & CO 412
Magazines, &a 4U
Miscellaneous 409
mudie's Library 411
Murray .. ..434
Newspaper Agents 410
Nitt 4.4
GRANT Richards ^ .. ..412
Kales nv Auction .. .. ..410
Sisi.ey A Co , .. 4:;;.
Situations Vacant 409
Situations Wanted ., 409
Surgical aid society 4..1
Type-writers .. .. .. .» 410
MESSRS. BELL'S
NEW BOOKS.
Catalogues tent po«t free on application.
SIXTH AMI ( 'REAPER EDITION.
With a New Preface, demy 8to, 8». W. net
HENRY VIII. AND THE ENGLISH
MONASTERIES By the Rifiht Ber. ABBOT
ga.sq.UET, D.D. o.s.B.
OTHER WORKS BY ABBOT GASQUET.
Demy 8vo, 12*. net.
HENRY in. AND THE CHURCH :
a Study of his Eccleafai stic.il Policy and of the Relations
between England and Rome.
NEW AND REVISED EDITION.
TBE EVE
'-. net.
OF THE
REF0RMA-
TION. Studies in the Religious Life and Thought of
the English People in the Period preceding the Rejec-
tion of the Romish Jurisdiction by Henry VI1L
NEW VOLUMES OF
BOHN'S 8TANDAKD LIBRARY.
Post 8vo, 3*. W. each.
HAZLITTI'S VIEW OF THE
ENGLISH STAGE : or. a Series of Dramatic Criticisms.
Edited by W. SPENCER JACKSON.
EMERSON'S WORKS. A New
Edition in 5to!s., with the Text Edited and Collated by
G KORGE SAMPSON. &nead>j April 1U
SECOND EDITION, REVISED.
Post Svo, 1*. 6<i. net,
THE LOGIC OF VEGETARIANISM.
Essays and Dialogues. By HENRY S. SALT.
[Ready April 11.
THE YORK LIBRARY.
A NEW SERIES OF REPRINTS ON THTN PAPER.
Small 8vo, 2*. net in cloth, and 3*. net in leather.
NEW VOLUME.
PLUTARCH'S LIVES. Translated,.
with Notes and a Life, by AUBREY STEWART, M.A.,
and GEORGE LONG, M.A. Vol. I.
NEW EDITION, REVISED, crown Stc, 5*. net.
CITIES AND SIGHTS OF SPAIN.
A Handbook for Travellers. By Mrs. A. LE BLOND-
(Mrs. Main). With numerous lllu.-t rations and Maps.
BELL'S CATHEDRAL 8ERIE8.
PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED.
In specially designed cloth cover, crown 8vo, 1*. &f. net eachv
"The series bids fair to become an indispensable com-
panion to the cathedral tourist in England." — Timet.
NOW READY.
ENGLISH CATHEDRALS. An Itinerarvand Description
— BRISTOL— CANTERBURY— CARLXSLK CHESTER-
CHICHESTER— DURHAM— ELY - EXETER — GLOU-
CESTER — HEREFORD LICHFIELD LINCOLN —
MANCHESTER — NORWltTI OXFORD — PETER-
BOROUGH—R1PON ROCHESTER— ST. ALBANS —
ST. ASAPH— ST. DAVIDS— ST. PATRICK'S, DUBLIN
— ST. PAUL'S— vSALLSBURY SOUTHWARK— SOUTH-
WELL— WELLS — WINCHESTER — WORCESTER —
YORK.
Uniform with abort Series. Is. 6Y7. vet each.
ST. MARTIN'S CHURCH, CAN! KB BURY BEVERLEY
MINSTER — WIMBORNK MINSTER and CHRIST-
CHURCH PRIORY TEWKESBURY ABBEY and
DKKRHURST PRIORY - BATH ABBEY, MALMKS.
BURY ABBEY, and BRADFORD ON-AYON CHURCH-
WESTMINSTER ABBEY— STRATFORD-ON-AVON.
BELL'S HANDBOOK8 TO
CONTINENTAL CHURCHES.
PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED.
Crown Svo, cloth, 2*. 6d. net each.
CHARTRK.S: the Cathedra] and other Churches—
ROUEN: the Cathedral and other Churches— AMIENS £
the Cathedral and other Churches— Paris (NOTRE- DAM E>
—MONT ST. MICHEL— BAY EUX
London : (J KORGE BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N° 4093, April 7, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
433
CHARLES GRIFFIN & CO., LTD., PUBLISHERS
WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. By
GUSTAVE ERCHILEAU, Ph-D. In
large 8vo, handsome cloth, profusely
Illustrated, S*. 6d. net.
ELECTRICITY METERS. A
Treatise on the General Principles,
Construction, and Testing of Continuous
and Alternating Current Meters. By
H. G. SOLOMON, A. M. Inst E. E. In large
8vo, with 30T Illustrations, 16s. net.
"Copiously illustrated a standard
Volume. Will prove of immense value."
Municipal Journal.
A MANUAL OF THE STEAM
ENGINE, AND OTHER PRIME
MOVERS. By W. J. MACQUORN
RANKINE, LL.D. F.R.S. With
Folding Plates and other Illustrations.
Sixteenth Edition. 12«. 6d.
MOTOR CAR MECHANISM AND
MANAGEMENT. Bv W. POYNTER
ADAMS. M.Inst.E.E." In 3 Parte.
Part I. The Petrol Car. Just out. In
crown Svo. fullv Illustrated, 5*. net.
Part II. The Electrical Car, and Part
HL The Steam Car, will be issued
shortly.
"Excellent illustrations. .. the language
is simple, but accurate." — Perthshire Courier.
BOILERS , MARINE AND LAND
(A POCKET BOOK OF). Rules and
Tables for Construction and .Strength.
By T. W. TRAILL. Fourth Edition.
12*. 6d.
"A vast amount of information exceed-
ingly handy for reference." — Ironmonger.
THE DESIGN OF STRUC-
TURES : a Practical Treatise on the
Building of Bridges, Roofs, &c. Bv S.
ANGLIN, C.E. Fourth Edition, Re-
vised. Large Svo, cloth, 16s.
" The best text-book on the subject an
•exceedingly valuable book of reference."
Mechanical World.
PRACTICAL COAL MINING.
A Manual for Managers, Under-
Managers, Colliery Engineers, and
others. Bv GEORGE L. KERR,
M.Inst.M.E. Fourth Edition, Revised,
Enlarged, and Reset throughout. 12*. Gd.
"An essentially practical work, and can be
confidently recommended. No department
of coal-mining has been overlooked. "
Engineers' Gazette.
MINING LAW OF THE
BRITISH EMPIRE. Bv CHARLES
J. ALFORI), F.G.S. M.Iiist.M.M. In
crown Svo, handsome cloth. S*. Gd. net.
"Should be especially useful to all those
engaged in the direction of mining enter-
prises."— Financial Timet.
THE METALLURGY OF GOLD.
Bv T. KIRKE ROSE, D.Sc.Lond.
A.R.S.M. Fifth Edition, Revised and
Enbirged, very fully Illustrated. In
handsome cloth, 21s.
"The fact that a fifth edition has been
•called for is so clear an indication of its value
and excellence." — Mining Journal.
SANITARY ENGINEERING. A
Practical Manual of Town Drainage and
Sewage and Refuse Disposal Bv
FRANCIS WOOD, A.M.Inst.C.K. F.G.8.
Second Edition, Revised. Profusely
Illustrated. 8*. Gd. net.
" Mr. Wood's handbook is recognized as
cue of the most convenient. " — Ironmonger.
A MANUAL OF ELEMENTARY
SEAMANSHIP. By D. WILSON-
BARKER, F.R.s.E. E.R.G.S. Fourth
Edition, Revised, fully Illustrated. B&
"This admirable manual . perfectly
designed. . . .will lie found useful by all
yachtsmen." — Atheiuvum.
A MANUAL OF TRIGO
NOMETRY. By RICHARD C. BUCK-
Third Edition, Revised. In handsome
cloth, 3s. M.
"This eminently practical and reliable
•volume." — Schoolmaster.
A MEDICAL AND SURGICAL
HELP. Fur ship Masters and Officers
in Che Merchant Navy, By WM.
JOHNSON SMITH. F.R.C.s. " Third
Edition. Revised. 6*.
"Sound, judicious, really helpful."
Lancet.
A TEXT-BOOK OF PHYSICS.
J. H. POYNTING.ScD. F.RS.
Late Fellow of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge ; Professor of Physics,
Birmingham University.
BV
AND
J. J. THOMSON, M.A. F.R.S.
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge;
Professor of Experimental Physics in
the University of Cambridge.
INTRODUCTORY VOLUME, fully Illustrated. THIRD EDITION, REVISED, 10*. Gd.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER.
"The style is clear and convincing, and the information up to date, including as it
does all the recent research on the subject." — Cambridge Review.
VOL. II. THIRD EDITION, REVISED,
Illustrated, 8*. Gd.
SOUND.
" May be recommended to anyone desirous
of possessing an Easy, Up-to-date Standard
treatise on acoustics."— Literature.
VOL. IIL SECOND EDITION, REVISED,
Illustrated, 15s.
HEAT.
"Well up to date, and extremely clear
and exact throughout, and is as complete
as it would be possible to make such a text-
book."— Xature.
Large 8vo, handsome cloth, 16s. net,
FIRE AND EXPLOSION RISKS.
A Handbook of the Detection, Investigation, and Prevention
of Fires and Explosions.
By Dr. TON SCHWARTZ.
Translated from the Revised German Edition. By C. T. C. SALTER.
"The work affords a wealth of information on the chemistry of fire and kindred topics."
Fire and Water.
READY IMMEDIATELY, SECOND EDITION, REVISED THROUGHOUT AND
ENLARGED, Reset on Larger Page, with Valuable Bibliography, New Maps,
Illustrations, &c.
PETROLEUM
AND ITS
PRODUCTS.
By Sir BOVERTON REDWOOD, D.Se. F.R.S.E. Assoc. Inst. C.E. F.I.C.
Hon. Mem. Am.Phil.Soc. : Hon. Mem. Imp.Russ.Techn.Soe. ; Adviser on Petroleum to the
Admiralty and the Home Office ; Consulting Adviser to the Corporation of Ixmdon
under the Petroleum Acts ; Adviser on Petroleum Transport to the Thames Con-
servancy.
SECOND EDITION. THOROUGHLY REVISED, 16«.
CHEMISTRY for MANUFACTURERS
BEING VOLUME TWO OF
Chemistry for Engineers and Manufacturers. A Practical Text-Book.
By BERTRAM BLOUNT, F.I.C, and A. G. BLOXAM, F.I.C.
Contents: Sulphuric Acid Manufacture— Manufacture of Alkali and its By-products-
Destructive Distillation— Artificial Manure Manufacture— Petroleum— Lime and Cement-
Clay Industries and Glass— Sugar and Starch Brewing and Distilling— Oils, Resins, and
Varnishes —Soap and Candles— Textiles and Bleaching — Colouring Matters, Dyeing and
Printing— Paper and Pasteboard— Pigments ami Paints— Leather, (Hue, and size-
Explosives and Matches— Minor Chemical Manufactures— Bibliography— Index.
" Will be useful to students of technology, the general reader, and superintendents of
those allied industries which lean on chemistry as their principal support."
Chemical Trade Journal.
In large 8vo, handsome cloth, pp. i-xv-405, 10c, net.
THE SYNTHETIC DYESTUFFS
And the Intermediate Products from which they are Derived.
JOHN CANNELL CAIN,
D.Sc. (Manchester and
Tubingen), Technical
Chemist,
BY
AND
JOCELYN FIELD THORPE,
Ph.D. (Heidelberg) Lecturer on
Colouring Matters in the Victoria
University of Manchester,
Parti. THEORETICAL. Part II. PRACTICAL. Part III. ANALYTICAL.
"The work is an excellent result of theoretical knowledge and practical experience,
and is a valuable addition to technical literature." — Dyer.
SECOND EDITION, thoroughly Revised, and Reset on Larger Page, with Plates and
numerous Illustrations, 16a net.
CALCAREOUS CEMENTS:
Their Nature, Manufacture, and Uses.
ByG. R. REDGRAVE, Aaeoc.Inat. C.E,, and CHARLES STACK MAX. F.C.S.
" We cordially recommend the book as the best on the subject."— Sura
GLUE, GELATINE, AND THEIR
ALLIED PRODUCTS. A Practical
Handbook for the Manufacturer, Agri-
culturist, and Student of Technology.
By THOS. LAMBERT, Analytical and
Technical Chemist. In large crown 8vo,
illustrated, 5x. net.
" A sufficient account of modern methods.
. . . .Of real value." — Chemical Xeios.
SMOKE ABATEMENT. A
Manual for the Use of Manufacturers,
Inspectors, Medical Officers of Health,
Engineers, and others. Bt WILLIAM
NICHOLSON, Chief Smoke Inspector
to the Sheffield Corporation. With 59
Illustrations. 6e. net.
*' We welcome such an adequate statement
on an important subject."
British Medical Journal.
TESTING EXPLOSIVES. By
C. E. BICHEL. Translated and Edited
by AXEL LARSEN. In medium 8vo,
illustrated, 6*. net.
"Its pages bristle with suggestions. . . .To
manufacturers. .. .Rnd the expert alike the
book will be found useful."
Armt and Explosives.
DYES. MORDANTS, AND
OTHER COMPOUNDS, a Dictionary
of. BvCHR. RAWSON, F.I.C., W. M.
GARDNER. F.C.S., and W. F. LAY-
COCK, Ph.D. Cloth, 1G*. net.
"Turn to the book, as one may, for any
substance in connexion with the trade, and
reference is sure to be found. "
Textile Mereuru.
TRADES' WASTE. Its Treat-
ment and Utilization. By W. NAY-
LOR, F.C.S. A.M.Inst.C.E. Illustrated.
Cloth, 21s. net.
"There is probably no person in England
to-day better fitted to deal rationally with
such a subject." — British Sanitarian.
FERMENTS AND THEIR
ACTIONS. ByCARLOPPENHEIMER,
Ph.D. M.D. Translated by C. AINS-
WORTH MITCHELL. In crown Svo,
cloth, 7s. 6<f. net.
" A veritable multum in parvo."
Brewers' Journal.
DAIRY ANALYSIS. The Labo-
ratory Book of. By H. DROOP RICH-
MOND, F.I.C. In crown 8vo, illus-
trated, 2-s-. Gd. net.
" The best contribution to the literature of
its subject that has ever been writton."
Medical Times.
MINERAL OIL ANALYSIS. By
J. A. HICKS, Chemist to Sir Boverton
Redwood. At Press. In crown 8vo.
Fully illustrated.
OILS,' FATS, BUTTERS, AND
WAXES. Their Preparation and Pro-
perties, and the Manufacture therefrom
of Candles, Soaps, and other Products.
Bv C. R. ALDER WRIGHT, D.S-.
F.R.S. Second Edition, Revised bv
C. A. MITCHELL, M.A. F.I.C. Cloth,
illustrated, 2h.i. net.
"Will be found absolutely indispensable.''
Anal, is!.
VALVES AND VALVE GEAR-
ING. A Practical Text-Rook for the
Use of Engineers, Draughtsmen, and
Students. By CHARLES HIRST.
Fourth Edition. Revised, Enlarged,
Reset throughout. 10*. M.
" Will tend to the production of engines of
scientific design and economical working."
Marine Engineer,
HINTS ON STE\M ENGINE
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. By
CHARLES HURST. Second Edition,
Revised and Illustrated, I* 6& net.
" A handy volume which every practical
oiing engineer should possess . "
Model Engineer.
GAS, OIL, AND AIR ENGINES.
Ry BRYAN DONKIN. M.Inst. C.E.,
M.I.Meeh.E. Fourth Edition, Revised,
Enlarged, Reset throughout Fully
Illustrated, 26a net
"A thoroughly reliable and exhaustive
t roatisc." Engineering.
OIL FUEL: its Supply, Compo-
sition, and Application, Rv SIDNEY
H. NORTH, lite Editor' Petroleum
lirii, ir. Pullj illustrated, cloth, 5a net.
"Every one interested In this important
question win welcome Mr. North's excellent
text book." Sature.
London: CHARLES GRIFFIN & CO., Ltd., Exeter Street, Sfra-id. W.C.
434
THE ATHENjEUM
N° 4093, April 7, 1906
MR. MURRAY'S
NEW BOOKS.
THE QUEEN OF THE BLUESTOCKINGS.
ELIZABETH MONTAGU,
HER CORRESPONDENCE FROM 1720 TO
17<il. By her great-great Niece, EMILY J.
CLIMENSON, Authoress of ' A History of Ship-
lake,' 'Passages from the Diaries of Mrs. Philip
Lybbe Powys,' &c. With IS Portraits in Photo-
gravure and other Illustrations. 2 vols, demy 8vo,
3<>«. net. [Just out.
MR. YACHELL'S NEW NOYEL.
THE FACE OF CLAY.
By HORACE A. VACHELL, Author of 'The
Hill,' ' Brothers,' ' Pinch of Prosperity,' &c.
Crown 8vo, &*. [Ready next Wednesday.
THINGS INDIAN.
Being Discursive Notes on Various Subjects con-
nected with India. By WILLIAM CROOKE,
Editor of ' Hobson- Jobson. ' Demy 8vo, 12;*. net.
[Just out.
THE
GOSPEL OF THE REJECTION.
A Study in the Relation of the Fourth Gospel to
the Three. By the Rev. WILFRID RICHMOND,
Chaplain of Lincoln's Inn. Crown 8vo, 5s. net.
JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street, W.
JUST PUBLISHED.
MONTHLY LIST (APRIL) of SECOND-HAND
BOOKS, including a Selection of Musical Works. Instru-
mental and Vocal; Musical Biography and History, ic. ; Poetry and
Verse. 4c. ; also of NEWLY PUBLISHED LOOKS, English and
Foreign.
B. H. BLACKWELL, "Oand 51, Broad Street, Oxford.
rp H E CLERGY LIST
FOR 1906.
THOROUGHLY REVISED AND CORRECTED
TO THE LATEST DATE.
Price 12s. Gd.
N O W
READ V.
The Timet says:— "The fiird issue of Kelly's ' Clergy List ' tot 1905
i« wdi ui> to the standard of this ray useful handbook?
The AlhnnPiim says:— "The 'Clergy List' for 190.". iKellv's
Directories' is an admirably complete and accurate record. We
congratulate Messrs. KeUy on the organization which enables them
to make their yarious hooks of reference so complete and trust-
worthy.
The World says:— "The 'Clergy List' for ISO") maintains its
reputation."
Truth says :— "The new edition of Kelly's 'Clergy List.' just to hand.
makes an invaluable addition to my l««>ks of reference, liming the
year I am frequently indebted to this publication for the complete-
ness, the accuracy, and the admirable arrangement of its informa-
tion."
ESTABLISHED OVER SIXTY YEARS.
London :
KELLY'S DIRECTORIES, Limited, 182-184, High Holborn.
TEACHERS' SCRIPTURAL LIBRARY.
Price Sixpence each net.
By W. T. LYNN. B.A. F.R.A.S.
1. BRIEF LESSONS ON THE PARABLES AND
MIRACLES OF ol'lt LORD. The First Part contains short
Kx|ioMtnuis of the Parables, arranged according to Date : in the
Second the Miracles arc treated under the head) of the Kegious
in which they were wrought. With Two Illustrations,
2. EMINENT SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS:
a Series of Biographical Studies in the Old and New Testaments
Illustrated by Six Views of Biblical Scenes, which Will, it Is hoped
be found useful to all who areinterested in the study of the Holy
Scripture. *
Published by ST0NEMAN. 29, Paternoster Square, E.C.
THE SURGICAL AID SOCIETY.
Chief Offices— SALISBURY SQUARE, FLEET STREET, E.C.
Telephone No. : 12282 CENTRAL.
Patron-HIS MAJESTY THE KING.
This Society was established in 1862 to supply Leg Instruments, Spinal Supports,
Trusses, Elastic Stockings, Artificial Limbs, &c, and every other description of
Mechanical Support, to the Poor.
OVER 440 PATIENTS ARE RELIEVED EVERY WEEK.
CONTRIBUTIONS EARNE8TLY SOLICITED.
Annual Subscription Of £0 10 6 ) Entitles to Two Recommendations
Life Subscription of 5 5 0 1 pep Annum.
Bankers — Messrs. Barclay & Co., Ltd., 54, Lombard Street.
RICHARD C. TRESIDDER, Secretary. ■
A UNIVERSAL EXCHANGE OF ALL VARIETIES OF
EARNEST RELIGIOUS THOUGHT.
THE H I B B E R T JOURNAL.
APRIL ISSUE Now BEADY.
Enlarged to 2-in pp. -js. <W. net. Subscription, 10a, i>er annum, jiost free.
IS THE RELIGION OP THE SPIRIT A WORKING RELIGION
Foil MANKIND? By Dom Cuthbert Butler.
HOW JAPANESE BUDDHISM APPEALS TO A CHRISTIAN
THEIST. By Prof. J. Estlin Carpenter.
DOES CHRISTIAN BELIEF REQUIRE .METAPHYSICS? By
Prof. E. S. Drown.
MI!. BIKRELL S CHOICE. By the Right Rev. Bishop of Carlisle.
THE WORKING FAITH OF THE SOCIAL REFORMER. By
Prof. Henry Jones.
ST. CATHERINE OF SIENA. By Edmund G. Gardner.
THE LAWS AND LIMITS OF DEVELOPMENT IN CHRISTIAN
DOCTRINE. By the Rev. Principal W. Jones -Davie*.
THE SALVATION OF THE HoDV liV FAITH. By the Author of
1 Pro Christo et Ecclesia.'
THE RESURRECTION, A Layman's Dialogue. By T. W. Rolleston.
CHRISTIANITY AND SCIENCE. II. THE DIVINE ELEMENT
IN CHRISTIANITY. Ify Sir Oliver IiQdge.
WITH A NUMBER OF SIGNED REVIEWS AND A BIBLIO-
GRAPHY OF RECENT LITERATURE.
WILLIAMS & NOKGATE.
14, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
THE GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL. Price 2b.
Content*. APRIL.
THE RHODESIA RUINS: their Probable Origin and Significance.
By David Randall Mat Ivor, M,A. D.8c.
ANTHROPOGEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN BRITISH
NEW GUINEA. By C. G. Seligmann, M.B. M.R.C.P., and W.
Mersh Strong, MA. M.D.
THE GREAT TARAWERA VOLCANIC RIFT. NEW ZEALAND.
By James Mackintosh Bell, Director N.Z. Geological Survey.
CENTRAL NEWFOUNDLAND AND THE SOURCE OF THE
GANDER RIVER. By J. G. Millais, F.Z.S.
REPORT OF THE INDIAN SURVEY COMMITTEE. 1904-1906.
REVIEWS :— Asia : Turkestan and Persia. Africa : The Masai ; The
Western Sudan and Nigeria. Mathematical and Physical
Geography: Practical Astronomy; The Geography of Earth-
quakes. General : Life of Alfred Russel Wallace.
THE MONTHLY RECORD.
OBITUARY. -correspondence: Tanganyika or Tanganika.
By W. A. Cunnington.— MEETINGS of THE R.G.S.— GEO-
GRAPHICAL LITERATURE OF THE MONTH. -NEW MAPS
—NUMEROUS MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
London: EDWARD STANFORD, 12. ):'., 14. Long Acre. W.C.
JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF
O ACTUARIES.
No. •_-->4. APRIL, 1906. Prices*, ad.
Content*.
Cant linn \ ital fit :ti:.ti •: ; with parti .ilav reference to the Province of
Ontario. By M. I). Grant, B.A. F.I. A.. Assistant Actuary,
Government Insurance Department, Ottawa. Canada. With
Discussion.
The \ ariati: u.-: in Mr." -.ilir.it,- under different frmditi-itc. Bj I:>hn
Norman Lewis, F.I. A. F.F.A., and Charles Jamee Lewis, D.Sc.
M.D. F.R.C.P. (Edinburgh). With Discussion.
On some Special Features ot Widows' and Orphans' Funds. By Ernest
Charles Thomas, K.I. A., of the Gresham Life Assurance Society.
On the Calculation of the Contributions to be made to an Annuity
Fund for Widows and Children, by the Members of a Society, all
of whom, whether married or single, are obliged to contribute.
By Oscar BchjoU, formerly Manager of the " lilun " Life Insurance
Company, Chriatiania, Manager of the Royal Office for Workmen's
Assurances, Christ iania.
Hist n al .M.-.r icndum on 1 rmidl v Soci-ti.s m connexi m with
Actuarial Certificates.
London : C. & E. LAYTON, Farringdon Street.
pELKSTIAL MO
\J Astromn
TENTn EDITION, price Two Shillings.
[AL MOTIONS: a Handv
my, Tenth Edition. With :i Plates. By W. T. LYNN.
B.A. F.R.A.S.
" Well know n as one of our best introduction! to astronomy."
(jititrttiait.
London :
SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON * CO., Limited, IS*, Paternoster Bow.
SEVENTH EDITION, fcap. S\o. cloth, price Sixi>ence.
REMARKABLE ECLIPSES: a Sketch of the
most interesting Circumstances connected with the observation
:ir and Lunar E
W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.
of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, both in Ancient and Modern Times. By
"K.A.S.
London :
SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON * CO.. Limited, ttU, Paternoster Bow.
DAVID NUTT,
57-59, LONG ACRE.
— ♦
THE CLASSICAL REVIEW.
Vol. XX. APRIL, 1006. No. S. 1*. 6rf. net.
Contents.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS :—
A New Classical Quarterly.
The Restored Pronunciation of Latin.
OuKK/9 to-nrr/ptc and the Relation of 'Iliad' II 750to
II 61">. YV. E. D. DOWXKS.
Notes on Greek Orators. H. RICHARDS.
When did Aristophanes Die? ROLAND G. KENT.
The Perfect Subjunctive Optative, and Imperative in
Greek. E. A. SONNENSCHEIN.
Accent and Quantity in Plautine Verse. E. A.
SONNENSCHEIN.
Catullus Once More. W. G. HALE.
REVIEWS:—
Headlom'a 'Choephoroe of Aeschylus.' A. slDGWICK.
Jebb's ' Bacchylides.' J. ARBl'THNOT NAIRN.
Boas on Siinonides. E. HARRISON.
Abbott's 'Johannine Vocabulary.' T. NICKLIN.
Archer-Hind's 'Greek Verse and Prose Translations.
G. DUNN.
A 'Thesaurus of Epigraphical Latin.' J. P. POST-
GATE.
Lehmaiiii's 'Tlie Three Barcidae Invasions of Italy.'
A. H. J. GREENHHiK.
Dougan's 'Tusculan Disputations.' A Reply. T. W, '
DOIGAN.
CORRESPONDENCE :—
The Doloneia. A. LANG.
ARCHAEOLOGY.-—
On the Temples of Castor and of Concord. ALBERT W.
VAN BUREN.
Macdonald's ' Coin Types.' P. GARDNER.
Judeich's ' Topography of Athens.' A. P. OPI'i:.
Shorter Notifies,
Monthly Record. F. H. MARSHALL
Numismatic Summaries.
SUMMARIES OF PERIODICALS.
BOOKS RECEIVED.
In 2 vols, crown Svo. with 2 Portraits, Ms.
JOHN FRANCIS AND THE ' ATHEN.EUM.
t) A Literary Chronicle of Half a Century.
by .lollN C. FRANCIS.
MACMILLAN 4 CO. Limitkii. London.
N
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF
THE RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE.
0 T E S and QUERIES
for DECEMBER in and 24. 1SV2, and I ANCARY 7 and 21. 1SW.
CONTAINS A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MR. GLADSTONE.
Price of the Four Numlu rs. In. id. ; or free by po6t. Is. 6tf.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS
AWesaiiff Qutrim Ofticc. Breams Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.C.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN DISRAELI,.
EARL OF BEACONSFIELD, 1820-1892.
AT OTES and QUERIES
_Ll for APR IL 29, MAY 13, SB, JUNE 10, 24, and JULY 8, 18SS.
Contains a
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE EARL OF BEACONSFIELD.
This includes KEYS to VIVIAN GREY.'
•CONINGSHY. LOTHAIK,' and ENDYMION.'
Price of the Sir NumVrs, 2s. ; or free by post, 2». 3d.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS.
Note! and <Jiierit$ Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
N° 4093, April 7, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
435
THE
PANEL -BOOKS.
rpHE PANEL-BOOKS are a series of sumptuous
Classics de Luxe produced with care and
artistic taste — books that will grace your book-
shelf or table and that you can handle and read
with real delight. As the name implies, they
are of handy "panel" shape. Richly bound
and printed in large, clear type on permanent
antique paper, with ample margins, THK
PANEL-BOOKS recall the charming editions
of the Eighteenth Century ; and every accessory
to a good book which the book-lover appreciates
is to be found in this new series — a coloured
frontispiece, decorated title-page, ornamental
end-papers, silk book-mark, full gilt edges,
embossed and 22-carat gold stamped cover,
and, what is an entirely new departure, giving
an added distinction to the series, a specially
designed Heraldic Book-plate affixed to the
inside of each cover. On this the owner of the
book can inscribe his or her name. The book-
plate, cover, title-page, docorations, and end-
papers have been designed for THE PANEL-
BOOKS by Edgar Wilson.
"C'ROM this short description it will be seen that
*- THE PANEL -BOOKS have a character of
their own. Elegant in format, tasteful to look
upon, with paper and type that are restful to
the eye, they are ideal companions for the
sjDare hour at home or on travel — books that
you can live with on terms of close intimacy —
books that are beautiful in every sense of the
word.
T
HE titles chosen for THE PANEL-BOOKS are
of infinite variety, to please differing tastes.
Fiction, Memoirs, Poetry, History, Biography,
Folk - Lore, Choice Extracts, The Drama,
Humour, Travel, Devotion — all find a place in
the new series.
"C'OR example, these are the first titles, each book
being complete in one volume : —
THE MEMOIRS OF COUNT GRAM-
MOXT. By ANTHONY HAMILTON.
DOX JUAN. By Lord Byron.
THE LIFE OF BEAU NASH. By Oliver
goldsmith.
SILAS MARNER. By George Eliot.
DECISIVE BATTLES OF THE WORLD.
By Sir EDWARD CREASY.
THE DEVIL ON TWO STICKS. By
ALAIN RENE LK SAGK.
SHERIDAN'S PLAYS. By Richard
BKINsLKY SHERIDAN.
OLIVER TWIST. By Charles Dickens.
AS to the price of THE PANEL -BOOKS, for
a series of such exceptional quality it is c\
tremely low. Bound in art vellum, embossed
and gold stamped, with gilt edges, it is 2.". 67/.
net for each volume ; in half-leather, 3e. net ;
full lambskin, 3& M. net; and in real Persian
leather, 69. net.
May we send you a full Prospectus free ?
SISLEY'S, Ltd.,
9, Duke Street, Charing Cross, London.
THE
FINANCIAL
REVIEW OF
REVIEWS
The Largest and most Authori-
tative Financial Review of the
Day, numbering among its
Literary Contributors States-
men and many Eminent
Writers, and forming a Com-
plete Survey of the Mon'h's
Financial Events.
APRIL CONTENTS
Include, among other Articles,
Contributions by
THE RIGHT HON.
SIR CHARLES DILKE, P.G , M.P.,
ON*
'FINANCE IN THE NEW
PARLIAMENT,'
AXD
MR. J. KEIR HARDIE, M.P.,
OK
'A LABOUR BUDGET.'
THE FINANCIAL REVIEW
OF REVIEWS consists each
month of 240 pp. of Literary and
Statistical Matter, and is of the
greatest interest to the Investor,
but not to the Speculator.
The APRIL ISSUE will be sent POST
FREE to ANY ADDRESS for ONE
SHILLING on application to
THK PUBLISHER,
2, WATERLOO PLACE, 8.W.
Or it can Ixj obtained <>f nil leading Bookstalls and
Booksellers throughout the country.
J.
M. DENT & CO.'S
LATEST BOOKS.
It is generally recognized that the French know more ahont
Morocco than any other nation, and the quintessence of
that knowledge is to be found in that excellent book
MOROCCO OF TO-DAY.
By EUGENE AUBIN.
A Translation from the French of a Book crowned last
year by the French Academy.
Price 6s. net. With 2 Maps.
" Deeply interesting. "Spectator.
THE CHRIST OF ENGLISH
POETRY.
By C. W. STUBBS, D.D., Dean of Ely.
Being the Hulsean Lectures for 1905 issued in Book Form,-
Royal Svo, buckram, Gs. net
PRIME MINISTERS oF tr\GLAND~
Latest Volume.
LORD ROSEBERY.
By SAMUEL HENRY JEYES.
With Photogravure Frontispiece, cloth, 2*. 6d. net.
"An excellent narrative and a careful delineation of"
character."— Standard.
Write for Prospectus and List of this Scries
ENGLISH MEN OF bCiENCE.
First Volume.
HERBERT SPENCER.
By J. ARTHUR THOMSON, M.A.
With Photogravure Frontispiece, 2s. 6d. net.
A Sew Series, dealing irith the Lives and Works of
English Men of Science.
MEDI/EVAL TOWN. bERIE8
Latest Addition.
BRUSSELS.
By ERNEST GILLIAT-SMITH.
With numerous Illustrations bv K. KIMBALL and
J. G. (JILLIAT-SMITH.
Also Reproduction after Dutch Old Masters.
Cloth, is. (»/. net ; leather, 5»\ &/. net.
"Indispensjibletotho.se who travel, interesting to those
who sta\ at home."— Punch.
Write for Prospectus and List of Volumes.
LES CLASSIOUES FRANCAIS.
Latest Volume.
LA TULIPE NOIRE.
Par ALEXANDRE DUMAS.
Preface deKmileFaguet de l'Acadtinie Franchise.
Cloth, U. («?. net ; leather, 2*. 6d. net.
Write for Pri'upectus and List of Volumes.
TEMPLE CLASSICS.
Latest Volumes.
BROWNINGS DRAMATIS
PERSONS
AND
PALGRAVES GOLDEN
TREASURY.
Cloth, Is. dd. net ; leather, 2». net.
Write f„r List nf this Scries and also " Temple Greek
and Latin Classics Series."
SECOND FIFTY VOLUMES.
BEADY APRIL 9.
EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY.
Edited by ERNEST RHYS.
Cloth, 1*. net ; leather, 2*. net.
" An ideal of \;\h\o."— Standard.
Wntc at onee/er Pmptehuand/uU List of Volumes.
J. M. DENT & 00. 29, Bedford Street, W.C.
436 THE ATHEN^UM N° 4093, April 7, 1906
CHATTO & WINDUS'S
NEW SIX -SHILLING NOVELS.
LOVE AND LORDSHIP.
By FLORENCE WARDEN, Author of < The Heart of a Girl.'
THE WOMAN IN THE ALCOVE.
By ANNA KATHARINE GREEN, Author of 'The Leavenworth Case.' [Shortly.
A MENDER OF NETS.
By WILLIAM MACKAY, Author of 'The Popular Idol.'
Gureofa^a^^^ " * «■ «*» -and
MARA: an Unconventional Woman.
By CHRIS HEALY, Author of ' Heirs of Reuben,' &c.
"A sympathetic figure."— Pall Mall Gazette. "A vigorous novel"— Tribune. "A capita] story, admirably told."— East Anglian Times.
IN THE ROARING FIFTIES.
By EDWARD DYSON, Author of 'The Gold-Stealers.'
"A vivid and entertaining picture."— Manchester Guardian. "A capital story."— Standard. ".Since the appearance of ' Robbery Under Arms' there has not been written so
eraftsiuanhke an Australian book. — British Australasian.
RED RECORDS. By Alice Perrin, Author of « East of Suez,' &c. HUGO : a Fantasia on Modern Themes. By Arnold Bennett,
-t,ttt-. nnnn,r ■«.„ ...... — . - — . [May. Author of The Grand Babylon Hotel.'
THE FERRY OF FATE: a Tale of Russian Jewry. By ■_„_ _______ -_ -.----TT-mT--T „
samuel gordon, Author of sons of the covenant.' [May. THE WATERS OF DESTRUCTION. By Alice Perrin, Author
HARLEY GREENOAK'S CHARGE. By Bertram Mitford, I of The singer claim,- &c. second impression.
_^i^__''^_'S?,K_2&S_- {Uay- THE SPECULATIONS OF JOHN STEELE. By Robert Barr,
FOR LIFE— AND AFTER. By GEORGE 11. SlMS ("Dagonet"). Author of 'A Prince of Good Fellows,' etc.
tirijnSnESSuL sy l. s. g.bso*. a*™™ i___*oH. ™J™5*w_»«- By -" KAII,iMSE Grees' Author
MAURICE. By Joseph Keating, Author of ' Son of Judith.'
CASTE AND CREED. By F. E. Penny, Author of ' The Sanyasi.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
DILYS. By F. E. Penny. Second Impression.
NATURE'S VAGABOND. By Cosmo Hamilton, Author of
■ Duke's Son,' &c.
A THIEF IN THE NIGHT. By E. W. Hornung, Author of
' Stingaree,' &c
MR. SWINBURNE'S TRAGEDIES. Collected Library Edition in 5 crown 8vo vols, bound in buckram, 30s. net for the 5 vols.
MR. SWINBURNE'S POETICAL WORKS. Collected Library Edition in 6 crown 8vo vols, bound in buckram, 36s. net for the 6 vols.
THE POCKET CHARLES DICKENS. Being a Choice of Favourite Passages from his Works, made by Alfred H. Hyatt. In 16mo.
cloth, gilt top, 3*. net ; leather, gilt top, 3s. net. [Ttnmediatrln.
LIFE IN MOROCCO. By Budgett Meakin, Author of « The Land of the Moors.' With 24 Full-Page Illustrations. Demy 8vo. cloth.
12*. 6d. net.
THE ROMANCE OF THE SOUTH SEAS. By Clement L. Wragge, F.R.G.S. With 84 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth, 7s. Gd. net>
LITERARY RAMBLES IN THE WEST OF ENGLAND. By Arthur L. Salmon. With a Frontispiece. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s. net.
CHEAP EDITION 8— Crown 8 vo, cloth, 35. 6d. each.
EAST OF SUEZ. By Alice Perrin, Author of ' The Waters of
Destruction.' [Shortly.
A SOWER OF WHEAT. By Harold Bindloss. [Shortly.
LOYE— OR A NAME. By Julian Hawthorne. [Shortly.
BEN-HUR : a Tale of the Christ. By Lew. Wallace. [Shortly.
THE CRUISE OF THE " BLACK PRINCE " PRIYATEER. By
Commander CAMERON. With _ Illustrations by P. MACNAB.
A CRIMSON CRIME. By G. Manville Fenn.
COL. THORNDYKE'S SECRET. By G. A. Henty. With a
Frontispiece by S. L. WOOD.
NO OTHER WAY. By Sir Walter Besant. With 12 Illustra-
tions by C. D. WARD.
THE PRINCESS AND THE KITCHEN MAID. By Dorothea
DEAKIN.
CLOCLO. By Gyp. Translated by Nora M. Statham.
CHILDREN OF TO-MORROW. By William Sharp.
FOUR NEW VOLUMES OF THE ST. MARTIN'S LIBRARY.
IN POCKET SIZE, pott 8vo, cloth, gilt top, 2s. net per vol. ; leather, gilt edges, 3«. net per vol.
TAINE'S HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. Translated by H. Van Laun. POCKET EDITION in 4 vols., with 32
Portraits.
NEW SIXPENNY COPYRIGHT NOVELS.
THE GEAND BABYLON HOTEL. By ARNOLD BENNETT.
MADAME SANS-GENE. By E. LEPELLETIER,
ABIADNE By OUIDA.
BEYOND THE PALE. By B. M. CROKER.
EVE. By S. BARING-GOULD.
THE DOUBLE MAEEI AGE. By CHARLES READE. [April*
FETTERED FOB LIFE. By FRANK BARRETT. [April 23.
THE MONKS OF THELEMA. By BESANT and RICE. [May 7.
MB. VERDANT GREEN. By CUTHBEBT BEDE, B.A. With 65 Illustrations.
Post 8vo, Is. net.
V This Edition contains the Three Parta in One Volume: I. VERDANT GREEN AS
AN OXFORD FRESHMAN.— II. AS AN UNDERGRADUATE.— IIL MARRIED AND
DONE FOR.
London: CHATTO & WINDUS, 111, St. Martin's Lane, W.C.
Editorial Communications s'.oull )>e addressed to "THE EDITOR"— Advertisements and Business Letters to "THE PUBLISHERS "—at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Line. E.C.
Published Weekly by JOHN 0. FRANCIS an 1 J. EDWARD FRANCIS at Breams Buildings, Chancery Line, E.C, and Printed by J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Athemxum Press, Bream's BuUdinss, Chancery Lan ;, E.C.
AgentB for Scotland, Messrs. BELL £ BRADFUTE and Mr. JOHN MENZIES Edinburgh.- Saturday, April 7, 1906.
4
THE ATHENJEUM
Jmtrnal ri (BnjjUsI) attlr Jfomjjn Uitaatar*, Arietta, t\)t $'m i&rts, Jltestt atti tb* JBnmuu
No. 4094.
SATURDAY, APRIL 14, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPEBf
R;0 Y A L LITERARY FUND
(For the Assistance of Authors and their Families!.
Mia Excellency the Hon. WHUTELAW REID, American Ambassador,
Will take the Chair
At the 118th ANNIVERSARY,
At the WHITEHALL ROOMS, HOTEL METROPOLE.
On THURSDAY, May 10, at 7 for 7.30 p.m. precisely.
fThis is the only occasion in the year when an api>eal is made to the
"Public, and the Committee earnestly invite donations in aid of the
work of the Fund.
Early replies (before APRIL 30) arc respectfully requested from
Ixidies and Gentlemen invited to be Stewards. Acceptance of a
stewardship does not involve any obligation beyond that mentioned
.'an the invitation, nor does it necessarily entail attendance at the
Dinner. Donations will be gratefully acknowledged by the Secretary,
A. LLEWELYN- ROBERTS.
40, Denison House, 298, Vauxhall Bridge Road, S.W.
exhibitions.
OLD BRITISH SCHOOL— SHEPHERD'S
SPRING EXHIBITION includes choice Landscapes and Por-
■traits bv the Masters of the Old British School of Painting.
Ll SHEPHERD'S GALLERY, 27, King Street, St. James's Square.
THE NEW DUDLEY GALLERY, 169,
Piccadilly. W., is NOW AVAILABLE for EXHIBITIONS of
WORKS of ART. ARTS and CRAFTS. Ac. It is on the ground
rfloor, top-lighted, and in, perhaps, the best position in Euroiie. —
Artists and Secretaries of Societies should write for vacant ilates
.and Terms to the SECRETARY, New Dudley Gallery, 169, Picca-
dilly. W.
Iproiritont Institutions.
N
E W M A N ' S
TRUST.
For the Benefit of Unmarried Daughters of Retail Booksellers.
In connexion with the
BOOKSELLERS' PROVIDENT INSTITUTION.
The sum of 49(. 15«. is now available for apportionment under the
terms of the Will of the late Mrs. FRANCES ELIZABETH LAYTON,
and the Hoard of Directors are prepared to receive applications from
rersons who may be duly qualified under the rules.
Applicant* must be DAUGHTERS OF RETAIL BOOKSELLERS,
as defined below, who are sixty years of age anil upwards ; also
Daughters of Retail Booksellers who are under that age, and whom
the Board consider to be in necessitous circumstances.
The term ™ Retail Bookseller " shall be taken to comprise every
Principal who shall have carried on in Great Britain or Ireland the
«ale of books by retail as a i>art of his business.
Application forms and copies of the rules may be obtained bv sending
stamped and directed envelo]>e to the Secretary.
n*** MR. "GEORGE LARNER,
Booksellers' Provident Institution, 28, Paternoster
Row, London.
T
HE BOOKSELLERS' PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION.
Founded 18H7.
Patron-HER MAJESTY QUEEN ALEXANDRA.
Invested Capital, 30.000/.
A UNIQUE INVESTMENT
Offered to London Booksellers and their Assistants.
A young innn or woman of twenty-five can invest the sum of Twenty
■Guineas (or its equivalent by instalments), and obtain the right to
participate in the following advantages : —
FIRST. Freedom from want in time of Adversity as long as need
exists.
SECOND. Permanent Relief in old Age.
TIIIKD. Medical Advice bv eminent Physicians and Surgeons.
FOURTH. A Cottage in the Country [Abbots Langley, Hertford-
shire! for aged Members, with garden produce, coal, and medical
attendance free, in addition to an annuity.
FIFTH. A furnished bouse in the same Retreat at Abbots Langley
lor the use of Members and their families for holidays or during
convalescence.
SI XTll. A contribution towards Funeral expenses when it is needed.
SEVENTH. All these are available not for Members only, but also
for their wives or widows and young children.
EIGHTH. The payment of the subscriptions confers an absolute
right to these l>enefits in all cases of need.
For further information apply to the Secretary Ma. GEORGE
LARNER. 2K, Paternoster Row. E.C
NKWSVEN DORS' BENEVOLENT AND
PROVIDENT INSTITUTION.
Founded 1839.
Funds exceed 25,0001.
•Office : Memorial Hall Buildings, 16, Farringdon Street, London, E.C.
Patron :
The Right Hon. THE EARL OF ROSEBERY, KG. K.T.
President:
The LORD GLENESK.
Treasurer :
THE LONDON AND WESTMINSTER BANK, LIMITED.
w. wilkie JONES, Secretary.
(Rbucational.
THE DOWNS SCHOOL, SEAFORD, SUSSEX.
Head Mistress-Miss LUCY ROBINSON, MA date Second Mis-
tress St. Felir ,Srh<wl. Southwoldl. Hefereooss: The Principal of
Bedford College. London . Tin Master of Peterhoue, Cambridge,
FOLKESTONE. — WOODLANDS PREPARA-
TORY SCHOOL Individual Teaching. — Rev. II T J OOOOIN,
MA .Cantab., formerly House Master, University College School,
Loudon.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London I,
YORK PLACE, BAKER STREET W.
The EASTER TERM begins on THURSDAY. April 26, 1906.
The College provides instruction for Students preparing foi the
University of London Degrees in Arts. Science, and Preliminary
Medicine ; also instruction in subjects of General Education.
There is a Hygiene Department and an Art School.
Student* can reside in the College.
ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS.
ONE CLIFT-COURTAULD SCHOLARSHIP IN ARTS. Value
31/. 10s. First Year, 2S7. 7s. Second and Third Years -,
ONE PFEIFFKR SCHOLARSHIP IN SCIENCE. Annual value,
48/., tenable for Three Years ;
ONE DECCAN SCHOLARSHIP in ARTS, annual value 40/.,
tenable for Three Years ;
ONE DECCAN SCHOLARSHIP in SCIENCE, annual value 60/.,
tenable for Three Years ;
Will be awarded on the results of Examination to be held in JUNE.
Full particulars on application to the PRINCIPAL, Department for
Professional Training in Teaching.
Students are admitted to the Training Course in October and
January.
The Course includes full preparation for the Examinations for the
Teaching Diplomas granted by the Universities of London and
Cambridge.
TWO DECCAN SCHOLARSHIPS, each of the value of 221. 10s.. and
one Scholarship of the value of 20/.. will be offered for the Session
licginning OCTOBER, 1906. Candidates must hold a Degree, or an
equivalent.
Applications should reach the HEAD of the TRAINING DEPART-
MENT not later than JULY 2, 1906.
ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL,
ALBERT EMBANKMENT, S.E.
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.
The SUMMER SESSION will COMMENCE on APRIL 18.
The Hospital occupies one of the finest sites in London, and contains
602 lieds, of which aliouc 540 are in constant use.
Entrance and other Scholarships and Prizes itwenty-six in number),
of the value of more than 500/., are offered for competition each year.
Upwards of sixty resilient and other appointments are open to
6tuuents after qualification.
A Students' Club forms part of the Medical School Buildings, and
the Athletic Ground, nine acres in extent, situated at Chiswick, can
be reached in forty minutes from the Hospital.
A Prospectus, containing full particulars, may lie obtained from the
undersigned.
J. H. FISHER. B.S.Lond., Dean.
G. Q. ROBERTS, M.A.Oxon., Sec.
QT. MARY'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL,
kJ PADDINGTON, W.
(University of London.)
The SUMMER SESSION will BEGIN on APRIL 24.
The Medical School provides complete Courses of Instruction,
PRELIMINARY SCIENTIFIC. INTERMEDIATE, and FINAL,
under Recognized Teachers of the University of London, in prepaxa-
tion for the Medical Degrees of the Universities and for the Diplomas
of the Conjoint Board. SIX ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS in
NATURAL SCIENCE, vnlue 145Z. to 52/. 10s.. will be COMPETED for
in SEPTEMBER. Students joining in April are eligible.
For Calendar and full particulars apply to the DEAN.
EDUCATION CORPORATION.
/CHURCH
CHERWELL HALL, OXFORD.
Training College for Women Secondary Teachers. Principal. Miss
CATHERINE I. DODD. M.A., late Lecturer in Education at the
University of Manchester.
Students are prepared for the Oxford Teacher's Diploma, the
Cambridge Teachers Certificate, the Teacher's Diploma of the
University of London, and the Higher Froebel Certificate.
Full particulars on application.
GOTH A, GERMANY.— Comfortable and refined
HOME for GIRL8 And LADIES, also small BOYS, in the
houhe of Fraulein METZEKOTH (Diploma), 13, Waltershftaserttr..
GotiUL Recommended >>y first-class English Families. Exceptional
Educational Advantages: languages, Music, opportunity to learn
German perfectly. Terms, 41. 10a. per month.
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE "f SCHOOLS for 1IOVS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are invited to call upon or send fullv detailed particulars to
MESSRS. OARBITAS, TURING & CO..
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. TURING. Nephew of the
late Head Master of Uppingham. ."*>. Sackvillc Street. London, W.
Situations Vacant.
p s w i c H
SCHOOL.
HEAD MASTERSHIP.
The GOVERNORS invite applications for the post of HEAD
MASTER »f this school, vacant at the end of the Second Term,
1906. The M:istcr must lie a Graduate of some University in the United
Kingdom or the British Possessions. He need not be in Holy Orders
The following arc the emoluments of the Office: — A fixed yearly
Stipend of Ton?., a Capitation Pee of M. a Boy on the nuniNr of Pupil's
over 100. the use of the School House and Boarding House (forming.
l»rt of School Boildingll : and he will !>c allowed to receive Boarders
lac-ommodation for aliout 40'. The School is capable of providing for
if l. .i-t oi«i Boys. Present number, 181. In addition to the [ordinary
class rooms, it poaaessei new Chemical and Physical Laboratories,
i.Miniasiiim. and Swimming Rath, and a Cricket Field adjoining the
School. Population of Ipswich, about 70,000.— Applications of Candl
dates, with copies of Testimonials fnol originals, until asked fort, to be
forwarded, on or before MAY IS, to tin undersigned, of whom further
particular! can be procured. No ninvassing permitted.
S. A. NoTi ITT. Solicitor, Clerk to the Governor*.
9, Museum 8treet, Ipswich, April S, 1908.
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
FRANCE.-The ATHENJEUM can be
obtained at the following Railway Stations
in France:—
AM1KNS. ANTIBES, BEAULIEU SI It MER. BIARRITZ, BOR-
DEAUX, BOULOGNE, CALAIS. CANNES, DIJON, DUNKIRK,
GENEVA, GOLFE-JUAN. HAVRE. 1IYEKES. .H'AN-LESPINS.
L1LLK, LYONS. MARSEILLES. MENTONE. MONACO, MONTE
CARLO, NANTES. NICE. PAltIS ,Est. Nord, Lyon), PAU, ROUEN,
SAINT RAPHAEL. TOULON, TOURS.
PARIS: W. II. SMITH & SON. '21*. Rue de Rivoli; and at the
GALIGNANI LIBRARY. 23*. ltue de Rivoli.
T3IRKENHEAD EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
GIRLS SECONDARY SCHOOL AND PUPIL-TEACHER
CENTRE.
Applications are invited for the is»ition of HEAD MISTRESS of
the GIRLS' SECONDARY SCHOOL, to be owned at Midsummer
next, and to which will be attached a Girls' Pupil-Teacher Centre.
Commencing Salary 2507. per annum, rising by annual increments of
151. to .1*25?. i>er annum.
Canvassing Members of the Committee will l>e considered a dis-
qualification. Particulars of the duties and conditions of the
appointment, together with a Form of Application, which must be
returned by APRIL 30, may be obtained from
ROBERT T. JONES, Secretary.
Town Hall, Birkenhead, April 4, 1906.
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS.
rpHE
The COUNCIL invite applications for the appointment of
ASSISTANT LECTURER in FRENCH, which will ln-come vacant
on OCTOBER l, 1906. Salary -200?. Preference will be given to a
University Graduate s*>eaking French and English, and with a
knowledge of French Literature and Romance Philology.— Copy of
the Prospectus in Arts, showing the present Classes iti French, may
be obtained from the REGISTRAR, by whom applications for the
appointment will be received up to APRIL 30.
R
OYAL HOLLOWAY COLLEGE,
ENGLEFIELD GREEN, SURREY.
The Governors will shortly ainioint a Lady as the Senior Staff
Lecturer in GERM AN. who will be expected to come into residence
in October.— Applications should be sent by APRIL 19 to THE
PRINCIPAL, from whom further information can be obtained.
B
EDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London),
YORK PLACE, BAKER STREET, W.
The COUNCIL are about to appoint a LADY* as SECRETARY*
Applications, with Testimonials, to be sent by MAY 4 to the
SECRETARY', from whom particulars can be obtained.
c
I T Y
0 F
SHEFFIELD.
EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
TECHNICAL SCHOOL OF ART.
MODELLING MASTER REQUIRED to give instruction on Four
Days and Four Evening a Week. Salary 175". |<er annum.
Forms of Application, which may he obtained on application to the
undermentioned, should be returned not later than APRIL 30, IMS.
JNO. F. MOSS. Secretary.
Education Office, Sheffield.
T
Situations Mantfb.
0 PUBLISHERS and EDITORS.— EMPLOY-
MENT WANTED in any Literary or Journalistic capacity.
M8S. read and prepared for Press. Editing, Compiling, Indexing,
Researches at the British Museum, Ac. Foreign Languages. Good
knowledge of Continental Affairs and Literature. — ERNEST A.
Vl/.ETELLY, IS, Southampton Buildings. Chan -cry Lane, W.c.
A GENTLEMAN desires ENGAGEMENT as
A PRIVATE SECRETARY, or in some similar capacity. I'ni-
renity Honour Man. Good knowledge of Literature. Politics, and Law.
Fair Knowledge of French and German. Has had several years'
experience of Secretarial Work Would not object to going Abroad —
Box 1102, Athenamm Press. 13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
LADY (35) seeks RE-ENUACEMKNT as
SECRETARY or CONFIDENTIAL CLERK. Experienced
Shorthand Typist, Card Index.— Box HOS, Athenaeum Press, 13,
Bream's Buildings, chancery Lane, E.C.
A S SECRETARY or FOREIGN CORRK-
A \ BPONDENT- LADY desires AFTERNOON EMPLOYMENT,
in Literary capacity preferred. Qualified shorthand Typist, «o«d
French ami German Experienced— Box 1108, Athrnaiiin Press,
Bream s Buildings. Chancery Lane, E C.
TO EDITORS.— HORTICULTURAL WRITER
dMtrw COMMUNICATION; Bright, seasonable Note*, Illus-
trations. Answers to Correspondents, se. Term* moderate. — Address
.in. 8, Reperton Road, Putnam, s.w.
C1ENTLEMAN, long resident abroad, knowing
~X Public Galleries of Continent and Private Oolta t ions of England,
desires RESEARCH WORK. Strict accuracy. Would take post.
Not afraid of work. -11.. Box 1 1"7, Atheiianmi Press, 13, llrc-uu *
Buildings, ( hanecry Lane, E.C.
438
THE ATHENJEUM
N°4094, April 14, 1906
MUDIE'S LIBRARY.
FOUNDED 1842.
For UieCIUClLATIOX and BALK of the BKST BOOKS
in BNOLI8H, FBBKGH, <■' HUMAN, RUSSIAN, ITALIAN,
SPANLSH, DUTCH, anil SCANDINAVIAN.
The Collection comprises the Best Standard
Works published during the past Sixty Years.
TERMS PER AXXUM-
8
Volumes in the Country
6 Volumes Delivered free
and Nearer Suburbs
I in LONDON] *3__3_0
Volumes in the Country ; or,
Volumes Delivered free in LONDON
and Nearer Suburbs
£2 2 0
1 Volume, Exchanged Daily at the) P"! 1 (\
Library Counter / 3d 1 A U
X Volume (for Books of Past Seasons) / lUSi t U.
Half - Yearly, Quarterly, and Monthly
Subscriptions can also be entered.
SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT has been made with
MESSRS. PICKFORD, in London and Suburban Districts
served by them, for the exchange of Library Books TO
and FROM Subscribers' Houses for 3d. per DOUBLE
JOURNEY.
PARCEL POST DEPARTMENT for SUBSCRIBERS
residing at a DISTANCE from any RAILWAY STATION.
Terms on application.
ALL BOOKS are offered SECOND-HAND as soon as the
demand in the LIBRARY will permit. List free on appli-
cation.
MUDIE'S SELECT LIBRARY, Limited,
30-34, NEW OXFORD STREET, W.C.
241, BROMPTON ROAD, S.W.
48, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.
A
N active YOUNG MAN (23) requires
SITUATION as PUBLISHERS or BOOKSELLER'S ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply good references.— T.. Box 1070, Athenaeum Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials.— A. B.. Box 1062, Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream's Build-
ings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
RESEARCH WORK UNDERTAKEN.
British Museum and Elsewhere. Occult Literature a speciality.
— TENEBO, 14, Warner Read. Cambcrwcll.
TRANSLATION, Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing, Encyclopedic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Non-Resident Secretaryship. Classics, French. German, Italian,
Spant-li. Anglo-Saxon. Special subjects : Mythology and Literature.
Varied experience. Moderate terms.— Miss SELBY, 58, Tallwt Road, W.
JHisceUaiuons.
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK and INDEXING.-Apply Miss PETHERBRIDGE (Nat.
8ci. Trii>osl, 52a, Conduit Street, Bond Street, London, W.
SOJpe-l&riters.
AUTHORS' MSS. , NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
ESSAYS TYPE WRITTEN with complete accuracy, <kl. per
1,000 words. Clear Carbon Copies guaranteed. References to well-
known Writers.— M. STUART, Thirlbank, Roxborough Road, Harrow.
AUTHORS' MSS., 9d. per 1,000 words.
SERMONS, PLAYS, ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPED at home (Remington). Good paper. Orders promptly exe-
cuted.—M. L. L., 7, Vernon Road; now known as IS, Edgelcy Road,
Clapham, S.W.
TYPE-WRITING.— MSS., SCIENTIFIC, and
of all Descriptions. COPIED. Special attention to work
requiring care. Dictation Rooms [Shorthand or Type-Writing),
Usual terms— Misses E. B. and I. FARRAN, Donington House, 30,
Norfolk Street, Strand, London.
THE CO-OPERATIVE TYPE-WRITERS, Ltd.
[CO-PARTNERSHIP SOCIETY'.
CECIL HOUSE, 116, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C.
(Over Missis. Lillcy 4 Skinner's.)
SHORTHAND, TYPING. DUPLICATING, TRANSLATING,
TRACING, «c.
A limited Dumber of Pupils taken.
"Living Wage." Little overtime. No work given ont. Officeswell
lighted and healthy. MSS. kept in fireproof safe. Efficient Staff.
riWPK WRITING undertaken by highly educated
J- Women Wlamlcal Tripos ; Cnmhridge Higher toeal ; Modern
languages). Research. Revision. Translation, Dictation Room.—
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPEWRITING AGENCY, 10. Duke Street,
Adclphi. W.C.
TYPE-WRITING. MANUSCRIPT COPIED
in ENGLISH. FRENCH, and GERMAN, neatly and aeon.
ratcly, l>v highly educated LADY. Moderate term*.— Address Mi-*
MALLESon. The Green, Hampton Court.
TYPE -WRITING. 9d. per 1,000 words. All
kinds of MSS,. STORIES. PLAYS, 4c. accurately TV PCD.
Carious. :*l. jK-r l.ooo. Best references. — M. KING, 7, Corona Villas,
Pinner Road, Harrow.
MR. <;K0R<;K LARNEK. Accountant and
l.io-nsed Valuer t.i the Bookselling Publishing. Kewmper
Printing, and stati ry Trade,. Partner-hip-. Arranged. Balance
sTh»,,tH and Trading Accounts Prepaie.l nnd Audited. All Business
•.wised eat under Mr. Liiriler's personal .-uper-. isi.ui 2-s ■** :t j ,, 1 :in
"ttirnotr Itow, E.C, Secretary to the Booksellers' Provident
■laenn'on.
THE FICTION EDITOR for some time, and the
Literary Reader ("Taster "i for many years of the Messrs.
Harmsworth. having resigned his appointment. ADVISES CPON
MSS. OF EVERY KIND. The discoverer and prompter of many
New Writers. Fiction a speciality.— Apply AUTHORS' ADVISORY
BUREAU, 20, Buckingham Street, West Strand, London, W.C.
THE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
The interests of Authors capably represented. Agreements for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed with Publishers.— Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. BURGHES, M, Paternoster Row
$Utospap*r Agents.
Ci MITCHELL & CO., Agents for the Sale and
\J. Purchase of Newspaper Properties, undertake Valuations for
Probate or Purchase. Investigations ami Audit of Accounts, 4e. Card
of Terms on application.
Mitchell House. 1 and 2. Snow Hill. Holtiorn Viaduct. E.C.
YTEWSPAPER PROPERTIES
JLl BOUGHT, SOLD, VALUED, AND SUPPLIED WITH
EVERY REQUISITE.
The London Agency of an additional limited number of Provincial
and Colonial Newspapers can be undertaken.
Full particulars from
THE IMPERIAL NEWS AGENCY'.
2 and 4, Tudor Street, London, E.C.
A T H E N M U M PRESS. —JOHN EDWARD
-XV_ FRANCIS. Printer of the . I then, piim, .We* and Oioriet 4e is
prciwred to SUBMIT ESTIMATES for all kinds of BOOK. NEWS
and PERIODICAL PRINTING.— IS, Bream's Buildings. Chaucer/
Lane. EC '
(Catalogues.
HH. PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street. Leicester,
. issues CATALOGUES of MSS. and RARE BOOKS post free
to Book-Collectors. No. ih contains rare Tracts — Collection of
Broadside Ballads— a few Manuscripts— Early Poetry. 4o.
BOOKS. — All OUT - OF - PRINT and RARE
BOOKS on anv subject SUPPLIED. The most expert Bookfindcr
extant. Please state wants and ask for CATALOGUE. I make a special
feature of exchanging any Saleable Books for others selected from my
various Lists. Special List of 2.000 Books I particularly want post free.
— EDW. BAKER'S Great Bookshop, 14-1K. John Bright Street, Birming-
ham. Oscar Wilde's Poems, 21s., for 0s. 6d. (only 250 issued).
CATALOGUE No. 44. -Turner's Liber Studiorum,
England and Wales, and other Engravings— Lucas's Mezzotints
after Constable— Etchings by Whistler, S. Palmer, 4c— Drawings by
Turner, Burne-Jones. Ruskin, 4c. — Illustrated Books — Works by
Ruskin. Post free, Sixpence. — WM. WARD, 2, Church Terrace,
Richmond, Surrey.
ANCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Collectors
and Antiquarians are invited to apply to SPINK 4 SON,
Limited, for Specimen Copy (gratisl of their NUMISMATIC CIRCU-
LAR. The finest Greek, Roman, and English Coins on View and for
Sale at Moderate Prices.— SPINK 4 SON. Limited, Experts, Valuers,
and Cataloguers, 16, 17, and 19. Piccadilly, London, W. Established
upwards of a Century.
LEIGHTON'S
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of EARLY
J. PRINTED and other INTERESTING BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS,
and BINDINGS.
OFFERED FOR SALE BY
J. & J. LKICJHTON, 40, Brewer Street, Golden Square, W.
Thick 3vo, 1,738 pp., 6,200 items, with upwards of 1,350 Reproductions
in Facsimile.
Bound in art cloth, gilt tops, 25s. ; half-morocco, gilt tops, 30s.
R
GLAISHER'S
EMAINDER BOOK CATALOGUE.
APRIL SUPPLEMENT NOW READY.
Comprising all most recent Purchases.
WILLIAM GLA1SHER,
Remainder and Discount Bookseller. 265, High Holhorn. London.
Aho Catalooveof POPULAR CURRENT LITERATURE, and NSW
LIST of FRENCH NOVELS. CLASSICS, de.
c
ATALOGUE of FRENCH BOOKS, at greatly
reduced prices. I. PHILOSOPHY. II. RELIGION. III. Ill's
TOItY IV POETRY, DRAMA. MUSIC V. BEAUX ARTS. VI.
GEOGRAPHY. VH. MILITARY. VILL FICTION. fX. GENERAL
LITERATURE.
DULAU 4 CO. 37, Soho Square, London. W.
rpHK INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
-L No. 141. containing a Special Article, entitled 'MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY and MATTER.' \,r Prof. ALFRED W.
PORTER Specimen Copies gratis -WILLIAMS 4 NORGATB
Book Importers, 14. Henrietta Street. Covent Garden. W.C.
MARTINUS NIJHOFF, The Hague (Holland),
I^xiksellcr.
JUST PUBLISHED.
CATALOOUE 360. RARE AND YALUABLE
BOOKS (Fifteenth to Eighteenth Century. M No«.
CATALOGUE 345. HISTORY OF PAINTING
AND BIOGRAPHIES OF PAINTERS 7ii Nos.
Will !*• sent free on application.
Q HAKESPEARE.— Our NEW CATALOG UK 11*
k? (annotated extensively in English, is entitled SHAKESPEARE :
MIS WORKS, HIS TIMES, MIS INFLUENCE .including Emblem
Books and Dances of Death', and contains MM Nos.. all of which are
ol interest to the Shakespearian Collector.— Sent gratis on application
by LUDWIG ROSENTHAL'S ANTIO.UARIAT. Hildegardstraj.se 16.
Munich iBavariai.
I)KADKRS and COLLECTORS will find it tx>
t their advantage to write for .7. BALDWINS MONTHLY
CATALOGUE of SECOND HAND BOOKS, sentnoet tree on applica-
tion. Books in all Brandies of Literature. Genuine Imrgnins in.
Scarce Items and First Editions. Books sent on approval if desired.—
Address 14, Osborne Road, Leyton, Essex.
A RUNDEL CHROMOS.— Large etock. Many
XTL rare ones. Send for THIS MONTH'S LIST (which gives size-
and sha]>eof eachl.— ST. JUDE'S DEPOT. Birmingham.
%alts by Ruction.
The Library of the late Iter. W. BEdLKV, M.A., of Green-
croft Garden*, N.W., formerly of East Ilyde Vicarage,
Lai ton, Beds.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION at their Mouse, No, IX, Wellington
Street. Strand, W.C, on THURSDAY. April 19. and Two-
Following Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, the LIBRARY of the late
Rev. W. BEGLEY. M.A.. of Greencroft Gardens, N.W., formerly of
East Hyde Vicarage. Luton. Beds., comprising rare Chronogrammatic.
Anagrainmatic, and Epigrammatic Books and Tracts, and other
Singular Literary Productions — interesting and scarce Works on.
Witchcraft, Sorcery. Deinonomania. Alchemy, and other Occult
Subjects— Writings of Ultra-Religious Sect Founders— Original Docu-
ments by an<l connected with Joanna Southcott, Mormonism*
SwedenlMirgianism, Quakerism. Analtaptists. Millenarians.
Spiritualists, 4c— Collections of Ex-Libris— Early Printed Books-
— a large number of Scarce Tracts, Manuscripts, 4c.
May lie viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
THE TRUMAN COLLECTIONS.
The Third and Final Portion of the Collection of Engravings
and Drairino*.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. I':, Wellington.
Street, Strand. W.i '., on MONDAY. April 28. and Five Following;
Days, at 1 o'clock precisely |l»v order of the Executors', the-
THIRD and CONCLUDING PORTION of the valuable COL-
LECTION of ENGRAVINGS and DRAWINGS of the late-
EDW1N TRUMAN. Esq. M.R.C.8., The Home Field. Putney Hill.
S.W., comprising Topographical Views, many relating to London
— Mezzotints of Fancy Subjects — an extensive Collection of Early
Engraved Portraits, 'mostly English Historical Prints— Mezzotint
Portraits, fee. — also Drawings by Old Masters Water Colour and other
Drawings, principally of the English School— a large number of the
Works of (ieorge shephoard, including a Series of his Original Sketch-
Books— a few Framed Engravings. Drawings, and Oil Paintings.
May Ik; viewed two days prior. Catalogues may I*- had.
Valuable Books, including a Library removed from Devon-
shire, the Library of the late Surgeon Major-General W. F.
])K FABECK, Indian Medical Service, and other Private
Properties.
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
bj AUCTION, at their Galleries, 47. Leicester Square. W.C. on
THURSDAY. April 10. and Following Dav. at 10 minutes past 1 o'clock
precisely, VALUABLE BOOKS, including Basinet, Le Costume
Historique, li vols. Large Paper— Macleays Highlanders of Scotland,
2 vols.— Logan's Clans of the Scottish Highlands. Coloured Plates-
Anderson s Ancient Scottish Weapons— Malory, La Morte d'Arthur,
by Dr. Sommer; ditto, illustrated by Beardsley— Real Life in London.
2 vols, uncut— Pyne's Royal Residences. :: vols. Large Paper, uncut-
Costumes of Great Britain. India. Turkey. Italy. 4c — Aiken s New
Scrap-Book, British Proverbs, Ideas. A Touch at the Fine Arts, all
with Coloured Plates — Martial Achievements of (ireat Britain-
Theatrical Collections— Books illustrated by Cruikslmnk. Phiz, and
Rowlandson— Books and Pamphlets on Trade, Finance. I xxnl Govern-
ment, fee.— a long Series of Works on India— Bury s Views on the
Liverpool and Manchester Railway— an Important Collection of
Modern Works on Medicine and Surgery— First Editions of Dickens,
Thackeray, Stevenson, and other Modern Authors— Hamerton's Land-
scape and Etching and Etchers— Michel's Rrimhranrlt. and Miscel-
laneous Books in all branches of Literature.
Catalogves on application.
Valuable Miscellaneous Books, i)ichidina Duplicates from the-
Library of the lute HENRY SOTHSRAN, Esq. (removed
from Upper Norwood), and a Selection from an Old
Library (removed from Scotland), the Property of a Lady.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
kUCTION, at their Rooms, 118. Chancery Lane, W.C-pn
WEDNESDAY. April 25, and Two Following Days, valuable MIS-
CELLANEOUS Books, comprising Nash's Mansions ol England.
Large Paper, 4 vols., ami other Folio Architectural and Antiquarian
B,,..ks- Racinet, L'Omement Polychrome — Andsley and Bowes.
Keramic Art of Japan, 2 vols.— Tuers Bartolozxi. Large Paper, 2 vols,
and other Fine Art and Illustrated Books — Rowlandson's Loyal
Volunteers, uncut -Aokermann's Microcosm. Original Edition. 3 vols.,
and other Books with Coloured Plates— Issues from the Kelmsoott,
Doves, an.l other Modern Presses shelle\ s Adonais, First Edition,
Pisa, 1821— Tennyson's Poems. First Edition, 18S3— Heath's Pick-
wickian Illustrations ami others Illustrated by Crulkahank, Aiken,
*.• Books in old English Literature, in. hiding the rare Two First
Volumes of Sterne's Tristram Shandy, in the original half-binding,
entirely uncut, the Property of a Lady— a Collection of Early Printed
and Black better Books, and Sixteenth - Century Editions of the
i lassies, consigned from Paris- a Folio Volume of rare Pices relating
to Virginia, Massachusetts. Maryland, Georgia, fee, 1744-61- a Complete
Set of the Surtees Society's Publications, and a fine Set of the Annual
Register to 18S8, 137 vols.— Library Editions of Shakespeare, Pepys,
Fielding, Burke. Scott. Dickens. Thackeray, (ieorge Eliot. Couau
Doyle, and others, many in handsome calf and morocco bindings.
Catalogues on application.
N°4094, April 14, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
439
M
R.
Sales of Miscellaneous Property.
J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
SALES are held EVERY FRIDAY, at his Rooms. X8, King
Strett. Corent Garden, London, W.C., for the disposal of MICRO-
SCOPES. SLI1>ES, and OBJECTIVES — Telescopes — Theodolites-
Levels— Electrical and Scientific Instruments— Cameras. Lenses, and
all kinds of Photographic Apparatus— Optical Lanterns with Slides
and all Accessories in great variety by Best Makers — Household
Furniture — Jewellery— and other Miscellaneous Property.
On Tiew Thursday 2 to 6 and morning of Sale.
MESSRS. CHRiSTIE, MANSON & WOODS
respectfully give notice that they will hold the following
SALES by AUCTION, at their Great Rooms. King Street, St. James's
Square, the Sales commencing at 1 o'clock precisely :—
On FRIDAY, April 20, PORCELAIN,
OBJECTS of ART, and DECORATIVE FURNITURE.
On SATURDAY, April 21, the COLLECTION
of important MODERN PICTURES and DRAWINGS of the late
HORATIO BRIGHT. Esq
ABOUT 2,000 BOOKS WANTED are advertised
forweeklv in THE PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR AND BOOK-
SELLERS' RECORD (established 1 8371, which also gives Lists of the
New Books published during the Week. Announcements of New
Books, ic. Subscribers have the privilege of a Free Advertisement
for Four Books Wanted Weekly. Sent for 52 weeks, post free, for
8». 6d. Home and It*. Foreign Subscription. Price Three-Halfpence
Weekly.— Office : St. Dunstan's House, Fetter Lane, London.
EIGHTH EDITION (1906), Revised anil Enlarged,
crown 8ro, 10s. 6d.
AN ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON THE
INTEGRAL CALCULUS.
Containing Applications to Plane Curves and Surfaces,
and also Chapters on the Calculus of Variations,
with numerous Examples.
BENJAMIN WILLIAMSON,
D.Sc. D.C.L. F.R.S.
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO.
39, Paternoster Row, London, E.C
In 2 vols, crown 8vo. with 2 Portraits, 2-J».
TOHN FRANCIS AND THE 'ATHEN.EUM.'
tl A Literary Chronicle of Half a Century.
By JOHN C. FRANCIS.
MACMLLLAN & CO. Limited. London.
SELECT LIST OF
BOOKS ON GARDENING
TO BE OBTAINED AT THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE' OFFICE from H. G. COVE, Publisher.
Prices Quoted are in all cases Post Free.
ALPINE FLORA : for Tourists and
Amateur Botanists. By Dr. JULIUS HOFF-
MAN. Translated by K. S. BARTON (Mrs. A.
GEPP). With 40 Plates, containing 250
Coloured Figures from Water-Colour Sketches
by HERMANN FRIESF. 8vo, 7*. lOi.
ALPINE FLOWERS FOR GAR-
DENS. By W.ROBINSON. Revised Edition.
With Illustrations. 8vo, 10*. \ld.
BAMBOO GARDEN, THE. By
LORD REDESDALK. Illustrated by ALFRED
PARSONS. 8vo, 10*. lOflf.
BOTANY, A TEXT - BOOK OF.
By Dr. E. 8TRASBURGER. Translated by
B.C. PORTER, Pb.D. Revised. Fifth Edition.
686 Illustrations. 18*. 5d.
BOTANY, A YEAR'S. Adapted to
Home and School Use. By FRANCES A.
KITCHENER. With 105 Illustrations. Crown
8vo, 5*. 3d.
BOTANY, THE TREASURY OF.
Edited by J. LINDLEY, M.D. F.R.S., and T.
MOORE, F.L.8. With 20 Steel Plates and
numerous Woodcuts. Two Parts. Fcap. 8vo,
12*. 5d.
CACTUS CULTURE FOR
AMATEURS: being Descriptions of the various
Cactuses grown in this Country. By W.
WATSON, Curator of tbe Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew. New Edition. Profusely
Illustrated. In cloth gilt, 5*. id.
ENGLISH FLOWER GARDEN,
THE. An Illustrated Dictionary of all the
Plants Used, and Directions for their Culture
and Arrangement. By W. ROBINSON. With
numerous Illustrations. Medium 8vo, 15*. 6d.
Also 2 vols, half- morocco, 24*. Id. ; 1 vol. half-
morocco, 21*. Id.
FLORA, BRITISH, HANDBOOK OF
THE. By GEO. BKNTHAM. Revised by
Sir JOSEPH HOOKER. Seventh Edition.
9*. id.
FLORA, BRITISH, ILLUSTRA-
TIONS OF THE. By W. H. FITCH and
W. G. SMITH. 1,315 Wood Engravings.
Revised and Enlarged. 9*. Zd.
FORCING BOOK, THE. By Prof.
L. H. BAILEY. Globe 8vo, i». id.
FORESTRY, A MANUAL OF.
WM. SCHLICH, Pb.D. CLE.
Yol. I. THE UTILITY OF FORESTS, AND
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF
SYLVICULTURE. Demy 8 vo, cloth,
6*. 3d.
„ II. THE FORMATION AND TENDING
OF WOODS ; or, Practical Sylvi-
culture. Illustrated, 7*. id.
„ III. FOREST MANAGEMENT. Illustrated,
8* id.
„ 1Y. FOREST PROTECTION. By W. R.
FISHER. B.A. With 250 Illustra-
tions. 9*. id.
V. FOR* ST UTILIZATION. By W. R.
FISHER, B.A. With 343 Illustra-
tions. 12*. id.
FORESTRY, ENGLISH ESTATE.
By A. C. FORBHS. Copiously illustrated.
38 pages. 12*. 10 d.
FORESTRY, WEBSTER'S
PRACTICAL. Fourth and Enlarged Edition.
Demy 8vo, illustrated, cloth gilt, 5*. id.
FRUIT GARDEN, THE. By George
BUNYARD and OWEN THOMAS. 8vo,
buckram, 21*. 6d.
FRUIT GROWING, THE
PRINCIPLES OF. By Prof. L. H. BAILEY.
Globe 8vo, 5*. id.
FRUIT TREES IN POTS. By Josh
BKACE, Twenty-two Years Foreman for
Thos. Rivers & ^on. Illustrated. Large crown
8vo, post free, 5*. 3d.
THE
FINANCIAL
REVIEW OF
REVIEWS
The Largest and most Authori-
tative Financial Review of the
Day, numbering among its
Literary Contributors States-
men and many Eminent
Writers, and forming a Com-
plete Survey of the Month's
Financial Events.
APRIL CONTENTS
Include, among oth^r Articles,
Contributions by
THE RIGHT HON.
SIR CHARLES DILKE, P.C., MP.,
ox
FINANCE IN THE NEW
PARLIAMENT,'
AXD
MR. J. KEIR HARDIE, M.P..
oy
'A LABOUR BUDGET.'
Complete 16-page Catalogue sent post free on application to
H. G. COVF, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
THE FINANCIAL REVIEW
OF REVIEWS consists each
month of 240 pp. of Literary and
Statistical Matter, and is of the
greatest interest to the InYestor,
but not to the Speculator.
The APRIL ISSUE will be sent POST
FREE to ANY ADDRESS for ONE
SHILLING on application to
thf. rrm.isiiKR.
2, WATERLOO PLACE, B.W.
Or it can 1h> obtained <>f nil hatting l>««>kst alls and
Booksellers throughout the country.
440
THE A 'I'll KN'/KC.M
N' 4<)!M, Ai-kil 11, 1908
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NEW BOOKS.
MEMOIRS OF
ARCHBISHOP TEMPLE.
Bj BBVKN FRIF.nm-v Edited bj E. 0. SANDFORD,
Archdcaoon of Bzeter. W|Ui Photogmvora Bad other
Illustrations. In | roU B»o, K$. net.
LORD RANDOLPH
CHURCHILL.
By Winston si'KNTKIl CHURCHILL, MP. With
Portnlta. in I rata, data] &vn, 8d». net.
HENRY SIDGWICK: a Memoir.
By A. S. and K. M. S. With Portraits. Kvo, 12*-. 6rf. net.
SPECTATOR. "The book is one of high ralM and
Absorbing tatowtb"
THE ARBITER IN COUNCIL.
8vo, 10*. net.
TIMES. -"The scheme is a well-imagined one, and the
discussions are full of interest, information, and suggestion."
THE DOOR OF HUMILITY.
By ALFRED AUSTIN, Poet Laureate. Crown 8vo, 4*. 6d.
net.
Canon Huwsi.kv in the TRIBUNE: — ''There is
throughout this nobly religious poem a real wish on the
part of the writer to help his time. . . The poem Hows with
music from first to last, and the lines are so inevitable,
there is such absence of all straining after effect, such
terseness in many of the verses, a.s obliges me to hold them
in memory a.s one holds in memory so many of the lines of
Wordsworth."
NERO.
By STEPHEN PHILLIPS. Crown 8vo, 4*. 6<f. net.
NEW BOOK BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE
SOUL OF A PEOPLE.'
A PEOPLE AT SCHOOL.
By H. FIELDING HALL. 8vo, lfX net.
BRIEF LITERARY
CRITICISMS.
Bv the late RICHARD HOLT HUTTON. Selected from
the Spectator, and Edited by his Niece, ELIZABETH M.
ROSCOE. With Portrait Globe 8vo, 4s. net.
[Ererslei/ Series.
V Containing Criticisms on DICKENS, SCOTT, KEATS,
SHELLEY, WORDSWORTH, TENNYSON, BROWNING,
MATTHEW ARNOLD, and others.
FOURTH EDITION NOW READY.
THE SCENERY OF
SWITZERLAND,
AND THE CAUSES TO WHICH IT IS DUE. By the
Right Hon. Lord AVEBURY, P. C. Illustrated. Crown 8vo,
6«.
MEDIEVAL RHODESIA.
ByPAYID RANDALL-MACIVER, M.A. F.R.G.S. Fully
illustrated. Demy 4to, 20*. net.
TIMES. — "Mr. Maclver is to be congratulated both on
the methods which be directed so successfully to a definite
end in a short time, and on the clearness with which he has
i ited his results. .. .He lias closed an era in this matter of
the Rhodesian ruins, but only to open a new one of more
interest, in our opinion, and much greater promise."
THE TAXATION OF THE
LIQUOR TRADE.
By JOSEPH ROWNTREE and ARTHUR SHERWELL.
Vol. I. Public Mouses Hotels Restaurants— Theatres —
Railway Bars— Clubs. 8vo, 10*. 6rf. net
DAILY NBWS.—'" The Taxation of the Liquor Trade'
should be in the hands of every social reformer. The policy
advocated in it.s pages should be immediately placed before
the Imperial Parliament"
INTEREST & SAVING.
By E. C. K. CONNER, M.A., Bmnner Professor of
Economic Science in the University of Liverpool. Crown
8vo, 3*. Ocf. net
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd, London.
HURST &
NEW
BLACKETTS
BOOKS.
In 1 vol. royal fivo, with numerous lllust ration*
from Photogrtphl tiken esjxirially for this tajok,
ju ioa 21a i" ' .
P0RFIRI0 DIAZ,
Seven Times President of Mexico.
By Mrs. ALEC TWEEDIE,
Author of ' Mexico oa I saw it,' Ac.
AN ART BOOK FOR ALL TIME.
ORDINARY EDITION, 1 voL demy 4to, cloth,
gilt top, price 21. 2*. net.
Containing 41 Full- Page Illustrations in
Colour and 36 in Black and White.
THE FIRST CENTURY OF
ENGLISH PORCELAIN,
1744-1850.
By W. MOORE BINNS,
Director of Furnivals, Limited, and late Art
Director of the Royal Porcelain Works, Worcester.
A BOOK OF PERSONAL REMINISCENCES.
NOW READY, in 1 vol. crown 8vo, with
numerous Illustrations, price 6s. net.
SIX YEARS AT THE
RUSSIAN COURT.
By M. EAGAR.
NEW and REVISED EDITION.
NOW READY, in 1 vol. medium 8vo, fully
illustrated, price 10a. (kl. net.
LHASA.
By PERCEVAL LANDON.
THE LATEST AND BEST
SIX-8HILLING NOVELS.
THE FLOWER OF FRANCE.
By JUSTIN HUNTLYT McCARTHY,
Author of ' If I were King,' &c.
THE BLACK CUIRASSIER.
By PHILIP STEVENSON,
Author of ' A Gendarme of the King.'
JIMMY QUIXOTE. By Tom Gallon,
Author of ' Tatterley,' &c.
THE TRIUMPHS OF EUGENE
VALMONT. By ROBERT BARR, Author
of ' A Prince of Good Fellows,' &c.
JENNIFER P0NTEFRACTE. By
ALICE and CLAUDE ASKEW, Authors of
4 Shulamite,' ' Anna of the Plains,' Ac.
UNDER THE ARCH OF LIFE. By
LADY HENRY SOMERSET.
THE WHITE HAND. By Carl
JOUBERT, Author of ' Russia As It Really
Is,' &c.
THE DRAKEST0NE. By Oliver
ONIONS, Author of 'The Odd-Job Man,' Ac.
IN SILENCE. By Mrs. Fred
REYNOLDS, Author of ' A Quaker Wooing,'
&c.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
T. FISHER UNWIN'S
LIST.
HAECKEL: His Life and Work.
H) WII.IIKI.M BdLACBI Vfnh » Coloured rrontit-
j.--'. ui'l If oUn-r llliu»lrAti'>n«. I>einr *t«, IV net-
work lrK-<-i Jl\»- kH • mrcr from boyhood to
Ml fetal <U>- of ronw-ovrmy urn] world-aide f.nv,
dialing fully aiUi hi* KtoaUAe raaWKfejM ,.
ariUi.jr-
SIR HENRY IRVING : a Biography.
By PERCY riTZOmiLD. With a PhoU,jrr:,nir»
Frontispiece and ti other Illustration*. Den
ir>. m. Mt
"There are few thiujr» inore entertaining in modrni
literature than the lifo of n ureal actor well Voti. To
that category belongs the biography nf the late Mir
Henry Irvine A full, sympathetic, and aell-written
biography. "— Tribune.
THE HISTORY OF CO-OPERATION
By G. J. HOLYOAKE, Author of ' B»^
Remembering,' Ac. Illustrated. I rou. demy bro,
ZW
G. J. Holyoake's laxt article, 'Woman's Suffrage,'
appears In the April 1 nAependeiU Review. (i«. 6tL net)
ARISTOTLE'S THEORY
OF CONDUCT.
By THOMAS MARSHALL, M.A. 21». net.
A lucid exposition of Aristotle's Ethics. With Intro-
duction, Notes, and a Faniphra.se of the greater part of
the original Text.
SPORT AND TRAVEL.
Abyssinia and British East Africa.
By LordHINDLIP, F.lUi.s. F Z.s. With Maps and
more than 70 Illustrations. Demy Sto, <il«.
{April 23.
RECREATIONS OF A
NATURALIST.
By .1. K. BARRING, Author of ' Handbook of Briti-h
Birds,' ' Extinct British Animals,' Ac. With numerous
Illustrations. Deinv 8»o, 15*. net.
FISHING IN IRELAND.
(Being Vol. L of 'What I hare Seen while Fishing")
By PHILIP GEEN. Fully Illustrated. Den.
3*. (kl. net.
FISHING IN SCOTLAND AND
THE HOME COUNTIES.
(Being Vol. II. of the above. 1 By PHILIP QEBK
Fully Illustrated. I>emy 8to, 3*. 6rf. net.
THE WELSH PEOPLE.
Chapters in their Origin, History, Laws,
Language, and Literature.
By DAVID BRYXMOR JONES, Ml'., and JOHN
RHYS. Cheap Edition. Large crown Svo, St. net.
THE GOVERNANCE
OF ENGLAND.
By SIDNEY LOW, M.A. Cheap Edition. 3*. W. neL
"A most lucid surrey of modern constitutional
history."— Pall Mali Gazette.
DISESTABLISHMENT
IN FRANCE.
By PAUL SABATIER. With Portrait* of the Authoi
and the Abbe Loisy. Crown Svo, It, Qd. net.
THE LABOUR PARTY.
What it Is and What it Wants.
By t)i<- Rev. CONKAH NOBk
cover, l*. net.
Cloth, 2a. net ; paP**"
THE CONTINENTAL OUTCAST.
Land Colonies and Poor Law Relief.
By the Rev. W. CARL1I.E and VICTOR W. CARLILK.
Illustrat*tl, cloth, if. net ; paper coTer, 1*. net
T. FISHER UNWIN,
1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W.C.
N° 4094, Apeil 14, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
441
SATURDAY, APRIL 11,, 1906.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
The Problems of Philosophy 441
A Woman of Wit and Wisdom 442
Burford Papers 443
The Two Races op Canada 444
New Notels (The Angel of Pais ; Mara ; The Man
of Property ; The House by the Bridge ; The
Jungle) 446—446
African Languages 446
Our Library Table (Six Years at the Russian
Court ; Serf Life in Russia ; By-paths in the
Balkans ; Review of Canadian History in 1905 ;
English Craft Gilds and the Government ; Tudor
Translations of Machiarelli ; Essays on Economics ;
The Deep Sea's Toll ; Peasant Life in the Holy
Land ; Liverpool Banking, 1760-1887 ; New Editions
of Dumas and Don Juan) 448 — 450
List of New Books 450
John Foxe and Dante's 'DbMonarchia'; Fkoude's
'Nemesis of Faith'; Lttton's 'John Acland';
" That Two-handed Engine at the Door " 450—451
Literary Gossip 452
Science— Medical Books; Birds' Eggs; Societies;
Meetings Next Week ; Gossip .. .. 452—455
Fine Arts — The Early History of Playing
Cards; Longton Hall Porcelain; Handbook
of Greek Sculpture; William the Con-
queror's Thighbone ; The Quilter Sale ;
Gossip 455—457
Music — Grove's Dictionary of Music; Gossip;
Performances Next Week 458—459
Drama— The Drums of Oudb ; Punch ; Josephine ;
La Rkvolte and The Fool of the World ; Le
Sonnet d'Arvers ; Gossip .. .. .. 459— 460
Index to Advertisers 460
LITERATURE
The Problems of Philosophy. By Harald
Hoffding. Translated by G. M. Fisher.
With a Preface by W. James. (New
York, the Macmillan Company.)
" Small and precious — 6Xiyov re <j>ikov rt,"
is the verdict which every lover of philo-
sophy will pass on this book. Prof.
James in his preface describes it as the
Danish thinker's " philosophical testa-
ment." The expression were unfortunate
did it mean that the veteran teacher
has literally bequeathed to the world his
novissima verba — he who but last year
astonished London and Oxford no less by
bis perennial energy and fire than by his
gentle wisdom. Clearly, however, no
more is intended than that the thought
here unfolded is, in the fullest and best
sense of the word, ripe. One feels that a
lifetime of patient, dispassionate reflec-
tion lies behind it. Hence the highly
concentrated form which the exposition
assumes, and that without loss of lucidity.
Hence, too, a restraint and old-world
academic formalism of phrase, wherein
Prof. James, master of a very different
manner, perceives a power of persuasion
all its own : —
" Empiricist matter presented in a ration-
alist's manner — this to my mind gives their
distinction to the pages that follow. They
form a multum in parvo so well calculated to
impress and influence the usual rationalistic-
minded student of philosophy, that I put
them forth in English for his benefit."
When Prof. James says " empiricism "
he means " humanism " ; for Prof. Hoff-
ding decidedly is on the side of the initiators
of the new movement in the United States
and England. On the other hand, their
influence— and they need draw naught but
comfort from the fac,t — would seem to
have in no way determined this choice of
position. It appears rather to be due to
individual meditation, fortified by a sym-
pathy with the general tendency of
modern science to dispense with a mate-
rialistic basis, whilst holding equally aloof
from the dogmatic alternative, namely,
absolutism. Meanwhile, humanism, both
in America and England, has adopted, for
polemical and propagandist ends, a ver-
nacular style uncountenanced by philo-
sophic tradition. Its opponents, there-
fore, men of the old school, had some
excuse if they mistook the mere sensation
of being shocked for the authentic voice
of outraged reason. Henceforward, how-
ever, they can plead no such excuse.
Rationalism is assailed in its own language,
and the long-deferred reply must be made
to the objections which Avenarius, Mach,
Ostwald, Bergson, Poincare, and a host
of others have for a long time past been
industriously piling up against the day
of reckoning. Gravely and decorously
the rationalists are reminded that per-
sonality, time, a truth which grows, a
plurality which is discontinuous and dis-
cordant— all these are actual, and cannot
be thought away so as to leave much, if
anything at all, behind worth thinking,
or even thinkable. So gravely and
decorously let them answer, or be ac-
counted silenced.
Prof. Hoffding's immediate purpose is
to classify and review the main problems
of philosophy. He finds them to be four
— those of consciousness, of knowledge, of
being, and of values. Treating them in
this order, he makes psychology lead up
to logic, and logic to metaphysic ; then,
finally, lest we stop short at a purely
intellectualist view of the world, man's
relation to the universe, in his capacity
of feeling and willing subject, is taken
into account from the ethico-religious
standpoint. At the same time — and
this gives the treatment its chief value
— the four problems are represented as
four beads on one string. The string is
supplied by the supreme problem, What
light do these departmental surveys throw
on the general relation between conti-
nuity and discontinuity ? That which is
" continuous " is self - consistent, har-
monious, one. That which is " discon-
tinuous " is irrational, incongruent, plural.
Now, though ideally philosophy should
begin nowhere in particular, so that it
may end everywhere at once, in practice
it has to begin somewhere, and, given its
beginning, one can generally make a
shrewd guess as to how and where it will
end. If we proceed from the whole to its
parts, we start from something that some-
how by abstraction we have made, or
seemed to find, absolutely compact and
stable, and are in that case pretty sure to
end by denying all reality to whatever
awkward facts we have abstracted from ;
hypnotized by our sacred formula, we
cease to be aware of those brutal actualities
the world, the flesh, and the devil. If,
however, we start, as Prof. Hoffding does,
from the departmental problems, the parts,
and seek to proceed to a revelation of the
continuous and whole, the actualities are
not likely to let go their hold on us, and it
is the static concept of an immutable
serene which in turn becomes thin and
dreamlike. It is scarcely, however, as
Prof. James suggests, a case of the street
against the study. It is rather a case of
the laboratory against the cell,
jit The first departmental problem is that
of consciousness. In this, the domain of
psychology, Prof. Hoffding is thoroughly
at home, and thus at the outset the reader's
confidence is secured. It is impossible
here to do justice to the many-sidedness
and subtlety of his investigation. Suffice
it to say that, whilst full emphasis is laid
on the discontinuities (for instance, the
qualitative differences between the various
states and elements of consciousness, the
abrupt and striking otherness of " my "
individual consciousness to " yours," and
the gap no specious phrase such as 'l paral-
lelism " can bridge between the psychical
and its physiological " correlate "), the
argument for continuity is not neglected.
This is no " psychology without a soul."
Experimental psychology is warned that
by its very methods it tends " to over-
isolate single elements, to neglect the
spontaneity of the conscious life, and to
over-emphasize the external symptoms of
inner states." On the other hand, how-
ever, synthesis in its turn may be over-
done ; and here let the humanists as
" personal idealists " specially take
heed : — ■
" In the idealistic camp there has often
been an inclination to consider the concept
of personality as settled, and to operate with
it in cosmological speculation. This is to
overlook the fact, emphasized especially by
the Positivist school, that what we are so
industriously working for is just to build
up a concept of personality, just to spell
out a psychological conception of the whole,
even as biology is spelling away at a defini-
tion of life. But just as biology, in spite of
its recognition of the individuality of the
living organism, knows no other method
than to seek, by means of observation,
experiment, and analysis, to understand
the complex processes tlirough the simpler ;
so in like manner psychology, however
earnestly it may assert the synthetic cha-
racter of consciousness, can only bring into
play the methods common to all sciences —
observation, experiment, and analysis. The
concept of personality stands as the ideal
toward which we steer, as the enduring
problem to whose elucidation all special
methods contribute."
Passing on to the logical discussion, wo
are introduced to an " economic theory "
of the principles of knowledge similar to
that contained in the ' Kritik der reinen
Erfahrung ' of Richard Avenarius. For-
mulae which fail to satisfy the demands
of economy, either with respect to par-
simony or to practicality, are not entitled
to rank as objectively valid. Hence a
new theory of truth — a dynamic, in place
of the ordinary static, concept. No
wonder that Prof. James was eager to
have this book translated. Here is a
weighty passage which might have been
penned by the high-priest of pragmatism
himself : —
" The significance of principles is, that
W2
THE ATI! ENJEUlf
N°40fM, Arm 14, 1906
they'iuny lead us to reach a rational under-
standing in c mr work. Their truth ton
in tln'ir solid application : end tins ooneisti
in th<ir working value. That a principle is
t , ■igfiifl— t hat ODfl MO work witfa it , and
I his means, it tin' remark refer to the prin-
ciples of knowledge, that one can with their
help advance to understanding firmly order-
ing and units in).' the phenomena. The con-
cept of truth is a ilifimmir concept, since it
r\|ii."e- in a definite fashion the applica-
tion of mental energy ; and it is a si/tnholicul
concept, since it indicates, not outward like-
ness or qualitative similarity to an absolute
object, but relative similarity (analogy)
between the things in being and in human
thought. The old naive concept of truth,
according to which a cognition was true if it
absolutely reproduced or mirrored ' reality,'
is untenable, and it became so from the very
moment when the subjectivity of sense-
qualities began to be asserted. The sub-
jectivity of sense-qualities, however, does
not mean that they are invalid and unfit to
guide us in the world. They stand constantly
as tokens, signals, symbols, whose serial
order we can point to as the expression of an
objective series of events, although we
cannot demonstrate that they are copies
of the objective series. The same relation
obtains with logical principles and other
fundamental presuppositions of our know-
ledge."
Now it is not hard to see that, on such
a view of the nature of truth, there must
always remain a " discontinuity " or
irrational relation between our working
hypotheses, however fruitful, and the
Being or complete experience they seek
to render. Prof. Hoffding goes on to illus-
trate this incongruity by dwelling on
the failure of the mechanical or quantita-
tive view of nature to account for qualita-
tive differences ; the hopelessness of all
attempts, speculative or empiricist, to
eliminate the time-relation in the interest
of the causal concept; and the impossi-
bility of getting subject and object finally
clear of one another. At this point logic
gives way to metaphysic. The only
possible method of a metaphysic, according
to our author, is analogy. We can at
most but conceive the universe picture-
fashion by regarding the whole as ana-
logous in nature to some one of its parts
which we more or less arbitrarily select as
Urphanomen, or type ; and, since into
the choice of the type-phenomenon and
into the working out of the analogy a
distinctly personal element is bound to
enter, a great philosophical system will
be not so much a science as " a work of
art, a drama."
The book closes with a chapter on
ethical and religious problems, which,
though extremely brief, is no less inter-
esting than any that has gone before, if
only because the ethico-religious corol-
laries of the humanistic position for the
most part still await authoritative expo-
sition. In this sphere it might seem that
the discontinuity was nearly absolute.
Indeed, at first sight, the concept of the
type-phenomenon in metaphysic would
almost cease to appear arbitrary when
compared with the vague and shifting
concept of an ideal measure for all values
in ethics and religion. Still even here
Prof. Hoffding makes out a case for con-
tinuity, and that without unduly sa< ri-
licing the angle instant to the whole life,
or the individual to the society ; for, as
he well puts it, —
"Continuity signifies, not absence of
distinction, hut the ordering of differences
in a graded -one-. Lite as a whole can
always he called to account by single
element! in it. It will always seem an
imperfection, when an instant, a ]>eriod, a
capacity, or an impulse is treated ej a bare
means to something other, without inde-
pendent value of it.s own. The art of life
consists in conferring immediate and mediate
worth upon things at the same time."
Similarly, as regards the relation of the
individual to the soziale LcbenstotalitiU (for
which " social organism " is surely a mis-
leading and inadequate translation), the
test of the perfection of a human society
becomes, To what degree is the individual
so treated that he is not only a means, but
also at the same time an end ? Mean-
while, Prof. Hoffding hopes and believes
that the general stream of tendency
in the world makes for continuity in
this sense. This faith is his religion —
nay, it becomes for him a symbol of the
essence of all religion as historically and
philosophically viewed. For a fuller treat-
ment of this conception of religion as "the
belief in the conservation of values " we
are referred to his ' Religionsphilosophie,'
which we hope to notice shortly in its
English dress.
A Woman of Wit and Wisdom : a Memoir
of Elizabeth Carter, one of the Bas Bleu
Society (1717-1806). By Alice C. C.
Gaussen. With Portraits, Illustrations,
and Facsimile. (Smith, Elder & Co.)
We confess to a feeling of disappoint-
ment that Miss Gaussen has made
little of excellent material. From the
interesting manuscripts at her disposal it
should have been possible to reconstruct
a charming and unique personality in an
atmosphere of congenial, if stiff and anti-
quated enthusiasm for culture. The Bas
Bleu Society, indeed, has been a favourite
subject for raillery ; but it marks an epoch
in the progress of women, and Miss Gaussen
is probably right in declaring that " most
of its individual members were entirely
free from the pedantry and affectation "
of which they were generally accused.
But, unfortunately, she has given us no
impression of " the set," no record of
their meetings or aims, and no picture of
their tastes and manners. We have,
indeed, slight sketches of Mrs. Vesey, the
Sylph, and of Mrs. Montagu, the " Queen
of the Blues " ; but these are so discon-
nected as to seem almost irrelevant.
Of Elizabeth Carter herself the picture
is further confused by Miss Gaussen's per-
plexing habit of mixing quotations from
Epictetus and his translator, and by the
abrupt inconsequence of her style. The
lady's nature was not particularly simple,
though she remained unspoilt by ambition
or fame, and proved herself a model of the
domestic virtues. She
" contrived to live happily without ' spirit,
taste, or sentiment,' or a hundred other fine
things which her blue-stocking friend- in town
reckoned among the noaaaMCMI of lifo."
Mt>. Outer had a "laudable affection
liion, hut mortally hated talk-
ing " ; she ooodescended, as a " person
of superior talents," to play with " the
men and WOBMO of tin- world " ; and Dr.
Johnson declared thai ' ihe could make
a pudding M well M Iran-late Kpictetus,
and work I handkerchief a-s well a^ compose
a poem." Indeed, the true explanation
of what she herself di as the " incon-
sistency of her follies " was ■ certain alert
eagerness for efficiency of all sorts, which
was hardly seen in her chosen friend-.
Her " intemperance in Hebrew and
Greek " did not restrain her passion for
" balls and assemblies." She studied half
a dozen modern languages, and took
" incredible pains " to learn knitting ; she
possessed " a strange, stubborn, constitu-
tional disposition to be pleased that made
her sociable and tolerant," though always
a sufferer from " weak nerves and flutter-
ing pulses." During a call she would
'* grow so restless and corky that she was
ready to fly out of the window." She
rose at six in the morning to tramp the
hills of Deal ; talked Latin with her father
over the breakfast-table ; watered her
pinks and roses, sat down to a spinet,
and then proceeded to some other amuse*
ment : —
" Thus between reading, working, writing,
twirling the globes, and running up and
down stairs to see where everybody is and
how they do, I seldom want either business
or entertainment."
She was not proud of her own accom-
plishments, and was evidently capable of
laughing at her own enthusiasms : —
" My present reigning scheme is music.
Having for some time past made a composi-
tion of noises between the hissing of a snake
and the lowing of a cow upon a German flute,
I am now set down to the spinnet, which
unfortunately stood in my way, and before
I can play three bars in any one tune, am
trying at a dozen. I content myself with
thinking it is a superficial world one lives in,
and superficial understandings suit it best,
so vire la bagatelle, I '11 e'en trifle on and be
content."
Modern triflers have no such solid back-
ground, it is to be feared. Mrs. Carter
certainly showed rare wisdom in her
common sense and cheerful contentment
— unusual wit in comment and description.
But Miss Gaussen's summaries of her philo-
sophy are not particularly impressive ;
and one is tempted to believe that the
lady's feelings and instincts were of a
higher order than her learning or her
reason. Though accounted with some
justice a prodigy of erudition, and always
mentally industrious, she was no pedant ;
and the stimulus of cultured society only
moved her to an enthusiasm for London
as " the land of friendships." Regarding
long life as a " tremendous blessing," she
was enabled to reach her eighty-ninth
year without making an enemy or stifling
a regret.
Miss Gaussen has, at any rate, given us
material for the study of a fascinating per-
sonality, hitherto little more than a name
to most people.
N°4094, April 14, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
443
Burford Papers : being Letters of Samuel
Crispe to his Sister at Burford ; and
other Studies of a Century (1745-1845).
By William Holden Hutton, B.D.
(Constable & Co.)
Halfway between Epsom and Thames
Ditton, on rising ground in the midst of
a wild and almost trackless common,
stood a hundred and fifty years back a
rambling old mansion known as Chesing-
ton Hall. At the time of which we speak
it was occupied by a family of three
persons : an old bachelor named Chris-
topher Hamilton ; his sister Sarah, a
sturdy gentlewoman of a certain age ;
and their niece, Miss Kitty Cooke, a good-
humoured countrified lass, known amongst
her friends as " Kitty Finder " or " Fat
Kit Square." Hither, in quest of " an
absolute Retreat," came, in or about the
year 1762, Mr. Samuel Crispe, a travelled
gentleman of taste and breeding, who, by
an overfondness for fine company, good
living, and costly curios, had contrived
to impair a pretty fortune and a naturally
sound constitution. And here, at first
with his old friend the tenant of the
mansion, and afterwards with Mistress
Sarah Hamilton — who, on her brother's
death, had turned the Hall into a boarding-
house for the accommodation of a few old
friends — he continued to nurse a gouty
habit of body and an obstinate atrophy
of purse till his death, at the age of
seventy-six, in April, 1783.
Readers of Macaulay will recall the
half -compassionate, half-contemptuous de-
scription which that facile artist has given,
in his dashing, free-hand style, of the
" distressed anchorite " of Chesington.
In earlier days Samuel Crispe had, after
the fashion then prevailing amongst literary
aspirants, written a tragedy on the subject
of Virginia, which in 1754 had been pro-
duced at Drury Lane by the author's
friend Garrick. The play had, further,
been read and commended by Pitt ;
and Garrick, besides furnishing a prologue
and an epilogue for the occasion, had him-
self played Virginius to the Virginia of
Mrs. Cibber. Yet, despite these advan-
tages and the zealous patronage of Lady
Coventry, ' Virginia,' although it ran for
ten nights (one night more than Johnson's
' Irene '), had achieved at best but a
eticces d'estime : nor could influence or
entreaty prevail with Garrick to revive it.
The text of the play had been freely
altered in the representation, and Crispe
believed that his lines had been delibe-
rately mutilated through the jealousy of
the actor-manager, from whom, moreover,
despite repeated applications, he failed
to recover the transcript that had been
entrusted to him — the one complete copy
of the tragedy. According to Macaulay,
Crispe's self -immurement at Chesington
was due to this fancied discovery of
( fa i iek's treachery. Now — not to say
that Chesington, while secluded, was yet
by no means the inaccessible and desolate
hermitage that Macaulay makes out — we
may observe that during the interval
between the production of ' Virginia '
and his settlement at the Hall, Crispe
had betaken himself and his discomfiture
to Italy, and, on his return, had bought
and profusely furnished a villa at Hampton,
where for a considerable time he had lived
and entertained on a scale greatly beyond
his means. It is difficult to believe in
the sudden recrudescence, after eight
3rears, of a chagrin which to all appearance
had been cured by means of travel and
social distractions. But we happen to
have the most convincing evidence that
Samuel Crispe's retirement was owing,
not to a temper soured by ill usage, but
simply to the loss of health and money.
The style and contents of these letters
prove beyond question that, so far from
being (as Macaulay would have us believe)
a dismal and cynical misanthropist,
" Daddy " Crispe, as Fanny Burney
called him, was, despite grave and growing
infirmities and sadly impaired resources,
as genial and as jovial a hermit as ever
forswore the busy haunts of men. That
he harboured illusions respecting the
merits of his play and the motives which
had actuated Garrick in suppressing it
cannot be denied ; but that he had the
discretion to keep all such uncomfortable
thoughts to himself may be inferred from
the fact that, in a series of letters covering
sixty demy octavo pages, the subject of
' Virginia ' is not once broached.
An only son, Samuel Crispe had five
sisters, of whom the fourth (Sophia) had,
after the death of her husband, Philip
Gast, settled at " The Great House " in
the ancient town of Burford, in Oxford-
shire. She was, says Mrs. Delany, " very
ordinary in her appearance, but an excel-
lent creature, and far superior to her
sisters in understanding." Mrs. Gast,
whose husband had been a merchant of
Rotterdam, enjoyed, it seems, " the dis-
tinction of having been married at Canter-
bury by ' Nicholas Brady, Lecturer, of
Clapham.' ' According to her epitaph
in Burford Church, she possessed, "besides
a critical skill in the English and the
French, a competent knowledge of the
Latin, Greek, and Hebrew languages,"
and " her favourite study was that of
reading the Divine Oracles in the Original."
Half of her income of 3001. a year, as we
learn from the same source, was expended
in charity. Alone of the five sisters she
survived Samuel (her junior by two
years), dying, at the age of eighty-five,
in April, 1791. A series of twenty-four
letters addressed to her by her brother
between January, 1779, and July, 1782,
were preserved in the family, and are now
printed through the kindness of a kins-
woman, Mrs. Edward Egerton Leigh, of
Broadwell Manor, Moreton-in-Marsh.
Widely as they seem to have differed
in habits and views, the correspondents
were clearly on terms of frank and affec-
tionate intimacy. ' Honest Lem " — so
Crispe ordinarily signs himself — never
writes without an effort to lure his sister
from her abode at " stupid, filthy Bur-
ford " to the cosy haven and the modest
social comforts of Chesington.
"Dkar Sop, — Burn You, why don't, you
answer my last letter ? Are jour Rheu-
matics so bad you can't ?. . . .By your own
account of yourself your Electrifying Scheme
seems to be at an End ; and not without
reason. You had better Success a pretty
deal by the Jumble of travelling ; have you
forgot the surprizing effect of your Rapid
Journies, the first Season you came hither ?
You seem'd new-made. Change the scene
therefore as soon as possible — dispatch your
beastly papers ; get out of your abominable
Hermitage next yr dreary dismal Garden ;
and bring hither Yourself, your Maid, and
those few papers you reserve for my sight.
.... Seriously, I do firmly believe, the
Journey, Change of Air, &c, will be of
infinite Service to You ; for Physic, to old,
crazy Frames like ours, is all my eye and
Betty Martin — a sea Phrase that Admiral
Jemm [James Burney] frequently makes
use of. I had yesterday half a Pipe of
excellent old Port (25 Dozen and 2 Bottles)
laid in, which will be in prime order for
drinking when You come Up (for I shall
not touch it myself till then), and I have
besides left of my old Stock above 5 Dozen,
which likewise I believe I shall hardly touch
myself, as I am constantly drinking Cyder
of my own making, which I really like better,
and agrees with me better. Now all these
Premisses being put together, who the Devil
d' ye think must drink this Wine if You
don't ? — lay these things to heart, and then
honestly draw the Fair Inference .... Good-
bye. Ham [Miss Sarah Hamilton] and Kate
send all kinds of good wishes, and long to
have you come — so Come and be hang'd
directly. I don't hate you. Witness my
hand, Lem."
But the old lady of The Great House,
forby her " Rheumatics," had her own
circle of intimates at Burford, from whom
she was not lightly to be parted. It is,
indeed, from one of her friends — Mrs.
Hinde — that we derive the saying of old
Sarah Marlborough, handed down through
Mrs. Gast and her brother to Fanny
Burney : " Prithee don't talk to me about
books ; I never read any books but men
and cards." Then there were the Lent-
halls of Burford Priory, descendants of
the Speaker of the Long Parliament.
What would poor, sickly Molly Lenthall
say — the " M. L." to whom, " under an
oath of secrecy and silence," Fannikin's
letters to her Daddy were, by special
favour of the writer, read aloud by Mrs.
Gast ? No. Chesington might be well
enough in its way, for a short stay in
summer-time ; but Burford was her
chosen home. So honest Lem must
needs be content with a rare visit — though
Sophia Gast was certainly present at her
brother's death-bed on April 24th, 1783.
The letters afford some interesting
sidelights on the social and financial
conditions of the day. In January, 1779,
Consols had fallen to 62 ; three years
later (March, 17S2) they were fluctuating
between 54 and 55, though by the follow-
ing May they had risen to 60. True
to his happy-go-lucky temper, honest
Lem counsels his sister to choose the
sweet simplicity of the Three Per Cents.
" I don't see how you could do better,"
he writes (May 23rd, 1782) ;
"my opinion of Stock is t lint they never
can be a Solid and permanent Security, as
1 think it impossible in our irretrievable
Condition that this ruin'd Nation can hold
on paying the National Interest on the Debt,
already incurr'd : how then must it he when
thaCDobt jn, and must be, increasing every
Ill
THE ATHENjEUM
N°40fH, Aikii. U, 1906
hom in |o frightful a Dejjreo ? Notwith-
standing nil this, ire oan do do better. We
hlmll sink together; tl'<- BtOOki at present
pej ."> p. c, and may perhepi hold "ii while
You and I live; and when ITS arc gOOO,
those after us must look to t hemsek BS,
Indeed, nothing but Land, good Farms, are
to !><• depended! on; and even these, when
the greet CYsah oomes, will be miserably
low bat let me turn away from 1 1 1 1 ^
horrible prospect."
In September, l~so, he had informed
Ins sister that houses in Loudon
"arc beoome such a drug that they (com-
parativeh ) fetch nothing ; and more and
more every day are quitted, and remain
untenanted at any rent almost. At this
veTy time houses in (irosvenor Square and
Grosvenor Street ami Brook Street (that us'd
to be the Cream of London) are empty,
which .'! years ago were lot for no less than
450/. a year ; and the Day before Yesterday
Dr. Burney rec'1 here a proposal from the
owner of a most magnificent house in Upper
Brook Street that 6 years ago he bought^at
the price of 5,300/., and which he now offers
to sell for 2,500/. ! Besides this, the Court
of Chancery for some time past has abso-
lutely refus'd to Mortgagees that brought
Bills to foreclose, the liberty of so doing ;
so all the relief they can get from Chancery
is the appointing a Receiver to receive the
rents and pay them their Interest ; their
Principal, want it ever so much, they must
content themselves to go without. Have
you yet wrote to *** to pay off his Bond ?
Upon my word, Sop, You ought not to let
that matter Sleep. Personal Securities at
such times as these ! Let me earnestly
intreat You to make a point of it to get in
that money directly .... in such a Crisis
[the reported revolt of the loyal Carolinians
to Congress] the worst is to be apprehended ;
and for my part I think nothing but hard
ready money is to be depended on ; there-
fore, as Iago says to Roderigo, put money in
thy purse ! fill thy purse with money ! "
For all his disparagement of physic,
Daddy Crispe was far too well-bred to
escape the fashionable craze for quackery,
and he discusses ailments and their latest
remedies with all the gusto of a connoisseur.
Mrs. Cast's rheumatism was obstinate,
and the poor body was distracted between
the conflicting claims of " Fomentations,"
as prescribed by Dr. Lewis ; bella donna
(pronounced by the same authority to be
" cooling and discutient in outward appli-
cations ") ; a certain " Oil of Charity,"
declared infallible by her friends the
Torrianos ; and an electrical machine
invented and sold at six guineas by the
famous Dr. Graham . Daddy Crispe enters
with a zest tempered by sympathy into
the rival virtues of these several cures,
impressing on his sister, who flitted for-
lornly from one to the other, the prudence
of giving a fair trial to one at a time. But
his enjoyment becomes frank and un-
qualified when he describes Sir Richard
Jebb's energetic treatment of the hapless
Thrale. The good brewer, who was suffer-
ing from the effects of a long course of
feasting, was, it appears, hustled off to
bed,
"plied with strong white wine whey, with
the highest things to eat, and with Port and
Brandy mixed without stint. The by-
standers were frighted, but the Doctor pt'r-
sisted, and at last by this hot work produced
a violent Boil in the Nape of the Neck, which
indeed proved a Carbuncle. Bir Richard
Mill w<nt on beating him and feeding him
Op m thil manner, till — "
Milt let us draw ;i veil over the bJdeOUi
carnival of the knife that followed. Buffil 8
it that the victim, having escaped with
his life from the sacrifice for which he had
been fatted, and being presently pro-
nounced a " restored Man," was dead
within six months. It w;i- Mi.-. Thrale,
by the way. who once repeated to John-on
(iai tick's song in ' Florae! and I'erdita,'
dwelling with peculiar pleasure on the
line
I M unile with the simple, and feed with th<- poor.
Crispe, in a letter dated October 2nd,
17KO. supplies a curious commentary on
this anecdote : —
" I met a vast deal of Company at Streat-
ham, where everything was most splendid
and magnificent — two Courses of 21 Dishes
each, besides Removes ; and after that a
Dessert of a piece with the Dinner — Pines
and Fruits of all Sorts, Ices, Creams,? &c,
&c, &c, without end — everything on plate,
of which such a profusion, and such a Side
Board, I never saw at any Nobleman's " —
a description which lends additional
point to Johnson's blunt remonstrance :
" Nay, my dear lady, this will never do.
Poor David ! ' Smile with the simple ' —
what folly is that ! And who would ' feed
with the poor ' that could help it ? No, no ;
let me smile with the wise, and feed w ith the
rich."
To do her justice, the good-humoured
hostess would always take in good part
those rude puffs of criticism with which
her formidable guest delighted to shatter
her specious soap-bubbles of sentiment.
Of the Burney family and their friends,
Patty and Sally Payne (daughters of
" honest Tom Payne," the bookseller of
the Upper Mews Gate), Daddy Crispe's
letters are never without some news.
Fanny, Kitty, and Suzette were constant
visitors at Chesington, staying mostly at
the Hall, but occasionally at " Polly
Hubbard's" hard by. In 1780 "Admiral
Jemm," home from Cook's third and last
expedition, soon made his way to the
hermitage, " being glad of a little rest and
quiet and country Air and milk, &c, after
being a Tennis Ball round the Globe for
four Years and a half." The old man
loved the cheerful society of the voung
folks :—
" In this cold weather I creep into the fire
in my own great chair ; for I make Fanny
and Jem make room for me, and never mind
them, nor put myself the least out of my
way for them. When you come, you shall
see Jem's Journal, which is very entertain-
ing ; it is judicious and solid likewise, and
si lows a depth of knowledge in his profession
which will hardly be equall'd by any Officer
in the Service of his Standing ; but the
Accounts of the Adventures, &c, from his
own mouth are still more enlivening — a
thousand little anecdotes and particulars
worth all the rest."
A year later (October, 1781) he writes : —
" All our Jolly, Gay. Young Set (Alas !)
are now broke up — and some weeks the
sooner on account of Patty Payne's illness.
....I find Jemm has made some progress
in his Attempt to lay close Siege to Sally
Payne; for in a letter from Suzette she
says — ' James has din'd in Castle Street
[the Paynes' London house] only f'/ur time*
tince be cane t.. Town (N.B., be ha- been.
in Town only ftw. The other day h<)
-i"iit at the Denoyera' ; Merit Je ne er
ift r intention de tt ffoyer Be
will M more likely to Sully forth, and gain
; ■ . ,n ■ • i .' ■ ( ,i -• :■ . II . - affairs nr<-,
1 think, en '-"/' train, but don t, tell him I t>ay
Six month- later the old man reports-
that "the New Mini-try have just g;
honest Jemm a fine GO Gun Man of War
[the Bristol]; so that now he must be a
Post-Captain." In ITh.'J, a- captain of
the Bristol, James Burney served under
Sir Edward Hughes in the East Indies.
On September 6th, 1785, he married
Sally Payne, destined in after years to
acquire immortality as Sarah Battle at
the hand of Elia.
But enough has been said to show the
multifarious interest which belongs to
these frank, familiar letters. The papers
which follow are not, it is true, of any
great importance, literary or other ; but
at any rate they form, with the letters,
a recreative and altogether delightful,
book — a welcome solace to the critic
weary of preciosity and self-advertisement.
The author has fished in the backwaters
of eighteenth-century life and thought in
England, and he gives us here the results
— not very grand, perhaps, but novel and,
in their quiet way, most attractive — of
his pleasant labour. Mr. Hutton's style
is simple and natural, and throughout he
thinks rather of his subject than of himself.
Amongst the many services we owe him,
not the least is that of having exploded
Macaulay's absurdly distorted account of
Samuel Crispe, who now for the first time
appears in his true light as the brave,
cheery, kind-hearted old " Daddy " who
presided langsyne over the frolics and
the humours of Chesington Hall.
Le Canada : Les Deux Bares. By Andr6
Siegfried. (Paris, Armand Colin.)
M. Andre Siegfried, who has already
written an excellent volume on New
Zealand, which our readers may remember,
treats in his ' Canada ' the most important
points connected with the present and
future of the Dominion.
There being, for the reasons which our
author gives, no Labour party in Canada,
and little that is specially interesting in
Canadian legislation, as compared with
that of Australia and New Zealand, he
rightly devotes the whole of his attention
to the conflict of Protestants and Catholics
and that of British and French in the
Dominion. The fiscal question as between
the mother-country and Canada he passes
over lightly, as do all those who are as
well acquainted as he is with real Canadian
opinion ; and he attaches more import-
ance to future trade relations between
Canada and the United States than to
those between Canada and^the United
Kingdom, except so far as these are similar
to the relations between Canada and the
rest of the world. His conclusion is that
"colonists object to mixing sentiment with
business." .
N° 4094, April 14, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
445
The views of this impartial and skilled
observer, himself a French Protestant,
are of great interest to impartial Britons.
At many points they conflict so sharply
with our received opinions that they will
raise dissent ; but that they represent
a perfectly sound judgment, exercised
without leaning in any particular direction,
we are convinced by our previous know-
ledge of the author's writings. He does
not exaggerate in either a French or a
Protestant sense, and unpleasant as are
his facts, they are probably facts indeed.
Switzerland presents us with a country
in which rival languages and fierce conflict
between Protestant and Catholic are in-
sufficient to weaken national unity. In
the same way M. Siegfried shows that
the fierce rivalry and the painful conflicts
caused by race and religion form no bar
to unity on behalf of Canadian nationality.
The difference is not likely, he thinks, to
lessen, and Canadian opinion of all shades
will wander for ever between separatism,
which is impossible, and complete union,
which can never be. Some fierce Pro-
testants of Upper Canada declare that the
Dominion is to be Protestant or no longer
to exist. But M. Siegfried gives his
reasons for disbelieving that they will
push their declarations to the full extent.
Nevertheless, in a sense, the fabric of the
Dominion is, he thinks, at the mercy of
a tremendous accident which might
strain fanaticism, either on the Protestant
or on the Catholic side, to breaking-point.
On the other hand, the vast majority of
" the French of Canada will never like
the English." The French Canadian (this
careful observer is convinced) bears a
permanent ill-will towards his British
neighbour, but not towards the Imperial
Government or the British across the
seas. Some of M. Siegfried's quotations
from fanatics on both sides are curious
enough, as, for example, in the case of
speeches of Papal representatives on the
occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the
proclamation of the dogma of the Im-
maculate Conception, at the end of
November, 1904, in which were coupled
" the sects of Mahomet and of Luther "
— the latter being the Anglicans, Method-
ists, and Presbyterians of the Dominion.
Many writers have tried to draw
Eictures of Catholic Quebec, but few
ave succeeded better than M. Siegfried.
" Pour comprendre en effet tout le
charmo qui se degage de cette antique
maison, il faut avoir visits les batiments
historiques de co grand seminaire qui se
dresse, altier et venerable, sur le rocher de
Quebec, dominant, surplombant presque la
ville et rimmense nappe d'eau du Saint-
Laurent. II faut avoir parcouru ses inter-
minables et sombres couloirs, vrais couloirs
de couvent ou de forteresse, eclairos ca et
la de fenetres etroites a travers lesquolles
on apercoit soudain, commo dans une vision,
le merveilleux panorama du fleuve, avec
son arrierc-plan do montagnes bleues et
decoupers. I] faut avoir vu passer, dans
ces antichambres, dans cos classes vioillottos
st sombres, la procession des 6tudiants, mi-
laiquos, mi-ccclosiastiques, avoo lours uni-
formoH ourieux ot d'un autre ago : longuos
redingotos bleuos, echarpos d'un vert eme-
raude. II faut surtout avoir convors6, dans
l'intimit6 charmante et digne de petites
chambres presque cellulaires, avec les maitres
ecclesiastiques, si francais do langage, si
canadiens, si catholiques et avec tout cela
si lointains et si differents de notre France
europeenne et moderne : on devine alors,
comme dans une revelation imposee par la
composition du lieu, toute la forte tradition
romaine qui a petri ce pays et ce peuple, a
tel point qu'il se sentirait orphelin, si le
protecteur s6culaire de son histoire venait
a lui manquer."
In the University of Laval and the
Catholic colleges of the Dominion Roman
Catholic teaching is dominant in a sense
in which it can hardly be found powerful
in any university of the Old World, ex-
cept, perhaps, Louvain. Even philosophy
is taught only in Latin, and almost as a
branch of theology — no modern teaching
being mentioned, except for the purpose
of refutation as contrary to sound doctrine.
The result is that Laval is hopelessly
distanced in modern ideas by the two
other great universities of the Dominion,
and that the Roman Catholic population
are without the highest training for their
future in the world. On the other hand,
the schools of Upper Canada, being so
anxious to be " Imperial " as to imitate
the public schools of England, are also,
according to M. Siegfried, somewhat
behind those of the United States,
although he shows much personal sym-
pathy for the colonial schools and colleges
in the matters in which they differ
from their neighbours across the frontier.
Cricket, at least, attracts him, though
birching, perhaps, repels.
M. Siegfried has evidently been amazed
at the extraordinary extent of the differ-
ence between the French Canadians, with
their vigorous growth in numbers, and
the rest of the civilized world. These
Frenchmen who have never known the
Revolution are more Conservative than
the Russian peasantry, and are kept in
such isolation from the world by their
advisers that no admixture of ideas takes
place : —
" After 150 years of life under the same
laws and flag, these neighbours remain to
them strangers and, generally speaking,
opponents. They like one another no more
than they did on the first day of the conquest,
and it is clear that we find ourselves face to
face with one of those deep and lasting anti-
pathies against which conciliation breaks
itself to pieces The English and the
French Canadians live in the same house as
freres ennemis .... The fiction of friendly
feeling is kept up on both sides. But it is
a deliberate optimism, which does not
represent reality .... The mothor-country
does not interforo in the local quarrels, or,
if it does, it is with so much reservation
that intervention is not perceived. Although
this good tradition was in some degree
abandoned during the reign of Imperialist
opinion, the Government in London is still
tho supremo arbiter .... There is not among
the Canadian Fronch any hatred against
England, but thoro is not affection. When
tho British armies were boaton during tho
Transvaal war tho Fronch Canadians re-
joiced openly, but chiefly for tho pleasure
of annoying their neighbours in Ontario by
treading on tho British lion's tail, as a
little revenge of self-love."
The Canadian British, on the other hand,
are too much inclined, our author thinks,
to " defend the flag, which nobody is in
reality attacking." " Interest binds," and
will ever bind the French-Canadian to the
Empire ; but it is a mistake to try his
patience by calling upon him to take part
in " Imperial defence," except in defend-
ing his own loved Canada. That, he is,
M. Siegfried tells us, prepared to defend —
even against France herself.
M. Siegfried is inclined to think, but
does not prove his case, that Lord Minto
did harm by his declarations on Imperialist
doctrine during his tenure of office as
Governor- General. It was a trying time,
and it was as difficult for a Viceroy to
accept the volunteering of the patriotic
Imperialists of Canada without offending
French-Canadian sentiment as it is for a
Viceroy in Dublin to hold the balance
even between Protestant Orangemen and
Roman Catholic Nationalists.
NEW NOVELS.
The Angel of Pain. By E. F. Benson.
(Heinemann.)
It is a little difficult to discover the philo-
sophic point of view which Mr. Benson
assumes in this novel. From his preface,
which is somewhat gratuitous, we are
justified in supposing that he disclaims
the utility of pain. But the course of
his story is in favour of its chastening
value. The professor of the preface says :
" If we have thought that a man or a
woman is our friend, and we find such
acting evilly against us without cause, that
pain too, though it is the hardest of all, is
somehow necessary."
That is a statement of the plot of this
novel. The hero considers that his friend
has wronged him, because he has robbed
him of his fiancde. A fair-minded man
would have reasoned, albeit sadly, that
it was the right and duty of two young
people to find out their real feelings
before it was too late. But Philip Home
is not unskilfully drawn, and it is a testi-
mony to the skill of his portrait to say
that he strikes us as a man who would
take his disappointment hardly. So, too,
the picture of the painter Dundas is as
clever as we are given to understand his
own pictures were. The girl is also in
keeping and successfully individual, while
the hero's mother is delightful. Indeed, one
can take no exception to the story until
one comes to the Hermit. Bluntly, the
Hermit will not do. He lives in solitary
communion with Nature, charms night-
ingales to perch on his finger and sing,
and dies under the hoofs of Pan. Why
did Mr. Benson throw away an interesting
book on this preternatural farrago ? We
have no patience with the chapters in
which the Hermit appears.
Mara. By Chris Healy. (Chatto &
Windus.)
Mr. Healy describes his new novel as
" the story of an unconventional woman ";
which the heroine may very fairly claim
9
446
THE ATHEN^UM
N° 4094,
April 14, 1906
to be. She is so " unconventional " that
she haunts tin- streets of London, appa-
rently with the object of being enter-
tained at dinner by the satyrs of the pave-
ment. She is not so unconventional in
being admired and painted and adopted
by a titled Academician, for such a fate
frequently befalls heroines of fiction.
Mr. Healy seems to hold a brief in this
book for the weaker sex against the
machinations and injustice of the male,
and his conduct of it is highly sentimental.
We regret that the knowledge of life
which in his previous book he showed
himself to possess, at least so far as the
manufacturing towns of the North are
concerned, does not seem to extend to
London. His tale opens in East Anglia,
which by this time novelists have ren-
dered for us a social inferno, and marches
along, without one convincing character,
to what is an orthodox happy ending.
Mr. Healy would do well to return to his
Northern subjects.
The Man of Property. By J. Galsworthy.
(Heinemann.)
This is one of the few volumes among
recent works of fiction to which one
thinks seriously of turning a second time.
It is a book in which an intelligent man
could browse with satisfaction, even with
profit, during a chance hour of leisure.
Perhaps it is because such hours come so
rarely nowadays that books of which this
can be said are rare in current literature.
Here, at all events, is one of them. This
story of an upper middle-class London
family has in it some of the generous
qualities which make ' Vanity Fair ' the
wholly delightful work it is. The cha-
racter who gives the novel its title is only
one of half a dozen equally well-drawn
members of a family which illustrates a
type that is as surely part of London as
its omnibuses and the metropolitan police.
These people are the principal pillars of
the more solid clubs, their houses cover
the western half of London in serried
masses of solid, enduring comfort, wealth,
and ugliness. They are never " smart,"
and always solvent. They are never
brilliant or vicious, and always respect-
able. Law-abiding, well dressed, colour-
less, trustworthy, full of common sense,
prosperous, shrewd, and dull, they main-
tain London's balance. They do not
introduce, or initiate ; they keep things
as they are. Here they are presented
with admirable clearness and exactness —
in their own homes, among their own kind,
pursuing their own characteristic ends.
There is a story of a kind, connecting the
long series of carefully finished pictures.
But the pictures, the characterization, are
the main thing. They are minute, vivid,
and steadily interesting. The whole is a
sound and equable piece of work, deserving
high praise.
The House by the Bridge. By M. (J.
Easton. (John Lane.)
In 'The House by the Bridge' the
'prentice hand betrays itself in an exu-
berance of incident and coincident-
which uives a sense of overcrowding, and
puts rather too severe a strain upon the
credulity of the reader. There is plenty
of careful work in the story, but that
intuition or experience seems to be want-
ing which knows exactly where work
tells, and where it serves merely to confuse.
The characters are so laboriously studied
that they suggest types rather than
individuals. The plot is, however, well
constructed, and the mystery success-
fully sustained, though it is hardly con-
sistent with the heroine's characteristics
that she should not have plucked the
heart out of the latter much earlier in her
career. A commendable restraint in toeat-
ment and conscientious workmanship
promise well for any future effort.
The Jungle. By Upton Sinclair. (Heine-
mann.)
This book, dedicated " to the working
men of America." is a powerful story
of the relations of capital and labour.
It is not a pleasant affair. The detailed
description of the chief industries of
Chicago — the slaughter of animals, the
manufacture of canned food, the trans-
formation of waste products into " fer-
tilizer " — is scarcely to be read without a
feeling of nausea. But it is a book that
holds the attention by its vividness,
earnestness, and simplicity. Its principal
characters belong to a little company of
Russians, who, attracted to America as a
land of freedom, are pitilessly crushed
by the tyranny and corruption of the
Beef Trust, in whose service they spend
their strength. Foremost among them is
a man whose struggles against the relent-
less forces that drive him down the indus-
trial scale make a grim and moving tale.
Mr. Sinclair has the power of making his
strongty drawn characters part of the
toiling mass ; he succeeds in bringing the
great figure of Labour itself into the book.
For the most part, the story is told without
any attempt to point a moral ; but
towards the close it degenerates into a
Socialist argument, and thus loses a good
deal of its artistic merit.
AFRICAN LANGUAGES.
Swahili is among the best-known members
of the Bantu language-family, and was, for
various reasons, one of the earliest to be
fully studied ; but comparatively little atten-
tion has been paid to the group of allied
idioms which connect it with the mainland.
These comprise Pokomo, Kamba, Digo,
Shambala, Bondei, Zigula, Konde (to be
distinguished from the Konde of Lake
Nyasa), and others. Some of these were
included by Krapf in his ' Vocabulary of
Six East African Languages,' published in
1850 ; and other materials were collected
by the late Bishop Steere between 1865 and
1882. Shambala and Zigula, not the least
important of those enumerated, are spoken
in adjacent districts — the former north of
tho Ruvu (Luvu) or Pangani river, the latter
south of it, and separated from tho sea by
t he strip of coast-land known as the Mrima,
where the people speak a dialect of Swahili.
Some YVazigula, however, appear to have
migrated into the Shambala country. The
Wa-Bondei occupy the country between
Usambara and the coast. Bishop Steere
in 1867 published Collections for a Handbook
of the Shambala Language, having obtained
his materials " from a native of one of the
coast villages who was well acquainted with
the Shambala country and language." He
afterwards had these materials " revised by
another man, a Zigula by birth, who made
scarcely any substantial alterations." This
little book has been reissued (Msalabani,
East Africa ; to be obtained at the office
of the Universities' Mission, 9, Dartmouth
Street, S.W.) by the Archdeacon of Magila,
who, being on the spot, and having the
advantage of several years' study at first
hand, has subjected the whole to a thorough
revision in the light of the most recent
philological research. Prof. Meinhof de-
voted some months (August, 1902 — Feb-
ruary, 1903) to the study of Bantu phonetics,
with the help of the phonograph, in Zanzibar
and German East Africa. The results of
his observations, embracing a large number
of languages (two of them, Mbugu and
Ndorobo, never before treated), are now in
course of publication in the Transactions of
the Berlin Oriental Seminary, and are
referred to below. These essays deal largely
in technicalities, which, though important
enough in themselves, are unnecessary in a
practical handbook like Archdeacon Wood-
ward's. We cannot help thinking, more-
over, that the orthography used in the
latter serves all ordinary purposes as well
as the more elaborate system proposed by
Prof. Meinhof. Gh may be a less scientific
way of writing the guttural (in such a word
as ghubika, where the Berlin missionaries,
when they heard it at all, wrote r) than y,
but it makes things easier for the printer.
In connexion with this subject of ortho-
graphy, we may remark in passing that the
system followed by the German authorities
is one likely to lead to hopeless confusion.
In maps and other official documents we
find " Sansibar," " Wuga " (for Vuga),
"Muhesa" (for Muheza), " Kilimandscharo,"
&c. ; while the Government schools teach
the usual Swahili spelling — w and /, for in-
stance, not having the German values of
v ana y. The official spelling is not even
uniformly applied, since in a map before us
we find " Uzi " by the side of " Sansibar."
One or two interesting points in phonetics
may bo mentioned. P does not seem to
exist (except in borrowed words, and in
combination with m), its place being
taken by the aspirate, which, by the
by, is "pronounced with a deep sighing
sound, necessitating a slight pause before
it." Thus the Swahili mpunga ("rice")
becomes mhunga ; mpini ("a handle"),
mhini ; pita, hita ; mpepo, mhepo ; the
preposition pa, ha, &c. L often seems, to
the beginner, to drop out (as it actually
does in Swahili ; compare paa and im-
pala, lia and lila, &c.) between two
vowels ; or it is mistaken for y, probably
owing to its palatal enunciation. Arch-
deacon Woodward fails to distinguish the
two sounds of ch insisted on by Prof. Meinhof,
though willing to admit that they may exist.
Another feature is the " musical tone or
accent" ("pitch" is perhaps a more correct
designation than " accent "), which has
been found to be present in several Bantu
languages, and will probably, now that
attention is directed to it, be discovered
in many more.
The Shambala handbook forms an admir-
ably practical introduction to the language.
Each part of speech has a short section
devoted to it, followed by a useful vocabulary.
Finally, we have on p. 64 some interesting
N° 4094, April 14, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
447
information, on ' Shambala Salutations ' ;
then a list of ' Onomatopoetic Substantives '
(by some called adverbs, and by others
interjections) ; an account of the " tones "
already alluded to ; and a short native talo
•with vocabulary.
Archdeacon Woodward has also published
Collections for a Handbook of the Zigula
Language, much on the same plan as the
foregoing, with the exception of the vocabu-
laries, there being only one to accompany
the two tales at the end of the book. It is,
however, intended to issue some vocabularies
and tales later. This language (formerly
called Zigua or Zeguha, probably because
the earliest information about it was ob-
tained from Swahili-speaking natives, or
possibly owing to the peculiar pronuncia-
tion of I already referred to) does not differ
markedly in structure from Shambala, and
appears to share many of its words and its
dislike for the p sound. We find no indica-
tion of the Shambala guttural, the words
containing it being spelt with g — kiga, gubika,
genda, &c. We shall look forward with
interest to the further collections promised.
Father A. von der Mohl, S.J., contributes
to the eighth volume of Afrikanische Studien
(which is published by the Berlin Oriental
Seminary) a collection of fables in the lan-
guage of the Lower Zambezi, which he calls
" Ci-Tete," but which differs only dialectic-
ally from Nyanja or Mang'anja. The stories
are of the familiar " Uncle Remus " type.
The Rev. H. A. Fokken, of the Lutheran
Mission, Kilimanjaro, has a careful study of
Kisiha, a dialect of the Caga (Chaga, Dschaga)
language, the variations of which almost
constitute separate tongues. Another article
dealing with Bantu philology is the continua-
tion of Prof. Meinhof 's ' Linguistische Studien
in Ostafrika.' This instalment deals with
Digo, Nika, and Pokomo. Dr. Lippert pub-
lishes in this number, with translations,
some Hausa tales obtained from Mr. John
Thornhill, of the Gold Coast Frontier Force.
Of ethnographic as well as linguistic interest
are the notes of the Rev. C. Spiess (of Lome,
Togo) on the magic and mythology of the
Anld people, consisting of a series of native
texts, with the translation in parallel
columns.
Afrikaansche Studies. Proefschrift ter
verkrijging van den grad van Doctor aan de
Rijksuniversiteit te Gent door Pieter Jacobus
du Toit. (Ghent, A. Siffer.)— The literature
of the " Taal " is not very abundant, and
Dr. du Toit's dissertation, while in the main
following the .same lines as Prof. Hesseling's
essay ( ' Het Af rikaansch ' ) reviewed in The
Athenceum for November 11th, 1899, supplies
some important corrections and additions
to that work. Dr. du Toit, whose name
indicates his nationality, and who is, as a
matter of fact, a native of Hope Town, has
the advantage of an inside knowledge of his
subject, whereas Prof. Hesseling was forced
to base his conclusions on a study of such
materials as were accessible to him in print.
It is, therefore, not surprising that he should
have fallen into error on some minor points,
on which Dr. du Toit is able to set him right.
Among these are the etymologies of assegaai
(as here spelt on p. 41) — a point touched on
in the above-mentioned review — paai-boelie
(p. 55), and dollos or dolos, meaning the
" knuckle-bones " used by native diviners.
This had been set down as of Hottentot
origin, but Dr. du Toit explains it as a con-
traction of dobbcl-os. Dobbelen, in Dutch, is
" to throw dice," and it appears that these
bones are sometimes, by children in their
games, called " oxen." Prof. Hesseling's
list of Hottentot derivations (soe ' Het
Afrikaansch,' pp. 80-81) is reduced (p. 21)
to the following : abba (or abbe), ghoenie
(ghoen), hoeka (toeka), kamma, kammalielies,
kamte, kastag, kierie (kiri, or " kerry "). To
these Dr. du Toit adds : Boegoe (bu^u, in
Sparrman bucku), an odoriferous herb.
Dagga, the Cannabis indica (bhang). Qanna,
a certain herb. Gijtjic, a kind of lizard —
unless this word is the Dutch geitje, a little
goat. Gnu. Gonna (gonne), an interjection
of astonishment. Gorra, gorratjie, defined
in the ' Patriot-Woordeboek ' (Paarl, 1902)
as " small holes in dry river-beds to get
water filtering through sand." Karro (karroo).
Kwagga. Tonka, or konka, a pot. We may
remark in passing that kaboe or koeboc (kabu,
knbu), stated by Mansvelt to be " a Kaffir
word only used in the interior " (see also
' Het Afrikaansch,' p. 81), would seem to be
the Zulu um-caba, boiled mealies, which, from
the click, is not unlikely to be a Hottentot
word.
A considerable part of Dr. du Toit's essay
is of a controversial nature, being devoted
to a refutation of the arguments advanced
by Dr. Heinrich Meyer-Benfey in his article
' Die Burensprache und ihre Litteratur '
(Preussischc Jahrbiiclwr, November, 1904).
This writer, while acknowledging the value
of Prof. Hesseling's researches, is inclined
to think that the latter has exaggerated the
influence of the Malayo-Portuguese lingua-
franca in producing the peculiar character
of the " Taal " :—
" Dass viele Worter aus dem Kreolischen stam-
men, und darunter so gelaufige wie banja, baing,
noi, ist iiber jeden Zweifel erhaben. Einfluss des
Kreolischen auf den graminatischen Ban der Bun n-
sprache seheint niir dagegen in keinem Punkt
erwiesen oder anzunehmen notwendig, vielmehr
diUfte fur die bestehenden Aehnlichkeiten stetseine
andere Erklarung zulassig und vorzuziehen sein."
The explanation preferred by Dr. Meyer-
Benfey is that the phonetic decay and loss
of inflections which give the Taal its " hyper-
analytical " character are but the normal
process of development — only more rapidly
and energetically carried out — which has in
course of time differentiated English from
Icelandic. The causes of this more rapid
and energetic development are the isolation
and low degree of culture of the early
colonists ; their " Mangel an literarischer
Tradition und an grammatischer Zucht und
Kontrole " ; and the adoption of the lan-
guage by Hottentots and slaves of other
alien races. After all, it seems as if Dr.
Meyer-Ben fey' s view, looked at carefully,
were not so very different from Prof. Hesse-
ling's and Dr. du Toit's : the real point
at issue between them is the importance
assigned to the Hottentots as a linguistic
factor. When we examine the specimens of
Hottentot-Dutch patois reported by Peter
Kolbe (1719) as commonly spoken by these
people, whose women were employed as
nurses by most colonial families, the hypo-
thesis that the change in the language was
chiefly due to them does not seem very
unreasonable. Against this, however, we
have to set the following considerations :
The number of Afrikander words which can
he traced to the Hottentot language is, as
both Prof. Hesseling and Dr. du Toit have
shown, exceedingly small, and some of the
most characteristic peculiarities — e.g., t he-
loss of grammatical gender — are fundament-
ally incompatible with the character of the
Hottentot language1.
Intercourse between the colonists and the
Hottentots only took place to a very limited
extent up to the time of Kolhe's visit to the
Cape (1705-13), and was at first carried on
1>\ means of interpreters. Hut the Afri-
kander Taal had by that time already
assumed its distinctive character. It Beems,
therefore, more reasonable to suppose that
the patois above referred to was that spoken
by the imported slaves, and picked up from
them — or from then masters, who had by
this time begun to use it — by the Hottentots.
Sparrman (1772-76) mentions some of the
Hottentots as speaking Portuguese — evi-
dently the " Malayo-Portuguese " jargon of
the slaves. These involuntary immigrants
were a mixed multitude, from Java, Ceylon,
Bengal, Madagascar, Mozambique, and
Guinea. Their common medium of inter-
course was the sailors' lingua -franc a, which
at that time was spoken and understood
all over the East. The substitution for
this, at the Cape, of a Dutch jargon
formed on the same lines seems to have
taken place during the last forty years
of the seventeenth century. Dr. Meyer-
Benfey does not deny these facts. But
the difficulties of communication were so
great, when the settlers had penetrated
further inland from the Cape peninsida,
that, if his hypothesis had been correct,
tico languages must have sprung up, as Dr.
du Toit points out (p. 20) — " a Dutch with
Hottentot colouring," in the Onderveld, or
up-country districts, and " a Dutch with
Malayo-Portuguese colouring," in the Cape
peninsula. But the surprising homogeneity
(apart from insignificant details) of the
Afrikander Taal has struck all observers ;
so that it must, as already stated, have been
fully developed in essentials before the
Onderveld was settled or the colonists had
come into sufficiently close contact with the
Hottentots for the latter to exercise any
appreciable influence on their language.
Kolbe's specimens of " Hottentot Hollands"
are very much like the Taal of the present
day, with one exception, noticed by nearly
every one who has written on the subject —
the tendency to make all verbs end in -urn :
" Die oud volk altijd zoo makum, en daarom
ons ook zoo makum " ; — " Gy ons immers
doodmakum," &c. This peculiarity has
now vanished ; but it frequently appears
in the English attributed to Australian
aborigines and others — principally, we fancy,
by writers of fiction. Is it a genuine
phonetic feature, or a result of unscientific
reporting — or merely due to an a priori con-
ception of what " natives " would be likely
to say ?
On pp. 35-9 Dr. du Toit gives some inter-
esting particulars — new to us in the main —
as to the speech of the Cape Malays at the
present time. Those living in towns have
a limited amount of English, of a strictly
professional kind, e.g., " Nice banana, Mrs.,
— cheap, — shilling, — ten — Mrs. buy ? " &C ;
but they speak " perfect Afrikaansch,"
except for their inability to pronounce
certain sounds ; e.g., they turn eu into 4
(sletel for sleutel), and give j the English
instead of the Dutch (if) sound. One of the
most curious publications ever issued is a
Mohammedan prayer-book in the Taal,
printed in Arabic characters, prepared (in
1869) for the use of Moslems at the Cape.
An account of this is given by Prof, de Goeje
in the Ncdcrlandschc Spectator, No. 61
(1881).
In the concluding chapter of his essay
Dr. du Toit compares the Taal with tho
Dutch patois spoken in the West Indies, of
which specimens are supplied in a recent
work by Prof. Hesseling ("Het Negerhollands
der Deense Antillen"), and finds a series
of instructive resemblances and differences.
The result of his examination is to confirm
him in the view already adopted both by
himself and Prof. Hesseling. that "the
Afrikander Taal was on (he iraif to become
a Creole dialect," but that its development
in thai direction was arrested. In tho
West Indian patois the process was com-
pleted. One oi the features common to
448
THE ATHENiEUM
N°4094, April 14, 1906
both, but loss marked in the Tanl, " is tho
omission of tho article, the conjunction, and
sometimes of tho relative pronoun." With
regard to this last Dr. du Toit says: " In
Afrikander this happens only in the speech
of the aborigines, and espocially in that of tho
Kaffirs." It may perhaps be pointed out
that this is a natural consequence of the
Zulu relative construction. Another idiom,
the collective baas-goet, meaning " the
mascer and those with him," may be com-
pared with tho Zulu collective plurals of
proper nouns, e.g., o Zatshuke =■ Zatshuke
and his people " (or " party," " family,"
&c, as the case may be). All the remarks
on pp. 103-7 as to tho Afrikaansch spoken
by Kaffirs should be carefully considored by
students of tho Bantu languages.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Messrs. Hurst & Blackett publish Six
Years at the Russian Court, by M. Eager,
a lady who appears to have been a nursery
governess from Ireland. Portions of it
have appeared as contributions to The
Leisure Hour. The life of the dependents
of a great Court is a life apart, in a world of
their own. Kings and queens are so cut
off from the ordinary possibilities of friend-
ship that they are much closer to their
servants than is usually the case in other
ranks of life. The English duke is like the
English humble clerk in being somewhat
aloof from the servant-life of Ins establish-
ment. The attitude of the old lady, in all
countries, towards her maid, and that of
the French ecclesiastic to his old cook-
housekeeper, are more on the footing of those
of kings and queens to their children's
governesses. On the other hand, the effect
of innumerable royal friendships on the
dependents themselves is almost invariably
the same. The book before us is exactly
what it was likely to be in such circumstances :
well worth reading for those who have time,
but not to be depended upon for a just view
of anything or anybody. The charming
sketches of the little Grand Duchess Olga,
especially that which faces p. 162, are in
themselves worth possessing, though we
doubt whether the young princess intended
her efforts for publication. Royal people,
however, have no reticence : they are as
fond of reading about themselves in the
newspapers as is a newly elected member
of Parliament. The author's view of Russia
may be conceived in advance. She says of
" the people " that " they are not capable
of guiding themselves. The little nursery
party in Tsarskoe Selo would be just as well
able to arrange their daily life without the
aid of ' grown-ups ' as are the Russians in
general." On the same page the author
tells us that Russia has made since emanci-
pation " gigantic strides towards civiliza-
tion. In the matter of higher education
for women she is well abreast of the times."
It is, however, to the Revolutionist that
this advance is due ; and the extraordinary
ability of the Russian women who havo
trained themselves at Zurich and in Paris
owes little to the Government or Court of
Russia for its development. Spasmodic
efforts there have been, no doubt. It is cha-
racteristic of the Russian Court and Govern-
ment that there should be ; but such spurts,
followed by hard repression, are not steps
for which the author could claim credit on
behalf of her late employers. It is some-
what shocking, when we remember what
has since happened, to read that " the
season of 1903 was exceptionally brilliant ;
the great event was the famous costumo
ball.... Tho Empress's dress," with imita-
tion antique ornaments made for the occa-
sion, " cost upwards of a million roubles,
more than a hundred thousand pounds of
our money."
Our author exhibits the customary weak-
nesses of such work as hers. When she
writes of her four Grand Duchesses from
birth to middle childhood she is interesting.
When she writes of Russia her observations
are somewhat fatuous ; and she has no
knowledge, either of Russia in particular or
of tho Continent in general, to form a basis
for observation. Her account of what she
calls " tho Greek Church " is strangely
wanting in information ; and the asser-
tion concerning the Orthodox Church of
Russia, that " Mass is sung in the vulgar
tongue," is not strictly accurate in fact, as
the archaic Slavonic language is one with
which the Russian Nonconformists or Old
Believers are alone familiar. The astonish-
ment twice expressed at those who have
business with the Imperial family, and are
not entitled to wear uniform, coming to the
palaces in " evening dress " displays a want
of acquaintance with the customs of the
world outside this country, even as known
in Paris. The repeated use of the phrase
" Heir Apparent " for " Heir Presumptive "
shows a certain want of familiarity with
cultivated forms of our own tongue. The
Russian title signifies, indeed, only " Heir " ;
and we should have thought that the author
would be familiar with it in the Court form
" le grand-due h6ritier." The account of
the Russian peasant's bath, which implies
that " warm water " (rather than hot air
and twigs) is the essential article, and the
account of the Russian land system, are
equally wide of the mark. The author
seems to think that the patches in the
village strips of land are received by the
peasant from the proprietor, instead of, as
is usual in almost all the Governments of
Russia, from the village itself. The peasants
regard themselves, with some justice, as the
real proprietors, and " the proprietor " as
a modern upstart, who dates only from the
time of the Empress Catherine.
The author disarms criticism in some
points by repeatedly explaining that she
knows hardly any Russian. But this should
have prevented her from translating in-
accurately— and indeed sometimes in varying
fashions, all of them incorrect — such Russian
words as Selo. Even towards the Cossacks
of the garrison of St. Petersburg and of the
Imperial Guard our author has not been
open-eyed. She speaks of them as having
two uniforms, one for " every day," and the
other " on holidays." The Sotnia of the
Cossacks of the Guard which wears the long
scarlet coat reaching to the feet is as
distinct from all the other Cossacks as is the
Sotnia which wears white lambskin. The
uniform of the Cossacks of the Don, which
is that of the majority of the Cossack popula-
tion of the empire — though only one out of
innumerable varieties of Cossack uniform —
is that which is distinguished by red cuffs.
At the May Day review specimens of all
kinds may be seen together in their glory.
One of the strangest of the many errors in
the book is the repeated use of the word
" mangolias."
An attractive volume of little stories, which
havo on the surface a simple or child mean-
ing, with a good deal of knowledge of Russia
for grown people behind it, is published by
Mr. William Heinemann under the title of
Serf Life in Ricssia. The stories are ascribed
to Alexandra de Holstein and Dora B.
Montefiore, and appear to be by the former,
with preface and some touching-up from
tho pen of the feminist writer whose name
stands second. They are, however, intensely
Russian.
Under the title By-paths in the Balkans
(Chapman & Hall) Capt. von Herbert has
put together a number of curious and inter-
esting chapters about gipsies and their
tongues and music, as well as remarks (less
new, and perhaps in some cases less accurate)
about all the Balkan languages and races.
Those who are interested either in Eastern
music or in gipsies will find the book worth
perusal. We differ from the following state-
ment, when we remember the work done by
the American missionaries and by Robert
College : —
" My Protestantism received a rude shock when
I discovered that in the Balkan Peninsula not one
Protestant sect is doing, or attempting to do, any
food, whether among the Orthodox, or among the
ews, or among the Moslems."
Our reviewer was provoked to laughter by
the statement about a doubtful Balkan
witness, that " his veracity was vouched
for by a dragoman of the Austrian Consulate."
The Librarian of the University of Toronto
and Messrs. Morang & Co. of that city pub-
lish, in the " University of Toronto Studies,"
the volume entitled Review of Historical Pub-
lications relating to Canada for the Year 1905.
It is edited, as usual, by Prof. George M.
Wrong and Mr. H. H. Langton. The volume
contains, as it always does, a great deal of
interesting information with regard to the
French Canadians and to racial problems in
the Dominion. But there is — by chance, no
doubt — less important matter than usual
bearing on Imperial questions of general
interest throughout the British Empire.
A dissertation on the English Craft
Cilds and the Government has been published
by Miss Stella Kramer in the Columbia
University " Studies in History, Economics,
and Public Law " (New York, Columbia
University Press). It appears to be the
work of a young student who lias read
widely and thought independently, but
stands in need of more systematic historical
training. The writer stands up boldly against
the doctrines of some well-known economic
historians, and in several of her contentions
has, we think, right on her side ; but she
cannot be said to have learnt how to put
her case effectively. She uses the inter-
rogative far too often in passages intended
to be argumentative, thus giving her con-
tentions an air of doubt winch she is far
from wishing to convey. Sometimes the ques-
tion is put to the reader and not answered ;
sometimes (and we have counted as many
as five successive sentences ending with a
mark of interrogation) the question is
addressed to the adversary in criticism of
his position. This rather lady-like weapon
of controversy can deal no very deadly blow.
The principal contention is that the craft
gilds continued to flourish throughout the
Tudor period, and that Tudor legislation
was directed, not to their injury, but only
to the removal of certain abuses of the
system. There was, in fact, no such " decay
of the craft gilds " under the influence of
hostile statutes as has commonly been sup-
posed. The best part of the paper is the
latter half, the work on the Tudor period.
The account of the mediaeval craft gilds
shows a somewhat meagre equipment, and,
as is commonly the case in youthful self-
training on the German method, the writer
is found to be familiar with the special theme,
and disproportionately ignorant of the subject
of which that theme forms part. To discover
the original of the text, "If a merchant
tlirove, so that he fared thrice over the sea
by his own means, then was he thenceforth
N° 4094, April 14, 1906
THE ATSENJlUM
449
of thegn-right worthy," we are referred to
Norton's ' Commentary ' ; the author further-
more calls this passage a " doom," and
ascribes it to the time of Athelstan. This
is but one example. Nevertheless, as the
firstfruits of a term of historical research,
the dissertation is welcome. Though a good
deal has been written on the subject of
craft gilds, much still remains to be done
before we shall have a teachable, incontro-
vertible account even of the bare outlines.
We hope that the present study may be
enlarged and carried forward.
The series of " Tudor Translations "
(Nutt) reaches its fortieth volume with the
present instalment — two volumes containing
reprints of the earliest versions in which
three of Machiavelli's most important works
were made known to English readers : White-
home's Arte of Warre, Bedingfeld's Floren-
tine Historie, and Dacres's The Prince. Mr.
Henry Cust contributes an Introduction, in
which he says gracefully much the usual
things about Machiavelli, Caesar Borgia,
' The Prince,' and so on, from which the
reader perceives that he has read Acton's
and Mr. Burd's Introductions to the latter's
edition of ' The Prince,' and probably Mr.
Morley's Romanes Lecture. There is also
some short account of the other works. We
could wish that the proportions had been
reversed. Information about ' The Prince '
is at every one's command nowadays ;
indeed, the treatise is short, and a certain
number of historical students, at any rate,
have read it through. Some, we make no
doubt, have at least sampled the histories.
But we should be surprised to learn that
more than half a dozen living Englishmen
have read a book of ' The Art of War ' ;
and yet there are passages in that work
which need to be taken into account before
Machiavelli's political and ethical position
can be accurately judged.
The texts might, we think, have been a
little edited. There can be no particular
object in reproducing the misprints of the
original — " Guibileo," " Piggibonsi," and
the like. Whether the Elizabethan or the
modern printer is responsible for " Mounsier
de Vhigni " we do not know ; but the reader
can hardly be severely blamed who fails to
detect " Ubigni " (Aubigny) under the odd
disguise. However, we must confess a
doubt as to how far these dainty books are
meant to be read. The mere fact that it
has not been thought worth while to furnish
them with an index shows that the interests
of students were not urgently present to the
minds of those who planned the series. We
wonder if Mr. Cust realizes that the person
called Leonardo Bruni on p. xli of his Intro-
duction is identical with the Aretino who
appears some ten pages later. The latter
name is generally used by English writers
to denote a very different personage.
'-.- Essays on Economics. By H. Stanley
Jevons. (Macmillan & Co.) — Those who
value the works of Prof. Jevons and knew
the man himself will be naturally interested
in the little volume of ' Essays on Economics'
by his son, Mr. H. Stanley Jevons. A
singular similarity in experience has occurred
both to father and son. Both, after receiv-
ing training and education in England, went
for a short period to Australia ; both, after
a short sojourn there, returned to England.
While Mr. Stanley Jevons was in Sydney
he delivered a course of lectures on economics
for the University Extension Board. This
course was the origin of the present work.
Mr. Jevons fortunately possesses a bright
and attractive style, and he has not ventured
too far on the wider course which might have
carried him on to subjocte too difficult to
place before the classes whom he addressed*
In the introductory chapter he explains the
method he has followed. He rightly begins
with the declaration that
' ' the means employed in obtaining knowledge of
the kind which is called economics is the scientific
or ' inductive ' method ; it is the same method as
that used in all other sciences, and indeed, with
modifications, the same as that by which knowledge
of every kind is acquired. "
It is pleasant and suitable to find him, when
advising students how to set to work,
recommending the study of his father's
' Principles of Science,' a work which has
hitherto scarcely received the recognition it
deserves. Naturally, from induction he
proceeds to deduction, and continues with a
paragraph which we wish those who con-
tinually express outspoken, but imperfectly
reasoned opinions on economic subjects
would take to heart : —
" The majority of mankind have little power cf
mathematical deduction, and know it, fortunately
for science. What so many fail to realise is that
they have equally little power of safe deduction in
any other branch of knowledge."
The hints that follow on the need of verifica-
tion and the study required to effect this are
valuable, and expressed with a clearness of
language which more experienced writers
might envy.
Throughout the volume the subjects dis-
cussed are illustrated by diagrams designed
with much ingenuity. If the reader tliinks
the illustrations to the ' Example of Intensity
and Amount of Pleasure,' ' Complex Periods
of Consumption,' and ' Intensity in Relation
to Quantity Consumed,' suitable only to
young students, he should remember that
the book is based on a course of lectures
which may have been delivered to a
juvenile audience, to whom the illustration
of the sensations of the pleasure " enjoyed by
a girl dancing at a ball, — one of the first to
which she has been invited, shall we say,
so that the novelty has not worn off," and
of the way in which " the change of intensity
of pleasure, during a period of consumption
of what is strictly one simple article, may
be ascertained " by the example of " a boy
eating chocolate," may have come home
with a force which more serious examples
might have failed to attain. The lines of
the Italian poet come to the mind in turning
over the pages : —
Cosl a 1' egro fanciul porgiamo aspersi
Di soavi licor gli orli del vaso,
Succhi amari, uiganiiato intanto eibeve,
K da 1' inganno suo vita riceve.
The process of instruction may not be so
completely attractive as the medicinal treat-
ment described by Tasso, but the reader
who can appreciate the admirable course
of instruction which is the basis of Mr.
Jevons's elementary effort will discover that
he has learnt how to apply and use good
methods of argument, and be rewarded by
finding that he has profited by the instruc-
tion.
We trust that Mr. Jevons will continue
to work on a subject to which a powerful
hereditary instinct has drawn him.
The Deep Sea's Toll. By James B.
Connolly. (Bickers & Son.) — The eight
stories contained in this volume are mostly
deserving of high praise. They show a
marked advance as compared with the
author's previous work. They also are
tales of ships and men out of Gloucester,
and excellent pictures they give of the arduous
exposed life of the Nortli American fisherman.
The tale of ' The Wicked Celestine,' a can-
tankerous craft that sailed like a witch on
her starboard tack and wallowed hatches
under when put about, is as good a pieco of
sea story as the roviewer has come upon in
many days. The Celestine performed the
miraculous feat of turning turtle and
righting herself in one prodigious roll,
while lying at a sea anchor off the George's
Shoals, when skipper and crew were below
perusing 'The Cloister and the Hearth.'
The top of the cabin stove fell off and burnt
the cabin roof, while the Celestine's deck
was swept clean, and a round turn of
cable was found to have been taken about
her bows—a magnificent dog-watch yarn.
Some stirring bits of fine seamanship are
described here. It is a healthy, stimulating
book, with the tang of salt air in every page.
The fellahin of Southern Syria, essentially
the same now as they were in the days of
Ruth, the same then as when Abraham
camped by Hebron, furnish the theme of
Peasant Life in the Holy Land, by the Rev.
C. T. Wilson (John Murray) ; and the author
has embalmed in his treatise something of
the sphinx-like fascination of their changeless
life. In the course of work as a missionary
he became well acquainted with the Christian
peasantry, more especially those adhering
to the old Greek, or Byzantine, Church of the
country. Of them, and of the village
customs, he writes with authority. The
chapters on domestic life and agriculture
offer a record of close personal observation,
detailed and mostly accurate, though quite
external. We tliink him a little too prone
to exclaim at divers phenomena of ignorance
and superstition, which are not peculiar to
the Holy Orthodox Church or the Ottoman
Empire. The children's game of rolling
" pace-eggs," played at Easter, is not the
only Syrian practice that has its counterpart
in rural England. Mr. Wilson errs, we
believe, in denying the antiquity of the
cufieh as a headdress. He makes foxes raid
vineyards " when the grapes are ripe,"
whereas the predilection of foxes — Syrian
foxes, at any rate — is for sour grapes. But
so long as he keeps to his subject he is trust-
worthy and most interesting.
It is only when he quits his own subject
to indulge in speculations or a general
view that he stumbles. The story of the
sly khatib bears evidence of a Christian origin.
The nightly feast is part of the institution of
Ramadan — not a mere reaction, as he seems
to imply. More is known of the Druzo
religion than he imagines. The calf-worship
story is pure calumny. The initiated are
called not " Ulema," but " Ucal."
Mr. Wilson is too fond of airing his Arabic ;
he knows no rule in transliterating, and
when he offers an explanation, it is not
invariably the right one. For example,
klidtarak, given as the form of leave-taking,
is only a slovenly way of saying bi khdtarak,
which means not " What is your will ? " but
" In your good pleasure " (" I depart,"
understood). The Arabic word minaret is
emphatically not " incorrect " as applied to
the muezzin's spire.
Liverpool Banks and Bankers, 1760-1837.
By John Hughes. (Liverpool, Young &
Sons.) — Mr. Hughes, in compiling a con-
nected account of the origin and progres
of the private banks which preceded the
foundation of the great joint-stock concorns
in Liverpool, has brought together a largo
amount of interesting and valuable infor-
mation. One cannot but be impressed b
the careful resoarcli which must have been
requisite in order to collect the mass of
detail that is laid before the reader. Mr.
Hughes has rocoverod particulars of a
number of privato banking housos which have
been entirely overlooked by provious writers
on Liverpool history, and in many instances
he corrects mistakes of earlier workers.
150
Til E A Til KX/KCM
N JW1, Avuu. 14, 1906
1 1 1 • l 1, than !■ monotony in thi intly
recurring oorreotiona of tatementi made in
Pioton'i 'Memorials'; and eo far m «re
can iodge, Mr. Hu justified
in making theee corrections. One ia tempted
express th<- 1 1< >j >• > that if a fresh edition
of Pioton's book is ever brought oul Mr.
Hugh - may have ■ hand m the editing.
The feature in Mr. Hughes's book thai
■trikes ii- moal ia the melancholy succession
of oommeroial d Hank after bank
-. flourishes for a few years, and then
Suspends payment. It is <lillienlt now to
reali/.e the state of insecurity and lack of
public confidence that marked the opening
years of the nineteenth century, and one
appreciates the immense strides that com-
merce has made during tho last hundred
years in tho direction of stability.
Tho volumo is so carefully prepared and
so thorough that it seems almost ungracious
to complain of tho minuteness of detail;
but at times this becomes rather tedious,
and, however much it may interest tho
genealogist, the ordinary reader could have
spared such an item of information as that
' during the mayoralty of Thomas Smyth
his daughter was married, 24th May, 1700,
at Childwall, to John Johnson, of London."
On the other hand, wo should like to have
seen a fuller account of the methods of the
early bankers, and, if possible, the details
of some of their actual transactions. Mr.
Hughes writes in a pleasant style, though he
occasionally degenerates into slovenliness,
and is guilty of such sentences as " Bold
Street was commenced to be laid out in
1786." The book is well printed and illus-
trated, and includes a number of interesting
portraits of Liverpool worthies, some of
which have never before been reproduced.
A neat, well-printed edition of the great
Dumas's works is always welcome, and we
anticipate a wide success for the issue of The
Three Musketeers, 2 vols., and Twenty Years
After, 2 vols., just sent to us by Messrs.
Dent. Fortunate are those who have the
pleasure of reading these inimitable stories
for the first time, and once started, they
will not need the encomiums of the eminent
supplied in the Introductory Note to the
former. The translation is fluent and easy,
and the printing comes from the United
States, as is evident from the spellings
"honor" and "favors." The few illustra-
tions provided are creditable work.
Book-lovers of taste will rejoice in the
luxurious edition of Byron's Don Juan, in
two volumes, which has been sent to us by
Mr. A. L. Humphreys. It is of ample size,
9£ inches by 7 and belongs to tho " Chef
d'ceuvre " series of the " Royal Library,"
which is we^ll known by this time for the
excellence of its print and paper. We fancy
that in the boudoirs of to-day Byron will
go further than Marcus Aurelius. Hut, if
the philosophor has more than a succes
d'estime, the poet can hardly nowadays
cause a succes de seandale. Mr. Humphreys
should create, if not a zeal for masterpieces,
an appreciation of the details of present-
ment which make reading a pleasure, even
to tho overtaxed and the idle.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
K N (; LIS II.
Theology.
Bolo (H.), The Beatitudes, 8/8 net.
Bouffier (<;.), The Annual ftetreal : Meditations, 8/8
Crockett (\v. D.), The Books of the Kings of Judah and
Israel, .v net.
Hadloyts. II.), Down in Water Street : a Story of Life and
Work in water Street Mission. 8/8 net
Kempis (T. a), The Chronicles of the Canons Regular of
.Mount st. Agnes, •'■' net
Mitchell (Kfv. A. V.). How to Teach t lie Bible, '_' I', net.
Richmond w.), The Gospel of the Rejection, v a
■
Tin i I
:
llollr I I
London Album ol Col
K. ■iiii.r.ni.it. Part ii i
Tod (M. N.)and Waci \ talogue of the Sp
Museum, 10 ■'■ net
/■
ii ,\ \ View of the English 81 i i>\ W. 8.
Hick (Q W.) Kmailholm Towi
Hyde (D.), I ii<- Religious Hongs ■ •( Connacht - role.,
10 net
"i rrington (W. II. II.), Ceeleutia, and other Australian
Poems, :t •'■
Philosophy.
i j.), Greek 1 heories "f Elemental1) < lognition from
Alcmieon to Aristotle, IS 8 net
History and Biography,
Boyd I \. >). Glasgow .Men and Women, B0 net
Brad) (U T.), 1 be l rue Andre* Jackson, 10 8 net
BuellCA I i rhe Memoirs of C H. Cramp, 8 net
L), Henry vin. and the English Monasteries,
- 8 net
Olirer (F. Scott), Alexander Hamilton: an Essay on
■ ican Union, 12 o net.
Rhys (J.) and Brynmor-Jonee (D.), The Welsh People,
' Fourth Edition. .">, net.
Robinson (J. H), Readings in European History,
VoL 11.,"/
Geography ami Travel.
Abbott (<<■ I'), Through India with the Prince, 12 6 net.
U'a Ouide to London for i'.hkj, <mi.
Comyn-Platt (T.), The Turk in the Balkans, 3,0
Dry(WA Northamptonshire, 2/8 net
Howe (M.), Two in Italy, 7,0 net.
Philology,
Andreas, and The Kates of the Apostles, edited hy G. P.
Krapp, 8 6
Deinhardt - Sehlomann Technical Dictionaries in Six
Languages, hy K. Deinhardt and others : Vol. I. The
Machine- Elements and Tools for Working in Metal,
5/ net.
School Books.
Byron, C'hilde Harold's Pilgrimage, Cantos III. and IV., l
Eustoire d' Aladdin, edited By L. A. Barbe, 1 8
Philips' Model Atlas, 1/ net.
Purser (F.), Elementary Geometry based on Euclid's
Elements, 2/6
Science.
Bolsche (W.), Haeckel, his Life and Work, 15/ net.
Buckmaster (G. A.), The Morphology of Normal and Patho-
logical Blood, 10/6 net.
Ebbard (K. J.), Mental Depression, 2/6 net
(irotli (P.), An introduction to Chemical Crystallography,
translated by EL .Marshall, 4/ net.
Hardy (G. P.). Memorandum on the Age Tables and Rates
of Mortality of the Indian Census of 1901, 1/2
May (C. H.) and Worth (C), A -Manual of Diseases of the
Eye, 10, 0 net
Perrigo (U. E.), Modern Machine -Shop Construction:
Equipment, 21/ net.
Quinton (K.), Science and the Manufacturer, 1 net
Royal Statistical Society, Journal, Vol. LX1X. Part I.. G
Sniith (J. D.), Economic Entomology for the Farmer, &c,
10/8 net.
Walter (A. E.), X-Rays in General Practice, 5/ net.
General Literature.
Anstey (F.), Salted Almonds, 6/
Becke (LA The Adventun s of a Supercargo, 6/
College of Preceptors, Calendar, 1900, -j 8
Country Gentlemen's Estate Book, 1906, edited by W,
BroomhalL
Cutting (M. S.), Little Stories of Married Life.;.
Dent's Everyman's Library: Dum.is's Three Musketeers ;
The Plays Of Euripides, VoL I. ; Butler's Analogy of
Religion ; Lockhart's Life of Scott : New Testament,
arranged by Principal Lindsay; Robinson Crusoe;
Lyrical Dramas of Ksehylus, translated byj. s. Blackie;
The Mabinogion, translated by Lady Guest and other
Volumes, 1, net each.
Diehl(A. M.), Love -with Variations, 6/
Donovan du, TnurtelTs (rime, 6
Emanuel (VV.), Paris, A Frolic, i/net
Forbes (Lady II.), Lady Marion and the Pint.., -rat, 6
Fysher(J.), A Mornynee Remembrance.
Holstein(A. dOand Montetiore (D. B.), Self Life in Russia,
8/8
Howard (K.), Our John, M.l'., l net
Middlemass (J.), A Veneered Scamp, 6/
Murai (G.), ((ideal of .Music : the Tale of Ak.n.i, 8 6 net
Noel ii'.). lie Labour Party: What It Is, and What It
Wants, i net
Proceedings of the Southport Literary and Philosophical
Society, Vol. \ ,, L9W ...
Questions of the Day: The Congo, i
swift (J.). Gullivers Travels, Prefatorj Memoir by <■.
Saintsbur) , - vola 6 net
Theobald (IL). A Guide to Income and Property Tax, Assess-
ment and Recover) . 8 6 net
Universal Investment Tables, 1906, 2/6 net
VachollUL A). The Face of Clay, 6
Vaidys (G. 1 .). The Riddle of the Ramayana, 8 net
W'alpole(G. ii. s.), Personality and Power, 2/8 net
Watt (ID, Home-made History from Unreliable Recipes,
net.
White (P.). Mr. John Strood, 6/
Whithard (P. ), George's whims.
w ends (D. w.), John Witherspoon, 6 net
I- <) R BIG N.
Theol
Benattar (OA Sebait(El lladi), and Ettealbi (A), L'fisprit
Libera) du Coran.
I
I
'iptofeg
I' I
Lambeau (L.), BiMiolh*«jue ilu Vieux Pari*: La Vimr*
■ ■ >«mr, lifr
l.rtL loin.
Moure (i \ l: •, .i.l, i»fr.
Inn inn.
im.t (G.), Etude- d. . 1888-190L
•j. rola Tfr.
/v.
<;.iulti.-r (J. d n red* iUmm, ttt, 60.
II .III/.
i ii net i.
Duraad-Auzias, L'f£poque de laT< B quetnaor*, «f.
II • ■ ! \ I I I ';U.
iriij.l,,/ n,vi Tm
Donn. GA De l'Al I jue par la Pampa e»
lea And.-, .if r. 60.
Orappe(G u i Pierres d'Oxford, ltr,
Lancranon (P.), De la Mer bleoe an Mont Blanc, lOfr.
i' ion.
Bonncci (A), La Derogabilita del Diritto N'aturale nell*
Seolastiia, 6L
Langlois (C. v., Questions d'Histoire et d'Enseienement
3fr. rJ>.
/'hilology.
Recke(B. ran der), Nogle Folkeviseredactioner.
Science.
Fasbender(H.), Geechichte der Qebmrtehulta, 25m.
General Literature.
Abeille (L.), Marine Frangaise et Marines Etraneere*
Bfr. so.
Bandin (P.), Points de Vue francais, 3fr. 50.
i A. du), La Candide Trihu des " Adorateurs de
Cuistres," lfr.
Didier ((.".), L'Orgie Bihlique : David, 3fr. 50.
Noel (A.), Histoire de Gervaiae, Mr. 50.
Reibrach (J.), La Houle, 3fr. 50.
Saint- Aulaire (Comte A. de), Grezels, 1792-5, 3fr. 50.
Saint-Point (V. de), Cn Amour, 3fr. 50.
Siegfried (A.), Le Canada : Les Deux Races, 4fr.
*»* All Books received at the Office up to Wednesday
Morning irill be included in this List unlets preciously
noted. Publishers are requested to state vriees tchen
sending Books.
JOHN FOXE AND THE EDITIO
PRIXCEPS OF DANTE'S ' DE
MONARCHIA.'
Fiveways, Burnham, Bucks.
In the year following the accession of
Queen Mary, John Foxe, sometime Fellow
of Magdalen College, Oxford, left England,
and joined the Protestant refugees in Ger-
many. In 1555 he went to Basle, where he
found emploj'ment as a reader of the press
in the printing office of the Protestant pub-
lisher Johannes Oporinus (Johann Herbst).
In 1559, while Foxe was still at Basle,
Oporinus published a small volume (now
exceedingly rare), containing a collection of
five tracts concerning the relations of the
Empire and the Papacy, in which was in-
cluded (second on the list ) ' Dantis Floren-
tini de Monarchia Libri Tres.' now printed
for the lirst time. It is by no means im-
probable that this volumo was seen through
the press by Foxe. At any rate, Foxe was
acquainted with the ' De Monarchia,' for
he quotes it (though not by name) in his
■ Book, of Martyrs.' Speaking of Dante,
whom he describes as ' an Italian writer
against the pope," he says : " Oertayne of
his writ mixes be extant abroadf. wherein
he proveth the pope not to be above the
Emperour, nor to have any right or juris-
diction in t\\c empyre." This is an un-
doubted reference to Dante's arguments in
the tenth chapter oi the third book of the
' De Monarchia.' Further, Foxe was cer-
tainly familiar with this very volume, for
in the paragraph following the above passage
he continues : —
•' Hereunto may l>e added the saying out of tho
boke of Jornandns, imprinted with the foresayd
Runes, that forsomuoh as Antichrist oommeth not
before the destruction of the Empire, therefore
such as go about to have the empire extinct, are
Forerunners, and messengers in so doing of Anti-
christ."
N° 4094, April 14, 1906
THE ATHENJEUM
451
The work here referred to as " the boke
of Jornandus " is evidently the ' Chronica
M. Iordanis, Qualiter Romanum Imperium
translatum sit ad Germanos ' (the fourth
of the tracts contained in the volume in
question), in which (on p. 225) occurs the
original of the passage cited by Foxe : —
"Item nota, quod cum Antiehristus venturus
non sit, nisi prius imperium destruatur, indubit-
anter omnes illi qui ad hoc dant operam, ut non
sit imperium, quantum ad hoc, sunt prrecursores et
nuncii Antichristi."
It thus came about, by a curious combina-
tion of circumstances, that Dante's ' De
Monarchia ' first saw the light in the guise
of a Reformation tract, and was in all pro-
bability corrected for the press by an
Englishman, an Oxford scholar, one of the
most ardent followers of that " leader "
whose name Dante was supposed, by certain
enthusiasts, to have prophetically anagram-
matized in his prediction of the advent of
the veltro (lvtero).
Five years after its publication by Oporinus
' Dantis Monarchia ' was placed on the
' Index Librorum Prohibitorum ' promul-
gated by order of Pope Pius IV. in 1564, at
the close of the Council of Trent. In the
same list, among the " scriptores, qui aut
haeretici, aut nota hseresis suspecti fuerunt,
quorum scripta, non edita solum sed edenda
etiam prohibenda sunt," figure the names of
" Joan. Foxus " and " Joan. Oporinus."
Paget Toynbee.
FROUDE'S 'NEMESIS OF FAITH.'
Bombay.
Since the story of the burning of Froude's
famous book has again turned up, it may in-
terest some to know Froude's own account of
it, which has been exaggerated into a regular
myth in our own doubting and scientific
age. Max Miiller, who was a close friend
of Froude at Oxford and throughout his
life, gives the account, and says that he had
it from Froude at the time (that is, 1849)
the incident occurred. It may be quoted
here, as, though the book, ' Auld Lang Syne,'
is well known, I have not seen .this particular
passage referred to anywhere. " What
really happened," says he, in the first series
of his reminiscences,
"was, as I was informed at the time by Froude
himself, no more than that one of the tutors (Dr.
Sewell) spoke about the hook at the end of one of
his college lectures. He warned the young men
against the hook, and asked whether anybody had
read it. One of the undergraduates produced a
copy which belonged to him. Dr. Sewell con-
tinued his sermonette, and warming with his sub-
ject, he finished by throwing the hook, which did
not belong to him, into the tire, at the same time
stirring the coals to make them burn. Of wlia!
followed there are two versions. Dr. Sewell, when
lie had tinished, asked his class, ' Now, what have
I done ? ' ' You have burned my copy,' the owner of
the book said in a sad voice, 'and *I shall have to
buy a new one' The other version of the reply
was, ' You have stirred the lire, sir.' And so it
was."— 'Auld Lang Syne,' First Series, pp. 7ti -77.
The owner of the copy thus burnt was Arthur
Blomfield, afterwards rector of Beverston,
m Gloucestershire (' Diet. National Biography,'
vol. li. p. 290). |{. I'. Karkaria.
LYTTON'S 'JOHN ACLAND.'
\ Dk'Kknstan throws OUt, in The Athe-
nceum of March LOth, the interesting hint
that n new edition of Dickens's Lett I
would be welcome. I should be glad of an
opportunity of supporting the I ion,
and adding the hope that the edition will
include those letters to Wilkie Collins which
have hitherto been accessible in a separate
volume only. It would be better still were
the whole edition judiciously annotated,
inasmuch as many of the allusions are now
followed with some difficulty, or, to the
uninitiated, are a complete mystery.
One of these has lately exercised the minds
of Dickens students to an unwonted degree.
It is the letter in which the novelist, as editor
of All the Year Round, explained to the
Hon. Robert Lytton why he could not
continue the publication of his story ' John
| Acland ' as originally projected. Dickens's
letter was peculiarly apologetic in tone, and
manifestly he desired to salve Lytton's
wounded feelings : though obviously he had
no alternative but to discontinue a story
which he discovered " had been done before."
But here follows the bewildering series of
facts. The story of ' John Acland,' begun
in 1869, was of a man mysteriously mur-
dered by his closest friend, his body untraced,
his probable reappearance in the flesh sug-
gested, the corpse ultimately discovered in
an ice-house, and identity established by
means of a watch. It is at once apparent
that this plot closely resembles in outline
the plot of ' Edwin Drood.' Yet Dickens,
finding the story had been " done before,"
stopped Lytton's story in 1869, and six
months later began a similar one himself !
On this the following queries arise : —
1. What was the original story that was
so like Lytton's 'John Acland,' and where
is it to be found ?
2. Are the parallels such as to suggest
that Lytton copied from that story, or are
they merely coincidences ?
3. Has any explanation been given why
Dickens, knowing Lytton's work and aware
of its similarity to another story, should at a
later period decide to deal with the same
theme ? J. Cuming Walters.
*** We insert our correspondent's letter,
but we cannot publish guesses at the plot
of 'Edwin Drood,' which has been amply
discussed elsewhere.
"THAT TWO-HANDED ENGINE AT
THE DOOR."
New York.
A crux in literary exegetics has been the
passage in Milton's ' Lycidas ' with which
St. Peter closes his denunciation of the
faithless and self-indulgent shepherds : —
Rut that two handed engine at the door
Stands ready to smite once, and smite no more.
I havo not seen any clear exposition of it.
Masson says : —
"The last two lines of the passage are the most
ohseure. There is the powerful image of some
' two-handed engine ' at the door of the corrupted
Churoh, soon to smite it iii, as with the blow of an
axe or battering ram. But what is the implement,
and is it about to he wielded by the hands of one
attacking figure, as ail axe or two-handed sword
would be, or to be propelled by the joint force of
many? On the whole, if the image is a Biblical
one. we are referred, 1 think, to the first three
chapters of the Book of Revelation, where St. John
sees the awful vision of 'one like unto the Son of
Man," and receives from him the messages to the
Seven Churohes of .Asia. Part of the description
of the divine figure is that 'he had in his right
hand seven stars,' and that ' out of his mouth went
a sharp two-edged sword.' "
Masson dovelopos this suggestion, and,
like other scholars, sees the application, or
prophecy, of the figure in the fact that a
few years Inter " the doors of the Church of
England were dashed in " by the " English
Parliament with its two Houses."
Text hooks that I have seen follow Masson,
but it appoars to mo that they havo quito
missed the Biblical reference. The point of
the denunciation is that these hirelings were
the clergy of the Church. It is " at the
door " of their temple that the " two-handed
engine " stands, ready to smite — not neces-
sarily, nor probably, to smite the door, but
to smite the false shepherds.
The reference must be a Biblical one. It
cannot well be that of the Son of Man, with
His sword in His mouth, and seven stars in
His hand. Such a reference is, as every one
sees, forced and incongruous. And it does
not explain the position of the engine " at
the door." Neither can it well be the angel
who guarded the gate of the Garden of Eden,
for. his purpose was not to smite, but to
protect the tree which might otherwise give
immortality. There is, however, another
Biblical passage which seems to me com-
pletely to meet the exigency. Why it has
escaped the commentators it is not easy to
explain.
In Ezekiel viii. the prophet denounces
the abominations practised in the Temple
at Jerusalem. He is carried (verse 3) " to
the door of the gate of the inner court,"
where was " the seat of the image of Jealousy,
that provoketh to jealousy." Jehovah
shows him " the great abominations that
the house of Israel do commit here, that I
should go far off from my sanctuary." He
then shows the Prophet " other great
abominations " : the idols painted on the
walls ; the seventy, " every man with his
censer in his hand " ; then, " at the door of
the gate of Jehovah's house," the " weeping
for Tammuz " ; then " into the inner court
of Jehovah's house," where he is shown the
five-and-twenty men worshipping the sun.
And Jehovah says (verse 18): "Therefore
will I also deal in wrath ; mine eye shall not
spare, neither will I have pity."
Chap. ix. 1, 2, describes the divine ven-
geance : —
" Then he cried with a loud voice saying, Cause
ye them to have charge over the city to draw near,
every man with his destroying weapon in his hand.
And behold six men came from the way of the
upper gate, which lieth toward the north, every
man with his slaughter- weapon in his hand
And they went in, and stood beside the brazen
altar. "
■ The slaughter- weapon is translated in the
margin, by the Revisers, " battle axe " as
the definition of the Hebrew words kJi'li
mappdts. The Septuagint translates it ireAv£,
a kind of axe. The prophet goes on to tell
of the man with the writer's inkhorn who
was to put a mark on the foreheads of " the
men who sigh and cry over all the abomina-
tions " ; and then to the avenging angels
Jehovah says : —
"(Jo ye through the city and smite: let not
your eye spare, neither have ye pity : slay utterly
the old man, the young man and the virgin, and
little children and women : but come not near any
man on whom is the mark ; and begin at My sane
tuary. And they began at the old men that were
before the house.''
Here we have the precise parallel — the
priests of the Temple with their abominations,
the anger of Jehovah, His vengeanco, and
the weapon of slaughter, or battle-axe, a
" two-handed engine," and " at the door " ;
for the command was " Begin at My sanctu-
ary," with "the men that were before the
house." The word mappdts occurs only
In iv in the Old Testament, and once (with
a change of vowel) in Jer. li. 20, where it is
translated " battle axe " in the text and
" maul " in the margin of the Revised
Version. Probably maul is to be preferred
to batth 'w/.iv, but in either case it is a " two-
handed " weapon. The word " engine "
easily applies to a battle-axe or a maul, con-
sidering that Do Foe calls arrows and clubs
" engines of war " ; and Popo oven applies
452
T IT E A T n E N JE U M
N°4094, April 14, 1006
tho word to a pair of scissor*, in his ' Rape
of tho Lock.' It cnrrrnponds to tli<< word
"destroying uYopon," "slaughter (battle-
axe) weapon," Hebrew WW. The Vulgate
ho* " viim intcrftvtionin," " vaa interitus."
With Milton's " two-handed engino " may
bo oompared Spenser's "three-larked en-
gino " at applied to the lightning's " dart "
(' Faery Queen,1 I. viii. 9).
It may be added that with this explana-
tion of tho poet's meaning it will not bo
necessary to imagine any forced and prophetic
alhtsion to the coming breaking of tho door
of tho Church by " the two Houses of Parlia-
ment."
Tho expression " smite once, and smite
no more," had another Biblical reminiscence.
Milton recalled, doubtless, tho words of
Abishai to David when they found Saul
lying asleep and unguarded in his camp :
' God hath delivered up thine enemy into
thine hand this day : now therefore let me
smite him, I pray thee, with the spear to the
earth with one stroke, and I will not smite
him the second time."
William Hayes Ward
(Editor of The Independent, New York City).
%* For the convenience of readers we
add the abstract of interpretations which
is given in the excellent edition of Milton
by Prof. M. W. Sampson (New York, Henry
Holt). The two-handed axe used eight
years later to behead Archbishop Laud
(Warton), the two Houses of Parliament
(Masson), the sword of justice (Verity), and
the axe that " is laid unto the root of the
tree," Matt. iii. 10 (Newton), are all suggested
for this difficult passage.
As for Mr. Ward's explanation, we note
that the word used in Ezek. ix. 2 is mappdtz,
but it is clearly a " nomen actionis," the
term keli (instrument) preceding it, and the
whole making an " instrument of shattering."
In Ezek. ix. 1 the word is not used. In
Jer. li. 20 the form mappitz (not ''mappatz")
is used, and there it clearly .means a "war-
club," or some sort of battle-axe, though
metaphorically applied to persons. There
is nothing in the word itself to suggest the
idea of two handled," the root-meaning
being that of shattering.
Mr. Percy Fitzgerald contributes a
paper to the May issue of Chambers's
Journal upon ' Other Times, Other
Manners,' in which he contrasts the days
of ' Pickwick ' with our own. Mr. George
Clinch writes on ' English Antiquities,
Genuine and Spurious,' and Dr. R. T.
Halliday in ' The Bulwark of our Indian
Empire ' describes the military defences
of the Indian frontier.
Dr. Jamieson Hurry, the author of an
exhaustive ' History of Reading Abbey,'
is about to publish, through Mr. Elliot
Stock, a smaller work, entitled ' The Rise
and Fall of Reading Abbey.' It will give
extracts from ancient documents, and
illustrations of seals, coins, charters, and
plans, as well as of the building and its
sun oundings.
Dr. Stanley Lane-Poole has revised
his history of ' Mediaeval India ' for the
new edition which Mr Unwin is about to
publish.
The Author for April contains an account
and criticism of the decision of Judge
Sanborn. <>f Chicago, respecting abandon-
ment of copyright in the east of oarpei
& Brothera v. M. A. Donohue & Co., in
regard to the reprinting by the defend*
ants of ' The Ma^pieiadcr,' which is the
novel known in England as ' John Chiloote,
M.1V It is a long and elaborate case,
which should be studied by all who arc-
concerned witli book rights in the United
States.
Mr. T. E. Maw writes from the Stanley
Public Library, King's Lynn : —
" I should liko to draw the attention of
publishers to the occasional difficulty experi-
enced by librarians and others in identifying
some books which havt* lost thoir cover and
titlo-page. In many instances the record of
author and titlo appears on tho titlo-page
only, the page headings being either the
name of parts into which the book is divided
and tho chapter headings, or chaptor head-
ings only. It would be an easy matter to
print the name of author and short title at
foot. of tho first page of each sheet, near the
signature, and thus save either loss of much
time or possible loss of identity."
A vacation course is again to be held
in Edinburgh University this August.
The foreign lecturers who have been
secured are : for French, first course,
Profs. Ranees (Paris) and Paul Besson
(Grenoble) ; second course, Profs. Paul
Passy (Paris), Legbuis (Paris), and
H. Hauvette (Grenoble) : for German,
first course, Director F. Dorr (Frank-
fort), Prof. Elster (Marbourg), and
Dr. Behrend (Berlin) ; second course,
Dr. I. Freund (St.. Andrews), and
Prof. Vietor (Marbourg). Signor Agno-
letti will lecture on Italian ; and Mr.
Aclolphus Jack; Prof. Henry Sweet, Prof.
Kirkpatrick, Prof, Elton, and Mr. W. L.
Carrie will give courses in English.
Mr. Edwin Collins Frost writes from
11, Arnold Street, Providence, R.I. : —
" In a review of Mr. Livingston's ' Auction
Prices of Books ' in The Athenaeum of
March 10th, p. 295, col. 2, it is said that the
recently discovered copy of ' Titus Androni-
cus,' 1594 (misprinted 1574), was sold pri-
vately to Mr. Marsden J. Perry, of this city.
This error is so prevalent that I feel that it
ought not to be allowod to receive the seal
of so high an authority as your columns.
Since I am at present engaged in preparing
a catalogue of Mr. Perry's Shakspearean
library, I am in a position to give you positive
assurance that he did not buy the quarto
in question, though he doubtless would
have done so had it been offered to him first.
It is true, howover, that the volume is in
this country. But the purchaser seems to
prefer that his identity should not at present
bo known. I happen myself to have learnt
tho secret, but see no reason for betraying
it. If Mr. Livingston had been acquainted
with all tho facts of tho case, it is possible
that he might have mentioned the transac-
tion, as your reviewer says that lie should
have done. Ho told me, however, not very
long before tho publication of tho last volume
of his book, that ho was as ignorant of the
purchaser's identity as I myself then was."
4 The Secret of the Ivory Room,' a
story by Mary C. Rowsell, will be issued
in the course of this year by Messrs.
Tillotson, of Bolton. The scene is laid
in Northern France during the time of
the Terror. i
Mi: -J. EL Hubback writes with r<
to la-t week - nothe of 'Jane Austen's
Sailor Brother! ' : —
" I should like- to mention that our
instance of inaction during a naval blockade
is limited to the period of Lord St. Vino
command oti Cadi/ in 17'js 9. According
t" Prancii An tan'i log, the- London mm
boramonget the fleet for we. ther,
and one cannot study the record without
og that it was necessary to arrange
employinenti for the crew, as there seems
to have been no 'rowing guard,' or other
boat-work as a rule. ( )f course, the Boulogne
blockade of 1804 and that which culminated
at Trafalgar were entirely different ; no long
inaction then
M. Emile Bailliere contributes to
the Bibliographie de la France for Saturday
last a notice of Desire Dumoulin, who
died on March 29th, and whose signature
for thirty years has appeared on that pub-
lication. M. Dumoulin was a printer of
taste and experience. Born in 1830, he
took up the management of a printing
office in Paris in 1857. In 1863 he
became head of the " Bureau des Im-
pressions " of the Librairie Hachette. In
1865 he was called to direct the printing
of the celebrated Ambroise Firmin-Didot,
and for a period of ten years saw some
notable publications issued by that house.
In 1876 he joined M. Pillet in a printing
firm which produced some fine work.
M. Pillet retired in 1886, and for fourteen
years Dumoulin conducted alone the
business which is now in the hands of an
accomplished son.
Alexander Kielland, whose death
was reported on the 7th inst, as the result
of a heart attack, was a well-known
Norwegian writer. He was born in Sta-
vanger in 1849, a town he chose as the
scene of many of his stories. He wrote
ten or twelve novels which gained him
a high reputation in Norway. Two have
appeared in an English translation. In
1891 he retired from literary life, at the
height of his popularity, and became
mayor of his native town. His works
generally attack prevalent conserva-
tive ideas, whilst his background is
the varied life in the seaports of South-
western Norway, with the many influences
from the world outside, or the desolate
region of Ja?deren, the moorland by the
sea. Only last year he began publishing
again with an historical sketch of Napoleon,
which, however, was coldly received by the
critics.
SCIENCE
MEDICAL BOOKS.
Lectures on Tropical Disease* : being the
Lane Lectures for 1905. By Sir Patrick
Manson. (Constable & Co.) — The author
has done a service to the public by
printing the lectures on tropical diseases
which he delivered at San Francisco in
August, 1905. They should be read by
every one who is intending to go to a tropical
country, even if it be only on an expedition
to shoot big game. They tell of the mode
in which some of the common diseases in
hot climates are transmitted, and of the
simple means by wluch they may be avoided.
N° 4094, Apeil 14, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
453
Those who are not intending to leave Eng-
land may read the lectures for the fascination
of the stories, and for the insight they give
into the mysteries of nature and the mar-
vellous manner in which means are adapted
to an end in the animal economy. To the
general practitioner of medicine many of
the facts will be new, and Sir Patrick Hanson's
lectures will 'show how much has still to be
learnt in diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treat-
ment. The publication of the lectures must
necessarily silence criticism as to the need
for special schools of tropical medicine and
the advantage of establishing such centres
for the teaching of young medical men who
are going to practise their profession in the
tropical parts of the Empire.
The lectures do not deal systematically
with tropical diseases, but various isolated
subjects are taken, in many of which Sir
Patrick Manson has been himself a pioneer
in gaining knowledge. Each subject is
treated with the wealth of detail and the
picturesqueness of expression which are only
possible for a masterly exponent, and
which add greatly to the' pleasure of
reading. The stories of the Anchylostomum
which causes tropical anaemia, of the guinea
worm, of the lung fluke, of the Bilharzia,
and of the filaria are all well told. The gaps
in our present knowledge of their life-history
are indicated, and the points which still
need investigation are thus made clear.
A lecture is devoted to malaria, and con-
siderable pains are taken to show that every
fever contracted in the tropics is not of
malarial origin. Much information is given
about the sleeping sickness which is threat-
ening to depopulate Tropical Africa. The
disease is spreading so steadily that Sir
Patrick Manson expresses a well-founded
fear that it may invade Tropical Asia, and
it will then be a matter of vital importance
to our Indian Government, for its ravages
are not confined to the native races. Con-
siderable space is given to kala - azar, a
disease which is marked by enlargement of
the spleen and liver, anaemia, recurring fever,
and a fatal issue after several months, or
it may be one or two years. The latter part
of the book is devoted to the diagnosis and
treatment of tropical fevers, and there is a
final chapter dealing with some of the pro-
blems of tropical medicine, and especially
yellow fever. The book is illustrated with
photomicrographs of many of the parasites
which cause the diseases described.
Confessions of an English Doctor. (Rout-
ledge & Sons. ) — The title of this book invites
comparison with that by Veresaef called
1 The Confessions of a Physician,' which we
reviewed on September 17 th, 1904, but the
resemblance goes no further. The unplea-
sant details of the Russian work are for-
tunately absent from this somewhat prolix
collection of experiences of an English doctor.
The appropriateness of the title is open to
question : impressions " rather than " con-
fessions ' ' would better convey the scope of
the book. The utility of books of this kind
must surely be very limited : they possess
little or no interest for the general public,
and they can hardly attract the medical
reader. No doubt the author is a man of
wido and varied experience, but the impres-
sion conveyed throughout is that ho does
not hold a very lofty view of the aims and
w6rk of his profession.
In the first part of the book the author
gives a brief account of his course as a
medical student, embellished with a rather
uninteresting description of a few types of
men associated with him during that period.
^ The book seems to be pervaded by the idea
that a medical practitioner should_adopt a
special manner, and should cultivate good
feelings rather with an eye to the main
chance than from higher or purer motives.
In the chapter called ' The Secrets of Success'
the writer suggests that simple right conduct
is not possible in the medical profession.
With this we entirely disagree, as we do
when he states that " neither business nor
professional men can be strictly and con-
stantly honest nowadays."
Although it is not obvious for what class
of readers the book is intended, it contains
a good deal of common sense, and certainly
an abundance of home truths.
The Bacteriology of Peritonitis. By
Leonard S. Dudgeon and Percy W. G.
Sargent. (Constable' & Co.) — There was
hardly a surgeon twenty years ago who
would meddle with a case of peritonitis ;
then came the time of heroic measures,
when attempts were made to cleanse the
peritoneum thoroughly by washing and
rubbing it ; now it is thought best to allow
the abdominal cavity to perform its own
toilette with as little interference as possible.
The present monograph on the bacteriology
of peritonitis shows how completely the
latter-day practice is in accord with the
results of laboratory work, and illustrates
anew the debt of modern surgery to patho-
logy. The greater part of Messrs. Dudgeon
and Sargent's work is highly technical, but
is of the deepest interest to the bacterio-
logist, for amongst much that is valuable
the authors are able to draw attention to a
form of diplo-streptococcus, hitherto un-
described, which they have isolated from
peritonitis in connexion with ulcer of the
stomach. The surgeon is told why peri-
tonitis occurs so often after operations
where the patient has suffered from intestinal
obstruction, and he is afforded the poor com-
fort of knowing that the inflammation some-
times rises from inside the body of his patient
and is not always introduced from without.
The general practitioner is taught that it is
wrong to give opiates at any time in peri-
tonitis : at first because important symptoms -
may be concealed, and a wrong diagnosis
may be made in consequence ; in the later
stages because an opiate may inciease the
intestinal paralysis, and " a dose of morphia
superadded to the toxic paresis of the bowel
may just turn the balance against recovery."^
It is obvious, therefore, that the teachings of
bacteriology harmonize with those of clinical
experience in pointing to purgatives, and
not to opiates, as the right drugs to be given
in peritonitis.
The monograph is dedicated to the staff
of, St. Thomas's Hospital, and in substance
it formed the basis of the Erasmus Wilson
Lectures given at the Royal College of
Surgeons of England in 1905. The book is
well written; there are ten illustrations, and
a good bibliography, but we regret to notice
that there 4s no index.
BIRDS' EGGS.
Ootheca Wolleyana : an Illustrated Cata-
logue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs formed
by the late John Wolley, Jun. Edited from
the Original Notes by Alfred Newton. —
Part III. Columbm — Alcce. (Porter.) — In
our notice of Part II. of this work on
March 7th, 1903, we expressed favourable
anticipations of the issue which is now
before us ; but we hardly expected that this
would include the gare-fowl or great auk
{Alca impennis), with which the name of
Prof. Newton Ls specially associated. The
mention of a species popularly bracketed
with the dodo, and_one which has^become
extinct within the memory of living men,
offers a strong temptation for a facile notice
without regard for sequence or proportion ;
but this must be resisted, and we begin at
the beginning.
The Columbse call for no special remark,
but interesting details are given about some
eggs of the three-toed sand-grouse laid in
Europe (four of these in aviaries, and one at
Ringkjobing, in Denmark) during the irrup-
tion of 1863. It may be remembered that,
in the subsequent and vastly more important
invasion of 1888, two clutches of eggs were
taken near Beverley, in Yorkshire, and a
young bird was found on the Culbin sands,
Moray. From this locality a downy nestling
was in 1889 sent to Prof. Newton, described
by him in The Ibis, and figured by Mr.
Frohawk. Meanwhile, special legislation
had been invoked for this erratic species,
and, sanctified by the trivial name " grouse,"
the " new British game-bird " was welcomed
with enthusiasm ; but by the end of the
year these damp islands were abandoned,
as was to be expected, by birds whose
proper home is in the dry deserts of Central
Asia. Among the rarities added of late to
this collection are the eggs of the remarkable
long-tailed representative of our black
grouse, from Russian Georgia ; and, of still
greater scarcity, eggs of Lagopus hemileu-
curus, a species confined to Spitzbergen, and
considered, by those who have observed it,
to be more closely allied to the willow-grouse
than to the ptarmigan.
At p. 57 begins Wolley's account of the
nesting of the crane. This was virtually a
discovery, for the information supplied by
Naumann was scanty, and almost unknown
in this country. As Prof. Newton observes,
" it is most likely that no English naturalist since
the days of William Turner, more than four hun-
dred years hefore, had seen a crane's nest ; while
it is certain that if any one had done so, he had
kept the information to himself."
Sir Thomas Browne mentions the crane
as merely a winter visitor to East Anglia,
and we think that undue stress has been
laid, by Hewitson and others, on a passage
in Evelyn's ' Diary ' supposed to indicate that
this species bred in Norfolk up to the time of
Charles II. When Evelyn set down, under
date of October 17th, 1671, that, "amongst
other curiosities, Sir Thomas had a collection
of the eggs of all the fowle and birds he could
procure [in Norfolk], as cranes, storkes,
eagles, and a variety of water fowle," he
was not writing with any special knowledge
of birds, but merely jotting down his recol-
lections after the excitement of passing a
few hours in v< a paradise and cabinet of
rarities, especially medails, books, plants,
and natural things." Assuredly no storks
were ever known to nest in Norfolk ; nor
eagles, unless the marsh-harrier passed , for
such. To return to Wolley's experiences : I
the graphic details of finding the nestling
cranes, which walked about him and pecked
the gnats on his fingers, followed by the
account of taking the eggs- next year, will
warm the heart of many a collector, and in "
Part I. is a capital illustration (tab. E) of
the nest, with figures of the cranes by the
late Joseph Wolf.
The pedigrees of the eggs of the great
bustard taken in Norfolk (chiefly on Great
Massingham Heath) and Suffolk have an
interest which ranks as historic, since
it relates to the produce of our largest
indigenous spocies, forced by circumstances
to cease breeding in Great Britain more than
sixty years ago. Wolley's acquisition of an
egg of tho little bustard (Otis tetrax) is
valuablo from a different point of view, for
the well-sifted evidence leaves smalljroom
154
'I'M E ATIIKN^UM
f..r doubt tliut it vrai laid bj " bird which
wm ihof about the middle of June, 1848,
dm* \\ iok, Ceithm a Locality fully tl
hundred milea to the northward of any
I, i, eding place on reoord. Tin-, now< ver,
iim\ i idered as I rea jure trove.
Among i !"■ group popularly known m
\mi.i. n ii a bird for which Wolley arduously
■ought, and with which hie name will alwaye
be associated, viz., the dusky redshank, of
which the Bnrt genuine eggs were figured
from his specimens in the last edition (1866)
of Hewiteon'e ' Eggs of British Birds.1 There
were then bo mam difficulties in reaching
the breeding place ua time that even Wolley
did not actually handle the eggs in situ ;
and with all the modern facilities for travel
and the advantages of acquired knowledge,
not more than three or four Englishmen
have succeeded in this up to L906 inclusive.
The nesting-place of the green sandpiper
baffled the research of Wolley, for the good
reason that he went too far to the north ;
and lie left Scandinavia in 1857, at a time
when neither he nor any other Briton,
except, perhaps, the writer of a valuable
article in The Ibis for 1859 (p. 40), was
aware that this wader habitually deposited
its eggs in deserted nests of squirrel, thrush,
ringdove, &c., and rarely, after the usual
manner of sandpipers, on or near the ground.
There is, of course, an excellent series of
eggs in the collection, with particulars of
this mode of nidification, which has, how-
ever, been shown of late to be slightly less
abnormal than was once supposed. Valuable
details are given of the eggs of the sanderling,
grey plover, and little stint, but none of
these fell within the scope of Wolley ; he
was, however, the first to make British
oologists acquainted with authenticated
eggs of Temminck's stint, and especially
those of the jack snipe.
As a rule little mention is made by Wolley
of the drawbacks to bird-nesting in Lapland ;
but in describing the haunts of the jack
snipe he breaks out with " The gnats, how-
ever, are there so terrible — voracious —
destructive — no word is too strong — that
tar oil, Templar caps, veils, and thick
leather gloves are indispensable." To the
same effect he expresses himself in the
account of the nesting-places of the broad-
bill sandpiper, also in Lapland ; but now
that the nearer Dovrefjeld is easy of access,
the tourist can " rush " that district, visit
nests marked down for him, and escape
with a very short period of suffering.
In dwelling upon Wolley's personal con-
tributions to oology in days when egg-
collecting was young, we have been by no
means unmindful of the numerous and
valuable additions to the joint collection
made by Prof. Newton. And now, passing
over the gulls and terns, we come to the
great auk, the main object of the expedition
of Wolley and Prof. Newton to Iceland in
1858. An abstract of their researches was
given by the latter in Tlie Ibis for 1861,
pp. 374-^99, and acquaintance with this aids
the understanding of allusions to the place
whence several of the eggs now enumerated
were obtained, namely, Eldey or the Meal-
sack. This is one of several volcanic islets
off Cape Reykjanes, and near the latter
Wolley and his companion passed two
months in the vain hope that the weather
would permit a visit. It was at Eldey that
most of the skins and a large pioportion of
the eggs still in existence were procured,
between the years 1830 to 1844 inclusive,
nono of later date being known from any
place whatever. Tab. L, facing p. xxxv in
the Memoir issued with Part EL, is from a
drawing by Wolley, and gives some idea of
N L094, April 1 L. 1906
—
the desolated "land of (in"; the white
• on the bi orison to the ■ ighl is tin fcfi
sack, and merit- the name. Wolley himself
• -id t wo eggs of tin great uuli (t)ibb. \iv.
and xv.), the former being remarkable foi the
scrolled oharaOteT Ol itB nimkni»s, and for
this be paid twenty eight shillings in l-
Another (tab. xvi.), also from Eldey, baa
been added by Prof. Newton, and the
gradual unravelling of its history aflbrda
some verj Buggestive reading, [four, pre-
sented by the fourth Lord Lilford (tabb.xviL
xx.). wen- probably from Funk Island or
other islets off Newfoundland, for one Off
two have been marked " Pingoum," a
French variant of our " pin-wing," applied
to the great auk many years before it was
transferred to the pengums of the southern
hemisphere, in consequence of a superficial
resemblance. These four specimens are
decidedly handsome, and the large holts
at the pointed ends of three of them indicate
that they had been sucked by the matter-
of-fact takers, as a preliminary to the pre-
servation of the shells as curiosities. Little
did the fisherman who was killing gare-fowl
for food, and slaked his thirst from time to
time by sucking an egg as it came in his way,
realize that his after-thought would be worth
many times the weight in gold of the intact
egg, not to mention that of the shell which
he took home to show his sweetheart how
much bigger were the eggs of the " pingouins"
of Newfoundland than those laid on the cliffs
of Normandy and Brittany. The last illus-
tration in this volume (tab. xxi.) is from a
plaster cast, by the late John Hancock, of
an egg formerly in the collection of the late
Mr. John Scales, now only known from the
replica, for it was burnt in a fire at Cork.
Besides the above. Prof. Newton gives
particulars of his ten plaster casts of other
eggs, six of them made by the above un-
rivalled hand, and it may safely be said
that no such record, illustrated by six
accurate and full-sized coloured plates, of
the eggs of this extinct species is to be found
elsewhere. Mr. H. Gronvold, the artist, has
done his work well.
As with its predecessors, intense care has
been taken with this volume, and we now
await the concluding portion, which should
contain an account of the nidification of the
smew — one of Wolley's greatest discoveries.
Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs
in the British Museum. Vol. IV. By
Eugene W. Oates, assisted by Capt. Savile
G. Reid. (British Museum.) — This fourth
volume corresponds with Dr. Bowdler
Sharpe's similar number of the ' Hand-List
of Birds,' noticed by us on February 27th,
1904, so that it seems not unreasonable to
expect another volume before long. Like
the ' Hand-List,' this work on eggs treats
of the Passerine birds from the Timeliidit>
to the Certhiidne inclusive, and the natural
colour and beauty of nearly all the examples
figured afford scope for the display of Mr.
H. Gronvold's artistic talent. No fewer
than 620 species and 14,917 specimens are
catalogued, their number having been
greatlv increased bv large donations from Mr.
W. Badcliffe Saunders and Mr. C. B. Rickett.
The scientific names are those set forth by
Dr. Bowdler Sharpe, and therefore no
criticism of them is permissible in a notice
of this egg-book ; but there is great utility
in giving a trivial or English name in the
text, for it might not otherwise be realized
that Aedon megarhyncha is our nightingale.
Sylvia simplex the garden-warbler, or Pln/l-
loscopus minor the much tossed-about chiff-
chaff. On the other hand, a too literal
translation maybe misleading, as in the case
of Lophophancs inornatus, which is rendered
American I'lain Titmoi. . cond word
meaning, ol oourae, unadon
no relation to u flat country. There
which need not be pari
liin/ei|, m localities and collect
lecimens in tin Soebohm collection; boa
are in no way attributable I
editor-, w ho have done their work admirably.
MM III [Efi
EVTOMOLOOIi \i.. .\)n,i 1 Mi. ( . (I. \\\.
e, V. P., in the chair. Mr. Le nard D
Major I'. W i mi - Sampson, and M
Snialhiiaii were elected Fellows. Mr. H. Bt, •'
Donisthorpe exhibited a specimen of the very rare
ant Formicoxenm nUidtunn, a fen eatly
found in a nest ol Formica rvfn at Wcybi
-Mi. G. C. Champion showed a specimen
Plalyptyllui i i- ma. a coleopterous pan*
of the beaver, from France. Mr. W
Sheldon exhibited several specimens of a Noctua,
which he said corresponded to Dr. H. Cuard-
Knagg's original description of Ayrolu helvttina
I • Entomologist's Annual.' Is72>. He had purchased
them at the sale of the late l)r. Mason's collection,
in which they were labelled as light varictii
Noctua a injur, to which sp I they
should be referred. Mr. A. H. Jones exhibited
examples of butterflies taken by him last year in
Majorca, showing injury to the wings, caused, in
his opinion, by the attacks of lizard*. — The B
F. 1). Morioe gave an account of the eal
observed on the lege of some Hymenoptera. They
were, he said, quite constant in each species, and
useful, therefore, as distinguishing characters, the
only Hymenopteron he had come across without
them being the ordinary hive-bee. Kir by and
Spruce considered that they were used for walking
or climbing, but this was unlikely, as the s]
occurred in species which did not climb at all.
far as he had noticed, they were used by members
of this order for the purpose of cleaning them-
selves. Mr. C. O. Waterhouse said that similar
spars existed iii the Trichoptera. though they did
not assume beautiful forms as in the Hymenoptera ;
but as to their uses, he was not aware that any
observations had been published or made on the
subject. — Mr. G. C. Champion remarked that they
were also well developed on the hind legs of -
Coleoptera.
Historical. — Aprtl 5. — The Rev. \V. Hunt,
President, in the chair. — Sir Alfred Scott
Garter King-of- Arms, Sir Henry Howorth, the R
C. E. Hopkins, Mr. C. K. Hi Chadwyck-Healey.
and Mr. T. Rice Holmes were elected Fell
The Library of Kansas University was admit
as a subscribing library, the Earl of Ilchester, Sir
Henry Howorth. and" Mr. C. K. H. Chadwyck-
Healey, were elected Honorary Yii e -Presidents. —
Miss Shillington communicated a paper on "The
Diplomatic and Economic Relations of England
and Portugal in the Middle Ages,' referring to the
early Crusading aid given in the foundation of the
kingdom of Portugal, and to the close relations in
the fourteenth century, the commercial treaty of
Windsor between Edward III. and the Portug
merchants, and the English aid to King John I.
against Castile, when he, by the victory of Alju-
barota, established his country's independence.
The marriage of King John with Philippe,
laughter of John of Gaunt, sealed the alliance
with the house of Lancaster; and the subsequent
marriage of this daughter with Philip of Bur-
iy confirmed the triple alliance in politics and
trade between England, Portugal, and the Nether-
lamb. The President gave an interesting add
upon some further aspects of the subject, and Mr.
Marsden spoke on early maritime connexions and
the w iii' trade.
MKKTINciS NEXT WEEK.
Win. Ariatotelian, 5.— Symposium: 'Cm Logic abstract from the
Psychological Conditions of Tliink . Messrs. 1 i
Bcoiller, 1:. Booanquet, and 11 RaahdalL
— Meteorological, "DO. — 'Some - 'nine
Reproduced Experimentally. Mr. A Ha the
Vain.- of :i Projected Image of the Sun for Meteorological
Stn.lv.' Miss c. 0. St. m
— Microscopical, B. — Exhibition of Lantern • Slides of Plant
Structure.
N°4094, April 14, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
455
%timte (gossip.
The sixty-seventh annual meeting of the
British Association begins on August 1st
at York, when Prof. Ray Lankester, Pre-
sident Elect, will deliver the address. There
are eleven sections, which include, besides
the ordinary subjects, ' Economic Science
and Statistics,' ' Anthropology," and ' Edu-
cational Science.'
Mr. J. B. Freebairn writes : —
" In your most interesting notice last week of
' The Birds of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight '
you state that the cormorant is known there as the
Isle of Wight parson. Curiously enough, in the
neighbourhood of Luce Bay, Wigtownshire, this
bird is called the Mochrum elder. That two locali-
ties so far apart should go to the Church to ex-
press a sea-bird metaphorically is worthy of note.
Perhaps the cormorant's sable covering and pious
demeanour as, bolt upright, he basks in the sun-
shine upon a boulder at the water's edge, may have
suggested both appellations."
A number of valuable prizes were awarded
at last week's meeting of the French Institute.
The Prix Osiris of 100,000fr. has been given
to M. Albert Sorel, member of the Academic
des Sciences Morales et Politiques, " pour
1'ensemble de ses ouvrages sur l'histoire
diplomatique de l'Europe, aux deux derniers
siecles." The Prix Debrousse of 30,000fr.
has been allocated in the following manner :
20,000fr. to the Academie des Sciences, half
of which is to go towards the cost of pub-
lishing the works of Leibnitz, while the
other half goes to M. Deslandres for his
researches " sur la marche du soleil " ;
5,000fr. to the Academie des Inscriptions
et Belles-Lettres for the reproduction of
some miniatures by Foucquet ; the balance
being equally distributed between the
archaeological investigations and restorations
at Rome and Constantinople.
Baron de Haulleville read a paper on
the religions of the Congolese natives before
the Colonial Club at Antwerp a few days ago.
The lecturer began by describing Tizambi,
the supreme being of the blacks, who lives
below the waters, and who is described by
his dusky votaries as indifferent to the fate
or conditions of his followers. It is curious
to note that water represents all that is
mysterious in nature for the negro, just as
fire does for the Eastern mind. The negroes
regard as a confirmation of their belief in
the mystical force of water the fact that
the white man came by it across the ocean,
and up the Congo and its numerous tri-
butaries. M. de Haulleville's main conclu-
sion is that the Congolese have no religion
and believe only in magic. Their priest is
the fetish doctor, in other words a magician.
Unfortunately, the l> mganga " class still
exists, and the mot (Vordre of the body or
craft is, Death to European influence ! The
Imman sacrifices associated with the order
cannot be ended in a generation, and it
will be two centuries, the lecturer declared,
before the. are entirely forgotten. Any
excuse lias been taken among the Africans
for a human sacrifice, but none has been
more utilized than the interment of a chief
or the burial of humbler individuals. " Red
funerals " have had a gruesome significaine
it ml Africa.
Tin; death is announced, in the seventy-
sixth year of Ids age, of Dr. !•'. M. Karlinski,
many years Professor of Astronomy and
thematica at the University of Cracow,
at which town he was horn on Oetoher tth,
10. II'- was assistant at the observatory
there from 1851 to 1865, and afterward at
that of Prague until 1862, when hejreturned
to Cracow, as Director and Professor, retiring
in 1902, after forty years of energetic service.
His observations, principally of planets and
comets, were very numerous until weakness
of sight compelled him to desist, and he
subsequently devoted most of his time to
literary work, publishing a large number of
treatises on astronomical (especially his-
torical) and meteorological subjects, most of
them in Polish, some in Latin, and others
in German. He had been in failing health
for a considerable time, and died on the
21st ult.
Dr. E. Anding, observator in the Bavarian
Geodetic Commission and extraordinary
professor at the University of Munich, has
been appointed Director of the Ducal
Observatory, which was removed to Gotha
from Seeberg in 1 859, whilst Hansen was
Director.
The period of the variable star 29, 1906
Persei (see our ' Science Gossip ' for the
24th ult.), has been found by Prof. Pickering
to amount to 13-20 days.
Seven small planets are announced as
having been photographically discovered
last month at the Konigstuhl Observatory,
Heidelberg : one on the 14th, and another
on the 20th, by Herr Kopff ; and two on the
17th, one on the 18th, one on the 20th, and
another on the 21st, by Prof. Max Wolf. It
appears also that one photographed by
Herr Kopff on the 21st and 22nd of February,
and supposed to be identical with No. 546,
which was discovered by Herr Gotz on
October 10th, 1904, is really new. No. 543,
also discovered by Herr Gotz on Septem-
ber 11th in that year, has been named
Charlotte ; whilst No. 546 has received the
designation Herodias. It was again ob-
served by M. N. Liapine at Pulkowa on the
15th ult. Dr. J. Palisa publishes in No. 4081
of the Astronomische Nachrichten the results
of a number of visual observations of recently
discovered small planets which he has
obtained at the Imperial Observatory,
Vienna.
FINE ARTS
THE EARLY HISTORY OF
PLAYING CARDS.
Las Cartes a jouer du Quatorziamc au
Vingtiama Siecla. Par Henry Rene
d'Allemagne. 2 vols. (Paris, Hachette
& Cie.)
The history of playing cards has great
attractions for many classes of students,
and may even be expected to interest
large numbers of readers not usually
included in the widest extension of that
term. The passion for gambling has so
far saturated modern life as to have
become almost an instinct, while card-
playing, its most important development,
seems to have superseded all sucli forms
of excitement from the first moments
of its appearance in Europe. The ( 'hureh,
the law, thundered against it in vain.
It spread over the Continent with the
rapidity of the plague. It created new
aits, new trades. The study of cards
leads the sociologist through all classes
• •I society, the psychologist into the
deepest recesses of the mind. It raises
for the student of art the problems of the
origin of wood-cutting and engraving ;
it furnishes him with the materials for a
history of traditional dosigu ; it trenches
on the great question of the origin of
printing. It cannot, therefore, be said
that the subject of these important
volumes is unworthy of the treatment
it has here received. How generous
that has been is shown by the state-
ment that the work contains 3,200 repro-
ductions of cards (956 in colour), 12 hand-
coloured plates, 25 phototypes, 116 wrap-
pers, and 340 vignettes, plans, and engrav-
ings of various sorts, while the text
extends to over 1,100 quarto pages.
Histories of playing cards abound, but
few of them are of any value whatever,
as they belong to the pre-scientific
period. If we set aside the eighteenth
century, the most important are Singer's
' Researches into the History of Playing
Cards,' 1816, Chatto's ' Facts and Specu-
lations,' 1848, and Merlin's ' Origine des
Cartes a jouer,' 1869 ; and amongst
reproductions, Duchesne's ' Jeux de
Cartes,' 1844, and Lady C. Schreiber's
' Playing Cards,' 1892. Since these books
were written, many valuable documents
have come to light, a number of important
monographs have been written, and the
catalogues of many collections, such as
those of the British Museum and several
German museums, published. The time
was therefore ripe for the publication of a
new history, embracing and co-ordinating
all the known facts, and taking advantage
of modern methods of reproduction. M.
d'Allemagne has written one, conceived
with all the logical completeness of the
French mind, and carried out in general
with the thoroughness and accuracy of a
scholar and a student. A glance at his
scheme will make this plain.
The first chapter deals with the origin
and transformations of the game of cards,
its most important division being that
dealing with French cards, where six
schools of card-makers are described in
the seventeenth century, and nine in the
eighteenth — a classification of the greatest
interest, worked out for the first time.
The second chapter deals with legislation,
and the manufacture and sale of cards
in France. A duty was imposed on them
in the sixteenth century, and continued
till the middle of the seventeenth. It
was reimposed in 1701, and ceased in
1719 ; reimposed in 1745, and ceased at
the Revolution ; reimposed in 1798, and
remains in force. Wrappers for the pack
were enforced in connexion witli the
tax, and continued even after the issue
of special Government-made paper and
the mark on the ace of clubs, which is
the method by which the French tax was
collected in the nineteenth century.
The manufacture of cards is then shortly
described and a wholly inadequate list of
card-makers in Europe added. In the
third and fourth chapters the history of
gaming and of fortune-telling by cards is
rapidly dealt with, and the first volume
ends with some interesting notes of the
\va\s in which our economical ancestors
utilized the backs of old cards.
So far M. d'Allemagne has followed the
beaten track, but his second volume is a
work of quite other interest. It is nothing
less than a history of the craft in France,
466
THE ATHEN^UM
N°4094, April 14, 1906
opening with a short account of the
trades and craft guilds in France from
their organization to their abolition in
1791, and then passing to a detailed study
of the card-makers of France, arranged
according to the pattern in use in each
particular place — Paris, Burgundy, Lyons,
Auvergne, Dauphiny, Provence, Langue-
doc, Guyenne, or Limousin. The whole
closes with an appendix of original docu-
ments printed for the first time, a list of
all the card-makers of France, a very good
index, and a bibliography.
& It will be seen that this work is not only
of great interest to students of the history
of art, but, containing as it does the
history of a trade from its origin to the
present time in France, is also of first-class
importance to the student of economic
history. This by the way, for space would
fail us to enter on the discussion of the
facts brought forward, or of the way in
which they are understood ; and for the
remainder of this notice we shall devote
our attention to some of the less
satisfactory aspects of the work. Let
us hasten to reaffirm the excellence of
the book before we enter on them. And
first let us hope that if the late Chief
Librarian of the Arsenal had been a
librarian instead of an eminent poet, we
should have been spared the ' Biblio-
graphy ' given at vol. ii. p. 551 sqq. Take,
for example, the entry, " Augsburg Burgo-
meister books for 1418, Augsbourg 1418,"
which has every fault possible. It sug-
gests that the work is in English, that it
is in print, and printed in 1418. As a
matter of fact the books have never been
printed, and the only quotations pub-
lished from them appear in a periodical so
rare that there are not two copies of it in
the United Kingdom, a periodical not
even named in the book before us. Worse
still, a number of the works cited by
M. d'Allemagne do not appear in the
' Bibliography,' while English names re-
ceive the usual short shrift.
The insularity of French savants is a
constant complaint. To them the history
of culture is a chapter of the history of
France. M. d'Allemagne seems to have con-
ceived and carried out his book as a history
of French playing cards, and to have neg-
lected all other sources than French. To
take one example, Sir E. A. Bond, a scholar
of European eminence, communicated to
our columns in 1878 a description of a
MS. which disproved the whole theory
of the origin of cards current at that time.
This description was cited in a paper on
the origin of cards printed (1900) in
Archceologia, a publication which no
mediaeval scholar has any right to pass
over, but which apparently M. d'Alle-
magne has not seen. The description in
our columns and the paper in Archceologia
are quoted and summarized in an official
publication which must be on the shelves
of the Arsenal — the ' Catalogue of
Schreiber Playing Cards in the British
Museum ' — yet M. d'Allemagne long
remained ignorant of their existence,
and only at last learnt by accident of
the existence of the MS. from a friend
whose name he duly associates with the
discovery. We feel sure that a more
prolonged study of this most important
document would have profoundly modified
his views, and perhaps saved him from
the heroic attempt to claim for France
priority in the use of cards by an inter-
pretation of " Ludus ad paginas " (1337)
as cards, on the strength of a (1408)
phrase " Papier pour jouer." M. d'Alle-
magne is not happy in his conjectures.
Another totally uncritical assumption is
that the " naibi " of 1379 were identical
with the so-called " Mantegna " cards of
1470, the latter evidently an educational
variant of the ordinary Tarot pack. We
do not insist on this, as the assumption is
common ; but a graver reflection on M.
d'Allemagne as an " archiviste-paleo-
graphe " rests on his account of the famous
cards at Paris. He says, " Aucune in-
scription ni aucune lettre n'indiquent la
maniere de ranger les cartes," and cer-
tainly his facsimiles show none. But the
paper in Archceologia already referred to
states that all the cards (except two
which are never numbered) bear numbers ;
the photographic reproductions given
there show these numbers clearly, and
the numbers date from the middle of the
fifteenth century. By not observing this
M. d'Allemagne has missed the evidence
that this collection is made up from two
sets — one a Tarot, the other a Minchiate
pack. Moreover, the cards are evidently
not Venetian at all, but a French copy
of very fine Italian originals. The numbers
given them by M. d'Allemagne are abso-
lutely unjustified. His account of the
famous Stuttgart pack is also very in-
correct. It really dates from about 1430
(not " les dernieres annees du quatorzieme
siecle"), and shows strong traces of Flem-
ish influence. It contains 52 vellum cards
painted in tempera on a gold gesso ground
and mounted on cardboard. The four
suits are stags, dogs, ducks, and falcons,
the court cards being king, over-knave,
and under-knave in falcons and ducks ;
queen, lady, and maid in stags and dogs.
If we mark on a map of Central Europe
all the places at which cards can be proved
to have existed in the fourteenth century,
we shall find them all on the great trade
routes which centre at Venice. If we couple
the natural inference from this with the
fact that cards, when introduced, were
substantially the same as we know them
to-day, we are driven to accept Chatto's
theoiy of their connexion with the Indian
game. M. d'Allemagne disposes of this
theory too summarily by a somewhat
droll argument in the mouth of an " archi-
viste " :—
" Les relations suivies entre l'Asie et
l'Europe ne datent guere, eneffet, que dela
premiere expedition faite dans ces contrees
par Vasco de Gama en 1498, et depuis plus
d'un siecle deja le jeu de cartes 6tait pratique
dans toute l'Europe."
The suit-marks we now use are first met
with early in the fifteenth century in
France, Italy and Spain using coins, cups,
swords, and staves, Germany leaves,
bells, acorns, and hearts.
-^During the first century of cards in
Europe many attempts were made to
vary and enlarge the game. Among the
unsuccessful ones were those to increase the
number of plain suits. Several of the
beautiful engraved packs are composed
of five or even more complete suits, in spite
of M. d'AUemagne's dictum to the con-
trary. A more successful variant was the
invention of "triumphs," or trumps, early
in the fifteenth century. These were
22 picture cards in series, the subjects
being drawn from popular art, and the
game being to make " flushes " or
" sequences." The 22-card variety is
the Tarot, another of 41 cards being the
Minchiate pack. Later these sequences
were amalgamated with the ordinary
four-suit pack, the " triumphs " becoming
a permanent suit of trumps. The most
beautiful pack of these cards known is
that figured by M. d'Allemagne after
The Burlington Magazine, but he dates
them too early : they were made for the
marriage of Visconti and the daughter of
Amadeus of Savoy in 1427, as shown by
their bearing the alternate shields of
Visconti and Savoy on the " lovers " card.
We must not conclude our notice of
these magnificent volumes without noting
that they are printed and illustrated accord-
ing to the best traditions of French work.
We have noticed only one misprint in
the thousand pages, " dix " for deux
(p. 391), which would seriously incommode
a reader, and one mistake. The engraving
on p. 387 is not a game, but the ordinary
process of arithmetic : the person standing
has done his sum by figures, the seated
one is checking the result by counters.
Publishers and author alike have merited
the warmest thanks and support from the
world of letters.
Longton Hall Porcelain. By William
Bemrose. (Bemrose & Sons.) — Admirers of
early Georgian porcelain who may also
happen to be interested in the story of the
potteries where it was produced will be glad
to see that Mr. W. Bemrose has again taken
up the subject of the Longton Hall wares.
It will be remembered that in a previous
work, wherein the author edited some tin-
published documents relating to the history
of English eighteenth-century porcelain
(' Bow, Chelsea, and Derby Porcelain,'
1898), he devoted a chapter of the appendix
to a short account of Longton Hall. In the
present volume lie has collected what infor-
mation is known concerning this particular
Staffordshire pottery, and, with the addition
of numerous illustrations of its porcelain,
has compiled a monograph which will be
serviceable alike to the student and the
connoisseur. That Longton Hall porcelain
and its maker, William Littler, should
hitherto have found such brief record in
literature is easily explained : the factory
lasted no longer than six years (1752-8),
and when it terminated, so also did the
career of its owner as the proprietor of a
porcelain manufactory. As far as the few
known facts of Littler's story authorize any
definite conclusion, it would appear that he
suffered the not uncommon lot of the
inventor in losing what little capital he had,
and ending his life in extreme penury,
whilst others acquired wealth by his dis-
coveries. He must have been a born potter,
since before he was out of his teens he
invented improved methods for making salt-
N° 4094, April 14, 1906
THE ATHENjEUM
457
glaze. But his chief aim was " to produce
a porcelain like unto the Chinese," and this
he succeeded in accomplishing before he
reached his majority, being also the first
Staffordshire maker of porcelain. Probably
in no circumstances would Littler have
acquired a fortune as a manufacturer,
since he was evidently lacking in the
business faculty. Still, in more favour-
able times he might have achieved
higher things as a potter, and his
lot in life might have been happier. For
this Staffordshire lad had the soul of an
artist, and was evidently capable of producing
pottery of a very different calibre from
eighteenth - century Chelsea china ; such
also, it may be believed, was his ambition.
He knew, however, that it was not genuine
artistic work which was wanted, and, at
least in part, endeavoured to suit his wares
to the fashion of the day ; he even sent his
porcelain to a London sale-room to be sold
by auction ; needless to say, it was coldly
received. The arbiters of taste, and espe-
cially the arbitresses — the Papilias, the Nar-
cissas, and the Cliloes — demanded that their
china should be neatly finished and smartly
gilded, the ground-colour even, and, above
all, that the ornament should be " genteel."
All this they found in the Chelsea frivolities,
but, as Littler apparently could not attain
to this ideal, he had to close his factory.
On the question of Littler's colour Mr.
Bemrose justly remarks : —
"It [the Longton Hall potter}] had also
special qualities that appeal to the sense of colour.
Does not this partly arise from the fact that the
cobalt-blue has been laid unevenly on the biscuit
body, with a tendency to run when acted upon by
the glaze and the heat of the oven ? The streaky
effect of this, with its innumerable degrees of light
and shade, gives it the colour value it certainly pos-
sesses. This streaky appearance in to-day's modern
porcelain would be condemned, for few dealers (and
they largely rule, often unwisely, in matters of
taste) will purchase an object with a ground colour
that is not dead even in colour, and without
blemish. Compare the effect of the two methods
of dealing with grounds, and it must be admitted
that the play of colour in the accidentally coloured
ground is far preferable to the dead evenness of
modern taste. In nature we seldom see dead levels
in colour ; the charms arise from the delicate and
beautiful gradations or blending of one or more
colours in her handiwork."
The collector will find Mr. Bemrose's ex-
planations of the technical features which
characterize the Longton Hall pottery of
great assistance in identifying specimens,
and he will be aided thereto by the many
well-selected illustrations. In one instance,
however, Mr. Bemrose's colour-printer has
somewhat failed him by reproducing Littler's
fine cobalt in a cold Prussian blue, or it
may possibly be an aniline dye : fortunately,
the author lias given detailed descriptions
of the originals, including that of their
actual colours.
The collector also will do well to meditate
on Mr. Bemrose's warning respecting the
foreign forgeries of this and other English
wares, which find their way into this country
in large quantities. The time has surely
arrived to put a stop to this nefarious
practice by ordering all imported china to
bear the maker's mark stamped in the body.
In thesecond edition of his book the author
may perhaps see the desirability of omitting
the few lines at the top of p. xii ; and if
his publishers will print the volume in the
same type and on the same paper as they
used for Mr. Solon's ' Old English Porcelain,'
future readers will be duly grateful.
We are very glad to see a new edition of
A Handbook of Greek Sculpture, by Prof.
Ernest A. Gardner (Macmillan). The book
first appeared in 1897 ; it has since been
reprinted four times, and now it appears in
a revised form. This steady demand shows
what is clear to expert students of Gieek
archaeology — that in Prof. Gardner we have
an authority who has written a much-needed
book. The point at which theories reach
the stage that demands dissent or ap-
proval of them in a student's manual will
always be differently decided by archaeo-
logical doctors, but we think it will be gene-
rally agreed that the new Appendix is both
lucid and satisfactory as to recent discoveries
at Crete, Delphi, and elsewhere. The illus-
trations and index are alike admirable, and
the references added at the bottom of the
page show Prof. Gardner's exhaustive
acquaintance with foreign work. A long
note is devoted at the end of the section on
Phidias to the important speculations of
Prof. Furtwangler on the Lemnian Athene.
Scopas, or some one associated with him, is
credited with the splendid seated Demeter
from Cnidus in the British Museum, which
the present reviewer has always associated
with Praxiteles ; but the masterly cha-
racter of the work, which is little known to
the general public, is fully recognized. We
hope that this book will not only be a boon
to students, but also encourage many to
visit some of the great museums which
show the work of the unequalled Greek mind.
WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR'S
THIGHBONE.
Your reviewer notwithstanding, William's
thighbone does still rest beneath the flooring
of St. Etienne at Caen. The reviewer of my
book on Normandy says : " The Conqueror's
thighbone disappeared in 1793."
What I say in my book is : —
" His tomb was broken into by the Huguenots,
and again by the mob iu 1793, and the remains
disturbed. All that was preserved was a thigh-
bone and this was reburied, and now lies before
the altar."
The only authority I can get hold of for
the moment is Black's guide to Normandy,
and there (p. 92) I read : —
'•In front of the high altar a whitish veined
marble slab covers all that remains of William the
Conqueror — a thighbone — which was saved when
the tomb was broken into by the Huguenots in
1562, and again by the mob in 1793."
G. E. MlTTON.
%* Miss Mitton should look at Murray's
guide. Hare and Baedeker are also correct.
She will find an accurate account of the relic
and its fate in Mr. Gordon Home's 'Nor-
mandy,' reviewed at the same time as her
own book : " Owing to the perpetuation of
an error in some of the English guides to
Normandy, it is often thought that a thigh-
bone of the founder of the abbey is still
lying beneath the marble slab in the
sanctuary...." Freeman's 'Norman Con-
quest' (iv. 723) has the words, "A modern
stone. . . .marks the place where the bones
of William the Great no longer lie." It is
true that Robillard de Beaurepaire seems to
imply that the " cercueil en plomb" was
re-interred in 1802 by General Dugua, the
prefet who ordered the new stone ; but his
remarks carry no authority.
THE QUILTER SALE.
THE sale of Mr. Harry Quilter's collection of
pictures by old master* and modem artists, draw-
ings, and engravings, at Messrs. Christie's on
Saturday and Monday, contained many features of
interest)." Mr. Quilter ranks as a g<xxl all-round
judge of the tine arts, but his pictures were those
of a man with refitted tastes rather than such aB are
usually to be found in the collection of the?
wealthy amateur to whom price is a secondary
consideration. This accounts for the wide variation
in prices in Saturday's sale — prices which ranged
from five shillings to l,100gs. per lot.
The chief picture was the Gainsborough evening
scene known as ' Repose,' a grcup of cattle enjoy-
ing a shady spot near a fountain, with a peasant
lying asleep on the grass. This work, which
realized l,lU0gs., was presented by the artist to>
his daughter Mrs. Fischer as a wedding gift, so it
must have been painted in or before 1780. It was
lithographed in December, 1824, by Richard Lane, a.
connexion of the Gainsborough family, and at this-
time was in the possession of H. Briggs. In 182T
it appeared at the British Institution. The
account of this picture is imperfectly given in the-
Sale Catalogue, and the various collections and
sales in which it has appeared may be thus sum-
marized : British Gallery of Art, 1851 ("from the-
collection of R. Briggs, of Leamington"), 900 gs. ;.
Bicknell, 1863 (April 25th), lot 91, 780 gs. ; Gillott,.
1872 (April 27th), lot 286, 900gs. ; Kirkman D.
Hodgson, M.P., whence it passed by private
purchase into the possession of Mr. James Price,,
at whose sale in 1895 it was bought by Mr. Quilter
for 1,400 gs. It was purchased on Saturday by
Messrs. Agnew.
The most important work of the Dutch,.
Flemish, and German schools was a characteristic-
example of P. de Koninck, an extensive view over
a landscape, with a town on a river in the middle*
distance, figures and sheep on a winding sandy
road in the foreground, signed and dated 1645r
750 gs. (at the Hey wood sale in 1893 this picture,,
which has been much over - varnished, brought
900 gs.). Roger van der Weyden, a triptych with
three subjects illustrating the Crucifixion, saints
and donors on the outside of the wings, brought
160 gs. (at the Howel Wills sale, 130 gs.).
The Italian School included a striking portrait
by A. Bronzino of Leonora di Toledo, wife of
Cosmo di Medici, in rich dress with pearl necklace,,
her son at her side, half-length, on panel, 620 gs-
(Hamilton Palace sale, 1882, 1,750 gs.; H. Bing-
ham Mildmay sale, 1893, 780 gs.). Spinello
Aretino, Madonna and Child Enthroned, with
numerous angels, signed, 1 15 gs. (at the Howel Wills
sale, 1894, this was bought for 7/, 5s.). A Man-
tegna, Madonna and Child, enthroned beneath an
archway, St. Francis and St. Jerome on each side,
and two angels playing instruments, on panel,,
135 gs. (S. Boddington sale, 1881, 92 gs.; Howel
Wills, 1894, 40 gs.). Perugino, The Madonna, in
red and blue dress, in the attitude of prayer, on
panel, HOgs. L. da Vinci, Madonna and Child,
with St. Jerome and an angel holding a pair of
scales, on panel, 210 gs.
The only picture of note by a French artist was
F. Boucher's portrait of Madame de Pompadour, iiv
white satin dress, standing in her boudoir, resting,
her left hand upon the keys of a piano, 310 gs. (in
the R. Williams sale of 1862 this realized only 30/.;
while in the Clifden sale, 1895, it brought 500 gs.).
Tho other pictures included : lord Madox
Brown, Work, 1863, small replica of tho picture in
the Birmingham Gallery, painted for Mr. James
Leathart, 390 gs. G. F. Watts, The Rainbow,,
extrusive view from high ground, over a valley, with
manv heavy clouds and rainbow above, painted ini
1884, 400 gs. (W. Carver sale, 1890, 510 gs.); Little-
Red Riding Hood, small full-length figure of a little
girl in red cloak, standing in a landscape, holding
a basket in her arms, on panel, 90 gs. (C. H.
Rickards sale, 1887, 85 gs.).
Monday's side included the following drawing?
in pen and ink : Millais. Lorenzo and Isabella,.
36 gs. D. G. Rossetti, Meditation, 22 gs. ; Venus
Verticordia. 44 gs.; Head of a Man, a study of the
picture of Mary Magdalen at the door of Simon
the Pharisee, 20 gs. 'r-c>Tfc
The two days' sale realized 8,140/. 11.".
JFttw-^rt (gossip.
We are sorry to"" notice the death om
Thursday last week of Sir Wyke Bayliss.
who was knighted in 1897, and had been
President of tho Royal Society of British
Artists sinco 1888. He was born in 1835.
and educated by his father, a teacher of
drawing, and at the Royal Academy School
4/i8
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4094, April 14, 1906
nfjponiflll. hut 'got his chief training in an
nrehitect's ollie.'. which led to his BOOOMB,
continued OVOr many years, M an archi-
tectural artist. He was also a fluent writer,
publishing Mveral hooks on the ideals of
art ; hut tin' hist known of his winks is
'Hex Kcl'uiu.' lS'.tS, an tlahoratr study of
the traditional likenesses of Christ. His
' Scvni Angels of the Kenaseenee,' which we
shall review next week, is a good specimen
•of his charm of style.
Messrs. Sotheby, Wii.kinsok & Hodge
-will sell from the 23rd to the 28th inst. the
third and concluding portion of the collec-
tion of engravings and drawings made by
'the late Edwin Truman. He was best
known as an enthusiastic admirer of Cruik-
shank's works, hut he was most proud of
his set of early engraved portraits, mostly
English historical prints ; and as his know-
ledge in this line was exceptional, his collec-
tion contains many fine and rare specimens.
There are a numbor of important typo-
graphical items, including the series of
•original drawings made for the engravings
in " The Stationers' Almanacs." The water-
colour drawings include some Turners, three
Bentleys, and several pieces by G. Shep-
heard (1770-1842).
The death is announced of M. Jules
Grosjean, the sculptor, at the age of thirty-
four. A pupil of Barrias and an exhibitor
at the Salon, he had received only recently
^the commission for the monument to
•Gerome. — The death is also announced of
M. Edouard Gerspach, a former adminis-
irateur of the Gobelins manufactory, and
"the author of several works, including
' L'Art de la Verrerie,' ' Les Tapisseries
•Coptes,' and ' La Mosaique.' He organized,
«jid for some time managed, a national
factory of decorative mosaic work. M.
■Gerspach was a native of Thann (Haut-
Rhin), where he was born in 1833.
The Chief Commissioner of Works has
received a present of a fountain in bronze
and marble, which is to be erected between
Hyde Park Corner and Albert Gate.
The Council of the Society of Antiquaries
have issued a memorandum on ' The Sale
of Church Plate and Furniture,' which has
our warm commendation, and will, we hope,
be widely circulated among the clergy. We
have had more than once to call attention
to the shameless sale of church articles, not
"to mention their ruin through damp or dirt.
It is now suggested that church plate which
is obsolete or worn out should be placed for
preservation in the nearest public museum.
MUSIC
■Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians.
Edited by J. A. Fuller Maitland. Vol. II.
(Macmillan & Co.)
The original work bore the date 1879; the
Appendix that of 1889. Since even the
latter year there have, however, been
many changes, so that this new edition is
welcome. The present volume begins at
F, and extends to the end of L. Articles
have been revised and brought up to date,
while some have been withdrawn and
others added. Among the additions we
find a special one on Sir George Grove,
the original editor of the ' Dictionary,'
from the pen of Mr. C. L. Graves, whose
* Life of Sir George Grove ' appeared two
.years ago. Then those on Lohet and
^Fischer are valuable, especially that on
the latter, who was an immediate pre-
decessor of Bach. Leonardo Leo was
already in the ' Dictionary,' but a new
article has been contributed by Mr. J. K.
Dent, a specialist in old Italian music. Of
Italian composers, we find Mascagni,
Leoncavallo, and Puccini ; of French,
Cesar Franck, Lekeu, Lenepveu, and
others ; while of German one name is
specially prominent, that of Humper-
dinck. We note among names of
rising native artists that of Mr. Josef
Holbrooke ; but why is not Mr. Hamilton
Harty mentioned ? The article on
' Libraries ' has been greatly extended,
special information being given concern-
ing those in America.
Under the title of the old ' Dictionary '
was written " (a.d. 1450-1880)," hence
Greek music found no place in it. This
limit, however, is now removed, and that
interesting subject is ably dealt with by
Mr. H. S. Macran ; while for further
information — an exhaustive exposition
being impossible within dictionary limits
— works by various authorities are
named. In Mr. Macran's article the
vexed question of Greek tonality or
modality is touched upon ; the two views
are set forth briefly, and reasons given
for not accepting the theory adopted
by Westphal, Bellermann, and others.
Another interesting feature in the article
is the reference to the " rudimentary," or
it might be called accidental, harmony pro-
duced by the sounding together of melody
and instrumental accompaniment notes.
A useful list is also supplied, in a separate
article, of all the incidental music written
by British composers for the performances
of Greek dramas at Oxford and Cambridge,
with mention also of the music supplied by
Mr. C. F. Abdy Williams for the Greek
plays at Bradfield College.
In the article ' Fidelio ' we read that
Beethoven's opera " was produced a third
time as 'Fidelio,'" but only lower
down is it stated, and correctly, that
the opera was never given under any
other name. The matter is of some
importance, for owing probably to a
slip of the pen in a letter by Stephen
Breuning, even Otto Jahn was led into
error. Again, with regard to Beethoven,
under ' Hoffmann, Ernst Theodor Wilhelm,'
we read that " it is difficult not to refer to
him " the composer's canon, " Hoffmann !
Hoffmann ! Sei ja kein Hofmann ! "
Nottebohm, however, in his ' Thematisches
Verzeichniss,' more reasonably connects
it with Joachim Hoffmann, a composer
who settled in Vienna in 1815.
There is also a statement under ' Haydn
in London ' which ought to be altered.
We read that C. F. Pohl's second volume
of his ' Mozart and Haydn in London,'
published at Vienna in 1867, " has hardly
been superseded by the author's great
' Life of Haydn,' " i.e., the two volumes
of the unfinished biography which ap-
peared in 1875 and 1882. There is no
question of supersession : Haydn first
arrived in England on New Year's Day
1791, and the second and last volume of
the great ' Life ' ends with Mozart bidding
farewell to Haydn as the latter was start-
ing on that first journey. The article is
signed G., i.e., Grove, who in the first
edition of the 'Dictionary' very naturally
stated — Pohl being then alive — that that
author's great ' Life of Haydn ' would to
some extent supersede the earlier work.
In the new edition the signature G. is
retained, although the original words have
been altered, and for the worse.
We note under ' Life for the Tsar ' that
it was performed at the theatre in Great
Queen Street (in Russian) in 1887. A
Russian company appeared at that theatre,
but only in 1888; and, Glinka's opera
though announced, was not performed.
The death of Gabrielle Krauss is said to
have taken place in 1903 — a statement
which, owing to a false report, found its
way into print and apparently remained
uncontradicted until the death of the
singer last January, when it was evidently
too late for correction.
We mention points such as these in no
carping spirit, for we are aware that
to keep quite clear of mistakes in a
large dictionary is nearly beyond hope.
It is, of course, impossible for Mr.
Maitland to verify every statement made
in old articles and in those of new contri-
butors.
jHusiral CSosstp.
The programme of the third Philharmonic
Concert last Thursday week included a
second set of four ' Old English Dances '
by Dr. F. H. Cowen. The first is a bright
' Maypole,' the second a realistic 'Peasants'
Dance,' while the third dainty number is
entitled ' Lovers' Minuet,' the final one con-
sisting of Variations on a sturdy old melody
not of the composer's making. The ' Minuet'
is the most taking of the four movements,
and charmingly scored. The work was pro-
duced at Glasgow last January. Admirable
performances were given of the ' Love Scene '
and ' Queen Mab ' Scherzo from Berlioz's
dramatic symphony ' Romeo et Juliette ';
while the rendering of the Tschaikowsky
Violin Concerto by the boy Mischa Elman
was that of a mature artist. The impression
he created when we first heard liim is as
strong as ever. The programme ended with
Liszt's attractive, though seldom-heard sym-
phonic poem ' Tasso.'
Miss Marie Hall gave at Queen's Hall
last Saturday her first recital since her return
from America. She played Wieniawski's
Concerto in d minor ; but it was in a group
of short solos that she best displayed the
qualities which have won for her public
favour : her tone is pure and sympathetic,
her technique finished, and her style of
interpretation refined. Mr. Hamilton Harty
was at the pianoforte, and a more able
accompanist it would be difficult to find.
M. Reynaldo Hahn, who has recently
given a highly successful Mozart festival at
Paris, announces a recital of his own com-
positions at Bechstein Hall on the afternoon
of May Kith, this being his first appearance
in London.
Mr. and Mrs. Albert Mallinson and
Miss Ada Crossley will give a series of four
song recitals at Bechstein Hall on the
evenings of May 8th and 22nd and June 15th
and 29th. Mr. Mallinson, a clever and
interesting composer, has written over five
hundred songs, about eighty of which will
be included in the programmes.
N° 4094, April 14, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
459
The Lower Rhenish Musical Festival will
be held at Aix-la-Chapelle from June 3rd to
5th. Miss Katherine Goodson has been
•engaged, and she will play Liszt's E flat
•Concerto.
The opera season opens at Covent Garden
on May 3rd with a performance of ' Tristan
und Isolde,' in which Herr Burrian and Frau
Wittich will take the principal roles. During
the first week Cornelius's ' Barber of Bagdad '
and Poldini's 'The Princess and the Vaga-
bond' are to be performed, and this early
production of novelties is a change in the
right direction.
A Festgesang for voices only, composed
by Wagner, words by Hohlfeldt, and
performed at the unveiling of the statue of
Friedrich August I. at Dresden, on June 7th,
1843, has just been published at Berlin.
Mr. Ellis, in his 'Life of Richard Wagner,'
vol. ii. p. 26, mentions that the ceremony of
1843 was brought to a close with a " chorus "
•composed by Mendelssohn. Wagner, how-
ever, in a letter (July 13th, 1843) to his
half - sister, Cacilie Avenarius, referring to
the ceremony, describes both his composi-
tion and that of Mendelssohn as a Festgesang.
Wagner, by the way, in the letter to his
sister, curiously notes that his simple and
•elevated work totally eclipsed the compli-
cated and artificial strains of Mendelssohn.
Le Menestrel of April 8th states that there
is no trace of Mendelssohn's composition.
The Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of June 9th,
1843, published at Leipsic, in its account of
the ceremony gives, at any rate, the poems
of both compositions, and both are described
-as for male chorus. One begins, A .
Rer Tag erscheint, der Ihn uns wieder gab ;
the other,
Seht, die Hiille ist gefallen.
But the names of the respective composers
were, apparently, not thought worthy of
mention.
Scv.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Sunday Society Concert, 3.80, Queen's Hall.
— Sunday League Concert. 7. Queen's Hall.
Sat. Mischu Elman's Violin Recital. :!, Queen's Hall.
— Mozart Society. 3, Portman Rooms.
DRAMA
THE WEEK.
Comedy. — The Drums of Oude : a Minia-
ture Melodrama. By Austin Strong. —
Punch : a Toy Tragedy. By J. M.
Barrie. — Josephine : a Revue in Three
Scenes. By J. M. Barrie.
"What, a few years ago, was popularly
known as a triple bill now holds possession
of the Comedy Theatre, a house whereat
change has been frequent during the pre-
sent year. Of the novelties now given,
one, ' The Drums of Oude,' is a mere
conventional lever dt rideau, showing an
•episode, real or imaginary, in the Indian
Mutiny. Holding against the rebels an
Indian palace, an inmate of which is
the woman dearest to him in the world,
an English officer is on the point of
blowing it up, for the purpose of pre-
venting the seizure by the enemy
•of its stores and the subjection of its
female inmates to a fate worse than death,
when at the moment of supreme trial
relief arrives. Miss -Mabel Hackney pre-
sents the heroine, before whom so dismal
an alternative is placed by the man she
loves, who is played by Mr. Matheson
.Lang.
The following pieces are of common
authorship, and are both of them burlesque
actualities in the latest vein of Mr. J. M.
Barrie. According to the teaching of
' Punch,' the day of that comic miscreant
is over. He is a dim discrowned god,
and his thunders move nothing but
derision, and his business of hanging the
executioner, formerly an irresistible attrac-
tion, provokes nothing more than ribald
outcries. Once more the truncheon falls
with lethal effect on the head of a butcher
boy who, with indiscreet frankness, tells
Punch that his occupation is gone. Then,
announcing himself as the new Punchinello,
appears Mr. George Bernard Shaw under
the name of Superpunch, and exhibits
before a delighted public the new humour,
in presence of which the most recent
importation from Scandinavia seems super-
annuated. Mr. Boucicault gives a clever
representation of Punch, and Miss Eva
Moore is delightful as Judy, the sharer
in his tribulations. Mr. A. E. Anson
presents Mr. Bernard Shaw. Some pro-
test is uttered against this introduction
on the stage of a living dramatist. Such
an appearance is, however, justified by
the licence accorded to old Greek comedy.
Mr. Barrie's ' Josephine ' constitutes the
piece de resistance, so far as such a term
can be used in the case of a work so trivial.
It presents banter rather than satire upon
some aspects of political life, and as such
is polished and amiable, though not in any
sense dramatic. As a humorist Mr.
Barrie is indeed light, sparkling, inventive,
resourceful, but in dramatic grip there
has been a constant declension, and later
pieces are not to be compared in that
respect with ' The Little Minister,' or
even ' The Professor's Love Story.' The
vein of pretty sentiment in which Mr.
Barrie formerly indulged is absent, more-
over, from the later works ; and the un-
bridled drollery which brought with it
compensation for many shortcomings is
no longer assertive. In its place comes a
sort of freakishness which is effective when
it hits, but which does not always hit. It
is difficult to refuse admiration to the
cleverness of the workmanship, though the
sense of dullness is never far away.
The action of ' Josephine ' passes in three
scenes, whereof the first two take place
in the country house of Mr. John Buller,
and the third in his town mansion, which
is also the House of Commons. John
Buller, the somnolent type of the English-
man of old days, in blue coat, top boots,
and other signs of agricultural occupation,
has four sons, all of whom are anxious to
enjoy the supremacy, otherwise the conduct
of affairs, which involves the Premiership.
Each of these is distinguishable as some
recent Prime Minister or the representative
of some power in the State : Andrew,
given to ploughing a lonely furrow, is
Lord Rosebery ; James, with his vacilla-
tions, is Mr. Balfour ; and Colin is Sir
Henry Campbell- Bannerman ; while a
fourth — a huge and formidable figure —
is Bunting, standing for the Labour
party.
Not very brilliant in concept ion is all this j
nor do the amours of James with Josephine
or his dalliances with Free [Trade] or
Fair [Trade], two nymphs of rival and
well-balanced attractions, impart any
great probability or vivacity to the pro-
ceedings. All that can be done in the way
of acting to supply animation is done,
and the Josephine of Mr. Boucicault is
both comic and artistic. Humour is
shown in the portraj-al of the various
characters, but what is most effective
and risible belongs to detail, and is
scarcely inherent in the idea. Reluctant
as we are to judge by a critical standard
work so unpretentious, candour compels
the avowal that the whole, though un-
ambitious, must be regarded as failure.
The inception is trivial, and the execution
pedestrian. Whether a more trenchant
style of treatment would have been more
effective is capable of dispute. The un-
written law which banishes polities from
the stage seems invented in the interest
of the dramatist.
•LA REVOLTE' AND 'THE FOOL OF
THE WORLD.'
Produced by the New Stage Club on
Thursday, the 5th inst., and repeated last
Saturday, ' La Revolte,' by Villiers de l'lsle
Adam, translated by Lady Barclay, and
' The Fool of the World,' a morality by Mr.
Arthur Symons, have this in common, that
they are not plays at all, but literature : there
is not really a single moment of drama, of
dramatic action, in either of them ; they
are both the dreams of a poet about life
which has interested him only abstractly;
they are just thoughts about life, which is
itself a dream of the poet, and has little
reference to morality.
Thus, while in ' La Revolte ' we seem to
find an anticipation of the ' Doll's House,'
written by an " aristocratic " Ibsen — an
Ibsen who had once been a poet, a Symbolist
— its only possible interest for us now is its
curious historical significance as a sort of
forerunner of a drama which has interested
the world so deeply. It has no life in itself,
is fantastic, and in its immense seriousness
a little absurd, and thus it really bores us
on the stage in a way that it cannot do in
the study, where we may consider it easily
enough with the historic sense that is almost
impossible in the glare of the footlights.
It is the revolt of a " romantic " woman
who is married to a man of strictly practical
virtue that is without morality, and really
draws its life from the soul of the woman,
who — curiously, we may think — is even
better at affairs than her husband. In
spite of her success, for her ability has
made her husband rich, she revolts, and
wishes to live a free life in the country
without him ; for he disgusts her, as she
suggests, with his talent for meanness and
success. But as a matter of fact it is
merely his mediocrity that bores her; if
he were a more brilliant adventurer, she
would certainly worship him ; and even as
it is, though she leaves him, she soon
returns, and the last words she speaks are
really an expression of hopelessness at his
stupidity.
Miss Millicent Murphy as Elizabeth, the
wife, was at times excellent ; and if occa-
sionally monotonous, she is to be excused
when we remember how much of 'La ReVolte
is monologue. Mr. Vincent Nello could
make nothing of Felix, tho husband.
In the " Morality " of Mr. Arthur Symons
we have really a poem, delightful and
400
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4094, April 14, 1906
beautiful as just that, but a little lacking in
humanity, a little vague and indecisive.
Yet it has so much beauty of phrasing,
diction, and rhythm that it fascinated and
pleased rather than convinced. It had the
effect of a perfect quatrain— a quatrain
perhaps by Omar Khayyam, with much of
the indecision that is so fascinating to our
generation in those beautiful and sensuous
verses. Man, unhappy and restless, without
a thought of the sun or the earth, kneels in a
wood praying, when Death comes to him —
Death the Fool, who in cap and bells cries
up his Friendship, and, hearing Man's fears
of the spade, the coffin, and the worm,
summons them in scorn, that he may see
their feebleness, and learn their secret. Also
there come to him Youth, Middle Age, and
Old Age, no whit less ignorant of that which
must befall. But at last, in agony, Man
turns to Death himself, and begs the secret,
when, with a cry for Pity, Death confesses
that he is blind.
The verse of Mr. Symons — always so
precise and exquisite — loses much in the
mouth of an actor, though Mr. Vincent
Nello as Man and Miss Louise Selous as the
Fool certainly spoke carefully and with a
sense of music ; but we have lost the art of
speaking verse on the stage. A word of
praise must be given to Miss Amy Sawyer
for the designs of the dresses, which were
charming. E. H.
LE SONNET D'ARVERS.
22, Rue Servandoni, Paris (VI'), April 8, 1906.
In your issue for January 20th Mr. D. N.
Samson, after mentioning an imitation of
this sonnet by Pailleron, quotes some verses
by Cocquard (published in 1754), in which
Arvers's final idea is expressed a long time
before Arvers was born ; and Mr. Samson
suggests that Arvers had taken the idea
from Cocquard.
It has escaped Mr. Samson's notice that
Arvers honestly entitled his sonnet " imite
de l'italien." The quaint last verse, there-
fore, does not pretend to embody a personal
and original feeling, but simply reflects an
Italian concetto which Arvers, and previously
Cocquard, had found in their reading, with
the difference that Arvers did not conceal
the borrowing — while Cocquard did.
The history of literature is full of conscious
or unconscious imitation and reminiscences :
literary, as well as mechanical, inventions
continue to live, and even, parce detorta,
may pass for new inventions again. The
concetto which goes by the name of Arvers's
sonnet is an instance of this rule.
Now, who is the Italian sonnear de sonnets,
Petrarch or another, who was the originator
of this concetto ? That is the question. -
By the by, I may mention that in a recent
edition of Arvers's ' Poesies ' (Paris, 1900,
Introduction par Abel d'Avrecourt) is to be
found a facsimile of the celebrated sonnet,
with a note that it is " imite de l'italien "
in the author's own handwriting. The MS.
of the ' Poesies ' prepared by Arvers for the
press has been preserved. H. Gaidoz.
dramatic (Sassip.
The English Drama Society will give
three representations of ' Love's Labour 's
Lo6t ' on Tuesday, the 24th, and on the day
following in the afternoon and evening.
The performances will be held in the Blooms-
bury Hall. The cast will include Mr. Arthur
Curtis, Mr. Arthur Goodsall, Mr. Bertram
Forsyth, Miss Ina Royle, and Miss Isabel
Roland ; while new recruits are Miss
Katherine Stuart and Mr. Percy Goodyer.
No money will be taken at the doors, but
seats can be had from Mr. Nugent Monck
(the secretary), 20, Regent Street, S.W.
Mr. F. R. Benson will give at Stratford-
on-Avon on May 2nd a revival of the first
part of ' King Henry VI.,' to be followed on
the 3rd and 4th of the month by the second
and third parts. These will be the first
recorded performances of the plays since the
eighteenth century.
Mr. Fred Terry has renewed for a further
term of six months, beginning on January 1st,
1907, his lease of the New Theatre.
Mr. Lewis'* Waller will in October
remove from the Imperial to the Lyric, at
which house one of his earliest productions
will be a drama by Messrs. Henry Hamilton
and William Devereux on the subject of
Robin Hood. :■•■
The Mermaid Society has, we notice,
repaired its drooping head, and promises
at Terry's Theatre three afternoon per-
formances of a translation of ' The
Bezsemenovs ' of Maxim Gorki. ' Colombe's
Birthday ' is to be given in May ; while for
July are fixed some open-air presentations
of George's Peele's ' Arraignment of Paris.'
An English adaptation of ' Les Plumes du
Geai,' a four-act play of M. Jean Jullien,
given in February at the Theatre Moliere, is
being executed by Mr. Cosmo Hamilton for
Mr. Charles Frohman.
'Prunella; or, Love in a Dutch Gar-
den,' the Pierrot play by Messrs. Laurence
Housman and Granville Barker, will be
revived on the afternoon of the 24th inst. at
the Court Theatre, the scene of its first pro-
duction.
The main feature in the cast with which
'The Winter's Tale' will be given in the
autumn at His Majesty's is the engagement
of Mr. Charles Warner for Leontes.
The rights for Sweden of 'The Song of
Liberty,' a three-act drama by Mary C.
Rowsell and H. A. Saintsbury, have been
secured by the managers of the Folk Teater,
Gothenburg ; and the play will be produced
in the autumn. The scene is Strasburg in
the height of the Terror.
To Correspondents.— R. P. C— F. J. EL— H. G.—
Received. W. B.— J. M. C— Next week.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
We cannot undertake to reply to inquiries concerning the
appearance of reviews of books.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
MESSRS. BELL'S
NEW BOOKS.
Catalogues sent post free on application.
SIXTH AND CHEAPER EDITION.
With a, New Preface, demy 8vo, Us. (id. net
HENRY vTII. AND THE ENGLISH
MONASTERIES. By the Right Rev. ABBOT
GA8QUEF, D.D. O.S.B.
Paoe
Authors' Agents 438
Bagstkr A Sons 463
Bell & sons 46°
Catalogues 438
Educationai 437
Exhibitions 437
Financial Review 439
Gardeners' Chronicle 439
hwrst & blackett 440
Insurance Companies 463
Sampson Low, Marston & Co 463
Macmillan & Co *40
Miscellaneous 438
Mudie's Library 438
Newspaper Agents 438
Notbs and Queries 462
Nutt 463
Provident Institutions 437
Religious Tract Society 464
sales by Auction 438
Situations Vacant 437
Situations Wanted 437
Smith, Kldhr & Co. - •• 461
Type-writers' 438
UNWIN *»
OTHER WORKS BY ABBOT GASQUET.
Demy 8vo, 12*. net.
HENRY HI. AND THE CHURCH :
a Study of his Ecclesiastical Policy and of the Relations,
between England and Rome.
NEW AND REVISED EDITION.
6«. net.
THE EVE OF THE REF0RMA-
TION. Studies in the Religious Life and Thought of
the English People in the Period preceding the Rejec-
tion of the Romish Jurisdiction by Henry MIL
NEW VOLUMES OF
BOHN'8 8TANDARD LIBRARY.
Post 8vo, 3s. 6d. each.
HAZLITT'S VIEW OF THE
ENGLISH STAGE; or, a Series of Dramatic Criticismsi,
Edited by W. SPENCER JACKSON.
EMERSON'S WORKS. A New
Edition in 5 vols., with the Text Edited and Collated by
GEORGE SAMPSON.
SECOND EDITION, REVISED.
Post 8vo, Is. 6d. net.
THE LOGIC OF VEGETARIANISM,
Essays and Dialogues. By HENRY S. SALT.
THE YORK LIBRARY.
A NEW SERIES OF REPRINTS ON THIN PAPER.
Small 8vo, 2*. net in cloth, and 3s. net in leather.
NEW VOLUME.
PLUTARCH'S LIVES. Translated,
with Notes and a Life, by AUBREY STEWART, M.A.,
and GEORGE LONG, M.A. Vol. I.
NEW EDITION, REVISED, crown 8vo, 5*. net,
CITIES AND SIGHTS OF SPAIN,
A Handbook for Travellers. By Mrs. A. LE BLOND>
(Mrs. Main). With numerous Illustrations and Maps.
BELL'8 CATHEDRAL 8ERIE8.
PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED.
In specially designed cloth cover, crown 8vo, 1*. 6d. net each.
"The series bids fair to become an indispensable com-
panion to the cathedral tourist in England."— Times.
iVOW READY.
ENGLISH CATHEDRALS. An Itineraryand Description
—BRISTOL— CANTERBURY— CARLISLE— CHESTER—
CHICH ESTER — DURHAM — ELV — EXETER — GLOU-
CESTER — HEREFORD — LICHFIELD — LINCOLN —
MANCHESTER — NORWICH - OXFORD - PETER-
BOROUGH —RIPON - ROCHESTER-ST. ALBAN'S —
ST ASAPH-ST. DAV1D-S-ST. PATRICK'S, DUBLIX
—ST PAUL'S— SALISBURY — SOUTH WARK— SOUTH-
WELL — WELLS — WINCHESTER — WORCESTER —
YORK.
Uniform with above Series. Js. 6d. net each. .
ST MARTIN'S CHURCH, CANTERBURY-BEVERLEY
MINSTER — WIMBORNE MINSTER and CHRIST-
CHURCH PRIORY — TEWKESBURY ABBEY and
DEERHURST PRIORY — BATH ABBEY, MALMES-
BURY ABBEY, and BRADFORD-ON-AVON CHURCH-
WESTMINSTER ABBEY— STRATFORD-ON-AVON.
BELL'8 HANDBOOK8 TO
CONTINENTAL CHURCHES.
PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED.
Crown 8vo, cloth, 2k. 6d. net each.
CHARTRES: the Cathedral" and other Churches —
ROUEN: the Cathedral and other Churches— AMIENS r.
the Cathedral and other Churches— Paris (NOTRE-DAME>
—MONT ST. MICHEL— BAYEUX.
London : GEORGE j BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N°4094, April 14, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
461
SMITH, ELDER &^ GO'S PUBJ^IC ATIONS.
MRS. HUMPHRY WARD'S NEW NOVEL
READY ON MAY 3. With Illustrations by ALBERT STERNER. Crown 8vo, 6s.
F E N W I C K'S CAREER
BY
MRS. HUMPHRY WARD.
THE VICTORIAN CHANCELLORS. Vol. I.
By J. B. ATLAY, Barrister-at-Law. With Elustrations, demy Svo, 14s. net.
DAILY MAIL. — "Mr. Atlay's book will take high rank, for it brings important
"political lives in an accessible form."
*»* The work will be completed in a Second Volume.
ROBERT BROWNING AND ALFRED DOMETT.
Edited by F. G. KENYON, D.Litt. F.B. A. With 3 Portraits.
DAILY TELEGRAPH.—" This delightful book."
Crown 8vo, 5s. net.
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING IN HER
LETTERS. By PERCY LUBBOCK. With a Portrait Crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. net
ACADEMY. — " A study which we think is deserving of a place in English literature."
SEVENTY YEARS' FISHING. By Charles George
BARRINGTON, C.B. With a Frontispiece. Small demy 8vo, 10s. 8d. net
FIELD.— "The book of a good sportsman and a good- angler, from which even the
most modern disciple of the light rod philosophy cannot Dut learn much."
A WOMAN OF WIT AND WISDOM : a Memoir of
Mrs. Elizabeth Carter, one of the " Bas Bleu " Society (1717-1S06). By ALICE C. C.
GAUSSEN, Author of 'A Later Pepys.' With Illustrations. Large post Svo,
7s. 6d. net
COURT JOURNAL. — " Miss Gaussen has given us a striking picture of this interesting
personality .... It is written in an agTeeable and readable style, and adds much to onr
.knowledge of a sprightly and accomplished woman."
WITH M0U.NTED INFANTRY IN TIBET.
By Brevet-Major W. J. OTTLEY, 34th Sikh Pioneers. With 48 pages of Illustrations.
10s. 6d. net
ARMY AND XA VY GAZETTE.— "Certainlyone of the most interesting descriptions
■of military service we should wish to have. The book is very profusely illustrated with
-excellent pictures from photographs."
PROM A COLLEGE WINDOW. By Arthur Christopher
BENSON, Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge. Large post 8vo, 7s. 6d. net
[On May 3.
Large post 8vo, 7s. 6d. net
A SUMMER RIDE THROUGH WESTERN TIBET.
By JANE E. DUNCAN. With 93 Illustrations and a Map. Demy 8to, 14s. net
[ Just published.
THE SMALL GARDEN BEAUTIFUL AND HOW
TO MAKE IT SO. By A. C. CURTIS, Author of ' A New Trafalgar,' &c. With a
Coloured Frontispiece, 16 Half-Tone Illustrations, and several Plans Small demy
8vo, 7s. 6d. [Just published.
WESLEY AND HIS CENTURY: a Study in Spiritual
Forces. By W. H. FITCHETT, B.A. LLD. With a Photogravure Frontispiece and
4 Facsimiles of Letters, &c. Small demy Svo, 6s. net [Shortly
THE UPTON LETTERS. By T. B.
SIXTH THOUSAND.
NINETEENTH CENTUR Y.—" The author of ' The Upton Letters ' ia an artist .... If
it comes to quoting, one would end by quoting the whole book ; it is a possession for
always."
THE ROLL-CALL OF WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
By E. T. BRADLEY (Mrs. A. Murray Smith), Author of ' Annals of Westminster
Abbey.' With 25 Full-Page Illustrations and 5 Plans. Large crown 8to, 6s.
FOURTH EDITION.
TRUTH.— "Incomparably the best of its kind that has yet appeared."
FIFTY YEARS OF FAILURE: Confessions of an
Optimist. With a Frontispiece. Small demy 8vo, 10s. 6d. net
SECOND IMPRESSION.
SPECTATOR.— "The author has written an autobiography without any incident at
all, yet whose interest never flags, and whose effect upon the reader is simply that of
happy distraction."
MEMOIR OF SIR HENRY KEPPEL, G.C.B.,
Admiral of the Fleet. By the Right Hon. Sir ALGERNON WEST, G.C.B. With
Portraits and Illustrations. Large post Svo, 7s. 6d. net.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
GLOBE.—" An attempt, and a very successful one, to record in brief compass the
main incidents of the prolonged life of an exceptionally brilliant sailor."
POPULAR SIX-SHILLING NOVEL8.
BROWNJOHN'S. By Mrs. Percy
IF YOUTH BUT KNEW.
By AGNES and EGERTON CASTLE.
With 20 Illustrations by Mr. LANCELOT SPEED.
FIRST LARGE IMPRESSION SOLD OUT.
SECOND IMPRESSION IN THE PRESS.
COUNTRY LIFE.— "The heroine is a type of woman-
hood as delightful as ever painter or poet dreamed of."
BY THE SAME AUTHORS.
ROSE OF THE WORLD.
SEVENTH IMPRESSION.
SALTED ALMONDS. By F. Anstey,
Author of ' Vice Versa,' Ac.
TRIBUNE.— "Full of good fun and most enjovable
For those who like laughter here are 300 page* at a cheap
price."
THE PRINCESS PRISCILLA'S
FORTNIGHT. By the Author of ' Elizabeth and her
German Garden.'
FOURTH IMPRESSION.
SPECTATOR.— "I'riscilln is one of the most engaging
•characters we have met in fiction for years."
DEARMER.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
SPECTATOR.— "It is seldom that the reviewer is
fortunate enough to be obliged, as a duty, to read so
admirable a little comedy. . . .Mrs. Dearmer not only touches
but sustains, exactly the right note, and her little boys are
as entertaining as they are mischievous."
THE POISON OF TONGUES. By
M. E..CARR.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
TRUTH'S advice:— "Do you want to know of a really
good and interesting novel? Get 'The Poison of Tongues.'
It is enthralling."
MR BAXTER, SPORTSMAN. By
CHARLES FIELDING MARSH, Author of 'God's
Scholars.'
SCOTSMAN.—" This readable novel."
OLD MR. LOVELACE : a Sketch in
Four Parts. By CHRISTIAN TEARLE, Author of
'The Vice-Chancellor's Ward,' Ac.
MA NCH ESTER QUA RDIA N.—" A charming sketch ....
There are several episodes of an admirable humour."
PALL MALL GAZETTE.-" The best 3s. 6d
series in the market."
THE WATERLOO LIBRARY.
NEW VOLUMES READY OR NEARLY READY.
THE BRASS BOTTLE.
By F. ANSTEY.
With a Frontispiece. [Just published.
THE LOG OF A SEA-WAIF.
By FRANK T. BULLEN, F.R.O.R.
With S Full-Page Illustrations by ARTHUR TWIDLE.
[Just published.
THE GAMEKEEPER AT HOME.
By R I C H A R D J E F F E R I E S.
With numerous Illustrations. [Shortly.
DICK : a Story without a Plot.
By G. F. BRA DRY. Crown Svo, 38. 6d.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
COURT JOURNA A,.— "The humour of Mr. Bradbys new
book is of the most rare type, depending not on forced
situations and grotesque dialogue, but on keen observation
of human nature."
V Mesjrs. SMITH, ELDER & CO. will be happy to seni a CATALOGUE of their PUBLICATIONS post free on application.
London: SMITH, ELDER & CO. 15, Waterloo Place, S.W.
462
THE ATIIENJEUM
if 4004 April 1 L 1906
M
<< r\
Lkakned, Chatty, Uskful." — Atlmuium.
That DELIGHTFUL REPOSITORY OK loi:<;oTTEN LORE, ' NOTES AND QUERIES.' "
J£diul)(ir<jh Juvii'UJ, October, 1880.
Every Saturday, of any Bookseller or Newsagent in England, price id. ; or free by post to the Continent, 4 \d.
NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTERCOMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN AND GENERAL READERS.
• *
Subscription, 10*. 3d. /or Six Months ; 20#. Gd, for Twelve Months, including postage.
The NINTH SERIES of NOTES AND QUERIES, complete in 12 vols.
(JANUARY, 1898, to DECEMBER, 1903), price 10s. 6d. each Volume,
contains, in addition to a great variety of similar Notes and Replies,
Articles of Interest on the following Subjects.
FIRST SELECTION.
AMERICANA.
President J. Adams's Biography — Sarah Flower Adams and
Mrs. Beecher Stowe — The Alabama and Lord John Russell —
Alewife, an American Fish — Discovery of America — Study
of Dante in America — Genealogical Research in America —
England and Scotland reproduced in America — America v.
United States — Raleigh in America — British Suzerainty in
South America — Losses in American Civil War — Value of
American Diplomas and Degrees — American Orthography.
BIBLIOGRAPHY and LITERARY HISTORY.
Addison and TeDnyson — Harrison Ainsworth — " Anne of
Swansea," her Works — AnoDym : Autonym — ' Abbey of
Kilkhampton' — 'Butterfly's Ball and the Grasshopper's
Feast' — 'The Coming K — ' — ' History of the Rod ' — Junius's
Letters — ' Nova Solyma ' — ' Twelve Profits of Tribulation '
— Matthew Arnold — Arnold of Rugby — H. S. Ashbee —
Poet Laureate's Birthplace — Authors' Mistakes — Francis
Bacon, his Mistakes in Classical Names — Philip James
Bailey — Barclay's ' Argenis ' — Bibliography of the Bicycle —
History of Bookselling and Publishing — Book-Sale Cata-
logues— Riming Warnings to Book- Borrowers — Books and
Bookmen — E. B. and Robert Browning — Michael Bruce
and Logan — Bunyan and the ' Pilgrim's Progress ' —
Peculiar Words in Burns — Burton's ' Anatomy ' — Ode on
Byron's Death.
BIOGRAPHY.
Bridget Abbot — Two George Abbots, contemporary M.P.s —
Adam the Carthusian and Adam the Scot — Elizabeth Alkin,
" Parliament Joan " — Annie of Tharau — General Benedict
Arnold — Dr. Barry, Female Army Doctor — Beaconsfield's
Birthplace — Cardinal Beaton's Reputed Marriage — Admiral
Bligh — Bonaparte's Attempted Invasion of England — John
Bond, two Puritan Divines — Ctosar Borgia's Parentage —
Cobham Brewer's Monument — Robert Bruce's Heart.
ECCLESIASTICAL MATTERS-
Collect for Advent Sunday — Alfriston Registers — Wood-
carvings at Allhallows the Great, Upper Thames Street —
Cushions on the Altar — Anchorites and Low Side Windows
— Angels, their Traditional Representation — Martyr Bishop
of Armagh — Christian Basilicas — Bell Inscriptions — Bell-
ringers' Rimes — "Breeches," "Treacle," "Vinegar," and
" Wicked " Bibles — Bishops' Signatures.
FOLK-LORE and POPULAR ANTIQUITIES.
Acervation, the Custom — Animals in People's Insides —
Animals Tried and Sentenced — Apple Blossoms in Coffins —
Wassailing the Apple Tree — White Gloves at Assizes
— Cutting Baby's Nails — Baptismal and Marriage Super-
stitions— Bees — Bird of the Soufriere — Bluebeard, the
Original — Borrowing Days — Building Customs.
GENEALOGY and HERALDRY.
Acts of the Apostles as a Christian Name — Agnes a Fate-
ful Name — Algernon, its Origin — Alias in Family Names
— Ancestors Dtfined — Soldier Ancestors — Andrews Family
of Cornwall — Angier or Aungier Family — Anglo-8axon
Heraldry — Arbuthnott Family — Archer Family — Armigerous
Families — Arms of Continental Cities, and of Boroughs and
Dioceses — Foreign Arms in England — "Bar sinister"
Arms of Ulster in Baronet's Shield — Bear and Ragged 8taff
— Bibliography of Heraldry — Bulls in Coats of Arms-
Borough English Succession — Bristow Family.
HISTORY: ENGLISH, IRISH, and SCOTTISH.
Abbot of Westminster's Plot, 1399 — LoDg Administrations
— South African War, Newspaper Correspondents Killed and
Wounded — King Alfred, the Truth-teller and England's
Darling — Lines on Queen Anne — Queues worn in the Army
— Chain-mail in the Army — KiDg Arthur's Crown — The
Indian Mutiny and the Athenaum — Duchy of Berwick
Boadicea or Boudicca — Anne Boleyn's Execution — Battle of
the Bovne— Britain as " Queen of Isles " and " Empress of
the Main" — British Academy, its Foundation Members.
PHILOLOGY and GRAMMAR.
Short a v. Italian a — A or an before h sounded — Accent
and Etymology — Accorder, its Derivation — Extraordinary
Adjectives — Affection and Connexion, their False Forms —
African Names, their Pronunciation and Derivation —
Alamains, its Meaning — "Alright" for "All right"
— Erroneous use of " And which" — Anglo-Hebrew Slang —
Anglo-Saxon Speech — Anyone : Everyone — Appendicitis —
Peculiar Use of "Arrived" — Barracked, Colonial 81ang—
Babk Language — Bayard, Horse-name — Bezique — Bird-
eyed — Bletheramskite — Bonnet-laird : Cock-laird — Bride-
wain, its Meaning — Bridge, the Card Game, its Derivation.
PROVERBS and QUOTATIONS.
South Africa, " grave of great reputations" — "Devil
walking through Athlone " — "A far cry to Loch Awe" —
" All Cooper's ducks with me" — " All roads lead to Rome"
— " Babies in the eyes " — " Save one's bacon " — " Baff
week " — " Be the day weary " — " Beatific vision " — "Better
to have loved and lost " — " Between the devil and the deep
sea"— "Blood is thicker than water "—" Box Harry"—
" Bristol look "— " Broaching the Admiral."
TOPOGRAPHY.
Achill Island, its History — "Gibraltar and Malta" at
Albert Gate — Aldersgate, its Name — Aldgate and White-
chapel — Amen Court, its Name — Argh as Termination —
Arundel and Ash, Place-names — Meaning of " Bailey " —
Ball's Pond Road — Barras, Bayswater, Beaulieu, and
Bibury as Place-names— Changes in Bream's Buildings.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, E.C.
N° 4094, April 14, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
463
TENTH EDITION, price Two Shillings.
CELESTIAL MOTION S
A Handy Book of Astronomy.
Tenth Edition. With 3 Plates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.,
Associate of King's College, London ; Lay Reader in the Diocese of Southwark,
Author of ' Remarkable Comets,' ' Remarkable Eclipses,' • Astronomy for the Young,' &c.
" Well known as one of our best introductions to astronomy." — Guardian.
London : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
EIGHTH EDITION, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
REMARKABLE ECLIPSES:
A Sketch of the most interesting Circumstances connected with the
Observation of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, both in Ancient and Modern Times.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
THIRTEENTH EDITION, JUST OUT, price Sixpence, cloth.
REMARKABLE COMETS:
A Brief Survey of the most interesting Facts in the History of Cometary
Astronomy.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
FOURTH EDITION, Revised to 1905, NOW READY, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
ASTRONOMY FOR THE YOUNG.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
SECOND EDITION NOW READY, price One Shilling.
BIBLE CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Becorded in the Holy Scriptures, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates, with a Description of the Places named,
and a Supplement on English Versions.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
"This compendious and useful little work." — Guardian, March 14, 1906.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
SECOND EDITION, fcap. 8vo, price Fourpence.
NEW TESTAMENT CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Recorded in the New Testament, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
NEXT WEEK'S ATHENEUM will contain
Articles on TWO BOOKS ON EGYPT;
RESEARCH NOTES; and the late SIR
WYKE BAYLISS' SEVEN ANGELS OF
THE RENASCENCE.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
DAVID NUTT,
57-59, LONG ACRE.
♦
FOLK-LORE.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE FOLK-LORE SOCIETY-
A Quarterly Review of Myth, Tradition,
Institution, and Custom.
(Incorporating the ArchceologUal Revinc and the
Folk- Lore Journal.)
VoL XVIL No. 1. 5». net (5#. 3d. post free).
Contents.
MINUTES OF MEETINGS — November 15 and Decem-
ber 20, 1905.
TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING— January 17,.
1906.
THE TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
COUNCIL, January 17, 1906.
TREASURER'S CASH ACCOUNT.
BALANCE SHEET.
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. W. H. D. ROUSE.
THE EUROPEAN SKY - GOD. IV. THE CELTS.
ARTHUR BERNARD COOK.
COLLECTANEA.— Cropping Animals' Ears (with Plate I.).
J. SM EATON CHASE.— Cats Cradle. W. INNES-
POCOCK.— Additions to 'The Games of Argyleshire.
R. C. MACLAGAN.
CORRESPONDENCE :— The Native Tribes of South-East
Australia. A. W. HO WITT.— 'The Shade of the
Balkans.' M. EDITH DURHAM.— Does the Folk-
Lore Society Exist for the Study of Early Institutions?
H. A. ROSE. — Hand Impressions instead of Seals.
W. G. ASTON. — Betrothing Custom. WILLIAM
CROOK E.
REVIEWS :— K. Langloh Parker, ' The Euahlayi Tribe : a
Study of Aboriginal Life in Australia. E. S. HART-
LAND. — W. A. Reed, 'The Negritos of Zambales.'
W. CROOKE.— W. Barbrooke Grubb, 'Among the
Indians of the Paraguayan Chaco : a Story of Mis-
sionary Work in South America.' E. S. HARTLAND.
— M. Mauss, ' L'Origine des Pouvoirs Magiques dans les-
Societes Australiennes. E. S. HARTLAND.— K. Th.
Preuss, ' Der Ursprung der Religion und Kunst.'
R. R. MARETT.
Subscriptions to the FOLK-LORE SOCIETY (11. In.) are
now due, and should be paid to the Secretary, F. A.
MILNE, Esq., 11, Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, to whom
applications for Membership should be made. Membership-
entitles to the gratis reception of FOLK-LORE (4 Numbers
a year at 5n. each), an Extra Volume (generally issued at
15s. to Non-Members), and attendance at the Evening
Meetings.
Full Lists of the Society's Publications may be had on
application to the Publisher.
For Acidity of the Stomach.
For Heartburn and Headache.
For Gout and Indigestion.
D
INNEFORD'S
M
A G N E S I A.
For Sour Eructations and Bilious Affections.
A Safe and most effective Aperient for
regular use.
Insurance (ftnmnanies.
RATIONAL PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION
FOR
MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE.
Estah. 1835.
ASSURANCE AND INVESTMENT.
Write for Leaflet on
NET COST OF ENDOWMENT ASSURANCES.
48, GUAOEOHURCH STREET, LONDON, E.C.
ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS, SICKNESS,
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, BURGLARY, AND
FIDELITY GUARANTEE RISKS
INsntKP AHAINST ISY TIIK
RAILWAY PASSENGERS1 ASSURANCE CO.
Cnvitiil (fully labacribadl £ i.nonnno.
64, COUMIII.I, LONDON.
i taunt paid fs,<yw,n<w
A. vi an. Bwntur.
464
THE ATHENAEUM
N° 4094, April 14, 1906
SOME IMPORTANT BOOKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED BY
THE RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY.
A DEVOTIONAL COMMENTARY.
Bible students and Bible readers have long felt the necessity for some Commentary which should
aim simply and solely at helping the spiritual life of those who use it. There is no lack of Commentaries
which approach the text of Holy Scripture from the critical side ; nor yet of those which, in addition to
being critical, are exegetical. But it is difficult for Bible readers to rind modern Commentaries dealing
with the books of the Bible solely as helps to belief and to right conduct. The Religious Tract Society
is now producing a Series of Volumes designed to fill this gap. In every case the aim will be so to
comment upon the words of Holy Scripture as to help the spiritual life of the reader. Every volume
will be primarily and distinctively a devotional volume— a book which the Bible reader can take up day
by day, and find it aid him in applying the words of Holy Scripture to the needs of his own personal
character and life.
THE FOLLOWING VOLUMES ARE NOW READY.
MOULE — THE SECOND EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. Short
Devotional Studies on the Dying Letter of St. Paul. By H. C. G. MOULE, D.D., Bishop of
Durham. Large crown 8vo, cloth gilt, price 2s.
" Many readers will find this book a help in quickening their understanding of St. Paul's
i of the Epistle is as sympathetic and devotional as it is simple.'"
It is well conceived, and written with Dr. Moule's usual care and finish.
The G UA RDIA N says :
words ; indeed, the treatment
The GLASGOW UERALD says :
MEYER— THE EPISTLE TO THE PHILIPPIANS. By Rev.
F. B. MEYER, B.A. Price 2s.
The WESTMINSTER GAZETTE says:— "It is manifestly full of valuable suggestions. Readers, and perhaps we
*nav add preachers, will find it rich in thoughts which will be helpful in the spiritual life." .
The CHRISTIAN WORLD says :— " All the characteristic features of Mr. Meyer's work are here Certainly the
nature of Philippians well lends itself to Mr. Meyer's method of exposition."
ELDER CUMMING.— THE PSALMS : their Spiritual Teaching.
By Rev. Dr. J. ELDER CUMMING. To be issued in 3 vols. Price 2s. per vol. Vols. I.
(Ps. I.-XLI.) and II. (Ps. XLII. -LXXXIX. ) now ready.
The SCOTSM A N says : —"Dr. Elder Cumming's expositions are models of what such expositions should be. Brief,
lucid, and pervaded by tine spiritual feeling, they will do more to bring the Psalms into heart and life than many of the
larger standard works." I ,,.',. • ^ • ^v
The RECORD says : — *' The reader is helped to feel the Psalms, and nowhere is that more conspicuous than m the
Psalms which have a personal origin and application. Certainly the work will make the Psalms live again to many readers."
BOOKS BY THE LATE DR. S. G. GREEN.
A HANDBOOK OF CHURCH HISTORY. From the
Apostolic Era to the Dawn of the Reformation. By SAMUEL G. GREEN, D.D., Author of
'A Handbook of Old Testament Hebrew,' &c. With Full Dates, Chronological Tables, and
Index. 640 pages, price 6*. net.
The TIMES says :— "It is a capable and lucid narrative, which seems to succeed in treating a history which covers
-fourteen and a half centuries in not too sketchy a manner, and which is not intent in establishing any partisan doctrine."
The DAILY NEWS says :— " It is an interesting synoptic view of the history of the Western Church."
The SCOTS MAN says :— " It gives an able and interesting presentation of a subject which has often been made
-repellent by the manner in which it was treated."
The GLASGOW HERALD says :— It is a marvel of cheapness."
THE BIBLE HANDBOOK: an Introduction to the Study of
Holy Scripture. By the late JOSEPH ANGUS, D.D. New Edition, thoroughly Revised, and
in part Rewritten by SAMUEL G. GREEN, D.D. Large crown 8vo, 848 pp., price 6«. net.
I)R. Mlkkay, the Warden of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, says :— "The more I look into it the more I value it. On
-the New Testament especially it seems to me to contain in a concise form all that a student can want to show him what
are the points on which the best modern commentators are agreed, and what are the questions that are under discussion.
The sobriety of judgment and the width of reading that have gone to the production of this part of the work seem to be
equally remarkable." .
The BRITISH WEEKL Y says :— " This handbook contains a mass of information which cannot elsewhere be found
in so convenient and compact a form."
A HANDBOOK TO OLD TESTAMENT HEBREW. Containing
an Elementary Grammar of the Language, Reading Lessons, Exercises, and Notes. Edited by
SAMUEL G. GREEN, D.D. Demy 8vo, cloth, price 10*. 6c?.
HANDBOOK TO THE GRAMMAR OF THE GREEK NEW
TESTAMENT. Together with a complete Vocabulary and an Examination of the chief New
Testament Synonyms. Illustrated by numerous Examples and Comments. By the Rev. S. G.
GREEN, D.D. 8vo, cloth, price 7*. 6U
A COMPLETE VOCABULARY OF THE GREEK TESTAMENT.
With a Collection of Synonyms. Reprinted from ' The Handbook to the Grammar of the Greek
Testament.' By SAMUEL G. GREEN, D.D. Demy 8vo, price 2*. cloth.
A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO NEW TESTAMENT GREEK.
By the Rev. S. G. GREEN, D.D. Present-Day Primers, No. 4. Price Is. cloth, KEY TO
THE ABOVE INTRODUCTION. By Prof. S. W. GREEN, M.A. Price Is. These 2 vols,
bound together, price Is. 6d. cloth.
"THE SUNDAYS OF THE
YEAR" SERIES.
READY THIS DAY, large crown 8vo, cloth gilt, price 3«. dd»
ASHES OF ROSES,
And Other Bible Studies.
By Rev. WILLIAM L. WATKINSON,
Author of 'The Transfigured Sackcloth,' 'The Education of
the Heart,' &c.
With a Photogravure Portrait of the Author.
The RECORD says:— "Mr. Watkinson ha* a wonderful
capacity for seizing upon a single thought in Holy Scripture,
looking at it in a way of his own, and drawing from it
lessons which are never forced or unnatural, and yet do not
lie upon the surface."
The METHODIST RECORDER says: — "The latest
volume of ' The Sundays of the Year ' series is by the Rev.
W. L. Watkinson, and contains fifty - three "delightful
studies, which, in variety of interest, piquancy of style, and
felicity of illustration, will compare favourably witfi any of
his published sermons."
Uniform with the above, the following volume* have recently
been issued in "THE SUNDAYS OF THE YE All'' Seriea.
MOULE —THOUGHTS FOR
SUNDAYS OF THE YEAR.
By Right Rev. H. C. G. MOULE, D.D., Bishop of
Durham. Ninth Impression nearly exhausted. Crown
8vo, cloth gilt, with Photogravure Portrait of Bishop
Moule, price 3s. (id. Also bound in padded paste grain,
price 6a'. net.
The RECORD says :— " There is not a chapter in the book
which does not yield some wise direction, some searching
or some bracing thought."
J. D. JONES.-ELIMS OF LIFE.
By Rev. J. D. JONES, M.A. B.D., of Bournemouth^
Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, with Photogravure Portrait of
Author, price 3*. 6rf.
The BRITISH WEEKLY says:— "The sermons are fresh,
living, and contain very direct appeals to conscience. The
interest is never allowed to flag."
WELLDON.— YOUTH AND DUTY.
By Right Rev. J. E. C. WELLDON, D.D., Canon of
Westminster, late Head Master of Harrow SchooL
Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, with Photogravure Portrait of
Author, price 3& 6d.
The DAILY NEWS says :— "They are sermons that reach
a boy's heart."
The CHRISTIAN WORLD says :—" They are just what
sermons to boys should be. "
SPURGEON.-GRACE TRIUMPHANT
By CHARLES HADDON SPURGEON. Crown 8vo,
cloth gilt, with Photogravure Portrait of Author,
price 3*. 6rf.
The GUARDIAN says:— "These sermons are marked by
personal thought and experience. The man himself speaks
to us in them."
GRIFFITH THOMAS— THE
APOSTLE PETER.
By Rev. W. H. GRIFFITH THOMAS, B.D., Principal
of Wyeliffe Hall, Oxford. Crown Svo, cloth gilt, with
Photogravure Portrait of Author, price 3*. 6d.
The BRITISH WEEKLY says :— " Mr. Thomas's brief
expositions are full of luminous interpretations of St.
Peter's life and character."
CHARLES BROWN-LIGHT
AND LIFE.
By Rev. CHARLES BROWN, of Ferine Park Chapel,
London. Crown Svo, cloth gilt, with Photogravure
Portrait of Author, price 8*. tid.
The DAILY NEWS says:— "The sermons contain keen,
searching analyses of human motives ; they vibrate kith
feeling ; thev are intensely practical."
CHADWICK.— PILATE'S GIFT.
By Right Rev. G. A. CHADWICK, D.D., Bishop of
Derry. Crown Svo, cloth gilt, price S& (kl.
The PALL MALL GAZETTE says :— " Perhaps the
people who go in for homiletical literature would be still
more numerous if it were always marked by the vigour and
good sense of the Bishop of Derry's volume."
HESBA STRETTON —THE
PARABLES OF OUR LORD.
By HESBA STRETTON. Crown Svo, cloth gilt, with
Photogravure Portrait of Hesba Stretton, price 3.*. 6d.
The CHRISTIAN WORLD says :— " Miss Hesba Stretton
writes simply, sincerely, touchingly, and her way of putting
old and familiar truths may reach her hearers as the words
of others have not done."
THE RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY, 4, Bouverie Street, E.C.
Editorial Communications should be addref6e.l to "THE EDITOR"— Ad\ert»en.ents and Business Letters to "THE PUBLISHERS"— at tie Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lone. E.C.
Published Weekly by JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS at Breams Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C, and Printed by J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Athenooum Press, Bieam's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C
Agents for Scotland, Messrs. BELL * BRADFl'TE and Mr. JOHN MENZIES Edinburgh.-Saturday, April 14, 1906.
THE ATHEN^EU
Journal of (BttjUsI) attfc jf 0m0tt Uitoatar*, %tuntt, t\}t JFhte i&rte,
S^f
w fmiif^,/
No. 4095.
SATURDAY, APRIL 21, 1906.
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
E
lEtctures.
OYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN,
ALBEMARLE STREET, PICCADILLY, W.
LECTURE ARRANGEMENTS AFTER
EASTER, 1906.
TUESDAYS. Lecture Hour, 5 o'clock.
Prof. G. BALDWIN BROWN. MA. TWO LECTURES on
••GREEK CLASSICAL DRESS IN LIFE AND I.N ART.' On
TUESDAYS. April 34, May 1 mt :» o'clock!.
Prof. WILLIAM STIRLING, M.D. LL.D. D.Sc., Fullerian Professor
of Physiology. R.T. THREE LECTURES on GLANDS AND
THEIR PRODUCTS.' tin TUESDAYS, Mav 8, in, 22.
Col. V. BALCK. TWO LECTURES on NORTHERN WINTER
SPORTS.' On TUESDAYS, May 29, June 5.
THURSDAYS. Lecture Hour, 5 o'clock.
P. CHALMERS MITCHELL. Esq.. M. A. D.Sc. Sec. 7..S. THREE
LECTURES on 'THE DIGESTIVE TRACT IN BIRDS AND
MAMMALS.' On THURSDAYS. April 20. May 3.
The Rev. .7. P. MAHAFFY. C.V.O. D.D. D C.L. TWO LECTURES
on (II 'THE EXPANSION OF OLD GREEK LITERATURE BY
RECENT DISCOVERIES': 121 'THE INFLUENCE OF PTOLEMAIC
EGYPT ON GR.ECO-ROMAN CIVILISATION.1 On THURSDAYS,
Mav 10, 17.
Prof. WILLIAM .T. SOLLAS, LL D. D.Sc F.R.S. THREE LEC-
TURES on MAN AND THE GLACIAL PERIOD.' On THURS-
DAYS, May 24, 31, June 7.
SATURDAYS. Lecture Hour, 3 o'clock.
Prof. CHARLES WALDSTEIN. Litt.D. Ph.D. THREE LEC
TURES on 'ENGLISH FURNITURE IN THE EIGHTEENTH
CENTURY.1 On SATURDAYS. April 28. Mav 5, 12.
Prof. Sir J AMES DEWAR, LL.D. D.Sc. F.R.S.. Fullerian Professor
of Chemistrv. R.I. TWO LECTURES on THE OLD AND THE
NEW CHEMISTRY.' On SATURDAYS. June 19, 20.
Prof. W. MACNEILE DIXON. MA. Litt.D. TWO LECTURES
on (1! 'THE ORIGINS OF POETRY'; (21 INSPIRATION IN
POETRY.' On SATURDAYS, June 2, 9.
Subscription (to Non-MeinbcrsI to all Courses of Lectures (extending
from Christmas to Midsummer!. Two Guineas. Subscription to a
si nek' Course of Lectures One Guinea, or Haifa-Guinea, according to
the length of the Course. Tickets issued Daily at the Institution, or
-sent by i>ost on receipt of Cheque or Post-Office Order.
Members may purchase not less than Three Single Lecture Tickets,
available for anv Afternoon Lecture, for Half a Guinea.
The FRIDAY EVENING MEETINGS will be RESUMED on
APRIL 27, at 9 r.M.. when Prof. JOHN W. GREGORY will give a
Discourse on 'ORE DEPOSITS AM) THEIR DISTRIBUTION IN
DEPTH.' Succeeding Discourses will prolwblv be given by the Hon.
CHARLES A. PARSONS. Prof. J. H. POYNT1NG, Prof. "ARTHUR
SCHUSTER. Mr. LEONARD HILL Prof. H. MOISSAN, Prof. Sir
JAMES DEWAR, and other Gentlemen. To these Meetings
Members and their Friends onlv are admitted.
Persons desirous of becoming Members are requested to apply to the
SECRETARY. When proixised they are immediately admitted to all
the Lectures, to the Friday Evening Meetings, and to the Library and
Reading Rooms ; and their Families are admitted to the Lectures at
a reduced charge. Payment : First Year. Ten Guineas ; afterwards,
Five Guineas a Year ; or a comiiosition of Sixty Guineas.
ON THE FOUNDATION OF THE HIBBERT
TRUST.-Prof. FRANZ CUHOKT. of the University of Qand,
■will give THREE PUBLIC LECTURES in MANCHESTER
COLLEGE. OXFORD, on THE RELIGIONS OF THE EAST IN
ROMAN PAGANISM.1 MONDAY, April 30. WEDNESDAY, May 2,
t'RIDAY, May 4, at 5 p.m. The Lectures will be delivered in French.
$0cietus.
THE FOLK - LORE SOCIETY. — The NEXT
MEETING of the SOCIETY Will he held at 22. ALBEMARLE
STREET, PICCADILLY, on WEDNESDAY, April 2.1, at X p.m..
■when Mr. W. L. HIIDBURGH will Exhibit, and read a Descriptive
Paper on, a Collection of Spanish Amulets in his possession : and a
Paper on 'THE SCAPEGOAT IN EUROPE' will be read by Mr.
N.W.THOMAS. F. A. MILNE, Secretary.
11, Old Square, Lincoln's Inn. April 12, 190U.
ROYAL LITERARY FUND
(For the Assistance of Authors and their Families).
His Excellency the Hon. WHITELAW REID, American Ambassador,
Will take the Chair
At the 116th ANNIVERSARY,
At the WHITEHALL ROOMS, HOTEL METROPOLE,
On THURSDAY, May 10, at 7 for 7.30 p.m. precisely.
This la the only occasion in the year when an appeal is made to the
Public, and the Committee earnestly invite donations in aid of the
work of the Fund.
Early replies (before APRIL 301 are respectfully requested from
Ladies and Gentlemen invited to he Stewards. Acceptance of a
Stewardship does not involve any obligation beyond thai mentioned
in the invitation, nor does it necessarily entail attendance at the
Dinner. Donations will lie gratefully acknowledged bv the Secretary,
A. LLEWELYN ROBERTS.'
40, Denison House, 298, Vauxhall Bridge Road. S.W.
0
exhibitions.
LD BRITISH SCHOOL— SHEPHERD'S
SPRING EXHIBITION Includes choice Landscapes and Por-
traits by the Masters of the Old British Scho.il of Painting.
SHEPHERD'S GALLERY, 27, King Street, St. Jamess Square,
(Bbncational.
PRIVATE TUITION.- Rev. J. F. RICHARDS,
M \ lulliol. Fint-Olaas Classical Hods, and Greats PREPARES
PUPILS for the UNIVERSITIES and other HIGHER EXAMINA
TIONS. Seaside.— The Manor. Bishopstone, neat Lewes,
FOLKESTONE. —WOODLANDS PREPARA-
TORY SCHool, Individual Teaching— Rev H T I OOGGIri
M.A.Cantab., formerly House - Master, University College School'
Loudon.
B
EDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London!,
YORK PLACE, BAKER STREET W.
1 he EASTER TERM begins on THURSDAY, April 2tf, 1906.
The College provides instruction for Students preparing foi the
University of London Degrees in Arts, Science, and Preliminary
Medicine ; also instruction in subjects of General Education.
There is a Hygiene Department and an Art School.
Students can reside in the College.
ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS.
ONE CLIFTCOURTAULD SCHOLARSHIP IN ARTS. Value
317. 10s. First Year. 2s!. 7s. Second and Third Years ;
ONE PFEIFFER SCHOLARSHIP IN SCIENCE. Annual value,
4Sf.. tenable for Three Years :
ONE DECCAN SCHOLARSHIP in ARTS, annual value 40?..
tenable for Three Years :
ONE DECCAN SCHOLARSHIP in SCIENCE, annual value 607.,
tenable for Three Years ;
Will tie awarded on the results of Examination to be held in JUNE.
Fnll particulars on application to the PRINCIPAL Deiiartruent for
Professional Training in Teaching.
Students are admitted to the Training Course in October and
January.
The Course includes full preparation for the Examinations for the
Teaching Diplomas granted by the Universities of London anil
Cambridge.
TWO DECCAN SCHOLARSHIPS, each of the value of 2B. 10s., and
one Scholarship of the value of 207.. will be offered for the Session
beginning OCTOBER, 1908. Candidates must hold a Degree, or an
equivalent.
Applications should reach the HEAD of the TRAINING DEPART-
MENT not later than JULY 2, 1906.
piVIL SERVICE COMMISSION. — FORTH -
\J COMING EXAMINATION. -SECOND CLASS ASSISTANT
ACCOUNTANTS in the ARMY ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT, and
EXAMINERS in the EXCHEQUER and AUDIT DEPARTMENT
118-201. MAY 24. The date specified is the latest at which applications
can tie received. They must be made on forms, to lie obtained, with
particulars, from the SECRETARY, Civil Service Commission, Bur-
lington Gardens, London, W.
ROYAL HOLLO WAY COLLEGE for WOMEN.
Universitv of London.
ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS. -TEN ENTRANCE SCHOLAR-
SHIPS from 507. to 607.. and several BURSARIES of 307., tenable for
Three V ears at the College, will be awarded on the results of an
EXAMINATION to lie held from JULY 2 to JULY 7, 1906. Names
mu6t tie entered before JUNE 1. The College prepares Students for
London Degrees and also for Oxford Honour Examinations. Inclusive
fee 907. a year.— For forms of entry and further particulars apply to
the 6ECRETARY, Royal Holloway College, EEglefield Green, Surrey.
/CRYSTAL PALACE COMPANY'S SCHOOL
\J OF PRACTICAL ENGINEERING. Principal— J. W. WILSON.
MICE. M.I. ME. The SECOND TERM of the THIRTY-FOURTH
YEAR will OPEN on THURSDAY. April 26. New Students should
present themselves at the School on the previous day for Examination
between 10 i.n. and 1 p.m.— Prospectus forwarded on application to
THE SECRETARY OF THE CRYSTAL PALACE COMPANY.
Crystal Palace, S.E
DRESDEN COLLEGE, EASTBOURNE.—
High-class modern Education for GENTLEMEN'S DAUGH-
TERS. Unique advantages for Languages, Music, Art. Special
arrangements to include some time in DRESDEN or FLORENCE.—
Apply PRINCIPALS.
PRINCIPAL of high-class SCHOOL for
GENTLEMEN'S DAUGHTERS will RECEIVE TWO PUPII-S.
and KG STUDENT, to be trained at half fees. W. England health
resort.— Miss W., Kingswood, Parkstone, Dorset.
EDUCATION CORPORATION.
riHURCH
CHERWELL HALL. OXFORD.
Training College for Women Secondary Teachers. Principal, Miss
CATHERINE I. DODD. M.A., late Lecturer in Education at the
University of Manchester.
Students are prepared for the Oxford Teacher's Diploma, the
Cambridge Teacher's Certificate, the Teacher's Diploma of the
University of London, and the Higher Froeliel Certificate.
Full particulars on application.
GOTHA, GERMANY.— Comfortable and refined
HOME for GIRLS and LADIES, also small BOYS, in the
house of Friiulein METZEROTH I Diploma), 13, WaltershftHserstr..
Gotha. Recommended by first-class English Families. Exceptional
Educational Advantages: Linenaecs. Music, opi>ortunity to learn
German perfectly. Terms, 47 10s, per month.
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are invited to call ui»m or semi fullv detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GABBITA8, TflRING & CO..
who for more than thirty years nave been closely in touch with the
lending Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Sir. TURING, Nephew of the
late Hcid Master o Uppingham. "■'>■ Saokvillc street. London W
M
Situations Vacant.
OWBRAY PUBLIC UNDENOMINA-
TIONAL school. CAPE COLONY.
HEAD MASTER WANTED
Applications arc invited f,,r the ]«"t of HEAD MASTER to the
MoS\BRAY PUBLIC UNDENOMINATIONAL SCHOOL in course
of erection and to be opened on JULY is, 1908, on which date chosen
applicant will be required to take up duties Application* to state
age, experience, and qualification*, The possession hy Candidates of ■
University Degree will be considered an advantage. Commencing
Salary linclusive) 3301. per annum. First class passage will Ih i
IUI 'Vssful HI HI
For fnll details regarding school apply to THE EDUCATION
SECRETARY', Smith African < olnniaatlon Bo lety, 17. Vi. tnris Street
s.w„ to whom applications should !»■ sent not later than aPrh.
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
N
0 T I C E
O F
REMOVAL.
EDW. G. ALLEN 4 SON'S LIBRARY AGENCY, on and after
MAY 9. will be REMOVED t'r.iui 28, Henrietta Street. Covent Garden
to KING EDWARD MANSIONS. 212a. SHAFTESBURY AVENUE!
where all communications after that date should be addressed
EDW. G. ALLEN 4 SON. Ltd.
TMRKENHEAD EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
GIRLS SECONDARY SCHOOL AND PUPIL-TEACHER
CENTRE.
Applications are invited for the imsition of HEAD MISTRESS of
the GIRLS' SECONDARY SCHOOL to lie owned at Midsummer
next, and to which will tie attached a Girls' Pupil-Teacher Centre.
Commencing Salary ■'.'Ml. per annum, rising by annual increments of
157. to tSSL lier annum.
Canvassing Members of the Committee will be considered a dis-
qualification. Particulars of the duties and conditions of the
appointment, together with a Form of Application, which must be
returned by APRIL 30, may tie obtained from
ROBERT T. JONES, Secretary.
Town Hall. Birkenhead. April 4, 1906.
c
0 U N T Y OF LONDON.
The LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL invites applications for appoint
ment to the undermentioned ]msts at the L.C.C. RESIDENTIAL
AND DAY TRAINING COLLEGE FOR WOMEN ELEMENT\RV
TEACHERS. Avery Hill, Eltham, S.E., which will be opened in
OtTOBER. Utor.:—
1. RESIDENT VICE-PRINCIPAL and TEACHER OF METHOD.
Logic, Psychology, and the History and Theory of Education. Salary
2007. a year, with Board and Lodging.
2. RESIDENT SCIENCE MISTRESS .Chemistrv. Physics, and
Botany), Salary 1B07. a year, with Board and Lodging. Experience
in the independent management of a Laboratory is essential
::. HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY MISTRESS (resident or non-
resident). Salary 1301. a year with Board and Lodging, or KM. a year
without.
a, MISTRESS OF DRAWING AND NATURE STUDY inon-
resident'. Salary 1H07. a rear.
.-.. MATHEMATICS MISTRESS .resident or non-resident'. Salary
1301. a year with Board and Lodging, or 1601. a vear without
(i. MODERN LANGUAGES MISTRESS .English and French'.
[resident or non-resident). Salary 1207. a year with Board and
Lodging, or 1501. a year without Applicants must be able to teach
French orally. A Knowledge of Latin is desirable.
For each of the above |x>sts except No. 4 the possession of a Degree
lor equivalent) is essential. All Members of the Staff must be
qualified to supervise the practice of the Students in Elementary
Schools. In ttie case of jiosts 3 to 6, preference will be given U>
Applicants who have experience in organizing Games. Resident
Mistresses will be expected to take i*rt in the social life of the
College. Members of the Staff may lie required to teach other
Subjects in which they possess the requisite knowledge.
Successful Candidates will be required to take up their duties after
the Summer Holidays.
Applications should In' made on the official form, to lie obtained
from the Clerk of the London County Council. Education offices.
Victoria Embankment, W.C., to whom tliev must tie returned not.
later than 10 a.m. on MONDAY, May 7, 1906, accompanied by copies
of three Testimonials of recent date.
Candidates applying through the post for the Form of Application
should enclose a stamped and addressed envelope.
Candidates, other than successful Candidates, invited to attend the
Committee, will be allowed third-class return railway fare, but no
other expenses.
Canvassing, cither directly or indirectly, will tie considered a
disqualification.
G
Education Orti
G. 1. GOMME. Clerk of the London County Council.
Bices, Victoria Embankment, W.C.
pOLLKiiK OF PRECEPTORS,
\J BLoo.MSHURY SQUARE. W.C.
The COUNCIL of the COLLEGE of PRECEPTORS will shortly
proceed to the appointment of additional EXAMINERS i,,
ENGLISH LANGUAGE, ENGLISH HISTORY, SCRIPTURE
HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY. FRENCH, and GERMAN. Candidates
must Ik- Graduates, and should have bad experience in Teaching.
Applications (Twenty Copiesl, stating Age, Degree, experience in
Teaching and Examining, kc, sVnuld be addressed to THE D E \N
OF THE COLLEGE not later than MAY SI. If Testimonials arc
sent, they should tie not more than Three in number, and Twenty
Copies of each should he forwarded.
c R HODGSON, B.A., Set retary.
kJ
[OUTH
WESTERN POLYTECHN K\
MANRESA ROAD. CHELSEA,
The GOVERNING BODY invite applications for the following
TEACHERSHIPS in the SECONDARY DAY SCHOOL for BOYS
and GIRLS. (11 \ TEACHER, with special qualifications iii
FRENCH and GERMAN, at ■ commencing Salary of 1801. f2' A
FORM MASTER, at I commencing Salary of 1001
Forms of application [which must Ik- returned by 10 cm on M \\
and further particulars, maj he obtained from the SECRETARY.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London),
YORK H.\< 1 BAKER STREET. W.
The COUNCIL are atK.ut to appoint a LVOV u SECRET M!V.
Applications, with Testimonials, to Ik- sent by MAY' 4 to the
SECRETARY, from whom particulars can be obtained'.
B
0 R O U <J H OF BR 0 M L E Y.
EDUCATION COMMITTEE
CLERK to the I DM M UTTER REQUIRED, with nrevioui ■
in. e in the administration of Elementary and Higher Education.
Commencing Salarj
Preference will be given to applicants between SO and tOyeari of age.
Applications, stating age. exiierience, and qualifications, icpuni-
panied by three Testimonials of recent date. t.. !»• sent by Tl I <|i VV.
Maj 1 addressed to lb. Ull \li;\l x\ of Till: EDUCATION C"M
MITTEE, vridmoft House Biomlcy, Kent,
460
THE ATHENiEUM
N° 409.5, April 21, 1906
THE AUTOTYPE COMPANY,
74, NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.
• — •
REPRODUCTIONS IN MONOCHROME OF
FAMOUS WORKS OF ART BY THE
AUTOTYPE PERMANENT PROCESS.
Amongst the numerous Publications may be mentioned :—
SELECTIONS from
The NATIONAL GALLERY, London.
The WALLACE COLLECTION.
The TATE GALLERY.
The WALKER ART GALLERY, Liverpool.
DRAWINGS by HOLBEIN from the Royal
Collection, Windsor Castle.
G. F. WATTS, R.A.
The Principal Works by this Master.
SELECTED EXAMPLES of Sacred Art
from various Collections.
ETCHINGS by REMBRANDT.
DRAWINGS by ALBERT DURER.
PICTURES from the LOUVRE and LUXEM-
BOURG, PARIS.
Prospectuses of above Issues will he sent free on application.
Fttll particulars of all the Company'* Publications
are given in
THE AUTOTYPE FINE - ART
CATALOGUE,. Now ready, Enlarged Edition, with
Hundreds of Miniature Photographs and Tint Blocks
of Notable Autographs. For convenience of reference
the Publications are arranged Alphabetically under
Artists' Names. Post free, One Shilling.
A Visit of Inspection is invited to
The AUTOTYPE FINE-ART GALLERY,
74, NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.
TUTOR WANTED for BOY of 9.— GENTLE-
MAN as TUTOR ; must be young ; highly educated ; lin-
guistic attainments, especially French ; fond of out-door games ;
able to ride horse-hack; good manners; unexceptionable references
as to character and disposition. Liheral Salary. — Apply, first
instance. )>y letter, to Box 1108, Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream s Build-
ings, Chancery Lane. E.C
Situations WianUb.
ERENCH STUDENT of History and Economics
iLicencie es Lettres. Paris', with a thorough knowledge of
English and German, seeks n small REMUNERATIVE SITUATION
in Literary Review or the like.— Write G. G., 46, Highbury Park, N.
TO PUBLISHERS and EDITORS.— EMPLOY-
MENT WANTED in any Literary or Journalistic capacity.
MSS. read and prepared for Press. Editing, Compiling. Indexing,
Researches at the British Museum. &c. Foreign Languages. Good
knowledge of Continental Affairs and Literature. — ERNEST A.
Vl/.ETELLY, 4.", Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C.
AS SECRETARY or FOREIGN CORRE-
SPONDENT —LADY desires AFTERNOON EMPLOYMENT,
in Literary capacity preferred. Qualified Shorthand Typist, good
French and German. Exi>erienced.— Box 1106. Athenaeum Press,
Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
AN active YOUNG MAN (23) requires
SITUATION as PUBLISHERS or BOOKSELLER'S ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply good references.— T.. Box 1070, Athenaeum Pres3,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
TTINERANT BOOK HUNTER (manv years'
JL experience' desires ADDITIONAL COMMISSIONS. Specialities
include Autographs. Relics of famous Libraries. Bibliographical
Works. &c— ANDREW DE TERNANT. 20. Gateley Road. Stockwell.
THE DIRECTOR of the WHITECHAPEL
ART GALLF.RY would be pleased to RECOMMEND a respect-
able SINGLE MAN. age 88, as CURATOR, HALL FORTER, 4c—
Address F. KNAPP. Whitechapel Art Gallery. London, E.
TRANSLATION, Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing. Encycloitfwlic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Non-Resident Secretaryship. Classics. French. German. Italian.
Spanish. Anglo-Saxon. S]>ecial subjects : Mythology and Literature.
Varied experience. Moderate terms.— Miss SELBY, O, Talbot Road. W
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials.— A. B., Box 1062, Athenaeum Press, 1", Bream's Build-
ings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
iKisttllantons.
ADVERTISER seeks COLLABORATION in
IMAGINATIVE LITERARY WORK with Lady or Gentleman.
— CHERCHKUR. Box 1089, Athenaeum Press. 13, Breams Buildings,
Chancer}" Lane, E.C.
MSS.— MKSSRS. T. C. & E. C. JACK,
ML Henrietta Street, Corent Garden, London, invite
WRITKIIS to send them MSS. "f ORIGINAL STORIES (I' for
lion of io 14. addressed to Mr. JOHN LANG. Boys' Editor; |£ For
Girls of 1014. addressed to Mrs. JOHN LANG. Girls' Editor; (31 For
i hil, Inn of S-10. addressed to Mrs. L'»1'EV ( HISHOLM. Children's
Editor ; extent 40,000 to M.000 words. All MSS. Iwhicfa should l~- sent
in any time before SEPTEMBER SO— Type-written preferred' will be
:.. knowiedged, and returned if not suitable.
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK and INDEXING.— Apply Miss PETHERBRIDGE (Nat.
Sci. Tripos'. Ma. Conduit Street. Bond Street. London, W.
&Xr$t-WLtiUts.
TYPE-WRITING. — AUTHORS' MSS. of all
kinds carefully TYPE - WRITTEN at moderate Charges.
Accuracy guaranteed. Knowledge of French, German, and Italian.
—A. U. BOWMAN. 74. Lirnes Avenue. New Southgate, N.
AUTHORS' MSS., 9cf. per 1,000 words.
SERMONS, PLAYS. ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPED at home (Remingtonl. Good paper. Orders promptly exe-
cuted—M. L. L.. 7, Vernon Road ; now known as 18, Edgeley Road,
Clapham, 8.W.
TYPE-WRITING.— MSS., SCIENTIFIC, and
of all Descriptions, COPIED. Special attention to work
requiring care. Dictation Rooms (Shorthand or Type-Writing'.
Usual terms.— Misses E. B. and I. FARRAN, Donington House, 30,
Norfolk Street, Strand, London.
TYPE- WRITING undertaken by highly educated
Women (Classical Tripos; Cambridge Higher Local; Modern
Languages'. Research. Revision, Translation. Dictation Room.—
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPEWRITING AGENCY, 10, Duke Street,
Adelphi, W.C.
TYPE- WRITING. M. per 1,000 words. All
kinds of MSS., STORIES, PLAYS. &■'.. accurately TYPED.
Carbons, 3d. per 1.000. Best references.— M. KING 7. Corona 'V Qlas,
Pinner Road, narrow.
AUTHORS' MSS. . NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
ESSAYS TYPE WRITTEN with complete accuracy. 9d. per
1,000 words. Clear Carl«on Comes guaranteed. References to well-
known Writers.— M. STUART, Thirlhank, Rox borough Road. Harrow
$Uhispap*r ^gtnts.
\TEWS PAPER PROPERTIES
J-N BOUGHT. SOLD. VALUED. AND SUPPLIED WITH
EVERY REQUISITE.
The London Agency of an additional limited numher of Provincial
and Colonial Newspapers can be undertaken.
Full particulars from
THE IMPERIAL NEWS AGENCY.
2 and 4. Tudor Street, London, E.C.
"KTORTHERN NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE,
JJl KENDAL. ENGLAND.
Supplies Editors with all kinds of literary Matter, and is open to hear
from Authors concerning Manuscripts.
©atalogtus.
BOOKS. — All OUT - OF - PRINT and RARE
BOOKS on any subject SUPPLIED. The most exi>ert Bookfinder
extant. Please state wants and ask for CATALOGUE. I make a special
feature of exchanging any Saleable Books for others selected from my
various Lists. Special List of 2,000 Books I particularly want jwst free.
— EDW. BAKER'S Great Bookshop. 14-16, John Bright Street, Birming-
ham. Oscar Wilde's Poems, 21s., for G.s. 6d. (only 250 issuedl.
ANCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Collectors
and Antiquarians are invited to apply to SPINK & SON,
Limited, for Specimen Copy (gratis) of their NUMISMATIC CIRCU-
LAR. The finest Greek. Roman, and English Coins on View and for
Sale at Moderate Prices.— SPINK & SON. Limited, Experts. Valuers,
and Cataloguers. 16, 17. and 1?. Piccadilly, London, W. Established
upwards of a Century.
LEIGHTON'S
TLLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of EARLY
A PRINTED and other INTERESTING BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS,
and BINDINGS,
OFFERED FOR SALE BY
J. & J. LEIGHTON, 40, Brewer Street, Golden Square, W.
Thick Svo, 1,7:!S pp., 6,200 items, with upwards of 1,350 Reproductions
in Facsimile.
Bound in art cloth, gilt tops, 25s. ; half-morocco, gilt tops, 30s.
GLAISHERS
REMAINDER BOOK CATALOGUE.
APRIL SUPPLEMENT NOW READY.
Comprising all most recent Purchases.
WILLIAM GLAISHER.
Remainder and Discount Bookseller. 265, High Holhorn, London.
Aho Cataloptte of POPULAR CURRENT LITERATURE, and NEW
LIST of FRE.XCII NOVELS. CLASSICS. ,te.
TUST PUBLISHED— B. H. BLACKWELL'S
t) MONTHLY LIST OF SECOND HAND BOOKS for APRIL.
containing a considerable number of Items dealing with Music.
Instrumental and Vocal— Musical Biography and History, Psalmody.
Ac. — Poetry and Verse and Miscellanies.
Also MONTHLY LIST OF NEW BOOKS. English and Foreign.
published during March.
60 and r,l. Broad Street. Oxford.
THE INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
No. 141. containing a Special Article, entitled 'MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY and MATTER.' by Prof. ALFRED W
PORTER. Specimen Copies gratis.— WILLIAMS * NORGATE
Book Importers. 14. Henrietta Street. Corent Garden. W.C.
EEADERS and COLLECTORS will find it to
their advantage to write for J. BALDWINS MONTHLY
CATALOGUE of SECOND-HAND BOOKS, sent post free on applica-
tion. Books in all Branches of Literature. Genuine bargains in
Scarce Items and First Editions. Books sent on approval if desired.—
Address 14, Osborne Road. Leyton, Essex.
FOR SALE, RUSKINS SEVEN LAMPS OF
MtclllTECTURK. 1 roL, 1880 Edition, pub. Bt Ml, and Stones
of Venice " rols.. 1886 Edition, pub. at 4/. U. Condition nearly pood
U new. Price u. or offers. —Address A. 7... rare of Street's, 8, herb*
Str.-.t. W.C.
^aUs bu Ruction.
THE TRUMAN COLLECTIONS.
The Third and Final Portion of the Collection of Engravings
ami Drawings.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON* HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. 18, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C., on MONDAY, April -i:. and Five Following
Davs. at 1 o'clock precisely (by order of the Executor*, the
THIRD and CONCLUDING PORTION of the valuable COL-
LECTION of ENGRAVINGS and DRAWINGS of the late
EDWIN TRUMAN. Esq.. M.R.C.S.. The Home Field. Putney Hill.
S.W.. eomprisinic Topographical Views, many relating to London
—Mezzotints of Fancy Subjects— an extensive Collection of Early
Engraved Portraits, mostly English Historical Prints— Mezzotint
Portraits, tc— also Drawings by Old Masters— Water-Colour and other
Drawings, principally of the English School— a large number of the
Works of George shepheard. in< -lulling a Scries of lii» < rrigin&l Sketch-
Books— a few Framed Engravings, Drawings, and Oil Paintings.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had.
The Library of the late Per. Bon. STEPHEN W.
LAWLEY ; the Library of AITIIUH RAM, Esq.,
deceased ; the Libram of the Hon. Sirs. SKEFF1NGTON
SMYTH, and other Properties.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, nt their House. No 1 S, Wellington
Street. Strand. W.C, on MONDAY, April :tn. and Three Following
Days, at 1 o'clock precisely. BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS, including
the LlltRARYof the late Rev. lion. STEPHEN W. LAWLEV
Spurfield. Evminster (sold by Order of the Executrix) ; the LIBRARY
of ARTHUR RAM. E«|. i deceased' ; the LIBRARY of G. P. WALL,
Esq.. of Sheffield ; the PROPERTY of the Hon. Mm. 8KEFFINGTON
SMYTH. Busbridge Hall. Go.lalming ; a PORTION of the LIBRARY
removed from " The Salterns. " Parkst one. Dorset Isold by Order of
the Executrix of the late CAPTAIN BUTTS, comprising a Fine
Uncut Copv of the First Edition of Poetical Sketches bv W. RHakel
Kelmscott "Chaucer— and Fine Works on Art— and OTHER PROPER-
TIES, comprising valuable Books in all branches of Literature —
Illustrated Works — Books on the Fine Arts — First Editions of
Modern Authors— Rare and Valuable Early Printed Books— Numis-
matic. Hi-torical, Archaeological, and Architectural Works— several
Illuminated Manuscripts— Costume— Poetical Works— French Publi-
cations—Tracts—Books Illustrated by Cruikshank, "Phiz," and others-
— scarce and valuable Theological Works. Ac.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
M1
The valuable Collection of Coins of LADY BUCKLEY.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL bv AUCTION, at their House. No. 13, Wellington.
Street. Strand. W.C. on FRIDAY, May 4. and Following Day. at
1 o'clock precisely, the \aluable COLLECTION of ENGLISH
HAMMERED and MILLED COINS, the IVojierty of LADY
BUCKLEY, F.R.N.S., comprising, amongst other rarities. William
Pennv of Bath— Philip and Marv Ansel — lames I. Thirty-Shilling and
Fifteen-Shilling Pieces— Charles I. Oxford Three-Pound Piece. 1644.
Oxon.— Commonwealth Pattern Half-Crown. byBriot, 1051— Charles II.
Proof Crown. 1662. without Rose, plain edge — William III. Proof
Crown. 1895 — George II. Proof Five-Guinea l*iece. 17:11—
George III. Pattern Five and Two Guinea Pieces, by Yeo and Tanner,
and Pattern Five Pound Piece, by Pistrucci. 1S20— George IV. Pattern
Crown, bv Mills, 1S20. the rare variety with neck-tii — William IV.
"Triil" Piece, by W. Wyon. struck m.Kin a Crown Flan, with Small
Head as upon the Half -Crown — Victoria " International' Gold
Patterns on the " Decimal'' System, &c— British Mnmismatic Works.
May !»' viewed two days prior. Illustrate i Catalogues may I*- had.
THE TRUMAN COLLECTION.
The Collection of the Works of George Cniikshank.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
vill SELL bv AUCTION, at their House. No. IS, Wellington.
Street. Strand. W.C..' on MONDAY. May 7. and Five Following Days,
at 1 o'clock precisely, the COLLECTION of the WORKS of GEORGE
CRUIKSHANK. the Property of the late EDWIN TRUMAN, Esq..
M.R.C.S., The Home Field. Putney Hill. S.W.
May l>e viewed two days prior. Catalogues may l>e had. A small
number of large and fine-paper illustrate,! topics will In- published,
price half-a-guinea each.
The important Series of Roman Rronze Coins, the Property
of the late C. E. MACKERKLL, Esq.
ESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
IM. will SELL hy AUCTION", nt their House. No. IS, Wellington
Street Strand W.C." on WEDNESDAY. May 16, and Two Following
Davs at 1 o'clock precisely, the important SERIES of ROMAN
BRONZE COINS, and a lew GREEK SILVER COINS, collected by
the late C. E. MACKERELL Esq., F.R.N.S. Isold hy order of the-
May be viewed t wo days prior. Illustrated Catalogues may 1* had.
MESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON & WOODS
respectfully give notice that they will hold the following
SALES by AUCTION, at their Great Rooms. Kinc Street, St. James's
Spuare, the Sales commencing at 1 o'clock precisely :—
On MONDAY. April 23, MODERN PICTURES
and DRAWINGS, the Projierty of a LADY uleceasedi, the Property of
Mrs. EMMA FINCH (deceasedl. and others.
On TUESDAY. April 24, ENGRAVINGS of
the EARLY ENGLISH SCHOOL
On WEDNESDAY. April 25, a COLLECTION
of BOOKS AUTOGRAPHS, and MANUSCRIPTS from the Libraries
of HARRY QUILTER. Esq., 42. Queen's Gate Gardens. W..
W. RALL Esq.. .'.P.. of Hillside. Strood. Rochester, and from various
sources, including the French Official Account of the Battle of
Trafalgar and imtiortant Bums Letters.
On WEDNESDAY, April 25, OBJECTS of
VERTU, ENGLISH and FOREIGN COINS.
On THURSDAY, April 26, OLD ENGLISH
SILVER PLATE of G. H. TOD HEATLY. Esq. [deceased'.
On FRIDAY, April 27, FRENCH DECORA-
TIVE OBJECTS and SCULPTURE of J. R. LORENT. Esq.
(deceased.; OLD FRENCH GOLD SNUFF-BOXES, the Property of
a GENTLEMAN; and PORCELAIN, the Property of G. H. TOD
HEATLY. Esq. (deceased'.
On SATURDAY, April 28, choice MODERN
PICTURES and DRAWINGS, the Property of the late J. R.
IORKNT. Esq.; important PICTURES and DRAWINGS, the-
Purperty of the late JULIAN SENIOR. Esq.. and others.
N° 4095, April 21, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
467
Valuable Miscellaneous Books, including Duplicate* from the
Library of the late UEXRY SOTUERAX, Esq., and a
Selection from an Old Library (removed from Scotland),
the Property of a Lady.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Kooms, 118, Chancery Lane, W.(j.«»
WEDNESDAY, April 23, ami Two Following Days, valuable Mlh-
OELLsNKOUN HOOKS, comprising Nash » Mansions of Lngland,
Laree Paper, 4 vols., and other Kolio Architectural and Antiquarian
iSokh - Bacinet, L'Ornement Polychrome - Audsley and Bowes,
Keramlc Art of Japan, 2 «fe-Tuervj Bartolozzi, Large Paper. 2 vols
.,„,) other Fine- Art and Illustrated Books - Howlani son 8 Loyal
YolunCrs, uncut- Ackermartn's Microcosm, Original Edition S vols
and other Books with Coloured Plates-Issues from the Kelmscott,
Dovet ami oTher Modern Pressc«-Shelley's Adonais, First Edition,
P?^ l A -Tennyson's Poems. First Edition. 1KB -Heath's Plek-
wicki iii'lllustrntioiis and others illustrated by Cruikshank. Aiken,
>c -Books in Old English Literature, including the rare Firs* Two
Volumes of Sterne's Tristram Shandy, in the original half-binding,
ent re y uncut, THE PKoPERTY OF A LADY ; a Collection of Early
Printodund Black letter Books, and Sixteenth-Century Editions of the
Classics, i-onsigned from Paris-
-a Folio Volume of rare Pieces relating
to Virginia, Massachusetts, Maryland, Georgia. &c, i744-7:i-a Complete
Set of the SiirteesSocietv's Publications. Ill vols., anil a fine Set of the
Annual Register to ISO* 137 vols -Library Editions of Sliakespcare.
Pepvs Fielding. Burke. Scott. Dickens. Thackeray. George Eliot,
Conan Doyle, and others, many in handsome calf and morocco
bindings- also two extremely interesting Manuscript Volumes,
comprising Letters and Orders written or received by Admiral Darby,
Commander-in-Chief of the Channel Fleet, 17S1-2.
To bo viewed, and Catalogues had.
Early Printed Books ami rare First Editions, including a
Library consigned from Abroad.
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
bv AUCTION, at their Galleries. 47, Leicester Square, W.C.. on
MONDAY, April :!0, at ten minutes past 1 o'clock precisely, ALl
tBLK BOOKS, including Leo Magnus. Sermones, M7U-- Alliertus
Trottu's De Perfecto Clenco, 147.">— llraithwa.it |R,), Time's I iirtame
Drawne 1821— Caesar (J.l, Oommentarii, 1477— Cowpers Olney Hymns,
First Edition-Estienne, La Maison Rustique, 1.17« -Gays Fables,
•>vols First Editions— Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield, Inst Edition,
fn original calf— White's Natural History of Seltiorne. First Edition—
<4uido de Monte Kocharii, Hanipules Curatorum, 147h Lactantius.
Venice 1472 — Lilly's Sixe Court Comedies. 163a— Malton s Mews o]
Dublin, Coloured Plates-Milton I.T.I, < olastcrion, 1645- NuremlM >rg
Chronicle 14H3— Orosius Historise, 1471— Pascal, Li's Provinciales, 1 irst
Edition, Jen-Record's Castle of Knowledge. 1558- Bartons Maps,
i«4B— Scarron's Uomical Romance, 1878 — Shakespeare s Works by
Howe 6 vols old morocco gilt -Shepherd's Kalendar. 1631— Vt ither s
Rmhlemes 1635— fine illuminated MSS. on Vellum, with Miniatures,
a unique Early English MS., rare early printed Tracts and Pamphlets,
and many other interesting items.
Catalogues on application. ^__
WILLIS'S ROOMS, KINO STREET. ST. J AMES. S SQUARE, S.W.
Without Reserce.-The LAXGWELL COLLECT 10X of Old
Chinese Works of Art, by direction of John Leeehman
Taulor, Esq.,jun., Chartered Accountant, 115, St. Vincent
Street, Glasgow, Judicial Factor of the Estate of George
Louden Watson, appointed by the Supreme Court of Scot-
MflESSRS. ROBINSON & EISHER are instructed
to SELL, at their Rooms, as above, on THURSDAY NEXT.
April 31. and Following Day. at 1 o'clock precisely each day. the
■SECOND PORTION of this imiwrtant and valuable « OLLM Hon,
comprising Carvings in Jade, Crystal. Amethyst, Cornelian, ami
other Hard Stone, some hue Specimens of Blue-end- White,.
Enamelled, and Whole Colour Porcelain, Beautiful Bronzes, and other
interesting Items. .
May be viewed three days prior, and t ataloguc
TAYLOR * MACINTOSH. Chartered Accountants
street Glasgow ; Messrs. W. BAIRI) h CO., Solicitors. Mist Regent
Street Glasgow; Messrs. CLARK * MACDONALD. S.S.O.. 2i. Hill
street Edinburgh ; Messrs. BOULTON. SONS it SANDEMAN,
Solicitors, 21a, Northampton Square, E.C; and of the AUCTIONEERS,
at their Offices, as above.
Postage Stamps.
MESSRS. OLENDININC; & CO., Ltd., will
SELL bv AUCTION, at their Galleries. 7. Argyll Street,
Oxford Circus, W., on TUESDAY. April 24. and Foil., win
4.30 i"n.. a choice COLLECTION of ENGLISH, C<
and FOREIGN STAMPS, in mil Lots.
CAMBKIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE MODERN HISTORY. Planned by the late Lord
Acton. Edited by A. W. Ward, Litt.D., G. W. Prothero, Litt.D., and Stanley Leathes,
M.A. In twelve volumes.
Volume IX of this History will be published on Wednesday next, the2oth April.
The period with which the volume is concerned is indicated by its title NAPOLEOX.
The writers are Georges Pariset, Professor of Modern History in the University of
Nancy (who writes on the Consulate and on France tmder the Kmpire) ; T. A.
Walker, Fellow and Tutor of Peterhouse, Cambridge ; H. W. Wilson ; Anton
Guilland, Professor of History at Zurich (on the Pacification of Europe, 1709-1802,
and on France and her Tributaries, 1801-3) ; H. A. L. Fisher, Fellow and Tutor of
New College, Oxford ; L. G. YVickham-Legg, Lecturer in History at the same
College; Colonel E. M. Lloyd, late R.E. ; J. Holland Rose; Major-General
August Keini, of the German Army (on the War of 1809); C. W. Oman, Chichele
Professor of Modem History in the University of Oxford ; Eugen Stschepkin,
Professor of Universal History in the Imperial University of Odessa (on Russia
under Alexander I. and the Invasion of 1812) ; Julius von Pflugk-Harttung, formerly
Professor of History in the University of Basel (on the War of Liberation, 1813-4) ;
A. W. Ward, Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge ; G. P. Gooch, M.P. ; W. H.
Hutton, Fellow and Tutor of St. Johns College, Oxford ; and H. E. Egcrton, Bei5
Professor of Colonial History in the Iniversity of Oxford.
had of Messrs.
115, St. Vincent
Solicitors, Wist Regent
if Day,
China, Silrer Plate, Pictures, ,t <:
MESSRS. GLENDININCJ & CO., Ltd.,
SELL by AUCTION, at their Galleries, 7, Argyll
iJxford Circus, W . on FRIDAY, April 27, at 1.30 i
will
tied,
aCOI.LEi TION
OF FINK-ART PROPERTY, including' Paintings of the old Italian.
Venetian and English Schools nine and- White OrientalPorcelain of
the Min* Period Sevres Bus! of Marie Antoinette— Chiming Grand-
father and Bracket Clocks Elizabethan Oak Chests — Worcester,
Derby, Rockingham Porcelain - rare Old Glass— Pictures — G'arden
- irnaji'ients in Lead— Anti-pie silver Plate, Ac.
Cttrit.
MESSRS. GLENDINING & CO., Ltd., will
SELL bv AL'< TION. at their Galleries, 7. Argyll Street,
Oxford Circus, W., on MONK AY. April SO, at 1 JO P.M., a COLLECTION
■of ENGLISH coins and TOKENS, the Property of a Member of
ihe British Numismatic Society, comprising ran- Pieces, mostly
iu unusually fine condition, admired during the last twenty years
from Celebrated Collections
Medals.
MESSRS. GLENDINING k, CO., Ltd., will
SELL bv AUCTION at their Galleries on TUESDAY, Mai I,
. ' OLLECTION of BHITISM WAR MEDALS and DE< OR VTIuSs,
Deluding rare Naval and Military' General Service Medals, Gold
Medal for Seringpatam, Military Decorations for Tilwt. Defence of
Mafeking, Arctic Discoveries, New Zealand, an Officer's Silver Gorget
of the 3rd Buffs, Ac.
Violins, Violoncellos, «iv.
MKSSRS. GLENDINING k CO., Ltd., will
SELL by AUCTION, at their Galleries. 7. Anrrll Street,
Oxford Circus, W. on FRIDAY. Mav 4. a SPECIAL COLLECTION
«f VIOLINS. VIOLAS, VIOLONCELLOS, Howh. 4c. including
Examples by Joseph Guarnerius, Oaloanus, Amati, Uuadagnini,
r, and other Leading Makers.
Catalogues on application.
ICesm. GLENDINING k CO., Ltd. Fine Art Auctioneers,
7, Argyll Street. Oxford (irons, W.
Volume IX
Napoleon
ready 25th April
Royal 8vo,
16s net
Earlier volumes .
Subscription price
It will be remembered that, for convenience, the twelve volumes of the History
are issued in two series ; the one beginning with Volume I and the other with
Volume VII. Under this arrangement rive volumes have already appeared ; viz.
I— The Renaissance, II— The Reformation, III— The Wars of Religion, VII— The
Cnited States, and VIII— The French Revolution. Volume IX, Xupoleon, now
appearing, completes half the publication.
i-e of each separate volume is 16.< net, but subscriptions of £7 : 10 : net
are still received for the complete work in twelve volumes. Subscriptions may be
The price
paid either at once in full, or half now (for the six volumes ready) and the balance
in instalments of 12s (kl on the publication of each of the six remaining volumes
Additional subscribers should send in their names at once, through any bookseller
THE MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF ELASTICITY. By
A. E. H. Love, M.A. D.Sc. F.R.S. Sedleiau Professor of Natural Philosophy in the
University of Oxford. Second and revised edition, in one volume.
This book is a second edition of one with the same title pu.hli.shed in two volumes
in 1892 -3. It has been rewritten throughout and is in effect a new book containing
Royal 8vo some extracts from the old. In the selection, and the mode of presentation, of the
' matter three objects have been kept in view : to make the book useful to engineers
18s net and others whose aims are chiefly practical, to emphasize the bearing of the theory
of elasticity on general questions of Natural Philosophy, and to afford a reasonably
complete picture of the state of the science as it is to-day.
HYDRODYNAMICS. By Horace Lamb, M.A. LL.D. D.Sc. F.R.S.,
Professor of Mathematics in the Victoria University of Manchester. Third edition,
revised.
In this issue of Professor Lamb's treatise no change has been made in the general
Royal 8vo, plan and arrangement, but the work has been carefully revised, occasional passages
have been rewritten, and many interpolations and additions have been made,
20s net amounting in all to about one-fifth of the whole.
THE LARGER CAMBRIDGE SEPTUAGINT being The Old
Testament in Greek according to the text of Codex Vaticanus, supplemented from
other Uncial Manuscripts; with a critical apparatus containing the variants of the
chief ancient authorities for the text of the Septuagint. Edited by A. E. Brooke, B.D.,
Fellow and Dean of King's College, and N. McLean, M.A., Fellow of Christ's College,
University Lecturer in Aramaic.
Sales of Miscellaneous Property.
MR. J. C. 8TEVEN8 begs to announce that
BALM ur« held F.VF.HY FIUI1AY, at hi* Boons. 38, King
Rtrett Coranl (iardrn. London. W.C.. for the iHsniml of Mil It©
BCOFE8, BLIDEB, and OIlJF.CTIVEfl - Telescopes — Theodolites—
I,rTel»— Electrical and H< i. ntlfle InMrunimt*— Caineru". Lonsos. and
m1\ kinds of Photographic Api>aratui -Optical Liuitera* with Mides
and all Accewwrien in great viri-ty \>y Rent Makers — Household
Furniture— Jewellery— and other Minoellaneouii Proiierty.
On view Thursday 2 to 5 and morning of Bale,
For Magazines, &c, see p. 495.
Editions of the
Septuagint
1. The smaller:
Crown 8vo, cloth
3 vols, 7s 6d each
2. The larger:
Demy 4to, paper covers
Vol. I, Part I (Genesis)
7s 6d net
For many years past the Cambridge Press have hail in preparation an edition of
the Septuagint which endeavours to exhibit the text of one of the^reat uncial codices
with a precision corresponding to present knowledge, together with a full apparatus
of the variants of the other MSS. The need was felt of a text to serve as a satisfac-
tory stand.-ml of comparison, accompanied by textual notes to enable the student
at a glance bo compare with his text the results to be gleaned from sources of
information already within rea<di.
The plan adopted has included the preparation of two editions, a smaller ami a.
larger, with a common text, that of the Vatican MS. These editions differ in the
extent of their critical apparatus. The smaller or manual edition —Or. Swete's Old
Testament in Greek {9 vols, cloth, 7.'. («/. each)— confines itself to the variations of ;i
few of the most Important uncial codices already edited in letterpress, facsimile,
or photograph. The larger edition, necessarily the labour of many years, gives the
variations of all the Creek uncial MSS., of select Creek cursive MsS., of t lie more
important versions, and of the quotations made by Philo and the earlier eccle-
siastical writers. Its object is to present clearly the evidence available for the
reconstruction of the text or texts of the Septuagint.
Publication of the smaller edition began in 1SS7; the work has reached its third
edition and is recognised as the standard edition of the Septuagint in all countries.
Publication of the larger edition is now beginning. Vol. I., to contain the OetOfa uch,
wiU be published ta fbnr parts, and Part L, containing Genesis, will be issued on
Tuesdav next, price 7s. i'hI. net.
Subscriptions are received for Vol. L, the Octateuch, and subscribers will obtain
each of the four parts at a. reduction of one-fifth of the published price. Names
should be sent in at mice through any bookseller. A prosix-ctus, with specimen
>age and order-form, will bt sent post free on application to Ihe Cambridge
nhersitj Press Warehouse, Pettier Lane, London, K.t.
r
London, Fctter Lane : Cambridge University Press Warehouse: C. F. Clay, Majjaobr
4«5S
THE ATHENjEUM
NM095, April 21, 1906
CASSELL & GOMPANTS NEW VOLUMES.
NEW BOOK BY THE AUTHOR OF 'A TRAMP IN SPAIN,' 'SLAVERY,' Ac.
l'ricc i;<
A TRAMP CAMP.
liy BART KENNEDY.
With H Dhutntkna
In this volume tho author lias dived ti^iin i»t<» the rieh mine of his tramp experiences, find he
lates with his old brettbieH and humour incidents Unit Ufel him in his life us a casual worker in
re
the States.
POPULAR MODERN ARTISTS.
Price .">*. mi.
STANHOPE A. FORBES, A.R.A., and
ELIZABETH STANHOPE FORBES, A.R.W.S.
By MRS. LIONEL BIRCH.
With 8 Reproductions in Colour and 32 Illustrations.
In this book the story of the " discovery " of Newlyn as a painting ground is related authoritatively.
It details Mr. Forbes's own experiences in the painting of his Newlyn pictures, and gives the story, for
the most part autobiographically, of the training of Mrs. Forbes and her subsequent successes.
AN ART MANUAL FOR STUDENTS.
Price 2s. Gd.
FLOWERS AND HOW TO PAINT THEM.
By MAUD NAFTEL, A.R.W.S.
New Edition, with 10 Plates.
In this work are given clear and concise instructions for flower painting, from the outline drawings
in pencil to the finished sketch in colour. It contains full information as to the materials and colours
to be used, and numerous coloured examples are included. All the difficulties that beset the beginner
are discussed, and the methods of getting over those difficulties clearly pointed out.
A BRIGHT AND SUCCINCT HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION.
Price 6s.
THE STORY OF PROTESTANTISM.
By F. HOLDERNESS GALE.
With 8 Illustrations.
NEW "PICTORIAL PRACTICAL" HANDBOOK.
Paper covers, Is. net ; cloth, \s. Qd. net.
PICTORIAL PRACTICAL
CARNATION GROWING.
By WALTER P. WRIGHT,
Horticultural Superintendent under the Kent County Council.
With numerous Illustrations.
FICTION.
Price 6*.
THE LIGHT.
By Mr^. OABOLD QOB8T,
Authoi 'if ' Tin- <»ur B
With H Illustniti
"A novel of remarkable power ; fnm and clear
in its aharmoCer-drftwinff, and rich with sympathetic
insight into those vital problems that beset the
poor and outcast." — ZYmMC
Price 3a. (kl.
HUMAN
FACE.
By SILAS HOCKING.
With 16 Illustrations.
A vivid story full of striking incidents.
*»• The First Large Edition nearly exhausted,
and a Second Impression now in the press.
THE RED SEAL.
By MORICE GERARD.
With 8 Illustrations. Third Impression. 6«,
THE HIDDEN HOUSE.
By JOHN COLIN DANE.
With 8 Illustrations. 6*.
THE BURGLARS' CLUB,
By HENRY A. HERING.
With 16 Illustrations. 3*. fW.
MIRIAM LEMAIRE:
MONEYLENDER.
By CORALIE STANTON and HEATH
HOSKEN.
With Coloured Frontispiece and 6 Illustrations,
.*is. 6d.
A TOY TRAGEDY.
By Mrs. HENRY DE LA PASTURE.
New Edition, with 4 Illustrations. Second
Impression. 3o. 6c£.
THE MYSTERY OF THE
SHADOW.
By FERGUS-HUME.
With 16 Illustrations. 3*. 6d.
[Second Impnmtm now priuriny.
READY MAY 4. Price 2s. 6rf.
THE HON. F. S. JACKSON.
By PERCY CROSS STANDING.
With Introduction by PRINCE RANJITSINHJI.
AND CONTAINING 16 ILLUSTRATIONS.
Mr. Standing's book is the only intimate and authorized account of the career of the world's most popular cricketer. The illustrations
include photographs of Mr. Jackson at the wicket shaping for his bast-known batting strokes.
CASSELL & CO., Limited, London, Paris, New York, and Melbourne.
N°4095, April 21, 1906
THE ATHENJEUM
469
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS.
THE OXFORD DICTIONARY. A New English
Dictionary on Historical Principles. Founded mainly on the Materials
collected by the Philological (Society. Edited by Dr. JAMES A. H.
MURRAY. Complete part, M— MEET, 128. Qd. Also Double Section,
MATTER— MESNALTY, 5s.
PIERCE THE PLOUGHMAN'S CREDE (about
1394 A.D.) Transcribed and Edited from MS. Trin. Coll. Cam., R. 315.
Collated with MS. Bibl. Reg. 18 B. xviii., in the British Museum, and
with the old printed Text of 1553. Edited by the Rev. W. W. SKEAT,
Litt.D. Extra fcap. 8vo, cloth, 2a.
ARNOLD'S MEROPE WITH SOPHOCLES'
ELECTRA. (Mr. WHITELAW'S Translation). Edited by J.
CHURTON COLLINS. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3a. 6d.
EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS. Translated by H.
KYNASTON, D.D. With Introduction and Notes by J. CHURTON
COLLINS. Extra fcap. 8vo, cloth.
OXFORD LIBRARY OF TRANSLATIONS.
Extra fcap. 8vo, 3a. 6rf. net per volume. The next volumes to appear
will be : —
LONGINUS OH THE SUBLIME. Translated by
A. 0. PRICKARD.
PROPER! IUS. Translated by J. S. Phillimore.
INDEX VERBORUM PROPERTIANUS. By
J. & PHILLIMORE, M.A. Crown 8vo, cloth, 4a. 6d. net.
OXFORD CLA88ICAL TEXTS.
STATIUS, THEBAID. Edited by H. W. Garrod.
Crown 8vo, paper covers, 5a. ; cloth, 6a.
SILVAE. Edited by J. S. Phillimore. Crown
8vo, paper ©overs, 3a. ; cloth, 3a. 6d.
OXFORD HIGHER FRENCH SERIES.
Extra fcap. 8vo, cloth.
MADAME DE STAEL'S L'ALLEMAGNE.
Edited by H. W. EVE. 2s. M. net.
VICTOR HUGOS NOTRE-DAME. Edited by
L. DELBOS. 3s. 6d. net.
GAUTIERS TROIS GROTESQUES. (Villon,
Cyrano de Bergerao, Scarron.) Edited by H. J. CHAYTOR. 2s.net.
FLAUBERT'S SALAMMBO. Edited by E.
LAUVRIERE. 3s. (id. net.
LAMARTINE'S JOCELYN. Edited by E.
LEGOUIS. 3s. not.
MADAME DE CAMPANS MEMOIRES, 1785-
1792. Edited by H. C. BRADBY. 2». M. net.
SCHERER'S HISTORY OF GERMAN
LITERATURE. Translated by Mrs. F. C. CONYBEARE, Edited
by the late Right Hon. F. MAX MILLER. 2 vols. Demy 8vo, cloth,
I")*, not; or a cheaper edition in two crown 8vo volumes, cloth,
.'{•". i'yJ. not each.
THE GERMAN CLASSICS, from the Fourth to
the Nineteenth Century. With Biographical Notices, Translations
into Modern Gorman, and Notes. By tho late Right Hon. F. MAX
MULLER. Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Vol. II., revised
by L. ARMITAUK. 2 vols. 8vo, oloth, Vol. I., 8*. Qd. net ; VoL II.,
■">-. OV. net.
THE NATURE OF TRUTH. An Essay by
H. H. JOACHIM. 8vo, cloth, 6«. net.
GREEK THEORIES OF ELEMENTARY COG-
NITION, FROM ALCMAEON TO ARISTOTLE. By J. I. BEARE.
8vo, oloth, 12s. 6c/. net.
THE BOOK OF JOB : Revised Version. Edited,
with Introductions and Brief Annotations, by S. R. DRIVER. Crown
8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d. net.
THE JOURNAL OF THEOLOGICAL STUDIES.
Edited by the Rev. J. F. BETHUNE-BAKER and the Rev. F. E.
BRIGHTMAN. Published Quarterly. Per Number, 3s. 6d. net.
Annual subscription, 12s. net^post free.
Chief Contents of the APRIL Number .-—
THE PROPHECY IN ISAIAH ix. 1-7. By the Rev. R. H. Kennett.
THE MODERN ROMAN CANON AND THE BOOK OF ESDRAS. By Sir Henry H.
Howorth.
NICETA AND AMBROSIASTER. By C. H. Turner.
TRANSCRIPT OF CODEX Y (continued). By the Rev. W. O. E. Oesterley.
THE PASCHAL CHRONICLE. By F. C. Conybeare, Mgr. Mercati, and C. H. Turner.
THE OXYRHYNCHUS AGRAPHA. By Dr. C. Tayler.
THE "NICENE" CREED IN THE SYRIAC PSALTER. By Dr. W. E. Barnes.
THE BRETHREN OF THE LORD. By Dom J. Chapman.
VICTORINUS OF PETTAU. By Dom Morin.
THE COMMENTARY OF PELAGIUS ON THE EPISTLES OF ST. PAUL By A. Souter.
THE PROGRESS OF POESY: an Inaugural
Lecture. By Prof. MACKAIL. 8vo, paper covers, Is. net.
THE STUDY OF HISTORY: an Inaugural
Lecture. By Prof. OMAN. 8vo, paper covers, Is. net.
HINDU MANNERS, CUSTOMS, AND CERE-
MONIES. By the Abbe J. A. DUBOIS. Translated from the
Author's latest French MS., and Edited with Notes, Corrections, and
Bibliography by H. K. BEAUCHAMP. Third Edition. Crown 8vo,
cloth, 6s. net. ; on Oxford India Paper, 7s. Qd. net.
A SUMMARY CATALOGUE OF WESTERN
MANUSCRIPTS IN THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY AT OXFORD,
which have not hitherto been Catalogued in the Quarto Series. With
References to the Oriental and othor MSS. by FALCONER MADAN,
M.A. 8vo. Vol. V., cloth, 25s. net ; Vol. VI. Part I., paper covers,
7s. 6rf. net.
CATALOGUE OF SANSKRIT MANUSCRIPTS
IN THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY. Begun bv MORIZ WINTERNTTZ,
Ph.D. Continued and Comploted by ARTHUR BERRIEDALE
KEITH, B.C.L., with a Preface by E. W. B. NICHOLSON, M.A.
4to, cloth, 25s. net.
VESUVIUS, 1869. By J. Phillips. With
numerous Illustrations, Maps, &c. Crown 8vo, cloth, 10s. 6d.
THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS OF GREAT
BRITAIN AND IRELAND. By GRAHAM BALFOUR. Second
Edition. 8vo, cloth, 7s. 6d. net.
HUMAN ANATOMY FOR ART STUDENTS.
By ARTHUR THOMSON. New (Third) Edition, with many New
Illustrations. 8vo, buckram, His. net.
ALSO PUBLISHED BY HENRY FROWDE.
CATALOGUE OF A LOAN COLLECTION OF
PORTRAITS OF ENGLISH HISTORICAL PERSON AGES WHO
DIED BETWEEN 1714 and 1S.T7. Exhibited at Oxford, 1906.
Crown 8vo, paper covers, ('»/.
CORYDON : an Elegy in Memory of Matthew
ARNOLD and OXFORD. By R. FANSUAWK. Crown 8vo, cloth,
4s. ikl. net.
London • HENRY FROWDE, Oxford University Press, Amen Corner.
4 70
THE ATHENAEUM
N-4095, Ann. 21, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.S
NEW BOOKS.
— •♦ —
LORD CURZON IN INDIA.
Being • Ndectioa from hlaftpeacbaaaa Viceroy aad Qoreraot
Hmml ul India, 1WH 1906. With a Portrait. Bxplaaaton
v . -, .ui.l an Index, And with an IntruUu<'ti>>n b) Sii
I HOSJ \v it m.j 11,11, K.r.s.l. Bra, l Mt
MEMOIRS OF
ARCHBISHOP TEMPLE.
fly BKVKM ntlBRDa Batted l>\ K. O. SAXDFORD,
trchdeaeoa of Bxeter. With Photogranm and other
Illustration*. In 2 rola Bro, Ma. net
LORD RANDOLPH
CHURCHILL.
By WINSTON 8PBNCKR CIU.'KCIIILL, M.P. W 'iih
Portraits, In •_' veils, denrj Bro, 'Mi.-, net.
HENRY SIDGWICK: a Memoir.
By A. & and K. M. S. With Portraits. 8vo, lis. 6rf. net.
THE DOOR OF HUMILITY.
By ALFRED AUSTIN, Poet Laureate. Crown 8vo, 4*. 6d.
net.
Canon Rawnsi.ky in the TIUBUXE: — "There is
throughout this nobly religious poem B real wish oij the
part of the writer to help his time. . . .The poem flows with
music from first to last, and the lines are so inevitable,
there is such absence of all straining after effect, such
terseness in many of the verses, as obliges me to hold them
iu memory as one holds in memory so many of the lines of
Wordsworth, "
NERO.
By STEPHEN PHILLIPS. Crown 8vo, is. 6U net.
NEW BOOK BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE
SOUL OF A PEOPLE.'
A PEOPLE AT SCHOOL.
By II. FIELDING HALL Svo, 10*. net.
BRIEF LITERARY
CRITICISMS.
By the late RICHARD HOLT HUTTON. Selected from
the Spectator, and Edited bv his Niece, ELIZABETH M.
ROSCOE. With Portrait Globe Svo, is. net.
[Krersley Series.
*»* Containing Criticisms on DICKENS, SCOTT, KEATS,
SHELLEY, WORDSWORTH, TENNYSON, BROWNING,
.MATTHEW ARNOLD, and others.
IDOLA THEATRI.
A Criticism of Oxford Thought and Thinkers from the
standpoint of Personal Idealism. By HENRY STURT.
8vo, 10*. net
OWEN WISTER'S NEW NOVEL.
LADY BALTIMORE.
Illustrated. Crow n 8vo, 6k.
FOURTH EDITION NOW READY
THE SCENERY OF
SWITZERLAND,
AND THE CAUSES TO WHICH IT LS DUE. By the
Right Hon. Lord AYKBUKY, P.C. Illustrated. Crown 8vo,
C».
MEDIEVAL RHODESIA.
By DAVID RANDALLMACIVER, M.A. F.R.G.S. Fully
illustrated. Demy 4to, 'JO*, net
TIMES.—" Mr. Maclver is to be congratulated both on
the methods which he directed ho successfully to a definite
end in a short time, and on the clearness with which he has
stated his results. . . .He has closed an era in this matter of
the Rhodesia n ruins, but only to open a new one of more
interest in our opinion, and much greater promise."
EURIPIDES,
and the Spirit of his Dramas.
By Prof. PAUL DECHARME. 8vo, 12*. W. net
MACMILLAN A CO., Ltd, Londen.
Messrs. HURST & BLACKRTTS
NEW NOVELS are now in
great demand at all Booksellers3
and Libraries.
EACH AT 8IX 8HILLING3.
THE PREY OF THE STRONGEST.
By MORLKY ROBERTS,
Author of ' Rachel Murr,' Ac.
[Heady on Monday next, Aj>ril tS.
THE FLOWER OF FRANCE.
By JUSTIN* HTJNTLY McCARTHY.
A story in Mr. McCarthy's best Ktyle.
[Just published.
THE BLACK CUIRASSIER.
By PHILIP STEVENSON,
Author of ' A < iendarrae of the King.'
'• A novel far above the average of its kind.
The characters are human beings, and not mere lay
figures." — -Daily Express.
"Mr. Stevenson has conveyed with admirable
*kill a sense of the shifting and tumultuous camps,
and has given a fine study of the Germany of the
Thirty Years' War." — Tribune.
JIMMY QUIXOTE.
By TOM GALLON.
"Told with great delicacy and thoughtfulness.
All the characters are drawn with sympathy and
with insight." — Standard,
" Its author has given us nothing better since
« Tatterly.' "—Daily Telegraph.
THE TRIUMPHS OF EUGENE
VALMONT.
By ROBERT BARR.
" Valmont is a detective, he meets with thrilling
adventures." — St. James's Gazette.
" Told with infectious skill and brightness."
Standard.
UNDER THE ARCH OF LIFE.
By LADY HENRY SOMERSET.
"The story is one which will hold throughout
the reader's interest."— Times.
" A strong book and deserves recognition."
Daily Mail.
THE WHITE HAND.
By CARL JOUBERT.
"The story of 'The White Hand' is a fine
romance, full of the intense pityand the profound
conviction of Joubert." — World.
" Begin the book and you must continue it to
the inevitable ending — well written — by one who
knows, who loves, and hates." — Daily Chronicle.
THE DRAKESTONE.
By OLIVER ONIONS.
"It is one of the few books worth careful read-
ing, and worth also a permanent place in any
library." — Westminster Gazette.
" A very sound and thorough piece of work."
Daily Chronicle.
IN SILENCE.
By Mrs. FRED REYNOLDS.
" A sad but very pretty story, told with great
gentleness." — Morning Post.
" An interesting and skilful piece of work."
Athriurum.
" A pathetic and unusual story, with main-
touches of charm about it." — Standard.
JENNIFER PONTEFRACTE.
By ALICE and CLAUDE ASKEW.
" A storyfull of tragic inoident." — British Weekly.
"The story is very well put together, and is a
moving one throughout." — Daily Chronicle.
HURST A BLACKKTT, Limitkk,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
LATEST "DENT' BOOKS.
Kindly write at once for Prospectusesljf
the following Series, all of which
bear the name of "DENT"- the sign
of everything excellent in boohs.
LATE8T TEMPLE CLA88IC8.
BROWNINGS
DRAMATIS PERSONS
and
PALGRAVE'S
GOLDEN TREASURY.
doth, 1-. U, n<t ; IraThnr. Ea nt
Mao Temple lireek and Latin CK/wic- ..ml Le- < Unique*
I rancAi-.
MEDIEVAL TOWN SERIES.
"Literary Guide Books."
" Indispensable to those about to visit interesting t«
those who stay at home." — Punch.
Assisi, Constantinople, Moscow,
Nuremberg, Perugia, Prague, Toledo.
< l>Ui, It ML net ; leather, 4». W. net.
Also Bruges, Brussels, Cairo. Cam-
bridge, Chartres, Edinburgh, Ferrara.
Florence, London, Rome, Rouen, Siena,
Serille, Verona, Venice.
Cloth, 4*. Cd. net; leather, 0*. 64. net.
Paris. Ready in May.
PRIME MINISTERS OF ENGLAND.
Edited by STUART J. RKID.
VOLUMES NOW RKADY.
Beaconsfield (by Frocde, Ninth Edition),
Aberdeen, Melbourne, Peel, John Rus-
sell, Palmerston, Derby, Salisbury,
Gladstone, Rosebery.
Cloth, with Photogravure Frontispiece, 2*. fn> net.
ENQLI8H MEN OF 8CIENCE.
Edited by Dr. J. REYNOLDS GREEN.
FIRST VOLUMK,
HERBERT SPENCER.
By J. ARTHUR THOMSON, M.A.
With Photogravure Frontispiece, 2*. Od. net.
ONE HUNDRED YOLUHES NOW READY OF
EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY.
Edited by ERNEST RHYS.
Cloth, 1*. net ; leather, 2*'. net
"One of the bolde-st attempts yet formulated to .upply the
book-buying public with the greatest and best fn the Itiera-
ture of the world. Planned on n mast comprehensive and
ambitious scale."— Daily Telegraph.
YOU SHOULD READ AL80
MOROCCO OF TODAY.
By HUOENE AUBIN.
A Translation from the French of a book crowned last ye.tr
by the French Academy. l*rice e«. net. With - Maps.
"There can be no two opiuioni as to its completeness,
its absorbing interest, una its immense in*tni< the value."
WvrUI.
THE HCLSKAN LBOTU&ES FOB 1905 ISSCKD IN
BOOK FOKM AS,
THE CHRIST OF ENGLISH
POETRY.
By C. W. STUBBS, Dean of Ely.
Buckram, 6*. net.
" Deeply interesting. "— Spectator.
J. M. DENT & CX>. 29, Bedford Street, W.CL
N° 4095, April 21, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
471
SATURDAY, APRIL 21, 1906.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
The Plays and Poems of Greene 471
Emerson's Works 472
Thoughts and Fancies on Love 472
Ancient History of Egypt 473
New Novels (If Youth but Knew ; An American
Duchess ; Mr. Baxter, Sportsman ; Folly ; Blanche
Esmead ; A Mender of Nets ; The Triumphs of
Kueene Valmout ; The Mistakes of Miss Manisty)
474—475
Welsh Records .. 475
sports and Pastimes 476
Local History 477
Our Library Table (Through India with the Prince;
The Fleets of France and Europe ; Studies in
American Trade Unionism ; Salted Almonds ; Dic-
tionary of Indian Biography ; Morocco of To-day ;
The "New Century Library") 473— 480
List of New Books 480
Dr. Richard Garnett ; The Misplaced Leaf ok
'Piers the Plowman'; International Con-
gress of the Press ; The Asloan MS. ; The
late Mr. G. E. Lock 480—482
Literary Gossip 482
Science— The Cult of the Heavenly Twins;
Noteworthy Families ; Research Notes ;
Prof. Weldon ; Societies ; Meetings Next
Week ; Gossip 483—487
FiMB Arts— Our Library Table (Seven Angels of
the Renascence ; Beautiful Women in History and
Art ; The First Century of English Porcelain) ;
Georgian England at Whitechapel ; The
v.kitish School at Rome; Gossip .. 487—490
Music— Gossip; Performances Next Week .. 491
Drama— The Merchant of Venice ; Makkheim ;
Gossip 491—492
Index to Advertisers 492
LITERATURE
The Plays and Poems of Robert Greene.
Edited, with Introductions and Notes,
by J. Churton Collins. 2 vols. (Oxford,
Clarendon Press.)
The long-heralded edition of Greene's
' Plays and Poems ' by Prof. Churton Collins
raised the highest expectations. As things
go now, Dyce with his critical insight and
Grosart with his plodding talent have
ceased to satisfy Elizabethan students.
A more accurate text, more scholarship
in commentary, and no little critical
courage in sifting the confused material
— all these are conditions imposed on a
new editor. Prof. Collins has never lacked
energy, and he has fought hard for the
claims of scholarship : on these qualifica-
tions, among others not less important,
we based a hope that at last we should
have an edition of this difficult writer
which would be final in every reasonable
sense.
Prof. Collins cannot be charged with an
excess of enthusiasm in this venture.
There are signs of weariness in the attempt
to correct and improve upon his prede-
cessors. Thrice in his short preface he tells
the reader of "pains" unspared and "time
and trouble bestowed " — more, indeed,
than he " cares to remember " ; and he
half fears that all is inl rrj 4>aKV pvpov.
This, in ordinary circumstances, might
be modesty ; when read with the whole
editorial context, it is evidently the
vexation of an old hand. For in other
parts of the book, and chiefly in the notes,
he is not too patient of the worries of
interpretation, as when he says of a
difficult passage, " What this may mean
I cannot explain, and probably no one can"
This is an ill-judged confession to the
reader. An editor, and especially an
editor of Greene, is expected to take great
" pains " : this is assumed between
scholars. And no editor who is wise as
well as tolerably learned should in his
despair ban future inquiry. Experience
reads us this lesson often.
The materials for a life of Greene are,
as the editor says, " very ample." The
difficulty is how to disentangle the authentic
details and to explain the contradictions ;
also, we may add, to keep a just proportion
in the narrative and criticism. We have
no desire to minimize the importance of
Mr. Collins's biographical researches, but
they do not add enough to our knowledge
to justify the curtailment of the later
sections of the Introduction. On p. 13
we read : —
" It now remains to determine if possible
whether the poet, that is presumably the
Robert Greene baptized in 1558, was the
son of the innkeeper or the saddler."
Only on p. 54 does Mr. Colhns begin
the literary estimate, on which his ex-
tended opinion would have been welcome ;
and he is done at p. 60. The remaining
nine pages are concerned with the plays
attributed to Greene and the problems
of 'Selimus' and 'Henry VI.' Mr.
Collins's reticence is the more remarkable
after his opening sentence that Greene's
" services to English literature were
great," in novel, lyric, and drama. It is
of course right in a book of this sort to
settle carefully the rival claims of father
innkeeper and father saddler ; but literary
ancestry is not less important. With
the short thesis on the .latter we are
in general agreement ; but one or two
statements call for comment. Can it be
said that " Greene followed Sannazzaro
in interspersing prose with poetry," even
if we take " follow "in the loosest sense %
Was it Greene " who first brought comedy
. . . .into contact with poetry, into contact
with romance " ? for what of Lyly ?
And what is the critical " inwardness "
of a later note to the effect that " Greene's
hexameters are as detestable as Gabriel
Harvey's and Stanihurst's " ?
It is right, however, to say that the
editor bases his chief claims to the con-
sideration of Elizabethan scholars upon
his text and notes. For the first he takes
only a share of the credit ; he has relied
on a friend for the " regulation " of it,
and on the readers of the Clarendon
Press, who took upon themselves "much
mechanical drudgery " which, he admits,
" fell properly to his lot." The collabora-
tion, as far as we have been able to test
it, has been successful. A modernized
text, such as Dyce gave us, is of no account.
In the case of a classic, say Shakspeare,
it is desirable to supply a version for the
reader who is not a specialist ; but in
that of writers of the third and lower
grades, in which Greene must find his
place, there can be no such demand. It
is gratifying, therefore, that those who
have been longing for a trustworthy reprint,
as near as may be literatim tt verbatim,
can now be satisfied.
Mr. Colhns mingles his praise of Dyce
with sundry charges of shortcoming. He
tells us that his predecessor was too
' 'sparing in his elucidatory notes ." Possibly.
Dyce never allows us to feel that he has
given us all that he could have given. We
feel this, even in his heavily annotated
Skelton. But it is different with Mr.
Colhns, who frankly says that his notes
" have purposely been made as full as
possible," and who conveys the impression
that he has generously given us all that
he had to give. The editor, we think,
has paid some penalty for this gathering
of all his strength. If in some of his notes
he has helped us to fresh points of view
and to some new facts, in others he shows
certain limitations, which in a book of
this kind, intended for scholars, are
certainly unfortunate. We cannot rid
ourselves of the suspicion that he lacks
confidence in his knowledge of the byplaces
of Ehzabethan hterature. Had he been
less dogmatic, the suspicion might have
been less pressing. One or two examples
may be selected.
" What is meant by ' wide with a wit-
ness,' " says the editor (ii. 381), " I do
not know ; there is apparently some
corruption." The phrase, which means
" excessively," is by no means rare.
We need go no further afield than
the well-known letters of Spenser and
Harvey on ' Reformed Versifying,' for
there we find in the verses of " snob "
Harvey
French camarick ruffes, deepe with a witnesse,
starched to the purpose.
"Single goby," in the line which Mr.
Collins thinks " no one can explain,"
yields its mystery if printed " single
go-by." "Bright of blee " (ii. 373)
is a stock tag of the alliterative
romances. The long note on " Pen-
tageron " loses, we think, much by the
omission of reference to the " pentangle "
of these romances and to the locus classicus
in ' Sir Gawayne and the Grene Knight.'
" ' The bird crocodile ' is of course
ignorant nonsense," says Mr. Colhns,
" like Bottom's ' wildfowl ' for a lion "
(i. 299). The phrase cannot be dismissed
in this fashion, even if it turn out to be
a " faked " piece of natural history in the
Lylyean manner. " Bird," meaning the
young of any animal, is a familiar usage.
Many examples can be found in
the hterature of the decade in which
Greene's ' Looking Glasse for London '
appeared. A prosaic statute of 1597
orders the slaying of " woolfes and woolfe-
birdes." The note on "sheat," with Dr.
Skeat's ingenious reference to O.E. sceot,
must fall, if we read " feat " in the fine
printed (ii. 41)
Neat sheat and fine, as briske as a cup of wine.
The collocation of the words " neat " and
" feat " with " fine " is so common (even
in reference to drink) that illustrations are
unnecessary. And here we are tempted
to say that the editor makes scant
allowance for the strange pranks done
to authors' eopy in the Elizabethan
printing-houses. What, for example, is
gained by writing a sentence such as this !
172
THE ATHENjEUM
N#4095. Area 21, 1906
" (>t OVMh tln'v [GneiM and Miirlow.l
probably knew little or nothing ; Hid in MM
of the few piuvsup >s in which (Jrw'iKi ventures
on a Onvk phrase ho luvs himself open to
the suspicion of having mittsken the future
middle for the infinitive mood*' (i. 16).
Mr. Collins is referring to a line in the
'Address to Qentlemea Scholars' in
'Mourning Garment.' A correction in a
school edition might be necessary ; but
even their comment of this sort would be
out of place. What would Mr. Collins
way of Lodge'fl scholarship in the topsy-
turvy reference to Pernios, ' Prol.,1 i., in
the phrase "a well of the Muses which
< abelimus calleth Porum," or to the
hundred and one other examples which
could be culled in an hour ? The old
exegesis made a pretty thing of Shak-
speare in its pedantic treatment of the
text. We are supposed to be wiser now :
at least our truer knowledge of the con-
ditions of Elizabethan literary craftsman-
ship should not be forgotten when we are
dealing with the darker places and explor-
ing the Greenes and Marlowes for scholars.
Emerson's Complete Works. Centenary
Edition. 12 vols. (Constable & Co.)
There can be nothing but praise for
this edition. It appears, indeed, that,
in the opinion of Emerson's literary
executors, there is sufficient unpublished
manuscript to form three or four more
volumes. To these additions one looks
forward with some apprehension ; but
the twelve volumes now produced contain
so much varied criticism of life that a
larger acquaintance with the author's
writings is unlikely to make much differ-
ence to the resultant impression. The
notes, which are from the pen of Edward
Waldo Emerson, the author's son, are
perhaps too discursive, and even at times
too trivial, to recommend themselves very
heartily. They profess to be " sidelights
on the man, his surroundings, his work
and method," and to have been "gathered
from the journals, the correspondence,
reminiscences, and works written about
him." Too much time is taken up with
quoting from other works of the author,
especially from the poems, passages which
contain the same thought as the sentence
annotated, and this is not worth doing.
There is a great deal in these volumes
about the scholar. A noble conception
of his true place and function was Emer-
son's constant monitor and support : "In
the right state he is Man Thinking."
Nature has dearly at heart his formation :
"It is an end never lost sight of, and is
prepared in the original casting of things."
Yet we are enabled in all this earnest
writing to see only with difficulty and
interruption the face of a scholar in the
full sense of his own definition — one of
those
", who soo connection where the multitude
see fragments, and who are impelled to
exhibit the facts in order, and so to supply
the axis on which the frame of things turns."
Time is very hard on the literary man who
is almost a philosopher. A strong practical
MUM may keep ln> memory green when
speculative philosophy has gone down
before the gales of fashion or the breeze
of change. Never to use an argument
when a simile will serve ; never to cease
placing facts in mysterious relations out
of time and space; always to be feelin/j
for explanations, or finding them in the
principle that all is one— this is to fall
somewhere between literature and truth.
Emerson had a vivacious and most delicate
imagination : it was capable of sustained
and severe effort in no ordinary degree.
1 1 - movements are not steps, but a flight.
Yet imagination is not thought. After a
certain level has been reached Emerson
ceases to rise, and begins to hover : if he
is lost to sight, it is rather because there
is mist in his atmosphere than because
he has gone very far. " I incline," he
writes to Carlyle in 1840, "to write philo-
sophy, poetry, possibility — anything but
history." In his preface to the ' Essays '
Carlyle tells the English public : —
" Notions and half -notions of a meta-
physic theosophic kind are seldom long
wanting in these ' Essays.' I do not advise
the British public to trouble itself much
with all that : still less to take offence at it."
Most of what Emerson wrote was " possi-
bility." In this we find its interest and
its weakness, its extravagances and its
limits. Take, for example, the essay on
' History.' Admit at once that what are
called the facts of history exist by no
means as mere facts, but as proceeding
from, and appearing to, the human mind
and will. How strenuously this truth
is distorted under Emerson's exposition !
The argument — for it seems to be an
argument — gets as far in the first minute
as in an hour, and at no time is it at any
one stage more than another. Perhaps,
however, it is not meant to be an argu-
ment at all, but is only some mystic
" half -notion," as Carlyle would have
said, that has no real relation to the
special truth that at times appears to be
the object of his thought : —
" I hold our actual knowledge very cheap.
Hear the rats in the wall, see the lizard on
the fence, the fungus under foot, the lichen
on the log. What do I know sympathetic-
ally, morally, of either of these worlds of
life ? "
Again, in the essay on ' Contemplation,'
having given examples of how one extreme
leads to another — if you tax too high, the
revenue will yield nothing ; if you make
the criminal code sanguinary, juries will
not convict — Emerson reflects at once : —
" Those appearances indicate the fact
that the universe is represented in every
one of its particles. Everything in nature
contains all the powers of nature."
And in another moment : —
" The true doctrine of omnipresence is
that God reappears with all his parts in
every moss and cobweb."
This is but Spinozism with the philosophy
left out. In Hegel's language it is intro-
ducing God " out of a pistol."
On the whole, we should say that the
two greatest things which these volumes
contain are the oration on ' The American
Scholar ' and the ' Address delivered
before the Senior ( Ian in Divinity Colli
Cambridge, on the I5tb of July, I -.
Both are in the firht volume. The latter
especially presents Emerson's pun* ideals
oi lif<- without the thin-worn end* of
argumentative justification, and li^rhU
them up with a beautiful sin' -erity.
De FUiadlo MyrUo : CCCLX. Thoughts
and Fancies on Isjvc (Elkin Mathews.)
The first edition of this rare, intimate,
and beautiful book was published last
year ; it now appears with over a hundred
more " thoughts," of equal value with
those first published. A book of "thoughts"
can never expect a wide audience, and
this book, speaking only on one subj'
will have done excellently if it should
reach those few lovers of love who might
be capable of doing it no injustice. 'It
is the privilege," we are told in it, " of a
few elect souls to be in love with Love
and the sentence might be its key-note
and apology. Many phrases here and
there lead us to believe that it is the
work of a man who is no longer young,
but of one by whom love has been appre-
hended as at once the cause, support,
and final meaning of life. When we read,
" Would men consider that Love and
Love only keeps the world alive, they
would cease debating whether the world
is good," we come upon a philosophy
which only experience could have sug-
gested, much less justified. No lover,
while he still undergoes the exquisite
pains of his devotion, could write with the
unerring tact of these analytic homages.
They are the last dying flame of the
incense, as it burns faint, a mere essence,
in the darkening censer. These conclusions
are justified by the authorship of the
book revealed in our ' Literary Gossip.'
This book of love is really a book of
wrisdom, and the wisdom has a fragrance
such as could cling only about the wisdom
which rises out of a root of love. " All
the holiness of all the saints is dim beside
the radiance even of erring Love " : that
is one of the last lessons to be learnt from
wisdom ; and this, which is the pro-
foundest voice of nature : "In the religion
of Love the courtesan is a heretic ; but
the nun is an atheist " ; and this, which
judges man's conception of God : " God
is omnipotent because all-loving. Were
there any that God loved not. that
creature could resist him."
At moments this rare prose rises or
slides into verse, and we get final things
said finally, as in
Rekindled torch of Love was never quenched,
which sounds like a wrord-for-word trans-
lation from an unknown poem of Dante.
Some of the charm of the book is in the
alternation of prose and verse, and there
is here and there in the verse a quaint,
formal, old-fashioned sweetness, perfectly
balancing the gently poignant precision
of the prose. At times the feeling becomes
tierce for a moment, but always magnani-
mously, or for the honour of love ; as in
this sharp lesson : —
" The inconstant woman undergoes a
perpetual metempsychosis even in this life :
ll
N° 4095, April 21, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
473
one never knows into what beast her soul
may transmigrate next." -J
And there are moments of hard wit, that
strike deep, as in this mocking advice to
taste : —
" ' Assume our snakes,' said the Furies to
the Graces, ' that nothing may be wanting
to your loveliness.' "
Very little in this book is like anything
else, but there is one influence or kinship
which we cannot but distinguish : that
of Coventry Patmore. Part of what was
least easily understood in ' The Unknown
Eros ' might have been said by Patmore
in prose almost in these words : —
" Perhaps Love never feels for his love
quite as ho ought till he is able to say to
her with perfect justice and sincere con-
viction : ' O you foolish little creature ! '
But there is little in these pages which
Patmore would not have read with delight,
as one Doctor in Love might read and
delight in the treatise of another, recog-
nizing the accurate science and the dis-
creet enthusiasm of it. Has this par-
ticular truth ever been said with a finer
shade of exactitude ? —
" Ignorance and Innocence are twins in
the same cradle. Ignorance is never reared,
and her death is either the death of Inno-
cence also, or her immortality."
Below it, on the same page, is this : —
" Love is wont to visit Man in the com-
pany of Desire ; but Woman by himself."
In that epigram is contained a truth which
might well be put in the balances against
the latest German theory of woman — a
theory which professes, in the name of
science, that " woman is sexuality itself."
Put each saying in either scale, and if
they weigh level, realize that the latter
is explained by the former, not the former
by the latter.
A History of Egypt from the Earliest Times
to the Persian Conquest. By James
Henry Breasted, Ph.D. (Hodder &
Stoughton.)
Ancient Records of Egypt. By the same.
— Vol. I. The First to the Seventeenth
Dynasties. (University of Chicago Press. )
No one who knows anything about
Egyptology needs to be told that Dr.
Breasted, though an American professor,
is in all such matters more German than
the Germans. Hence one is prepared to
find, on opening his ' History,' that the
Pan-Semitic theory of the Berlin School,
which makes Egyptian a Semitic language,
ia accepted as proved ; and that the
chronology of Prof. Meyer, which reduces
the foundation of the kingdom to 3400 B.C.,
is used throughout. Further, the assump-
tion— on the authority of one imperfectly
deciphered sign on a broken ebony tablet
— that the king Aha, whose monuments
have been found in abundance at Negadah
and Abydos, was in fact Menes, the
legendary Pharaoh who first ruled over
united Egypt, is treated as a^well-estab-
lished proposition on which tJa the sub-
sequent history of the country depends.
All these statements are in fact made in
the text, and are made with that arroga-
tion of infallibility and superiority to all
necessity for discussion which is one of
the most irritating peculiarities of the
Berlin School. But, to be just, these
drawbacks are set off by many correspond-
ing advantages. German patience and
thoroughness are shown in the care which
induced Dr. Breasted, as he tells us, to
rely less on printed copies of the inscriptions
than on the actual monuments ; the vast
mass of material collected for the forth-
coming ' Egyptian Dictionary ' of the
Berlin Academy having been freely placed
at his disposal ; while the relegation of the
texts on which he relies to a separate work
enables him to present a narrative much
more continuous, and less broken up by
discussions of doubtful authorities, than
has been possible to most of his predecessors.
Nor is Dr. Breasted wanting in many of
the more personal qualifications of the
historian. Full of enthusiasm for the
subject to which he has devoted his life,
he has contrived to look upon Egyptian
history not as a succession of widely
scattered incidents, but as a regularly
evolving whole ; and a smooth and easy,
if not inspired, style enables him in most
cases to convey this impression to his
readers. In many respects, therefore,
the works before us rise above the level
of the three which have hitherto been at
the disposal of English readers. M.
Maspero's excellent ' Ancient History of
the East ' suffers much from the ambitious
attempt to drive several horses abreast
which led him constantly to interrupt
his history of the Egyptian people to
discuss that of the Assyrians, Babylonians,
Lydians, Carians, Greeks, and Jews.
Prof. Petrie's ' History of Egypt ' is, by
the admission of its author, more a cata-
logue of monuments that will be useful
to the student than a narrative that con-
veys any distinct impression to the general
reader. Even Dr. Budge's ' History,' which
has for the last few years held the
field, lacks continuity from the necessity
imposed upon the author of perpetually
turning aside to quote authorities ; while
its extension to Persian and Greek times
has led to its being spread out over
eight volumes. All these pitfalls have
been avoided by Dr. Breasted, and in the
result, and subject to the caution we have
indicated, his book is the best so far at
the disposal of the general reader.
The general idea of ancient Egypt that
Dr. Breasted presents is that of a central
state formed from a number of loosely
compacted parts, between which the
river highway was the principal connect-
ing link. The Pharaoh was from the
beginning of dynastic times looked upon
as divine, and under a strong ruler the
local princes or nomarchs were duly held
in check. At the end of the Sixth Dynasty
the central power became, according to
the same authority, so weakened that the
local rulers threw off its yoke, and hence-
forth all was chaos until the rise of the
Eleventh Dynasty, when the central autho-
rity was re-established, the situation being
pretty much that which supervened in
England after the Wars of the Roses.
But the Crown had now gathered increased
strength, partly from its monopoly of
foreign trade with countries like Somali-
land and the Sinaitic peninsula, and partly
from the rise of a middle class of artisans
and tradesmen, while it contrived to main-
tain a small but efficient professional
army of its own, apart from the militia
of the nomes. This blissful state of
things was upset by the invasion of the
Hyksos, whom Dr. Breasted pronounces,
with many reserves, to have been a
Semitic people ; and their domination
lasted no longer than a century. On
the expulsion of the Hyksos, the power
of the landed nobility was seen to be
broken for ever, and the new kingdom
emerged as a military state, in which
the power of the Crown was unquestioned,
and which was largely maintained by the
tribute exacted from its foreign conquests.
On the gradual decline of Egypt and its
cause, the rise to power of the priests of
Amen, Dr. Breasted is entirely in accord
with other historians, and, indeed, the
facts are too well established to be dis-
puted on any but minor details.
Dr. Breasted is more original in his
theories on the succession of kings in the
Eighteenth Dynasty, which is a period he
has made his own. He is of opinion that
the great conqueror Thothmes III., whom
he compares to Alexander and Napoleon,
was the son of Thothmes I., and married,
not to the daughter of the famous queen
Hatshepsut, but to that lady herself ; and
he supposes a break of some five
years in the middle of her reign, when
Thothmes I. and II. shared the throne
between them, and set themselves to
work to efface her monuments. Of this
there is, as he confesses, very little evi-
dence, any more than there is of a large
Semitic immigration into Egypt in pre-
dynastic times, of the Semitic origin of
the Hyksos, or of the supposed Semitic
structure of the Egyptian language. In
all these matters Dr. Breasted must be
supposed to be merely echoing the state-
ments of his friends at Berlin, which but
too often seem to be inspired less by a
desire to elucidate the truth than to
convince the unlearned in such matters
that it is they, and not other Egyptological
schools, who are to be trusted as guides
through the maze of tradition. In some
cases, such as the alleged shortness of
Hyksos supremacy, he runs counter not
only to the opinion of M. Maspero and
Dr. Budge, but also to that of Mr. Griffith,
who generally supports the Berlin School ;
while in others it is impossible to check
his theories in the absence of the remaining
volumes of his ' Records.' Yet this does not
weigh heavily against the beautifully clear
picture he presents of the fatal influence of
the " Priest in Power "; and in the con-
cordance he establishes between the history
of the Egyptians and that of the Hebrews
he will command the assent of all. His
view of the degradation of Egyptian reli-
gion under the New Kingdom, as shown
by the greater prominence assigned to
' The Book of the Dead ' and similar
magical means of overcoming the terrors
471
THE ATHENjEUM
N°40»;
April 21, 1906
of the other world, tad the rise <>f animal*
arorehip daring the deeedeooe, is likely
also, ire think, to be reoognieed as correct.
The ' History <»f Egypt ' is at once
I lr arlv printed," handy in form, and well
equipped with excellent maps, and repro-
ductions of photographs both new and
really illustrative. Dr. Breasted cannot,
of course, \h' blamed for Bring American-
isms, though such forms ax " vigourous,"
" labouriously," &c, are new to us, and
seem inconsistent with the usual American
spelling of their respective nouns. He
fortunately spares us the worst eccen-
tricities of Pan-Semitic transliteration, but
there seems little consistency in his render-
ing of Egyptian names, which, while re-
taining Anton - hotep for Amenothes or
Amenophis, transmogrifies Thothmes into
Thutmose, Ra into Re, and Aahmes into
Ahmose, and speaks of all the Usertsens
as Sesostris I., Sesostris II., and so on.
Besides these, there are some mistakes,
such as " Thou are," " Pharoah," " his
childhood nurse," and " impractical,"
which may, we suppose, be set down as
slips — trifles, perhaps, but capable of
rectification later.
It is too early to review in detail the
volume of ' Ancient Records ' mentioned
above, especially as we learn from other
sources that the succeeding volumes
will not be long delayed. The general
arrangement of the work seems excellent,
and Dr. Breasted's translations leave
nothing to be desired. It is to be hoped,
however, that, when the whole work is
before us, we shall find that he has not
devoted himself entirely to German sources,
but has extended his purview to French
and English ones as well. Had he done
so earlier, he might have noted that the
latest discoveries of Dr. Naville and Mr.
Hall at Deir el-Bahari by no means bear
out his arrangement of the Eleventh
Dynasty, and that M. Georges Foucart
has shown that the founder of the Eigh-
teenth Dynasty was not " Kemose," as
stated in the ' History,' but a Seqenen-Ra.
Yet both the works here noticed cannot
but prove alike a benefit and a con-
venience to students of Egyptian history.
Hans. It begins to be romantic, it
continues in the true vein of romance,
and ends sweetly upon a proper romantic
note, to the accompaniment of (Jeiger-
Hans's fiddle. That personage we do not
wholly accept. He is perhaps explicable
in a charming romantic country, but we .
should have preferred him to be less .
o{^thc)deus ex machina. He belongs
to fairy tales, and is a pretty figure :
at that. He comes out of our nursery !
past, fiddling down the years, and j
we welcome him warmly. But we do I
not believe in him now. On the other
hand, we know the foolish, handsome,
arrogant young count very well, and his
beautiful Sidonia ravishes us. It would
have been more acceptable if Mr. and
Mrs. Castle had contrived the estrangement
between bride and bridegroom on a less
flimsy misunderstanding. Sidonia is as
hot-headed and as wilful as Steven, and
as youth is wont to be ; but we cannot
believe that the Burgravine's wiles would
have succeeded so easily. The authors
make us adequately feel the corruption
of Jerome's Court, and the heart follows
the fortunes of Sidonia flutteringly till
she is safe in her husband's arms — a pretty
conclusion to a very pretty love story.
ing side of life is grasped and set forth
faithfully. Mr. Baxter himself, the in-
satiate gunner (" life is so short,"' he nays,
" and there is so much to kill "), with
leaded umbrella, " just a quarter of a
pound heavier than any game gun." his
rushes tip Primrose Hill for training, and
his three tons of exactly equal pellets in
his wine-cellar, i- the good genius of the
story, and saves poor Barry Absalom,
who has got into terrible disgrace with a
severely autocratic father, from ruin and
despair. The father is farcically over-
drawn, but the tale does not lend it self
to serious analysis.
NEW NOVELS.
If Youth but Knew. By Agnes and
Egerton Castle. (Smith, Elder & Co.)
Mr. and Mrs. Castle have the happy
gift of selecting their periods and scenes
picturesquely. They have discovered this
before, and once again demonstrate it.
The time and rule of Jerome Bonaparte
in that Westphalian kingdom carved out
for him by his masterful brother have
rarely been the occasion and material of
romance. Yet they are essentially
romantic. The period chosen by the
authors is just anterior to the fall of
Jerome, and the critical part of the
narrative passes in Cassel at the King's
Court. The atmosphere clothes this story
as a garment from the vory outset, when
we make the acquaintance of the young
Anglo-Austrian count and his chance
companion, the wayfaring fiddler, Geiger-
An American Duchess. By Arabella
Kenealy. (Chapman & Hall.)
Miss Kenealy uses a trowel for her satire
and a brush for her pathos. The daughters
of Columbia need not, therefore, feel
greatly concerned about the effect of her
latest novel in forming British opinion of
Transatlantic brides. The divorced Saidie's
task is to tick " like a clock " as she walks
about extravagantly ornamented, and to
separate the dutiful peer of the story from
a high-souled girl-graduate. Lord Whit-
tingham is sound at the core, but it must
be clearly proved that he can feel the
charm of personality despite an ugly
exterior, and so the heroine is made to
disguise herself with wig and goggles and
to attract the unflattering notice of Scot-
land Yard in order to triumph over him
the more completely. The pathos of the
story concerns the little son of Saidie (the
ex-duchess) and Lord Whittingham. At
five (or is it six ?) he is the martyr of his
knowledge of his mother's attachment for
her chauffeur. While he is before the
reader he says several quaint tilings which
evince Miss Kenealy's faculty for creating
a child-character, but to be thoroughly
believed in he needs to appear under large
type in a newspaper.
Mr. Baxter, Sportsman. By Charles Field-
ing Marsh. (Smith, Elder & Co.)
There are no great graces of style in this
Norfolk story, but the local speech and
modes of thought are perfect. One is
glad to see real East Angles unstained by
the grossness of some recent pictures.
Also the writer has a good eye for nature.
The description of a snow-scene on the
sandhills will appeal to any one familiar
with the district. For the rest, the sport -
Folly. By Edith Rickert. (Edward
Arnold.)
This story opens to the strain of rejoicing
that a woman, young, rich, beautiful, can
regard her first-born child without active
detestation. The pleading of her husband
that Folly will not revenge herself u|>on
the baby, and his relief at her concession,
scarcely tempt the reader to learn more
about such a heroine. A lover of Folly's
shortly appears, and he, although he
knows that he is doomed by malignant
disease of the throat, has the incredible
meanness to renew his suit. It is fair to
add that he subsequently thinks better of
it ; but passion, miscalled pity, in the
woman will not be denied, and it is
difficult to say whether the details of
physical disease or of moral obliquity
are the more irritating. Honour, faith,
duty, are words without meaning to
the wife ; to act upon the impulse
of the moment is her only rule of con-
duct. The author, however, appears to
regard her worthless creation, pictured
attractively in the frontispiece, with
benign indulgence, as a naughty, lovable
child, whose beauty and charm excuse ■
temporary wilfulness. Folly's marvellous
mother-in-law represents this view of the
case. The book is written with brightness
and fluency, but it is repulsive, and we
altogether decline to believe in the con-
version of the heroine at the close.
Blanche Esmead : a Story of Differ* nt
Temperaments. By Ella Fuller Mait-
land. (Methuen & Co.)
It needed no sub-title to show that in
this book we are amid the clash of tongues
and temperaments. As the tale of the
engagement continues, it grows in vitality
and interest, whereas in the beginning it
seemed to hang fire. The opposing tempera-
ments are really antagonistic in essence.
The circle is small, so are the issues ; but
they are treated with some insight and
one or two hints of humour. The mental
horizon (or absence of horizon in some
cases) has been studied and understood.
The dialogue improves as it gets into
swing and the talkers begin to show their
mettle. The conclusion appears to par-
take of the nature of an anti-climax,
although.,;;, ' designed to make for the
heroine's '5r<»pj)iness. One is not prepared
for the death of the blundering, healthy
N°4095, April 21, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
475
clergyman, who, in spite of everything
most distasteful in manner and address,
is rather a good fellow. Sometimes his
portrait becomes almost a caricature.
Most people have known such a person,
though the type is, perhaps, disappearing.
A Mender of Nets. By W. Mackay.
(Chatto & Windus.)
The title character, presumably of Italian
parentage, has grown from an orphaned
morsel of flotsam — adopted by a fisherman
of an East Anglian -port — to a tall, beauti-
ful girl, surpassing in distinction and
refinement her English workfellows, when
she appears repairing fishing nets in a
grimy loft. The sisters of a French
convent school, who had settled near
the English port, teaeh her French and
the use of a singing voice, yet she prefers
the sterling worth and fine physique of
the young fisherman with whom she
" walks out " to a wealthy and compara-
tively refined suitor. The storm and
stress and pathos of her love story are
artistically interwoven with much humor-
ous characterization and pungent satire
on municipal life. The alderman who is
first vain and secondly venal, the councillor
whose public service is entirely controlled
by his own interests, the ambitious and
capable citizen equally devoted to the
progress of his borough and his own ad-
vancement, the lady philanthropist called
" the Parish Aunt," and the town-crier who
moulds himself on the vain alderman, may
possibly five as popular types of cha-
racter. Then there is a skipper recalling
Dirk Hatteraick by rigid loyalty to owners
contrasted with moral laxity in other
respects, and a parvenu county-member
worked puppet-wise by an aristocratic
and tactful private secretary. The author
drops the curtain on a crisis, leaving it to
the reader's discretion to complete the
administration of poetic justice after the
heroine has passed out of the harbour on
a trawler into the dark sea mists.
Th c Triumphs of Evgene Valmont. By
Robert Barr. (Hurst & Blackett.)
EuoftNB Valmont is an addition to the
large number of private detectives who
have betrayed the confidence of their
clients by recording their achievements.
Dismissed from the responsible post of
" chief detective to the Republic of
France," because his excess of zeal con-
cerning a diamond necklace caused France
to be laughed at, he places his talents at
the disposal of the British people. His
exploits, especially when he is engaged
in thwarting the plans of anarchists,
make interesting reading, though occa-
sionally he displays a vast amount of
ingenuity in discovering the obvious. If
Kugene Valmont'a " triumphs " (which,
by the way, include some failures) do not
entitle him to rank with Sherlock Holmes,
his Gallic vivacity, his fine manners, his
supreme contempt for English legal
methods, and his monumental vanity
make hia personality distinctive. The
creation of Eugene Valmont may, indeed,
be counted one of Mr. Barr's best achieve-
ments.
The Mistakes of Miss Manisiy. By
Ashton Hilkers. (Ward, Lock & Co.)
This story begins uncommonly well. It
opens with a hunting scene, full of move-
ment and a delightful sense of the open
air. The initial sketch of Miss Manisty
— who comes to grief in jumping a ford —
is attractive, and the sartorial difficulty
which Mr. Biddulph Wright helps her to
overcome has: a pleasing touch of comedy.
But the promise of the opening chapters
is not fulfilled. The scent of the country
is quickly lost in an atmosphere of melo-
drama. Miss Manisty is foolish enough
to make a heavy bet with a low-bred Jew
on a horse race, and the rest of the story
is mainly concerned with his unscrupulous
use of her folly. How such an obvious
cad as Ferdinand Mendel was allowed to
join the Quarrendon Hunt is inexplic-
able, and how such a discerning young
lady as Miss Manisty came to have the
slightest dealings with him is equally hard
to understand. The story is briskly told,
but is much too unconvincing to be inter-
esting, and most of the character-drawing
is no better than the plot.
WELSH RECORDS.
The Itinerary in Wales of John Leland in
or about the Years 1536-1539. Extracted
from his MSS. Arranged and edited by
Lucy Toulmin Smith. (Bell & Sons.)— The
present volume is the first instalment of a
new edition of Leland's ' Itinerary.' While
that edition was being prepared, it was
suggested that the scattered portions relating
to Wales should be brought together and
issued as a separate volume. It deserves
to be recorded, especially as it is not men-
tioned in Miss Toulmin Smith's preface,
that such a project seems to have been con-
templated, and was in part executed, a
hundred years ago or more, by Sir Richard
Colt Hoare, whose transcript of the Welsh
portions, with an index of his own, is now
preserved at the Cardiff Free Library. We
regret to say that in the present instance
the work of bringing together all the Welsh
material has not been carried out with any-
thing like thoroughness. Taking Hearne's
second edition (1744) of the 'Itinerary'
as our reference text, we find that the
omissions from the present volume include
Leland's account of Presteign, of bridges
on the Wye, and of the three Monmouth-
shire castles of Skenfrith, Grosmont, and
Whitocastle (printed in Hearne's edition at
vol. iv. pp. 85-6) ; his list of castles on the
Wye, and minor notes on the counties of
Cardigan, Carmarthen, and Montgomery
(vol. vii. pp. 19 and 138-40) ; and an
important fragment (viii. 90-92) relating
mainly to a number of ancient fortified
sites in Carmarthenshire, such as Castell
Lie Carreg, Craig Dinas, and Grongar (or
" Rounghay," as Leland spells it), which
have hitherto been generally overlooked by
archaeologists.
Two extracts from the ' Collectanea ' aro
added by way of appendixes to tho volumn :
one gives a brief account of Gower, while the
other, and moro important, is a list of
Anglesey benefices, " with a list parallel to
it giving tho principal geographical features,
both written by a copyist (perhaps Welsh),
though annotated by Leland." Between
these two extracts, in Hearne's edition, are
four pages of notes in Latin, mainly relating
to Glamorgan topography, and containing
pen-and-ink sketches of the courses of the
chief rivers in that county. Though these
notes were obviously written in connexion
with the ' Itinerary,' they are not even men-
tioned in the present edition. This is much
to be regretted, as this fragment was also
omitted from the reprint of the Glamorgan
portion of the ' Itinerary ' in Mr. J. A.
Corbett's edition of Merrick's ' Book of
Glamorganshire Antiquities ' some twenty
years ago.
We note with pleasure a valuable feature
of the volume, Dr. Gwenogvryn Evans's
identifications of the more archaio and
corrupt place - names of Leland's text.
Such a task could scarcely be earned
out successfully, except with the co-
operation of a number of scholars from,
various parts of Wales, each of them an
authority on the place-names of his own
district. Dr. Evans is to be specially con-
gratulated on the completeness and accuracy
of his identifications for the Snowdon dis-
trict, and West Wales generally ; but in
other parts he often misses the mark. Thus
he fails to detect that Leland confused
Llandovery and Llanddowror, which accounts
for his referring to " Llanandeuery " when
in the neighbourhood of Whitland (pp. 57,
115), near which place Llanddowror is
situated. Leland's "Euery brook" and its
identification by Dr. Evans as " Dyfri "
are due to false derivations of the name
Llandovery, for there is no brook near that
town bearing any such name ; " Abercorran' '
is not Abercowyn, but the old name for
Laugharne ; " Canterceli " is Cantre-Seli,
not -Celli ; " Aberhedon " is Aberedw, near
Builth, not Aber Hodni, which, by the way,
has no existence ; and " St. Tereudacus
Chapel yn the Mouth of Wy Ryver " is
not Mathern, but an island in the Wye
estuary, now irreverently known to picnic
parties as Treacle Chapel !
There remains a small residuum of some-
what puzzling names which Dr. Evans has
not attempted to identify. Thus " Glyn-
dama, a lordship within a mile of the Hay,"
must be the place which Leland calls " Lan-
damas " (now Llanthomas) in his list of
Wye castles, unfortunately omitted from
this volume. To a different category belongs
Leland's quaint allusion to David flolbeche,
founder of Oswestry School : " Sum say
that this David made David Yn yn London."
Surely it should have been explained in a
foot-note that the reference was to Thavies
Inn, which long after Leland's time con-
tinued to be a haunt of Welsh attorneys.
We doubt the accuracy of the note (p. 112)
that " ' Soga ' is used in Welsh as an epithet
towards old women."
As King's Antiquary, Leland was at times
probably furnished with official papers, and
this gives special value to his account of
the territorial divisions of Wales. His list
of cantrevs is a copy of a contemporary
list now preserved among the Cotton MSS. ;
but as his copy varies somewhat from the
original, both have been printed in this
work, and aro thus made available for com-
parison with the two other oldest lists of
the kind, dating from the same period, and
printed a few years ago, in the Cymmrodor
and the Oxford edition of the ' Red Book of
Hergest ' respectively.
The volumo is supplied with separate
indexes of places and persons, neither of
them, however, being quite exhaustive. A
map is also added, on which tho probable
route of Leland's journey ings is traced.
47«
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4095, April 21, 1906
Only the chief points mentioned hy him
are marked, and some of the routes are
admittedly conjectural. Still, as a tentative
sketch, the map will contribute something
to the understanding of Leland's scheme
of travel. Despite the imperfections we
have named, the present reprint will supply
a great need in making Leland's text avail-
able to all who are not within reach of the
larger libraries, and it will, in particular, be
a considerable boon to local antiquaries.
Cardiff Records : being Materials for a
History of the County Borough from the
Earliest Times. Edited by John Hobson
Matthews. Prepared by Authority of the
Corporation, under the Direction of the
Records Committee. Vol. V. (Sotheran
& Co.) — In his preface to this volume the
editor apologetically remarks that " the
miscellaneous character of the ' Cardiff
Records,' and the lack of arrangement in the
manner of their presentation, are still more
evident in this fifth volume than in its
predecessors." He explains that " the ad-
mitted want of chronological sequence " is due
to the fact that the scope of his work, " at
first restricted within narrow limits, was
enlarged by several successive resolutions
of the Council, at considerable intervals of
time." In order to remedy, as far as possible,
the grave i iconveniences of this chrono-
logical chaos, an exhaustive index to the
whole series should unquestionably have
been included in this final volume. In
fact, "indices nominum, locorum, et rerum"
were specifically promised by the Town
Clerk in the prospectus which he issued in
1898, and which now lies before us. We
trust that steps will at once be taken to
redeem this promise and to supply an
omission inexcusable on the part of a
rich munieipality such as Cardiff. If
this be done, we suggest that the extracts
from the Council Minutes which occupied
two -thirds of the fourth volume, and fill
more than a third of the present one,
should have an index of their own, distinct
from that of the general historical matter
of the series. We are, indeed, at a loss to
understand why a separate volume was not
set apart for these Minutes, instead of
inserting portions of them in the middle
of two different volumes ; but that is only
an illustration of the lack of arrangement
from which the whole work unfortunately
suffers.
As to the other contents of the present
instalment, the only original documents of
interest are certain extracts from the Act
Books of the Diocese of Llandaff ; but as
most of these relate to the cathedral church,
which is outside the limits of Cardiff, there
is no obvious reason for their inclusion,
while this fragmentary treatment may
perhaps frustrate the early publication of
the older Acts in their entirety. The editor
contributes translations of extracts relating
to Cardiff from well-known Latin and
Welsh records and chronicles already printed,
such as the ' Liber Landavensis,' Papal
Registers, and the ' Valor Ecclesiasticus.'
He also supplies very useful lists of all the
the chief officials in the hundred and borough
of Cardiff. No less useful is his schedule of
some 1,200 place-names in the Cardiff
district, with explanatory notes, some of
which are, however, wide of the mark.
These two lists might, to a large extent,
have served the purpose of an index, had
Mr. Matthews added references to the pages
of each volume in which the names of these
officials and places appear.
In some respects the most valuable item
in the whole work is that supplied by Mr.
J. Stuart Corbett. It represents an attempt
on his part to illustrate by means of a
coloured map and some three pages of notes,
" the situation and boundaries of the old
manors or lordships and estates of various
monasteries in the neighbourhood of Cardiff."
We admire Mr. Corbett's courage in attacking
so difficult a task, and also congratulate
him on the large measure of success which
he has achieved in its execution.
Like its predecessors, the volume is pro-
fusely and handsomely illustrated, there
being views of bygone and modern Cardiff,
portraits of a few local celebrities, and photo-
graphs of the municipalia and corporation
plate. The whole work has, appropriately,
been printed at Cardiff, and its clear type
and good paper (also of local manufacture,
we believe) reflect credit on the Western
Mail Press.
Cardigan Priory in the Olden Days. By
Emily M. Pritchard (Olwen Powys). (Heine-
mann.) — Cardigan Priory was, about the
middle of the seventeenth century, the home
of a writer of some reputation, known as
" The Matchless Orinda." Perhaps Mrs.
Pritchard, who now lives at the Priory,
and who, like her predecessor, affects a
nom de guerre, has an ambition to re-
vive the literary associations of her home.
Be that as it may, we cannot congratulate
her on what appears to be her first
production in the department of history.
She has obtained from printed books and
unpublished records a number of references
to the Priory of Cardigan, and pieces together
these fragments in more or less chronological
order. As a rule, there is nothing to show
where one document ends and another begins ;
quotation marks are rarely used ; and the
occasional rough notes of the author's corre-
spondents, obviously intended for her own
private guidance in working up the material
supplied, are naively incorporated in the text
without any distinction in type, and not
always accurately. Thus a friend's trans-
lation of " per me " is in one instance repro-
duced as " i.e. Byrne " — obviously a mistake
for " By me." It is much to be regretted
that Mrs. Pritchard did not secure some one
to " subedit " her work and provide it with
an index, as it contains valuable material,
some of it now published for the first time.
Among this new material are abstracts of
four documents preserved in the muniment
room of Gloucester Cathedral, which tell
how the Abbey of Chertsey (to which
Cardigan Priory was attached) misappro-
priated, and was later compelled to yield
up, a certain church at Cardigan which had
been granted to Gloucester by Gilbert de
Clare, Earl of Hertford (not Hereford, as
given in the text), previous to the establish-
ment of the priory. The closing incident
in the priory's existence as an ecclesiastical
foundation — namely, the inquiry as to the
image of the Virgin, with a taper which was
believed to have burnt for nine years — is told
without any reference to Thomas Wright's
previous publication of the reports on the
matter in his ' Letters relating to the Sup-
pression of Monasteries.' The devolution
of the priory property after the Dissolution,
including " Orinda' s " connexion with the
house, is, however, worked out with
satisfactory fullness by means of extracts
from State papers and other manuscript
sources. The architectural matter is for
the most part untrustworthy. The work
is illustrated with some half-a-dozen ex-
cellent photogravures, the more interesting
of which show the east window of the present
priory church, and a couple of heads in the
chancel. There is also appended a reduced
facsimile of Blaeu's map of Cardiganshire,
published at Amsterdam in 1646. This has
an interesting sketch of the priory in the
margin. r .
SPORTS AND PASTIMES.
President Roosevelt, in the chapter of
his book ' Outdoor Pastimes of an American
Hunter ' devoted to the bibliography of
sport, remarked : —
"But the best recent book on the wilderness
is Herr CL <J. Schillings's ' Mit Bhtzlicht und
Btichse,' giving the writer's hunting adventures,
and alxive all his acute scientific observations and
his extraordinary photographic work among the
teeming wild creatures of German East Africa.
Mr. Schillings is a great field naturalist, a trained
scientific observer, as well as a mighty hunter, and
no mere hunter can ever do work even remotely
approaching in value that which he has done
Every effort should bo made to turn the modern
big-game hunter into the Schillings type of adven-
ture-loving field naturalist -'^d observer."
The President further recommended that
an English translation should at once be
made. No time has been lost, for Mr.
Frederic White has produced an English
version, with an introduction by Sir H. H.
Johnston, entitled With Flashlight and Rifle,
by C. G. Schillings, 2 vols. (Hutchinson &
Co.), which should meet with much success
in this sport- and adventure-loving country.
The illustrations, 302 " untouched " photo-
graphs by the author, are in themselves a
great attraction ; for though as mere speci-
mens of landscape photography they are
not remarkable, the use of the flashlight,
and consequent exhibition of wild animals
moving in the freedom of night — beasts
of prey in the act of springing on their
victims, the more timid sort, such as zebras
or antelopes, stealthily approaching water
to drink — lends great distinction to this
book. Artists who illustrate books of sport
and travel may learn a great deal from
many of the rough photographs ; they will
be able to see how different animals appear
in the jungle or veldt from those in a
menagerie or museum, and may profit
thereby.
Herr Schillings writes of himself as armed
with a single-barrelled rifle of obsolete make,
yet his performances are, to say the least,
remarkable. He must be an extraordinarily
fine rifle-shot, and able to shoot steadily
after great bodily exertion. Very few can do
this beyond the closest range. Writing of
ivory, he remarks that science has yet to
discover a substitute for billiard balls. It
has gone far on the way, for America supplies
bonzoline balls of good quality and great
durability, whilst England makes crystalate
balls which in behaviour on the billiard
table closely approach those of the best
ivory. The volumes are printed on loaded
paper because of the numerous illustrations ;
this makes them very heavy to hold. There
is no index, but lists of mammals and
birds collected by the author are added as
appendixes.
An agreeable and pleasant book on a kind
of sport not largely followed will be found
in Mr. T. R. Hubback's Elephant and Sela-
dang Hunting in Malaya (Rowland Ward) —
agreeable because of the unpretentious way
in which the tales are told ; pleasant by
reason of the clear type, which makes read-
ing easy, and the illustrations, which convey
an excellent idea of the country.
The author justly remarks that the Malay
Peninsula is little known to the general
public, " although it is the greatest tin-
producing country in the world." It is not
a big-game hunter's country, for difficulties
abound, whilst the bag is small ; but sports-
men whose duties take them thither, and
who are sufficiently keen to face the nearly
impenetrable jungle and the constant rain,
will doubtless achieve moderate success.
But what is a seladang ? The name does
NMG95, April 21, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
477
not appear in Jerdon's ' Mammals of India,'
nor in Cuvier, nor in ' The Encyclopaedia of
Sport ' ; there is, however, no doubt that
it is closely allied to Oavceus gaurus, the gaur
or wild cattle of India : —
" The selatlang has no dewlap and no hump,
thus differing entirely from the domesticated cattle
of the East, but there is a very distinctive dorsal
ridge running backwards from the neck nearly to
the middle of the back, where it terminates very
abruptly The beauty of the seladang lies
•chiefly in his head and shoulders, his great length
of body and somewhat low quarters giving him
rather a clumsy appearance behind the shoulders—
an appearance quite at variance with his nature,
as he is anything but a clumsy animal."
In pursuit of his two sorts of animals the
author spent much time and energy, chiefly
in following those which had been wounded.
Strange to say, he usually succeeded in
eventually killing the beasts, and only those
who know the weariness of such pursuit in
heavy jungle, with hot sun and rain alter-
nately, and aUve with poisonous insects,
can do justice to his tenacity and resolution.
His battery was, we think, in fault : a
charge of seven to ten drams of black powder,
winch left in the damp air a thick cloud of
smoke, is not suitable for the work, whilst
the number of eight- or ten-bore bullets
required to kill an animal or bring it to a
halt contrast strangely with recent experience
in Africa, where the *303 rifle has been used
for elephants with deadly effect.
Chats on Angling. By Capt. H. V. Hart-
Davis. With Illustrations by the Author.
{Horace Cox.) — Why is there a prejudice
against quarto books ? Probably, for one
thing, because they suggest the album — that
refuge for the commonplace. This pleasant
■chat on angling would have been pleasanter
as a thick octavo than as it is — a thin quarto :
both illustrations and text would have gained
in dignity by reduction in size. Booksellers
dislike quartos, collectors detest them, and
the ordinary reader does not know what to
do with them. Like the thick five -shilling
piece, they are changed as soon as possible
for handier issues.
Although a thousand pounds (or a million,
for that matter) would be offered in vain for
any proof that Dr. Johnson classed anglers
with fools — he loved Walton — yet the libel,
like a bad penny, turns up continually. We
expect to find it with the perennial Dame
Juliana Berners in every angling writer's
preface, and Capt. Hart-Davis has not
distinguished his book by omitting it.
It may be said that we write in a carping
spirit ; but the angler who writes a book
is fishing for readers, and should avoid the
well-worn lures ; he should avoid giving
the impression at the outset that he has
nothing to offer but the old apologies, the
old arguments, and the old advice with
which the angler's library groans. But
we must not forget that to look at a
new book on fly-fishing for trout and salmon,
and to compare it with the great array of
such books already known to us, is not
sportsmanlike, if we merely do so in order
to say there is nothing new in it. Anglers
are born every day ; every season sees new
enthusiasts on the old streams ; and they
will find, if they are fortunate enough to
get ' Chats on Angling,' that Capt. Hart-
Davis's book has the true ring : it expresses
well that almost indefinable charm of fly-
fishing which they feel \ his practical advice
is admirable, and his enthusiasm " catch-
ing." The expert will find his experiences
confirmed — always a satisfactory feeling ;
and young as well as old anglers will get
pleasure out of the views of lake and river,
which prove that the captain can handle the
brush as well as the rod
We congratulate the " Amateur Angler "
on the appearance of yet another volume,
Fishing for Pleasure, and Catching It (Werner
Laurie). Besides the practical hints which
this accomplished lover of fishing, in whom
old experience doth attain
To something like prophetic strain,
never fails to give his readers, we are pleased
with the geniality and love of the open air
which shine throughout the book, and
recall the jolly wisdom of old Izaak. The
author has fished in the book market, we
notice, for two of his chapters, so that some
of his matter is hardly fresh to the book
expert ; but it is at any rate a catch that
pleased us well when we first made it our-
selves. Mr. R. B. Marston supplies a chapter
on some recent experiences as a fisherman.
The book is one to be enjoyed rather than
criticized. We hope that the author will
give us more of his visits to streams and
other delights, for though he is a grandfather,
he has escaped, by means of some happy
conjuncture of stars (or, shall we say 1 of
temperament), the frailties and disabilities
incident to age.
LOCAL HISTORY.
St. Giles's of the Lepers. By Edward
C. W. Grey. (Longmans & Co.) — Between
1822 and 1892 at least four books were
written on the history and topography of
the parish of St. Giles of the Lepers — better
known as St. Giles-in-the-Fields — and of its
offshoot, the parish of St. George, Blooms-
bury ; and here is yet another. The writer
frankly acknowledges his indebtedness to
his predecessors in the field, but claims con-
sideration, partly because he was connected
with St. Giles's parish for tliirty-four years,
during which he seized every opportunity
of collecting facts about the district, and
partly because his predecessors had never
attempted to look at the subject " exactly
from the people's point of view." The
book should certainly serve as a popular
guide, the general dullness of such books
being in this case relieved by interesting
biographical and topographical notes, and
gossipy stories of historical and oftentimes
eccentric characters.
Of the hospital for lepers situated hard by
St. Giles's Church, which thus acquired its
ancient designation of " St. Giles's of the
Lepers," the author tells us little or nothing
new. Few writers on the subject seem to
be aware of the close connexion that existed
between the City of London and tliis leper
hospital, and of the City's well-established
right to nominate, and have maintained
within its walls, a full complement of four-
teen lepers. As far back as the reign of
Edward I. (not Edward III., as inadvertently
stated by Mr. Grey) the hospital had been
transferred to the custody of the Master of
the Hospital for Lepers at Burton Lazars, a
village near Melton Mowbray, in Leicester-
shire, famous for its sulphur springs. This
gave rise to trouble, for, in course of
time, citizens of London (many of whom
had been large benefactors to St. Giles's
Hospital) had cause to complain of lepers
ejected by order of the Master of Burton
Lazars, their places having been taken by
brothers and sisters of his order who were
in perfect health. The charity continued
to be thus diverted from its purpose until
1354, when the municipal authorities of the
City laid the matter beforo the king, and
their right of presentation of fourteen lopers
(and more in proportion to future benefac-
tions to the hospital by citizens of London)
was confirmed. It is noteworthy, too, that
the wardens and surveyors of lepers of
St. Giles's and elsewhere were often dis-
charged from municipal duties, on account
of their own " unpleasant and onerous occu-
pation."
Mr. Grey takes his readers for seven walks
through the parishes of St. Giles's-in-the-
Fields and St. George's, Bloomsbury, the
two parishes covering an area, we believe,
of nearly 250 acres, and rivalling, if not sur-
passing, any other parishes of equal area in
interesting associations. With the ins and
outs of this extensive district Mr. Grey him-
self was intimately acquainted, having, as
already mentioned, spent the best years of
his life there, engaged in public or philan-
thropic work of one kind or another, some
particulars of which he gives in the con-
cluding chapters of his book. The com-
pilation of notes from the best sources was
evidently to him a labour of love, and it is a
sore grief to his friends that he did not live
to see his book through the press. Had Ins
life been spared, the few errors we have come
across would doubtless have been corrected,
and his work, as a book of reference, rendered
more valuable by the addition of an index.
Memorials of Old Hertfordshire. Edited
by P. C. Standing. (Bemrose & Sons.) —
This book is one of a series of volumes issued
during recent years, wherein brief descrip-
tions of particular features of a county are
written by a variety of authors, without
any kind of string to tie them together.
One of the first of these volumes — that on
Northamptonshire, edited by Miss Dryden
— had certain distinct merits ; but others
have been hardly praiseworthy. The illus-
trations, based on photographs, have been
good throughout, and the publishers have
tinned out the series in a very credit-
able fashion. Notably is this the case with
the present volume, which contains upwards
of a dozen superior illustrations. The
pictures are certainly worth much more than
the prose. There are only a few men who
can write brief essays on ancient themes in
such a pleasant, clear fashion as to make
them popular, and the editor of this Hert-
fordshire book has not had the good fortune
to come across any of these rarities. We
doubt, indeed, if a really good writer would
consent to put in print such short articles
on important subjects as appear between
these covers. Here 172 pages represent
20 separate articles. We cannot find the
least satisfaction in reading or possessing
five pages about 'The Franciscan and Bene-
dictine Monasteries of Ware,' particularly
when the gentleman who describes them
knows so little of conventual arrangement
that of a particular apartment he writes :
" This may have been either the dormitory,
refectory, or common room." Concerning
both these houses there is a good deal of in-
teresting unprinted material to be gleaned by
any one who thought it worth whilo to make
some slight research. The four pages on
' St. Alban, Briton and Protomartyr,' like
the nine pages on ' The Church of St. Alban,'
aro too ephemeral to be worth printing in
anything more permanent than a parish
magazine. Knowing Hertfordslure well, and
reading tlirough this book in the hopes of
finding something fresh, or at all events
brightly written, we could discover only one
paper out of twenty of any real value, and
that is the one by Mr. Ditchfield on Moor
Park, the home of Lord Ebury.
Wo had noted tliree or four slips or errors
for correction, but it seems scarcely worth
whilo to set them forth. There must, we
suppose, be a genuine demand for volumes
such as these, or they would not bo issued ;
they remind us of the old " keepsake "
style of books of the later Georgian or early
Victorian period, which collectors value
478
THE ATHEN^UM
Nn 409.1, April 21, 1906
chiefly for the good steel engravings which
they contain.
Could not the editor of future volumes in
this scries be persuaded to look for at least
one or two writers who have something
original to say r There is not a county in
England that has not an abundance of im-
printed material ready to reward the patient
searcher after historic truth or quaint topo-
graphical details.
The History of Suffolk : its Records and
MSS. By W. A. Copinger, LL.D. Vol. V.
(Sotheran & Co.) — In the course of the last
two years we have called attention to the
previous four volumes of this great under-
taking in terms of warm commendation.
With this fifth volume of about 500 pages
Dr. Copinger has completed his task, and
now Suffolk possesses an almost exhaustive
index to the records and MSS. and general
literature pertaining to every place and
family throughout the whole county. The
work is a monument of patient industry,
and cannot fail to prove a great boon to
every one interested in topography or
genealogy. It is all the more valuable as
Suffolk up to the present is destitute of any-
thing that can be called a county history.
The two big volumes by Mr. Suckling were
excellent of their kind, but covered only a
.small portion of Suffolk. We have tested
this work severely. It is exceedingly diffi-
cult to find an omission, but one such instance
may be mentioned among references to
Westhall and the fine remnants of the painted
rood-screen, namely, Brit. Arch. Assoc.
Journal, xxviii. 192-4 ; the omission is the
more curious as the reference to another
volume of that series duly appears. To
illustrate the general completeness of Dr.
Copinger's index, it may be added that the
bibliography of Suffolk writers is not
neglected : in the last volume, under
Strickland, is a list not only of the works of
Agnes Strickland, and of her less-known
sister Jane Margaret Strickland, but also of
her comparatively unknown earlier relatives
Kate and Susannah, both of whom were
also connected with Reydon Hall, South-
wold.
Waverley Abbey. By Harold Brakspear,
F.S.A. (Surrey Archaeological Society.) —
This book of 100 and odd pages, with
numerous admirable illustrations and plans,
is issued as the volume of the Surrey Archaeo-
logical Society for 1904. In the last few
years several excellent monographs have
been issued on Cistercian and other abbeys,
notably by Mr. St. John Hope, wherein
their conventual arrangements and archi-
tectural remains have been thoroughly dis-
cussed ; and this treatise is well worthy of
being classed with the very best of such
works. Several small books have, with
more or less accuracy, dealt with the history
of this early Cistercian establishment,
basing most of their information on the
' Annales Monasterii de Waverleia ' of the
Cotton MSS., which was printed at length
in the Rolls Series of Chronicles in 1865 ;
but this is the first time that the actual
abbey buildings, which throw much light
upon the Cistercian system, have been
described. The work of systematic excava-
tion, in the beautiful grounds of Mr. Rupert
Anderson, was begun in 1898, and has
since been under the charge of Mr. Brak-
spear. The great church, the cloisters, the
infirmary, and the guest-house have all
been examined, and their characteristics
and details carefully portrayed. The site
of the abbey, in the valley of the Wey, was,
from its earliest days, subject to severe
floods. One of these, which occurred in
1233, is graphically described in the ' Annals.'
s Tliis was followed by even a greater flood
in 1265, which forced itself to such a depth
into the customary buildings that the
members of the convent had to pass the
night, some in the church, some in the
treasury, and others in the guest-house.
The whole valley has been gradually silting
up with flood-carried gravel ever since the
abbey was first built. By the end of the
twelfth century the monks found it necessary
to raise the floor levels of their buildings
about two feet ; and in the fifteenth century
the floors had again to be raised a like
amount. The original level is now about
six feet below the turf, and the later levels
before the Dissolution from eighteen inches
to two feet.
Among the more interesting details foimd
during the excavations, apart from innu-
merable architectural fragments, and founda-
tions with several feet of walling, were a
four-wick cresset stone, numerous early
tiles, brown and green glazed pottery ware,
and an ornamental copper boss from a
book back. This last-named relic, of which
a coloured plate is given, is of twelfth-
century date, and a good example of early
enamelling. The subject is a half-length
figure of our Saviour with a cruciform nimbus,
the right hand raised in benediction and the
left holding a book. The background of
the nimbus is of red enamel, and the rest
of the background of green enamel. The
whole is surrounded by two narrow lines of
gold with a band of white enamel between
them. The boss was fixed to the book by
four rivets. In all probability a boss of this
value was originally affixed to the centre
of a Textus of the Gospels, which was often
the chief ornament of early altars.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
It is always interesting to note the impres-
sion which India makes upon those who go
there to write, without previous Indian
experience. As a rule, they see India at
her best ; but Mr. G. F. Abbott, in his
Through India with the Prince — the first of
many such books, no doubt — gives us much
serious and creditable work, not marked
by cold-weather complacency. The style is,
as the French say, " tortured," or, in other
words, there is some straining after effect.
We are, nevertheless, able to commend Mr.
Abbott's volume ; and his photographs are
among the best of the many good Indian
photographs we have seen. In his " descrip-
tions " our author is behind many rivals :
the experienced reviewer of Indian volumes
knows the Golden Tank Temple and the
sights of Agra not only as he has seen them,
but also as they have been seen by others,
and the writer of these lines is unable to
convey to the public with politeness what
he thinks of Mr. Abbott from this limited
point of view. But his political observation,
though unpleasant, is, we fear, sound. He
describes the Government of India as
" failing to earn the love of the people on whose
behalf it works. Why ? I suppose for the same
reason for which the Briton fails to earn the love of
an}- one the world over. It is a cumbrous kind of
machine, almost Turkishly stupid and slow and
self-complacent. Yet, in the main, an honest
old machine."
Here is another passage in which there is a
great deal more truth than would be ad-
mitted by officials : —
" If the influence of Europe over India is to yield
anything more useful than a frantic reaction, it
must go beyond the school. It must be extended
over the broadest area of Indian life, and made to
permeate, through the surface, into the deep
recesses of Indian nature. This, however, though
I hold it to be possible, cannot come to pass so long
ii- our v ives and our daughters disdain tho society
cf Indian women, and so long as we refuse to breathe
— in our clubs, railway-carriages, and houses — the
Ante air m Indian men. Hut, before we give up
our own aloofness, the Indians must also give up
their customs of chewing betel, of nursing their
toes, and of expectorating in our presence. Mean-
while, the abhorrence is mutual. If the European
scorns the native, the native — the genuine, self-
respeoting Hindu— repays the debt with interest."
He goes on to say that the
"barrier is daily growing higher, owing to the
Anglo-Indian Governments self-contradictory per-
sistence in looking upon the Indian as a curiosity
belonging to another species, while, at the same
time, it endeavours to train him according to the
rules of ours. The Anglo-Indian cannot understand
that it is hardly possible to educate the Indian on
Western ideas, and jet to treat him as if he were
a primitive Oriental. "This attitude is, perhaps, due
to mere stupidity. Another cause of alienation is
the insolence of some Indian Civil Servants. I have
seen young men springing from the London suburbs
treating in public aged native noblemen in a manner
which a gentleman would not have adopted towards
his valet. In any other country these things would
have begotten sedition long ago. In India they
beget a bitterness which is none the less ominous-
because it is rarely expressed in action."
On the other hand, the sweet smile3 and the
handshakos with which the Queen greeted
hero, during the festivities of the Corona-
tion, several of the Indian princes may have
gone too far in the opposite direction. The
perfect relation is that of a courteous Indian
officer of the old school towards native
officers. But few officers agree with Mr*
Abbott's conclusion, which is that of most
Britons : —
" The only condition of success — the condition on
the observance of which depends the very per-
manence of the British Empire in India — is sincere
co-operation between the Englishman and the
native, and as the native becomes more and more
educated he is entitled to a greater and yet greater
share in the government of his own country."
We are amused to learn that the Maharaja
Sindhia of Gwalior is '; now importing from
Mombasa lions, which he means to turn
loose upon his dominions," so as to improve
sport.
Mr. Abbott does not often fall into the
common fault of using in his descriptions,
as though special to the country he pictures,
things which are to be seen or heard in-
great and varied portions of the globe.
" The cricket's chirp. . . .melancholy. . . .like
all the songs of the East," is, however, much
the same in a New York July or a Mel-
bourne January as in " the melancholy
East." The pictures of " the Buddhist
Hell " described at Mandalay are precisely
like those which are still to be found in
Japan, and which are everywhere in the
Chinese empire, from Mukden to the Indian
frontier. Mr. Edward Arnold is Mr.
Abbott's publisher.
The Librairie Armand Colin publishes-
Marine francaise et Marines etrangeres :
Politique navale des grandes Puissances, les
Organisations viaritimes, et les Flottes actu-
elles, by Capt. Abeille. We have given the
second as well as the first title of this volume
(which appears to represent the opinions of
some of the teachers in the French Superior
School of War) because the first might
prove misleading to our readors. The words
employed in it are such as are often used to
head statistics of little value. The work
before us is of a very different kind, and,
although we find serious defects in it, as in
all French naval inquiries, there are large
parts of the book which are of great value,
though not brought up to date.
It is impossible to read the reports of the
leading French politicians who, after pro-
longed inquiry and study, write each year
N°4095, April 21, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
479
two great official essays on the naval budget,
■without discovering that the French navy
is the most conservative service in the world,
and that France is still in naval politics
much where we were before the revival
which began in this country in the seventies,
and conquered the press in the nineties, and
Governments in the last three years. It is
true that Sir John Colomb only revived the
sound Bi'itish doctrine of the past, wliile
Mr. Spenser Wilkinson applied to naval
strategy the eternal principles illustrated by
Clausewitz ; but the successive steps by
which, through the efforts of Mr. Thursfield
and Sir George Sydenham Clarke, The
Times was brought to take the sound view
previously forgotten, led to the improvement
of the Defence Committee of the Cabinet.
After going wrong in the old blind fashion
for some years, the Defence Committee
finally adopted modern views, in which
some think it has recently shown rashness.
In the mam, however, the former grop-
ing after varying principles, which led to
lavish expenditure and waste, has been put
an end to in this country, though unfor-
tunately not in India, where Lord Kitchener
pursues aims inconsistent with those adopted
at home under Mr. Balfour. France has
done us the honour in the last month to
imitate our Defence Committee, and in the
course of time the French navy may be
converted and become modern, like its
rivals — of whom Germany started with this
advantage, while we have painfully acquired
it. In the meantime Capt. Abeille preaches
the exact opposite of the strategic or politico-
naval doctrine which we praised a few months
ago in the volume entitled ' Quittons la
Mediterranee.' Capt. Abeille wishes to con-
centrate the French fleets at Toulon, while
the sounder opinion points to concentration
at Brest. Our author's reason is that the
defence of the communications with Algeria
is "a vital necessity." As, however, we
pointed out in reviewing the book of " Capt.
■Sorb " (Athenceum, August 26th, 1905), the
latter proves that the British Mediterranean
squadron could at all times have cut the
communications to the maintenance of which
the whole French fleet would have been
sacrificed. If this would have been the case
when the United Kingdom stood alone, how
much more if our author is right in tliinking
that Italy would join us against France ?
Capt. Abeille proposes that in the only war
which he treats as worth considering in
detail, namely, war against ourselves, the
French fleet should operate against our
trade and shipping. It is clear, however,
that he has not read the report or evidence
lately published by the Royal Commission
in which the supply of food and raw material
in time of war is dealt with. The report
was reassuring, and was based upon a far
more careful consideration of the subject
than Capt. Abeille seems to have given to it.
Like other French writers who have discussed
the matter, he deals lightly with the obliga-
tions supposed to be forced on belligerents
by " international law." He states that the
French instructions contemplate the de-
struction of prizos, but he has not thought
the matter out. He maintains the principle
of " Free ships, free goods," and that of its
exact converse. Now the sinking of prizes
objected to by us witli regard to the action
of Russia was that of neutral ships affected
by undue extension of the principle of
contraband. This Capt. Abeille does not,
in fact, discuss ; neither does he deal with
neutral waters, which have so close a bear-
ing upon the position of our trade in time
of war. It is shown by the Royal Commis-
sion that the Mediterranean, contrary to the
hitherto received view, could be used by us
for transit in time of war with France. No
serious attempt has been made on the side
of the commerce-destroying school to upset
the emphatic evidence upon which this view
was based by the Commission.
Capt. Abeille has some happy incidental
phrases about ourselves : "A blind con-
fidence in the value of the empiric method
is the most unfortunate fault of our neigh-
bours." On naval education he recommends
the British view which has prevailed,
although apparently he bases his opinion
on American documents, without having
become aware of the exact nature of the
" Osborne " scheme. Capt. Abeille is inter-
esting on coast defence, and uses the familiar
arguments in favour of the French system
of giving to sailors the command of the
batteries defending the approach to the
ports and stations of the fleet. He considers
the avoidance of costly blunders " difficult
for a sailor, and impossible for a military
officer." The matter has importance for
us, even in the opinion of those who accept
the Blue-Water view. In the event, for
instance, of strained relations with Germany
the vulnerable point of the Forth Bridge
would find its new batteries of the finest
modern guns maimed by militia, and com-
manded by garrison artillery officers. There
is no sailor who can feel easy in his mind
about the ability of the defenders to dis-
tinguish between the German destroyers
and our own, making use of private war
signals and war devices.
The best thing in the book — and it forms
nearly half its contents — is the careful com-
parison of the system of administration of
the fleets of France, Great Britain, Italy,
and Germany. But our author's know-
ledge strikes us as being better with regard
to Italy than with regard to the more im-
portant German system. The worst point
in the volume is an extraordinary blunder
for a writer of Capt. Abeille's training, by
which he repeats — apparently in the name
of the French official world, which must
know better — a mistake into which many
have fallen in this country. Capt. Abeille com-
plains that in recent arrangements between
France and England steps were not taken
to " put an end to the out-of-date article
of the Treaty of Paris forbidding us to
fortify Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, now the
terminal station of our American cables."
It is unfortunately the case that a single
sentence will sometimes destroy the credit
of a writer. Capt. Abeille seems not to have
thought out the value which the fortification
of these islands might possibly possess in the
event of any of the wars which he discusses
or to which he alludes in passing. The
reasons which have led us — by a decision
which, curiously enough, he approves — to
give up fortresses, such as St. Lucia,
upon which, until the moment when the
decision was taken, we had been spending
great sums of money, are infinitely stronger
when applied to the abandonment as fortified
stations of the islands off Newfoundland.
It is understood, moreover, that the French
Government has decided to withdraw the
garrisons which protect the costly French
fortifications of the island of Martinique.
How the French-American cable could be
protected and used, whether the North
American islands were fortified or not,
Capt. Abeille has not considered ; but he
may rest assured that if ho persuades his
Government to spend money, urgently
required for other places, on the fortification
of Saint - Pierre and Miquelon, there is no
international engagement which can be
invoked to prevent the expenditure. The
French are held by some to be bound in
honour to avoid using the islands as a strong-
hold on account of the spirit of the French
" King's Declaration." Tins view cannot
be taken by our Government, which denied
a more natural interpretation of our own
"King's Declaration." The islands, after
the date of the treaty invoked by Capt.
Abeille, were again taken by us, and again
ceded. In the Treaty of 1783 the words of
the Treaty of 1763 were not repeated, and
this nakedness of cession was one of the
grounds on which Lord Shelburne's Ministry
was censured by the House of Commons.
It is necessary to add, for the information
of Frenchmen, that the consent of Parlia-
ment is not required to treaties, as it is in
other countries, and that the censure did
not upset, or indeed affect, the cession.
Messrs. Hodder & Stoughton publish
Studies in American Trade Unionism, edited
by Dr. Hollander and Dr. Barnett, both of
the Johns Hopkins University. With the
exception of the introduction by Dr. Hol-
lander and a final chapter by Mr. W. Knight
on ' The Knights of Labour and the American
Federation of Labour,' the volume consists
of detached essays on various unions, such
as the Typographical Union, the Cigar
Makers' Union, and the Railway Unions.
There is one chapter on 'Employers' Asso-
ciations.' The book contains a good many
incidental remarks upon the struggle for
the adoption of trade-union labels, a policy
which has been pushed much further in the
United States than in this country, where
the unions are far stronger and more healthy
than has hitherto been the case in America.
F. Anstey has collected several stories
and sketches under the title of the first,
Salted Almonds (Smith & Elder), which
intimates, he points out, that he is providing
trifles " to beguile the intervals between
the courses of a substantial banquet," which
should be taken two or three at a time. All
the pieces have that rare savour which is the
author's secret, and they are varied, as he
includes the pure fantasy of impossible
things, the story of extravagant and mirth-
compelling situations which he does so well,
and the study of manners, generally of the
lower orders, who are neatly shown off
against those who conceive themselves their
betters. We notice a fantastic account of
the reason ' Why I have given up writing
Novels,' but we hope yet for more good
work in that way from F. Anstey, in spite
of the poor reception given to ' The Pariah.
We are always delighted to have these
shorter things from him, but we think our
author has a keen eye for character as well
as an extraordinary gift for ingenious para-
phrase. Excellent fun can be made out of
the latter aptitude, but the former suggests
serious and sustained work. F. Anstey
should give an ungrateful public another
chance. *
The Dictionary of Indian Biography, by
C. E. Buckland, C.I.E. (Sonnenschein & Co.),
supplies a want often felt by those in any
way connected with India, and they ot
themselves form a large public. It does not
pretend to give biographies on the scale ot
the ' Dictionary of National Biography, but
endeavours to supply " such information ax
is sufficient for the ordinary reader, regarding
the careers and doings of the large number
of persona connected with India, m history.
by their exploits, services, and writings.
Taking into consideration the extreme
difficulty of selection (for the living as well
as the dead are included), we think the object
is reasonably attained. As the editor just I v
remarks, his decisions as to omissions and
-JS(»
THE ATHKN;KUM
N" 109>. April 21. 1966
inclusion! of namea arc certain to I"' ohai
Lenged ; I'ut he hope*, with the assistance "t
persons interest od, t" bs able In future
editions to reined) defect*. Thai i> a wise
position to take in a matter involving much
delicacy of treatment! and m wish him
anooeas. The volume to oommendablj
aCOUratO, will printed and turned out.
Morocco of To-day, By Eugene Aubin.
(Dent oV Co.) 'This is a book WB arc glad
to ase toaued in English form, it nraa pub-
liahed in Paria in L904, and reviewed in these
nolnmna on August t>th of thai year. Whether
tho present translation to the work of the
author or not is not stated, but as the spoiling
of Morocco place-names and of Moorish
words is French throughout, we may assume
that the translator is not English. The
work has been done intelligently and well,
and in its new guiso tho book should find
many readers in England. Its title-page
announces that it lias boon crowned by the
French Academy, an honour which was also
paid to the author's ' Los Anglais aux Tndes
et en Egypte.' We are pleased to note that
tho crying need of an index, which we pointed
out in reviewing tho original, has been
supplied in this English issue ; but the
maps hero are not nearly so well reproduced
as wrere those of the French issue, and that
of the environs of Fez is missing altogether.
On the other hand, tho English edition is
bound solidly in cloth, and so is better suited
for the library than the paper - covered
French issue, while little has been lost in the
translation.
As for the nature and scope of M. Aubin's
work, we dealt with that in 1904. His
descriptions are vivid ; the information he
supplies is lucidly set forth, and upon the
whole remarkably trustworthy. The number
of equally informative English books about
Morocco is extremely small. Of the political
situation in Morocco during his journeying
there M. Aubin takes an essentially French
view. It is a tolerably sound one, too, but,
as was natural, the author was not able
during his visit to get to the bottom of the
confused ramifications of Al Moghreb's
internal economy. This by no means
detracts, however, from the solid value of
his descriptions of the people and the places
he saw, during a long inland journey, from
Mogador and Marrakish up to the north
coast, by way of Fez and sacred Wazzan.
At the present juncture, when the Conference
at Algeciras is fresh in our minds, this book
should commend itself for general reading
in England.
Messrs. Nelson, who were, we think,
the pioneers of the cheap pocket edition on
thin paper, send us in that form Monte
Cristo, 2 vols., and The Breakfast Table
Series of Holmes. This " New Century
Library " is now an old-established favourite,
and certainly is remarkably handy.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENOLIS H.
Theology.
Craig (W. Y.), An Essay on Man and Civilization, 5/ net.
Curtis (O. A.), T)u> Christian Faith, 10/B net.
Forrest (I). W.), The Authority of Christ, 0/
Lightfoot (Bishop), Analysis of CerUiin of St. Paul's
Epistles. 1/ net.
Lindsay (T. 51.), A History of the Uefoiruation : Vol. I. The
Reformation in (ierniany, 10/6
Literary Illustrations of the Bible : The Books of Judges
and Ruth, 1/0 net.
Pike(d. H.), Wesley and his Preachers, 3/0
Bidding (Bishop (J.), Th,. church and Commonwealth,
10/0 net.
What do Unitarians Believe and Teach? Twelve Replies.
2/ net.
Lav.
Cutler (K.), A Manual of Musical Copyright Law, 3/6 net.
Fail-child (F. 11.), The Factory Legislation of the State of
New York, 3,V
pine Art nml A
it n Journal al \" bssologr, VoL I Ho L, <
Armstrong (sli \\ >. lliouum Cain*!* i . lion,
Culthrop fOi i i una \..| I. Eattj hn^li ■
1 I ■
fur Further Strand Improvement, edited by M. M.
JadfKt
Highlands and Inland*, of Scotland, painted b> W, smith,
jun., described h) A. K. liope Moncrieff, SO net
Thomson (AAA Handbook of Anatomy for Art Students,
Third Edition, 18/ net
Triggs ill. I .). i in- ah ol Garden Design in Italy, 73 >; net
Waters (A. w. i, v i. ,. (pectins: the Kighteenth-Century
Token Coinage of Middlesex, L0/6net i
Wilde i. Whistl, i
Poetry and Drama.
Ci.iiimei '-Byng (L), An English Rose, l Snot,
Decharme (I'.). Euripides and the spirit of his Dramas,
translated bj J. Loch, IS 6 net
i Qnrdon(J.), Dramatic Lyrics, 8/6 net
Ke.uuM.M. .1), Under the Lone Star of ChOe, Rall.nl-.
Madonna of the Poets (The), i 8 net
Sigerson (l>.). The Story ana Song of Bl.uk Roderick, 8/6
Williams (II. N.), iittet (Queens of the French B
10 V net
ifusic.
Our Children's Song-Book : English Words by A. P. Graves,
Music by P. Volhach, Books I. and II., 1/ net each.
Blbliogrophu.
Griffin (A. P. C), Lihniry of Congress) I List of Works on
the Tariffs of Foreign Countries.
Library (Hie), April, 3/ net.
Philosophy.
International Journal of Ethics, Vol. XVL, No. III. 2,6
Political Economy.
Gonner(E. C. K.). Interest and Saving, 3/0 net.
Studies in American Trade I'nionism, edited by J. II.
Hollander and G. E. Harnett, 12/ net
History and Biography.
Breasted (J. II.), Ancient Records of Egypt, Historical
Documents, Vol. II. , £0 net.
Cambridge Modern History : Vol. IX. Napoleon, 10/ net.
Centre (C), .Tohn Thelwall, 2/0
Climenson (E. J.), Elisabeth Montagu, the Queen of the
Blue Stockings, 2 vols., 86/ net.
Grew (E. S.), War in the Far East, Vol. V., 7/0 net.
Landon (P.), Lhasa, Revised Edition, 10/6 net.
Lolice (F.), A Short History of Comparative Literature,
0/ net.
Sabatier(P.), Disestablishment in France, translated bv R.
Dell, 3/0 net.
Scottish Historical Review, April, 2/0 net.
Southampton Court Leet Records, Vol. I. Part II., 1578-
1002, edited by F. J. C. and D. BE. Hearnshaw.
Geography and Travel.
Bliss (F. J.), The Development of Palestine Exploration,
0/ net.
Cornish (C. J.), The New Forest, New Edition, 2/ net.
Cruickshank (J. W. and A. M.), Florence, New Edition,
3/0 net.
Duncan (J. E.), A Summer Ride through Western Tibet,
14/ net.
Gibson (('.), Among French Inns, 0/ net.
Moncrieff (A. R. II.), The World of To-day, Vol. V., 8/
Morris (J. E.), The East Riding of Yorkshire, 2/6 net.
' Queen ' Newspaper Book of Travel, 1900, 2/0
Sandberg (G.), Tibet and the Tibetans, 5/
TvIer(A. H.), The Commission of H.M.S. Lancaster, 1904,
4/ net.
Sports and Pastimes.
Motor Year-Book and Automobilist's Annual, 1906, edited
by H. Massac Buist, 7/0 net.
Roscoe (E. 8.1 Rambles with a Fishing Rod, Revised
Edition, 5/
Shootings of Scotland, 3/0 net
Philology.
WeinU (H. J.), Hossfeld's Japanese Reader, 3/ net.
School Books.
Eggar(W. D.), A Manual of Geometry, 3/6
.lonson (Ben), London, Historical and Descriptive, 1/0
Pierce the Ploughman's Crede, edited by Rev. W. W.
Skeat, 2/
Science.
Bigg (II.), An Essay on the General Principles of the Treat-
ment of Spinal Curvature, 5/ net.
Booth (W. H.), Water Softening and Treatment, 7/0 net.
Boyce (R.), Report of the Government of British Honduras
* upon the Outbreak of Yellow Fever in 1905, 3/0 net.
Buchanan (G. B.), Handbook of Surgery, 9/ net.
Copperthwaite (W. C), Tunnel shields and the use of
Compressed Air in Subaqueous Works, 31/6 net.
Curtis (A. C), The Small Garden Beautiful, 7/6
Freeman (A. C.), Crematoria in Great Britain and Abroad,
Gx. net.
Geological Survey of India, Records, Vol. XXXIII.
Bart 2, lr.
Halsham (.1.), Every Man's Book of Garden Flowers, 0/ net.
Hewlett (R. T.), Pathology, General and Special, 10/6 net.
Lemmoin-Cannon (H.), Modern Sewage Disposal, 1 net,
l'.wy (P. W.), Carbohydrate Metabolism, <>/ net.
Poehl (A. von), Rational Organotherapy, Vol. I., 7/6 net
Badclitfe Catalogue of 1772 Stars for the Epoch 1900, under
the direction of A. A. Bambant
Spon's Architects' and Builders' Price-Book, 1906, 3/6
St&nffer (D. McN.), Modem Tunnel Practice, 21/ net
Swift (M. I.), Marriage and Bacfl Death, 4/6
Jurc-nile Books.
Triana (S. P.), Tales to Sonny, 1/ net.
General Literature.
Annual Charities Register and Digest, 1900, g net.
Century Magazine, Vol. LXXL, loo
Dalbiac (L), Dictionary of (^notations : German, 7/6
Doagall (L.), The Spanish Dowry, 6/
Emerson (R. w.), Essays, r> vols., (/Beach.
Everett-Green (K.), The Magic Lsland, 6/
r • I II
I
nl ..f th- Grange •-'
Hill ill i he A»< ngi r
Hi. k 1 1. I i
Holland (R. H i ■ t Harvard, (
Humans lt«» bra , tpi il. l
I.. III. mi I I \i.l.|. < i LtioQS, 1 '.II.Ii .• i
ami ( n-iii i.il. j I
Little Flowers of Chililhood, 8 8 m '
Lyall 'I) i,'l he Wgn of the Golden Flee
M< CarUi) J. II.), The Flower of I
M I II (IL)and Calthrop 'D. C : Roof
Mam I *t>ril, 64 net,
Nelson's Ken Centnry Llbiar] << v\ II
Tal.l net.
Nitratt
liriii-li < llizenship, .'
i iW.), London and Londoners, S I
Railway Ktntistic*. 1886 1906, 1/
Bead «>.), old Lim Jocklln
Reid (i-.j, Th.- Garden God. I
Royal TJnirersity of Irel Papen l»0.'i.
Rnskin (J.X Fors < lavigera, VoL UL.l net
st. Nicholas, Vol. XXXIII. Part I
Salt (H. S.), Richard J.tferles: his Life and bU Ideals,
M. net : The Logic of Vegetarianism, 1 6 net.
Sheldon-Williams (M.), I be Power of I I
I went iii h Cent on Quarterly, No. L, t/t net.
Van Dyke (H.), Fisherman s Link, and some otbi-r Cn-
certain Things, 6/
Ward (A. B.), The Ssige Brash Ramon, 6/
Whitehead (M.), Caleb Troon, 8/
Wilde (().), Phrases and Philosophies for the V»e of the
Voung, 2/
Wister (().), Lidy Baltimore, 6/
FOR E I G N.
Theology.
Jastrow (M., inn. I, Die Religion Ribvloniensnnd Assyrien»r
Part IX., lm. 50.
Fine Art and Archaeology.
Jahrhuch der Kohiglich Prensaischen Kun-tsammlungen,
Vol. XXVI. Part III.
Ludowit i (W.), Stempel-Bilder rdmtscher Tttpfer aiL* meine»
Ausgrabungen in Rheinz-ibern, bum.
Phil'isnptul.
Schneider (A. X Die Psychologie Albeits des Grossen, 9m.
History and Biography.
Bonn (51. J.), Die englische Kolonisation in Irland, 1
18m.
Hartung (F.), Hardenberg u. die preussis* he Verwultung
in Ansbach-Bayreuth von 1792 bis lyxi, 6m.
Monttdius (().), Kulturgescbichte Schwedens von den
altesten /eiten bis zum 11 Jahrh. nach Christus, Wn.
Philology.
Merguet (II.). Handlexicon zu Cicero, 24m.
Niedermann (51.), Precis de Phonetique histonque du Latin,
2fr. 50. . .. .
Schreiber (W.), Praktische Granimatik der altgnechis<hen
Sprache, zweite Auflage, 2m.
*** All Books received at the Office up to Wednesday
Morning trill be included in this List unleu preriouttt,
■noted. Publishers are requested to state vriees when
sending Books.
DR. RICHARD GARXETT.
By the deatli of Dr. Richard Garnott on
Friday last week, at the age of seventy-one,
we lose one of the most accomplished literary
figures of our time^ — a man who spent all
his life among books, and had an unequalled
knowledge of their contents. Richard CJar-
nett, born at Lichfield in 1835. was the eldest
son of a clergyman who was Assistant
Keeper of Printed Books in the British
Museum, and entered the pamo service at
tho ago of sixteen. In 1875 he became
Superintendent of the Reading - Room,
being concerned with tho preparation of
the Catalogue from 1881 to 1890. From
1890 till 1899 he was Keeper of Printed
Books, and retired in the latter year. He
was made C.B. in 1895. His knowledge
of the extraordinary collection under his
care was wonderful, and his kJndness in
assisting research exemplary. Many a
student owes to his memory and reading
references on nbstrtise stibjeets and authors
which only an HM vi lopaxlic mind could
carry. Such learning is rare at any time,
rmd especially in the present age, in which
tho hurry of competition and premature
specialization havo almost eliminated the
all-round scholar. Dr. Garnett was an
occasional contributor for many years to
our own columns, and a good specimen of
his out-of-the-way erudition is provided by
his note two years ago on the invention of
gunpowder, and another in 1902 on the
N° 4095, April 21, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
481
« Astrology of Chaucer.' He had considerable
knowledge of, and b.elief in that science,
and calculated his own horoscope. His
knowledge and enthusiasm were at the
service of all who approached him ; and
he was singularly tolerant of those odd
or wayward characters which are an
occasional feature of the Reading-Room.
He had a keen eye for bibliographical
treasures, and his discovery of some letters
by Shelley will be remembered. His
paper on the early history of ' Vathek '
in 'Essays of an Ex - Librarian ' (1901)
is a good specimen of his bibliographical
acuteness. Beginning with a volume of
poetry in 1858, he wrote a great many
books— too much, perhaps, for his repu-
tation, since several of his contributions
to various series, reprints, &c, represented
general competence rather than the special
aptitude or research which ought to
justify such performances. His scholarship
in Italian was uncommon, and led to a
capital 'History of Italian Literature'
(1898). He edited 'Relics of Shelley' in
1862, a publication which was of im-
portance as having the sanction of Sir Percy
Shelley, but was biassed by the evident
desire to put the best construction on the
vagaries of the poet. His clear, easy style
and wonderful range were well exhibited in
the comprehensive ' English Literature : an
Illustrated Record,' in four volumes, which
he produced in conjunction with Mr. Gosse
(1903-4). He had a kindly humour and
gifts of fantasy which ought to have made
a success of his charming collection of
stories 'The Twilight of the Gods' (1888).
It failed, however, to secure due recog-
nition, and was the most desired of " re-
mainders " among the cognoscenti until a
new edition of it was issued in 1903. His
taste was generally equal to his know-
ledge, and we remember our surprise on
reading that he thought a passage in Tenny-
son's ballad of 'Edward Gray ' the most
touching thing the poet had achieved. As
a critic he was admirably catholic and
judicious as a rule, though he lacked, perhaps,
the Promethean touch which makes criticism
creative. He ranks high as a translator
of foreign languages, especially of the
'Greek Anthology.' The several volumes
of his original poetry include much that is
both felicitous and finished, and in the
sonnet form he showed a richly stored mind
to advantage.
Dr. Garnett married a daughter of West-
land Marston, and her loss three years ago
obviously affected his health and spirits.
His genial, rugged face was familiar in
literary circles, and was admirably rendered
in a portrait by the Hon. John Collier
painted in 1899. A host of friends regret
one who was widely beloved for the sweet
simplicity of his nature.
THE MISPLACED LEAF OF 'PIERS
THE PLOWMAN.'
Qarandm Prom, Oxfoad.
The January number of Modern Philology
contains an article by Prof. J. M. Manly,
entitled ' The Lost Leaf of " Piers the Plow-
man," ' in which the author endeavours to
account for certain strango incoherences in
the fifth Passus of the A-text of the poem.
He has, I think, shown beyond doubt that
they cannot have proceeded from the poet
himself, but must have been due to accidents
that happened to an archetypal MS. By
this discovery, which has a very important
bearing on the criticism of the later recen- |
sions of the poem, Prof. Manly has estab-
lished a claim to the gratitude of scholars,
although, as I propose to show, the par-
ticular hypothesis by which he has attempted
to account for the phenomena is not the
correct one.
The Passus describes how, moved by the
eloquent preaching of Conscience, the per-
sonifications of the seven deadly sins came
forward in succession to confess their guilt
and promise amendment. The story is
admirably told on the whole, but has two
surprising faults. In the first place, the
confession of Wrath, which ought to come
in between those of Envy and Covetousness,
is, in all the MSS. of the A-text, omitted
altogether. In the second place, the con-
fession of Sloth, who comes last of the seven,
is made to end with six lines in which he
irrelevantly promises restitution of ill-gotten
gains, and is followed by eighteen lines in
which " Robert the robber " bewails his
crimes, and vows henceforth to lead an honest
life. The Passus consists of only 263 lines ; and
if we are to suppose that in this short space
the poet managed to perpetrate these two
extraordinary blunders, we must ascribe to
him a degree either of thoughtlessness or of
stupidity not easily conceivable.
The supposition by which Prof. Manly
tries to relieve the poet from this charge is
that a MS. from which all the existing MSS.
descend had lost two leaves — one between
lines 106 and 107, containing the confession
of Wrath, and the other between lines 235
and 236, containing the conclusion of the
confession of Sloth, and some matter leading
up to the confession of Robert the robber.
As the interval between the two supposed
lacunae would occupy four pages containing
about 31 lines each (which would be a likely
size in a MS. of the period), Prof. Manly
concludes that the two lost leaves formed
the innermost fold but one in a quire or
gathering.
This hypothesis is undeniably ingenious ;
but unfortunately it does not fully answer
its purpose of vindicating the poet from
the charge of bad workmanship. It does,
no doubt, enable us to escape the incredible
conclusion that he forgot to mention one of
the seven deadly sins, and represented Sloth
as promising restitution of fraudulent gains.
But it leaves us still under the necessity of
supposing that, after relating in succession
the confessions of the personifications of the
seven sins, he introduced at the end a
new penitent, whose offences, according to
mediaeval classification, belong to one of the
branches of covetousness. It can, I think,
be shown that the poet was not guilty of this
blunder of construction.
Prof. Manly has failed to perceive that
the proper place of lines 236-59 is after
line 145, at the end of the confession of
Covetousness. In this position they not
only fit perfectly, but actually improve
the sense. But how are we to account
for their transposition ? In my opinion,
the source of all the mischief is to be sought,
not in a MS. written on parchment arranged
in quires or gatherings, but in the " copy "
(to use the word in the modern printer's
sense) handed by the author to the first
transcriber. This would no doubt be written
on loose leaves of paper. It appears that
one (or more) of these leaves (containing the
confession of Wrath and the end of the con-
fession of Envy) got lost, and that another
(containing lines 236-59) was misplaced. It
is possible that the transposed leaf was put
in the place of a lost leaf, the last but one of
tli<> PaasuB. But I doubt whether this sup-
position is really necessary ; the confession
of Sloth no doubt ends rather abruptly, as
do some of the other confessions, but I am
not sure that anything Is wanting.
Prof. Manly states that his study of ' Piers
the Plowman ' has led him to the conclusion
that the three recensions known as A, B,
and C are the work of three different authors.
The evidence in support of this revolutionary
theory is reserved for a forthcoming book ;
but Prof. Manly points out in his paper that
the B revision of A. v. is based on the present
defective text, and that the reviser attempted
to remedy its faults in somewhat unintel-
ligent fashion. The fact seems to be un-
questionable, and certainly affords prima
facie a strong argument against the received
theory of unity of authorship. My correc-
tion of Prof. Manly's hypothesis only adds
force to his argument. Even allowing for
the fifteen years' interval which, according
to Prof. Skeat, separates the dates of the
A and B texts, it would be surprising if a
poet, in revising his own work, failed to
detect an accidental transposition that
destroyed the symmetry of his plan. It is,,
by the way, a noteworthy fact (whatever
its precise interpretation may be) that the
C revision restores the passage about
" Robert the robber " to what I consider
to be its original place.
Whether Prof. Manly will be successful
in establishing his new theories respecting
the history of the text remains to be seen ;
but he is certainly entitled to the credit of
having initiated a new stage in the progress
of Langland criticism.
The rejection of the unity of authorship'
of the three texts of ' Piers the Plowman '
would of course involve the abandonment of
Prof. Skeat's almost universally accepted
attribution of ' Richard the Redeless ' to
Langland. An interesting fact, hitherto, so
far as I know, unnoticed, is that Bale ('In-
dex,' ed. Poole, p. 479) mentions the latter
poem, on the authority of Nicholas Brig-
ham, under the title ' Mum, Soth-segger '. '
(i.e. 'Hush, truth - teller ! ') There can
be no doubt of the identity of the piece
referred to, for Bale gives a Latin transla-
tion of the first two lines. The title is
certainly appropriate, and so picturesquo
that it may well have proceeded from the
author. Unluckily, the poem appears to>
have been anonymous in the copy seen by
Brigham. Henry Bradley.
INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE
PRESS.
It has been decided that there shall be no
International Congress of the Press during
1906. The Central Committee, sitting at
Munich by invitation of the South
German Press Associations, has come to this
decision in view of the amount of work still
left over from the Liege Congress of 1905,
and the difficulty of meeting the ideas of
everybody concerned as to time and place.
Invitations for the Congress were not
wanting. The Association de la Presse
Marseillaise, the Association Lombarde des
Journalistes de Milan, the Schriftstellcr-
verein of Nurnberg, and the Sindicatul
Ziaristilor of Bucharest, all offered the
warmest welcomes and the most tempting
programmes of entertainment to their
colleagues of the federated International
iWoHstioiis. But since it was impossible
to make any Congr«*s arrangements before
the si n n cr was tm-11 advanced, and holidays
unencumbered by such duties had become
imperative, it was decided to drop tho
meeting for this year, with thanks for the
courteous offers of hospitality which the
Bureau Central had received.
482
THE ATHENAEUM
N#4O0d. Aful21. 1906
The British International Association <>f
Journalists ii arranging ■ short tn|> t<> France
atlthe end n! May, for irhioh nil i ■ i«i 1 1 1 >t i
will b6 eligible, and which will affonl a
pleasant iimi iiii'm mill opportunity of meeting
.my French ooUeegues. <i. B. Stoabt.
THE ASLOAN MS.
Louv.iin CniTtnlty, April Bth, 190ti.
In reply t-o my inquiry about this MS.
((■p. BngtiacJu Studien, xxxv. 444) Prof.
•(Jregory Smith was kind enotogh to refer
me to liis ' Specimens of Middle Scots,'
j). lxx, where he says that the MS. in question
j mist be in the possession of Lord Talbot of
Mulahide.
Lord Talbot, to whom I applied early in
January, informed me in a letter dated
Palermo, February 17th, that "he regrets
very much that he cannot meet Trof. Bang's
wishes to deposit the book for inspection
at the British Museum."
As I ventured to ask Lord Talbot to be
so kind as to tell me the present owner's
name in case the Asloan MS. was no longer
at Malahide Castle, this reply seems at least
•to imply that it is actually there.
On the other hand, I take the liberty to
state that it is difficult to believe that an
English nobleman would repeatedly deny
access to a MS. in his possession, merely for
"the pleasure of doing so. W. Bang.
THE LATE MR. G. E. LOCK.
Mr. George Ernest Lock, managing
director of the publishing house of Ward,
Lock & Co., Limited, died at Hadley Wood
on the 13th inst. of pneumonia, at the early
age of forty-four. Mr. Lock, who came of
an old Dorset family, was the eldest son of
the founder of the publishing business of
Messrs. Ward, Lock & Co. On leaving the
City of London School he entered the house
of Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, and there
gained experience which proved of groat
value to him when he took up the control of
the family business, which had in previous
years absorbed the two firms of Moxon and
Tegg, and the various publications of Mr.
S. O. Beeton. To tliis business Mr. G. E.
Lock subsequently added that of Messrs.
A. D. Innes & Co., with its valuable books
of travel, biography, and fiction, and his
management was highly prosperous, several
ventures, including The Windsor Magazine,
achieving exceptional popularity.
Mr. Lock took special pride in'the enduring
vitality of liis older publications, among
them the famous " Moxon " editions of the
poets, the " Beeton " books, Haydn's
dictionaries, and the works of Victorian
novelists such as Henry Kingsley and
Whyte-Melville, whose books he reissued in
• collected editions ; and but lately ho was
discussing new issues of the novels of Trollope
and Lever, many of which are still tho copy-
right of the firm. Of several widely success-
ful novelists of the younger generation Mr.
Lock might almost be called the inventor,
ho happy was he not only in his instinct for
what several different classes of readers
wanted, but also in inspiring clover writers
to explore new torritory.
Yot with all his instinct for popular success,
Mr. Lock's preferences in literature and art
were scholarly. His minute knowledge of
classical literature, his love of tho verbal
concoits of tho Elizabethans, and his intimate
acquaintance with the best authors of later
periods, Jacobean to Victorian, Mould sud-
denly astound some friend who hud pre-
viously met him only fas the Lenten truek
of business. For he hih po-i-ssi-d of
remarkable powers of memory, >in<i oould
recite the bulk of Milton as readily as lie
oould correct a misquotation from a (iill>ert
and Sullivan libretto.
To people who eared nothing for books
In stood revealed either as a shrewd man of
hlininess or as an ardent lover of country
life and its hobbies. " 1 'm a much better
farmer than publisher," ho would say, with
a laugh, when surprised in some country -side
enthusiasm. His topographical knowledge
of the British Isles was remarkable, and he
took a special interest in tho development
of tho firm's well-known series of guide-books.
Superficial work ho did not tolerate easily,
but he created in those who worked for him
respect and enthusiasm for his sway, which,
though autocratic in its way, was always
essentially considerate and humane. And
none who really knew the man will forget
the delightful sense of humour that would
flash out at unexpected moments, to the
encouragement of all who came under its
spell. For his was a genial cynicism. He
would observe, with an air of pessimism
which convinced no one less than himself,
" When you know a man, you know his
limitations " ; but liis own capacity for
appreciating all that was best in other people
constantly modified the statement. Few
men at their passing leave more of a gap in
the lives of their friends. The intense
energy with which he lived every day of his
life, whether at work or at play, mado him a
vitalizing influence. " We shall all genuinely
miss him," remarked a man not given to
sentiment. " We liked him to dominate
us, because it was not in him to domineer."
Throughout his busy life Mr. Lock remained
a keen sportsman, and was for many years
not only a bookman, but also a hard football
player, a fearless horseman, and a reckless
swimmer. H.
To The Cornhill Magazine for May Mr.
Thomas Hardy contributes a lyric entitled
' The Spring Call.' In ' A Talk with my
Father ' Mr. Walter Frith puts into
dialogue form many of the artistic remi-
niscences of the painter of ' The Derby
Day.' ' Prehistoric Man on the Downs '
sets forth various discoveries and con-
clusions by Messrs. A. J. and G. Hubbard,
whose work on ' Neolithic Dewponds and
Cattleways ' attracted attention last year.
' The Simplon Pass and the Great Tunnel '
are discussed by Mr. Francis Fox. ' A
French Traveller in Charles II. 's England '
is a study by Mr. D. K. Broster, based on
an unpublished MS. which was brought
to his notice by Prof. Firth. In ' The
New Chemistry, IV.,' Mr. W. A. Shen-
stone deals with carbon and the shapes
of atoms ; Mr. Claude E. Benson writes
on ' Venomous Serpents ' ; and Mr.
D. G. Hogarth's description of ' Chimera
and Phaselis ' is inspired by a visit to
Lycia.
Sir Henry Smith, ex-Commissioner of
the City of London Police, has an article in
the May Blackwood entitled ' More about
the Streets of London.' The number
also contains Book III. of ' Drake : an
English Epic,' by Mr. Noyes ; ' The Early
Royal \ ■ .-idemy ' ; 'Grammar to the
Wolves,1 by the Warden of Wad).
College, Oxford: 'The Qrowth of •
Capital Ship.' in which the development
Of the ship of the line \g traeed J and an
article on Mr. BimlTfl Evocation Bill.
Thk opening article in the May onmbei
of T/o Independent Review will be on
'The New boom of Commons,' by Mr.
C. F. (J. Masternian. M.I'. Among t lie
other contribution! will be ' The Desert.'
bv Mr. Hilaire Belloc ; ' Rostock and
VVismar,' by Mr. E. If. Forster; The
Poetry of Blake,' by Mr. G. L. Stracbi
'Kaffirs and Consols' by Mr. P. W.
Hirst ; and ' Darwin and Mendel,' bj
Mr. L. Doncaster.
Our review of ' De Flagello Myrteo I
was in type when the news of Dr. (Jarnett-
death came. We are now at liberty to
mention that this charming work is his.
Tolstoy's new story, entitled ' What
For ? ' will, if the Russian Government
allows it, be published on May 5th.
Translations are to appear simultaneously
in England, France, Italy, Hungary,
Holland, Germany, Finland, Denmark,
Sweden, Spain, and Norway. By arrange-
ment with Mr. Heinemann, the first right
of publication for England has been secured
by Mr. T. Catling for Lloyd's Ni
Written in the most vigorous vein, the
story, while dealing directly with the
Polish insurrection, is applicable to present-
day Russia.
The May number of Macmillan's Maga-
zine contains an article by Mr. Randolph
Bedford on ' Germany in the Pacific'
Mr. Robb Lawson has a paper on ' Reli-
gious Drama,' with special reference to
the performances of * Everyman,' * Ben
Hur,' and ' The Prodigal Son,' while ' Sense
and Sentiment,' by Mr. Frederick Payler,
deals with the legal reforms proposed by
the new Lord Chancellor. An article
of literary interest is ' Rhythm and
Rhyme,' by Mr. George Bourne ; and
a review of the recently published memoir
of Henry Sidgwick is contributed by Prof.
Sully.
Westmoreland, London, and Paris, the
art-world of thirty years ago, and the rise
and decline of a painter, form the subject
of Mrs. Humphry Ward's new novel,
' Fenwick's Career ' which will be pub-
lished by Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co. on
May 3rd. Fenwick is an artist who, like
Romney, leaves his wife for the sake of his
art. The ordinary edition of the novel
will include four illustrations from draw-
ings by Mr. Albert Sterner ; but there will
be an edition de luxe in two volumes,
limited to 250 copies, signed by Mm.
Humphry Ward and numbered, which
will contain seven photogravure illustra-
tions on Japanese vellum from Mr.
Sterner's drawings.
In The Cornhill Magazine for the Last
twelve months the series of articles
' From a College Window ' have attracted
considerable attention by their thoughtful
analysis of character and wide range of
sympathies. To these twelve essa3rs six
have been added to form the volume
which is to be published by the same firm
N° 4095, April 21, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
483
on May 3rd. The title-page will bear the
name of the author, Mr. A. C. Benson.
A dramatic poem entitled ' Cranmer,'
by Mr. Ralph Richardson, author of
' George Morland's Pictures,' is announced
by Mr. Elliot Stock to be published imme-
diately.
We are very sorry to notice the death
from heart failure of Mrs. W. H. Chesson.
Before her marriage, she had, as Nora
Hopper, made a name for herself as
one of the two or three women poets of
the day whose work is likely to survive.
Her poetry, of which she published several
volumes, had a delightful freshness
and simplicity, and an unrestrained air
which befitted a close and real lover of
nature. Mrs. Chesson was also an accom-
plished critic and reviewer, with a special
interest in fairy- and folk-lore, and a year
ago published a novel of great promise
which was a considerable performance,
' The Bell and the Arrow.' A wide circle
of friends will regret the loss of a per-
sonality of great charm.
Mr. Bliss Perry, the editor of The
Atlantic Monthly, has been appointed to
the Professorship of English Literature in
Harvard University. It will be remem-
bered that Lowell and Longfellow in turn
held the Smith Professorship of French and
Spanish to which this chair is attached.
Temple Bar for May will contain a
paper on ' Honore de Balzac ' by Miss
Mary F. Sandars, followed by a newly
translated letter from Balzac himself to
Madame Hanska, containing a condensed
autobiography. Mr. Desmond F. T.
Coke rebukes " Woman " for her " In-
civility to Man," especially as manifested
in the " teatime tube."
A descriptive book on the famous
country around Harrogate, by Mr. James
Baker, will shortly be published by
Messrs. Simpkin, Marshall & Co. The
work deals not only with the abbeys of
the district, but also with the wild scenery
of Gordale Scar and Brimham Rocks,
and such historic villages as Ripley and
Coxwold, and is fully illustrated by
photographs.
The death of Mr. Charles H. Grinling
on Wednesday week last removes an able
writer on railway affairs. He edited
News of the Week (1897-8) and Transport
(1898-1900), and of recent years was a
contributor to The Railway News and to
The Times. His ' History of the Great
Northern Railway ' has reached a second
edition.
Mr. Eden Phillpotts and Mr. Arnold
Hknnett have collaborated in a romance
of London and the sea, which they have
named ' The Sinews of War.' The book
opens with a murder in a workman's
tread) at Kingsway. The story will be
issued by Mr. Werner Laurie in the autumn.
A small volume entitled ' School Garden-
ing for Little Children,' by Miss Lucy R.
Latter, with an introduction by Prof.
Patrick Geddes, is announced by Messrs.
Sonneaschein. It aims at showing the
place of nature teaching in schools. The
work described has been going on for six
years, and has successfully stood the test
of Government inspection.
A work entitled ' Man ; or, Problems
Ancient and Modern relating to Man,
with Guesses at Solutions,' is about to
be issued by the same firm. It is
from the pen of the Rev. William T.
Nicholson, vicar of Egham. Part I.
treats of ' Man in his Relation with God
or Religion ' ; Part II. is entitled ' Human
Nature Solitarily and Socially Considered';
and Part III., ' Man Nationally and
Ecclesiastically Considered.'
J. M. C. writes : —
" The practice of spitting having been
happily suppressed by the exhibition of
public notices, let us hope that the authorities
will turn their attention to a — for many
reasons — still more objectionable habit of
many frequenters of our public libraries,
namely, that of turning over the leaves of
books with the wetted finger. The Trustees
of the British Museum are respectfully urged
to take steps to protect from the progressive
contamination and deterioration hence aris-
ing the vast and priceless literary treasures
committed to their charge."
Mr. Morlev Roberts's new novel,
entitled ' The Prey of the Strongest,' will
be published by Messrs. Hurst & Blackett
on Monday.
The progress of Prof. Liebermann's
monumental work on the Anglo-Saxon
laws is a matter of general interest to
English mediaeval scholars. We are glad
to note the publication of a further instal-
ment of the ' Gesetze der Angelsachsen '
on behalf of the Savigny-Stiftung, being
Part I. of the second volume of the work.
This contains the elaborate ' Glossarial
Index ' which is a special feature of the
undertaking. This important edition will
be noticed in our columns in due course.
At a meeting on Wednesday of the Com-
mittee of the Society of Writers to the
Signet, Edinburgh, Mr. John Minto,
formerly of Aberdeen, was appointed to
the vacant post of librarian to the Signet
Library. Mr. Minto, who is a brother of
the late Prof. Minto, is at present Chief
Librarian and Curator of the Brighton
Public Library.
The number of candidates who apply
for the professional certificates of the
Library Association continues to increase.
For the examination in May there are
already 108 entries for 170 subjects.
The candidates come from all parts of the
United Kingdom, and one from South
Africa. About 70 will sit for the exam-
ination at the London School of Economics
in Clare Market, and the remainder at
various provincial centres. Last year
51 presented themselves for 86 subjects ;
and there were only 31 entries in 1903.
The subjects dealt with at the examination
include literary history, bibliographj',
classification, cataloguing, library history
and organization, and practical library
administration.
The Italian senator Fedele Lampertico,
whose death at the age of seventy-three
is announced, was Professor of Law at
the University of Padua when, in 1859,
he published ' Relazione d' uno Statista
Veneto,' for which he was found^ guilty
of high treason by the Austrian
authorities. He was born at Vicenza on
June 13th, 1833, and for over half a
century was regarded as one of Italy's-
most distinguished economists.
We note the recent appearance of^the-
following Parliamentary Papers : Educa-
tion, Scotland, Southern Division, General-
Report, 1905 (2hd.) ; Annual Statistical
Report of the University of Aberdeen for
the Year 1904-5 (l|rt.) ; Final Report of
the Royal College of Science, &c, Vol. I.r
with Appendix I. (3d.) ; and Report of
the Meteorological Council for the Year
ending 31 March, 1905 (Is. 5d.).
SCIENCE
The Cult of the Heavenly Twins. By J.
Rendel Harris. (Cambridge, University
Press.)
The greater part of ' The Cult of the
Heavenly Twins ' is devoted to showing
that pairs of saints are usually mere sub-
stitutes for the Dioscuri, or other twin
heroes of classical religion. The opinion
is highly probable, but we leave the
criticism of this portion of Dr. Rendel
Harris's work to hagiographers. It would
be interesting to know whether he thinks
that the legend of the origin of the Hays,,
at the battle of Luncarty, is a Heavenly-
Twin myth : it is as like one as some
that he cites. We turn here to the
evidences of early cult which the mytlx
presents.
What is the origin of Heavenly Twin
worship ? Our author looks for it in
the anthropological field, and we think
that his argument is neither based on a
sufficient collection of examples, nor
logically successful. He says that in.
seeking the beginning of twin worship-
" we are at an earlier date in human
history than star-gazing and star-naming "
(p. 7). This is certainly erroneous. The
most primitive tribes known to us — those
of Australia — are star-gazers and star-
namers, and are as rich in stellar mytho-
logy as the ancient Greeks. But, far
from worshipping twins, they were apt
to put one or both of them to death.
Dr. Rendel Harris writes (p. 31), "The
worship of the Twins has been shown to'
belong to the very earliest times " ; but
we do not see that he has shown anything
of the sort. He begins (pp. 4, 5) by
quoting, vaguely and uncritically, Greek
legends of the shared immortality of
Castor and Poly deuces, " the lads of.
Zeus." But the reference in the Iliad
(iii. 236-44) to these brothers of Helen
speaks of them as mortal men, dead and
buried in Laceda>mon. Though, in a
probably " late " passage of the Odyssey
(book xi. 300-4), they have divine honours,
neither they nor any heroes are so privi-
leged in the Iliad ; while, even in the
Odyssey, the brothers do not appear in
the Olympian consistory.
Dr. Rendel Harris very ingeniously,
and, for all that we know, correctly argue-
from the explanation by certain Indian^
484
THE ATHENiEUM
£1*4095, Apkil21, 1906
of British Guiana or, at all event*, by a
i.iin medicine man then' tliat the
twms an- one tin- child <>f ■ nonnal, the
-other of a supernormal father, and that
flu- Qrookn wen- at MM time of the Hame
OpinkML. Thus Castor would be the son of
Tyndareus, liu.sband of Led* ; l'olydcuccs
WOOld be the son of Zeus, and immortal.
Hut Zeus had any number of sons, not
twiot, by mortal women. Were these
■sons numl>ered among the heavenly
immortals 1 and if not, why not I Again,
one twin, in the ease of British Guiana,
was burnt alive, as was the mother, to
propitiate a pestilence then raging. The
medicine man denounced them to death ;
we are not told that in ordinary circum-
stances they would have suffered. How-
ever, the unexplained objection to twins
is found, for example, among the Euahlayi
of South-East Australia, and we regret
that the author does not touch on
any Australian evidence, and gives very
few cases. So far, we have seen nothing
like twin worship, nor do we remember
anv twins among the offspring of Aus-
tralian " All Fathers." What Dr. Rendel
Harris means by calling the incident in
British Guiana a form of the " cult " of
twins (p. 9), we do not know. In West
Africa he finds no theory of the " dual
paternity " or " spirit parentage " of
twins. He does not notice, anywhere,
instances in which the opinion seems to
be that twins suggest doubts of the fidelity
•of the mother to her husband : of this,
we think, he will find examples. In parts
of West Africa twins, and their mother,
are killed (not a form of worship, we think);
and there is an island sanctuary for mother
and twins in the Cross River, Niger Delta
{p. 10). Miss Kingsley found in this re-
gion an unexplained horror of twins and
their mother. Mr. Goldie, in Calabar,
found the mothers banished to a " twin
mothers' village," and cases of twin-
killing. The Fangs used to kill both
twins, but now keep one. " I 'd keep
ihat one," said a little British boy, on
being shown both his twin brothers. He
had no idea of " cult." Other tribes, as
the Ekoi, think twins lucky. In some
tribes the father is involved in the scrape,
and is " allowed to return to society on
paying a fine, and catching a certain
animal without wounding it." But this
is no twin-worship. For such worship
we find no evidence, except a statement
quoted by Dr. Nassau from an unnamed,
undated, and unlocalized West African
newspaper (p. 16 ; repeated p. 60, note 3) :
" It is also said that there is a temple near
Lagos, where twins are worshipped (Ellis,
i Yoruba,' p. 81), but on these points we
need further information."
We do, indeed; but these on dits are the
■only evidence we observe for extant twin-
worship, not counting pairs of saints.
Yet Dr. Rendel Harris writes (p. 31) : —
'" The worship of the Twins has been
shown to belong to the very earliest tunes."
He says that the Dioscuri gave rain.
Perhaps they did, but he quotes no evi-
dence except for the Acvins in the
Rig • Veda, who are not the Dioscuri.
DoSI he know many gods of the Veda
who are not asked to give rain ? He says :
"We find all over the world thut irben
ruin is needed for the OTOpS, the natural
rainmaker is ■ woman who i-, the mother of
t 1 ins."
Does she rive rain after she is put to
death I Now there be rainmakers many,
hut, in the three instances cited by our
author (from ' The Golden Bough,' i. 83,
90, 91), the twins themselves are the rain-
makers, which hardly proves that the
mother of twins is " the natural rain-
maker " " all over the world." Among
the Baronga (Delagoa Bay) twins are
called Bana ba Tilo, " children of the
sky," and, with their mother, are sprinkled
with water, to bring rain. This appears
to be an experiment in magic, not worship,
for the children and mother are boycotted ;
ashes are thrown at them ; and a naughty
child is told that it is " as bad as a twin."
The Malayans endeavour to procure rain
by drenching a cat with water. Is this
a "cult"? Though Bana ba Tilo is
equivalent in meaning to Dioscuri — if we
take Zeus as equivalent to sky — we do
not know that Tilo is a god like Zeus.
We note no evidence beyond what "we
have cited to prove that " the Twins
belong to the very earliest deposits of
polytheism," because we find here
no cases of twin-worship among early
polytheists, and the Dioscuri twins are
not worshipped in the civilized poly-
theism of the Iliad. Certain Red Indian
cases of twins, good and bad, as agents
of the dualistic philosophy, are not cited.
Among the African tribes where twins
are welcomed, we hear nothing of their
worship. Among the Baronga they are
"of evil omen" (p. 20). Among" the
Yoruba twins have " a tutelary deity "
called Ibeji : " Here Ibeji=twins." But
there are not said to be two Ibeji gods.
" There is also a small black monkey,
sacred to Ibeji, a kind of twin totem "
(p. 17, note 1). Why is the monkey
called a totem ? To make this puzzle
more incomprehensible, we are told that
" among the Yorubas the totem name
appears to be given to one of the two
children" (p. 18, note 2). What totem
name ? Finally, " sometimes, as among
the Yorubas, the twins are named after
a totem god " (p. 60). What is " a totem
god " ? Totems we know, gods we know ;
" totem gods " we know not. On p. 18,
note 2, " the totem name " (whatever
that name may be) " appears to be given
to one of the two children." On p. 60
" the twins are named after a totem god."
Are the Yoruba totemists ? We do not
pretend to understand our author's ideas
of totems. First, the black monkey was
" a kind of twin totem " (whatever " twin
totem " may mean) ; then Ibeji (appa-
rently) was " a totem god " ; and some-
times one, and again both, twins have
" the totem name,' or " are named after a
totem god."
The terminology is not lucid, and no
account of the cult of the god Ibeji is
given. From all this evidence, such as it
is — and there is not much — the process of
evolution towards the worship — to judge
from the Iliad, late — of the brother-
Helen is not easily to be traced. If it
were proved that twin*, jxr *p, are wor-
shipped, and next that idealized twins,
"i -pint- of actual twins, are worshipped
in the earliest polytheisms, the >U-\> to
their worship in the polytheism of civilized
Greeks would \»-, easy. But we do not
obsei \ e that these things are demonstrated.
Consequently we do not understand the
origin of the cult of the Dioscuri, and
we think that the subject requires more
systematic study, while We recognize the
ingenuity and interest of Dr.^Reodd
Harris's monograph.
Xoteuxjrthy Families (Modern Science), by
Francis Galton and Edgar Schuster, is pub-
lished by Mr. John Murray, and is the first
volume of the " Publications of the Eugenics
Record Office of the University of London."
It represents an enterprise of the highest
interest and importance. Brief notices of
sixty-six distinguished families are here
printed as the result of an inquiry addressed
by Dr. Galton in 1904 to all living Fellows
of the Royal Society. We have before us
some striking records of family ability passing
tlirough more than one generation, and
appearing in collateral branches. But the
practical prohibition " De vivis nil nisi
bonum " robs the inquiry of much of its
value. " Proneness to grave constitutional
disease " cannot, as Mr. Schuster says, be
published with propriety ; and other signs
of degeneracy will readily occur to the
reader, to mention which would probably
involve an action for libel. Mr. Schuster
has had further difficulties. Not one-half
of those addressed cared to answer the
inquiries made, and " the isolation of some
few from even their nearest relatives was
occasionally so complete that the number
of their brothers was unknown." It looks
as if the Royal Society needed another
Barnes Xewcome to deliver to its members
a Lecture on the Domestic Affections.
The Preface, which embodies the con-
clusions to be derived from the data, is full
of interesting points. It is stated, for in-
stance, that
"the most important reason why the children of
very distinguished persons fall sometimes lament -
ahly short of their parents in ability is that the
highest order of mind results from a fortunate
mixture of incongruous constituents, and not of
such as naturally harmonize. Those constituents
are negatively correlated, and therefore the com-
pound is unstable in heredity."
Another reason is that
"the highest imaginative power is dangerously
near lunacy. If one of the sanest of poets, Words-
worth, had, as he said, m>t unfrequently to exert
strength, M by slinking a gatepost, to gain assur-
ance that the world around him was a reality, his
mind could not at those times have been wholly
sane."
The writer concludes, then, that it is not
in the highest examples of human genius
that heredity can bo most profitably
studied, men of high ability being more
suitable subjects. We noticed recently a
statement by a careful observer that most
men of science are devoid of a faculty
which is common to the highest examples
of genius in literature, the power of
visualizing. Such a gift must take its pos-
sessor out of the real world to an extent which,
to the ordinary man, spells eccentricity.
The whole of the Preface is a model of
lucidity and brevity, and fairly states
the numerous difficulties which surround
the subject, e.g., that women of exceptional
N° 4095, April 21, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
485
ability often have had no particular chance
of showing it in a way which would entitle
them to be generally called notable, or
marked as such by " the world's coarse
thumb." We think it a pity that the
scholastic successes of gifted sons are not
included ; for though they do not amount
to " solid evidence," they show, at any rate,
an exceptional promise which is surely of
interest when it is derived from an able
father The continuity of some family
names in special- lines of scholarship is
remarkable. .
It would be very interesting to have
records on the physical side of peculiar
features which are persistent enough to
seem inherited, or, say, of athletic distinction.
At present, the notable one in a hundred
seems to be what is termed in scientific
language a " sport " as often as not. But
we hope that Dr. Gal ton's new science of
eugenics will lead to the gathering of exten-
sive data on which secure conclusions can
be founded. He has the greatest of subjects,
and is himself a happy exemplification of
inherited powers.
RESEARCH NOTES.
Inquiry into the Alpha rays or streams
of positivelv charged particles still con-
tinues, and" Dr. Fuchtbauer publishes in
the Physikalisclie Zeilschrift some experi-
ments which lead him to the conclusion
that the behaviour of different metals m
presence of them varies considerably. He
arranged movable sectors of platinum, silver,
copper, and aluminium behind the pierced
cathode of a Crookes tube, and found that
all metals give off negative electrons when
struck by the rays, but that silver and copper
reflect ten per cent, of them unaltered. Of
the others, platinum appears to emit the
fewest electrons, and aluminium the most,
the other metals giving them off in the same
order as Volta's series. Hence, in all future
experiments with the positive rays, it will
be necessary to see that no metal comes in
thoir path, else the experimenter will be
liable to be balked by finding that his source
is apparentlv emitting positive and negative
electrons at the same time. The voltage,
however, employed by Dr. Fuchtbauer was
high, sometimes attaining to as much as
30,000 volts, and this doubtless had its
effect on the rate of emission. It would be
interesting to repeat the experiment with
the slow Alpha rays coming from spon-
taneously radio-active substances.
Prof. Stark's theory that the positive
rays are the carriers of the line spectrum
has before been alluded to in these Notes
(see Athennum, No. 4085), and he now puts
forward the conclusion that a stream of
positivo ions should show the Doppler effect,
the lines of the spectrum produced by light
received in the direction of the stream being
displaced towards the violet or the rod, as
the stream flows towards or away from the
spectroscope. Frof. Gehreke, however, in the
journal above referred to, asserts that the
canal-rays, or streams of positivo particles
produced within a vacuum tube, consist
originally of fragmonts of metal liberated
by the disintegration of the cathode, and
expelled in the first instance with a negative
charge. He also considers that they lose
one or more negative electrons under the
influence of ultra-violet light, and thus
acquire a positive chargo which leads to
their being hurled back on the cathode.
This, he says, accounts for the magnetic
spectrum of Wien, and also for the fact that
the mass of tho canal-ray particlo may
exceed the whole gaseous contents of the
tube, and amount to 650 times that of the
hydrogen atom ; while their slow motion is
due to their having to proceed against the
electric force, and the Doppler effect of
Stark is only exhibited when they have got
out of reach of this behind the cathode. It
is evident that, to control this, recourse
must be had to electrodeless tubes ; but
the suggestion that these particles should
be visible by the ultra-microscopic methods
of Siedentopf and Szigmondy is extremely
interesting, and one may hope to hear soon
that it has been put to the test.
The statement has been repeatedly made
of late that the radio-activity (i.e., the power
of emitting Beta and Gamma rays) of
radium and such-like substances could not
be affected by temperature. MM. Curie
and Danne, indeed, showed, more than two
years ago, that the rate of decay in that part
of the active deposit left by the ex radio
emanation and called by Prof. Rutherford
Radium C could be increased, though irre-
gularly, by heating it to temperatures above
650° C. This was, however, denied by Mr.
H. L. Bronson, who suggested that MM.
Curie and Danne's results might be due to
Radium C having a shorter, and not a
longer, life than its predecessor Radium B,
and that the last named may be the more
volatile. Mr. Walter Makower has under-
taken some experiments at Manchester to
decide the question, and the results pub-
lished in the Royal Society's Proceedings
show clearly that the emission of Beta and
Gamma rays is increased at temperatures
ranging from 1000° to 2000° C, and possibly,
as he thinks, beyond that figure. The
increase, however, is not regular, and although
he does not consider his experiments con-
clusive on the point, they do not confirm
MM. Curie and Danne's suggestion that the
maximum change of activity takes place
at 1 100° C. After about an hour, the heat-
ing ceases to have any effect, and one is glad
to learn that the experiments are being con-
tinued and that the further results will be
published.
In this connexion Dr. H. W. Schmidt's
experiments with a sheet of aluminium
made radio-active by a solution of radium
salt, and then surrounded by screens of the
same metal in its normal condition, are
interesting. The results led him to conclude
that a radiation existed during the passage
of the deposit from Radium B to Radium C
which was more penetrating than the Alpha
rays, but less so than the Beta. This is, of
course, contrary to Prof. Rutherford's con-
clusion that the change from B to C is rayless.
Dr. C. G. Barkla, of Liverpool University,
has for some time past been investigating
the secondary rays produced when the
Rontgen or X rays strike metals and other
substances, and finds that those emitted by
carbon can be polarized. According to him,
this effect should be noticeable in all sub-
stances of low atomic weight, the lower the
weight the greater being the energy of the
primary beam which is transformed into
energy of secondary radiation. He thinks
that only a very thin layer of the carbon is
penetrated by the original radiation, and
much care seems to have been taken to
control the experiment and guard against
error. If his conclusions remain unim-
peached, they may cast some doubt on the
current theory as to the origin of the X rays ;
and it will bo remombered that, when tho
latter wore first announced, M. Honii Bec-
querol asserted that they could bo polarized,
refracted, and reflected like light, and per-
sisted in this view for several years.
Prof. McClelland has also investigated the
secondary radiation emitted by substances
struck by the Beta and Gamma rays from
radium, the law here being, according to
him, that secondary radiation increases with
the atomic weight of the substance struck.
In a paper published in the Transactions
of the Royal Dublin Society he estimates
the amount of energy thus liberated, and
concludes that in the case of lead nearly
88£ per cent, of the energy absorbed is given
out again as secondary radiation, 89 per
cent, in the case of uranium, and only 45 in
that of carbon. He considers that these
secondary rays are in every way similar to
the Beta rays which produce them, and that
these last are, in a great measure at any rate,
homogeneous. It is evident, however, that
if the Gamma rays are, as is generally sup-
posed, similar in nature to the X rays, Frol.
McClelland ought, on Dr. Barkla s hypo-
thesis, to have obtained secondary X rays
as well, and this discrepancy is still to be
explained. , ' , -
Some curious experiments on what no
calls chemico-luminescence are recorded by
Prof. Trautz. He found that most brilliant
luminescence was caused by the mixture at
a low temperature of peroxide of hydrogen
with pyrogallol and formaldehyde, and that
it gave a continuous spectrum from the rea
to the blue-green, with the maximum effect
in the orange-red. Raising the temperature
of the mixture seemed to increase the ligut,
but the rays were cut off by the interposition
of a sheet of aluminium of 2 mm. in thickness
A mixture of chloride of calcium finely
powdered with hot chloric acid also gave a
brilliant effect. One would be curious to
know if either of these mixtures proved
itself capable of ionizing the surrounding an,
and, if so, whether it was in circumstances
which support Prof. Rutherford's theory
that ionization is in many case* the ettect
of phosphorescence. Prof. McClung in Ihe
Philosophical Magazine thinks that f roi.
Bragy and Mr. Kleeman's late experiments
in radio-activity confirm this.
Prof. Giesel in the Benchte gives reasons
for supposing that Madame Curie's polonium,
when freshly prepared, emits Beta rays as
well as Alpha, though it soon loses this powei
He is clearly of opinion that it is the same
substance as Prof. Marckwald s radio-
tellurium, but points out that the time-
constants given by Prof. R**^0"1 *°
not include that of fresh polonium, and tliat
further evidence is therefore necessary tor
determining its place among the decay-
products " of radium. . ,
The last news about the N rays is that
■MM. Cotton and Raveau paid a visit to
M. Blondlot's laboratory at Nancy to witness
the new experiments establishing, as tney
supposed, the reality of the phenomena.
At first all went beautifully, and they con-
sidered the results as conclusive^ witmn
the range of experimental error. men,
all of a sudden, it was found that they could
not be repeated, and the control experiments
that they suggested, gave a negative result.
Evidently there is a mystery here, and it is
not yet solved. * ■ *
PROF. WELDON, F.R.S.
Thk University of Oxford generally and
the Natural Science School especially have
suffered a severe loss by tho sudden death
of Prof. W. F. H. Weldon at tho .early age
of forty-six. The son of a distinguished
chemist, and never hampered by want
of moans, Weldon began his zoological
IMU
THE ATHENjEUM
N°400:>, April 21, 1906
Mudiea at Kind's CoflOflT). London, witd.r
A. H. CJarrcxl. Proceeding to s<- John**
College, Cambridge, !><• toon f«-l I andei the
inflaanoe of F. M. BeJfour, and became <>n"
of the hrilluuit band oi biologiste which that
grent natarahel created. Hi^ early etodiee
wiT.« umlnjrc logical On the death of w. A.
Forbec in 1HK3 Weldon *»s for a time
prueoolui to the Zoologioal Bociety, and did
come excellent work on vertebrate anatomy ;
it wan not beeaoee he had nol abown aptitude
or Baal that he wee not confirmed in that
post. After a visit to the West Indioa and
BOme time at Cambridge, Weldon proceeded
to study at the then newly erected Labora-
tory at Plymouth, where he displayed hi*
characteristic energy not only in the study
of crustaceans, but also in the affairs of the
Laboratory and of the Marine Biological
Association. He was in 1890 called to
succeed Prof. Ray Lankester as Jodrell
Professor in University College, London,
and in 1899 to take his place as Linacre
Professor in the University of Oxford.
While devoting himself to his professorial
duties, he took, when in London, a very
large share in one of the associations which
were trying to establish a teaching University.
Both in London and at Oxford he did not
spare his strength in those biometrical
studies with which his name will always be
closely associated. Dr. Francis Galton was,
we think, the pioneer in applying precise
measurement to biological phenomena. His
researches, however, were confined to the
subject of man. But Dr. Weldon, in associa-
tion with Prof. Karl Pearson, was for sub-
duing the whole field of biology by the aid
of the biometrical method. His ideal was
to give an exact quantitative expression to
biological observations, in particular to those
relating to variation and heredity. In this
way he hoped to provide a mass of data
that should constitute a basis for what he
was fond of calling a " rational " theory of
evolution — rational because, like chemistry
or physics, numerical. The movement is
still new. Only recently, for instance, can
it be said to have captured the attention of
Germany. Hence as yet it is hard to be
sure whether Weldon's great idea came to
him through the horn or the ivory gate of
dreams. This at least, however, may be
said, that he was not one to dally with mere
ideas, but a practical man of science at once
resolved and competent to bring his theories
to the touchstone of rigid fact.
His seven years' residence in Oxford
brought him great reputation there. His
fine, frank bearing and keen interest in all
things intellectual endeared him to a wide
circle, amongst whom his pupils must
certainly be reckoned. Married young, he
was singularly happy in his home. A genial
host, an entertaining companion, and a
trusty friend, he will long remain in the
memory of many.
SOCIETIES.
Astronomical— April 11.— Mr. W. H. Maw,
President, in the chair. — Mr. P. H. Cowell read a
paper on an explanation of the apparent secular
acceleration of the earth's orbital motion. Certain
assumptions with regard to the sun and moon satis-
fied the conditions of six ancient solar eclipses, and
it seemed impossible that this should be mere
coincidence. It was entirely wrong to make
arbitrary assumptions with regard to the moon's
motion that did not also refer to the sun, and ex-
plain them as the results of tidal friction. The
author concluded that the day increases in length
at the rate of O005 per century — an estimate ten
times greater than those previously put forward. —
Mr. F. J. M. Stratton read a paper on planetary
inverMnii. Tin- iiutiiiii bed been led to make tail
liineUaition i>v EYof. Pickering's suggo«ted ex-
planet ion of th<- retrograde motion "t spurn's
ninth satellite, Phmbe. It wca assumed taat thin
IHte had been weired from He prhearr'whm
tin- fetter*! motion <>f rotation was retrograde, and
there had )>cvn subsequently an inversion ol the
planet's aus. The author concluded that, while
this remains ■ h\pothe-is only, there is nothing
Improbable in the ■oggeetkm, and it is in
accordance with the known effect! of tidal action.
— Prof. R. A. Sampson gave an account of his
discussion of the Hurvard observations of tho
eclipses of Jupiter*! satellites, 187H-1901, which
would }»■ published in the A mail El of the Harvard
< Ibeet tatory.
Ckoj.ook ai.. — April 4. — Mr. K. S. Hemes,
VI'., in the chair. — Mr. Simeon Priest was elected
a Fellow ; and Prof. J. M. Clarke, Director of the
New York State Museum, and Dr. J. J. Seder-
holm. Director of the ideological Survey of Finland,
were elected Foreign Correspondents. The follow-
ing communications were read : ' On a Case of
Unconformity and Thrust in the Coal-Measurcs of
Northumberland,' by Prof. G. A. L. Lebour and
Dr. J. A. Smythe, — and ' The Carboniferous Suc-
cession l>elow the C)al-Measures in North Shrop-
shire, Denbighshire, and Flintshire,' by Dr. W.
Hind and Mr. J. T. Stobbs.
LiNNEAN. — April 5. — Dr. A. Smith Woodward,
V.P. , in the chair. — Miss C. A. Raisin was elected
a Fellow. — Dr. Horace T. Brown and Mr. Frank
Crisp were elected Auditors on behalf of the
Council, and the Rev. R. Ashington Bullen and
Mr. J. Hopkinson on behalf of the Fellows. — Mr.
Clement Reid exhibited nearly fifty photographs,
entitled ' Some Plants new to the Preglacial Flora
of Great Britain.' These were derived from
material procured at Pakefield, near Lowestoft.
— A discussion followed, in which Count Solms-
Laubach, Mr. H. WT. Monckton, Dr. H. Wood-
ward, and the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing engaged. —
Mr. Spencer Moore contributed a paper, ' A Second
Contribution to the Flora of Africa : Rubiacere
and Composite, Part II. ,' which was read by Dr.
A. B. Rendle. — A discussion followed, Dr. Stapf,
Mr. E. G. Baker, and the General Secretary taking
part. — The second paper was by Mr. E. J.
Schwartz, on ' The Structure of the Stem and
Leaf of Niiytxia floribunda, R. Br.,' which was
illustrated by lantern slides. — Dr. I). H. Scott,
Mr. W. C. Worsdell, and Dr. Stapf contributed
remarks. — The last paper was by Mr. B. Hayata,
' On Taiwanites, a New Genus of Coniferte from
the Island of Formosa.'
Meteorological. — April 18. — Mr. R. Bentley,
President, in the chair. — -Mr. Alfred Hands read
a paper on ' Some so-called Vagaries of Lightning
reproduced Experimentally.' He said that light-
ning, as an electric discharge, should act in
accordance with the laws known to govern the
subject ; and if an occurrence does not appear to
accord with our knowledge we should try to fathom
the mystery, and not dismiss it as a vagary. The
author, in the course of an extended investigation
into the effects of lightning, has come across many
cases which have been called vagaries, but which on
a close inspection have proved to be extraordinary
only in the erroneous way in which they were
described, and had they been correctly reported
they would have appeared perfectly consistent with
preconceived ideas. He reproduced experimentally
several so-called vagaries of lightning, showing bj-
means of rough models the conditions under which
they occurred. — Miss C. O. Stevens read a paper on
'The Value of a Projected Image of the Sun for
Meteorological Study.' She pointed out that by
this method it has been ascertained that where
the direction of movement of the atmosphere is
tangential to the limb of the sun the phenomenon
of "boiling" displays a coursing or rippling
character, and that where it is perpendicular to
the limb of the sun the character of the move-
ments of distortion is that of springing in and out
of the area of the sun's image. Both theso
elements of movement are continuous, even in the
absence of all visible cloud, and it is possible not
only to detect, but also to distinguish between
overlying invisiblo atmospheric strata.
I'hii .oi ooe m A/Til 6. Prof. Gouanex in the
< hair. Dr. H. Bnuile} made hia yearly |
his work on the M words he is editing for the
1 Oxford I* ' Beside* hih part o I
II alr<-ndy iomed, b> had 144 peWM '" type »»>d
eepj reenj tor 24 more. His proof* had been rwwj
by Lord Ald«ii),arn, Mr. W. H.
fowler, atr. Wileond DoOer. fte., wirik Mr. H I
Hart had belped with Klizabet) quo-
tations, and Mr. Jas. Piatt, jun.. with hard w
from far otl bade. Dr. Bradley s*id h<- liad read
a paper on tin- Dictionary at th<- l*b
ing of < iermen phflologi rl it Bamborg, and it waa
most '-onlially n< 'i\i-d. Prof. Kluge had praised
the English work in glowing terms, and had ex-
pressed the hops that it would be taken as a
pattern for the great thesaurus of the German
language which would be ' irted as soon a*
Grimm's dictionary of it- Teutonio word- was.
finished. Dr. Bradley brought with him forty
pages of proof of his next part of M. He had
hoped for a good time when h<- started at them,
but he had had a bad one, for he came on most
terrible clusters of words under the Grei k prefixes
mexo-, rntt'i-, and micro-, that would horrify any
classical scholar, and that no < rreek would acknow-
ledge. What did they think of metasplenomegalie.
metaparapteral, metascutellar, metaphyton, meso-
xiphisternal, metastibenite, metacoumerate, meta-
nitrobromobenzene, Ac. ! It was impossible to
cheerful among such a mongrel lot ; and if some
chemical friends and Mr. Ruckman, the geologist,
had not come to his help, he would not have been
able to get out of his troubles. Under mt"0- there-
were 120 entries in 9 J "columns, besides 2] columns of
compounds treated in a lump. The chief use of meia -
in English words was illegitimate, and not strictly
in accordance with Greek analogies. It started from
Aristotle's ■ Metaphysics ' (books following the
' Phusike '), misapprehended as meaning " the.
science of that which transcends the physical,'r
so that : 1. Mtta- was prefixed to the name of a
science to designate a higher one of the same?
nature, but dealing with ulterior problems, as
" metachemistry," the chemistry of the super-
sensible; " metatheology," a profounder theology
than that of divines. 2. At eta- was applied to
adjectives for diseases following those indicated in
the body of the word, as " raeta-arthritic," " meta-
pneumonic," consequent on gont or pneumonia. 3. It
was used for something behind another, as " meta-
bronchial," applied to a division of the carapace
of a crab situated behind and to one side of the
mesobronchial lobe. 4. In botany and zoology
mtta- was used with the sense of " later, more
developed": "the higher animals and plants we
term Meta/.oa and Metaphytcs " (Hartog). B, In
geology it forms words referring to certain varieties*
of metamorphie processes, as " metachemic,"
" metatropy, or changes in the physical character
of rock-masses" (Irving). 6. In chemistry the
prefix was introduced in 1833 by Graham, who.
called the acid of the fused biphosphate of soda
" metaphosphoric acid," and the fused salt itself
" metaphosphate of soda." In 18o9 Odling dis-
tinguished the mtta- acids from the ortho- acid-
containing one, two, or three molecules of water
less than the ortho- ones. Huxley puzzled people
in his classification of races, c. 1870, by calling,
pale folk with dark hair " melano-chroi," which
meant " dark-skinned." "Metal" and "mettle"
are the same word. The metal of a sword or beam
is transferred to the stuff of which a man is made.
Pettie, in 1581, writes. "It dulleth their wittes
and reprosseth their natural vigour in such sorte-
that there is no mettell left in them " ; Dekker, ir»
16i>4, " If the Duke had but so much mettle in hin*
as [is] in a eoblers awle" : Lyly, in 1584, "Swear-
ing commeth of a hot mettal." " Method '" in
Greek and Latin was the pursuit of knowledge,
mode of investigation, doctrine, and was also used
as a term in medicine. From it the modern sense
of systematic arrangement, i rder, was developed1
in the sixteenth century. In natural history,.
Kirhv and Spenoe considered in ls2t> that "a
' Method " should signify an Artificial, and a
'System' a Natural arrangement of objects."
"Mess," the Lite Latin MMnwn, a thing put on
the table, was, 1, a, a serving of food, a course of
dishes, a prepared dish ; b, worms' mess, food for
worms (1300) : r, a quantity of strawberries (1513),
milk (a. 1833), vinegar ("l">97). salt beef (1621),
green peas (1670) ; d, a take of fish (1854) ; 2. a
made dish : a "mess of pottage" is not in the
Bible of 1611, though it occurs in ' The Pylgrimage
N° 4095, April 21, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
487
of Perfection' in 1526. Of mess as food for a dog or
horse Pope was the first user ; while Marryat in 1834
starts the muddle notion with "Here's a pretty
•mess ! " As a company of persons eating together
" mess " is used by Lydgate, or rather the unknown
■writer of ' The Assembly of Gods,' c. 1420 ; and
-the "mess "of the navy appears in 1599. For a
group of four persons or things, Skelton is the first
authority in 1526; and as short for " mess-beef "
in the United States Tfte New York Herald has
the earliest quotation for "mess" in 1859.
Institution of Civil Engineers. — April 10. —
"Sir Alexander R. Binnie, President, in the chair.
— The paper read was ' On the Resistance of Iron
and Steel to Reversals of Direct Stress,' by Dr.
T. E. Stanton and Mr. L. Bairstow. — It was
announced that one Associate Member had been
transferred to the class of Member, and that six
•candidates had been admitted as Students. The
monthly ballot resulted in the election of one
Member and six Associate Members.
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Mos.
Tck«.
Surreyors' Institution, 4.— 'The Effect of the Education Act,
1902, on Rural Districts.' Mr. J. W. Willis Bund.
Society of Arts, 8.—' Ivory,' Lecture I., Mr. A. Maskcll. ICantor
Lecture. I
Royal Institution. 5.— 'Greek Classical Dress in Life and in
Art,' Lecture I., Prof. G. B. Brown.
— Institution of Civil Enirineere, 8.— Annual Meeting.
— Anthropological Institute, 8.15. — ' Pottery - Making in New
Guinea and some Adjacent Islands,' Mr. A. H. Dunning.
Weo. British Numismatic, 8.—' The Busts of James I. on his Silver
Coinage,' Lieut. -Col. II. W. Morrieson ; '" Popular " Numis-
matics.' Mr. 3. B. Caldeoott.
— Folk-lore. 8.— 'Spanish Amulets.' Mr. W. L. Hildhurgh ; 'The
Scapegoat in Europe.' Mr. N. W. Thomas.
— Geological, 8.— 'Trilobites from Bolivia, collected by Dr. I. W.
Evans in 1901-2.' Mr. P. Lake : 'Grantolites from Bolivia,
collected by Dr. Evans." Miss K. M. R. Wood; 'The Phos-
Shatic Chalks of Winterhourne and Boxford, Berkshire,'
[ossTfl. H. J. Osborne Whit« and Llewellyn Treacher.
Society of Arts, 8.— 'The Production and Collection of Picture
Postcards.' Mr. F. T. Corkett.
TncRS. Society of Arts, 4.30.— ' Seistan, Past and Present,' Col. A. H.
McMnhon.
— Royal Institution, 5. — 'The Digestive Tract in Birds and
Mammals,' Lecture I., Dr. P. C. Mitchell.
— Institution of Electrical Engineers, 8. — ' Long - Flame Arc
Lamps.' Mr. L. Andrews.
Physical, 5. — 'Some Simple Questions on the Images of Micro-
s<x>i>es and Telescopes.' Mr. W. B. Croft; 'A Gas Calorimeter,'
Mr. C. V. Boys ; ' On the Lateral Vibration of Bars subjected
to Forces in the Direction of their Axes,' Mr. ,T. Morrow.
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 8.— 'Petroleum Fuel in
Locomotives on the Tehuantepec National Railroad of
Mexico,' Mr. L. Greaven.
Royal Institution, 9.— 'Ore Deposits and their Distribution in
Denth.' Prof. .1. W. Gregory.
Royal Institution, 3.—' English Furniture in the Eighteenth
Century,' Lecture I., Prof. C. Waldstein.
Far.
«AT.
%titntt (gossip.
Our special series of scientific papers will
be continued next week by a paper on the
new conceptions of the internal structure
of the molecule of a chemical element involved
in the recent development of stereo-chemistry.
It will be by Dr. J. Norman Collie, Professor
of Organic Chemistry at University College,
London.
A Sibthorpiax Professor of Rural
Economy will be elected at Oxford on
June 9th. The present stipend of the
professorship is about 700/. a year, and the
holder has to lecture and give instruction on
the scientific principles of agriculture and
forestry, including the pathology of plants.
Dr. Rambaut, F.R.S., Radcliffe Observer
At Oxford, publishes a new catalogue of
1,772 stars observed there during tho years
1894 to 1903, and reduced to the epoch
1900. It gives the position of every star
down to the seventh magnitudo containod
in the zone 85° to 90° N.P.D. with very few
exceptions, which occur only in tho cases
of double and multiple systems. Or. Ram-
baut was appointed in July, 1897, about
two months after the death of his lament ad
predecessor, Mr. Stone, and began his
directorship by effecting some alterations
and improvements in the instrumental
equipment, particularly with regard to tho
< ,'arrington transit circle. To this, which
had become the principal meridian instru-
ment whilst Main was RadHiffo Observer,
a new electric chronograph of Sir Howard
Orubb's latest pattern has now been attached.
The last Radcliffe Catalogue was published
by Stone in 1894, containing the places of
6,424 stars for the epoch 1890. Mr. W.
Wickham, F.R.A.S., has filled the office of
First Assistant since November, 1880.
Int the number of Popular Astronomy for
the present month Mr. Metcalf gives an
interesting description, with illustrations,
of the observatory recently erected by
him at Taunton, Mass. He has already
discovered a considerable number of small
planets there ; one of these, which was
detected on the 5th of December last, and
has not yet received its definitive number
in the long and ever-growing list, he has
named Tauntonia.
We have received the Report of the
Director (Mr. C. Michie Smith, F.R.S.) of
the Kodaikanal and Madras Observatories
for 1905, together with Bulletin No. iv. of
the former, giving the results of the observa-
tions (continued from those in No. i.) of
the widened lines in sunspot spectra.
Towards the end of the year, the Govern-
ment, at the request of the Director, sanc-
tioned the addition to the staff of a permanent
photographic assistant, which was a great
benefit in the work with the spectro-helio-
graph. Photographs of the sun were ob-
tained on 327 days, as against 264 in 1904.
Mr. R. LI. Jones has, as before, occupied
the post of Deputy-Director of the Madras
Observatory ; and the Report concludes
with summaries of the meteorological results,
and of the seismological observations at
Kodaikanal.
We have received the third number of
vol. xxxv. of the Memorie della Societd
degll Spettroscopisti Italiani, containing
papers by Signor Cerulli, of Teramo, on
the integrals of extinction, and by Dr.
Puccianti, of Florence, giving the results
of experiments on the anomalous dispersion
of metallic vapours. Signor Cerulli points
out the close agreement between the results
of his investigation and those obtained by
Prof. Bemporad, following a different method.
The number also contains diagrams of the
spectroscopic images of the sun's limb as
formed from observations at Catania,
Kalocsa, Odessa, Rome, and Zurich, during
the first quarter of the year 1904.
Four new small planets were discovered
photographically at the Konigstuhl Obser-
vatory, Heidelberg, on the 27th ult. : three
by Prof. Max Wolf, and one by Herr Kopff .
Prof. Wolf also announces that he recently
detected a small planet on two plates of the
Andromeda nebula taken by Herr Gotz on
August 12th, 1904 ; and that one observed
by him on the 21st of last February, and
at first supposed to be identical with Hero-
dias, No. 546, is really new.
The next meeting of the Astronomische
Gesellschaft will be held at Jena from the
12th to the 15th of September, under the
presidency of Prof. Soeligor, of Munich.
FINE ARTS
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Seven Angels of tlie Renascence : the Story
of Art from Cimabue to Claude. By Sir
Wyko Bayliss. (Pitman & Sons.) — This
work, although with a different title, appoars
to be a companion volume in somo respects
to ' Rex Begum,' which wo noticed at tho
time of its appoaranco. Sir Wyko Bayliss
has lost none of the charm of stylo, tho easy
flow of words, and tho vein of droamy
metaphor which characterized that work.
Indeed, these traits reappear here in even
stronger form. A wonderful blending of
fact and sentiment, history and allegory,
records his views regarding the influence
which the seven selected great masters —
angels, he calls them — exercised upon the
art of the Middle Ages, and upon those who,
consciously or unconsciously, swayed the
methods of expressing it to the world. Who
are these seven ? Cimabue, Leonardo da
Vinci, Michael Angelo, Titian, Raphael,
Correggio, and Claude Lorraine. The
author records the main points in the
life of each of these, and sets them, like
so many precious jewels, in a wealth of
verbal imagery, proving his right to be
enrolled among the rare band who have
been artists in two different ways.
By the term " Renascenoe " the writer
means that revival of art which had its
rise in the thirteenth century, culminated
in the fifteenth and sixteenth, and fell away
altogether in the seventeenth. His middle
five names were the great painters who,
living and working together, bore the stress
and the strain of the day, each of them
bringing to the service of art his own par-
ticular gift. Da Vinci, he says, illumines
the studio with intellectual light ; Michael
Angelo ^brings the direct message from on
high that men should be as the gods ; Titian
reveals from Olympus that the gods are as
men ; Raphael" trims the flickering lamps
of flagging art, and enables us to see with
clearer eyes ; " last of all, Correggio dis-
covered how not until the sixth day was the
world finished, when God brought Eve into
Paradise."
The first chapter — illustrated with a
vignette of the Basilica of St. Prassede at
Rome, and reproductions of Raphael s
' St. Cecilia,' S. Memmi's portrait in fresco
of Cimabue, the fresco portrait of Christ
in the Catacomb of St. Callisto, Raphael's
Vatican fresco of Dante, the Christ of the
Veronicas and of the Basilicas, and Fra
Angelico's painting in St. Mark's, Florence,
of the Christ of the Awakening — is devoted
to a consideration of the sleep of Art during
the darkness which fell upon the civilized
world after the third century of our era ;
the rise of mosaic work in the fourth century ;
and, after centuries, the awakening of Art
whom he likens to the Princess in the fairy
book — in the thirteenth century by the
Prince who then came, and whom we call
Cimabue : —
" Whether it was Cimabue or Margaritone who
first discovered the Princess I am not sure. It
was Margaritone who cut away the tangled briar
— the growth of a thousand years — with its ornel
thorns, which hedged her round. But it was
Cimabue who claimed the Princess as his bride.
There she lay, asleep, in her wonderful beauty, as
if she had just closed her eyes. Trembling he
approached, and knelt beside her. Somo say he
kissed her, but as nobody saw it, and she never
told, we cannot be quite sure of tho fact. How-
ever, as the end of the enchantment hAd come, the
Princess awakened at once, and, looking at him
with eyes of the tenderest regard, said drowsily,
'Is that you, my Cimabue ? I have waited for you
very long.'"
And so wo learn the boy of noble birth finds
a place with Margaritone, the mosaic-worker,
who had so far brokon through tho tradition
of his craft as to begin {minting on canvas,
and completes his master's unfinished teach-
ing by first using tho art of painting as a
living language; and this too — curious to
say — at tho very timo that Dante was doing
tho same thing with tho Italian dialect
Thetl comes B thought for Giotto, whom in
1277Cimabuo found — a ten-year-old child —
drawing a sketch of one of the sheep hflJwM
minding in the fields, but destined, in spite
IX. s
THE ATIIKNjEUM
X" 409.1, Ai-kii. 21, 1906
of the defects of bis body »"<l his humble
birth, t.> become H kmn m the realms, of Art,
where Cimebue himself «u i>ut ■ prince.
Another spell of darkness succeeds, lighted
only •'} Oreagna end Bpinello, until there
mi i i hut >t mi- of ilir first magnitude, Leo-
nardo da Vinci, in the constellation of the five
already mentioned luminaries, whose lives
lie in parallel lines, ami cover a period of a
little above B century, that is, from 1 152,
the birth-year <>f Da Vinci, to l -~> T * > . tln<
passing of Titian. The salient features of
Dn Vinci's lite are summed up in a few short
paragraphs, which describe him as a child
without a mother- an apprentice teaching
his famous artist-master how to paint —
the leader of the most advanced school of
art, while others were scarcely emancipated
from fresco and mosaic restraints and tradi-
tions— an engineer, architect, sculptor, poet,
painter, musician, philosopher, writer, and
founder of a great academy- and " a man
of whom there is no record that he ever
loved a woman." Tho illustrations hero
include the portrait in tho Gallery of the
I'ltizi, Florence ; the charming ' Two Angels'
in the Accademia there ; the head of Christ
in the Accademia, Milan ; and the ' Last
Supper ' and the ' Virgin and her Mother '
in the Royal Academy. All that the author
says is very appropriate : —
"I am half inclined to drop the 'Da Vinci'
altt get her — f< r after all that was his name ( nly l>y
sch ptaon — and knew him for the future simply as
Apollo. No doubt Vein cehio felt that he had a
yc «rg gtd amongst his disciples, and rejoiced
act ''idingly."
Next comes Michael Angelo, in his versa-
tility resembling his precursor. His principal
works are passed in review, tho author
specially drawing attention to the fact that
the painter did not reject the commonly
received likeness of Christ, but followed it,
as is seen in his ' Entombment,' now in the
National Gallery, inspired not by the
" splendid visions of his imagination," but
by the work of an unknown limner on a
face-cloth found in an early martyr's grave.
The glory of imagination, says our author,
came to art through Michael Angelo, just
as it came to poetry through Dante. And
so we pass on to a rapturous chapter about
Titian, and the treasures of his art which
Venice, Florence, Rome, and other cities
held or still hold. With Titian, says the
author, the glory of Venetian art waned,
and with tho death of Paul Veronese twelve
years later, followed by that of Tintoretto
after six years more, died out into tho dark-
ness of a night which the pale starlight of
Salviati, Giovane, Padovanino, Canaletto,
and Tiepolo could not illuminate.
Of Raphael and tho Sistino Madonna
much is said that is striking and impressive.
Tho ' School of Athens ' according to our
author, places Raphael in scholarship on a
level with Leonardo, and in imagination on
a level with Michael Angelo.
Closely following comes Correggio, and
Sir Wyke has much that is thoughtful and
sympathetic to tell us of the ' Holy Family '
and the ' Ecce Homo ' in tho National
Gallery, the ' Amoretti ' in a fresco, and the
' Holy Night ' in tho Royal Gallery of
1 )resden, of all of which he gives illustra-
tions. Of the work of this painter, who has
been the subject of some depreciation, wo
read : —
"Correggio was an artist— pure and simple;
and he rainhd that which was dear to his eyes.
Correggie had no laboratory attached to his
studio; he had no world of scienc© or physios to
conquer; the learning which fan mated Da Vinci
did not fascinate him. Correggio was not a
dreamer like Michael Angelo ; ho knew nothing of
heaven or hell asve what the prieata told him ; In-
did not si^h for th'e regeneration <>f t J i « -
■ l,'K'" did not we 'In- jewellery of light and
ooloor ■ i Titian did- nnr had he the complete
vi-inii .it Raphael. But lie <lnl we women, and
ili oovered that they l'«>k \.-ry beeatifnl — in
piotun
In the olosing chapter, entitled 'Anno
Domini,' Claude, Ariosto, Taaao, Gkndo
Keni, and others BTC dealt with.
Throughout the author's enthusiaam and
love of beauty are seen on every page, and
he is full of hope for the future of art .
]ii nut i Jul Women in History and Art.
By Mrs. Steuart Erskine. (Hell & Sons.) —
This is a handsome; quarto volume, mOTC
suitable for the boudoir or drawing room
than for the library. Mrs. Erskine writes
pleasantly enough (and with an attractive
disregard for dates) about some of the
beautiful women who have played their
parts in history ; whilst Mr. Hallett Hyatt's
plates are perfect in their way. There is,
indeed, just a faint suspicion about this
volume that Mrs. Erskine has had to adapt
her text to the exigencies of Mr. Hyatt's
stock of plates. Perhaps this is fortunate,
otherwise the author would not have ex-
hausted her subject even in a dozen volumes.
It will be conceded by most people that
types of female beauty are infinite, and a
glance at the numerous illustrations in this
book helps one to realize this fact. But
some of the faces appeal to one's sense of
the beautiful more than do others ; some,
indeed, hardly appeal at all. It is difficult
to realize, for instance, that Nell Gwyn,
whose portrait by Sir Peter Lely faces
p. 195, was ever beautiful. And yet there
are other and equally authentic portraits of
her which permit of no doubt on the subject
of her persuasive charms — at all events, at
one period of her life. The sharp, hard faces
of Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury, and
Mary, Countess of Pembroke, as shown in
the plate which faces p. 44 — in both cases
the original portraits are in the National
Portrait Gallery — are certainly not sug-
gestive of beauty as it is generally under-
stood : the former was married four times,
and looks in this portrait as if she had just
succeeded in bringing a prospective No. 5
to his knees. Van Dyck's portrait of Rachel
de Ruvigny, Countess of Southampton, may
have lost something in McArdell's mezzotint,
which is reproduced facing p. 86 ; but, at
any rate, the type of beauty is of a very
unintellectual sort. In justice to the
memory of many of the ladies of Tudor and
Stuart times in this country, we must take
into account the severely realistic notions
of the portrait painters of the period. We
do not remember ever to have seen from the
pencil or brush of Holbein a portrait of
a woman that could frankly be called
beautiful. Lely's shepherdesses are for the
most part either inane or wooden, all roughly
hewn out of the samo block of wood, with
just a little manipulation of the general
scheme. Kneller, too — to come down to a
much later period — had the gift of portraying
beautiful women in an unattractive guise.
It is not until we come to the French and
English artists of the eighteenth century
that we have beautiful pictures of beautiful
women : many aro probably not a little
idealized, but this is an amiable fault. Thero
is here a very generous assortment of portraits
by artists of the French and English schools
— Nattier, La Tour, Vigee Le Brun, Law-
rence, Romney, Gainsborough, and Reynolds.
While no fault can be found with the way
in which the pictures or engravings are repro-
duced, there is a good deal of room for
improvement in other respects. Sometimes
tho name of the artist and the name of the
owner »r. both given, and sometimes are
omitted. Al B matter of fact, very nearly
all the original portraits are well known I. ..tit
d owners, and the)
no • r slipshod work such a* we
in this hook. The portrait of Miss Far
afterwards Countess of Derby, of which a
reproduction from BartolOfXl's -tipple en-
graving is given opposite p. '211, is one of
Lawrence's most imium- v. • 1 1. . A nuiiiW
of pictures are reproduced " from engrav:
after contemporary portrait"," and yet t
is no indication of either ai t l-t - or engravers,
whilst a morning in the Plint-Room of the
British Ifneeum would have been sufii.
to settle both points ; the engravings are
so familiar that almost any collector could
at once name nine out of ten. Dora Jordan
(facing p. 201) is from Bartolozzi's print after
Romney ; Madame du Harry (facing p. 13*2)
is after Drouais ; and tho whole-page plate
(facing p. 94) of Flora Macdonald is simply
described as " from a mezzotint after a con-
temporary portrait." Nothing could have
been easier than to obtain the names of
both artist and engraver. The picture was
painted in 1747 by Thomas Hudson, and
engraved in mezzotint by John Faber, jun.
The First Century of English Porcelain,
by W. Moore Binns (Hurst & Blackett),
narrates the rise and progress of the various
English potteries producing porcelain during
the latter half of the eighteenth century and
the beginning of the nineteenth. The book
is arranged on the same lines, and tells pretty
much the same story, as the other works
treating the subject which have appeared
during the past few years — a repetition
which is now probably unavoidable, as
everything of interest connected with the
subject has long since been discovered.
Mr. Binns gives the usual complement of
mechanical translations of specimens of the
different wares on the usual glossy^paper ;
and he adds (what seems now to be expected)
the usual preliminary technical chapter on
glazes, pastes, and colours. After the success
of Mr. Solon's 'History of Old English
Porcelain ' and Mr. Burton's work on the
same subject — both written with the autho-
rity of practical knowledge of the art — it
was inevitable that their example would be
followed by others also claiming practical
acquaintance with the manufacture of
porcelain. Thus Mr. Binns states that he
too is a " practical potter," a phrase savour-
ing rather of terminological superfluity ; for
although we are all aware from sad experi-
ence that the theoretical plumber is nowise a
figure of speech, yet it is difficult to conceive
the existence of a theoretical potter. Mr.
Binns furthir says that he is possessed of
" artistic inclinations." On this point it is
possible that ceramic students may not
always be wholly in agreement with him.
Indeed, few, we imagine, in these days will
accept his estimate of colour-printing on
china as a method of " artistic " ornamenta-
tion. And there are many to whom " the
lavish licliness, the gorgeous gilding, and the
luscious glazes " of certain eighteenth-century
wares are not admirable, but rather the signs
of a debased art. The objects thus decorated
may be sought after by persons " infected,"
as Mr. Binns puts it, with the fashion of
collecting porcelain, but they are things from
which the tme connoisseur will turn awav.
GEORGIAN ENGLAND AT WHITE-
CHAPEL.
It would bo interesting to compare the
show now at Whitechapel with the first
attempts at art exhibitions held in the East
N°4095, April 21, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
489
End of London. Honour is still due to their
originators for having attempted such a
thing at all, but they linger in the memory
as perverted attempts to catch the attention
of an uneducated public by descending to
its level. They presented to it a variety
show of incongruous elements, wherein
canvases of wide, if not always well-deserved
celebrity jostled the most catchpenny of
story-telling pictures, and piety shared the
stage with popular dog pictures : any
indifferent work seemed welcome if it but
afforded a peg for the staler class of copy-
book maxim, with which the catalogue
bristled, and the flabby sentiment which
always finds a large public. From the failure
to recognize that this public, while it may
everywhere form a majority of the popula-
tion, is yet the element least worth culti-
vating, these early shows, in spite of the
presence of a proportion of good pictures
in them, could hardly be described as in any
constructive sense educational. The visitor
might be educated or demoralized, as he
pleased.
The present exhibition is varied enough,
in all conscience, in the character of its
-exhibits, but it is the very reverse of a
hotchpotch of unrelated sensations ; and
when the reader studies his twopenny cata-
logue, he may well rub his eyes. He finds
that while there is nothing here but what is
•elementary and comprehensible to the
average man, yet the whole is co-ordinated
into a large scheme, so that by its light this
musty museum of lifeless " things " becomes
transfigured into a living, entertaining
picture of the arts of a period, gazing at
which the spectator is shown, with admirable
brevity and some literary charm, how much
more beautiful is life thus adorned with the
graces of art, how in the eighteenth century
it was the natural outcome of healthy
national existence. Nothing could be more
admirable than the page concerning "Geor-
gian England," wliich traces the sources of
the charm of life summed up in the phrase,
and the causes that so unfortunately
destroyed it. Admirable, too, is the clear-
headedness with which the writer, while in
love with old English rural life, yet discerns
that salvation is not to be found in artificial
efforts to preserve it : " Our agricultural
districts are the hobbies of millionaires, and
have lost the savour they once had, a savour
which the far tamer country-side of France
still retains." Nor could anything be more
lucid and admirable than F. D.'s technical
notes on the pictures, showing their relations
with present-day work, and touching on the
causes of modern disaster. In a word, we
see here artistic education in the hands of
men of broad mind, who handle their subject
from a liberal point of view, who regard art
as a living thing, not an affair of pedantry ;
and the phenomenon is so rare in East or
West, in Europe or America, that we cannot
welcome too warmly such an excursion of
the ideal into the domain of fact. To
see such a thing, even on so small a scale,
achieved in concrete form, tempts one to
further speculations in the domain of fantasy.
What would we not give to see Earl's Court
id the hands of a similar directorate, and to
have the business of amusing the people
■ i bandied as to become a work of art !
In tho meantime there is in the place
which the artistic spirit has seloctod for its
descent among us a certain suitability. It
has always boon questionable whether there
was not more hope of artistic revival among
the actual toilers of tho East End than among,
we will not say the idleness, but tho more
iilntiM-, less tangiblo activities of tho
West End, and much is to be hoped for from
the present directorate of the Whitechapel
Gallery abandoning the old idea that the
entire population in their district are in an
intellectual infancy, and to be fed accordingly
on gruel. Of the majority of people in any
part of the world that is true, but, man for
man, your intellectual is at least as common
here as in Mayfair. He may sometimes
outrage the traditions of the English lan-
guage, but this is often less from ignorance
than from a kind of indifference born of
despair in struggling against ugly externals.
Beauty is for him very much an abstract
thing, and he cherishes for it an inner devo-
tion none the less intense because he is so
little accustomed to look for it in his sur-
roundings as to wear a certain defiant air
of being well able to do without it.
Of just this independent temper — none
the less critical because of a certain scornful
tolerance — Hogarth might almost in his
essential character spring from the East
End of to-day, his grasp of actual fact is so
much in evidence, his sense of beauty so
jealously hidden. His Green-Room at Drury
Lane is perhaps the only picture here that
shows him quite at his best, with its creamy
perfection of paint, its weird subtlety of
suggestion, and that best is only his best
from the purely painter's point of view,
with little hint of his peculiar value as a
moral force. His personality found its
true expression in a glorification of the more
masculine vices, in expressing the zest and
attraction of certain kinds of sordid adven-
ture in those lower strata of society where
life is in closest touch with material reality,
and this was none the less eloquent or less
effective for being cast into the form of a
series of painted sermons supposed to be in
support of conventional morality. Nowhere
are these " scathing denunciations " appre-
ciated in so lively fashion as among the
reprobate class who are supposed to wince,
and qualms may be forgiven to the most
liberal of canonical minds before the work
of this man, for whom, patently in every
line, the blackguard was ever a glorious
and the prig a despicable creature. Hogarth
represents the English ideal of coarse frank-
ness resisting in vain that foreign invasion
of elegant make-believe which ultimately,
by alliance with British puritanism, gave
birth to modern respectability. Except in
a few engravings — too coarse to be effective
(Hogarth was never quite at his best except
with a brush) — we do not see him here at
his full power as a social force, but rather
as a painter only. As such, it is interesting to
notice in his Inn Yard how much technically
he owed to the detested foreigner : nothing
could be more evidently of the family of the
great combination pictures of Canale and
Tiepolo. Mr. Robinson's Pantomime Ballet
would show the same foreign influence if it
were indeed indisputably Hogarth's : it
bears much more the look of being painted
by some follower of Longhi.
In spite of the fine quality of the ' Green-
Room,' the painter whose occasional great-
ness is most thrown into prominence by
this collection of pictures is not Hogarth,
but Zoffany. Wo seo hints of it downstairs,
where, among much commonplace if capable
painting, the pictvire of (larrirk and Mrs.
(Jibber in * Venice Preserved ' shines as a per-
formance of great restraint and distinction.
In the upper room his portrait of Mrs. de la
Vaux is striking in its likenoss to certain
portraits of .Jewesses that Mr. Sargent has
given us ; and in many of the other groups
there are fragments of drapery executed
With a deftness yet solidity that suggests
the same comparison. The vigorous truth-
fulness of the family of John Peyto and the
filmy mystery of the Minuet do but lead
up to the absolute mastery of the principal
figure in Mr. Alexander's Family Group.
The ' Minuet ' is signalled out for special
praise by the writer of the catalogue on
the ground of its "almost Whistlerian treat-
ment." It is Whistlerian, but it has the
faults as well as the qualities of much of the
finest modern painting : there is even the
mannered treatment of the boy's white-
stockinged legs and black shoes that we
fondly fancied was the special trade mark of
Whistler — and Velasquez ; and he were a
brave man that should assert of the much-
travelled Zoffany that he did not pick it up
from the same source as the modern master.
We see the painter of this picture getting,
like any modern, his mysterious shimmer a
little at the expense of solidity, mystery at
the cost of reality ; and in the feeble
draughtsmanship of the girl's extended arm,
the sudden transparency that besets tho
lower part of the figure of the mother, wo
see the beginnings of the structural flimsiness
that has often accompanied the more
emotional modern manner of approaching
painting. This is not to say that the
' Minuet ' is not a fine picture in its balancing
of lyricism and realism ; yet compare it
with tho figure of the lady in Mr. Alexander's
picture (the figure of the man is admittedly
a jarring note), and see how the actual
appearance of things offers a profounder
mystery than the shifting mirage of fancy.
The lady's dress is of a curious green — the
green that moonlight casts through clear
water on to marble steps ; the grey coiffure,
the varied wlxites of the costume, are a
revelation of the possibilities of white paint,
yet as far removed as can be from being a
" clever study in whites." Everything is
sober, solid, executed with the perfect cer-
tainty and Tightness that come of absolute
sincerity. The presentment of this stately
old lady owes no whit of its dignity to any
tampering with facts. The graded white
and darkened gold of her costume ; the pink
on the petticoat of the young girl at her side,
with its crisp frills of muslin trimming ;
the slipper encrusted with old silver — how
broadly and solidly and naturally it is done,
in paint of what firm consistency, tending
not at all to the slipperiness of happy
accident ! If the Belgian painter Alfred
Stevens could have been endowed with
something of the outlook of Manet, he might
have left behind painting that would have
paralleled this : until one sees it, one hardly
realizes with what extraordinary beauty
the mere act of painting may endow a
thorouglily artificial portrait group in ela-
borate costume.
Let it not be disputed that in the two
scenes from The Harlot's Progress Hogarth
tackled a more difficult problem ; but let
not reverence for his great namo blind the
student to the fact that as painting they are
much inferior to the work we have been
examining. Perhaps the whites have be-
come more transparent with time (as is
often the case with work of this swift exeeu
tion), so leaving them a little glassy and
thin as the positive ridges of paint emerge
in consequence more obtrusively. Dealing
with a more complex subject, they repre-
sent it more conventionally than Zoffany in
his minor masterpiece — are more enter-
prising and less satisfactory. The amazingly
capable Fjansdmrn Fair, by Barker, deals
with similar difficulties, hut in colder fashion :
De LoutherboUTg's Wesley Preaching more
Coldly still, but with a saving interest in the
V.H)
THE ATHENAEUM
N°409.">, April 21, 1906
beautiful landscape ilistsnno Bogarth'i
■nail painted sketches for iimiibms en
iatereraag si fuHsAaihieim ,;")h-
The small room of draw noteworthy,
u .uily for the greet sketch of Sir Joshuas,
Hf}>i'ick<r.-, mi Milking in its line can!
DM*, so astonishing M OOming from that
most methodical of painters, so impressive
m a- power of suggesting ■ mysterious
personality by means of ■ large pool of
shadow under I hat It in extraordinarily
loose, indefensible in its] scale, bat very
i:\ igorating to look at for all that. Among
the drawing! there are so many of interest
that the most important stand out the less.
Ilowlamlson is represented by some charm-
ing sketches, almost as conventional and
beautiful as the best Japanese work, but
winning you more by their mannered grace
than the laboured productions of Hogarth
alongside, which have the quality usual with
over-modelled drawings of looking better
in red than in black. In the French elegance
of draughtsmanship of Hayman's Interior
we see a formative influence that may well
have been of immense value to his great
pupil Gainsborough, who is himself repre-
sented by drawings of his usual wild grace-
fulness, like the work of a child of genius.
Two odd drawings by Fuseli are what one
v < mid imagine would have resulted had Blake
done fashion plates ; while some drawings
by that strange genius show his usual large-
nese of imagination, marred by an arbitrary
" trimming " of imaginary and rather
foolish anatomy.
With the composite riches of the lower
gallery the end of an article is scarcely ade-
quate to deal : mention may be made,
however, of certain Chelsea china|contributed
by Mr. Steer, which he seems to have selected
with something of that love of dainty sensa-
tionalism in colour that marks his own
painting.
THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ROME.
The fourth meeting of the British School
at Rome for the present season was held on
the 4th inst. in the library of the School.
The first paper was by the ex-Director, Mr.
H. Stuart Jones, on the liistorical interpre-
tation of the reliefs of Trajan's Column.
He stated that the recent discussion of these
reliefs by Cichorius and Petersen had left
room for doubt on several points of consider-
able importance, with some of which he
proceeded to deal. After explaining the
strategical situation with the aid of a map,
he referred to the artistic conventions
observed by the sculptor, and pointed out
that the " continuous " style seen by Wick-
hoff in the reliefs was in strict parlance not
the only method of narration employed by
the artist ; some portions of the frieze were
composed in the " successive " style by
means of a series of individual scenes ; while
in a few cases a band of relief might be
described as " panoramic," and was to bo
interpreted as a whole. He then endeavoured
to prove that there was no adequate reason
for supposing that in Trajan's first campaign
a converging march of two armies was
represented. In the passage of the Danube
there was no clear distinction of two forces,
although a double bridge of boats was shown :
Trajan's march was then depicted in a series
of individual tableaux, which led up to a
" continuous " passage culminating in an
indecisive engagement, after which Trajan's
advance was oheoked by a fortified position,
riglrtly identified with the Iron Gate pass.
Mr. Stuart Jones criticized the arguments
by which Petersen sought to show that a
junction of two armies was indicated before
the battle, as well as the view of Cichorius
that the junction took place after the engp
litent. and maintained that Trajan, undcr-
rttimating the strength of the Iranian posi-
tions, led lu^ army rgninel them by ■ angle
route. He then culled attention to certain
s. lanei in the later portions of the Bret series
of reliefs in which Petersen recognised the
town of Pontes, and contended that the
jyiuvicijiium of Drobctie, which stood on the
left bank of tho Danube at the point where.
Trajan's bridge was afterwards built was
represented in the town with an amphitheatre
&c, seen in tho reliefs.
Proceeding further to deal with the second
series of reliefs, he showed that a passage of
" continuous " narrative represented the
journey of Trajan to a point where friendly
Dacians were settled, having doubtless been
transferred by the emperors orders to tho
Roman province of Mcesia Superior. A
scene of sacrifice at six altars, at which both
Dacians and Romans were present, was
interpreted as taking place at a centre (as
yet unidentified) of the Imperial worship
in the province, the number of the altars
corresponding with that of the divi. This
was followed by a " panoramic " scene, com-
posed in strict symmetry about a centre,
the wings being terminated by groups of
classiarii engaged in road-making. The
subject was the relief of Roman positions
threatened by the Dacians, who had built a
wall in order to blockade the Roman troops.
This panorama was followed by the repre-
sentation of the stone bridge over the Danube
on the south side of which Trajan was
sacrificing, while on the north he received
embassies from barbarian tribes. These
scenes had no connexion with those which
preceded, and formed a point of rest fol-
lowed by the commencement of an offensive
campaign. Mr. Stuart Jones, while agreeing
with Petersen that Cichorius was in error
in believing that at tho outset of the
second war the Romans were in occupa-
tion of Sarmizegetusa and Southern Dacia,
could not admit that the " panoramic "
scene represented events which took place
on the left bank of the Danube, nor that the
scenes at the bridge could be included in the
panorama, nor that the town with the amphi-
theatre could accordingly be identified with
Pontes (which was a mere castellum) rather
than with Drobetse (which was a flourishing
munici pium) : he therefore concluded that
in the first year of the second war Decebalus
carried offensive operations into the province
of Mo?sia, and quoted a statement of Dio
Cassius in support of this view.
The second paper was read by the Assistant
Director, Dr. T. Ashby, jun., upon an un-
published panorama of Rome preserved in
the Bodleian Library. It is the fourth of a
series, of which three have been already
published. A drawing virtually identical
with the third of these — either the original
or, just possibly, a better copy — came into
the possession of Mr. St. Clair Baddeley in
the course of last year (Athena um, August 5,
p. 187), but not in such a way as to givo any
clue to its provenance or to lead one to
search for the missing originals of the other
three with any reasonable prospect of
success. The Bodleian series may indeed
have been copies made by the author himself
from his own original drawings, and in the
one case where comparison is possible, the
copying seems to have been accurately done.
Tho author is, no doubt, as Prof. Lanciani,
tho discoverer of tho panoramas, noticed,
Anton van don Wyngaerde, an artist of the
Low Countries ; and tho date of execution
of the present \nw, which i« taken from a
pomt some |60 yard* east of the church of
S. Sabina on the Aventine, must \>a placed
before September 27th, 1667( the day on
which the Toils .Timlin- was curri<*l away
for the third time by a flood, remaining in
ruins until Gregory XIII. repaired it for the
jubilee of 1575. The re] indent ation of the
buildings of the portion of th<< city near the
Tiber, of the Capitol, and especially of the
Palatine, which OOCUpies the central section
of the panorama, i-. of very considerable
inter*
The third paper was also read by Dr.
Ashby. It wa.^ a description, drawn up by
Mr. Thomas Ashby, sen., of some Italian
silver charms, more especially rimartUe,
sirens, and sea-horses, in bin own collection.
These < I i charms appear to ha\ <•
passed out of use only within the last thirt\
years, but are now not easy to procure.
The cimaruta, or sprig of rue, has been fully
dealt with by Giinther in a pajK-r in Folk-Ioref
vol. xvi. No. 2 (June 24th, 1905), p. 132 ;
while the siren and sea-horse are discussed
by Mr. Elworthy in his ' Evil Eye.' They
are all, there is little doubt, of pagan origin.
The cimaruta is as a rule a compound
charm, with several additional elements
attached to the original sprig of rue, which
is much modified in some specimens ; while
the siren and sea-horse are less liable to»
combination with other elements, though
specimens of a double sea-horse, with a
siren between, are known. All tliree papers-
were illustrated by lantern-slides.
3Fiiu-^.rt (Bossip.
The private view at tho New Gallery
takes place to-day.
Yesterday there was a private view at
the Dore Gallery of colour woodcuts, water-
colours, portraits, and landscapes by Mr.
T. Austen Brown, Mrs. E. C. Austen Brown.
Mrs. Martin White, and Mr. Carl Lindin, and
at I^eighton House there was a private view
of a collection of drawings and studies by
English artists. It is suggested that there i-
not at present any centre for a representative
show of such work.
To-day at the Baillie Gallery there is a
private view of pictures by living Scottish
painters, and water-colours of Venice and
elsewhere.
To-day also, at the Ryder Gallery, then-
i- a private view of oil paintings and studi- •-
in chalk of ' Cat and Dog Life,' by Mi-
Fanny Moody.
In Silver Street, Kensington, Mr. Bowleg
has open from to-day till May 12th ai
exhibition of oil paintings, water-colour.-,
pastels, drawings, and etchings by Mi-
Maxwell Armlield, and sculpture by Mi
Gaston Lachaise.
The members of the Twelve Club have
opened their exhibition of pictures and
sketches at the hall of the Alpine Club_
Mill Street. W., and it will Im« on view until
the 86th mst. The pictures consist chiefH
of landscapes in oil and water colour.
Next Tuesday we are invited to view
drawings and sketches by Mr. J. A. Shepherd
at the Rembrandt Gallery ; and at the
Fine-Art Society's rooms ' Oxford, Cam-
bridge, and the l\iblic Schools,' in old engrav-
ings and modern water-colours.
Messiis. D. Hkinkmans, of Munich, intend
to hold an Exhibition of German Art duringr
the season in the Grafton Galleries. It will
be opened on May 2nd, and virtually all the
N° 4095, April 21, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
491
artists belonging to the different Munich
schools will be represented. Meanwhile, at
the] same galleries, there is a Handicrafts
Exhibition, with demonstrations of various
forms of work, under the direction of Mrs.
•Charles Muller.
The death is announced of Auguste
Roubaud, the sculptor, in his seventy-eighth
year. He was a native of Cerdon (Ain),
studied under Duret and Flandrin, and
won medals at the Salons of 1865, 1866, and
1875. He was a prolific and conscientious
artist, and the lists of his works, both busts
and purely imaginative creations, is very
long. Many have been erected in public
places, or are in other ways well known — his
monument to Pope Urban IV., for instance,
at Chatillon-sur-Marne, his ' Tragedie et
Comedie ' at the Theatre des Celestins at
Lyons, his portrait of M. Beaumont, and
■especially his ' Joueur de Triangle,' which
figured at the Exposition Centennale de
I'Art Franeais of 1900. He was a constant
•exhibitor at the Salon up to and including
last year.
Messrs. Christie sold on the 11th inst.
Le Brun's picture of a lady, in blue dress
with powdered hair, for 1001. ; and a River
'Scene, with a village, boats, and figures, by
Van Goyen, for 105/.
We have on more than one occasion
referred to a famous retabh which, after
being exhibited at the Exposition des
Primitifs held in Paris in 1904, has now
passed into the Louvre. A curious discovery
as announced in connexion with this work,
which was painted for the " Collegiale de
Saint- Agricol " at Avignon, about the
middle of the fifteenth century. M. de
Mely has found on a miniature of a manu-
script at Aix - en - Provence the author's
mark which appears on the retable, the
figure of a little stork. In old French a
*cignone- is equivalent to the proper name of
Chugoniot.
MUSIC
IKnstral (Bossip.
Mr. Frowde will publish shortly before
Whitsuntide ' The English Hymnal,' in one
niusic edition and two editions with words
only. There will be a revision of tunes, and
many modern writers whose work is com-
paratively unfamiliar to churchgoers con-
tribute new hymns.
The programme of the Joachim Quartet
■concert on Monday includes three quartets :
Haydn in a, Op. 77, No. 1 ; Mozart in B flat
{Kochel, No. 589) ; and Schumann in a major.
Under the auspices of the New Bach
Society a committee has been formed in
Germany for the purpose of securing the
purchase of the house at Eisenach in which
-Johann Sebastian Bach was born, and the
■creation of a Bach Museum therein. Among
the members of this committee are Dr.
Joachim and Generalmusikdirector Fritz
Steinbach. A Bach concert in aid of the
purchase fund will be given at the vEolian
Hall on May 1st at 9 p.m., when the pro-
gramme will include the ' Brandenburg '
Concerto, No. 2 ; the Suite in b minor for
flute (Mr. Albert Fransella) and strings ;
the Chaconne for violin alone (Mrs. Edgar
Speyer) ; the cantata " Schlage doch,
gewiinschte Stunde," for contralto (Miss M.
Philippi) ; the recitative and aria " Ich
•ende behende mein irdisches Leben " (Mrs.
Henry Wood) ; and the humorous cantata
* Phoebus and Pan.' Mr. Henry J. Wood
will be the conductor. Contributions to the
fund, from any unable to attend the concert,
will be received by Messrs. Speyer Brothers,
7, Lothbury, E.C.
A festival devoted to Beethoven and
Berlioz was announced to begin in Paris
yesterday, the remaining dates being
April 23rd, 25th, 27th, 29th, and May 1st.
Most of the concerts are to be given at the
Chatelet Theatre, the others at the Opera.
The choir of the Amsterdam Oratorio Society,
which is to take part in the ' Choral ' Sym-
phony and in Berlioz's ' Faust,' as well as the
Lamoureux Orchestra, will be under the
direction of Herr Felix Weingartner.
There is to be a Hugo Wolf Festival at
Stuttgart from the 4th to the 8th of October.
The comprehensive scheme includes choral
and orchestral works, chamber music, songs,
and the opera ' Der Corregidor.'
Dr. Friedrich Hegar, who went to
Zurich in 1863, and who from that time
onwards has taken an active part in the
musical life of that city, has resigned the
post of conductor of the Tonhalle Concerts,
which he held (and with marked success)
for about forty years. His last appearance
was on the 3rd inst., and after the concert
a farewell banquet was given in his honour.
Dr. Hegar has been director of the Zurich
School of Music since 1876, a post which he
still retains.
The Russian composer A. C. Glazounoff
has been appointed director of the St. Peters-
burg Conservatoire.
Signor Leoncavallo, accompanied by
the orchestra of La Scala, will give perform-
ances of his operas in the United States and
Canada during October and November.
Messrs. Breitkopf & Hartel have just
published the second volume of Berthold
Litzmann's ' Clara Schumann.' The first
volume, reviewed in these columns, was
interesting, and the new one, beginning
with the wedded life of Robert and Clara
Schumann, is certain to be of equal, if not
greater interest.
For the first time a musical festival is to
be held at Baden-Baden, from June 9th to
11th. One of the tliree programmes will be
entirely devoted to Beethoven ; while the
others will include works by Weber, Liszt,
Wagner, Brahms, Strauss, and Humper-
dinck. The conductors named are the
municipal capellmeister Paul Hein and the
music director Beines, while Herr Strauss,
as guest, will probably conduct only his own
music.
The Mozart festival performances will be
given at the Residenz Theater, Munich, as
follows : ' Don Giovanni,' August 2nd and
8th ; ' Figaro,' August 4th and 10th ; and
' Cosi fan tutte,' August 6th and 12th.
The dates of the Wagner festival plays
at the Prinzregonten Theater will be : ' Die
Meistersinger,' August 13th, 16th, 25th,
28th, and September 6th ; ' Tannhiiuser,'
August 14th, 26th, and September 7th ;
and the two cycles of the ' Ring,' August 18th,
19th, 21st, and 22nd, and August 31st,
September 1st, 3rd, and 4th. The conductors
will be MM. Felix Mottl and Franz Fischer.
It was through the influence of Princess
Metternich, whose death is announced, that
1 Tannhauser ' was produced at Paris in
1861. In a letter addressed to her, dated
Paris, November 12th, 1860, Wagner speaks
of looking forward, thanks to her patronage,
to a performance, in many points ideal, of
his opera.
The Revue Muaicale recently published
for the first time two letters of Berliog
written soon after his arrival in Italy. In
one he describes Naples. " There is not,"
he says,
" that phantom of greatness which darkens the
face of Rome, and which covers, as with a veil,
the desolate plains which surround it. Here are
no arid, ruin-crowned hills, on which the dreamer
rests in order to hear from afar the solemn song of
the bells of St. Peter; here there is no interminable
campagna without either tree or building ; but
here there are Vesuvius, a grand sea, bewitching
islands, a bay with memories of Virgil, and these
at any rate, please me quite as muoh as the dust
of graves and ashes of emperors."
The first April numb?r of Die Musik is a
Liszt-Heft. La Mara contributes an inter-
esting letter from Adam Liszt to Czerny,
with whom his son had studied. The letter,
dated Paris, March 20th, 1824, gives a
detailed account of young Liszt's wonderful
triumphs in Paris. There are also letters
from Czerny to the father. In one he remarks
that the gifted boy should appear at Vienna ;
a favourable verdict there would, he says,
be recognized all over the world. And then
he mentions what Herr von Zmeskall —
Beethoven's old friend — recently declared,
viz., that " the spirit of Mozart, Haydn, and
Beethoven, and of many others, who dwelt
within our walls, had so refined public taste
for the art, that not even the most stubborn
' Rossinismus ' could spoil it."
M. Herold, says Le Menestrel of the 15th
inst., has been appointed viola player in
the Bohemian Quartet in place of M. Oskar
Nedbal, who appears suddenly to have-
left the city of Prague without any inten-
tion of returning. In addition to being a
member of the above-mentioned quartet,
he was director of the Prague Philharmonic
Societv.
FERKORMAXCKS NEXT WEFJC.
Sunday Society Concert, 3.30, Queen's Hall.
Sunday League Concert, 7. Queen'i Hall.
Joachim Committee Concert, s, Bochstein Hall.
I^mdun Symphony Orchestra, C. Queen's Hall
Subscription Concert, 8.30, .Eolian Hall.
Mr. Bratetzou l»wther's Vocal Recital. S, Beclistein Hall
Queen's Hall Orchestra, 9, Queen's Hall.
Misses Hook's Concert, 3, Steinway Hall.
Tuih«. Joachim Committee Concert, H. Bechsteln Hall.
Fiu. Miss Alice Clifton's First VocU Recital. S. Bechstein Hall
Sat. Joiichini Committee Concert, 3. Queen'B Hall.
Six.
Mox.
Ti-es.
W»n
DRAMA
THE WEEK.
Garrick. — The Merchant of Venice.
Amidst a list of novelties which Easter-
tide brings with it at the theatres, the
Garrick contents itself with a revival of
the famous Shakspearean production of
' The Merchant of Venice.' Still fresh in
public memory is that brilliant representa-
tion, the final previous performance of
which dates back to last October, when
it was given witli a cast virtually the
same as it now again receives. From the
first the rendering, which is bv Mr.
Bourchicr himself, extorted commendation.
The reading of the central character by
Mr. Bourchier was intelligent and effective.
Its chief defect was excess of deliberation,
and consequently an impression of length.
That impression disappears now that less
time is wasted on spectacular or rhetorical
pauses. The general treatment of the
subject is discreet and reverent. It is
free from Daly-like suggestions of equeam-
ishness and prudery such as marred some
otherwise excellent American representa-
tions. Separate conceptions were defen-
sible, and some of them were fine. Shylock
492
THE ATHENAEUM
NM095, April 21, 1906
is servile and malignant ; but can he well
be anything else ? No attempt is made
to win for him our sympathy, nor is there
any point at which, according to modern
heresy, the character deepens into tragedy.
Sympathy is accorded him as we should
bestow it upon a wild animal caught in a
trap. Another fine and judicious per-
formance is the Portia of Mies Violet
Vanbrugh, which to its inherent charm
adds a full measure of romance. Miss
Elfrida Clement repeats an excellent and
poetical rendering of Jessica. Mr. Nor-
man Forbes reappears as Launcelot Gobbo,
a part which, like other Shakspearean
clowns, he has made wholly his own.
Most of the characters are well played.
There is room, however, for more inspired
utterance.
Lyric. — Markheim : a Play in One Act.
By W. L. Courtney from a Story by
R. L. Stevenson.
' Markheim,' a gruesome story by Steven-
son, provides, in a dramatic rendering
by Mr. W. L. Courtney at the Lyric
Theatre, a lever de rideau which has all
claims to rank as a satisfactory accom-
plishment. The tale is one of the half
dozen grim works included under the
strangely selected, and in a conventional
sense inappropriate, title of ' The Merry
Men.' detached stories of which the best
known and the most appalling is ' Thrawn
Janet.' Each of them has its separate
horror, and ' Markheim ' need vail its
bonnet to few. It depicts the murder,
on a peaceful holiday afternoon, of a
dealer in curiosities. In itself the crime
is abject and sordid. It is committed by
one, however, not wholly base ; witness
his action in presence of the " affable
familiar " Death, who in this, as in other
of the stories of the same collection, plays
the part at once of chorus and of conscience,
and in a way lightens a denouement neces-
sarily fatal. Mr. Courtney's treatment of
this curious piece is skilful, and the whole
supplies Mr. Irving with a powerful and
original subject.
Bramatir dosstp.
Enough of romance attaches to the
legend that brings, as the result of an elope-
ment between Dorothy Vernon, the subject of
the fine monument in the Vernon Chapel at
Bakewell, and Sir John Manners, the union
between the family estates, to render the
whole a pleasing love story which contains
no inherent improbability. With the action
of this, which now passes between Mr. Fred
Terry and Miss Julia Neilson, Messrs. Paul
Kester and diaries Major have in ' Dorothy
o' the Hall,' produced last Saturday at the
New Theatre, mingled — injudiciously and
superfluously, it may be held — a quasi-
historic interest which brings on the scene
Queen Elizabeth and Mary, Queen of Scots,
converting thus into an improbable romanco
a delightful emanation of young love. As
Sir John Manners Mr. Terry plays with the
buoyant humour in which he is unsurpassed.
When she forgets her airs of babyish sim-
plicity and is natural, Miss Neilson acluoves
her customary triumph.
' The Second in Command,' by Capt.
Marshall, was duly produced at the Waldorf
on Saturday, Mr. Cyril Maude reappearing
in his groat part of Major Bingham, while
Mr. Eille Norwood is seen aa Col. Anstruthcr.
The revival has much interest, and is re-
ceived with great and well-earned favour.
The idea of reviving at the Garrick
' Monsieur de Paris,' once or twice postponed,
has been definitely abandoned.
' Capt. Bbassbound's Conversion ' was
transferred to the evening bill on Monday
night at the Court Theatre.
The " Commemoration Programme " of
the London Shakespeare League promises
an interesting series of gatherings. On
Monday (Shakspeare Day) the members
meet for " Shakspeare Songs," and on
May 9th there is to be a reception by the
Lord Mayor ; while the intervening fixtures
include performances of ' Love's Labour 's
Lost ' by the English Drama Society, a
recital of ' Richard II.,' and an address by
John Oliver Hobbes. On May 5th an
" Educational Conference " will be held at
University College. A ramble to " places
of Shakspearean interest in London " is
planned ; and there is to be an " exhibition
of Shakspeareana " at the British Museum.
A performance of Mr.;. Swinburne's
* Atalanta in Calydon ' is being organized by
Miss Elsie Fogerty for the benefit of the fund
to procure a new site and building for the
Bedford College for Women. The perform-
ance will take place on June 11th at the
Scala Theatre, Charlotte Street, Tottenham
Court Road, and will be the first presenta-
tion of the ' Atalanta ' in public.
To Correspondents.— D. M.— K.— W. R. M.— Received.
M. D. — Next week.
A. H. — Many thanks.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
We cannot undertake to reply to inquiries concerning the
appearance of reviews of books.
T
HE ATHENAEUM,
PRICE THREEPENCE,
Is |mbll»hed every FRIDAY in time for the Afternoon Malls. Terms
of 8nl>scril>tion, free lij lout to nil |>:irtR of the United Kinitiloin : Fin
Six .Months. 7*. tkl. ; for Tw.-lve Month*. 13*. 2d. For the Continent
sn.l all nlnceg within the 1'ostal Union: For Six Months. !>*. ; tor
Twelve MontliB, 18*., commencing from iiny ilate, jHtvable in advance t<"
JOHN C FRANCIS,
Athen:eum Office. Firenm'g Buildings. Ch-incery Lane. I on don. E.G.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Page
Authors' Agents 4%
Autotype Co. 466
Bagster & Sons 494
Bell & Sons 492
Cambridge University Press 467
Cassell & Co 468
Catalogues 466
Dent & Co 470
Duckworth & Co 493
Educational 466
Exhibitions 465
Financial Review 405
Hurst & Blackett 470
Lectures 465
Sampson Low, Marston A Co .. ..494
Macmillan & Co 470
Magazines, &c 495
Miscellaneous 466
Newspaper Agents 466
Notes and Queribs 494
Oxford University Press 469
Putnam 496
Sales by Auction 466
Situations Vacant 465
Situations Wanted 466
Societies 465
Surgical Aid Society 404
Tyve-writers 466
Wells Gardner 495
MESSRS. BELLS
B O O K 8.
CATALOGUES SENT POST FREE
ON APPLICATION.
SIXTH AND CHEAPER EDITION.
With a New Preface, demy 8vo, 8#. ML net
HENRY Vm. AND THE ENGLISH
MONASTERIES. By the Right Rer. ABBOT
GASQUET, D.D. O.S.B.
Demy 8vo, 12*. net.
HENRY m. AND THE CHURCH :
a Study of his Ecclesiastical Policy and of the Relations
between England and Rome. By the Right Rev.
ABBOT GASO.UET, D.D. O.S.B.
" A trustworthy contribution to the story of this long
reign on the very points upon which most historians are
either silent or provokingly brief." — AtAeiuemtn.
NEW EDITION, 6*. net
THE EVE OF THE REF0RMA-
TTON. Studies in the Religious Life and Thought of
the English People in the Period preceding the Rejec-
tion of the Romish Jurisdiction by Henry VIIL By
the Right Rev. ABBOT GASQUKT, D.D. O.S.R
" We can only rejoice that this cheap reissue of one of
the most " valuable contributions (as common consent has
proclaimed it) to the history of the great religious change-
in the sixteenth century will spread the light among
numerous readers to whom it has hitherto been unknown.
Of such historians as Abbot Gasquet the cause of historic
truth can never have too many."— Pall Mali Gazette.
NEW VOLUMES OP
BOHN'8 8TANDAHD LIBRARY.
Post 8vo, 3& 6r7. each.
HAZLITTTS VIEW OF THE
ENGLISH STAGE ; or, a Series of Dramatic Criticisms,
Edited by W. SPENCER JACKSON.
EMERSON'S WORKS. A New
Edition, in 5vol&, with the Text Edited and Collated by
GEORGE SAMPSON.
SECOND EDITION, REVISED.
Post 8vo, Is. 6d. net.
THE LOGIC OF VEGETARIANISM.
Essays and Dialogues. By HENRY S. SALT.
Post Svo, 6c. net,
STUDIES IN POETRY AND
CRTTICLSM. By J. CHURTON COLLINS.
Contents. — The Poetry and Poets of America — The Col
lected Works of Lord Byron — The Collected Poems of
William Watson— The Poetry of Mr. Gerald Massey—
Miltonic Myths and their Authors— Longinus and Greek
Criticism— The True Functions of Poetry,
Crown svo, 4s. 6d. net.
BROWNING AND DOGMA. Being
Seven Lectures on Browning's Attitude to Dogmatic
Theology. By ETHEL M. NAISH.
These Lectures are based on the following works of
Browning : — Caliban upon Setebos — Cleon— Bishop Blou-
gram's Apology — Christmas Eve and Easter Day — La
Saisiaz.
" Browning Christianity seems to us very well and wisely
denned in an interestiug and scholarly book." — Academy.
THE YORK LIBRARY.
A NEW SERIES OF REPRINTS ON THIN PAPER.
Small Svo, 2*. net in cloth, and 3*. net in leather.
NEW VOLUMES.
PLUTARCH'S LIVES. Translated,
with Notes and a Life, by AUBREY STEWART, M.A..
and GEORGE LONG, M.A. Vol. L
HAWTHORNE'S
TION (The Marble Faun).
TRANSFORMA-
London: GEORGE BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
NM095, April 21, 1906
THE ATHENJEUM
493
DUCKWORTH & CO.'S NEW BOOKS.
READY IN MAY. NEW NOVEL BY ELINOR GLYN,
AUTHOR OF ' THE VISITS OF ELIZABETH.'
BEYOND THE ROCKS: a Love Story.
Crown 8vo, 6*.
A NOBLE EPIC ON THE BEGINNINGS OF BRITAIN.
THE DAWN IN BRITAIN.
By CHARLES M. DOUGHTY, Author of 'Travels in Arabia Deserta.' 2 vols, crown 8vo, is. &Z. net each.
I. A WVW KPIC "
"TO THK TRUE READERS the book may be very confidently recommended."
" Here is a projection of life calculated to give pleasure to such men as may be of good-will." — Tribune.
"Much interest and expectation have been roused by the announcement of 'The Dawn in Britain,' by the author of ' Travels in Arabia Deserta,' perhaps the most eloquent and
characteristic book written in English prose for at least a generation." — British Weekly.
"There is no history like it, except in the best of LIVY. In poetry it reminds us of the .^NEID. If we may hazard a somewhat sacrilegious guess, only MILTON'S Arthurian
poem could have equalled this. Of its great movement we can give no idea. MALORY'S largeness and unconsciousness. DRAYTON'S loving and ambitious patriotism. It has a
pre-Raphaelite strangeness and truth for which we can And no parallel except in the best of MORRIS. Variety, dignity, and perfect harmony. A noble English epic." — Daily Chronicle.
BT H. BELLOC, M.P.
ESTO PERFETUA: Algerian Studies and Impressions.
BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE PATH TO ROME.'
illustrated by 45 Drawings and Coloured Frontispiece by the Author. 5s. net.
" Highly picturesque and suggestive. There are many amusing things, and queer, gravely told stories, in the style of 'The Path to Rome.' Full of a certain fine quality. It is a
prose poem. Eloquent and lucid. "—Daily Kews.
" Unconventional and romantic. Impressive and significant." — Standard.
THE NOVEL OF THE DAY.
"THE SUCCESS OF MR. TEMPLE THURSTON'S NOYEL IS ASSURED."
TRAFFIC. The Story of a Faithful Woman.
By E. TEMPLE THURSTON. Etched Frontispiece. 452 pp., 6s.
No recent novel has called forth such conflicting criticism. On one hand great appreciation and sincere approval, on the other severe strictures for what is deemed unnecessary
realism. All, however, single it out as a novel of very great interest.
"A thoughtful, serious, and notable achievement." — Daily Chronicle.
"A strong piece of work, suggestive and provocative of thought." — Daily Mail.
"Admirably done, and much independence of thought and feeling." — Dailu News.
Rea<l this Extract from a Review in the PALL MALL GAZETTE .—
"The reviewer has started 'Traffic,' and been so held by it that he has read it at a sitting. IT IS ONE OF THE MOST VIVID STORIES WRITTEN DURING THE PAST
DECADE— a masterly delineation. The characters are built up with a thousand felicitous touches ; while for those who like 'local colour' there is plenty Must remain in tbe reader's
mind. The author need fear no comparison now with his wife's well-known achievements."
THE AMBUSH OF YOUNG DAYS. By Rosamond i LADS OF THE FANCY. By George Bartram. Crown
LANQBRIDGE. Crown 8vo, 6e. 8vo, 6s.
"A sturdy, full-blooded style. The spirit of health and adventure breathes into the
"Brilliantly done. Convincing and entertaining. Miss Langbridge has written a very story a virile charm. Suggests the fresh air, the smell of earth, and the open road."
t of the matter is in her."— Manchester Guardian. "Decidedly out of the common."— Yorkshire Post. Tribune.
"Qdite out of the ordinary run."— Academy.
" Brilliantly done. Convi
interesting book, and the root
THE MUSEUMS AND RUINS OF ROME.
By WALTER AMELUNG and H. HOLTZINGER. Map, Plans, and 270 Illustrations. Edited by Mrs. ARTHUR STRONG. 2 vols. 10s. net.
Review by Mr. Herbert Paul in the TRIBUTE.— "As good a book of its kind as could well be imagined. Erudite without being pedantic. Easy to hold and attractive to
the eye. Hlustrated with excellent photographs. One puts them down with mingled feelings of admiration for what they have achieved and wonder at the riches they cannot exhaust.''
" Has long been wanted. There has been nothing quite like Amelung and Holtzinger, and not only visitors, but students should be grateful."
"These little books are without their match." — Academy.
RAMBLES IN NORMANDY. By Francis Miltoun,
Author of 'Cathedrals of Northern France.' With very many Illustrations from
Drawings and Sketches by BLANCHE McMANUS. 9 Maps, square crown Svo,
6*. net.
RAMBLES IN BRITTANY. By Francis Miltoun.
Illustrated by BLANCHE McMANUS. Uniform with ' Normandy.' 6s. net
By A. J.
ENGLISH WATER-COLOUR PAINTERS.
FINBERO. 50 niustrations, cloth, 2s. net ; leather, 2s. 6tf. net
Rased chiefly on examples easily accessible. A popular guide to public collections in
London.
NEW VOLUME IN " THE SAINTS " SERIES.
SAINT MARY THE VIRGIN. Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 3s.
POEMS BY T. STURGE MOORE.
Now Collected in One Volume. Bound in linen, square crown 8vo, 6*\ net.
THK CENTAUR'S BOOTY— THE ROUT OF THK AMAZONS— THK GAZELLES— PAN'S PROPHECY— TO LEBA— THESEUS, and other Ode.s.
"This is a poet who has put into his art that fundamental brainwork of which Rossetti spoke. His pictures are beautiful and new We shall take this insight and this humour
with us aU day, and be the stronger for it." — Monthly Review.
IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT.
NEW VOLUME IN THE LIBRARY OF ART-THE "RED 8ERIE8."-Fott 4to, 48 illustration*, 7 o. <w. not.
THE SCOTTISH SCHOOL OF PAINTING.
By WILLIAM D. McKAY, R.S.A., Librarian to the Royal Scottish Academy.
After giving an account of the precursors of the Scottish School of Painting, 1588 to 1798, the author treats of the art of Raeburn and Wilkie, the founders of the Scottish School as
such at considerable length, and traces their influence through their followers. Wilkie's contemporaries an considered separately ; and the rise and development of Northern Land-
scape. The young men of tho forties are dealt with later on ; and the last part of the book i« devoted to a survey of later development**.
READY IN MAY. ORDER IT A'OW. FULL PROSPECTUS SENT TO A\Y ADDRESS.
DUCKWORTH & CO. 3, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
45)4
THE ATHENjEUM
N°4095, April 21, 1906
NOTES AND QUERIES.
GENERAL INDEXE8.
THE FOLLOWING A UK STILL / \
STOCK :—
ii e. d.
GENERAL INDEX,
FOURTH SERIES ..330
•GENERAL INDEX,
SIXTH SERIES ..060
GENERAL INDEX,
SEVENTH SERIES ..060
•GENERAL INDEX,
EIGHTH SERIES .060
For Copies by post an additional Three-
;pence is charged.
JOHN C. FRANCIS & J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
Notes and Querits Office, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
JSTOW READY.
Price 10s. Qd. net.
• THE
NINTH SERIES
GENERAL INDEX
OF
NOTES AND QUERIES.
With Introduction by
JOSEPH KNIGHT, F.S.A.
This Lidex is double the size of previous ones, as
it contains, in addition to the usual Index of
Subjects, the Names and Pseudonyms of Writers,
with a List of their Contributions. The number of
constant Contributors exceeds eleven hundred.
The Publishers reserve the right of increasing the
price of the volume at any time. The Dumber
printed is limited, and the type has been
•distributed.
Free by post, 10«. 1LZ.
JOHN C. FRANCIS k J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
Xotte and Qutries Office, Bream's Buildingi, E.C.
THE SURGICAL AID SOCIETY.
Chief Offices- SALLSIiUR Y SQUARE, FLEET STREET, E.C.
Telephone No.: 12282 CENTRAL.
Patron-HIS: MAJESTY THE KING.
This Society was established in 18G2 to supply Leg Instruments. Spinal Supports,
Trusses, Elastic Stockings, Artificial Limbs, &c, and every other description <f
Mechanical Support, to the Poor.
OVER 440 PATIENTS ARE RELIEVED EVERY WEEK.
CONTRIBUTIONS EARNE8TLY SOLICITED.
Annual Subscription Of £0 10 6 ) Entitles to Two Recommendation*
Life Subscription Of 5 5 0 J per Annum.
Bankers — Messrs. Barclay <fc Co., Ltd., 54, Loml«ud Street.
RICHARD C. TRESIDDER, Secretary.
TENTH EDITION, price Two Shillings.
CELESTIAL MOTIONS:
A Handy Book of Astronomy.
Tenth Edition. With 3 Plates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.,
Associate of King's College, London ; Lay Reader in the Diocese of Southwark,
Author of ' Remarkable Comets,' ' Remarkable Eclipses,' ' Astronomy for the Young,' &c.
" Well known as one of our best introductions to astrononry." — Guardian.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
EIGHTH EDITION, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
REMARKABLE ECLIPSES:
A Sketch of the most interesting Circumstances connected with the
Observation of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, both in Ancient and Modern Times.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
THIRTEENTH EDITION, JUST OUT, price Sixpence, cloth.
REMARKABLE COMETS:
A Brief Survey of the most interesting Facts in the History of Cometary
Astronomy.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
FOURTH EDITION, Revised to 1905, NOW READY, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
ASTRONOMY FOR THE YOUNG.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limitkd, 15, Paternoster Row.
NEXT WEEK'S ATHENffiUM wiU contain
a Review of M. F. B ABBEY' 8 A FBIEND
OF MARIE ANTOINETTE, and an Article
by Dr. J. NORMAN COLLIE on STEREO-
ISOMERISM.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
N°4095, April 21, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
495
iKasa|twa, &t.
No. 26, APRIL, 1(W>-
THE LIBRARY.
A Quarterly Review of Bibliography and Library Lore.
Price 3a. net. or 10s. 6rf. per annum.
Contents for APRIL.
NOTES AND ADDITIONS TO THE CENSUS OF COPIES OF THE
SHAKESPEARE FIRST FOLIO. Sidney Lee.
IMPRESAS. O. F. Barwick.
THE PRINTERS OF SHAKESPEARES PLAYS AND POEMS.
8HAKESPKARK LITERATURE, 1901-1903. An Annotated List of
the chief English and Foreign Books. Arundell Esdaile.
SHAKESPEARE AND THE MUNICIPAL LIBRARIES With *
List of the Books and Editions suitable for Libraries of different
Site. John Ballinger.
TWO REVIEWS :—
1. THE CAMBRIDGE BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER. W. W.
Greg.
2. THE FACSIMILE OF SHAKESPEARE'S P0EM3 AND
PERICLES. W. W. Greg.
RECENT FOREIGN LITERATURE. Elizabeth Lee.
ALEXANDER MORING. Lti>., :». George Street. Hanoyer Square. W.
JUST PUBLISHED.
PROF. E. BABELON.— MANUAL OF
ORIENTAL ANTIQUITIES, including the Architecture,
Sculpture, and Industrial Arts of Chaldn>a, Assyria. Persia. Syria.
Judwa, Phoenicia, and Carthage. By ERNEST BABKLON. Librarian
of the Department of Medals and Antiques in the Bibliotheque
Nationale, Paris. With 241 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth extra,
gilt top, 7s. 6J. net.
London. W.C. : H. GREVEL & CO.
NEW VOLUME OF ESSAYS BY THE AUTHOR OF
•OBITER DICTA.'
In square crown 8to, appropriately bound, 5s. net.
TN THE NAME OF THE BODLEIAN,
X. AND OTHER ESSAYS.
By the Right Hon. AUGUSTINE BIRRELL,
Honorary Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge.
" These delightful essays possess all the characteristics which have
given their author a special place in modern literary criticism.''
Daily News.
" Mr. Birrell delights us on every page when he comes before us as
MSarist. ' In the Name of the Bodleian ' is a worthy companion to
• (il. iter Dicta.' "—Daily Telegraph.
WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
CHEAP AND UNIFORM EDITION', 2*. 6cf. each ; also ORIGINAL
EDITIONS, 5s. each.
OBITER DICTA.
OBITER DICTA. Second Series.
RES JUDICATA.
ESSAYS ABOUT MEN, WOMEN, AND BOOKS.
In fcap. 8vo, cloth, 5s. SECOND EDITION.
MISCELLANIES.
LIBRARY EDITION, in 2 vols, crown 8vo, bound in cloth, 12s.
COLLECTED ESSAYS.
Vol. II. contains :—
M KN, WOMEN, AND BOOKS.
RES JUDICATA.
Vol. I. contains : —
OBITER PR TA. Series I.
OBITER DICTA. Series II.
ELLIOT STOCK. 62, Paternoster Row, London, E.f '.
THE BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine Street,
London. W.C, April 21, contains :—
In the Abruzzi [with Sketches) ; The State of Winchester Cathedral ;
A Diwussion on Ferro-Concrete (Architectural Association; ; The
Crystal Pabue School of Engineering; Mathematical Data for Archi-
tects (Student's Columni ; Fountain at Viterbo; Ballumbie House,
Forfarshire; " Redhcugh." Sutton Valence, Kent; Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Exhibition Hall and Offices: Sculpture Panel.
"Music." Ac— From Office as above (4of. ; by lost, 4Jtf.l ; or through
any Newsagent.
A BOUT 2,000 BOOKS WANTED are advertised
^ \ for weekly in THE PUBLISHERS' Clltci'LAR AND BOOK-
BELLKK8' RECORD [established i-::7', which also gives Lists of the
New Books published daring the Week, Announcements of New
Books, fee. Subscribers have the privilege of n Free Advertisement
for Four liooks Wanted Weekly. Sent for 82 weeks, post free, for
B». M. Home and lis. Foreign Subscription. Price Threellaltpcnce
Weekly.— Office : St. Duustan's House, Fetter Lane. London.
T
EACHERS' SCRIPTURAL LIBRARY.
Price Sixpence each net.
By W. T. LYNN. B.A. F.R.A.S.
1. BRIEF LESSONS ON THE PARABLES AND
MIKACLEH OF OUR LORD. The First Part contains short
Expositions of tin- Parables, arranged according to Date ; in the
Second, the Miracles are treated under the heads of the Regions
in which they were wrought. With Two Illustrations.
2. EMINENT SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS:
a Series of Biographical Studies in the Old and New Testaments.
Illustrated t>T Six Viewsof Biblical Scenes, which will, it is hoped,
be found useful to all who are interested in the study of the Holy
Scripture.
Published by 8TONEMAN. 29, Paternoster Square, EC.
^.trtljors' £g*nts.
rpHE AUTHORS AfJKNCY. -Established 1879.
i. . i -V" ,"trr,:"u ,0,,A"u,".r" c»p«.bly represented. Agreements for
PuUl.hm, arranged. Ms* placed with Publishers.-Terms and Test!.
Menials on application to Mr. A. M. BUKOUK8.M, Paternoster Hew
T>ATH. -EXCEPTIONAL OFFER for remainder
i .■ **??■ ri!}'."n. Months fOptlon of renewal of tenanrv at
"Piratton of Lay if desired). To LET, UNFURNISHED HO&SK
thoroughly well decorated ! throughout, nil modem appliances Three"
ICTcTho^bIIo "" ' *' «- "r "* offer. -A^y
THE
FINANCIAL
REVIEW OF
REVIEWS
The Largest and most Authori-
tative Financial Review of the
Day, numbering among its
Literary Contributors States-
men and many Eminent
Writers, and forming a Com-
plete Survey of the Month's
Financial Events.
APRIL CONTENTS
Include, among other Articles,
Contributions by
THE RIGHT HON.
SIR CHARLES DILKE, P.O., M.P.,
ON
♦FINANCE IN THE NEW
PARLIAMENT,*
AND
MR. J. KEIR HARDIE, M.P.,
ON
'A LABOUR BUDGET.'
FBOM
THE FINANCIAL REVIEW
OF REVIEWS consists each
month of 240 pp. of Literary and
Statistical Matter, and is of the
greatest interest to the Investor,
but not to the Speculator.
The APRIL ISSUE will be sent POST
FREE to ANY ADDRESS for ONE
SHILLING on application to
THK PUBLISHER,
2, WATERLOO PLACK, S.W.
Or it can be obtained of all leading Bookstalls and
Booksellera throughout the country.
WELLS GARDNER, DARTON & CO.'S
L I 8 T.
NEW WORK BY THE BISHOP OF LONDON.
THE GOSPEL IN ACTION. By the
Right Rev. A. F. WINNINGTON-INGRAM, DD
Bishop of London. S36 pp. cloth, Zs. 6d.
This New Volume Ls grouped under the following heads :—
THE WEST-END MISSION.
ADDRESSES TO MEN
ADDRESSES TO WOMEN AND GIRLS
SERMONS ON SPECIAL OCCASIONS
THE
INFLUENCE OP CHRISTIANITY
^°rrNu^TJ-(?.XAL CHARACTER ILLUSTRATED
BY THE LI\ ES AND LEGENDS OE THE ENG-
LISH SAINTS. The Bampton Lectures for 1904. Bt
the Rev. W. H. HUTTON, B.'D., Fellow, Tutor, and
Precentor of St. John's College, Oxford. Demy 8vo
cloth hoards, gilt top, 12*. 6rf. net.
"This book may do for the modern generation of English
Churchmen what Newman hoped to do with the ' Lives oi
the English Saints ' in 1843."— Pall Mall Gazette
EDITED BY THE REY. B. J. KIDD.
SELECTED LETTERS OP THE
LATE WILLIAM BRIGHT, D.D., Canon of Christ
Church, Oxford. Edited by the Rev. B. J. KIDD
D.D., Keble College ; Tutor of Non-Collegiate Students!
and Lecturer in Theology at Pembroke College, Oxford.
With an Introductory Memoir by the Rev. P. G
MEDD, M.A., formerly Fellow and Tutor of University
College, Oxford. Demy 8vo, cloth boards, 10,«. 6rf. net.
" In his own subject he was unrivalled. He was sure to
know all that there was to be known, and not less sure to
give his judgment with absolute honesty and simplicity.
These letters have a special interest, for they touch on
various subjects of the present-day controversy, and they
are the work of a typical man."— Spec tator.
THE XXXIX. ARTICLES AND THE
AGE OF THE REFORMATION. An Historical and
Doctrinal Exposition in the Light of Contemporary
Documents. By the Rev. E. TYRRELL GREEN M A
Professor of Theology and Hebrew, St. David's College'
Lampeter, sometime Scholar of St. John's College'
Oxford. Demy 8vo, cloth boards, 10*. Crf.
" The work, moreover, occasionally introduces mediaeval
customs and ceremonies not generaHv known The
student of Anglican divinity will find in this volume much
valuable information not to be found in similar treatises."
Mom ing Post.
THE LIFE OP THE WAITING SOUL
IN THE INTERMEDIATE STATE. Addresses
delivered at Holy Trinity, Ha-stings. By the Rev
R. E. SANDERSON, D.D., Canon-Residentiary of
Chichester. Fcap. 8ro, cloth, 2s. 6rf. [Fifth Edition.
"Plain, thoughtful, earnest, and catholic, declaring all
that is known or that may reasonably be held and the
plain man who wants to know what he may safely believe
on the state of the wailing souls and our relation to there
has here all that he needs." — Church Times.
FOURTEEN EDITIONS OF THIS BOOK HAVE NOW
BEEN ISSUED, FOUR IN ENGLAND, EIGHT LV
AISTRALIA, AND TWO IN THE UNITED
STATES.
THE POWER OP WOMANHOOD;
or, Mothers and Sons. A Book for Parents and those
in loco parent is. By ELLICK HOPKINS. Crown 8vo,
cloth boards, 8& 6rf.
"If we can persuade the mothers who see this notice to
read Miss Ellice Hopkins's own words in this wise and
earnest book, we shall be content to leave the issue in their
hands." — Guardian.
THIRD EDITION.
THE
LAW OF CHURCHWARDENS
AND SIDESMEN IN THE TWENTIETH
CENTURY.
By P. V. SMITH, LL.I).,
BarrisU-r -at -Law, Chancellor of the Diocese of Manchester.
Cloth boards, 2*. net. (Postage, 3d. extra.)
" We have discovered no book which so concisely, accu-
rately, and conveniently gives what is wanted."
School Guardian.
"Excellent, nn indispensable pos.ses.sion for nil who are
called t<> the office of churchwarden." -Church Times.
London: WELLS i'ARDNKR, DARTON* * CO.,
Limitkh, 8| Paternoster Buildings, E.C.,
and 44, Victoria Street, S.W.
490
THE ATHENiEUM
N°409o, April 21, 1906
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS^ ANNOUNCEMENTS
LIFE IN THE OPEN:
Sport with Rod, Gnn, Horse, and Hound in Southern California.
]Jy CHARLES FREDERICK HOLDER,
Author of ' Life of Charles Dai ■» in,' ' The Big Game Fishes,' • The Adventures of Toriiua,' &c.
With 93 Illustrations, 8vo, cloth extra, 15». net.
THE IDYLLIC AVON.
With Songs and Pictures of I IN THAME8LAND. Cruises and Rambles through
By JOHN HENBT GARRETT. SS^^S"}^ ^.ISf8 S*J ^JS^SSL^J3" ^ J?y HEN?T WELLINGTON
\\ ACK, F.R.G.S. With about 100 Illustrations from Photographs and a Map. 8vo,
cloth extra.
Mr. "Wack has written a book literally packed with the best historic and romantic
associations which adorn the story of the great little English river.
the River and its Neighbourhood, and 2 Maps
With 87 Illustrations. Svo, cloth extra.
An attractive account of the Midland river and of places on or near its banks, from its
mouth at Tewkesbury to above Stratfordon-Avon.
PHILIPPINE LIFE IN TOWN AND COUNTRY. By
JAMES A. LE ROY. Fully illustrated. Crown Svo, cloth extra, fix. net
Mr. Le Roy is eminently fitted to write on life in the Philippines. He was for several
years connected with the Department of the Interior in the Philippine Government, when he
made a special investigation of conditions in the islands. Since his return he has con-
tinued his studies, and is already known as an authority on the Philippines. His book
gives a full description of life among the native tribes, and also in the Spanish and
American communities.
ENIGMAS OF PSYCHICAL RESEARCH.
By JAMES H. HYSLOP,
Ph.D. LL.D., fonner Professor of Logic and Ethics at Columbia University,
Vice-President of the Society for Psychical Research,
Author of 'Science and a Future Life,' 'Problems of Philosophy,' &c.
Crown 8vo, cloth, fo.
PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY.
A Review of the Deleterious Effects of Town Life upon the Population of Great Britain, with Suggestions for their Arrest.
By JAMES CANTLIE, M.A. M.B. D.Ph.
With Preface by Sir LAUDER BRUNTON, M.D. D.Sc. LL.D. F.R.S., and a Foreword by Sir JAMES CRICHTON-BROWNE, M.D. LL.D. F.R.S.
Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6c/.
" A most original and suggestive book, which should be raid by all who regard their own health as belonging to the community."— Da % Chronicle.
THE SHOCK OF BATTLE. By Patrick Vaux, Author
of 'Thews of England.' Illustrated. Crown 3vo, 0*.
IN THE SHADOW OF THE ALAMO, and other
Texas Tales. By CLARA DRISCOLL, Author of 'The Girl of La Gloria,' Ac.
Illustrated by FLORENCE EAGAR. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6*.
A SWORD OF THE OLD FRONTIER. The Adventures of a French Officer in the Pontiac
Conspiracy. By RANDALL PARRISH. First Edition (English and American), 25,000 copies. Second Edition in the Press. With 4 Coloured Hlustrations by F. C. YOHN.
Crown Svo, cloth extra, &*.
' Mr. Parrish writes with colour and spirit, and his ingenuity in devising new variations in adventure is admirable." — Athenceum.
"A stirring tale."— Belfast Northern Whig.
THE LIFE OF GOETHE. By Albert Bielschowsky. Authorized Translation from the German.
By WILLIAM A. COOPER, Assistant Professor of German in the Leland Stanford, Junior, University. Illustrated. 3 vols, large Svo, cloth, gilt tops, 15*. net per Volume.
[Vol. I. ready, Vol. II. shortly.
" This first volume of Bielschowsky's ' Life of Goethe ' will whet the appetite for the two that are to follow." — Literary World.
" Bielschowsky's 'Life of Goethe ' admittedly stands in the first rank of existing biographies of the poet."— Manchester Guardian.
LOUIS XIV. AND LA GRANDE MADEMOISELLE.
By ARVEDE BARINE. Authorized English Version. Illustrated. 8vo, cloth
extra, in box, 12*. 6J. (Uniform with "The Youth of La Grande Mademoiselle.')
" It is entertaining in the vivid picture it gives of the times." — Manchester Guardian.
" The work shows literary qualities of a high order, and a clearness of judgment and
orderly marshalling of facts which cannot be too freely praised."— Sheffield Daily Telegraph.
THE CHOICE OF BOOKS. By Charles F. Richardson,
Professor of English in Dartmouth College, Author of 'A History of American
Literature,' &c. To which has been added SUGGESTIONS FOR LIBRARIES.
Selected Lists of Books of Reference, History, Biogiaphy, and Literature, with the
best Current Editions, Notes, and the Prices given. New and Revised Edition.
Crown Svo, cloth extra, 5«. net.
CLASSIFIED QUOTATIONS.
■Compiled for General Reference, and also as aids in making up Lists of Toasts, and in the
Preparation of the After-Dinner Speech and Occasional Addresses. Together with
Suggestions concerning the Menu and other Details connected with the proper Ordering
of a Banquet. Being a Reissue of the ' Banquet Book.'
By CUYLER REYNOLDS. Limp leather, full gilt, lCmo, 7s. Grf.
JOHN CALVIN (1509 - 1564).
The Founder of Reformed Protestantism.
By WILLISTON WALKER, Ph.D., Professor of Germanic and Western Church History,
Theological Seminary, Hartford, Conn., Author of 'The Creeds and Platforms of
Congregationalism.' Illustrated. Crown Svo, cloth, Ox.
(" Heroes of Reformation" Series.
MOHAMMED : the Rise of Islam. By D. S. Margoliouth,
Professor of Arabic, Oxford University. Fully illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, Eft ;
Roxburgh, 6s. [No. !,v in the " Heroes of the Nations."
PROVERBS, MAX[MS, AND PHRASES OF ALL
AGES. Classified Subjectively and Arranged Alphabetically. Compiled by ROBERT
CHRISTY. 2 vols, in 1, 16mo, full limp leather, gilt edges, 10*. 6d. net.
THE RELIGION OF THE EARLY EGYPTIANS. By
GEORG STEINDORFF, Ph.D. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6*.
This is the fifth series of the American Lectures on the History of Religions.
SHELBURNE
ELMER MORE.
ESSAYS. Third
Crown Svo, cloth, 5s. net.
Series. By Paul
This third volume will contain the Essays on Cowper's Letters, Whittier the Poet, Swin-
burne, The Centenary of Sainte-Beuve, Why is Browning Popular? Scott's Novels and Scotch
History, Byron's 'Don Juan,' Christina Rossetti, and other Literary Topics.
THE RELIGION OF CHRIST IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d.
The distinction made between the Christian Religion and the Religion of Christ is that the fonner includes a combination of ideas ; the idea of ecclesiastical organization, the idea
4 if doctrine, and as an adjunct the idea of a way of life. The Religion of Christ, on the other hand, consists in a way of life alone. A particularly striking feature of this book is a
brilliant and fair-minded examination of three representative Christian denominations, the Roman Catholic, the Episcopal, and the Unitarian. The work is not controversial, but rather
a plea for the Religion of Christ
SEND FOR OUR ILLUSTRATED LIST.
24, BEDFORD STREET, STRAND, LONDON ; and NEW YORK.
Editorial Communications slioulil he addressed to "THK EDITOR"— Advertisements nnd Business Letters to "THE PUBLISHERS"— at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
Published Weekly by JOHN C. FRANCIS imd J. EDWARD FRANCIS at Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.C., and Printed by J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Athenaeum Press, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
Agents for Scotland, Messrs. BELL 4 BRADFUTE and ilr. JOHN UEMZIES Edinburgh. -Saturday, April 21, 1906.
THE ATHEN^UM
No. 4096.
SATURDAY, APRIL 28, 1906.
PRICE "^Sfc^fr*
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
-4.
Obituary.
EBSWORTH. — April 18, at the Priory, 13,
Wellesley Villas, Ashford. MARGARET EBSWURTH. of York,
for forty years the beloved wifeof the Rev. Joseph Woodfall Ebsworth,
M.A.Cantab. F.S.A., late Vicar of Molash, Kent. 1871-94. and eldest
daughter of the Rev. William Blow. M.A.. deceased, rector of Good-
nianham, Yorkshire, aged 34 years. Interred at Ashford Cemetery on
April 23.
N
0 T I C E
0 F
REMOVAL.
EDW. G. ALLEN & SON'S LIBRARY AGENCY, on and after
MAY 9, will be REMOVED from 28, Henrietta Street. Covent Garden,
to KING EDWARD MANSIONS. 212a. SHAFTESBURY AVENUE,
where all communications after that date should be addressed.
EDW. G. ALLEN & SON, Ltd.
^otittuz.
BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION,
3-2. SaekviUe Street. W.-ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING,
4.30 p.m., MAY 2. 1906. GEO. PATRICK Hon. Sec.
1C*rtims.
ON THE FOUNDATION OF THE HIBBERT
TRUST.— Prof. FRANZ CUMONT. of the University of Gand.
will give THREE PUBLIC LECTURES in MANCHESTER
COLLEGE. OXFORD, on 'THE RELIGIONS OF THE EAST IN
ROMAN PAGANISM.' MONDAY, April 30. WEDNESDAY. May 2,
FRIDAY, May 4, at S p.m. The Lectures will be delivered in French.
ROYAL LITERARY FUND
(For the Assistance of Authors and their Families'.
His Excellency the Hon. WHITELAW REID, American Ambassador,
Will take the Chair
At the 116th ANNIVERSARY.
At the WHITEHALL ROOMS, HOTEL METROPOLE,
On THURSDAY, May 10, at 7 for 7.30 p.m. precisely.
This is the only occasion in the year when an appeal is made to the
Public, and the Committee earnestly invite donations in aid of the
work of the Fund.
Replies before MONDAY, the 30th inst., are respectfully requested
from Ladies and Gentlemen invited to be Stewards, a list of whose
names will be published in the Times of May S. Donations will be
gratefully acknowledged by the Secretary,
6 A. LLEWELYN ROBERTS.
40, Denison House, Vauxhall Bridge Road. S.W.
<JfeIjibiti0!ts.
PAINTINGS by REPRESENTATIVE
SCOTTISH ARTISTS of to-dav. and WATER COLOURS by
O. WYNNE APPERLEY and Mr. and Mrs. WALTER ST. JOHN
MILDMAY. NOW OPEN, the BAILLIE GALLERY, 54, Baker
Street, W., 10 to 6.
OLD BRITISH SCHOOL— SHEPHERD'S
SPRING EXHIBITION includes choice Landscapes and Por-
traits by the Masters of the Old British School of Painting.
8HEPHERDS GALLERY, 27, King Street, St. James's Square.
1VTEW DUDLEY GALLERY, 169, PICCA-
JJN DILLY. W. (opposite the end of Bond Street I. Top lighted.
On Ground Floor. Dates for this year AT PRESENT VACANT are
July 7 to 31, September 15 to October 30.— Terms for these dates, and
for an Arts anil Crafts Exhibition, which will be held here from
December 1 to 23. will be sent on application to the SECRETARY,
New Dudley Gallery, 169, Piccadilly, W.
VTATIONAL ART COLLECTIONS FUND.
IX Chairman-LORD BALCARRES, M.P., F.S.A.
Object : The Acquisition of Works of Art for the National Collections.
Minimum Annual Subscription. One Guinea.
Address THE HON. SECRETARIES. National Art-Collections
Fund, 47, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.
jh-olribent Institutions.
PROVIDENT
THE BOOKSELLERS'
INSTITUTION.
Founded 1837.
Patron-HER MAJESTY QUEEN ALEXANDRA.
Invested Capital, 30,0001.
A UNIQUE INVESTMENT
OffcTed to London Booksellers and their Assistants.
A young man or woman of twenty five can invest the sum of Twenty
Guineas ior its equivalent hv instalments), and obtain the right to
participate in the following advantages :—
FIRST. Freedom from want In time of Adversity as long as need
exist*,
si < OND. Permanent Relief in Old Age.
Til 1 R I* Medical advice by eminent Physicians and Surgeons.
l'ii i:TH \ Cottage In the country [Abbots Langley. Hertford-
shire) for aged Members, with garden produce, coal, and medical
attendance free, in addition t<» an annuity.
FIFTH. A famished bouse in the same Retreat at Abbots langley
for tb.- use of Members and their families for holidays or during
cencc.
SI X'iil. A contribution towards Funeral expenses when it is needed,
SEVENTH. All these are available no! (or Members only, but also
for their wives <>r » idowa and young i hildron.
EIGHTH. The i tymenl of tl tions confers an absolute
right to these benefits in all o at need,
further Information apply to the Secretary Mr. GEORGE
LARNER, 28, Paternoster ltow, E.C
NEWSVENDORS' BENEVOLENT AND
PROVIDENT INSTITUTION.
Founded 1839.
Funds exceed 25,000?.
Office : Memorial Hall Buildings, 16, Farringdon Btreet. London, E.O.
Patron :
The Right Hon. THE EARL OF ROSEBERY, K.G. K.T.
President :
The LORD GLENESK.
Treasurer :
THE LONDON AND WESTMINSTER BANK, LIMITED.
A Donation of Ten Guineas constitutes a Vice-President and gives
three votes for life at all elections. Each Donation of Three Guineas
gives a vote at all elections for life. Every Annual Subscriber is
entitled to one vote at all elections in respect of each Five Shillings
so paid.
MEMBERSHIP— Every Man or Woman throughout the United
Kingdom, whether Publisher, Wholesaler, Retailer, Employer, or
Employed, is entitled to become a Member of this Institution, and
enjoy its benefits upon payment of Five Shillings annually, or Three
Guineas for life, provided that he or she is engaged in the sale of
Newspapers, and such Members who thus contribute secure priority
of consideration in the event of their needing aid from the Destitution.
PENSIONS.— The Annuitants now number Thirty-six, the men
receiving 351. and the Women 201. per annum each, and they include : —
The " Royal Victoria Pension Fund.'' which was established in 1887
and enlarged in 1897, 1901, and 1902. perpetually commemorates the
great advantages the News Trade enjoyed under the rule of Her late
Majesty Queen Victoria, provides Pensions of 201. a year each for Six
Widows of Newsvendors.
The "Francis Fund" provides Pensions for One Man, 25/.. and One
Woman 20L, ami was specially subscribed in memory of the late John
Francis, who died on April 6, 1882, and was for more than fifty years
Publisher of the Athemeum. He took an active and leading ]>art
throughout the whole period of the agitation for the repeal of the
various then existing " Taxes on Knowledge." and was for very many
years a staunch supporter of this Institution.
The " Horaoe Marshall Pension Fund " is the gift of the late Mr.
Horace Brooks Marshall. The employes of that firm have primary
right of election to its benefits, but this privilege not having been
exercised until 1904, the General Pensions of the Institution have had
the full benefit arising from the interest on this investment from 1887
to 1903.
The "Herbert Lloyd Pension Fund" provides 25!. per annum for
one man ; and was established in 1903 in perpetual and grateful
memory of Mr. Herbert Llovd. who was a generous benefactor of
this Institution, and who died May 12, 1899.
The "Hospital Pensions" consist of an annual contribution,
whereby Sir Henry Charles Burdett and his co-directors generously
enable the Committee to grant 20!. for One Year to a Man, under
conditions laid down in Rule 8c.
W. WILKIE JONES, Secretary.
(Educational.
ROYAL HOLLO WAY COLLEGE for WOMEN.
University of London.
ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS. -TEN ENTRANCE SCHOLAR-
SHIPS from 50!. to 60!., and several BURSARIES of 30!., tenable for
Three Years at the College, will be awarded on the results of an
EXAMINATION to be held from JULY 2 to JULY 7, 1906. Names
must be entered before JUNE 1. The College prepares Students for
London Degrees and also for Oxford Honour Examinations. Inclusive
fee. 90/. a year.— For forms of entry and further particulars apply to
the SECRETARY, Royal Holloway College, Englefield Green, Surrey.
PRIVATE TUITION.— Rev. J. F. RICHARDS,
M.A.Balliol, First-Class Classical Mods, and Greats, PREPARES
PUPILS for the UNIVERSITIES and other HIGHER EXAMINA-
TIONS. Seaside.— The Manor, Bishopstone, near Lewes.
DRESDEN COLLEGE, EASTBOURNE.—
High -class modem Education for GENTLEMEN S DAUGH-
TERS. Unique advantages for Languages, Music, Art. Special
arrangements to include some time in DRESDEN or FLORENCE.—
Apply PRINCIPALS.
THE DOWNS SCHOOL, SEAFORD, SUSSEX.
Head Mistress— Miss LUCY ROBINSON. MA. date Second Mis-
tress St. Felix School, Southwoldi. References : The Principal of
Bedford College. Loudon ; The Master of Peterhouse. Cambridge.
EDUCATION CORPORATION.
/CHURCH
CHERWELL HALL, OXFORD.
Training College for Women Secondary Teachers. Principal. Miss
CATHERINE I. DODD, M.A., late Lecturer in Education at the
University of Manchester.
Students are prepared for the Oxford Teacher's Diploma, the
Cambridge Teachers Certificate, the Teacher's Diploma of the
University of London, and the Higher Froetiel Certificate.
Full particulars on application.
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for HOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are invited t>> call ui«>n or send fully detailed particulars to
MESSRS. UABBITA8, TURING A CO
who for more than thirty years have In-cn closely in touch with the
. Bducatii nal Establishments
A. nice, tree of charge, is given by Mr. THRING, Nephew of the
late Head Master ol Uppingham. ::•;. Sackvillc street. London, W.
B
Situations Vacant.
RITISH SCHOOL AT ROM E.
The COMMITTEE are about to appoint a DIRECTOR, who will be
required to take up bis duties in Some at the beginning of OCTOBER.
Salary 4001 per annum. Rooms, Rent Free, sail Oei ilea, Length of
Session, Eiglit Months.
For further particulars apply to THE SECRETARY OF THE
BRITISH SCHOOL AT ROMS. 22, Albemarle Street, V> ,
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
FRANCE.-The ATHEKEUM can be
obtained at the following Railway Stations
in France:—
AMIENS. ANTIBES, BEAULIEU-SUR-MER, BIARRITZ, BOR-
DEAUX, BOULOGNE, CALAIS, CANNES, DIJON, DUNKIRK.
GENEVA. GOLFE-JUAN. HAVRE, HYERES. JUANLES-PINS,
LILLE, LYONS. MARSEILLES, MENTONE, MONACO. MONTE
CARLO, NANTES, NICE, PARIS ,Est, Nord, Lyon). PAU. ROUEN.
SAINT RAPHAEL, TOULON, TOURS.
PARIS: W. H. SMITH k SON, 24S. Rue de Rivoli; and at th«
GALIGNANI LIBRARY. 224. Rue de Rivoli.
TTNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NORTH WALES.
\_v i A Constituent College of the University of Wales. I
Applications are invited for the CHAIR of EDUCATION, now
vacant in this College. The Council will elect on JUNE 30. The
Professor will be expected to enter on his duties at the beginning of
next Session.— For further particulars apply to
JOHN EDWARD LLOYD, M.A., Secretary and Registrar.
April 26, 1906.
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOUTH WALES
AND MONMOUTHSHIRE. CARDIFF.
The COUNCIL of the COLLEGE invites applications for the post of
LECTURER in POLITICAL and COMMERCIAL SCIENCE, at I
Salary of 200J.
Applications, with Testimonials, should l>e sent on or before
THURSDAY". May 31. 1906. to the undersigned, from whom further
liarticulars may lie obtained.
J. AUSTIN JENKINS. B.A., Registrar.
University College. Cardiff.
April 21, 1906.
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOUTH WALES
AND MONMOUTHSHIRE, CARDIFF.
The COUNCIL of the COLLEGE invites applications for the post
\sslSTANT LECTURER in WELSH.
Further particulars niay be obtained from the undersigned, to whom
applications, with Testimonials (which need not be printed!, must be
Bent on or before FRIDAY, May 25, 1906.
J. AUSTIN JENKINS, B.A., Registrar.
University College, Cardiff.
April 21, 1906.
C
WELSH INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION ACT, 1889.
E N T R A L WELSH BOARD.
APPOINTMENT OF EXAMINERS.
The EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE of the BOARD will shortly pro-
ceed to the appointment of TWO ORAL EXAMINERS in FRENCH.
Particulars relating to the appointments may l>e obtained from tue
undersigned not later than WEDNESDAY, May 2, 1906.
OWEN OWEN. Chief Inspector,
Central Welsh Board. Cardiff, April 23, 1906.
c
0 U N T Y
of
LONDON.
APPOINTMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL HEAD MISTRESS.
The LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL invites applications for the
appointment of HEAD MISTRESS of the L.C.C. ELTHAM
[WOOLWICH) SECONDARY SCHOOL for GIRLS, to be opened in
SEPTEMBER NEXT.
Candidates must have had experience of Teaching in Secondary
Schools.
The commencing salary has been fixed at .ton;, a year.
Applications should lie made on the official form, to be obtained
from the Clerk of the Don. Ion County Council. Education Offices,
Victoria Embankment, W.C, to whom they must Vie returned, not
later than Pi am. on SATURDAY, May 19. 1906. accompanied by
copies of Three Testimonials of recent date.
It is probable that a few other similar posts will be established
shortly m other districts of London.
Candidates applying through the post for the Form of Application
should enclose a stamped and addressed envelope.
Candidates, other than successful Candidates, invited to attend the
Committee will lie allowed third-class return railway fare, but no
other expenses.
Canvassing, either directly or indirectly, will lie considered I dis-
qualification.
O. L. GOMME. Clerk of the London County Council.
Education Offices. Victoria Embankment, W.C.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London1,
YORK PLACE, BAKER STREET. W.
The COUNCIL are about to appoint a LADY as SECRETARY.
tlons. with Testimonials, to be sent by MAY 4 to the
SECRETARY, from whom particulars can In- obtained.
pOUNTY BOROUGH OF BRIGHTON.
PUBLIC LIBRARY". MUSEUMS. AND ART GALLERIES.
The COUNCIL oi the OOTJNTt BOROUGH of BRIGHTON invite
applications for the appointment of CHIEF LIBRARIAN ol the
PI I lie LIBRARY and SUPERINTENDENT of the PUBLH
Ml SE1 Ms and ART GALLERIES Salary 3O0J. per annum.
Particulars of the qualifications reouired. the duties to he performed,
and the condition! ii|*>n « bleb the appointment will be made,
together with printed Forms of Application, may be obtained at my
Offii e at the Town Hall. Brighton.
Applications, made on the Forms supplied, must reach me at my
Office liefore 12 o'clock on s vTl'RC lY/W
111 GO TALBOT, Town Clerk.
Town Hall. Brighton. April 23. 190.V
408
THE ATHENAEUM
N*4096, April 28, 1906
TANCA8HIBE COUNTY COUNCIL.
i i,\ EB8TON VICTORIA BKOONDART DAT SCHOOL AND
PUPIL TEAcllEH CENTRE.
WANTED mi ASSISTANT MASTER, with mcU qualification!
in lli-t„i\ .iti.I Qeogrnphj Graduate proferred. 8aUu-y according to
Oountj Sou Formed application maj bo obtained from, and mast
be retimed bj MAI 13 to, ths undersigned, IKED. W. POOLS.
Education Offices, Ulverston.
T
INSTALL EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
ASSISTANT AKT U ASTER.
The above COMMITTEE require the services of an ASSISTANT
AKT MASTER , who must hold Ait Muster's Certificate, and be well
qualified to teai h all the usual Art Subjects. Including Mcxl.-Uimf.
The pel -on appointed «ill '«• required to commence his duties ulmut
the MIDDLB ,,t AUGUST NEXT, and to devote liis whole time to
the service of the Committee.
Part of the duties will be to superintend the teaching of Brushwork
:>n,l Drawing in the Elementary Schools under the supervision of the
Art Master. , , ,
List of duties "ill be sent on receipt of stamped addressed envelope.
Applications, stating age and experience, and accompanied by copies
of t«,i recent Testimonials, to be sen! to me on or before Mt)NI)A\,
MayU ARTHUR P. LLEWELLYN, Secretary.
Education Offices, Tunstall stall's, April 28, 1908.
TUTOR WANTED for BOY of 9.— GENTLE-
MAN as TUTOR; must be young; highly educated; lin-
guistic attainments, especially French; fond of outdoor games;
able to ride horse Lack; good manners; unexceptionable references
as to character and disposition. Liberal Salary. — Apply, first
instance, by Utter, to Box nog, Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream's Build-
ings, « hancery Line, E.C.
^iiitationa ^Eanteb.
TO PUBLISHERS and EDITORS.— EMPLOY-
MENT WANTED in any Literary or Journalistic capacity.
MSS. read and prepared for Press. Editing, Compiling, Indexing,
Researches at the British Museum. Ac Foreign Languages. Good
knowledge of Continental Affairs and Literature. — ERNEST A.
Y17.ETELLY, 4."., Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. w .0.
PUBLIC SCHOOL MAN, 31, travelled, Pro-
fessioiial and Literary experience and success, seeks LITERARY
orKINDKKD EMPLOYMENT. Low salary. Highest Testimonials.
Would go abroad.— Reply Box 11 10, Athenaeum Press, IS, Breams
Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.C.
A S SECRETARY or FOREIGN CORRE-
A SPONDENT -LADY desires AFTERNOON EMPLOYMENT,
in Literary capacity preferred. Qualified Shorthand Typist, Rood
French and German. Experienced.— Box 1106, Athenaeum Press,
Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
FRENCH LADY, 35, desires to enter an
ENGLISH FAMILY «>< nair. May to September. Highest
references— Address Mile. P1NEAU, VJ, Rue St. Joseph. Angers,
Maine et Loire.
AN active YOUNG MAN (23) requires
SITUATION as PUBLISHER'S or BOOKSELLER'S ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply good references.— T., Box 1070, Athemeum Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
ADVERTISER seeks RE-ENGAGEMENT as
LIBRARIAN or BOOKSELLER'S ASSISTANT. Experienced.
Highest references. — Reply S. B., Fanlight Glen, Avenue Road,
Bournemouth.
THE DIRECTOR of the WHITECHAPEL
ART GALLERY would be pleased to RECOMMEND F. KNAPP
as CURATOR, HALL PORTER, Ac, age 3S, Single. — AddreeS
F. KNAPP. Whitechapel Art Gallery. London, E.
TRANSLATION, Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing. Encyclopaedic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Non-Resident Secretaryship. Classics, French. German, Italian,
Spanish, Anglo-Saxon. Special subjects: Mythology and Literature,
Varied experience. Moderate terms.— M iss SELISY'. 53, Talbot Road, W.
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials.— A. II.. Box 100".!, Atheiueum Press, 13, Bream's Build-
ings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
flttscfUamaus.
MSS.— MESSRS. T. C. & E. C. JACK,
34, Henrietta Street. Covcnt Garden, London. nvite
WRITERS to send them MSS. of ORIGINAL STORIES (II for
Boys of 1014. addressed to Mr. JOHN LANG. Boys' Editor; C2I For
Girls of 10-14. addressed to Mrs. JOHN LANG. Girls' Editor; (3) For
Children of 6-10, addressed to Mrs. LOI'KY CHISHOLM, Children's
Editor ; extent 40,000 to ,",0.0"(i words. All MSS. (which should be sent
in any time before SEPTEMBER 80— Type-written preferred) will be
acknowledged, and returned if not suitable.
EACHER'S REGISTRATION COUNCIL.
T
BttCtittSB for Disposal.
PUBLISHING BU8INES8 FOR SALE,
J- LONDON. obi established safe and prosperous concern.
Superior well fitted premises in centre of City. Moderate rent, long
lease. Profitable returns nearly io.uoo/. a year, capable of In,
World-wide connexion and high class reputation. Full particulars
are of a very satisfiictorv character. About 7.000/ required Investi-
gation allowed.- Mr. A. Si BURGHE8, U, Paternoster Row.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN That the PROVISIONAL LISTS
of TEACHERS registered in the Teachers' Registers will be open
for PUBLIC INSPECTION and COPYING, free of cost during Two
Calendar Months, commencing on TUESDAY. May I, 1008, at the
Offices of the Council, 4!) and 50. Parliament Street. Westminster, S.W.
By Order.
G. W. RUNDALL. Registrar.
Hjjyt-WLriters.
AUTHORS' MSS., <W. per 1,000 words.
X»_ SERMONS. PLAYS. ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
typed at home [Remingtonl. Good paper. Orders promptly exe-
cuted.—M. I. L, 7, Vernon Road ; now known as lx, Edgeley Road,
Clapham, S.W.
TYPE-WRITING.— MSS., SCIENTIFIC, and
of all Descriptions. COPIED. Special attention to work
requiring care. Dictation Rooms [Shorthand or Type-Writing).
Usual terms.— Misses E. B. and 1. FARKAN, Donington House, SO,
Norfolk Street. Strand, London.
TYPE-WRITING undertaken by highly educated
Women (Classical Tripos; Cambridge Higher Local; Modern
Languages). Research, Revision. Translation. Dictation Room.—
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPEWRITING AGENCY, 10, Duke Street,
Adelphi, W.C. ^^
TYPE- WRITING, M. per 1,000 words. All
kinds of MSS., STORIES, PLAYS. Ac, accurately TYPED.
Carbons, 3d. per 1,000. Best references.— M. KING 7, Corona Villas,
Pinner Road, Harrow.
TYPE- WRITER,— PLAYS and MSS. of every
description. Carbon and other Duplicate or Manifold Copies.
—Miss E. M. TIGAR, 64, Maitlaud Park Road, Havcrstock Hill, N.W.
Established 1884.
TYPE-WRITING.— AUTHORS' MSS. of all
kinds carefully TYPED. 'Mi. per 1.000 words, after 10,000.
Knowledge of French. German, and Italian. — A. U. BOWMAN,
74. Limes Avenue, New Southgute, N.
A UTHORS' MSS., NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
J\. ESSAYS TY'PE WRITTEN with complete accuracy Ski. per
1 000 words. Clear Carbon Copies guaranteed. References to well-
known Writers.— M. STUART, Thirlhank, RoxboroughRoad, Harrow
TYPE-WRITING. — MANUSCRIPT COPIED
in ENGLISH. FRENCH, and GERMAN, neatly and accu-
rately, by highly educated LADY'. Moderate terms.— Address Miss
MALLESON, The Green, Hampton Court.
JUttljors' Jlgimis.
TiHE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
The interests of Authors capably represented. Agreements for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed with Publishers. — Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. BURG11ES, 34, Paternoster Row
A UTHORS, Published and Unpublished, in need
Jr\. of GUIDANCE and ASSISTANCE, should write for particulars
to THE AUTHORS' ADVISORY BUREAU, conducted by Mr.
GORDON RICHARDS, for many years Literary Render and for
some time Fiction Editor of the Messrs. Havmsworth. assisted by
Mr. WILKINSON SHERREN, Member of the Society of Authors.
Fiction a speciality.— Address 'JO, Buckingham Street. West Strand,
London, W,C.
IT R. GEORGE LARNER, Accountant and
It L Licensed Valuer to the Bookselling, Publishing, Newspaper
Printing, and stationery Trades. Partnerships Arranged. Balance
Sh eta and Trading Accounts Prepared and Audited. All Business
-'.'■• i-.sl out under Mr. Lam er's personal supervision. — 38, 29, and 30,
IMtomoster Row, E.C, Secretory to the Booksellers' Provident
'-' -ti.,n
ATEWS PAPER PROPERTIES
-Ll BOUGHT, SOLD, VALUED. AND SUPPLIED WITH
EVERY REQUISITE.
The London Agency of an additional limited number of Provincial
and Colonial Newspapers can be undertaken.
Full particulars from
THE IMPERIAL NEWS AGENCY,
2 and 4, Tudor Street, London, E.C.
p MITCHELL & CO., Agents for the Sale and
\J • Purchase of Newspaper Properties, undertake Valuations lor
Probate or Purchase, Investigations and Audit of Accounts, itc. Card
of Terms on application.
Mitchell House. 1 and 2. Snow Hill. Holhorn Viaduct. E.C.
SHORTHAND. — PRIVATE SECRETARIES,
specially trained in Shorthand. Journalism, and all Secretarial
dirties iLadira and Gentlemen of Rood family ami superior education),
can be secured on application to THE MEAD MASTER OF THE
BRITISH SCHOOLS ()F COMMERCE Ifor the Nobility and Gentry1.
U7. New Bond Street, W. Tel. 0G14 Gcrrard.
HUGUENOT and FRENCH - CANADIAN
PEDIGREES in ENGLAND, and prior to Emigration from
France, lo.ooo Pedigrees, mostly MS. 1 npubUshed and Private
Sources.— C. LART, (jiai mouth. Dorset ; and London.
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK and INDEXING.— Apply Miss PETHERRRIDGE [Nat.
jScL Trilosi, IBS, Conduit Street, Bond Street. London, W.
\TEWSPAPER PROPERTY.
-L> Mr. WALTER WELLSMAN, Copyright Valuer.
Will DISPOSE of the GOODWILL. COPYRIGHT, and PLANT of
a sound, paying NEWSPAPER and PRINTING BUSINESS within
fifty miles of London. Moderate capital required. — Particulars 20,
New Bridge Street, London.
A THENvEUM PRESS. -^TOHN EDWARD
J V. FRANCIS. Printer of the Athimaeum, tfottt and Uurriet, Ac. is
prepared to SUBMIT ESTIMATES for all kinds of BOOK. NEWS,
and PERIODICAL PRINTING.— IS, Breams Buildings. Chancery
Lap-. R C
(ftatalogius.
LEIGHTON'S
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of EARLY
JL PRINTED and other INTERESTING BOOKS. MANUSCRIPTS.
and BINDINGS,
OFFERED FOR SALE BY
J. 4 J. LEIOHTON, 40, Brewer Street, Golden Square, W.
Thick Svo, 1,738 pp., 6,200 items, with upwards of 1,3.10 Reproductions
in Facsimile.
Bound in art cloth, gilt tops, 25*. ; lialf -morocco, gilt tops, SO*.
BOOKS. —All OUT-OF-PRINT and RARE
UooKS on anj subject SUPPLIED The uv*t cxiiert IUx knnder
extant Please state wants endask for c AT A U •<, I K I make B special
feature of exchanging any Saleable Itooks for others selected fiom my
l.i t. -|--< ill I. i-i of 2.000 H.»,k« I partleularly want po»t free.
— KDW. BASER B Great Bookshop, u ifi. John Bright street. Birming-
ham. Okcar Wilde's Poems. 21*., for 6*. U. (only 250 Usucd'.
ANCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Collectors
and Antiquarians are Invited to apply to SPINK A SON,
Limited, for Specimen Copy (gratii.1 of their NI'MLSMATIC CIRCU-
LAR. The finest Greek, Roman, and English Coins on View and for
Sab- at Moderate Prices —SPINK A So.N, Lmiir.n. Experts. Valuers,
and Cataloguers, m, 17. and It. Piccadilly, London, VY. Established
upwards of a Century.
GLAISHER8
REMAINDER BOOS CATALOGUE.
APRIL SUPPLEMENT NoW READY.
Comprising all most recent Purchases.
WILLIAM GI.AISHEK.
Remainder and Discount Bmtgirjlfrr. WW. High Holloni. London.
Aim Calalouueof POPVLA It CURRENT LITERATURE, ami AA'ir
LIST -f FRENCH NOVELS. CLA88IC8, dc.
TUST PUBLISHED.— B. H. BLACKWELL'8
t) MONTHLY LIST OP SECOND HAND BOOKS for APRIL.
containing ■ considerable nnmlier of Items dealing with Music.
instrumental and Vocal— Musical Biography and HUtory. Psalmody.
Ac. — Poetry and Veres and Miscellanies.
Also MONTHLY LIST OF NEW BOOKS, Engli.h and Foreign,
published during March.
CO and .11. Broad Street, Oxford.
THE INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
No. 141. containing a Special Article, entitled MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY and MATTER.' by Prof. ALFRED W.
PORTER. Specimen Copies gratis.— WILLIAMS A NORGATE.
Book ImiKirters, 14, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
READERS and COLLECTORS will find it to
their advantage to write for .1. BALDWINS MONTHLY
CATALOGUE of SECOND-HAND ROOKS, sent post free on applica-
tion. Books in all Branches of Literature. Genuine bargains in
Scarce Items ami First Editions. Rooks sent on approval if desired. —
Address 14. Osborne Road, Leyton, Essex.
THE CO-OPERATIVE TYPE-WRITERS, Ltd.
(CO-PARTNERSHIP SOCIETY).
CECIL HOUSE, 116, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C.
(Over Messrs. Lilley A Skinner's.)
SHORTHAND, TYPING. DUPLICATING. TRANSLATING.
TRACING. Ac.
A limited number of Pupils taken.
"Living Wage." Little overtime. No work given out. Offices well
lighted and healthy. MSS. kept in fireproof safe. Efficient Staff.
THIRST EDITIONS of MODERN AUTHORS,
-L including Dickens. Thackeray, Lever, Ainsworth; Books illus-
trated by G. and R. Cruikshank. Phiz. Rowlandson, Leech. Ac. The
largest and choicest Collection offered for Sale in the World. CATA-
LOGUES issued and sent iwist free on application. Rooks Bought.—
WALTER T. SPENCER, 27, New Oxford Street. London, W.C.
HH. PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street, Leicester,
. issues CATALOGUES of MSS. and RARE BOOKS post free
to Rook Collectors. No. 16 contains Books relating to Ireland —
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Literature— Collection of Broad-
side Ballads, Ac.
A TWIETMEYER, Bookseller, LEIPZIG,.
XJl. GERMANY. WANTS to BUY :—
EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY, twth Series.
FAIRPLAY. vols. 1 to 34.
HILL. STRADIVARI.
Please offer.
^•al£5 btj Jludicm.
The Library of the late P.ev. Hon. STEPHEN IT.
LAW LEY ; 'the Lihrani of ARTHUR RAM, Es<j..
deceased ; the Library of the Hon. Mrs. SKEFFIN9T0N
SMYTH, and other Properties.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON ft HODGE
will SELL bv AUCTION, at their House. No IS, Wellington,
Street. Strand. W.C. on MONDAY. April 30, and Three Following
Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, ROOKS and M A NT SCRIPTS, including:
the" LIBRARY of the late Rev. Hon. STEPHEN W. LAWLEY
Spurfield. Exminster Isold by Order of the Executrix' ; the LIBRARY
of ARTHUR RAM. Esq. (deceased); the LIBRARY of G. P. W LL.
Esq., of Sheffield : the PROPERTY of the Hon. Mrs. SKEFFINGTON
SMYTH. Busbridge Hall, Godalming ; a PORTION of the LIBRARY
removed from " The Salterns." Park-tone. Dorset Isold by Order of
the Executrix of the late CAPTAIN BUTTS), comprising a Fine
Uncut Conv of the First Edition of Poetical Sketches bv W. BJlakej.
Kelmscott Chancer— and Pine Works on Art— and OTHER PROPER
TIES, comprising valuable Books in all branches of Literature —
Illustrated Works — Books on the Fine Arts — First Editions of
Modem Authors— Rare and Valuable Earlv Printed Books— Numis-
matic Historical. Archaeological, and Architectural Works— several
Illuminated Manuscripts— Costume— Poetical Works— French Publi-
cations—Tracts— Book- Illustrated by Cruikshank, "Phil," and others
— scarce and valuable Theological Works. Ac.
May be » iewed. Catalogues may l>e had.
The valuable Collection o/Cofrw of LADY BCCKLEY.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL bv AUCTION, at their House. No I". Wellington
Street, Strand. W c, on FRIDAY, Mav 4. and Following Day. at
1 o'clock precisely, the valuable COLLECTION of ENGLISH
HAMMERED and MILLED COINS, the Property of LADY
BUCKLEY. F.R.N.S.. comprising, amongst other rarities. William
Penny of Bath— Philip and Marv Angel— .'amis I. Thirty-Shilling and
Fifteen-Shilling Pieoos— Charles I. Oxford Three-Pound Piece. 1644.
Own -Commonwealth Pattern Half-Crown, by Briot. lfi.11— Charles II.
Proof Crown. UWJ. without Rose, plain edge — William III. Proof
Crown. Hi9.1 — George II. Proof Five Guinea Piece. 17tl —
(ieorge III. Pattern Five and Two Guinea Pieces, by Yeo and Tanner.
and Pattern Five-Pound Piece, by PistrnecL 1*J0— George IV. Pnttern
Crown, bv Mills, is-jo. the rare variety with neck-tit — William I\.
"Trial'' Piece, bv W. Wyon. struck uiwn a Crown Flan, with Small
Head as apon "the Half -Crown — \ ictoria "International" Gold
Patterns on the "Decimal'' System. Ac— British Numismatic Works.
May be viewed two days prior. Illustrated Catalogues may be luuL
N° 4096, April 28, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
499
M
THE TRUMAN COLLECTION.
The Collection of the Work* of George Cruikshank.
ESSRS SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SKLL bv AUCTION, at their House. No. 13. Wellington
<KUIKSHANK, the Property of the lateEDVv IN IKUMA.N, r,sq.,
JI B C.S., The Home Field. Putney Hill, S.W .
Mav he viewed two days prior. Catalogue?, price IS. each, may be
Imd AlniXninil.er of large and fine paper illustrated Copies will
be published, price half-a-guinea each. ^
The valuable Collection of English Coins, the Property of the
I vaiuavi u^ c e MACKERELL, Esq.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL bv AUCTION, at their House No 13, Wellington
.vet StaSiWC on MONDAY. May 14. and Following 1 ay at
f o'. lock^r^i'selV the COLLECTION of ENGLISH COINS the
Property ot ; the late C. E. G. MACKERELL. Esq., F.R.N.S. .sold by
onler of the Executors).
May be viewed two days prior. Hlustrated Catalogues may be had.
The important Series of Roman Bronze Coins, the Property
of the late C. E. MACKERELL, Esq.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL bv AUCTION, at their House, No. IS, Wellington
Street, Strand. W.C.. on WEDNESDAY. May %g*^*&S%8
Days at 1 o'clock precisely, the important ShKIKS of WOMAN
BRONZE COINS, and a few GREEK SILVER COINS, collected by
the late cV E. MACKERELL, Esq., F.R.N.S. (sold by order of the
Executors).
May be viewed two days prior. Illustrated Catalogues may be had.
Modern Publications and Remainders.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms. 115, Chancery Lane London. W.C.,
, THURSI) VY. May ::. and Following Day, MODERN PUBLICA-
TIONS AND REMAINDERS, chiefly New. in cloth, comprising
K.uKnighU Old England. Coloured Fiates. | .vols, folio-*. fctet s
FullV.m Old and New. 3 vols. 4to.-230 Thorpe s Children s London-
-rtWiles Ballad of Reading Gaol -Sets of Scott. Matthew Arnold.
< onan Dovle. and other Modem Authors-Popular Novels Juvenile
Books, 4c.'— also Miscellaneous Books in all Classes of Literature.
To be viewed and Catalogues had.
Rare and Valuable Books.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Booms 115. Chancery Lane, London. W.O.
•on WEDNESDAY. May 9, and Two Following Days. RARE AND
VALUABLE ROOKS, including a Selection, the Property of the late
V B FA1LTON Esq . comprising Audsley and Bowes s Ornamental
Arts' of Japan Artist's Proof Copy-Goupils Illustrated Historical
Monona hs. "Vols and other handsome Fine-Art Books-Warners
11 iiiniiaW Manuscripts in the British Museum, the rourScnes-
's " "the MbuSSrical Society's Publications fr<,n, 1HS toW-
Type Facsimile Society. 1900 to I90.i-Early Printed and Black-Lettei
Hoiks from the Italian and German Presses-Bu kens Annates de a
Maison delLvnden. with the Coats of Anns coloured by hand-Old
Books of Travel, many relating to America-Blume s Flora Java, with
^Supplement 4vols.-Hev,itson '« Illustrations of Exotic Butterflies,
vols and other Botanical. Entomological, and Natural History
Books-Calevs Mathematical Papers. 1:1 vols -an Extra-Illustrated
Biogravhicai Dictionary, enlarged to 20 vols, -First Editions of
Esteemed Authors-Thackeray's :Novels. Original Library Edition
J : vol™- The Border Edition of Scott. 48 vols.- Book-plates and
Catalogues on application.
Early Printed Books and rare First Editions, including a
Library consigned from Abroad.
1VTESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
i\JL bv AUCTION, at their Galleries, 47, Leicester Square, W.C- on
MONDAY April 30, at ten minutes last 1 o'clock precisely, A ALU-
ABLE BOOKS, including Leo Magnus. Scrmones, 1470— Albertus
Trottu's De Perfecto Clerico, 1475-Braithwait iR.i, Times Curtaine
Drawne lfi->l— Ctesar I J. I. Commentarii, 1477— Cbwperjs Olney Hymns,
First Edition-Estienne. La Maison Rustique, 1579-Gay s 1 ablcs,
■vols.. First Editions-Goldsmiths Vicar of Wakefield Ftat Edition.
in original calf-White's Natural History of Selborne. First Edition-
Oui.lo de Monte Rocharii, Manipules Cnratorum U.S-Lackiiitius
Venice 147-2- Lilly's Sixe Court Comedies, 1832— Malton s Views ot
Dublin. Coloured Plates-Milton (J.l, Colasterion. lM^-Nuremberg
Chronicle 1498— Orceins Historic. 1471— Pascal. Les Provinciales I list
Edition 1657-Record'a Castle of Knowledge 1536- Saxtons Maps,
1645 — ScaiTons Comical Romance. 1076 -Shakcs]>eare s Works by
Rowe Tvols old morocco gilt-Shepherd s Kalendar. 1631-W i her s
Emblcmes ieS6— fine illuminated MSS. on A ellum. with Miniatures,
a uni.pie Early English MS., rare early printed Tracts and Pamphlets,
i,nd many other interesting items.
M
ESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON & WOODS
Sales of Miscellaneous Property.
MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
SALES are held EVERY FRIDAY, at his Rooms 3S, King
Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C., for the disposal of Mil RO-
BCOPES, SLIDES, and OBJECTIVES - Telescopes -Theodolites-
Levels— Electrical and Scientific Instruments— Cameras. Lenses, and
all kinds of Photographic Apparatus— Optical Lanterns with Slides
and all Accessories in great variety by Best Makers - Household
Furniture— Jewellery— and other Miscellaneous Proiwrty.
On view Thursday 2 to 5 and morning of Sale.
BATH.— EXCEPTIONAL OFFER for remainder
of Lease. Fifteen Months (Option ' of renewal of [tenancy 'at
expiration of Lease if desired). TO LET UNFURN 1SHED Hoi sE.
thoroughly well decorated throughout, all modern appliances. Three
Reception and Six Bedrooms, 4c. 65!., or near offer.— Apply
Forefield House, Bith.
^taga^ttus, &r.
rpHE QUARTERLY REVIEW.
JL No. 407. APRIL 1906. 6s.
THE OLD AND THE NEW WHIGS.
SHAKESPEARE S 'ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA.' By A. C.
Bradley.
THE PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD.
THE GOVERNMENT AND SOUTH AFRICA.
SOME LETTER-WRITERS, ANCIENT AND MODERN.
ROBERT CANDLISH AND THE DISRUPTION OF lfM3.
THE LITERATURE OF THE FRENCH RENAISSANCE. By
P. F. Willert.
THE ART OF GAMBLING.
TRADE UNIONS AND THE LAW.
A PLEA for CAMBRIDGE.
PASCAL'S APOLOGIA. By Bev. M. Kaufmann.
AN INDIAN RENAISSANCE. By T. Morison. late Principal of
Aligarh.
THE POLITICAL SITUATION.
THE EDUCATION IMBROGLIO.
JOHN MURRAY', Albemarle Street. W.
ABOUT 2,000 BOOKS WANTED are advertised
for weekly in THE PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR AND BOOK-
BEL] IKS' RECORD (established \K\1\ which also gives Lists of the
New Books published .luring the Week, Announcements of New
Books Jtc Subscribers have the privilege of a I ree Advertisement
•or Four Books Wanted Weekly. Sent for M weeks, post free, for
g. 6d Home and lis. Foreign Subscription. Price Three-Halfpence
Weekly —Office : St. Dunstan's House. Fetter Lane. London.
THE BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine
Street. London, W.C., April 2S, contains :-
San Francisco (with Illustrations* ; The Present Stage of Industrial
Art The New Gallery Exhibition; Plaster -Work .Institute of
Architects! Accidents'from Mechanically Driven Vehicles ; Mathe-
mati.A Data for Architects (Student's Column : City Hal . Colorado
Spr^VioraX Sisters' Wing and Infirmary, St. ^* l*'^
Bu.'-css Hill; Design for an Open-Air Svriiiiming-B.th, *c.-i roui
Office as a>K>ve 14.1. ; by post, ijd.) ; or through any Newsagent.
Q C I E N C E; THE MIND
REVELATION ; THE HEART OF GOD.
By J. W. BAR WELL.
A Business Han's Ideas of a Common Belief.
Pamphlet, Is. post free.
JACOBS & HOLMES, Publishers,
1C7, East Adam Street, Chicago, 111.
L respectfully give notice that they will hold the following
SALES by AUCTION at their Great Rooms, King Street. St. James s
Square, the Sales commencing at 1 o'clock precisely :—
On MONDAY, April 30, MODERN PICTURES
and DRAWINGS of the late MYLES ARIEL (LARK, Esq., and
others.
On TUESDAY. May 1, the COLLECTION of
ETCHINGS and ENGRAVINGS of LAURENCE W. HODSON. Esq.
On TUESDAY, May 1, OLD CHINESE POR-
< ELAIN of Miss K. H. BETTS, deceased, and the Proi>erty of a
GENTLEMAN.
On WEDNESDAY, May '2, Important JEWELS,
the Property of the late LADY CURRIE. the late Mrs. REUBEN
BASSOON] Mrs. A. H. GREAVES, and others.
On THURSDAY, May 3, fine EARLY ENG-
LISH and FOREIGN SILVER "and SILVER-GILT PLATE the
P .(.ertvof a LADY: and OLD ENGLISH SILVER PLATE of the
late Miss K. 11. BETTS. the late FREDERICK TO WH BEND, Esq..
anil others.
On FRIDAY, May 4. the COLLECTION of
OLD ENGLISH and other PORCELAIN of the laic JAMES COCK-
SI U'T, Esq.
On SATURDAY, Mav 5, important MODERN
PICTURES t'e PropertTof Sir FREDERICK T MAPPTN, Bart.;
Choice MODERN PICTURES. WATER t'OLoIR DRAWINGS, the
Propert] of Mrs It AY ALL deceased, Miss LEE, deceased, and from
various Private Sources.
British and Exotic Lepidoptera.
TUESDA V and WEDNESDA V NBXT, at 1 o'clock,
MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION,
at his Rooms. ::s, Kim: Street. Covent Garden, London, W.O.,
EPIDOPTERA, Including the British Collection formed by the late
Rev DOBREE-FOX, and sereral Smaller Collections; also the
. is in which they are contained.
On view Monday 1 to j and mornings of Sale. Catalogues on
application.
JUST PUBLISHED.
TN BOHEMIA.
By Mrs. T. STERRY HUNT ("CANADIENNE").
Crown 8vo with Half Tone niustrations, cloth, bevelled boards,
gilt top. 3s. M- net ivostage W.I.
JSARLF PRESS OPINIONS.
DuMfss^deerfwei-.-'ThlB is a book of real poetical and aesthetic
1^"7to,.-7/^r.M.-''The poems are marked with great tenderness
Among the best of the verses is the Inn Parlour, which treats of
■Vsimile them.' with impressive earnestness and directness. . Some-
thing of in.l'veUing grace sounds in all, while through all is heard a
trs'-,,N",'!',. .-'■'is a clever piece of writing. . , .The illustrations add to
the nleasure many will derive from this volume.
\l h .lit 1 1," •,(„•.-" Contains some strains of cx-ceeding sweetness,
wh c h w 1 fill vaSSt hours with pleasantness, and iKThaps linger long
in the memory. Mrs. Hunt has some mastery 0« poetic forms, and
I e makes these the vehicle of a gentle humanity Readers of her
Uttlebook will find themselves under the iK.wer of a soul that is
meditative, quick-eyed, and helpful.
\ short delightful story in prose of self-sacrifice gives the title to
the volume! The remaining 124 pages contain poems of various moods
which will appeal to many.
London : GAY & BIRD, '22, Bedford Street, Strand. W.O.
MR. EVELEIGH NASH'S LIST.
SECOND EDITION, demy 8vo, 12s. Gd.
Uniform iu appearance -with ' The Courtships of Queen
Elizabeth.'
THE GREAT LORD BURGHLEY
(WILLIAM CECIL).
By MARTIN HUME, Author of ' The Wives of
Henry VIII.," The Love Affairs of Mary, Queen of Scots,' &c.
OBSERVER.—" Major Hume's estimate of Burghley's
character is just, as it is temperate A serious contribu-
tion to history."
Demy 8vo, with Portraits, 15*. net.
TEN TUDOR STATESMEN.
By ARTHUR D. INNES,
Author of ' England under the Tudors,' &c.
MORNING POST.— "Historical studies of remarkable
interest."
GLOBE. — " The author is a master of his subject, and
possesses a vivid but scholarly style."
An INTENSELY INTERESTING BOOK.
Demy 8vo, 7s. 6d. net.
WITH THE COSSACKS.
Being the Story of an Irishman who Bole with the Cossacks
throughout the Kusso- Japane. e War.
By FRANCIS McCULLAGH.
STANDARD.— " A veritable human document, rich in
sidelights on a wonderful and historic struggle."
SATURDAY REVIEW.—* Vivid and stirring."
FOURTH IMPRESSION IN A FEW DAYS.
Royal Svo, with 70 Illustrations, 15s. net.
VERSAILLES AND THE COURT
UNDER LOUIS XIV.
By JAMES E. FARMER.
DAILY TELEGRAPH.— ■" A volume that is at once
informing and anecdotal."
A GREAT SUCCESS.
NOW READY, 3s. tW. net.
IN THE DAYS OF THE DANDIES.
Bv ALEXANDER. LORD LAMINGTON.
Introduction by Sir HERBERT MAXWELL, Bart.
DAILY TELEGRAPH. — "Rarely indeed does the
reader with a taste for personal anecdotes have such a treat
as he has in the perusal of this volume Small as it is, it
is one of the richest in anecdote which has delighted us for
manv a long day." .
TIMES.—" Wc have seldom laid aside a book with more
regret than this j for good gossip is so rare, and this is
gossip of the best."
FOURTH IMPRESSION. Demy 8vo, 10s. 6d. net.
WITH THE EMPRESS-DOWAGER
OF CHINA.
By KATHARINE CARL.
MUST rrCLISHED.
MANUAL OF ORIENTAL ANTIQUITIES.
Including the Architecture. Sculpture. .and Industrial Arts of
chaldrra. Assyria. Persia, Syria. .Didaa Phoenicia, and Osrthue. y
FRNEST BABELON, Librarian of the Department of Mortals and
Antique* intheBimiotheane Rationale, Paris. With Ml Illustrations.
New Krtitioii with an Additional Chapter on the Recent rinds at
Susa Crown Svo. cloth extra, gilt top, 7s. U. net
London, WC. : II. GRF.VKL & CO.
TEACHERS' SCRIPTURAL LIBRARY.
Price Sixpence each net.
By W. T. LYNX. B.A. F.R.A.S.
1. BRIEF LESSONS ON THE PARABLES AND
MTRACLBS OF "I'll LORD. The Kirst Part contain- ihorl
Expositions of the Parables, arranged according to Date: in the
Second the Miracles arc treated under the heads of the Regions
in which they wre wrought. With Two Illustrations.
2 EMINENT SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS:
' a Series of Itiographical Studies in the Old and New Testaments.
Illustrated by Bis Wewsof Biblical Scenes, which will, it Is hoped.
In- found useful to all who are interested iu the study of the Holy
Scripture.
Published by STONEMAX, 29. Paternoster Square, EC.
NEW SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
A FINE ROMANCE.
THE GREY DOMINO.
By Mrs. PHILIP CHAMPION DE CRESPIGNY.
Author of ' The Rose Brocade,' ' The Mischief of a Glove,' &c.
NEW BOOK BY LADY CROMARTIE.
SONS OF THE MILESIANS.
Bv the COUNTESS OF CROMARTIE,
"Author of ' The Web of the Past,' &c
SECOND IMPRESSION.
THE LAPSE OF VIVIEN EADY.
Bv CHARLES MARRIOTT,
Author of ' The Colunvi.' ' Mrs. Alemere's Elopement," Ac.
MOR\l\'G POST.— "It seems to us that Mr. Charles
Marriott's • The Lapse of Vivien Bady ' is distinctly the best
novel he has hitherto produced."
THE MOST HUMOROUS BOOK OF THE YEAR.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
THE BLUE PETER.
Bv MORLEY ROBERTS,
Author of ' the Promotion of the Admiral, &c.
jlTHEN.UUM.— " Mr. Roberts is out for a lark in this
book, ami a lark he has."
BARDELYS THE MAGNIFICENT.
BV RAFAEL SABATINI.
Author o! 'The Tavern Knight,' to.
TiATTV MAll — " This romance belongs to the school of
MrStaiwev Wevnian. and it is doubtful il even that
tnmniou. and spirited writer COUld have contrived a more
Inmtntmis and spirited yarn.
JTaILV Thf UtiliA I'll.-" The author has woven an
cnc iting story of love and adventure."
London: EVELEIGB NASH, 32, Bedford Btwet.
oOO
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4090, April 28, 1906
BLACKWOOD
FOR MAY CONTAINS :-
The Growth of the Capital Ship.
A Journey to Sanaa.
The Early Royal Academy.
The Story of its Foundation and the Roumnces of
some Original Members.
The Peregrinations of a Cockney.
Drake : an English Epic— Book III.
By ALFRED NOYES.
Grammar to the Wolves.
By P. A. WRIGHT HENDERSON.
Count Bunker. Chaps. 24-28.
By J. 8. CLOUSTON.
More About the Streets of London.
By Lieut. -Colonel Sir HENRY SMITH, K.C.B.,
Ex-Commissioner City of London Police.
Musings without Method.
The Moral of the Army.
The Education Bill.
BLACKWOODS' BEST BOOKS
THE FIRST LARGE EDITION HAS BEEN SOLD OUT,
AND THE
SECOND EDITION IS NOW READY.
PORT ARTHUR:
The Siege and Capitulation.
By ELLIS ASHMEAD-BARTLETT.
Fully illustrated, and with Maps and Plans, 21s. net.
" A great history of a great siege."
Beljast News Letter.
2.
CHARLES LEVER:
His Life in His Letters.
By EDMUND DOWNEY.
Demy 8vo, 2 vols. 21s. net.
"A revelation of the man, a first-hand record of
Charles Lever, and a first-hand picture of the man
in his habit as he lived." — World.
3.
THE AUTHORS PROGRESS.
By ADAM LORIMER. 5s. net.
" There is a laugh in almost every page."
Scotsman.
" A book in which humour ripples and sparkles
on the surface of common-sense." — Daily Chronicle.
WILLIAM PITT.
By CHARLES WHIBLEY. Illustrated, 6s. net.
" We cannot too warmly commend Mr. Whib-
ley*s work to our readers. To read it is to be
braced as b}' a tonic at the memory of a great and
glorious past."
Mr. H. W. WlLSON in the Daily Mail.
Jl Wj 1 1UJN . wood have the
reputation of dis-
covering new and
OS. gifted writers."
NOVELS TO
NOTE AND
TO ASK FOR.
"NO. 101."
By WYMOND CAREY.
[ Fifth Edition.
LADY SARAH'S
DEED OF GIFT.
By E. A. GRIFFIN.
[S'cond Edition.
A MAID OF
NORMANDY. By DORA M. JONES.
[ Just out.
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh
and London.
MESSRS. LONGMANS & CO.'S LIST.
THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH RATIONALISM IN THE
N IN ETEENTH CENTURY.
21«. net.
By ALFRED W. BKNN. Author of "Hie Philosophy of Greece,' Ac. 2 vols. 8to,
[On Monday next.
AT THE GATES OF THE EAST : a Book of Travel among
Historic Wonderlands. By Lieut.-Col. J. P. BARRY, A. B. M.B. (Trinity College, Dublin), His Majesty's Indian
Medical Service. With 33 Illustrations. 8vo, 0*. net.
CAPITALS OF EASTERN EUROPE— THE CAPITAL OF EGYPT— SOUTHERN OBXECB— THE EASTERN
ADRIATIC— THE WESTERN BALKANS.
"Lieut.-Col. Barry looks upon travel as an art. His book is a recollection of impressions gathered at first hand,
and set forth with earnestness and force The charm of the book is greatly enhanced by beautiful illustration^. "
Scotsman.
VOLUME FOR 1906.
THE ANNUAL CHARITIES REGISTER AND DIGEST : being
a Classified Register of Charities in or available for the Metropolis, together with a Digestof Information respecting
the Legal, Voluntary, and other Means for the Prevention and Relief of Distress, and the Improvement of th»-
Condition of the Poor. With an Elaborate Index, and an Introduction, ' How to Help Cases of Distress,' by (
LOCH, Secretary to the Council of the Charity Organization Society, London. 8vo, 5«. net.
THE PARSON'S OUTLOOK: Studies in Clerical Life and
Character. By W. G. EDWARDS REES. Crown 8vo, 5s. 6<f. net.
" 'The Parson's Outlook ' is, in everv sense of the word, a living book, written in full view of life's little ironies in the
clerical calling, and here and there with a touch of well-bred delicate satire. . . .There is a delightful touch of humour in
the book, not a few polished epigrams, and a wide urbane outlook on life, whether the point of view be that of the
parson or other people." — Standard.
PLANT RESPONSE AS A MEANS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL
INVESTIGATION. ByJAGADIS CHUNDER BOSE, CLE. M.A.(Cantab.), D.Sc.(Lond.), Professor, Presidency
College, Calcutta, Author of ' Response in the Living and Non-Living.' With 278 Illustrations. 8vo, 21*.
In this volume Prof. Bose gives an account of the investigations by which he has shown that all the important character-
istics of the responses exhibited by animal tissues are also to be found in those of the plant. Further, he has attempted
to show that the plant may be regarded as a machine, and that its movements in response to external stimuli are reducible
to a fundamental unity of reaction. His experiments on plant movements have enabled him to distinguish between the
effects of internal energy and external stimulus, and to disentangle the complex phenomena which result from their
combined action.
NEW FICTION.
OUT OF DUE TIME. By Mrs. Wilfrid Ward. Crown 8vo. 6s.
This novel deals with a question which at present agitates thinking minds in all religious communions
— namely, the reconciliation of Christian theology with the results of the positive sciences.
Mr. W. L. COURTNEY in the DAILY TELEGRAPH .-—"The characters are wonderfully distinct, Marcelle and Paul
standing out with cameo-like clearness. Thoughtful readers, be they Catholic or Protestant, will find the story extremely
interesting ; it satisfies both the heart and the head."
TRACKS IN THE SNOW: being the History of a Crime. Edited,
from the MS. of the Rev. ROBERT DRIVER, B.D., by GODFREY R. BENSON. Crown 8vo, 6*.
SIMPLE ANNALS. By M. E. Francis (Mrs. Francis Blundell),
Author of ' Pastorals of Dorset,' &c. Crown 8vo, 6s.
This is a series of stories dealing more or less with the lives of working women. They do not, however, pretend
either to analyze conditions or to grapple with problems, but merely to depict some of the joys and sorrows of a large and
varied class.
THE ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW.
APRIL. Price 5».
Edited by REGINALD L. POOLE, M.A. Ph.D.
1. Articles.
THE FALL OF THE VISIGOTHIC POWER IN SPAIN. By the Rev. R. Dykes Shaw, D.D.
EARLY RELATIONS OF THE MANOAS WITH THE DUTCH. By the Rev. George Edmundson.
THE LONG PARLIAMENT OF CHARLES II. By Professor Wilbur C. Abbott. Part IL
2. Notes and Documents.
ROGER OF WENDOVER AND THE COGGESHALL CHRONICLE. By F. M. Powicke.
THE LETTERS OF RUDOLPH AGRICOLA. By P. 8. Allen.
CARDINAL BEATON AND THE WILL OF JAMES V. By A. Lang, D.Litt.
SECRETARY THURLOE ON THE RELATIONS OF ENGLAND AND HOLLAND. By Professor Firth, LL.D.
PITTS RETIREMENT FROM OFFICE, OCTOBER 5th, 1761. By H. W. V. Temperley.
And Others.
■ !. Heriews of Books. U. Short Notices.
A GENERAL INDEX to the First Twenty Volumes (1886-1905) of the ENGLISH HISTORICAL
REVIEW is now ready. This Index gives references to Articles, Notes, Documents, and Selected Reviews
of Books, and is uniform in size with (he Review. The price is 3s. Gd. net.
THE EDINBURGH REVIEW.
APRIL. Price 6s.
THE POLITICAL SITUATION.
IN MEMORIAM' AFTER FIFTY YEARS.
THE .JARDIN DES PLANTES BEFORE AND DURING
THE REVOLUTION.
CANNING AND THE TREATY OF TILSIT.
CRITICISMS OF LIFE IN IRELAND.
VENETIAN DIPLOMACY AT THE SUBLIME PORTE
DURING THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.
HISTORY IN FURNITURE.
ARCHBISHOP TEMPLE.
PRE-RAPHAELITISM.
SOME ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.
THE ROYAL POOR LAW COMMISSION, 1905, AND
THE CONDITION OF THE POOR.
LONGMANS, GREEN «fc CO. 39, Paternoster Row, London.
N°4096, April 28, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
501
NEW EDITION.
MRS. BEETONS BOOK OF HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT.
7s. 6d. net.
QUEEN. — " How on earth this book, with its wonderful variety of information, which comprises almost everything a woman needs to know in her
household, from the kitchen upwards, can be produced at the price asked for this marvellous encyclopedia of household cookery is a matter of wonder. It is
a book which should take an honoured place in every housekeeper's library."
MRS. BEETONS BOOK OF HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT.
7s. 6d. net.
MORNING POST. — " Of the many works published for domestic use, 'Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management ' can claim the distinction
of being a British institution."
MADAME. — " ' What is Home without a Mother ? ' is a question easily answered in comparison with ' What is Home without " Mrs. Beeton's Book
of Household Management " ?' — that unfailing source of illimitable wisdom."
MR. WINGRAVE, MILLIONAIRE.
6s.
By E. PHILLIPS OPPENHEIM,
Author of ' The Betrayal, ' Anna the Adventuress,' &c.
DUNDEE ADVERTISER.— "Than that author there is no more
competent and attractive exponent of present-day romance. Few writers
have an equal power of prompt fascination. His very first page casts a spell ;
each final passage in his stories leaves the reader thoroughly satisfied with the
entertainment."
THE RACE OF LIFE.
5s.
By GUY BOOTHBY, Author of « Dr. Nikola,' &c.
LEEDS MERCURY.—1' Readers who have been thrilled by the strange
adventures of ' Dr. Nikola,' or the weird witchery of ' Pharos, the Egyptian,'
will turn with interest to 'The Race of Life.' The hero's adventures are
exciting enough to satisfy the most jaded novel-reader without passing into
the realm of the impossible A well-written, readable story, for which, we
doubt not, there will be a large demand."
FIRST IT WAS ORDAINED.
6s
By GUY THORNE.
PALL MALL GAZETTE.— '"First It Was Ordained ' is a long way
ahead of ' When It Was Dark.' Mr. Guy Thome has the gift of the great
orator or preacher in holding your attention."
DUNDEE ADVERTISER.— "That his new and brilliantly written
story will create a sensation there can he no doubt Truly an astounding
tale/'
THE WEIGHT OF THE CROWN.
By FRED M. WHITE.
6s.
DAILY TELEGRAPH. — "An exceedingly absorbing story: for sheer
downright excitement, swift movement, and fascinating interest it would be
difficult to find a parallel."
THE AVENGERS.
6s.
By HEADON HILL,
Author of ' The Duke Decides,' ' A Race with Ruin,' &c.
TRIBUNE.— "Mr. Headon Hill's new book 'The Avengers,' has not a
dull line, and one's pulse is kept on the jig all the time. The author deserves
the highest admiration for the consistent way in which he has avoided the
slightest suspicion of probability."
THE GIRL IN WAITING. 6s.
By ARCHIBALD EYRE.
DAILY MAIL.—" This is quite a delightful book. The note is struck
ingeniously and hilariously on the doorstep. It is a most enjoyable corned}-,
which must be read to be appreciated. We can cordially recommend it."
THE MISTAKES OF MISS MANISTY. 6s.
By ASHTON HILLIERS.
SCOTSMAN. — "Readers whose delight is in sport and out-of-door
nature, and those who prefer the profounder study of the moods and modes of
capturing and managing wilful women, will alike find their tastes gratified."
THAT PREPOSTEROUS WILL.
6s.
By L. G. MOBERLY.
DAILY GRAPHIC— "We could wish that every novel was as
pleasant, unsophisticated, and readable as this one."
THE POWER OF ULA. 6s.
By MILES SHELDON WILLIAMS.
In all the annals of fiction a more ingenious or startling original plot has
not been recorded.
THE QUINCUNX CASE.
6s.
By WILLIAM DENT PITMAN.
A detective story of extraordinary ingenuity, originality, and literary
merit.
BY WIT OF WOMAN.
READY IMMEDIATELY.
6s. HEART'S DELIGHT.
By ARTHUR W. MARCHMONT,
Author of ' A Courier of Fortune,' ' When I was Czar,' &c.
THE MAGIC OF MISS ALLADIN.
By PAUL HERRING,
Author of ' The Pierrots on the Pier,' &c.
6s.
By LOUIS TRACY.
Author of 'The Final War," ' A Fatal Legacy,' &c.
A FAIR INSURGENT.
By GEORGE HORTON,
Author of ' A Fair Brigand,' Ac.
6s.
6s.
WARD, LOCK & CO., Limited, Salisbury Square, London, E.C.
502
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4096, April 28, 1906
EARLY ENGLISH
DRAMA.
The First Series of Twelve Volumes of a
corpus of our uncollected Early Drama is now
being issued at the rate of two volumes
monthly.
Net Subscription Price as marked.
First complete
JOHN HEYW00D.
collected edition, :? vols.
I. Comedies, interludes, Disputations (Four P's, John
and Tib, Pardoner and Friar, Love, Weather,
Witty and Witless). [Ready.
II. Proverbs, Epigrams, Miscellanies. [Ready.
III. The Spider and the Fly, Of Gentleness and
Nobility (attrih.). Fcap. 8vo .. 1 11 6
(Each col. charged proportionately as issued.)
ANONYMOUS PLAYS (1st Series).
1 vol. (Hickscorner, Four Elements, Calisto and
Melibeea, Every Man, World and Child, Thersytes.)
(Ready.) Fcap. 8vo 10 6
JOHN BALE (Bishop of Ossory).
First collected Edition, 1 vol. (God's Promises, John
Baptist, King John, Three Laws, Temptations of our
Lord, Ac) Fcap. Svo 12 0
NICHOLAS UDAL.
1 vol. (Ralph Roister Doister, with a Note on Kzechias,
4c.) Fcap. 8vo 7 6
ANONYMOUS PLAYS (2nd Series).
1 vol. (Jacob and Esau, Youth, Albion Knight, Tom
Tiler, Godly Queen Hester, Misogonus.) Fcap. 8vo
10 6
RICHARD EDWARDS, THOMAS
NORTON, AND THOMAS SACK-
YILLE.
1 vol. (Damon and Pythias, Palaemon and Arcyte
INote], Gorboduc, &c.) Fcap. Svo 10 6
R. WEYER AND T. INGELEND.
First Collected Edition, 1 vol. (Lusty Juventus
[Wever], Disobedient Child [Ingelend], Nice Wanton
[Ingelend, attrib.].) (Ready.) Fcap. 8vo .. 7 6
ANONYMOUS PLAYS (3rd Sries).
1 vol. (Jack Juggler, King Darius, Gammer Gorton's
Needle [Still or Stevenson, attrib.]. New Custom, Trial
of Treasure.) (Ready.) Fcap. Sto .. .. 10 6
ULPIAN FULWELL.
1 vol. (Like Will to Like.) (Readi/.) Fcap. 8vo.
0
ANONYMOUS PLAYS (4th Series).
1 vol. (Appius and Virginia, Marriage of Wit and
Science, Common Conditions, Marriage between Wit
and Wisdom, Grim the Collier of Croydon.) Fcap 8vo.
10 6
Subscription Price for Series of Twelve
Yolumes.
Fcap. 8vo (250 oopies), uncut edges, boards
antique £5 net.
Large Paper (60 copies), pure rag paper, in
buckram, uncut edges, in sets only JE20 net.
The Society beg to inform those Collectors
and Librarians who have not yet
sent in their names that only Four-
teen Sets of Small Paper, and a few
Large Paper, remain to be sub-
scribed for.
THE EARLY ENGLISH DRAMA SOCIETY,
18, Bury Street (near British Museum),
London, YV.C.
SMITH, ELDER & CO.'S NEW BOOKS.
MRS. HUMPHRY WARDS
NEW NOVEL,
FENWiCK'S CAREER,
WILL BE READY ON THE 3rd OF MAY
at all Booksellers' and Libraries.
With Illustrations by ALBERT STERNER, Crown 8vo, 65.
FROM A COLLEGE WINDOW. By Arthur Christopher Benson, Fellow of
Magdalene College, Cambridge. Large post 8vo, Is. (id. net. [On May 3.
WESLEY AND HIS CENTURY: a Study in Spiritual Forces. By W. H.
PITCHETT, B.A. LL.D., Author of ' Deeds that Won the Empire,' &c.
4 Fax-similes of Letters, &c. Small demy Svo, 6s. net.
With a Photogravure Frontispiece and
[On May 8.
A SUMMER RIDE THROUGH WESTERN TIBET. By Jane E. Duncan.
With 93 Illustrations and a Map. I)emy 8vo, 14s. net.
DAILY NEWS. — "A pleasant picture of a pleasant people. . ..Miss Duncan has performed a feat of which she may
well be proud."
THE SMALL GARDEN BEAUTIFUL AND HOW TO MAKE IT SO.
By A. C. CURTIS. Author of ' A New Trafalgar,' &c. With a Coloured Frontispiece, 16 Half-Tone Illustrations,
and several Plans. Small demy 8vo, 7s. Gd.
SCOTSMAN. — "Should please a lover of the garden, whether for reading only or for more practical purposes."
SEVENTY YEARS' FISHING. By Charles George Barrington, C.B. With
a Frontispiece. Small demy 8vo, 10s. <W. net.
FIELD. — "The book of a good sportsman and a good angler, from which even the most modern disciple of the light
rod philosophy cannot but learn much."
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING IN HER LETTERS. By Percy
LUBBOCK. With a Portrait. Crown 8vo, 7s. 6<i. net.
ACADEMY. — "A study which, we think, is deserving of a place in English literature."
THE VICTORIAN CHANCELLORS. Vol. I. By J. B. Atlay, Barrister-at-
Law. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 14s. net.
SPECTATOR.—" To lawyer, politician, student of manners, and lover of good stories alike, Mr. Atlay's book will
furnish the best of entertainment."
The Work will be completed in a Second Volume.
POPULAR NEW SIX
IF YOUTH BUT KNEW.
By AGNES and EGERTON CASTLE.
With 20 Illustrations by Mr. LANCELOT SPEED.
SECOND IMPRESSION NOW READY.
TRUTH.— "li Youth But Knew' is, in a word, as en-
chaining as the magic music of its wizard violinist."
SALTED ALMONDS. By F. Anstey,
Author of ' Vice Versa,' Ac.
TRUTH.—" Anybody with a taste for witty, ingenious,
whimsical, and diverting stories will devour this dish of
'salted almonds' at a sitting without experiencing any
other feeling than one of perfect enjoyment."
■SHILLING NOVELS.
BROWNJOHN'S.
By Mrs. PERCY DEARMER.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
EVENING STANDARD— "There is plenty of amuse-
ment, and never a dull minute, in 'Brownjohn's,'"
THE POISON OF TONGUES.
By M. E. CARR.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
COURT JOURNAL.— "The work of an accomplished
novelist, who obviously spares no pains to make the most
of the story she has to tell."
OLD MR. LOVELACE. By Chris- 1 mr. BAXTER, SPORTSMAN.
TIAN TEARLE, Author of ' The Vice - Chancellor's
Ward,' &c
SCOTSMAN.— "Truth, sincerity, humour are on every
page, and one welcomes a talented delineator of English
character and customs."
By CHARLES FIELDING MARSH,
Author of ' God's Scholars."
STANDARD.— "Sportsmen will welcome this volume.
There is a capital story of country life hidden in its pages."
THE CORNHILL MAGAZINE
FOR MAY. PRICE ONE SHILLING. COXTEXTS.
SIR JOHN CONSTANTINE. Chapters XXII.-XXIII.
By A. T. Quiller-Couch.
THE SPRING CALL. By Thomas Hardy.
A TALK WITH MY FATHER. By Walter Frith.
PREHISTORIC MAN ON THE DOWNS. By Arthur
John Hubbard, M.D., and George Hubbard, F.S.A.
JARGE'S LITTLE 'OOMAN. By M. E. Francis.
THE SIMPLON PASS AND THE GREAT TUNNEL.
By Francis Fox.
LORD CRAVEN AND CLAVERHOUSE : an Imaginary
Conversation. By Dora Greenwell McChesney.
VENOMOUS SERPENTS. By Claude E. Benson.
A FRENCH TRAVELLER IN CHARLES IL'S ENG-
LAND. By D. K. Brostner.
THE NEW CHEMISTRY. IV. Carbon and the Shapes of
Atoms. By W. A. Shenstone, F.R.s.
CHIMAERA AND PHASELIS. By D. G. Hogarth.
CHIPPINGE. Chaps. XIII. -XV. By Stanley J. Weyman.
London : SMITH, ELDER <fc CO. 15, Waterloo Place, S.W.
N° 4096, April 28, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
503
SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., LTD.
NEW VOLUME OF
SONNENSCHEIN'S QUOTATION SERIES.
NOW READY.
DICTIONARY OF GERMAN QUOTATIONS.
By LILIAN DALBIAC. Small demy 8vo, 7*. 6d.
" Lilian Dalbiac's work is more than a book of reference. Scholarship,
thought, and interest fill these four hundred closely printed pages. The
general reader may open the book at any part, and will find a wealth of
matter to entertain and instruct." — Scotsman.
" No one can consult this admirably arranged, well-indexed book without
being grateful to the compiler for the care, patience, and taste with which
she has laboured to make it complete." — Standard.
OTHER VOLUMES OF THE SERIES.
Small crown 8vo, 7;*. 6W. each.
DICTIONARY OF QUOTATIONS — ENGLISH. Third
Edition. P. H. DALBIAC.
DICTIONARY OF QUOTATIONS-CLASSICAL. Second
Edition. T. B. HARBOTTLE.
DICTIONARY OF QUOTATIONS — FRENCH AND
ITALIAN. Second Edition. HARBOTTLE and DALBIAC.
DICTIONARY OF CONTEMPORARY QUOTATIONS-
ENGLISH. H. SWAN.
DICTIONARY OF HISTORICAL ALLUSIONS. Second
Edition. T. B. HARBOTTLE.
DICTIONARY OF BATTLES. T. B. Harbottle.
FAMOUS SAYINGS OF GREAT MEN. E. Latham.
DICTIONARY OF QUOTATIONS - SPANISH. T. B.
HARBOTTLE.
[In pre.*-*.
STUDIES IN ROMAN HISTORY. By E. G
HARDY, M. A. D.Litt. , Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford. Crown Svo, 6s.
"A book of a stamp too rarely produced in England; a book bearing
witness on every page of the unremitting toil of the aiithor. The whole work
is that of a profound scholar and an enthusiast." — Liverpool Post.
NEW AND IMPORTANT WORK BY GEO. W. STOW, F.G.S. F.R.G.S.
THE NATIVE RACES OF SOUTH AFRICA.
Edited by GEO. McCALL THEAL, Litt.D. LL.D. Royal Svo, with
numerous Illustrations. 21s. net.
MEMORIES OF MADRAS. By Sir Charles
LAWSON, Author of ' The Private Life of Warren Hastings.' With
4 Photogravure Portraits and 29 other Illustrations. Demy Svo,
10s. 6U net.
THE RESTORATION OF THE GILD SYSTEM.
By ARTHUR J. PENTY. Crown Svo, 3s. Qd. net.
NEW YOLUME OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCE SERIES.
A PRACTICAL PROGRAMME FOR WORKING
MEN. Crown 8vo, 2s. Qd.
THE STUDENT'S HYGIENE. By Ernest
EVANS, of the Technical School, Burnley. Crown 8vo, &. Qd.
" A concise and comprehensive exposition of practical demonstrations in
hygiene." — Scotsman.
"It is thoroughly sound and practical, and is admirably arranged."
Nottingham Guardian.
" We advise our readers to possess themselves of a copy, and to give it
their full attention." — Nursing Times.
A NEW PLAT IN BLANK YERSE BY THOMAS PINKERTON.
A NEW MEDEA. 2s. 6d.
BY COLONEL KENNEY HERBERT ("WYYERN").
VEGETARIAN AND SIMPLE DIET. Crown
8vo, 3s. 6cf. net.
" Full of good things in tho way of vegetarian recipes." — Daily Graphic.
"The book may aorve to introduce people to many tasty dishes, which
have the merit of giving a wider range of plain but pleasant fare."
Glasgow Herald.
THE NEW CLASSICAL LIBRARY.
Edited by Dr. EMIL REICH.
Cloth, 3<. (yd. net ; leather, 4s. 6c?. net each.
The following are now ready : — ■
1. THE THEAETETUS AND PHILEBUS OF
PLATO. Translated by H. F. CARLILL, M.A.
2. PLUTARCH'S LIVES OF ALEXANDER,
PERICLES, CAIUS C.-ESAR, AND .EMILIUS PAULUS. Trans-
lated by W. B. FRAZER.
3. THE ANNALS OF TACITUS (Books I.-VI.).
Translated by A. V. SYMONDS.
THE GIRLS' SCHOOL YEAR BOOK. (Public
Schools.) The First Annual Issue, under the direction of the Editors
of the ' Public Schools Year Book,' will be ready shortly. Crown 8vo,
cloth, 2*. 6d. net.
The G.S.Y.B. will give particulars of about 120 Public Secondary Schools
for Girls, including the leading High Schools throughout the kingdom ; and
all those of the Girls' Public Day Schools Company, Limited, the Church
Schools Company, Limited, and the Church Education Corporation.
A description will be given of each School which supports the scheme,
giving full particulars of Staff, number of Girls, Education, Terms, Entrance
Examinations, Scholarships, Fees, Games, Prizes, Honours, &c.
THE GROWTH OF THE ENGLISH MANOR.
By Prof. P. VINOGRADOFF. Demy 8vo, 10s. 6d.
" Seems likely at once to take rank as a leading authority upon its sub-
ject. " — Scotsman.
" Prof. Vinogradoffs method and the mastery of the detail of his subject
combine to produce a notable book." — Academy.
"He has compiled a large mass of information about the early history of
this country, which may usefully be studied in an age which seems likely to
be troubled by some of the very problems which vexed the souls of the people
of England in a somewhat remote past." — Notts Guardian.
Demy 8vo, 2^. Go/, net each.
LITTLE CYCLOPEDIA OF COMMON THINGS.
By Sir GEORGE W. COX, Bart. New Edition, Revised and
Enlarged.
THE TRAINING OF THE BODY. Adapted
from the German of Dr. F. A. SCHMIDT, by EUSTACE H. MILES,
M.A. [Second Edition.
THE HOME DOCTOR. By F. R. Walters, M.D.
[Third Edition.
CYCLOPEDIA OF EDUCATION. A New
Edition, thoroughly Revised and brought up to date. [Ready shortly.
NEW HISTORICAL NOYEL BY ARTHUR LILLIE, AUTHOR OF
'MODERN MYSTICS,' &C.
THE WORKSHOP OF RELIGIONS. Crown
8vo, 6s.
" Has a real historical value for the student of religions." — Daily News.
" This is a strange but singularly powerful romance of the time of Christ.
Herodias is one of the most prominent and powerful characters. Mr. Lillio
shows wonderful skill in dramatising the events of the period."
Pe)-th?hire Courier.
" The story runs on headlong with exciting incident from beginning to
end." — Light.
" Strongly written from the point of view of fiction." — Dundee Courier.
READY SHORTLY.
THE SCIENCE OF COMMON LIFE. By
J. B. COPPOCK, B.Sc. Lond., F.I.C. F.C.S., Principal of the Schools of
Science, Kendal.
SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., Limited, 25, High Street, Bloomsbury, W.C.
104
THE ATHENAEUM
N*4090, April 28, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NEW BOOKS.
YOL. I. NOW READY.
POPULAR EDITION-UNABRIDGED.
The Life of
WILLIAM EWART
GLADSTONE.
Bv JOHN MOB LEY, M.P.
In 2 vols. Svo. Vol. I. (1809-1872), with Portrait, 5«. net
".* Case for binding Vol. I., 9rf. net.
LORD CURZON IN INDIA.
Being a Selection from his Speeches as Viceroy and Governor-
General of India, 1898-1906. With a Portrait, Explanatory
Notes, and an Index, and with an Introduction by Sir
THOMAS RALEIGH, K.C.S.I. Svo, 12*. net.
MEMOIRS OF
ARCHBISHOP TEMPLE.
By SBYEN FRIENDS. Edited by E. G. SANDFORD,
Arahdeacon of Exeter. With Photogravure and other
Illustrations. In 2 vols. Svo, 36». net.
HENRY SI DG WICK: a Memoir.
By A. S. and E. M. S. With Portraits. 8vo, 12*. M. net
A HISTORY OF
ENGLISH PROSODY FROM
THE TWELFTH CENTURY
TO THE PRESENT DAY.
By GEORGE SAINTSBURY, Professor of Rhetoric and
EnglUh Literature in the University of Edinburgh. 8 vols.
8vo. Vol. I. FROM THE ORIGINS TO SPENSER.
10*. net [Tuesday.
A HANDBOOK OF
BRITISH INLAND BIRDS.
By ANTHONY COLLETT. With Coloured and Outline
Plates of Eggs by ERIC PARKER. Crown 8vo, 6*.
[Tuesday.
ID0LA THEATRI.
A Criticism of Oxford Thought and Thinkers from the
standpoint of Personal Idealism. By HENRY STURT.
Svo, 10«. net.
BY CANON HENSLEY HENSON.
RELIGION IN THE SCHOOLS.
Addresses on Fundamental Christianity delivered in St
Margaret's, Westminster, during Lent, 1906. Crown 8vo,
is. M. net.
NEW NOYEL BY THE AUTHOR OF
'THE YIRGINIAN.'
LADY BALTIMORE.
By OWEN WISTER. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. 6*.
THE TITLE-MART.
A Comedy in Three Acts. By WINSTON CHURCHILL.
Globe 8vo, 3k. 6rf. net.
THE CENTURY MAGAZINE.
Illustrated. Price 1*. id. Annual Subscription, 16*.
The MA V NUMBER contains :
THE GARDEN OF THE SUN. Route Notes in Sicily.
II. By William Sharp.
A QUESTION OF COMMAND. By Harvey J. O'Higgins.
FENWICKN CAREER. VII. A Novel. Bv MRS.
HUMPHRY WARD.
And numerous other Stories and Articles of General Interest.
ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE FOR CHILDREN.
ST. NICHOLAS.
Price 1«. Annual Subscription, lis.
Messrs. HURST d BLACK ETTS
NEW NOVELS are now in
great demand at all Booksellers'
and Libraries.
EACH AT 8IX SHILLINGS.
THE PREY
OF THE STRONGEST.
By MORLEY ROBERTS,
Author of ' Rachel Marr,' &c.
"Mr. JUSTIN HUNTLY McCARTHY has
chosen for the latest manifestation of his hi^h
talent and his fine taste a theme which befits
them welL
THE FLOWER OF FRANCE.
(1 vol. 6s.)
tells a noble tale right nobly ; it is that of Joan
' the Maid,' a story of the might of faith and
patriotism, the sublime devotion of a woman and
the shame of two great States.
" The author has utilized every record of authen-
tic history, and enriched them by his wit, his
glowing imagination, and that poetic dignity of
language, never over ornate, but always harmonious
with its topic, which has distinguished his writings
from the first."
Extract from a Review in the WOULD.
THE BLACK CUIRASSIER.
By PHILIP STEVENSON,
Author of ' A Gendarme of the King.'
" A novel far above the average of its kind.
The characters are human beings, and not mere lay
figures." — Daily Express.
"Mr. Stevenson has conveyed with admirable
skill a sense of the shifting and tumultuous camps,
and has given a fine study of the Germany of the
Thirty Years' War."— Tribune.
JIMMY QUIXOTE.
By TOM GALLON.
"Told with great delicacy and though tfulness.
All the characters are drawn with sympathy and
with insight." — Standard.
"Its author has given us nothing better since
' Tatterly.'"— Daily Telegraph.
THE TRIUMPHS OF EUGENE
VALM0NT.
By ROBERT BARR.
" Valmont is a detective, he meets with thrilling
adventures." — St. James's Gazette.
" Told with infectious skill and brightness."
Standard.
UNDER THE ARCH OF LIFE.
By LADY HENRY SOMERSET.
"The story is one which will hold throughout
the reader's interest." — Times.
" A strong book and deserves recognition."
Daily Mail.
THE WHITE HAND.
By CARL JOUBERT.
"The story of 'The White Hand' is a fine
romance, full of the intense pity and the profound
conviction of Joubert." — World.
" Begin the book and you must continue it to
the inevitable ending— well written — by one who
knows, who loves, and hates." — Daily Chronicle.
MESSRS. CONSTABLES
LIST.
RENASCENCE PORTRAITS. By
PAUL VAN DYKE, D.D. Illustrated with Portraits
in Photogravure. Demy Svo, 10c Grf. net. Studies of
Pietro An-tino, Thomas Cromwell, and Maximilian.
DAILY TBLBQRA I'll.—" The work will be found M
useful to the student a* it will be found attractive by the
reader with a liking for historical biography."
ALEXANDER HAMILTON. By
F. S. OLIVER. Illustrated with Portraits. Demv
Svo, 12*. Orf. net.
This study of the great American Federalist and his work
is divided into the following sections : I. The Independence
of the States. II. The Union of the suites. IIL The
Federalists. IV. The Democrats. V. Politicians. VI.
Conclusion.
Mr. Frederic Harrison, writing in the TRIBUNE,
Bays : — " Adequately supplies a real want in political his-
tory....Mr. Oliver has set Alexander Hamilton in his true
place: the intellectual creator of the great commonweal th
of which George Washington was the typical father and
the moral hero."
A SHORT HISTORY OF ITALY
[476-1900). By HENRY DWIGHT SEDGWICK. With
.Map. Demy Svo, s*. Crf. net.
MA NCUBSTBR GUARDIAN.—" It is exactly the kind
of history that an intelligent traveller requires as a guide.
We have no doubt that it will be widely appreciated.
THE ENGLAND AND HOLLAND
OF THE PILGRIMS. Bv the late HENRY MARTYN
DEXTER, D.D. LL.D., and his Son, MORTON DEX-
TER. Illustrated. Demy Svo, 15». net.
THE RELIGION OF ALL GOOD
MEN, and other Studies in Christian Ethic*. By
H. W. GARROD, Fellow of Merton College, Oxford.
Extra crown Svo, 5s. net.
THE FLORENTINE HISTORY.
Written by NICCOLO MACHIAYELLI. Translated
from the Italian by NINIAN HILL THOMSON, M.A.
In 2 vols, crown 8vo, 15#. net. [Immediately.
SCARABS : an Introduction to the
Study of Egyptian Seals and Signet Rings. Bv PERCY
E. NEWBERRY, Author of 'The Life of Rekhmara,'
' A Short History of Ancient Egypt,' Ac. WTith 44 Plates
and numerous Illustrations in the Text Royal 8vo,
Vis. net.
NEW 8IX-SHILLING NOVEL8.
MR. JOHN STR00D.
By PERCY WHITE,
Author of ' Park Lane,' ' The West End,' Ac.
DAILY TELEGRAPH.—" ' Mr. John Strood ' is deeply
interesting for a variety of qualities."
TRIBUNE.—" It is an uncommonly clever book, one of
the best that has been offered for some time past, and its
author is an uncommonly brilliant writer."
HENRY NORTHCOTE. By J. C.
SNAITH, Author of 'Broke of Covenden," 'Mistress
Dorothy Marvin,' Ac.
THE ARENA. By Harold Spender.
[Monday next.
THE WHEEL OF LIFE. By Ellen
GLASGOW, Author of "The Deliverance,' Ac.
DAILY MAIL.—" A clever book and a sympathetic one.
The social pictures of New York are in every way
admirable."
THE SHADOW OF LIFE. By Anne
DOUGLAS SEDGWICK, Author of "The Paths of
Judgment,' Ac.
MANCHESTER GUARDIAN. — "A remarkable And
powerful book, finely conceived and admirably executed."
C U R A Y L. By Una L. Silberrad,
Author of 'The Success of Mark Wyngate,' 'Petronilla
Hcroven,' Ac.
PUNCH.—" Any one who has read much contemporary
feminine tic I ion will understand the greatness of the author's
achievement I put it down with an unstinted admira-
tion for its technique and the naturalness of its dialogue
with B strong desire to read it again at once."
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd., London.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & CO., Limited,
16, James Street, Hayniarket.
N°4096, April 28, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
505
SATUEDAY, APRIL 28, 1906.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
505
506
507
508
The Poems of Cowper
Three Dorset Sea-Captains
A Friend of Marie Antoinette
An Anthology of French Lyrics
New Novels (Kid McGhie ; A Millionaire's Court-
ship ; A Simple Gentleman ; A Son of Arvon ; The
Lady of the Decoration ; A Maid of Normandy ;
Thurtell's Crime ; The Adventures of a Super-
cargo ; George's Whims) . . . . . . 509 — 510
Short Stories 510
Reminiscences 511
Our Library Table (Lord Curzon in India ; British
Citizenship ; The French Army in 1906 ; Disestab-
lishment in France ; Dearlove ; Kakemono ; The
Brighton Road ; The Library ; A New Edition of
Lytton ; Everyman's Library) 511 — 514
List of New Books 514
The Butterfly; "That Two-handed Engine at
the Door " ; Hunting the " seladang " ; The
Family of William Blake; Julius Beerbohm ;
The Asloan MS. ; The Spring Publishing
Season 515—516
Literary Gossip 517
science— Our Library Table (The Founders of
Geology ; Darwin on Climbing Plants ; Modern
Cosmogonies ; Experimental Electrochemistry) ;
Stereo - Isomerism ; M. Pierre Curie;
Societies ; Meetings Next week ; Gossip 518—521
Fine Arts— The New Gallery ; Sales ; Gossip 521—522
Music — Joachim Quartet Concert ; Violin
Recitals ; Gossip ; Performances Next
Week 523
Drama— Gossip 524
Index to Advertisers 524
LITERATURE
The Poems of William Cowper. Edited,
with an Introduction and Notes, by
J. C. Bailey. (Methuen & Co.)
The Poetical Works of William Cowper.
Edited by H. S. Milford. "Oxford
Poets." (Frowde.)
After thirty-six years of neglect Cowper's
verse has, by a happy coincidence, found,
almost at the same instant, two inde-
pendent and equally earnest editors.
Mr. Bailey, indeed, is a frank enthusiast ;
and, if fidelity and thoroughness indicate
devotion, his friendly rival does not come
behind in that respect. The Oxford
editor's work, as conditioned by the
general scheme of the series to which his
book belongs, is mainly textual and
chronological ; within these limits, how-
ever, it is of first-rate quality. Mr. Bailey's
library edition, on the other hand, is on
a more comprehensive scale, and includes
a critical Introduction, written with sym-
pathy, insight, and abundant knowledge ;
a full textual and exegetical commentary ;
and a series of illustrations, including two
novel designs by Blake — with a sheaf of
thirty-five new letters thrown in as an
addamus luero. In short, the book would
leave nothing to be desired, were the
editor's judgment but as sound on textual
as it undoubtedly is on biographical and
aesthetic questions. Unfortunately, it is
just here — in his dealings with the text —
that Mr. Bailey lies open to criticism.
The bulk of Cowper's poetry is con-
tained in the ' Poems ' of 1782 and ' The
Task,' published in 1785. Besides these,
eight editions appeared in the poet's life-
time, between the years 1786 and 1799
inclusive. That Cowper carefully corrected
the volumes of 1782 and 1785 is certain,
but there is nothing to show that he saw
the proofs of any other edition ; the
evidence, such as there is, points the other
way. Cowper had given away the copy-
rights to his publisher, Johnson of St.
Paul's Churchyard, and doubtless John-
son, as Mr. Milford observes, " produced
editions as they were wanted, on his own
responsibility." Errors of the press
already intrude in 1786 ; they are rife in
the editions from 1793 to 1799. The
sheets of the second collective edition
(1787) were passed by some pragmatical
mar-all who seems to have spent his spare
time in conning Addison's ' Humble
Petition of " Who " and " Which," '
since he has installed these forms in
every place where, in Cowper's own
volumes, " the Jack Sprat That had
supplanted them." To the same purist
we owe a group of entirely gratuitous
verbal " corrections," which in too many
instances have been perpetuated by editors
of a later day. Thus, where (' The Task,'
hi. 131) Cowper speaks of " the remainder
half," this wiseacre prints " remaining "
— oblivious or, more likely, ignorant of
the Shakspearean " remainder biscuit."
Again, he alters Cowper's phrase " in
heathen heaven" ('The Task,' ii. 660)
to "in Juno's heaven " ; and where
(ibid., 436-7) the text of 1785 runs,
To me as odious as the nasal twang
At conventicle heard,
he takes upon him to change the order of
the words to " Heard at conventicle,"
because, forsooth, the historical accentua-
tion, sanctioned by Shakspeare, Beau-
mont and Fletcher, Daniel, Butler,
and Dryden, offends his modern ear !
In the last two alterations, one regrets
to find, he is followed by Mr. Bailey ;
and this brings us to the weakness which
underlies Mr. Bailey's text. It was open
to him to reprint the volumes of 1782 and
1785, correcting obvious errors of the
press, and giving in his notes the variants
exhibited in the later editions. In that
case the reader would have had Cowper's
own text — the editio prineeps — before him,
and, with the help of the notes, might,
in every difficult or disputed place, have
formed his own conclusions as to what
Cowper actually wrote or meant to write.
But Mr. Bailey has preferred to print an
eclectic text of his own, and although in
most cases his choice justifies itself, in
others his judgment is at fault. He
rightly prefers the earlier to the later
editions, but occasionally, as in the in-
stances given above, he falls into strange
mistakes. In ' The Task,' i. 527, Cowper
describes the gorse as " shapeless and
deform." That meddlesome pedant, the
press reader of 1787, alters this to " shape-
less and deformed " — and this imperti-
nence is actually adopted, and justified as
a " legitimate correction," by Mr. Bailey !
" The change," he observes, " is, in fact,
simply the adoption of a modern form of
the word." A harsh critic would say that,
in hazarding such a statement, Mr. Bailey
betrays his unfitness for the office he has
undertaken. " Deform " and " deformed"
are two words, distinct in provenance,
which have coexisted independently in our
language since the close of the fourteenth
century. Nor is it easy to see how a word
found in ' Fifine at the Fair ' comes to be
discarded, as already obsolete, from a
poem of the year 1785. The truth is that
Cowper borrows " deform " from Milton :
Sight so deform what heart of rock could long
Dry-ey'd behold ?
Again, Mr. Bailey is surely in error when
he rejects " fomentation," as a " manifest
mistake," from the following passage
(' The Task,' iii. 508-10) :—
The auspicious moment, when the tempered heat,
Friendly to vital motion, may afford
Soft fomentation, and invite the seed.
All the editions from 1785 to 1795, he
tells us, have " fomentation." Here also
he seems to be astrav, for, according to
Mr. Milford, the text of 1786 reads ""fer-
mentation," a word which occurs in the
context (1. 519), and is here substituted
by Mr. Bailey for " fomentation." But
a' careful perusal of the whole passage
(11. 463-525) confirms the reading of 1785.
In the first place, the sense requires
" fomentation " ; and, secondly, Cowper
would not, in 1. 510, have described as
" soft " the " fermentation " which, in
1. 519, he describes as " raging." Mr.
Bailey, again, would have done well
to apply his principle of reverting to
the early texts to the translations from
Horace. In the ' Journey to Brundu-
sium ' he reprints Hayley's tinkered
version, which (says Mr. Milford) " has
descended through Sou they to almost
all modern editors," instead of the editio
prineeps in John Duncombe's ' Works
of Horace in English Verse.' Hayley
ingeniously perverts the sense by punctuat-
ing 11. 84-5 as follows : —
Tir'd, at Munena's we repose ;
At Formia sup at Capito's.
The original runs : —
In Mamurrarum lassi deinde urbe manemus,
Murena prrebente domum, Capitone culinam,
— words correctly paraphrased in Cowper's
couplet when punctuated as it appears
in Duncombe and in Mr. Milford's text : —
Tir'd, at Mura?na's we repose
At Formia, sup at Capito's.
These instances of editorial fallibility
are cited here, not with a view of dis-
paraging Mr. Bailey's work, which, on
the whole, displays sound judgment and
exemplary care, but to illustrate the dis-
advantages of an eclectic text, which leaves
the reader uncertain as to what is before
him, and is foredoomed to suffer through
such occasional lapses as those above
indicated. It is only fair to add that Mr.
Bailey has in many cases restored
Cowper's text where 'Hayley. Southey,
Bell, and Benham have, some or all of
them, substituted an unauthorized and
inferior reading. It is pleasant to find the
opening lines of ' The Winter Evening »
printed — save for the comma after
" bridge " — just as they appear in Cowper's
own text of 1785 : —
Hark ! 'tis the twanging horn ! o'er yonder bridge,
That with its wearisome but needful length
Bestrides the wintry flood, in which the moon
Sees her unwrinkled face reflected bright,
He comes, the herald of a noisy world, &c.
500
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4096, April 28, 1906
The ordinary pointing, which perverts
the sense (" Hark ! 'tis the twanging
horn o'er yonder bridge reflected
bright ; "), dates from 1793. Mrs. Oli-
phant (' Selections from the Poems of
Cowper,' BCacmillan, 1883) restored the
original punctuation, to which Mr. Bailey,
who professes to follow the first edition,
lias unwittingly added a supererogatory
comma at the close of the first line.
In the following passage, again, Mr.
Bailey reverts to the text of 1785 : —
Here Ouse, slow winding through a level plain
Conducts the eye along his sinuous course
Delighted. There, fast rooted in his bank,
Stand, never overlooked, our favourite elms, &c.
The penultimate line becomes " fast
rooted in their bank " in the edition of
1787, and this stupid blunder has
been followed by Bell, Bruce, and
Benham. Amongst the few changes
adopted on conjecture bv Mr. Bailey,
that of " E'en " for " E'er," in the last
tone of the stanzas beginning " William
was once a bashful youth," may be men-
tioned as almost certain. Here, how-
ever, he has been anticipated by Mrs.
Oliphant. While on the subject of con-
jectures we may point out a happy guess
admitted by Mr. Milford — his single
venture in this kind — in the third stanza
of the ode beginning " Say, ye apostate
and^profane " : —
To arm against repeated ill
The patient heart too brave to feel
The tortures of despair ;
Nor suffer yet high-crested Pride,
When wealth flows in with ey'ry tide,
To gain admittance there ;
— where, in the fourth line, all other
editions but Mr. Milford's read, " Nor
safer yet," &c.
Mr. Bailey's researches amongst the
Wei borne papers have elicited some inter-
esting particulars relating to the life of
Cowper. Everybody knows that in their
early days an attachment existed between
Cowper and his cousin Theodora, whose
father, Ashley Cowper, refused to sanction
an engagement, on the ground of their
close relationship. " Among the MSS.
of the poet preserved at Welborne Rec-
tory," writes Mr. Bailey (Introduction,
p.xii),
"is a curious relic of this disappointment.
It is a Latin assay, arguing that marriage
between cousins is lawful. The handwriting,
it is true, is ... . that of John Johnson. That
fact, however, is far from disproving the
poet's authorship, for the box in which it
has long been preserved is full of copies by
Johnson of his cousin's poems and letters.
Moreover I found it in close company with
another Latin essay [philosophical], which
is in the hand of Cowper .... and is appa-
rently written as an exercise for the degree
of Bachelor of Arts. Both treatises are cast
in the form of a speecli to a* learned company
.... but the defence of the marriago of cousins
contains no diroct reference to the Bachelor's
degree. Cowper was not at a university. He
must therefore havo either written the philo-
sophical treatise on behalf of a univorsity
friend, or merely have chosen this form as a
convenient one for the purpose of his essay.
The thesis on marriage, if his work, may
have been cast in the same form for the same
reason. In any case, whether he wrote it
or not, here it is among his papers, and it is
difficult not to connoct it with this episode
in his life. We cannot but bo touched as
we picture him, drawing up himself, or
copying out from some ono else, this learned
Latin dissertation, full of classical and
biblical lore, and hoping so to move his
recalcitrant uncle and gain his Theodora."
Mr. Bailey has unearthed two interesting
letters bearing on the subject of Cowper's
relations with Mrs. Unwin. The Rev.
Josiah Bull, in his biography of John
Newton, relates that his grandfather
William Bull was informed by Mrs.
Unwin herself that her marriage with the
poet had been arranged, and was actually
pending when his second attack of
insanity (1773) intervened. Southey, in
his life of Cowper, denies that an en-
gagement existed. But Mr. Bailey quotes
an unpublished letter from the Rev.
Samuel Greatheed, Cowper's neighbour
and friend, to John Johnson, his cousin,
which
" shows that among those who were nearest
to Cowper there was no doubt whatever as
to the fact [of the engagement], but only as
to the propriety of mentioning it. It seems
to have been withheld deliberately, even
details pointing to it being struck out [of
Cowper's letters]. . . .The object of the con-
cealment appears to have been to spare the
feelings of Theodora Cowper, who, as Lady
Hesketh knew, had not only never forgotten
her love for the poet, but had thought of him
as feeling much more than a cousin's affection
for her to the end. Of this I have come across
a curious proof. A year after Cowper's
death, Hayley, writing to John Johnson,
sends him a copy of ' a very interesting
mysterious poem, supposed by the tender
Theodora to bo written by our beloved Bard
and intended for her private intelligence as
addressed to her self. ,' The verses appeared
in the St. James's Chronicle, addressed ' To
a Friend and Relation,' in June, 1793.
[Mr. Bailey quotes the stanzas, and adds :]
The closing lines are much in Cowper's
manner, and the improbability of the piece
being his lies not so much in the style, as in
the fact of there being no evidence in his
letters to Lady Hesketh that he ever thought
of Theodora, or dreamed she thought of him,
at this time. Anyhow, it is touching to
think of her sending her anonymous gifts
through Lady Hosketli to the unforgotten
lover of her youth, and fancying she read
his anonymous reply when she took up her
St. James's Chronicle ! But it is obvious
that, so long as she lived, Lady Hesketh,
and those whom Lady Hesketh had influ-
enced, would wish to spare her the knowledge
that Cowper had even contemplated marriage
with another woman."
Mr. Milford's volume, which we have
already mentioned briefly, is a miracle
of cheapness, handiness, and legibility.
The type is large, clear, and handsome.
For the text of the poems included in the
volumes of 1782 and 1785 the editor has
followed the royal 8vo edition dated 1800.
It would, we hold, have been better to
reprint the editio princeps : but this would
have added considerably to the diffi-
culties of an arduous task, and, after all,
it matters comparatively little which of
the early editions is followed, so long as
it is followed consistently throughout, the
misprints rectified, and the variants fully
and accurately recorded at the foot of
the page. This tedious work Mr. Milford
has executed with careful diligence. Where
two versions of a posthumous poem are
extant, one version has been reprinted
throughout, the variants of the other
being given in the notes. Mr. Milford's
researches amongst the journals of the day
have enabled him to assign earlier dates
than have hitherto been given for the first
appearance of several of the miscellaneous
poems. About thirty pages of notes are
printed at the end, in which textual
questions are treated at greater length
than the foot-notes allowed. A ' List of the
Chief Editions Consulted,' and a useful
' Chronological Table,' containing the
leading events of the poet's life, and some
important points in the lives of contem-
porary writers, complete the contents of
this excellent edition.
The Three Dorset Captains at Trafalgar :
Thomas Masterman Hardy, Charles
Batten, Henry Digby. By A. M.
Broadley and R. G. Bartelot. (John
Murray.)
The authors of this book, which is vir-
tually a life of Sir Thomas Masterman
Hardy — Nelson's Hardy — have exercised
a sound judgment in withholding it till
the flood of ephemeral literature belonging
to the centenary of Trafalgar had subsided.
It would otherwise have run considerable
risk of being overwhelmed by it ; for the
title seems directly to associate it with
the memory of that great victory. In
truth, it has very little to do with it ;
and though in a life of Hardy Nelson
must be a dominant name, the main
interest of the story here is rather Hardy
as a man than Hard}' as an officer. We
have him, in fact, very much in undress,
from his schooldays to his grave. The
incidents of his service, essential as they
are, are kept rather in the background ;
and this is just as it should be. We have
had enough and to spare about Nelson
the hero ; about the Nile, Copenhagen,
and Trafalgar, in all of which Hardy had
a part — in the last a very big part. But
his intimacy with Nelson has been often
described ; his last interviews have been
portrayed in painful detail : and we turn
with relief in the pages of this volume
to the life of Hardy as Hardy, to the
account of his family, his relations and
friends, and to his private letters, here
printed with what we cannot but consider
a needless and certainly unavailing
attempt at literal accuracy — unavailing,
for sundry misspellings are, perhaps
automatically, corrected, and in some
instances — to judge from the facsimile of
the letter after Trafalgar — words have
been misread : a pardonable error, for
the writing is justly described by Hardy
himself as a " scrall."
One of the most interesting points
which the authors — Dorset men, and bent
on the glorification of their count}7 — aim
at establishing is the family bond between
Hardy and his namesakes of the eighteenth
century — Thomas Hardy, who has a monu-
ment in Westminster Abbey, and the two
Charles Hardys, the younger of whom
N°4096, April 28, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
507
was second in command at the battle of
Quiberon Bay, " when Hawke came
swooping from the West." Nor, in The
Athenceum, is it out of place to note also
his relationship — if this bond exists — to
the late Deputy Keeper of the Rolls, Sir
Thomas Duffus Hardy. The pedigree,
however, is based mainly on the assump-
tion that a younger son of the Jersey
family migrated to Dorset in the reign of
Henry VII. A genealogist cannot accept
this as matter of fact ; a correspondent of
Notes and Queries (March 31st) has shown
that it is, at best, very doubtful, and that
all that can certainly be said on the
subject is that there were Hardys in
Jersey and Hardys in Dorsetshire. Of
these last was Thomas Masterman Hardy,
who was born in 1769. Such schooling
as he had was at Crev/kerne, but his oppor-
tunities were limited, and it may be sup-
posed that he did not make the best of
them, for to the last, even as a Lord of
the Admiralty, he seems to have found it
difficult to express his meaning in written
words. If we bear this in mind, and also
that a plain man is very apt to take his
surroundings for granted, it is not sur-
prising that Hardy's letters contain singu-
larly little news. They are filled for the
most part with inquiries after friends, with
references to kindnesses done or intended ;
but of the great war that he went through
there is next to nothing. The war, in
fact, was so entirely a component of the
atmosphere in which Hardy lived, that
it had become a matter of routine, to be
mentioned only when it blazed out in a
great battle, or when the interesting
question of prize money came on the board.
It is unnecessary to dwell at length on
the characteristics which are here dis-
closed. Hardy appears as the very per-
sonification of valour and devotion, of
integrity, tact, and kindliness ; just such
a man, in fact, as we love to picture to
ourselves as the ideal sailor of the Platonic
heaven, but not a genius. And it would
seem that he struck his contemporaries
in the same way. His hero-worship of
Nelson never led him to countenance
the liaison with Lady Hamilton, and it is
to Nelson's credit as well as to Hardy's
that his espousal of Lady Nelson's part
in the inevitable domestic breach did not
lead to any estrangement between the
friends.
Although Hardy was with Nelson in
all his actions, and although there is a
controversy resulting from each of them,
it is only in the case of Copenhagen
that Hardy so much as touches the fringe
of the matter. At Copenhagen he was
not actually engaged ; his ship by reason
of her draught was compelled to remain
with the Commander-in-Chief. But he
was in a position to know what was being
said in the fleet, and his account of the
celebrated negotiations for the truce,
written three days after the battle, is
as follows : —
" His Lordship finding his littlo squadron
very hard pressed by the Batterys after the
ships had struck, the wind not sufficient to
take off his prizes and crippled ships, he
very deliberately sent a Flag of Truce on
shore to say that his orders were not to
destroy the City of Copenhagen, therefore,
to save more efusion of blood he would grant
them a trace and land their wounded as soon
as possible. The Prince thanked him for
his great humanity, and entered into a
negotiation that moment which allowed
him to get off all the Prizes that was not
sunk or burnt, and his own ships, five of
which at this time were on shore within
gunshot of the Batteries."
It will be remembered that Nelson
always indignantly denied the truth of
this view, insisting on the purity of his
motives, and it is agreed nowadays that,
though there may have been an arriere-
pensee, there was nothing that amounted
to deceit. That Hardy should have
thought otherwise illustrates merely the
simplicity of his view ; he had heard it
said that it was so, and in the fitness of
things he could see no objection, for all
is fair in war.
We feel ourselves specially indebted to
the authors for the elaborate and careful
pedigrees which they have given — pedi-
grees which will prove of particular
interest to Dorset men ; for even a
doubtful link may still be suggestive. The
muster-roll of the Victory is also interesting,
and the scarcity of foreign names — which,
however, cannot be trusted implicitly —
suggests that a statement recently made
in the House of Commons by a Cabinet
minister, that in Nelson's day twenty
per cent, of the seamen in the royal navy
were foreigners, was not strictly accurate.
Foreigners there were, and always had
been, but rarely, if ever, anything like
twenty per cent.
We should have nothing but praise to
offer in respect of the volume, were it not
that the press has been inadequately
corrected ; there are too many misprints,
though whether the mention of " a ship
between seven and eight thousand tons "
(p. 2G5) is to be so called may seem
doubtful. In any case, a very careful
revision will be necessary when the book
goes, as we hope it speedily will, to a
second edition. On the other hand, the
illustrations are numerous, well executed,
and in many instances but little, if at all
known. Special mention must be made
of the frontispiece, the portrait of Hardy
from a miniature, which, though different,
is in perfect correspondence with the
familiar portrait at Greenwich. The por-
traits of Bullen and Digby are also most
interesting ; so, too, is that of Nelson
" by an unknown Italian artist," if only
as an escape from the exaggerated softness
which is such a marked feature in the
portraits by Abbott. It is strongly
Italian in style, and the expression is so
decidedly unpleasing that it is hard to
resist the impression that tho artist was
a strong sympathizer with Caracciolo.
A Friend of Marie Antoinette (Lady
Atkyns). Translated from the French
of Frederic Barbey. With a Preface
by Victorien Sardou. (Chapman &
Hall.)
If M. Barbey, in his 'Une Amie de Marie
Antoinette,' published last year, by no
means solved the mystery connected with
the death of Louis XVI. 's son — " La
Question Louis XVII.," as it is called in
France — he at least did something to
discredit the official version, according
to which the Dauphin died in the Temple
Prison in June. 1795. The multitude of
" faux dauphins " (some fifteen, we believe)
and the zeal which the Restoration Govern-
ment showed in exposing and punishing
their pretensions, contributed towards the
acceptance of this story ; but there were
always some who held that there could
not have been smoke without fire, and who
gave credit to the statement of the jailer
Simon's widow that she had herself seen
the child carried off. And now the dis-
covery of the Atkyns correspondence,
and researches made by M. Barbey which
confirm some of the statements supposed
to have been officially proved false, make
it seem extremely probable that there was
an escape from the Temple, effected by
means of a substitution. Since an English
lady was the inspirer, and in seme sort
director, of this attempt (for at some point
or other it ultimately failed), it is fitting
enough that the English public should
have an account of the matter in their
own language.
There are some points about this
English heroine concerning which M.
Barbey and his translator have not
satisfied us. In the first place, she has
certainly no right to the title of " Lady."
M. Sardou in his introduction makes her
marry a peer ; and in the body of the
work a baronetage is spoken of. But on
referring to the entries in The Gentleman's
Magazine which record her marriage and
her husband's death, we find the " Sir
Edward Atkyns " of the text to be plain
Edward Atkyns, Esq., of Ketteringham,
Norfolk. Then, again, we cannot allow
as sufficient M. Barbey's reason for a
gentleman's daughter going on the stage
in the eighteenth century — the effect of
the Norfolk scenery upon a very enthu-
siastic temperament and " a most original
mind." His fortnight's stay in England
was not enough to enable him to ascertain
whether " pretty Miss Walpole " was or
was not a direct descendant of Sir Robert
Walpole (whom he calls " Earl of Oxford");
but surely a little )nore research might
have done it. Again, the reason given
by the Countess McNamara for the young
couple going to live on the Continent —
because they had not many friends in
England — which M. Barbey finds " not a
very plausible " explanation, may become
so, if we suppose the match between a young
squire and a Drury Lane actress to have
been displeasing to the society of a some-
what conservative county. Moreover,
there seems to us some ground for thinking
that Charlotte Walpole came not from
Norfolk, but from Ireland— a supposition
which would help to explain both her
success upon the stage and her extravagant
devotion to the Bourbon cause.
However, we may fairly say that the
author has gone far towards convincing us
of what he sets out to show, viz., that
" Lady [fie] Atkyns was the leading spirit
of a royalist committeo formed for the pur-
>08
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4096, April 28, 1906
pose <>f Beoaring the Daaphin'i escape, and
thut not only his escape was practicable,
thanks to the intervention of people high
in authority— probably of Barras — but that
it uius in fact oarried out."
Whether the contents of the Atkyns
letters, read in connexion with those of
Laurent, the later jailer of the Due de
Xonnandie, whose authenticity appears
to he confirmed by them, amount to
" absolute disproof " of the official writers,
i- another question. It is admitted that,
if the Dauphin did escape he disappeared
again for ever ; and it seems not im-
probable that the English lady's agents
were the dupes of those "people high in
authority " who had objects of their own,
and that she ruined herself — she is
supposed to have expended some 80,000/.
in the affair — all in vain.
Even the interview, or interviews,
between Madame Atkyns (as the original
has the name) and Marie Antoinette in
prison which M. Barbey accepts as proved
on the testimony of the Chevalier de
Frotte and the Countess McNamara, he
admits to be " enveloped in mystery."
The author is probably right in deciding
for the Conciergerie and the later date.
According to the version he follows, the
former actress was disguised in the uniform
of the National Guard, was turned out
of the prison for endeavouring to convey
a note in a bouquet, and swallowed the
note ; and, having procured a subsequent
interview by the bribe of a thousand
louis, failed to persuade the Queen to
change clothes with her, but received
letters for royalist friends in England.
Before their parting Marie Antoinette
had commended the Dauphin to " her
friend's tender solicitude " ; and from
that moment the latter resolved to "do
for the son what she had not been able to
do for the mother."
Probability points to August, 1793, as
the time of these meetings ; in September
a note among the Atkyns papers refers
to plans of rescue both from the Temple
and the Conciergerie ; but in the following
month Marie Antoinette was guillotined.
Her would-be deliverer was now persuaded
that she would better serve the cause she
had at heart by directing operations from
England than by further personal enter-
prises. During the next two years she
constantly left her country house and
came to London, staying " either at the
Royal Hotel or else with friends at 17,
Park Lane," to consult with her chief
assistants, the journalist Jean Gabriel
Peltier and M. Cormier, a Breton magistrate
and owner of estates in San Domingo.
She also frequently saw the Chevalier de
Frotte, but the gallant Chouan leader,
though an admirer of long standing, does
not appear to have been fully trusted.
Cormier's house in Paris, in the Rue
Basse du Rempart, was the focus of
operations, his wife (who, to avoid sus-
picion, obtained a divorce from him as an
emigre) remaining on the spot. Three
sailing vessels were hired to ply between
different points on the French coast, and
hold themselves in readiness to take away
the Dauphin, if he could be got out of the
Temple ; and an elaborate system of
signals and correspondence wa8 organized
between the directors of the plan in
England and their agents in France.
LTnfortunately, as M. Barbey remarks,
most of the last-named it is impossible
to identify, owing to the careful
measures taken to conceal their names.
More unfortunately still, the two state-
ments drawn up by Cormier on
August 1st, 1794, " in which Lady
Atkyns recorded all that she had
achieved down to that date for the safety
of those who were so dear to her,"are not
forthcoming.
The most important letter in the corre-
spondence is that of Cormier to Mrs.
Atkyns, dated October 8th, 1794. In
this he writes : —
" I must just send you this brief note in
haste (for it is just post time) to bid you not
merely be at rest, but to rejoice ! I am
able to assure you positively that the Master
and his belongings are saved ! There is no
doubt about it. But say nothing of this,
keep it absolutely secret, do not let it be
suspected even by your bearing. Moreover,
nothing will happen to-day, or to-morrow,
or the day after, nor for more than a month ;
but I am quite sure of what I say, and I was
never more at ease in my own mind. I can
give you no details now, and can only tell
you all when we meet."
Laurent's letter giving tidings to
" General " of the substitution of the mute
for the Dauphin accords, as the author
says, " in a remarkable way," with
Cormier's communication. On Novem-
ber 5th Barras had become a member
of the Committee of Public Safety. In
the following March his employe informs
him that " the best and safest steps have
been taken to ensure the Dauphin's
safety " by means of the transference of
the mute to the palace of the Temple, to
be passed off, if necessary, as " the true
prince," and the substitution for him of
another.
Meanwhile Cormier has gone to the
Continent, and a letter comes from him
from Hamburg stating that
" our agents have not kept to their plans,
but they have done wisely. . . .Things are
in such a condition that they can be neither
hastened nor delayed."
Within a week of this arrives the report
of Louis XVII. 's death in prison (June 8th,
1795). Then, finally, Cormier writes to
Mrs. Atkyns in October that " we have
been taken in totally and completely."
He speaks of a diary by which he meant
to trace the sequence of events : —
" The entries for the first two months are
missing for the present — the least interesting
period certainly, since down to that time,
and for several months afterwards, only the
project of carrying off the Dauphin was being
kept in view, the project which had to be
abandoned afterwards in favour of another
which seemed simpler and more feasible, as
well as less perilous."
Yet it was long before Mrs. Atkyns
herself gave up hope, and though she had
lost her former helpers, she made various
vain efforts to interest Louis XVIII. and
his brother, both before and after their
restoration, in her " speculations " ; and
she even M-ems to have herself in-
vestigated the eases of more than one of
the pretenders. So far from succeeding,
she was destined to test the value of the
adjuration, " Put not your trust in princes."
She had ruined herself, and was obliged
to mortgage her property, yet obtained
very trifling compensation and scant
gratitude. Going to live in Paris on her
mother's death, she died somewhat
obscurely in the Rue de Lille ten years
later.
Much of M. Barbey's book which has
no immediate connexion with the Dauphin
or his mother's friend is not without
interest of its own, especially the
chapter recounting the subsequent career
of the Baron d'Auerweck, Peltier's friend
and collaborator. This man, who played
a not unimportant secondary role in
" the plan," suffered seven years' imprison-
ment under the Napoleonic regime, merely
because he had once been in the employ
of the British Government. Some of the
letters from the Atkyns Papers, which are
printed in the appendix, will also repay
perusal.
The translation is, as a whole, very
tolerably executed. Now and then, howr-
ever, the sense is missed, as in a letter of
Peltier's, where the words rendered "before
you can get into Court " surely refer to
the court of the prison. Cure does not,
of course, correspond to our " curate."
" Pandering with the enemy " (p. 28)
and " run every conceivable kind of
evils " (p. 220) are passages which require
revision ; and " pretendant " appears
frequently for pretender. " Varsovie "
will not be recognized by every English
reader as Warsaw. " From the time
when Louis XVI. 's reign was projected
(p. 226) reads oddly; "overthrown" we
imagine to be the true sense. We dis-
like, too, the expression " happenings,"
which is encountered several times in
these pages, and does not fill a gap in the
English language, as do other novelties.
There are also one or two misprints :
" pot " for plot (p. 26) ; " root idea on
the form " (p. 52) ; " Toux " for Joux
(p. 215) ; " Puisage " and " Dr. Theil "
for Puisaye and Du Theil (pp. 236 and
239) ; as well as several wrong dates,
notably one in the Preface. " Revolution
of Italy " (p. 225) presumably represents
" Revolution of July." The four illus-
trations are attractive, and the book is
well got up. But why are we deprived
of the index attached to the original work ?
Les Cent Meilleurs Poemes (Lyriques)
de la Langue Francaisc. Choisis par
Auguste Dorchain. (Gowans & Gray.)
M. Auguste Dorchain, who has made
this selection from French poetry, is
himself both a writer of verse and a writer
about verse. Last year he published an
elaborate treatise on ' L'Art des Vers,'
partly technical and partly a study in the
sentiment of composition. It was careful
and sympathetic, but gave no suggestion,
any more than his verse, of being the work
of a man of genius. His anthology is
NM096, April 28, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
509
made with care, and with a sense of what
is generally considered best in French
poetry. We get all the traditional favour-
ites : ' Le Lac ' of Lamartine, ' La Nuit
de Mai ' of Musset, the sonnet of Felix
Arvers, and even the pieces, often mediocre,
which happen to contain a line or couplet
which has achieved a separate fame of its
own, like the dull poem of Malherbe
which blossoms suddenly into the acci-
dental glory of
Et rose elle a vecu ee que vivent les roses,
L 'espace d'un matin.
There is, no doubt, a certain interest in
having these favourite " beauties," for
they show at least something of the
quality of public taste, and thus something
of the* degree of success attained by the
poet. It often happens that they are
also really characteristic of the poet, and
even of the poet at his best, as in the case
of ' Booz endormi ' of Hugo or ' Le Cor '
of Vigny. But to choose only, as M.
Dorchain seems to have chosen, " les
poemes consacres par l'universelle admira-
tion," or those which he thinks deserve
to be so, is hardly to do more than any
capable scholar who knows the traditions
of his literature might have done. From
a poet we expect a poet's choice, which
can never be that of the multitude.
It is not without a certain surprise that
we find M. Dorchain declaring that if he
had chosen his hundred poems for their
absolute rather than their relative beauty,
he would have had to choose them almost
entirely out of the nineteenth century.
When we learn that he finds in the works
off, Villon "la perfection relative, non
absolue, d'un art qui s'essaie encore,"
our surprise ceases. For Villon he finds
a page and a quarter enough, and the
Ballade which he made for his mother
sufficient to represent the " relative "
perfection of his art ; while in the nineteenth
century we find Victor de Laprade with
a tedious poem of six pages, and even,
in the sixteenth century, more than two
pages, containing three poems, of the
frigid and mannered Desportes, whose
only claim to attention is that he inspired
Lodge and other genuine poets to imitate
and surpass him in English. The great
name of Moliere is not honoured by
absence from a region in which he was but
an intruder ; it is dishonoured by the
inclusion of a painful sonnet which crawls
conscientiously to the limit of its four-
teenth milestone. Thirty-four pages out
of one hundred and fifty-nine bring us to
the end of the eighteenth century. Out
of these thirty-four pages how many are
truly, as the editor says, of only the most
" relative " merit as poetry ! yet how
many lovely songs and sonnets of the
Pleiade might have found their place there,
along with at least a few of the incom-
parable ballades of Villon !
In a few of his selections from the poetry
of the nineteenth century M. Dorchain
has neglected the obvious choice for some
particular fancy of his own, and not always
with success. To have chosen, from the
severe and splendid work of Leconte de
Lisle, an attempt like ' Les Elfes,' which
could only be admired by one who had
never read ' La Belle Dame sans Merci,'
is a singular error of judgment. 'L'Horloge'
may be a poem characteristic of Baudelaire,
but it is characteristic of what was ob-
vious and rhetorical rather than wrhat was
subtle and personal in his genius. And
the three pieces from three of the earliest
books of Verlaine, though excellent
in themselves, should have been supple-
mented by at least one of the later poems
— from ' Sagesse,' for instance. It is like
M. Dorchain to give no extract from
Mallarme, though Mallarme died as long
ago as 1898, and is, in the strict sense, in
all his earlier work, a " classical " writer.
Judged as the work of a poet, and of a
critic of poetry, this anthology is without
rarity or distinction. It is not for a
moment to be compared with the delicate
and sensitive choice of M. Bonnier in his
' Lignee de la Poesie Franoaise,' published
by the Clarendon Press in 1902, though
in that book the extracts, apparently
through restrictions of copyright, were
somewhat tantalizingly curtailed. But it
has some of the merits which it claims ; it
presents from a French point of view the
poetry which most generally appeals to
the French public. To the English reader
the admirable extracts from such poets
as Marceline Desbordes-Valmore, Andre
Chcnier, Alfred de Vigny — poets typically
French, and never really naturalized
among us — will be full of use and delight.
The mere inclusion of such a book by
an English publisher in a cheap series
shows both good sense and genuine enter-
prise. It can be had in paper, in cloth
and a pretty leather binding, and has,
we are glad to see, already reached a
second edition.
NEW NOVELS.
Kid McChie. By S. R. Crockett. (Clarke
&Co.)
Mr. Crockett's latest book is full of his
good qualities. It is in the manner of ' Cleg
Kelly,' though not, to our thinking, equal
to that popular specimen of his work. But
he has still the gift of story-telling, the
same strong lights and shades ; still the
old turns of pathos and humour, both
broad rather than deep ; still the keen
knowledge of his countrymen, especially
of the humbler sort. His healthy, "sonsie"
lasses are brave and helpful, if a trifle
rough. He supplies wealth of incident
and a multiplicity of characters. But the
criminal element, in spite of the spark of
humanity even in such as Mad Meg and
the Knifer, will repel many readers ; and
there are some jarring notes which mar
our pleasure. To place a forger of genea-
logies in his galaxy of villains is not unjust,
but his attitude to the legitimate study is
only worthy of the " historical " novelist
who married the Fair Maid of Galloway
to a blacksmith. He adopts such novel
graces as the American " hello ! " (did any
Briton ever use that form ?) and the
French " effectively " ; and is generally
rather " down " than '* up " to date.
Yet he is often stirring and suggestive.
We like the " Kid," the loyal-hearted lad
who, '- chief " as he is by birth, is by
adoption a gutter-snipe and companion
of thieves, though his fortunes are hardly
the main subject of the story ; and the
saintly little missionary of the police-
court, and Marthe the married (who
would have made such " an auld maid "),
have antiseptic qualities wrhich might
sweeten a more imperfect narrative. The
Scotch is sound and not overdone.
A Millionaire's Courtship. By Mrs. Archi-
bald Little. (Fisher Unwin.)
Mrs. Little is in the enviable position of
having made a sphere of her own, and
raising hopes of good work in her peculiar
province. Her latest book will confirm
her admirers in their expectation of wade
range and observation, graphic incidents,
and humorous touches of character. To
our thinking, this story is indebted for its
success to" the "long-legged girl" of
fifteen, Betty Formby, who talks like a
book, but is inspired by a life of action in
unusual surroundings, enthusiastic with
the enthusiasms of a practical father
who is also an idealist, sympathizing
like him with the ancient race to
whom he feels a duty as imperative
as that he loyally pays to the country
he serves beyond the seas. To this
lonely couple, parent and child, enters
a young man whose boundless wealth is
also balanced by the idea of duty. The
process by which the millionaire and the
consul's daughter become ideal lovers is
happy in its inception, and natural in its
conclusion ; and the local colour, notably
the relations between the mandarins and
the engineer, is excellently Chinese. The
Great South Asian Railway " arrives,"
and promises worldwide blessings, though
the attitude of the Oriental is sceptical,
and the Occidental, in the role of the
electioneering Briton, denounces its author
and his work as " a monster devouring the
British working-men's hard- won earnings."
Of minor characters, the hysterically self-
conscious Lady Lilian and her irreverent
nephews please us most.
A Simple Gentleman. By John Strange
Winter. (W7hite & Co.)
It is characteristic of the author's con-
ventionality in a certain groove that she
makes her " well - groomed " men and
women talk of " Johnnies," and " fright-
ened of" and a German prince " of sorts."
The last is represented as a loathsome
brute. Have none of our modern writers
met a German gentleman ? In the present
case the Teuton is responsible for the
shy attitude towards society held by a
charming girl who lives in an ancient
cathedral city which is enlivened by a
cavalry garrison. Lettice Charteris for
some time mystifies the good "plunger"
L'Estrange ; but when he recollects the
circumstances of their first meeting, he
feels bound to insist upon her breaking
off her marriage with his brother-officer,
" the simple gentleman." John Valentin.'
is heartily in love, and when, after much
510
Til K ATIIKN^UM
N°40(m;. Ai-iml28, 1906
trouble, be finds bis fugitive sweetheart,
be hardrj traits to bee* bar really " pitiful
story," but marries her out of hand.
Wealth of couree makes all thinga eaay in
the oircnmatanoea, but there is a sound
moral in the staunch loyalty of this good
ESnglish hoy. Then IS much nature iii
the oharactere ; much variety is hardly
ible ill the class depicted.
.1 Son of Arron. By (iweiidolen Pi \ I e.
( Fisher Unwin.)
Wi: have UOthing hut praise for Miss
Pryce'a new story. The material of the
plot is sufficiently fresh, the management
of it is skilful, and all the characters are
lifelike, the Welsh ones irresistibly so.
The young Welsh yeoman, with his
splendid voice, melancholy eyes, and
passionate pride in the little farm which is
his own all the time, though he does not
know it. and the miserly uncle, who per-
sonates his dead father in order to obtain
the farm with the treasure buried in it,
well illustrate — each in his different waj^ —
the strength and weakness of the Celt,
without sacrificing anything of their
individuality. But the gem of the
eollection is the sunny, simple, tender,
dependent "daughter of Arvon," the hero's
foster-sister, and ultimately his bride.
The English characters are also good,
but it is obvious that Miss Pryce writes
of the Saxon with her head, and of
the Welsh from the heart. Her style
is good, though it is curious to find
in a description of a rustic concert the
chairman called the conductor. Of several
strong and moving scenes none is conceived
and described more finely than the open-
ing one of the dying man, his infant son,
and the miser with his secret hoard in the
lonely, dilapidated cottage among the
Carnarvonshire hills.
The Lady of the Decoration. (Hodder &
Stoughton.)
Thts purports to be a collection of letters
written to a friend at home by a young
American widow who is doing kinder-
garten work in Japan, and at the end of
four years marries a gentleman who, like
a deus ex machina, appears on the scene
for this special purpose. The descriptive
portions of the book produce on the whole
a strong effect of reality ; and though we
are not exactly fascinated either by the
heroine's persistent facetiousness or by
her beauty of form (the latter impresses
the innocent wearers of the kimono
with the idea that she has had " pieces
cut out of her sides "), we feel a warm
admiration for her courage and good
nature. Her attitude also towards Japan
and the Japanese, though sympathetic
and appreciative, is not blindly uncritical.
A Maid of Normandy. By Dora M. Jones.
(Blackwood & Sons.)
Tins is a rather pale romance of the period
when Madame de Maintenon was the idol
of self-seeking courtiers at Versailles.
Uc have .» gUmpee of the royal exiles of
St. Germain ; are Listen to Penelon in his
most saintly mood ; we incur a mild shock
when the brother of ■ Jacobite maid of
honour turns his coat to the OnUDgC tide,
and a shock less mild when the berOUM Mi
accused of sorcery. One is inclined to be
sympathetic with romance that is not
full* bodied, an adjective which almost
invariably means violent or reeking ; but
it cannot he said that the reader is ever
absorbed in this narrative, or that the
historical beings who talk and move in it
have returned to life in compliment to
its careful workmanship.
ThiirtcWs Crime. By Dick Donovan.
(Werner Laurie.)
An unfortunate choice of subject almost
inevitably committed the author to a dull
recital of dismal incidents, some of which
are ghastly ; for in thirty chapters there
are only two prominent characters in
whom any interest can be felt by persons
unable to sympathize with "habitues" (sic)
of gambling dens and a disreputable shrew ;
and these two — a pair of lovers — are not
very fascinating to readers, who, more-
over, can hardly get up thrills over their
perils and sorrows, since it seems certain
that a conventional ending depends on
their well-being. This inference might
have been upset, as a second lady turns
up eventually. Her introduction, how-
ever, is necessitated by the reformation
of one of the gamblers. Neither the con-
struction of the fictitious portion of the
narrative nor the literary style of the
work justifies the resuscitation of a revolt-
ing episode in the annals of crime which
horrified the subjects of George IV.
The Adventures of a Supercargo. By
Louis Becke. (Fisher Unwin.)
Given a setting which includes a man or
two, a ship, and a stretch of the Pacific,
Mr. Louis Becke may be relied upon to
reel off yarns of adventure to any extent.
The workmanship is apt to be slipshod,
and the reader must look for little charm
of style or analysis of character. But of
picturesque adventure, afloat and ashore,
there would seem to be positively no end
in the storehouse of this author's experi-
ence and imagination. The opening part
of the present book inclines to dullness,
as does most of Mr. Becke's work in
conventional surroundings. As soon as
the young hero is caught by a " southerly
buster " while sailing in Sydney Harbour,
and driven out between the towering
ironbound Heads which guard the entrance
to that famous haven, we settle down
with confidence to the perusal of a string
of adventures in which no break is
likely to occur. And this confidence is
perfectly justified. The critic may quarrel
with such books for their lack of any
artistic scheme of construction, and upon
many other grounds. But it is a fact
that the adventures do not halt ; they flow
on from Mr. Becke's pen, as yarns from
the lips of a garrulous salt in a fine-weather
dog-watch, until almost three hundred
... been tilled. Then comes a
ludden oheck, as though the Bpinnei
the yarn bad been called sharply to duty
elsewhere and we have arrived at the end
of yet another of Mr. Becke's advent
-tone- one that should find much favour
among hoy readi
rge's Whims. By Philip WhithanL
(George Allen.)
By some readers, perhaps, this hook
may be pronounced the very thing for
the holidays, but the review
sound reason for supposing that banality
is more acceptable during a holiday than
at any other time. A dedicatory quota-
tion from Schopenhauer Buggesta that I
author holds himself indebted to his father
for liberty to embark upon the cai
which he believes himself best suited.
The present volume, however, betr
no gift for fiction. Its laborio-
crude facetiousness is a far cry ind
from humour, and as knockabout fan
is not nearly funny enough to pass muster.
SHORT STORM-: <.
Loaves and Fishes. By Bernard (
(Methuen & Co.)— Mr. Bernard Capes has
won his way into the front rank of cont
porary novelists. He is always individual,
and always contemptuous of traditions.
He is a law unto himself, and pure
his own way regardless of popularity. Hi^
work is always of interest to the
cerning, and these stories are character
"Capes." They are bizarre, vigor
reckless, horrific, and rollicking. The
combination of a farcical temper with a
singular attraction to the horrible is almost
peculiar to Mr. Capes. Stevenson was
allured by the awful, and he occasionally
invested it with extravaganza, as in the
'New Arabian Nights.' But his perform-
ances were measured comedies, while Mr.
Capes's are melodramatic farces. He startles
you, and sets your hair on end, and then
grins at you with unction. Objection may
be taken by certain readers to his frankn
and to his choice of subjects, but no one can
deny the Btrength of his narrative or
authority of his style. On every page he
discovers a vividness of language which is
unusual in current fiction. Indeed, in pure
command of English, outside certain crude
asperities which seem almost wilful, we douht
if he has a superior living. Here is a des-
cription taken at random- illuminative and
arresting : —
•■ Bex eves, as they regarded our pissing, w
something to haunt a dream : so great in tragedy
—not fathomless, but all in motion near then
surfaces, it seemed, with grave and tooted
sorrows."
The richness and force of that phrasing are
by no means singular in these pages. For
sheer brutal vigour the first story. ' A
Callows Bird.' might go far for a rival; for
essential tenderness of treatment ' The Ghost
Child ' would be difficult to beat ; and? for
mere extravagance, the humour and devilry
of the ' Breeches Bishop.'
Wild Justice. By Lloyd Osbourne.
(Heinemann.)— Mr. Osbourne had the unique
advantage of being the pupil, and to some
extent the collaborator, of R. L. Steven.-",,.
But this advantage carries with it a heavy
handicap. The story - reading public is
N°4096, April 28, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
511
fiure to insist that Mr. Osbourne must live
up to his teacher's standard, and write as
well as Stevenson himself. Of course this
is unreasonable, but it is inevitable. Mr.
Osbourne should be judged by what he does,
not by what it may be thought that a pupil
•of Stevenson ought to do. The volume
to which he has given the title of ' Wild
Justice ' — a title which is by no means
applicable to all of its contents — includes
ten stories, all of them of the South Sea
islands — a region in which Mr. Osbourne
has no competitor, unless it be Mr. Louis
Becke. They are all good, but of no one
of them can it be said that it is strikingly
and exceptionally good. Perhaps the best
is that entitled ' Old Dibs,' which is not only
interesting, but also a bit of thoroughly
artistic workmanship. In ' Mr. Bob ' the
author comes dangerously near to reflecting
the mannerisms of Bret Harte ; and in ' The
Renegade ' a certain unnecessary coarse-
ness of expression may be noted. How-
ever, we may be grateful to Mr. Osbourne
for his new volume taken as a whole. It
certainly presents the atmosphere of the
Pacific, and both its pathos and humour are
genuine.
Old Mr. Lovelace. By Christian Tearle.
{ Smith, Elder & Co.)— This " sketch in four
parts " illustrates, with as many short stories,
the gracious figure of a retired equity
barrister, " as innercent as a dove and as
artful as sin," as a humble admirer describes
him. Members of the profession play many
parts, martial, financial, and artistic : we
once met an aged conveyancer, in frock-coat
and the sort of high hat that flourishes in
legal London, refreshing himself with old
Marsala on the top of a peak in Switzerland.
But few of the emeriti are more beneficent
in their retirement than the kindly grandsire
of the text. The stories are pleasantly
written, though there is a slightly polemical
flavour in the description of the Mildmay
matron in ' P'leg Doney's Father.' On the
whole, however, charity prevails. The style
in which Mr. Lovelace routs " Miss Kesteven's
solicitor " (who is " what the penny-a-liners
call a human document ") and " Miss Juxon's
trustee " is professionally refreshing. The
author is at home on such points ; but we
deplore his (?) taste in poetical quotation,
and doubt whether a man who knew the
"Simeon set" at Cambridge could also
have been a contemporary of Bowen.
In Out of Gloucester (Hodder & Stoughton)
Mr. J. B. Connolly presents another batch
of stories of the lives of American deep-sea
fisher-folk on the schooners which sail from
'Gloucester, Massachusetts, and its neighbour-
hood. He knows his subject well, is saturated
in the briny atmosphere of the life these
Atlantic fishermen lead, and conveys forcibly
and plausibly the impression of reckless
daring and skilled seamanship which lie, has
found to be its dominant note. According
Mr. Connolly's pictures, these fisher-folk
of his go beyond good and brave tactics,
lor their doctrine seems to be that the best
sailor is the man who makes a point of
" carrying on " till his canvas " carries
away." The higher ideal is surely that of
tliesejunanwhocalculates matters soshrewdly
bo Ik; able to shorten sail just before it
hee that point at which the gale stows it
for him — out of its bolt-ropes. At the, same
time tin' vfylc affected by Mr. Connolly's
" ilia's " of seamen is the better suited to the
purpose of the short-story writer. This
bravado is the essence of these talcs (with,
perhaps, the single exception of the story
-ailed ' A Fisherman of Costla,' a fine
picture of unswaggering bravery). It makes I
stirring reading, and shows rare physical
courage. But it does not necessarily argue
the possession of much sailorly skill, or of
any consideration for the well-being of others.
As pen pictures of a certain aspect of sea life,
these stories deserve high praise.
REMINISCENCES.
The republication of the late Lord Lam-
ington's reminiscences, In the Days of the
Dandies (Eveleigh Nash), should be welcome
to all who can appreciate good stories, and
contributions to social history none the less
valuable because they are easily conveyed.
The papers were widely quoted when they
appeared in Blackwood's Magazine some six
years ago. Collected in a volume, they
emphasize the general regret, to which Sir
Herbert Maxwell alludes in the Introduction,
that their amiable author did not live to
finish them. ' In the Days of the Dandies '
covers much the same ground as the well-
known recollections of Capt. Gronow.
" Crocky's," Count d'Orsay, Lady Jersey,
Louis Napoleon as a guest at Gore House,
and many other institutions and personages
are reproduced with lively fidelity. But,
whereas Gronow frequently conveys the
impression of relating at second-hand, Lord
Lamington knew intimately those whose
witticisms and foibles he describes. He has
been anticipated in some of his anecdotes,
such, for example, as Lady Blessington's
famous reply to Louis Napoleon, become
Emperor of the French, when she was asked
if she intended to stay long in Paris, " Et
vous, Monseigneur ? " On the whole, how-
ever, his reminiscences are surprisingly
fresh, when we consider the multitude of
people before him who have tried to per-
petuate the social features of the late
Georgian and early Victorian age. Lord
Lamington gives, for instance, a most
ludicrous account of the Oriental magnifi-
cence in which Palmerston's enemy, Urqu-
hart, lived at Watford, and of his sending an
unfortunate deputation from one of the
Foreign Affairs Committees to stew in his
Turkish bath at 160°. We hear much that
is entertaining, too, about the Eglinton
tournament, which was to have cost 2,000?.,
but ended in an expenditure of between
30,000?. and 40,000?. In the dandy days
the inner circle of society never exceeded
six hundred, and Lord Lamington indulges
in some pointed reflections on the hurry and
rattle of more democratic times. Changed,
too, are the habits of the House of
Commons from the times when the
rooms of the Sergeant - at - Arms were
the only place in which members could
smoke. Lord Lamington's political retro-
spect is mainly concerned with the Young
England party, and it corrects the popular
misconception that Disraeli led that brilliant,
if fantastic group from the beginning. Geortre
Smythe, afterwards Lord Strangford, the
present Duke of Rutland, and other Eton
and Cambridge friends had already become
an influence; when Disraeli attached himself
to them, and made his house at Grosvenor
Gate their centre. Lord Lamington, as
Mr. Baillie-Cochrane, was identified with the
Sir Charles Buckhurst of ' Coningsby ' when
that novel was published, and he seems
to have accepted the compliment. Sir
Herbert Maxwell gives a well-considered
account of his career, which, besides a pro-
longed membership of the House of Commons,
included active, if hardly vital contributions
to literature and journalism ; while his
daughter, Lady Do la Warr, supplies some
interesting details of his management of
his estates in Scotland.
Passages of interest are to be discovered
after some search in Mr. John A. Bridges's
Reminiscences of a Country Politician (Werner
Laurie). He gives a lively account of his
experiences as a militia officer at Malta
towards the end of the Crimean War, when
the quays were littered with stores which
had been to Balaklava, and, for reasons
unknown, had arrived that far on their
return journey. He tells some racy stories
of bygone elections in which bullocks' liver
and rabbit-skins figured as missiles, and
prizefighters as champions of party causes.
Mr. Bridges illustrates agricultural ways of
thought, too, by various apt anecdotes,
such as that of a rustic who declined a
William IV. sovereign because " there
worn't never a Gullimus King of England
as I 've heerd on." His recollections are,
unfortunately, overlaid with much common-
place reflection on the results of the Ballot
and Education Acts, the relations between
Church and State, and so forth. As chair-
man of Mr. Austen Chamberlain's election
committee, and as a member of the
Council of the National Union of Con-
servative Associations he has taken no incon-
siderable part in political organization, and
he discusses its moves and agents with
astonishing frankness. Thus of the ex-
Chancellor of the Exchequer we read that
" he is not naturally humorous, but arti-
ficially so on occasions, as is the way of
politicians ; and who can say what pangs
these occasions cause them to undergo ? "
Sir Howard Vincent is given to understand
that "as a politician he appears to take
himself far too seriously." We cannot
pretend, of course, to judge between Mr.
Bridges and the unlucky wights with
whom he deals thus plainly. He has but a
poor opinion of Mr. Chamberlain pere, and
looks to Lord Curzon to regenerate the
Unionist party. His volume, though there
is too much of it, carries a certain value as
a revelation of what'Conservative politicians
of the old school have had to endure.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Messrs. Macmillan & Co. publish Lord
Curzon in India, a selection of extracts
from speeches arranged under subjects,
with sufficient notes and an excellent Intro-
duction by Sir Thomas Raleigh.
Most Viceroys of Indiahave been unpopular
either with the native newspapers or with
the Anglo-Indian world. Lord Lytton may
stand as a representative of the one type,
and Lord Ripon of the other. That Lord
Curzon should have been disliked by both
is no ground for blame. The fact might but
prove, impartiality. The anger that was
manifested at his' interference with regard
to the bullying of natives is to his honour.
We are not disposed to acquit Lord Curzon
of some unnecessary offence to native opinion.
Sir Thomas Raleigh, in the Introduction,
makes a good defence of the Calcutta Uni-
versity Convocation Address on truthfulness,
but few can read it without recognizing that
the caso was hardly well put. After all. a
great deal of "Oriental deception" is only
a form of politeness, and is as much con-
ventional as the British butler's " not at
home." Perjury prevails widely throughout
India, but unfort unut ely our native police.
who alone represent the Government to the
vast majority of the population, are the
greatest of the Burners. We shall always
remember to Lord CuTZOn's credit that,
512
THE ATHENiEUM
N°4096, April 28, 1906
with the exception of bhe Tibet expedition,
he kepi the peace upon the Indian frontier,
and also that, in Sir Thomas Raleigh's nerds,
"he \\ as determined to exact... n high
standard of behaviour and a due regard for
the rights of Indian fellow-subjects."
The volume contains an extract from a
Budget speech, which, with the notes bring-
ing the information up to the present moment,
forms the best account in existence of the
Frontier Province, of its military stations,
of their garrisons, and of the militia and
tribal forces upon the North- West frontier.
It would have been well to reprint with it
the map of the Frontier Province, and of
the territories lying between this and the
Durand line, which was laid before Parlia-
ment. Other maps fail to show several
places which are named as important
military stations, or in connexion with the
new strategic railways. We gather from an
article which appeared in The Times of the
19th inst. that the proposed expedition
against the Mahsud Waziris, which was
being talked of for next November, has been
vetoed, either by the present Viceroy or by
the Home Government. Should further
trouble tak° place in this, the most disturbed
portion of the frontier, there are many pas-
sages in the book which will explain our
difficulties. ■ Lord Curzon's boast is justified
that, whereas in the five years 1894-9 the
Indian taxpayer had to find four and a half
millions sterling for frontier warfare, the
total cost of military operations on the
North-West frontier in his long tenure of
office was under a quarter of a million sterling,
and this for small expeditions in connexion
with the enforcement of the Mahsud blockade.
On the other hand, Tibet was a costly
business, and there has been a very great
increase of military expenditure at the end
of Lord Curzon's term — much of it for ill-
considered and hasty plans, the responsibility
for which ought, perhaps, to be borne by
Lord Kitchener.
The struggle between Lord Curzon and
Lord Kitchener, as to the relative positions
of the Military Member of Council and of the
Commander-in-Chief, is hardly mentioned
in the volume. Lord Kitchener had the
support of the Home Government, as Lord
Curzon had that of his own Council. It is
probable that, being forced by their sense
of duty to fight the powerful Commander-
in-Chief upon one subject, the Viceroy and
liis Council yielded too ready an assent to
plans for frontier railways and for frontier
military stations which were costly, unpopular
with the army, and unnecessary, and that
these will now be abandoned, or at all events
greatly modified. Before we leave this
portion of the volume we ought to protest
against the statement in the Introduction
that troops lent by India " recovered Somali-
land from the Mullah." It is not possible,
in face of our present full knowledge of the
facts, to maintain that Somaliland was ever
at any time " recovered from the Mullah."
The net result of the operations, of course,
now is that the Mullah possesses a castle
and port upon the coast, virtually guaran-
teed by Italy on our behalf — a position
which it was the supposed object of our
policy to prevent.
The excellent Introduction maybe criticized
for one criticism which it contains, namely,
blame of the Indian National Congress for
identifying itself with " one political party in
England." It is perhaps a pity that since
the death of Sir William Hunter few Unionists
have extended to the Congress that amount
of interest and attention which it is admitted
in the Introduction to deserve. The con-
tention of Lord Curzon and of his editor,
that the taxation of India is the lightest in
the world, is hardly scientific, unless accom-
panied by the equally true statement that
India, from the point of view of taxation,
is about the poorest country in the world.
Lord Curzon does not possess a good
literary style, and we find elaborate speeches
marred, for example, by such phrases as
" paid up " for paid.
Mr. F. Pkaker has written a little book
called British Citizenship, which is published
by Messrs. Ralph, Holland & Co. It is
simple, and appears to be addressed to those
who have not much previous knowledge.
From this point of view it may be praised as
giving in small compass much of what is to
be learnt from Blackstone, De Lolme, and
such writers. The main criticisms which
might be offered would be in the direction
of a complaint that the modern side of our
development is less well dealt with than are
the time-honoured principles. In the ac-
count, for example, of the Factory Acts,
they are based upon " England's position
as a manufacturing nation," whereas the
universality of such acts is more striking
than is their existence in Great Britain. We
notice also the repetition of the well-known
assertion that " there is no such office known
to the Constitution as Prime Minister."
Even if, for many years, this has been more
than a fiction, it has now ceased to be even
technically true. But the Constitution of
this country is only custom, and the mode
of selection of the Prime Minister and his
powers when selected have so long been
recognized in practice that it could hardly
be said, even before recent changes, that the
Prime Minister was not " known to the
Constitution " of the United Kingdom. The
instructions to the Governors of self-govern-
ing colonies were based upon British practice
in respect of the choice of Prime Ministers
and the powers to be accorded to them. In
the time of Mr. Balfour the position of the
Prime Minister in reference to the Committee
of Defence became formally known to Parlia-
ment ; and on the formation of the present
Ministry precedence was conferred upon the
Prime Minister as such. There are not
many downright errors in the little book, but
the statement that, by the franchise changes
of 1885, " a caretaker of premises where the
owner does not reside was given a vote under
the service franchise " is not accurate. There
are few people, not revising barristers or
registration agents, who understand the
service franchise. Even these do not in-
variably show acquaintance with its legal
nature, or the late Lord Ritchie, when
Chancellor of the Exchequer, would not
have been accorded the service franchise
in respect of his official residence in Downing
Street.
We cannot recommend to our readers —
unless to Mr. Haldane, who, now that he is
in Pall Mall, may or may not be one —
UArmee en 1906. Its point lies in the
demonstration by M. Ivlotz, the author,
" reporter on the War Budget," and by
General Langlois in his preface, that the
stock of shell for the field artillery is not
sufficient. General Langlois is the highest
authority in the world on the French and
German armies, and his recent articles in
Le Temps might with advantage have been
included in this volume on the French Army
Estimates and preparations by land. The
book deals, however, only with deficiencies,
of which the obvious cause is the extrava-
gance of the French Parliament in continuing
every old charge while continually creating
new ones. Even in military and naval
matters, it is not possible to " defend Indo-
china against China and Japan," fortify
Bizerta and hold the Mediterranean against
Italy and Great Britain, and surpass the
German Beet in the Channel, and the German
army on the Mouse, at one and the same
time. France will have to make her choice,
and_ let her settled policy depend upon
that choice — or, better, to settle her policy,
and then let her armaments follow upon her
policy. The expenditure of France on coast
defence in 1900 is an example of sheer waste :
she had declined to join Germany against
us in the Boer War, and, after " preparing
Fashoda," spent money she could ill afford
on effacing " the F'ashoda scare." A point
of value in the volume is a close comparison
of the armies and of their cost in France and
Germany : the tables show that in the number
of horses France exactly follows Germany,
and keeps pace with every change. The
French gun " of 1898 " — still the best — was,
it seems, settled in 1894. The proportion of
full colonels in the French army who have
risen from the ranks is declining in the
infantry, and stationary in the cavalry,
where it is highest. In the artillery and
engineers there are none. M. Henri Charles-
Lavauzelle is the publisher.
Disestablishment in France, by Paul
Sabatier (Fisher Unwin), is not an important
contribution to the literature of the eccle-
siastical controversy in France. Indeed, if
it were a serious literary work it would
hardly have been adorned with the author's
photograph as a frontispiece. It is in reality
only a pamphlet of eighty minute pages,
many of which are filled with long foot-notes
by the translator ; and it is swelled into the
size of a small volume by the addition of no
fewer than three prefaces : one by the
translator, and a Preface and an Introduc-
tion by the author. The longest of these
preliminary excursions is by the translator,
and gives his opinions on M. Sabatier's
talents ; on " the fetters of establishment "
of the Church of England, which he describes
as " galling and degrading " ; on the
clericalism of English Nonconformists ; and
on Dr. Clifford's " quasi-apostolic benedic-
tions to Liberal candidates " — opinions
which, however interesting, are not very
informing to those who buy the book in the
hope of acquainting themselves with what
is going on in France. M. Sabatier's con-
tribution to the volume seems to consist of
two or tliree hastily written and hastily
translated newspaper articles, and the tone
of the author is as polemical as the style of
the translator is journalistic. M. Sabatier
is a writer of fluent ability, whose name has
more authority in England than in his own
country. He is less vague in these pages
than in some of his utterances which have
been published in English journals. But
his pamphlet is a one-sided defence of the
Separation Law of last December, and he is
rather too shrill in defending it. He says
that " the French Parliament desired to
make a law of liberty and independence " ;
but this highly controversial statement is
at variance with the sentiments delivered
in the Chamber by some of the most pro-
minent members of the anti -clerical majority,
such as M. Maurice Allard, deputy for the
Var, or M. Camille Pelletan, a member of
the Combes Ministry. He proceeds: "The
fact that it has succeeded in doing so is
proved by the calm and often enthusiastic
reception given to the law by the Protestants
and the Jews " ; to which the obvious retort
is, " Vous etes orfevre, Monsieur Josse."
Ho goes on : "A revolt of Catholics against
the law would lead to only one conclusion,
N° 4096, April 28, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
513
namely, that the Church cannot be con-
tented with the same treatment as other
religious bodies." But for the benefit of his
English readers M. Sabatier should have
here given a few statistics to indicate that
the non-Catholic religious bodies which have
been established are infinitesimal in their
numbers compared with the nominal ad-
herents of the Roman Church, so that no
comparison can be instituted between their
respective situations.
M. Sabatier says that in France
"the spectre of delation pursues the priest without
respite In almost every parish there is some
good soul to supply the bishop's palace with infor-
mation as to the books that the cure reads and the
company that he keeps " ;
and on another page he recurs to the subject
in stronger language. But his suggestion
that in France delation is peculiar to the
Church is disingenuous, especially as the
most flagrant instances brought to light
during the present religious trouble have
been those of military officers secretly
denounced to the War Office by Masonic
agents for the offence of going to Mass. In
his whole treatment of French Freemasonry
M. Sabatier exercises an economy of truth.
He rightly pours contempt on the ridiculous
attitude of the Roman Catholic Church
towards Freemasonry, which compromised
it in the amazing fumisterie of Leo Taxil.
But he refrains from informing his English
readers, to whom he specially presents this
volume, that Freemasonry in France has
nothing in common with the innocuous
society which has its head-quarters in Queen
Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, but is an aggres-
sive, anti-clerical organization, exercising
great influence in Parliament, and directing
the policy of the bloc. The Athenaeum takes
no part in political controversies at home or
abroad, and in this case we wish merely to
indicate that the book before us makes no
attempt to give the two sides of the ques-
tions now agitating France.
Another criticism we have to make of
M. Sabatier's methods is that, though he is
a Frenchman living in France, he seems to
evolve ideas on the ways and deeds of his
fellow-countrymen out of his inner con-
sciousness, instead of descending into the
street to talk to the average man. We
are sure that he is as incapable of going to
smoke his pipe at an anti-clerical cafe as he
is of assisting at High Mass. Such philo-
sophic detachment produces picturesque
theories which have little relation to the
realities of modern life, as when he says : —
" The citizen, as the modern Frenchman con-
ceives him, is not the elector, not even the soldier
ready to shed his blood for his country. Some-
thing deeper is required to make a citizen
worthy of the name : namely, a manful personal
effort to see clearly, to acquire a conviction, and
having acquired it, to act upon it."
This may be a picture of M. Sabatier's own
mental attitude, but the average contem-
porary Frenchman who will go to the poll
on May 6th is of less subtle composition.
The worst of theorizing in a library is that
the theorist is apt to fall into little inaccuracies
which irritate the commonplace observer.
Thus M. Sabatier tells us that after Leo XVI.'s
Encyclical of February, 1892 (not of 1893,
as he suggests), "the cures. .. .were seen
....singing Mass for the Republic." We
venture to doubt if at any date " Mass for
the Republic " was ever sung. Perhaps
the author was thinking of the " Domino,
salvam fac Rempublicam," sung at the end
of Mass ever since the Republic was founded,
which was of course prescribed by Article 8
of the Concordat, though its original form,
which was used under the Second and Third
Republics, was changed under monarchical
regimes, being " Domine, salvum fac Ludo-
vicum," &c, under Louis Napoleon.
The style of the translator, Mr. R. Dell,
is not only journalistic, but also at times
obscure ; for instance, " My dear fellow,
don't try to humbug me .... for goodness'
sake own up ... . We know that the Lodges
and Secret Lodges have their schemes." We
cannot conceive what the French is for
"Lodges and Secret Lodges," as all Lodges
are secret. Nor in another place is " sheriff's
officer " an accurate equivalent for the
French designation of any official.
Dearlove, by Frances Campbell (Hodder
& Stoughton), will not be entirely new to
newspaper readers. Dearlove had an ex-
cellent heart, and, according to the frontis-
piece, a charming face ; but apart from
these two admirable characteristics we fear
there is little to be said in her favour. Her
broken prattle and infantile innocence seem
to us neither natural nor desirable in a girl
of eleven, and we devoutly hope that her
maddening habit of clipping the final g's
will not become a general feature in the
child-literature of the period. None of her
grown-up friends specially appeals to us,
and their game of " makebelieve " is but a
clumsy and dreary business. The story of
the little deformed boy is pathetic, but
scarcely true to life, since Nature, kinder
than the novelist's imagination, seldom lays
the additional burden of unusual sensitive-
ness on children thus afflicted. The author
can do better work than this, but her gifts
appear to us to lie in the direction rather of
pure fantasy than fiction.
In Kakemono : Japanese Sketches, by
A. H. Edwards (Heinemann), we have a
series of pleasantly written sketches of
an impressionist kind, narrating various
experiences in the much bewritten land
of Dai Nippon. If they are a little
gushing, that is almost inevitable in
writing about Japan. On the whole, these
pictures are drawn with restraint of colour
and line, and display no little insight into
Japanese life — the more real Japanese life
of the province, showing its curious mixture
of qualities that make social life a chain of
trivialities, while the national outcome is
so considerable. The most interesting
chapters are those which narrate an ascent
of Fujisan, and a visit to the province of
Izumo, bordered by the now famous Sea
of Japan, and, " ever since earth and heaven
were parted," celebrated as the land to
which the gods retired for their month's
holiday each year, when they kindly em-
ployed their leisure in settling the fortunes of
land and people for the ensuing twelvemonth.
It is odd that in relation to Fuji no mention
is made of Hokusai's wonderful ' Fugaku
Hyakkei,' of which an English translation
was published some twenty years ago. In
these ' Hundred Sketches of Mount Fuji '
the sleeping volcano is delineated under a
variety of aspects, as visible from Yedo
(Tokyo) or its neighbourhood — in storm,
snow, rain, at dawn, at dusk, in moonlight,
from bridge or street, from seashore, temple
roof, villa garden, &c. — a marvel of pic-
turesque and interesting portraiture, com-
bining the mountain with the scenes of
daily life in the capital of the Tycoon. Mr.
Edwards saw Kidzuki and the great temples
of Izumo, and stopped for some timo at the
famous seaside town of Matsuye, where,
better perhaps than in any other nook
within the island empire, the life of old
Japan, in most social essentials, is still
lived. An exhibition of local industries,
&c, was being held there at the time of
Mr. Edwards's visit, and of it Jie supplies
an interesting account, together with a very
amusing one of his reception by the officials
in charge of the exhibition, and of the
flattering manner in which the honour of
his visit was noticed in the local newspaper.
The volume is not illustrated, and this
is almost a relief, for photographic repro-
ductions give but a poor idea of Japanese
scenery. It would be far better to diversify
the pages of travellers' reminiscences with
reductions of woodcuts, taken from the
meisho (or old itineraries), most of which
are still accessible.
Some fourteen years ago Mr. Charles
Harper brought out a casual itinerary of
the Brighton road, which was the source of
numerous sequela;, dealing with the main
roads in England. But the early book was
tentative, and somewhat formless ; it cer-
tainly did not attain to the symmetry of the
scheme which the author applied to his later
books. He has now turned back and
recast The Brighton Road (Chapman & Hall).
In his preface he frankly confesses that his
original work had no " settled method " ;
and a second reason for revision he finds
in the continuous changes to which the road
is subject. Certainly the advent of the
motor-car might sufficiently justify this plea.
A reference to the older work shows how
greatly Mr. Harper has altered it. This is
to all intents and purposes a new book.
The former was thrown into the form of a
daily itinerary ; this is more an historical
thesis. But in a way we miss the freshness
of the pedestrian point of view, with all
its vagaries, banalities, and inconsequences.
It was at least " seen." The new volume
is more scientific, contains more information,
more statistics, but is perhaps a little dull.
It resolves itself largely into a treatise on
coaches and coaching and the like, and we
get tired of times and names associated with
bygone records. Mr. Harper, by the way,
states that the prophecy attributed to-
Mother Shipton — " carriages without horses
shall go " — was " the ex post facto forgery
of Charles Hindley, the second-hand book-
seller, in 1862" — a statement which the re-
viewer does not remember to have seen be-
fore. Mr. Harper's book is brought up to
date conscientiously, and includes an account
of the Stock Exchange walk to Brighton in
1903, illustrated from photographs. It is
not until we get to p. 197 that we really
make a start on our journey — " somewhat
belatedly," as the author acknowledges ;
and thereafter we jog along comfortably
over an old road with familiar landmarks.
Many of Mr. Harper's illustrative landmarks
also are familiar, and we are pleased to have
shaken off the garish crowd with its perform-
ances and " records." No doubt statistics
please some minds, but we are of opinion
that the purpose of this book has been rather
overloaded by them.
The Library (Moring) for April is a Shak-
speare number of much more than passing
interest. Mr. Lee's ' Notes and Additions
to the Census of Copies of the First Folio '
would alono raise it almost to the level of a
reference book, and all purchasers of the
facsimiles should have a spare copy to supple-
ment their preface. Since 1902 Mr. I has
learnt of 14 additional examples of the First
Folio, making tho total 172. Of the new
copies the most noteworthy are Lady Want-
age's, the Duke of Norfolk's (with the un-
revised ' Hamlet ' leaf), and the copy now
happily returned to the Bodleian. Tho
article is altogether most interesting. Mr.
Barwick contributes a note on ' Impresas,'
prompted by the recent discovery at Belvoir
514
THE ATHENiEUM
N°4096, April 28, 1906
that Shakspoaro had been engaged to devise
•one for the Earl of Rutland, and removes
■any idoa that the work was considered easy,
•or beneath the powers of a great poet. Mr.
Ploiner brings together a great deal of infor-
mation as to ' The Printers of Shakspeare's
Plays and Poems,' in which he demonstrates
the printers of the ' Hamlet ' first quarto,
the ' King Lear,' and the ' Pericles.' We
do not agree with him in the theory that the
bad work of these printers was a result of
the monopoly of the best copyrights. At
this time many of these had been sur-
rendered to the Company for the benefit of
poor members. It was much more probably
due to the enormous quantity of work
required from the workers of the press — a
quantity approaching the yield of a modern
macliine. Mr. Esdaile is responsible for
a valuable survey of ' Shakspeare Litera-
ture, 1901-1905.' Mr. Hughes's ' Praise of
Shakspeare ' might have been included in
his list to advantage. Mr. Ballinger, in an
article on ' Shakspoare and the Municipal
Libraries,' furnishes a useful list of works
indispensable to a public library. Mr. Greg
renews the Cambridge edition of Beaumont
and Fletcher with some severity, and even
Mr. Lee does not escape unscathed.
Messrs. G. J. Howell & Co. have sent us
-an elaborate edition of The Last Days of
Pompeii, strongly and handsomely bound
and well printed. The six illustrations
by Mr. E. F. Sherie are striking and excel-
lently engraved on Japanese vellum. This is
Vol. I. of what will be a fine library edition
of Lytton, for which we think there is room.
•One or two of his novels only figure in the
popular " libraries " of the day, but most of
them are well worth reading, for, with all
his affectations, Lytton had a much better
equipment than the average novelist of
to-day. We shall look for the rest of the
edition, which will be complete in twenty-
jiine volumes, with interest and pleasure.
A second fifty volumes of " Everyman's
Library " (Dent) are now to be had, and the
scheme will secure that fixity of reputation
which the first part of the venture made
almost certain. We can select only a few
of the volumes available, but we may
reiterate our satisfaction as to the general
conduct of the Library. Robinson Crusoe
appears among the " Children's Books,"
and it is, perhaps, as well that the young
should not be told in the Introduction that
Defoe was that ugly thing, a Government
spy, or realize that the story, as Dickens
said, is great without pathos. " Cet age
-est sans pitie." The illustrations by Mr.
J. A. Symington are sure to be liked. The
New Testament : a Chronological Arrange-
ment, by Principal Lindsay, is, we think,
the most interesting of all the new volumes.
It attempts to give the various books as they
reached the earliest age of the Church, an
arrangement which, of course, involves
some conjecture. " The text is that of
King James's version, with a few slight
changes which seemed necessary to make
the meaning of one or two passages clearer."
After reading this announcement we are
surprised to see that Agrippa's " Almost
thou persuadest me to be a Christian " is
allowed to stand. In 1 Cor. xiii., however,
" love " appears throughout. A " Prologue"
taken from St. Mark is prefixed ; and other
features of practical arrangement are satis-
factory. The Mabinogion, translated by Lady
■Charlotte Guest, with an Introduction by
the Rev. W. Williams, is a most interesting
cellection of legendary lore, little known
to the general public. LockharCs Life of
.IScott in his abridgment should also secure
wide attention ; the editor does not mention
(what is surely worthy of note) that Lockhart
was an Oxford man and got a First there
in 1813. We are pleased with the Intro-
duction to Butler's Analogy of Religion by
tho Rev. Ronald Bayne, which may lead
people on to road what is unjustly regarded
as a dull book which does not matter nowa-
days. Blackie's Lyrical Dramas of Aeschylus
is probably as good as any of the older
translations, but we think his numerous
notas might have been revised. The Biblio-
graphy misses out the best of modern render-
ings of ^Eschylus, Mr. E. D. A. Morshead's
' The House of Atreus,' which was recently re-
published in the " Golden Treasury Series " ;
while Wecklein's textual work should
certainly have been mentioned. Euripides
having reached something like popularity,
on the stage at any rate, his Plays, vol. i.,
in versions by Shelley, Potter, and others,
will probably be sought after. The Intro-
duction indicates briefly the light that of
recent years has been thrown on his purpose
and meaning, though nothing is said of his
style, which offers so great a contrast to
that both of ^Eschylus and Sophocles. We
can hardly, however, expect every man to
go into the technique of drama. Has not
Mr. Galton expressed the opinion, which an
eminent philosophic peer is " not prepared
to question," that " the population of
Athens, taken as a whole, was as superior
to us as we are to Austrahan savages " ?
It is, at any rate, an excellent thing to put
some idea of these masterpieces of the
supreme Greek mind within reach of all.
Fiction in the Library is well represented by
The Three Musketeers and three of Cooper's
Indian stories.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Theslogy.
Century Bible: Minor Prophets, Vol. IL, edited by S. R.
Driver, 2/6 net.
Clover (R.), The Comforts of God, 2/6 net.
Henson (H. H.), Religion in the Schools, 2/6 net.
Johnson (F.), Faith and Vision, 2/ net.
Mackinnon (A. G.), Spiritually Fit : a Young Man's Equip-
ment, 2/6 net.
Mochler (J. A.), Symbolism ; or, Doctrinal Differences,
translated by J. B. Robertson, Fifth Edition, 6/ net.
Stanley (A. P.), The Bible in the Holy Land, Popular
Edition, 1/ net.
Tyrrell (G.), Lex Credendi, 6/ net.
Whitworth (\V. A.), Christian Thought on Present-Day
Questions, 4/6 net.
Fine Art and Archaology.
Babelon (E.), Manual of Oriental Antiquities, New Edition,
7/6 net.
Birch (Mrs. L.), Stanhope A. Forbes and Elizabeth Stan-
hope Forbes, 5/ net.
Frantz (IL), French Pottery and Porcelain, 7/6 net.
Moffatt (IL C), Old Oxford Plate, 84/ net.
Naftel (M.), Flowers and How to Paint Them, New Edition,
2/6
National Gallery : The Flemish School, 3/6 net.
Northern Notes and Queries, Vol. I. No. 2, 1/6
Ruskin, Library Edition, Vol. XXIII. ; Sesame and Lilies,
6/ net.
Poetry and Drama.
Byron's Poems, 3 vols. , 10/6 net.
(ioad (II. E.), Ninirod the Builder, an Allegory, 3/6 net.
Herbert (\V. V.), The Corsair, Libretto for Grand Opera,
2/6 net.
Lewis (A.), A Pompeian Episode ; Thirty Rhymes, 1/ net
each.
New Shakespeareana, Vol. V. No. 2, 3/
Rymour Club, Edinburgh : Miscellanea, Part I.
Sacred Poets of the Nineteenth Century : James Mont-
gomery to Anna Lfetitia Waring, 1/6
Vaughan (H), Sacred Poems, 2/6 net.
Mtinc
Gladstone (F. E.), A Treatise on Strict Counterpoint,
Part I., 2/
Bibliography.
Portrait Catalogue of the Books published by Houghton,
Mifflin & Co.
Philosophy.
Colerus (J.J, The Life of Benedict de Spinosa, Reprint of
1706 Edition. .
Hodgson (S. IL), Inter-relation of the Academical Sciences,
1/ net.
Joachim (H. IL), The Nature of Truth, 6/ net.
Nicholson (W. T.), Ess.iv on Man, 3/6
Start (H.), Idola Theatri, 10/ net.
Political Economy.
.Tauri-K (.1.), Studies in Socialism, translated by M. Minturn,
1/ net.
Smith (J. C), Inter-Temporary Values, 7/6 net.
History and Biography.
Boxall (fi. E.), The Anglo-Saxon : a Study in Evolution, 6/
Brown (P. II.), George Buchanan and his Times, 1/ net.
English Historical Review, Vol. XXI. No, 82, 5/
Evelyn (John), Diary, edited bv W. Brav, 5/ net.
Kaempfer (E.), The History of Japan, 'translated by J. G.
Scheuchzer, 37/6 net.
Kennedy (J.), The Manor and Parish Church of Hampstead
and its Vicars, 4/ net.
Merriam (G. S.), The Negro and the Nation.
Morris (H.), The Life of John Murdoch, LL.D., 3/6 net.
Raalte(C. van), Brownsea Island, 12/ net
Rose (J. IL), A Century of Continental History, 1780-1900,
Fifth Edition, 0/
Geography and Travel.
Carmichael (M.), In Tuscany, Third Edition, 6/ net.
Hardy (O. IL), Red-Letter Days in Greece and Egypt,
3/6 net.
Lorimer (N.), By the Waters of Carthage, 12/ net.
Morris (M.), Tales of the Spanish Main, New Edition, 6/
Rolfe (W. J.), A Satchel Guide for the Vacation Tourist in
Europe, 1906, 6/ net.
Smith (A.), A Summer in Skye, New Impression, 2/ net.
Sports and Pastimes.
Dewar (O.), Bombay Ducks, 16/ net.
Hindlip (Lord), Sport and Travel : Abyssinia and British
East Africa, 21/ net.
Holder (C. F.), Life in the Open, 15/ net.
Education.
Richmond (E.), In Youth, 2/6 net.
Ph ilology.
Magnusson (E.), Notes on Shipbuilding and Nautical
Terms of Old in the North, 1/ net.
Statius, Thebais et Achilleis, edited by H. W. Garrod, 5/
School-Books.
Barton (P. E.), Some Questions on Banking, with Answers
thereto, 2/6 net.
Campan (Madame), Memoirs, 1785-92, 2/6 net.
Dixon (F. N.), Main Landmarks of European History, 2/
Fiedler (H. G.) and Sandbach (F. E.), A First German
Course for Science Students, 2/6 net.
Flaubert (G.), Salammbo, 3/6 net.
Gautier (T.), Trois Grotesques, 2/ net.
Hugo (V.), Notre Dame, 3/6 net.
Ideal Junior Poetry Book, 6d.
Lamartine (A. de),Jocelyn. 3/ net.
Stael (Madame de), De l'Allemagne, 2/6 net.
Workman (W. P.) and Cracknell (A. G.), Geometry, Pre-
liminary Certificate Edition, for Course A, 3,6
Science.
Hyslop (J. H), Enigmas of Psychical Research, 6/
Illustrated Guide to the London Zoological Gardens, Fourth
Edition, 6rf.
Mathematical Questions and Solutions, edited by C. L
Marks, Vol. IX., 6/6
Smithsonian Institution, Annual Report to June 30, 1904.
Studies in Anatomy from the Anatomical Department of
the University of Manchester, Vol. III., edited by A. H.
Young, 10/ net.
Veitch (J. H), Hortus Veitchii, Special Edition.
Juvenile Books.
Cragin (L. E.), Kindergarten Bible Stories: The Old
Testament, 3/6 net.
Lang (A.), The Story of Joan of Arc, 1/6 net.
Lang (J.), The Story of Capt. Cook, 1/6 net.
General Literature.
Addison, Essays, edited by R. D. Gillman, 3/6 net.
B.rr (A. E), Cecilia's Lovers, 6/
Benson (G. R.), Tracks in the Snow, 6/
Diehl (A. M.), Love— with Variations, 6/
Dougherty (J. H), The Electoral System of the United
States, 9/ net.
Edinburgh Review. No. 416, 6/
Fears of a Child, (id. net.
Forestier- Walker (C), The Cuckoo's Egg, 6/
Free Church Year-Book, 1906, 2/6 net
Gilliat(Rev. E.), God save Kins; Alfred. New Edition, 6/
Guide to Promotion in the Infantry, New Edition, 3/6 net
Jokai (M.), The Green Book ; or, Freedom under the Snow,
Ninth Edition. 3/6 net.
Kennedy (R), A Tramp Camp, 6/
Le Queux (W.), Whatsoever a Man Soweth, 6/
Low (S.), The Governance of England, Second Impression,
3/6 net.
Lytton (Lord), The Last Days of Pompeii.
Marabell (W.), The Heart of a Rose, 4/
Marshall (A.), Richard Baldock, 6/
Miller (A. Logan), Chats on Literature with mv Children,
1/ net.
Progress, No. 2, 1/ net
Roberts (M.), The Prey of the Strongest, 6/
Routledge's Universal Library : Aristotle's Ethics ; Borrow's
Romany Rye, and Bible in Spain ; The Spectator,
Vol. III.; Peacock's Crotchet Castle, The Misfortunes
of Elphin, and Gryll Grange (in one vol.). 1 ' net each.
Smith (A.), Dreamthorp, Introduction by C. K. Burrow,
2/ net : Introduction by J. Hogben, 2/ net
Victorian Year-Book, 1904," Twenty-fifth Issue.
Willinott (R. A.), Pleasures of Literature, 2/ net
White (S. E.), Blazed Trail Stories, 6/
Whiteing (R.), Ring in the New, 6/
FOREIGN.
Theology.
Nater (A.), L'Eglise catholique, sa Constitution, son
Administration, 5fr.
Wohlenberg (G.), l>ie Pastoralbriefe ausgelegt, 6m. 80.
Fine Art.
Fontainas (A.), Histoire de la Peinture francaise au XIX.
Steele, 3fr. 5a
N° 4096, April 28, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
515
History and Biography.
Cestre (C), La Revolution francaise et les Pontes anglais,
17S9-1809, 7fr. 50.
Eudel (P.), La Hollande et les Hollandais, 4fr.
Hauser (K.), L. Bosshart v. Winterthur, Chromk, HS5-la32,
hrsg., Sm. ,
Kariuin (O.), La Legge del Catasto Fiorentino del 1427, 31.
Bocquain (F,), Notes et Fragments d'Histoire, 7fr. 50.
Science.
Poincare' (L.), La Physique moderne : son Evolution, 3fr. 50.
General Literature.
Aubert (L.), Paix .Taponaise, 3fr. 50.
Brada, Disparu, 3fr. 50.
Chabrol(A.), LOffensive, 3fr. 50.
Dall (G.), Malvenu, 3fr. 50.
Qlades (A.), Florence Monneroy, 3fr. 50.
Jassy (G.), Realites et I'topies : Les Idees jaunes, 3fr. 50.
Revue Slave, Vol. I. No. 1, 2fr. 50.
*** All Books received at the Office up to Wednesday
Morning will be, included in this LUt vnless previously
noted. Publishers are requested to state prices when
sending Books.
THE BUTTERFLY.
GARDEN SCANDAL.
By the scent of their breath when evening closes,
By the pain of their thorns that sting,
I will play no more with the treacherous roses ;
They have done me an evil thing !
They have whispered a story of gossiping tattle
In the listening lilac's ear,
Who already have rustled their venomous prattle
Through the garden, afar and near.
They have vowed, as I basked in the cup of a
flower,
In the heat of the noonda)' sun,
That my blue little cousin alit on my bower,
That he wooed me, and — shame ! — that he won.
Now my own white lover's dear heart is aching ;
He has heard and believed the lie ;
And mine with sorrow is burdened to breaking,
And I think that I wish to die !
B3' the scent of their breath when evening closes,
By the pain of their thorns that sting,
I have vowed deep vengeance against the roses ;
They have done me an evil thing !
Julius Beerbohm.
"THAT TWO-HANDED ENGINE AT
THE DOOR."
In his ' Life of Shelley ' Hogg relates how
the old snake that frequented the garden at
Field Place was ultimately killed by the
carelessness of the gardener in mowing the
grass : " killed," he goes on to say, " by the
same fatal instrument with which the
universal destroyer Time kills everything
beside, by that two-handed engine, the
scythe." Doubtless this was a conscious
allusion on the part of Hogg to the much-
canvassed passage in ' Lycidas.' Whether
or not he himself identified the " two-handed
engine " of Milton with the scythe of Time
one cannot say ; but, in any case, the sug-
gestion has simplicity and appositeness to
commend it, and obviates the difficulty of
attributing to Milton the discredited gift of
foretelling events with the literalism which
other interpretations demand.
It is, I take it, in the singularity of the
epithet " two-handed " that the clue to
Milton's meaning should be sought, and to no
other engine of destruction does the term
so fitly and so obviously apply as to the
scythe of the mower.
Earlier in the elegy Milton had laid un-
timely death to the charge of Atropos, " the
blind Fury with the abhorred shears " ;
here the " blind mouths " are to be struck
down, and struck down effectually and
speedily, by the scythe of the avenger, Time.
The affinity between thought and thought
is palpable.
An implicit reference may also be discerned
to the " angel with the sharp sickle " and
" the winepress of the wrath of God " in the
great passage of the Book of Revelation, a
scythe and a sickle being often interchange-
able terms.
I may add that a crest which once came
under my notice in which Death was repre-
sented as wielding a scythe, and which had
for motto the arresting words " Now thus,
now thus," brought to my mind at a flash
the " two-handed engine " of Milton's
'Lycidas.' M. D.
HUNTING THE " SELADANG."
In the notice of Mr. T. R. Hubback's
' Elephant and Seladang Hunting ' which
appeared in your last issue (p. 476) the
reviewer not unnaturally inquires, " What is
a seladang ? " adding that the name does
not appear in Jerdon's ' Mammals of India,'
nor in two other works consulted by him,
though he might have found it with the
proper spelling in Sterndale's ' Mammalia of
India' (1884), p. 481. He makes a very
good guess, however, in surmising that " it
is closely allied to Gavceus gaums, the gaur
or wild cattle of India." Saktndang is the
Malay name for that species, and Mr.
Hubback's rendering " seladang " must be
regarded as incorrect.
Blyth, in his admirable ' Catalogue of the
Mammals and Birds of Burma,' published in
the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,
1875, remarks, under the head of gaur, or
bison of Indian sportsmen : —
"In the Malayan Peninsula, where it is known
as the ' Salandang,' this animal would appear to
be becoming extremely rare, at least to the south-
ward, and we need information respecting its
distribution in other parts of Indo-China."
As it inhabits all the large forests of India,
where it is familiarly known to Anglo-Indian
sportsmen as the gaur (Hindi gaor), Mr.
Hubback would have done well to retain
this name (or preferably bison) instead of
that which he has selected. It is true that
the title of his book is ' Elephant and Sela-
dang Hunting in Malaya ' ; but if the Malayan
name for the wild ox is preferred, why not
give the Malayan name for the elephant,
which is gadjah ? J. E. Harting.
THE FAMILY^ OF WILLIAM BLAKE.
The origin of the family of William Blako
has not yet been found ; and I can claim
no more for the evidence that I have been
able to gather than that it settles us more
firmly in our ignorance. But the names of
his brothers and sister, their dates and order
of birth, and tho date of his wife's birth, have
never, so far as I know, been correctly
given. Even the date of his own birth has
been contested by Mr. Swinburne " on good
MS. authority," which we know from Mr.
W. M. Rossetti's memoir to be that of
Frederick Tatham, who further asserts,
wrongly, that James was younger than
William, and that " the eldest son was John."
Gilchrist makes no reference to John, but
says, wrongly, that James was " a year and
a half William's senior," and that William
had a sister " nearly seven years younger
than himself " ; of whom, says Mr. Yeats,
" we hear little, and among that little not
even her name." Most of these problems
can be settled by the entries in parish
registers, and I havo begun with the registers
of the church of St. James, Westminster.*
I find by these entries that Jamos Blake,
* My thanks are due to Mr. John Sampson, the last and
best editor of Blake, for starting me on the track.
the son of James and Catherine Blake, was
born July 10th, and christened July 15th,..
1753 ; John Blake (" son of John and
Catherine," says the register, by what is
probably a slip of the pen) was born May 12th r
and christened June 1st, 1755 ; William
Blake was born November 28th, and
christened December 11th, 1757 ; another
John Blake was born March 20th, and
christened March 30th, 1760 ; Richard
Blake was born June 19th, and christened.
July 11th, 1762; and Catherine Elizabeth
Blake was born January 7th, and christened
January 28th, 1764. Here, where we find
the daughter's name and the due order of
births, we find one perplexity in the name
of Richard, whose date of birth fits the date
given by Gilclvrist and others to Robert,
William's favourite brother, whose name
he has engraved on a design of his " spiritual
form " in ' Jerusalem,' whom he refers to
continually as Robert, and whom J. T.
Smith recalls not only as Robert, but as
" Bob, as he was familiarly called." In the
entry of " John, son of John and Catherine
Blake," I can easily imagine the clerk
repeating by accident the name of the son
for the name of the father ; and I am inclined
to suppose that there was a John who died
before the age of five, and that his name
was given to the son next born. Precisely
the same repetition of name is found in the
case of Lamb's two sisters christened Eliza-
beth, and Shelley's two sisters christened
Helen. " My brother John, the evil one,
would therefore be younger than William ;
but Tatham, in saying that he was older,
may have been misled by there having been
two sons christened John.
There are two theories as to the origin of
Blake's family : but neither of them has yet
been confirmed by the slightest documentary
evidence. Both of these theories were put
forth in the same year, 1893, one by Mr.
Alfred T. Story in his ' William Blake, the
other by Messrs. Ellis and Yeats in their
'Works of William Blake.' According to
Mr. Story, Blake's family was connected
with the Somerset family of the Admiral,
through a Wiltshire family of Blakes ; but
for this theory he gives merely the report
of "two ladies, daughters of William John
Blake, of Southampton, who claim to be
second cousins of William Blake." Accord-
ing to Messrs. Ellis and Yeats, Blake s lather
was Irish, and was originally called O Neil.
His father, John O'Neil, is supposed to nave
changed his name, on marrying Ellen Blake,
from O'Neil to Blake, and James O Neil,
his son by a previous union, to have taken
the same name, and to have settled in London .
while a younger son, the actual son of Ellen
Blake, went to Malaga. This statement rests-
entirely on the assertion of Dr. Carter Blake,
who claimed descent from the latter; and
it has never beon supported by any docu-
mentary evidence.
Mr. Sampson points out that Blake'*
father was certainly a Protestant. He is
sometimes described as a Swedenborgian,
always as a Dissenter, and it is curious that
about half of the Blakes recorded in the
4 Dictionary of National Biography ' were
also conspicuous as Puritans ox Dissenters.
Mr. Sampson further points out that Blako
in one of his poems speaks of himselt as
" English Blake." It is true that he is
contrasting himself with tho German Klop-
stock ; yet I scarcely think an Irishman
would have used the expression, even for
Contrast. Blake is nowhere referred to as
having been in any way Irish, and the only
apparent exception to this is one whioh I am
obliged to Bet up with one hand and knock.
16
THE ATHEN^UM
N°4096, April 28, 1906
down with bhe other, in the hides to Crabb
Robinson's ' Diary ' one of tho refereaeei to
Blake shows ua Mr. Sheil Bpeaking at the
loademicaJ Boeiety while " Blake, his
countryman, kept watching him to keep
him in order." That this docs not refer to
William Blake 1 have found by tracking
through the unpublished portions of the
'Diary' in the original manuscript the
numerous references to " a Mr. Blake " who
was accustomed to speak at the meetings
of the Academical Society. He is described
^s " a Mr. Blake who spoke with good sense
OH the Irish side, and argued from the Irish
Bistory and the circumstances which at-
tended the passing of tho bills." He after-
wards speaks '"sharply and coarsely," and
answers Mr. Robinson's hour-long conten-
tion that i he House of Commons should, or
should not, " possess the power of imprison-
ing for a breach of privilege," by " opposing
the facts of Lord Melville's prosecution, the
Reversion Bill, &c, &c, and Burke's Reform
bill " ; returning, in short, " my civility by
incivility." This was not the learning, nor
were these the manners, of William Blake.
I would again appeal to the evidence of
the parish register. I find Blakes in the
parish of St. James, Westminster, from
the beginning of the eighteenth century, the
first being a WTilliam Blake, the son of
Richard and Elizabeth, who was born
March 19th, 1700. Between the years 1750
and 1767 (the time exactly parallel with the
births of the family of James and Catherine
Blake) I find among the baptisms the names
of Frances, Daniel, Reuben, John Cartwright,
and William (anothor William) Blake ; and
I find among the marriages, between 1728
and 1747, a Robert, a Thomas, a James, and
a Richard Blake. The wife of James, who
was married on April 15th, 1738, is called
Elizabeth, a name which we have already
found as the name of a Mis. Blake, and
which we find again as the second name of
Catherine Elizabeth Blake (the sister of
WTilliam Blake), who was born in 1764.
I find two WTilliams, two Richards, and a
John among the early entries, at the begin-
ning of the eighteenth century. It is im-
possible to say positively that any of these
families, not less than nine in number, all
bearing the name of Blake, all living in the
same parish, within a space of less than forty
years, were related to one another ; but it is
easier to suppose so than to suppose that one
only out of the number, and one which
had assumed the name, should have found
itself accidentally in the midst of all the
others, to which the name may be supposed
to have more definitely belonged.
Gilchrist, in his life of Blake, says that he
has traced relatives of Blake to have been
living atBattersea at the time of his marriage.
Of this he gives no evidence ; but I think I
have found traces, in Blake's own parish, of
rolatives of the Catherine Boucher whom
he married at Battersea. Tatham, as
reported by Messrs. Ellis and Yeats, says
that she was the daughter of a market-
gardener at Richmond called Boucher, to
whose house Blake was sent for change of
Air. Allan Cunningham says that " she
lived near his father's house." I think I
have found the reason for Cunningham's
mistake, and the probable occasion of
Blake's visit to the Bouchers of Battersea.
I find by the birth register in St. Mary's,
Battersea, that Catherine Sophia, daughter
of William and Ann Boucher, was born
April 25th, and christened May 16th, 1762.
Four years after this, another Catherine
Boucher, daughter of Samuel and Betty,
born March 28th, 1766, was christened
March 31st, 1766, in the parish church of
St. James, Westminster ; and in the same
register I find the birth of Gabriel, son of the
same parents, born September 1st, and
christened September 20th, 1707 ; and of
Ann, daughter of Thomas and Ann Boucher,
born June 12th, and christened June 29th,
1761. Is it not, therefore, probable that
there were Bouchers, related to one another,
living in both parishes, and that Blake's
acquaintance with the family living near
him led to his going to stay with the family
living at Battersea ?
The entry of Blake's marriage, in the
register of St. Mary's, Battersea. gives the
name as Butcher, and also describes Blake
as " of the parish of Battersea," by a
common enough error. It is as follows : —
1782.
Banns of Marriage.
No. 281 William Blake of the Parish of Batter-
sea Batchelor and Catherine Butcher of the same
Parish Spinster were Married in this Church by
License this Eighteenth Day of August in the
Year One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty
two by me J. Gardnor Vicar. This Marriage was
solemnized between Us
William Blake
The mark of X Catherine Butcher
In the presence of Thomas Monger Butcher
Jas Blake
Robt. Munday Parish Clerk.
I imagine that Thomas Monger Butcher
was probably Catherine's brother ; there
are other Mongers not far off in the register,
as if the name were a family name. His
handwriting is mean and untidy, James
Blake's vague but fluent ; Catherine makes
her mark somewhat faintly. As the register
lies open there are entries of seven marriages ;
out of these, no fewer than three of the brides
have signed by making their mark. The
name William Blake stands out from these
" blotted and blurred " signatures ; the ink
is very black, as if he had pressed hard on
the pen ; and the name has a " firm and
determinate outline." Arthur Symons.
JULIUS BEERBOHM.
The death of Mr. Julius Beerbohm, which
occurred on Saturday last after a brief illness,
will be widely and deeply mourned outside the
immediate circle of his family. A traveller
in many lands, an ardent sportsman, a facile
linguist, a born poet, a passionate lover of
all beautiful things in nature and art —
Julius Beerbohm had, by his buoyant gaiety
of temper and his manifold gifts and accom-
plishments, won the admiring and affec-
tionate regard of a whole host of friends.
Born in London in 1854, and educated first
at an English school, later at Schnepfenthal
(Thuringia) and Le Havre, he was but twenty-
one when, returning from a tour over the
South American continent, he described his
impressions with pen and pencil in a volume
entitled ' Wanderings in Patagonia ' (Chatto
& Windus). His subsequent roamings ex-
tended to India, Australia, North America,
and the West Indies ; while, in company
with Sir Beaumont and Lady Florence Dixie,
he for a second time explored Patagonia,
renewing his early impressions of that " lean
gray land of lone ravine and plain." Of late
his travels had been confined to Southern
Europe. He knew the fair features of France
and Spain, as he knew their literatures,
from long and loving study ; and to hear
him describe his experiences and adventures
was a pleasure which few who have enjoyed
it are likely to forget.
Julius Beerbohm's lyrical gift was spon-
taneous, natural, and unforced. His gentle
flame provoked itself, and he sang where and
when and how the spirit within him listed.
Of the technicalities and the pedantries of
the prosodists he knew little, and reeked, if
possible, still less ; lie wrote by the guidance
of an exquisite metrical ear, and was
justified by the result. He set too little
store by his own verses, and shrank from
publication. One or two juvenile pieces —
bright, humorous, fanciful things — were
printed in Temple Bar in 1878 ; and lately
a few of his sonnets — a metrical form which
he chiefly loved, and in which above all other
he excelled — adorned the columns of The
English Review ; but as yet there has not
appeared any collected edition of his poems,
though some months since such a volume
was announced. Its success, whenever it
shall appear, may be safely predicted —
though, to such as had the happiness to catch
them as they fell from his lips, Julius Beer-
bohm's verses must ever seem to lose in the
printing, for lack of the musical voice that
once set them off so deftly. This week we
give our readers a specimen of his lighter
Muse.
Julius Beerbohm married, in 1883, Evelyn,
relict of Capt. Reginald Younghusband, of
the 24th Regiment. He leaves a widow and
three children to deplore his untimely loss.
THE ASLOAN MS.
Prof. Bang, in his letter on the Asloan MS.
in last week's Athenceum, says, inadvertently,
that I have stated in my ' Specimens of
Middle Scots ' that the MS. must be in the
possession of Lord Talbot de Malahide. I
said that it was in his possession when I had
the opportunity of consulting it in the
British Museum about fifteen years ago. His
lordship's reply to a request made by me in
1901, on behalf of the Scottish Text Society,
neither admitted nor denied ownership. In
the circumstances, therefore, I could not
venture to say that the MS. must be in his
possession. There is, as far as I am aware,
no evidence to warrant this statement, or its
contrary, that the volume, like another
Auchinleck treasure, the Wyntoun MS., has
found a new guardian.
I hope the correspondence will be the
means of removing the mystery. The denial
of access is a serious embarrassment to the
Scottish Text Society, which has undertaken
to print this important MS., the earliest of
the greater Scots collections. I have delayed
the publication of my edition of Henryson
for the Society in the hope that the oldest
version of the ' Orpheus ' and of one of the
' Fables ' might be forthcoming ; and I
know that there are others engaged in pro-
blems of M.Sc. and M.E. scholarship, for
the solution of which a knowledge of the
Asloan text is indispensable. It will be a
very serious misfortune if a MS. which is in
the truest sense a national one should be
withheld from a national society, or from
independent students of our literature and
language. G. Gregory Smith.
THE SPRING PUBLISHING SEASON.
THE SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN
KNOWLEDGE
are publishing Sermons for the People, by various
contributors : Vol. V., Trinity Sunday until Eightli
Sunday after Trinity, — Early Church Classics :
The Apostolical Constitutions and Cognate Docu-
ments, by the Rev. De Lacy O'Leary, — The Great
Commandment : and the Second like unto It, six
sermons by the Right Rev. J. Mitchinson, — The
Old Testament in Modern Light, by the late Canon
N°4096, April 28, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
517
W. A. Moberly, — The Story of the Apocrjrpha, by
the Rev. S. N. Sedgwick,— The Sacraments of the
Gospel, lecture addresses by the Rev. W. Beck, —
The Higher Criticism, notes by Bishop R. S.
Coplestone, — Sweeps and Bridge, two sermons by
the Bishop of Lahore, — Christian Evidence Sermons,
by various authors, including Dr. St. Clair Tisdall,
the Rev. W. C. Allen, the Rev. W. R. Inge, the
Rev. V. F. Storr, and Canon Masterman, — Read-
ings with my Children, by the Rev. E. V. Hall, —
Questions for Self- Examination on the Ten Com-
mandments, by the Right Rev. J. Mitehinson — a
Series of Scripture Picture Books printed in
Colours, — various Offices for Gloucester Diocese, —
Portfolio of English Cathedrals, with historical
and architectural Notes by A. Fairbairns, No. 18,
— Readings for Mothers' Meetings, from Easter to
Trinity, by the Lady Laura Hampton — The Dis-
establishment Question at the Present Time, —
Tibet and the Tibetans, by the Rev. Graham
Sandberg, — How We got our Bible, by Dr. Pater-
son Smyth, a cheap reprint — " Sunday " (National
Observance) Advisory Committee, — A Memorial of
Confirmation, and other brief papers.
lEitmmj (Snssip.
In ' A Sovereign Remedy,' which Mr.
Heinemann is publishing, Mrs. F. A. Steel
appeals, not, as before, to the mystery
and imagination of Eastern life, but to
the mystery and imagination which
underlie life in all parts of the world.
The book treats of a life which lies about
each one of us, but in which our so-called
civilization has no place or part whatever.
It also in the course of a love story tells
a tale of a life that lies even beyond love.
The style is very light, and the whole is
more of a romance than a novel of real
life.
The Rev. Dr. Fitchett's life of John
Wesley will be published by Messrs. Smith,
Elder & Co. on May 8th, under the title
' Wesley and his Century : a Study in
Spiritual Forces.' A special Canadian
edition will be issued on the same date
by the Methodist Book and Publishing
House of Toronto, and editions will also
be published in the United States and in the
colonies. The work gives Wesley's life
set in historical perspective, and shows
its relations not merely to the eighteenth
century, but also to the twentieth. The
volume includes a portrait in photogravure
of Wesley from the painting by Romney,
and facsimiles of two hitherto unpublished
letters from Wesley to Miss Bolton, of
Witney, and of pages from Wesley's
journal in Georgia.
Mr. Unwin will publish before long a
book by Major-General Seymour entitled
' Saunterings in Spain — Barcelona, Madrid,
Toledo, Cordova, Seville, Granada.' It
gives a traveller's impressions of the cities,
the scenery, and the art of Spain, and will
be illustrated with photographs.
Mr. John Murray is publishing ' Im-
perial Strategy,' by the Military Corre-
spondent of The Times, and ' Brittany,'
by Mr. H. A. Vachell, whose new novel
' The Face of Clay ' deals largely with the
fascinations of that region. ' Truth and
Falsehood in Religion,' by Dr. W. R.
Inge, six lectures delivered to Cambridge
undergraduates this year, is sure to be
of deep interest ; and ' Poems' by Mr. W.
De La Mare should attract the readers of
his clever work ' Henry Brocken.'
An important addition to " The World's
Classics " will be the publication in the
autumn of the works of Shakspeare in
about seven volumes, edited, with critical
introductions and notes to all the plays,
by Mr. Theodore Watts-Dunton. The
issue will be prefaced by a long essay
written expressly for it by Mr. Swinburne,
in which will be found his latest and ripest
views upon Shakspeare and his art. A
limited large-paper issue of the edition
will appear at the same time. The fact
that the text will be edited by Mr. Watts-
Dunton, who has for many years made
Shakspeare a special study, will interest
the scholar as well as the pampered
purchaser.
In about a fortnight a batch of new
volumes will be added to this popular
series, including Thoreau's 'Walden,'
with an introductory essay by Mr. Watts-
Dunton, called ' Thoreau and the Children
of the Open Air ' ; Anne Bronte's ' Tenant
of Wildfell Hall ' ; Gibbon's l Roman
Empire,' vol. vi. ; ' Twenty - three Tales
by Tolstoy ' ; and Chaucer's ' Works,'
vol. hi., containing the whole of ' The
Canterbury Tales.' These will be at once
followed by a large number of the English
classics, several of them edited by well-
known scholars. Pocket editions of the
volumes are also in preparation, printed
on thin rag-made paper. The publisher,
Mr. Frowde, has determined to make the
series worthy of the Oxford University
Press, and is having all the volumes
already issued revised with the greatest
care, in order that the text in each case
may be as confidently used as that of the
best editions. The vogue of " The World's
Classics " seems to be increasing, the sales
now amounting to a million and a half
copies.
Messrs. Macmillan & Co. have arranged
for the publication of an octavo volume
on ' Costume : Fanciful, Historical, and
Theatrical,' which has been compiled by
Mrs. Aria, and is illustrated by Mr. Percy
Anderson with sixteen full-page plates in
colour and about eighty pictures in the
text.
An interesting article in the April
number of The Edinburgh Review mentions
The Athenaeum in connexion with Canning:
and the various stories commonly described
under the title ' The Secret Articles of the
Treaty of Tilsit.' An incidental reference
to the tampering of Governments with
dispatches is somewhat startling. The
writer in The Edinburgh attacks Mr.
Temperley for the assertion that dis-
patches " were at this time usually opened
and deciphered." The practice is still
common on the Continent, and all Powers
send their dispatches which are in the
least confidential either by -Foreign Office
messengers or diplomatic attaches, or,
at the worst, " by safe hand " — in other
words, by a well-known and responsible
person of their own nationality. As
regards our own Post Office, letters in
this country can only be opened on the
warrant of a Secretary of State, which
would in time of peace not be accorded
for the opening of diplomatic documents.
Foreign telegrams are invariably read for
Governments in foreign countries, and the
best mode of bringing a " secret " to the
knowledge of such Governments is to
telegraph it " en clair." This practice
is often resorted to for the purpose.
Mr. Werner Laurie announces a new
nature book, ' The Opal Sea,' by Prof.
John C. Van Dyke. It is an interpretation
of the sea in its various aspects and beauties,
but is based on scientific discovery and
research.
At University College, London, the
Jevons Memorial Lectures will be delivered
by Mr. Phihp H. Wicksteed on "The
Application of the Principle of Margins
to the Problems of Wage- Earning, Un-
employment, Foreign Trade, and Finance,'
on Monday evenings, beginning on May 7th.
The lectures are open to the public without
payment or ticket.
Dr. Richard Garnett's wife was not,
as we stated, a daughter of Westland
Marston, but the only daughter of Edward
Singleton, of co. Clare, and a niece by
marriage of Marston.
A little volume of verse by Miss Hester
Bancroft, a granddaughter of the historian
of the United States, will be published
almost immediately — in England by Mr.
Elkin Mathews, and in New York by
Messrs. C. Scribner & Sons.
Dr. B. P. Grenfell and Dr. A. S.
Hunt have returned to England from
Oxyrhynchus, where their fifth season's
excavations proved very successful, par-
ticularly in the discovery of literary papyri,
several of which promise to be of excep-
tional interest. It was not possible to
decipher these while the excavations were
in progress ; but the papyri are now on
their way to England, and soon after
their arrival a detailed announcement may
be expected.
The Eragny Press will issue in a few
days ' Songs from Ben Jonson,' with the
original music, overseen by Mr. Barclay
Squire, and a woodcut in colours by Mr.
Lucien Pissarro.
Messrs. Blades, East & Blades will
shortly issue for Mrs. Emily M. Pritchard
a reproduction by photo-lithography of the
original manuscript (now in the Phillipps
Collection at the Cardiff Free Library) of
1 The Taylor's Cushion,' being the common-
place book of George Owen, the Eliza-
bethan historian of Pembrokeshire. The
work until recently was known only in a
transcript made by Fenton. Mrs. Prit-
chard will contribute a short biography of
the author, and the issue will be limited
to 300 copies.
Among those who have promised to
support the American Ambassador at the
Royal Literary Fund Dinner on May 10th
are Dr. Nansen, Lord Kelvin, the President
of the Royal Academy, the Presidents of
the Royal Colleges of Physicians and
Surgeons and of the Institutions of Civil
and Mechanical Engineers, Prof. Herkomer,
R.A., and the Bishops of Bristol, Ripon,
and Winchester.
f)18
THE ATHENiEUM
N° 4096, April 28, 1906
A new limited edition of the complete
books of R. L. Stevenson will be shortly
published hy Messrs. Cassrll & Co., on
behalf of the various publishers of his
works. The edition will contain intro-
ductions to the different works written
by Mr. Edmund Gosse. It will bear the
title of " The Pentland Edition," and it is
hoped to issue the first four volumes during
the autumn of the present year.
The Early English Drama Society have
now started on the first year's publications
of the " Facsimile Series." The repro-
duction will be of the most exact kind ; no
touching up of blemishes, restoration of
blurred words, or other mechanical mani-
pulation of the original text will be allowed ;
and all such details will be dealt with only
in the Note-Book and Word-List. The
first issue, Massinger's ' Believe as You
List,' edited by Mr. A. H. Bullen, will be
ready shortly.
A committee is being formed with the
object of raising a fund to be invested for
the benefit of the late Mrs. Chesson's
three young children, for whom there is
very inadequate provision. Subscriptions
and any inquiries or suggestions will be
acknowledged by Mrs. Ernestine Mills, the
honorary secretary of the Committee, at
21, St. Mary Abbott's Terrace, Kensington.
The preliminaries for the establishment
of a Hindu University, to which we
referred on February 3rd, are making
rapid progress. Offers of service are
coming in from the principals and pro-
fessors of the leading colleges of India,
and the Munshi Madho Lai, who gave
20,000Z. (three lakhs) to the endowment,
has been conferring on the details of the
foundation with Pundit Madan Mohan
Malaviya. The latest decision taken was
to send an influential deputation to collect
subscriptions throughout India.
Moin-ud-Din, General Superintendent
of Muttra Collectorate, has prepared and
issued a ' History ' of the famous Taj
Mahal and the buildings in its vicinity.
The writer gives an interesting account
of the artists who were employed in its
construction.
Owing to the large amount of hand
work employed in the bindings of Messrs.
Sisley's new series of classics de luxe, " The
Panel-Books," the first eight volumes have
been somewhat delayed.
We are sorry to hear of the death of
M. Louis Gustave Vapereau in the eighty-
eighth year of his age. Vapereau's
' Dictionnaire Universel des Contempo-
rains ' was first published in 1858, and
new editions and supplements continued
to appear up to a few years ago. It has
long since taken first rank as a trustworthy
book of reference all over the globe, and
its general accuracy is no less remarkable
than the exhaustive character of its bio-
graphical and other details. It has had
several rivals both in France and other
countries, but has not yet been superseded.
In 1876-7 Vapereau published a companion
volume of a more restricted interest, the
' Dictionnaire Universel des Litteratures.'
Vapereau was born at Orleans on April 4th,
1819, and on leaving the Ecole Normale
became secretary to Victor Cousin, whom
he assisted in his work on the ' Pensees ' of
Pascal.
At the monthly meeting of the Book-
sellers' Provident Institution held on
Thursday week last the sum of 107/. was
voted for the relief of 56 members and
widows of members ; 6 new members
were elected, and 10 applications for
membership were received.
Recent Parliamentary Papers are Inter-
mediate Education, Ireland, Rules and
Programme for 1906 (Id.) ; Irish Teachers'
Pensions Rules, 1906 [\d.) ; Annual Sta-
tistical Report of the University of Edin-
burgh, 1904-5 (2{d.) ; Annual Report on
the Finances of the University of Edin-
burgh, 1904-5 (l£d.) ; University of
Edinburgh, two Ordinances (\d. and Id.) ;
and Ordinance No. XIII. of the Uni-
versities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aber-
deen, and Edinburgh (\d.).
SCIENCE
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
The Founders of Geology. By Sir Archi-
bald Geikie. Second Edition. (Macmillan
& Co.) — This work was originally based on
a short course of lectures delivered at the
Johns Hopkins University. In the new
edition so much fresh matter has been intro-
duced that instead of being confined, as the
lectures were, to the lives of a few geologists
belonging to what has been called the Heroic
Age of geology, the expanded work deals
with a long succession of illustrious men
who have contributed, age after age, to the
foundation of geological science. A notable
feature in the new edition is a sketch of the
crude attempts of the philosophei's of Greece
and Rome to interpret phenomena of the
earth. Again, the growth of geological
ideas in the Middle Ages is treated at greater
length than in the former edition, which
began virtually with the rise of the French
school, led by Buffon and Guettard. Sir
Archibald Geikie's volume is not a systematic
history of geology, like the well-known
work of Zittel, but it is an admirable outline
of the development of the science, as revealed
by the life and labours of a representative
selection of its more distinguished fathers.
Mr. John Murray has added to his
" Popular Edition " of Darwin's works
The Movements and Habits of Climbing
Plants. This issue is the only one at a cheap
price that can be commended, as it includes
in each case Darwin's latest corrections and
annotations. He was in touch with many
foreign men of science, and we think it
unfair to him as well as to the advance of
science to republish his works without such
modifications.
Modern Cosmogonies. By Agnes M. Gierke.
(A. & C. Black.) — An extended review of
this very interesting book is not necessary,
as, of the sixteen chapters composing it,
thirteen have already appeared as articles
in Knowledge and its continuation, Know-
ledge and Illustrated Scientific News. The
other three render the scheme complete, and
the whole forms an able discussion of the
course of modern inquiries regarding the
origin of the universe. The various specula-
tions concerning tho so-called nebular hypo-
thesis or theory are, of course, fully
discussed. Probably the last chapter, on
' Life as the Outcome,' will be read with the
greatest interest. A notable characteristic
of Miss Gierke's books is the thoroughness,
with which she goes into all the questions-
connected with tho points she is discussing.
Tho present work does not fail in this respect;
and as it is adapted to a larger circle of
readers than most of her previous produc-
tions, the larger type will be an additional
attraction.
Experimental Electrochemistry. By Munro
Hopkins, Ph.D. (Constable & Co.)— The
modern developments of electrochemistry
have been so rapid and varied that one could
only have welcomed a text-book giving a
clear and connected account oi the present
position of the subject ; but unfortunately
Prof. Hopkins's book does not fulfil this
function. The subject is throughout treated
from the point of view oi the electrolytic
dissociation theory, of which the author
seems to be a strong supporter, and which,
to quote his own words, " has the most
excellent experimental evidence in its
favour " ; but we cannot agree with his
attitude when he says that " the arguments
against the theory will not be introduced
for fear of confusing the student " (chap. ii.
p. 17). The book is admittedly written for
the advanced student, and we hold that all
the arguments against the theory, as well
as those in favour of it, should be introduced
to the reader ; we think, moreover, that
greater harm is done by an over-zealous-
partisan who refuses to discuss the difficulties,,
and to point out the limitations of his theory,,
than by the most vehement attack of an
opponent.
In a short note at the beginning of the
book the author gives some " suggestions to>
students and research-workers in electro-
chemistry," in which we find the following
statement : —
" Chemists, until very lately, have shown a;
pathetic need of electrochemical knowledge, a
failure only rivalled, it may he said, by the lack
of chemical knowledge exhihited by electricians."
Ite has been our good fortune to enjoy the
acquaintance of several chemists well versed
in physics, and electricians with no mean
knowledge of chemistry ; but after reading-
the present volume one is tempted to think
that the above-mentioned type of chemist
is not altogether extinct, as will be realized
from the following quotations, taken at
random from Prof. Hopkins's book. Regard-
ing the pressure due to a perfect gas, we are
told on p. 21 that
" there will be repellent forces between the mole-
miles of the gas, driving them to the remotest
recesses of the containing vessel, and consequent 1\
there will be a pressure against the walls of the
same."
At the beginning of chap. iii. we are told
that
"it is well known that water freezes constantly
at 0° G, and that this fact has been made the
basis for the several thermometric scales for
scientific purposes throughout tho world."
Then on p. 55 we learn that " the electricity
from a frictional machine is almost all
potential difference " (the italics are in the
original) ; and again we are told, with
regard to the heating of iron when the
direction of magnetization is repeatedly
reversed, that " this heating of iron by an
alternating current under such cii cumstances
is called ' hysteresis ' " (p. 63).
These are only a few examples of inaccuracy,
which might be multiplied did space permit.
We note that much care has been taken over
the illustrations, of which there are a hundred
and thirty. It is disappointing to find that
this standard of excellence has not beer*
maintained in the text.
N°4096, April 28, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
519
STEREOISOMERISM. *
It is^now more than one hundred years
,since Dalton revived the atomic hypothesis,
or the idea that all matter is composed of
small particles. Since Dalton's time the
whole fabric of chemistry has been built up
•on this idea as a foundation. It has always
been one of the chief aims of chemists to
"find out how these atoms are linked together
in every substance. Chemical formulas are
•expressions of this idea, and have been
•developed step by step since Dalton first
proposed their use ; so that now the formula
of any given compound should represent all
the more important chemical facts known
about it.
An example can be given in lactic acid, the
acid present in sour milk. By analysis it is
found to consist, of the elements carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen ; moreover, these
elements are always present in the same
proportions. If the Daltonian idea of atoms
is correct, then the smallest particle, or
molecule, of lactic acid, should be built up
of these three elements, and we can write
the formula for lactic acid as follows :
C3H(!0.,. This means that there are three
atoms of carbon, six of hydrogen, and three
of oxygen in the molecule of lactic acid.
By further experiments on lactic acid, the
chemist can prove that these atoms are
arranged in certain groups, or, in other
words, one of these carbon atoms is linked
to four different groups composed of the
remaining atoms : (1) a group of one carbon
and three hydrogen atoms ; (2) a group of
one carbon, one hydrogen, and two oxygen
atoms ; (3) a group of one hydrogen and
one oxygen atom ; (4) a hydrogen atom.
The chemical formula was expanded accord-
ingly to C(CH,) (CO,H) (OH) (H).
In the year 1873 Wislicenus pointed out
that there were at least two lactic acids with
identical components, i.e., they were isomeric:
one was found in sour milk, the other in
flesh. He contended that the chemical
formulas then in use were inadequate, and
did not account for the facts. At once the
atomic hypothesis was called upon for an
explanation. The difficulty was soon sur-
mounted, and, as often happens, two
chemists, independently of each other,
•brought forward the same solution of it
oluring the next year, 1 874.
The new idea was excessively simple,
namely, that instead of expressing these
formulas by writing them in one plane on a
sheet of paper, the various groups in the
molecule should be represented as arranged
in space ; space formulas, or stereo-cite niical
formulas, should be used instead. This
done, theory and fact would once more be-
in accord.
These two chemists, Van't Hoff and Le
Bel, pointed out that if round a central atom
four different atoms or groups of atoms were
symmetrically arranged, there were two
different ways in which this could be done ;
moreover, the one configuration was tho
optical image of the other. If a man has only-
one eye, and that is the right eye, his reflec-
tion in a glass shows also a man with only
one eye, but that one is the left. The
reflection of the face of a watch, a spiral
shell, or a screw shows tho same state of
things. Further, if tho mirror image of the
man could walk out of the mirror, it would
be idontical with the real man except that
he had been turned round : it would have
* The earlier art Idea in this Series nppeared as follows'
M, I'oincare on 'La Fin de la Matiere,' February 17th
Sir William Ramsay on 'Helium and the Trnjism'utatinn
■«.f Blemente,' March lOth ; and Dr. A. II. Hnrherer on
"The shape of Electrons and the klaxwellian Theory'
Jklarch 24th. "
one eye, and that the left eye, and no amount
of turning in any direction could make it
identical with the real man. The one can
be said to be right-eyed, and the other loft-
eyed.
This asymmetry, or enantiomorphism,
can only exist where there are four different
groups. In the man's face we can take the
forehead, the eyes, and the nose as repre-
senting the four different groups. But
should two be the same, then the asymmetry
at once disappears. If the man were blind
with both eyes, then, as far as the face was
concerned, the mirror image of the man
would be the same as that of the real man.
This explanation therefore, was brought
forward to account for the existence of the
two different lactic acids : they are supposed
to be stereo-isomers of one another. The
differences between the two lactic acids that
Wislicenus investigated were the following :
the one from sour milk was without action
on a beam of plane-polarized light ; the
one from flesh was dextro-rotatory, or
turned the plane of the polarized light to
the right. Several other differences were
observed, all of a physical nature, such as
solubility of the salts, crystalline form, &c.
But it is this property of action on polarized
light that is most interesting, because a
very large number of substances that are
of the greatest value possess this property —
starches, sugars, albumens, and many natural
medicinal compounds, such as quinine, cam-
phor, and tartaric acid. Some are dextro-
rotatory, others laevo-rotatory. This property
of acting on polarized light was discovered
by Arago in 1811. He noticed it in quartz,
calcspar, and some other minerals. But it
was Biot in 1815 who made the great dis-
covery that many of the natural organic
compounds rotate the plane of polarized
light. It remained for Pasteur (1848-58)
to produce the most splendid and classical
work on the subject, namely, on tartaric
acid : ' The Relations between Composition,
Optical Activity, and Crystalline Form.'
On looking back with the added knowledge
of fifty years, one marvels to see how com-
plete the work was. Pasteur showed that
the atoms in these organic compounds must
be asymmetrically grouped to explain their
optical activity. He thus opened a new
and wholly surprising chapter in chemistry
— one which has already grown to fill books,
and in the future must be more and more
important, especially in connexion with
physiological chemistry.
Briefly stated, his work on tartaric acid
was as follows. He proved the existence
of four different tartaric acids, differing only
slightly in properties : the ordinary dextro-
tartaric acid, a laevo-acid, and two optically
inactive acids — racemic acid and meso-
tartaric acid (these last two made from the
ordinary acid by heat). He proved that the
optically inactive racemic acid was a mixture
of equal quantities of the dextro- and laevo-
acids, and discovered the following methods
by which the racemic acid could be resolved
into its two active constituents : —
( 1 ) Spontaneous separation by crystalliza-
tion.— When the sodium ammonium race-
mate is allowed to crystallize slowly, right-
and left handed crystals separate. These
may be picked out by hand, and on regene-
rating the acid from them, in the one case a
dextro-acid is produced, in tho other a
] ivo-ncid. It was this experiment that so
delighted M. Biot, for when Pasteur showed
it to him, he, seizing Pasteur's hand,
exclaimed : " My dear child, I have all my
life so loved this science that I can hear my
heart beat with joy."
(2) Separation by means of other optically
active substances. — For instance, cinchonine
is an optically active base. If the cin-
chonine racemate be fractionally crystallized,
a more and a less soluble salt result. From
these the regenerated acids are found to be
optically active.
(3) Separation by the action of living
organisms. — If ordinary blue mould, or
Penicillium glaueum, be allowed to grow in
an optically inactive solution of ammonium
racemate, it destroys only one of the tartaric
acids present, the dextro-acid ; the solution
therefore becomes laevo-rotatory. This last
method is of supreme physiological im-
portance.
Since Pasteur's time no further methods
of any importance have been discovered
for the separation of these mixtures of two
oppositely active substances.
It was not till 1874 that the stereochemical
explanation accounted for the existence of
these four different tartaric acids. In
tartaric acid there are two asymmetric
carbon atoms : in the ordinary acid both
these are dextro-rotatory, in the laevo-acid
they are both laevo-rotatory ; in the racemic
acid we have an equal mixture of these two ;
and in mesotartaric acid, which Pasteur
could not separate by any of the methods
already mentioned, one of the carbon atoms
is dextro- and the other laevo-rotatory.
Racemic acid is said to be externally
compensated, mesotartaric internally com-
pensated. In lactic acid there is only one
asymmetric carbon atom, therefore we
cannot have an internally compensated acid.
Although such substances as tartaric and
lactic acids, when obtained from natural
sources, are optically active, yet when pro-
duced synthetically in the laboratory they
are always optically inactive. This, of
course, is only natural, for just as much of
the dextro- as the laevo-compound is pro-
duced. Why i« it that in Nature's labora-
tory a selective influence should be at work ?
To this question there is at present no
satisfactory answer. We do know this,
however, that various living organisms, also
ferments and enzymes, are capable of acting
on one only of these optical isomers, and it
is the one which occurs naturally. Yeast
will ferment grape sugar and fruit sugar,
but not their optical isomers. This fact is
of great interest. All our foods nearly —
starches, sugars, albumens, &c. — aro optically
active substances, and the process of diges-
tion is largely effected by enzymes or ferments.
Each ferment can be compared to a screw or
key : a right-hand screw will not go into a
left-hand nut ; a right-handed ferment will
not xmlock a left-handod sugar, and by
hydrolysis convert it into food that can be
assimilated. Some readers may remember
the man in ' The Plattner Story,' by Mr.
H. G. Wells, who, by being turned round in
four-dimensional space, came back to this
earth as his optical isomer. If such a thing
coidd happen, almost certainly that man
would starve, for all his food would be like
right-hand screws, incapable of fitting into
the molecularly left-handed nuts of tho
tissue of his body.
J. Norman Collie.
M. PIERRE CURIE.
The tragic death on Thursday week of
M. Pierre Curie removes one who may be
regarded as tho most widely known
BCientific man of the day— the discoverer
of radium. This distinguished savant was
the victim of his own imprudence in crossing
;V2<>
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4090, April 28, 1906
the Hue Dauphine, Paris, whilst that
thoroughfare waa, apparently, crowded with
vehicles. The result is tlu- loss to science
of one who, in a comparatively short life
and with nothing like the resources of well-
equipped laboratories, had accomplished
much, and from whom many more im-
portant discoveries wore reasonably ex-
pected.
M. Curie was one of the few typical
" plodders " who have arrived at fame during
life. He was a native of Paris, where he
was born on May 15th, 1859, the son of a
medical man. Science appears to have had
a singular fascination for him in early youth,
and in this his tastes were shared by his
brother Paul. He was educated at the
Sorbonne, and after taking various degrees,
was appointed Chef des Travaux at the
£cole de Physique et de Chimie of the City
of Paris, and in 1895 professor at the same
school. Soon after the discovery in 1896, by
M. Henri Becquerel, of the principle of radio-
activity, the joint investigations of M. Curie
and his wife — the latter had taken radio-
activity as the subject of the thesis for her
doctorate — resulted in the discovery of the
new substance now universally known by the
name of radium. This discovery was com-
municated by M. Curie to the French
Academic des Sciences in March, 1903, and
on the following June 19th a demonstration
of it was given by him at the Royal
Institution in London.
It is not necessary to enter into details
concerning this great discovery, the far-
reaching importance of which has not
yet been grasped by the lay mind. The
announcement at any rate did not meet
with the usual fate of discoveries, for its
magnitude was immediately recognized
by scientific men all over the world.
Both M. Curie and his wife (a daughter
of Prof. Sklodowski, of Warsaw) have
been the recipients of various honours in
connexion with radium. In 1903 they
were awarded the Davy Medal by the
Royal Society, and in the same year they
shared with M. Henri Becquerel the
Nobel Prize ; and on July 31st of last year
M. Curie was elected to the French Academie
des Sciences in the place of the engineer
Potier.
M. Curie's death at a comparatively early
stage of his scientific researches is a calamity,
for he announced to one of his friends only
a few weeks ago that he was in the way of
discovering the " production plus pratique
et plus abondante du radium, qu'il avait deja
retrouve en minimes quantites dans certaines
eaux de source." But the investigations of
M. and Madame Curie will doubtless be
continued by the surviving partner in the
work. M. Curie was of a singularly
retiring nature, and the Parisian inter-
viewers found him a poor victim for
" copy " : reticent on most subjects, he
could scarcely be persuaded to say a
word respecting the great discovery
which will always be associated with his
name. His scientific writings have been
entirely confined to articles in the Comptes
Rendus of the Academie des Sciences, to the
Journal de Physique, and to the Annales de
Physique et Chimie. W. R.
SOCIETIES.
Society of Antiquaries. — April 5. — Lord
Avebury, President, in the chair.— Mr. W. H.
St. John Hope read a note on the brass of Sir
Hugh Hastings in Elsing Church, Norfolk, in
which he demonstrated that the small shields,
now lost, belonging to some of the side figures,
and hitherto conjectured to have been of enamelled
OOpper, had actually been of coloured glass. He
also showed that the tracery of the canopy, and
the places for the missing shields referred to, and
for four other shields in the upper part of the
memorial, were yet tilled with the white plaster or
gesso cement for attaching the glass, and that in
one of the openings of the canopy the; glass decora-
tion actually remained in place. No other brass
was at present known which had been so orna-
mented, but Mr. Hope thought it not improbable
that the shields that once adorned the dress of
Margaret de OamoTS on her brass at Trotton,
Sussex, were also originally of glass, and not
enamel. — Mi. F. G. Hilton Price exhibited a two-
handed sword of the sixteenth century lately found
in Kingsway, and a Viking sword recovered from
the Thames at Wandsworth. — Mr. J. W. Garnham
exhibited a finer and more perfect example of a
Viking sword found in the Thames at Vauxhall. —
Mr. Worthington G. Smith communicated a note
on the illuminated title-pages of the earliest
Dunstable parish register, executed about 1600,
facsimiles of which he also exhibited. — Mr. Hamon
le Strange exhibited a flint implement of the
Neolithic period, probably a pick, found at
Heacham, Norfolk, during the building of a new
schoolhouse. — Mr. John Acland exhibited a Roman
ivory sword-hilt of unusual form, lately discovered
at Dorchester, Dorset.
April 23 (St. George's Day). — Annual Meeting. —
Viscount Dillon, V.P., in the chair. — Messrs. R.
Garraway Rice and Herbert Jones were appointed
scrutators of the ballot. — Owing to the unavoidable
absence abroad of the President, the Secretary
read for him his annual address, which contained
the usual notices of deceased Fellows, and passed
in review the chief incidents connected with the
Society, and the more important archaeological
investigations and discoveries during the year. —
On the motion of Sir E. W. Brabrook, seconded
by Sir Richard Holmes, it was unanimously re-
solved : ' ' That the best thanks of the meeting be
given to the President for his address, and that he
be requested to allow it to be printed." — The
following were declared duly elected President,
Council, and officers of the Society for the ensuing
year : President, Lord Avebury ; Vice-Presidents,
Viscount Dillon, Sir Henry H. Howorth, and Sir
Edward M. Thompson ; Treasurer, Mr. Philip
Norman ; Director, Mr. F. G. Hilton Price ;
Secretary, Mr. C. H. Read ; Lord Balcarres, Sir
Edward W. Brabrook, Sir Owen Roberts, and
Messrs. J. Willis Clark, H. L. Cust, J. W.
Willis-Bund, W. Dale, G. E. Fox, Everard Green,
Hubert Hall, A. G. Hill, C. R. Peers, A. B.
Skinner, and H. R. Tedder.
British Archaeological Association. — April
18.— Mr. C. H. Compton, V.P., in the chair.— An
exhibition of Samian ware and a flint arrowhead,
discovered in a wood near Chislehurst, was made
by Mr. Nichols. — Mr. R. H. Forster, Hon.
Treasurer, read a paper on ' The Tenth Iter of
Antoninus and the Roman Stations in the North
of England.' He said that the course of the Tenth
Iter, from Mediolanum, through Manchester and
Ribchester, as far as Overborough, has been
generally agreed upon ; but the positions of the
intervening stations have been the subjects of much
speculation. Mr. Watkins ('Roman Lancashire')
continues the route northwards, making Borrow
Bridge, Alone ; Kirby Thore, Galava ; and
Whitley Castle, Glanoventa, the terminus of the
iter; but this is not satisfactory, as Whitley Castle
is not a likely terminus, and a comparison of the
distances given in Iter II. and Iter V. shows that
Kirby Thore was Bravonacaa — probably the same
as the Braboniacum of the 'Notitia.' Old Carlisle,
near Wigton, has been suggested ; but it is hard to
fit the intervening stations to known Roman sites.
A more likely place is Ravenglass, which was an
important post up to mediaeval times : and if
Ravenglass be Glanoventa, Ambleside will be
Galava ; Watercrook, near Kendal, Alio ; and
Overborough, Galacum, the respective distances
corresponding with fair accuracy, if the route from
Overborough be taken due west till the road from
Lancaster to Watercrook is joined. Assuming
that the Glanoventa, Alio, and Bremetonacum of
the ' Itinerary ' are the Glannibanta, Alone, and
Bremetenracum of the ' Notitia,' we get three of
the stations per lineam rulli in a definite order ;
and it is possible to connect this linea with
the linea from Segedimum to Amboglanna, if we
take into account the duties of the garrison of the
north of England, which, at the date of the
' Notitia,' had been largely reduced. The wall
across South Northumberland was fully garrisoned,
but North Cumberland seems to have been strongly
held — in fact, rather policed than garrisoned. The
prime necessity in the West was the protection of
the Cumberland coast from raids by the Picts and
Scots, and most of the intervening stations must l>e
sought for here. Possibly Petriana was Stanwix,
l>eside Carlisle, and the Ala Petriana may also have
garrisoned Old Carlisle. Aballaba is identified
with Papcastle, and the four remaining stations
probably lie on the coast, viz., Congavata at Mall-
ray ; Axelodunum at Maryport ; (iabrosentis at
Burrow Walls, near Workington ; and Tunnocelum
at Moresby, near Whitehaven, where a small
natural harbour formerly existed. Olenacum and
Virosidum remain, and these, if the linea is con-
tinued, should be south of Ribchester — possibly at
Wilderspool, near Warrington, and Brough, near
Buxton. This arrangement suggests that a large
part of the reduced garrison of Britain was em-
ployed in watching the hill tribes of the central
mountain chain, and that the troops included in
the second section of the 'Notitia' list guarded
the eastern and northern valleys, especially as we
get a linea of Lavatrse (Bowes), Vertera; (Brough),
and Braboniacum (Kirby Thore). Presidium may
have been Brough on the Humber ; Danum has
been identified with Doncaster ; and Morbium may
be placed at Templeborough. Placing Arbeia at
Almondbury, Dictis at Ilkley, and Concangium
at Bainbridge, near Askrigg, we come to the linea
mentioned. Longovicum seems to be Lanchester,
in Durham ; and the intervening stations of Maglova
and Magae may possibly be found at Whitley
Castle, near Alston, and Old Town, in Allendale.
If the last station, Derventio, were Ebchester, the
linea would end only fifteen miles from Segedunum,
where the iter per lineam valli section begins ; but
this would involve a change of name, and perhaps
Derventio is an outlying station on the Yorkshire
Derwent. The paper was accompanied by maps
and other illustrations. — An interesting discussion
followed, in which the Chairman, Mr. Emanuel
Green, Mr. Edmonds, Mr. C. J. Williams, and
others took part.
Royal Numismatic — April 19. — l^r- Codrington
in the chair. — Mr. Hilton Price exhibited a noble
of Henry V. of his last coinage, having for mint-
mark a perforated cross. Above the king's wrist
is an annulet, and below it a mullet ; and on the
reverse a quatrefoil in the first quarter ef the cross,
and a trefoil in the last. — Dr. J. Keer showed a
plated clipped half-crown of Charles I. struck at
the Tower Mint. — Mr. F. A. Walters exhibited a
large brass of Antoninus Pius with reverse type
"Lretitia," and a second brass of the same
emperor with a seated figure of Britannia. These
coins, with others of the same period, were found
recently near London. Mr. Walters also read a
paper on the coinage of Henry V., in which, after
stating that the new coinage of the last year of
Henry IV. was probably still in progress at his
death, he suggested that, in order to avoid delay,
his dies wrere made available for his successor by
the simple process of punching them with a
mullet (one of the marks of Henry V. ). The paper
dealt with the several issues of this reign, which
were classified in their chronological order on fairly
certain internal evidence. The adoption of special
marks, such as the mullet, the broken annulet, and
the complete annulet, was dealt with at some
length, and a particular significance, not hitherto
attached to them, was proposed for their occur-
rence.
Statistical. — April 24. — A paper on ' Dealings
in Futures in the Cotton Market,' by Prof. S. J.
Chapman and Mr. Douglas Knoop, was read.
Zoological. — April 10. — Mr. Herbert Druce,
V. P., in the chair. — Mr. F. E. Beddard exhibited
a partially dissected specimen of the scincoid
lizard, Trachysaurus rugosus, to show the existence
in that species of abdominal ribs. — Mr. R. I.
Pocock exhibited the skull of a horse showing pre-
orbital pits. — Mr. C. Tate Regan read a paper
dealing with the freshwater fishes of the island of
Trinidad, chiefly based on a collection made by Mr.
N° 4096, April 28, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
521
Lechmere Guppy, jun., and presented by him to
the British Museum. — The Secretary read a com-
munication from Prof. J. A. Thomson and Mr.
W. D. Henderson, which contained an account of
the collection of Alcyonarians made by Mr. Cyril
Crossland at Zanzibar in 1901-2.— A paper from
Dr. J. F. Gemmill treated of ' Cyclopia in Osseous
Fishes,' as observed by him in several advanced
trout embryos. — A second paper by Dr. Gemmill
contained descriptions of cases of supernumerary
eyes, and local deficiency and reduplication of the
notochord, in trout embryos. — A communication
from Mr. P. I. Lathy contained descriptions of
three new varieties of butterflies of the genus
Helicon ius.
Institution or Civil Engineers. — April 2-4. —
Annual Meeting. — Sir Alexander Binnie, President,
in the chair. — The ballot for the election of officers
was declared as follows : President, Sir Alexander
B. W. Kennedy ; Vice - Presidents, Mr. W. R.
Galbraith, Mr. W. Matthews, Sir E. Leader
Williams, and Mr. J. C. Inglis ; Other Members of
Council, Lieut. -Col. W. P. Anderson, Mr. B. Hall
Blyth, Mr. J. Benton, Mr. C. A. Brereton, Mr. R.
Elliot-Cooper, Col. R. E. B. Crompton, Mr. J.
Davis, Dr. G. F. Deacon, Dr. Francis Elgar, Mr.
M. Fitzmaurice, Mr. R. A. Hadfield, Mr. G. H.
Hill, Mr. Walter Hunter, Mr. J. H. Johns, Mr.
G. R. Jebb, Sir William T. Lewis, Sir George
Livesey, Mr. A. G. Lyster, Sir Andrew Noble,
The Hon. C. A. Parsons, Mr. A. Ross, Mr. A.
Siemens, Mr. J. Strain, Sir John I. Thornycroft,
Prof. W. C. Unwin, and Mr. A. F. Yarrow.
Faraday. — April 10. — Prof. A. K. Huntington
in the chair. — Mr. F. W. Harbord communi-
cated papers by Messrs. Keller, Stassano, and
Gin. The paper by M. C. A. Keller was
entitled ' Electrothermics of Iron and Steel ' ; that
by Cav. M. E. Stassano, ' Note on the Rotating
Electric Steel Furnace in the Artillery Construc-
tion Works, Turin ' ; and that by M. Gustave
Gin, ' Note on Recent Developments in the Gin
Electric Steel Furnace.' — A paper by Mr. H. S.
Coleman, entitled ' Notes on the Cleaning of Work
by means of the Electric Current,' was communi-
cated by Dr. F. Mollwo Perkin.
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Mox.
Tces.
Institute of Actuaries. 5.—' Reversionary Securities as Invest-
ments.' Mr. C. R. V. Coutts.
Society of Arts. 8.—' Ivory,' Lecture II., Mr. A. Maskell.
(Cantor Lecture. I
Royal Institution. ."..—'Greek Classical Dress in Life and in
Art.' Lecture II.. Prof. G. Baldwin Brown.
— Society of Arts, 4.30. — ' Social Conditions in Australia,' Hon.
J. G. Jenkins.
— Royal Institution. 5.— Annual Meeting.
— Zoological, 8.30.— ' Additional Notes on Anthropoid Apes,'
Hon. Walter Rothschild ; 'On Mammals collected in South-
west Australia ' by Mr. W. E. Balston. Mr. Oldfield
Thomas; 'On the Lepidoptera collected during the Recent
Expedition to Tibet.' Mr. H. .l.Elwes and Sir G. Hampson.
Wed. Archaeological Institute. 4.— 'Notes on Fonts.' Mr. A. Fryer ;
' Excavations in Hayling Island,' Mr. Talfourd Ely.
— Entomological, 8.
— Institution of Civil Engineers, 8.—' Unsolved Problems in
Metallurgy.' Mr. H. A. Hadfield. IJames Forrest Lecture.)
— Society of Arts, 8.— 'Submarine Signalling,' Mr. J. B. Millet.
TncRS. Royal, 4.30.
— Royal Institution, s.— 'The Digestive Tract in Birds and
Mammals,' Lecture II., Mr. P. C. Mitchell.
— Linnean. 8.— Adjourned discussion on ' Origin of Gymnosperms.'
— Chemical, 8.30.— 'The Relation between Absorption Spectra
and Chemical Constitution : Part V. The Isonitroso Com-
pounds,' Messrs. E. 0. C. Baly, E. G. Marsden, and A. W.
Stewart; 'The Action of Tribromopropane on the Sodium
Derivative of Ethyl Malonate. Part II..' Messrs. \\". H.
Perkin, jun., and ,J. L Simonsen ; ' Braiilin and Hematoxy-
lin : Part VII. 'Some Derivatives of Braiilein,' Messrs. P.
Engels and W. H. Perkin, jun.; 'Pipitzahoic Acid,' Mr.
J. M. Sanders ; and other Papers.
— Society of Antiquaries, 8.30.—' An Alabaster Figure of St.
George and the Dragon.' Mr. C. H. Vowell ; ' Excavations at
Kirklees Priory. Yorks,' Sir G. .1. Armytage.
Philological, 8.—' Notes on English Etymology,' Rev. Prof.
Skcat.
Royal Institution, 9.— 'The Steam Turbine on Land and at
Sea.' Hon. 0. A. Parsons.
Fni.
Sat.
Royai Institution. 3.— 'English Furniture in the Eighteenth
Century,' Lecture II., Prof. C. Waldstein.
%titxitt (gossip.
The Council of the Institution of Civil
Engineers have made the following awards
for papers read and discussed before the
Institution during the past session : a Telford
Gold Medal to Mr. J. A. Saner, a Watt Gold
Medal to Mr. G. G. Stoney, and a George
Stephenson Gold Modal to Dr. T. E. Stanton ;
Telford Premiums to Mr. Leonard Bairstow,
Mr. H. S. Bidwell, Mr. J. J. Webster, Mr.
Cathcart W. Mothven, Mr. H. A. Mavor, and
Sir Frederick R. Upcott ; and a Manby
Premium to Mr. D. E. Lloyd-Davies. The
presentation of these awards, together with
those for papers which have not been subject
to discussion, will take place at the inaugural
meeting of next session.
The distinguished physician Dr. Ludwig
Kleinwachter, whose death is announced
from Vienna, was born in 1839, in Prague,
where he studied, and subsequently was
appointed lecturer at the University. He
accepted a call to Innsbruck in 1878, but
his liberal views brought him into conflict
with the clericals ; he resigned in 1881, and
was never able to obtain another academic
post, owing to the charges of free thought
brought against him. He therefore took a
medical practice at Czernowitz, in Austrian
Galicia, where he died. He was a contributor
of valuable articles to various encyclopaedias,
and the author of some important medical
works, among them ' Grundriss der
Geburtshulfe ' and a ' Lehrbuch der
Hebammenkunst. '
Prof. J. G. Hagen, S.J., Director of the
Georgetown College Observatory, Wash-
ington, has been appointed to the Director-
ship of the Vatican Observatory at Rome.
The moon will be full at 2h. 10m. (Green-
wich time) on the afternoon of the 8th prox.,
and new at 8h. lm. on the morning of the
23rd. She will be in perigee on the evening
of the 8th. The planet Mercury will be at
greatest western elongation from the sun on
the 3rd, and be visible in the morning during
the first half of the month, situated in the
constellation Pisces. Venus moves during
May from Taurus into Gemini, and sets later
each evening ; she will be near (3 Tauri on
the 18th and 19th, and in conjunction with
the moon on the 25th. Mars (now a faint
object) will be in conjunction with Venus
on the 6th, and very near ft Tauri on the
29th and 30th. Jupiter is also in the con-
stellation Taurus — to the east of Venus
until the 11th, and to the west of her after-
wards. Saturn is in the eastern part of
Aquarius, and rises earlier each morning.
Ross's comet (c, 1906) is now very near
the Pleiades, and still moving in a north-
easterly direction ; but its brightness is
only about the seventh part of what it was
at the time of discovery.
Madame Ceraski, in her examination of
photographic plates taken by M. Blajko at
the Moscow Observatory, has detected two
new variable stars, which will be reckoned as
var. 34, 1906, Camelopardalis and var. 35,
1906, Persei respectively. The first of these
when brightest exceeds the tenth magnitude,
the second only the eleventh ; both sink
below \2\ when faintest.
FINE ARTS
THE NEW GALLERY.
More completely than the Academy,
which has ever maintained a close touch
with the outside public, the New Gallery is
the typical West-End exhibition, and by it
the average aristocrat's taste in art may
reasonably be judged. Show me the pic-
tures you like, and I will tell you what you
arc. The present exhibition displays more
markedly than its predecessors that the
result of this relative exclusiveness is a
show which is less amusing than the Academy
on other than artistic grounds, and offers
much less display of downright philistine
capacity, but hardly anything in the way of
more refined beauty or more subtle qualify to
compensate for these deficiencies. A watered-
down Academy is what the New Gallery has
become, and one is tempted to describe
aristocratic taste in art as the same as that
of the large public, but in more languid
degree.
The work of Mr. Edward Stott in what
was probably his best period used to offer,
a few years back, some excuse for the bring-
ing together of a collection of pictures in
other respects nearly a duplicate of the
larger show at Burlington House ; and in one
exhibition the inclusion of several first-rate
pictures by the sturdiest of painters of out-
door rustic subjects inspired the hope that
the directors had recognized in Mr. James
Charles a more than adequate successor to
Mr. Stott. Neither of these excuses now
remains, for Mr. Stott has been picked off
by the Royal Academy, and Mr. Charles
apparently dropped as not attractive to the
fastidious New Gallery public. There re-
mains, indeed, little here that is not likely
to be found better in the Academy, save the
very real technical beauty of Mr. Southall's
ill-conceived and unconvincing picture of
The Daughter of Herodias. For some pur-
poses Mr. Southall has an admirable under-
standing of the art of putting on paint.
Certain passages in the drapery of the
principal figure and in the still life in the
foreground could hardly be bettered ; but
he has used these great executive gifts to
make a mere simulacrum of a picture,
without dramatic sense or real attempt at
characterization.
Among the sculpture, it is true, there are
three works by Mr. Tweed, and two of them
are probably as good as he has yet shown —
the Mrs. Gervase Beckett by means of a certain
refinement of modelling and nice observance
of values, while the Latona, an ugly type of
flabby humanity, is saved by a rather
sculpturesque and simple pose. These,
however, stand out mainly because of the
commonplaceness of the other exhibits, or
rather would so stand out but for the tran-
scendent superiority of one work, by com-
parison with which all the other sculpture
seems much on a level. Mr. Alexander
Fisher's little mirror-frame is a gem of beauty.
The figure, good as it is, is perhaps hardly
sufficiently fine for its setting, if one may
make a word French by putting it into
italics ; but with this reservation the whole
is delightful, nor can one praise enough the
sanity of taste that offers us in a work of
this severity a passage so " pretty " (there
is no other word for it) as the pierced spray
at the top. By it the work seems to fall
into line with the frankly festive manner of
nature's own ornament, and is saved from
the pedantic bareness that attacks modern
efforts at purity of style. The pious thing
to do with a work of art so daintily classic
woidd be solemnly to bury it, say at Bosco
Trecase, as some set-off to the obligations
the soil has laid us under in preserving the
beauties of Pompeii.
It would be well before leaving the Central
Hall to expross, in the public interest, the
hope that there are no heads of departments
so simple as to take seriously Mr. Natorp's
projects for damaging Hyde Park Corner :
if that be clearly understood, there is no
harm in them. In view of the fact that
miniature painting is an art that is exten-
sively patronized, we may also point out
that Mr. Charles Cere is an artist on another
plane from its ordinary practitioners. A
large collection of typical Parisian exhibition
jewellery is shown by M. Gaillard. Similar
to, but not quite so good as, the best work
of Lahque, it tells the same story of a flavour
522
THE ATIIKNJKUM
N*4096. Apml28. 1906
of artistry hanging nlMiiit thfl urn Uimiui'm
ezeoution when the designer ia entire!)
innooent of art.
Than ii not much that need detain the
visitor when, to insped the oil paintings he
begins %% 1 1 1 1 the small South Room. One
**•<*< Mr. Tuke dealing with a nude female
figure, end forcing it to aaauma the character-
i tica of thf bony, angular anatomies he has
been studying bo long in his pioturea of hoys
bathing. Mr. Thorne-Waite has a Land-
scape in imitation of the Barry Rngiiah
School which looks very thin beside the
sturdy sincerity of a moderate example of
Mr. James Aumonier'a art. Mr. John Eteid
would ho ono of the best painters hero if
only he would forgo his ill-designed fore-
ground figures ; while there is some accom-
plishment in the Francesco of Mr. Arthur
Backer, an unfortunate* painter who has
been unreasonably reviled for his worst
pictures by a generation of critics old enough
to remember his very serious and painter-
like ' Death of Pelagia.'
About the blazing sunlight of Mr. Sargent's
sandpit full of goats, in the West Room,
hangs something of the hot, rank smell
which must have assailed the painter when
he sketched it, and which is perhaps the
real excuse for its summary execution. If
he would push such works to the pitch of
intensity of his best portraits, here is a
branch of art in which he might do great
things. There is a temptation to approach
Buch travel-subjects in the unattractive
spirit of the globe-trotter, as in the Geth-
semane on the opposite wall, which might
almost be used, title and all, as an advertise-
ment for " Cook's." His other works here
are somewhat photographic, save for a
rather more intimate touch in the head of
Padre, Albera.
It would ill become a reviewer of London
picture galleries to be other than grateful
to Mr. George Henry for his efforts at brighten-
ing up, as a place of artistic entertainment,
almost every exhibition held here in the
last few years. His success does not mark
his talent out as pre-eminently that of the
portrait-painter, for the more serious walks
of whose profession less immediate attrac-
tiveness of pigment is required, with an art
that bears longer acquaintance. But the
studies (mostly of the same rather attractive
lady) with which he glibly adorns our
exhibitions tell of the natural decorator,
and it is earnestly to be hoped that between
whiles he will give himself that practice in
more constructive design that world qualify
him to seize the occasion (if occasion should
arise) of painting the foyers and banqueting
halls of the future with the simplo gaiety of
colour of his Summer Morn. Mr. Austen
Brown's Meadow Flowers is in a similar
vein by a man of much ability who has never
really found his genre. (How can they find
it, these poor decorators, if there is no decora-
tion to do ?) Among his figure subjects it
is a more than usually charming example of
a man whose besetting sin is an occasional
relapse into Barbizonics such as his Hay-
maker. Mr. Max Bohm is apparently a
follower of Mr. Auston Brown.
Mr. Brangwyn has more completely than
any of these men that faculty of seeing his
subject in terms of his material which is at
the root of modern facility in painting. Mr.
Edgar Barclay is interesting as a contrast
belonging to a generation of painters whom
the Btangwyns and Henrys are to replace.
When such a stylo is oxtinct we shall see
that its exponents possessed qualities it was
folly to let slip. Mr. Barclay's picture Phyllis
in the Hazels is slightly, but jarringly out of
harmony in odour, hut has s poetical inten-
tion modestly Bubordinated to natural truth,
and one the full limits of which are not
exhaustively comprehended at the first
glance. In a word, H Hates from a time
when a painting waa intended to he a pos-
session, not a paasing sensation. This is
not to deny that in the complex, though
immediate relation of part with pari of Mr.
Brangwyn's picture there is a good deal to
interest the beholder; but there is much
also which is haphazard and sloppy, and
which, in a picture where every object
appears a good deal more than the size of
life, is not a little offensive, as though it
were an intentional insult to the art of
delicate delineation that was formerly con-
sidered necessary to a fine painting. It wa-
in an art milieu where this delineation had
become a thing of science rather than of
beauty, and where pursuit of the thing painted
had produced disregard of the materials with
which painting was done, that this art was
bred. Any painting founded on right use of
the pigments seems beautiful by comparison
with the scientific realism that in various
forms has encumbered our painting so long ;
but the acceptance, by a man with the ambi-
tion of beautiful paint, of such coarse work
as this will, it is to be hoped, be impossible
in another ten years, when artists begin to
realize their whereabouts. Such a picture
as this of Mr. Brangwyn, which in its way
displays the hand of a master, will then date
itself with absolute certainty. Mr. East in
his balancing of qualities seems nearer the
notion of where good painting lies, but his
very moderation and many-sidedness seem
to stand in his way. We have the feeling
with him that lie is not being unreservedly
himself ; and the want of a certain hearty
abandonment to his convictions robs his
clear-sightedness of its full effect. Very
generally in English exhibitions the same
phenomenon is to be observed. The tradi-
tion of good painting — somewhat stale,
perhaps — was broken some time back by a
mania for realistic impressionist inquiry
into the truth of natural appearances, almost
without any consideration of the means
w hereby these might be realized in a manner
harmonious with the essential nature of pig-
ments. This fashion has been broken
largely by sensational painters — men ab-
sorbed not in the beauty of their material,
but in the attempt, by conventionally exploit-
ing its possibilities, to outshine the impres-
sionist with all his science. Now that these,
certainly the more workmanlike class of
painter, have won their battle, we may hope
the more intelligent of them will devote them-
selves to the culture of a more complete and
perfect art. In landscape an admirable sample
of such sensationalism is Mr. Peppercorn, who
is particularly well represented here. Literal
truthfulness without a feeling for the
structure of paint cannot stand beside this
sort of thing ; but to say that sound structure
in paint cannot stand the burden of greater
truthfulness than this wero to deny all the
masterpieces of art.
It is always the duty of the critic to cast
about for modest merit in obscure corners.
Three examples of this sort, at any rate,
reward the diligent. In the balcony a little
portrait, Mrs. Falcon, by Mrs. Gertrude
Massey, is not so technically accomplished
as at first sight it appears, but is woll-directed,
sound work. Ridiculously skied, Mr. Duff's
sheep picture, The Hillside, shows him at
that charming moment when hard study of
his special subject is just about to bring him
its reward of easy, confident handling, in an
imaginative way, of material all his own.
The iheep in full fleece, like the hoUSUlgB of
mediaival chargera, are vastly different in
nharanterizstiou from those of the ordinary
painter, and the picture altogether in worth
a dosen of the pretentious nullities tliat
an -umber moat of the hoe. Demis Bindtm
dynt, /.'■■'/., bj Mr. ESdwin Smith, ia a g
bust, intimately observed and confidently
handled.
SALES
Mkssis>. (jimstik sold on the 21st inst. the
following pictures: Sam Bough, Newbaven, 893/.
T. s. Cooper, Canterbury Meadows, Cows ami
|. near a Stream, Even 294 Early
Morning, Cattle, Sheep, and Goat* in a i
162/.; Two Cowl and Four Sheep in a Pasture,
120/.; J. P. Herring, A Farmyard, Winter, with
horses, nigs, duck, and pigeons, 1067. B. W.
Leader, The Haymakers, 110?. W*. Midler, Ath<
IIS. Drawing by Birket Foster, A La
with cattle in a i>o 1. .">•>/.
The same firm sold on tho 23rd inst. the fol-
lowing Drawings: Bnrne-Jnnes, Lucre tia, X'~tl.
Milieu, The Town Crier. 68/. Picture by H.
Fantin-Latonr, Portrait of the Artist, in dark
dress, 282/.
Jfrtu-^rt (Bossip.
The private view at the Royal Academy-
is fixed for next Friday.
At Messrs. Graves & Co.'s Galleries Mr.
Baragwanath King has a private view to-day
of water-colour drawings of Ireland. lb-
has traversed the ground covered by the-
King on his last trip.
At the Mendoza Gallery water-colour
drawings by Mr. C. E. Britten are on view.
At Clifford's Gallery, 21, Haymarket.
there is an exhibition of water-colom-.
pastels, and etchings by Mrs. F. M. Uhwin
and Miss A. M. Bauerle, entitled ' Drearrr
Children and Real Children.'
The Viking Club have on view to-day an
exhibition of water-colour drawings and
sketches of scenery and antiquities in Orkney.
Shetland, Scotland, and Sweden, by the lute
Sir Henry Dryden, in the Kings Weigh
House Rooms, Thomas Street, Grosvenor
Square.
The Annual Report as to the National
Caller j% School of Art, Museum of Anti-
quities, &c, in Scotland has just been pub-
lished as a Parliamentary Paper (price 2d.).
The daily press has already extracted
from the Second Report of the National
Art-Collections Fund the details of the
purchase of the " Rokeby " Velasquez. The
Report publishes an admirable article on the
picture by Mr. Claude Phillips, and a repro-
duction of it from The Burlington Magazine.
It was sold, it appears, under order of the
Court of Chancery, for 30,500/., and eventu-
ally passed into the hands of Messrs. T. Agnew
& Sons, from whom it was purchased for
45,000/., and handed over to the Trustees of
the National Gallery on March 14th last.
The Committee came to the conclusion that
the price asked was justified, depending on
information voluntarily furnished by Messrs.
Agnew, which is described as "of a con-
tidential nature."
Wohks secured for the nation in 1905 by
tho Fund (which we heartily congratulate on
the effective part it already has taken in
preserving art treasures for this country) are-
Whistler's ' Nocturne in Blue and Silvor ' of
old Battersea Bridge, now at the Tate Gal-
lery, and the subject of attack by Ruskin in
1 Fots Clavigera '; an oil painting by J. S.
Cotman, presented to the National Gallery
N° 4096, April 28, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
523
of Scotland in August last ; and drawings
by Jacopo Francia and Timoteo Viti, Anglo-
Saxon jewellery, glass, pottery, &c, all pre-
sented to the British Museum. The Fund
also contributed towards the purchase of a
Rhodian- ware jug for the Victoria and Albert
Museum. The total membership was 605 at
the end of last year.
The frontispiece of the May number of
The Burlington Magazine is a photogravure
of the picture called ' The Lovers ' at Buck-
ingham Palace ; Mr. Lionel Cust and Mr.
Herbert Cook contribute articles about the
picture, the former supporting its attribution
to Titian, and the latter ascribing it to Paris
Bordone. Mr. H. Yates Thompson con-
tributes, under the title of ' The Romance
of a Book,' a short account of the second
volume of Josephus lately presented to the
National Library of France. Prof. C. J.
Holmes begins a series of articles on ' The
Development of Rembrandt as an Etcher,'
dealing this month with the etchings of
1628-30. Under the title of 'Art in
Georgian England ' the exhibition of eigh-
teenth-century portraits at Oxford is dealt
with by Sir Walter Armstrong ; and the
exhibition at the Whitechapel Art Gallery
is also reviewed. Sir Richard Holmes's
fourth article on the English miniature
painters deals with Peter Oliver and John
Hoskins. Mr. Lawrence Weaver writes on
4 Lead Portrait Statues,' and Mr. H. P.
Mitchell on an altar cross and candlesticks
which are said to have been made by Valerio
Belli for Francis I. Mr. Roger Fry publishes
pictures by Goya, Nicholas Maes, and
Lorenzo Lotto recently acquired by the
Metropolitan Museum of New York. An
article on the forthcoming sales of engravings
in Germany shows that they will this year
■be of unusual importance.
The death, in his seventy-third year, is
announced from Berlin of Prof. Fritz Sturm,
the well-known landscape and marine painter.
He began life as a house painter, and was a
sailor before he took to his artistic career.
M. Paul Chevallier will sell by auction
at the Galerie Georges Petit, on Friday next,
the remarkably fine collection of modern
pictures of M. Ch. Viguier, among which are
choice examples of such artists as Besnard,
■Corot, Fantin-Latour, Harpignies, Henner,
Jongkind, Meissonier, Monet, Pissarro,
Renoir, Roybet, Sisley (of whom there are
ten examples), Vollon, and Ziem. A few
of the works have passed through other sales,
but M. Viguier appears to have obtained the
major portion of his collection from the
artists themselves. With the drawings,
pastels, and sketches, there are 94 lots. The
single example of Meissonier is the portrait
•of Madame Lebon, which was No. 21 in the
artist's sale.
Rodin's famous statue ' Le Penseur ' was
officially inaugurated on Sunday last in front
of the Pantheon, Paris. Its purchase and
•erection by public subscription have been
largely due to the initiative of M. Gabriol
Mourey, who, with M. Dujardin-Beaumetz,
made a speech at the ceremony.
The Committee of the British School at
Rome are about to appoint a Director at
4001. a year, who will also have the use of
rooms, rent and service free, on the premises
<>f the School in the Odescalchi Palace.
Applications, which may be accompanied
bj testimonials, should bo addressed to the
Secretary <>f the School, at 22, Albemarle
Street, not later than May 15th.
At the Society of Arts the Cantor Lectures
are being delivered by Mr. Alfred Maskcll
on ' Ivory in Commerce and in the Arts.'
His excellent book on ' Ivories ' may be
remembered. The second lecture, which
deals with the artistic use of ivory, is to be
delivered next Monday, and the third on
May 7th. Tickets of admission may be
obtained through the members of the Society
of Arts.
Tlie Antiquary for May will contain,
among others, the following articles : ' The
Carvings at Barfreston Church ' (illustrated),
by the Rev. A. H. Collins ; ' Picts and Pets,'
by Mr. W. C. Mackenzie ; ' An Illustrated
Account of Recent Action by the Hertford-
shire County Council under the Ancient
Monuments Protection Acts, 1882 and 1900,'
by the Honorary Secretary of the East
Hertfordshire Archaeological Society ; ' The
Ornaments of a Bishop's Chapel,' by Dr.
James Wilson ; ' The London Signs and their
Associations,' by Mr. MacMichael ; ' Illus-
trated Notes on the Arms of Roscarrock
impaling Thynne,' by Mr. Tavenor-Perry ;
and 'St. William's College, York,' by the
Rev. C. N. Gray.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
Bechstein Hall. — Joachim Quartet Con-
cert.
The firetfof the Joachim Quartet Concerts
was given at Bechstein Hall on Monday
evening. The statement that Dr. Joachim
had decided to retire into private life
would not cause any surprise, for he has
reached an age which would fully justify
such a step. But he has come again
amongst us, and at this concert he was in
splendid form ; the renderings were indeed
remarkable for life, feeling, and the way
in which Dr. Joachim and his worthy
associates entered into the spirit of the
three composers represented ; in listening
to them one's thoughts are of the
music, not of the performers. First came
Mozart's Quartet in B flat, one of the three
written in 1785 which caused Haydn to
say to Mozart's father that he considered
his son the greatest living composer.
Next came Beethoven's c sharp minor
(Op. 131), and finally Haydn's in f (Op. 77,
No. 2). Mozart in his later works fore-
shadowed Beethoven, and so also did
Haydn. In the quartet in question the
Menuetto, with its striking variety of
rhythm, and melange of lights and shades,
reminds one forcibly of his successor.
This afternoon the first of the two addi-
tional concerts will take place at Queen's
Hall. The attractive programme con-
sists of Brahms's Clarinet Quintet, Men-
delssohn's now rarely heard Octet, and
Mozart's Serenade in E flat for wind instru-
ments. In addition to the Joachim
Quartet, the following artists will take
part in the performances : MM. Maurice
Sons, Thomas F. Morris, A. Gibson, and
Percy Such ; and oboes, MM. W. M.
Malsch and E. Davies ; clarinets, Prof.
Miihlfeld and Mr. M. Gomez ; horns, MM.
A. Borsdorf and H. Vandermeorsrhcn ;
and bassoons, MM. E. F. James and Wilfred
James.
Violin Recitals.
During the past week three notable
violinists have been heard. On Saturday
Mischa Elman gave a concert at Queen's
Hall, and in Paganini's Concerto in d and
in two movements of Bach's Suite in
G minor proved once again that, though
young in years, he is already a great artist.
Dr. Joachim, though advanced in years,
is still, and rightly, regarded as the finest
leader of chamber music.
On Tuesday afternoon, at the Symphony
Concert at Queen's Hall, Herr Kreisler
performed the Tschaikowsky Concerto
with extraordinary boldness and entrain.
Mischa Elman recently, though not actu-
ally within the past week, played the same
work. Herr Kreisler's intellectual grasp
of the music is stronger, but as regards
technique and emotional power the lad
is already a formidable rival.
jittiGiral (Bossip.
At Dr. Edvard Grieg's orchestral concert
at Queen's Hall on May 17th the programme
will include Bjornson's ' Bergliot,' recitation
(Miss Tita Brand) with orchestral accom-
paniment, the Pianoforte Concerto (Miss
Johanne Stockmarr), the first ' Peer Gynt '
Suite, and three of the composer's finest
songs with orchestral accompaniment. At
his chamber concert on May 24th will be
performed the Sonata in A minor for 'cello
(Prof. Hugo Becker) and pianoforte, and the
Sonata in c minor (M. Johannes Wolff) for
violin and pianoforte. Madame Emma
Holmstrand will be the vocalist.
April 23rd was fixed for the first of the
series of historical recitals which M. Alex-
andre Guilmant gives every year on the
fine organ of the Salle des Fetes of the
Trocadero Palace. Composers of various
nationalities will, as usual, be represented
in the programmes, special attention being
paid to the works of Boely, Buxtehude, and
Frescobaldi. In a brief notice of the first
named in the new edition of Grove's ' Dic-
tionary,' his organ pieces are said to be
" remarkable for their depth of thought and
sincerity of intention." A correspondence
between Boely and Gossec on the subject
of Catel's treatise on harmony was published
by the former in 1806, but Fetis says that
" the book in the matter of style was un-
intelligible, and no one read it."
On Thursday, May 17th, La Soeiete des
Grandes Auditions Musicales do France, of
which Countess Greffuhle is president, will
give at the Palais du Trocadero the first
performance in Paris of Sir Edward Elgar's
' Dream of Gerontius ' (' Songe de Geron-
tius '). M. Chevillard will conduct tho
work.
E. Poldini's one-act opera ' Der Vagabund
und der Prinzessin ' was produced for tho
first time (at any rate in German) at Prague
on March 29th. The work, together with
Cornelius's ' Barber of Bagdad,' will be
given at Covent Garden on Tuesday week.
PBRFORMANCBS NKXT wkkk
Si \. Sum. lay Society Ooneert, :i .io. Qnaen'i Hall.
Sun. lay League Concert ". Queen * Hall.
Hot. Mi** Klw< Ri«m'« Bona Recital, 3 18, Aollan Rail.
— Joachim Committee Concert, 8. Rcchitein Hall.
Ti is, Hum Florence MonteiUi'a Vocal Recital, 3. Rechitein Mall.
— »lr. Jan Mnltler'a Concert s so, Ball* Eraid.
— llach Concert, ". .i^ilian Hall.
52 l
THE ATI! KNjEUM
N 1006. Am:il28, 1906
Tin •
„,..,.,
rinllimi rt, - Uurrti . Hill
lun llmrji \.-»llt..it»l. - «> llorluleln 11.11.
Vur.l. • 11.11 III ,"i"l" Mi.ll
Jjllr \| I . <u*l. :i V, II.. 1. »l.lll Mull
I..,, i,,, > I,. l. iii IU1I
I 111 .11
ii t Mall
- ir.l. n
Ho] .1 "i- i . i "" III i...r.l.-n
M .1 "■ 'it Ml" " Mi"
|„. II, I. >li Kjrml.lioli) hi. In -In. 1 i .'in. il. . V'... ii . ll»ll
n nt liml.-n
DRAMA
Srnmntic (Sossip.
It is boo early aa yet t<> judge oonoeming
tin- future of ' Tim Bund of Ninon,' the
oomedy oi Miaa do Qtavee with which Miss
Lena Ashwell lias opened the Savoy. The
experiment is in a sense commendable, and
the accompanying omens may be regarded
as propitious. Indulgence is as a rule to be
anticipated in the ease of a debut in manage-
ment by a popular actress, and also in the
effort to establish an ambitious form of
entertainment. Before, however, the at-
tempt to establish a class of Dumas comedy
can succeed, it is necessary to obtain a school
of acting which for a century has been want-
ing. Ninon de l'Enclos is a tempting
heroine, and her epoch, in the best days of
her long life, is picturesque and splendid.
In the piece in which she now appears she
is in the midst of what is most brilliant
in the Court of Louis XIV. Her ad-
ventures are but commonplace, however,
and her environment is without distinction.
Ninon is provided with a stuttering
lover, an innovation of doubtful ex-
pediency and value. Her flirtation with
him ends in her tranquil surrender of
him to a lover in his own world — an
incident which recalls the conduct of Peg
YVoffington in ' Masks and Faces.' Not
without talent is the whole, but as drama
it is inexpert and artificial.
The run of ' Nero ' has been suspended
at His Majesty's to permit of the Shak-
spearean performances which, during the
present as the previous season, constitute a
deeply interesting feature of Mr. Tree's
management. In the light of these the
rebuke that London does not possess a
theatre with a Shakspearean repertory
cannot be passed. On Monday Mr. Tree
appeared as Caliban in ' The Tempest,' on
Tuesday and Wednesday morning as Falstaff
in the first part of ' King Henry IV.,' and
on Wednesday evening as Malvolio in
' Twelfth Night.'
A performance by the Mermaid Society
on Monday afternoon of ' The Bezsemenovs '
of Maxim Corky attracted to Terry's Theatre
a small but appreciative world. As a picture
of Russian life among operatives the piece
is impressive, but as drama it is verbose and
ineffective as well as depressing.
'Raffles,' a four-act drama by Messrs.
E. W. Hornung and E. Presbrey, which has
enjoyed much success in the United States,
will in a few days bo produced at the Comedy,
Mr. Barrio's triple bill having been with-
drawn.
' The Silver Box ' is the title of a play
by Mr. John Galsworthy which has been
secured for the Court by the Vedrenne-
Barker management.
At the revival of ' Prunella ' at the Court
Theatre on Monday the serenade in the
second act was sung instead of being spoken,
and other alterations were perceptible.
' The Flower of France,' a play by
Mr. Justin Huntly McCarthy on the subject
of Joan of Arc, has been given for copyright
purposes at the Scala Theatre.
The Shak ipeare Commemoration at Strat-
ford-on-Avnii has secured ii very
tory attendance tins year, though the first
week began with the stock favourites,
' Much Ado alum! Nothing,' ' The Taming
■ ■I the Shrew,' 'Hamlet,' 'Julius C;isar,'
'Macbeth,' and 'As You Like It,' With
'The Rivals' as a Saturday night variety.
The tour (It force is expected during I h<- second
week, when the Knglish Historical Cycli
to be presented. In spite of the colder
weather, the proverbial nightingale sang on
the poet's birthday, and the town was in
gala. The decoration of the tomb in the
pariah church assumes greater proportions
year by yeur, and the luncheons and dinners
wire more than usually enthusiastic.
' For Life, and Aktkr,' an adaptation
by Mr. Ceorge K. Sims of his novel of tin-
same title, has been given at Heading.
M. Henry. Marcel", Administrates of the
Bibliotheque Nationale, has inaugurated at
the great French library an interesting exhibi-
tion in connexion with the tercentenary of
Pierre Corneille's birth. This exhibition is
disposed in three rooms, and is based on a
similar one arranged in 1884 to celebrate
the second centenary of the dramatist's
death. There are about forty engraved
portraits of Corneille, arrayed in the Print
Department ; whilst in the Galerie Mazarine
is exhibited a unique series of first and other
editions of his various works, as well as auto-
graph letters addressed by the poet to Pere
Boulard and to Colbert. In the Depart-
ment of Medals all the medals struck in
Corneille's honour during the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries are on view. The ex-
hibition is open to the public on Mondays
and Thursdays.
' The Spider and the Fly,' a four-act
drama by Messrs. Arthur Shirley and Sutton
Vane, has been successfully produced at the
Grand Theatre, Brighton.
' Arms and the Man,' the first of Mr.
G. B. Shaw's works to be acted in Scandi-
navia, had an enthusiastic reception last
Sunday at the Theatre Royal, Copenhagen.
Dr. Mantzius, the translator, played the part
of Bluntschli.
To Correspondents.— H. H. J.— A. C— J. M. C— K. M.
— Received.
W. de G. B.— Too late for this week.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
We cannot undertake to reply to inquiries concerning the
appearance of reviews of books.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
•
Paof.
Authors' Agents 49S
Belt. & Sons 524
Blackwood r>oo
Business for Disposal 498
Catalogues 498
Constable A Co 504
Early English Drama Society 502
ElU'CATIONAI 497
Exhibitions 497
Harper a Brothers 527
Hurst a Buckett 504
Hutchinson A Co ESS
Insurance Companies 526
Jarrolo & Sons 520
Laurie 527
Lectures 497
Longmans a Co. 500
Sampson Low, Marston A Co 520
Macmillan A Co 5M and 688
Magazines, Ac 499
Miscellaneous 498
Morton 626
Nash 49S1
Newspaper agents 49s
Notes and Qi ekiks 526
Obituary 497
Provident Institutions 497
SALES BY AUCTION MB
Situations vacant 497
situations Wanted 498
smith, Elder A Co 602
Societies 497
sonnenschein a co 503
stanford 626
type-writers 498
Ward, Lock A Co 501
THE YORK LIBRARY
A NEW SERIES OF REPRINTS ON
THIN PAPER.
Tin- volumes are printed in a handy by
4J in.), on tliin ml i paqne paper, and are simply
and attractively bound.
Price, in 'l"tii. El. net ; in leather, '■'>-. n
"These lymki- should find tln-ir way to
bone that owns any cultivation."
• and Queries.
The following Volumes are now ready : —
BURNEY'S EYELINA. Edited, with
an Introduction and Notes, by ANNIE HUM I 1.I.J-.
BURNEY'S CECILIA. Edited by Annie
uaim: BLUB. I rob
BURTON'S ANATOMY OF MELAN-
CHOLY. Edited by the Rev. A. B SHTLLETO M
with Introduction by A. H. Bl'LLEN. 3 voU.
CERYANTES' DON QUIXOTE.
MOTTEUX'S Translation, Revised. With LOCK'
HART'S Life and Note* iv
COLERIDGE'S AIDS TO REFLECTION,
and THK CONFESSIONS OF AX INQUIRING
SPIRIT.
COLERIDGE'S FRIEND A Series of
Essays on Morals, Politics, and Religion.
COLERIDGE'S TABLE TALK AND
OMXIANA. Arranged and Edited by T. ASHE, B \.
DRAPER'S HISTORY OF THE
INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPE.
2 vols.
EMERSON'S WORKS. A New Edition
in 5 vols., with the Text Edited and Collated by
GEORGE SAMPSON.
FIELDING'S TOM JONES. 2 vols.
GESTA R0MAN0RUM; or, Entertaining
Moral Stories invented hv the Hooka. Translated
from the Latin hv the "Rev. CHARLES SWAN.
Revised Edition, hy WYNNARD HOOFER. MA.
GOETHE'S FAUST. Translated by
ANNA SWANWICK. LL.T). Revised Edition. With
an Introduction and Bibliography by KARL BREUL,
Litt.D. Ph.D.
HAWTHORNE'S TRANSFORMATION
(The Marble Faiin).
JAMESON'S SHAKESPEARE'S
HEROINES. Characteristics of Women: Moral,
Poetical, and Historical.
LAMB'S ESSAYS. Including the
Essays of Elia, Last Essays of Elia, and Hiaaa.
MARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS.
THE THOUGHTS OF. Translated by GEORGE
LONG, MA. with an Essay on Marcus Amelias by
MATTHEW ARNOLD.
MONTAIGNE'S ESSAYS. Cotton's
Translation. Revised by W. c. HAZLITT. 3 vols.
MOTLEYS RISE OF THE DUTCH
REPUBLIC With s Biographical Introduction by
MONCURE D. CONWAY. 3 vols.
PASCAL'S THOUGHTS. Translated
from the Text of M. AUGUSTS MOLINIER bv t".
KF.GAN PAUL. Third Edition.
PLUTARCH'S LIYES. Translated, with
Notes and a Life, by AUBREY STEWART, M.A., and
GEORGE LONG, M.A. Vol. I.
SWIFTS GULLIYERS TRAYELS.
Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by G. R
DENNIS, with Facsimiles of the original Illustrations.
SWIFTS JOURNAL TO STELLA.
Edited, with Introduction and Notes, bv E. RYL VND.
MA.
ARTHUR YOUNGS TRAYELS IN
FRANCE DURING THE YEARS 1787, 1788, and
17-n. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by M.
BF.THAM EDWARDS.
London :
GEORGE BELL & SONS, Portugal Street,
Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N° 4096, April 28, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
525
MESSRS. HUTCHINSON & CO.'S NEW BOOKS
THIS DAY
BY THE WATERS OF CARTHAGE By Noma Lorimer, Author of ' By the Waters of Sicily '
In cloth gilt, 12s. net, with 32 page Illustrations and Coloured Frontispiece.
"A book written by a woman, and dealing with the Arabs and Orientals of Tunis, with just that instinctive sympathy and quickness of vision which
no man, however much of an Orientalist he may be, can hope to attain. An unique book. Such a book as this has a place by itself in the literature of its
subject. It is told with a great deal of fun and humour, and adds a charm to pages which have much besides to recommend them. The book is full of
acuteness and sense." — Tribune.
ANTOINETTE STERLING AND OTHER CELEBRITIES By M. S. MacKinlay, M.A.
"A charming account of the great contralto. Mr. Sterling MacKinlay has written his book in a light and interesting vein, and has so much to tell,
so many good stories to repeat, that it is sure of a large reading public." — Daily Chronicle.
" The volume, illustrated with some good portraits, is brightly written, and will doubtless find a wide circle of friends." — Standard.
FROM THE YALU TO PORT ARTHUR By Wm. Maxwell, the well-known War Correspondent
In demy 8vo, cloth gilt and gilt top, with 3 special Coloured Maps and 34 Illustrations from Photographs. 16s. net.
" Mr. Maxwell wields a practised pen, and his book should rank high. His account of the passage and battle of the Yalu, in particular, is one of the
most informing which we have met with. " — Globe.
A DEATHLESS STORY or "The Birkenhead" and its Heroes By A. C Addison and W. H.
MATTHEWS. In demy 8vo, cloth gilt, with 64 Illustrations on art paper and other Illustrations in the Text, 6s. net ; and with gilt top specially
bound in buckram, 10s. M. net. [Thursday next.
THIRD LARGE EDITION
THE RUSSIAN COURT IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY By Fitzgerald Molloy, Author
of * The Romance of Royalty,' ' The Sailor King,' &c. In 2 vols, demy 8vo, cloth gilt and gilt top. Illustrated with 2 Photogravure Frontispieces
and 24 full-page Plates on art payer, 24s. net.
" This is an astonishing book ; the result and the reward of immense labour, by which a human document has been produced. Mr. Molloy gives us
pictures altogether admirable." — World.
SECOND EDITION
TWENTY YEARS IN PARIS heing Some Recollections of a Literary Life By Robert H.
SHERARD. In cloth gilt, gilt top, illustrated with Portraits, &c, 16s. net.
" A book of the most varied, vivid, and delightful recollections." — Truth.
SECOND EDITION, MAKING 6,500 COPIES
11 The most remarkable travel book that has ever been published."— Graphic.
WITH FLASHLIGHT AND RIFLE in Equatorial East Africa. A Becord of Hunting Adventures
and Studies in Wild Life By C. G. SCHILLINGS. Translated by FREDERIC WHYTE. With an Introduction by Sir H. H. JOHNSTON,
G.C.M.G. K.C.B. Illustrated with 302 of the Author's "untouched" Photographs taken by day and night. Printed throughout on English
art paper in 2 handsome vols. , super-royal 8vo, 24s. net.
" An entrancing work. His photographs are positively wonderful ; his letterpress is vivid." — Standard.
THE TREE OF LIFE a Study of Religion By A. E. Crawley, Author of 'The Mystic Rose'
In cloth gilt, 12s. net.
"Mr. Crawley has given us one of the ablest expositions of the origin and significance of religion which we possess. Here we have a work which
cannot be dismissed with one reading ; it must be kept at hand for frequent consultation and perusal." — British Weekly.
NEW SIX-SHILLING NOVELS
RING IN THE NEW
THE GAMBLER
THE ONLY WORLD
THE SPANISH DOWRY
A MAN OF NO FAMILY
THE MAGIC ISLAND
QUEEN OF THE RUSHES
RICHARD WHITEINCJ
[This day.
Mrs. THURSTON
[35th Thousand.
G. B. BURG IN
L. DOUGALL
C. C. and E. M. MOTT
E. EVERETT-GREEN
ALLEN RAINE
[Thursday next.
A GIRL OF SPIRIT
THE WAY OF THE SPIRIT
CAPTAIN JOHN LISTER
THE ARTFUL MISS DILL
THE WOOD END
IN SUBJECTION
MADE IN HIS IMAGE
CHARLES GARVICE
[This day
RIDER HAGGARD
[2nd Edition.
J. A. HAMILTON
FRANKFORT MOORE
J. E. BUCKROSE
E. THORNEYCROFT FOWLER
[Immediately.
GUY THORNE
[Immediately.
London: HUTCHINSON & CO. 34, 35, 30, Paternoster Row.
526
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4096, April 28, 1906
GEO. A. MORTON'S
NEW PUBLICATIONS.
— ♦ —
IMMEDIATELY WILL BE PUBLISHED.
FUTURE LIFE IN THE LIGHT
OF MODERN SCIENCE AND ANCIENT
WISDOM By LOUIS ELBE. Authorized
English Translation. Large crown 8vo.
NOW READY AT ALL BOOKSELLERS'.
CrEORGE BUCHANAN: a Biography.
By Rev. D. MACMILLAN, M.A. D.D.,
Author of 'John Knox : a Biography.' With
Illustrations. Large crown 8vo, '3s. Qd. net.
SECOND EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED.
RAMBLES WITH A FISHING ROD.
By E. S. ROSCOE. With 8 Illustrations.
Large crown 8vo, 5s.
" Mr Roscoe's rambles are concerned with many different
waters in Germany, Switzerland, and France, and there is
very little literature which gives any information at all
about fishing in these countries. . ..Chatty, discursive, and
informing."— Field.
WITH 8 PAGE PLATES.
MY SCHOOLS AND SCH00L-
M \STERS ; or, the Story of my Education.
By HUGH MILLER, Author of ' The Old
Red Sandstone,' ' Footprints of the Creator,'
&c With an Introduction and Notes by
W. M. MACKENZIE, M.A. F.S.A.(Scot.).
Large crown 8vo, 3s. 6d.
POPULAR EDITION.
THE HOUSE WITH THE GREEN
SHUTTERS. By GEORGE DOUGLAS.
Crown 8vo, paper cover, Is. net; cloth boards,
2s. Qd.
Edinburgh: GEO. A. MORTON, 42, George Street.
r_ London: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL & CO., Ltd.
NOTES^ND^UERIEs!
GENERAL INDEXES.
THE FOLLOWING ARE STILL IN
STOCK.—
£ s. d.
GENERAL INDEX,
FOURTH SERIES .330
GENERAL INDEX,
SIXTH SERIES
0 6 0
GENERAL INDEX,
SEVENTH SERIES ..060
GENERAL INDEX,
EIGHTH SERIES ..060
For Copies by post an additional Three-
pence is charged.
JOHN C. FRANCIS & J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
Notes and Queries Office, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
JARROLD & SONS' NEW BOOKS.
A POPULAR SToltY OF THE yi'KENS HOMELAND.
THY PEOPLE SHALL BE
MY PEOPLE;
or, Karen Jurgens of Egtved.
Translated from the Original Danish of I-aura Kielcr.
By CLAKA BENEH. Attractively bound in cloth gilt, 6».
"A ]>opuliir novel in Denmark, depicting the everyday life of the
Danish people."— Timet,
"Beoorded in the most Interesting and convincing way. Beading
through it one acquires a wonderful amount of information aiwut the
country and people Such tales as these are too rarely met with.
Dundee Advertiser.
NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF 'INGRAM.'
BY LAW ETERNAL. A Novel.
ByGERALDINEKEMP, Author of 'Ingrain,"A Modern Merihah.'&c.
Crown 8vo. cloth elegant, 3s. 6d.
"The plot is good."— Daily Ttlevrajih. ,
"The theme with which the author deals is uncommon in fiction,
and is handled in an interesting way."— A btrdeeii J-Vee Pret*.
NEW AND CHEAPER EDITION.
THE JEST OF FATE.
By PAUL LAWRENCE DUNBAR, the Negro Poet,
Author of ' Fanatics,' &c.
Cloth elegant, with Photogravure Portrait of the Author. 3s. 6d.
" A lwwerful drama of American negro life." — Literary W orld.
" As a negro's view of the negro problem the l>ook should be widely
read.'-Scofsm*,, ^ cHEAp RE.ISSUE 0F
JARR0LD& "FAMOUS EUROPEAN NOVELISTS"
SERIES.
Crown 8vo, red cloth, with cameo Portrait on cover, and Photogravure
Frontispiece. :is. Ik/, each net.
VOLUMES I. AND II. NOW READY. CHEAP NINTH EDITION.
THE GREEN BOOK;
or, Freedom Under the Snow.
By Dr. MAURUS JOKAI. Author of ' Black Diamonds,'
' Midst the Wild Carpathians,' &c. Translated by Mrs. WAUGH.
"16 truly an astounding liook, dealing with the early years of the
present century, and with that world of inarticulate romance— the
Empire of all the Russias. All the superficial culture and essential
barbarism of the country are depicted in these i>ages."
Daily Teleyraph.
VOLUME II. CHEAP THIRD EDITION.
THE TONE KING.
A Romance of the Life of MOZART.
By HERIBERT RAU, Author of ' Beethoven,' &c.
Translated by J. E. ST. O.UENTIN RAE.
With specially Engraved Portrait of MOZART.
" Far more interesting than any novel."— Spectator.
"A lively story. Hozart was the wonder of the world, and the
narrative of his achievements, boy and man. deftly built up to com-
pleteness by Mr. Rau, is delightful reading throughout."
Daily Ttlegratih.
London :
JARROLD & SONS, 10 and 11, Warwick Lane, E.C.
EDWARD STANFORD'S LIST.
JUST PUBLISHED.
Fifth Edition, BeoUtd and Corrected throvghout.
A CENTURY OF
CONTINENTAL HISTORY
(1780-1880).
With a Supplement Descriptive of Events up
to the Year 1900.
By J. HOLLAND ROSE, Litt.D.,
Formerly Classical Scholar of Christ's College, Cambridge ;
* Author of 'The Life of Napoleon L,
' Napoleonic studies,' &c, &c.
This work is intended for the Upper Forms of Schools, m
well as for all who desire to have a clearer knowledge of
the course of events on the Continent. Three chapters have
been added describing in brief compass the chief events in
the history of France, Germany, and Russia in the last two
decades of the century.
494 pp., crown 8vo, cloth, price 6*.
Detailed Prospectus gratis on application.
STANFORD'S GEOLOGICAL
ATLAS OF GREAT BRITAIN.
With Plates of Characteristic Fossils.
Preceded by a Description of the Geological Struc-
ture of Great Britain and its Counties, and of the
Features Observable along the Principal Lines of
Railwa3T.
By HORACE B. WOODWARD, F.R.S. F.G.S.
Comprising 34 Coloured Maps and 16 Double-Page Plates of
]fc>ssils, 149 pages of Text, illustrated by 17 Sections
and Views.
Crown 8vo, cloth, price 12s. 6d. net.
" Crammed fuU of information of the best quality."
Geological Magazine.
Detailed Prospectus on application.
London: EDWARD STANFORD,
12, 13, and 14, Long Acre, W.C.
Geographer to His Majesty the King.
TENTH EDITION, price Two Shillings.
CELESTIAL MOTIONS
A Handy Book of Astronomy.
Tenth Edition. With 3 Plates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.,
Associate of King's College, London ; Lay Reader in the Diocese of Southwark,
Author of 'Remarkable Comets,' 'Remarkable Eclipses,' 'Astronomy for the Young,' &c.
" Well known as one of our best introductions to astronomy."— Guardian.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
COMFORT, Style, and Quality in best Hand-
made Footgear, to measure only. West-End work, 20 per cent.
below West-End tiri.es. Famed for Shooting Hoots. .Self-measurement
directions free; call preferred.-JUHN EVANS BOOT-FITTING CO.,
69, Great Gmeen Street, Kingsway, London, W.C. Established 1*16.
Insurance (ftompanus.
RATIONAL PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION
FOR
MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE.
Estab. 1835.
ASSURANCE AND INVESTMENT.
Write for Leaflet on
NET COST OF ENDOWMENT ASSURANCES.
48, GRACECHURCH STREET, LONDON, E.C.
ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS, SICKNESS,
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, BURGLARY, AND
FIDELITY GUARANTEE RISKS
INSURED AGAINST BY THE
"RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
Capital (fully subscrilwd.) fljjWW
64. CORNHILL LONDON.
Claims paid £5,000.000.
A. VIAN. Secretary.
For Acidity of the Stomach.
For Heartburn and Headache.
For Gout and Indigestion.
D
INNEFORD'S
M
A G N E S I A.
For Sour Eructations and Bilious Affections.
A Safe and most effective Aperient for
regular use.
N° 4096, April 28, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
)27
WERNER LAURIE'S LIST.
NEW WORK BY
"THE AMATEUR ANGLER."
NOW READY.
The size of the book is crown 8vo.
The binding is in cloth, gilt top.
The price is Ss. Qd. net.
It is printed on Chiswick Press specially pre-
pared Paper.
2T.B. — A few copies may be had in limp leather,
gilt edges, price os. net.
FISHING FOR
PLEASURE
AND
CATCHING IT.
Being an Account of various Holiday and other
Angling Excursions in 1903, 1904, and 1905,
described in Fourteen Chapters.
By E. MARSTON, F.R.G.S.
AND TWO CHAPTERS ON
SALMON AND TROUT FISHING IN
NORTH WALES.
By R. B. MARSTON.
" Complete content — the day has brought it —
He tished for pleasure — and he caught it."
Optimist.
BRIEF NOTES FROM PRESS APPRECIATIONS.
From the SPECTATOR— "It it does not hinder the
pleasure of 'The Amateur Angler' that he comes home
with basket light or even empty, still less does it hinder
the pleasure of his readers. .. .Readers who know how
pleasantly Mr. Marston can write need not have his new
volume any further commended."
Front the ATIIES.ElTM.—"\\e are pleased with the
geniality and love of the open air which shine throughout
the book .and recall the jolly wisdom of Old Izaak."
From the TIMES. — "Another of Mr. Marston's pleasant
little books."
From the TRIBlrXE.—"^lr. Marston has the rare gift
of being able to convey to the non-angling reader the charm
of the sport. . . .He writes unpretentiously and well."
From the MORNING POST. — "There is much humour
in the book.... The book is balm to those who know the
peace of the country, the healing there is in green fields,
the restfulnesa that is compelled by the murmur of the
stream."
From the IRISH TIMES.— "Will be read •with pleasure
by all who have angled, and indeed those who have never
handled a rod will find matter of interest, set forth in such
a readable manner."
From the DAILY C/IROXICLE.—"lleTe is Mr. Marston
describing May-fly days, not basketless, mind you, on
water that he first knew seventy years ago, and we wish
no prettier pages than those which picture his Hereford-
shire village then and now."
From the FIELD. — "It is a good title, for it contains a
confession of that faith which finds happiness in the
delights of the country. .. .that faith which is attested by
the pleasure which his charming books have given to so
many of his fellow-men. The new book, we doubt not, will
be received as heartily as any of its predecessors, for the
pen that wrote it has not lost its cunning."
From the COUNTY GENTLEMAN.— "Mr. Marston has
added to his list of eleven books a twelfth, which is full of
just the same cheerful, pleasant chronicling of Fishermen's
Holidays."
From the SCOTSMAN.—" His sketches are of the kind
that make the weary winter months endurable."
From the MORNING LEADER.— "Master of literary
charm of a high order. . . Mr. Marston conveys not a little
(of the angler's ecstasy) into these delightful pages."
From the LEEDS' MERCURY.—" In the legion of
angling writers none has caught more faithfully the true
Waltonian spirit than 'The Amateur Angler."'
From the BOOKSELLER,— "A most attractive book,
which we hope will not prove quite the hist of a most
delightful series."
From the GRA PI1IC-" His writing is alwaysdelightful."
From Pl'SCII.—" Mr. E. Marston is thenearest approach
the tventieth century provides to Izaak Walton. .. Ono
need not l>e a fisherman to take pleasure in the charming
vignettes of hillside, moorland, and streamlet to be found
on every page."
From the Ol'TLOOK.— " Very pleasant sketches by a
writer who has delighted many readers for a great number
of year.-."
One of the most interesting and
amusing Political Books of re-
cent years is R E M I N I S-
CENCES OF A COUNTRY
POLITICIAN, by JOHN A.
BRIDGES, J.P., 8s. 6d. net,
just ready.
The present seems a fitting time to remind the numerous
people who imagine that Political Parties are kept together
by Members of Parliament or the Right Honourables on
the two front benches, that much of the work is done by
men whose names seldom come before the public. Mr.
Bridges was an adherent of the Conservative Party in the
days before the ballot, and the book describes the effect
of the many changes that have occurred in the last fifty
years. The author was for many years Conservative Chair-
man of the Eastern Division of Worcestershire, which first
returned Mr. Austen Chamberlain to Parliament, and which
has recently reaffirmed its verdict by an enormous majority.
The book treats of the Liberal Unionist Alliance, of the
National Union of Conservative Associations— on which
the author sat for some years— of Church and State, County
Councils, and contains an interesting sidelight on Mr.
Chamberlain's early career when his views were other than
he now holds.
LIFE IN THE LAW.
Reminiscences of the Bench, Bar, and Circuit.
By GEORGE WITT, K.C.
(Bencher of Lincoln's Inn, formerly Senior Fellow
of King's College, Cambridge).
With Portrait. Crown 8vo, 6s. net.
Mr. Witt's tragic death in a London omnibus recently
is probably fresh in the memory of most people. He was
a general favourite, and this very pleasant and readable
volume of his reminiscences during the last forty years will
be welcomed by many. The work is full of personal
anecdotes of well-known legal luminaries.
THE MUSIC LOVER'S LIBRARY.-Vol. II.
STORIES FROM THE
OPERAS.
By GLADYS DAVIDSON.
Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth gilt,
3s. Qd. net.
A charming series of tales arranged from the Grand
Operas. Few people seem to know the actual stories con-
tained in the great music dramas of Wagner and others.
Most of them are very beautiful and interesting, and this
volume contains twenty of the more popular Tales, simply
written, and in accordance with the libretto.
Vol.1. CHATS ON VIOLINS. BvOicaRacstek.
NEW AND RECENT FICT!ON-6s.
R0WENA.
Agxes Giberne.
THURTELL'S CKIME.
Dick Donovan.
THE POISON DEALER.
Georges Ohnet.
THE MUMMY AND MISS
NITR0CIS. George Griffiths.
SIX WOMEN (10th Thousand.)
Victoria Cross.
I THE BEAUTY SHOP.
(Third Edition.) Daniel Woodroffe.
HARPER'S
FOR MAY NOW READY.
Henry James's Article,
NEW YORK REVISITED.
Margaret Deland's
Great Serial,
THE AWAKENING OF HELENA
RITCHIE. Illustrated.
Is the Human Race
Mortal ?
By Dr. C. W. SALEEBY.
Justus Miles Forman's
New Story,
THE VULTURE. Illustrated.
An Article by the late
Lewis Carroll,
HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED.
Alice Brown's New
Story,
THE ADVOCATE. Illustrated.
Mrs. Hubbard's Explora-
tions in Labrador.
Complete Stories, Articles, Poems, <kc,
illustrated by the work of prominent Artists.
A NEW BOOK BY THE AUTHOR OF
'THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS LADIES
OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE.'
A QUEEN OF QUEENS
AND
THE MAKING OF SPAIN.
By CHRISTOPHER HARE.
Profusely illustrated. Demy Svo, 10s. 6rf.
{Immediately.
A graphic picture of Spain in its grandeur under the
great Queen Isabella ; the book deals also with the period
of the Moorish dominion and the events which led up to
the union of the Provinces and the rise of Spain as a
Christian Power. This account of the land and the period
of romance and chivalry is fascinating a-s it is important.
THE SAGE BRUSH PARSON.
By A. B. WARD. 6s.
[.Voir ready.
A stirring romance of the Nevada camps, in which the
hero is a well-known preacher and author of some twenty
years ago. The part he plays in the rough life of the
district affords exciting reading.
NEW SPRING AND SUMMER LIST FREE ON APPLICATION.
WERNER LAURIE, Clifford's Inn, London.
THE PRINCESS 0LGA.
By ERVIN WARDMAN.
Crown 8vo, 6*. [Immediately.
A spirited story of a resourceful young engineer ami \
beautiful woman who takes part in a plot to thwart his
undertaking.
HARPER k BROTHERS,
45, Albemarle Street, London, YV.
w.s
THE athenjkum
N»4096, April 28, 1906
THE EVERSLEY SERIES.
(!lol>e 8vo, cloth, 48. not per Volume.
Matthew Arnold's Works.
POEMS. S
B88AYB IN CRITICISM First Set
KSSAYS IN CRITICISM. Second »
AMERICAN DISCOURSES.
LETTERS, 1848 1888. Coll,., l.-.l and Arranged liy (;. W. K. 1M 98KLL. Bvatft
A Memoir of Jane Austen. I5y her Nephew, J. E. Austen
i.kich To which is added LADY SI BAN, and Eragmenta of two other I'nftiii ihed
TslM bj Mi- AUSTEN.
The Eversley Bible. Arranged in Paragraphs, with an Introduc-
tion l.v.l. W. .MACK.UL. M.A. Ins vols.
Vol.11. DEUTERONOMY- 2 SAMUEL. Vol. HI. 1 KINGS-ESTHER.
Vol. IV. JOB SONG OF SOLOMON. Vol. V. ISAIAH-LAMENTA-
TIONS. Vol. VI. EZEKIEI. MALACHI. Vol VII. MATTHEW-
JOHN. Vol. \ HI. ACTS REVELATION.
.• Tin- Text la that of tiic Authorised Version.
Essays by George Brimley. Third Edition.
Calderon's Plays. By Edward Fitzgerald.
Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. Edited by A. W. Pollard. 2 vols.
Dean Churchs Miscellaneous Writings. Collected Edition-
9 vols.
MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS. I DANTE, and other Essays.
ST. ANSELM. BACON. I SPENSER.
THE OXFORD MOVEMENT. Twelve Years, 1833-1845.
THE BEGINNING OP THE MIDDLE AGES. (Included in this Series
by permission of Messrs. Longmans & Co.)
OCCASIONAL PAPERS. Selected from the Guardian, the Tinm, and the
Sattndatf Review, 1846-1890. 2 vols.
Life and Letters of Dean Church. Edited by his Daughter,
MARY Q CHURCH.
Lectures and Essays by the late W. K. Clifford, F.R.S.
Edited by the late Sir LESLIE STEPHEN and Sir FREDERICK POLLOCK.
Third Edition. In 2 vols.
Emerson's Collected Works. 6 vols. With Introduction by
JOHN MORLEY.
MISCELLANIES. I ESSAYS. | POEMS.
ENGLISH TRAITS AND REPRESENTATIVE MEN.
THE CONDUCT OF LIFE, and SOCIETY AND SOLITUDE.
LETTERS AND SOCIAL AIMS.
Letters of Edward Fitzgerald. Edited by "W. Aldis Wright.
2 vols. New Edition.
Letters of Edward Fitzgerald to Fanny Kemble, 1871-1883.
Edited by W. A. WRIGHT.
More Letters of Edward Fitzgerald. Edited by W. Aldis
WRIGHT.
Pausanias and other Greek Sketches. By J. G. Frazer, D.C.L.
Goethe's Maxims and Reflections. Translated, with Introduc-
tions, by T. BAILEY SAUNDERS.
*.* The Scientific and Artistic Maxims were Selected by Prof. Huxley and Lord
Leighton respectively.
Thomas Gray's Collected Works in Prose and Yerse. Edited
bv EDMUND GOSSE. 4 vols.
POEMS, JOURNALS, AND ESSAYS.
LETTERS. 2 vols.
NOTES ON ARISTOPHANES AND PLATO.
Green's History of the English People. 8 vols.
The Making of England. By J. R. Green, M.A. LL.D. With
Maps. In 2 vols.
The Conquest of England. By J. R. Green, M.A. LL.D. With
Maps. In 2 vols.
Oxford Studies. By John Richard Green. Edited by Mrs.
J. R. GREEN and Miss K. NORGATE.
Stray Studies from England and Italy. By John Richard
<;REEN.
Stray Studies. Second Series. By J. R. Green.
Historical Studies. By J. R. Green.
Guesses at Truth. By Two Brothers.
Earthwork out of Tuscany. Being Impressions and Translations
of MAURICE HEWLETT, Author of "Hie Forest Lovers.' Third Edition, Revised.
R. H. Hutton's Collected Essays.
LITERARY ESSAYS.
ESSAYS ON SOME OF THE MODERN GUIDES OF ENGLISH
THOUGHT IN MATTERS OF FAITH.
THEOLOGICAL ESSAYS.
CRITICISMS ON CONTEMPORARY THOUGHT AND THINKERS.
2 vols.
ASPECTS OF RELIGIOUS AND SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT. Edited by
his Niece, ELIZABETH M. ROSCOE.
BRIEF LITERARY CRITICISMS. Edited by his Niece, ELIZABETH M.
ROSCOE.
Poems of Thomas Hood. Edited, with Prefatory Memoir, by
tin lata Chaos aim.i.i: i„
Vol. I. SERIOUS POEMS. Vol. II POEMS OF WIT AND HUMOUR.
with Vajaattwaaal Portr
Thomas Henry Huxley s Collected Works.
METHOD AND RE8ULT8. DARWINLANA
SCIENCE AND EDUCATION.
SCIENCE AND HEBREW TRADITION.
SCIENCE AND CHRISTIAN TRADITION.
HUME. With Halpa to the study of Baafceii •>■.
MAN'S PLACE IN NATURE, and other Anthropological Essays.
DISCOURSES: BIOLOGICAL AND GEOLOGICAL.
EVOLUTION AND ETHICS, and other Essays.
LIFE AND LETTERS. lYota.
The Choice of Books, and
FREDERIC HARRISON.
French Poets and Novelists. By Henry James.
Partial Portraits. By Henry James.
Modern Greece. Two Lectures delivered before the Philosophical
Institution of Edinburgh, with Papers on "The Progress of Greece' and ' Bvron in
( I recce.' By Sir RICHARD C. JEBB, Litt.D. D.C.L. LL.D. Second Edition."
Letters of John Keats to his Family and Friends. Edited
by SIDNEY COLVIN.
Charles Kingsley's Novels and Poems.
WESTWARD HO ! 2 vols. YEAST. 1 voL
other Literary Pieces. By
ALTON LOCKE. 2 vols.
TWO YEARS AGO. 2 vols.
HYPATLA. 2 vols.
POEMS. 8 vols.
HEREWARD THE WAKE. 2 vols.
Charles Lamb's Collected Works. Edited, with Introduction
and Notes, by the late Rev. Canon AINGER, M.A. 6 vols.
THE ESSAYS OF ELIA.
POEMS, PLAYS. AND MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS.
MRS. LEICESTER'S SCHOOL, and other Writings.
TALES FROM SHAKESPEARE. By Chari.es and Marv Lamii.
THE LETTERS OF CHARLES LAMB. Newly arranged, with Additions
1904. 2 vols.
Life of Charles Lamb. By the late Canon Ainger, M.A.
Historical Essays. By the late J. B. Lightfoot, D.D. D.C.L.
LLD.
The Poetical Works of John Milton. Edited, with Memoir,
Introduction, and Notes, by DAVID MASSON, M.A. LLD. 3 vols.
John Morley's Collected Works. 11 vols.
VOLTAIRE. 1 toL | ROUSSEAU. 2 vols.
DIDEROT AND THE ENCYCLOPAEDISTS. 2 vols.
ON COMPROMISE. 1 vol. | BURKE. 1 vol.
OLIVER CROMWELL. 1 voL | MISCELLANIES. 3 vols.
STUDIES IN LITERATURE. 1 vol.
Science and a Future Life, and other Essays. By F. W. H.
MYERS, M.A.
Classical Essays. By F. W. H. Myers.
Modern Essays. By F. W. H. Myers.
Records of Tennyson, Ruskin, and Browning. By Anne
THACKERAY RITCHIE.
Works by Sir John R. Seeley, Litt.D. K.C.M.G.
THE EXPANSION OF ENGLAND. Two Courses of Lectures.
LECTURES AND ESSAYS.
ECCE HOMO. I NATURAL RELIGION.
INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE. Two Series of Lectures.
The Works of Shakespeare. With short Introduction and
Footnotes by Prof. C. H. HERl-'ORD. In 10 vols.
*»* The Plays may also be had in separate Volumes, cloth, 1*. each ; roan, gilt tops,
2s. each.
Works by James Smetham.
LETTERS. With an Introductory Memoir. Edited by Sarah SMKTHAM and
WILLIAM DAVIES. With a Portrait.
LITERARY WORKS. Edited by William Davies.
Life of Swift. By Sir Henry Craik, K.C.B. M.P. 2 vols. New
Edition.
Selections from the Writings of Thoreau.
Essays in the History of Religious Thought in the West.
By BROOKE l'oss whsivott, D.D. n.c.l... Lord Bishop of Durham.
The Works of Wordsworth. Edited by Professor Knight.
In 12 vols. Bach Volume contains a Portrait and Vignette Etched by H. MAKESBK
POETICAL WORKS. 8 vols. | PROSE WORKS. 2 voK
JOURNALS OF DOROTHY WORDSWORTH, i vols.
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd., London.
Editorial Communications should be nddlOWnil to "THE EDITOR "—Advertisements and Business Letters to "THE PUBLISH] 88" 'I tl.e Office, Dreams Buildings, Chancer; Line. EC.
Puhlished Weekly by JOHN 0. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS at Dream's Buildings, Gbanoarj Cans, E .('.. and Printed by .1. EDWARD FRANCIS. Atliena>um Press, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Line. E.C
Agents for Scotland, Messrs. BELL & BRADFUTE and Mr. JOHN MEN/.IES Ffflnhnrgfl OalUldaj, April SB, 1906.
1
THE ATHEN^UM
» -N.
%^ -J-\
%
o
louraal of (Bttjltslj ano foreign 1 iterator*, ^rirnce, tin- jrtni! Jlrts, JKnsit aftaj||i%jarama.
No. 4097.
SATURDAY, MAY 5, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
N
0 T I C E
0 F
REMOVAL.
EDW G ALLEN A SONS LIBRARY AGENCY, on and after
MAY 9 will be REMOVED from 28, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden,
to KING EDWARD MANSIONS. 2m, SHAFTESBURY AVENUE,
where all communications after that date should be addressed.
EDW. G. ALLEN &. SON, Ltd.
^octettes.
ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.— The
ANNIVERSARY MEETING of the SOCIETY, for the
Election of President and Council. &c, will be held in the
THEATRE. Burlington Gardens, on MONDAY, May 21st, at 3 P.M.,
the President in the Chair.
The ANNUAL DINNER of the SOCIETY will be held in the
evening of the Anniversary Meeting, at the HOTEL METROPOLE,
Whitehall Rooms, Whitehall Place, at 7 p.m. for 7.30. Dinner charge
1/. Is. Friends of Fellows are admissible to the Dinner.
Applications for Tickets should be made to the CHIEF CLERK,
], Savile Row, Burlington Gardens, not later than THURSDAY,
May 17th.
LEONARD DARWIN 1 Hon.
J. F. HUGHES /Secretaries.
1, Savile Row, Burlington Gardens, W.
ROYAL LITERARY FUND.
(For the Assistance of Authors and their Families.)
His Excellency, the Hon. WHITELAW REID, American Ambassador,
Will take the Chair at the ANNIVERSARY DINNER,
At the WHITEHALL ROOMS, HOTEL METROPOLE,
On THURSDAY, May 10, at 7 for 7.30 p.m. precisely.
Donations will he gratefully acknowledged on behalf of the
Committee by the Secretary. A. LLEWELYN ROBERTS.
40, Denison House, 298, Vauxhall Bridge Road, S.W.
ARTISTS' GENERAL BENEVOLENT
INSTITUTION,
For the Relief of Distresed Artists, their Widows and Orphans.
President-Sir EDWARD J. POYNTER, Bart., P.R.A.
The ANNIVERSARY DINNER will take place at the WHITE-
HALL ROOMS, HOTEL METROPOLE, on SATURDAY, MAY 12,
at 7. IS o'clock.
The LORD CLAUD J. HAMILTON in the Chair.
Dinner Tickets, including Wines, One Guinea.
Donations will be received and thankfullv acknowledged by
SIR ASTON WEBB, R.A.. Treasurer.
ARTHUR S. COPE. A.R.A., Hon. Sec
DOUGLAS G. H. GORDON, Secretary.
41, Jermyn Street, S.W.
Wtttmtz.
ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN,
ALBEMARLE STREET, PICCADILLY. W.
TUESDAY NEXT. May 8, at 5 o'clock. Prof. WILLIAM
STIRLING. M.D. LL.D. D.Sc, FIRST of THREE LECTURES on
'GLANDS AND THEIR PRODUCTS.- Haifa-Guinea the Course.
THURSDAY, May 10, at 5 o'clock, the Rev. J. P. MAHAFFY,
C.T.O. D.D. D.C.L.. FIRST of TWO LECTURES: 111 'THE
EXPANSION OF OLD GREEK LITERATURE BY RECENT
DISCOVERIES'; (21 'THE INFLUENCE OF PTOLEMAIC
EGYPT ON GR.ECO-ROMAN CIVILIZATION.' Haifa-Guinea.
QIR FREDERICK BRIDGE'S GRESHAM
O COLLEGE LECTURES will he delivered on MAY 8 I' THE
FIRST ORATORIO |, MAY '.) I'THE GRESHAM LECTURES OF
R. .1. S. STEVENS. lsOl-PUS'l, MAY 10 CMU/.IO CLEMENTI'l.
MAY 11 CANTON STEPANOVITCH ARENSKY) ; the last Three in
the City of London School, at 6 p.m.
(Exhibitions.
N
E W DUDLEY GALLERY,
169, PICCADILL Y.
Exhibition of
NEW EFFECTS IN POTTERY,
From the
ROYAL DOULTON POTTERIES,
MAY 5 to MAY :tn.
Tii kets on application to the MANAGER, New Dudley Gallery ; or
to DOULTON 4 CO., Lti»., Lambeth, S.E.
PAINTINGS l.y REPRESENTATIVE
SCOTTISH ARTISTS of today, and WATER COLOURS by
0. WYNNE APPEltLEY and Mr. and Mrs. WALTER ST. JOHN
MILDMAY NOW OPEN, the BAILLIE GALLERY, 64, Baker
Street. W., 10 to 8.
OLD BRITISH SCHOOL.— SHEPHERD'S
SPRING EXHIBITION includes choice Landscapes and Por-
trait* bv the Masters of the Old British School of Painting.
SHEPHERD S GALLERY. 27. King Street, St. James's Square.
u
(Educational.
NIVERSITY OF DURHAM.
An EXAMINATION for ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS in
.NEOLOGY will be held in JUNE, commencing
WEDNESDAY, 20th, :.t '.< < m Intending Candidates should apply to
Mil; MASTER "i I NIVERSITY COLLEGE;
THE PRINCIPAL OF BISHOP HATFIELD'S HALL; or
THE i EN80R ok UNATTACHED STUDENTS,
I l UB8ICAL SCHOLARSHIPS are OPEN TO WOMEN Intending
Candidates should apply to THE PRINCIPAL OF THE WOMEN'S
JloSTEL, Palace Gen. Durham.
pIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION. — FORTH-
\J COMING EXAMINATION.— SECOND CLASS ASSISTANT
ACCOUNTANTS in the ARMY ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT, and
EXAMINERS in the EXCHEQUER and AUDIT DEPARTMENT
(18-20). MAY24. The date specified is the latest at which applications
can be received. They must be made on forms, to be obtained, with
particulars, from the SECRETARY', Civil Service Commission, Bur-
lington Gardens, London, W.
u
NIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER,
GARTSIDE SCHOLARSHIPS OF COMMERCE AND
INDUSTRIES.
Candidates must be of British nationality, and over the age of
Eighteen and under the age of Twenty-three at the date of Election.
The Scholarships, Three of which may be awarded in JUNE, will be
tenable for Two Years, and of the value of 80!. the First Year (which
must be spent at the Universityl. and from 150?. to 250?. the Second
Year (which must lie spent in the study of Subjects bearing on
Commerce in the United States, Germany, or other country or
countries approved by the Electors). Candidates must send in their
applications, together with Testimonials of good character and record
of previous training, on or before JUNE 1, to the REGISTRAR, from
whom further particulars can be obtained.
MISS DREWRY'S EVENING MEETINGS
for the STUDY of BROWNING'S POEMS will BEGIN on
WEDNESDAY', May Hi. at 7.4S p.m. Miss Drewry gives Lectures,
Readings, and Lessons in English Language and Literature and
kindred subjects. Examines. Reads with Private Pupils, and helps
Students by Letter and in her Reading Society.— 143, King Henry's
Road, London, N.W.
pHURCH EDUCATION CORPORATION.
CHERWELL HALL, OXFORD.
Training College for Women Secondary Teachers. Principal, Miss
CATHERINE I. DODD, M.A., late Lecturer in Education at the
University of Manchester.
Students are prepared for the Oxford Teacher's Diploma, the
Cambridge Teacher's Certificate, the Teacher's Diploma of the
University of London, and the Higher Froebel Certificate.
Full particulars on application.
J EDUCATION,
-i Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are invited to call upon or send fullv detailed particulars to
MESS US. GABBITA-S, THRLNG 4 CO.,
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. THR1NG, Nephew of the
late Head Master of Uppingham. 3(i. Sackvillc Street, London, W.
^ituati0ns Vacant
T TNIVERSIT Y COLLEGE OF NORTH WALES.
\J (A Constituent College of the University of Wales.)
Applications are invited for the CHAIR OF EDUCATION, now
vacant in this College. The Council will elect on JUNE 20. Forty
copies of the Application and Testimonials should be in the hands of
the undersigned not later than THURSDAY', May 31. The Professor
will be expected to enter on his duties at the beginning of next
Session.— For further particulars apply to
JOHN EDWARD LLOYD, M. A., Secretary and Registrar.
Bangor, April 25, 1906.
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOUTH WALES
AND MONMOUTHSHIRE, CARDIFF.
The COUNCIL of the COLLEGE invites applications for the i>ost of
LECTURER in POLITICAL and COMMERCIAL SCIENCE, at a
Salary of 2001.
Applications, with Testimonials, should be sent on or before
THURSDAY, May 31, luoii, to the undersigned, from whom furthor
particulars may be obtained.
J. AUSTIN JENKINS, B.A., Registrar.
University College, Cardiff,
April 21, 190ft.
TTNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOUTH WALES
^ AND MONMOUTHSHIRE. CARDIFF.
The COUNCIL of the COLLEGE invites applications for the post
of ASSISTANT LECTURER in WELSH.
Further particulars may be obtained from the undersigned, to whom
applications, with Testimonials (which need not be printed), must be
seut on or before FRIDAY, May 28, 1006,
J. AUSTIN JENKINS, B.A., Registrar.
University College, Cardiff.
April 21, 1908.
TTNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON.
vJ (University of London.)
JODBELL PROFESSORSHIP OP /.oology AND
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY,
The COUNCIL will shortly proceed to till the vacancy in the
JODRELI, CHAIR of ZOOLOGY and COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
caused by (lie appointment of Prof. E. A. Mlnchin to the new chair of
Pioto Zoology in the University of London.
Applications, accompanied by su< b Testimonials and other evidence
of fitness for the post as Candidates may wish to submit, should reacta
tin Secretary (from whom further particulars may be obtained) not
later than SATURDAY. June 9, 1806
WALTER w. BETON, Secretary.
AN ASSISTANT TUTOR for tin- BRISTOL
DAY TRAINING COLLEGE POR MEN will be REQUIRED
in SEPTEMBER NEXT. Salary 14"'. pei annum, non-resident
Main subjects required, Geography and Natuial History. Graduate
preferred.- Applications, togethei with thirty copies of not more
than four recent Testimonials, t.. be sent to THE REGISTRAR,
University College, Bristol, before MAY 24.
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
/GLOUCESTER.
— CRYPT
SCHOOL.
GRAMMAR
HEAD MASTER REQUIRED in SEPTEMBER NEXT.
He must be a Graduate of some University in the United Kingdom
or Rritish Possessions.
He need not be in Holy Orders. He may not undertake any other
office or employment.
The School will be conducted under the Regulations for Secondary
Schools.
Salary 300?. per annum and a Capitation Fee of 2?. per Pupil.
Number of Pupils at present on register 132.
Applications, stating age, &c. and accompanied by Printed Copies of
Testimonials, must be sent under cover, sealed up, and marked
"Head Master, Crypt Grammar School." to, and received not later
than MAY lit, 1900, by, A. RALLINGER, Clerk to the Governors.
Technical School, Gloucester.
p LOUCESTER.
SIR THOMAS
SCHOOL.
RICH'S
HEAD MASTER REQUIRED in SEPTEMBER NEXT.
He must be a Graduate of some University in the United Kingdom
or British Possessions.
He need not be in Holy Orders. He may not undertake any other
office or employment.
The School will be conducted under the Regulations for Secondary
Schools, and is intended for Boys not exceeding 17 years of age.
Salary '200?. per annum and a Capitation Fee of 10s. per Pupil.
Number of Pupils at present on reg ster 277.
Applications, statins age, dec., and accomitanied by Printed Copies
of Testimonials, must be sent under cover, sealed up, and marked
"Head Master, Sir Thomas Rich's School." to, and received not later
than MAY 19, 1900. by, A. BALLINGER, Clerk to the Governors.
Technical School, Gloucester.
K
ENT EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
TUNBRIDGE WELLS HIGHER EDUCATION SUB-COMMITTEE.
COUNTY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, TUNBRIDGE WELLS.
WANTED, in SEPTEMBER NEXT, an ASSISTANT MISTRESS
at the alwve-named School to teach French throughout the School,
and also some Geography and other Form subjects.
Initial Salary 1051. to 110?. per annum, according to qualifications
and experience, rising, in accordance with the Committee s Scale, by
annual increments of 7?. 10s., for the first two years, then of SL, to a
maximum of 140?. or 150?. (according to academic qualifications!.
Application Forms will lie supplied by Mr. H. W. COOK. Technical
Institute, Tunbridge Wells, to whom they must be returned.
By Order of the Committee.
FRAS. W. CROOK, Secretary.
44, Bedford Row, London, W.C., April 18, 1906.
T? AST HAM PUPIL - TEACHER CENTRE.
WANTED, an ASSISTANT MISTRESS for the above CENTRE.
Applicants must possess a Degree in Arts or its equivalent, and should
be specially qualified to teach Latin and History. Preference will be
given to applicants with successful Secondary School experience.
Commencing Salary 120?., rising by 5?. yearly to 140?.— Applications,
written on the printed Forms, to be obtained from the undersigned,
must be sent in on or before THURSDAY, May 17, to
W. II. BARKER, B.Sc,
Technical College, East Ham, E.
PITY OF COVENTRY EDUCATION
\J COMMITTEE.
MUNICIPAL SCHOOL OF ART.
The COMMITTEE invite applications for the post of HEAD
MASTER of the COVENTRY MUNICIPAL SCHOOL OF ART.
The Salary offered is .'too?, per annum, a portion of which is for work
in connexion with a Non-Municipal Secondary School.
The Gentleman appointed must have had a good artistic training.
be experienced in the work of a Bchoo] of Art, and lie prepared to
assume the duties of his office not later than AUGUST 1, 1900.
Particulars of the duties and conditions of appointment may be
obtained from the undersigned, to whom Applications, on the special
Forms provided for the purpose, must be returned not later than
SATURDAY', May 26, lflflfi. Canvassing, directly or indirectly, will he
considered a disqualification. FREDK. HORNER. Secretary.
Education Offices, Coventry.
/BOUNTY
BOROUGH OF
POOL.
WEST HARTLE-
SECONDARY DAY SCHOOL.
WANTED for the above School an assistant MASTER to take
Mathematics, Latin, French loral), and general English Sub
Graduate preferred. Salary, 140?. per annum.
ASSISTANT MISTRESS.
Also an ASSISTANT MISTRESS to take Botany. Hygiene, and
General Class Work, preference given to one of good academic
standing. Salary. 12»?. per annum.
Duties to commence in SEPTEMBER.
Applications, stating age, experience, and qualifications, with three
recent Testimonials, to be sent to me before 1st June,
J.G.TAYLOR, Secretary.
Town Clerk's Offices. West Haitlcissd.
PUBLISHING. — REQUIRED by a FIRM of
X PUBLISHERS, a thoroughly experienced BUSINESS
MANAGER capable of taking sole charge if necessary. Preference
given to one willing to make Investment Reply by letter only, giving
full particulars [strictly in confidence], to PUBLISHER, can ol
Moult on A. Dean. ':7, Chancery Lane. W.C
^itunttons $9tsnie&,
0 PUBLISHERS and EDITORS.— EMPLOY.
VENT WANTED in any Literary or Journalistic rapacity,
M8S. read and prepared i"i Press, Editing, Compiling, indexing,
Researches al the British Museum, &c. Foreign Languages
knowledge of Continental Affairs and Literature. —ERNEST A.
Vl/ETELLY. 4A, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Line, \\ I
T
530
THE ATHENAEUM
N° 4097, May 5, 1906
CULTURED N OUNG I. ADV. knowing English.
cncta .l.-ii.- HALF DAYS KNti »il
Lady has exporter, rk ; would also do Translations
for Lilciun or other |Hirpo«e«. would t. ■•■ 1> Uenuan mid Elciiicntar)
i !, or would assist by the Study <>f Urroian Scientific works. .\ .
\ Molton Street, v< .
SECRETARY. LAD? QB \!>i' LTE,
exneri. thand Typist, desire* RE-ENGAGEMENT
l Breams Building*. Chancery Lane, E.C.
L\DV, with several years' experience in Publish-
i,,.- . rt., . . desires poet ai PRIVATE SECRETARY. or any
if) pe- Writing. Correspondence, Account*, Proof
Sul> E.lttnir. Highest reference*.— F. W., Box mi,
Athenwum I un'i Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
AN active YOUNG MAX (23) requires
BTTDATION aa I'l RLIMIKR'S or BOOKSELLERS ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply good reference*.— T., Box 1070, Athenanun Proa*,
M. - Building*, < bancery Lane, K G
\^ FINK-ART DEALER'8 ASSISTANT.
x\. Experienced. Highest references. Eight yean with the late
Rudolph Ackermann.— Reply J. W., Hope Villi, Chajmock Road,
Clapton.
TRANSLATK >N, Revision, Research, Reviewing.
'Indexing. Enayriopaedic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Ron-Resident Secretaryship, Classic*. French, German, Italian.
Spanish, Anglo-Saxon. Special subject*: Mythology and Literature,
Moderate terms.— M is-.SF.LRY. 53, Talbot Road, W.
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials.— A. B., Box lo..-'. Athemeum Pre-.-, IS, Bream'* Build-
ings, Chancer} Lane. E.C.
jKtsrdlanrans.
MSS.— MESSRS. T. C. & E. C. JACK,
U Henrietta Strut. Covent Garden, London, invite
WRITERS to send them MSS. of ORIGINAL STORIES a) for
Bon of l" u. addressed to Mr. JOHN LANG, Boy*" Editor; 12) For
Girls of 10-U addressed to Mr*. JOHN TANG. Girl*' Editor ; SI For
Children of MO, addressed to Mrs. LOUEY CHISHOLM, Children*
Editor ■ extent 4" 000 toSO.0/10 words, All MSS. Iwhich should he sent
in any time before SEPTEMBER SO— Type-written preferred) will be
acknowledged, and returned it not suitable.
TO WRITERS OF FICTION.— NUMEROUS
OPENINGS present them elves ins well-krown PUBLISHING
FIRM for ORIGINAL and STRONG DRAMATIC LOVE STORIES,
with a Bound moial tone. Thev must be of n.uoo. ls.ono. and
wo ■'.-. and thoroughly gool Writer* will he will reminerated tor
their work.— MSP. and inquiries should be addreseed to " Sigma,'' care
of JOHN H. LILE. Advertising Agent. 4. Ludgate Circus, E.G.
SPLENDID CHANCE FOR INVESTMENT.—
PUBLISHING. 10.00(1., with Occup: tior, (Vntio! of Financial
Department.— Address PUBLISHER, care of F. P. Baxter. Es.;.,
F.C.I.S.. Mansion House Chambers, 13, Sise Lane, E.C.
FRENCH LADY", 35, desires to enter an
ENGLISH FAMILY au pair, May to September. Highest
references— Address Mile. PINEAL', 13, Rue St. Joseph. Angers,
Maine et Loire.
HUGUENOT and FRENCH - CANADIAN
PEDIGREES in ENGLAND, and prior to Emigration from
France. lO.noo Pedigrees, mostly MS. Unpublished and Private
Sources.— C. LART, Charmouth, Dorset ; and London.
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK and INDEXING.— Apply Miss PETHERBRIDGE (Nat.
Sci. Tripos), BSa, Conduit Street. Bond Street, London, W.
ARTISTIC BOOKBINDING. — Miss
x\_ WINIFRED STOPES. II, Gavton Road, Hempstead, BINDS,
HALF-BINDS, or REPAIRS BOOKS. Pupils received. Terms on
application. Bindery' oi>en to Visitors 10 to 5, Saturdays excepted.
W]j$t-WLviUTS.
TYPE-WRITING.— MSS., SCIENTIFIC, and
of all Descriptions, COPIED. Special attention to work
requiring care. Dictation Rooms [Shorthand or Type-Writing).
Usual terms.— Misses E. B. and I. FARRAN, Donington House, 30,
Norfolk Street. Strand, London.
TYPEWRITING undertaken by highly educated
Women [Classical Trii*is; Cambridge Higher Loral; Modern
Languages), Research, Revision, Translation. Dictation Room.—
TDK CAMBRIDGE TYPEWRITING AGENCY, 10, Duke Street,
Idelphi, W.c.
TYPE- WRITING, 9d. per 1,000 words. All
kind* of MSS.. .STORIES, PLAYS. 4c. accurately TYPED.
Carbons Stf. i»r 1,000, Best references.— M. KING 7, Corona Villas,
Pinner Road, Harrow.
AUTHORS' MSS., NOVELS, S TORIES, PLAYS,
ESSAYS TYPEWRITTEN with complete accuracy W. per
1,000 words. Clear Carbon Copies guaranteed. Reference* to well-
known Writers.— M. STUART, Thirlbank, Roxborough Road. Harrow
TYPEWRITING.— The WEST KENSINGTON
OFFICES. Authors' MSS,. Translations, fee. Legal and General
Copying. Circulars, 4e.. duplicated. Usual Terms. References,
Established thirteen years.— sikf.s k SIXES. 229. Hammersmith
Road, W. iPrivate Address: 13, Wolverton Gardens, Hammersmith. I
TYPE-WRITING.— AUTHORS' MSS. of all
kinds canfuily TYPED. 1W. imt l.noo words, after lO.ooo.
Knowledge of French, Qerman, and Italian. — A. U. BOWMAN.
71, Limes Avenue. New Southgatc, N.
AUTHORS' MSS., 9d. per 1,000 words.
SERMONS. PLAYS. ENVELOPES, and all kinds oarefally
TYPED.it home fRemlngton), Good paper. Orders promptly exe-
cuted.— M. L. L., 7, Vernon Road ; now known as 13, Edgeley Road.
C'lapham, S.W.
JVntljors' Agents.
Tin: AUTHOR'S AGENCY. E I .' Liahed 187ft
The interest* of Author* oapahly represei i.t ^ f..r
Publishing arranged. MSS ulaa IwithPubl uisundTesli-
•iioniaN on appUcation to Ml \ U l.i i:.. ii i - . i j ternosterRow
\ CTHORS, Published and Unpublished, in need
^ t of GUIDANCE and ASSISTANCE, should write foi uarl -
to .'Hi: AUTHORS ADVISORY BUREAU, conducted •
GORDON KICHARD8, for many rear* Literary Reader and for
time Fiction Editoi ..i the Messrs. Hannsworth, assisted 'by
til WILKINSON 8HKKKEK. Member of the Bocietj ol Author*.
Fiction a speciality.— Address 90, Buckingham Street, West Strau.l,
London, w ,1
NORTHERN NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE,
KENDAL, KM. LAND.
Supplies Editor* withal] kind- of Literary Matter, and is open to hear
from Authors concerning Manuscripts.
XTEWSPAPER PROPERTIES
-L> BOUGHT, SOLD, VALUED. AND SUPPLIED WITH
EVERT REQUISITE.
The Landon Agency of an additional limited number of Provincial
and Colonial Newspapers can be undertaken.
Fnil particular* from
THE IMPERIAL NEW3 AGENCY,
2 and 4, Tudor Street, Loudon, E.C.
(f-alalogitts.
B
OOKS.
All OUT-OF-PRINT and RARE
BOOKS on any subject SUPPLIED. The most expert Boi kfituler
extant. Please state wants and ask for CATALOGUE. 1 make a special
feature of exchanging any Saleable Books for others selected from my
various Lists. Special List of '2. "00 Books I particularly want post free.
— EDW. BAKER'S Great Bookshop, 14-16, John Bright Street, Birming-
ham. Oscar Wilde's Foeuis, •>;«., for 6s. 6d. (only 280 issued1.
A NCTENT and MODERN COINS.— Collectors
-£a_ and Antiquarians ate invited to apply to SPINK & SON,
Limited, for Specimen Copy (gratis) of their NUMISMATIC CIRCU-
LAR. The finest Greek, Roman, and English Coins on View and for
Sale at Moderate Prices— SPJN'K & Son. Limited, Experts, Valuers,
and Cataloguers. 16, 17. and IS. Piccadilly, Loudon, W. Established
upwards of a Century.
BOOKS! BOOKS! BOOKS!
GREAT VARIETY. LOW PRII ES,
PUBLISHERS' REMAINDER STOCKS.
Comprising all kinds of Literature.
ALL BOORS IN NEW CONDITION AS WHEN PUBLISHED.
FREQUENT CATALOGUES. Write or call.
WILLIAM GLAISHER.
Remainder an I Discount Bookseller, 26% High Holborn, London.
THE INTERNATIONAL BOOK CIRCULAR,
No. 141. containing a Special Article, entitled 'MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY and MATTER.' by Prof. ALFRED W.
PORTER. Specimen Copies gratis.— WILLIAMS & NORGATE,
Book Importers, 14, Honriettu Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
READERS and COLLECTORS will find it to
their advantage to write for 3. BALDWIN'S MONTHLY
CATALOGUE of SECOND-HAND BOOKS, sent post free on applica-
tion. Books in all Branches of Literature. Genuine bargains in
Scarce Items and First Editions. Books sent on approval if desired.—
Address 14. Osborne Road, Leyton, Essex.
HH. PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street, Leicester,
. issues CATALOGUES of MSS. and RARE BOOKS post free
to Book Collectors. No. 16 contains Books relating to Ireland-
Si xteecth and Seventeenth Century Literature— Collection of Broad-
side Ballads, &c.
T
0 BOOKBUYERS.— The BOOKBUYER AND
READER for MAY. containing Supplementary Lists of
valuable Second-Hand Works and New Remainders, at prices greatly
reduced, is now ready, post free n|>on application to W. H. SMITH k
SON, Library Department, 188, Strand, London, W.C.
BERTRAM D O B E L L,
SECOND-HAND BOOKSELLER, and PUBLISHER,
77. Charing Cross Road. London, W.C.
A large Stock of old and Rare Books in English Literature,
including Poetry and the Drama — Shakespeariana— Pint Editions of
Kan, ons Authors— Manuscripts— Illustrated Books, Ac. CATALOGUES
fre: on appUcation.
LEIGHTON'S
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of EARLY"
JL PRINTED and other INTERESTING BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS,
and BINDINGS.
OFFERED FOR SALE BY
J. & J. LEIGHTON, 40, lsrewer Street, Golden Square, W.
Thick 3vo, 1,7:S8 pp.. 6,200 items, with upwards of 1,350 Reproductions
in Facsimile.
Bound in art cloth, gilt to]*, 2Ss. ; half -morocco, gilt tops, 30s.
TO PUBLISHERS AND OTHERS.— TO BE
LET. in the heart of the Citv. and within a few yards of
Lnilmit.. Hill, a large SHOP, BASEMENT, and FIRST and SECOND
IRoNT FLOORS of a newlyerected handsome Building, admirably
suited for Bookselling, Publishing, or similar Business.— For further
particulars apply to the SECRETARY, .Wand 80, Old Bailey. E.C.
J^alrs by Junction.
THE TRUMAN COLLECTION.
The CoUeeUon nf the Work* o/Gtorgt CrvHcthani.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No, 13, Wellington
Street. Strand, W.C, on MONDAY. May 7. and Fire Following Dai-.
at 1 o'clock precisely, the COLLECTION „f the WORKS of GKORGK
(fltUIKSHANK. the Property of the late EDWIN TRUMAN, Esq.,
MR. IS. The Home Field. Putney Hill. S.W,
May lie viewed. Catalogue*, price 1*. each, may be had.
Tht < ' ' En f the
-■ /:. MACKERBLL, K-i.
\\ E8SR8. BOTHEBY, WILKINSON >v HODGE
jS\ aril) BELL AUCTION, at Iheii Doom Ko. 13. Wellington
MONDAY, M f'..ll, Miii^ I)
l o'clock precisely the COLLECTION ..f ENGLISH COINS, tho
Property of the late C. E G. MACKERBLL, Esq., F.R.N.S. Isold by
order of the Execute
May be riewed two .lavs prior, niustrated Catalogue* may be bad.
Valuable Engraving*.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will sell by AUCTION, at tleir II No u, Wellington
Sti.-.t. Strand, W.c. on MONDAY, May 14, at 1 o'clock pi.
valuable ENGRAVINGS, Including Mezzotint I
Joshua Reynold*, and Others— Line Emiiavinga by and
Ron, n. -v. .1. M. W. Turner, W I Wille. Greuxe. Van l>\ck,
Boi ■ her, tc . In. 1 a.iii. • a Port ..n of the COLLEI TION of the i
Hon the BARL of LOVELACE, and s small COL]
ENGRAVINGS, tl of a GENTLEMAN liring r
Country, including Brilliant Impressions, in ('..lours, of L<>ui-a
Mildmay— The Countess of Harrington and Children— Miss
phila Gwatkln— Master I..n.-t r Stanhope— Mrs. Fitxherbert—
Delia in the Country— end ■ fine Set of The Cries of London
Wheatley.
May \k \ tewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
The importii,it Series "f Ho mnn llr",>ze Coins, the Property
o/thelaUC. E. MACEEXELL, Etq.
MESSRS BOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. 13. Wellington
Street. Strand, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, Msj 16. and Two Following
Days, at l o'clock precisely, the important SERIES oi ROMAN
BRONZE coins, and a few GREEK SILVER COINS, colled
the late C E. MACKEREL!,. Esq., F.R.N.8. Isold by order -
Executors).
May be riewed two .'.ays prior. Illustrated Catalogues may lie had.
A utograph Letters.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON* HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. i:;. Wellington
Street. Strand, W.C, on SATURDAY, May 19, at! o'ciocl
AUTOGRAPH LETTERS and HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
prisins a Complete Si ries of Royal .-'km Manuals of English Sovereigns
from Henry vll. to Queen Victoria, including a tine Specimen of the
yery rare Signal ure o: Edward VI.— Letter* from the Earl of Lei.
trite of Queen Elizabeth!, the Earl of Nottingham IComn
against the Spanish Armada'. Cromwell, Bradshaw— Specimen* of o.
.. Sir J. Reynolds. W. M. Thackeray, Lord Tennyson -
Verses), <i. Washington, fcc — Musical Scores and Autoirraplis— a fine
i'nima. Lady Hamilton.
May he viewed two days prior. Catalogues may lie had.
The valuable Library of R. C. FISHER, Etq., of UiV
Midhvrst.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL hy AUCTION, at their House. No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C. on MONDAY, May -l\. and Three Following
Days, at i o'clock precisely, the valuable and interesting LIBB >U\
of R. C. FISHER. Esq. lof Hill Top. Midhnr-t. Sussex), consU
chiefly of early and extremely rare Italian. German, and Fi
Wooilcut Book-, ineludiii^ a fine series of Books of Hours and some
fine Binding?.
May be riewed two days prior. Catalogues ruiy be had; if with
facsimiles of bindings, price half-a-crown each.
The Collection of Books in Fine Binding* of the inte
ARTHUR RAM, Esq., ami the Library of the late J. Ii.
LORES T, Esq.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. 1:!. Wellington
Street. Strand. W.C . on FRIDAY, Mac 25, at 1 o'clock precisely, the
COLLECTION of Books in FINE BINDINGS, the Pro]>ertv of the
late ARTHUR RAM. Esq.; a PORTION of the LIBRARY of a
NOBLEMAN : and the LIBRARY of J. R. LORENT, Es.p, deoeased.
in fine Modern Bindings by Bedford. Riviere. 4c.
May lie viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be bad.
Valuable Book* anJ Illuminated and other Manuscripts.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No.!*, Wellington
Street. Strand. W.C. on SATURDAY. May 38. at l o'clock precisely,
valuable BOOKS and ILLUMINATED and other MANUSCRIPTS—
tine Royal and Hi.-t..ii.- Bindings— First and Early Quarto Editii
Shakespeare's Playi — First Editions of Modem Poet.-, some Presenta-
tion Copies— Document* relating to Louis XVI., Marie Antoinette.
the " Reign of Terror.' and Napoleon I.— a large and important -
of Letters in the Autograph of and Addressed to Dorothy .Ionian.
May lie viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
The Collection of Book Plates (ex-Libris) of the late
JULIAN MARSHALL. Esq.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION iby order of tic Executors), at their
lb .u-e. No. 13, Wellington street, strand. W.C, on MONDAY,
May 28 and Three Following Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, the well-
known extensive and valuable COLLECTION of BOOK-PLATES
lex-Libris) of the late JULIAN MARSHALL. Esq., Bebnsc Avenue,
N.W.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues [price is. each' may be had.
?iy> Lot* of Curiosities.
TUESDAY and WEDNESDA Y. Mao ■iand 9, at
halfjiost tS o'clock.
R. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER for SALE,
at his It.s.m.. SS, King street. Covent (iar.lcn. London, W.I , ■
M
large Assortment of CURIOSITIES from all jiarts. comprising rare
Bronze* from Borneo— Old Wooden Idol* and other Curios from New
Guinea s Copper-coated Mummy in wonderful condition- Old China
— Death Mask- of Cromwell and Napoleon— a FURTHER PORTION
ol the COLLECTION of SAMPLERS formed by the late W. W.
ROBINSON. Esq. Roman. Etruscan. Peruvian, and other Pottery—
Natii c Weapons, Dresses, fee. — Fnpanese, Chinese, and other Cm
On vi.-w Monday prior 10 to 4 and mornings of Sal.-. Catalogues on
application.
\'alnable Xatnral History and other Book*.
WXDNESDA V. Mo;/ .'!, at half past i> o'clock.
MR, J. C. STEVENS will OFFER, at his
Rooms, 38, Ring Street, Covent Garden, I^mdon. W.c. com.
PLETE SETS of the ENTOMOLOGICAL TRANS ACTIONS, 1836 1804,
51 vols, half -calf ; Zoologist.'*) vols— Entomologist's Monthly Uagadnc,
aa rola half calf— many valuable Botanies' Works— Ray Society Works
- Natural History Pamphlets, many rare.
on view day prior 3 to 4 and morning of Sale. Catalogues ora
appUcation.
N° 4097, May 5, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
531
Sales of Miscellaneous Property.
MR T fl STEVENS begs to announce that
On view Thursday S to 5 and lno.-nmg of Sale
Hare and Valuable Boqka-Bandsome Mahogany
Bookcases, <t c
MESSRS. HOTXiSON & CO. will SELL by
srfh& HIS SI iifil /a ie eat
Millaiss British. Deer and then H "'%> i\-\ ".inil Hooker's Genera
;;!l:r:V,,;!1V2;;,In^?.e;^nT^tI,^y Furniture.
To be viewed, ami Cata'ojues had.
DAY, •>>/.". tf '>'" '•'"•'" °/ />rt" lf- S<m' LithWraPher° '
and other Private Properties.
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON wiU SELL
I vi f'TION at their Galleries, 47. Leicester Square, \TX .
mox >\V M.v U ai Vol. vin? 1'av. at ten minutes past
on MONDAY. .™avATTTABLW BOOKS, including Burtons Arabian
^tf>^^^
hv Riviere nn.l /.a. hns flan- ri£3w«nilerhil Magazine, 5 Tola.—
Swedenborftfcc Catalo?ncs 0n application.
M
ESSRR. CHRISTIE, MANSON * WOODS
Square, the Sales commencing at 1 o'clock precisely :-
On MONDAY. Mav 7 (by order of the High
Un f^^Vf*-^' ,^4 ' , "MODERN PICTURES and
On TUESDAY, May 8, and WEDNESDAY'
On THURSDAY, May 10, and FRIDAY,
Mav 11 the C'orj.KOTION of OBJECTS of ART of the Right Hon.
i,(')Rn'GlUMTHORPE.
On SATURDAY, May 12, important ANCIENT
n~A IttYTVERN PICTURES the Property of the Right Hon. LORD
m ixrTlVoRPP also PKTl-RES by OLD MASTERS, the Property
of a OCTTl!r!si\y and from numerous Private Collections and
different Sources.
jHaga$htfs, &t.
By Sidney
THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND AFTER
No. 351. MAY.
FOR AND AGAINST THE EDUCATION BILL:
1 By Dr. T. J. Macnainar.i. M.P.
f BvKst'R1"': ''.Archbishop of Westminster.
4 B'v the Right Hon Viscount Halifax.
5. By the Rev Dr. .1. Guinness Rogers.
6. By D. 0. Lathlinrv.
THE FUTURE OF SHAKESPEAREAN RESEARCH.
Lee.
EUGENICS AND ST. YALENTINE. By Harelock Ellis.
THE VOCATION OF THE JOURNALIST. By D. C. Banks.
THE LIBERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE COLONIAL CON-
FERENCE. By Russell Rea, MP.
THE TEACHING OF COOKERY. By Colonel Kenney Herbert.
THE PHYSIQUE OF GIRLS. By Miss K. Bathurst, late Inspector
under the Board of Education.
THE CANTINES SCOLAIRE9 OF PARTS. By Sir Charles A.
Elliott KC.SI. LED. Chairman of the Joint Committee for
Underfed Children in London.
THE LIGHTER SIDE OF HANNAH MORE. By Norman Pearson.
THE INDIVIDUAL VKKSVS THE CROWD. By Sir Martin
Conwav.
PARLIAMENT AND THE ARMY. By Colonel the Earl of Erroll.
\\ IIY LIFT TRADES ONIONS ABOVE THE LAW? By the Right
Hon. Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bart.
London • SPOTTISWOODK * CO., Ltd., 5, New Street Square.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
NAPOLEON. Volume IX. of the Cambridge Modern History.
Planned by the late Lord Acton. Edited by A. W. Ward, Litt.D., G. W. Prothero,
Litt.D., and Stanley Leathes, M.A.
The period with which this volume of the Cambridge Modern History is con-
cernediJTrXted by its title Napoleon. The writers are Ge^Parttet- lessor
of Modem History in the University of Nancy: J. .\w»if}wK
4nton Guilland, Professor of History at Zurich; H. A. L. Fisher , L. O. WiCMBin
Ye- Colonel B M. Llovd ; J. Holland Rose ; Major-General August Keim, of
the German An v; C. \V. Oman, Chichele Professor of Modern History in he
Univei ™ of s ford Kugen Stechepkin, Professor of Universal Hist.. ry in the
rmnerill University of Odessa; J. von l-rtugk-Harttung, formerly Professor of
IH 'or in te University of Basel ; A. W. Ward i G. P. Gooch ; W. H Button; and
H E. EKerton, Beit Professor of Colonial History m the University of .Oxford.
"\, oneiuu" labour could produce the same effect on the reader s mind, for the
•■«, it? of one mi V "thought makes a weaker impression than the unity revealed
"when many men's labours, each approaching the subject from a special side,
"are seen to "tell the same tale "— Morning Post
THE BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine
Street, I/.n.lnn. W.C.. May ,1th, contains :-
The New ReientV Quft.lrunt (full Illustrations' ; Proposed I Plan for
Re -m<xlrUin» Pirm.lillv Cir. us . Architecture at the Royal Academy ;
The Trade Disimt.s Bill ; Fenestration ,Anhit;. tura Assor.afonl ;
Jtefnfirced OoScrete-Report ot the tnrtltute of Architect.; Mathe-
matical Data for Architecti (Students Oolomnl j fcc-FrOUl Ofisaai
above <*/.. by i>ost 4i<M, or through any Newsagent.
Tor Continuation of Magazines see p. 558.
Royal 8vo,
10s net
Earlier volumes
of the History-
Subscription price
The twelve volumes in which the Cambridge Modern History will cOTer'tfao
nevio, from the close of the Middle Ages to the present day, are issued in two
Eta; "he" «!eSii.nW with Volume I and the other with Volume^ II. I nder
French Revolution, and IX— Napoleon.
Anv volume of the History can be purchased separately, at lGs net Rut
Anv volume 01 wre nra . recJei% e.l for the complete work in twelve
^S^AS^'^S^vm^^ :it °nce in fu,1'or £*" inw,^-r lhef
six volinnesveadyTand the balance in instalments of Vis M on the publication of
each of the six remaining volumes.
BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER. Complete Plays and Poems.
Edited by Arnold Glover, M.A. and A. E. Waller, M.A. Volumes I, II and 1
Crown 8vo,
4s 6d net each
Subscription price
The text of this edition of Beaumont and Fletcher, reprinted from the folio of
1679 with a record of all earlier variant readings, will be compete m ten
volumes • of which Vols. I, II and III are now ready and \ ol. n in the pros.
' 0hV.U^ ?euvre solide et qui rendra les plus grands services ■"-*«» Germanic
•■ Preeminently, then, this new edition . ..is an edition for scholars
«' An ideal Beaumont and Fletcher."— Scotsman * tnenom m
" h! the full sense, then, the edition is critical and adequate. "-A of c.s and (J t«
Subscribers for complete sets of the edition are entitled to purchase copies at
the reduced Kite ■ of 4* ! net per volume. A Prospectus will be sent on appbcabon.
GEORGE CRABBE : POEMS. Edited by A. W. Ward, Litt.D.,
Master of Peterhouse. Volumes I. and II.
Crown 8vo,
4s 6d net each
This edition, which includes a number of poems not hitherto identified or till
now unpublished, will be completed in three volumes, of which the first two are
^'"'Here at last, then, is the edition of Crnhher-Acadewj,
"The most complete and reliable text of Crabbe."-5wt8man
PHOTOGRAVURE FACSIMILES OF RARE BOOKS printed
in England in the Fifteenth Century ^ v
bridTetreexe"lmPphotogravure by M. Dnjardin of Pans from pho » graphs
t-lken hi Th- 1 L i .rarv. Two hundred ami fifty copies are printed (two /-"»<<■,•«' orUy
taken in ti . i>u> -lr5 • niatea are then destroyed. On hand-made paper, the books
arX&ntsaS^^b^ds! .piarU-r-vellum, with veltam si^edabels.
The titles of the first five books are given below, and of these four are repvo-
interest to students of typography.
Subscribers to the whole series of twelve volumes obtain a reduction of one-
Vol. I. can no longer be obtained separately.
1 The Storyof Queen Anelida and the false Arcite, by Geoffrey Chaucer
1. llie OLUiy ui Vfuccu Westminster by William Caxton
Volumes ready.
[10s net]
in England
2. Augustini Dacti Scribe super Tullianis elogancijs et verbis exoticis in
sua facundissima Rethonca incipit perornate hbellus
15s net
From the unique copy printed at St. Albans, about 1479, by 'The Schoolmaster
Printer.'
•3 Thp t.pmnle of glas, by John Lydgate
6. lUe tempie 8^^ ^ ^/^ of th(J e(lition printc(1 at Westminster by William
128 6d net Caxton about the year 147..
4 A ryght protytable treatyse compendiously drawen out of many and
ys dyvers wrytynges of holy men, by Thomas Betson
^ .1 i-.:„„ ,wi,.to.l in PtMoii's house hv Wvnkvn do Words, the date of
whfcWnxMVSS.T; be'evi^of the states of the printers mark and of the
cut of the Crucifixion, contained in the book.
5 Thp assemble of goddes, by John Lydgate
5. ine assemoie 01 gu^ ^ ^ -j jjj ^.^ u Weslluinstcr „, NV,nk,„
17s 6d net (i,, Worde about the year l.r.oo.
London, Fetter L,ne: Cambridge University Press Warehouse: C. F. Clat, Makagek
15s net
T H E A T H E N^UM N- 4097, May 5, 1906
FROM
THE DE LA MORE PRESS LIST.
TO BB PUBLISHED OS MAY /?.
THE ROMANTIC DI8C0YERY OF A LONG-L08T AND VALUABLE MANUSCRIPT.
'BUCK" WHALEY'S MEMOIRS. Written by Himself. Edited, with Notes, Introduction, and
mum Illustrations in Photognmire, by sir kdwARD SULLIVAN, Bartk RoysJ Bro, 21a uDL Nov pabliihed far tin- first tuna I
Original Miinisciipt after i toUatkn witfi its Duplioata.
Hill i^ a enriou and piquant autobiography, containing an aocount of tin- Lite, TraTala, and Adventures of 'i bonaa wh.-i.icy, eosnaoaljf known .-i» " itui k " or " Jerusalem"
Wh .1, v, hi extraordinary Irishman, who died in the year LSOOat the early in of thirl y-foui , aftei patlon, PunbUng, and (tot those days) extraordinary feats of trai
Owing to bis gnat wealth, hi* .striking panonaJ appearance, ana hit befog ;i iimiiiiihi of the Iri^h Parliament, whalejr had the entrie to the ntries
throogfa which be travelled, and the Memoirs, which are very owtapofcan, contain uiauy racy anecdotae and iiwiioiahla facta about well-known pssnoaagsa who lived at the end of the
eighteenth century.
Tin- Memoirs are, moreover, valuable from an historical point of i ie«', since they give, amongst other things, an account containing saaay euioas date lie concerning
Revolution and the execution of the King, Whaley htm— h having been one of the »j>ect.\tors who saw the unfortunate monarch oa the scaffold, and heard the la*v word* that
he attend,
THE HEART OF A GARDEN. By Rosamund Marriott Watson. Royal 8vo, 7s. 6d. net.
Numerous l'lates.
" A gem of literature ... .a joy for ever."— Daily Mn,L
' Her observation is honest and personal." — Manchester Guardian.
prettiest books we have seen for many a day. The writer loves the birds as few do." — AthMUBUm.
" For garden lovers. . . .unquestionably B thing of beauty."— Manchester Courier.
.■ally exquisite cycle of garden word-pictures."— World. " 1
" One of the prettiest books we have seen for many a day. The writer loves the bird
THE STORY AND SONG OF BLACK RODERICK. By Dora Sigerson, Authoress of ' As the
Sparks Fly Upward ' and other Works. White or dark green cloth, crown 8vo, 3*. 6V/. net.
JUST PUBLISHED, profusely illustrated, demy 8vo, gilt top, 10*. <>/. net.
A MANUAL OF COSTUME, AS ILLUSTRATED BY MONUMENTAL BRASSES. By Herbert
DRUITT.
An indispensable handbook for all interested in Brasses, Costume, and Mediaeval Archaeology.
LITTLE FLOWERS OF A CHILDHOOD : the Story of a Young Child's Life. Edited by Grace
W ARRACK, Editor of ' Julian of Norwich.' With Illustrations. White or green cloth, crown 8vo, 3*. 6</. net.
GERMAN FOR SCIENCE STUDENTS.
With Diagrams illustrating Scientific Instruments, &c. Square 8vo, 2s. 6d. net.
A FIRST GERMAN COURSE FOR SCIENCE STUDENTS. By Prof. H. G. Fiedler and F. E.
SANDBACH (of Birmingham University).
DE LA MORE PRESS QUART08.-New Volume.
THE BEGGAR'S OPERA. By John Gay. Edited by G. Hamilton Macleod. Hand-made Paper,
Limited Issue, 7s. 6eZ. net ; Japanese Vellum (Fifty Copies), 21s. net.
LIBRARY OF LITURGIOLOGY AND ECCLESIOLOGY -New Volume. 7s. 6U net.
ECCLESIQLOGICAL ESSAYS. By J. Wickham Legg, F.S.A. With many Illustrations.
Prospectus of the Library on application.
NOTES" ON SHfPBUILDING AND NAUTICAL YeRMS 7of~6lD IN THE NORTH. By
EIRIKR MAGNUSSON. Demy 8vo, Is. net.
LOGIC, DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE. By Carveth Read, M.A., Professor of Logic at
University College. Third Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Demy 8vo, 6s.
AT SCOTLAND YARD. Being the Experiences during Twenty-Seven Years' Service of John
Sweeney, late Deteotive-Inspector, Criminal Investigation Department, New Scotland Yard. New and Cheaper Edition, Revised, and with
Supplementary Chapter on the late libel case of "Parmeggiani v. Sweeney and others." Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d.
THE KING'S CLASSICS.
Under the General Editorship of Professor I. GOLLANCZ.
Printed on antique laid paper (6 in. by 4{ in.), and supplied in red cloth gilt, or quarter-bound antique grey bindings. Also at extra prices with vellum back and cloth sides, gilt.
" We note with pleasure that competent scholars have in every case supervised this series, which «ui therefore be received with confidence."— A thenerum.
ONE OF THE LATE DR. GARNETTS LAST PIECES OF LITERARY WORK.
THE VICAR OF WAKEFIELD. By Oliver Goldsmith. With Introduction by Richard Garnett, C.B.
Frontispiece Portrait of Goldsmith (not previously published). Is. <kl. net ; quarter-vellum, Is, 6<f. net. [Ready.
tf&W VOLUMES READY SUORTLY.
SAPPHO, ONE HUNDRED LYRICS. By Bliss Carman. Frontispiece. Is. 6d. net ; quarter-vellum,
is. dd. net.
CICERO'S FRIENDSHIP, OLD AGE, AND SCIPIO'S DREAM. Edited, with Introduction, by
\V. II. I). HOUSE, Litt.1). Frontispiece. 2». Cd. net ; quarter-vellum, 5s. 6d. net.
POE'S POEMS. With Introduction and Notes by Edward Hutton. Frontispiece. Is. 6d. net;
quarter-velluni, i«. 6d. net.
Loudon: ALEXANDER MORING, Limited, 82, George Street, Hanover Square, W.
N°4097, May 5, 1906 THE ATHEN^UM 533_
BOOKS APPEALING TO EVERYBODY.
A SELECTION FROM THE LIST OF E. GRANT RICHARDS.
•TO BIRD LOVERS.-
fPHE one book ivhich is indispensable to every lover of birds, and of which I am about to publish the First
Part, is THE BIRDS OF TUB BRITISH IS BANDS, by Charles Stonham, G.M.G. F.R.C.S. F.Z.S.
I believe this production is far in advance of anything of the kind that has so far been attempted. The author
has for many years actively studied his subject, and his name is a guarantee of the accuracy and comprehen-
siveness of the text. The work is to have over three hundred Illustrations in Photogravure by B. M. Medland,
the majority of ivhich will be life size, and are far superior to anything of the kind yet produced in this country.
The whole ivill be completed in Twenty Parts, price 7s. 6d. net each, or by paying in advance the Subscription
can be obtained at a reduced rate. A Bist of Subscribers will be included in the last part. Send for a Prospectus
with Specimen Illustration to any Bookseller, or direct to the Publisher.
Of a different character is the Second Book I would recommend, entitled THE BIRD IN SONGy
ivhich has been compiled by Robert Sickert. It gives you in a small space a collection of the finest poems,
and the finest only, on birds. It has a Photogravure Frontispiece, and its p-ice is 2s. 6d. net.
TO TRAVELLERS.
A BOOK which should appeal to every one fond of the open air is an anthology of poems and prose of the country
side, entitled TRA VEBBER'S JOY, which has been collected by W. G. Waters. It is decorated with end
papers designed in colour by William Hyde, and daintily bound in green and gold, and is quite an ideal
companion to every lover of the open road. Bound in lambskin, price 5s. net ; or in cloth, JfS. net.
And let me remind those who are the fortunate possessors of a motor car that Mr. Filson Young's
THE HAPPY MOTORIST shoidd, says the World, " be read by every motorist seeking for sweetness and
light." It tells you all you want to know about the buying and running of a motor car. Price 3s. 6d. net.
To those who contemplate visiting Florence I would point out that I have just published a new edition of
the late Mr. Grant Allen's FBORENCE, which has been revised and brought up to date. It is, as Punch
says, " a most useful companion to the traveller." 3s. 6d. net.
■TO LOVERS OF MUSIC-
\[R- Filson Young's volume of essays of music and mtisicians, entitled MASTERSINGERS, cannot fail
to delight all those who make its acquaintance. " These musical essays may be unhesitatingly ranked
among the very best things of their kind as judged by any standard," says the Westminster Gazette.
Price 5s. net.
TO SOCIALISTS.
WO all those who seek to alleviate the hard lot of the lower classes I recommend two books. The first is
ESSAYS IN SOCIABISM, by E. Bel fort Box, who will be remembered as the author of many
books on Socialism, and who has devoted the greater part of his life to the Socialist cause. Price 5s. net.
The second is Mr. Cope Cornford's THE CANKER AT THE HEART, a collection of studies
of the life of the poor drawn from the actual experience of the writer. " To such of our readers as
really desire to know how the poor live, we recommend this book," says the Spectator. Price 3s. 6d. net.
TO LOVERS OF FICTION.
TpINAELY, to the great company of those v)ho read novels, here are some which yon will agree are well
worth reading. Firstly there is PARSON BRAND, by B. Cope Cornford, which I have just published.
The central character of the slave - trading divine will live in your memory long after you have read the
book. The second is THE BBACK MOTOR CAR, by Harris Burland, an exciting story in which
mystery, a'ime, and adventure play equally important parts. It is illustrated by Stanley B. Wood, and
will be ready early next week. Thirdly, there is Mr. Bouis J. Vance's romantic story, TERENCE
O'ROURKE, GENTBEM 'AN ADVENTURER-" a man after the romancist's own heart," says the Scotsman.
Fourthly, Mr. James Blyth's new novel, THE SAME CBAY, dealing with East Anglian village life in
the author's masterly style, is a novel which will interest you. Fifthly, comes IGDRASIB, by Mrs.
Trafford Taunton, a book which takes the reader well out of the beaten track of the modern novel, and
last, but by no means least, is Mr. Filson Young's famous novel, THE SANDS OF PBEASURE, which has
gone into its fourth edition, and is :till in great demand everywhere. Order these six to-day, all 6s. each.
E. GRANT RICHARDS, 7, Carlton Street, London, S.W.
534
T II E A T II E N^UM
X 4097, Max 5, 1006
KIIOM
MESSRS. T.& T.CLARK'S LIST.
A HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION.
i. prim Ipal I M LINDSAY, D.D . Oliuurow. Vol 1.
I :. i.. i in .iijmi in Germany, from it- Beginning lo
tin' Keliglou* Peace "i Augsburg, Just published,
... i . .■ /
post Bvo, I
■• Principal i. i i hi- .i> i- onrarpaaaed ai an authority on the
history ol tin- Reformation." Britith Weekly.
By
THE AUTHORITY OF CHRIST.
DAVID w. FORREST, D.D. Bdintmrgh. Autli
• I in- Christ of lii-imy iitnl of Experience. Jnat pub-
li-li.-il. post «ii, Bf.
■ \ permanent addition to theological actonoe, competent
in it- knowledge, thorough In Its reasoning, lucid in it*
.-i\li', and everywhere Inspired by the highest and moat
spiritual i teals, it « ill be In the preeent hour a timely and
iuiiiiiiii..t • reinforcement t<> the library of every thinking
Christian and citizen."
Rev. John WATSON, D.D., in the British Widely.
THE NEW REFORMATION. Recent
Evangelical Movement* in the Rflwwi Catholic Church.
By Rev. JOHN A. BAIN, M. A. Post 8vo, 4#. 6d. net
"A remarkable book. It should be read even by those
who usually look ;it no print but what they rind In the
newspaper*. It discloses a state of matters in the preeent
world in which we live, which few have any idea of, and
which it concerns every one to know."— Brituh Weekly.
JAMES, THE LORD'S BROTHER. By
Principal WM. PATRICK, D.D., Winnipeg. Just
published, post Bvo, 6*. net.
•• We welcome this volume as a scholarly and reasonable
contribution to a clearer understanding of the forces at
work during the Apostolic age.... We know of no English
work which takes the persona] history of St. James and
analyzes it in the same complete way." — 2'imes.
THE GIFT OF TONGUES. By Dawson
WALKER, D.D., Durham. Post 8vo, 1& (id. net.
A GRAMMAR OF NEW TESTAMENT
GREEK. By Dr. JAMES HOPE MOULTON, Did*
bury College, Manchester. Part L PROLEGOMENA.
Bvo, 8s. net.
No other Grammar tikes adequate account of those
wonderful discoveries of CJreek papyri which within the
last few years have altered the entire basis of the study of
New Testament Greek.
Special Prospectus free on application.
THE RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY
OF INDIA : THE UPANISHADS. By Prof. P.
DEUSSBN, University of Kiel. Translated by Prof.
A. S. GEDEN, M.A. 8vo, 10«. 6d.
"Prof. Deussen's work is a masterpiece. Reading with
some of the first Pandits of South India, 1 have found
ample reason to endorse almost every one ef his state-
ments."—Prof. G. U. POPE, Oxford.
THE EYE FOR SPIRITUAL THINGS,
and other Sermons. By Prof. EL M. GWATKIN, D.D.,
Cambridge. (New Volume of "The Scholar as Preacher"
Series.) Post Mo, is. 6d. net
Volumes Previously Published in this Series.
FAITH AND KNOWLEDGE. By W. R. INGE,
D.D., Oxford. 4«. 6d. net. Second Edition.
CHRISTUS IN ECCLE3IA. By HASTINGS RASH
DALL, D.C.L., Oxford. 4s. 6rf. net.
BREAD AND SALT FROM THE -WORD OP
GOD. By Prof. TH. ZAUN. is. Crf. net.
THE GROWTH OF CHRISTIAN FAITH.
By QBORGE FERRIES, D.D. 8vo, 7s. 6d. net
HASTINGS DICTIONARY OF THE
BIBLE. Now complete in Five Volumes (including the
extra volume lately published). Published tprice per
Volume, in cloth, 28a ; in half-morocco, 34*. Sets may
also be had in other elegant half-morocco bindings,
prices on application. Full Prospectus, with Specimen
Page, free.
" We have no hesitation in recommending it to students
of the Bible as the best work of its kind which exists in
English." — Guardian.
THE BIBLE: its Origin and Nature.
By Prof. MARCUS DODS, D.D. Post 8vo, 4*. &d . net
THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOD. By Prof.
H. M. GWATKIN, D.D., Cambridge. 2 vols. 12x.net
[Ready in May.
CHRISTIAN THEISM AND A
SPIRITUAL MONISM. God, Freedom, and Im-
mortality, in view of Monistic Evolution. Bv Rev.
W. L, WALKER, Author of 'The Spirit and the
Incarnation,' 'The Cross and the Kingdom.'
[Heady in Stay.
Edinburgh : T. & T. CLARK, 38, George Street.
London: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON,
KENT & CO., Limited.
SMITH, ELDER & CO.'S PUBLICATIONS.
MRS. HUMPHRY WARD'S
NEW NOVEL.
With Illustrations by ALBERT STERNER. Crown Bvo, l
FIRST LARGE IMPRESSION NEARLY SOLD OUT.
SECOND IMPRESSION IN THE PRESS.
FENWICK'S
STANDARD. — "It is a rare pleasure to find a
literary artist whose work shows steady improvement
with each fresh publication. One has the satisfaction
of rinding that every book — or nearly every book — she
writes is better than the last. And there will be many
who will hold, not unwarrantably, that ' Fenwick's
Career ' is the best of all."
TRIBUNE.— "A story rich in detail and
incident. Putting down the Ixxik, one feels
a great admiration of the art, the imagination,
the warm sympathy, the beautiful tenderness
of Mrs. Humphry Ward's style, and a great
gratitude to a novelist who has such a bigk
and admirable ideal of her calling. It is diffi-
cult to praise the book enough."
CAREER.
DAILY CHRONICLE. — " Once again has Mrs. Ward proved her fitness to be numbered among
the leaders of living novelists. The new book is a piece of notable work— a triumph of constructive
skill, of subtle and consistent characterization, of definite and happy expression, of vital force. Like
its predecessors from her pen, it stands out from the mass of fiction of the day — a work distinctive,
apart."
*#* An Edition de Luxe in 2 vols, price 21s. net, limited to 250 copies,
will be ready immediately. Particulars on application.
FIRST IMPRESSION NEARLY EXHAUSTED, SECOND IMPRESSION IN THE PRESS.
FROM A COLLEGE WINDOW.
By ARTHUR CHRISTOPHER BENSON,
Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge. Large post 8vo, Is. 6d. net.
MORNING POST.—" A delightful book. Hardly since ' In Memoriam' was published has any
Englishman, in a book not avowedly religious, written so intimately of his own soul face to face with
the mvsteries which surround us all."
A NEW LIFE OF JOHN WESLEY.
READY ON MAY 8, with * Photogravure Frontispiece and 4 Facsimiles of Letters, &c, 6s. net.
WESLEY AND HIS CENTURY
A Study In Spiritual Forces. By w. H. fitchett, b.a. LL.D.,
President of the Methodist Church of Australasia, Author of ' How England Saved Europe,' ic.
A SUMMER RIDE THROUGH WESTERN TIBET. By Jane E. Duncan.
With 93 Illustrations and a Map. Demy Svo, Us. net
DAILY MEWS.—" A pleasant picture of a pleasant people Miss Duncan has performed a feat of which she may
well be proud."
SEVENTY YEARS' FISHING. By Charles George Barrington, C.B. With
a Frontispiece. Small demy 8v«, 10*. *rf. net.
FIELD. — "The book of a good sportsman and a good angler, from which even the most modern disciple of the light
rod philosophy cannot but lsarn much."
THE VICTORIAN CHANCELLORS. Vol. I. By J. B. Atlay, Barrister-at-
Law. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 14*-. net.
SPECTATOR.— "To lawyer, politician, student »f manners, and lover of good stories alike, Mr. Atlay's book will
furnish the best of entertainment. '
*,* The \V»rk will be completed in a Second Volume.
IF YOUTH BUT KNEW. By Agnes and Egerton Castle. With 20
Illustrations by Mr. LANCELOT SPEED. SECOND IMPRESSION. It,
TRUTH.—"' If Youth But Knew,' is, in a word, as enchaining as the magic music of its wizard violinist."
SALTED ALMONDS. By F. Anstey, Author of 'Vice Versa,' &c. 6s.
TRUTH. — "Anybody with a taste for witty, ingenious, whimsical, and diverting stories will deTonr this dish of
' siilted almonds' at a sitting, without experiencing any other feeling than one of perfect enjoyment,"
London: SMITH, ELDER k CO. 15, Waterloo Place, S.W.
N°4097, May 5, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
535
MESSRS. METHUEN'S NEW BOOKS
GENERAL LITERATURE.
MACEDONIA. By H. 1ST. Brailsford. With many Illustrations
and 2 Maps. Demy 8vo, 12*. Gd. net.
"A most complete, interesting, and instructive work on the subject."— Standard.
"It is a record of keen observation and of deductions from carefully observed facts by
one who is not only a scholar, but a lover of liberty."— Tribune.
"At last we have a book in which the most crying problem of the Near East is
discussed and explained with entire clearness and a minute and personal knowledge such as
no previous writer on the subject has possessed. For a long time to come the book before
us is likely to be the one authority upon the vital question of Macedonia."— Daily Chronicle.
THE MAKERS OF JAPAN. By J. Morris. With many
Portraits and Illustrations. Demy Svo, 12,v. Gd. net.
This book, by a series of biographies of the great statesmen and warriors of the last
forty years, describes the rise of Japan to its present commanding position. The book is
full of value, and the biographical method gives it an interest which a set history could
not possess. The author was for many years in Japan, and is on terms of intimacy with
many prominent leaders of the country.
ON* THE SPANISH MAIN. By John Masefield. With many
Illustrations. Demy Svo, 10s. Gd. net.
This book contains many details of the life of some of the Elizabethan seamen and of
the buccaneers of Jamaica and Hispaniola. It traces the gradual rise of the buccaneer
clement in the West Indies, from the time of Drake's first raid, in the year 1570, until the
return of Dumpier across the isthmus 110 years later. It gives an account of Drake's raid
on Nombre de Dios, of John Oxenbam's unhappy journey to the .South Seas, of Sir Henry
Morgan's great raids on Panama and Porto Bello, and of the youth and early manhood of
William Dampier. At the end of the book there are some chapters on ancient ships, guns,
and sea life.
LHASA AND ITS MYSTERIES: with a Record of the
Expedition of 1903-4. By L. AUSTIN E WADDELL, LL.D. C.U. CLE F.L.S. F.A.I.,
Lier.t.-Col. Indian Medical Service, Author of 'The Buddhism of Tibet,' 'Anions; the
Himalayas,' Ac. With 200 Illustrations and Maps. New and Revised, medium Svo,
7.v. Gd. net. Transferred from Mr. John Murray.
'ibis charming book is acknowledged to be the most complete and authoritative
account of the recent British Mission to the Forbidden Land. It is a mine of rir-.i-li .ml
knowledge and research, giving an intimate insight into the quaint customs, folk-lore,
philology, scenery, and natural history of the Hermit Land. Its unusual richness iu
excellent illustrations, most of which are unique and not to be found elsewhere, makes the
book a work of art. The new edition is issued at a very low price.
THE COMPLETE CRICKETER. By Albert E. Knight. With
many Illustrations. Deiny Svo, 7s. Gd. net.
A volume alike for players and students of the game. Memories of the past are
incorporated with pictures of the present. The historical development of our national
pastime and a discussion of its changing aspects during recent years precede those more
practical and didactic chapters intended for younger aspirants to proticiency in cricket.
The final chapters concern themselves with cricket in the Greater Britain, with the
characteristics of Australian grounds, the preparation and peculiarities of their wickets,
and a persona 1 impression of a great Test Match at Sydney. There are many photographs
of cricketers in action.
THE MOTOR YEAR-BOOK FOR 1906. Edited by H. Massac
BUIST. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 7s. Gd. net.
The second issue of 'The Motor Year- Book ' is much more elaborate and interesting
than that for 1905. It contains articles on Motoring in England by Lord Montague, in
Scotland by Sir John Macdonald, and in Ireland by R. J. Mecredy. The Second Part is an
account of "the various competitions and races of the year; the Third Part deals with Trade
and Technicalities, with the Position of the Industry, the tendencies of the Trade, and the
various types of cars and bodies. The Editor writes an article on the Shows. Part IV.
deals with Commercial Motors; Part V. with Motor Cycles and Tricars; and Part VI.
with Touring and Roads. Part VII. deals with the Law of Motoring; Part VIII. with
Motor Boating ; and Part IX. with Motor Aeronautics. Part X. contains much wisdom in
a lighter vein.
" A work which should prove of great value to all interested in the subject, whether for
pleasure or commercial uses." — Morning Post.
THE MANOR AND MANORIAL RECORDS. By Nathaniel
J. HONE. With many Illustrations. Demy Svo, 7s. Gd. net. [Antiquary's Books.
" Mr. Hone is a model of lucidity and interest." — Morning Leader.
"One of the best popular accounts of a very interesting but little understood institu-
tion."— Standard.
" Altogether an extremely interesting volume on the position and significance of the
manor in history. ' — Daily Telegraph.
SIR WALTER SCOTT.
Demy Svo, ~s. Cd. net.
" A kindly and sympathetic study of the best of men and the most genial of novelists.
Mr.LeOrys Norgate knows his Mcott and he knows his Scotland thoroughly." — Country Life.
THE LAND OF PARDONS. By Anatole le Braz. Translated
by FRANCES M. OtOSTLING. With 60 Illustrations, of which 10 are in Colour.
Crown Svo, 6s.
In this book the great Breton writer has described the five obligatory festivals of his
country, and in so doing hag shown us Brittany, not the Brittany hitherto known to the
foreigner, but the true Breton Brittany, with its colour, its life, its Quaint customs,
legends, beliefs, all mingled with the superstitions that linger so persistently in the Breton
mind. In (act "The Land of Pardons' la not a mere book about Brittany, for it it Brittany,
painted as only a Breton could paint it. As for the translation, it has been a labour of
love, every page worked out on the scene of which it treats, and the photographs, of which
there are forty, all taken specially to illustrate such scenes.
DEVELOPMENT AND DIYINE PURPOSE. By Vernon F.
STORR, MA, Lecturer in the Philosophy of Religion iii Cambridge University,
Examining chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury, formerly Fellow of University
College, Oxford. Crown Svo, r>s. net.
"Tlii- book is thoroughly pertinent to the needs of present-day thought, and both for
iper and substance it lias a strong claim to recognition."— Christian World,
By G. Le G. Norgate. Fully illustrated.
ABOUT ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON.
LETTERS FROM SAMOA. By Mrs. M. I. Stevexson.
Arranged by M. C. BALFOUR. With 12 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 6s. net.
These final Letters of Mrs. M. I. Stevenson cover the period of her life in Samoa up to
the death of her son (Robert Louis Stevenson) in 1S94. They are full of interesting pictures
of the island and of the Samoans, as well as of the home life of Vailiina itself. The illus-
trations are unusually intimate and interesting.
" There could be no more charming and fitting memorial than these letters. They will
be tenderly cherished by all who admire Stevenson's genius. "—Outlook.
LINCOLN. By E. Mansel Sympson, M.A., M.D. Illustrated hy
E. II. New. Crown Svo, 4s. Gd. net. [Ancient Cities.
" Lincoln has now found an historian worthy in all respects of zeal and competency
A great additional attraction to this scholarly work will be found in the numerous and
beautiful illustrations of Mr. E. H. New." — Xotes and Queries.
"A delightfully fresh account of all its ancient glories and present charm."— Standard.
BRISTOL. By Alfred Harvey. Illustrated by E. H. New.
Crown Svo, 4s. Gd. net. [Ancient Cities.
RELIGION IN EVOLUTION. By F. B. Jevgns, Litt.D. Crown
8vo, 3s. Gd. net.
In these lectures, delivered in the vacation term for Biblical study at Cambridge, the
author argues that even if science had discovered the origin and traced the Evolution of
Religion the validity of religion would still remain to be determined.
PICTORIAL GARDENING. By G. F. Milltx. With many
Illustrations. Crown Svo, 3s. Gd. net.
This is an attempt to apply the principles of the landscape painter's art to the forma-
tion of small gardens.
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. By Wakelixg Dry. With 40
Illustrations. Small pott Svo, 2s. c,d. net ; leather, 3s. Gd. net. [The Little Guides.
OXFORDSHIRE. By F. G. Brabant. Uh^t-rated by E. H. New
and from Photographs. Small pott Svo, cloth, 2s. Gd. net ; leather, 3*. Gd. n-t.
[The Little Guides.
A HANDBOOK OF CLIMBERS, TWINERS, AND WALL
SHRUBS. By H. PUREFOY FITZGERALD. With 32 Illustrations. Fcap. Svo,
3s. Gd. net.
This book is a companion to the ' Handbook of Garden Plants,' by Mrs. Batson. It is
intended to be a guide to all plants that can be used for climbing up walls, arches,
pergolas, tree-stumps, and such-like places, and gives concisely directions as to propa-
gation, treatment, times of flowering, and other details. The plants dealt with are those
that can be grown out of doors in the British Islands, and include some that require slight
protection in winter.
THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. By J. E. Morris.
Illustrated. Small post Svo, 2s. Gd. net ; leather, 3s. Gd. net." [The Little Guides:
TWELFTH NIGHT. By W. Shakespeare. Edited by Morton
LUCE. Demy Svo, 2s. 6<f. net. [Arden Shakespeare.
FICTION.
SECOND EDITION.
a Story of Diverse Temperaments.
BLANCHE ESMEAD
By Mrs. FULLER MAITLAND, Author of 'Pages from the Day Book of Bethia
Hardacre.' Crown Svo, 6».
"A graceful and entertaining novel, the action of which is swift and sparkling from
first to last." — Times.
"A work of great delight. It should be read slowly, meditatively, lest the delicate
Savour evaporate." — Morning Leader.
SECOND EDITION.
LOAVES AND FISHES. By Bernard Cafes. Crown 8vo, 6s.
"The author has a happy ingenuity of invention, a distinction of style, and a quaint.
ness of humour which make a happy combination." — Morning Post.
" Mr. Capes is a virile and vivid artist, alike in word and thought. " — Morning Leader.
"All are fresh in invention, neatly wrought, and stimulating to the curiosity."
Scotsman.
THIRD EDITION.
THE SCHOLAR'S DAUGHTER. By Beatrice Harraden,
Author of ' Ships that Pass in the Night.' Crown Svo, Gs.
"The hand of the artist and the effect of the art that hides art are to be recognized iit
'The Scholar's Daughter.' The book contains effective characterization, and the adroit-
ness with which the delicate mechanism is handled commands admiration. — Morning Post.
"In this book all the notable qualities that have made Miss Harraden's reputation are
found in abundance. The girl is one of the most delightful creations in the entire range of
fiction." — Manchester Courier.
THIRD EDITION.
THE PORTREEVE. By Eden PniLLrorrs, Author of 'The
Secret Woman.' With a Frontispiece by A. B. COLLIER. Crown Svo, 6s.
"Once more Mr. Phillpotta lias depicted exceptional characters motived by the
stronger emotions, the passions that give occasion for episodes dramatic."
Pa Hi/ Chronicle.
SECOND EDITION.
THE MAYOR OF TROY. By " Q " (A. T. Quiller - Couch),
Author of ' Hetty Wesley,' ' Dead Man's Rock,' Ac. Crown Svo, (is.
"It is a merry story, rich witli the fragrance of the sea, and overflowing with the
quaint humours of an earlier day." — Daily News.
"All Mr. Qniller-Couch'a Literary qualities are present here, and all at their highest."
Daily Chronicle.
DURHAM'S FARM. By C. C. Yeldham. Crown 8\o, 6s.
METHUEN'S STANDARD LIBRARY Is held by the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Prime Minister, and other high
dignitaries in Church and State to render a high service to the community by placing good literature within the reach of everybody. The
New Volumes are : -Plato's REPUBLIC, THE SERIOUS CALL, CRANF0RD, THE LITTLE FLOWERS OF ST. FRANCIS,
Burns's POEMS, THE ANALOGY OF RELIGION, White's SELB0RNE, and Sir Thomas Browne's RELIGI0 MEDICI and
URN BURIAL.
THE NOVELS OF ALEXANDRE DUMAS. In Sixpenny Volumes.— HENRI OF NAVARRE (the Second Part
of QUEEN MARG0T).
MESSRS. METHUEN'S New Illustrated Announcement List and Quarterly Bulletin are sent free to any address.
METHUEN & CO. 36, Essex Street, Strand, W.C.
536
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4097, May 5, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NEW BOOKS.
SECOND EDITION.
MEMORIALS OF
EDWARD BURNE-JONES.
By G. B.-J. With 41 Photogravures and other Illustrations.
Second Edition. 2 vols. Svo, gilt top, 30s. net. [Tuesday.
LORD CURZON IN INDIA.
Being a Selection from his Speeches as Viceroy and Governor-
Oeneral of India, 1S!)8-1905. With a Portrait, Explanatory
Notes, and an Index, and with an Introduction by Sir
THOMAS RALEIGH, K.C.S.I. 8vo, 12*. net.
MEMOIRS OF
ARCHBISHOP TEMPLE.
By SEVEN FRIENDS. Edited by E. G. SANDEORD,
Archdeacon of Exeter. With Photogravure and other
Illustrations. In 2 vols. 8vo, 36s. net.
HENRY SIDGWICK: a Memoir.
By A. S. and E. M. S. With Portraits. 8vo, 12s. 6d. net
A HISTORY OF
ENGLISH PROSODY
From the Twelfth Century to the Present Day.
By GEORGE SAINTSBURY, M.A. Hon.LL.D., Professor
of Rhetoric and English Literature in the University of
Edinburgh. 3 vols. 8vo. Vol. I. FROM THE ORIGINS
TO SPENSER. 10«. net.
A HANDBOOK OF
BRITISH INLAND BIRDS.
By ANTHONY COLLETT. With Coloured and Outline
Plates of Eggs by ERIC PARKER. Crown Svo, 6s.
POCKET TENNYSON.
TENNYSON'S
COMPLETE WORKS.
In 5 vols. Fcap. 8vo, limp cloth, 2s. net ; limp leather,
3«. net.
YOL. I. JUYENILIA AND ENGLISH IDYLS.
VOLUME VII. NOW READY.
A HISTORY OF THE
ENGLISH CHURCH.
Vol. VII. From the Accession of George I. to
theEnd of the Eighteenth Century (] 714-1800).
By the late Rev. Canon JOHN H. OVERTON, D.D., and
the Rev. FREDERIC RELTON, K.C. 7«. 6d.
*** Previously published, Vols. I.-VI., 7s. 6d. each.
IDOLA THEATRI.
A Criticism of Oxford Thought and Thinkers from the
standpoint of Personal Idealism. By HENRY STURT.
8vo, 10s. net.
NEW NOYEL BY THE AUTHOR OP
'THE YIRGINIAN.'
LADY BALTIMORE.
By OWEN WISTER. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. 6s.
UNIFORM EDITION OF THE NOVELS OF
CHARLES LEVER.
With all the Original Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 3«. 6d. each.
TOM BURKE OF "OURS."
SECOND EDITION.
THE STANDARD OF LIFE,
AND OTHER REPRINTED ESSAYS.
By HELEN BOSANQUET. 8vo, 8«. 6d. net
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd., London.
Messrs. HURST <& BLACK ETT
announce that MADAME
ALBANESPS New Novel is
now ready at all Booksellers'
and Libraries, in 1 vol. crown
8vo, 6s.
A YOUNG MAN FROM
THE COUNTRY.
BY
MADAME ALBANESI.
THE LATEST FICTION.
EACH AT SIX SHILLINGS.
THE PREY
OF THE STRONGEST.
By MORLEY ROBERTS,
Author of ' Rachel Marr,' &c.
"There are many shrewd and outspoken critics
who would place Mr. Morley Roberts among the
first half-dozen of living English novelists.
"This story is a faithful, unflinching, intimate
picture of a strange cosmopolitan crowd in a new
wild and semi-civilized country. It is in its par-
ticular school absolutely unrivalled." — Standard.
"Mr. JUSTIN HUNTLY McCARTHY has
chosen for the latest manifestation of his high
talent and his fine taste a theme whioh befits
them well.
THE FLOWER OF FRANCE.
(1 vol. 6s.)
tells a noole tale right nobly ; it is that of Joan
' th© Maid,' a story of the might of faith and
patriotism, the sublime devotion of a woman and
the shame of two great States.
" The author has utilized every record of authen-
tic history, and enriched them by his wit, his
glowing imagination, and that poetic dignity of
language, never over ornate, but always harmonious
with its topic, which has distinguished his writings
from the first."
Extract from a Review in the WORLD.
THE BLACK CUIRASSIER
By PHILIP STEVENSON,
Author of ' A Gendarme of the King.'
" A novel far above the average of its kind.
The characters are human beings, and not mere lay
figures." — Daily Express.
"Mr. Stevenson has conveyed with admirable
skill a sense of the shifting and tumultuous camps,
and has given a fine study of the Germany of the
Thirty Years' War." — Tribune.
JIMMY QUIXOTE.
By TOM GALLON.
"Told with great delicacy and thoughtfulness.
All the characters are drawn with sympathy and
with insight." — Standard.
" Its author has given us nothing better since
« Tatterly.' "—Daily Telegraph.
THE TRIUMPHS OF EUGENE
VALM0NT.
By ROBERT BARR.
" Valmont is a detective, he meets with thrilling
adventures." — St. James's Gazette.
" Told with infectious skill and brightness. '
Standard.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
T. FISHER UNWIN'S LI8T.
— ♦—
THE "POPE" OF HOLLAND
HOUSE. Edited by LADY SEYMOUR
With a Biographical Introduction and Supple-
mentary Chapter by W. P. COURTNEY.
Illustrated. Demy 8vo, 10s. C>d. net.
This book contains unpublished letters to John
Whishaw from Sydney Smith, Maria Edgeworth,
Hallam, Sismondi, Dr. Holland, Sir James Mac-
intosh, Lady Holland, and others. These, with
Whishaw's own letters, are full of gossip about
Napoleon, Wellington, Byron, Scott, and others,
about the politics, and all the important events of
the time.
SPORT AND TRAVEL: Abyssinia
and British East Africa. By LORD H1XD-
LIP, F.R.G.S. F.Z.S. With Maps and more
than 70 Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 21s. net.
" Three separate journeys, undertaken chiefly
for purposes of sport, are described in this in-
teresting book of travel The work is at every
step illustrated by interesting photographic pic-
tures, which exhibit the characteristics of the
scenery and the natives. It gives in an appendix
a reprint from its author's book on British East
Africa on game preservation in the protectorate."
Scotsman.
HAECKEL: HIS LIFE AND WORK.
By WILHELM BOLSCHE. With a Coloured
Frontispiece and 12 other Illustrations. Demy
Svo, 15s. net.
" Prof. Bcilsche's admirable biograph}' places
before us a graphic picture of his countryman,
Prof. Haeckel, the charm of his personality, his
marvellous powers of detailed work, his keen
aesthetic sensibility, his imaginative grasp of
broad principles, his constant endeavour to render
systematic the whole field of scientific knowledge
within which his own brilliant researches were
only subsidiary facters, his Huxleyan combative-
ness, combined with the conviction that he fights
on the right side in the cause of truth." — Tribune.
FIRE AND SWORD IN THE
CAUCASUS. By LUIGI VILLARI, Author
of ' Russia under the Great Shadow,' ' Italian
Life in Town and Country,' &c. Illustrated.
Demy 8vo, 10s. 6rf. net.
Mr. Villari has just returned from the scene of
the recent outbreaks. This book gives a vivid
description of the state of things prevailing in the
country. It is illustrated by many original photo-
graphs.
ARISTOTLE'S THEORY OF
CONDUCT. By THOMAS MARSHALL,
M.A. 21s. net.
" A brightly written and popular exposition of
the Aristotelian ethics. It is well arranged,
straightforward, and conscientious." — Daily News.
DISESTABLISHMENT IN
FRANCE. By PAUL SABATIER. Crown
8vo, 3s. 6d. net.
Deals with the causes of the separation and witli
its probable effects on French Catholicism.
THE ANGLO-SAXON: a Study in
Evolution. By GEORGE E. BOXALL.
Crown 8vo, ">-'.
"Mr. George E. Boxall has written a work of
genuine merit and interest in ' The Anglo-Saxon.'
Altogether this is a work of peculiar fascination."
Sunday Special.
NOTABLE NOVELS.
THE DREAM AND THE BUSINESS.
By JOHN OLIVER HOBBES. 6s.
[In preparation.
DIVORCE.
By PAUL BOURGET. 6s. [Xew Edition.
CECILIA'S LOVERS.
By AMELIA E. BARR. [Just published.
London: T. FISHER UNWIN, 1, Adelphi Tarrace.
N°4097, May 5, 1906
THE ATHENilUM
537
SATURDAY, MAY 5, 1906.
539
540
-542
CONTMNT8.
PAGE
Mrs. Montagu, the Queen or the Blue-Stockings 537
A History ok Modern Liberty 538
The Victoria Histories of Lancashire and
Worcestershire
Lever's Life in his Letters
New Novels (Mr. John Strooil ; The Face of Clay ;
Out of Due Time ; The Sphinx's Lawyer ; The
Light ; Rouge ; The Count at Harvard) . . 541-
Two Books on Spain 542
Our LIBRARY Table (Studies in Socialism; Paix
Japonaise ; Wordsworth's Guide to the Lakes ;
The Great Forest of Brecknock ; The Story of
Cambridge ; Pocket Tennyson ; New Editions and
Reprints ; Whisperings from the Great ; The
Clergv List ; The May Bee ; The Yachting-
Monthly) 543—544
List of New Books 544
Notes from Dublin ; some Unpublished Letters
of Charles Lamb ; Commander J. F. Hodgetts ;
The study of English; Hunting the "Sela-
dang"; "That Two-handed Engine at the
Door;" A Life of Eclipse; Sale .. 545—547
Literary Gossip 547
Science— The Transition in Agriculture ; The
Dissociation of a Personality ; Exposition
de la Societe Franchise de Physique ;
Societies; Meetings Next Week; Gossip 548—550
Fine Arts— Medi.eval Rhodesia ; Impressions of
Japanese Architecture ; The Royal Academy ;
The Rokeby Velazquez ; Sales ; Gossip 551—554
Music— Joachim Concerts ; Bach Memorial Con-
cert ; Philharmonic Concert; Gossip; Per-
formances Next Week 554—555
Drama— Gossip 555
Index to Advertisers 556
LITERATURE
Elizabeth Montagu, the Queen of the Blue-
Stockings : her Correspondence from
1720 to 1761. By her Great-great-
niece, Emily J. Climenson. 2 vols.
Illustrated. (John Murray.)
In 1899 Mrs. Climenson came into posses-
sion of sixty-eight cases (each holding
from a hundred to a hundred and fifty
letters) of Mrs. Montagu's manuscripts.
" An enormous quantity " of these docu-
ments were undated, and one entire winter
was devoted to chronological arrangement
alone. Some of them had been dealt
with by Lord Rokeby (Mrs. Montagu's
nephew, and the present editor's grand-
father), who printed four volumes in 1810
and 1813 ; but some mistakes, which are
here rectified, seem to have been made
by him in the dating. In the present
publication very few letters of Mrs.
Montagu are printed entire ; but, on the
other hand, portions of her correspond-
ents' communications are included, and
in a few cases complete letters to her are
printed. Dr. Doran drew upon a little of
the published correspondence in a book
which appeared upwards of thirty years
ago ; but the main part of his work dealt
with Mrs. Montagu's later Life, whilst the
two volumes before us conclude at a date
nearly forty years before her death.
So far as the chronological arrangement
is concerned we have found no reason to
question the results of the editor's labours,
although we must confess to having been
puzzled by one thing. A letter addressed
to Swift's friend " Mrs." Anne Donnellan
is dated (and apparently correctly) "Jan. 1,
1742," and the date is treated as that of
the first day of the year, although the
Parliamentary alteration of the calendar
was still ten years distant. This looks
as if not only her editor, but also Mrs.
Montagu herself, had already adopted
the New Style ; for August 5th, 1742,
was the undoubted date when the writer
of the letter (then Elizabeth Robinson)
was married to Edward Montagu.
Elizabeth Robinson was the fourth of
a large family, no fewer than four of whom
besides herself have obtained places in
the ' Dictionary of National Biography.'
Her eldest brother, who succeeded to the
Irish barony of Rokeby, and died in the
same year as herself, was a man of some
ability, and excited the curiosity of his
contemporaries by his devotion to the
cult of natural living. Rokeby had been
sold to the Morritts before he succeeded
his cousin, the proud Archbishop of
Armagh, in the title. As to Thomas,
the second brother, who wrote a treatise
upon the ' Common Law of Kent,' Mrs.
Climenson appears to have ample ground
for correcting the statement in the standard
book of reference above quoted that he
was never called to the Bar. The third
brother whose name occurs in the national
record, Gray's friend " the Reverend
Billy," seems to have been something of
a hypochrondriac. A sister, Sarah, who
made an unhappy marriage with George
Lewis Scott, sometime sub-preceptor to
George III. when Prince of Wales, besides
writing a life of Agrippa d'Aubigne, was
one of the early novelists. Her ' Mil-
lenium Hall, by a Gentleman on his
Travels,' appeared as early as 1762, two
years before ' The Castle of Otranto.'
A pedigree of the Robinson family is
provided for those interested.
Before quitting family matters, we
would express a doubt as to there being
any authority for calling the first Lord
Grantham (Thomas Robinson) " Short
Sir Thomas," as does our editor. His
namesake, Sir Thomas of Rokeby, the
best anecdotes about whom are collected
in an appendix to the present work, was
generally known as " The Long," to dis-
tinguish him from his contemporary.
Mrs. Montagu had both wit and
beauty, and combined with them good
sense and amiability. She was religious,
but no bigot ; chaste, but no prude.
Much sought after for her social
qualities, she was no despiser of domes-
ticity ; her letters to her husband — an
excellent but somewhat uninteresting
member of Parliament, many years her
senior — are almost comically submissive.
He was a connexion of the Sandwich
family, and very well-to-do. She had
preferred him to younger admirers and
he never seems to have manifested the
faintest jealousy of the attentions shown to
his wife by the old Lord Bath (Pulteney)
the elderly physician Dr. Messenger
Monsey, and the middle-aged orator-
author Lord Lyttelton, a trio who pro-
fessed to carry on a sort of innocent
rivalry for her favour, addressing her as
" Madonna."
As an author Mrs. Montagu, except as
the anonymous composer of three of
Lyttelton's ' Dialogues of the Dead,' does
not as yet appear ; but she had already
begun to shine as conversationalist, and
critic (in manuscript) both of books and
manners. She expresses her indignation
to her friend " Mrs." Carter at the way
in which Ladies crowded to the House of
Lords in 1760 to see Lord Ferrers receive
his death sentence. In giving her sister
an account of the celebrated Ranelagh
masquerade (nine years earlier), in which
she herself figured as Henrietta Maria,
she contents herself with terming Miss
Chudleigh's Iphigeneia costume " remark-
able " and affording facilities for the High
Priest to " inspect the entrails of the
victim " ; though she adds : " The Maids
of Honour, not of maids the strictest, were
so offended they would not speak to her."
Mrs. Montagu was an enthusiastic
dancer up to middle life ; but she had
strong objections to cards, and invented
" rational conversation " to escape from
them. In a letter at the end of 1739
she writes bitterly of people who prefer
the company of Spadille (then a fashion-
able game of cards) to that of their best
friends ; and a year later laments, half-
humorously, to her sister "that sentences,
systems, and definitions should give way
to cribbage." But in these early days
the future Queen of the Blue-Stockings
was sometimes constrained to play the
latter game with exigent duchesses.
Her literary criticisms usually show
the full measure of eighteenth-century
sobriety, but are sometimes rather caustic.
" I never knew anything of Thomson's
that seemed to be wrote, or could be read,
without great labour of the brain," is a
stupidly severe judgment upon the poet of
'The Seasons.' On the other hand, many
readers of to-day will concur with her in
thinking ' Sir Charles Grandison ' " too
fine spun," and its author's " great fault "
that " there is too much of everything."
However, Mrs. Montagu found in the
work of Richardson just mentioned a
" tediousness " which gave her " an
eagerness to go on," and " a lovesick
madness " that she thought " extremely
fine and touching."
She had a great regard for the author
of ' Night Thoughts,' several of whose
letters figure in Mrs. Climenson's volumes.
A description of a ride in Young's company
to Tunbridge in 1745, to see the ruins of
the Castle, is probably the best thing con-
tained in them : —
" First rode the Doctor on a tall steed,
decently caparizoned in grey ; next ambled
Mrs. Rolt on a hackney horse lean as the
famed Rosinante, but in shape much resem-
bling Sancho's ass ; then followed your
humble servant on a milk-white Palfrey,
whose reverence for the human kind indueed
him to be governed by a creature half aa
strong and I fear scarce thrice as wise aa
himself. Of the two figures that brought up
the rear, the first was my servant valiantly
armed with two uncharged pistols, whose
holsters wore covered with two civil harmless
monsters that signified the valour and
courtesy of our ancestors. The last was
the Doctor's man, whose uncombed hair so
resembled the mane of the horse he rode on,
one could not help imagining they wero of
him. . . .On his head was a velvet cap much
resembling a saucepan, and on his side hung
a littlo basket."
538
Til E ATH KX/KUM
X"4097, May :,, UK>6
Then- is imi -li more in tin- tame style,
including ■ telling portrait of the Parson
of Tunbridge, who entertained tin- party
and showed them his ohuroh; also an
..urit ef the ride back, w hen " night
silenced all but our 1 >i \ in- Doctor," with
this quaint result : —
" I followed gathering wisdom as I «.ni,
till 1 found l>y my horse's stumbling that I
was in a l>a<l road and that the blind was
leading the blind: so I placed my servant
between the Doctor and myself, whioh he
not perceiving went on in a most philosophical
strain to the great amazement of my poor
tlown of a servant, who not being brought
\i I > to any pitch of enthusiasm, nor making
answer t<> any of the fine things lie heard,
thi> Doctor wondering 1 was dumb and
grieving I was BO stupid, looked round,
declare 1 his surprise, and desired the man
to trot On before."
A still more famous Doctor, as readers of
Boswell's masterpiece will recollect, ap-
preciated the talents of Mrs. Montagu.
She quarrelled with Johnson on account
of his ' Life of Lord Lyttelton,' and he
complained at the age of seventy-two that
'Mrs. Montagu has dropped me."
Mrs. Montagu saw much of Pitt in the
years when he was making his name as a
commoner ; and he seems to have esteemed
her highly. He bought her house at Hayes.
Latterly their relations must have been
less intimate, on account of the estrange-
ment between him and his cousin Lord
Lyttelton, who wrote to Mrs. Montagu
a very bitter letter concerning Pitt's
resignation in 1761.
A long letter from Mrs. Montagu to
Lyttelton's son, then an undergraduate
at Oxford, contains some good things ;
but this, and other similar effusions, did not
prevent his becoming known to fame as
" the wicked Lord."
Besides communications upon Mac-
pherson's Ossian (in whose authenticity
Mrs. Montagu was at first inclined to
believe) from the " good " Lord Lyttelton,
and on various subjects from the aged
and moribund Bishop Sherlock, there are
printed in these volumes some curious
notes from Sterne and his wife (a connexion
by marriage of Mrs. Montagu) ; an epistle
from Chesterfield to Lyttelton, denouncing
Charles XII. of Sweden (" I would fain
have homicide no longer reckoned as
hitherto it has been, a title to Heroism ") ;
an appeal for charity from Johnson ; and
an interesting letter from Burke (whose
early works Mrs. Montagu criticizes favour-
ably), in which he asks her advice (in 1759)
about applying for the consulship at
Madrid, and solicits a letter from her to
Pitt's sister. Burke states that his interest
is weak : " I have not at all the honour
of being known to Mr. Pitt, nor much to
any of his close connections." Mrs.
Montagu seems to have been unable to
help him : another note acquiesces in her
decision.
Perhaps the most notable testimony to
Mrs. Montagu's character is a memorandum
left with her (two teardrops mark the paper)
by Sterne, when he went south for his
health in 1761. This document (now
printed, we believe, for the first time)
states that he had made his will, and gives
its purport, espe iall} regarding bis literary
property. I leave tin- in the hand- ..f
our < '"-in Mrs. Montagu not I the
is inn Cosin hut beoau e I am sure the
has a good heart," writes the prince of
sent inientah
Mrs. ClimenSOD has annotated hei
with great diligence, and generally with
accuracy. So careful a student of the
peerage should, however, haw mentioned
that Horace W'alpole (once called "Sir
Horace") died Marl of Orford, and that
Miss Chudleigh'fl first husband was an
earl, not a viscount. Duke of " Queens-
borOUgh," San Grado," and "A. Alli-
son" are obvious slips; "St. Evremont
and " Ceorge Stevens " (the Shakspearean
commentator) are unusual Bpellii
Some of the notes are too vague (e.g., Bishop
Berkeley — "celebrated divine and author")
to be useful ; others, like that on L<
(i. 231), are so loosely worded as to mislead.
Two notable omissions concern Made-
moiselle Stuart (" la belle Stuart ") and
Joe Miller, who has no real title to his
jests. Two of the editor's conjectures are
far from happy. There is certainly no
' Lion Song ' in ' The Messiah ' : the opera
referred to as " new " is probably a revival
of ' Ariadne,' in which an aria 4i Qual
Leon " occurs. What led Mrs. Climenson
to conjecture that Churchill was the
" scholar of St. John's who has admitted
himself of the playhouse," and '* does not
regret his being expelled the University "
(1753), we cannot tell. The book has
handsome covers, and some admirably
reproduced illustrations. Though con-
taining a variety of readable matter, we
think it might with advantage have been
shortened bj' the excision of much domestic
detail which is not of general interest.
A History of Modem Liberty. By James
Mackinnon. 2 vols. (Longmans & Co.)
" By liberty I mean," said the late Lord
Acton, " the assurance that every man
shall be protected in doing what he believes
to be his duty against the influence of
authority and majorities, custom and
opinion." The historian of liberty thus
defined need not be encumbered by the
mass of his material, for look where he
may, he will not find it. It was the history
of liberty as " an idea with two hundred
definitions," with a wealth of interpreta-
tion which " has caused more bloodshed
than anything except theology," that
overwhelmed Acton. Even he admitted
that if we confine inquiry to a freedom
" sought deliberately " we may begin
with recent times. A history of slavery,
of conscience, of religion, heresy, tolerance.
of morality, law, philosophy, reason, of
economics, of public opinion and public
expression of private opinion, of resist-
ance, passive and active, of the doctrine of
majorities and of representation, of corpo-
rations and of organized groups of men.
of the relations of men and women, and
countless other histories were included in
the all-embracing arms of his '' Madonna
of the Future."
Dr. Mackinnon ex] . I
!" • :, .ii \, ■ D !. f< .i i .-. |
upon hi- II tory of Liberty,1 and had
dy completed t he -•• sond volui
when he learnt ti . ton had
cherished a scheme foi writii
iry under that tith-. He modestly
declares that he cannot hope I
Acton's erudition "in tin- special field,"
and courageously adheres .to his title.
Thai the title j- good none will deny,
if titles may be judged apart from
the question of their appropriateni
The appropriate word i- not specially
characteristic of tie for amoi
the writer's flowers of Bpeech we find " I
fact of social comatose," a "seethe" of
anarchy, and the " thralls " of tradition,
and we are in consequence un< ertain on
the question whether the " aegis of chaos "
is a misprint or not. It would be hyper-
critical, then, to quarrel with the title,
and indeed the discursive and scheme!'
character of the book must have made it
hard to find one that was suitable.
The first volume con-i-N of chapters
chiefly on the governmental institutions of
the countries that once formed the Western
Roman Empire ; the second consists of
chapters on the course of the Reformation
in England and Scotland, France and
Germany, with a brief chapter of twelve
pages on Spain in the fifteenth and six-
teenth centuries. A single chapter on
mediaeval political thought " in relation
to liberty," which closes the first volume,
is balanced in the second by one on the
writers on political theory in the sixteenth
century. For the rest, the strict adher-
ence to geographical divisions forbids an
international and comparative treatment,
and no continuity of subject or idea is
maintained.
The second volume is strangely silent
on the changes that took place in the
character of the political assemblies and
municipal institutions to which the first
i* devoted. The first is as strangely
silent on the various forms of heresy in
the early Middle Ages, and on the begin-
nings of the Inquisition— subjects which
call for some inquiry, regard being had
to the place they occupy in the second
volume. None of those guiding clues
are offered which persuade the reader
that the facts presented are relevant to a
main theme, and not brought together
as a merely haphazard and arbitrary
selection from the subjects of the author's
reading. His reading has been extensive,
and his range commands respect in these
days, when the number of English his-
torians who read widely is not large.
Curiously enough, his English history ■
not his strongest point. It is grievous to
find that one who numbers Prof. Maitland
among his authorities values no less highly
the opinion of Travels Twiss on Anglo-
Saxon law. and quotes him to prove that
the Anglo-Saxons " paid tribute more or
le~;s " to the jurisprudence of Rome.
St. Aldhelm's letter addressed to "the
Venerable Bede " (Twiss meant Hedda)
is the proof, and a reference to the study
of Roman law at York substantiates it.
This second piece of evidence resolves
N° 4097, May 5, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
539
itself upon inspection into what is possibly
an allusion to the study of the Old Testa-
ment : —
Maxime scripturaj pandens raysteria sacrne,
Nam rudis et veteris legi3 patefecit abyssum.
But after all the Anglo-Saxon laws are
still extant, and it is to them rather than
to the literary studies of the time that we
look for proof. On " folk or public land "
Dr. Mackinnon's teaching is that of the
past generation, though authorities are
cited who might have warned him that
the old view is now rejected. If Stubbs
caused the error here, it was not Stubbs
who wrote of the Witenagemot : —
" It declares war or peace. It disposes of
the army and fleet. It fills all high offices
in Church and State."
The use of the historic present is cha-
racteristic.
An historian of liberty needs not so
much the knowledge that would enable
him to avoid the sort of commonplace
which is, perhaps, unassailable, but seems
charged with erroneous suggestion, as the
instinctive sound judgment which would
make such sentences impossible. It seems
scarcely necessary to be armed with refer-
ences to Wilda, Von Maurer, Arnold,
Heusler, Nitzsch, Hegel, Sohm, Gierke,
Pirenne, Von Below, to produce sentences
thoughtful as the following : —
" It is therefore futile to grope about in
tho earlier Middle Ages for the origins of
municipal institutions in Germany as else-
where. Its [sic] conditions are not there.
There is no spirit of self-assertion in these
serfish centuries."
Feudal society is regarded by the author as
composed of a " mass " almost wholly
" serfish " (a favourite word) and a "caste"
so despotic that the " mass " had no
liberty and no rights — an arrangement
which had the merit, at least, of extreme
simplicity. As the organization of society
in the sixteenth century is not discussed
as a whole, the reader may be at a
loss to understand the absence of allusion
to " serfishness " in the second volume.
Attention is concentrated here on the
progress of the Protestant Reformation,
especially in Scotland ; and the same
want of a well-considered scheme is be-
trayed in the topics chosen for omission
or detailed narrative. The existence of
a " Counter-Reformation " and the dis-
cussions at the Council of Trent pass
without notice ; Italy, admitted to a
place in the first volume, is omitted
(Machiavelli excepted) from the second,
whilst the facts of Knox's biography are
traced out with considerable circumstance.
The whole book strikes us as a work
of hasty compilation ; but the facts are
derived from a large number of good
sources, and are such as have not before
been brought together within the covers
of a work issued by a single writer. The
rough vigour of the style has power
to carry the reader along. The hum-
blest counterfeit Madonna ha3 her uses,
and we would fain treat with respect the
thing that purports to be great. We have
read this history with a growing sense of dis-
appointment, not so much on the ground
of its failure to fulfil high pretensions —
and to call a history of liberty inadequate
would be the praise of the faintest of
damns —as because it is obvious that had
the writer been willing to use more care
and restraint, he could have produced a
better book, for he has zeal and industry,
a wide range of interest and knowledge,
ambition and ability. His materials
would have sufficed if he had mixed with
his work of collection a larger measure of
thought, and had realized that there is
more dignity in resolved limitation than
in a purposeless comprehensiveness. Dr.
Mackinnon's two volumes form, we ima-
gine, the first instalment of a history of
liberty in many volumes. The present
work ends at the close of the sixteenth
century without summary and without
farewell.
THE VICTORIA COUNTY HISTORIES.
Lancashire. Vol. I. — Worcestershire.
Vol. II. (Constable & Co.)
The pace at which these volumes are being
issued is now being much accelerated.
The last two that have reached us are the
first of the seven volumes assigned to
Lancashire, and the second of the four
to treat of Worcestershire.
The Lancashire volumes are under the
editorship of Mr. William Farrer and Mr.
J. Brownbill. Mr. Farrer has long been
known as an assiduous and scholarly
collector of all that pertains to the
history of the County Palatine, To this
volume he contributes substantial material
of primary importance in the shape of
treatises on the Domesday Survey and
the ' Feudal Baronage.' Lancashire as a
county has no place in the Domesday
Book ; but the component parts occur
in the returns of two other counties.
When the surveywas compiled, the southern
half of what is now known as Lancashire
was included under Cheshire, whilst the
northern portion appears under Yorkshire.
These disconnected returns are far briefer
and less detailed than those for the greater
part of England ; but in Mr. Farrer's
competent hands they are made to yield
an interesting general picture of the state
of those regions at the time of the Conquest:
" One important feature which presents
itself at the outset of our examination of
this record is that we have to deal with
regions upon the borderland of the ancient
kingdoms of Mercia, Northumbria, and
Cumbria, possessing all tho unstablo cha-
racteristics of debatable lands subject to
conquest and colonization by the ruler of
any ono of these three principalities, followed
by reconquost and recolonization, perhaps
often repeated. This position of insecurity
and instability was further accentuated by
tho opportunity for foreign invasion afforded
by the long, irregular coastline with its bays
and estuaries, extending from tho 1 hidden
to the Mersey : opportunity which the
occurrence of many old place-names along
the coast, and even inland, shows was
abundantly seized by tho roving bands of
Danes and Norsemen who infested the
liish sea during the century preceding the
Norman invasion."
The section of about a hundred pages
on ' Feudal Baronage ' is an admirable
piece of work, thorough and masterly.
It is prefaced by a brief, but graphic
account of the Domesday fief of Roger of
Poitou becoming the main constituent of
the honour of Lancaster, which extended
into eight counties, as well as embracing
the whole of what is now Lancashire.
A coloured map showing the different
baronies into which the county was
divided is a great help. This chapter forms a
striking introduction to the due under-
standing of a complex history.
Two other well-illustrated articles, both
b}' Mr. Gars tang, deal appropriately with
' Early Man ' and with ' Anglo-Saxon
Remains.' The rest of the volume is
devoted to natural history. Space pro-
hibits more than a brief reference to the
sections on birds and mammals, which
are the work of Dr. H. 0. Forbes. In
bird life Lancashire, with its extensive
seaboard indented with estuaries, and its
great diversity of mountain and plain,
as well as of wood, river, and lake, is
naturally rich. Among the rare visitors
to Walney Island, Duddon Sands, and
Morecambe occur the barnacle goose, the
scaup, the red -breasted merganser, the
avocet, the whimbrel, and the eared grebe.
At times of migration and in severe winter
weather these sands form an inexhaustible
feeding-ground for thousands of ducks,
geese, swans, curlews, and dunlins. The
total list of Lancashire birds is 269, whilst
the total of British species is only -103.
Out of the Lancashire total, 136 nest in the
county as residents or as summer visitors.
An excellent feature of Dr. Forbes's brief
comments on the birds of the county is
the inclusion of local names, a feature
which is omitted by several contributors
to the opening volumes of other counties
of this series. About seventy of the species
have local names assigned to them. Among
the more interesting and unusual are
aberdevine for the siskin, devil-skirler for
the swift, heyhough for the green wood-
pecker, heather-bleat for the snipe, and
coulterneb for the puffin. To these might
have been added wet-me-feet for the quail,
which is common in some parts of Lanca-
shire. Sea-pie is given as a local name for
the oyster-catcher ; but should it not
have been seapyat ? It would have been
interesting to have the origin of these bird
nicknames explained.
In the account of the mammals there
is one unexpected and somewhat melan-
choly bit of information, " The charming
diminutive harvest - mouse," says Dr.
Forbes, "whose grass-ball nest filled with
tiny young was ever the delight of the
old-timo scythe-man, has been all but
exterminated by the modern reaping
machine." A great deal of interesting
and novel Information as to the red and
fallow deer of the county in old days is
to be found in the stores of the Record
Office ; but use will probably be made of
this in another volume under forestry.
One piece of information in this section
is startling. We scarcely like to throw
discredit on it, as Dr. Forbes wovdd
hardly have inserted it without somo
540
THE AT II EN.EUH
NMii!*;. May 5, L9O0
trustworthy authority ; hut in such I I
the authority oui'lit certainly to have been
given. It [fl stated t hut "' tin- wolf, whose
lair iraa among the craga of tin- Pennine*
and the Fells, was only finally exterminated
in the seventeenth century. " The l.i i
wolf «;h hilled in Scotland in 174S, and
the last in Ireland in 1 7 7 < » : hut the be I
authorities (such as Mr. Halting and
Lydekker) consider that the last wolves
seen anywhere in England were in
Henry VII. 's reign, and even that date
LB thought tOO late by other competent
Eoologists.
The second volume of the history of the
county of Worcester treats at length of
the general ecclesiastical history and of
the particular religious houses, of early
Christian art (excellently explained and
illustrated by Mr. Romilly Allen), of
political and military history, of industries
{the respective subjects being admirable
pieces of condensed information) and
agriculture, of forestry (which is somewhat
insufficient), and of sports ancient and
modern. In addition to all this, the
last hundred pages are devoted to topo-
graphy, the Blaekenhurst Hundred having
been chosen for a beginning.
The story of the religious houses is told
by two ladies — Miss M. M. C. Calthrop, and
Miss A. A. Locke of the Oxford Honours
School of Modern History ; and both
show that they are well qualified for
the work they have undertaken. Although
the Cluniacs, the Cistercians, and the
Premonstratensians had each a house
in this comparatively small county, the
Benedictines were the dominant factor
in its monastic life. They had important
houses at Worcester, Pershore, Great and
Little Malvern, and above all at Evesham.
A remarkable feature of this survey of the
conventual life of Worcestershire is the
absence of even a single house of Austin
Canons, which is hardly the case with any
other English county. The ecclesiastical
map and the accompanying list do not
show any example of this widespread
rule. There was, however, one small
house of Black Canons founded at Dodford
in the time of Henry II., which was incor-
porated with the abbey of the White
Canons of Hales Owen in 1332. A para-
graph about it is given in the account of
Hales Owen ; but even if it was not con-
sidered sufficiently important to have a
sub-heading, it certainly ought to have
been marked on the map.
The accounts of the Cathedral Priory
of Worcester and of the Abbey of Evesham
are excellent, and the amount of fresh
information supplied is in both cases
remarkable. The story of the great Abbey
of Evesham — one of the most noteworthy
foundations in all England — is told so well
in fifteen double-columned folio pages by
Miss Locke, that we wish she had had
double the space. Fact after fact is
set forth as to the abbey's struggles to
maintain its proud pre - eminence ; and
so many touches are supplied, in aptly
chosen phrases, of its inner life and ad-
ministration, that the article may be
regarded as a model for future writers on
important houses, where the materials (as
in this ea-c: arc considerable. It is
> < i tainly the best notice of any r * ■ 1 i l' i
house thai hai \ct appeared in the Vic«
toiia ( 'ounty llistor\ ."
Another lady has to he thanked for
the excellent beginning that has been
made frith the topography of Worcester*
shire, for the contents h-t Btatei that the
general descript ions and manorial descents
have been prepared by Mrs. M. .1. Curtis.
Mr. C. B. Peers has written the archi-
tectural descriptions of the chinches and
of the remains of ESveeham Abbey with
much care and clearness. The Hundred
of BLackenhurst includes twelve parishes,
in addition to the parish and borough of
Evesham. Thoroughness is the par-
ticular mark of all of this parochial
history, as is shown by the remarkable
number of foot-notes. The research in-
volved in the manorial descent must have
been prodigious ; it can only be appre-
ciated by the few who have made similar
attempts for a single parish. The illus-
trations, too, both in letterpress and on
separate plates, are as numerous as they
are good.
Charles Lever : his Life in hie Letters. By
Edmund Dowrney. With Portraits.
2 vols. (Blackwood & Sons.)
Readers of ' Harry Lorrequer ' and
' Charles O'Malley ' naturally wish to
know if the author of these delightful
stories was at all like his dashing heroes
— if he was as gay in his life and talk as
he was in his books. At his best, he might
have been taken for one of his handsome,
adventurous, happy-go-lucky gentlemen.
He did not drink the extraordinary amount
that they did, but he leapt his horse over
an interposed cart, like Charles O'Malley,
and rivalled the feats of Frank Webber
in Dublin as an itinerant singer of ballads,
once making thirty shillings in coppers ;
he talked well and gaily, even took opium
to make the gaiety more marked ; and
he held convivial revels like the Monks
of the Screw. But advancing years, in
which the hero of fiction is left with the
bride of his choice — presumably to " five
happy ever afterwards " — hardly bear
out these smooth presages for the actual
man. The payment of bills — a pastime
to which authors are often indifferent —
becomes of importance. Lever, as we
said when reviewing Dr. Fitzpatrick's
' Life ' of him in 1879, existed only to
bewilder and dazzle. His vanity was a
part of his being ; he was hopelessly ready
to live in the present and forget the future.
Some autobiographical prefaces to his
earlier stories (which are reprinted at the
end of this book, though by no means novel)
include the assurance, which we can well
believe, that when Lever wrote ' Charles
O'Malley ' he had
" an amount of spring in my temperament,
and a power of enjoying lifo, which I can
honestly say I never found surpassed. The
world had for me all the interest of an admir-
able comedy, in which the part allotted to
myself, if not a high or a foreground one,
was eminently suited to my taste, and
brought me, besides, sufficiently often on the
enable me to follow all the fortune*
of tin- piece. Brunw4s ( \s li«-r<- I waH t
living) was adorned al tin- period with most
sable English society. Some header* of
tin- fashionable world of London had <
then- to refit and recruit, both in body and
• ■state."
Thi- passage sufficiently indicates !.<••..
deeiret and ta~t<-^. Hi- residence in
Brussek (1x40-42; with his work as a
doctor afforded him the happieei period
of trie life because it provided boom
disciphn< II - return t<» Ireland to edit
The Dublin University Magazine gave
him ample society; but he mint hfl
been one of the wildest of editoi Ol
" he wishod to get some contribution* for
the Magazine from the Rev. JMuard Johnson,
and in writing to him he not only asked lum
for contributions, but lie invited him to pay
a visit to Templeogue. He addressed t
letter to G. P. R. James, and James answered
to the call. Lever saw no way out of the
difficulty except to arrange with the pro-
digious romancist for a serial story."
Lever spent here 3,000/. a year, though he
had less than half that sum to spend. H<
was a good husband and father ; he was
honest (though his sincerity was some-
times under suspicion from the rapidity
of his conclusions) ; he was kind ; but
he always got through more than he earned,
and the result is a record of perpetual
struggle to meet the claims upon him.
There was a good deal of the theatrical
in his nature (a trait he shared with
Dickens) ; he loved high play at cards and
good wines ; and he felt in early d.
that he had an exhaustless fund of stories
at his command. But his extravagance
led to a growing discontent, which reached
unreasonable proportions. He was in-
capable alike of correcting his proof-
sheets and his indulgences, and grew
embittered, unable to keep friends with
himself, as the " good fellow " is expected
to do.
His political services, which seem to us
rather visionary (he offered to edit an
inspired Tory journal in 1852), were
rewarded by a vice-consulship at Spezzia,
a post created for him by special privilege,
and later by a consulship at Trieste which
brought him 700/. a year. But we find
him proclaiming it a hardship that he
had occasionally to put in an official
appearance at Spezzia, as he lived some-
where else ; and when he got to Trieste,
he grumbled at the lack of society. He
had great shrewdness and an eye for
character, but it is pretty clear that he
had not sufficient self-control to rival the
diplomatists whose abilities he freely
despised. It is a depressing story with
bright momenta : the sense of wasted
opportunities came heavily on the man
who could and did do much for the gaiety
of others.
Lever's 'Life' by Fitzpatrick, referred
to above, is the only one that has been
hitherto attempted. It was an unsatis-
factory affair, unpleasing both to Lever's
relatives and competent critics. In dis-
cussing it we pointed out that Dr. Fitz-
patrick had not used any letters of Lever.
But, confronted with the correspondence
in this book, we cannot say that it amounts
N° 4097, May 5, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
541
to a satisfactory biography, an intimate
revelation of Lever's humours and habits.
Mr. Downey's opening narrative, and his
notes at the bottom of the page are
excellent reading ; but the elaborate
details of bargains with editors and
publishers in the letters are of little
interest to the ordinary public, even if
they are intelligible. Twenty such pas-
sages throw no more light on Lever's
character than one would. As it is, they
give an unfair view of him, and recall
Byron's tirade : —
One hates an author that 's all author — fellows
In foolscap uniforms turned up with ink,
So very anxious, clever, fine, and jealous,
One don't know what to say to them, or think.
Lever, as a matter of fact, loved the
social side of life much better than the
literary. We have not before us the
replies to his complaints about bargains,
or any estimate of the justice of his claims ;
and the endless machinations of M'Glashan,
the publisher of The Dublin University
Magazine, make wearisome reading. We
dare say that Mr. Downey has hardly
thought it fair to reproduce many of Dr.
Fitzpatrick's facts and stories. That is a
laudable attitude, but the result is that
things remain obscure or unexplained.
It does not appear clearly, for instance,
from the text of the correspondence
that, while Lever was writing ' Roland
Cashel ' under his own name in the day-
time, he was busy at night on a much
better anonymous book, ' The Confessions
of Con Cregan,' though the autobiogra-
phical prefaces at the end of the second
volume make this evident.
In that volume there is a considerable
figure, and that is John Blackwood. He
was not long in winning Lever's warm
regard, and he deserved it to the full.
Some of the men of old Maga have
dwindled in public estimation, notably
the blustering Christopher North, whose
animal spirits led him occasionally to do
extraordinary things ; but John Black-
wood stands out (as, indeed, we knew
him from many other sources) as the most
considerate and thoughtful of publishers,
a model friend and man of business.
Lever writes to his intimate, Alexander
Spencer in 1839 : —
" I fear if my letters to you were to rise
up in evidence against me, that my cry,
like that of the horse-leech, would be found
to be one ' Give ! Give.' "
This exhibits the distasteful side of
most of the correspondence here printed.
Blackwood was equal to such occasions,
and gave before the due time ; while his
refusal was so well worded that it did not
hurt. To his good offices Lever owed
much of the comfort of his declining years.
The vanity of authors, as of mothers, is
venial, but Lever's insatiable eagerness
for commendation must have been weari-
some to the most long-suffering of corre-
spondents. He wanted to write humorous
papers on everything and everybody ;
In- was even ready to translate Terence,
though we hope his reference to the
' Adrian ' of that author is due to the
printer only.
With all his talents for social life, Lever
does not seem to have been happy for
long in any place ; nor can we wonder,
knowing the carelessness of his ways.
It was all very well in a corner of Ireland
to take a party to a fancy dress ball in a
furniture van, a hearse, and a mourning
coach ; but on the Continent etiquette
is strict, and departure from rules and
customs a misdemeanour. A friendly
witness said that he was not surprised
" at Lever having been suspected of any-
thing, travelling, as he did, with piebald
ponies, and wife and children with long
flowing hair. The police could not make
out what he was or might not be ; and then
he had that peculiar way of treating officials
that seems to belong to many Irish persons
whom I have known."
He had from an early age wonderful
gifts of improvising and great powers of
persuasion, but he seldom resisted the
temptation to say a smart thing. A
tailor once presented a monstrous bill at
his Florentine house, and in the excite-
ment of argument fell headlong down the
flight of steps in front of it. Lever was
summoned, and accused of causing the
accident by his threatening manner.
" Lever denied that he had done or said
anything which would indicate a possible
assault. The court inquired how could the
defendant account for the panic-stricken
condition of the man. ' On two grounds,'
replied Lever, flippantly ; 'he is a tailor
and a Tuscan.' Needless to say, the Tuscan
court awarded the plaintiff ample damages."
Though there are several amusing
things in the two volumes, including a
good deal of shrewd comment on Italian
politics, they are certainly too long. Mr.
Downey should have cut out many of the
uninteresting letters, and attempted more
narrative of his own, reducing the whole
to one volume. He writes with sense
and good humour, though he ventures
on such odd words as " bibacious "
and " Hiberniose." His additions in
brackets to the text of the letters seem
occasionally unnecessary. He has made
some important corrections of Dr. Fitz-
patrick's statements, and if he had only
given us a critical estimate of Lever's
work in place of the ' Rrefaces ' comprised
in the chapter ' Looking Backward,' and
other reprinted matter, we should have
been glad to recognize the book as a sub-
stantial addition to the biography of Lever.
As it is, it consists of materials for such a
biography, but needs, as we have insisted,
rigorous selection. There is a fair index,
but the proof-reading has not been well
done.
NEW NOVELS.
Mr. John Strood. By Percy White.
(Constable & Co.)
The self-complacent and sententious auto-
biographer who personates the author on
this occasion poses as the biographer of a
young visionary with " one of the most
original minds of our time;" founder of a
" League of the Higher Citizenship,"
who might have " become a vital force "
if he had, says the narrator, "enjoyed the
support of my practical mind." In spite
of the unconscious humour with which
Mr. Strood reveals his little weaknesses,
and confesses his errors and failures, the
story does not come up to Mr. White's
happiest inspirations. There is too much
apology for the autobiographical element,
though there may be a humorous intent
in the passages which seem superfluous,
as we find the would-be Boswell much
more interesting than his hero. Nothing
that the latter is represented as saying
or doing suggests much originality or
vital force, but we are led to believe that
his aim was to enliven the dullness, and
remove the incapacity, of the British
democracy. Four female characters of
the social stratum classed as " higher
middle " or " professional " are cleverly
portrayed, but are too strong-minded to
captivate the average reader ; and a
soupcon of ingenuous youth, by throwing
into higher relief the hero's two Egerias and
the narrator's stepmother and the widow
whom he marries, would have freshened
up the whole work. An unbroken flow
even of witty and humorous satire slightly
tinged with political and social pessimism
is likely to become wearisome. The hero's
equivocal attitude towards " the estab-
lished order of sex- relationship," exem-
plified by his youthful devotion to a
separated wife eight years his senior, is
handled with tact and delicacy.
The Face of Clay. By H. A. Vachell.
(John Murray.)
Mr. Vachell's new novel is saturated with
the Breton atmosphere and traditions. His
heroine is a girl with an English father
and Breton mother, who leaves her French
home at fifteen, in love with a Cornish
artist who is strong, reticent, and somewhat
dark-humoured. She returns ten years
later as a famous singer, ostensibly to
cure a breakdown in her voice, but really
to look for her artist. He meanwhile has
gone wrong in some obscure way, shuns
and is shunned by his neighbours, and
makes nothing of talents acknowledged
to be supreme. He wins, however, his
old love in the end. A Californian artist,
his rival, is not quite a success as a figure
and is accompanied by a laudatory
companion and Boswell of the same
nation. The minor characters are
sharply and neatly sketched. The
mystery of the hero is skilfully con-
nected with a death-mask, " the Face of
Clay " ; and though the main part of it
is clear to the experienced reviewer, Mr.
Vachell has a surprise at the end. The
whole is admirably proportioned, and the
writing is effective and finished. The
author's skill makes us believe in the
rather wild Celtic hero, and the modern
innovation of the woman virtually pro-
posing to the man. Mr. Vachell shows an
occasional tendency to stand outside his
puppets, as if they were not real, which is
disconcerting ; but lus local colour is
excellent, and does not need the corrobora-
tion of the foot-note. Altogether it is a
noteworthy novel by one of our most pro-
mising writers.
542
THE ATIIENjEUM
N°4007, May 5, 1906
OvtofDw Tim*. B3 Mrs. Wilfrid Ward.
(Longman k Co.)
Novbls based on religioua conl rov<
are -till with as. En bet new story .Mrs.
W'ilfiirl Ward offera ber readers a careful
combination of fiction and theological
matter. The interplay of character and
the development oi situations arc secondary
considerations. That the exigencies of
the religious aspect to be brief, the pro-
posal by modern Roman Catholics to limit
or control clerical authority in matters of
thought— form the real motive is obvious.
Hence, in spite of some well-drawn people.
there is a lack of the feeling of the "in-
evitable " which good work in fiction gives
us. Detailed criticism is here impossible ;
besides, of varieties in taste nothing much
can be said with advantage. There are
people who like to take their wine and
tonic at a draught. Others — perhaps
better advised — prefer to keep these (and
certain other things) separate. Religion,
in some aspect and in some measure,
generally creeps of itself into the atmo-
sphere of any complete picture of human
existence. But when its presence is the
deliberate cause of the picture the picture
is apt to lack essential qualities.
By Frank Danby.
The Sphinx's Lawyer.
(Heinemann.)
It appears from the author's dedication
of this book to her brother that he " hates
and loathes " it and its subject. There
will, we think, be many readers who will
fully share his sentiments. There is little
that need be said concerning it, except
that it is a pity that a WTiter of " Frank
Danby's " cleverness should have made
the mistake of writing it. The object of
the book — so far as any object can be
found — is to defend Oscar Wilde, on the
ground that a man of genius, with an un-
fortunate hereditary taint, ought not to be
punished for anything. The author intro-
duces a most unsavoury company. With
the solitary exception of the wife of the
Sphinx's lawyer, there is not a man nor a
woman in the book whom decent people
would care to meet. The hero is an
offensive cad, and the ostensible heroine,
known to her acquaintances as the Sphinx,
is both repulsive and unintelligible. If the
author ever had any clear conception of
the true nature of the Sphinx, she has
failed to impart it to the present reviewer.
The book is devoid of plot, and chiefly
concerned with recording the success of
the hero in making love to other men's
wives. In fact, we think ' The Sphinx's
Lawyer ' a mistake both in its motive and
its manner.
The Light. By Mrs. Harold Gorst. (Cassell
& Co.)
As a title ' The Light ' does not seem par-
ticularly illuminating, though a case of
physical, and another of spiritual blindness
do occur. Mrs. Gorst 's new story is not an
advance on ' This our Sister.' The sense
of form and proportion is even less con-
spicuous, and a certain crude and rather
brutal outlook, suggestive of force
ii. •ut. [netead «•• find more diffuseni
and a fainter show of purpose and indi-
vidual vision. Yet the theme and the
people an- much on the same line- as in
the former book. It t real- of po\ ei t y and
trial, and suggests rather a of snap-
shots than a real narrative of evolving
character, circumstance, and progressive
thought. Such Occupations IS dome-tie
service, letting of lodgings, and laundry -
work are sometimes graphically portrayed.
There is a great deal of dialogue (almost
of dialect), mostly of a strange kind, in
which Cockneys and people " somewheo-
not far from London " make an unnatural
and tedious blend. " You'm," " he'm,"
" she'm," and other variations on the
parts of speech are constantly reiterated.
Those who use them fall short of being
interesting either in conversation or
action.
Rouge. By Haldane Macfall and Dion
Clayton Calthrop. (Brown, Langham
& Co.)
These adventures in London are a frank
imitation of Stevenson's ' New Arabian
Nights.' We are introduced to an Im-
portant Personage, whose safety is always
a matter of anxiety, and a Capt. Purse,
who is a resourceful man of the world,
as protagonists. These two, in search of
adventure, blunder into the machinations
of a Finnish secret societ}' which is at
war with Russian secret-service men.
Rouge, a somewhat melodramatic, red-
haired heroine, provides the love interest.
Much of the book is vieux jeu, but it
affords several excellent thrills, which
amply justify its publication. The writing
is vivid, too, and not, we are glad to say,
so affected as ' The Personal Note ' which
stands for preface. That note explains
the weakness of the book. Mr. Calthiop
supplied a sheaf of adventures, which
were written " into a sequence by the two
authors." The " sequence " is defective,
even for a fantastic affair ; and the whole
is not sufficiently coherent. At the height
of the story, when we are in the full glow
of adventure, we are put off with a group
of unnecessary artists who talk the smart
slang of studio high spirits. What we
wanted was more of that elusive tracker,
the Honourable John ; and why was
(apt. Purse's brother, the big Guardsman,
introduced to do nothing at all ? Our
mention of these details shows that the
book has interested us more than usual.
The Count at Harvard : being an Account
of the Adventures of a Young Gentieman
of Fashion at Harvard University. By
Rupert Sargent Holland. (Boston, U.S.,
Page & Co.)
The publishers assure us that this book
is •" the most natural and the most truthful
exposition of average student life yet
written." This may be strictly true, so
far as life at Harvard is concerned : but
the reader will be inclined to think that
Mr. Holland's students are not in all
respects truthful portraits of the average
American undergraduate. They n<
Study. They pass their time in eat
drinking, smoking, and playing practical
jok<-- : and t I'M 1 onvei sation
exclusively of persiflage Surely I
Cannoi he true of the majority of •
students of American colleges. The book
i- written in good English, and with a
ful avoidance of Americanisms. \\ ab-
out doubt it will interest and an
Harvard men. for it ha- the high spirits
of youth, and many of it- are
vividly described. The author's < on-'
efforts at brilliancy of conversation o
sionally become tiresome, but thei
probably not an author living who could
write over three hundred pages of ]
siftage without tiring bis readers.
TWO BOOKS ON SPAIX.
Granada : Memoirs, Adventures, Studies,
and Impressions. By Leonard Williai
(Heinemann.) — The chapters which make
up this volume are much too disconne<
in subject, and the author has not the art
of interesting us in sucli commonplace
experiences as an encounter with a bully
in the Albaycin, or a gossip with Chorro e
Jumo, the chief of the Alhambra _
he is more successful in his account of the
Sacro Monte forgeries dug up at Granada
between 1588 and l.">97. The mere inventory
of the finds is amusing : a prophecy ascribed
to St. John and taken down in Spanish by
one of his disciples was the first discovery,
and this was followed by the nineteen
notorious " leaden books," some written in
bad Latin, others in bad Arabic, and all
purporting to date from the earliest Christian
times. The story has been admirably told
in ' Los falsos Cronicones,' an authority of
which Mr. Williams makes good use ; but
he lacks Godoy Alcantara's light touch, and
adds nothing to the information published
nearly forty years ago. Yet research lias
not stood still meanwhile. It is now estab-
lished that Juan Bautista Perez, either
under his own name or under the pseudonym
of Gonzalo do Valcarcel, was the first to
expose the Granada impostures, and it has
apparently escaped Mr. Williams's notice
that a summary of Yalcarcel's damaging
' Discurso ' is preserved in the British Museum.
There is ground for suspecting that Luna
and Castillo were concerned in these fraud- ;
it is an over-statement to say that " there
is now no room for doubt " as to their guilt.
The description of the ' Historia verdadem
del rev Rodrigo ' as a " singular and men-
dacious work "" takes no account of the fact
that similar literary hoaxes were frequent
in Spain during the sixteenth century ; even
so serious an historian as (Vampo invented
imaginary authorities, and Guevara's fabri-
cations were still more daring. There is
Sorely something to be said for the fictitious
chronicle which influenced Lope de Vega in
writing ' El postrer Godo de K-paria.' and
which has been utilized by such writers as
Scott, Southey. Washington Irving. RivaS,
Espronceda, and Zorrilla. But. though
Mr. Williams quotes recent authors liko
Bartrina and Qanivet, he is evidently un-
familiar with the earlier periods of Spanish
literature; otherwise he would see nothing
Btrange in such expressions as "Don" Ceeilio
or " Don " Hiscio. A far more remarkable
example of this usage occurs in Beroeo.
However, apart from occasional omissions
and inaccuracies, the historical digreSBU D
on the Sacro Monte episode is not inadequate,
N°4097, May 5, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
543
and is a pleasin'g novelty in a book of this
kind.
We share Mr. Albert F. Calvert's opinion
that the illustrations in his Moorish Remains
in Spain (John Lane) are more important
than the copious text. The coloured plates
reproduce admirably the delicate devices
characteristic of Moorish workmanship at its
best, and the views of historic monuments
at Cordova, Seville, and Toledo are dis-
tinctly interesting. Had as much pains
been spent on the commentary, the work
would be of permanent value ; but, though
Mr. Calvert speaks of being " immersed in
authorities," the immersion has been partial,
and the result is unsatisfactory. Except on
the supposition that the author wrote his
first draft in French, or that he is unfamiliar
with Spanish, it is not easy to explain why
the title of Contreras's ' Estudio de los
monumentos arabes en Sevilla y Cordoba '
is given as ' Monuments Arabes ' (p. 258),
nor why Alburquerque becomes " Albu-
querque " (p. 360), nor why Charles V.
appears as " Charles Quint " (p. 426). In
other respects the information supplied is
antiquated and misleading. Julian is de-
scribed as a member of " the Gothic nobility" ;
his Gothic descent is mentioned by no writer
earlier than Jimenez de Rada, and his patent
of nobility is a genial invention of the
Moorish chronicler Rasis. Again, Roderick
is said to have fallen on the banks of the
Guadalete in 711. It is doubtful if any
battle took place near the Guadalete in 711 ;
modern historians date Roderick's death
two years later, and they fix the scene at
Segoyuela. It is a strange genealogical
freak which makes Peter the Cruel the son
•of Alfonso the Learned (p. 360) ; Alfonso
died some twenty years before Peter was born.
The reference to Calderon on p. 421 is pro-
bably due to a confused reminiscence of
Lope de Vega's play ' Los Palacios de
Galiana.' Mr. Calvert habitually confounds
legend with fact, and fails to distinguish
between the random assertions of a tourist
and the statements of a scholar like Dozy
(who, by the way, was not "of Leipsic,"
but of Leyden).
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
The Independent Labour Party publish,
in " The Socialist Library," edited by Mr.
Ramsay Macdonald, Studies in Socialism,
by Jean Jaures, translated by Mildred
Minturn. The essays are mostly taken
from a large volume reviewed by us some
years ago, and had previously appeared,
one by one, in French newspapers. The
last in this book is remarkable for its poetic
beauty, upon which we dwelt in our review :
it is called here ' Moonlight,' and, considering
the extraordinary difficulty of translation
in such a case, we are able to congratulate
those concerned upon the result. The chief
value of the volume lies not in the Intro-
duction named upon the title-page, but in
Mr. Macdonald's short ' Editorial Note,' the
five pages of which contain an interesting
onal pronouncement upon the future of
tli.' Labour Party in this country. In the
translator's Introduction M. Jaures is named
"probably the most conspicuous and
weighty personality in French political life."
rhere «ms a moment when this might have
lid with truth. We know not what
force i attached to the word " probably,"
I >ut in any rase the Statement is now oxccs-
\Tr. Macdonald has more justification
for Ins phrase "the most powerful figure
amongst French Socialists." M. Jaures has
not taken office; M. Mill rand, with his
support, has. M. Millerand was driven, by
the abuse of those who, for a time, were his
brother Socialists, back into the Nationalist
Party, whence he came. Mr. Burns, in this
country, has received something of the treat-
ment accorded to M. Millerand, happily, as
yet, without similar results.
M. Louis Aubert publishes, through the
Librairie Armand Colin, Paix Japonaise, a
collection of chapters most of which have
appeared in the Revue de Paris. Half the
volume is on the expansion of Japan, and the
other half on certain impressions of Japan
itself. The somewhat dull beginning may
repel readers, but the book improves greatly
as it goes on, and may be highly commended.
The author shows his detachment from
ordinary French views when he relates the
evil consequences for Russia of the action
taken by Russia, Germany, and France in
1895 in forcing Japan to evacuate Port
Arthur and its neighbourhood. He uses
strong language with regard to the fashion
in which Japan was dealt with on that
occasion. He also adopts our view, rather
than that popular on the Continent, in
declaring that the Japanese alliance with
Great Britain " secures to France " and to
Germany their possessions in Indo-China
and at Kiaou-Chiaou. A most interesting
study of the commercial and political position
of Japan in China follows. It is largely
based upon the monthly consular reports
published at Washington, the great value
of which, as well as their superiority to the
consular reports of other countries, is appa-
rent to the author. The second part of the
volume reveals M. Aubert as a master of a
wholly different style. The chapters on
landscape in Japan will be interesting to all
artists as well as to those who are specially
concerned with the Far East, and some
passages are written with admirable feeling
and in perfect form. A chapter on the
roads of Japan is really on the famous high-
way from the former capital of the Tycoon
to the ancient capital where the Mikado
dwelt in seclusion, and has much of the
charm of Mr. Kipling's ' Kim,' which deals
in similar fashion with the great road of
India.
We can hardly find a fault with M. Aubert's
book. On a former occasion we alluded to
the curious fact, best brought out by
another modern French author, that the
Empire of Rome, claiming to be the world,
and the Empire of China, making a similar
claim, never met, and officially ignored
each other's existence. M. Aubert in his
preface describes the separation of the
Chinese and of the Christian worlds as though
it were a phenomenon which began only in
the thirteenth century, when Islam inter-
posed and broke " land communications
previously in full working order between
Europe and Oriental Asia." Ignoring the
earlier separation, to which we have referred,
he adds : " Thus separated, the two worlds
for centuries knew nothing the one of the
other." This seems to be somewhat of an
exaggeration, in face of many records of
travel which concern the period affected by
the phrase " centuries. .. .since the thir-
teenth century." We think, however, that
the history of the Christian churches of
India and of China is singularly little known,
considering the numbers to which their
adherents must have attained.
Wordsworth'* Guide to the Lakes. Edited
by Ernest de Selincourt. (Frowde.) — Mr.
do Selincourt has done well to #ivo us an
exact reprint of the 183.1 (fifth) edition of
William Wordsworth's famous 'Guide.' It
is not only a book which every visitor to
tho Lak<* District and Lover of the poet
should have read, but also one which every
architect who proposes to build a villa at
Keswick or Windermere should have in-
wardly digested. One need not agree with
all Wordsworth's opinions : one maj7 pc rccive
in the -winter and in the spring beauties in
the larch to which, in his generous pleading
for the native timber trees, he was blind,
but none over knew and loved that country
better than he, and his description of it L
not only the product of prolonged, felicitous,
and loving observation, but also furnishes in
itself an invaluable commentary on much of
the author's poetical work. Again and
again, in reading this appreciation of lake
and mountain scenery, we are struck by
the essential justice of the poet's remarks.
In the course of many years we may have
formed certain aesthetic conclusions from our
own observations of the district — may have
fancied even that they were new ; but we
discover them all here, and many more, in
the effective prose of the poet. In one point
only does he fail : in his appreciation of
the mountain tarns and becks he makes no
allusion to one of the most lasting and
delicious sensations they afford— the joy of
a bath after a long day's walk over the fells.
This is a book over which one is tempted
to linger, to moralize and to argue, and we
doubt not it will furnish many a student in
the vacations with the guide, philosopher
and friend he needs of an evening in Lis inn.
Mr. de Selincourt has done his part with
meticulous and loving care : he has furnished
an excellent preface and bibliographical
notes, and added the letters to Sir G. Beau-
mont and on the Kendal and Windermere
Railway ; he has reproduced eight illustra-
tions from books that appeared in Words-
worth's lifetime, and also all the unnecessary
commas of the original edition. A bibliophile
can ask no more.
The Great Forest of Brecknock. By John
Lloyd. (Bedford Press, Bedfordbury. ) — In
this well-produced and handsomely bound
volume Mr. Lloyd has printed a considerable
variety of information as to the Great Forest
of Brecknock, pertinent to the question of
the legal position of the allotment owners,
who became the successors of the old com-
moners by the Inclosure Act of 1815. Much
of the matter is of general interest witli
regard to a large tract of ancient forest land,
outside the merits of the legal disputes
between the allotment owners and the
Crown, or the same and Lord Tredegar. Mr.
Lloyd is himself one of the allotment owners,
but he seems to have written in a candid,
straightforward way, and not to have kept
back a singlo sci'ap of trustworthy or im-
portant information that came into his
hands. Most of the old documents here
cited were searched for and copied by Mr.
Ulingworth, of the Record Office, in 1813,
for the purposes of a trial with tho Crown.
The present volume is not at all well arranged
from a literary point of view, and contains
a good deal of matter that seems scarcely
worth printing from any point of view ;
nevertheless, there is much that is of value
to both the local and the general historian,
particularly to those who take an interest
in the story of our old forests or hunting
districts. There can he little doubt thai
a thorough search at the Public Record
Office into the early history of this forest
tract would nowadays, when calendars and
general arrangement are so much improved,
he rewarded with far more success than that
achieved by Mr. Ulingworth in 1813.
The Great Forest of Brecknock, as the
district is still called, contained about 40,000
acres, or an area ten miles square. Like all
the big forests of England, it embraced a
considerable variety or land ; it lay mainly
,n (he south side of the Usk Valley, whoso
.11
THE ATHENiEUM
N 1097, M.w 5. 1906
■lopei were w * -l 1 n led end iheltered, but
extended over the Beeoon range < >l mountains
em bracing much lnnd that was bleak and
wild, and over 2,000 ft. high. When Bernard
Newmoroh, the (Gorman chieftain, conquered
Breconshire, towards tin- end "t William's
r> i a, he reserved t<> himself this great un-
enclosed tract on the lulls and mountains
of the Usk Valley, within easy reach of his
castle of Brecknock. This forest did not
Come int.> the hands of the Crown until late
in the fifteenth century, and Mr. Lloyd is
wrong in Btating that it was "governed by
the strict Norman forestal laws of ti
times." This could not have happened with
the lands of a subject, however powerful.
Forest law prevailed only in royal forests,
and there is not an atom of evidence in these
pages of genuine forest law or of forest pleas
being held. The chief value of the forest
to the district lay in the old custom of allow-
ing agistment, or pasturage for cattle, un-
stinted in number, to all the inhabitants of
the Brecon lordship.
This pasturage right went by the old name
of "' t'vfiyve." an ancient British word
signifying reckoning or computation. The
Qyfryve was originally threepence a head
annually to the forest lord, but was reduced
to a penny in the days of Richard III. There
is no trace of a close month for deer-breeding
purposes or any of the usual accompaniments
of a royal forest. In several respects we
are reminded of the Forest of Dartmoor.
There are some excellent photographic
views of the scenery and antiquities of the
district, and a large-scale map from a survey
made in 1819.
The Story of Cambridge. By Charles W.
Stubbs, D.D. Illustrated by Herbert Rail-
ton. (Dent & Co.) — Most of the letterpress
of this handy volume has appeared in a
larger work by the Dean of Ely, with coloured
illustrations by Mr. Railton. The present
work is far more convenient in form, and
really an extremely attractive little volume.
Two valuable features are the maps (of which
there are three, including one of Cambridge
made in 1574 by order of Archbishop Parker)
and a list of pictures in colleges, halls, and
combination rooms.
We have before us Juvenilia and English
Idyls, the first section of Messrs. Macmillan's
new " Pocket Tennyson " in five volumes, a
most attractive edition on thin paper, which
offers '.' excellent print, and, of course, the
final text of the poet. This early work of
Tennyson is full of the charm of the English
spring and summer, but little known in com-
parison with the Arthurian ' Idylls.' Who
could say off-hand where these lines occur '!
How fresh the meadows look
Above the river, and, but a month ago,
The whole hill-side was redder than a fox.
There are many other touches as happy, and
this slim volume ought to make a good deal
of leisure into pleasure this season.
The " Popular Edition " of The Bible in
the Holy Land, which Mr. John Murray sends
us, is very cheap at a shilling, and we hope
that Stanley's work will, as it deserves, go
far and wido.
Messrs. Newnes send us in their
excellent " Thin Paper Classics " three
volumes containing respectively The Satires
and Dramas, The Shorter Poems, and The
Longer Poems of Byron. Mr. E. J. Sullivan
supplies a clever, but rather fantastic portrait
to each volume. Wo have also in the some
series Essays of Addison, odited by R. I).
Gillman, whose selection and arrangement
are of merit ; and in Messrs. Newnes's
" Devotional Series," The Sacred Poems of
Henry Vauglian, to which a ' Virgin adoring
the Infant Christ,' by Perugino, forms a
suitable frontispiece. All these books ate
well bound and attractive m appeano
Mi mbs. Sisi.i.v in the "Panel Books"
have invented s form winch is likely to win
popular favour. The books are IihihIv in
shape and dainty in design. We have
before a Don Juan, Tht Devil m, Two
Sticks, and Grommont's Memoirs, which are
to be had in art vellum, halt' lent her, lamb-
skin, and real persian at various priot
VVE are glad to see that several important
books have reached new edition-: Mr.
Si< lin\ Low's 'I'ln Governance of England
(Fisher Ohwin), Mr. Carmichael's In Tuscany
(Burns & Oates), and Jokai's vivid novel
The Ore* a Hook (Jarrold).
Whisperings from the Great, sent to us by
Mr. Frowde, is further described as ' An
Autograph Album, Birthday and Gui
Book.' It is compiled by Constance A.
Meredyth, and is the most elaborate book
of the kind we have ever seen, being a large,
beautifully printed volume of royal octavo
size, bound in leather, and offering numerous
quotations for every day. The compiler
has made an agreeable divagation from the
ordinary birthday book by including many
excellent lines from the French. She shows
also a wide range of reading among English
bards, classic and modern. Occasionally a
quotation seems to us incomplete, as
My love in her attire doth show her wit ;
It doth as well become her ;
which is described as ' Old Song.' All tastes
in verse are probably consulted, for we find
on one page excerpts from A. A. Procter,
Coventry Patmorc, Lord Lytton, Rowe,
Mellin de Saint-Gelais, Cardinal Manning,
Clifton Bingham, Spenser, Shelley, and
Victor Hugo.
The Clergy List for 1906 (Kelly's Direc-
tories) appears a little late in the year, but
buyers cannot grumble at this when they
notice its extent — 1,700 pages — and realize
the admirable thoroughness and accuracy
with which the work has been carried out.
The gross and net values of benefices are
both given, the difference between the two
being in several cases more than 1007. We
regret to see that clerical incomes continue
to decline, especially in the case of country
livings. Another very useful feature is the
inclusion of the post town and railway
station, with their distance from each
benefice. The firm who issue this excellent
book of reference deserve the highest credit
for the organization and care which all their
publications imply.
We have received from Messrs. Fabb &
Tyler, of Caiubridge, a reprint with additions
of The May Bee (1884) and other ephemerides,
The Meteor (1882), and Friends in Pencil,
a Cambridge sketch-book of the nineties.
These ebullitions of Cambridge wit are con-
stantly asked for, and, fortified by various
up-to-date additions, form a decidedly
amusing volume. We note excellent por-
traits of Dr. Butler, Dr. Verrall, and Dr.
Waldstein. The popular and commanding
officer of the C.U.R.V. in the frontispiece
bestrides his steed with resolute confidence,
and other notabilities are figured, while the
mere visitor will find " mems " for his benefit,
and pictures of some of the best Cambridge
buildings.
We have received the first number of The
Yachting Monthly, which is published by
The Field. It is well illustrated, and offers
practical Jadvice as to designing and sailing,
as well as a suitablo leaven in lighter vein.
There are reviews of books, and the whole
for a first number is admirably comprehen-
sive. ,
um ot raw book&
I N QLItH,
•■:/."■
:. (.1 /. Bishop M ■
>f Short Reading! f..i l - bj i l-..ple
Ad»< ll«'t.
Edmnnd» (A. J A Bnddhirt and Chris! -,7/Bnet.
(Jam. i \ K.X Ht llgiou KducaUon, 1
n low(ProL U.\ ii.. Hpiritoal re* Ung at < hrist's Life,
i um { \v.), 'i in- Communion of th< I irithGod,
tr.iii-l.it.-. I i>> .1. k. Kt&nyon, Kecond BdiUoi
Maclaren (A.), Trie lioapel a" ordfng t«. st. Mark, i. uL, 7/8
.Molt 'I I: \ Short Unitarian History, 1 net.
North, ii ( iii'i-ti.imty and Hex Probli
old Teittament in Creek, edited by A. K. Biooke and
N. Mi bean : Part L ( ■ net,
on (J. t. Hi- Probli in of the Old Testament, 10 net.
Benan ( K .), I be Life ■■( Jems, U net.
Robertson (P. W.), Twelve Herman
Tisdall (Bev. W. st. Clair), The Beligion of the Creeo
Sh oncl Edition
Tynan (K.), A Book of .Memory : the Birthday Book of the
Welsh (K. i;.), The Challenge to Christian Missions, Third
Edition, iyi.
I.
Allen (K. K.), The Law of Corporate Kxecutors and
Trn
Handbook <>f Executorship Law, by l). P. de L Hosts
Ruiking, K. Eras Spioer, and K. C. Pegler, U (i net.
Fine Art and A rchaology.
OaldiOOtt (-». W.), The Values of Old English Silver and
Sheffield Plate, edited by J. s. Gardner, 42 net.
Porrer (L), Benedetto Pistrucci, 2 o net.
Hancock (!■'.), Dnnater Church and Pri«
Hobeon (K. L.), Porcelain, Oriental, Continental, and
British, 12 0 net,
Mortimer (F. J.), Magnesium Light pby.J net.
National Gallery : Dutch School, by (i. Geffrey; I he Karly
British School ; The letter British School, S 0 net each.
Prideaux (S. T.), .Modem Bookbindings, their Design and
Decoration, io o net.
Rembrandt, Part IV., 2 0 net.
' Studio ' fear-Book of Decorative Art, B net.
Van Dyck : Etchings, 7 a net,
Wedmore (F.), Whistler and others, 6/ net.
Poetry a,i<l Drama.
Churchill (Winston), The Title-Mart, 3 6 net.
Dunn (S. ii.), The Treasure of the Sea, and other Verses,
3 0 net.
Kehle (J.), The Christian War; Lyra Innocentium, 2/ net
each.
Moutrie (S.), Judas, a Tragedy.
Rawlings (B. B.), A Story of Unrest, a Drama of Dreams, 4/8
Saintshury (G.), A History of English Prosody, VoL L,
10/ net.
Shakespeare, Twelfth Night, edited by M. Luce, 2,6 net.
Shaw (li. B.), Captain Brassbound's Conversion, 2 net,
Sinton (Rev. T.), The Poetry of Badenoch, 21,
Tennyson, Juvenilia and Knglish Idyls, 2 net.
Yaughan(lL), Devotional Poems, 2 net.
J/t(«ia
Jonson (Ben), Songs, with the Earliest Known Settings of
Certain Numbers, 40, net.
Bibliography.
Portico Lists : List of Works in the Portico Library relating
to Architecture.
Philosophic
Benn (A. W.), The History of English Rationalism in the
Nineteenth Century, 2 vols., 21/ net.
Political Economy.
Bax (K. 15.), Essays in Socialism, New and Old, ft/ net.
Meyer (H. R.), Municipal Ownership in Great Britain,
G/6 net.
History ami Biography.
American Historical Review, April, 3 6 net.
Calendar of state Papers, Domestic Scries, 16t>4-.r>, edited
by W. J. Hardy, 15/
Charrier (Capt P. A.). Cromwell, Campaigns of Edge Hill,
Marston Moor. Nasebv, 6 net.
Evelyn (John), Diary, edited by w. Bray, with Life by
EL B. Wheat lev. 4 vols. 42 net.
Harvev (A.). Bristol, 4 6 net.
Ilassail (A.), A Brief Survey of European History, 4/6
Hume (M. A. S.), Sir Walter Kalegh, Popular Edition,
2 0 net.
.lanssen (J.), History of the German People at the Cli
tin- Mi. l.ll. • Ages, translated by A. M. Christie, Vols. IX.
and X., 2 vols., 26
Lamb (('.), Letters, 3 net
Lord (W. F.), The Mirror of the Century, .r> net.
Macmillan (D.), George Buchanan, S/B net.
Morley (J.), Tnje Life of William Kwart Gladstone, VoL L,
5/ net.
Morris (.1.), Makers of Japan, 12 0 net.
•Pope" Crne) of Holland House, W3-40, edited by Lady
Seymour, 10 o net.
Bothscbild (A.I. Lincoln, Master of Men, 12 0 net.
Geography ami Travel.
Masefield (J.), On the Spanish Main, 10 0 net.
Spoilt: ami Past'
Grandiere (Maurice), Ho* to Fence, 2 0
Holder (C. F.), The Log of a Sea Angler, 8/ net.
Standing (P. C), The Hon. F. s. .l.u kson, i/6
Philology.
Clarkfl (Q. EL) and Murray (C. .!.), A Orammar of the
German Language, 8 net.
Kara ka M.ilen ka ata Temne (Hymns in Temne), ediu-<l by
.1. Mankaand .1. A. Alley, l s
Longinus on the Sublime, translated by A. O. Prickard,
net.
Magww Hanaa (Haaaa stories and Fables), collected by
.1. F. Sclion, edited by C. H. Robinson
N° 4097, May o, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
545
Pope (Rev. G. U.), A Handbook of the Tamil Language :
Part IV. An English - Tamil Dictionary, Seventh
Edition, 5/ net.
School-Books.
Arnold's Gateways to History : Book I. Heroes of the
Homeland, 10d.', II. Heroes of Many Lands, 1/; III.
Men of England, 1/3 ; IIIa. Men of Britain ; IV.
Wardens of Empire ; V. Briton as Part of Europe ; \ I.
The Pageant of the Empires, 1/6 each.
Blackie's English School Texts: Capt. Cook's Second
Voyage; Holinshed's Description of England in the
Sixteenth Century; Walton's The Complete Angler,
6d. each.
Blackie's Latin Texts: Virgil, yEneid, V., VII., VIII., and
IX., 6d. net each.
Blackie's Model Readers, Book IV., 1/4
Deakin's Euclid, Books I.-III., 2/6
Hall (H. R. W.), Our English Towns and Villages. 1/6
Hooton (W.), Junior Experimental Science, 2/6
Hoskyns-Abrahall (W.), The Health Reader, 1/0
Merimee (P.), Tamango Jose Maria, le Brigand, edited by
A. Barrere, 1/6
Milton, Paradise Lost, Books I. and II., edited by A. F.
Watt, 1/6
Raymond (W.), A School History of Somerset, 1/6
savory (D. L.), A First German Reader, 1/6
Tillyard (A. C. W.), Le Livre des Jeux, 1/
Winbolt (S. E.), The Latin Hexameter, Hints for Sixth
Forms, 2/
Wright (\V. P.), School and Garden, 6rf.
Vates (M. T.), Animal Life, 1/6 ; Stories of Animals, 1/
Science.
Adams (A. D.), Electric Transmission of Water Power,
12/6 net.
(assell's Dictionary of Gardening, Part I., Id. net.
Caven (R. ML) and Lander (G. D.), Systematic Inorganic
Chemistry, 6/ net.
Collett (A.), A Handbook of British Inland Birds, 6/
Eccles (R. G.), Food Preservatives, 5/ net.
Fabre (J. H.), Insect Life, New Edition, 2/6
Fitzgerald (H. P.), A Concise Handbook of Climbers,
Twiners, and Wall Shrubs, 3/6 net.
Fleming (J. A.), The Principles of Electric Wave Tele-
graphy, 24/ net.
Gerhardi (C. H. \V.), Electricity Meters : their Construction
and .Management, 9/ net.
Hasluck (P. N.), Boot and Shoe Cutting and Clicking ;
Practical Painters' Work, 2/ each.
High-Tension Power Transmission, Vol. I., 12/6 net ; Vol. II.,
10/6 net.
Lockwood (C. B.), Appendicitis: its Pathology, &c, 10/ net.
Park (J.), A Text-Book of Mining Geology, 6/
Pair (G. D. A.), Electrical Engineering in Theory and
Practice, 12/ net.
Peck (C. L.), Profitable Dairying, 4/ net.
Richards (J. W.), Metallurgical Calculations, Part I.,
8/6 net.
Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society, Transactions, 5/
Sothern (J. W.), The Marine Steam Turbine, 2/6 net.
Stoneman (B.), Plants and their Ways in South Africa, 3/6
Wallace (J. S.), Supplementary Essays on the Cause and
Prevention of Dental Caries, 3/6 net.
Wvthes (G.) and Roberts (H.), The Book of Rarer Vege-
tables, 2/6 net.
Juvenile Literature.
Hawthorne's Tanglewood Tales, told by C. E. Smith, 1/ net.
Jacberns (R.), Three Rascals, New Edition, 2/6
Macgregor (M.), Tales from Hans Andersen, 1/ net.
General Literature.
Benson (A. C), From a College Window, 7/6 net.
Brockington (A. A.), The Wayfarer, 6d. net.
Brooks (M.), The Newell fortune, 6/
Champion de Crespigny (Mrs. P.), The Grey Domino, 6/
Cornford (L. C), Parson Brand, and other Voyagers' Tales,
6/
Cromartie (Countess of), Sons of the Milesians, 0/
Drury (W. P.), Men-at-Arms, 3/6
Essays and sketches : The Salvation Army, 2/6
aarvice(C), A Girl of Spirit, 6/
Graham (W.), Emma Hamilton's Miniature, 6/
(A. K.l, The Woman in the Alcove, 6/
Harris (J. H.), Cornish Saints and Sinners, 6/
Hopkins (W. J.), The Clammer, 5/
1 1 nil en (Baroness von), What Became of Pam, 6/
Killick (Hallie), Life's Colours, 1/6 net.
Lecture Agency Advance Date-Book, July, 1006, to July,
1908, 1/
Le Oueux (W.), The Mystery of a Motor-Car, 0/
Lever (C. ), Tom Burke of Ours, 3/6
M icMahon (EA An Elderly Person, and some Others, 6/
Meade (L. T.\ The Home of Sweet Content ; The Maid with
i in- < Joggles, 6/ each.
Miall (D.), The Strange Case of Vincent Hume, 3/6
[feedham (J. LA The Solution of Tactical Problems, 3/6 net.
Panel-Books: Hamilton's Memoirs of Count Qrammont:
us Don Juan ; Le Sage's The Devil on Two Sticks,
2/ net each.
Pitman (YV. I).), The Quincunx Case, 6/
Prideaux (Mrs. II. M.), Returned with Thanks, and other
6 net.
Quarterly Review, April, (>/
Sergeant (A.). An independent Maiden, 6/
-n ,ith (.1. ( '.), llenrv Northcote, 6/
Spender (H.), The Arena, 8/
swan (A. H.), A Ma^k of Gold, 3/6
; 'N.i, women and Circumstance, (V
Trollop, f \. ), 1 1„- Kelly* and the OKellys, 1/0 net.
Ward (Mrs. Humphry), Fenwick's Career, 6/
Wood (W.), The Enemy in our Midst, 6/
FOR E IC N.
Km Ait and Anhaottgy,
Doigneau (A.), Nos Ancetres primitifs, Mr.
JonTn (II.), Jean Qoujon. 8fr. fO.
Reymond (M.), VerrocchlO, :'.fr. 60.
Vofl (K.), Die altniederlandische Bfalerai ron Jan van Byck
hi- Memling, 18m.
History and Biography.
Brucelle (E.) et Lefevre (J.), Histoire de Chalandry (Aisne)
et de ses Environs, 5fr.
Boutry (M.), Autour de Marie Antoinette, Bfr,
Debidour (A.), L'Eglise Catholique et l'Etat sous la
troisieme Repubhque (1870-1906), A*ol. I., 7fr.
Langlois(C. V.), Questions d'Histoire et d'Enseignement,
Nouvelle Serie, 3fr. 50.
Mater (A.), L'Eglise Catholique : sa Constitution, son
Administration, 5fr.
Peslouan (L de), N. H. Abel, sa Vie et son (Euvre, 5 fr.
Salone (E.), Guillaume Raynal, Historien du Canada, 3fr.
Wiilker (R.), Geschichte der Englischen Literatur, zweite
Auflage, Part I., lm.
Philology.
Boer (R. C), Untersuchungen lib. den Ursprung u. die
Entwieklung der Nibelungensage, Vol. I., 8m.
Hoceyne-Azad, La Roseraie du Savoir : Texte, 5fr. ; Tra-
duction, Bfr.
Wetzstein (J. G.), Die Liebenden v. Amasia, iibers. u.
erkliirt, 5m.
General Literature.
Bellanger (J.), Une Heroine Champenoise, 3fr. 50.
Langlois (General), Questions de Defense Nationale, Sfr. 50.
Pierret (E.), Tentatrice, 3fr. 50.
Rictus (J.), Fils de Fer, 3fr. 50.
Rocher (F. de), Les Particules, 3fr. 50.
*** All Books received at the Office up to Wednesday
Morning will be included in this List unless previously
noted. Publishers are requested to state prices when
sending Books.
NOTES FROM DUBLIN.
The appearance of some eighty ladies
from Girton, Newnham, and their Oxford
sister to take degrees at the recent Commence-
ments in Trinity College has naturally sug-
gested the question, How long is this whole-
sale conferring of degrees on people who have
obtained no part of their education in Dublin
to continue ? The printed documents on
the subject fix as a limit "up to 1907 " ;
but as the Provost, in a speech made to
the ladies after the ceremony, said he saw
no reason why it should not continue, it is
high time that the policy of the college should
be clearly defined and understood. In
answer to the critics who say that Trinity
College has started a monopoly among the
old universities, and is now driving a
lucrative trade by selling degrees to strangers,
the following explanation may be desirable.
For some time after the Senate of the
Dublin University had declared by a large
majority that they would confer degrees
on women, there were legal and technical
delays, which prevented many expectant
candidates from profiting by the declaration.
It was thought a hardship that such persons
should miss the benefit of a degree, merely
owing to opposition and delay in carrying
out the vote of the Senate.
It was therefore thought reasonable that
as men keeping their terms at Oxford and
Cambridge can get credit for them and be
presented ad eundem qradum in Dublin, so
those women who had performed the same
exercises, and would have been entitled,
but for their sex, to the same privilege at
Oxford or Cambridge, should be treated as
men, and admitted to quasi ad eundem
degrees. But it was a mere policy of transi-
tion, intended to include only a few hard
cases of women who had just missed the
time when they might have kept terms and
got degrees in Dublin. And if the giving of
ad eundem degrees to men from Oxford or
Cambridge increased to more than occasional
and exceptional cases ; if eighty mon asked
for that privilege to-morrow, the University
would surely roconsider its position and say
that it was not reasonable to give crowds of
degrees to men who were strangers within its
walls. This is, however, what has happened
in regard to women. Some who woro a little
senior to the transitional period thought it
hard that they should be excluded, though
they had completed their studies without
any hope of a degree. The majority of the
Board, in spito of protosts, saw no logical
reason to pause. The evil then grew apaoe,
and women of twonty yoars' standing, and
even some residing in tho colonios, were
admitted to the degree. As the matter now
stands, it is difficult to avoid the imputation
of selling degrees to strangers broadcast on
easy terms. And yet the Tutors, and other
officers who have profited by this policy,
are very far from approving of it. Whatever
may be said in favour of the policy of a
transitional period, the strict adherence to
the limit stated in all the documents, viz.,
up to the end of the present year, will be
demanded by all those who value the antique
dignity of the University of Dublin. It is,
indeed, not certain that its degrees will not
lose in prestige permanently, owing to the
events of the last three years.
But quite apart from this influx of strange
ladies is the gratifying fact that some sixty
honest undergraduates of the sex are attend-
ing lectures, obtaining high honours, and
otherwise profiting by the education of
Trinity College. These girls are working
for genuine degrees, and gaining great
prizes in competition with men. So far the
experiment of admitting women to the educa-
tion of the College has proved both satis-
factory and successful. It is to be hoped
that many who now go to Girton will, when
the Dublin degree is restricted to Dublin
undergraduates, find it their interest to
be educated there, and then the memory of
this cloud of strangers crowding the Theatre
on Commencement days will pass away like
an evil dream. M.
SOME UNPUBLISHED LETTERS OF
CHARLES LAMB.
[These letters are copyright in England and the United
States, being published also to-day by The Evening Past
(Saturday Supplement) in New York.']
I purchased some four or five years ago
the remaining manuscripts of Thomas Man-
ning, the friend of Charles Lamb. The
collection included, besides numerous letters
from Charles and Robert Lloyd, and others
addressed to Manning, many written to
Manning's father and other relatives, and a
number of his epistles to Charles Lamb.
These letters and the other papers in the
collection would be very useful to any one
who might attempt to write the biography
of the gifted, but somewhat enigmatic writer
or receiver of them. But of course the most
interesting things in the collection were the
documents by, or relating to, Charles Lamb
which it contained. Of these the most valu-
able was a beautifully wTitten copy of the
' Farewell to Tobacco.' This was inscribed
to Capt. Burney and another of his familiar
friends ; and at the end of it was a drawing
of a broken pipe — the only drawing (or the
only one worthy of the name) which Lamb
is known to have executed. There wras also
a manuscript copy of his ' Three Graves,' a
facsimile of which forms the frontispiece of
my ' Sidelights on Charles Lamb.' In addi-
tion to these there were in the collection the
letters and fragments of letters (excepting
tho last) which are hereunder printed. I
must first state, however, that these letters
are no longer in my possession, they having
been disposed of to a gentleman who has
most kindly given me leave to publish them.
The first letter was addressed, as will be
seen, to Charles Lloyd, during the period
when he was residing at Cambridge It is
worth noting that of all tho numerous letters
which were written to Charles Lloyd by Lamb,
this is the only ono which escaped the flames
to which the}- were committed by one of
Lloyd's sons, upon whoso momory it is
difficult to refrain from bestowing a male-
diction. Of course the play to which the
Letter refers is ' Jolui Woodvil.' The story
THE ATHENiEUM
N 1097. Mav 5, 1906
im attempt - 1" gel hii pla\ acted
10 w. II know ii to oeed to be retold h< re,
l». \u 1. 1. .yd. | inik,- it in\ |> ii 1 1. iilu request,
yon will immediate!} transmit me your oopy
■ i im\ Play, I promise religiously to restore ii
ii |iai i ioularly, as I am
liable even day to be called upon for a oopy.
Sophia will paoi it up] know ii yon wdl ask bar.
1 have presented raj oopy to Kemble. I Left it .it
lii— house yesterday morning, before be was up,
with no othor introduction hut an anonyi
note, requesting bis opinion, but having taken the
ration to write my name and address in a
blank leaf, \wis surprised in the evening with a
letter from Kemble, in verj handsome terms de-
clining to determine upon it, us not being in his
provinoe, but i Bering "with great pleasure to put
my play into the hands of the Proprietors >.i Drury
Line Theatre, anil hoping that it may Buooeed
with them to .Mi. Lamb's wishes." This from a
perfeot stranger who never saw me, and the very
day in which I had so awkwardly and improperly
obtruded it upon him, "as most handsome and
gentlemanlike, and, I confess, has revived in me
s.iiiK- antii|uati d pretensions [word erased]. It
is evident be has read it with some approbation, of
a voluntary offer to present it for me so you
will Bee the necessity of my having another oopy
fairly written in the house, which 1 have not, only
B rough draught. — 1 Will certainly sc iinc day re-
place yours hut pray send it directly — I purpose
calling upon Kemble, whom I have not yet seen,
tomorrow morning — 1 am not very sanguine, but
the profits of acting plays arc so large nowadays,
that a very shadow of a hope ought to make me
glad. — Direct it to India House — I have just
learned that Coleridge has taken lodgings with
his family in the Adelphi — but 1 have seen nothing
of him —
Pray present my love to Sophia, and bid Manning
write, when you send my parcel — And respects to
your father if he is in Cam yours truly C. L.
[Direct edj Mr. Charles Lloyd, .Tun.,
Mr. Styles's, Jesus Lane
Cambridge.
[Probable date, December, 1799.]
The second, as will be seen, is only a part
of a letter to Manning, the " scrap " in
in return for Manning's, to which the writer
alludes, having evidently been for some
reason destroyed : —
[July, 1800.]
Monday Morning.
I have just got your scrap — Pray tell me if you
■consider this as just payment for value received. If
not, to work again, my pen — I am just now en-
gaged in the addition of 9(10 pages, continent of
twenty sums a piece — 0 the drudgery to which
your great genuses [sic] are exposed — But Jupiter
wore a Bull's hide, and Apollo kept Admetus's
swine, each fur his goddess. — Mine is Pecunia,
Blessing on her golden Looks. —
Pray write. [Remainder torn off.]
[Addressed] Mr. Thos. Manning,
Mr. Crisp's
near St. Mary's
Cambridge.
The third letter, which must in its com-
plete state have been one of the best and
most characteristic ever written by its author,
has unfortunately been cruelly mutilated by
•one of its former possessors, who considered,
I suppose, that it contained some indiscreet
passages. Well, there are indications in the
portion saved that there were some indis-
cretions in the letter ; but how much wisdom
and discretion wotdd we not sacrifice could
we thereby recover a few of Lamb's indis-
cretions !
[ Portion of a letter from Lamb to Manning.]
Pray what maps do you use, when you travel?
Perhaps you have hit upon one that leaves London
■ out.- Do let me send you down a Complete set of
Mcrcator's Charts, or Carrington Bowles's Survey
of England, against yon travel next. Vou certainly
imagined that London had been in your road ; anil
White writes me word from the country, where
he is gone to recruit his strength, that' he L'o,-s
groping in all the hedges and Copses about Oxford
among daisies, kingcups, and pissabeds, for the
• ■t poetry, which George Dy< ■■■ ill *till have
It arc to be found there \ —
| L tt. i t.uii. ]
ll. i\ • that Sam. Tayloi Colendsea] him
a-- in m-ii as ever under the influence ..t a oold
vanity, and does not span absentem rodere
ami. uin. [i my Latin correct! Pity, that such
human frailties should perch upon the margin of
Ulswater Lake. "Pit all tin- echoes in
SUOh a tone, so plaintive, 1 wish J had my flute.
| Words erased. ]
Lloyd's four Brothen are grown ohoioe Lads they
ibout Birmingham streets, and get drunk
at Coffee houses, and heat the watch aim..
great a metamorphosis to some <>f them, as tie- trans-
formation oi Roderiok Random, 1 beoarrotty waggon-
passenger and oo- mate of Barber Strap, [wonis era
into a fine gent, and (letter torn |
about ton n All tin- world
I Let ter torn.]
I to you trouble your head about Peace? or the
Northern confederacy? I want to know where
you bestow your Interest for every man has an
interest, such as it is, in his breast — as Lord
Hamlet Bays — " every man has business and
affairs." — I feel as if I were going to leave off
business. —
Dont mistake me, I only feel so just now. Some-
times I am very busy about nothing.
But seriously what do you think of this Life of
OUTS? Can you make head or tail on't ■''. How we
came here (that I have some tolerable [word
omitted] hint of) what we came here for (that I
know no more than [an] Ideot. )
[Sentence omitted here.]
You dropt a word whether in jest or earnest, as
if you would join me in some work, such as a
review or series of papers, essays, or anything. —
Were you serious ? I want some occupation, and I
more want money. Had you any scheme, or was
it, as G. Dyer says, en passant ''. If I don't have a
Legacy left me shortly, I must get into pay with
some newspaper for small gains. Mutton is twelve-
pence a pound.
There, there is a full three sides for von.—
' C. L.-
[Directed] Mr. Manning
Mr. Crisp's
near St. Mary's
Cambridge.
In the passage beginning " He says that
Sam. Taylor Coleridge," " He," I imagine,
refers to Charles Lloyd. The allusion to
Lloyd's four brothers is perhaps only to be
taken as one of Lamb's " matter-of lie "
mystifications. There is nothing else that
needs comment in the letter, save that
it shows its author in a moody humour
such as he did not often exhibit, except
when he was under the immediate pressure
of misfortune. It must, however, be ob-
served that one word and one sentence
have been omitted, not because of any real
harm in them, but because some good people
might possibly be a little scandalized by
them. With Manning, more than with any
other correspondent, Lamb felt himself
free to give expression without reserve, or
fear of being misunderstood, to whatever
thought might happen to occur to him.
There is one other letter of Lamb's which
belongs to this collection ; but as that is
printed in Mr. Lucas's edition of Lamb's
works (see vol. vi. p. 168), it need not be
reproduced here.
The following letter to Sir Thomas Noon
Talfourd, which is still in my possession,
was purchased by me at Sotheby's : —
Dr. T. — "MoXOn & Knowles are coming to
Enfield on Sunday afternoon. My poor shaken
head cannot at present let me ask any dinner
company ; for two drinkings in a day, which must
ensue, would incapacity me. 1 am very poorly.
They can only get an Kdmont" stage, from which
village 'tis but a 2 miles walk, & I have only MM
ludu to offer, I''"!/, join 'em if you can. Our first
morning stage to London is j past S. If that won't
suit your avocations, arrange with Kyle (or without
him — but how can I separate him morally? —
Ipgioally and legally, poetically and critically I
can,— from you? No disparagement (for a better
iUo this is latin the lay \ou can,
morning,
I am poorly, but [eh on the— oocasiona,
a w oek oi t w ii. I hen I g< t sobei I
'i ■ till death ;
It.. ht mind a touch ot path L Mrs.
Talfourd.
'I I.. Edmonton _■■ hour
from Snow Hill.
* Brratum, for M. ft K. read K. St '■!. Jio k-
■ I nfl. r Aul hoi
This pathetic and interesting letter was pro-
bably written in the early part of 1 B34.
comment upon it i- n< it is
hardly possible for any reader to fail to
appreciate its deep significance, or (
look the many characteristic touch)
it contain*. Bertram Dobell.
COMMANDER J. F. HODGETT8,
H.E.I.C.S.
The death is announced of Commander
James Frederick Hodgetts at his re
24, Cheniston Garden-.. Ken in the
seventy-ninth year of his age. Commander
Hodgetts had a varied experi iucated
by his stepfather, E. W. Brayley, F.R.8, for
a scientific career, he liad a strong taste for
adventure, which led him to entei vice
of the Hon. East India Company's mar
then under the command of Sir Henry I.
He was up the Irrawaddy in one of the
Burmese wars, and also in the Persian Gulf,
besides being shipwrecked on the Bernouf
off Torres Straits. Finding Ids health gi\
way under a tropical climate, he volunteered
for the Crimean War, having studied Russian
in India. His services being refused, he
retired, and was appointed Professor of
English and Seamanship at the Royal
Prussian Naval Cadet School in Berlin.
When this institution was abolished in
1866, he went to Russia, and delivered in
Petersburg a course of lectures on com-
parative philology, which were attended by
members of the Russian imperial family.
He soon received an appointment at the
Moscow University and several other scho-
lastic positions. In 1881 he finally retired
and came to live in London, where he de-
voted himself to literature and arclueoloj
When yet a boy he had assisted sir Henry
Merrick to arrange the armour in the Tower
of London, and the interest thus early
awakened in antiquities was fostered In-
extensive reading. He combined a large
experience of life with wide antiquarian
lore, and thus equipped produced a series
of boys' stories, such as 'Harold the Boy
Earl,' ' The Champion of Odin.' ' Haakon,'
4 Kormack,' &C., which were at once enter-
taining and instructive, and found many
imitators. His purely archaeological work
will be found in the Journal of the British
Archaeological Association. The Antiquary,
and similar periodicals, but notably in his
volumes entitled ' Older England ' and ' The
English in the Middle Ages.' which he had
previously read in the form of lectures at
the British Museum. These were warmly
appreciated by such men as Huskin. the
present Duke of Argyll, and Lord Aveburv.
In his ' Greater England ' he was one of the
first to advocate the consolidation of our
colonial empire. In later years he devoted
himself to the invention of a ship's hull, of
which he failed to make a commercial
success ; but he had been preparing and
completing up to the last what he regarded
as his magnum opus, a life of Alfred the
Great, which may possibly be posthumously
published.
N° 4097, May 5, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
547
THE STUDY OF ENGLISH.
11, Pulteney Street, Bath.
As I was unable to be present at last
Saturday's meeting on ' The Study of
English,' held at the University of London
under the presidency of Sir Arthur Riicker,
I shall be much obliged if you will allow me
space for a very few words.
I wish to record the strongest possible
opposition to the attempts made to cut out
the new craft from the very stocks, to put
her in tow to another Association, and
(apparently) to fit her up as a letter-of-
marque against classical studies.
Why English should be handcuffed, like a
galley-slave, to a motley gang of " modern
languages," I do not know. That full and
real appreciation of English literature, which
has made itself for twelve hundred years
by and in the study of the classics, is im-
possible without that study, I do know.
George Saintsbury.
HUNTING THE " SELADANG."
Mr. Harting in your last issue (p. 515)
is of opinion that the word " seladang " is
a corruption of the Malay salandang, which
refers to the gaur or bison of Indian sports-
men. This seems to be an incorrect surmise
both as regards the word and species of
mammal. Mr. Newbold, ' Political and
Statistical Account of* the British Settle-
ments, Straits of Malacca,' vol. i. p. 435,
writing on the Malayan tapir (Tapirus in-
dicus), states : —
"The seladang is supposed by some zoologists
to be identical with the tapir. The Malays,
however, make a difference, distinguishing the
true tapir by the name of tennok. This is a
pi lint desirable to ascertain. The seladang may
probably be a variety."
W. L. Distant.
77, St. Martin's Lane, April 30th, 1906.
Mr. Harting says that the Malay name
for this species of wild ox is salandang, and
that Mr. Hubback's rendering, seladang,
must be regarded as incorrect. Apparently
his sole authority for this sweeping statement
is Blyth's ' Catalogue of the Mammals and
Birds of Burma.'
I feel bound to point out, in justice to
Mr. Hubback, that the Malay dictionaries
are on his side. Marsden's ' Malay Dic-
tionary ' (1812) has " sain dang, a beast of the
cow kind." Crawford's ' Malay Dictionary '
(1852) has " saladang, name of an unde-
scribed kind of wild cattle of tho forests of
tin' Malay peninsula."
James Platt, Jun.
"THAT TWO-HAXDED ENGINE AT
THE DOOK."
It is surely obvious that Hogg's use of
tli<' expression " two-handed engine " is one
mad' entirely for his own metaphorical
purposes, and throwing no sort of light on
the original meaning of Milton. Because a
scythe employs the mower's two hands,
thai is a literary motive for any one writing
of a scythe to hook Milton's phraso to a
Useful end. Apart from that, would it bo
very natural to talk of a scythe striking,
or of Time operating with such sudden
violence ? Is it not moro obvious to ask,
What was, in Milton's day, the two-handed
instrument par excellence, which, sooner or
later, brought all ill doing (or conduct con-
demned by the powers as such) to an end, and
did so by what a modern minor poet calls " a
short sharp shock"? There was one such, and
only one — the axe, the operation of which
was as familiar (in the sixteenth and seven-
teenth centuries) as it was — except in a few
scandalous examples — final and instantane-
ous. I do not know if the note to Pickering's
edition of Milton (iii. 130) has been mentioned
in this discussion, so I append it : " Two-
handed.] ' Yet, maie the ax stande next the
dore.'— Sir T. Smith's Psalms, ' Restituta,'
iv. 189." G. H. Powell.
A LIFE OF ECLIPSE.
May we ask the assistance of your valuable
columns to let the fact be known that the
first complete life of Eclipse is in course of
preparation, and that any references to this
celebrated horse in contemporary literature ;
to his breeder, the Duke of Cumberland ;
to his purchaser, Wildman ; and to his sub-
sequent owner, Dennis O' Kelly, will be very
much appreciated ? Many facts have
already come to light from private and un-
expected sources which have enabled us to
settle various questions hitherto doubtful,
such as the birthplace, the burial-place, the
authentic skeleton, and so forth. Many
more letters, documents, prints, or paintings
must still exist — besides those already
brought to our notice by the generosity of
their possessors — which will be of the greatest
value. The monograph will be as completely
illustrated as possible from contemporary
paintings and engravings and other sources,
and will contain detailed photographs of
the anatomy of Eclipse and the most famous
of his descendants. A sketch of racing in the
days when Eclipse was on the turf will be
included, with biographies of his breeder,
owners, and others connected with the sport
of that time. Information should reach us
before the 1st of June, if possible, and all
letters, manuscripts, prints, or pictures
addressed to Eclipse, care of Mr. W. Heine-
mann, 21, Bedford Street, W.C., will be
acknowledged before that date, and will be
received not only with the greatest care,
but with profound gratitude. Any originals
reproduced will be scrupulously guarded
from injury, and safely returned, and may
be insured, if necessary, while out of their
owners' hands, if a separate message to that
effect is addressed to Mr. Heinemann.
The Authors.
SALE.
Tim; most interesting item in Messrs. Hodgson's
sale last week was a very tine copy "f the rare first
t wo volumes of t In- first edit ion of Sterne's Trist rani
Shandy, privately printed at York in 1766. Tim
volumes were in the original half-binding, with the
edges entirely uncut, and reali/.ed no less than H'M.
Other prices were as follows: Shelley's Adonais,
first edition, Pisa, 1821, 44/. ; Goldsmith's Deserted
Village, first edition, 1 77< ►. and two others hound
in one volume, l.V. St.; Rowlandson's Loyal
Volunteers of London, IT'.Mt, •2~,l.\ Aokermann's
Microooero of London, original edition, .'{ vols., l.'W. ;
Surtees Society's Publications, from the beginning
in 1884 to Kin.-), in vols.,-2.V. 10a.; and a volume
of eight eighteenth ■ century American tracts,
relating to the Provinces of Virginia, Massa-
chusetts Bay, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, in one
vol., folio, 1744-78, 671.
One of the literary results of the recent
royal tour in the East will be ' A Vision
of India,' by Mr. Sidney Low, which
Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co. are now passing
through the press. Mr. Low accompanied
their Royal Highnesses in the capacity
of special correspondent of The Standard.
His book, however, is concerned not so-
much with the incidents of the royal
journey as with the picture of life and
society in our Eastern Empire. Mr. Low
had exceptional opportunities, and he has
taken advantage of them to attempt a
much more comprehensive survey of
India, in its various aspects, than is
possible for the ordinary " cold- weather "
visitor. The work will include thirty-two
pages of illustrations from photographs-
by the author and others.
Messrs. Sonnenschein & Co. will
shortly publish a volume of essays by-
Mr. J. E. G. de Montmorency, entitled
' National Education and National Life.'
It includes an essay tracing the evolution
of the religious questions in schools from
early days to the present time, and care-
fully analyzing the clauses of the new
Bill that deal with religious education.
Mr. Bodley, being hindered by pro-
longed ill-health from completing this
year his long-promised work on the
Church in France, has prepared a
very small book on the same subject,
to aid those interested in the French
religious crisis in studying the Separation
Bill and its results. It will be published
next week by Messrs. Constable.
Mr. George Haven Putnam is well
known not only as a publisher, but also
as an author. He has in the press, in
two volumes, uniform with his ' Books
and their Makers in the Middle Ages,' a
treatise on ' The Censorship of the Church
and its Influence upon Production and
the Distribution of Literature.' This
deals with the Indexes from 567 a.d. to
1900, which he has for the most part
examined himself. The titles of the more
important books condemned will be given ;
and a final chapter will summarize the
views of some representative Roman
Catholics of to-day on the matter.
Mr. Nutt is publishing in " The Grimm
Library " the first volume of ' The Legend
of Sir Perceval,' ' Chretien de Troyes and
Wauchier de Denain,' by Miss Jessie L.
Weston, who is well known for Iter
contributions to Arthurian literature.
She has made a thorough study of the MS.
sources, and has printed for the first time
upwards of 000 lines of passages important
from the critical point of view.
Mr. Sidney Lee will reply to the toast
of " Literature," which Will be proposed
by the Bishop of Bristol, at the Royal
Literary Fund Dinner on Thursday aezl :
and Lord Tennyson will propose the health
of the American Ambassador, the chair-
man.
Mr. Archibald Constable, whose
edition of Bonner's 'Travels in the Mogul
548
Til E A Til KNJKUM
N°4097, Mav 5, 1006
Empire, 1666 1668,' formed vol. i- of his
"Oriental M is«-.lhui\ Series" in 1891
has |ii>t returned from Peris, where be
has been oollecting materia] to add to his
Ms. of the memoirs of Manuooi (Manouchi),
the Venetian physician who served for
forty-eight years at the Mogul Courts of
Delhi and Agra. In particular, he was
body surgeon to Prince Dare Sbikoh, who,
born in 1616, was murdered in 1668 by
order of his brother Aurangzeb, in the
presenoe of Bfanuooi. Mr. Constable was
fortunate enough to discover some paint-
ings by various Mogul Court artists of the
period, executed —lie holds — by direct
commissions from Manuooi ; and it is
probable that a selection from them may
accompany the monograph which he has
in active preparation.
Mr. U.nwin is publishing a work-
entitled ' Women's Work and Wages,' by
Mr. Edward Cadbury, Miss Cecile Mathe-
son, and Mr. G. Shann. The book, which
bears the sub-title of ' A Phase of Life in
an Industrial City,' is especially concerned
with the conditions prevailing in Birming-
ham. In it the valuable work done of
late years by various writers and associa-
tions is brought into line with facts
gathered by original investigation of an
exhaustive nature.
' Venus and Cupid : an Impression in
Prose after Velasquez in Colour, written
by Filson Young,' is a little book which
E. Grant Richards will publish in the
course of a week or two in a limited
edition. Author and publisher undertake
that this essay, which will be duly copy-
righted in the United States, shall not be
reprinted in any form until 1917 — a
curious novelty.
The same firm are publishing shortly
' The Black Motor-Car,' a new sensational
novel by Mr. Harris Burland, and a
volume of stories by Mr. Arthur ;Machen,
containing, together with some three
stories which have not previously appeared
in book form, revisions of ' The Great
God Pan ' and ' The Three Impostors.'
The title of the book is ' The House of
Souls ' ; and a frontispiece and cover
design have been drawn by Mr. S. H. Sime.
Messrs. Longman have nearly ready
'Heresies of Sea Power,' by Mr. F. T.
Jane, which suggests the possibility of
some great principle underlying all naval
history from the Peloponnesian tWar to
the Russo-Japanese.
Mr. E. J. Rapson, the pupil and friend
of the late Prof. Bendall, has been ap-
pointed to the Chair of Sanskrit which
the latter held at Cambridge.
A cheap reissue of the Rev. Edward
Conybeare's ' History of Cambridgeshire '
will be published by Mr. Elliot Stock very
shortly.
A discussion which occurred in the
House of Commons on Thursday of last
week, reported after we had gone to press,
showed a singular want of knowledge of
the literary work done on the part of the
Government of this country. Of Mr.
W. W. Rutherford and Mr. Charles Craig,
and others who supported a proposal for
the omission of the item foi srork on the
Rim annas archives, some asked where
Simancai ws " whether it was in Europe,
Asia, Africa, or America." and " how u
Government could possibly spend 6001.
on an index " of bistoi ical docum<
The Souse wai cleared for a division;
but the Opposition discovered in time
that the whole history of the Church of
England was at stake, and did not divide.
Messrs. Sotheby's sale on Saturday.
the 20th hist., will include an interesting
series of nine Shakspeare quartos, the
property of Mr. E. W. Hussey ; and of
these at least the five which appeared
during the dramatist's lifetime may be
expected to realize high prices. ' The Mid-
Bommer Nights Dreame ' and ' The Mer-
chant of Venice,' each dated 1600, are the
features of the collection. Of both these
plays a rival edition appeared in the same
year, and it is a disputed point which of
these editions is the earlier. The copy
of ' Sir John Oldcastle ' also bears the date
1600; 'Henry V.,' 1608, is the third
edition ; and ' King Lear,' of the same
year, is the second. The other four
quartos were all published in 1619 — ' A
Yorkshire Tragedie,' ' The Merry Wives
of Windsor,' ' Henry VI.,' and ' Pericles.'
The supply of Washington documents,
like those of Nelson and Lady Hamilton,
is apparently inexhaustible. A " diary "
of the great President, consisting of twenty-
two pages in his handwriting, and written
in 1767, was sold by auction in Boston
last week, and realized 700 dollars, being
acquired for the Congressional Library.
On the same occasion a volume of pam-
phlets collected by Washington, contain-
ing his autograph and also an armorial
book-plate, produced 525 dollars. The
Anderson Auction Company of New York
included in one of their recent sales of
books Washington's copy of Capt. C.
Vallancey's ' Essay on Fortification,'
published at Dublin in 1757. The volume
contains Washington's autograph.
The Parliamentary Papers of the most
general interest to our readers this week
are : Board of Education, Statement of
Monies expended under Part I. and Part II.
of the Education Act, 1902, by each Local
Education Authority for 1904-5, and
Estimates of Amounts provided from
Exchequer Grants and from Local Rates
for 1905-6 (2|d.) ; and Annual Report
on the Finances of the University of
Glasgow (3d.).
Next week we shall pay special atten-
tion to school and educational books.
SCIENCE
The Transition in Agriculture. By Edwin
A. Pratt. With Illustrations. (John
Murray.)
From time immemorial fanners have been
given to grumble. Their pursuit, always
of a precarious nature, has been of late
years, from circumstances which we need
not discuss here, more than usually un-
remunerative. It is evident that as
a cla-- agriculturi I not been able
to adapt themselves, or to modify their
procedures, to the new condition- [(
I to be RIB in this matter, but
it may be doubted whether any other
bodi of men, placed in like circumstances,
would have done better. < banges in the
system of land-tenure, the practical appli-
cations of the teachinj the
Opening Up Of new markets — all t'
must work gradually, if they are to be
pei manently beneficial.
The book before us shows what may I*-
done — indeed, what has been done —by
co-operation and other method-, t
the conditions of those who derive their
income from the produce of the land.
What the Danes, the Dutch, the French,
and even the Siberians can do. we ought
surely to be able to accomplish. It is
not creditable to our enterprise that ws
have allowed the agriculturists of the
nations we speak of to beat us in our
own markets. With no superior advan-
tages of climate or soil, and with re-
sources much less important than our
own, they succeed in sending us with
regularity butter, cheese, eggs, and vege-
table products of all kinds in quantities
much larger than we can supply, of more
generally uniform quality, and at a lo
price. How it is done is briefly indicated
in the present volume.
It is equally, perhaps more, im-
portant to show what is already being
done to develope our own resources,
and to indicate in what directions
further progress may be anticipated.
To this end chapters are devoted to the
land question, peasant proprietorship,
co-operation and other schemes of agri-
cultural organization, the supply of milk,
eggs, and poultry, the fruit industry,
flower - farming, market - gardening, and
various other devices for turning the land
to account.
After all, it is to the personal equation,
to the quality of the brain-power exerted,
that success is due. From this point
of view it is remarkable to note the way
in which prosperity has come to men
of enterprise and business capacity who
have had no previous training either in
the principles or the technicalities of their
art. Thus we know of farmers, black-
smiths, and drapers who, finding their
business dwindling, have turned their
attention to bulb-growing, rose-culture,
or market - gardening, with such results
as to attain a foremost place among their
competitors. We have mentioned brain-
power as a powerful factor, and so indeed
it is ; but it must be that form of brain-
power which manifests itself in what is
called business capacity. We have known
authors of brilliant parts, zealous, diligent,
and even expert cultivators, who never-
theless failed as fruit-growers and market-
gardeners where neighbours of far less
mental culture achieved success.
Again, acres upon acres of land near the
large towns are covered with glass, and
utilized in the cultivation of grapes,
tomatoes, peaches, cucumbers, chrysan-
themums, and other products, for which
the demand seems to be virtuallv
N°4097, Mayo, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
549
illimitable. More than one grower near
London that we know of sends tons of
grapes at a time to market, and even
dispatched them to Paris, till French
growers, dreading such competition, raised
a clamour and induced their Government
to place so heavy a duty on the English
fruit that its importation was no longer
remunerative.
We allude to these matters to show that
the prospects of agriculture are not so
hopeless as they are sometimes supposed
to be. We think that any one who reads
Mr. Piatt's book will come to the same con-
clusion, and, as it is very readable, we com-
mend it to the notice of those interested.
The details are numerous and varied, but
they form a coherent whole ; and a con-
veniently printed index and a table of
contents render the book easy to consult.
The Dissociation of a Personality . a
Biographical Study in Abnormal Psychology.
By Morton Prince, M.D. (Longmans & Co.)
— Dr. Prince tells the story of an hysteiical
girl living in Boston, who seems to have
led a fairly normal life until she reached the
age of eighteen. A severe shock to her
nervous system then threw her into a state
of extreme neurasthenia, which unfitted her
for mental or physical exertion, but made
her a good subject for hypnotic suggestion.
In this condition she came to Dr. Prince,
who is Professor of Diseases of the Nervous
System at Tufts College Medical School, and
physician for diseases of the nervous system
at the Boston City Hospital. A careful and
prolonged examination of the nervous
system of " Miss Beauchamp " showed that
her intellectual faculties formed three dis-
tinct personalities, none of which was equal
to her original and undivided intelligence.
These three personalities alternated with
each other in their control of the body. They
differed from each other in attributes, tastes,
even in bodily health ; and whilst the first
and third were mutually ignorant of each
other's existence, the second knew the
thoughts of the first, but not of the third.
The hypnotic condition of each personality
differed in many respects from the corre-
sponding personality when it appeared
spontaneously. " Miss Beauchamp " was
therefore under the influence of three
entirely distinct wills, which were never in
command at the same time, but which might
alternate, repeatedly and at short intervals,
one with another. The same body might
be dominated by an extreme neurasthenic,
by a somewhat austere personage, or by
an imp-like spirit given to slang, full of fun,
and known as " Sally." The austere per-
sonage Sally soon christened the " Idiot "
when she found that her memory had ceased
at the time of the initial nerve-shock in 1893,
and had not been resumed until 1899.
Dr. Prince tells the story of the poor body
which was the sport of these three person-
alities in a manner which makes his book
most excellent reading for the layman, the
physiologist, and the student of psychology.
The story appeals to every one who is inter-
ested in the problem of Dr. Jekyll and Mr.
Hyde, in metempsychosis, in Dr. Deo and
crystal vision, in the phenomena of " petit
mal," ecstasy, and sudden conversion. It
is well told, it is true, and it ends happily
in a synthesis of the various faculties to
reconstitute a healthy " Miss Beauchamp " —
in other words, Dr. Prince is able to say that
lie cured his patient, and that she has re-
mained herself, an undivided personality,
for many months past. The physiologist
is taught how great a part is played by the
cerebral cortex, and how intimate is its
connexion with the great basal ganglia of
the brain, which receive impressions from
the various organs of sense and transmit
impulses to the different parts of the body.
The pathologist will learn that just as in the
intestine and in muscle there may be local
spasms and cramps which stimulate or
throw out of action definite tracts without
interfering with the whole structure, so in
the brain one or more groups of the highest
cells may act independently or in antagonism
to the rest of the intellectual centres, and
thus give rise to the condition known as dual
consciousness or disintegrated personality.
The student of psychology, though he may
suspend his judgment until Dr. Prince pub-
lishes the conclusions drawn from the case
of " Miss Beauchamp," will feel that good
service has been done to science by the
detailed study of a not uncommon case of
abnormal psychology.
EXPOSITION DE LA SOCIETE
FRANCAISE DE PHYSIQUE.
The Societe Francaise de Physique held
their annual exhibition of apparatus in their
spacious building in the Rue de Rennes
from the 19th to the 21st ult. The exhibits
were mainly electrical, and the centre of
interest to most of the visitors was a
tall electrometer swathed in crape in
memory of its designer, the unfortunate
Pierre Curie, who was run over and killed
on the day of the opening. Medical and
surgical applications of X rays, high-
frequency currents, and electricity of all
kinds seem to be on the increase in Paris,
and much attention is evidently being paid
to improvements in the mode of their pro-
duction.
A great part of the entresol was devoted
to the exhibit of MM. Gaiffe, whose appa-
ratus is for the most part constructed on
the suggestions of M. d'Arsonval, of the
Institut, and here was prominent the appa-
ratus for producing all the phenomena of
induction without the intervention of a coil
which was described some time since in
' Research Notes.' As we said, it consists
in effect of a transformer with closed
magnetic circuit, which can be used with but
slight modification upon either an alternat-
ing or continuous supply, together with the
condensers and resistances for " blowing "
the spark-gap devised by M. d'Arsonval.
As shown at the Societe de Physique, the
apparatus proved to be wonderfully efficient
for all the purposes for which it is designed,
the change from the production of high-
frequency current to the illumination of
X-ray tubes being effected in less than
30 seconds. An ingenious stand for X-ray
tubes designed by Dr. Barret was exhibited
by the same firm and a " resonnateur " due
to Capitaino Forri6 for varying at will the
wave-length of a high-froquoncy curront.
Elsewhere in the building is to be seen
a large induction coil made by M. Car-
pentier on the system of M. Klingelfuss,
of Basle, according to which the winding
of each turn of the secondary is spaced so as
to accord with the curront inducod in it.
Another induction coil, oxhibitod by MM.
Malaquin and Poulignier for its inventor,
M. Ropiquet, of Amiens, seemed to be
designed on somothing of the same principle
as tho last, the insulation hero increasing
with the potential of tho different turns, and
a groat oconomy of space boing claimod for
it. In appearance this resembles the well-
known " transformateur " of M. do Roche-
fort, being set on end in a jar of some viscous
dielectric, while the tension at one pole of the
machine is so much greater than at the other
that the best effects can be obtained by
" earthing" the inferior terminal. M. Ancel
also showed a specially constructed coil on
the Ruhmkorff principle, in which the wind-
ing of the primary coil is variable according
to the interrupter employed, a different
winding being used for the electrolytic as
opposed to the mechanical break.
Before leaving this branch of the subject
we must also notice the static machine
of M. Francois, which he claims is an im-
provement on the familiar model of Wims-
hurst, the plate used for induction being fixed
while only the other disk revolves. M.
Francois explains that by this principle, which
has been already used by Topler, he obtains
a higher potential and greater quietness in
working, while the life of the operative parts
of the machine is proportionately prolonged.
The induction plates are not circular, but
polygonal, and both in simplicity and in
economy of space the machine seems to
have some advantages over its rivals. At
a time when many medical electricians and
radiographers are abandoning the induction
coil for the static machine, this model is
worth inspection.
To turn to other matters, the firm of
Ducretet exhibited some very ingenious
instruments for the production and study
of the curves of Lissajous, and these, like
everything turned out by this well-known
house, were models of finish. They included
apparatus for demonstrating graphically
the curves traced by a pendulum subjected
to mechanical liquid, or magnetic friction,
and were for the most part designed by M.
Chassagny. If anything, they erred on the
side of over-elaboration ; but that which
enabled one to obtain Lissajous curves in
unison, octave by octave, deserves special
mention. There were also shown an hygro-
meter by M. Nodon, registering by a needle
and dial the changes caused in a spiral
of gelatine by the moisture produced by
the breath or otherwise ; and an " energe-
tometre " by M. Charles Henry, registering
at once the heat expended, the muscular
energy used, and the amount of carbonic
oxide exhaled by the human organism
within a given space of time. A very com-
plete exhibit by M. G. Urbain also showed
in a striking form the fluorescence of nearly
all the rare earths ; and MM. Radiguet and
Massiot gave an exhibit by projection of the
experiments in tho photography of colours
devised by M. Lippmann, and previously
described in these columns (see Athenmum,
No. 4063). Other photographic apparatus
was displayed in great abundance, together
with the many glyphoscopes, verascopes,
and other optical toys with which we are
already familiar, and the new arrange-
ments for improving the efficiency of the
kinematograph. Of these, the creoscope —
which is in effect a kaleidoscope in which
the images can be reproduced at will, and
photographod — is said to bo of practical use
in tho designing of textilo fabrics and of
jewellery.
From the purely scientific view, the most
striking object to bo seen was perhaps tho
exhibit of MM. Cotton and Mont on. pre-
senting the effects of a magnetic field on
cortain solutions of colloids. The piano of
polarization in those last was shown to be
rotated by tho fiold. being " doxtro^yre,"
as tho inventors put it. in some oases, and
" laarogyre " when the current <>f the electro-
magnet was reversed. This effort was pre-
sented through prisms ; hut another exhibit
-,.-)<)
THE ATHEN^UM
N°4097, Mat 5, 1906
showed the same solution made into a jolly
with gelatine, and suspended in a powerful
magnetic field, where it was said to behavo
itself in every respect like a transparent
magnet. The' solution employed was de-
scribed as a " hydroxydo colloidale de fer,"
but in the absence of the experimenters
it was impossible to ascertain whether this
particular colloid was ferro- or para-magnetic.
It would be as well for any one interested
to watch for the details of the experiment,
which will no doubt bo given in the Journal
de Physique. Simpler exhibits were the
excellent photographs of M. Stephane Leduc
(of Nantes) showing the images of the electric
sparks produced by induction coils with
different interruptors and in varying cir-
cumstances, and also a set of plates chroni-
cling the history of the artificial cells in
nutrient solutions produced by different
inorganic substances. The last are, of
course, the earliest forms of those " radi-
obes," eobes, and the like which have of late
had rather a notorious history.
The usual supply of electrometers, galvano-
meters^— some of the last very ingenious —
switchboards, mercury and other lamps,
and improvements in photographic and
optical instruments completed a very in-
teresting exhibition. Lectures were given
during its continuance by Dr. Rubens,
of Charlottenburg, on the radiations of
incandescent gas mantles and the demonstra-
tion of stationary acoustic waves ; by M.
Brunhes on the magnetism of volcanic rocks ;
and by M. Matignon on the application of
the electric furnace to the metallurgy of iron.
SOCIETIES.
Microscopical. — April 18. — Mr. O. C. Karop,
"V.P., in the chair. — Dr. Hebb exhibited and
described a simple and effective form of apparatus
for obtaining blood for bacteriological examination
and cultivation. He also showed some cultures of
bacteria on blood serum and agar which were pre-
served in formalin. The cultures were killed, and
at the same time mounted by pouring into the test
tube 10 per cent, formalin, on the top of which
was placed a mixture of melted paraffin wax and
vaselin. When cool this formed an airtight and
stable cylindrical stopper. Dr. Hebb remarked
that the method was not adapted fcr all cultures,
as some were dissolved off the surface by the pre-
servative fluid. He also exhibited some test tubes
containing sterilized nutrient broth, and plugged in
the same way as the cultures previously described.
The object of the plug was to allow the tubes to be
transported from place to place without damage to
or loss of the medium. To remove the plug it was
merely necessary to warm the tube. The latter
two devices were due to the ingenuity of Mr. F.
Chopping, the laboratory assistant at the West-
minster Hospital. — A series of lantern-slides, being
photomicrographs of the microscopic sections and
preparations, illustrative of plant structure, Mas
then shown upon the screen. The slides had been
prepared by Mr. A. Flatters, of Manchester. They
were coloured by hand in exact imitation of the
stained preparations, and were copies of the photo-
graphs reproduced in his work ' Methods in Micro-
scopical Research.' The slides, 86 in number,
comprised sections of roots, stems, and leaves,
growing points of buds, germination and growth of
seeds, fertilization of ovary of wheat, uredo in
barberry and wheat, cell division, &e. The
excellence of the photographs and the exceptionally
fine way in which the}' were coloured were par-
ticularly remarked.
Royal Institution. — May 1. — Animal Meeting.
— The Duke of Northumberland in the chair. —
The Annual Report of the Committee of Visitors
for 1905, testifying to the continued prosperity of
the Institution, was read and adopted ; and the
Report on the Davy Faraday Research Laboratory
of the Royal Institution, which accompanied it,
was also read. Forty-five new Members were
elected in 190."). The books and pamphlets pre-
Bented amounted to about 254 volumes, making,
with tj',17 volumes (including periodicals bound)
purchased by the Managers, a total of 9.31 volumes
added to the library in the year. — The following
gentlemen were elected as officers for the ensuing
year : President, The Duke of Northumberland ;
Treasurer, Sir James Crichton -Browne ; Secretary,
Sir William Crookes ; Managers, Sir William de W.
Abney, Lord Alverstone, Earl Cathcart, Dr. A. H.
Church, Dr. F. Elgar, Dr. D. W. C. Hood, Mr. M.
Horner, Sir William Huggins, Lord Kelvin,
Mr. H. F. Making, Dr. Ludwig Mond, Sir R.
Douglas Powell, Lord Sanderson, Mr. Alexander
Siemens, and Sir James Stirling ; Visitor.*, Dr. J.
Mitchell Bruce, Mr. Dngald Clerk, Sir John G.
Craggs, Mr. H. Cunynghame, Mr. 6. F. Deacon,
Mr. E. Dent, the Rev. J. H. Ellis, Mr. R. K.
Gray, Mr. C. E. Groves, Mr. F. G. Henriques,
Mr.' A. C. Ionides, Mr. C. E. Melchers, Mr. E. R.
Merton, Mr. H. Swithinbank, and Mr. G. P.
Willoughby.
Mathematical. — April 26. — Prof. A. R.
Forsyth, President, in the chair. — The President
referred to the death of Mr. R. Rawson, and gave
an account of his contributions to mathematics. —
The following papers were communicated : ' Per-
petuants and Contra-Perpetuants,' by Prof. E. B.
Elliott, — 'On a Set of Intervals about the Rational
Numbers,' by Mr. A. R. Richardson, — ' Some
Theorems connected with Abel's Theorem on the
Continuity of Power Series,' by Mr. G. H. Hardy,
— ' A Question in the Theory of Aggregates ' and
' The Canonical Forms of the Ternary Sextic and
Quaternary Quartic,' by Prof. A. C. Dixon, — ' On
the Question of the Existence of Transfinite
Numbers,' by Mr. P. E. B. Jourdain, — ' On the
Accuracy of Interpolation by Finite Differences,'
by Mr. W. F. Sheppard,— ' On Two Cubic Curves
in Triangular Relation,' by Prof. F. Morley, — and
' On the Geometrical Interpretation of Apolar
Binary Forms,' by Mr. C. F. Russell.
Challenger. — April 2,3.— Mr. E. W. L. Holt
in the chair. —Dr. S. F. Harmer exhibited and
made remarks on four species of Cephalodiscus, of
which three had been recently described by him ;
he referred to others from the Discovery and
Antarctica expeditions. — Mr. J. 0. Borley exhi-
bited charts of positions in the North Sea where,
by means of a heavy conical dredge with canvas
lining, samples of bottom deposits had been taken
by the Marine Biological Association's steamer
Huxley. He showed in action a sifting machine
designed by Mr. Todd and himself for grading
these deposits : sieves of various mesh, hung in
water, were made to vibrate horizontally at high
speed by an eccentric worked by an ordinary
whirling-table. There were also exhibited speci-
mens of the gravel, fine sand, and silt met with ;
charts of their distribution showing the extreme
uniformity of the bottom in large areas of the
Eastern parts of the North Sea ; and diagrams
indicating the very definite meaning attaching to
fishermen's descriptive terms for the bottom. —
Mr. E. T. Browne read a preliminary paper on
Medusa* collected from H.M.S. Research by Dr.
Fowler in the Bay of Biscay. The Trachomedusre
predominated over the other orders, three species
forming about 85 per cent, of the specimens col-
lected (Ag/antha rosea, 42 p.c. ; Aglaura hemistoma,
27 p.c. ; Hhopalonema caeruleum, 15 p.c.). These
were chiefly taken between 50 and 100 fathoms.
A few rather rare species were taken below 100
fathoms ; for example, Colobonema tericeum, one
of the new deep-sea Medusa; discovered by the
Valdivia. The most interesting find was a Nareo-
medusan, probably a new spocies of Cunoctacantha,
which had a number of medusa-buds in all stages
of development upon the stomach-pouches : the
buds were not parasitic, as in other species of
Cunoctacantha and Cunina, but develope directly
from outgrowths of the stomach-wall. This forms
a straightforward case of asexual gemmation, such
as occurs in some Anthomedusa*.
British Numismatic. — April 25. —Mr. Carlyon-
Britton, President, in the chair. — The Society of
Antiquaries, the American Numismatic and
Archaeological Society, the Cincinnati Public
Library, and Messrs. R. W. Martin and R.
Heming were elected to membership. — Col. H. YV.
Morrieson read a paper on ' The Busts of James I.
on his Silver Coins,' in which he called attention
to the fact that during the twenty-two year- ol
this king's reign the portraiture on his money was-
changed no fewer than six times. Most of these-
changes occurred during the first ten years, and
Col. Morrieson drew an inference of the king's
personal interest in them. The first portrait
appeared in 1603, and was anything but pleasing -
but in the following March the king and queen
are recorded as having visited the Mint, and
immediately what was probably a very nattering
representation of James was issued to the public-
on his own money. — Mr. J. B. Caldecott con-
tributed a paper in which, under the heading
' Popular Numismatics,' he urged the historical
importance of this subject as an educational
factor, and advocated that an endeavour should
be made to increase the general interest in it by
means of illustrated lectures and exhibitions at
our advanced schools. — Presentations to the
Soeiety's library and collection were made by
the Deputy Master of the Mint, Messrs. Spink &
Son, Mr. Baldwin, and Mr. Needes. Mr. W.
Sharp Ogden and Mr. Lawrence contributed a
special exhibition of Stuart coin - weights and
scales ; and Mr. Needes showed a group of war
medals.
meetings next week.
Hen.
Tces.
Royal Institution. 5. — General Monthly Meeting.
Surveyors' Institution. 7.— Junior Meeting.
Society of Engineers. 7.30.— 'The Chemistry and Bacteriology
of Potable Waters.' Mr. P. Sommenille.
Aristotelian. 8.— 'Aristotle's Theory of Knowledge,' Dr. O.
Dawes Hicks.
Society of Arts. 8.—' Ivory in Commerce and in the Arts,"
Lecture III., Mr. A. Maskell. (Cantor Lecture.i
Geographical, 8 .'to. — ' From the Victoria Nyanza to Kilima-
njaro,' Col. G. E. Smith.
Asiatic. 4. — Annual Meeting.
— Royal Institution. 5.— 'Glands and their Products,' Lecture L-
Prof. W. Stirling.
— Colonial Institute, 8.— 'India under British Rule," Mr. A.
Sawtell.
— Society of Arts, 8.—' Damascening and the Inlaying and
Ornamenting of Metallic Surfaces.' Mr. S. Cowper-Ooleg.
Wed. Geological, 8.— 'The Eruption of Vesuvius in April. 1906.' Prof.
Giuseppe de Lorenzo; 'The Ordovician Rocks of Wi -
Carmarthenshire.' Mr. I). C. Evans.
— Society of Arts, 8.—' Bridge Building by means of Caissons^
including Remarks uiK>n Compressed Air Illness,' Prof. T.
.Oliver.
— Dante. 8.30.— 'Dante and St. Thomas Aquinas,' Very Rev.
Father S. Bowden.
Thi-us. Royal, 4.30.
— Royal Institution, 5.— 'The Expansion of Old Greek Litera-
ture by Recent Discoveries.' Rev. J. P. Mahaffy.
— Institution of Electrical Engineers, 8.— Discussion on 'Long-
Flame Arc Lamps.'
— Society of Antiquaries, 8.30.
Fur. Astronomical, 5.
— Physical, 8— 'The Effect of a Rapid Discharge on the Throw of
a Galvanometer,' Mr. A. Russell.
— Royal Institution. 9. — 'Some Astronomical Consequences of
the Pressure of Light.' Prof. ,T. H. Poynting.
Royal Institution, 3.— 'Enelish Furniture in the Eighteenth!
Century,' Lecture III.. Prof. C. Waldstein.
Sat.
%titntt (5ossip.
We hear that the Council of the Marine-
Biological Association has revived the office
of Chairman of the Council, which has been
for some years in abeyance. The gentleman
selected for the post is Mr. A. E. Shiplew
F.R.S.
At the Royal Institute of Public Health,,
in Russell Square, the Harben Lectures for
1906 will be delivered in French by Prof.
Metchnikoff. The first is fixed for May 25th,
and the others are on May 28th and 30th.
Among the Parliamentary Papers of the
week are the Report of H.M.'s Astronomer
at the Capo of Good Hope, 1905 (2d.) ; and
Report by Mr. Dawo on a Botanical Mission
through the Forest Districts of Buddu and
the Western and Nile Provinces of the
Uganda Protectorate (Is. 5d.).
A correspondent of the Allahabad
Pioneer gives an interesting account of a
recent ascent of the Takt-i-Suliman, the
loftiest peak of tho Suliman range on the
western frontier of India. This peak
derives its name from the tradition that
Solomon, when being transported tlvrough
the air on carrying off his Indian bride
Balkis, ordered the genii supporting his
throne to halt on this peak, so that she might
have a last look at her native land. On the
spot on which the throne was placed a ziarat,
or slirine, was subsequently erected, and thia
N°4097, Mayo, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
551
inaccessible spot, a sort of eagle's nest on the
pinnacle of a lofty mountain, became the
•object of veneration to Hindu and Mussul-
man alike. In more recent years it has
become the mark of the climber whose ambi-
tion is to reach unknown altitudes. »$g| 2$ <y\
ppjTHE mountain . consists of two parallel
ridges, the Kaisa Ghor of 11,300 ft., and the
Takt itself of 11,070 ft. The country in
which the peak stands is occupied by the
Pathan tribe called the Sheranis. In 1884
Sir Thomas Holdich took his survey from
the Kaisa Ghor, leaving the Takt alone ; and
in 1890 Sir George White reached a point
■some distance below both the peak and the
shrine. In 1892 the late Major Maclvor
and the present Col. Sir A. H. MacMahon
ascended the peak and visited the shrine,
and, so far as records go, were the first
Europeans to accomplish the feat. In
November, 1905, they were succeeded by
the party whose visit is described in The
Pioneer.
This expedition was composed of Col.
Chenevix - Trench, Capt. Loring, Lieut.
Trenchard, R.E., and Mr. E. P. Stebbing,
the -writer of the account. In the actual
ascent a Gurkha sepoy and a man of the
"Zhob levy took part, and the guides were the
Sherani malik Syed Khan and his brother
Inam Khan, who had scaled the peak before.
The main object before the expedition was
to inquire into the causes of the devastation
of the valuable chilgoza forests that cover
the Suliman range. The ascent of the Takt
was consequently an incident in a border
•expedition for a serious and general purpose.
The great initial difficulty arose from the
absence of water, which had to be carried in
tanks on the backs of mules. The party
• encamped the night before the ascent on a
spot below Gardao, at an altitude, apparently,
of 8,500 ft. ; and the actual ascent was
accomplished on November 11th, 1905.
Dtjbing the final stage the maliks chanted
-weird dirges in honour of the shrine, and
at last the glacis of the peak was reached.
Here a narrow path — never wider than 4 ft.
— skirted the sheer wall of the rock, with a
precipice of thousands of feet on the other
side. But for a distance of thirty yards this
ledge disappeared, and there remained just
a number of projecting well-worn stepping-
places. This strip was got over in stockinged
feet, and by holding on to any projections in
the sheer wall of the rock. The Gurkha was
the only man in the party who seemed to
like it. At last the summit of the Takt was
reached in safety ; but the summit is of
small importance in comparison with the
ziarat, which is placed on a ledge about
twenty feet below the top of the rock, and
overlooking a precipice that descends sheer
to the plain of Derajat. The visitor has to
descend from the top of the rock, and as there
is an outward curve in it, there is a seeming
•drop into space before him. By means of
hand-holes the descent can be made without
much danger ; but the Englishmen found it
expedient, owing to the slipperiness of the
Tock, to descend in their stockings, and
some of them even with bare feet. The
shrine did not repay the trouble and danger
of visiting it, but the party made the custom-
ary offering by hammering a little stick into
the earth under the outer wall. The Gurkha
improved on this by tying a rag to one of
the numerous poles placed by devotees on
the precipice above the ziarat, and by carving
his name, in English and Nepalese, on the
grave of a notable person who had chosen
the Takt for his burial-place.
The visitation of the Royal Observatory,
Greenwich, is usually held on the first
Saturday in June, but as that day this
year immediately precedes Whitsuntide, it
will be held on the previous Wednesday, the
30th inst.
Dr. Zwiers, of Ley den, publishes in
No. 4085 of the Astronomische Xachrichten
an ephemeris of Holmes's periodical comet
for the return due this year. That comet
was discovered on November 6th, 1892,
and calculated to have a period of about
Of years. It duly returned in 1899, but
was exceedingly faint at that appearance,
and was only discernible with very large
telescopes, being last seen by Prof. Perrine
at the Lick Observatory on January 20th,
1900. This year the return to perihelion
was due on March 14th, but the comet will
continue to approach the earth until Novem-
ber 13th, when its distance from us will be
P88 in terms of the earth's mean distance
from the sun, the present distance being
2-99, or about 278,000,000 miles. It is now
situated in the constellation Pisces, moving
towards Aries ; but the prospect of its
becoming visible is not very great. The
eccentricity of this comet's orbit is only
0'41, less than that of any other, and not
much exceeding those of some of the small
planets.
Five new small planets are announced
from the Konigstuhl Observatory, Heidel-
berg, all by Prof. Wolf : three on the 13th
ult., one on the 16th, and another on the
17th ; the last may possibly be identical
with No. 394, which was discovered by
Borrelly at Marseilles on November 19th,
1894, and afterwards named Arduina.
Prof. M. axd Herr G. Wolf also announce
four new variable stars in the constellation
Orion. One of these, var. 36, 1906, Orionis,
never appears to exceed 12*5 magnitude ;
var. 37, 1906, Orionis, sometimes reaches
11 "5 ; but var. 38, 1906, Orionis, is only
of the twelfth magnitude at brightest. The
last of the four, designated var. 39, 1906,
Orionis, attains 10*5 magnitude when
brightest. All sink below the thirteenth
when faintest.
In March, 1904, Prof. Ceraski, of Moscow,
announced that a star in the constellation
Cygnus, which had been noted as variable by
Madame Ceraski from plates taken by M.
Blajko, and is designated var. 14, 1904,
Cygni, had the remarkably short period of
about 3'2 hours. Since that time no more has
been heard from him about it, but, at the re-
quest of Prof. Muller, of Potsdam, Dr. Graff,
of the Hamburg Observatory, made in the
early part of this year a series of careful
observations of the star's light, and finds
the period to amount to 3h-2363, or about
3 hours 14 minutes 11 seconds. The maxi-
mum and minimum magnitudes are 104
and 11*1 respectively.
FINE ARTS
Mediaeval Rhodesia. By David Randall-
Maclver, Laycock Student of Egypto-
logy at Worcester College, Oxford.
(Macmillan & Co.)
As the title of this work implies, it con-
tains Mr. Randall-Maclver's demonstration
that the " prehistoric " remains of Zim-
babwe are really " mediaeval " — that is.
that they were built in times which corre-
spond to what are called in Europe the
" .Middle Ages," though the expression is
hardly applicable to Central Africa. He
establishes this by exploration of the ruins
themselves, and by comparison with other
ruins in Rhodesia : far away to the
north-east, as at Umtali, Inyanga, and a
district covering 50 square miles, and
beginning 10 miles from Inyanga, which
he proposes to call the Niekirk ruins ; to
the west, as at Dhlo-dhlo, 16 miles from
Insiza station, and Nanatali, 14 miles
from Shangani siding, both to the north
of Bulawayo ; and Khami, to the south
of Bulawayo. He speaks of Zimbabwe
as nearly due south of Umtali, and not far
from the Portuguese border ; but accord-
ing to the maps the distance exceeds
100 miles, and the direction is west of
south. It is an omission in Mr. Randall-
Maclver's work that, though it relates to
a large district, it contains no map. From
Umtali, the most eastern point explored
by him, to Khami, the most western, is
a distance of 300 miles (much more
by train) ; while the Zimbabwe ruins are
about midway between the two. No
geographical system is followed in the
arrangement of the book, and the following
notes of the discoveries described in it are
given, as nearly as possible, in regular
order from east to west — an order which
appears to correspond fairly with the
chronological sequence of the remains.
First, then, at Umtali, which is close to
the frontier of Portuguese East Africa,
Mr. E. M. Andrews has explored some
circles of unhewn stone, and an oblong
building, the stones of which were some-
what dressed. Here were a structure
which is called an " altar," some soapstone
carvings, copper objects, and fragments
of pottery.
At Inyanga, about 60 miles due north
from Umtali, Mr. Randall-Maclver found
four ancient forts, each roughly about
three miles distant from the farm of
100,000 acres which belonged to Cecil
Rhodes, and from each fort signals might
be sent to another. These forts are
irregularly elliptical in outline, following
the contour of the hills. All over the
neighbourhood are pit dwellings, erro-
neously described as " slave pits."
The Niekirk ruins have never been
reported on and have been seldom visited.
They consist of structures enclosed in an
innumerable series of walls, row on row,
covering plateau and hill alike so thickly
that it is fatiguing and difficult to make
way across them. Each of nine or ten
hills forms a separate unit, complete with
its own buildings, surrounded by its own
walls, only a few feet apart, till it reaches
the outermost wall of its neighbour. The
buildings are forts, pit dwellings, and huts
of simple form. In one place, termed
the place of " offerings," pottery and
fragments of animal bones were found.
This appears to be as far north as Mr.
Randall-Maclver proceeded, and before
we record what he found in places further
west geographical order leads us to
state the discoveries made by him in
Zimbabwe itself. The most north-easterly
portion of these ruins appears to be the
" Acropolis."' where a hill that rises pre-
cipitously to a height of from 2<Ht to 3*M)
feel above the valiev has been converted,
by the ingenuity of the builders, into an
almost impregnable stronghold. The
552
THE ATHENjEUM
N°4097, May 5, 1906
engineers of the negro capital neglected do
opportunity which nature offered them.
These remains have never been exhaust-
ively explored, and the author, who
himself was prevented from under-
taking' excavations by the limited time
at his disposal, hopes that some really
patient and conscientious observer may
devote a good many months to studying
them. In the valley there are a num-
ber of detached ruins, of which our
author describes only the Philips ruins.
It does not appear whether he explored
any others. An excellent photograph
shows the rounded entrance to this build-
ing, where a groove indicates that upright
stones formerly bounded the doorway.
Through the entrance appears a cylinder
of masonry, and behind that the elliptical
buttress of a doorway joining an angle
of wall ; but the walls are, as usual, not
bonded into each other. The lower
portion of that angle of wall is covered
with cement.
Further south is the elliptical " temple."
This is known to history only by the
testimony of two Portuguese chroniclers,
writing in 1552 and 15C6, neither of whom
had seen it. They do not assert its anti-
quity, though that seems to be implied
in their accounts. Here Mr. Randall-
Maclver found pottery exactly like modern
Kaffir pottery, in association with objects
of copper, spindle whorls, and other things
indistinguishable from those in use by
the Makalanga of to-day. His description
of the ruin is illustrated by a reproduction
of Mr. Franklin White's careful plan. The
outer walls are of extraordinary massive-
ness, standing in places over 30 feet high,
and 14 feet wide at the broadest part of
the summit, built of granite slabs roughly
trimmed and without mortar. The ruins
are distinguishable from those in other
places by their greater dimensions and
more massive construction. There is one
unique feature, the conical tower, measur-
ing 56 feet in circumference at the base.
From the discovery of Arabic glass and
Nankin china in the enclosures, the author
infers that the date of the " temple "
cannot be earlier than the fourteenth or
fifteenth century, the period of the Arabic
glass, and is probably even a century
later.
More than 100 miles to the west is
Nanatali, a beautiful little ruin, the whole
building being contained within an ellip-
tical wall, of which the greatest diameter
is about 150 feet. Here all the four forms
of decoration which are found in various
parts of Zimbabwe — the chevron, herring-
bone, chess-board, and cord — are carried
round the enclosure. A portion of the
facade is ornamented with monoliths of
stone. The cement walls of the internal
huts are still standing to the height of
4 feet. Objects of copper, iron, soapstone,
and pottery were found.
Sixteen miles further west is Dhlo-dhlo.
This has been surveyed by Mr. Franklin
White. Here are three walls, rising one
behind the other in tiers. Below the un-
broken cement floor of the internal build-
ings were found objects of copper, iron,
tin, glass, and two fragments of Nankin
china.
The other side of Bulawayo, and 14
miles to the south of it, is Khami, where
Mr. Randall-Maelver examined four groups
of ruins. Here in the debris heaps were
found objects of copper, bronze, enamelled
bronze, iron, tin, bone, china, ivory, soap-
stone, glass, and earthenware, and also
some poorly worked stone implements.
The present reviewer considers the
author's competence undoubted, and his
conclusion that all these imposing struc-
tures are of negro origin satisfactory. Once
admitted, it clears the ground of a number
of fanciful speculations that have been
based on incomplete, and in some respects
inaccurate, information. We have marked
with inverted commas a number of expres-
sions that are of a question-begging cha-
racter, derived in part from these specula-
tions, but, though they have obtained
currency, we wish the author had had the
courage to substitute for them others that
are merely descriptive. His summing-up
is thus happily expressed : —
" Surely it is a prosaic mind that sees no
romance in the partial opening of this new
chapter in the history of vanished cultures.
A corner is lifted of that veil which has
shrouded the forgotten but not irrecoverable
past of the African negro. Were I a
Rhodesian I should feel that in studying the
contemporary natives in order to unravel
the story of the ruins I had a task as romantic
as any student could desire. I should feel
that in studying the ruins in order thereby
to gain a knowledge of the modern races I
had an interest that the politician should
support and that the scholar must envy."
Controversy is now proceeding on the
question of the date of these African
ruins, but the subject is too complicated
to be discussed in the brief space of our
columns.
Impressions of Japanese Architecture and
the Allied Arts. By R. A. Cram. Illustrated.
(John Lane.) — Mr. Cram, in his finely illus-
trated and somewhat gorgeously \vritten
volume, can scarcely find language adequate
to express his admiration of Japanese art
in all its branches, architectural, pictorial,
glyptic, or decorative. He writes : —
"there is every reason to believe that in the
highest reaches of art, in subtle reminder and
re-creation of the accumulated past, in the dim
foreshadowing of a future, the painters of Japan
far excel those of our own race Leonardo,
Giorgione, Botticelli, Diirer, Rossetti."
He adds the enigmatic sentence : —
"I say there is every reason to believe this, for
actually we cannot know, we of the West to whom
they of the East are as of another planet."
In a word, the East, especially the Japanese
East, transcends the West in a manner and
degree beyond all comparison and beyond
all Western comprehension.
This, of course, is criticism run mad, or
rather no criticism at all. The natural re-
ligions of, the Far East show no trace of
imagination or beauty in their mythologies ;
their Buddhism is mainly a mere superstition
compared with the teachings of the immacu-
lately born son of Maya. The art of these
people is a conventional rendering of natural
forms, characterized by the purity of taste
in colour and line distinctive of all forms
of art, even the most savage, that have not
come under the destructive influence of
mechanical reproduction for markets which
care only for cheupness. Even the Japanese
are made of the same clay as other folk, and
the charm of their artistic work (real enough
within its limits) is due in the first place to
its close adherence to Chinese models in
every particular — to the Chinese models,
that is to say, of the great period of Chinese
history, the Thang to the Ming dynasties
inclusive — and in the second place to its
preservation (due to the practical isolation
of Japan from the rest of the world from
the ninth century to the nineteenth) of its
natural conventionalities unspoilt by the
influence of markets and mechanisms.
The architecture of Japan is revealed
mainly in the Buddhist temples, none of
which, as an examination of their woodwork
has convinced us in every case we have
tested, can be much, if at all, older than
the Tokugawa dynasty. They are wholly
Chinese, ultimately Indian, in structure,
and they do often in truth suggest a spirit-
uality " that is quite overpowering." But
it is upon the European beholder that the
inner gloom, the enormous roofs, the impos-
ing portals, the bronze lacquer and glyptic
decoration within and without, the peculiar
fragrances — perhaps, above all, the pictur-
esque embowered sites — make the " impres-
sions " which Mr. Cram so eloquently re-
cords. We have never met with any Japanese,
clerical or other, educated or not, in whom
we could detect any sentiment of the kind.
In the latter days of the Shogunate Con-
fucianism and revived Shinto thrust all
that was Buddhist into the background ;
while in the seventies and eighties the temples
of Buddhism were neglected and its servants
despised. In the present day it may be
said that all professorial and literary Japan
regards both Shinto and Buppo as mere
superstitions ; whUe official Japan treats
both forms of cult with respect, solely on
account of their political utility.
It cannot be too strongly stated that most
of what is written about the " mysterious "
East is not to be trusted. In the Middle
and Nearer East, still overshadowed by the
great religions of the past, an archaic habit
of thought survives that has, for most
of us, its " mystery," and in its mystery
most of its charm. But the Far East is a
different East altogether, as its languages-
and literatures amply prove. It is over-
lucid rather than mysterious ; the phases-
of Far-Eastern history are Western in cha-
racter, not Eastern ; the highest aim has
been always the material well-being of the
State (as conceived under inevitable limit a
tions of knowledge, and in the absence of
that observation the exercise of which Greece
and Rome first taught to the world), and
never the supremacy of a religion or a philo-
sophy, or the development of an imaginative
literature or art. We are always looking
for profundities which do not exist, and so
come to misunderstand the solid realities,
and view them as symbols merely of ideas
which exist oidy in our own fertile and
inventive Western minds.
The details of Mr. Cram's book we have
not space to consider ; to our mind the most
important chapter in it is that dealing with
Japanese sculpture, which, based on a more
or less close imitation of Chinese, ultimately
Indian models, attained a very high degree
of power, but apparently never sought after
beavity. This chapter is admirably illus-
trated, and wo do not remember any work
in which its subject is so well and instruc-
tively handled.
N° 4097, May 5, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
553
THE ROYAL ACADEMY.
(First Notice.)
" THE EXHIBITION PICTURE."
It is questionable whether the Royal
Academy is approached quite from the
right point of view by many art critics.
They seem to take, say, the National Gallery
as the type of what an art collection ought
to be, and, seeing in it but a number of
pictures that were once " contemporary "
works even as ours, ask themselves how
our modern examples will look when, having
passed the period of probation, that is the
present, they come at last to share with
these the calm consideration of retrospective
criticism. This question, interesting enough
in its way, is unprofitable, save in so far as,
by being always answered in the same way,
it may be salutary in humbling the too
successful modern painter. It is much as
though one were to be perpetually insisting
on the degeneracy of the modern elephant
as compared with the mammoth — a thing
needless in a world that has really no place
for mammoths, and has every year less use
even for elephants. It is more important,
while yet a little art lingers among us, to
seek to establish a closer correspondence
between the work that artists produce and
the needs of the public.
The Royal Academy, rightly considered,
has many points of resemblance with an
invention of modern philanthropy which is
known as the jumble sale. It is a device
for relieving the press of poverty, just as the
Royal Academy is a device — clumsy, perhaps,
but forced upon us by the times — for dealing
with the dearth of imagination and want of
beauty that oppress us all. The jumble sale
is a hotchpotch of every sort of contribution,
collected for the benefit of the utterly poor
from the slightly less poor, just as the Royal
Academy is a random collection of anything
that may serve to feed the artistic famine
of the crowd that flocks hither, conscious
of wanting something, but hardly knowing
what. Consequently the critic at the
Academy finds himself much in the position
of the obliging curate from the next parish
who is asked to open the jumble sale with
a few well-chosen words, and finds himself
at a loss before the confusion of objects that
confronts him. Does he in this predicament
endeavour to appraise the relative value
of these objects got together for a charitable
purpose, noticing those that are of most
intrinsic value, and lamenting from time to
time the want of harmony in the appearance
of the saleroom ? Not if he be wise and
realizes his function. It is his to unravel
from this confusion what there is that answers
each need, and similar is the task of the
critic at the Academy. Here are displayed
a bundle of talents and aptitudes, mostly
out of place : if they were performing their
functions in a healthy manner, they would
probably not be at the jumble sale, the
place pre-eminently where a man sends
what he himself has no use for. Yet they
are not on that account intrinsically value-
less. It is for the critic to suggest where these
powers would best be placed, for art is very
largely a matter of putting things in their
rifiht place, and many a painter who reason-
ably excites derision by the most foolish
Academy picture might deserve admiration,
if he could only be drawn away to do the
kind of work he is fitted for.
J * Approaching, then, this great exhibition
with the inquiry put to each painter of what
he can do for us, we are met by one main
difference which divides the work into two
broadly contrasted classes of picture each
having a raison d'etre of its own, but each
usually sacrificing its own proper qualities
to empty pretence of possessing those of the
other. There was a time when the Academy
was a collection of works, the individual
components of which one might conceivably
like to possess — when pictures were painted
to stand the strain of such intimate acquaint-
ance. Gradually, as the show has become
more the resort of the curious, and less of
the buying amateur, this has become less
the case, and not a little of the enormous
revenue that the Academy gains from its
shilling admission fees is due to the presence,
the almost preponderating presence, of
works whose aim is not to achieve permanent
beauty, but to offer a passing entertainment.
Mr. Edwin Abbey is on the whole the greatest
master of the modern Academy picture, and
he is represented here by a large work
(No. 143), Columbus in the New World. Mr.
Abbey is not a proud man, and disdains
none of the arts of pleasing ; the picture
is consequently full of the little tricks of
deception, the accidents of light and reflec-
tion that seem in their place in smaller
works of more intimate observation. But
he has attractions as a decorator to offer as
well, and the sky diapered with flying
flamingoes offers a touch of the unexpected
which would be striking enough to atone
in some degree for the want of dramatic
power in the conception, if only the picture
had throughout been couched in decorative
terms that would enable us to accept their
frozen and conventional flight as satisfactorj'.
To the mood that saw sun and sand and
bright reflecting armour in so realistic a
spirit surely the birds would be a whirr of
beating wings. The realism is, we think,
the sinner in this clash of moods, and the
greater restraint of his famous ' Richard III.'
makes it still by far the best of his pictures,
though even an inferior example of him
remains very good in comparison with the
Abbeys that are produced by his followers.
There are two of those here : a commonplace
and stodgy one by Mr. Board, The Departure
of John and Sebastian Cabot from Bristol on
their First Voyage of Discovery (533), who
seems to have some merits as a modest and
painstaking workman, thrown away in such
a picture as this, but promising for work of
more intimate character ; and the other a
vulgarized Abbey by Mr. Craig, The Heretic
(280), which is much worse. Mr. Board is not
clever enough to wear this mantle, while
Mr. Craig is too clever by half.
More satisfactory than any of these from
the point of view of artistic entertainment,
light, unpretentious, conceived frankly in
the spirit of a schoolboy having a lark, Mr.
George Gascoyne's Battle-dawn (392) is a
picture one would hardly, perhaps, wish to
buy, but that one would be delighted to pay
to look at. Its merits point to the defects
of all the others, and hint at their cause.
Compare it with Mr. Solomon's St. George
(295), witli its heavy-handed seriousness,
without a twinkle of humour, as though its
aiithor were resolved that if any one were
inclined to think this a great work and
buy it, he should be given every chance.
Such a weak conception is unworthy of
the dexterous craftsmanship and strong
sense of character that inspire the fine
portrait of Sir Aston Webb (260). Yet Mr.
Solomon, before he became an Academician,
was a great painter of exhibition pictures,
his ' Samson ' being a work which, again,
we do not desire to have, but which it
was inspiriting to go and see : it is sad to
find him spoiling an effective piece of public.
entertainment in hopes of making it appear
a desirable piece of private property. On
all sides you see work ruined by this divided
aim: you see it in the want of heartiness,
the over-finish of Mr. Wyllie in his his-
torical marines ; in the cautious colour and
cramped painting of Mr. Hemy's yachting
picture. On the other side you see Sir
Lawrence Alma Tadema — a " private "
painter by nature, if ever there was one, with
a taste for little preciosities of surface and
execution — ruining from the start what
might have been a desirable picture to
possess by popular sentiment and forced
colour, which are well fitted to attract the
crowd. See his Ask me no more (218).
Now this baneful compromise between
two excellent intentions is clearly the result
of a division of interests. It is to the artist's
interest to sell his picture ; it is to the
Academy's interest to fill the galleries with
pictures that attract the crowd. Obviously,
for work of the latter class the system is very
unsatisfactory, the proper remuneration for
such work being not the selling price, but
the shillings taken at the door. It is ex-
tremely desirable that some other outlet
should be found for such work, so that it
might itself blossom into a vigorous and
charming, if not very permanent art, and
at the same time leave undisturbed by its
distracting competition the quieter and less
obtrusive art that we shall have to consider
later. Is it for nothing that Earl's Court
opens almost at the same time as the Royal
Academy? and is there no temptation to an
enterprising manager in the idea of gradually
drawing off from the Academic coffers some
of those many thousands that are annually
paid it for doing what might be much
better done elsewhere ? Let us imagine
such a manager offering to the better sort
of painter of pictures for exhibition the
attraction of ampler space, of an even larger
public, of an architectural setting ephemeral,
perhaps, but of some gaiety and swagger,
that would tempt to decorative treatment.
How ugly mere realistic ability may become
in an advertising humour is exemplified by
Miss Lucy Kemp-Welch in The Joy of Life
(356). Let us imagine our manager even
offering his painters some small share of
" gate money." Can it be doubted that these
latter would rise to the occasion with an
abandon that thejr could never have achieved
in the academic atmosphere of Burlington
House ? or can it be denied that to find such
an opening for frankly ephemeral and popular
art, on a sound, if at first slender financial
basis, would be the best achievement and
the most fruitful of good that the artistic
world has witnessed for many a day, pro-
viding for the public an art not to be visited
and talked about with insincere enthusiasm,
but in its proper place as a setting for flirta-
tion and a band ?
When the birds had flown one of the first
advantages of their departure would be a
revival in the domain of portraiture of the
quieter and more intimate qualities that
have latterly been crowded out. To obtain
a hearing at all, portraiture has been forced
to become spectacular, and that it should
have succeeded in holding more than its own.
in face of the artificial advantages of its
rivals, is a striking tribute to the ability of
its leading exponents. Mr. Sargent's large
portrait group of Baltimore Professors (257),
shorn of every advantage of colour or costume,
touches on absolute mastery within the limit
of its aims. The head of the gentleman to
the spectator's left emerges a little abruptly
from the figure behind him, which is by com-
parison a little too enveloped in t ho back-
ground gloom. The two heads to the right
echo one another's pose rat her unfort unatcly;
but these are spots on the sun. The masses
of black are strong and elastic in structure,
and each brush-stroke is directly descriptive
of surface character. The background is
nobly handled, and the execution throughout
554
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4097, May 5, 1906
..f a pow,r and insight that belie the rather
photographic arrangement of the Bubject,
His other portraits are markedly inferior.
Earl Rob rtel il i is photographic to excess, an
amazing tour <l> force of still -life painting oi
medals and decoration, which, as artistic
material, happens — not, apparently, to the
painter's discomfort— to be very ugly. His
two portraits of ladies arc even l<'ss satis-
factory, the Hon. Mrs. Frederick Quest
(116) and Maud, daughter of George Coats
(■JuT). The latter, in particular, Buffers by
comparison with Mr. (I. Henry's Blue Gown
(186) opposite. This is tho best work Mr.
11. urv lias done, and shows that he has in
him. 'after all, the stuff of a fine portrait
painter. In tho blue dress lingers a trace
of that arbitrary use of a simplified colour-
scheme that is so useful to a painter up to a
certain point, so hampering afterwards : the
flesh and the background are beautifully in
tone, and represent as near an approach to
the combination of atmosphere with a just
renderingof character as Academy portraiture
can display. Mir. Solomon exhibits a greater
natural dexterity in the use of paint, but less
sense of beauty and a commoner outlook.
Mr. Clausen's portrait of Mr. Williams Benn
(95) has a certain sturdy sincerity, .j-^c.y;
4 THE ROKEBY VELAZQUEZ.
I notice that the Executive Committee
of the National Art-Collections Fund, in
their second annual report, recently distri-
buted, state on p. 39 that the measurements
of tho Rokeby Velazquez are 74 in. by 94 in.
This is, of course, quite inaccurate. May I,
therefore, be allowed to put on record the
exact measurements that have been taken
of it in the past ? In the catalogue of the
Art Treasures Exhibition held at Manchester
in 1857, when it was first exhibited, no
reference was made to its height and width.
The catalogue of the Old Masters' Exhibition
in 1890 gave the figures as 48 £ in. by 69 in. ;
and the catalogue of the Eleventh Annual
Exhibition at Messrs. Thcs. Agnew's Galleries
stated the measurements to be 49 in. by
70 £ in. The difference between the two sets
of figures is due to tho alternative methods
of measuring a canvas. The " sight "
measurements, as it now hangs, are approxi-
mately 49 in. by 70 in.
On p. 36 of the same report Mr. Claude
Phillips refers to the measurements of the
' Venus and Cupid ' as being " about lm. 24c.
height by lm. 79c. breadth." This agreos
with the figures that, I suggest, are correct.
He sets forth these figures to show clearly
once and for all that tho picture that was in
the fire in tho Alcazar in 1734 was not tho
Rokeby Velazquez, but a ' Psyche and Cupid.'
All things considered, it is most unfor-
tunate that tho Committee of the National
Art-Collections Fund should have made this
error, and added the wrong figures to the
plate which appeared as frontispiece in the
January number of The Burlington Magazine,
and is reproduced in their report.
Maurice W. Bkockwell.
SALES.
Messes. Christie sold cat the 28th nit. the fol-
lowing drawings : S. Front, Ancient Cross, Rouen,
60/. S. (1. Rotta, Market- Women, Chioggia, C>4/.
Pictures : Henrietta Browne, the Jewish School,
Cairo, 4S3/. ; Cateehisme, 315/. ; L'Knseignenient
Mutuel, His/. ; The School, 110/. p. J. Clays,
Boats on the Scheldt, lf!S/. T. S. Cooper, Two
Cows and a Calf in a Pasture, 110/. ; A Cow and
Three Sheep near a River, 1 10/. E. van Maroke,
Three Cows in a Meadow near an Old Water-Mill,
oiiT/. ; Going to Market, .'it;7/. ; Two Staghounda
■ in ;i Leash, l lit/. EL Verboeokhoven, Bwes, Lambs,
and Rabbits in a Shed, 1!)!)/. L. B. Hurt, Leaving
the Hills, 1257. Keeley Ealawelle, Arundel Castle,
Mi)/. Leighton, Farewell, t;io/. Millais, Grace,
483/. ECoppner, Miss 0'Neil, in grey dress, 162?.
Lawrenoe, Mrs. Fitzherbert, in dark dress with
fur oape, is'j/.
The same firm sold on the 30th ult. a picture by
II. \ wood Hardy, a Highland Keeper, with pony,
dogs, and dead game, 1521., and one by B. W.
Leader, Evening, North Wales, 1622. A drawing
by C. Branwhite, A Winter Morning, fetched 50/.
The sale on the 1st inst. was notable for the
number of etchings by Whistler : Battersea Bridge,
44/. ; Tho Little Venice, 40/. ; Nocturne, 90/. ; The
Palaces, 90/. ; The Doorway, 110/. ; The Beggars,
68/.; Fruit-Stall, 28/. ; 8an Giorgio, 33/. ; Nocturne
Palaces, 115/. ; The Bridge, 33/. ; Upright Venice,
35/. ; The Riva, No. 2, 42/. ; The Balcony, 42/. ;
Garden, 32/. ; Tho Rialto, 48/ ; Long Venice, 28/. ;
Furnace Nocturne, 267. ; Salute, Dawn, 2G/. ; Chan-
cellerie, Loches, 88/. Other artists represented
were : Sir F. Seymour Haden, Shore Mill-Pond,
44/. ; A Sunset in Ireland, 27/. ; Etudes a l'Eau-
forto, twenty-five etchings, in a portfolio, IliS/.
C. Mcryon, La Galerio de Notre - Dame, 31/. ;
Tourelle, Rue de la Tixeranderie, 30/. Rem-
brandt, Christ presented to the People, 39/. ; Christ
Crucified between the Two Thieves, 27/. ; Rem-
brandt's Mill, 31/. ; Rembrandt Drawing, 1207.
Turner, Liber Studiorum, 71 f)lates, 157/. ; Little
Devil's Bridge over the Russ, 277.
Ifiiu-^rt (Sossip.
To-day is appointed for tho private view
at the Leicester Galleries of paintings of the
Thames by Mr. Menpes, and water-colours
of English and foreign landscape by Mr.
Mark Fisher.
At 5, Old Bond Street, Mr. W. B. Pater-
son has an exhibition of water - colours
and black - and - white drawings by nine
artists, including Mr. D. Y. Cameron, Mr.
W. Nicholson, Mr. Orpen, Mr. A. Rackham,
Mr. E. J. Sullivan, and Mr. J. M. Swan.
Messrs. H. Graves & Co. have on view
water-colour drawings of the Italian Lakes
and Madeira by Miss Ella Du Cane.
The Munich Fine-Art Exhibition at the
Grafton Galleries was opened to the press
last Tuesday.
At the Lefevre Gallery there is on view
an exhibition of pictures and drawings of
the Modern Dutch School.
The Alpine Club opened to the press on
Tuesday an exhibition of Alpine photo-
graphs at the club rooms, 23, Savile Row.
To-day Messrs. Doulton & Co. invite us
to view an exhibition of ' New Effects in
Pottery,' and some works modelled by Mr.
George Tinworth, at the New Dudley Gallery,
169, Piccadilly. ^
Next Tuesday at the Dowdeswell Galleries
there is a private view of water-colours :
landscapes painted in Sussex by Mr. Fred
Stratton.
Next Wednesday Messrs. Duveon open to
tho pross a show of pictures by French
masters of tho eighteenth century, on behalf
of tho Artists' General Benevolent Institu-
tion.
On Thursday next sketches and studies in
various materials by the lato G. H.
Boughton, R.A., will be open to private
view at tho Ryder Gallery.
The committee appointed to select an
artist to paint the portrait of Mr. Walker,
the late High Master of St. Paul's School,
in accordance with the instruction of the
original mooting of Old Paulines, have com-
missioned Mr. W. Rothenstein to execute
the work. Tho portrait is to bo hung in
tho School. Among other public portraits
Mr. Rothenstein has painted is one of Sir
Leslie Stephen, in Trinity Hall, Cambridge;
another of Dr. Ftunivull, in the same place ;
one of Mr. Francis Darwin, in tho Labora-
tory, Cambridge ; and another of tho Bursar
of Magdalen, Oxford.
The ' Histoiro ' by M. Fontainas, pub-
lished in Paris, and included in our ' List of
New Books ' last week, proves to be an
interesting study of French painting in the
nineteenth century.
Special interest attaches to the fine col-
lection of pictures by modern French arti-t-
formed by the late M. F. Stumpf, and to
be dispersed by M. Paul Chevallier at
the Galerie Georges Petit on Monday. M-
Stumpf was a wealthy business man in
Paris, and was a friend of many artist-,
notably Corot and Dupre. Ho became ac-
quainted with Corot during the later year*
of tho Empire, and extracts from many
interesting letters written by the painter to
him are quoted in the preface to the sale
catalogue.
The Bibliotheque Nationale has just
received from Madame Rolle, whose collec-
tion of the works of Isabey is known to be
very fine, a most interesting album of four-
teen portraits executed by that artist from
1799 to 1804. It includes portraits of tho
artist himself and of various members of his
family, as well as certain of his pupils, such
as Aubry and Jacques Hollier, who are much
appreciated as miniaturists in France.
The two "petits palais " at Bagatelle-
will open on Thursday next with a retro-
spective exhibition of the most important
works which have appeared at the Salon of
the Societe du Champ do Mars since its-
foundation. It is to include not only some
of the best-known works by Meissonier,.
Puvis de Chavannes, Sisley, Whistler, Ribotv
and Dalou, but also some of the earlier
ones of Carolus-Duran, Besnard, Dagnan-
Bouveret, Lhermitte, Rodin, and other
distinguished founders of tho new Salon.
This exhibition will remain open until
July 14th.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
Joachim Concert*.
The first of the two special Joachim
Concerts at Queen's Hall on Saturday
afternoon was highly interesting. At the
first Bechstein Hall concert Dr. Joachim*
showed that his powers are still remark-
able, and again by the beauty and refine-
ment of his playing he created astonish-
ment. His tone has naturally lost irt
strength — and this, through the size of
the hall, was more noticeable than at
Bechstein Hall — but in other respects hifl
playing was above criticism. A season
or two ago there were occasional signs of
fatigue, and it seemed as if the time had
come for the great violinist to lay aside
his bow. We noted the fact then, and
all the more gladly, therefore, do we now
record the freshness and energy of his
playing. The opening number on the
programme was Brahms's Clarinet Quintet
in b minor, Op. 115, of which a most
sympathetic rendering was given, the
clarinet part having Prof. Richard Miihl-
N° 4097, May 5, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
000
feldjas interpreter. The work may not
be of equal merit throughout, but the
Adagio is undoubtedly the outcome of a
bigh order of inspiration. Next came
Mendelssohn's Octet, which, it may be
interesting to mention, was produced
under Dr. Joachim's direction at the first
season of the Monday Popular Concerts
in 1859. It has been said that much of
the music is of symphonic rather than
chamber character. Mendelssohn himself
was well aware of this, for he stated in
a notice that it " must be played by
all the instruments in the same style as
a, symphony." It cannot be denied that,
with the exception of the Scherzo, the
music shows signs of age, or, to put it
better, that it is not in the spirit of the
music of to-day ; but it was easy to see that
for Dr. Joachim the performance was a
labour of love ; the music must recall
to him days long past, when he knew
Mendelssohn, and when the latter was at
the height of his fame. Dr. Joachim led
the Octet, as in former days, standing.
The programme ended with Mozart's
Serenade in E flat for oboes, clarinets,
horns, and bassoons, a work full of spon-
taneous music and delicious colouring.
It was played to perfection by MM. W. M.
Malsch and E. Da vies, Richard Muhlfeld
and M. Gomez, A. Borsdorf and H. Vander-
rneerschen, and E. F. James and Wilfred
James, under the direction of Dr. Joachim,
who conducted in simple, yet effective
manner with his hand.
At Bechstein Hall on Monday evening
the third Joachim Quartet Concert took
place. A splendid performance was given
of Haydn's Quartet in b flat, Op. 76,
No. 4. The music represents the com-
poser in one of his truly inspired moods ;
from beginning to end it shows nothing
antiquated, nothing commonplace. Equal
justice was rendered to Mozart's Clari-
net Quintet in A, with Prof. Muhlfeld
as clarinettist. The programme ended
with Schubert's Quartet in D minor. It
should be mentioned that Mr. Frank
Bridge played the viola in place of Prof.
Wirth, who was unfortunately prevented
by illness from appearing.
jEolian Hall. — Bach Memorial Concert.
The Bach Memorial Concert at the ^Eolian
Hall on Tuesday evening, in aid of the
fund for the purchase of the birth-house
of Johann Sebastian Bach at Eisenach,
naturally attracted a large audience.
The programme was of a somewhat mixed
order, containing, among other things, a
funeral cantata and one of humorous
•character. The intention, however, was
no doubt to display the versatility of the
composer's genius. Miss Maria Philippi's
singing in the contralto cantata " Schlage
doch, gewiinschte Stunde," was in many
respects good, yet, both as regards the
vocal part and the instrumental accom-
paniment, the tenderness and solemnity
essential to the music were to some extent
lacking. Mrs. Henry J. Wood sang an
aria from the church cantata " Selig ist
der Mann " with marked skill and intel-
ligence. The " Dramma per Musica,"
' Phoebus und Pan,' to which attention
was recently called in these columns, came
at the end of a long programme, and the
soloists were not all satisfactory ; Mr.
Frederic Austin, however, in Pan's delight-
ful song " Zu Tanze, zu Sprunge," scored
a legitimate success. If he had sung it to
German words, it would have enhanced
the point and fun of the music ; and he
might well have done so, as in the opening
number German words were actually
sung. The instrumental music consisted
of the Second Brandenburg Concerto ;
the Chaconne for violin, admirably played
by Mrs. Edgar Speyer ; and the fine Suite
in B minor for flute and strings, with
Mr. Albert Fransella as a most successful
soloist. The orchestra was under the
careful direction of Mr. Henry J. Wood,
and all the soloists generously gave their
services.
Queen's Hall. — Philharmonic Concert.
Herr Ernst von Dohnanyi played
his Pianoforte Concerto in E minor at the
fourth Philharmonic Concert on Wednesday
evening. That work was first performed
in London at a Richter Concert in 1899,
and at once marked the Hungarian com-
poser, then in his twenty-first year, as a man
of great promise. Throughout the work
there is abundance of interesting thematic
material ; skill and spontaneity are appa-
rent, yet at the same time a certain patchi-
ness is noticeable ; but the music exhibits
life, energy, and earnestness. The piano-
forte part — in which, by the way, there
are strong traces of Liszt — was played
with skill and brilliancy.
The programme also included Sir
Edward Elgar's Introduction and Allegro
for strings, a work which grows in interest,
although inspiration is not equally strong
throughout. The performance, under the
direction of Dr. Cowen, was excellent.
M. Fran jo Naval, the vocalist, made his
debut in England. He has a fine, well-
trained voice. He sang an aria from
Mozart's ' Cosi fan tutte,' and songs by
Brahms and Massenet. The renderings
were clever and taking, although arti-
ficial, and at times bordering closely on
the sentimental.
Jttusical (Bossip.
The programme of the second concert of
the Paris Festival under the direction of Herr
Felix Weingartner was devoted exclusively
to Berlioz, and it included the ' Cleopatre '
cantata which the composer presented in
1829, when making his third attempt to
win the Prix de Rome : but even then he
was not successful. The recent performance
was the first in Paris since the competition
of 1829, but the cantata was given under
Weingartner's direction at Queen's Hall
in 1903, and at a concert at Berlin in 1904.
To judge from the notice in Le Mcnestrel of
April 29th, the Paris concert was a brilliant
success. We in London know, indeed, what
a splendid interpreter Weingartner is of
the music of Berlioz.
In olden days the ballet as a separate
entertainment was a feature of great im-
portance during the opera season in London.
In France, indeed, the ballet, as an inde-
pendent piece, is still in favour, while it is
considered an indispensable part of a grand
opera. This gave rise to the " Venusberg "
music written by Wagner for the Paris per-
formance of ' Tannhauser 'in 1861, which
even then failed to please, largely through
coming, contrary to custom, in the first
act. The ballet as a separate entertainment
is to be revived at Covent Garden this season,
and ' Les Deux Pigeons ' has been selected
as the first work of the kind.
In an article in the April number of the
Monthly Journal of the International Musical
Society Sir Charles Stanford calls attention
to the rate at which the Trio of the Scherzo
of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is taken by
modern conductors. The mistake, he points
out, arose from a minim in the metronome
mark of that Trio in the first edition being
mistaken, owing to the faint signs of the
tail, for a semibreve. This, however, is no
new discovery, for in 1895 the late Sir
George Grove, in a paper read by him at the
Musical Association, explained the whole
matter. He even added that, although the
direction in the original score published by
Schott was not quite distinct, " the direction
[i.e., the metronome mark] is repeated and
engraved below the score as well as above it ;
and there the tail is perfectly distinct."
Prof. Xiecks contributes a short but
interesting ' Historical Sketch of the Over-
ture ' to the April-June number of the
Quarterly Magazine of the International
Musical Society. The same number contains
an article, by M. Martial Teneo, ' La Mali-
bran d'apres des Documents inedits,' the
documents consisting of letters written by
the singer to her first husband, M. Mali-
bran, before and after her marriage in 1820.
There are also many curious details concern-
ing the Garcia family in Paris before they
went to America in 1825. The Malibran
letters are very interesting, but whether
private correspondence of the kind ought
to have been published is open to serious
question. M. Teneo does not say how he
obtained the letters.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Sin. Sunday Society Concert. 3.30. Queen's Hall.
— Sunday Beacuc Concert. 7, Queen's Hall.
Mox. Concert, 3. Queen's Hall.
— Joachim Committee Concert, ?, Bechstein Hall.
— London Trio. MB, .Eolian Hall.
— Royal l)j>era, Covent Garden.
Ti t>. Miss Frida Kindler's Pianoforte Recital. S, Steinwav nail.
— Mr. Brahason Lowther's Vocal Recital. 3. Bechstein" Hall.
— Madame Blanche Marchesi s Vocal Recital. 3. Queen's Hall.
— Hcgedils's Violin Sonata Recital. S .15. .tkdian Hall.
— Mr Bchulle's Orchestral Concert. BJ6, Queen's Hall.
— Mr. and Mrs. Mallinson's Song Recital. S.SO. Bechstein Hall.
— Royal Opera, Covent Garden.
Wed. Miss Helen Egerton s Violin Recital, 3. Bechstein Hall.
— Miss IrmahofTs (Vile Recital. B. Bechstein Hall.
— Mr. Wilhclm Sachses Orchestral Concert. 8, Queen's Hall.
— Royal Opera. Covent Garden.
Turns. Signor Matini's Concert. 3. Bechstein Hull
— Queen's Hall Orchestral Concert. 3. Queen s Hall.
— Senor Sohrino's Pianoforte Recital, 4. Guildhall School of
Music.
— Dr. Joai him and Mr. L. Berwick's Sonata Recital. S, Bechstein
Hall
— Royal Oi>era, Covent Garden.
Fri. Royal Opera, porent Garden.
Sat. Mile. Sonia Hennas Vocal Rental, S, Bechstein Hall.
— .Toachim Committee Concert. 3. Queen s Hall.
— Royal Opera, Covent Garden.
DRAMA
dramatic (gossip.
' The Fascinating Mr. Vanderveldt,'
a four-act comedy by Mr. Alfred Sutro. has
found its way from America to the Garriek
Theatre, at which house it was produced on
April 26th with a fair amount of success.
Though thinner than ' The Walls of Jericho '
of the same author, and less original than his
' Mollentrave on Women,' it rises to a
stronger situation than is obtained in either
of these pieces, and is inferior to neither in
neatness of construction or smartness of
556
THE ATHENiEUM
N°4097, May 5, 1906
dialogue. A better title for it, ' The In-
cautious Lady Clarice,' is open to the dis-
advantage of suggesting an obligation (such
ns, in fn<-t. seems traceable) to Mr. Henry
Arthur Jones, whoso ' Liars ' runs on similar
lines. The fascinations of Mr. Vanderveldt
Boarceh extend beyond a relentless effrontery
in his* dealings with women, which may
exercise a certain amount of influence over
Bome members of that uncertain and volatilo
sex. Enamoured of Lady Clarice, whose
previous matrimonial experiences as wife
of an athlete have been none of the sunniest,
he endeavours so to compromise her, in the
course of an excursion he induces her to
undertake, as to force her into accepting
him. Through his agency the motor-car in
which he conducts her breaks down at a
remote spot, at which, also owing to his
action, horses are unattainable, the result
being that she runs a risk of being forced
to spend the night in his company under
gravely compromising conditions. This
coarse expedient meets with no more
success than it promises in the case of
a high-spirited woman, or than it in-
trinsically deserves. A certain amount of
felicity characterizes the means through
which it miscarries. None too palatable
is, however, the theme itself, and portions
of the environment are dull. By a bright
performance of Lady Clarice, Miss Violet
Vanbrugh endows the piece with such
measure of attraction as it possesses, and
gives a sunny picture of light-hearted revolt
against the wearying influences to which
she is subjected. Pleasant enough is the Mr.
Vanderveldt of Mr. Bourchier, though we
fail to trace its fascination. A foil to
his unscrupulous ways is offered by the
reticent virtues of a Col. Rayner, solidly
played by Mr. Aubrey Smith.
Interest in the concluding performances
of the Shakspearean festival at His Majesty's
Theatre centred in Friday's representation
of ' The Merry Wives of Windsor.' Pre-
sentations on Wednesday of ' Twelfth Night,'
on Thursday evening and Saturday after-
noon of ' Hamlet,' and on Saturday evening
of ' Julius Caesar ' served to show the versa-
tility of Mr. Tree and the worth of the
company with which he has surrounded
himself. Friday witnessed, however, the
revival of ' The Merry Wives of Windsor,'
and the resumption by Miss Terry of her
wonderfully vivacious, gay, and fascinating
impersonation of Mrs. Page. Her reappear-
ance in this character constituted virtually
the commemoration of the jubilee of the
actress upon the stage, her first appearance
upon which took place, fifty years ago, as a
child. Considered as a piece of Shak-
spearean interpretation, Miss Terry's per-
formance left something, perhaps, to be
desired from the antiquarian standpoint ; but
the case is one in which a test of the kind
may not be applied. It furnishes an instance
(one of many from the same source) of a
grace beyond the reach of art, and was
animated by the very spirit of youth and
mischief. The general interpretation was
fine. Miss Viola Tree had all the charm of
sweet Anne Page ; Mrs. Tree was an un-
surpassable Mrs. Ford ; and Mr. Tree was
admirably ripe as Falstaff. The occasion
belonged, nevertheless, to Miss Terry, and
the ovation was justly hers. A prottily
conceived epilogue in rhyme, by Mr. Louis
N. Parker, was spoken by Miss Terry and
Mr. Tree ; and at its close a casket contain-
ing an illuminated address was presented
by Mr. Findon on behalf of the Playgoers'
Club.
On April 28th, which constituted the real
anniversary of Miss Terry's appearance on
the stage, she took at the Adelphi matineo
the part of Francisca the nun in ' Measure
for Measure.' A less considerable Shak-
spearean character she can rarely in her
varied experience have essayed.
Miss Terry's Jubilee is, of course, unique
in its way. It could only bo realized in the
case of an artist belonging to an acting
family, and, so to speak, born upon the
stage. Such families are well known, and
comprise, in days comparatively modern,
the Wiltons, the Kembles, the Faucits,
and the Broughs. In the present case the
actress, in spite of the commemoration that
has happily been made, can claim no remark-
able antiquity, and may regard as rivals
some of the most popular comediennes of
her own country and of France and other
lands.
' The Knight of the Bath ' is the title
of a farce in three acts by Mr. Arthur Applin,
produced on Tuesday afternoon at Terry's
Theatre, with Mr. Lennox Pawle, Miss Eily
Malyon, and Miss Grace Noble in the prin-
cipal parts.
There has been an undoubted falling-off
in the numbers attending the Shakspeare
Commemoration at Stratford-on-Avon. The
causes assigned are various — the prospect of
the Warwick pageant ; the number of times
the same company has appeared, with
the same plays, and even the same cast ;
and the plan of the great combination
of London companies for next year's per-
formances. The weather has not been
blamed as yet.
In his tour in America Mr. H. B. Irving
will appear in ' Mauricette ' and ' Markheim.'
He will also be seen in the following
pieces belonging to his father's repertory :
' Charles I.,' ' Louis XL,' and ' The Lyons
Mail.' According to present arrangements,
the American trip, which begins on October
8th at the New Amsterdam Theatre, New
York, will be preceded by a six weeks' tour
on Englisn soil, the pieces being confined
to ' Mauricette ' and ' Markheim.'
' In Merry Springtime,' a three-act
comedy by Mr. H. V. Esmond, will be pro-
duced in London by Mr. Charles Frohman
during next autumn.
To Correspondents.— P. T.— E. A. G.— R. D.— A. S.
— Received.
H. H. D.— Not wanted. H. H. J.— Many thanks.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
We cannot undertake to reply to inquiries concerning the
appearance of reviews of books.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Pack
AKNOl.D 558
Authors" Agents 580
Bell A Sons 556
Cataloc.ues 630
Cambridge Univkrsitt Press 581
CHATTO A WlNDUS 560
Clark & Co 534
Educational 529
Exhibitions 529
HlKST & Rlackett 536
Lane 559
lbctureb 529
LlI'l'INCOTT CO 559
Macmii.lan A Co 536
Magazines, Ac 631,558
Mktiiuen A Co. 535
Miscellaneous 5X0
De La More Press 532
Murray 558
Newspaper Agents 530
Richards 5:I3
Sales by Auction 530
Situations Vacant 5-9
situations Wanted *2o
Societies '29
H.P.C.K 557
smith, Elder A Co 534
Stock 558
Surgical Aid .Society 559
Typewriter* 530
Unwih 536
MESSRS. BELL'S
NEW BOOKS.
CATALOGUES BENT POST FREE OX
APPLICATION.
Fcap. 8vo, 8&
A HANDBOOK TO THE WORKS
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. By MORTON
LUCE, Author of ' A Handbook to the Works
of Lord Tennyson,' &e. [Beady May 9.
SIXTH AND CHEAPER EDITION.
With a New Preface, demy 8vo, &*. 6V. net.
HENRY VIII. AND THE ENGLISH
MONASTERIES. By the Right Rev. ABBOT
GASQUET, D.D. O.S.B.
Post 8vo, 4s. 6(Z. net.
THE UNIVERSAL KINSHIP. By
J. HOWARD MOORE, Author of 'Better
World Philosophy.'
' ' Mr. Moore's book has the admirable quality of
provoking thought. None who study it can fail
to be interested in the point of view."
Evening Standard.
SECOND EDITION, REVISED.
Post 8vo, Is. 6cZ. net.
THE LOGIC OF VEGETARIANISM.
Essays and Dialogues. By HENRY S. SALT.
JUST RECEIVED FROM AMERICA.
Crown 8vo, 6*. net.
NATURE AND HEALTH. A
Popular Treatise on the Hygiene of the Person
and the Home. By EDWARD CURTIS,
A.M. M.D., Emeritus Professor of Materia
Medica and Therapeutics, Columbia Uni-
versity, New York.
Crown 8vo, os. net.
IMMIGRATION, and its Effects
upon the United States. By PRESCOTT F.
HALL, A.B. LL.B.
NEW VOLUMES OF
BOHN'8 STANDARD LIBRARY.
Post 8vo, Zs. 6d. each.
HAZLITT'S VIEW OF THE
ENGLISH STAGE; or, a Series of Dra-
matic Criticisms. Edited by W. SPENCER
JACKSON.
EMERSON'S WORKS. A New
Edition in 5 vols. With the Text Edited and
Collated by GEORGE SAMPSON.
THE YORK LIBRARY.
A New Series of Reprints on Thin Paper.
Small 8vo, 2s. net in cloth, and Ss. net in leather.
NEW VOLUMES.
HAWTHORNE'S TRANSFORMA-
TION (The Marble Faun).
PLUTARCH'S LIVES. Translated,
with Notes and a Life, by AUBREY
STEWART, M.A., and GEOfcGE LONG,
M.A. Vol. I.
London: GEORGE BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N° 4097, May 5, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
557
SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE.
THE OFFICIAL YEAR-BOOK OF THE CHURCH OF
ENGLAND FOR 19C6. Twenty-Fourth Issue. Furnishing a Trustworthy Account
of the Condition of the Church of England, and of all bodies in Communion with her
throughout the World. Demy 8vo, paper boards, 3s. ; cloth boards, red edges, 4*.
REX RE GUM. A Painter's Study of the Likeness of
Christ from the Time of the Apostles to the Present Day. By the late Sir WYKE
BAYLISS, K.B. F.S.A., President of the Koyal Society of British Artists. Demy
8vo, cloth boards, 7s. 6d.
NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS SYSTEMS : the Religion
of the Crescent ; or, Islam— its Strength, its Weakness, its Origin, its Influence.
By the Rot. W. ST. CLAIR TISDALL, D.D.. New Edition, Revised. Fcap. 8vo,
cloth boards, 4s.
EARLY CHURCH CLASSICS. The Apostolical
Constitutions and Cognate Documents with Special Reference to their Liturgical
Elements. By the Rev. DE LACY O'LEARY, M.A. Small post 8vo, cloth boards, Is.
THE GREAT COMMANDMENT, and the Second like
unto it. Six Sermons preached before the University of Oxford as Select Preacher by
the Right Rev. JOHN MITCHINSON, D.C.L., Master of Pembr#ke College, Oxford,
and Canon of Gloucester. Fcap. 8vo, cloth boards, Is. 6d.
THE OLD TESTAMENT IN MODERN LIGHT. By
the late WALTER ALLAN MOBERLY. Canon of South wark. With a Preface by
the LORD BISHOP OF SOUTHWARK. Fcap. 8vo, cloth boards, Is. 6rf.
THE STORY OF THE APOCRYPHA: a Series of
Lectures on the Books and Times of the Apocrypha.
M.A. Small post 8vo, cloth boards, 2s.
By the Rev. S. N. SEDGWICK,
NOTES ON THE HIGHER CRITICISM. By the Most
Rev. R. S. COPLESTON, Bishop of Calcutta. Fcap. 8vo, 34.
HOW WE GOT OUR BIBLE. By J. Paterson Smyth,
B.D. LL.D. Crown 8vo, paper cover, 6d. net.
By the Rev. Graham
EARLY BRITAIN.— ROMAN ROADS IN BRITAIN. By
THOMAS CODRINGTON, M.Inst.C.E. F.G.S. Second Edition, Revised. With
numerous Maps. Fcap. 8vo, cloth boards, bs.
" Mr. Codrington's book has much to recommend it to the antiquary and thetopograper.
To come suddenly upon a book literally packed with suggestions for the well-being of the
walker is, in this year of grace and antomobility, no small joy." — lima.
MATTER, JETHER, AND MOTION: the Factors and
Relations of Physical Science. By A. E. DOLBEAR, A.B. A.M.M.E. Ph.D., Professor
of Physics, Tutt's College, U.S.A. English Edition. Edited by Prof. ALFRED
LODGE. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth boards, bs.
MARVELS IN THE WORLD OF LIGHT. A Popular
Study of the Phenomena of Light, Colour, and Sight. By the Very Rev. C. T.
OVENDEN, D.D., Dean of Cloguer. With numer us Illustrations. Crown 8vor
cloth boards, 2*. <od.
WAVES AND RIPPLES IN WATER, AIR, AND ETHER.
Being a Course of Christmas Lectures delivered at the Royal Institution of Great
Britain by J. A. FLEMING, M.A. D.Sc. F.R.S. With numerous Illustrations,
Crown 8vo, cloth boards, bs.
WAYSIDE SKETCHES. By F. Edward Hulme, F.L.S.
With numerous Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth boards, 4s.
THE FERN PORTFOLIO. By Francis G. Heath, Author
of ' Where to find Ferns,' &c. With 15 Pates, elaborately drawn life-size, exquisitely-
Coloured from Nature, and with Descriptive Text. Cloth boards, 6s.
FLOWERS OF THE FIELD. By the late Rev. C. A.
JOHNS, B.A. F.L.S. Thirtieth Edition. Entirely Rewritten and Revised by Prof
G. S. BOULGER. F.L.S. F.G.S. , Professor of Botany in the City of London College.
With numerous Woodcuts. Small post 8vo, cloth boards, 7s. 6rf. ; half-calf, gilt edges
14s.
FREAKS AND MARVELS OF PLANT LIFE; or,
Curiosities of Vegetation. By M. C. COOKE, M.A. LL.D. With numerous Illus-
trations. Post 8vo, cloth boards, 6s.
CHRISTIAN WORSHIP: its Origin and Evolution. A
Study of the Latin Liturgy up to the Time of Charlemagne. By Monsignore
DUCHESNE. Translated by M. L. McCLURB from the Third Edition of ' Les
Origines du Culte Chretien.' Second English Edition, Revised, with considerable
Additions by the Author. Demy 8vo, cloth boards. 10s.
It is not too mi;ch to say that this is the most important work which has appeared on
this subject.
WORKS BY THE LATE CANON TRISTRAM.
THE LAND OF ISRAEL ; a Journal of Travels in Pales-
tine, undertaken with special reference to its Physical Character. By th» late
Rev. Canon TRISTRAM. Fourth Edition, Revised. With 2 Maps, 4 Full-Page
Coloured Plates, 8 Full-Page Illustrations, and numerous other Engravings. Large
post 8vo, cloth boards, 10s. 6</. ; half-calf, 14s.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE BIBLE. By the
late Rev. Canon TRISTRAM. With numerous Illustrations. Cloth boards, 5s.
BIBLE PLACES; or, the Topography of the Holy Land.
A succinct Account of all the Places, Rivers, and Mountains of the Land of Israel
mentioned in the Bible, so far as they have been identified ; together with their
Modern Names and Historical References. By tho late Rev. Canon TRISTRAM.
With Map, cloth boards, 5*.
and Phenomena of Cryptogamic Vegetation.
Crown 8vo, cloth boards, 2s. 6d.
By M. C. COOKE, M.A. LL.D,
TIBET AND THE TIBETANS.
SANDBERG. Royal 8vo, cloth boards, b:
THE SACRED TENTH; or, Studies in Tithe-Giving. I ROMANCE OF LOW LIFE AMONGST PLANTS : Facts
Ancient, and Modern. By Dr. II. LANDSELL. 2 vols. 800 pp. demy 8vo, with
Portraits, Illustrations, and Maps, cloth boards, 16s.
THE OLD TESTAMENT IN THE LIGHT OF THE
HISTORICAL RECORDS AND LEGENDS OF ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA.
By T. G. PINCHES, LL.D. M.R.A.S. Second Edition, Revised, with Appendices
and Notes. With several Illustrations. Large post 8vo, cloth boards, 7s. 6d.
App'ies to the criticisms of the Old Testament the most recent discoveries in the field
of Archa?o!ogy. This New Edition co tains the Laws of Hammurabi and other new matter,
amounting in all to nearly one huidrcd pages.
JUBILEE OF THE COAL TAR COLOUR INDUSTRY,
ROMANCE OF SCIENCE SERIES.
COAL, AND WHAT WE GET FROM IT. By Prof. R,
MELDOLA, F.R.S. F.I. C, &c. Third Edition. With numerous Diagrams. Post Svor
cloth boards, 2s. 6d.
" An intelligible account of the successive stages in the development of tho coal tar
industry, without assuming any knowledge of chemical science on the part of the reader
is undeniably bold." — Chemical Aews.
This is a work of general importance, and on the occasion of the Jubilee of the Coal Tar
Colour Industry of special interest. The work forms one of the Romance of Science Scries,
of which the latest additions are
THE NEW STATE OF MATTER.
Prof. H. PBLLAT, of the Sorbonne, delivered April 3, 1905.
McCLURE, M.A. Small post 8vo, cloth boards, Is.
An Address by
Translated by EDMUND
SOUNDING THE OCEAN OF AIR. Being Six Lectures
delivered before the Lowell Institute of Boston in Deceml>er, 1898, by A. LAWRENCE
ROTCH, S.B. A.M. With numerous Illustrations. Small post 8vo, cloth boards, 2s. 6d.
THE MACHINERY OF THE UNIVERSE. Mechanical
Conceptions of Physical Phenomena. By A. B. DOLBEAR, Ph.D., Professor of
Physics. Tuft's College, U.S.A. Small post 8vo, with several Diagrams, clotb
boards, 2s.
DISEASES OF PLANTS. By Prof. Marshall Ward,
With numerous Illustrations. Post 8vo, cloth boards, 2s. 6rf.
CHEAP RE-ISSUE OF ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOKS OF
ART HISTORY OF ALL AGES AND COUNTRIES.
Edited by Sir E. J. POYNTER, P.R.A., and Prof. ROGER SMITH, F.R.I. B.A. Large crown 8vo, cloth boards, each 3s. M.
ARCHITECTURE: CLASSIC and EARLY CHRISTIAN.
By Prof. T. ROGER SMITH and JOHN SLATER, B.A.
ARCHITECTURE : GOTHIC and RENAISSANCE. By
Prof. T. ROGER SMITH and Sir EDWARD J. POYNTER, P R.A.
SCULPTURE: EGYPTIAN, ASSYRIAN, GREEK, and
Roman. By GBORGE REDKORD, P.R.C.S.
SCULPTURE: GOTHIC, RENAISSANCE, and MODERN.
By LEADBR SCOTT.
PAINTING, GERMAN, FLEMISH, and DUTCH. By
H. J. WILMOT BUXTON, M.A., and Sir EDWARD J. POYNTER, P.R.A.
PAINTING: ENGLISH and AMERICAN. By H. J,
WILMOT BUXTON and S. R. KOBIILER.
WATER-COLOUR PAINTING in ENGLAND. By G. R.
REDGRAVB.
PAINTING : CLASSIC and ITALIAN. By Sir Edward
J. POYNTBR, P.R.A. and PERCY R. HRAD, B.A.
PAINTING: SPANISH and FRENCH. By Gerard
SMITH.
LONDON! NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, W.C. ; 43, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C BRIGHTON: 129, NORTH STREET..
.).
58
THE ATHENiEUM
N° 4097, May
1906
MR. MURRAY'S
NEW BOOKS.
MONOGRAPHS.
Biographical Sketches of Garrick, Macready,
Rachel, and Baron Stockmar. Bv Sir THEODORE
MARTIN, K.C.B. With Portraits. Demy 8vo,
12*. net.
JOTTINGS OF AN OLD
SOLICITOR.
By Sir JOHN HOLLAMS. Square demy Svo,
Ss. net.
HALLIWELL SUTCLIFFE'S NEW NOVEL.
A BENEDICK IN ARCADY
THE MONTHLY REVIEW.
Edited by CHARLES HANBURY-WILLIAMS.
MAY. 2s. 6d. net.
PARLIAMENT AND PARTIES. Ronald McNeill
JAPANESE STATESMEN OF YESTERDAY AND
TO-DAY. Mary Crawford Fraser.
INDENTURED LABOUR UNDER BRITISH RULE.
R. A. Durand.
SPIRITUALISM. Isabella C. Blackwood.
THE MISUSE OF TITLES AND PRECEDENCE.
Man tea u Rouge.
THE HAUNTED ISLANDS. Lady Gregory.
ACCURSED RACES. Frederick Boyle.
THE EXPIATION OF KINKOMETTA. E. B. Osborn.
THE RECONCILIATION. A. Margaret Ramsay.
ON THE LINE
THE FACE OF CLAY. Chaps. XVI. -XVIII. Horace
Annesley Vachell.
JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street, W.
WESTMINSTER SCHOOL.— An EXAMINA-
TION will be held on JUNE 27. 28. and 29, to fill
VACANCIES in SCHOLARSHIPS and EXHIBITIONS.— For par-
ticulars apply by letter to the BURSAR, The Bursary, Little Dean's
Yard, AV estminster.
c °
NTEMPORARY
REVIEW. MAY. 2s. 6d.
THE NEW EDUCATION BILL. By Lord Stanley of Alderley
IN THE COURRIERES COUNTRY. By Laurence Jerrold.
TRADE DISPUTES. By L. A. Atherley Jones, K.C. M.P.
CHINA AND THE WEST. By Dr. Timothy Richard.
IRISH NATIONAL IMPERIALISM. By Prof. Hutcheson Macaulay
Posnett.
THE MORAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF JESUS. By William Douglas
Mackenzie.
IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF RAMON LULL. By Havelock Ellis.
A NATIVE COUNCIL FOR INDIA. By Mr. Justice Sankaran
Nair, Judge of the High Court of Madras.
PRE RAPHAELIT1SM AND THE PRESENT. By L. March
Pbillipps.
THE PARSON AND HIS FLOCK. By Lieut.Col. Pcdder.
FOREIGN AFFAIRS. By Dr. E. J. Dillon.
London : HORACE MARSHALL & SON.
APRIL NUMBER NOW READY.
THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW.
Edited by I. ABRAHAMS and C. G. MONTEFIORE.
Price 3s. Ikl. Annual Subscription, i>ost free, lis.
Contents fur APRIL.
BODLEIAN GENIZA FRAGMENTS. By A. Cowley.
ABRAHAM MAPU. By Leon Simon.
GEONIC RESPONSA. By Prof. Louis Ginsberg.
LEON GORDON AS A POET. By A. B. Rhine.
AN i!ilIl»Sl>K;TI^NoT0.THE. LITURGY OF THE DAMASCENE
KAKAITLS,. By G. Margohouth.
NOTES ON OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. IV. Saul and Benjamin.
By Stanley A. Cook.
CRITICAL NOTICES.
NOTES TO J. O. It.
BIBMireM^"V°iF tHEBRAICA AND JUDAICA- Jl">ua<-y-
MACMILLAN * CO., Ltd., London.
A BOUT 2,000 BOOKS WANTED are advertised
RCTTVM iHSKr&Tr'FT PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR AND BOOK-
fcELLERh RK(ORI> established lS7l,whleh also fires Lifts of the
SSL^'JSSSJSlS duri»K 'be Week. Announcements of New
rA^R. i T7VS.",',11* privilege of u Free Advertisement
W ^ n". ^V^'J-,. »*»» f«r IW *«ks, post free, for
K, Io?'.*a,"1clUi>*or5,B? l«>»cription. Price Three Halfpence
Weekly.— Office : St. Dunstan's House. Fetter Lane, London.
ELLIOT STOCK'S NEW BOOKS.
THE NATURALISTS EDITION OF WHITE'S
SELBOHNE.
In crown Svo, suitably bound, price 6*. net.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF
SELBORNE. By tbe Rev. GILBERT WHITE, M.A.
Rearranged and Classified under Subjects, and full
Index of Subjects, by CHARLES MOSLEV.
"This edition will be welcome to every naturalist student
of the sage of Selborne." — PaU Mall Gazette.
In demy Svo, cloth, price 7.*. M. ; half-inorocco, marble
edges, 128. ; half-morocco, gilt edges, 15*. ; and full morocco
gilt edges, 'ils.
PERSIA BY A PERSIAN. By
the Rev. ISAAC ADAMS, M.D., Author of 'Darkness
and Daybreak.'
Being personal experiences of manners, customs, habits,
and religious and social life in Persia.
In crown Svo, cloth, price 2s. Gd. net.
RETURNED WITH THANKS,
and other Short Stories. By Mrs. H. MAXWELL
PRIDEAUX.
" Will no doubt appall with a touch of tragedy to
those thousands of amateurs whose works of genius come
back with such painful regularity in envelopes addressed to
their owners." — Tribune.
NEW VOLUMES OF VERSE.
In crown 8vo, cloth, gilt lettered, price is. Gd.
A STORY OF UNREST. A
Drama of Dreams. By B. BURFORD RAWLINGS.
Crown 8vo, cloth, price 3*. 6<i. net.
THE TREASURE OF THE
SEA. A Book of Verse. By STANLEY GERALD
DUNN.
In fcap. 8vo, paper cover, price id.
THE WAYS OF THE WEEK-
ENDERS. By "RIPARIUS."
"A brightly written little protest against the growing
habit of turning the Sabbath into a pleasure-seeking
holiday." — Dundee Advertiser.
ELLIOT STOCK,
62, Paternoster Row, London, E.C.
T>ERNARD QUARITCH, 15, PICCADILLY, W.
JUST PUBLISHED.
QUARITCH'S NATURAL HISTORY
CATALOGUE.
Part 2, containing BOTANY (completion) and ZOOLOGY.
The above, with Part 1, gratis on application.
THE STANDARD BOOK ON BRITISH MOSSES.
THE BRITISH MOSS-FLORA.
By R. BRAITHWAITE.
3 vols, royal 8vo, 128 Plates ; in parts.
Published 61. 10s. 6d. net ; reduced to 11. 16s. net ;
or in cloth, 21. 8s. net.
THE STANDARD BOOK ON BRITISH BIRDS' EGGS.
THE EGGS OF BRITISH BIRDS.
By HENRY SEEBOHM.
Edited by R. BOWDLER SHARPE.
1 vol. royal 8vo, Portrait and 59 Coloured Plates ; cloth.
Published 3i!. 3k. net, reduced to It. 16s. net
S
CIENCE; THE MIND
REVELATION ; THE HEART OF GOD.
By J. W. BARWELL,
A Business Man's Ideas of a Common Belief.
Pamphlet, Is. post free.
JACOBS & HOLMES, Publishers,
107, East Adam Street, Chicago, 111.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN DISRAELI,
EARL OF BEACONSFIELD, 1820-1892.
NOTES and QUERIES
for APRIL 29, MAY 13, 27, JUNE 10, 24, and JULY 8, 1893,
Contains a
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE EARL OF BEACONSFIELD.
This includes KEYS to VIVIAN GREY,-
'CONINGSBY.' LOTIIAIR,' and ENDYMION.'
Price of the Six Numbers, 2s. ; or free by i»st, 2*. 3d.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
Notes and Queries Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
MR.
EDWARD
NEW
ARNOLD'S
BOOK8
SHAKESPEARE AND HIS
DAY.
AStudy of the Topical Element in Shakespeare
and in the Elizabethan Drama.
By J. A. DE ROTHSCHILD.
Trinity College, Cambridge.
Crown Sv( , 5*. net.
THE £1NEID OF VIRGIL.
With a Translation by
CHARLES J. BILLSON, M.A.
Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
2 vols, crown 4to, 30*. net.
SPECTATOR— "Mr. Billson's volumes may safely be
recommended to all who love the .Eneid."
THROUGH
THE
INDIA WITH
PRINCE.
By G. F. ABBOTT,
Special Correspondent of the Calcutta Statesman,
Author of 'The Tale of a Tour in Macedonia.'
With Illustrations and a Map. Demy 8vo, 12s. 6d. net.
SOME DOGMAS OF RELIGION.
By JOHN ELLIS McTAGGART, Litt.D., Lecturer in
Moral Sciences, Trinity College, Cambridge. Demy
Svo, 10«. 6d. net.
MISS ALEXANDER'S NEW NOYEL.
THE LADY OF THE WELL. By
ELEANOR ALEXANDER, Author of 'The Rambling
Rector,' Ac.
SPECTATOR.— "Altogether an extremely successful
attempt to portray an exceedingly difficult subject, and we
may congratulate "the author on the mediaeval atmosphere
which she has contrived to impart into her story."
London :
EDWARD ARNOLD, 41 and 43, Maddox Street, W.
M
R. HEINEM ANN'S SIX-SHILLING NOVELS
WHAT BECAME OF PAM.
By BARONESS VON HCTTEN, Author of •Pam.'
[Second Impression in the press.
"The sequel is well justified, and has most of the admirable
qualities of its predecessor. Those who have read ' Pam ' No. 1 will
scarcely need urging to read 'Pam' No. 2. but those who have read
neither may be strongly recommended to read both.''
Westminster Gazette.
THE SPHINX'S LAWYER.
By FRANK DANBY, Author of 'Pigs in Clover.'
" Even a greater sensation than previous works by the same pen."
Bookman.
THE ANGEL OF PAIN.
By E. F. BENSON. [Second Impression.
" Mr. Benson has never done anvthing better. He has no real rival."
Outlook.
THE MAN OF PROPERTY.
By JOHN GALSWORTHY.
[Second Impression.
" One of the few volumes amongst recent works of fiction to which
one thinks seriously of turning a second time. The story has in it
some of the generous qualities which make ' Vanity Fair ' the wholly
delightful work it is.' —Athuueum,
THE JUNGLE.
By UPTON SINCLAIR. [Second Impression.
"Written with wonderful thrilling power."— Punch.
London: WM. HE1NEMANN, 21. Bedford Street. W.C.
T
EACHERS' SCRIPTURAL LIBRARY.
Price Sixpence each net.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
1. BRIEF LESSONS ON THE PARABLES AND
MIRACLES OF OUR LORD. The First Part contains 6hort
Expositions of the Parables, arranged according to Date : in the
Second, the Miracles are treated under the heads of the Regions
in which they were wrought. With Two Illustrations.
2. EMINENT SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS:
a Series of Biographical Studies in the Old and New Testaments.
Illustrated by Six Views of Biblical Scenes, which will, it is hoped,
be found useful to all who are interested in the study of the Holy
Scripture.
Published by STONEMAN, 29, Paternoster Square, E.C.
/COCKROACHES CLEARED WITH BLATTIS.
Used everywhere with unfailing success 6ince Mr. E. Howarth,
F.Z.S., destroyed plague of them at Sheffield Workhouse
in 1896.
Supplied by order to His Majesty the King at Sandringham.
Recommended by Dr. II. Woodward, F.R.S., Canon K Jacques, R.D.,
the ty'«". an^ a". Ladies' Pai>ers.
Tins is. 3d., 2s. 3d., 4s. 6<I.
HOWARTH & FAIR, 471, Crniksmoor Road. Sheffield.
N° 4097, May 5, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
005
THE NEW VARIORUM EDITION OF
SHAKESPEARE.
Edited by HORACE HOWARD FURNESS.
This Edition, prepared by the foremost living Shakespearian scholar, is the result of more than
thirty-five years of careful preparation. It represents the life-work of an American scholar of the
highest type, whose learning, painstaking labour, and critical judgment are lauded throughout the
literary world, not only by American and English Shakespearian scholars, but by those of the countries
of continental Europe as well.
The New Variorum Edition is without question the most complete in existence, as it is an edition
in which the various textual readings and editorial observations of the editions that have preceded it
are recorded.
THE FOURTEEN VOLUMES WHICH HAVE THUS FAB APPEARED APE
MACBETH, Revised Edition by Horace
HOWARD FURNEss, Junr.
KING LEAR.
OTHELLO.
THE MERCHANT OF VENICE.
ROMEO AND JULIET.
THE TEMPEST.
A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM.
AS YOU LIKE IT.
HAMLET (2 vols.).
THE WINTERS TALE.
TWELFTH NIGHT.
MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING.
LOVES LABOUR'S LOST.
"It is a truly monumental edition."— Pall Mall Gazette.
" This, the most exhaustive work on any of Shakespeare's plays, conies from America." — London Atheneeum.
"The most valuable work recently contributed to our Shakespearian literature." — Birmingham Daffy 1'
" America has the honour of having produced the very 'oest and most complete edition, so far as it has gon e, of
our great national poet." — Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine.
" These monumental volumes are the admiration of every true student of Shakespeare."
Dr. William Alius WRIGHT, Joint-Editor of the Cambridge ami Globe Editions of Shakespeare.
Royal 8vo, gilt top, uncut edges, 18s. per Volume.
LIPPINCOTTS
NEW GAZETTEER.
A Geographical Dictionary of the World,
EDITION OF 1906.
Containing References to over 100,030 Places— their Population, Location, and Industries.
ACCURATE, UP-TO-DATE, PRACTICAL.
Invaluable to
PUBLIC LIBRARIES SCHOOL LIBRARIES
PRIVATE LIBRARIES EDITORS GEOGRAPHERS.
"All the modem advances of geography are capably exhibited, as might have been expected from the editors."
Atheneeum.
" As far as we have been able to examine the book we have found it complete." — Spectator.
"The whole world is covered with extraordinary minuteness and fulness. The British Empire looms large all
through it The publishers rightly claim for it that it presents a picture of the world in itd minutest details in the
year 1905."— Standard.
Imperial 8vo (pp. 2,053), strongly bound in half-morocco, £2 2s. net.
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, 5, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London.
THE SURGICAL AID SOCIETY.
Chief Offices— SALISBURY SQUARE, FLEET STREET, E.C.
Telephone No. : 12282 CENTRAL.
Patron-HIS MAJESTY THE KING.
This Society was established in 1862 to supply Leg Instruments, Spinal Supports,
Trusses, Elastic Stockings, Artificial Limbs, &c, and every other description of
Mechanical Support, to the Poor.
OVER 440 PATIENTS ARE RELIEVED EVERY WEEK.
CONTRIBUTIONS EARNESTLY SOLICITED.
Annual Subscription of .£0 10 6 ) Entitles to Two Recommendations
Life Subscription of 5 5 0 J per Annum.
Bankers — Messrs. Barclay <fc Co., Ltd., 54, Lombard Street.
RICHARD C. TRESIDDER, Secretary.
BOMBAY DUCKS
An Account of some of the Everyday Birds and Beast-
found in a Naturalist's El Dorado. Bv DOUGLAS
DEWAR, B.A. F.Z.S. I.M.S. With numerous Illustra-
tions reproduced from Photographs bvCapt. FAYRER,
I. M.S. DemySvo, 16*. net.
MOORISH REMAINS IN SPAIN
Being a brief Record of the Arabian Conquest and
Occupation of the Peninsula, with a particular Account
of the Mohammedan Architecture in the Cities o-f
Cordova, Seville, ami Toledo. By A. F. CALVERT,
Author of -The Alhambra,' 'Life of Cervantes,' &c.
With 84 Coloured Plates, 200 Black-and-white lllu.-,-
trations, and 200 Diagrams. Crown 4to, 42*. net.
[Sow ready.
IMPRESSIONS OF JAPANESE
ARCHITECTURE AND
THE ALLIED ARTS
By RALPH ADAMS CRAM, Fellow of the American
Institute of Architects, Member of the Society of Art-,
London, and Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.
With 60 Illustrations reproduced from Photographs.
Demy 8vo, 10*. 6<i. net. [Sow rea
HISTORIC DRESS, 1607-1800
With an Introductory Chapter on Dress in the Spanish
and French Settlements in Florida and Louisiana. Bv
ELISABETH McCLELLAX, Illustrated in Colour. Pen-
and-Ink, and Wash Drawings by SOPHIK B. STEEL.
Together with, and Reproductions from, Photographs
of rare Portraits, Garments, &c. Demy 4to, 42*. net.
THE BOYHOOD AND YOUTH
OF NAPOLEON I., 1769-1793.
With Portraits. By OSCAR BROWXIXG. Crown
Svo, 5*. net.
THE LIFE AND LETTERS
OF R. S. HAWKER
Sometime \ icar of Morwenstow. By his Son-in-law,
C. (f. BYLKS. With numerous Illustrations bv J. LEY
PETHY BRIDGE and others. Demy Svo, 7*. 6<f. net.
[Popular Edition.
CORNISH SAINTS AND SINNERS
By J. HEXRY HARRIS. With upwards 01" J
Drawings by L. RAYEX-IIILL. Crown Svo, 6*.
THE CHAMPAGNE STANDARD.
By Mrs. JOHN LAXE, Author of 'Kitwyk,' &c
Crown Svo, to. [Third Edition.
THE WILD FLOWERS
OF SELBORNE.
By th9 Rev. Canon YAUGHAX. Crown Svo, Be. net.
THE MIRROR OF THE CENTURY
By WALTER FREWEX LORD.
Svo, 5s. net-
Illustrated. Crown
THE WESSEX OF
THOMAS HARDY.
By Prof. BERTRAM WIXDLE. With nearly 100
Illustrations, Maps, &c, by EDMUND H. NEW.
Crown Svo, 5*. net.
THE TWILIGHT OF THE GODS
By RICHARD G ARN KTT. Crown Svo. 6*.
Mr. Arthur Stnovsm SPEAKER.— "Thai astonishing
'Twilight of the Gods.'. ...I have marvelled at the blindness
of a public which to this day lias overlooked the qualities
of a book unique in_ our literature.... 'The Twilight of the
Gods' is a m isterpiece of that laughing wisdom which some
wise men have found for themselves after they have cricked
the shell of knowledge and found the nut small and bitter."
FICTION.
THE HOUSE BY THE BRIDGE
By M. G. EASTOX. Crown Svo, to.
THE NEWELL FORTUNE
By MANSFIELD BROOKS. Crown 8to, 6a
THE GREATER INCLINATION
By EDITH WHARTON, Author of 'The House of
Mirth.' Crown Svo, (U.
THE YOUNG O'BRIENS
By the Author of 'Helen Alliston ' and 'Elizabeth's
Children.' Crown BTO, 6a
THE UNDYING PAST
Bv HERMANN BUDERMANN. Translated bv
BEATRICE MARSHALL Crown Svo. .•>.-.
MOUNTAIN LOVERS
By FIONA MACLEOD. Crown 8to, 6a [y<->r Bditinn.
JOHN LANE,
Tho Rxlloy Head, London and New \\ rk.
5(50
THE ATHENiEUM
N°4097, May 5, 1906
CHATTO ^\A^NJDUSVJPUBLISHERS.
NEW STORIES BY THE AUTHOR OF 'EAST OF 8UEZ.'
RED RECORDS. By Alice Perrin, Author of ' Waters of Destruction.'
• Bed Beootda' i* iiuinly i nnr wnmrl with the Weird and the SapernjitfJ in India, and the stories open on some strange byways ai native superstitious belief* and autotaa.
There are contained in them recordl of tragedy, of myatery, Of love, and of punishment, many of which are founded on actual fact ; and dealing as they do with Anglo-Indian life in
Camp and station, as well aj with the people of the country in their villages and jungles, the tales will he found interesting by various ekuBMI of readers.
CHRIS HEALY'S NEW NOVEL.
MARA : an Unconventional Woman, has been REPRINTED, and a full supply is now ready at
all Libraries and Booksellers'.
"It commands attention and merits praise. ' ("est inagnili(|ue.'" — World. "Thrillingly interesting." — SheJfU'ld'Telegrajilt. "A vigorous novel." - Tri
THE LOST EARL OF ELLAN. By Mrs. Campbell Praed, Author of 'Christina Chard.' [««**
THE FERRY OF FATE : a Tale of Russian Jewry. By Samuel Gordon, Author of ' Sons of
the Covenant.' [Hay 17.
HARLEY GREENOAK'S CHARGE By Bertram Mitford, Author of 'The Gun-Runner.' u**
THE WOMAN IN THE ALCOVE. By Anna Katharine Green, Author of ' The Leavenworth
Ca.se.' [At all Libraries.
LOVE AND LORDSHIP. By Florence Warden, Author of ' Joan the Curate.'
" Show s all the excellent qualities which made ' The House on the Marsh ' so popular Holds our interest the whole way through." — Glasgow Herald.
A MENDER OF NETS. By WiUiam Mackay, Author of ' The Popular Idol.'
" A strong and conscientious study. . . .boldly conceived and skilfully developed."— Scotsman. " Could not have been better written." — Court Journal.
THE ROMANCE OF THE SOUTH SEAS. By Clement L
WBAGGK, F.R.G.S. With 84 Illustrations. Crown Svo, cloth, 7*. 6rf. net.
"A very bright book of travel.. ..The geology and natural history show rare and
scientific observation." — Outlook.
LITERARY RAMBLES IN THE WEST OF ENGLAND. By
ARTHUR L. SALMON". With a Frontispiece. Crown 8vo, cloth, 8a net.
" An admirable piece of work." — Scotsman.
THE POCKET CHARLES DICKENS : a Choice of Favourite
Passages made by A. H. HYATT, itimo, cloth, gilt top, 2s. net ; leather, gilt top,
Sa net. [May 17.
Also may be had, uniform in style and price : —
THE POCKET R. L. STEVENSON.
THE POCKET RICHARD JEFFERIES.
THE POCKET GEORGE MAC DONALD.
With «5 Illustrations. A NEW EDITION. Crown 8vo, Is. net.
MR. VERDANT GREEN. By Cuthbert Bede, B.A. (Rev. E.
BRADLEY).
This NEW EDITION includes in One Yolume the Three Parts which were originally
published as separate books : I. Adventures of Mr. Yerdant Green, an Oxford Freshman".
IL His Further Adventures as an Undergraduate. IIL Mr. Yerdant Green Married and
Done for.
CHEAP EDITION8. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3*. 6d. each.
EAST OF SUEZ. By MrS. Perrin, Author Of 'Red ReCOrdS.' j times... ?The topographical student willTe especially delighted with the assistance
' afforded by the author towards the identification of sites and localities." — r:t« "■«—
LIFE IN MOROCCO. By Budgett Meakin, Author of ' The
Land of the Moors.' With 24 Illustrations. Demy 8vo, cloth, lis. 6d. net.
" No living Englishman can speak on the subject with equal authority Mr. Meakin -
book is an interesting and authoritative one, both from the scientific and general point of
view — useful to the sociologist and to the mere traveller— and it is brightly written
throughout" — Daily Graphic.
THE STORY OF CHARING CROSS AND ITS IMMEDIATE
NEIGHBOURHOOD. By J. HOLDEN MACMICUAEL. With 2 Illustrations and
a Plan. Demy Svo, cloth, gilt top, 7s. 6d. net.
" A perfect mine of information respecting the social manners and habits of the
SIR WALTER
Demy 8vo, cloth, ',
■WESTMINSTER.
F. S. WALKER, and 130 Illustrations
BEN-HUR. A Tale of the Christ. By Lew. Wallace.
COLONEL THORNDYKE'S SECRET. By G. A. Henty.
A SOWER OF WHEAT. By Harold Bindloss.
THE CRUISE OF THE BLACK PRINCE,' PRIVATEER. By sooth ' London" 'wuTk
COMMANDER CAMERON. With 2 Illustrations. F. S. WALKER, and 118
NO OTHER WAY. By Sir Walter Besant. With 12 Illus-
trations by C. D. WARD.
A CRIMSON CRIME. By G. Manville Fenn.
LOVE— OR A NAME. By Julian Hawthorne.
-City Press.
BOOKS ABOUT LONDON.
BESANT'S
Crf. each.
With Etching by LONDON. With 125 Illustrations.
EAST LONDON. With Etching by
Etching by F. S. WALKER, and 56 Illustrations bv
Illustra- , PHIL MAY, L. RAVEN HILL, and
J. PENNELL.
MR. SWINBURNE S POETICAL WORKS. Collected Library
Edition in Six Volumes, crown Svo, buckram, gilt tops. With a Dedicatory Introduc-
tion to THEODORE WATTS-DUNTON. 36*. net for the Six Volumes. SECOND
IMPRESSION.
MR. SWINBURNE S TRAGEDIES. Collected Library Edition
in live Volumes. Crown Svo, buckram, gilt tops, 30*. net for the Five Volumes.
LOVE S CROSS-CURRENTS. A Year's Letters. By Algernon
CHARLES SWINBURNE. THIRD IMPRESSION. Crown Svo, buckram, gilt
top, 6g. net
Crown Svo, buckram, gilt tops, 6s. each.
ESSAYS OF TRAVEL. By R. L. Stevenson.
TALES AND FANTASIES. By R. L. Stevenson.
ESSAYS IN THE ART OF WRITING. By R. L. Stevenson.
THE LIFE OF CHARLES DICKENS AS REVEALED IN
I1H WRITINGS. By PKRCT FITZGERALD. With Portraits and Facsimiles.
2 vols, demy Svo, cloth, 21*. net.
A HISTORY OF OUR OWN TIMES from 1897 to the
Acceeaion of King Edward VII. By JUSTIN MCCARTHY. 2 vols, demy 8vo,
cloth, lis. "
THE ANNALS OF COYENT GARDEN THEATRE, 1732 1897.
By HENRY SAXE WYNDHAM. With 45 Hlustrations. 2 vols, demv Svo, cloth,
21«-. net. [Shortly.
THUNDER AND LIGHTNING. By Camille Flammarion.
Translated by WALTER MOSTYN. With Illustrations. Crown Svo, cloth, gilt
top, 6*. net.
"An admirably lucid study of all the phenomena attending a flash of lightning It
should be read by every one." — Court Journal.
THE ILLUSTRATED PARIS SALON, 1906. With 300 Illus-
trations by the Exhibitors. Demy Svo, 3s. [Immediately.
TAINE'S HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. With
32 Portraits. A NEW EDITION in Four Pocket Volumes. Pott svo, cloth, gilt top,
2*. net per vol. ; leather, gilt edges, 8*. net per vol.
NEW ANO POPULAR SIXPENNY COPYRIGHT NOVELS.
THE GRAND BABYLON HOTEL. By Arnold Bennett.
MADAME SANS-GENE. By E. Lepelletier.
ARIADNE. By Ouida.
BEYOND THE PALE. By B. M. Croker.
EYE. By S. Baring Gould.
THE DOUBLE MARRIAGE. By Charles Reade
FETTERED FOR LIFE. By Frank Barrett.
THE MONKS OF THELEMA. By Besant and Rice.
London: CHATTO & WINDUS, 111, St. Martin's Lane, W.C.
Editorial Communications should 1* addtaaMd to "THE rPITflTt" niHllllllH U and BaabaNi Gotten to "THE l'l 'lil.lsll EBB "-el the Hff.ce, Breams Buildings, Chancery Lane. E.C.
Published Weekly by JOHN C. FRANCIS an.l J. EDWARD FKANclS at Bnam'l Buildings. Chaix <ry Una, EC. an,l Printed fas J. KDWAJtS FRANCIS, Athemeum Press, Bream's Euildinss. Chancery Lane, E.C
Agents for Scotland, Messrs. BELL & BRADFUTE and Mr. JOHN MKNZIES Edinburgh.-Suturdiiy, May 5. 1106.
THE ATHEINLEUM
Jtournal of CEttglistr antr Jfarxign literature ^titmt, tljt Jim ^kxis, Jttttstt attft t\jt Brama*
No. 4098.
SATURDAY, MAY 12, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
N
0 T I C E
0 F
REMOVAL.
EDW. G. ALLEN 4 SOX'S LIBRARY AGENCY, on and after
MAY 9, will he REMOVED from 28, Henrietta Street. Covent Garden,
to KING EDWARD MANSIONS, 212a, SHAFTESBURY AVENUE,
where all communications after that date should be addressed.
EDW. G. ALLEN & SON, Ltd.
j^acwties.
BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION,
32, SACKVILLE STREET, PICCADILLY, W.— MEETING,
MAY lti. 8p.ii The following Paper will be read: 'SOME RELICS
OF THE CORNISH LANGUAGE, by Rev. W. S. LAOH S/.YKMA,
MA. GEO. PATRICK, Hon. Sec.
ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
(Incorporated by Royal Charter.)
An ORDINARY MEETING of the SOCIETY will he held on
THURSDAY Mav 17. at 5 p.m., in CLIFFORD'S INN HALL,
FLEET STREET, when the Rev. .1. W1LLCOCK will read a Paper
on •ARCHBISHOP SHARPE AND THE RESTORATION POLICY
IN SCOTLAND.' H. E. MALDEN, Hon. Sec.
THE FOLK-LORE SOCIETY. — The NEXT
MEETING of the SOCIETY will lie held at 22, ALBEMARLE
STREET, PICCADILLY, on WEDNESDAY. Mav 16, at 8 P.J1 , when
a Paper, entitled 'SOME NOTES FROM SOUTH AFRICA,' will be
read by Mr. E. S. HARTLAND. The Paper will he illustrated by
Lantern Slides. F. A. MILNE, Secretary.
11, Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.— The
ANNIVERSARY MEETING of the SOCIETY, for the
Election of President and Council, &c, will be held in the
THEATRE. Burlington Gardens, on MONDAY, May 21st, at 3 P.M.,
the President in the Chair.
The ANNUAL DINNER of the SOCIETY will he held in the
■evening of the Anniversary Meeting, at the HOTEL METROl'oLE,
Whitehall Rooms. Whitehall Place, at 7 p.m. for 7.:i0. Dinner charge
11. Is. Friends of Fellows are admissible to the Dinner.
Applications for Tickets should be made to the CHIEF CLERK,
1, Savilc Row, Burlington Gardens, not later than THURSDAY,
May 17th.
LEONARD DARWIN 1 Hon.
3. F. HUGHES /Secretaries.
1, Savile Row, Burlington Gardens, W.
■DR1TISH AND FOREIGN SCHOOL SOCIETY.
THE ANNUAL MEETING FOR 1906,
Being the 98th General Meeting of the Society, will tie held at
STOCKWELL TRAINING COLLEGE,
Stockwell Road, Clapham Road, S.W.,
At 2.30 r.M., on FRIDAY, May 18.
S]>eakers :—
The Right Hon. A. H. I). ACLAND (President),
The Right Rev. the LORD BISHOP OF HEREFORD,
And others.
At 4 p.m. the recently erected NEW WING of the COLLEGE will
be formally OPENED by Mrs. AUGUSTINE BIRRELL.
Light Refreshments will be provided at 4.30 o'clock.
Application for Cards af Admission to be made to ALFRED
BOURNE, Secretary, 114, Temple Chambers, Loudon, E.C.
lectures.
BRITISH SCHOOL OF ARCHEOLOGY IN
EGYPT.
Prof. FLINDERS PETRIE, D.C.L. F.R.S., will give a FREE
PUBLIC LECTURE on the DISCOVERIES OF THE SEASON
<The Jewish Temple of Onias, Hyksos Fortress and Cemetery, Citv of
Raamses, Cemetery of Goshen), at UNIVERSITY COLLEGE,
GOWER STREET, on THURSDAY, May 17, at 3 P.M.
Lectures of the College Course on succeeding THURSDAYS will
discuss the details of these discoveries.
The ANNUAL EXHIBITION will be held, as usual, at the
COLLEGE, JULY 2 to 28.
T
fprofoitont Institutions.
HE BOOKSELLERS' PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION.
Founded 1837.
Patron-HER MAJESTY QUEEN ALEXANDRA
Invested Capital, 30,0001.
A UNIQUE INVESTMENT
Offered to London Booksellers and their Assistants.
A young man or woman of twenty five can invest the sum of Twenty
<3uinea* (or its equivalent by Instalments), and obtain the right to
participate in the following advantages :—
FIRST. Freedom from want in time of Adversity as long as need
• exist*.
SECOND Permanent Relief in Old Age.
THIRD. Medical Advice hv eminent Physicians and Surgeons.
FOURTH. A Cottage in the Country (Abbots Langley, Hertford-
shire! for aged Members, with garden produce, coal, and medical
attendance free, in addition to an annuity.
FIFTH. A furnished house in the same Retreat at Abbots Langley
for the ate of Members and their families for holidays or during
comi aleeounce.
SIXTH. A contribution towards Funeral expenses when it is needed.
SEVENTH. All these are available not for Members only, but also
for their wives or widows and young children
EIGHTH The payment of the subscriptions confers an absolute
right to these benefits in all cases of need.
For further information apply to the Secretary Ma. GEORGE
ror further information apply to
LARNER, 28, Paternoster How, E.C
VTEWSVENDORS' BENEVOLENT AND
•J-* PROVIDENT INSTITUTION.
Founded 1839.
Funds exceed 25,0001.
Office : Memorial Hall Buildings, 16, Farringdon Street, London, E.G.
Patron :
The Right Hon. THE EARL OF ROSEBERY, K.G. K.T.
President :
The LORD GLEXESK.
Treasurer :
THE LONDON AND WESTMINSTER BANK, LIMITED.
A Donation of Ten Guineas constitutes a Vice-President and gives
three votes for life at all elections. Each Donation of Three Guineas
gives a vote at all elections for life. Every Annual Subscrilier is
entitled to one vote at all elections in respect of each Five Shillings
60 paid.
MEMBERSHIP.— Every Man or Woman throughout the United
Kingdom, whether Publisher, Wholesaler, Retailer, Employer, or
Employed, is entitled to become a Member of this Institution, and
enjoy its benefits ujion payment of Five Shillings annually, or Three
Guineas for life, provided tliat he or she is engaged in the sale of
Newspapers, and such Memhers who thus contribute secure priority
of consideration in the event of their needing aid from the Institution.
PENSIONS— The Annuitants now number Thirty -six, the men
receiving 257. and the Women 20(. per annum each, and they include :—
The " Royal Victoria Pension Fund,-' which was established in 1S87
and enlarged in 1897, 1901, and 1902, perpetually commemorates the
great advantages the News Trade enjoyed under the rule of Her late
Majesty Queen Victoria, provides Pensions of 201. a year each for Six
Widows of Newsvendors.
The " Francis Fund " provides Pensions for One Man, 25?., and One
Woman 20?., and was specially subscrilied in memory of the late John
Francis, who died on April 6, 1882, and was for more than fifty years
Publisher of the Atheinriim. He took an active and leading part
throughout the whole period of the agitation for the repeal of the
various then existing " Taxes on Knowledge," and was for very many
years a staunch supporter of this Institution.
The " Horace Marshall Pension Fund" is the gift of the late Mr.
Horace Brooks Marshall. The e»i/i!oi/cs of that firm have primary
right of election to its benefits, but this privilege not having been
exercised until 1904, the General Pensions of the Institution have had
the full benefit arising from the interest on this investment from 1887
to 1903.
The "Herbert Lloyd Pension Fund" provides 251. per annum for
one man ; and was established in 1903 in perpetual and grateful
memory of Mr. Herbert Lloyd, who was a generous benefactor of
this Institution, and who died May 12. 1899.
The "Hospital Pensions" consist of an annual contribution,
whereby Sir Henry Charles Burdett and his co-directors generously
enable the Committee to grant 201. for One Year to a Man, under
conditions laid down in Rule 8c.
W. WLLKIE JONES, Secretary.
GfeljiMtions.
(\LT> BRITISH SCHOOL-SHEPHERD'S
\J SPRING EXHIBITION includes choice Landscaiies and Por-
traits by the Masters of the Old British School of Painting.
SHEPHERD'S GALLERY, 27, King Street. St. James's Square.
(Educational.
WESTMINSTER SCHOOL— An EXAMINA-
TION will he held on JUNE 27. 28. and 29, to fill
VACANCIES in SCHOLARSHIPS and EXHIBITIONS. -For par-
ticulars apply by letter to the BURSAR, The Bursary, Little Dean's
Yard, Westminster.
u
N I V E R S I T Y OF DURHAM.
An EXAMINATION for ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS in
CLASSICS and THEOLOGY will lie held in JUNE, commencing
WEDNESDAY. 20th, at 9 a.m. Intending Candidates should apph to
THE MASTER OF UNIVERSITY COLLEGE;
THE PRINCIPAL OF BISHOP HATFIELD S HALL; or
THE CENSOR OF UNATTACHED STUDENTS.
CLASSICAL SCHOLARSHIPS are OPEN TO WOMEN. Intending
Candidates should apply to THE PRINCIPAL OF THE WOMEN'S
HOSTEL, Palace Green, Durham.
u
NIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER.
GARTSIDE SCHOLARSHIPS OF COMMERCE AND
INDUSTRIES.
Candidates must be of British nationality, and over the age of
Eighteen and under the age of Twenty-three at the date of Election.
The Scholarships, Three of which maybe awarded in JUNE, will be
tenable for Two Years, and of the value of 80?. the First Year [which
must he s|M-nt at the University), and from 1601. to 2801 the Second
Year (which must be spent in the study of Subjects bearing on
Commerce in the United States. Germany, or other country or
countries approved by the Electors). Candidates must send in their
applications, together with Testimonials of good character and record
of previous training, on or before JUN E 1, to the REGISTRAR, from
whom further partirulars can lie obtained.
MISS DREWRYS EVENING MEETINGS
for the STUDY of BROWNINGS POEMS will BEGIN on
Wednesday, M.iy 16, at 7.45 p.m. Miss Drawn gives Lectures,
Readings, and Lessons in English Language and Literature and
kindred subjects. Examines. Reads with Private l'upils. and helps
Students by Utter and in her Reading Society.— 143, King Henry s
Road. London, N.W.
EDUCATION CORPORATION.
pHURCH
CHERWELL HALL. OXFORD.
Training College for Women Secondary Teachers. Principal, Miss
CATHERINE I DODD, M.A., late Lecturer in Education at the
University of Manchesjtsji
Students are prepared for the Oxford Teacher's Diploma, the
Cambridge Teacher 8 Certificate, the Teachers Diploma of the
University of London, and the Higher Froeliel Certificate.
Full particulars on application.
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
FRANCE.-The ATHENiEUM can be
obtained at the following Railway Stations
in France:—
AMIENS. ANTIBES, BEAULIEU-SUR-MER, BIARRITZ. BOR-
DEAUX, BOULOGNE, CALAIS, CANNES, DIJON, DUNKIRK.
GENEVA, GOLFE-JUAN, HAVRE, HYERES, JUAN-LES-PINS,
LILLE, LYONS, MARSEILLES, MENTONE, MONACO, MONTE
CARLO. NANTES. NICE. PARIS lEst, Nord, Lyon), PAU, ROUEN.
SAINT RAPHAEL, TOULON, TOURS.
PARIS : W. H. SMITH & SON, 248, Rue de Rivoli ; and at the
GALIGNANI LIBRARY. 224. Rue de Rivoli.
THE DOWNS SCHOOL, SEAFORD, SUSSEX.
Head Mistress— Miss LUCY ROBINSON. M.A. date Second Mis-
tress St. Felix School, Southwoldl. References: The Principal ot
Bedford College, London ; The Master of Peterhouse. Cambridge.
[EDUCATION.
-Li Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are invited to rail u]ion or send fullv detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GABBITAS, THRING & CO.,
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. THRING. Nephew of the
late Head Master of Uppingham. 3<i, Sackvillc Street. London. W.
Situations Vacant.
TTNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NORTH WALES.
v> (A Constituent College of the University of Wales. I
Applications arc invited for the CHAIR OF EDUCATION now
vacant in tins College. The Council will elect on JUNE 20 Forty
copies of the Application and Testimonials should be in the hands of
the undersigned not later than THURSDAY, May SL The Professor
will be expected to enter on his duties at the" beginning of next
Session. — lor further particulars apply to
JOHN EDWARD LLOYD, M.A.. Secretary and Registrar.
Bangor, April 25, 1906.
TTNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOUTH WALES
U AND MONMOUTHSHIRE, CARDIFF.
The COUNCIL of the COLLEGE invites applications for the post of
LECTURER in POLITICAL and COMMERCIAL SCIENCE at a
Salary of 2007.
Applications, with Testimonials, should be sent on or liefore
THURSDAY, May 81, 1906, to the undersigned, from whom farther
particulars may be obtained.
-, . .._„ _ ,. •'•AUSTIN JENKINS, B.A.. Registrar.
University College, Cardiff,
April 21, 1906.
u
TNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF WALES,
J ABERYSTWYTH.
(A Constituent College ef the University of Wales.)
MISTRESS OF METHOD.
The COUNCIL invite applications for Uie post of MISTRESS OP
METHOD AND ASSISTANT LECTURER OF EDUCATION at
the atiove College, at a Salary of 1601. a year.
Applications, together with copies of" Testimonials, must reach the
Registrar not later thim MAY Hi. 1906.
Full particulars may be obtained from the undersigned
J. H. DAVIES, MA., Registrar.
XTEW SECONDARY SCHOOL (DUAL)!
±-y CASTLEFORD, YORKS.
APPOINTMENT OF HEAD MASTER.
The GOVERNORS of the above SCHOOL intend to proceed to the
appointment of a HEAD MASTER, to begin work in SEPTEMBER
NEXT. Candidates must lie between the ages of 28 and 40 and lie-
Graduates of a University in the United Kingdom or' British
Possessions.
Salary SUM. l«'r annum fixed, with a Capitation Fee of 17 )ier pupil
Minimum salary 4007. Applications, accompanied hv not more than
three recent Testimonials, to be made by Jl NE 30, to
ALFRED WILSON. Clerk to the Governors.
NIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS.
U
EXAMINERS.
The UNIVERSITY COURT of the UNIVERSITY of ST
ANDREWS invites applications for the appointment* of ADDI-
T10NAL EXAMINERS for GRADUATION in the following
Subjects : —
FACULTY OF MEDICINE-PATHOLOGY.
FACULTY OF ART8— (ol ENGLISH.
|6) MENTAL PHILOSOPHY i ,,k.ic Rn,i
Metaphysics and Moral Philoaonhrl
FACULTIES OF MEDICINE AND SCIENCE-PHYSIOLO(iY
FACULTIES OF ARTS, SCIENCE, AND MEDICINE - CHE
MISTRY.
The persons to he amiointed will hold office for a lieriod of Three
Years from JANUARY I, 1907.
Applications arc also Invited for the apiHiintment of an ADDI-
TIONAL EXAMINER for the PRELIMINARY EXAM IN \Tlo\s
and BURSARY COMPETITION in ENGLISH The person
apiKuntcd to the last-mentioned Ezaminership will hold office Ifor
One Year from FEBRUARY 1. 1907. and will act as « Representative
of the University on the Joint Board of Examiners of the Scotti«h
Universities. The appointment may be renewed for a Second Year
Applications, with cightein copies of Testimonials, must lie lodged.
on or before SATl RDAY. June JO, 1906 with the undersigned
_ ,. . ANDREW BENNETT. Secretary an 1 Registrar
The I m versify, St. Andrews, May 5, 1906.
;->«•■>
THE ATHENJEUM
N°4098, May 12, 1906
1LOI < ESI ER.
( \:\ IT
.-• M .... I
OR \M MAP
HEM V \ ,1 I UK -( ITKMBI It MM
ii. I i,i..i.iti in Hi. I nil.d Kingdom
II in Muli hi, I. i- II. mi .i ii.. I mi. I. il .k. ■ .mi other
Tli. -.1, ..| mil i- conducted iiii.I.i ill.- Ki'iciilntii.iiii f..r Secondary
S, h.-.l-
ol il |k-i pupil
\ . inn. -.1 l.j riim. .1 c opies ..(
-I .1. I..-AI..I MJ", I. II. I DUII k.'-l
■ M ir School," t«
I.v, A HAJJJXOKR, Clerk to the OoT«rDon
T. ■ linii d ■»> hool, Glow
c;
LOUCESTER. SIR THOMAS RICH'S
*l ||. '"I.
Ml M- MASTER REQUIRED in SEPTEMBER NEXT.
He must be a Graduate of some! alreraitj In the United Kingdom
t Ish Po"cssi..iiv
M. need not be In Holy Order*. Be may not undertake imy other
office .'i employment.
The School «ill Ik. conducted under the Regulations fi
.iii.I is Intemled for Boys not oxceedii I age.
v 3O01, )kt :iniiiini uii.l .i Capitation Pee of 10S. pa Pupil.
Number ol PupiUat prasant oaregister 877.
Application*, stating age. kc . and aooompanied by Printed i
of Testimonial*, must be sent under cover, sealed up, and marked
"Head Master, 8ir Thorn hool.' ta and received no) late]
than MAI 18, 1906. by. a BALUNGER Clerk to the Governors
'I'.-, hnioal School, Glouoastei
u
XI V i: RS] \\ 0 V BIR.M IX(i II A M.
TWO ASSISTANT LEI Tl 'REsHIPs IN UATHEHATIOB.
The COUNCIL Invites applicationi for the above appointment*.
Btipends iT.v. Mini en/, per annum respectively
Applications, aooompanied by Testimonials, should be sent to the
undersigned, not later than TUESDAY, June B, IBM.
The Candidate* electeil will he required to enter upon their duties
cm OCTOBER I, IMS.
further particular! may if obtained from
GEO. ii. MORLEY, Secretary.
The University, Birmingham, May, v.*m.
G
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.
ol.l "SMITHS- COLLEGE, NEW CROSS.
DEPARTMENT FOR THE TRAINING OF TEACHERS.
About TEN ADDITIONAL TEACHERS 'Men and Women) will
shortly be appointed in the shove Department.
These will include an assistant MASTER OF METHOD, an
Assistant MISTRESS oE METHOD [for Infant School Teaching),
and TEACHERS of ENGLISH LITERATURE, FRENCH, HIS
TORY, MATHEMATICS, ELEMENTARY SCIENCE.
The majority of the Salaries will be. for Men. between 1761. and 2.W.
ii year : and for Women, between law. and 8002. :i year ; but more or
less may lie paid in exceptional cases.
An ASSISTANT MANUAL INSTRUCTOR (Salary 100?. or UMM. a
year1 is also required.
Applicationi must be received not later than SATURDAY, June 2,
Particulars may be obtained from THE WARDEN, Goldsmiths'
College, New Cross, S.E.
T EICESTER MUNICIPAL SCHOOL OF ART.
IHead Master-Mr. R J. FLETCHER.
SITUATIONS VACANT.
The COMMITTEE invite applications for the following posts:—
SECOND MASTER.
To teach Design, and to take part in the general organization
anil carrying out of the school's Work.
The Candidate must he a capable Draughtsman and Teacher, and
strong in Building Design, or one of the crafts connected with build-
ing. In addition, the Person appointed wiH be required to continue
his practice of the Work in which he specializes in a Studio-Workroom
provided for the purpose. Commeneirig Salary, SSSOI.
ASSISTANT TEACHERS.
TWO ASSISTANTS, Male or Female, are required to beach Drawing
and Painting from plant form and natural objects, and to giie instruc-
tion in ►■inn- Elementary Crafl Work. Candidates must be strong and
sympathetic Draughtsmen and capable Teachers. One of the abore
Assistants wiU be required to give about 23 hours per Meek to actual
Teachingand Preparation, at a Salary of lanf. per annum. Theother
As.-i-t mt "ill be required to give about 111 hours per week, at a Salary
Of 100/. per annum.
Preference will be gircn. capabilities in Draughtsmanship and
Teaching being equal, t.> those candidates who practice some par-
ticular art or artistic craft.
The Persons appointed will be required to continue the practice of
the work in which they specialize, and to commence their Duties in
SEPTEMBER NEXT.
Canvassing will disqualify.
Applications must Be sent in not later than MAY ::o inst., on Forms
obtainable (with further particulars' from
T. GROVES. Secretary.
Education Offices, Town Hall, Leicester. May 5, 1908.
K
ENT EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
TUNBRIDGE WELLS HIOHER EDUCATION SUB-COMMITTEE.
COUNTY school for GIRLS, TUNBRIDGE WELLS.
WANTED, in SEPTEMBER NKXT. an assistant MISTRESS
at the above-named Behool bo teacn French throughout theSchool,
and also some Geography and other Form subjects.
Initial Salary Pi:./ CO 1101, per annum, according to qualifications
and experience, rising, in accordance with the Committee's Scale, by
annual in. re nts of II. 10*., for the first two years, then of a/., to a
maximum oi i 102. or 1002. (according t>< academic qualiflcai Eons)
I Application Forms will be supplied by Mr. H. W. CooK. Technical
Institute. Tunbridge Wells, to whom they must he returned.
By Older of the Committee.
fras. w. CROOK; Secretary
«. Bedford Row, London, W.C., April 18, 1908.
E
AST HAM PUPIL- TEACHER CENTRE
WANTED, an assistant MI8TRES8 for the above CENTRE.
Applicants must jm.sscss a Degree in Artsor its equivalent, and should
ially qualified to teach Latin and History. Preference will be
given to applicants with successful Secondary School experience.
c mencing Salary 1202., rising by 02 yearly to 1402 tppuoations,
written on the printed Forms, to ' Maine. I from the undersigned
must be sent in i r before THURSDAY, May iv, to
W. II. BARKER, lis,-.
Tei bin. d i ..Urge, Fast llam. E.
AN ASSISTANT TUTOR for the BRISTOL
DAY TRAINING COLLEGE FOR MEN will be REQUIRED
in SEPTEMBER NKXT. Salary 1401. pel annum, non-resident,
Main subjects required. Geography and Natural History, Graduate
preferred, Applications, together with thirty conies of not more
than f..ur re. out Testimonials, to be sent t.i THE REGISTRAR,
University College. Bristol, before MAY 84.
B
\ i i ER8I \ I'oi. v i ii ii x [O, - Vf
Th. (io\ HUM Mi I. >Di r. , .in the
. Iiuar .lutlri mil be III
LADY I II KK
s. Ii.ail . '
l ..ion ■
F.. i parti. mI.ii
i.i >ii.| the Mom.
1 1 ->/ pel ..iiiiiiiii. .... •
rod stamped addressed envelop)
of s well rduratol
"lib the Training
I alil.ulM U) l*ol
I.. II E
EDITOR WANTED to CONDUCT a WEEKLY
I J PAFEB inertly to be trauatoiiod to London, sis as
..lh, oi inti. -in. .-. s,oool Itabl* opanin
•.-.in..- ii... i. A.i.li. --. in i Ulft, Alb. lui-uiu
Press, i i .
QHORTHAN D \ \ PI8T. LONDON PUB
H LI8HE1I requirM the MrrioN ol -i competent ipMdj WritaVM
i intfi with PuMiihing te« inii' »iiti» m ud of food
education i Salary required Boa 1113, Athnuvan
I mi - Boildinga, Cbjuai • rj immu i I
^itnalions WLaxdtb.
SECRETARY. — LADY GRADUATE, r»p
yj Shorthand Writer and Tj).ist. seeks RE-BNOAGEME1
BOX IIP.. Atli.ieeum Pre**, I ::. Lream § Lilil.llm/s. K c.
■:vj'
i s COI.'RIKR, CUIDK, or TRAVELLING
jCTl COMPANION. — Accomplished ENGLISH LADY, speaking
f'r.ii.h, German, and Italian, s.ek- RE-ENGAGEMENT. Capable
and experienced Organixeri Musical, bright, companionable. Excel-
lent references In London. Paris, 4c.— Mise EDWARDS, care of The
Ladies Guild, 10, George street, Hanover Bquare, w. Telephone.
SOOSGemrd.
TO PUBLISHERS and EDITORS.— EMPLOY-
MF.NT WANTED in any Literary or Journalistic cai«.ity.
MSB. read and prepared for Press. Editing, Compiling, Indexing.
Researches at the British Museum, 4c. Foreign Languages. Good
knowledge of Continental Affairs and Literature. — KRN'EST A.
VIZETEXLY, 4-r>, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C.
N active YOUNIi MAN (23) requires
SITUATIOH as PUBUSHER'S or BOOKSELLER'S ASSTJS-
TAN r. Can supply good references. — T., Box io<0, Athcmcum r
la, Bream's Buildings, Chancery I.me, E.C.
A
TRANSLATION, Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing. Encyclopaedic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Non-Resident Secretaryship. Classics. French. German, Italian.
Spanish, Anglo-Saxon. Special subjects: Mythology and Literature.
Varied experience. Moderate terms. — M iss SELIiY. 68, Talbot Road. W.
1 ITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
I 1 British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials— A B., Box 1008, Athcnanim Press, 18, Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane, E.C.
iEtsr£llan£0us.
MSS.— MESSRS. T. C. & E. C. JACK,
?A, Henrietta Street. Covent Garden. London, invite
WRITERS to send them MSS. of ORIGINAL STORIES II) for
Boys of 10-1-1, addressed to Mr. JOHN LANG, Boys" Editor; 121 For
Girls of ni-14. addressed to Mrs. JOHN LANG, Girls' Editor: IS) For
Children of fi-10. addressed to Mrs. LOUEY CHISHOLM. Children's
Editor • extent -lo.nao to 50,000 words, All MSS. iwhieh should be sent
in any time before SEPTEMBER 80— Type-written preferred) will be
acknowledged, and returned if not suitable.
GREEK LITERARY GENTLEMAN would
give GREEK LESSONS at PUPIL'S RESIDENCE. Terms:
Three Lessons a Week. Three Hours, 10s. ; Four Hours Pis.— Write
R. L. G„ care of Gould's, 5J. New Oxford Street. W.C.
PUBLISHER of PRIVATELY PRINTED
ROOKS desires to MEET with a GENTLEMAN with
CAPITAL to join him in his Business.— Apply Box 1114, Athenteum
Press, 13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane. E.C.
QHORTHAND. — PRIVATE SECRETARIES.
►O specially trained iii Shorthand. Journalism, and all Secretarial
duties (Ladies and Gentlemen of good family and superior education',
can be secured on application to THE HEAD MASTER OP THE
BRITISH schools of commerce ifor the Nobility and Gentry),
"7. New Bond Street. W. Tel. W114 Gerrard.
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARTAL
WORK and INDEXING. -Apply Hiss PETHFRI'.RIDGE (Nat.
S.i. Tripos), 02a, Conduit Street, Bond Street, London, W.
Ihtsnussps for Disposal.
PUBLISHING, BOOKSELLING, &c. — First-
Class CITY BUSINESS.— Central Premises at moderate rent
under long Lease. Wide connexion. Full investigation allowed.
Satisfactory particulars in confidence. Ais.ut 2,0001. required. A
rare opportunity.— Mr, A. M. BURGHE8, 34, Paternoster Row.
NEWSPAPER PROPERTY.
Mr, WALTER WELLSMAN. Copyright Valuer,
Will DISPOSE of the GOODWILL, COPYRIGHT, and PLANT of
s sound, paying NEWSPAPER and PRINTING BUSINESS within
fifty miles of London. Moderate capital required.— Particulars _>o,
New Bridge Street, London.
^Iip^-ciErtes.
^"^Y1>E-^^'K]T1^"(: undertaken by highly ednoated
Women [Classical Triisis ; Cambridge. Higher Local: Modem
Languages). Research, Revision. Translation. Dictation Room.—
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPEWRITING AGENCY. 10, Duke Street.
idelphi, w.c.
TYPEWRITING, 9fZ. per 1,000 words. All
kinds of MSS. STORIES. PLAYS. Ac. accurately TYPED.
Carbons. .(.' per 1,000. Best references— M. KING 7, Corona \ illa.s.
Pinner Road, Harrow.
A UTHORS' MSS. , NOV ELS, S TORIES, PLAYS,
XTL ESSAYS TYPEWRITTEN with comi.lete accuracy !kf. iht
1,000 words. (Tear Cnrlmn Copies guaranteed. References to well-
known Writers.— M. STUART, Thirllwiik Roxlwrough Road, Harrow
AUTHORS 1188 ML i«t i 000
MONH HLA1 H. 1 . .
1 \ I'K.D j»
Mil - . il i«rU-, Koad.
UapbajB
tls.
Till, i 0 0PKRA1 IVKTYPE WRITERS, Ltd.
OS 11- HOUSE, 116, lll'.ll HOLBORN, W.C.
. i Hnin Lillry & Mkini.-
SHORTHAND. TYPING DUPLII aTINQ TRAJKLi
Tit A
A limil.-d Dumber of PujlU Uken
"Lirfng Wage." oft. « well
lighted uid liealtliy MSS kept iu Di
Kft.irnt H\mB,
TYl'E WIUI LNO. M88., BCTENTIFIC, and
of all Descriptions, COPIED Si«-(i»l sttri.-
requiring cai. i... '.iloa Roods Shorthand os Typ< Wrttingl
Usual terms —MIh« ¥.. B and I. FAKKA.Y Doniugton House, SO,
Norfolk Street, Slruid. fnsilkl
TSPE rVRTITNG, The WEST KENSINGTON
OFFICES Authors' MSS I-^iod «nd General
Copying Cirenlara, 4c, iluplicatal. L'»ual Imm. Referrnoes.
Established thirt. K -IK» ss- Hammri
K«ul. W. rprirate A<l<lrew : 13, Wolierton G»rden». Ilamiumiuilti .
TyPE-WRITING.— AUTHORS MSS. and
other. LITERARY WoltK lad pss 1 "•• »ord». Good refer-
en..- Mi-- I, mmi Lloyd BansWB, WJ
TYPEWRITER. PLAYS and
description. Carbon and other Duplicate or Manifold Coiaes.
-Mi-s K. M TK.AR >U. MaitLind Park P....
Established 1KH4.
TYPE-WRTING. - AUTHORS' MSS.
kinds carefully TYPED. <W. r«:r nfter 10.080.
Knowledge of French, German, and Italian.- A I BOWMAH,
74, Limes AiellUe, New Soulheate, N.
^utljors' Agents.
THE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— E 187ft
The interests of Authors espahly isiisis— lisil Arre«
Publishing arranged MSS pla.a-.lwit
monialsoii application to Mr. A. M. Ill . - .
.. _ny la-tirs Literary Reader and for
Ji<;""\,'-1,',".-,\1"""1 Editor of the Mes*r». Harmsworth. assin
Mr. WILKINSON SHEItREN the s,«w. ,.l Authors
London Vc'™ "V'~Ad,lrt'>* 2<l' 1!utki"-1 ~ viand.
IVTR. GEORGE LARXER, Accountant and
P.,^i,L,0,'nT1-.V?I"CI" toJhe. Boojtwllinif. Publishing. Xr« inner.
Pnn in,-, and Stationery Trades. Partnerships Arranged. Ilibince
Sheets and Trading accounta Prepared and Anditeil. All BuSSs
carried out under Mr. L.rner's personal supernsion.-SS, 2S and 10.
laternoster Row, EX.. Secretary to the Booksellers' Proridcnt
NEWSPAPER PROPERTIES
BOUGHT, SOLI). VALUED, AND SUPPLIED WITH
EYERY REQUISITE
The London Agency of an additional limited numtier of Provincial
and Colonial Newspapers can be undertaken.
Full particulars from
THE IMPERIAL NEWS AGKH
2 and 4, Tudor Street, London. I
fi MITCHELL & CO., Agents for the Sale and
\J. Purchase of Ncirsiuiier Proiwrtiea. undertake Valuations for
irohate or Purchase, ]n\ estimations and Audit of Accounts. Ac Card
of Terms on application.
Mitchell House. 1 and 2, Snow HiU, Holborn Y'isduct. E.C
A THEN.EUM PRESS. -JOHN EDWARD
-L\. FRANCIS. Printer of the AOunirnm. .VoOs osrf Qnrrie*. kc is
prcinred to SUBMIT ESTIMATES for all k .R. NEWS
and PERIODICAL PKINT1NG.-13. Bream's Ituil.lings, Chancery
Lane, E.C
CLatalogius.
A
NCTENT and MODERN COIN- tors
and Anti'iuariaiis are invited to spplv t. SPINK Si SON
Limited, for Specimen Copy .gratis, of their NUMISMATIC CIRCU-
LAR. The finest Greek. Roman, and English Coins on View and for
Sale at Moderate Prices.— SPINK A SON. Limited. Experts, Valuers.
and Cataloguers, lfi. 17. and 11 Piccadilly, London. W. Established
Upwards of a Century.
BOOKS! BOOKS! BOOK^'
GREAT variety. LOW PRICES
PUBLISHERS REMAINDER STOCKS.
Comprising all kinds of Literature.
ALL BOOKS IN NEW CONDITION AS WHIN PIT.L1SHED.
FREQUENT CATALOGUER Write or calL
\\ II. 1. 1 \M (il.AISIIER.
Remainder and Discount Rook-cller. SSa\ High llolhom. London.
THE INTERNATIONAL BOOK CHRUULAR.
No 141. containing a S]«., ial Article, entitled 'MODERN
VIEWS of ELECTRICITY and MATTER hi Pr..i ALFRED W.
PORTER. Specimen topics gratis.— WILLIAMS '. NORGATE.
I'.,s.k [mporten, It, Henrietta Street, Count (Jar.len. \\ I
BOOKS.— AH OUT-OF-PRINT and RARE
BOOKS on any subject SUPPLIED. The most exnari n.> kfin.ler
extant Please state wants sndask for CAT A Lot; IE. I make a sr*cial
feature of exchangii Me Books for others select. si from niy
various I.i-t - Briecuu List of °..tioo Roiiks I |«irticularlT want post free.
EDW BAKER S Great Bookshop, 14-lt, John Bright Street, Birming-
ham. Oscar Wilde's Poems, 21«., for (U. t»f. u.nly ivi issued).
N°4098, May 12, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
563
HH. PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street, Leicester,
. issues CATALOGUES of MSS. and RARE BOOKS post free
to Book Collectors. No. 16 contains Books relating to Ireland-
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Literature— Collection of Broad-
side Ballads, &c.
LEIGHTON'S
TLLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of EARLY
X PRINTED and other INTERESTING BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS,
and BINDINGS,
OFFERED FOR SALE BY
J. & J. LEIGHTON, 40, Brewer Street, Golden Square, W.
Thick Svo, 1,788 pp., 6,200 items, with upwards of 1,350 Reproductions
in Facsimile.
Bound in art cloth, gilt tops, 25«. ; half morocco, gilt tops, 30g.
Part X. (Supplement) containing A. with 205 Illustrations.
Price •!■■>. Just issued.
FIRST EDITIONS of MODERN AUTHORS,
including Dickens, Thackeray, Lever, Ainsworth ; Books illus-
trated by G. and R. Cruikshank. Phiz, Rowlandson, Leech, &C. The
largest and choicest Collection offered for Sale in the World. CATA-
LOGUES issued and sent post free on application. Books Bought.—
WALTER T. SPENCER, 27, New Oxford Street, London, W.C.
CATALOGUE of FRENCH BOOKS, at greatly
reduced prices. I. PHILOSOPHY. II. RELIGION. III. HIS-
TORY. IV. POETRY, DRAMA. MUSIC. V. BEAUX ARTS. VI.
GEOGRAPHY. VII. MILITARY. VIII. FICTION. IX. GENERAL
LITERATURE.
DULAU k CO. 37, Soho Square, London, W.
CATALOGUE No. 45.— Drawings, Engravings,
and Books, including an extensive ami fine Collection of the
Plates of Tinner's LIBER STUDIORUM and other Engravings after
Turner — Hogarth's Engravings — Whistler's Etchings — Works by
Ruskin, ic. Post free, Sixiicncc.— WM. WARD, 2, Church Terrace,
Richmond, Surrey.
EEADERS and COLLECTORS will find it to
their advantage to write for J. BALDWINS MONTHLY
CATALOGUE of SECOND-HAND BOOKS, sent post free on applica-
tion. Books in all Branches of Literature. Genuine bargains in
Scarce Items and First Editions. Books sent on approval if desired.—
Address, 14, Osborne Road, Leyton, Essex.
WANTED, BOOKS, MSS., EARLY MAPS, or
PORTRAITS relating to AUSTRALIA. New Zealand. Oceana,
Ac— Address. Mr. R. THOMSON, Bedford Hotel, Southampton Row,
London, W.C.
TO LET, FURNISHED, for JULY and
AUGUST, a GENTLEMAN'S HOUSE. Twelve Bedrooms,
Bathroom. Four Sitting rooms, good Library; H acres Garden and
"Wood ; Tennis Ground ; Two stalled Stable and Coach House. Close to
Church ; half mile from Walton-on-Thanies Station. Rent 12 guineas
a week.— Address A. J. BUTLER, Esq., Wood End, Weybridge.
TO PUBLISHERS AND OTHERS.— TO BE
LET, in the heart of the City, ami within a few yards of
Ludgate Hill, a large SHOP, BASEMENT, and FIRST and SECOND
FRONT FLOORS of a newly erected handsome Building, admirably
suited for Bookselling, Publishing, or similar Business.— For further
-particulars apply to the SECRETARY. 59 and 60, Old Bailey, B.C.
BATH.— EXCEPTIONAL OFFER for remainder
of Lease. Fifteen Months lOption of renewal of tenancy at
•expiration of Lease if desired). TO LET. UNFURNISHED HOUSE,
thoroughly well decorated throughout, all modern appliances. Three
Reception and Six Bedrooms, ic. 65?., or near offer. — Apply
Forencld House, Bath.
^abs fog JVitctifltt.
Selection
other
The Library <>f the late G. R. ROGERS, Beq., a Sel
from the Library of the late Miss a. II. BUTTS, and
I'rojx rtii t,
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON &HODOE
will BELL bv AUCTION, at their H.msc. No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand, YV.c.. on TUESDAY, May 16. ami Two Following
Days, at i o'clock precisely BOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS, including
the LIBRARY of the late GEORGE KUSSELL ROGERS, Esq, (sold
rdei of the Executors); the Property of MRS. CLARK. Belsrave
Terrace, Newcastle-on-Tyne ; a Portion of the LIBRARY of Miss
K. 11. BETTS (deceased). Wortham Manor, Suffolk isold by Order of
the Administrator to the Estate); and OTHER PROPERTIES,
comprising Sporting Works— Books on Natural History and Botany-
Poetry— Historical Works— Collection of William Morris's Writings-
Illustrated Prencfa Publications— Chap-Books— Scottish History—
Archaeological and ToiMgraphical Works — Voyages and Travels—
Numismatic Books— Military, civil War, and otherTracts- Children's
Books Architi cture Cooks on the Fine Arts, fee.— Works Illustrated
by Caldecott, Cruikshank, Leech, " Phiz," Stothard, Birket Foster. &c
— Milton.- Poems, 1673 Ackermann's oxford. Cambridge, Winchester.
.Ac, r> vols- Scarce Early Printed Books -First Editions of Modern
Authors— Periodical Literature, &c.
May be Hewed. Catalogues may be had.
The important Series of Unman Bronze Coins, the Property
of the late C. E. MACKERELL, /•:«/.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON k BODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No, i:(. Wellington
I Strand, W.C., on WEDNESDAY, May 16, and Two Following
clock precisely, the important SERIES of ROMAN
BRONZE COINS, and ■ few GREEK SILVER ("INS collected by
the late C E MACKERELL Esq., P.RN.8. Isold by order oi the
tors).
May be riewed two days prior. Illustrated Catalogues may be had.
Anto>/raj/h Letters.
ME88RS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON 4 EODGE
will BELL by AUCTION, at their House. No |g. Wellington
SATURDAY Maj 19, al I o'clock precisely
GRAPH LETTERS ami HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS, com-
of Royal Sinn Manuals of English Sovereigns
from Henri \ll to Queen Victoria, Including a fin.- Sjiecimen of the
ire Signature of Edward VI Letters fi thi I irl of Lcicestei
(Favourite of Queen Elisabeths the Earl of Nottingham (CommandeT
h Armada), Cromwell, Rradshs i of (J
Komney, 8ii l Reynolds. W. M. Thackeray, I I Tennyson Islgned
'■' iisical Be - and lutographi
i Emma, Lady Hamilton.
May bt i b ■«,-,! two days prior. Catalogues may ba had.
SALES by AUCTION, &c, continued on p. 564.
BEMROSE & SONS' LIST.
THE VALUES OF OLD ENGLISH SILVER AND SHEFFIELD
PLATE. From the Fifteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries. By J. W. CALDICOTT. Edited
by J. STARKIE GARDNER, F.S.A. 3,000 Selected Auction Sale Records; 1,600 Separate
Valuations ; 660 Articles. Illustrated with 87 Collotype Plates. 300 pages. Royal 4to, cloth.
Price 42s. net. Prospectus will he sent on application.
"A most comprehensive and abundantly illustrated volume Enables even the most inexperienced
to form a fair opinion of the value cither of a single article or a collection, while as a reference and
reminder it must prove of great value to an advanced student." — Daily Telegraph.
" A finely got-up book, copiously and well illustrated, giving detailed auction records and other
information of value to buyer, seller, and owner." — Times.
OLD ENGLISH GOLD PLATE. By E. Alfred Jones. With
numerous Illustrations of existing Specimens of Old English Gold Plate, which by reason of their
great rarity and historic value deserve publication in book form. The examples are from the
Collections of Plate belonging to His Majesty the King, the Dukes of Devonshire, Newcastle,
Norfolk, Portland, and Rutland, the Marquis of Ormonde, the Earls of Craven, Derby, and
Yarborough, Earl Spencer, Lord Fitzhardinge, Lord Waleran, Mr. Leopold de Rothschild, the
Colleges of Oxford and Cambridge, &c. Royal 4to, buckram, gilt top. Price to Subscribers,
21s. net. [Li tht pn ss.
L0NGT0N HALL PORCELAIN. Being further information
relating to this interesting fabrique. By WILLIAM BEMROSE, F.S.A., Author of 'Bow,
Chelsea, and Derby Porcelain,' &c. Illustrated with 27 Coloured Art Plates, 21 Collotype Plates,
and numerous Line and Half-Tone Illustrations in the Text. Bound in handsome " Longton-blue "
cloth cover, suitably designed. Price 42s. net. Prospectus will he sent on application.
" This magnificent work on the famous Longton Hall ware will be indispensable to the collector."
Bookman.
" The collector will find Mr. Bemrose's explanations of the technical features which characterize
the Longton Hall pottery of great assistance in identifying specimens, and he will be aided thereto by
the many well-selected illustrations." — Atheiutum.
THE CHURCH PLATE OF THE DIOCESE OF BANGOR. By
E. ALFRED JONES. With Illustrations of about one hundred Pieces of Old Plate, including a
pre-Reformation Silver Chalice, hitherto unknown ; a Mazer Bowl, a fine Elizabethan Domestic
Cup and Cover, a Tazza of the same period, several Elizabethan Chalices, and other important
Plate from James I. to Queen Anne. Demy 4to, buckram. Price to Subscribers, 16a, net.
[In the press.
MEMORIALS OF OLD HAMPSHIRE. Edited by the Rev.
O. E. JEANS, M.A. F.S.A., Author of Murray's 'Handbook to Hampshire.' Dedicated by
kind permission to his Crace the Duke of Wellington, K.G. With numerous Illustrations. Demy
Svo, cloth extra, gilt top. Price 15s. net.
"There are very well-written chapters on Southampton, on Portsmouth, Hampshire Churches,
Wall Paintings ; the accounts of Romsey, Netley, and Beaulieu Abbeys are all admirable In fact,
we have not found a dull chapter." — Church Times.
"'Memorials of the Counties of England' is worthily carried on in this interesting and readable
volume. " — Scotsman.
MEMORIALS OF OLD SOMERSET. Edited by F. J. Snell,
M.A., Author of 'Book on Exmoor,' &c, and Editor of 'Memorials of Old Devonshire.'
Dedicated by kind permission to the Most Hon. the Marquess of Bath. With numerous
Illustrations. Demy 8vo, cloth extra, gilt top. Price to Subscribers, 10s. Qd. net. Prospectus
ii-i/l be sent on application. [In the pn ss.
Among the Contributors will be : The Rev. Canon SCOTT HOLMES, W. TYTE, Rev. Canon
CHURCH, H. ST. GEORGE GREY, Rev. D. P. ALFORD, Rev. C. W. WHISTLER, and other
Eminent Writers.
MEMORIALS OF OLD WILTSHIRE. Edited by Miss Alice
DRYDEN, Editor of 'Memorials of Old Northamptonshire.' With numerous Illustrations.
Demy Svo, cl >th extra, gilt top. Price to Subscribers, 10s. I'vl. net. Prospectus will be sent on
application. [In tin press.
Among the contributors will be: Sir ALEXANDER MUIR-MACKENZIE, Hart., J. ALFRED
GOTCH, F.S.A. F.R.I.B.A., Rev. Canon WORDSWORTH, the LORD BISHOP OF BRISTOL,
Rev. J. CHARLES COX, LL.D. F.S.A., HAROLD BRAKSPEAR, F.S.A. F.R.I.B.A., M. JOUR-
DAIN, and other Eminent Writers.
GARDEN CITIES IN THEORY AND PRACTICE. By A. R.
BENNETT, A.M.I.C.E., &c. Largo crown Svo, 2 vols., attractively bound in cloth, with 400
Plates, Plans, and Illustrations. Price 21s. net.
"The book is one that we are happy to regard as characteristic of our times ; and the interests on
which it touches are in the true sense bo absolutely national and of suoh deep significance that it ought
to receive from enlightened citizens a ready and prompt support." Hlohc.
SOLDIERS OF THE CROSS IN ZULULAND. Being a History
of the Mission Work of the Church of Knidand in Zululand during the past Fifty Years. By
E. and II. W. With Preface by FRANCES AWDRY. Large orown Svo, oloth, with many
Illustrations. Price 3d. Qd. ael ; postage W.
"A most interesting, comprehensive, and romantic account of the origin and growth of the Zulu
Church..., revised and corrected by the Bishop of Zululand." Publishers' Circular.
COMPLETE CATALOGUE WILL BE SENT ON APPLICATION.
London; BEMROSE & SONS, Pm,,,,., 4, Snow Hill, E.G.; and Derby,
m
TB E ATIIENJEUM
N 1098, May 12, 1906
.^alrc by Jtettott— continued.
Th*9alual I fR C PI8HBR, /■'•■/.■■l Hill Top,
V ft.
Ml BSRS SOI HF.r.N . W [LKINSON M IE
will -I II.' \VI I ION 'i U Wellington
\l"\|.\\ M .\ Jl. itml Three Following
I Ml: \r\
I ii-iii i: I i ol Mill Ton Miill
nil . \t ilj in. Italian, Qcnnan, m.l Ki.n-li
Books "i Hours and mm
i linn
\' Catalogues in .> i.. bad . if « nil
I i. .ii .i . i. ....
'II,- Colitetion of Boot* fn Pint Binding* of tht late
ARTHUR HAM, Bsq., and the Library qj tht late J. i:.
l.nr.r.s r, Bsq.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON A BODGE
will -I I I , ly m \ il tbi 'I II . No IS, Well ton
Mi. . i mi 1 1 1. 1. \\ ' o . ..ii EH 1 DAY. Mm as, ut I o'clock pro i~.li. lli«-
< OLLK< I loN ..r ItooKH in KINK UIN1HN03, the Proiwrt) ol the
i.t.- \i;imi R l;\M. Esq ; ■ POKTION 01 the LIBRARY ol ■
v '1:1. I'M \N . ."-I the LIBRARY of J H I ."CENT. Baq , dei
in fine Modern Bindings bj Bedford, Kirien
H be liiiifl two days prior. Catalogues may bo had.
and Illuminated ami other Manuscripts.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON 4 BODGE
\.ill ski. I. bj W i TION. :it ili.ir Douse, No IS, Wellington
Mint Strand. W.C., on 8ATUR DAY, May SB. it i o'clock precisely,
- nd ILLUMINATED and other MANUSCRIPTS
tin.- Royal and Historic Bindings— Kii-i anil Em ly Quarto Editions of
Shakespeare s Plays First Editions of Modern Poets, some Presenta-
tion Copies Documents relating to Louis XVI., Marie Antoinette)
the " Reign of Terror, and Napoleon I - a large and important Series
i- in the Autograph ol and Addressed to Dorothy Jordan, and
a fine copy at Blake i Songs ol Innocence.
riewed two .lays prior. Catalogues may be had.
The Collection 0/ Hook Plata (ex-Libris) of the lute
JULIAS MARSHALL, Esq.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION Lbj order of the Executors), at their
House, No. IS, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C., 00 MONDAY,
M.11 28, and Three Following Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, the well-
known extensive and raluable COLLECTION of BOOK-PLATES
1 -\ Librisl of the late JULIAN MARSHALL, Esq., Behrise Avenue,
N.W.
May be \ iewed two days prior. Catalogues .price 2s. each) may be had.
.1/ ieeetta neons Boot*.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, US, Chancery [sine, Vf.O., on
THURSDAY, May it. and Following Hay. at 1 o'clock, MISCEL-
LANEOUS BOOKS. 1 omprising Le Mnsee Francois, i cols.— Webber's
Views in the South Seas, Coloured Plates— Ormerod's History of
Cheshire, :: vols. [urge Paper, and other Antiquarian Books— Modern
Fine-Art and Illustrated Hooks— a Sit of the Zoological Society's
Pxocet dings, from the 1 ommencement in 1830 tu 1902. ~.'i rols. halt -calf
— Hooks on Sporting— Goldsmith s Retaliation, \1itl1 the half-title,
1774 — Tennyst n's Poems, IKS, and other First Editions of Stevenson,
Pater. Ac— Sets of Scott, liickens, Thackeray, anil other Popular
Author ».
To he riewed ami Catalogues hail.
M
Valuable Miscellaneous Books.
ESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
auction, at their Rooms, 11.-.. Chancery Lane, W.C.. on
THURSDAY, May 24, and Following Day, VALUABLE MISCEL-
LANEOUS BOOKS, comprising the Historical Writings of Motley,
Pi - tt. Freeman, Fr le, Hayward, and others— Standard Works in
General Literature— lime First Editions.
Catalogues on application.
Valuable Law Dunks, including the Library 0/ W. LATHAM,
Esq., K.C., retiring hum Practice.
MESSRS. HODOSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, 11:,. Chancery Lane, W.C., at the
end of MAY. VALUABLE LAW BOOKS, including two Complete
Iteportsto 1903, and a Series from is;.", to 1899— The
English Reports, 17 vols.— Mews « Digest of English Case Law, 16 vols.
— Cnitty's statutes, is rols. — Campbell's Ruling Cases. 26 vols. —
Recent 'r.'.t Books, ftc
Catalogues are preparing.
300 Ounces Old Silver — Camera*— Lathe, .le.
Fill DAY next, Man 18, at half-past 1 .' o'clock.
MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions
from the Executors of a LADY (deceased!, to OFFER for
SALE, THREE HUNDRED OUNCES OLD SILVER, comprising
siher Tea Service, Salvers, Fork-. Siioons, Tankards, &c The Sale
will also Include Watson's Aluminium half plate Anne Camera Cooke
Lenses -Goen .piartei plat.- An-, hut/. Iliii. I Camera— Theodolite, by
Troughton ,v Simms Burreyor's Level Bacteriological Microscope by
Ross and l>i..t..i, slid.-- a back-geared Screw Cutting Lathe, by the
Britannia Co. :i Carpenter's Bench and a large number of Tools fox
Wood and .Metal Working, and .Miscellaneous Property.
On view day prior 2 to ■'. and morning of Sale. Catalogues on applica-
tion to the Auctioneer, ::n. King Street, Oovent Garden, London, w.c.
M
Valuable Natural History and other Books.
WEDNESDA )", May tS, at half-past I .'o'clock.
R. J. C. STEVEN8 will OFFER, at his
-M Rooms, M. King Street, Covent Garden, London. W.C The
ORMTHOLOOICAL LIIIKAKY of the late W. K. HF.I.MW
PIDSLEY. Esq., Including Beehohm'a British Birds Lord Lilford's
Birds ol Northamptonshire -The Transactions of the Devonshire
Association— and many County Natural Histories. 4c, Also from
itber source: Complete Sets oi t Ii.- Entomological Transactions,
1838-1904, 51 vols, half calf— /.unionist, -tn mis. half-. all many valuable
Botanical w.aks Ray Bociety Works-Natural History Pamphlets,
many rars.
On view day prior S to 4 and morning of Sale. Catalogues on
application.
Sales 0/ Miscellaneous Property.
MR. J. C. 8TEVENS begs bo announce that
BALE8ara held BVKBY FRIDAY, at his Rooms, S8 Kim*
Btreet, Covent Garden, London, W.c. for the disposal of MICRO-
SOOPES, si. ikes, and OBJECTIVES - Telescopes-TheodoUtos-
I.nels -Electrical and Scientific Instruments Cameras, Lenses and
all kinds of Photographic Apparatus— Optical Lanterns with Slides
I all Accessories In great variety by Iiest Makers - Household,
sTuralturo Jewellery -and other MisosUaneous Property,
on view Thursday I to ■'• and morning of Sale.
/ • •■■/ »/ it,. Uit THOMAS COLLISnWOOli CHOU \
Bsq., oj St I rary ■■' the late .lush. I'll
/'.1 I , /.-•/ , 'i the Firm a) Day .1 Bon, Lithograpl
and '■'>'■ 1 l'i " fifi /'. ../ . . tics.
r.~ |»| ITICK ■ SIMPSON will M.I.I.
M
I ' I ri(»N ,1 lie II I. .11. W 1
on HON \i\\ Mull and K..II..IMI.- Il
1 ... I., k pi.. 1- h \ M.I MILK II -
Ni.-i.i- 16 lull llwlininl 1 1.
ii.- 2ri vols ltd luir.l w.„ i. ■
1lln-i1.it. d I I Kowlandxm chiefly In fine liiiillin.-.
l.v Riviere and iUehmstori Frobwart'i Chronicles Illuri
I'lntei I. ill. .11. Works -.'7...U \.» Woiidei ul M ol.
Works rel -• t.. \ti.... Temptwt's Ci 1 l^omlon. fine Pis
11 Field 8iN.rU Coloured 11 IrlenUl Field S|urU. I nlnurtil
low ii-l- I . urol
Plates Vanity Fall I rols Goldsmiths Vicar of Wakefield,
Dublin, !:■*, iiui Wai Tracts Paalterium Boatl Brunonls
\ 11 mi lui An hll W orks on
il Hlstor; with t'..l..ui..l PI ; 1 ikswlth Uthographs and
llluinmaied lUustrations Old Tracts and Pamphlets Autograph
Lettei ■ Standard Edition- ..r Moilern Writers on Travel, Blogi
and s. i.i,,. - if Books .ul Pamphlets relating to
8wedenborg, Ac. 1 ml do rues on application.
MESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON .V WOODS
rosppct fully s-ite notice that they will hold the following
s M,i:s hi \ i CTION, ;.t t li. 11 Greet Rooms, King Street, 81 '
Square, the Bales commencing at 1 o'cUm k 1 laely :—
On .MONDAY. May 14, MODERN PICTURES
and l»HAw in<;s, the Property of s GENTLEMAN.
On TUESDAY, May IS, ENGRAVINGS of the
Early En-dish and French Schools.
On TUESDAY, May 15, and WEDNESDAY,
Hay 16. MINIATURES, OBJECTS of ART and \ EUTC, Coins,
sili.i Plato, and old English Porcelain, of the late JULIAN 3ENIOR,
Es.,.
On THURSDAY, May 17, OLD ENGLISH
SILVER PLATE, the Property of a LADY of TITLE, and from
numerous sources.
On FRIDAY, May IS, Fine PORCELAIN,
the Property of Sir CHARLES RUGGE PRICE, Bart. ; alio from the
COLLECTION of the late BARL SYDNEY; and from other private
sources; and oi.n ENGLISH SAT1NWO0D FURNITURE, the
Property of a LADY.
On FRIDAY, May 18, Fine OLD FRENCH
TAPESTRY, the Property of M. LE COMTE HE PREMIO REAL
On SATURDAY, May 19, MODERN PIC-
TURESand DRAWINGS of the late J. L. NEW ALL, Esq., and others.
THE B00K-L0VERS
MAGAZINE.
(BOOKS AND BOOK-PLATES.)
Vol. VI. Part III.
Contents.
SOME MODERN ENGLISH ILLUSTRATORS.
I. Arthur Raokhara, T. Ryam Shaw, Hugh
Thomson, Charles E. Brock, and Henry M.
Brock. By Lewis Melville. With 12 Illus-
trations, of which 1 is in Colours.
EARLY BOOK -ILLUSTRATION AT STRASS-
BURG. By Edward F. Strange. With 7
Facsimiles.
TWO SEVENTEENTH - CENTURY BIO-
GRAPHIES. By Michael Barrington. With
2 Portraits.
KINO CHARLES THE FIRST AS A BOOK-
LOVER. By W. G. Blaikie Murdoch.
SPORTING BOOK-PLATES. By Mrs. F. N.vill
Jackson. .Yith 15 Reproductions of Book-
Plates.
REVIEWS OF SOME RECENT BOOKS:—
W. M. Thackeray : The New Sketch-Book.
Edited by Dr. R. S. Oarnctt.
Chapters on Papermahing. By Clayton
Beadle.
Leather fok I.ii.kakies. By E. Wyndham
Huline, J. Gordon Parker, A. Seymour-
Jones, Cyril Davenport, and F. •'.
Williamson.
Illuminated Manuscripts in Austria.
With :5 Illustrations (1 full page).
Single Numbers, 3a. 9d. post free.
Yearly Subscription, 20a post free.
OTTO SCHULZE & CO.
2(>, South Frederick SI net, Kdinhurgh.
BOUT 2,000 BOOKS WANTED are advertised
_ forweokly in THE PUBLISHERS OTRCULAR AND BOOK
'l.l.r.US' KECORDlestahlished ISS7), which also giraa lasts of tlio
New Books 1'iililislied during the Week, Announcements of New
Books, A. Buliscrihers have the priTilesjs of a Er.-e AdTertisement
tor E0111 Hooks Wanted Weekly. Sent for .V2 weeks, js-.t tl.-e. tor
Hi i;./ Home and lis Foreign DUbscrlption. Prios Three HalfiH-nce
Weekly. -otlice : St. iHinstiuis Boosa, letter Line. London.
A
[Continued on p. 590.1
THE
FINANCIAL
REVIEW OF REVIEWS
Contains in its May issue articles
by Mr. T. P. O'Connor, M.P., on
Mr. Asquith's Budget; by Mr.
Ernest E. Williams, F.S S., in reply
to Mr. Keir Hardie's contribution
to the previous issue ; a com-
parison of the investment risks of
insurance shares by Mr. L. Graeme
Scott ; an article affording many
practical hints to the English
Investor on Foreign Service ; and
a contribution on ' The Commercial
Morality of Japan,' from the pent
of Prof. Henry Dyer. There is
further an exhaustive review of
all the month's topics; a critical
analysis of the latest reports ; a
survey of the month's new issues ;
and a Statistical Record of four-
years' prices, dividends and yields
up to date of 5,000 Stock Exchange
Securities; the total volume for
May numbering over 260 pages,
and constituting a clear, authori-
tative, and reliable publication
which no investor can afford to-
be without.
Price ONE SHILLING net,
From the PUBLISHERS.
_>, WATERLOO PLACE, S.W.
N° 4098, May 12, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
565
MESSRS. CONSTABLE'S LIST.
THIS WEEK'S BOOKS.
THE LIFE OF ALFRED AINGER. By Edith Sichel, Author of • Catherine de'
Medici.' With Photogravure Frontispiece and other Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 12s. Gd. net.
SOME LITERARY ECCENTRICS. By John FyYie, Author of ' Some Women of
Wit and Beauty,' &c. Illustrated. Demy 8vo, 12*. 6<f. net.
Studies of Thomas Amory — Thomas Day— William Beckford— Walter Savage Landor— William Hazlitt— Henry Crabb
Robinson— Charles Babbage— Douglas Jerrold— George Wither— James I.— Sir John Mandeville.
THE POETRY AND PHILOSOPHY OF GEORGE MEREDITH. By G. M.
TREVELYAN. Crown 8vo, 3s. <$d. net.
HISTORICAL GREEK COINS. By G. F. Hill, Author of ' The Coins of Sicily,'
&c. With 13 Plates illustrating 100 Coins. Demy 8vo, 10s. 6rf. net.
TACITUS, AND OTHER ROMAN STUDIES. By Gaston Boissier, Professor of
Latin Eloquence at the College de France. Translated by W. (i. HUTCHINSON. Demy 8vo, 6s. net.
THE FLORENTINE HISTORY. Written by Niccolo Machiavelli. Translated
from the Italian by NINIAN HILL THOMSON, M.A. In 2 vols, extra crown 8vo, 12*. 6<7. net.
LINCOLN, MASTER OF MEN. By Alonzo Rothschild. With Portraits. Demy
8vo, 12*. 6d
THE LOG OF A SEA ANGLER. By Charles Frederick Holder. Crown 8yo, 6s net.
RECENT
PORTRAITS. By
PUBLICATIONS.
Paul Yan Dyke,
D.D. Illustrated with
RENASCENCE
Portraits in Photogravure. Demy Svo, 10s. 6<7. net.
Studies of Pietro Aretino, Thomas Cromwell, and Maximilian.
The DA IL 1" TELEGHA P/l says : — " The work will be found as useful to the student as it will be found attractive by
the reader with a liking for historical biography."
ALEXANDER HAMILTON. By F. S. Oliver. Illustrated with Portraits.
Demy Svo. 12*. 6<f. net.
Mr. FREDERIC Harrison, writing in the TRIBUXF, says : — "Adequately supplies a real want in political history. . . .
Mr. Oliver has set Alexander Hamilton in his true place: the intellectual creator of the great commonwealth of which
George Washington was the typical father and the moral hero."
A SHORT HISTORY OF ITALY (476 1900). By Henry Dwight Sedgwick. With
Map. Demy 8vo, 8s. M. net.
The MA SCHESTEll QUA RDIAX says :— " It is exactly the kind of history that an intelligent traveller requires as
a guide. We have no doubt that it will be widely appreciated."
ENGLAND AND HOLLAND OF THE PILGRIMS. By the late Henry Martyn
DEXTER, D.D. LL.D., and his Son, MORTON DEXTER. Illustrated. Demy Svo, 15*. net.
THE RELIGION OF ALL GOOD MEN, and other Studies in Christian Ethics.
By H. W. GARROD, Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. Extra crown Svo, 5s. net.
MAN AND CHRISTIAN CIVILIZATION. By W. Y. Craig. Crown 8yo, 5s. net.
MODERN BOOKBINDINGS. Their Design and Decoration. By S. Prideaux. With
40 Plates illustrating the finest English and French Bindings. Demy Svo, 10». (Ul. net.
PORCELAIN OF ALL COUNTRIES. A Book of Handy Reference for Collectors.
By R L HOBSON, B.A., Assistant in the British Museum. Illustrated with 50 Plates. Demy Svo, 12*. <J<I. net.
THE SEVEN FOLLIES OF SCIENCE. A Popular Account of the most famous
Scientific Impossibilities, and the Attempts which have been made to Solve them. To which is added a small
Budgi t of interesting Parodoxes, Illusions, and Marvels. By JOHN PHIN. With numerous Illustrations.
Demy Svo, 5s. net.
SCARABS : an Introduction to the Study of Egyptian Seals and Signet Rings.
By PERCY E. N KWBKRRY, Author of ' The Life of Rekhmara,' ' A Short History of Ancient Egypt,' &c. With •»
Plates and numerous Illustrations in the Text. Royal Svo, 18*. net.
LEPROSY AND FISH EATING. By Jonathan Hutchinson, F.R.S. LLD.Camb.,
Edin., and Glasgow, F.H.C.S., late President of the Royal College of Surgeons. Demy Svo, 12s. 6('. net.
LECTURES ON TROPICAL DISEASES. The Lane Lectures for 1905. By Sir
PATRICK MANSON, K.C.M.G. M.D., Lecturer London School of Tropical Medicine, &c. With many Illustra-
tions. Demy Bto, 7*. M. net.
RELIGIONS: ANCIENT AND MODERN.
" Huh volume enumerates and explains the tenets and teaching of the religion it is dealing with, and records the
influence that religion has exerted not only on its immediate adherents and the nations that have adopted it, but also
upon the sister religions, and upon the world at large." — Academy.
Fcap. 8vo, 1*. net each.
ANIMISM. By Edward Clodd, Author of THE RELIGION OF BABYLONIA AND
'The Story of Creation.
PANTHEISM. By J A. Picton, Author of
'The Religions of the Universe.'
THE RELIGIONS OF ANCIENT CHINA.
By Prof. GILES, LI.. P., Professor of Chinese in the
[Jnivei sit \ of Cambridge.
THE RELIGION OF ANCIENT GREECE.
ByJANl n IRRI80N. Lecturer at Newnham College,
Cambridge, Author of ' Prolegomena to Study of Greek
Religion.'
ASSYRIA. By THEOPHILCS G.
the British Museum.
'IN- CHEs, late "f
HINDUISM. By Dr. L. D. Barnett, of the
Department of Oriental Printed Hooks and MSS.,
British .Museum.
CELTIC RELIGION. By Prof. Anwyl,
Professor of Welsh ai University College, Aberystwyth.
2. Caesar and
CONSTABLE'S
SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
READY TO-DAY.
ANTHONY BRITTEN
By HERBERT MACILWAINE,
Author of ' Diukinbar,' ' Fate the Fiddler,' &c.
THE WORKS OF GEORGE BERNARD SHA W.
THREE PLAYS FOR PURITANS. Crown Svo, 6s. 1. The Devil's Disciple.
CLEOPATRA. S. CAPTAIN BRASSBOUND'S CONVERSION.
THE IRRATIONAL KNOT : a Novel. Crown 8vo. 6s.
CASHEL BYRON'S PROFESSION : a Novel. Crown Svo, 6s.
PLAYS PLEASANT. Crown 8vo, 6s. 1. Arms and the Man. 2. Candida. 3. Tho Man of Destiny.
4. you NEVER CAN TELL.
PLAYS UNPLEASANT Crown Svo, 6s.
I. WIDOWERS' HOUSES. 2. nil. PHILANDERER. 3. MBS. WARREN'S PROFESSION.
MAN AND SUPERMAN : a Comedy and Philosophy. Crown Svo, 6s.
Mr. BERN \i:i> -ii IW'H Plays are also published separately at l». 6rf.net in paper, and in cloth at 2*. net per volume,
ami iii> fade i \ri \i\ BRASHBOUND'S CONVERSION,' now being played at the Conrl Theatre.
NEW LIST OF B00K8 AND PROSPECTUSES SENT POST FREE
ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & CO., Ltd., 16, Janus
THE HOUSE OF
COBWEBS,
And other Stories.
By GEDRGE GISSING,
Author of ' The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft,
' Veranilda,' &c.
With an Introduction
hy THOMAS E. SECCOMBE.
THE ARENA.
By HAROLD SPENDER.
The SCOTS MAX says: — "It is a clever,
spirited, and thoughtful story, which should readily
interest every one who takes it up."
The DAILY CHRONICLE says:— "It is in
every respect a good hook, and a book written
from the heart."
HENRY N0RTHC0TE
By J. C. SNAITH,
Author of ' Broke of Covenden,' ' Miss Dorothy
Marvin,' &c.
[Second Imprv*xlon.
The MORNING LEADER says : — " One
cannot choose but read. The matter is startling.
' Henry Northcote' is a work that defies criticism.
It may be a masterpiece of genius. But when one
is reading it it is overpowering. It is the most
powerful book published this year."
The SCOTSMAN says :—" This brilliant and
fascinating novel."
MR. JOHN STR00D.
By PERCY WHITE,
Author of ' Park Lane,' ' The West End,' &c.
[Second Impreseio >i.
The DAILY MAIL says :— " Tho best novel
of the year."
The TRIBUNE says : — " It is an uncommonly
clever book — one of the best that has been offered
for some time past."
NEXT WEEK.
FACE TO FACE.
By FRANCISCO ACEBAL.
Presented in English by MARTIN HUME.
SET IN AUTHORITY.
By S A R A J E A X E T T E DUNCAN,
Author of ' Those Delightful Americans,' &e.
CATTLE BRANDS,
By ANDY ADAMS,
Author of ' The Dog of a Cowboy,' &0.
THE EVASION.
By E. B V ROTHINOHAM,
Author ot ■ Tiir Turn of the Road.1
ON APPLICATION.
Street, Hayinarkrt.
566 Til E ATI! KNjEUM NM098, May 12, 1906
CASSELL & COMPANY'S ANNOUNCEMENTS.
MR. FOSTER FRASER'8 NEW TRAVEL BOOK.
NOW READY, prioe ««.
PICTURES FROM THE BALKANS.
By John Foster Fraser.
With Coloured Frontispiece, Map, and 40 Full-Page Plates from Photographs by the Author.
To acquaint himself with the causes of the reoent outbreaks, as well as to study the life and habits of the people of s remarkable country, Mr. Fo
Praser last autumn nuwle an extensive journey in the Balkans. In the present volume he reoounts liis experiences with that putaresque individnalitj
writing whioh is the Striking feature 01 his previous successful vol nines, ' The Real Siberia,1 ' America at Work,' and ' Canada as It Is.'
Full uf romance, adventure, and political interest as the Balkans are, Mr. Fraser presents a number of striking and graphic pictures, and hrings a keen
insight into the causes of th-' insurrections. The author in his journey visited Servia and Bulgaria, crossed the Balkan Mountains into Turkey, and toured
the vilayet of Adriauoplc, where there was much fighting between the Turks and Bulgarians. He then pursued his way through Macedonia into the dis-
turbed regions, and pushed into the fastnesses of Albania. Throughout the whole period of his journey Mr. Fraser was busy ooueotmg notes, and as a result
of his labours has produced a lxxjk full of delightful pen pictures.
JUST PUBLISHFI), price 6a.
A TRAMP CAMP. By Bart Kennedy.
With 8 Illustrations.
" There has always been a certain amount of fascination about the life of a tramp, but it is doubtful whether anybody has brought out the secrete i
the vagal>ond with a surer touch than Mr. Kenned}' in this new work of his Mr. Bart Kennedy, too, like all clever Irishmen, has got the knack i
compelling our emotions, and as he exhibits above all else the best qualities of a man, one cannot help feeling grateful to him for turning his old memorie
into so frank and interesting a book." — Standard.
JUST PUBLISHED, price 2s. Sd,
THE HON. F. S. JACKSON. By Percy Cross Standing.
With Introduction by PllllCe Ranjitsillhji, and containing 16 Illustrations.
This is the only intimate and authorized account of the oareer of the world's most famous cricketer. The illustrations are a strong feature of the book,
and include photographs of Mr. Jackson at the wicket shaping for his best-known batting strokes.
"Mr. Standing tells the details of Mr. Jackson's sparkling career with enthusiasm, enjoyment, and discrimination The attractive, sportsmanlike
picture is enriched with anecdotes." — Daily Graphic.
JUST PUBLISHED, price 5s. net.
STANHOPE A. FORBES, A.R.A., AND
ELIZABETH STANHOPE FORBES, A.R.W.S.
By Mrs. Lionel Birch.
With 8 Reproductions in Colour and 32 Illustrations.
In this book the story of the "discovery" of Newlyn as a painting ground is related authoritatively. It details Mr. Forbes's own experiences in the
painting of his Newdyn pictures, and gives the story, for the most part autobiograpliically, of the training of Mrs. Forbes and her subsequent successes.
READY MAY 25, price 12s.
PICTORIAL LONDON.
With upwards of 400 Full-Page Plates.
This is a magnificent album of photographic scenes of the metropolis and its neighbourhood. It presents in an unrivalled series of views the greatest
city in the world — from Windsor to (Jravesend and from Watford to Epsom— and forms a unique record of London in the reign of His Majesty King
Edward VII. The pictures in ' Pictorial London '• have been reproduced from photographs taken expressly for tile work. Eaoh picture thus obtained has
passed through the hands of an artist to prepare in such a manner as to render it perfectly suited for reproduction in the best form. A combination of
artistic and photographic excellence has thus been secured. The illustrations are printed upon a specia 11}- prepared art paper, which gives the very best
results from the carefully prepared blocks.
READY MAY 25, price 6a.
THE THAMES AND ITS STORY.
FROM THE C0TSW0LDS TO THE NORE.
With Rembrandt Frontispiece, IMS Full-Page Illustrations, and many Sectional Maps.
In this volume the traditional, historical, literary, and romantic associations of the river, the glories of its landscapes, and its features of interest are
recorded and described. The growth and development of the bead-like string of towns which it threads together on its course are traced down to the present
year, and the changes that have been effeoted along the river itself have all been noted. The volume is therefore essentially up to date, and will doubtless
take its place as the authoritative one on its subject. It contains,! Rembrandt Photogravure of the celebrated painting of ' Wargrave,' by Yi at Cole. R.A.
CASSELL & COMPANY, Limited, London, Paris, New York, and Melbourne.
N°4098, May 12, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
567
MR. EDWARD ARNOLDS EDUCATIONAL LIST.
JUST PUBLISHED.
SIR JOSHUA FITCH: AN ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE AND WORK.
By A. L. LILLE Y, M.A. With Portrait. Large crown 8vo, 7a Gd. net.
ENGLISH.
EPOCHS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. By
J. C. Stoiurt, M.A., Assistant Master at Merchant
Taylors' School ; formerly Scholar of Trinity College,
Cambridge. 8 vols. Is. Gd. each.
L THE AGE OF CHAUCER, 1215-1500.
II. THE RENASCENCE.
III. THE ELIZABETHAN AGE. [Others in the press.
ARNOLD'S SCHOOL SHAKESPEARE.
General Editor— J. CHURTON COLLINS, M.A.
Is. 3d.
AS YOU LIKE IT.
MACBETH.
TWELFTH NIGHT.
JULIUS C.^SAR.
MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S
DREAM.
THE MERCHANT OF
VENICE.
THE TEMPEST.
1.9. 6d.
KING LEAR.
RICHARD II.
HENRY V.
RICHARD III.
KING JOHN.
CORIOLANUS.
HAMLET.
ARNOLD'S
BRITISH CLASSICS FOR SCHOOLS.
General Editor— J. CHURTON COLLINS, M.A.
PARADISE LOST. Books I. MARMION. Is. Gd.'
and II. is. 3d. THE LADY OF THE LAKE.
PARADISE LOST. Is. 6d.
Books III. and IV. Is. 3d. CHILDE HAROLD. 2s.
THE LAY OF THE LAST , MACAULAY'S LAYS OF
MINSTREL. Is. 3d. I ANCIENT ROME. Is. 6d.
ARNOLD'S ENGLISH TEXTS. Paper covers, 6d.;
cloth, 8d. I. MACBETH. II. HENRY V. III. THE
TEMPEST.
SELECTIONS FROM MATTHEW ARNOLD'S
POEMS. Edited with Introduction and Notes by R.
Wilson, B.A. Cloth, Is. Gd.
SELECTIONS FROM THE POEMS OF
TENNYSON. Edited by the Rev. E. C. Everard
Owes, M.A., Assistant Master at Harrow School.
Cloth, Is. 6d.
LINGUA MATERNA. By Richard Wilson, B.A.
S& 6d.
A FIB ST COURSE IN ENGLISH ANALYSIS
AND GRAMMAR. By Richard Wilson, B.A. Is.
A FIRST COURSE IN ENGLISH LITERA-
TURE. By Richard Wilson, B.A. 144 pp. Is.
LAUREATA. Selections from the Best Poets. Is. 6d.
POETS' CORNER. Poems which have not hitherto
appeared in a similar volume. Is.
Literary Reading Boohs.
Illustrated witli Beproductions of Famous Paintings.
THE GREENWOOD TREE. A Book of Nature
Myths and Verses. 224 pp. Is. 3d.
IN GOLDEN REALMS. An English Reading Book
for Junior Forms. 224 pp. Is. .'id.
IN THE WORLD OF BOOKS. An English Reading
Book for Middle Forms. Is. 6d.
TELLERS OF TALES. Biographies of English
Novelists, with Extracts. Is. cd.
HISTORY.
Prof. Oman's Works.
A HISTORY OF ENGLAND. By C. W. Oman,
M.A., Chiehele Professor of Modern History at Oxford.
5s.
SPECIAL EDITIONS.
Tn Two Put-. 8ft each : Part I., from the Earliest Times
to 1603 ; Part II., from 1608 to 1902.
In Three Divisions : Div. T., to 1307, 2s. ; Div. II., 1307 to
1688, 2*. ; Div. III., 1688 to 1902, 2ft (id.
ENGLAND IN THE NINETEENTH
CENTURY. By C. W. Oman, M.A. 3s. cd.
A JUNIOR HISTORY OF ENGLAND. By C. W.
Oman, ma., and Mary Oman. 2*.
QUESTIONS ON OMAN'S HISTORY OF ENG-
LAND. By B. II. BOOKBT, M.A. 1*.
THE STUDENT'S SYNOPSIS OF ENGLISH
HISTORY. 2ft
ENGLISH HISTORY FOR POYS AND GIRLS.
3. Svmks. Illustrated 2*. cd.
ENGITSn POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY. P.v
Prof. W. QRAH \M. in.. (;./. net.
A SHORT HISTORY OF BRITISH COM-
MERCE AND INDUSTRY. By L. Price, M.A.
SHORT LIVES OF GREAT MEN. By w. i\
Bl'RNSIDE and A. S. OWEN, Assistant Masters at
Cheltenham College. Illustrated, cloth, 8c iui.
LESSONS IN OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY.
B] the Ven. \ > Aouui. 160 pp. 4». 6d.
OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. By Hev. T. C In v.
Bead Master of Beikhamstcd School. 2s. Gd.
FRENCH:
Arnold's French Texts.
General Editor, M. A. GEROTHWOHL, B.Litt., Honours
Lecturer in French, Trinity College, Dublin ; Examiner
to the Central Welsh Board.
With Notes and Vocabulary, 6d. net.
LE FORCAT; ou, a tout Peche Misericorde.
Proverb in Two Acts. By Madame DE Segur.
AVENTURES DE TOM POUCE. By P. J. Stahl.
HISTOIRE DE LA MERE MICHEL ET DE
SON CHAT. By Comte E. de la Bedoi.lieke.
GRIBOUILLE. By Georges Sand.
LAURETTE; ou, Le Cachet Rouge. By Alfred
DE VlGNV.
LA SOURIS BLANCHE ET LES PETITS SOU-
LIERS- By Hegesippe Moreau.
LA VIE DE POLICHINELLE ET SES NOM-
BREUSES AVENTURES. By Octave Feuil-
LET.
LE BON PERE. Comedy in One Act. By Florian.
CRISPIN RIVAL DE SON MAITRE, Comedy in
One Act. By Le Sage.
MONSIEUR TRINGLE. By Champfleury.
AVENTURES DU CHEVALIER DE GRAM-
MONT. By Chevalier d'Hamilton.
HISTOIRE D'UN POINTER ECOSSAIS. By
Alexandre Dumas pere.
DEUX HEROINES DE LA REVOLUTION:
Madame Roland and Charlotte Corday. By Jules
Michelf.t.
TRAFALGAR. By Joseph Merv.
MARIE ANTOINETTE. By Edmond and Jules
DE GONCOURT.
MERCADET.
Balzac
Comedy in Three Acts. By H. DE
Simple French Stories.
With Notes and Vocabulary, 9d. each.
UNE DRAME DANS LES AIRS. By Jules Verne.
PIF-PAF. By Edouard Laboulave.
LA PETITE SOURIS GRISE and HISTOIRE
DE ROSETTE. By Madame df. Segur.
MONSIEUR LE VENT ET MADAME LA
PLUIE. By Paul de Musset.
UN ANNIVEBSAIRE A LONDRES, and Two
other Stories. By P. J. Stahl.
LA FEE GRIGNOTTE and LA CUISINE AU
SALON. From ' Le Theatre de Jeunesse.'
POUCINET, and Two other Tales. By Edouard
Laboulaye.
GIL BLAS IN THE DEN OF THIEVES. Ar-
ranged from Le Sage.
Miss Jetta Wolff's French Boohs.
LES FRANCAIS EN MENAGE. Is. 6d.
LES FRANCAIS EN VOYAGE. Is. Cd.
FRANCAIS POUR LES TOUTS PETITS. lft 3d.
LES FRANCAIS D' AUTREFOIS. Stories and
Sketches from the History of France. Is. 3d.
LES FRANCAIS DU DIX-HUITIEME SIECLE.
U. 3d.
ARNOLD'S MODERN FRENCH BOOK I.
Edited by H. L. HfTTON, M.A., Senior Modern Lan-
guages Master at Merchant Taylors' School. Crown
8vo, cloth, lft 6d.
This book is writ ten on reformed methods, and contains
a series of graduated Reading Lessons, followed by a care-
fully arranged questionnaire with Exercises for retrams-
lation.
GRAMMAIRE FRANCAISE. A I'Usage des
Anglais. Par E. Renault, Ancien Etudiant a la
Sorbonne, Assistant Lecturer at the University of
Liverpool. 353 pp. 4s. cd.
GRADUATED FRENCH UNSEENS. Edited by
Prof. Victor Oqbk, Bedford College for Women,
London. In Four Parts. Limp cloth, 8d. each,
LE FRANCAIS CHEZ LUI. By W. EL HODGES,
M.A., and P. Powell, m.a. u. M.
FRENCH "WITHOUT TEARS. Bv Laky I'.i i.t..
Book L, 'V. ; Book II., Is. ; Hook III., Is. 3d.
ELEMENTS OF FRENCH COMPOSITION.
By J. Bome Cameron, m.a. 2s. m.
MORCEAUX CHOTSIS. Edited bv H. L A. Du
PONTET, M.A. I*. Cd.
New Reading Boohs.
L'APPRENTI. P.v BMILE BOUTSSTRX. Is.
RICHARD WHITTINGTON. P.vM idame EUGENIE
l"<>\. And UN CONTE DE L'ABBE DE
SAINT PIERRE. By RMILE SOUTESTRE, U.
MEMOIRES D'UN ANE. P.v M LDAMI DB SBG1 R. Is.
GERMAN.
DER BACKFTSCHKASTEN. By Fedor von
Zobeltitz. Edited, with Notes and Vocabulary, by
Gustav Hein, German Master at the High School for
Girls, Aberdeen. Authorized Edition. Crown 8vo,
cloth, 2s.
Easy German Texts.
The following volumes are ready, Is. 3d. each : —
DER TOPFER VON KANDERN. By Hermine
VlLLINGER.
DIE FLUT DES LEBE ' S. By Adolf Stern.
ANDERSEN'S BILDERBUCH OHNE BILDER
(What the Moon Saw).
PRINZESSIN ILSE. By Marie Petersen.
A FIRST GERMAN READER. With Questions
for Conversation, Grammatical Exercises, Vocabulary,
&c. Edited by D. L. Savory, B.A. , Lecturer in the
University of London, Goldsmith's College. Crown
8ao, cloth, Is. 6d.
GERMAN "WITHOUT TEARS. By Lady Bell,
Part I., 9d. ; Part II., Is. ; Part III., Is. 3d.
LESSONS IN GERMAN. By L. I. Lumsden. 3s.
EXERCISES IN GERMAN COMPOSITION.
By R. Kaiser. Is. 6d.
LAT I N
Arnold's Latin Texts.
General Editor -A. EVAN BERNAYS, M.A.
64 pages, cloth limp, ad. each.
HORACE.-Odes. Book I.
OVID.— Selections.
OVID IN EXILE— Selections from the ' Tristia.
CORNELIUS NEPOS.- Select Lives.
VERGIL.— Select Eclogues.
VERGIL.— Selections from the Georgies.
PH^DRUS.— Select Fables.
TIBULLUS.-Selections.
CAESAR IN BRITAIN.
CICER<\— In Catilinam, I. and II.
CICERO.— Pro Archia.
LIVY.— Selections.
DIES ROMANI. A New Latin Reading Book. Edited
by W. F. Witton, M. A., Classical Master at St. Olave's
Grammar School. Cloth, la 6d,
EASY LATIN PROSE. By W. H. Spragge, M.A.,
Assistant Master at the Citv of London School. Cloth,
Is. 6d.
THE FABLES OF ORBILIUS. By A. D. Godley,
M.A. Book L, 9d ; Book II., Is.
By G. B. GARDINER, M.A. D.Sc.and A. GARDINER.M. A.
A FIRST LATIN COURSE. 227 pp., 2s.
A SECOND LATIN READER, 184 pp., Is. 6d.
A LATIN TRANSLATION PRIMEB. Is.
A LATIN ANTHOLOGY FOR BEGINNERS.
213pp., 2s.
VIRGIL.-AENEID. Books I., II., and III. Edited
bv M. T. Tatham, M.A. Is. Cd. each.
CAESAR'S GALLIC "WAR. Books I. and II.
Edited by T. W. Haddon, M.A., and G. C. Harrison,
M.A. Is. 06.
Books III.-V. Bv M. T. Tatham, M.A., Is. Gd.
Books VI. and VII. Bv M. T. Tatham, M.A. Is. 6d.
LIVY. Book XXVI. By R. M. Henry, M.A. 2s. Gd.
MATHEMATICS
AN ARITHMETIC FOR SCHOOLS. By J. P.
KlRKMAN, M.A., and A. E. Field, M.A. 3s. Cd.
EXERCISES IN ARITHMETIC (Oral and Written),
Parts I., II., and III. By C. M. Taylor, l.v. Cd. each,
with or without Answers.
THE ELEMENTS OF ALGEBRA. By R. Lachlan.
Sc. D. With or without Answers, 2s. Cd.
THE ELEMENTS OF GEOMETRY. Bv R.
Lachlan, ScD., and W. C. Fletcher, M.A. 20s pp.,
with Answers. 2s. Cd.
THE ELEMENTS OF TRIGONOMETRY. By
R. Lachlan, ScD., and W. C. FLETCHER, M.A. 2s.
VECTORS AND ROTORS. Bv Prof. (). HENRICI.
Edited bv (i. ( '. TURNER, B.Sc. Is. 6d.
PRACTICAL MATHEMATICS. By JOHN GRAHAM,
B.A. B.E. 3s. Cd.
A NOTEBOOK OF EXPERIMENTAL MATHE-
MATICS. Bv ('. GODFREY, M.A. .111,1 (I. M. Bell.
B.A. 2s.
TEST PAPERS IN ELEMENTARY MATHE-
MATICS. P.\ A. Clement Jones, M.A. Ph.D., and
<•. H. Blomfield, m.a. D sc, Mathematical Masters
at Bradford Grammar School. 260 pp. With Answers,
8ft; without Answers, 2a <«'.; Answers alone, u.
SCIENCE.
MECHANICS. Bv W. p. K<;c,ar. St. Cd.
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM. By C E.
Asiiuord, M.A. 8ft Cd.
THE ELEMENTS OF INORoANIC CnE-
MISTKY. By W. A. SHENSTONE, 564 pp is Cd
A COURSE OF PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY
P.v W. t. SHENSTONE, M I pp. Is. Cd.
London: EDWARD ARNOLD, II and 4.'>, Maddox Street, Bend Street, W.
568
THE ATIIENJEUM
N°4098, May 12, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NEW HOOKS.
— ♦ —
SH OND I 1 ' 1 1 1 « » .N .
MEMORIALS OF
EDWARD BURNE-JONES.
B 0. h.-.i. With 41 Photogravures and other Dluatratiotu.
1 Kdition. t vols. B»o, gilt l"l'. :i""- "rl-
LORD CURZON IN INDIA.
Being a s.li'.tioii fniiii hisRpeecheaai Viceroy and fiovernor-
General of India, 1$M- 1006, With a Portrait, Explanatory
Notes, and an Index, and with an Introduction by sir
THOMAS RALEIGH, K.C.s.l. 8vo, Ur. net
LIFE & EXPERIENCES OF
SIR HENRY ENFIELD
R0SC0E, D.C.L. LL.D. F.R.S.
Written by Himself. With Photogravure Portraits and
other Illustrations, Bvo, 12a net.
EXGLISI1 MEN OF LETTERS.— New Vol.
WALTER PATER.
By A. C. BENSON. Crown 8vo, 2s. net.
HENRY SIDGWICK: a Memoir.
By A. EL and E. M. S. With Portraits. 8vo, 12s. M. net.
A HISTORY OF
ENGLISH PROSODY
From the Twelfth Century to the Present Day.
By GEORGE SAINTSKCRV, M.A. Hon.LL.I)., Professor
of Rhetoric and English Literature in the University of
Edinburgh. :\ vols. 8vo. Vol. I. FROM THE ORIGINS
TO SPENSER, 10*. net.
A HANDBOOK OF
BRITISH INLAND BIRDS.
By ANTHONY COLLETT. With Coloured and Outline
Plates of Eggs by ERIC PARKER. Crown 8vo, 6s.
WITH COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS.
ELIZABETH AND HER
GERMAN GARDEN.
With Coloured Illustrations by S. HARMON VEDDER.
Extra crown Svo, 7*. Bd. net. [Tuesday.
POCKET TENNYSON.
TENNYSON'S
COMPLETE WORKS.
In 5 vols. Fcap. 8vo, limp cloth, 2s. net ; limp leather,
3*. net each.
Vol. I. JUVENILIA AND ENGLISH IDYLS. Vol. II.
IN MEMORIAM, MAUD, and other Poems. [Tuesday.
VOLUME VII. NOW READY.
A HISTORY OF THE
ENGLISH CHURCH.
Vol. VII. From the Accession of George I. to
theEnd of the Eighteenth Century (1 714-1800).
By the late Rev. Canon JOHN H. OVERTON, D.D., and
the Rev. FREDERIC R ELTON, K.C. 7s. (id.
•#" Previously published, Vols. I.-VL, 7s. 6d. each.
THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT
OF THE MORAL IDEAS.
By EDWARD WESTERMARK, Author of 'The History
of Human Marriage.' In S vols. Vol. L, Svo, 14s. net.
Prof. W. R. Soiu.kv in the BOOKMAN.— " A standard
work on a subject of flrst-rate Importance. It is distinguished
alike by breadth of view and mastery of detail, by skilful
marshalling of evidence and by sound judgment."
NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE VIRGINIAN.'
LADY BALTIMORE.
By OWEN WISTER. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, 6*.
Messrs. HURST & BLACKBTT
announce that Mr. JOHN
RANDAL'S New Novel will be
READY ON MONDAY
NEXT, MA Y 14, in 1 vol. Gs.
THE SWEETEST SOLACE.
)w .ini ix RANDAL,
Author of ' Paoiftoo,1 ' Aunt Betiua'i Button,' Ac.
THE LATEST FICTION.
EACH AT SIX SHILLINGS.
A YOUNG MAN FROM THE
COUNTRY.
By MADAM?: ALBANESI.
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd., London.
THE PREY
OF THE STRONGEST.
By MORLEY ROBERTS,
Author of ' Rachel Marr,' &c.
"There are man y shrewd and outspoken critics
who would place Mr. Morley Roberts among the
first half-dozen of living English novelists.
" This story is a faithful, unflinching, intimate
picture of a strange cosmopolitan crowd in a new
wild and semi-civilized country. It is in its par-
ticular school absolutely unrivalled." — Standard.
"Mr. JUSTIN HUNTLY McCARTHY has
chosen for the latest manifestation of his high
talent and his fine taste a theme which befits
them well.
THE FLOWER OF FRANCE.
(1 vol. 6s.)
tells a noble tale right nobly ; it is that of Joan
' the Maid,' a story of the might of faith and
patriotism, the sublime devotion of a woman and
the shame of two great States.
" The author has utilized every record of authen-
tic history, and enriched them by his wit, his
glowing imagination, and that poetic dignity of
language, never over ornate, but always harmonious
with its topic, which has distinguished his writings
from the first."
Extract from a Review in the WORLD.
THE BLACK CUIRASSIER.
By PHILIP STEVENSON,
Author of ' A Gendarme of the King.'
" A novel far above the average of its kind.
The characters are human beings, and not mere lay
figures." — Daily Express.
" Mr. Stevenson has conveyed with admirable
skill a sense of the shifting and tumultuous camps,
and has given a fine study of the German}' of the
Thirty Years' War." — Tribune.
JIMMY QUIXOTE.
By TOM GALLON.
4 ' Told with great delicacy and thoughtf ulness.
All the characters are drawn with sympathy and
with insight." — Standard.
" Its author has given us nothing better since
4 Tatterly.'"— Daily Telegraph.
THE TRIUMPHS OF EUGENE
VALMONT.
By ROBERT BARR.
44 Valmont is a detective, he meets with thrilling
adventures." — St. James's Gazette.
" Told with infectious skill and brightness."
Standard.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
DENTS NEW BOOKS
Meun. ./. M. DEBT 4 CO. have just
published th* following b-jolcs : —
ENGLISH MEM OF SCIENCE. -Hew v,,i.
JOSEPH PRIESTLEY.
B Dr. THORPE PLB.F.B
doth, •>. <>'. i
The Second Volume of the " KnclUh Mi
Series. The First Volume was on HERB ER1 SPEN<
"an interesting itndy of great value. Daily '/• i.^raplu
PEACE AND WAR.
ByCH. RICHET. la. net.
A small bonk in ;iid of tin- peace mon
shows the utter u- . I war.
The author
RECOLLECTIONS OF A
BISON & TIGER HUNTER.
3*. 6*i. net.
Interesting notes gathered during twenty-six years of
hunting in India.
MOROCCO OF TO-DAY.
By EUGENE at MIX.
A Translation from the French of a Hook crowned last
year by the l-'reiu h Academy.
6*. net, with 1 .Maps.
"There can be no two opinions as to its completeness, its
absorbing interest, and its immense instructive value."
■ Id.
PRIME MINISTERS OF ENGLAND.
TWO FUBTHEB VOLUMES.
GLADSTONE and ABERDEEN
Cloth, 2«. 6d. net per vol.
Other Volume* in this Series are — Beaconsfield (by
Fkoi/de, Ninth Kdition), Melbourne, Peel, Russell,
Palmerston, Derby, Salisbury, Rosebery.
Please write for Prospectus.
ROMAXCES OF DUMAS.
NEW VOLUMES.
COMPANIONS OF JEHU. (vToTs°)
THE WHITES& THE BLUES.
(Two vols.)
Cloth, 2*. 6d. net per vol.
Four more volumes of the Reissue, in 4s vols., of Dent's
famous 00-vorome Edition of the BOM LNCESof lH'MAS,
complete and unabridged. Pimntl write for Prospectus.
TEMPLE CLASSICS.— New Vols.
BURKE'S SPEECHES ON AMERICA.
BROWNING'S DRAMATIS PERSONS.
PALGRAVE'S GOLDEN TREASURY.
Cloth, 1*. Cxi. net ; leather, 2a Cxi. net
Please write fur List o/tMit Striate/ >mex.
" Really gems of the first water."— H M ' GmMtt*.
TEMPLE GREEK AXD LATIN CLASSICS.
Translation and Original Text facing, page for page.
NEW VOLUMES.
PLATO'S EUTHYPHRO, CRITO,
AND THE APOLOGY OF SOCRATES.
EURIPIDES' MEDEA AND
HIPPOLYTUS.
Newly translated and edited, with Notes.
Cloth, la (mI. net per vol.
Please irrite fur PntfWCtMj,
LES CLASSIQUES FHAXCAIS.
IN THE ORIGINAL FRENCH.
Cloth, Is. Oct. net ; leather, It, 6rf. net.
NEW VOLUME,
DUMAS' LA TULIPE NOIRE.
"Produced in the neatly tasteful and scholarly manner
so long associated with Ahiine House."— Ohserrer.
J. M. DENT & CO. 29, Bedford Street, W.C.
N° 4098, May 12, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
569
SAT UE DAY, MAY 12, 1906.
CONTENTS.
The Philosophy of Religion
The Highlands and Islands of Scotland ..
A Study of the Scholiasts
The Records of Norwich
Two Notaiile Novels
Books for Students :—
English
Russian and Japanese . . . .
African . . . . . . . .
Educational Literature
School-Books
OUR LIBRARY TABLE (Glasgow Men and Women;
Things Indian ; School and Sport ; Studies in
Roman History ; The Story and Song of Black
Roderick ; Malay Beliefs ; Sesame and Lilies
Robertson's Sermons) 576
List of New Books
Conference of Library and Educational
Authorities at Birmingham ; Arthurian
Notes; Dublin Degrees for Women .. 578
Literary Gossip
Science— Guppy's Observations of a Naturalist;
Guide to the Zoological Gardens; Experi-
mental Psychology; Fossil Plants of the
Glossopteris Flora ; Anthropological Notes ;
Societies ; Meetings Next Week ; Gossip 581-
Fine Arts— The Royal Academy ; The Rokeisy
Velazquez ; The Mappin and other Sales ;
Gossip 584-
Music— Tristan und Isolde; First Ring Cycle;
Herr Safonokf as Conductor; Gossip; Per-
formances Next Week 5S6-
Drama — Shakspeake Memorial Performances
at Stratford ; Gossip 587-
Index to Advertisers ..
page
569
570
570
571
572
573
574
574
575
575
—577
577
-579
580
-583
•585
-,-s7
-588
588
LITERATURE
The Philosophy of Religion. By Dr.
Harald Hoffding. Translated by B. E.
Meyer. (Maemillan & Co.)
Almost simultaneously with his ' Problems
of Philosophy ' (see The Athenceum for
April 14th, p. 441) appeared in an English
garb Prof. Hoffding's more famous and
almost classical work ' The Philosophy
of Religion.' The recent literature of
this country teems with references to its
central thesis, namely, that the essence
of religion consists in a belief in the " con-
servation of value." So long, however,
as Danish, or even German, enshrouded
the thought at the back of this sonorous
phra.se, it was calculated, likeany other shib-
boleth, to mystify rather than to instruct.
Even now that he who runs may read, it
is by no means certain that he will under-
stand. Here it is not at first sight easy
to see the wood for the trees. As com-
pared, for instance, with the highly con-
centrated ' Problems of Philosophy,' where
we never for a moment lose sight of the
main issue, this book presents a tangled
skein. Perhaps the philosopher, descend-
ing from the unencumbered heights to
lower levels, is less sure of his bearings.
No wonder, indeed, since religion, his-
torically considered, is a jungle. It needs
a bold man to attempt a philosophy of
religion. And it needs not merely a bold
man, hut also a wise one, to grasp, as
I'rof. Hoffding grasps, at the sense of the
whole ami of the parts together — to do
justice, as he seeks to do, and does, at
once to religion and to the religions. But
a clear-cut, immediately convincing theory
it is too much to expect. We get,
indeed, a pithy phrase. The phrase,
however, is sufficiently hard to interpret.
" Value " is a comparatively simple and
straightforward notion. It means ' 'good"
— something indefinable, perhaps, but
none the less appreciable on that account.
In making religion primarily concerned
with value or good, Prof. Hoffding is
thoroughly in accord with modern ten-
dencies. It is now customary to draw a
sharp line between the judgment of fact
and the judgment of value, the one being
typical, say, of physical science, and the
other, say, of ethics. In which direction,
then, does religion incline ? A strictly
impartial attitude seems no longer possible.
The days are gone by when theology could
pose as scientia scientiarum, and ars artium.
A division of labour has established itself
in the spiritual sphere, as Prof. Hoffding
insists ; and for this very reason there
has come to be a religious problem.
Now " scientific " explanation may be
said to have wholly superseded re-
ligious explanation as regards particulars.
There remain certain " first " or " last "
questions, which positive science is in-
clined to treat as insoluble riddles. Can
a religious metaphysic succeed where
science throws up the sponge ? Of course
there will be great difference of opinion
on this point. Dr. McTaggart, for in-
stance, in his recent work is all for dogma.
Prof. Hoffding, on the contrary, in his
" epistemological " section can light on
nothing absolute. Religion, as also philo-
sophy, is with him more akin to art than
science : —
" It cannot be denied that a religious
community might possibly come into exist-
ence whose faith found poetic and symbolic
expression, free from all dogmatic conclu-
sions."
Or again : —
" The religious consciousness moves in a
world of poetry, and is becoming increasingly
aware of the fact. The more clearly it
recognises the figurativeness and insufficiency
of its ideas, the better it will be able to com-
prehend a standpoint which attaches no
weight to the formation of fixed and ex-
clusive ideas of the object of religion."
And yet, though it has become plain
that religion cannot, anymore than science,
solve the ultimate riddles, it has not for
Prof. Hoffding lost its significance. There
is the inner experience that the good in
life is real, to the content of which it can
give an emotional and imaginative expres-
sion, thus becoming, as he puts it, " a poetry
of life," " a poetry of humanity." After
all, has man ever worshipped God the first
cause, and not rather the God who is
goodness and truth ? Tried even bv
this test of worship — a test on which Prof.
Hoffding, with his rather wide use of the
term " religion," hardly lays stress enough
— religious experience would seem mainly
to be affirmative of value.
Yes ; but value for whom ? Before
we leave the subject of what value as
such means, this difficulty must be raised;
and for many who would otherwise sym-
pathize with Prof. Hoffding it is likely
to prove a stumbling-block. Not thai
our author, good psychologist that he is,
underrates the principle of personality.
On the one hand, he holds that "scientific
work is a work of personality " ; on the
other, that " it is personality which in the
world of our experience invests all other
things with value." And yet with him
the " cosmical vital feeling " which ex-
presses itself in religion seems wholly
disinterested. The validity of good which
it affirms in becoming cosmical apparently
ceases to be psychological. But is this
strictly possible on his own principles ?
Has he not been misled by taking the
" Not my will, but Thine, be done," of
reh'gion too literally ? Is the will sur-
rendered when it surrenders itself ? And
note the disastrous corollary (though
Prof. Hoffding would probably not accept
the " argument from consequences ").
Personal immortality is no concern of
religion. Prof. Hoffding says solemnly : —
" The more I have looked round on the
world of thought and reality, the more
clearly it has been borne in upon me that
those who are still ready to preach that
were there no future life, this life would lose
all its value, take a great responsibility
upon themselves."
Nay, he goes further than this : —
" The confusion of particular definite
values with eternal values is irreligious.
Nevertheless, few religions are innocent of
it. The religious postulate, in such case,
runs as follows : — ' If the kinds and forms
of value with which I am acquainted do not
persist, then the conservation of value is
nothing to me, or rather I do not admit
that that which persists is value or has value.'
This egoistic form of religiosity is by no
means rare. The belief in personal immor-
tality is often based on this ground, — as
though existence might not still have a
meaning even if I were not immortal ! "
Surely Prof. Hoffding here almost
deserts his chosen ground. ' That which
persists " and " existence " smack less of
value than of fact. What sense is there
in a " good " which is not for some per-
sonality, some consciousness ? Is the
conservation of value, then, much the
same thing as the conservation of energy ?
We now proceed to the even more serious
question of what we are to understand by
" conservation." Religion we know as
the most conservative force in the world.
Does this sociological fact possibly help
to account for the stress laid on conserva-
tion in this context ? For value or good,
in its ordinary ethical sense, is rather some-
thing to be acquired than to be conserved.
First you have to catch your hare ; or
rather life is a continual hunting. ' That
alone can be truly realized which is real
already," it will perhaps be said. But
here we immediately perceive the effect
of allowing the judgment of fact to force
its alien nature on the judgment of value,
namely, that utter nonsense is forthwith
made of the latter. What can possibly
be the good, not merely for us, but also
for the good itself, of realizing what is
realized already I Leibnitz did well to
say, " Nisi beatitudo in progressu con-
sistent, stupcrent beati." Thus religion
within its own field — unless we are ready
to say with I'rof. Hoffding that considera-
tions about future blessedness fall outside
thai field — has to face the problem why
the appeal of good to us is as of something
570
THE ATHENJEUM
N°4098, May 12. 1906
yet to be »""/< . If ii shirt this problem,
if it illicitly oonvert value into en EHeatic
being that rnererj persists, then good-bye
to religion. Ethics is strong in ita own
right, and will take its place. Hut it is
more likely that it is Prof. Hoffding's
analysis <»f religion, and do! religion itself,
that is on the wrong tack.
We have left ourselves little loom to
oonsidex Prof. Hoffding's treatment of the
actual history of religion. On the primi-
tive forms of worship and belief he is not
very illuminating. He obviously has
had to depend on the ic-carches of others.
and these -as, for example, Tiele and
I'sener are perhaps a little out of date.
More interesting, because more his own,
is the attempt to distinguish amongst
the higher religions two fundamental
types, namely, the Indian-Greek and the
Persian-Jewish. On his view, the one
favours immanence, the other evolution.
According to the former, the highest
value is always actually present, though
hidden from men's sight by the veil of
sense. According to the latter, the valu-
able has, and needs, a history ; but only
when the development of the world has
run its course will the valuable be all in
all to all men. The contrast is brilliantly
worked out. At the same time we confess
ourselves suspicious of all forms of the
" philosophy of history," as this seems to
be. Genuine history, based on the com-
parative method, does not thus set out
with the explicit purpose of illustrating
or confirming a doctrine established in
some sense a priori. Besides, abstract
similarities such as are here presented,
without reference to the possibility of
common derivation, are not rooted in
fact, and can therefore be varied with the
shifting needs of the argument. Thus,
in the section on ' Buddha and Jesus,'
both teachers alike are represented as
laying great weight on development towrards
a future goal. Even so, however, let us
in conclusion note, religion, as compared
with ethics, would appear unsound on the
subject of the making of good. Neither
Buddha nor Christ regarded the good as
able to be " reached in positive fashion
by working under temporal conditions ;
it can only be attained through a super-
natural crisis, for which men must hold
themselves in readiness." The demand
of many a serious mind to-day is, negatively,
for absence of all naive supernaturalism ,
and, positively, for a progressive, tem-
poral, human good. Can religion satisfy
this demand ? If not, for such minds at
least, it must either reform itself, or cease
to be effective.
The Highlands and Islands of Scotland.
By A. R. Hope Moncrieff. (A. & C.
Black.)
Mr. HorE Moncmeff has in his preface
anticipated criticism of his book on the
remoter West Highlands. He " has tried
to weave a pattern of entertaining stripes
and patches upon a groundwork of infor-
mation." He has done exactly what he
tried to do, giving stripes and patches of
legend, reflection, criticism of Cookm
and personal remini ill \ <-r \ bright
and plea-ant. While the information is
good enough for the general reader, ire
may ask for more ; for example, Mr. Elope
MoiKiicil wears the Forbes tartan, and
uc want to know when or how the
rTorbeses or the Gordons got i tartan.
They were Lowlanders \ they fought at
llarlaw against the Western clans. In
Montrose's campaigns the Gordons were
his cavalry, with the Ogilvies ; the regular
clans were all footmen. It would be
interesting to find any evidence that the
Gordons and Forbeses had clan tartans,
any more than the Scotts and Kers, before
the publication of the ' Vestiarium Scoti-
cum,' that mysterious and unauthoritative
work. As to the separate kilt, the story
that it was invented by one of the English
exploiters of Highland wood and labour
in Glengarry's country, about 1730-40,
was published not more than forty years
later, with names and full details, and we
are not aware that it was contradicted.
In a letter of 1746, Lord George Murray
speaks of himself as wearing the philabeg,
which appears to mean not the belted
plaid falling over the thighs, but the
separable kilt. Mr. Hope Moncrieff scouts
the story of the English invention of
" the little kilt," but he does not refer
to the evidence, which, we see, is early
in date. Moreover, when the clans cast
their plaids for a charge, as was their
custom, they appeared merely in their
shirts, or smocks ; we do not hear that
they retained their kilts. It must be by
a slip of the pen that the author (p. 23)
speaks of Burt as writing " in the early
seventeenth century." Putting his dates
in his book ' Letters from the North '
together, we find that he was in the High-
lands from 1727, at least, to about 1738.
The author distrusts novelists who, like
Stevenson, make Highlanders of the
eighteenth century talk Scots. But in
speeches of Highlanders which seem to
be textually reported by Bishop Forbes in
' The Lyon in Mourning,' it appears that
they, or some of them, did talk broad
Scots when they deserted Gaelic. In
" runric " cultivation the farmer was not
" proprietor " (p. 149) of his strip of land.
We do not know whether the redistribu-
tion of strips by lot survived late in the
Highlands, and conceive that runrig was
less common than in the contemporary
Lowlands. On comparing Burt for High-
land agriculture with Ramsay of Ochter-
tyre for Stirlingshire about 17:20. it seems
that Lowland tillage wras hardly more
advanced than Highland. Lady Grange,
from St Kilda. did not try " vainlv " to
" communicate with her friends," but her
letters took eleven months on the road.
As her " friends," except Hope of Ran-
kcillour, wore much more the friends of
her husband and of Loval than of herself,
her communications were made in vain.
We merely jot upon a lively, readable,
rambling book of jottings, very pleasantly
written. It is news to us that two Sir
George Mackenzies were ill-famed as
persecutors of the Covenantors ; if so.
the fame of one ha- eclipsed that of the
other. The coloured landscapes, by Mr.
\\ Smith, are suitable t<< the < I
of the book.
A Chapter in th< History of Ann<>t<n
being K<h<>li<i Aristophanica, Vol. 111.
By William G. Rutherford, formerly
ll- "I Master <»f Westminster.
millan fl '
'I'm i:i. is something that take* the fancy
in the spectacle of a pa
becudgeuing the unhappy scholiasts, his
predecessors, who, if not schoolmasb
themselves, preserve the traditions of the
old school-. And be does it with such a
gusto, such mercili erity : at t
sight there seems to be nothing left of the
poor things. In the classroom they took
themselves' seriously, even solemnly : the
letters, which Or. Rutherford generally
prints in derisive capitals — the letti EBfl
were to them the one significant thing in
the world. Yet the world outside held
them cheap ; we are reminded of Dion
Chrysoetom's picture (' Or.' viL) of pove
— the mother hiring herself out to
work, or to harvest, or to be a rich
baby's wet-nurse, the father Si&urKav
ypu.HHa.Ta. i] 7rai8a-ya>y«ti'. Cheap. in-
deed, the world has ever since held the
trainer of children, and dear the world
has had to pay for its folly. Dear the
people of this country are now paying, and
will yet pay, for their false view of educa-
tion, which made possible in the nineteenth
century the same pedantry as marked the
ancient scholiasts, so that, being unedu-
cated themselves, "the people"* think tore-
place pedantryby an ideal less pedantic, but
sordid and contemptible, and sure to
bring nemesis one day. We are perhaps
not far wrong in thinking that some such
reflections as these are the source of Dr.
Rutherford's cynical delight in speaking
his mind, now that the duties of office no
longer impose silence upon him.
We may regard this book from two
points of 'view : one the scholar's, and
one the educator's. For the scholar, it
presents a thorough and most laborious
analysis of the scholia, classified under
various heads, and containing a great
deal of minute information which ho will
find useful. In criticizing other works,
for instance, ho will be able to turn to this
book for an account of the chief writers
who have left scholia, of the manner
in which the annotatoxs used their works,
and the reliance wheh may be placed on
them. Long lists of examples are given
under each section of the book, printed in
full, in foot-notes or " longer notes." The
history of technical terms is examined,^ as,
for example. a\a\tov, >}#os, Tpoin), (rxm"1'
HtTa<i>opii Other topics dealt with
are textual criticism, exegesis, etymol<
and stage directions. Rhetoric and rhe-
torical terms, tropes, and figures form a
large part of the discussion, as they formed
a very largo part of education when the
scholiasts flourished One long chapter
discusses Tryphon's treatise on tropes.
with the fourteen ordinary tropes, which
N°4098, May 12, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
571
were the basis of ypapnaTiK-q, and other
tropes which often were no tropes, such as
" ambiguity." Instances of each trope,
figure, or whatnot are cited, when there
are any, from the Raven nas. The wide
use of ancient lexicons is shown, and most
unintelhgently used they often were.
For the scholar or student, then, there are
rich materials in this volume.
When we turn to the educational side
of the question, there is some grain amongst
the chaff. With all their pedantry and
foolishness, the old schoolmasters had
hold of one great principle : that teaching
depends on the spoken word. Any one
who reads a Greek manuscript of ancient
date, or better still a Greek inscription,
will easily realize that cursory reading
" to oneself " is generally out of the ques-
tion. The letters are written or engraved
in long unbroken lines ; no means are
taken to distinguish the metrical sections
of lyric verse — often enough not even the
lines of other kinds of verse are kept apart.
It is almost as difficult to read as Sanskrit,
and can only be deciphered in the same
way — by forming each word accurately,
which is most easily done by uttering it
aloud. Readers of the ' OEdipus Coloneus'
may remember that the idea of praying
silently to oneself, without uttering words,
has to be carefully explained : it was
evidently unfamiliar. On the contrary,
our modern system of dividing the
words makes it easy to take in the sense
of a phrase, or even of a sentence, at a
glance, without forming the separate parts
of it. No doubt the habit of skimming
books and newspapers thus is to blame
for the hurried and slipshod speech of the
present generation. Reading was in anti-
quity a painful art ; and the schoolmaster
could never depend on a sentence being
understood unless it was read aloud. Or,
to put the matter in another way, the
letters were only a means of storing the
sounds until they should be wanted for
utterance. Now one of the chief faults
of our education in the last generation has
been to substitute printed or written
letters for spoken sentences The scholiasts
may have been fools, but they knew better
than to do that. All their schoolwork,
the authors they read — principally poets
— were rea*l aloud, recited, or chanted ;
and rules are given for the method of
this utterance at various points, even
for the gestures which should accom-
pany it. In describing these Dr. Ruther-
ford still keeps his cynical tone ; and it
is difficult to see whether or not he per-
ceives the value of the practice. But in
the educational reform which is now
beginning, and which we hope in a few
years to see generally carried out (except
perhaps in the strongholds of modern
scholiastry, which it is needless more
exactly to specify), the spoken word must
take its true place as the foundation of
all language-teaching, whether ancient or
modem
And thua our unhappy scholiasts are
enabled to read us a much-needed lesson.
The -indent of this hook will he amazed
ftt their triviality, their pedantry, their
blindness to great issues and their in-
sistence on what is useless, their blunders
and carelessness ; but he will reap some
practical good from their story all the same.
We have enjoyed reading the book, which
is not at all dry, thanks to Dr. Rutherford's
caustic wit ; and in thanking the
author one may breathe a silent prayer —
dirvcTTa ^wvwv. ov&e fjL-qxvvwv fior)v — that the
next may be for him a more enjoyable
task.
The Records of the City of Norwich. Vol. I.
Compiled and edited by the Rev.
William Hudson. (Jarrold & Sons.)
Mr. Hudson's volume on the Norwich
records has long been looked forward to
with interest by antiquaries. His know-
ledge of the local municipal collection is
unrivalled, and to him mainly is due its
present orderly state. To his fellow-
worker, Mr. Tingey, the economic records
have been allotted to form a second volume,
while Mr. Hudson confines himself to muni-
cipal government in its legal, constitutional,
and military aspects. His ' Leet Records,'
published by the Selden Society, and his
paper on the Norwich muster rolls, have
given a foretaste of the nature of the
Norwich contribution to English borough
history. Norwich has been fortunate in
her historians, and if it is unfortunate that
an early fourteenth-century copy of the
valuable Custumal should have turned
up only after the text had been printed
from an inferior MS., still its appearance
in substantially the same form as that
which has been edited proves Mr. Hudson's
acuteness in ascribing to the late copy
an early date. The Custumal, in fifty-one
chapters, with a translation, forms a sub-
stantial section of the book, which will
be of interest chiefly to those who concern
themselves with the history of English law.
Documents illustrative of the Custumal
and the processes of the city courts are
appended ; and there follow extracts from
the Assembly Rolls, or minutes of council
meetings, which begin in the middle of the
fourteenth century. The royal charters
have been given, though not in all cases
in full. By means of abstracts and other
devices, the immense bulk of original
material has been as far as possible kept
within bounds. The book is very hand-
somely got up, and its maps will rejoice
the hearts of the citizens of Norwich. A
map of the neighbouring hundreds is alone
wanting, and is the more necessary as
conflict on the subject of boundaries forms
an important theme.
Mr. Hudson has not confined his long
and elaborate Introduction entirely to the
subject of the municipal collection, but
treats of the earliest history of the borough,
and the creation of a second or French
borough. It should have been noticed
that, in one of the versions of the agree-
ment made between Stephen and Henry
FitzKmpress in 1153, the castle and mils
of Norwich are mentioned, so that com-
plete union had not at that time been
effected. In the account of the develop-
ment of the constitution Mr. Hudson has,
we think, confined his attention somewhat
too rigidly to the particular collection of
texts before him. It is a defect of the
right kind in a local historian to be un-
willing to go beyond his record ; but
where records have been kept in a very
haphazard way, and are entirely missing
for long periods, it is not safe to use the
"argumentum ex silentio." Where, as at
Norwich, there is abundant evidence of
close similarity to London, the example
of London requires more study than has
been accorded to it here. It is scarcely
correct to call Henry II. 's charter to
London a repetition of that of Henry I.,
since it is in many points a more
restricted grant. It is interesting to
note that the men of Norwich could
claim in the thirteenth century to use a
compurgatory oath to meet a charge of
homicide, with eighteen men chosen from
each side of the river of Norwich (the
Wensum) ; but it is a mistake to assume
that the accused chose his own com-
purgators : the London custom required
that they should be chosen for the party
swearing, thus increasing the severity of
the test. The rise of an inner circle of
citizens known as the Twenty-four is
ascribed to a late date, and great difficulty
is made over the source of their judicial
powers. That there should be found such
a body, with powers judicial in the first
instance rather than administrative, is
what we should expect in the light of the
evidence derived from other sources. In
differentiating the small assemblies from
the great annual gathering of all the
citizens it should be pointed out that the
word congregacio seems in the early records
to be used for the smaller, in distinction
to convocatio for the larger meeting. The
Custumal contains a clause on the subject
of neglect of summons to the convocatio,
which punished as contumacious those
persons who, having been summoned at
their houses, failed to appear/ This was
a summons of a different nature from the
summons of councillors, neglect of which
entailed a money penalty only.
A very interesting development at
Norwich was a Bachery, or Bachelors'
Gild, which seems to have been a con-
federation of the smarter elements of
Norwich society in the fifteenth-century,
a club which backed by " maintenance "
the councillors who had got control of the
government of the town. It may well
date from 1263, when Wykes notes that
the Bachery in many towns were uniting
(to secure admission to the constitution
for the excluded crafts).
There are many details in this volume
of more than merely local interest. In
1264 we leam that the system of coroners"
inquests was broken down propter gitcrram.
In 1385 the armed men and archers and
mariners from Norwich went to war in
slops and hoods particoloured white and
red. Economic problems, although re-
served for separate treatment, receive
occasional illustration from these pages.
The volume is distinctively mediawal :
after the fifteenth century little is printed
except the muster rolls.
We hope that the city of Norwich will
be stimulated by the publication of this
:>7-J
Til K A rr II KN'/Kl' M
N (098, May 12, 1906
instalment t'> proceed systematically to
the completion <>f the issue <>f • grand
miics of retold-, the ((intents of which
can only be go eased from the Catalogue
issued hi 1898 bj Messrs. Hudson and
Tingey. The facsimiles <>f handwriting
are unfortunately so reduced as to be
illegible. The use of head-lines would
have made the texl easier to handle ; and
the absence of punctuation makes the
reader's task needlessly painful. We
point out these unimportant defects in
the hope that the work may continue,
and an opportunity he found for B
change ol system iu these matters.
The indexes are excellent. There are a
good many somewhat disconcerting mis-
prints—for instance, in text and glossary
" vauga " for vanga (spade). The term
" office " (meaning '* inquest ") requires
some explanation for the inexperienced
reader. Although " William of St. Mary's
Church" has the authority of Madox,
Saintc-Mere-Eglise is more in accordance
with fact and modern historical usage.
NEW NOVELS.
FcnwicFs Career. By Mrs. Humphry
Ward. (Smith, Elder & Co.)
Mrs. Ward's new novel finds its general
theme in one of the sad features of
Komney's life. Fenwick is an excitable
and irritable painter who leaves his young
wife and child in Westmorland to seek
his fortune in London upon a borrowed
hundred pounds. He finds his first patron
in Lord Findon, and makes a friend of
Findon's daughter, who is married to a
foreign scapegrace, but lives in her father's
house. It so happens that when Fenwick
and Findon are introduced to each other,
Findon, without meaning much, says
something in condemnation of the im-
prudence of early marriages on the part
of unknown artists. This Fenwick allows
to pass without remark, and all the de-
scription of mind and incident of the
story arise out of this trivial fact. For,
without the terrible disclosure of his matri-
monial condition, Fenwick dines at Lord
Findon's house and paints a portrait of
his daughter ; and just when five hundred
pounds are given him for his pictures and
he is gone to Peter Robinson's to buy
some presents for his wife, that poor young
woman dashes down to London in an
agony of suspicion, finds her way to the
studio, spoils a portrait of a lady out of
jealousy, and disappears beyond the reach
of all inquiries.
Just as a man is no older than he feels,
so an improbability is no more improbable
than the novelist's art makes it appear.
Phoebe (the wife) and Madame de Pas-
tourelles (Lord Findon's daughter) are
well-drawn and life-like characters. The
latter especially is the success of the book.
The former, in Mrs. Ward's skilful hands,
is both interesting and lovable, but one
of the inevitable defects of a plot so thin
is that she can hardly be made convincing.
I'hcebe is essentially a novelist's young
woman. If reality is to be spoken of at
all, her desertion is a < olossal a I of reck*
folly ; and though from jealousy anv
woman may do anything, she cannot
necessarily do it for twelve whole ye
The gulf which divides the second from
the third pari of the hook Penwick "in
London" from Fenwick "after twelve
years" — is like the silence that greet
manifest untruth — a profane silence at
the besl .
As to Penwick himself, tin- portrait
lacks outline. The story of an art
life imposes no greater restrictions upon
the novelist than have to he observed by
every one who would write life-history
in the suhjective sense, and not a mere
story of adventure. An artist's develop-
ment in his art must be skilfully suggested :
it cannot be minutely described. Although
the interest of this story comes entirely
from sources that have nothing to do with
art — so much so, indeed, that it could
easily be rewritten, and Fenwick made a
barrister or even a professor of economics
— the setting which Mrs. Ward has chosen
has been carefully and thoroughly fash-
ioned. Few novelists could have done it
half so well — so sanely, free from words
of wholly indefinite significance, from
propositions that have neither truth nor
untruth.
" Suddenly Fenwick said in emotion :
' I don't know how it is, — but I see much
better than I did.'
" The doctor said you would, John, when
you got strong,' she put in quickly. ' He
said you'd been suffering from your eyes a
long time without knowing it. It was
nerves, like the rest.' "
This is excellent indeed in a novel of
artistic life. Any Philistine among us can
enjoy the story and let his sympathies
and interests expand. But it is not
altogether so in the non- artistic features
of the book — in the plot or " schema "
of domestic tragedy with which the story
is after all concerned. As to Fenwick,
we are deceived at least twice — fobbed
off with words and told that they are
motives, or even that they are acts. At
the close of his first meeting with Lord
Findon — the meeting at which he had not
only failed to champion the ordinance of
matrimony, but, when asked who was the
model for a picture, had said, '* Oh ! some
one I knew in Westmorland " (in fact,
she was his wife) — Fenwick feels a guilty
discomfort weigh upon him, and considers
whether the awful fact should be disclosed :
" Lord Findon would be puzzled, — chilled.
He would suppose there was something to be
ashamed of — some skeleton in the cupboard.
And especially would lie take it ill that
Fenwick had allowed him to run on with
his diatribes against matrimony as though
he were talking to a bachelor."
We confess this last sentence is too much
for our gravity, and we are sorry, because
the matter must be taken seriously : other-
wise the story must swing without a hinge.
Again, when Fenwick and Madame de
Pastourelles are at Versailles, Fenwick,
knowing that he has a wife alive, either
makes love to Madame, either contemplates
aspiring to her hand, or he does not.
Which is it to be ? If he does, the
incident must !>•• properly engi
and the consequences allowed for in the
character. It I art to turn
round upon a character with infii
reproaches for doing something so utterly
indefinite that the t. innot tell
whether it ha- been described to him or
not. There i- no need to be coarse : but
if a man (in a novel) i- going to do some-
thing that i- blackguardly let him do it.
Otherwise we get a false air of delicate
perception when the reproaches begin to
shower : we lose touch with the character.
It is the simple elements <>f a narrative
that give meaning to it. For this reason
Madame de Pastourelle by far
the i i- by far the best-drawn
picture in the book. The gentle art of
brickmaking without straw I sed
her by. The fullest and most life-like of
characters, she i> also the rarest and n
delicate, the most consistent and con-
vincing. Indeed. Mrs. Wards women are
described and made to live, with an art
which is so good that her men seem
terribly meagre and almost wooden in
comparison. In Lord Findon's case she
has herself to blame. Why he should have
been dotted over with vicious little patches
of poor comedy we do not know. Arthur
Welby is a stock type with little or nothing
added. But perhaps it is the high plane
on which we have been moving that makes
us critical of such minor features. The
book is not a whirl of passion at any stage,
but it is filled with a calm and strong
interest. It is thoroughly enjoyable, with
charm as well as an idea of its own.
The Arena. By Harold Spender. (Con-
stable & Co.)
Mr. Harold Spender has been bold in
his political novel of the day. He has,
like Trollope, given us politicians very
much alive, who remind us of real men,
without allowing us to construct a " key."
Mr. Spender's recipe is of the nature of
those by which tea-dealers double the
price of the commodity. Each of lus
great men is an admirable " blend,*'
skilfully adapted to the palate. His
Prime Minister is surrounded by an awe
which the present Prime Minister does not
inspire : it is exactly the Gladstone
atmosphere. Yet Mr. Spender's Prime
Minister is as much "C.-B." as he is
Gladstone ; but the opinions do not
tally for either, and the time is in part
to-day, in part to-morrow. His great
new leader is a skilful mixture of Mr.
Chamberlain and Mr. Lloyd-George with
Lord Rosebery.
The other new leading politician, who
leans to the Church and Labour side of
social questions, is the present LordLytton
in some early scenes, as far as we are
carried by descriptive traits : but later
he diverges wholly from this type, passes
through a Lord Hugh Cecil moment, and
then ceases to resemble any known poli-
tician, though he plays a chief part and
is the hero of the book. The Labour
leader is an amalgam of Mr. Crooks and
Mr. Burns, but with points about hiin
N°4098, May 12, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
573
which belong to neither. Mr. Spender
has "caught" Mr. Crooks, in some
scenes, with remarkable skill : speeches
to London workmen and to rowdy under-
graduates, who have come to interrupt
a Town Hall meeting, strike us as perfect,
but they are pure Crooks. The " C.S.U."
is mildly satirized, and Mr. Robert Hudson
pleasantly sketched.
It would be easy to attack Mr. Harold
Spender for occasional lapses, such as
were unknown to Trollope, into hasty
journalism, which in some instances lead
to vulgarity. His great people do not
always talk either as such persons are
supposed to talk, or as they really do.
The heroine becomes the wife of the hero
in circumstances which cause his friends
to declare that he has " married beneath
him " ; this perhaps explains in her case
a. good many expressions which somewhat
shock us, such as " it rends me." She is,
however, a strange lady, and induces her
leading politician to kiss her, during the
sitting of both Houses, near the door of
the Conference Room and that of the
typewriters' staircase in St. Stephen's
Hall. " It chanced that they were alone
. . . except for the statues " ; but this
surely could not happen : strangers wait-
ing for the Gallery might indeed all of
them have found seats, but we believe
the policemen at each end to be fixtures.
When the Irish dynamiter chose the quieter
corner a few yards off in which to leave
his infernal machine, a third brave con-
stable, it will be remembered, detected it,
•even there, within a minute.
The hero sometimes drops into the
language of the heroine. We cannot
bring ourselves to believe that this dis-
tinguished aristocrat, statesman, and
scholar could have described to the
mother of the heroine the house of Mr.
•Crooks, or of Mr. Crooks's double, as
" the home where pure minds and kind
hearts would ensure her against the least
whisper of scandal " : the fact is certain ;
it is only to the language that we take ex-
ception. The event happened in South
London, so that the speech may fairly be
called " Transpontine." Leading men do
not say of a tenant that he " was evicted
by my old Dad. And Dad never evicted
without cause." In the same conversa-
tion another politician of the same stand-
ing aska, " Isn't that just a little previous?"
\ good deal may also be said by way of
criticism as to the House of Commons
language in the book. It contains many
small inaccuracies, such as those to be
found in the words of the Clerk announcing
the " Committee stage " of a Bill, and of
the Chairman putting the question on a
clause in Committee. The " Parliament-
ary language " is obvious caricature,
and leaves the Trollope note for
the Dickensian. No recent Chairman
would have allowed the words " thief "
and " renegade " to stand long enough
t<> permit the hero to reply at some little
length by a paragraph whieh ends with
the term " parasite." As a general rule,
however, Mr. Spender is close enough to
fact to produce the Trollope illusion of
real political life ; and although in one
passage " ribbons " unfortunately become
" sashes," there are few such slips as those
which we have named.
Some of the incidental humour of the
book strikes us as excellent, and almost
on the Dickensian level. Some of the
serious passages are as good in a very
different way, such as the heroine's " fear
of a goodness which she did not under-
stand, of a resolution which she began to
regard as a sort of unreasoning fanaticism."
BOOKS FOR STUDENTS.
ENGLISH.
The Sounds of Spoken English. By Walter
Rippmann. (Dent & Co.) — This little
manual of ear-training for English students,
and teachers of English pronunciation, is
carefully compiled. Jn this and other
books of " Dent's Modern Language Series "
the alphabet of the Association Phonetique
Internationale is adopted, which is as good,
on the whole, as any yet published, though
we prefer some of the symbols of the ' New
English Dictionary.' Persons who know
Latin often sound consonantal i after sh
in "anxious," "gracious," though Mr. Ripp-
mann and the Oxford lexicographers ignore
this pronunciation ; they also drop the h of
" historical," " habitual," which is " pro-
nounced " more than they suspect, but
often not heard, as the unstressed h does
not carry far. " John " is not the
only proper name in which " h is not pro-
nounced," and its mention should have pre-
vented the omission of " Sarah " and of any
notice of the silence of final h preceded by
a vowel, as in "pariah," "oh." The drop-
ping of w before h in " who," of intrusive w
in " whole," might have been noticed ; but
where space is very limited a writer naturally
sacrifices much detail to points of special
interest.
Pierce the Ploughmans Crede. Edited by
W. W. Skeat. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.)
— ' Pierce the Ploughmans Crede ' — this
spelling of the title is that of the printed
edition of 1553 — is a Wycliffite attack on the
friars, written shortly after 1393. In metre
and style it imitates the famous ' Vision,'
from which the figure of Piers is borrowed.
It is a clever and interesting poem, and in
some passages the author has equalled his
model. This new edition is in the main a
reprint of Prof. Skeat's edition issued by the
Early English Text Society in 1867. The
glossary has been considerably improved ;
the notes contain only a few corrections and
additions, for the original notes were remark-
ably full and accurate. A large portion of
the preface has been rewritten, owing to
the editor's change of opinion as to the
relation between the ' Crede ' and the so-
called 'Plowman's Tale.' In 1867 Prof.
Skeat maintained that these two poems were
by one hand ; and he adhered to this view
in his edition of the ' Tale ' in ' Chaucerian
and other Pieces' published in 1897. Now,
however, he accepts the conclusion (first
propounded in Tlie Athenaeum of July 12th,
1 * • < > i» ) that 72 of the stanzas of the 'Tale '
are interpolations ; and as the passage in
which the author is made to claim the
writing of the 'Crede' is in one of these
spurious stanzas, he admits that the identity
of authorship can no longer be considered
certain. At the same time h<' appears un-
willing to abandon belief in it, and urges
that the interpolator may possibly have
followed a correct tradition in regarding
the poem whieh he expanded as being by
the author of the ' Crede.' Our own opinion
is that the interpolations are of so late a
date that the supposition that their author
had any " tradition " to guide him in this
matter becomes very improbable. The
question, however, does not greatly affect
the interpretation of the ' Crede ' itself. With
regard to the text, the only criticism that
we have to make refers to 1.610, where the
editor follows the Trinity MS. in reading
"NeyJ'er ordeyned in ordir. but onlie libbef1."
Prof. Skeat says that one]>e, the reading of
the other MS. and the edition of 1553, " is
quite unsuitable." But onlie cannot legiti-
mately bear the interpretation which ho
suggests, " in a way of their own " ; in fact,
the hemistich is equally unmeaning and
ungiammatieal with the one reading as with
the other. The truth seems to be that an
early scribe, having written the first half of
this line, was reminded by it of the similar
wording of 1. 45, " NeyJ'er in order ne ovit
but vn-ne]'e lybbo]\" and inadvertently
substituted the last three words for those
which he should have written. The onlie
of the Trinity MS. is either an attempted
correction or a mere misreading. In 1. 383
there is a misprint (" tymne " for tyme)
which was not in the edition of 1S67.
How to Read English Literature : Chaucer
to Milton. By L. Magnus. (Routledge &
Sons.) — The title leads us to expect ele-
mentary instruction conveyed in simple
language, whereas we find that a large
percentage of the work constitutes a speci-
men of florid English literature, the full
significance of which could only be mastered
by one able to read any English author from
Robert of Gloucester to Mr. Winston Churchill
without assistance. In fact, the English
reader should have been supplied with a
preliminary section instructing him howT to
read ' How to Read,' &c. ; and he is likely
to resent the insinuation that he ought to
comprehend an author's " Weltanschauung "
without explanation of the term. We gather
that before reading a book he must cultivate,
by study of special and general history,
certain expectations. With regard to Shak-
speare having first learnt to appreciate
Marlowe's magnificence, he is to
"expect Marlowe's tragic touch, his vast and greatly-
c mceived design, his broad inelaborate curves wind-
ing through the music of a metre hewn, as it were,
from the rock. Shakespeare's sanity will guide
the courageous back of the apprentice through the
shoals where Marlowe suffered ship-wreck to a safe
and prosperous harbour."
If he be told that " back " should probably
be " bark," he may remain bewildered.
" Bacon " and " Balfour " both begin
with Ba-, which coincidence is the best
reason we can suggest for introducing Mr.
A. J. Balfour, "bowing and scraping to a
public whieh might be impatient, or which
might impute to him an inconvenient degree
of self-esteem," in his ' Preliminary ' to
' The Foundations of Belief.' as a Victorian
contrast to the Elizabethan in his preface
to the ' Great Installation.' For one thing,
prefatory matter is now taken less seriously
than it used to be ; for another. Mr. Balfour,
as a layman writing an introduction to the
study of theology, had placed himself in an
exceptional position.
As a whole the work is an interesting
essay on certain aspects of English litera-
ture, more distinguished by enthusiasm than
by method. The idea that " literature. . . .
followed the flag as regularly and as eagerly
as trade." seems somewhat of B paradox,
and ought to be formally reconciled with the
dictum "Great literature. .. .is affected by
centripetal gravity." Cord Herners should
have been mentioned as an early disciple of
174
Til E AT II KN .i;i' M
V 1098, Kai 12, 1906
tiihvara ; iin<l in a useful table of English
authors of the sixteenth and earhj nth
tury Shakspeare'a indebted™ to Sir
Thomas North for |>l<>ts ami vocabularj
should Iiiin e been recorded.
aU88IA> AM) JAPAN
Mm, ltd pour V Etude tie /" LtDigiK RuSSS.
Par Paul Boyer el N. Speranski. (Paris,
\i mand Colin.)
/, - mi Reader, adapted for English speaking
Students. By Samuel Nortnrup BLarper.
(Chicago, University Press.)
| i ocabulaure Francaia-Russe <l< In fin
dii Seizi&me Siicle. Par Paul Boyer.
i Paris, Erneet Leroux.)
The Btudy of the Russian language has
steadily developed in England since the
Crimean War. Dp to that period the
Slavonic tongues, Russian included, were
ignored. Here and there a traveller had
picked up a few words or phrases, but they
weir treated as a jargon. Donaldson, in
his once popular, but now forgotten ' Var-
ronianus,' contrived to drag in occasional
Russian sentences. And yet the first
Russian grammar was printed at Oxford in
It was written in Latin by Henry
Ludolf, the nephew of Job Ludolf, who
published Borne valuable works on Ethiopic.
It was no doubt stimulated by the travels of
Peter the Great, who even visited Oxford
for one day. The details of his stay were
unknown till a short time ago, when a letter
was found among the Lhuyd Manuscripts
in the Bodleian, in which the assistant at
the Ashmolean Museum tells the story to
one of his friends. This letter has never been
printed. Although grammars of English
were published in Russia during the reign of
Catherine, our countrymen were content to
acquire the language from the work of Reiff,
issued at Karlsruhe, but circulated in many
editions in this country. Reiff also com-
piled a dictionary, which is even yet in use,
although it cannot compete with the more
elaborate production of Aleksandrov. Little
need be said of Riola's ' Reading Book '
(1878). The extracts are very promiscuous,
and whenever Kiola in his ' Grammar '
attempts to explain the more difficult forms,
we see that he has no claim to be considered
a scholar. He commits many solecisms,
and seems to have had no scientific training.
In M. Boyer's manual now before us we
have to do with a solid piece of work. We
need fear no clap-trap explanations of forms.
The " aspects," which are a terror to
the beginner, are honestly dealt with. The
extracts from Tolstoy are very useful,
as they are full of colloquialisms, and
Russian, like English, differs much in its
colloquial and its literary forms. Each story
is accompanied by a valuable body of notes,
to which references are given in a short
index ; and there is a dictionary of the chief
words. Moreover, in an appendix the
cruxes of Russian philology arc courageously
handled. The reader accustomed to the
thin and unscientific treatment of Reiff will
here find proper explanations. M. Boyer
fully realizes that Russian, like ancient
Creek, has it4!? synthetic and analytic diffi-
oulties. Thus no language^ could exhibit
a more luxuriant use of prepositions.
!t is by such scientific treatment as M.
Boyer's that the difficulties of Russian in
a great measure disappear. It is a language
which must he taught historically. It is
only by such means that a pupil can under-
stand why the past tense of a Russian verb
has gender. It is in reality a participle, and
many illustrations could be furnished from
Latin and other languages. We have found
M. Boyer very clear on the Bubject of the
Mt. The wordi in his book are all < i
full 'nal.ll lie has already pub-
lished a learned work on the importanoi
t In- accent in forming I he n
I ■• I* Accentuation <lu Verbs rusae' (Pi
1895), which at the tin,.- of it-, appearance
tavourabhj noticed bj the chief foreign
philological reviews. In the not, t,, the
various tales lelected foi i or author
takes occasion to explain many custom-
prevailing among the Russians.
It is a great thing thai a man of good
scientific training should bring the la;
results of Slavonic philology within the grasp
Of the ordinary student. We feel inclined
to differ From him on one point only. He
tells us (p. ."51. note 4) that the suffix -a after
the numerals tint, tri, tin-tire, and oba is a
genitive singular; but it is really an old
dual form which would naturallj' go after
<h-(t. The other two have accidentally taken
it by analogy. We get traces of these duals
in the feminine in ochi, u.slii. dviesti, 4c.
It seems impossible to believe that a nomi-
native case plural or genitive case plural
could take in agreement with it such an
ungrammatical form as a genitive case
singular. It is true that the accent has
followed that of the genitive singular by a
false analogy, if we may so style it. The
genitive plural has been dragged into use
in the same way.
Of the English version which has appeared
in America, where Russian is much studied,
it will suffice to say that it has been carefully
prepared by a pupil of M. Boyer : Mr.
Samuel Harper, of Chicago, son of the late
lamented President of the LTniversity. It
leaves nothing to be desired, being excel-
lently printed at the Chicago University
Press ; and the work has been furthered by
Mr. Crane, who has done much for the
study of Slavonic in America.
The third book cited at the head of our
article contains a hitherto unprinted French-
Russian vocabulary, which dates from the
conclusion of the sixteenth century. We
think M. Boyer did well in giving it to the
public, as it contains many curious words,
the difficulties connected with which he
carefully annotates. He has shown much
ingenuity in tracing these words. Similar
vocabularies are preserved in the Bodleian
and elsewhere, e.g. Laud. MS. 476, and also
the little vocabulary of Richard James, of
the beginning of the seventeenth century.
James was an Oxford man, and, going as
chaplain to Russia, was compelled to spend
a winter at Archangel, where he compiled
a small dictionary, which has been photo-
graphed for the St. Petersburg Academy,
and will no doubt soon make its appearance.
The collection of six Russian historical
ballads (bilini) preserved with the vocabulary
must have been made by his order. We
think that the handwriting is too good for
James — too like what a Russian would write
in the 8koropi8. In his vocabulary the words
are written in Latin letters. Sometimes
there is a curious note appended. Thus
Opposite the word kinshol \$ic~\ is placed " a
Russian dagger. The officer of the customs
at Archangel was wont to boast that he
stabbed the Pretender Demetrius with one
of the same description/' One reels on
looking at these vocabularies that the
Russian language has changed but little
during the last three centuries, and we find
an additional reason for such an opinion in
the correspondence between Kurbski and
Ivan the Terrible.
We hope that M. Boyer's handy reading
book will be extensively used in this country.
In Japanese Conversation in Six Months,
by W. A. Adams ( Regan Paul), an excellent
aid to students of Japanese is offered. But
the title u a curious misnomer. The hook
rocebularj ■■: iome 2,700 Japano-
(liine-i- jnkuji, or dissyllabic word- that
mpounds of t-.vo (or more in a few
vponiee.
I • ,. iseful production as an aid I •
those w ho ha I the initial
difficulties of Japanese and many these
are, aid ■ begUUV not
much more useful than a heap of brickl to
who is no architect. Mr. Adams in his
Introduction admit- that the absence of
grammar is more tha ited for by
the .md multifariousness of I
biliary and the difficulties of the syntax
of Japanese. It is just this of
grammar — or rather its irreducibility to
regular rules — that main i the Byntax bo
difficult. It i- not too much to say that
between Japanese and English, in either
direction, a literal translation of the simplest
sentence is impossible. The absence of the
imagery of everyday conversation common
in I. Languages is another and \
great difficulty. Every idea has to be
duced to its lowest expression, so to speak —
stripped of the human element involved in
it, and clothed in the baldest materia!.
form. These characteristics increase in
intensity daily, through the rapid conversion
of the whole native vocabulary into Japano-
Chinese, in which, again, nearly all i.
ideas must be expressed. The result is that
eloquence, pathos, wit, humour, and philo-
sophical thought, as we understand these
things, are all impossible in modern Japanese;
and Japan runs no slight risk of being re-
duced to the possession of a mere terminology
in which inexactitudes will not be infrequent.
Further, the use of Japano-Chinese neces-
sitates more and more the employment of
the Chinese character, that is, of an i
language, and widens the gulf — already far
too wide — between the written and the
spoken speech. Almost any Japano-Chinese
word — take at random ango, a password,
literally a dark word — is unintelligible unless
written so far as its elements are concerned ;
there are scores of an a and of go's, and the
compound might for speech be as well called
xy or mm, with an artificial or acquired
connotation for the expressions, as ango.
The arrangement of Mr. Adams's little book
is excellent : the words are placed under
common vocables ; the Chinese characters
are supplied ; and an explanation of each
word, based on the meanings of the cha-
racters, is added, thus giving the words a
certain vitality, and relieving them from
being merely algebraic signs. These explana-
tions are, so far as we have tested them,
correct and helpful ; and the book as a
whole is a most useful aid to the student of
the written speech of Japan as well as to
the student of the colloquial — perhaps
rather more so to the former than to the
latter. But let no one attempt Japai
who has not plenty of time, plenty of courage,
and a good reason for undertaking the labour.
AFB.IC w.
I Grammar of the Kaffir Language. By
J. McLaren. (Longmans & Co.) — We can
without hesitation pronounce this to he
the best handbook of Xosa that we have yet
Been. Appleyard's 'Grammar' — an excel-
lent piece of pioneer work — has long been
Out of print, and required supplementing
in several important points : and none Cm
the smaller works issued in more recent
years has any pretension (with the excep-
tion of Father Torrend's 'Outlines') to a
scientific character — most of them, indeed,
being but indifferent helps to the learner.
Mr. McLaren has not only studied the
N°4098, May 12, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
575
language (so we gather) for twenty years,
but has also treated it philologically, and
availing himself of the researches of Bleek,
Father Torrend, Sir H. H. Johnston, and
other Bantu scholars, has been enabled to
throw light upon some difficult problems,
by comparison with other members of the
same family. The practical part is admir-
ably arranged, and many points are stated
with a clearness for which we have hitherto
looked in vain. The distinction, e.g., between
" strong " and " weak " prefixes (p. 25)
enables the rule for the possessive of proper
nouns (with ka) to be given in a much
handier form than could otherwise be done.
The section on ' The Article ' has almost
converted us to the use of that term for the
initial letter of the prefix — which, with all
due respect to Bleek, we had hitherto been
unable to accept. The form abelungu (for
abalungu) is, for the first time in our experi-
ence, satisfactorily explained (p. 4) by a
principle which also covers wetu (there was
no possible theory on which we could sup-
pose this to be a contraction of wa itu) and
a large number of " vowel verbs," viz., that
" a is often softened to c when the vowel of
the following syllable is u." The distinc-
tion between close and open (or, as they are
here called, " long " and " broad ") o and e
is too commonly overlooked in works of
this kind, and we have never before found
the phonetic rule for them stated, viz.,
' The long or soft sounds of e and o are
found only when the vowel of the following
syllable is i or u, and the broad sounds when
the vowel of the following syllable is a, e,
or o." This is a most important point.
The differences between Zulu and Xosa,
though sufficient to cause great perplexity
to a student who has learnt only one of
these languages, are chiefly in pronunciation
and vocabulary. Sounds which do not occur
at all in the former language, so far as
we are aware, are ts, ty (to be distinguished
from tsh), tl, and (perhaps) the " ringing
ng\" and two out of the three different
gutturals represented by r. But it would
be unsafe to dogmatize on this head till
Zulu has been more minutely studied in the
light of an improved phonetic system and
with the aid of the phonograph. We have it
on Dinuzulu's authority that " several new
letters " are required for an adequate Zulu
alphabet, and suspect that the above may
be reckoned among them, as well as the
double sounds of b and k, " each of which is
quite different from its sound in English."
These are (1) the " explosive " or aspirated,
and (2) one " pronounced with a slight
drawing -in of the breath" — which is
markedly contrary to European habits of
speech, though the resulting difference is
so slight as to pass unmarked by a careless
observer. Mr. McLaren says that the only
genuine Xosa p sound is the explosive one,
the ordinary voiceless labial being heard
only in words derived from English or
Dutch. Dl seems to represent the sound
written in Zulu dhl. The Zulu pronoun
ngi is ndi in Xosa, as it is in Nyanja. Mono-
syllabic roots of the li and lu classes pre-
i the mil form of the prefix more often
than in Zulu, as ilizwc, ilifu, uluti — Zulu
izwe, ifu, uti. It is a peculiarity of Xosa
that these are exceptionally accented on
the last syllable, whereas in Zulu the accent
is thrown on the prefix. We cannot con-
clude from the above, however, that Xosa
represents a more primitive stage ol Buntu,
for some contractions are found in it not
I (or at any rate not common) in Zulu.
\\ here the same word is used, it is com-
paratively seldom that it differs in form,
and then, for the most part, but slightly — as
ubaivo for ubaba, father ; intsimi for insimu
a garden ; isonka for isinkwa, bread. But
in many cases there is no possible connexion
between the words. Thus we have ihlwempu,
a poor man, Z. ompofu ; ukulumka, to be
prudent, Z. ukuhlakanipa ; inkwenkwe, a
boy, Z. umfana ; ibokwe^ a goat, Z. imbuzi.
Why the Dutch bok should have become
naturalized in the last case it is hard to say ;
perhaps some rule of hlonipa interfered with
the use of the Ur-Bantu root ; and,
indeed, the Bantu would seem to have
possessed goats from time immemorial.
One wonders, too, whether something
similar may not be the case with umfana,
which is the diminutive of umfo, a
word originally having a depreciatory sense
(" fellow," or the like), but now often used
for " brother " — perhaps with some notion
of averting ill-luck. On the other hand, we
fail to recall a parallel for inkwenkwe.
EDUCATIONAL LITERATURE.
Course of Study in the Eight Grades. By
Charles A. McMurry, Ph.D. 2 vols. (New
York, the Macmillan Company.) — These two
volumes treat of the eight grades of the
American common school curriculum, which
has for many years been " growing more
extensive and complex." and this course
corresponds with the work done in our own
public elementary schools without being
exactly equivalent to it. Dr. McMurry's
main object in the work is to lay out a
" liberal and practical course of study for
the common school of America," and he
refers us for the facts and reasons on which
he bases the curriculum to the various
volumes of special method already written
by him. In addition to mere courses of
instruction adapted to the needs of the
common elementary school, we are provided
with chapters devoted to the theory and
practice of education; but in these the author
is so overpowering! y verbose that his mean-
ing is frequently lost in a cloud of words.
We gather from the Preface that Dr.
McMurry is, or at any rate has been, a " plain
schoolmaster " ; and no doubt his experi-
ence in schoolwork was most valuable and
helpful to him in arranging his terminal and
yearly schemes of lessons. The programme
of work in each of the more important sub-
jects— English, geography, history, element-
ary science, arithmetic, language, &c. —
deserves careful perusal, and will, we think,
prove suggestive to head masters and head
mistresses in the rearrangement of their own
classwork. Dr. McMurry's experience has
brought home to him the difficulties, from
a teacher's standpoint, of organizing and
arranging the studies in a common school,
and the possible danger to children of the
growing burden of work laid on them. As
he truly says,
" Our present elementary course, if carried out, is
overcrowded with the quantity and variety of
materials. There arc more studies than children
can learn well, and more than teachers can teach
well."
Considerable attention is devoted to the
" simplification and organization of the
school course " ; and herein very much may
no doubt be effected by the correlation of
studies. The want of this is a source of
weakness in English elementary schools, as
we now find it to be in those of America.
The work of the teacher would be easier and
more efficient, and that of the pupils more
interesting, and therefore more effective, if
the list of subjects nominally taught were
curtailed; for instance, the suggestion
might with profit be adopted that, physical
geography and physiography should be
taught under the heading of geography and
civism, &c, in connexion with history,
instead of placing these subjects in water-
tight compartments, as it were. The undue
multiplication of separate subjects to be
taught in elementary schools is due in great
measure to the over supply of school-books.
Our School out of Doors. By the Hon. M.
Cordelia Leigh. (Fisher Unwin.) — The plan
of this little work is excellent : the writer
supposes teachers to be taking their scholars
for a country walk twice a month, and gives
hints for conversations on natural phenomena
as they are observed on the spot, with descrip-
tions and explanations of them. The
chapters were revised in manuscript by
Prof. R. Lydekker, Lord Avebury, and Dr.
Orenden ; but these distinguished men
appear to have devoted but scant attention
to the revision, otherwise we should find
the composition of many paragraphs more
careful, and many explanations of pheno-
mena more satisfactory.
The title-page informs us that the author
intended her work for the use of " young
people," that is, we suppose for pupils ;
while we read in the Preface that it is de-
signed " for the assistance of teachers in
nature study " : the difficulty of writing
for two classes of readers whose needs are so
different is considerable, and it is not over-
come in the chapters before us. These
" elementary chapters " consist of more or
less disconnected paragraphs, which are far
too scrappy to arrest and retain the interest
of pupils ; and too unscientific in arrange-
ment, and often too inaccurate in their
details, to be really useful to teachers.
The paragraphs treating of facts and
phenomena in animal and plant life are
generally better and less misleading than
those devoted to the mineral kingdom,
because the writer speaks of what scholars
see and handle in their walks ; but most
school children have little chance of observing
many of the things described in the chapter
devoted to the ' Builders of the Earth.'
This chapter (the title of which is unhappily
chosen) treats of the crust of the earth and
its constituents, but the arrangement adopted
by the author in this group of lessons seems
to us essentially unscientific, and the details
of several explanations are unquestionably
misleading, and in some cases incorrect.
SCHOOL-BOOKS.
Our English Totcns and Villages (Blackie)
is a reader by H. H. Wilton Hall, intended
to arouse interest in the past of England as
recorded in its earthworks, buildings, and
other traces of life in the past. The book
is meant, as the writer says, " to be sugges-
tive not exhaustive," and, beginning with
dwellers in caves and pits, goes on to a
period beyond the Reformation. Each
chapter is followed by a summary. We are
much pleased with the scheme and the wax-
in which it is carried out. But Mr. Hall
should not talk of " Peterhouse College."
The same firm continue to add to their
" English School Texts " books of real
interest, both in form and matter, such as
Walton's A ngler, Capt. Cook's Second Voyage,
and Holinshed's England in the Sixteenth
Century.
Gateways to History, Books I. -VI., ha\e
been sent to us by Mr. Edward Arnold.
The first book tells us of notable English
people from Bede to Queen Victoria! So
w e proceed through ' I leroes of Many Lands,'
' Men of England ' (with special reference to
Wales), ' Men of Britain,' ' Wardens of
Empire,' and ' Britain as Part of Europe*1
to the last book 'The Pageant of^the
576
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4098, May 12, 1906
Empires.' wfaiefa is a sketch of the history of
the world. The volumes are well illustrated,
and in each case simplicity of language has
been successfully attained, while the choice
of incidents supplied is good. Book VI.
was undoubtedly the most difficult of the
series to write, and the author has done well
in laying stress on the personal side of his
narrative : e.g., he tells us what Julius Caesar
was like and what he wore. A reference to
Virgil makes Tennyson call him " Man-
tuovan." It should be Mantovano.
We notice that two of Messrs. Jarrold's
books have attained considerable success :
The King's English and How to Write It is in
an eighth edition, and Points in Punctuatioyi
is in a third. Both guides are the joint work
of Mr. John Bigott and Mr. A. J. Lawford
Jones, whose honours in English are rather
grossly exhibited on the cover of each book.
The information supplied is practical and
sensible on the whole, but the judgment and
statements of the authors are occasionally
open to dispute. They note that " many
writers use the semicolon to separate principal
sentences when a full stop would be pre-
ferable."' On the contrary, the general
practice of to-day is to use the full stop on
many occasions where some other stop would
be better. " Telegraphese," a popular dialect,
is the result.
.4 Grammar of the German Language. By
G. H. Clarke and C. J. Murray, (Cambridge,
University Press.) — In character this work
approaches the older type of grammar
rather than that which, under the influence
of the modern methods of teaching, has
become common within the last few years.
It avoids, however, as far as possible, the
burdensome accumulation of hard-and-fast
rules, attempting, with some measure of
success, to make careful reading rather than
memorizing the main object of the scholar ;
and it pays due attention to the colloquial
as distinct from the classical and literary
language. The authors have evidently
taken considerable pains over their work, yet
the result is not altogether satisfactory.
We hardly know for what class of students
the book is specially adapted : for the be-
ginner it is too large and not sufficiently
succinct, and for the scholar who has made
some progress in the subject a grammar
based on more strictly scientific methods
would, we think, be of greater value. The
historical side of the subject is inadequately
dealt with, and several points of importance
seem to receive somewhat superficial treat-
ment. The volume is excellently printed
and produced.
The Latin Hexameter : Hints for Sixth
Forms, by S. E. Winbolt (Blackie), is a
cheaper and simpler issue of a bigger book.
It is eminently practical, picking out the
niceties which make the Virgilian line so
flexible in effect and arrangement. Blank
pages are inserted throughout for the addi-
tion of further examples, and the whole is
intended for a course of six terms.
In Messrs. Blackie's " Latin Texts " we
have Virgil : ^Eneid VII., VIII., and IX.
These booklets are decidedly cheap at six-
pence, and supply a brief but adequate
introduction, and a few textual variants at
the bottom of the page, in which it is pleasant
to see the name of Servius.
Greek Reader, Vol. II. (Oxford, Clarendon
I'ress). has been selected and adapted with
English notes by Mr. E. C. Marchant from
the * (h-ieclhsches Lesebuch ' of Wilamowitz-
Moellendorff, who chose what should be
read on account of its interest and the im-
portance of its subject. The ' Reader,' in
fact, provides an escape from the tedium
of Xenophon and Euripides studied at too
early a stage. The introductions to each
piece, translated by Mr. Marchant from
the German, are admirably vivid, and we
welcome the little book as a sign that the
teaching of the classics is not tied up by
tradition. The editor's final paragraph as
to the limited range of teachers echoes a
protest we have often made ourselves. The
subjects here presented include ^Esop,
Pericles, ' Customs of the Celts,' and ' The
Theory of Vacuum.'
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Glasgow Men and Women, by A. S. Boyd
(Hodder & Stoughton), is a handsome volume
and a fine specimen of printing, which should
have more than a local success. It is, as
the interesting Introduction explains, a
" little reminiscent show," with a " running
commentary by the showman," dealing with
the period of the eighties. The sketches here
appeared in Quiz (defunct) and The Baillie,
which still supplies keen and humorous
criticism of Glasgow life. Mr. Boyd's pic-
tures in black and white are both veracious
and humorous, and we recognize notabilities
of the past and the present, of Scotland and
of the Empire. The artist's work is piquant,
but always good-humoured, like his easy
narrative. His character-sketches at the
end of town and country scenes and inci-
dents will appeal to everybody. The early
fashions of dress give something of the
dignity of history to this sketchbook, and,
indeed, Mr. Boyd's range is wide enough
to make it a valuable document for the
social history of the future.
Things Indian : being Discursive Notes
on Various Subjects connected with India.
By William Crooke. (John Murray.) — At
the outset we are told that
"this book is intended to form one of the series
which already includes 'Things Chinese,' by Dr.
J. D. Ball, and 'Things Japanese,' hy Professor
B. H. Chamberlain It has been my object to
search in the by-ways of Anglo-Indian literature,
and discuss some of the quaint and curious matters
connected with the country which are not specially
considered in the ordinary books of reference."
Thus the author defines his task, to under-
take which he was encouraged by the study
necessary for the preparation of a new
edition of Yule and Bunnell's ' Anglo-Indian
Glossary.' That most valuable work was,
as might be expected from its principal
author, learned in the first place, discursive
or desultory in the second ; the present
volume reverses this order. It deals with
a vast variety of subjects pleasantly through-
out, in many cases supplying useful in-
formation ; in others the treatment is in-
adequate. In the article ' Agriculture,' an
excellent one, " the pastoral type of culture "
is contrasted with agriculture. The phrase
seems strange, for the early inhabitants
grazed their flocks on uncultivated land —
were wandering shepherds, in contrast to
the farmers or cultivators who succeeded
them. Again, bison are mentioned as being
driven into pitfalls in' the Central Provinces ;
as a fact the bison does not exist in India,
though the name is misapplied by Madras
custom. On p. 8 the Burmese War of 1845
is alluded to ; there were Burmese wars in
1824 and 1852. On p. 76 breeds of riding-
camels are mentioned — one more enduring
than the other, " but not its equal in seed " ;
whilst on p. 214 the " feast of Ramazan "
is described. On p. 344 Malbrook se vat'en
querre ; p. 411, 1. 21, "hold" for holds;
p. 418, cycloseros for cycloceros ; and p. 419,
'" Moorcraft " for Moorcroft, will be found.
These are small matters, but may with
advantage be set right when opportunity
offers.
School and Sport. By Tom Collins. (Elliot
Stock.) — The important words in the title
of this book should have been transposed,
for it contains much more about sport than
school. We took up the volume thinking it
to be a work on education, and found — not
altogether to our disappointment — that the
larger part of it, and we are inclined to think
the more readable part of it, deals with
various phases of sport by land and water.
Mr. Collins was engaged in educational
work for forty-one years, during thirty-three
of which he was head master of the Haber-
dashers' Company's school at Newport, in
Shropshire : he seems to have been a rational
and successful schoolmaster, but, unless his
own book belies him, his keenest and most
abiding interest was in matters appertaining
to gun and rod. He certainly has a ready
pen, and tells numerous amusing stories,
both of " school and sport," with skill and
point ; many of them, however, are of
venerable antiquity, and those of his college
life must be familiar to many old Cam-
bridge men. In the telling of anecdotes
Mr. Collins exhibits a rather unpleasing lack
of reserve in mentioning names and giving
details of his domestic life. The expediency
of publishing the volume is doubtful. If
the book were found at a Norwegian station,
it would pleasantly enough while away
tedious minutes devoted to changing horses j
but it is hardly worthy of serious perusal,
and the unexpected juxtaposition of topics
— for instance, of public-houses and funerals,
of old-age pensions and pike — tends to
render impressions on the reader's mind
evanescent. The author's opinions con-
cerning school punishments, athletics, &c.
— matters which came within the scope of
his long and varied professional experience
— deserve respectful attention ; they are
sound and judicious, but they are already
the common property of educational thinkers
and experts ; while his news concerning
Freemasonry, old-age pensions, municipal
work, sewerage schemes, &c. — we were on
the point of saying concerning things in
general — to which one or two chapters are
devoted, will carry but slight weight, although
they are always neatly, and sometimes
quaintly expressed.
Studies in Roman History. By E. G.
Hardy. (Sonnenschein & Co. ) — Some twelve
or thirteen years ago Dr. Hardy pub-
lished a small volume on ' Christianity and
the Roman Government,' which, coming
from a recognized Oxford authority on the
Roman Empire at a time when fresh interest
had been aroused in the subject by t he-
writings of Neumann, Mommsen. and Prof.
Ramsay, had a well - deserved success.
In the interval Dr. Hardy's eyesight has
failed, and he has decided to republish that
work with some alterations, and added a
number of his scattered papers, which
occupy rather more than half of the new-
volume.
As the merits of the first ten chapters
were adequately recognized in these columns
on their first appearance, we shall confine
our attention to the remaining six.
They deal with the following subjects re-
spectively : ' Legions in the Pannonian
Rising,' ' Movements of the Legions from
Augustus to Severus,' ' The Provincial
Concilia from Augustus to Diocletian,'
' Imperium Consulare or Proconsul are,'
' Plutarch, Tacitus, and Suetonius, on Galba
and Otho,' and ' A Bodleian MS. of Pliny's
Letters to Trajan.' The first of these refutes
Mommsen 'a opinion that Augustus retained
only eighteen legions during the greater
part of his principate, and is a very favourable
N°4098, May 12, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
577
specimen of Dr. Hardy's powers. He joins
to first-hand acquaintance with historical
documents a knowledge of modern discus-
sions and a power of ratiocination, with a
fund of common sense. The second essay is
an epitome of all Rome's wars in the period
indicated. The work of Pfitzner, which some
have been inclined to follow blindly, is
shown to be anything but a safe guide, and
the proofs of that author's defects are
enough to give this chapter permanent
value. It is also provided with a series of
tables indicating in detail the province?
where the legions were quartered at par-
ticular periods. Only the historical investi-
gator knows how useful it is to have trust-
worthy information on a point like this.
The provincial concilia form the subject of
the next chapter. They are rarely mentioned
in literature, but had a distinct importance
in the imperial system. It was they, for
instance, who organized the prosecution of
extortionate governors. The author goes
through the provinces one by one, and collects
the available evidence for these councils, or
Koivd, as they were called in the Eastern
provinces. We miss a reference to the
•yepovalai, which were common in Asia
Minor ; perhaps Dr. Hardy regards these
as mere private clubs. The omission of the
case of Marius Priscus (p. 280) amongst the
governors prosecuted by the provincials is
strange, especially as his case is referred to
by Juvenal : the " three cases " thus become
four. " Acomnia " on p. 264 should be
Acmonia ; " in many cases " (p. 266)
should be always, a concilium without a
common cult being inconceivable; "lysiarch"
should be lyciarch (p. 267) ; " quinquefus-
calis " (p. 277) should be quinqucfascalis ;
" Cythmus " (p. 278) should be Cythnus ;
the Greek is badly printed here and all
through the book.
In the next chapter a very difficult ques-
tion of Roman government is discussed,
namely, whether that part of the imperium
of Augustus which corresponded to the
imperium of a consul was really consular or
proconsular. The decision is given against
the view taken by Prof. Pelham ; but
the question is of too technical a character
to be discussed here. The next chapter is
of a different sort, but masterly of its kind
— a discussion of the interrelation between
the tliree sources for the lives of Galba and
Otho. The great resemblances between
Plutarch and Tacitus are due to the fact
that they used a common source, namely,
the Elder Pliny. Suetonius also used this
source, but had others at command. Most
of § 23 (p. 313) might, we think, be omitted :
to say that a thing took place on the Palatine
Hill and that it occurred in front of the
temple of Apollo is almost the same tiling.
On. p. 316 the reader might have been re-
minded that the ' Annals ' of Tacitus were
written subsequently to the ' Histories,'
though treating an earlier period. In this
chapter " Vipsanus " (p. 325) should be
Vipstanus ; on p. 327 " passports " is hardly
a correct translation for diplomata ; a
note should have been added explaining
what diplomata are, or else a reference to
the author's own edition of Pliny's letters
to Trajan.
The last chapter is a record of ono of
Dr. Hardy's greatest discoveries, that of
the only existing manuscript of the corre-
spondence between Pliny the Younger and
Trajan. We call special attention to this
chapter, as although it is indispensable
to every reader of Pliny's letters, it has
been neglected in the highest quarters.
T he late C. F. W. Miiller, of Breslau, one of
the greatest Latin scholars of the nineteenth
or any century, published in 1903 an edition
of Pliny's letters, in the preface of which
appear the following words with reference
to the manuscript authority for the Pliny-
Trajan correspondence : " Nunc Oxonii
codicem inventum esse audio." The editor
had English friends who could have told
him the facts, had he so desired. Appa-
rently he was a victim to the German notion
— now getting old-fashioned — that England
could produce little of value. Nemesis has
followed, because his text would have been
considerably improved had he taken the
trouble to investigate the report and read
Dr. Hardy's article. As it is, the advantage
is left to the American Prof. Merrill, who has
an edition of Pliny's letters in preparation.
We have said enough to show that the
present volume is indispensable to all serious
students of the Roman Empire.
The Story and Song of Black Roderick. By
Dora Sigerson. (De La More Press.) — This
is a tale in prose and verse, and, as a specimen
of that somewhat difficult style of narrative,
not altogether satisfactory. It tells of Earl
Roderick and his bride, whose heart was
broken by his coldness and neglect, and how,
after her death, seeing his repentance, she
forfeited the joys of paradise for a while that
she might draw his soul out of hell. Though
the author cannot be said to have chosen for
herself any definite model, she has not been
able to resist such phrases as "So shall I
begin and tell," and " But of what befell
him I shall now sing to thee, lest thou weary
of my prose " — mannerisms which might be
well enough if found in the age of ' Aucassin
and Nicolette,' but not to be commended in
these days, for what is pleasant naivete,
natural in writers of old time, is apt, with
moderns, to savour of self-consciousness and
affectation. The prose portions of the
story seem to us more careful work than the
verse ; they contain much that is beautiful,
and the author's undoubted poetical talent
is evident in them, though such a strained
expression as " the cry keened and called "
does not please us, and the obvious remi-
niscence of " Now went she to the golden
bar of heaven, and, leaning forth, looked
down upon the earth," might well have been
avoided. The verse, on the other hand, ex-
cept for a stanza here and there which has
caught the real spirit of ballad metre, is
not remarkable, and seems to have suffered
for the sake of the prose. The result is
disappointing, and it is possible that the
author would have been more successful in
her story if she had not chosen this form, of
which the apparent facility constitutes its
greatest danger.
Malay Beliefs. By R. J. Wilkinson.
(Luzac & Co.) — Mr. Wilkinson's ' Malay
13eliefs ' is the first of a series of brief treatises
on the Peninsular Malays, and is intended
for Civil Service cadets. The author aims,
not at instructing the Malayan specialist,
but at informing the Civil Servant, and at
awakening his intelligent sympathy with
the people among whom he finds himself.
The task which Mr. Wilkinson has set
himself he accomplishes well; his style is
excellent ; his attitude is friendly, tolerant,
and worthy of imitation. The veneer of
Malayan religion is Islamite ; beneath are
animism and magic. To convert a Malay to
Christianity is as difficult, we learn, as to
convert to history and common sense a
British believer in Anglo-Israel. The Malay
and the Anglo-Israelite reason solely from
authoritative principles, which cannot be
shaken. However, tho business of the Civil
Servant is not to convert the Malayans, but
to understand them. The " pillars " of
their faith arc lucidly and briefly explained ;
no Samson is wanted among those pillars.
The Civil Servant must not be surprised
to find that devoutness, in a Malay, is not
necessarily synonymous with probity. Islam
has put an end to widow-burning, and
abolished what is worst in caste ; but in
doing so it has inevitably shaken old cus-
tomary law, and, while preserving women
from the funeral pyre, has lowered their
social status. The ancient animism has
been tolerated, just as much paganism
was tolerated, under a new guise, by the
early mediaeval Church. The Four Spirits
of the Sea survive as the Four Archangels ;.
and there is a mixture of Hindu gods,
nymphs, fairies, and ogres. The Minngah
tree of certain Australian tribes flourishes
as the life token of its owner ; so does the
Yunbeai, or familiar of the sorcerer. Men
become tigers, not were-wolves ; and cats
must become tigerish too, owing to tho
belief that to dowse a cat with cold water
causes rain. The smaller chevrotin takes
the place of Brer Rabbit as a master of guile.
Second sight exists, but is rather uncommon.
The Finnish belief that knowledge of the
mythical origin of anything gives magical
power over it prevails, as in the ' Kalewala ' ;
much turns on knowledge of the origin of
iron. The magic is more usually spiri-
tualistic than " sympathetic " : here Mr.
Wilkinson differs from Mr. Skeat. British
law has not the sanctity of the old native
lawr : to break it is not to be wicked.
The average Briton, it seems, is as heedless
as usual of native prejudices, such as
patriotism, self-respect, loyalty, courtesy,,
and, of course, " love of study for its own
sake." It would do a Briton no harm to
imitate these prejudices in his own manner,
and to respect them in the Malays.
Sesame and Lilies appears, by permission
of Mr. George Allen, in the " Belles-Lettres
Series " of the " Royal Library " (A. L.
Humphreys). It is a peculiarly appropriate
addition, in that this work contains Ruskin's
plea for his ideal of " a royal series of books,"
which it is the professed aim of the " Royal
Library " to realize. As we have learnt to
expect, the volume is all that can be desired,
" a valuable book " and " printed in excellent
form, for a just price " ; while the extra-
ordinary clearness of the type is not the least
of its merits.
Mr. H. R. Allenson has produced a third
selection of Twelve Sermons by F. »W.
Robertson, encouraged by the demand for
the previous issue of the preacher's work.
This selection costs only sixpence, and is
printed in large, clear type. We are glad to
think that such striking exposition of the
Bible is within the reach of all. In the same
"Sixpenny Series" we notice that i Prof.
Momerie's ' Immortality ' has reached its
twentieth thousand, and ' In Relief of Doubt,"
by Mr. R. E. Welsh, its fortieth thousand.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Thetiogy.
Anwyl (E.), Celtic Religion, l net.
Barnes-Lawrence (A. K.), The Holy Communion, 1/8 not.
Burnett (L. !>.), Hinduism, l/net.
Heck (\v.). The Sacraments of the Gospel, l B
Daubney (W. H.), The Three Additions bo Daniel, B net.
Goodfellow (.).), The Print of His shoe: Missionary Ex-
perience in the Southaide of Edinburgh, 1 ii net.
Kinnear(J. B.), The Foundations of Religion, :t ii
Morris (LA The Silence and the Shadows, :'. net.
overtoil (.1. H.) and Helton < i\ >, The English Church, 1714-
iaoo, ~ a
Pinches (\\ i;.\ The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria,
l/net
Sedgwick (8. N.), The story of the Apocryph
Wesley's Revision of the Shorter Catechism, by the I
J. A. Macdonald, 2 t> net.
White (('. L), Saint Benedict : Joseph Lihro, Votary of
Holy Poverty and Pilgrim, 1 <>
Wilson ("sir (.'. \\'".), Golgotha and the Holy Sepulchre, 6/
Fine Art and Archaeology,
Berks. Pucks, and Oxon Archaeological Journal, April, 1AJ.
Busholl(S. \V.), Chinese Art, Vol II.. 1 8
578
THE ATHENiEUM
N°4098, May 12, 1906
Hill (O. PA Historical Greek coin-. mo net
Huitj (J. 6.1 The Rise and Kill of Reading Abbey. 2.0 net.
McKaj (W. n. i. The Scottish School "f Painting, 7 B oat.
Etembrandt, Part \ .. 2 0 net
Royal Academy Pi< tures, 1000, Pari I.. 74 net
Wall (K. .1.) and Ward iH- *.), The Photographic Picture
Post Card, i net
Poetry and Drama.
Bancroft (li). Poems, l net
Beaumont and Fletcher : Works, Vol. III., edited by A. R.
Waller. I B net
Crabbe(0.). Poems, Vol. IL, edited by A. W. Wanl. 4 ■<; net
Fletcher (JCj, "I lit- Faithful Shepherdess, Libretto, 6d. net
Orindrod (('. P.), Songs from the Classics, S B net
LydgatefJ.), The Assemble of Goddes, it Bnet
Rothschild (J. A. l>c), Shakespeare and his Day, 6/ net
Til-ton ('l'.), Dramatic, Lyrical, ami Idyllic Poems, 6/ net
Music.
Lirerpool students' Song-Book, 2/8 net.
Bibliography.
Book-Auction Records, edited by F. Karslake, Vol. III.,
Part 2.
Philosophy,
Dickinson (G. L), The Meaning of Good : a Dialogue,
Third Edition, 4 0 net.
Political Economy.
Armitage-Smith (Ci.), Principles and Methods of Taxation, './
Sherman (\\ 11.), Cm. a Studies i;i American Citizenship
4. net.
History and Biography.
Addison (A. C.) and Matthews (W. H.), A Deathless Story,
or the Birkenhead and its Heroes, 6/
Fitchett (Rev. \V. 11.), Wesley and his Century, 0/ net
Guard (P. F.), A short History of Roman Law, translated
by A. II. F. I.efroy and .1. H. Cameron.
Hamilton (W. T.), My" Sixty Years on the Plains: Trapping,
Trading, tec., 7 6 net.
Hare (('.), A Queen of Queens and the Making of Spain, 10/6
Harris (.1. II.), Cornish Saints and Sinners, 0/
Lucy (H. \\\). The Balfourian Parliament, 1900-1905, illus-
trated by B. T. Reed and Phil May, 10 0 net.
Macintosh (J.). Life of Robert Burns, 2 0 net.
.MKerlie (P. H.), History of the Lands and their Owners in
Calloway, 2 vols., New Edition, 25 net.
Martin (sir T.), Monographs: Garrick, Macready, Rachel,
and Baron Stockmar, 12 net.
Navy Records Society : First Dutch War, Vol. III.
Newboult (A. W.), Padri Elliott of Faizabad, 3/8
Skrine (F. H.), Fontenoy and Great Britain's Share in the
War of the Austrian Succession, 21/ net.
Geography ami Travel.
Conway (Sir M.), No Man's Land, 10/6 net.
Sports and Pastimes.
Armstrong (A. C.) and Inglis (H. R.), short Spins round
London, 2/ net.
Edgeworth-Johnstone (W.), Boxing : the Modern System
of Glove Fighting, 2 6 net.
Knight (A. E.), The Complete Cricketer, 7/6 net.
Trowsdale (T. B.), The Cricketer's Autograph Birthday
Book, 6/
Education.
Egerton (H.), Notes on the Education Bill of 1906, 1/
Pli Oology.
Midler (F. Max), The German Classics, revised by F.
Liechtenstein, Vol. L, S/6 net. ; Vol. II. , 5/6 net ; Pro-
peitius, translated by J. S. PluTlimore, 3/6 net ; Tacitus,
Annals, Books I.-VL, translated by A. V. Svmonds,
3 0 net.
Terry (E. G.), Chinese Simplified, 2/6
School-Books.
Bell's First French Reader, by R. P. Atherton and F. Gal-
Ladeveze, 1/
Bigott (J.) and Jones (A. J. L), The King's English and
How to Write It, Eighth Edition, 1/6 net; Points in
Punctuation, Third Edition, l net.
Dumas (A.), La Tulipe Noire, 1/6 net.
Euripides, Alcestis, translated by H. Hynaston, l/net.
Jones (A. C.) and Blomfleld (C. IL), Test Papers in Ele-
mentary Mathematics. 2 (i
Latter (L. R.), School Gardening, 2/6 net
Marchant(E. C), Greek Reader, Vol. IL, 2/
Pendlebury (C.) and Robinson (F. E.), Junior Arithmetic,
1 B without Answers; 2 with Answers.
Sewell (A.), Black Beauty, New Edition, 1/6
Sbakapeare: Select Scenes and Passages from English His-
torical Plays, 1<>c(.
Science.
Andrews (C. \V.), A Descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary
Vertebrata of the Fayum, 35/
Collett (A.), A Handbook of British Inland Birds, 6/
Elms(K. I-'. M.), A Pocket-Book of British Birds, 2/6
Powlet (C R.), A Treatise on Surgery, 03/ net.
Harvard University: Annals of Mathematics: April, 2/ net
Howe (H. A.). A Study of the Sky, 2 (i
Lack (IL I..), The Diseases of tlie Nose and its Accessory
Cavities, _•">
Lecture- on the Method of Science, edited by T. B. Strong,
7/6 net
Millin (G. FA Pictorial Gardening, 3/6 net
Paul (C P.), Nursing in the Acute Infectious Fevers, 4/net.
Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge: A Continuous
Record of Atmospheric Nucleation, by C. Barua.
Sue*s(E), The Face of the Earth, translated by H. B. C.
Sol las. Vol. II. , -25/ net
Taylor (II. ('.), An Introduction to the Study of Agricultural
Economics, 6/ net.
Wilcox (s. s.), Essentials of Genito-Urinary and Venereal
Diseases, 4/ net
J in-,' nib' Books.
Davidson (L. c.), Uncle Joshuas Heiress, 2/6
Edgar (M.), Stories from Scottish Historv, selected from
Scott's 'Tales of a Grandfather,' 2/6 net.
Jacberns (R.), The Not Pupil, 2 ti
General Literature.
Albanesi (Madame), A Young Man from the Country, 6/
Bosjinqiiet (II. ), The Standard of Life and other Reprinted
Essays, s.,6 net
Boyle'i Court Guide, May, 1006, 6 net
Brooke (HA The Fool of Quality, ft net
Buntina (H. A.), The Standard English and Foreign
Calculator of Money, Weights, andMeasures baaed on
the Metric Svsteui, 10 Tables, 3 6 net; 20 Tables,
10/6 net
Clarke (LA Murray of the Scot- Greys, 8
Oompton (11. ), The Undertaken' Field, 6/
Documents illustrating Elizabethan Poetry, by sir Philip
Sidney and Others, edited by L Magnus, 2/6
Emerson's English Traits, »w.
Ford (IL), The Art of Extempore Speaking, Sixth Edition,
2 (i net.
Fowler (E. T.), In Subjection, 6/
Franklin (B.), Writings: Vol. VI. 1773 0, 12/0 net
Gavaasn (M.), In the Frock of a Priest, 6/
Glyn (K.), Beyond the Rocks, 6/
Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield, Introduction by Richard
Oarnett. 1/6 net.
Grubbins (W.j, The Tatar Disees, and other Essays, Col-
lated by C. T. Druery, 2/8 net.
Hall (P. F.), Immigration, and its Effects upon the United
Suites.
How to Shave Yourself, by an Expert, (id. net.
Hutchinson's Popular Classics : Bret Harte's Tales of the
Argonauts and Selected Verse; Lytton's Last Days of
Pompeii ; Darwin's The Origin of Species ; Leigh Hunt's
The Town ; Waterton's Wanderings in South America ;
Robert Browning's Poems, 2 vols., cloth, lOd. net each ;
lambskin, 1/6 net each.
India List and India Office List for 1906, 10/6
Jewish Encyclopedia: Vol. XII. Talinud-Zweifel — Guide
to the Encyclopedia, by J. Jacobs.
Jubainville (H. D'Arbois de), The Irish Mythological Cycle
and Celtic Mythology, translated by R. I. Best, 6/ net.
Latham (E), Famous Sayings and their Authors, Second
Edition, 7/6
Light on the Problems of Life : Suggestive Thoughts
gleaned from the Teaching of Basil Wilberforce, arranged
by M. B. Isitt, 3/6
London's Transformation, by Terns Dvvirta, 1/
Macilwaine (H. C), Anthonv Britten, 6/
Marchmont (A. W\), By Wit of Woman, 6/
Mitchell (S. W.), the Adventures of Francois, 2/6
Perrin (A.), Red Records, 6/
Rowlings (B. B.), A Story of Unrest, 4/6
Richmond (E.), In Youth, 2/6 net
Roberts (C. G. D.), Around the Camp Fire, 6/
Royal Blue Book : Court and Parliamentary Guide, May,
1906, 5/ net.
Royal Navv List and Naval Recorder, April, 10/
St. Barbe (R.), A Spanish Web, 6/
Sutcliffe (H.), A Benedick in Arcady, 6/
Tracy (L.), Heart's Delight, 6/
Walford (L. B ), A Fair Rebel, and other Stories, 6/
Wardman (E.), The Princess Olga, 6/
Wharton (E.), The Greater Inclination, 6/
Webster's Royal Red Book, May, 1906, 5/ net.
FOREIGN.
Theology.
Lahor (J.), Le Breviaire d'un Panthelste et le Pessimisme
keroi'que, 3fr.
Fine Art and Archaeology.
Daremberg (C), Saglio (E.), et Pottier (E.), Dictionnaire des
Antiquites grecques et romaines : Part XXXVIIL,
Paries-Pithos, 5fr.
Planat (P.), L'Art de Batir, Vol. III., 20fr.
Ritter (W.), Etudes d'Art etranger, 3fr. 50
Poetry and Drama.
Humiac (L. M. d'), Le Roi Grallon, 4fr.
Political Economy.
Boissonnade (P.), Les Etudes relatives a l'Histoire econo-
mique de la Revolution franeaise, 5fr.
History and Biography.
Daenell (E.), Die Bliitezeit der deutschen Hanse, 2 vols.,
20m.
Skirnir, I. Hefti. 1906, lkr.
Thoroddsen (Th.), Land skjalf tar a Islandi, II.
Thureau-Dangin (P.), Lit Renaissance catholique en Angle-
terre au XIX. Sie.de : Part III. 1365-92, 7fr. 50.
Science.
Roche (A. F. de la), Les Plantes bienfaisantes, 4fr.
General Literature.
Dorient (R.), Le Japon et la Politique franeaise, 3fr. 50.
Evrard (L.), Le Danger, 3fr. 50.
Rosny (J. II. ), Le Testament vole, 3fr. 50; La Fugitive,
3fr. 50.
*** All Books received at the Office up to Wednesday
Morning will lie included in this List unless preciously
noted. Publishers are requested to state prices when
sending Books.
CONFERENCE OF LIBRARY AND
EDUCATIONAL AUTHORITIES
AT BIRMINGHAM.
During the last few years the Library
Association has organized several confer-
ences between its members and representa-
tives of various bodies directing elementary
and secondary education. Reports were
presented at the annual meetings at New-
castle-upon-Tyne in 1904 and at Cambridge
in 1905, embodying the replies to a series
of questions which had been addressed to
public librarians, secretaries of University
Extension centres, and directors of public
education throughout the country. The
replies showed that nearly everywhere some
form of co-operation was to be found, and
that library committees and their librarians
were fully alive to the important part which
1 1n v wi re called upon to play in the education
of the community. In order to interest the
great centres outside London in this nv
ment, it was resolved to hold a further series
of conferences, and Birmingham was chosen
as the first place of meeting. Invitations
were issued to the councils of every county,
county borough, borough, and urban district,
together with every educational and library
authority in the Midland district, to consider
the important questions of (1) public libraries
and public education, and (2) new library
legislation. About 180 delegates assembled
in the City Council Chamber on Thursday
in last week at 2.30, when the Lord Mayor
of Birmingham (Councillor A. J. Reynold)
occupied the chair.
The Lord Mayor, in opening the proceed-
ings, said it was unnecessary to emphasize
the great influence in the direction of intel-
lectual advancement which free public
libraries had exercised since their establish-
ment just over fifty years ago. The libraries
at Birmingham were well used by some sec-
tions of the people, but not so well as they
might be by the poorer men and women of
the city. What wTas now wanted was to bring
the people to the books, and the Conference
should do something towards that end.
Mr. H. R. Tedder (Hon. Treasurer Library
Association) said he had been asked to give
a statement on the work and objects of the
Library Association, wdiich had now been
in existence for nearly thirty years. It
was no mere society of librarians. While
endeavouring to promote the general welfare
of librarians, it stood aloof from narrow and
selfish aims, and opposed any idea of turn-
ing its organization into professional trade
unionism. It was endeavouring to help
young librarians in their technical education,
and carried on writh success a system of
examination. It had been active in pro-
moting amendments and improvements in
the public-library law, and its montlily and
annual meetings had helped to raise the
standard of librarianship in this country.
Mr. Tedder went on to propose the following
resolution : —
" That as the public library should be recognized
as forming part of the national educational
machinery, it is desirable that children from an
early age should become accustomed to the use of
collections of books in special children's libraries,
and that advanced students should be able to
obtain in public libraries the principal books
recommended by various teaching bod
He said that the resolution contained tlnee
closely related propositions of a wide-reach-
ing character, which summed up a vast mass
of recommendations that had been addressed
to the Library Association from all parts of.
the United Kindgom.
The first proposition was one to which
they attached great importance, as it was the
main argument for the increased pecuniary
means for which all public libraries were
asking. No change in the present library
administration was proposed. The"J inten-
tion was not to alter or to hand over to any
other body the existing organization, but
heartily to co-operate with all those engaged
in education, and by exchanging views, and
acting as fellow-workers in a great common
cause, to increase the general usefulness of
the public library. Complaints were some-
times formulated that many public libraries
were little better than places for the circula-
tion of cheap fiction. The question of novel-
reading in public libraries was1 a delicate
subject, but all public librarians desired to
see their readers read the best literature, and
did their best to induce them to turn from
N° 4098, May 12, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
579
thej'exclusive perusal of fiction to the shelves
devoted to history, science, and philosophy.
Librarians and library committees were
anxious to help the work of University
Extension centres, of which some librarians
acted as local secretaries, while some libraries
lent rooms. Many libraries were associated
with the National Home Reading Union.
In many places lectures formed a regular
feature of the inducements to make use of
the library. These lectures were generally
of a popular character, dealing with technical,
scientific, or literary subjects ; all aimed at
directing attention to the books in the
libraries. In other ways serious reading
was encouraged.
The next proposition, that children from
an early age should become accustomed to
the use of collections of books in special
children's libraries, was equally important.
The early handling of books was an educa-
tional requisite entirely separate from the
mere practice of reading. Some rudiments
of bibliography should be made known to
all readers, young and old ; but by biblio-
graphy must be understood not the dry
technical signification of the term, but the
art of using books to the best advantage.
Since the passing of the Education Act of
1902 library authorities had shown great
activity in the formation of school libraries,
and in many cases the local education com-
mittee provided the funds, and the library
authority undertook the administration.
Public libraries were not intended as the
exclusive domain of adult readers. Children
must be trained in the habit of using books
as well as reading books, so that when
they arrived at riper years they might resort
to the public library as to a loved and familiar
home.
The third and last proposition was a
natural corollary of what had gone before.
Students ought to find in all well-equipped
public libraries the technical and standard
books recommended by their teachers.
Mr. R. Cary Gilson (Head Master King
Edward's Grammar School, Birmingham)
seconded the resolution, and spoke in
approval of the school library. If the
central institutions could do something for
the schools by lending them books for their
use, he thought it would be an important
gain. Mr. P. Cowell (Liverpool), Mr. Norris
Mathews (Bristol), Mr. W. H. Greenhough
(Reading), Mr. J. Ballinger (Cardiff), Mr.
R. K. Dent (Aston), and others continued
the discussion. Mr. A. H. Coley (Chairman
of the Birmingham Education Committee)
said that they had endeavoured to get the
children into direct contact with the library.
The main point was that the public library
should be recognized as forming part of the
national educational machinery. The diffi-
culty was to get children to take a real interest
in reading, and the schoolmaster could best
perform this part. The resolution was put
to the meeting, and declared to be carried
unanimously.
Councillor T. C. Abbott (Manchester)
proposed : —
" That this Conference is of opinion that the
time lias arrived for promoting legislation in
reference to the following objects, viz. : (a) to
empower county councils to put the Public
Libraries Acts into operation and to organize
library systems for the areas under their jurisdic-
tion ; {})) that, having regard to the increasing
demands made upon the resources of the public"
library authorities throughout the country during
recent years for educational work, it is of the
greatest importance that the Public Libraries Acts
should be amended SO as to remove the present
limitation of the library rate : (c) to exempt public
libraries from the payment of local rat
Alderman S. Edwards (Birmingham) seconded
the resolution, which was carried unani-
mously.
The proceeding terminated with a vote of
thanks to the Lord Mayor, proposed by the
Lord Mayor of Manchester, and seconded by
Mr. L. Stanley Jast (Croydon).
ARTHURIAN NOTES.
F Prof. R. Huntington Fletcher has just
issued a most serviceable account of ' The
Arthurian Material in the Chronicles, espe-
cially those of Great Britain and France '
(" Studies and Notes in Philology and
Literature," Vol. X., Boston, U.S., Ginn
& Co.). Prof. Fletcher's examination of
this material is thorough and methodical,
his discussion of the problems involved
eminently sane and well balanced. All
students will be grateful to him for a labo-
rious piece of work. Special attention may be
directed to the sections on Geoffrey, Wace,
and Layamon, and to the interesting account
of the way in which the Geoffrey story was
utilized by local French chroniclers.
Prof. A. L. Brown has followed up his
analysis of the first portion of Crestien's
' Iwain,' which I briefly noticed here
three years ago {Athenceum, August 22nd,
1903), by a discussion of the second portion
of the story. It was comparatively easy to
demonstrate that the first part of ' Iwain '
is a variant of the Celtic other-world visit
theme which occurs so frequently in early
Irish literature, and in bestowing the coup
de grace upon Prof. Foerster's fantastic
imaginings Prof. Brown was doing little
more than slay the slain. He now makes
out a very strong case in favour of regarding
the second portion likewise as largely a
working-up of incidents figuring in the other-
world visit. The Celtic character of Iwain's
lion is deduced from ' Tochmarc Emere,'
in which Cuchulainn is likewise accompanied
by a helpful lion. Prof. Brown at times
drives analogy a little too hard, but on the
whole he has established his case.
The concluding portion of M. Bedier's
admirable edition of the Tristan fragments
of Thomas (Societe des Anciens Textes)
contains a most masterly Introduction,
which should, if Englishmen cared anything
about the romantic literature of these
islands, arouse widespread interest in this
country. M. Bedier argues that all the
existing Tristan versions are derived from
one poem, which he claims to have been
written in England by an Anglo-Norman
during the first third of the twelfth century.
Whilst I cannot accept M. Btklier's view,
I wish to record my deep admiration for a
work, the learning, acuteness, and ingenuity
of which are only equalled by the fascinating
brilliancy of the author's style.
It is impossible to contrast what is being
done abroad, especially in America, for the
elucidation of Arthurian romance, and what
is being done in this country, without a
sense of profound humiliation. In America
half a dozen university professors, with
scores of willing and able pupils, are busily
investigating; Arthurian literature. In
Britain, Britain's chief contribution to the
imaginative treasure of humanity is abso-
lutely neglected at all our universities. If
it were not for Miss Weston's devoted and
self-sacrificing labours, England would have
to confess that she was utterly careless of
the fame of Arthur and his knights.
Alfred Nutt.
DUBLIN DEGREES FOR WOMEN.
The ' Notes from Dublin ' which you
published last week must have been read by
many of the women studying at the Uni-
versities of Cambridge and Oxford with
something of dismay — a dismay tempered,,
no doubt, with the hope that it is the Pro-
vost's views, and not those o: M., which
will carry the day at Trinity College. The
boon of the Dublin degree has been so
welcomed, so highly valued, by women
students here that they have been fondly
persuading themselves that Ti inity. College
would not withhold it alter '07. Aie they
to lose it just when its advantages are coming
to be most widely known and appreciated 2
— and because o: the very appreciation?
For M. indicates that if only wemenj had
applied for the degree in smaller numbers,
there would have been little cr no objection
to renewal of the favour. It is the " crowd "
of women " strangers " in the Theatre on
Commencement c!ajs that is the trouble.
Yet he wiites in no spirit of unfriendliness
to women students ; on the contrary, he
has only woids of welcome and of generous
praise for the sixty or more wemen who are
now studying at Dublin University, and
receiving degrees on he same teims as the
men students. But the dignity, the inde-
pendence, the individuality of Trinity College
seem to him to be imperilled by this large
granting of degrees 1 o persons not educated
with'n its precincts. This, no doubt, is a
very natural view ; and the Cambridge and
Oxford women students will feel that it is so,
and will deplore the fact that in availing
themselves ;o eagerly of the hospitality of
Trinity College tiny are becoming burden-
some to their hosts. But they can urge
that the burden is one which time is likely
to lighten. There has been a rush for the
Dublin degrees because of the '07 L'mit
assigned, and because of the long arrears
of degreeless women who had duly qualified
at Cambridge and Oxford. As these an ears
get cleared off the demand will moderate.
Besides, he Universities of Cambridge anel
Oxford must surely, in the long run, recognize
and remedy the injustice they are doing to
their women students in denying them the
badge of merit* however well it may have
been earned. To these women Dublin has
generously e:\tei ded a helping hand ; it
has done what it could to right the wrong
done them by their own universities. Surely
it will not now leave them in the lurch !
This is not the first time that Trinity College
has stepped forward in knightly fashion to
redress similar grievances arising from the
prejuelices and conservatism of the two great
English universities. In former days it-
granted degrees to the Dissenters to whom
Cambridge and Oxford denied them.
M. fears that the Dublin degrees will loso
" prestige " if they continue to be conferred
on the Cambrielge anel Oxford women
students. Why should they '! In; Cam-
bridge, from which most of the applicants
come, women can only enter for the Triposes,
or Honour examinations of the I Diversity.
Dublin must indeed be haughty if it. holds
that the standard set in Cambridge for
Honours is inferior to its own for passmen !
This fact, that only those women who have
duly qualified — as far as work goes — for
degrees at Cambridge and Oxford can get
them at Dublin, seems to dispose of the
charge, mentioned by M.. that Trinity College
is "selling its degrees" ; it is selling them
only as all universities sell them — that is. to
those who have earned them. If it granted
them, as some German universities elo. to
strangers upon a merely nominal test, it
would be a different matter.
Considering; these things, wo cannot but
earnestly hope that the helping hand which
Trinity College has extended to women
students on this side the water, and which.
-,so
THE ATHEN^UM
N°4098, May 12, 1906
apparently, they have only too eagerly
clasped, may !><• held out to them yet a Little
longer, until they have secured a fairer
foo ing on English ground.
M\ in \\'\i:i>,
.Moral Science Tripos, Cambridge.
(iridium: L. Ki.i.ks,
Nut. S<-i. Tripos, l't. Land II.. D.Se. Dublin.
Helen db (■. Ykukai.l,
Class. Trip. Cambridge, B.A. Dublin.
Grace K. Mebson,
Math. Tripos Cambridge, B.A. Dublin.
ICitrranj (Scssip.
A new novel by Mr. Horace G. Hutch-
inson, entitled ' Amelia and the Doctor,'
will be published by Messrs. Smith, Elder
& Co. next Friday. It is a story of early
Victorian life in a quiet country town,
the predominant interest in which lies in
the flavour of the characters and the
deliberately old-fashioned plot.
On the same date and from the same
publishers will come a volume entitled
' Heroes of Exile : being certain Rescued
Fragments of Submerged Romance,' by
Mr. Hugh Clifford. This consists of a
series of sketches and narratives of the
men who, living on the frontier, do so
much to build the Empire.
Mr. Unwin has in the press a ' Short
History of Wales,' by Prof. Owen Edwards.
The work aims first at giving the ordinary
reader a simple and intelligent outline of
the history of Wales, and secondly at pro-
viding the Welsh schools with a volume
which can be used as a general reading-
book or textbook of Welsh history.
' Persia by a Persian ' is the title of a
new work by Dr. Isaac Adams, announced
by Mr. Elliot Stock. Dr. Adams is a
medical missionary, and in this work
narrates his experiences of life in Persia,
giving much interesting information con-
cerning the customs and social and reli-
gious life of the inhabitants.
Mr. Andrew Lang has recast for pub-
lication as a separate volume his papers
on the portraits and jewels of Mary Stuart
which have appeared in recent numbers
of The Scottish Historical Review. Addi-
tional illustrations have been secured, and
the work will contain engravings of por-
traits of Queen Mary which Mr. Lang
considers genuine. The book will be pub-
lished next week by Messrs. MacLehose &
Sons, of Glasgow, in a limited edition.
The Worshipful Company of Gold-
smiths have presented 5,000£. to the
University of Cambridge, to be applied
to the present needs of the University
Library.
The death is announced on Saturday
last, at the Grove, Stanmore, of Eliza
Brightwen, in her seventy-sixth year.
Mrs. Brightwen was never a strong woman,
and when she was left a widow she settled
down quietly to the study of natural
history at her charming place at Stanmore,
which adjoins the common. It was a
paradise of animals and birds, who were
left to roam about as they liked, and Mrs.
Bright wen's first book. ' Wild Nature
Hon by Kindness' (1890), happily ex-
presses her methods. By this, at the age
of sixty, she won immediate success, and
henceforth published a -.lies of volumes
recording her observations of natural
history. The last of these was ' Quiet
Hours with Nature,' published in 1904.
For more than thirty years t he companion-
ship of the animal world was her constant
solace and delight, and the ease and sim-
plicity of her writing commended her
books to many readers.
Messrs. Macmillan & Co. will publish
very shortly a small volume by Lord
Redesdale, containing his account of the
recent Garter mission to Japan.
By the death of Dr. E. C. Maclure,
Dean of Manchester, we lose an able man,
who on the Manchester School Board
and in various other educational positions,
did valuable work. Dr. Maclure was
a militant Churchman of the old type.
We regret also to notice the death, at
Glasgow, in his sixty-third }^ear, of the Rev.
Henry Gray Graham, whose ' Social Life
in Scotland in the Eighteenth Century '
(2 vols., 1899) and ' Scottish Men of Letters
in the Eighteenth Century ' (1901) were
favourably noticed in our columns at the
time of publication. Mr. Graham had
an almost unrivalled acquaintance with
the literature and social life of Scotland
during the eighteenth century, and his
collection of books and prints illustrating
that period is probably one of the finest
in existence. Mr. Graham furnished the
Rousseau volume for Messrs. Blackwood's
" Foreign Classics for English Readers."
He had been minister of Hyndland Estab-
lished Church, Glasgow, since 1884.
Amongst other articles in CJiambers 's
Journal for June there will be ' Remi-
niscences of the Congo Conference of
1884—5,' by Sir Augustus W. L. Hemming,
one of the British delegates. Mr. E.
Govett writes of ' Replicas and Copies of
Great Renaissance Paintings ' ; and Mr.
Alfred W. Rees of ' Bird Life in a Western
Valley.' The Rev. A. E. Robertson deals
with ' Alpine Mountaineering in Scotland,'
and tells the true narrative of the accident
in which he nearly lost his life on Ben
Nevis last year.
Mr. A. J. Butler writes : —
" The reviewer of ' Elizabeth Montagu '
in the last Athenaeum seems puzzled at a
writer in 1742 treating January 1st as the
first day of the year. I fancy this was no
new thing in England. For all but official
purposes, January 1st seems to have been
regarded as New Year's Day as early as the
sixteenth century. The quaint thing is
that a man writing on January 1st, 1580,
as we should say, will call it ' New Year's
Day, 1579.' "
An important item of bibliographical
news comes from the United States this
week, to the effect that Joseph Sabin's
' Dictionary of Books relating to America,
from its Discovery to the Present Time,'
is to be completed within the next two
years, the Carnegie Institute having made
a generous grant for the purpose. This
great undertaking was the life-work of
Joseph Sabin, who died in 18S0, leaving
bis ' Dictionary ' (of which the first part-
appeared in 1868) unfinished. It was
continued dining the next eleven years by
Mr. Wilberforee Kaine- ; hut it was again
suspended in 189:2. the nineteenth volume
and a small portion of the twentieth (which
includes a part only of the many " Smith "
entries) being finished. Mr. Eames has
now been induced to resume the work,
and expects to bring it to completion in
six or eight octavo volumes, within the
two years insisted upon by the Carnegie
Institute. Mr. Joseph F. Sabin, son of
the author, will act as publisher.
Messrs. Puttick & Simpson are selling
on Monday next and the following day
books from the libraries of the late T. C.
Chown, the late Joseph Day, and others.
We note many books in good bindings ;
" The Badminton Library," 28 vols.,
large paper, and numerous other items
on sport; 'Vanity Fair Album,' 1869 to
1901, 33 vols. ; some first editions of Scott,
Thackeray, Dickens, and other writers ;
a collection relating to Swedenborg ; and
some fine early-printed books and auto-
graph letters.
The Women's Tribune, a new weekly
paper at twopence, is to appear shortly.
It will be edited by Miss Nora Vynne, and
will deal primarily with economic and
political topics as affecting women.
The current Nineteenth Century is a
number of exceptional interest. Note-
worthy are articles on ' The Future of
Shakespearean Research,' by Mr. Sidney
Lee, and on ' The Vocation of the Jour-
nalist,' by Mr. D. C. Banks.
English scholars may like to have
early notice that the Congres Prehistorique
de France meets this year at Vannes on
August 21st. They can get all informa-
tion from Dr. Marcel Baudouin. Secretaire
general du Comite a Paris, 21, Rue Linne.
After having issued a ' Histoire de
l'Eclairage des Rues de Paris,' M. Eugene
Def ranee, the general secretary of the
society of " Conferences Populaires," an-
nounces for immediate publication an
exhaustive account of ' La Corporation
des Barbiers, Perruquiers, Coiffeurs, et
Coiffeuses,' which should be interesting.
It will have about 150 curious engravings,
illustrated address cards, advertisements,
and so forth. The work is printed at the
Imprimerie Nationale at Paris, and will
have a preface by M. Arthur Christian,
the director of that institution.
Prof. Althof, whose death in his
fifty-second year is announced from
Weimar, was a great-grandson of the poet
Burger. His valuable edition of the
' Waltharilied,' which included a German
translation of the Latin text, established
his reputation as a scholar. Among his
other works were a grammar of Anglo-
Saxon proper names, and a life of Charle-
magne.
The Preussische Historische Institut in
Rome has, according to its recently issued
annual report, a satisfactory year's work
to look back upon. It has published
several important volumes as the result
N°4098, May 12, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
581
of examination of Italian archives and
libraries, and has undertaken research
work of a very extensive nature for
seventy-eight foreign scholars who applied
to it for information. The valuable
library has been increased by 2,257
volumes.
The death, in his sixty-third year, is
announced from Berlin of W. Polstorff,
the editor of Kladderadatsch , the widely
known comic paper.
The Parliamentary Papers of the most
general interest to our readers this week
:are Statement showing Number of
Voluntary Schools on January 1st, 1906,
in Urban Areas with a population of 5,000
and over, in England and Wales respect-
ively, and their Average Attendance for
the Year ended July 31st, 1904, &c. {\d.) ;
and Return showing the Provision made
.by Local Education Authorities for
enabling Scholars of Public Elementary
Schools to proceed to Secondary Schools
or to Pupil-Teacher Centres and Pre-
paratory Classes by means of Exhibitions,
Scholarships, &c. (10rf.).
SCIENCE
Observations of a Naturalist in the Pacific
between 1896 and 1899. By H. B.
Guppy. — Vol. II. Plant Dispersal.
(Macmillan & Co.)
In the first volume of this work Dr. Guppy
addressed himself to the geologist ; in the
present volume he appeals to the botanist.
The scope of the work is much wider than
the title suggests, for the observations on
which the author's conclusions are based
have not been limited to the Pacific, nor
have they been confined within the indi-
cated dates. The work is, in fact, a
valuable contribution to the general sub-
ject of the distribution and dispersal of
plants. More than twenty years ago,
when in the Solomon Islands, the author
made some observations on the plant-
stocking of a coral island, which were
published in the Report of the Challenger
Expedition ; and from that time he has
persistently followed up his studies of
insular floras in various parts of the world.
From an experimental study of the
buo\'ancy of seeds and fruits, undertaken
with the view of ascertaining the part
which currents play in the dispersal of
plants, it. is concluded that there has been
at work throughout the ages a natural
process of sorting, whereby the plants
with buoyant seeds and seed-vessels have
oeen gathered mostly at the sea-coast.
No direct relation subsists, however,
between the buoyancy of the vegetable
structure and the density of sea-water ;
and the development of buoyant tissues
in littoral plants is not regarded as due to
adaptation by natural selection. On this
subject, therefore, the author's views run
counter to those of such authorities as
Schimper.
Problems of much significance to the
Darwinian are presented by the vegeta-
tion of the tropical mangrove-swamps ;
and it is interesting to learn that Dr.
Guppy spent much time in these gloomy
and dangerous regions, often neglected by
the botanical traveller. The author's
researches were made partly in the man-
grove-belts around some of the islands of
Fiji, and partly in those along the coast
of Ecuador. He suggests that the vivipa-
rous habit, now represented by the seedling
hanging from the mangrove, was once
nearly universal (though by a slip on
p. 473 the reverse is stated), the earth
having then been surrounded by a moist
atmosphere, and screened from the sun's
rays by dense clouds. On " the drying up
of the planet in the course of ages "
vivipary has almost disappeared, and the
rest-period of the seed has been developed
as an adaptation to seasonal changes.
But it may be objected that we have
indeed to go far back in geological history
before we reach " an age when the same
climatic conditions prevailed over much
of the globe"; the researches of Neu-
mavr, for instance, render it almost
certain that climatic zones existed as
far back as the Jurassic period.
An extremely interesting attempt is
made to trace the various epochs in the
floral history of the Pacific islands. After
the great eruption of Krakatoa, which
stripped the island of its plants, the new
vegetation consisted first of ferns and
alga;. Hence it may be assumed that the
earliest epoch in the development of the
vegetation of the Pacific was marked by a
cryptogamic flora. Such plants as ferns
and lvcopods might be introduced by
wind-borne spores, whilst the littoral
plants would arrive by the agency of
currents. To the early " Age of Ferns
and Lvcopods " succeeded the " Age of
Conifera?," when the cone-bearing plants
were dispersed over the Fijian region, but
before the existence of the Tahitian and
Hawaiian islands, so that the conifers of
Fiji are unknown in these archipelagoes.
The question of the distribution of the
genus Dammara is one of much difficulty,
inasmuch as there is no known method
by which its cones can be dispersed, either
by currents or by birds. It seems, there-
fore, necessary to postulate the existence of
connexion by land with the south-western
area. Dr. Guppy, however, has hitherto
been opposed to the view of a continental
annexation of the Fijian isles ; but he
now frankly admits that, in view of the
Dammara difficulty, he is inclined to the
hypothesis of a great land area in Meso/.oic
times, which became almost submerged
in the Tertiary period, leaving only a few
small island peaks, including the Fijian
nuclei, on which the conifers survived.
During the Tertiary submergence in the
Western Pacific, volcanic activity in other
parts built up the Hawaiian and Tahitian
islands, and it is believed that these new
tropical lands received their earliest flower-
ing plants from land to the east. This
era is called the " Age of Composita* and
Lobeliaecae." A characteristic feature of
the flora of Hawaii is found in its tree
lobelias and its peculiar genera of arbo-
rescent and shrubby composite plants, with
American affinities. The fruits of the
early Composita? were probably dispersed
by birds, especially in their plumage.
The next era of plant distribution is
indicated by the non-endemic genera, and
represents a general invasion of Indo-
Malayan plants over all the tropical Pacific,
the centre of dispersion having been
shifted from America by the re-emergence
of the Western Pacific islands, perhaps
following the latest events of Tertiary
time. Of the genera which have entered
the Pacific from the Old World the greater
number have not advanced eastwards
bej'ond the Fijian region. The dispersal
has been largely effected by the agency of
frugivorous birds, though it must not be
forgotten that bats and insects may be
active seed-carriers.
According to the author, the area of
active dispersion has become gradually
restricted in recent ages, a loss which
is due to the decreasing activity of
the agency of birds as plant-dispersers.
This limitation he connects with the
differentiation of climate consequent on
the secular desiccation of the earth.
Variations of climate have controlled the
range of the bird, and this change has
controlled the distribution of the plant,
so that alterations of climate, bird, and
plant go together. The geologist, how-
ever, may be disposed to throw some doubt
on '" the story of a world drying up "
during the required period.
Dr. Guppy's work is one of much im-
portance, since it embodies the results of
many years of patient research in various
parts of the world. Within its covers
will be found much to interest the botanist,
the geologist, the geographer, and above
all the evolutionist ; for the author holds
that whilst the differentiation of species is
constantly going on. Nature nowhere lets
us see the process by which new organic
types might be developed.
We are not surprise:! to notice that the
Illustrated Official Guide to the London Zoolo-
gical Society's Gardens, by Dr. Chalmers
Mitchell, has already readied a fourth edition.
It is an admirable booklet, with just the
information one wants briefly put, and excel-
lent illustrations taken from the animals
themselves in the gardens. These illustra-
tions have also gone to the making of a scries
of Picture Post Cards which is most attractive.
The photographers, Mr. W. P. Dando and
Mr. H. Irving, have evidently done their
work with skill and care. The advance
which the gardens have already made under
the enterprising and scientific management
of Dr. Chalmers Mitchell is most satisfactory.
The ' Guide ' Bupplies many interesting
details. We learn, for instance, that the
great ant-eater thrives on finely minced raw
meat. The armadillos might serve as a
political parable, for " these, like most
animals that in the history of life on the
world have resorted to protection, are
extinct." The cham -Icons " have enormous
appetites, and it is advisable to fatten them
in the summer by supplying them with
abundant cockroaches." As for the pyt lions
and boas,
"contrary to popular opinion, pigeon9, duoks,
rabbits, <>r even goats, when plaosd with these
formidable reptiles, display no sign of fear, hut
move all out in the m >st OQOOnoemed way, until
they are suddenly seised ami killed as instan-
;Vs-J
TIIK ATHENiEUM
N°4098, May 12, 1906
taneouslj and painlessly as could be done by
man."
We have quoted enough to show that the
' ( illicit* ' is an excellent eixpennyworth. Bui
it should be bought in cloth, for it is likely
to be used often, and no paper cover can
stand wear.
Experimental Psychology: a Manual of
Laboratory Practice. — Vol. II. Part I.
Student's Manual. Part II. Instructor's
Manual. By E. B. Titchener. (New York,
the Macmillan Company.) — These two
volumes form the companion set to Dr.
Titchener's excellent 'Experimental Psy-
chology : Qualitative,' and have the same
merits, being lucid, methodical, and business-
like in the extreme. They contain material !
hUbcrto not accessible in English form,
notably various important findings of the
late Prof. J. R. L. Delbceuf, to whose
memory they are dedicated. In the case
of an English reader, they are bound "to
give furiously to think," not merely for
what they are in themselves, but likewise
for what they imply, namely, a psychological
laboratory elaborately fitted with appa-
ratus of all kinds, and filled with a band of
students devoting unstinted time to organized
research. Nowhere in our own country
can these external conditions be said to be
realized, in the absence of which such a book
as the one before us wears the air of. an utter
stranger — some academic visitor from Mars.
Primarily, no doubt, our philosophers,
wedded to their arm-chair methods, are to
blame for this lamentable backwardness on
the part of a country once easily leader in
the psychological world ; but to some extent
also the munificent are at fault for over-
looking the opportunity to endow a subject
so practical and progressive. Had _, we,
indeed, the right to hold up our heads
at all in respect to this matter, we might
hope in time to produce our own manuals
of experimental psychology, on lines perhaps
more soundly educational, and at all events
other than those which Dr. Titchener follows.
An Oxford man, driven across the Atlantic
to pursue his chosen studies in a more con-
genial clime, lie has naturally become ame-
ricanized so far as to prefer the plan — in
vogue there, but here, not without show of
reason, suspect — of training the mature
student, in company with his instructors,
to the use of what can only be described as the
feeding-bottle ; as witness the fact that we
have before us two volumes, one of which
sets the pupil down to his task, whilst the
other quietly provides the teacher with the
crib. But, once more, who are we, and of
what value is our practical experience, that
we should carp ?
Catalogue of the Fossil Plants of the Glos-
sopteris Flora in the Department of Geology
in the British Museum (Natural History).
By E. A. Newell Arber. (Printed by Order
of the Trustees.)— The Glossopteiis flora,
which forms the subject of this work, is an
assemblage of fossil plants found chiefly in
India and certain parts of the Southern
hemisphere, and of exceptional interest
alike to geologist and botanist. Of these
fossils a fairly representative collection is
preserved in the Natural History Museum,
and the task of describing them has been
entrusted to Mr. Newell Arber, who occupies
at Cambridge the position of University
Demonstrator in Paleobotany. Mr. Arber
has carried out his work with much ability
and thoroughness. Not only has he critically
studied the specimens with full knowledge
of the literature of the subject, but he has
also written a general introduction to the
Catalogues giving an excellent summary of
our present knowledge of the flora ; and
in this way the work has become, in the
words of its Subordinate title, " a monograph
of the I'ermo-Carboniferous Flora of India
and the Southern Hemisphere."
The flora takes its name from a charac-
teristic fern-like plant which Brongniart in
1828 called Glossopteiis ; but as its fructifica-
tion was until recently unknown, and is
still a matter of discussion, its exact syste-
matic position is not free from doubt. The
rhizome, however, is represented by the
curious fossil long known as Vertebraria.
Formerly it was believed that Glossopteris
and its associates were of Mesozoic age, but
it is now shown beyond doubt that they
flourished during late Carboniferous and
Permian times. The flora spread over a
great part of that vast continental region
which Suess has termed Gondwana-land,
and of which scattered relics survive in
India, Australasia, South Africa, and South
America. It is believed that this area
must have been connected with a northern
continental region, forming a distinct palaeo-
botanical province, and by this means the
Glossopteris flora migrated into Russia.
The name Gondwana-land is taken from the
Gondwana beds of India, a great series of
freshwater deposits well developed in the
Central Provinces, and named by the late
Mr. Medlicott on account of their develop-
ment in the counties south of the Narbada
valley, formerly inhabited by Gond tribes.
The hypothetical Gondwana-land corre-
sponds in part with the Lemuria of zoolo-
gists. Much yet remains to be learnt about
the Glossopteris flora and the conditions
under which it flourished, but the work of
the future student will be greatly lightened
by his having at his side this excellent
monograph, where he will find a summary
of all that has hitherto been done on the
subject, both on the geological and the
botanical side.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL NOTES.
Pkof. Hamy has been elected President
of the Society of Anthropology of Paris for
1906. He served the same office in 1884,
and this is the first instance in the history
of the Society of a president serving twice.
The practice has hitherto been to elect the
senior vice-president, but on this occasion
M. Daveluy declined the honour, and the
second vice-presidency was vacant by the
lamented death of M. Girard de Rialle. No
worthier recipient of the honour of a second
presidency can be imagined than M. Hamy.
On April 26th he opened a course of lectures
at the New Galleries of the Rue de Buffon
on recent progress in the study of prehistoric
anthropology. On the 2nd inst. M. Marcellin
Boule opened in the same galleries a course
of loctures on human palaeontology.
Prof. Hamy has contributed to V Anthro-
pologic a note upon a deposit of worked
labradorites discovered by Dr. Maclaud at
the confluence of the Fefine and of the Rio
Grande, in Portuguese Guinea, in February,
1903. The implements are roughly fash-
ioned, and some retain the natural surface
on one side. Capt. Duchemin has addressed
to Prof. Hamy a communication on the
megaliths of the Gambia. Some previous
observations of the tumuli of the valley of
the Gambia by Capt. Duchemin formed the
subject of a paper read by M. Hamy before
the Academy of Inscriptions. Numerous
examples have been found of ten or more
monoliths arranged in a circle, with a
detached line of monoliths to the east, and
no tumulus. In two such monumonts at
Dialato vases were found. The condition
of the remains of human skeletons indicated
that they had undergone a previous inhuma-
tion elsewhere while the monument was in
preparation.
An important contribution to V Anthro-
pologic is made by Dr. J. Decorse, on the
habitation and the village at the Congo and
at the Chari. The incessant storm of rain in
Equatorial Congo during three-quarters of
the year render necessary a type of habita-
tion that can resist the wind ; hence the
buildings are rectangular. In Banda, where
the rains are not so long continued or so
frequent, a circular type is adopted, forming,
in fact, a cone of straw, with a narrow
entrance. The author prints several plans
of the interiors, showing their furniture.
In the dry regions a similar type of building
is adopted. He remarks that a number of
place-names accepted in geography for the
villages are merely equivalents of " I don't
know," " It has no name," or " It doesn't
matter," or of the words " water " or
" mountain."
With regard to the ivory images of rein-
deer from Bruniquel, of which one is in the
British Museum and another in the Piette
collection at the Musee de St. Germain, the
Abbe H. Breuil contends that they are not,
as has been suggested, handles of daggers,
but declines to offer any definite opinion as
to what other purpose they may have served.
He thanks Mr. Read, of the British Museum,
foi enabling him to examine the specimen
there.
The Thirteenth International Congress ot
Prehistoric Anthropology and Archaeology
was held at Monaco from the 16th to the
22nd of April under the patronage of the
Prince. Excursions were made to the
caverns of Baousse-Rousse, to Mont-Bastide,
and to the numerous dolmens and other
prehistoric remains in the environs of Grasse.
Dr. Sturge, of Nice, and Dr. Johnston Lavis,
of Beaulieu, invited the members of the Con-
gress to inspect their collections.
The Sixth International Congress of
Criminal Anthropology was held at Turin
on April 28th, under the presidency of
Prof. Lombroso.
To the last number for 1905 of Folk-
lore Mr. R. E. Dennett contributes notes on
the Bavili, a people living in the northern
portion of the Loango territory in French
Congo. He furnishes some evidence of
the ideas existing among them as to
shadows, ghosts, human intelligence, and
the voice or soul of the dead. This voice,
as the soul of an ancestor, is believed
to cause women to bear children ; it also
appears in a mischievous capacity, as causing
babies to fall sick ; and that of a relative
recently deceased is supposed to enter the
head of a surviving relative and inspire good
thoughts and guidance. Another com-
munication by the same author relates to
the people of South Nigeria. On a visit to
the neighbourhood of Benin in 1903 Mr.
Dennett had an opportunity of witnessing
the celebration by the chief Ogugu of the
anniversary of the death of his father, and
also a ladies' dance. He states that the
operations of the secret societies are under-
going a change for the worse. Notice is also
taken in Folk-lore of the recent issue of a
pamphlet of twenty pages, entitled ' Anthro-
pological Queries for Central Africa,' with a
prefatory note by Mr. Charles H. Read, of
the British Museum ; and the queries are
described as terse, practical, and thorough.
SOCIETIES.
British Academy. — April SO. — Prof. James
Ward in the chair. — Prof. Bosanquet read a paper
on ' The Meaning of Teleology.' The object of
the paper was to draw attention to the aspect of
teleology which is not due to activity in time, but
which alone can be ascribed to any reality con-
N°4098, May 12, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
583
ceived as timeless. The consequence to be derived
from this point of view is the importance of the
teleology or the world, as evinced in the course of
evolution and of history, in comparison with the
part played by finite consciousness and subjective
selection, which appeared to the writer to have
been exaggerated in anti-naturalist polemic. It
was argued that the position of finite conscious-
ness, while by no means that assigned it by
" epiphenomenalism," is nevertheless epipheno-
nienal in the sense of being rather a revelation
prepared by a long course of development, which
the self presupposes and is founded upon, than
the main vehicle of design in evolution and history,
as appears to follow from the views criticized.
The philosophy of history was more especially
appealed to against the idea that history can be
regarded as the design of finite minds.
May 2. — Lord Reay, President, in the chair. —
Prof. Skeat read a paper on ' The Problem of
English Spelling.' The question of spelling reform
has been imder serious consideration at various
times during the last forty j-ears ; and it must be
admitted that, as far as any practical results are
concerned, no observable progress has been made.
But as regards the theory of it a good deal lias
been achieved. For it soon dawned upon serious
inquirers that the first step towards it must be
taken by examining the meaning of the symbols
which we employ in spelling our words. The
labours of Dr. Ellis and Dr. Sweet have proved
very fruitful in results, and the history of the
meaning of our written symbols is now accurately
known. The first part of Ellis's ' Early English
Pronunciation' appeared in 1S69, and Sweet's
' History of English Sounds ' in 1888. Two other
works upon the subject are of especial value, viz.,
Dr. Murray's work on ' The Dialect of the Southern
Counties of Scotland,' published in 1870-72; and
the ' English Dialect Grammar,' published by Dr.
Wright in 1905. It is generally agreed, amongst
the students of spelling, that the best kind of
reform would be one in which the symbols em-
ployed should represent the sounds of spoken Latin
of the Augustan age. But the very great changes
that have taken place in the values of English
vowels are such as to render a scheme of the sort
extremely unacceptable to an Englishman.
Failing this, it is contended that it ought to be
possible so to amend our modern spelling as to
render it more consistent and less chaotic and
grotesque. In this form the problem has been
carefully considered by the Philological Society,
and an enumeration of the most desirable changes
was published by that Societ}' in 1881, entitled
' Partial Corections of English Spellings approved
by the Philological Society.' and edited by Dr.
Sweet. By way of example, it was proposed to
abolish the final e after v in the verb to liv, in order
to distinguish it from the adjective live. Since
that date, efforts at reform have languished in
England, though a good deal of enthusiasm
regarding it has been displayed in America.
For practical purposes, all spelling reform has
been mode impossible by the hostile action of the
press. Such opposition is unintelligent, and due
to the fact that the number of journalists
acquainted with the principles of phonetics is very
limited. The only remedy is that a knowledge of
phonetics should become more general. It is not
unlikely that a marked and rapid advance in this
science would result from an adoption in our
schools of a Roman pronunciation of Latin. This
would at once illuminate our perceptions of
written symbols and enable US to see their true
and historical meaning. Should spelling reform
be first effected in America, it may perhaps be an
advantage, since the history of the language is
there more widely known. The president of an
American university recently said to Prof. Skeat,
with emphasis and truth, "In our universities
English takes the first place " : a fact which an
Englishman can hardly even understand. — A dis-
cussion followed.
GSOLOQICAJL — April 25. — Dr. J. E. Marr, V.P.,
in the chair. — The following communications were
read: 'Trilobitea from Bolivia, collected by Dr.
J. \V. Evans in L901-2,' by Mr. P. Lake,— 'Grap-
tolites from Bolivia, collected i>y Dr. Evans,' by
Dr. Ethel M. H. Wood,- and "The Phosphatio
Chalks of Winterbourne and Boxford, Berkshire,1
by Messrs. H. J. Osborne White and Llewellyn
Treacher.
Philological. — May 4. — Annual Meeting. —
Prof. Gollancz in the chair. — The Treasurer read
his Cash- Account. — The meeting thanked the
Council of University College for allowing the
Society the use of the College rooms for their
meetings. — The following members were elected
officers for the next session : President, Rev. Prof.
Skeat; Vice-Presidents, Dr. W. Stokes, Dr. H.
Sweet, Dr. J. A. H. Murray, the Rev. A. H.
Sayce, Prof. Napier, and Dr. H. Bradley ;
Ordinary Members of Council, Messrs. E. L.
Brandreth, S. Dickson Brown, W. A. Craigie, and
F. T. Elworthy, Dr. T. Ely, Mr. D. Ferguson,
Profs. G. Foster, I. Gollancz, W. P. Ker, Law-
rence, and Littledale, Mr. G. Neilson, Mr. H. A.
Nesbitt, Dr. H. Oelsner, Profs. Postgate, Ridge-
waj', and Rippmann, Mr. W. H. Stevenson, Prof.
J. Strachan, and Mr. H. B. Wheat-ley ; Treasurer,
B. Dawson; Hon. Sec, Dr. F. J. Furnivall.—
Prof. Skeat read a paper on 'English Etymologies,'
some of which are here noted. A up in Dunbar's
' Thistle and Rose,' st. 18, is not a curlew, but the
Northern form of alp, a bullfinch. The toy called
a bandalore seems to be a confused form, due to
E. band, from F. brandilloir, a swing, a thing that
dangles. Bat/el, a buttery-account, is explained
by Minsheu s.v. 'Size,' and is probably allied to
battle, adj., nourishing; cf. Mid. Dan. badel, Dan.
dial., baddd, fat, thriving, plump; and E. batten.
Bieson is known to be the 0. Northumb. besene,
pi., blind ; perhaps from be-, privative, as in
behead, and A.-S. syn, sight : so that besene meant
"sightless." Bracken seems to occur in Kemble,
'Cod. Dipl.,' v. 277. Bush seems to go back to
an A.-S. *bysc : many early references were given.
Buskin may be from O.F. bousequin, an early
variant of brousequin (Godefroy's supplement) ;
perhaps from Ital. borzachino, a derivative of
bona, borsa, a leathern purse or case. If coke
originally meant a clot or cake, cf. Norw. kok,
Swed. koka, a clod, a lump. A.-S. glind, a place
railed in, is not in the dictionaries. Griddle is the
A. -F. grid-He, in a Nominale which is now in the
press. Nailboum has better authority than eyle-
bourn. yook is the Norw. nok, onry given by
Aasen in his supplement. Rogue may be from
Low G. rook, a rook, a thief, a cheat. Slab, adj.,
in ' Macbeth,' is Middle Danish, and originally
meant slippery, hence viscous. Shave (of care) is
the E. Friesic slave (Koolman), borrowed from the
High German schlaufe, schleife, a slip-knot, hence
a tangle; sleave-silk is allied. Sot is a native
word. Stalemate, formerly stale, is from O.F.
estal, a fixed position from which one cannot move;
E. stall. Swig, Scot. svoeg, suxig, is from S. Norw.
sixeg, a gulp, a swig, from svagje, by-form of
svelgja, to swallow. Tun is from the Celtic type
*tunnd, a skin; and the A.-S. tyncen meant an
inflated skin, such as is used for helping swimmers.
Royajl INSTITUTION. — May 7. — The Duke of
Northumberland, President, in the chair. — Mr. H.
Ballantyne, Sir Walter Balfour Barttelot, Dr. Gustav
Samel, Mr. W. M. Mordey, and Capt. Adrian Rose
were elected Members. — It was announced that the
President had nominated the following Vice-
Presidents for the ensuing year : Lord Alverstone,
Sir William Huggins, Lord Kelvin, Dr. Ludwig
Mond, Lord Sanderson. Sir James Stirling. Sir
James Crichton - Browne {Treasurer), and Sir
William Crookes (Honorary Secretary).
SociKTV of ENGINEERS. — May 7.— Mr. Maurice
Wilson. President, in the chair. — A paper was read
on 'The Chemistry and Bacteriology of Potable
Waters,' by Mr. David Sommerville.
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Hoa.
Ti i I.
Soi iet] of kits, 8.—' Heraldry in relation to the Applied Arte,'
Lecture I . Mr. <;. \\ Kn- ICantor factored
Surveyors' Institution. B,
1 [nstitntion.S.— Glands and their Products, Lecture II.'
Prof. W. Stirling.
_ Faraday, S.— "The Electrolysis .>f Fused Zinc Chloride in Cells
Heated Externally,' Mr. 3. 1.. K Vogel; ' Seturftirem
the Platinum Electrode,' Dr. II. l>. Lav.
— Zoological, 8 M
Wu>. Meteorological, 4.80 'An Instrument for testing and adjust
Ing the Caropbell-Stokei Bnnshlne Recorder, Dr. w, v
sIkiw and Mr Q. C. Simpson ; 'The Development and Pro-
grew <>f tli.- Thunder Squall of February Bth, 1908,' Mr
R.O. K I/empfert.
— Folk-Lore, 8. — 'Some Notos from South Africa,' Mr, l' 8
Hartland.
— Microscopli tl. 8.
— Society <>f Arts. B.— 'The Development of Wnter-marking in
Hand made and Machine-made Papers,' Mr. Clayton Beadle,
Tin ss. Royal
— Royal Institution, 5, 'The Influence of Ptolemaic [Egypt mi
Or Doo-Roman civilization,' Bev, .i p. Hahafty.
Tunis. Institution of Elt-ctrii-.il Engineers, 8.— 'Notes on Overhead
Equipment of Tramways/ Messrs. It. N Tweedy and EL
Dudgeon.
— Chemical, 8.80.— "The Relation between Absorption Spectra
and Chemical Constitution: Part VI. The Phenyl Hy.lra-
zones of Simple Aldehydes and Ketones.' Messrs. E. C. «'.
Italy anil \V. It. Tuck ; ' Aromatic C'ompoun.l-; obtained from
the Hydroaromatic Series: Part II. The Action of Phos-
phorus Pentachloride on Trimethyldinydroresorcin,' Messrs.
A. W. Crossley anil .1. S. Hills: 'Studies of Dynamic
Isomerism: Part V. Isomeric Solphonic - Derivatives of
Camphor. Messrs. T. M. Lowry and ¥.. H. Magson : ' Studies
on Basic Carbonates : Parti. Magnesium Carbonates,' Mr.
W. A. Davis.
— Society of Antiquaries. 8.30. — 'Excavations on the Site of the
Roman City at Caerwent in 1908,' Mr. A T Martin : ' Early
Figures of Knights from Tilsworth Church. Beds,' Air.
w. Ii. Caroe.
Fui. Royal Institution, 9. — ' International Science,' Prof. A.
Schuster.
Sat. Royal Institution. :!.— 'The Old and the New Chemistry,'
Lecture I., Prof. Sir J. Dewar.
S^rintce (Gossip.
According to the Indian papers, an
English engineer, Mr. E. C. Young, has just
accomplished an interesting journey through
Southern China into India. Leaving
Tientsin on October 1st, he proceeded by
sea to Tongking, and, travelling through
that province by the French railway,
he arrived at Lao Kai on October 24th.
Entering Yunnan and still following the
railway, he reached Mong-tze, where he
left ' 'our neighbours hard at work. He
says; that the physical difficulties they
have to overcome are great, but that
their chief trouble arises from disease
among the labourers. Mr. Young then
visited Yunnan-fu and Ta-li-fu. Leaving
the latter place, he crossed the Mekong,
reaching Lu-kou on the Salween on Decem-
ber loth. He then wished to explore the
right bank of the Salween, but when he
reached the territory of the Liu-Lamas most
of his transport coolies deserted him, owing
to the threatening attitude of the local
tribesmen. But for the fidelity of his
Chinese servants he would have been left
stranded. He then passed through a region
hitherto unvisited by any white man, of
which, unfortunately, no details are to hand.
He entered LTpper Burma on March 16th,
but did not reach Sadya, on the Bramaputra,
till the 9th of last month.
As comet b, 1906 (discovered by Herr
Kopff on March 3rd), is now known to have
passed its perihelion on October 19th.
whereas comet 6,^ 1905 (discovered by M.
Schaer on November 17th) was in peri-
helion on October 26th, the former will have
its permanent reckoning as comet IV.,
1905, and the latter as comet V., 1905.
A NEW variable star has been detected
in the constellation Auriga by Mr. Stanley
^Villiams at Hove. It is numbered
+ 39°.1138 in the Bonn ' Durchmusterui!-."
where it is rated of 7 '5 magnitude. Mr.
Williams discovered its variability by com-
paring two photographs taken with a
4 -4 inch portrait lens. Visual observations
obtained on 29 nights between January 22nd
and March 12th show that the period is very
nearly equal to 12 days. The photographic
range of variation is from 7 '45 to Sv!7
magnitude. The star will be reckoned as
var. 33, 1906, Aurigse.
Another small planet was photographic-
ally discovered by Herr Kopff at the Konig-
stiihl Observatory, Heidelberg, on the 21st
ult.
Bulletin No. 93 of the Lick Obser-
vatory contains the detailed measures of'
350 new double stare discovered with the
36-inch and 12-inch telesoopee by Prof.
K. (J. Aitkon : and No. 94 the results of the
observations of the satellites of Uranus
obtained in 1904 and 1905. of those of the
satellites of Saturn in 1905. and of the fifth
satellite of Jupiter in 1904 and 1905.
\\'i: have received the fourth number of
vol. xxxv. of the Memorie <l<H<i Societd degii
584
THE ATHENJ1UM
N°4098, May 12, 1906
SpeUroteopisti Italiani, containing the results
of Prof. .Mascaii's observations of the solar
protuberancee as Been ai the Koyal Obser-
vatory, Catania, during 1905; and an account
of the photographic observations of the solar
eclipse of August 30th, also obtained at
Catania, by Prof. Bemporad and Signor
Mazzarella.
FINE ARTS
THE ROYAL ACADEMY.
(Second Notice.)
Last week's notice of the Royal Academy
was to some extent devoted to clearing the
ground — to dealing with such works as,
aiming at little more than momentary
attractiveness, obscure those of more serious
value. Before proceeding, however, to the
search for whatever work of the latter sort
is to be found at the Academy, a word may
be in place with regard to the Chantrey
purchases for the year : reference to the
matter shall be brief, in consideration of the
feelings of Academicians, some of whom
have been heard to complain bitterly of the
intrusion of comments by the press as to
such purchases.
Properly to safeguard such susceptibilities,
we would fain criticize the action of the
powers that be to some extent from the point
of view of their own intentions. Virgil has
a passage in which he describes the condition
of the heroes in Hades, who, as on earth,
engage in their customary, but now endless
sports, the while their sleek steeds crop the
Elysian fields ; and even thus the Aca-
demician, when his Pegasus has got past
work, looks forward to an after-existence
in the Tate Gallery precisely similar to that
he enjoyed at Burlington House. The Tate
Gallery is to be an exact reproduction of the
Royal Academy, only eternal ; and to this
limbo the authorities consign every artistic
fashion that appears upon their walls, so
soon as it has demonstrated its incapacity
to produce any but Academy pictures.
From this point of view their choice of Mr.
Craig's version of Mr. Abbey's formula (The
Heretic, No. 280) is altogether admirable, the
movement being just at that degree of stale-
ness that calls for burial. Mr. Leslie's
Deserted Mill (179) is another example of the
Council's habit of buying a faint reflection,
though in this instance a gentle and a harm-
less one, of something that may originally
have had some life in it. Mr. Anning Bell's
water-colour at the Old Society is the work
of a decorator astray. Water-colour, alike
by the smallness of the scale appropriate
to it and from the fact that it must have a
glass over it to keep it clean, is a medium that
lends itself little to decoration : on the other
hand, the universal portability of its materials
and the way in which it lends itself to easy
and exact delineation seem to mark it out
as a medium for breaking in new material
to artistic ends, for producing work that has
the interest and utility of original research.
For no purpose, unfortunately, is it so rarely
used by the countless painters who practise
the art to-day, almost all of them having
discovered in it a means of doing more easily,
if not so well, anything that has been done
in other mediums before. In such hands
we find that nothing can be more empty,
or, after a short acquaintance, more boring,
than a well-laid water-colour wash, and Mr.
Anning Bell — a man always of rather indo-
lent invention, and needing the stimulus of
a space to fill or a decorative scheme to play
up to — promises to become one of the many
water-colour painters who furnish the Water-
Colour Room at the Academy, distinguished
only from the others by a more workmanlike
knowledge of colour-effect and a more
massi\ e composition.
The remaining purchase of the Council
is a large, empty landscape (Birnam Wood,
246) of thoroughly average Academy quality,
by Mr. David Farquharson. The habit of
exhibiting at the Academy tends naturally
to a neglect of the refinements of painting,
the expert knowing well that his work, bald
and rather flavourless as it may appear at
home, will pass very well here if it have but a
sufficiently obvious effect to enable it to hold
its own in the competitive crowd. The
regular painter for the Academy comes, then,
to regard that institution very much as a cook
regards an oven. He puts in a raw, un-
appetizing article, and the oven does the rest.
Something of this creeps in almost inevitably
into the work of painters of much greater
native gift than the very respectable Mr.
Farquharson. Mr. Aumonier is one of the
healthiest and most natural of English
painters, but a long experience has made
him almost consciously refrain from pushing
his work to its full possibilities ; he never
really attempts the exquisite, knowing (and
who shall say he is wrong ?) that it would
be thrown away in this milieu. His Top
of the Common (242) is broad and single in
effect, though not so good in composition
as his Chantrey picture last year (one of the
successes of the Academic choice). Having
kept up so long his standard of production,
this painter might reasonably be received
into the fold of acknowledged " Masters of
the British School," and picture-dealers
might agree for once to waive the objection
that consists in his being alive.
Still better than Mr. Aumonier's picture,
and perhaps the finest landscape in the
Academy, Mr. Buxton Knight's The Hamlet
(156) wins you by sheer force of sincerity.
Here is a painter who means what he says
where the others seem only to want you to
think they mean it. The work is coarsely
and clumsily painted, but is clear of the
affectation of men who aim at such a technique
and paint on old canvases covered with rough,
corrugated paint brushed in any direction
but the right one. In a word, here is a
rustic but uncorrupted talent. If there is
little attempt at beauty of surface, at pre-
ciousness of quality, it is because the painter
has not been bred in surroundings that
suggested to him the possibilities of paint
in this direction. His work is very refresh-
ing among the smooth nonentities and nega-
tive virtues of the usual exhibition landscape.
Cleverer and more adroit than either of
these painters, Mr. David Murray represents
the taste of the average man, but with a
much more than average vitality ; and it is
this vitality, the zest with which he ap-
proaches his work, that makes him interest-
ing. He will paint you a " morceau " with
extraordinary skill — witness the skilful per-
spective of the water in his Tees (292) or
certain passages in the more successfid
Farewell to the Forest (168) ; but to a severe
taste he seems to spangle these pictures
too gracefully with gold, to fringe these
light trees too daintily to taste ; in a word,
the pictures are a little overtrimmed — aimed
too deliberately at a public that loves to be
assured with such convincing realism that the
world is all barley sugar. Mr. Alfred East
owes some of his success to the same talents
of flattery. He does not bring to the task such
{lowers of painting as Mr. Murray, but has
a more poetic taste and rather more variety
in composition, A Midland Valley (131)
being his best picture ; while other workers
in the same field are Mr. MacBride (Sheep-
dipping, 68) and Mr. Adrian Stokes. Islands
of the Adriatic (358), by the last, seems
to represent a small model of a landscape,
so difficult is it to accept the loose slungle
of the foreground as of the same stuff as the
hill-tops, with which manifestly it should
be on a level.
If these painters suffer a little from the
need of painting for a public, there are also
dangers besetting the painter who is too
much wrapt in himself. -Mr. Edward Stott,
brooding over his pictures, bent on endow-
ing them with an unearthly mystery and
preciousness, gains thereby some qualities.
He falls, on the other hand, into a timidity
that, by the time his picture approaches
completion, makes him incapable of painting
anything in a decisive manner, or of doing
anything but whittle away with little bits
of broken colour, occasionally, as in the
vista of sky and distance caught between
the sheets of his Washing Day (274), of a
cloying and disgraceful iridescence. This,
however, is better than some of his pictures,
and the principal figure of the red-headed girl
is more nobly designed than usual. Yet
there are bits of drawing in the hands and
arms which the painter clearly could not
bring himself to tackle ; while the colour in
the washing basket dates evidently from a
time when this most emotional of painters
had dropped from the top of ecstasy into
the region of hysteria. Absolutely at the
opposite pole of art in his perfect capacity
and common sense, Mr. Munnings has one
of the most satisfactory pictures in the Aca-
demy in his Ponies at a Horse Fair (416),
which it would be ridiculous to call a great
work, but which is a very welcome one. It
is to be hoped that his extreme cleverness
will not delude Mr. Munnings into producing
very many large pictures like his Meet at the
" Bell " (540), which recalls Mr. Furse not too
advantageously ; the smaller scale and more
intimate handling are clearly better suited
both to his subjects and his talent. Mr.
La Thangue has shown how quickly such a
talent may run to seed if given unlimited
canvas to spread itself upon, and Mr. Mun-
nings, with greater native gift for painting
and carrying less weight of academic pre-
judice than Mr. La Thangue, may go far
if he avoid the pitfall of pretentious ambition
— if, above all, he can gain a little distinction
without losing his happy trick of forgetting
himself and all the rules of art in front of an
interesting subject.
Distinction, refinement, are unfortunately
hardly ever to be found nowadays joined to-
any degree of executive skill, and here is the
importance of Mr. J. H. Lorimer as a painter.
In the little superficial elegances that stand
for distinction to the world he is singularly
deficient. His ladies' clothes are never
thoroughly well cut, though he seems to
want them to be so ; there is always some-
thing in his line that is tired and destitute-
of spring ; and thus, for all their cleanness
and purity of taste, his pictures have not
entirely the invigorating quality a great work
of art should have. His picture of a mother
and child, called Hush! (712), has a kind
of maimed nobility that is rather depressing,
the colour is so clever and so bad, the
mother's figure so beautifully conceived, yet
in every line so " flat," slightly but definitely
out of tune. Only the baby's head and the
rustling doves on the window-sill are com-
pletely satisfactory in their suggestion of
whispering quiet, the first slow stirrings out
of blank unconsciousness, the exquisite
moment that the mother with her steadying
hand would mercifully prolong.
Not for the first time does Mr. Lorimer
bring into the Academy this disquieting
note of poetry, of seriousness, and considera-
tion of liis work makes one impatient of
much that in other moods might appear
praiseworthy. Trivial by comparison seems
N° 4098, May 12, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
585
Mr. Sims in The Land of Nod (77), with so
much brilliance of execution, but so little
sense of creative design. His work at
bottom recalls those creations of the artistic
photographer in which models are posed in
the studio and a sky is " printed in " behind.
Yet what dexterity is in the dark passages
in the background, if you consider them on
their merits as fragments ! Mr. Water-
house's Danaides (232) have the fretful
weariness of Kentish Town housewives
oppressed by eternal cleaning, and are
evidently studied from life with a sympathy
that might win us, were they not made
frivolous by a pseudo-artistic decoration of
blue draperies and what not that prevents
us from taking them seriously, or which,
at any rate, emphasizes the petty and peevish
nature of their tragedy, real enough in all
conscience. It is rather with Mr. Lorimer's
picture, his only contribution to the show,
that we prefer to close this notice, as a work
that shows a groping after the ultimate sense
of things. Even the colourless setting of the
room where everything is white has a suita-
bility as suggesting a sort of blank field for
the dawning sense. Perhaps, indeed, we
are wrong in ascribing unconsciousness to
the artist, and the gaudy landscape seen
out of the window may typify the full colours
of active life. Then the discordance even
has a value, and the mother's gesture is
justified indeed. For us who dwell in the
garish day the picture may well be dis-
couraging.
THE ROKEBY VELAZQUEZ.
47, Victoria Street, S.W., May 7th, 1006.
With reference to the letter published in
your last issue regarding the measurements
of the Rokeby Velazquez, it was fully
explained by Lord Balcarres, M.P., the
Chairman, at the general meeting of the
National Art-Collections Fund held at
Burlington House on April 26th last, that
the mistake had arisen tlirough the outside
measurements of the picture having been
mistaken for the sight measurements. Steps
were at once taken to correct this error,
and every member of the Fund and every
subscriber to the purchase of the picture
was informed, prior to the appearance of
your correspondent's complaint, that the
oxact dimensions of the canvas are 48 1 in.
by 69£ in. Isidore Spielmann,
Robert C. Witt,
Hon. Secretaries, National Art-Collec-
tions Fund.
THE MAPPIN AND OTHER SALES.
Messrs. Christie's sale last Saturday com-
prised important modern pictures and water-colour
drawings collected by Sir Frederick T. Mappin,
and various other properties. Sir Frederick had
purchased many of his pictures in the days when
those artists who are somewhat vaguely classified
as mid-Victorian were very much in vogue — at the
Royal Academy as well as in the auction-room.
Tastes have changed, and the prices of thirty and
forty years ago are no longer paid for the works
sold on Saturday. It should be pointed out
that many of these " fancy " prices were those of
the auction-room and the dealer, and not always
those the artist received. As an instance, wo
may mention Mr. Frith's highly-finished picture
called ' Pope makes Love to Lady Mary Wbrtley
Montagu,' from the Royal Academy of 1852: the
artist himself tells us that he received 350KB, for
it (' My Autobiography,' 1888, p. 149), and yet at
the Hargreaves sale of 1873 it brought l,350gB.,
and at the Holdsworth sale in 1881, l,190gs.,
whilst on Saturday it went for 460gs.
Coming to the details of the sale, we note that
•62 lots realized 6,747/. 8* The principal pictures
were : R. P. Bonington, View of a Canal, Venice,
with gondolas and figures, 130gs. P. J. Clays,
River Scene, with Dutch fishing - boats, 225gs.
A. L. Egg, Pepys's Introduction to Nell Gwynn,
150gs. (this once changed hands for l,200gs., and
at the Bolckow sale of 18S8 brought 400gs.).
T. Faed, From Dawn to Sunset, Royal Academy,
1862, engraved by S. Cousins, 500gs. (in 1867 this
realized l,700gs. ). R. Giannetti, Titian at the
Court of Ferrara, oSOgs. F. Goodall, Raising the
Maypole, Royal Academy, 1851, engraved by
E. Goodall, 400gs. (the previous sales of this work
were : Hammond, 18o4, 805gs. ; Brassev, 1873,
l,400gs. ; and Bolckow, 1891, 540gs.). A. C. ^<>w,
A Suspicious Guest, Royal Acadenvy, 1870, 190gs.
P. Graham, The Sea breaking on a Rocky Coast,
1S71, lOOgs. Gyula Bencziir (not, as catalogued,
" Benezur Gyula"), The Assault on the Tuileries,
dated Munich, 1872, 525gs. W. Midler, The Skirts
of the Forest of Fontainebleau, with figures by P. F.
Poole, 200gs. (at the Timmins sale, 1S73, 600gs.,
and Addington, 1886, 170gs.). Erskine Nicol,
Shebeen House, 18o8, 680gs. (in this there was a
considerable profit, as it was bought at the
Brocklebank sale in 1893 for400gs.). J. Phillip,
Going to the Fountain, Andalusia, 1863, 145gs.
(in 1886 it realized 335gs. ); Scene from 'The
Heart of Midlothian,' 1852, engraved, lOogs. (in
1881 it brought ■ 450gs. ). Laslett J. Pott, Gretna
Green, 1886, 170gs. Marcus Stone, Edward II.
and his Favourite Piers Gaveston, Royal Academy,
1872, 210gs. (in 1895 it fetched 480gs.) ; Claudio,
deceived b}r Don Juan, accuses Hero, 1861, 95gs.
(in 1S92 it realized lOogs.).
The second portion of the day's sale (lots 63 to
140, total 5,350/. 17-s. ) comprised the collections of
Mrs. Mayall, Miss Lee, and other properties. The
first named included — Drawings : Birket Foster,
Peasant Children before a Cottage Door, Hogs.
S. Prout, A Normandy Street Scene, 60gs.
Pictures : B. W. Leader, The River near Bettws-
y-Coed, 1868, 145gs. Miss Lee's pictures included:
J. Benlliure, In the Guard-Room, lOOgs. Fla-
meng, Cour de la Reine Jeanne, Alhambra, 115gs.
J. Gallegos, Choir Practice, St. Mark's, Venice,
HOgs. ; The Confessional in a Spanish Church,
1894, lOogs. P. Joanowiteh, The Winning Card,
Montenegrin Peasants, 132gs. The miscellaneous
properties included the following drawings :
Turner, The Valley of St. Gothard, 160gs. Sam
Bough, Landscape, with cottage and two figures
by a stream, 1851, lOOgs. ; Coekburnspath, 50gs.
Pictures : L. Deutsch, The Amber, 1S96, 240gs.
Whistler, On the Coast of Brittany, 1861 (exhibited
by Mr. Ross Winans at the New Gallery, 1905),
600gs. H. Fantin-Latour, A Bowl of Roses, 1882,
190gs. G. F. Watts, Venetian Lady of Quality,
in crimson dress, holding a fan, 130gs. T. S.
Cooper, Two Cows and Six Sheep by a Stream,
1865, 145gs. A. C. Gow, Bothwell, Royal
Academy, 1883, 175gs. J. C. Hook, Salmon from
Skye, 1882, 440gs. Briton Riviere, .Union is
Strength, Royal Academy, 1886, 150gs. ; The
Enchanted Castle, Royal Academy, 1884, 160gs.
The last four were in the H. J. Turner sale of
April 4th, 1903, when they apparently did not
reach the reserve prices.
Messrs. Christie's sale on Monday consisted of
the collection of ancient and modern pictures and
drawings formed by the late Mr. Ernest Schwa-
baclier, 139 lots realizing 2,255/. 2*. Very few of
the lots call for notice, but the following drawings
may be mentioned : Lawrence, two portraits in
pencil and colour, Miss Matilda Fielding, 80gs.,
and A Lady, 75gs. D. Gardner, A Lady, in white
dress with blue sash, 155gs. J. Russell, Harry
Bonar and his Sister Agnes, when children, signed
and dated 1801, 210gs. ; A Gentleman, in blue
coat, 9 .">_■-.
The principal picture sale in Paris last week was
that of the fine collection of modern works of
M. Ch. Viguier, briefly referred to in The
Athenaeum of April 28th, and held at the Galerie
Georges Petit by M. Paul Chevallier. The 94 lots
produced 435,8<>7fr. The higher-priced works are
included in the following list: E. Boudin, Anvers,
vue prise de la Tc'te de Flandre, 3,800fr. Corot,
Le Matin sur la Prairie, 15,500fr. H. Danmier,
Wagon de troisieme Classe, 5,KH>fr. ; Chanteurs
des Rues, 4,(HK)fr. Harpignics. Village d'Herisson,
17,200fr.; Victime de l'Hiver, I5,600fr.; LeSentier
an bord de la Riviere, 4,0OOfr. Henner, Salome,
12,100fr. ; Nymphe endormie, 6,70()fr. Ch. Jaoqne,
Moutonspaissant dans la Foret, Sl.OOOfr. ; Moutmis
aubordd'unc Marc, 15,S(H»fr. ; Le Co() Hoi, B,100fr.
Jongkind, Le Port de Marseille, 14,lO0fr. Stanislas
Lepine, Le Pont des Arts, 5,250fr. C. Monet,
Vetheuil, 19,000fr. ; Le Stade Romana a Bordi-
ghera, 8,100fr. ; La Seine a Bougival, 5,500fr. A.
de Neuville, Le Parlementaire, 8,000fr. Th. Ribot,
Le Cabaret normand, 4,200fr. Rovbet, Un
Coup difficile, 10,100fr. Sislev, Le * Pont de
Moret, 10,100fr. ; Meule de'Paille, 4,500fr. ;
L'Hiver, 5,100fr. Ziem, Moulin au bord de
l'Escaut, 15,500fr. ; Le Palais des Doges et le
Campanile, 12,000fr. ; Scutari, 4,650fr. ; La Danse
de l'Almee, 3,800fr.
The Stumpf sale, held on Monday, also by
M. .Paul Chevallier, announced in last week's
Atkeiuvum, produced a total of 273,780fr. for 106
lots, the more important pictures being : C. Corot,
Danse Rustique, signed and dated 1870, a present
from the artist to Madame Stumpf, 92,000fr. E.
Courbet, Le Cerf aux Abois, 1S69, lo.OOOfr. N. Diaz,
Galatee, 12,000fr. J. Dupre, Le Moulin au bord
de la Mare, 7,000fr. H. Fantin-Latour, L'Ondine,
6,600fr. H. Harpignies, Saint Prive, 1S82,
6,600fr. J. J. Henner, La Dryade, 6,300fr.
Jfitu-JVrt ©ossip.
On Friday last week Sir Charles Holroyd
was appointed Director of the National
Gallery, in succession to Sir Edward Poynter.
We think it a pity that the Trustees should
have taken nearly twelve months to arrive
at this decision.
Last Thursday Messrs. Colnaghi opened
to private view a selection of ' Studies and
Drawings bjr Gainsborough.'
Yesterday and the day before there was
a press view at 170, New Bond Street, of the
Trapnell collection of old Chinese porcelain.
To-day we are invited to the private view
of pictures by British and Foreign artists
at Messrs. Connell & Sons' Galleries, 43,
Old Bond Street.
The Ninety-third Exhibition of Pictures
by British and Foreign Artists at the French
Gallery, 120, Pall Mall, is now open.
The Burlington Fine- Arts Club are open-
ing next Wednesday a ' Collection of Pictures
and other Objects of Early German Art.'
We regret to notice in the Figaro of Mon-
day last, the announcement of the death of
M. finule Molinier, at the comparatively
early age of forty-nine. M. Molinier was
for many years an assistant in the Louvre,
and on his retirement a few years ago was
nominated a conservateur honoraire of the
French national museums. He was a very
prolific author, and among his works may
be mentioned a monograph on Benvenuto
Cellini, a ' Dictionnaire des Emailleurs
jusqu'a la fin du XVIIIe Siecle,' and an
exhaustive ' Histoire Generale des Arts
appliques a l'lndustrie,' in several volumes.
He organized the remarkable " Exposition
Retrospective " of French art at the Petit
Palais in 1900.
An important exhibition of the works of
Gustave Moreau will shortly be held at the
Galerie Georges Petit, Paris. The appeal to
the various owners of works by this master
has met with a very generous response.
It seems curious that Buskin's ' Stones of
Venice,' which has maintained such a wide
popularity in England and America for over
half a century, should only now be translated
into French. Such, however, seems to be
the case, although Buskin has long been a
favourite with French critics. Madame
M. P. Cremieux is about to publish her
version of this work.
S. writes : —
" May one be permitted to appeal to the
cataloguer of the Flemish Loan Exhibit ion to
disregard the ignorant anachronism of his early
Victorian predecessors, ami to cease calling a lute
a guitar, in the case of the very fine Franz. Hals
at the (iuildliall? The use of the terra has abso-
lutely no justification.''
586
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4098, May 12, 1906
MkBBBS. BOTHKBI arc selling on .Monday
n. \t ami the following clay a fine collection
of English coins formed by the late C. E. G.
MacUcicll. The catalogue includes three
pages of excellent reproductions of the more
important specimens. ,
A correspondent from Venice writes: —
•• h is ii pity the Aooademia officials do oot
appreciate their treasures, but they might allow
foreigners to <1«> BO. Sunday is the only day when
the galleries are free of copyists, but even on
that day a huge copy of 'The Assumption' is
placed in front of Tintoretto's 'Death of Abel,' so
that it is impossible to see it. Ruskin oallfl this,
with justice, 'one of the most wonderful works in
the whole gallery,' and most people will admit the
neighbouring ' St. .Mark, delivering a Slave con-
demned to Death' to be an equally grand work;
but the authorities seem to consider the above-
named oopy a worthy pendant for Tintoretto !"
Dr. G. A. Macmillan contributes to The
Times of Tuesday last an interesting summary
of the new survey of Sparta, which has
i < suited in the discovery of the site of the
Temple of Artemis Orthia, which is crowded
with votive offerings. Some hundred inscrip-
tions have also been found.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
Royal Opera. — Tristan und Isolde. First
Ring Cycle.
The season at Co vent Garden opened with
' Tristan und Isolde,' an unprecedented
event, and one which shows how fashions
change in the whirligig of time ; a quarter
of a century ago such a thing would have
been madness. Wagner's ' Tristan ' above
all things demands great impersonators,
dramatically and vocally, of the principal
roles. Frau Wittich, however, though a
fine artist, was not effective as Isolde ;
while Herr Anton Burger, the new tenor,
displayed neither dignity nor passion as
an actor, and made but indifferent use of
a voice of apparently little charm. Madame
Kirkby Lunn was excellent as Brangane ;
and Herr Kniipfer sang King Marke's
music at the close of the second act with
skill, feeling, and without dragging or
sentimentalizing, so that the effect of an
anticlimax which this closing scene pro-
duces was reduced to a minimum.
The first cycle of the ' Ring ' began on
Saturday, and ended on Wednesday, but
the continuity of the drama was broken
by a second performance of ' Tristan ' on
the Tuesday evening ; there was probably
some pressing necessity for this, other-
wise the order of ' Tristan ' and ' Gotter-
dammerung ' would surely have been
reversed. It is customary to mention the
conductor and the orchestra last ; here,
whatever the merits of the actors, the
formerclaim first notice, for onthe onerested
the heaviest responsibility, on the other the
hardest work. Dr. Richter's conducting
is masterly : he knows when the music
may burst forth in all its splendour, and
when it merely furnishes colour and
atmosphere, or gives meaning to what is
passing on the stage — in other words,
when it should be prominent, when sub-
ordinate. The orchestral playing was
superb.
In ' Rheingold ' Herr Braun was the
Y\'otan. Herr Jorn's impersonation of
Loge was on the whole good, though a
little too matter-of-fact. Herr Zador was
an excellent Alberich, while Herr Lieban
in the second act was only able to give
a foretaste of what lie was likely to do in
' Siegfried.' Frau Reinl as Fricka, and
Frau Kniipfer-Egli as Freia, were both
satisfactory. The three Rhine maidens
were impersonated by Madame Agnes
Nicholls, Frjiulein Burchardt, and Friiulein
Grimm with fine effect.
An excellent performance was given of
' Die Walkure.' Herr Whitehill took the
part of Wotan, and, if not commanding,
was efficient. Frau Kniipfer - Egli as
Sieglinde sang well and acted sympa-
thetically, while Herr Konrad as Sieg-
mund deserved high praise. Frau Reinl's
Briinnhilde was picturesque and pleasing,
if not altogether convincing. Special
mention must be made of the Valkyries,
whose fresh strong voices were heard to
advantage in the last act ; among them
were five English singers : Madame
Agnes Nicholls, and the Misses Gleeson-
White, Edna Thornton, Edith Clegg, and
Winifred Ludlam.
In ' Siegfried ' the hero of the piece was
Herr Konrad, and though in many ways
he proved himself an able artist, he never
made his audience forget that he was
acting the part. He sang well, but he
did not save his voice, and before the end
of the long first act he showed signs of
fatigue. Herr Lieban's Mime was wonder-
fully fine : his declamation was perfect,
and, in spite of the detailed study he has
made of the part, nothing was overdone.
Frau Wittich in the last act was very good.
She appeared again in ' Gotterdammerung,'
and passed very successfully through the
heavy ordeal, though in the closing scene
she was evidently fatigued. Herr Konrad,
through sudden indisposition, was unable
to appear as Siegfried. The role was
taken at very short notice by Herr Anton
Burger, and he was heard to much better
advantage than in ' Tristan ' : in the
death scene he was impressive. The
male choruses were sung with great spirit.
After the second cycle, which begins
to-day, we shall have something to say
about the way in which the ' Ring ' stands
the test of time.
Queen's Hall. — Herr Safonoff as Con-
ductor.
We recently referred to the fine conducting
of Tschai'kowsky's Fifth Symphony by
Herr Safonoff at a London Symphony
Concert, and now we have to record a
grand performance of the ' Pathetic '
Symphony, which was given under
his direction, with the same orchestra,
last Saturday at Queen's Hall. Re-
peated performances under Mr. Henry J.
Wood have rendered that work very
familiar, and there was natural curiosity
to see whether there would be any new
readings of the movements, any new
effects. Safonoff's performance made one
thing perfectly clear, viz., that Mr. Wood
has thoroughly grasped the spirit of the
music. But there was more life, more
intensity, more reality, in the Safonoff
rendering. There were moments injthe
first and third movements when ^the
Russian commander — for such he really
is — seemed to have worked up his forces
to the highest pitch of excitement, but
there was always the strongest display
kept in reserve. The rapt silence during
the movements, and the tumultuous
applause — a rough - and - ready, though
inartistic method of expressing satisfac-
tion— after each section, proved how im-
pressed was the audience.
iHusical (gossip.
Strauss's characteristic ' Don Quixote '
Variations were performed at Queen's Hall
on Thursday afternoon last week under his
direction ; Herr Franz Naval, who appeared
at the last Philharmonic Concert, gave a
successful recital at Bechstein Hall on
Saturday afternoon ; and Madame Blanche
Marchesi, at her concert at Queen's Hall
on Tuesday, displayed her skill and intel-
ligence as a singer in songs of various
styles ; but notice of these and other in-
teresting concerts must, owing to want of
space, be omitted.
Last Monday was the seventy-third
anniversary of the birth of Johannes
Brahms, and it was announced that on that
day the civic authorities of Hamburg
would affix a commemorative tablet to the
house in which the composer was born.
Here in London Dr. Joachim, his lifelong
friend, devoted the whole of the programme
of his concert (May 7th) at Bechstein Hall
to Brahms ; while on the same evening,
at the ^Eolian Hall, the London Trio,
together with the vocalist, Miss Amelia
Holding, paid like homage to the memory
of the composer.
The most important novelty at the Here-
ford Festival will be ' Lift up your Hearts/
a sacred symphony in F for solo, chorus, and
orchestra, by Dr. H. Walford Davies.
' Greysteel,' Mr. Nicholas Gatty's one-
act opera, produced at Sheffield on March 1st
by the Moody-Manners Opera Company, will
be performed in the theatre of the Crystal
Palace on the afternoon of Thursday, the
24th inst. The cast will be as at Sheffield,
the principals being Miss Enriqueta Crichton
and Mr. Charles Carter.
The name of Madame Kirkby Lunn has
been added to the list of singers who will
appear at the Handel Festival to be held at
the Crystal Palace in June. Miss Muriel
Foster is still suffering from the effects of
her severe attack of influenza, and will not
be able to sing. The rehearsals for the
Festival are about to begin.
The first of five interesting historical
recitals by the 'cellist Mr. Boris Hambourg
will take place at the /Eolian Hall this after-
noon. The programme consists of works-
by Italian composers of the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries.
Mr. Coleridge - Taylor's new cantata,.
' Kubla Khan,' for contralto solo, chorus,,
and orchestra, will be produced at the
concert of the Handel Society at Queen's
Hall on the evening of the 23rd. inst. The
programme will include Dvorak's seldom-
heard ' Spectre's Bride.' Mr. Coleridge-
Taylor will conduct both works.
The collection of musical autograplis of
the late Meyer Colin has recently been sold
at Berlin. A Beethoven letter fetched
401. ; a Chopin, 50/. ; a Schubert, 801. ;
a curious one by Haydn, 85/. 10*. ; and an
N° 4098, May 12, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
587
interesting manuscript of Gluck's, 200Z.
A family album, which formerly belonged
to the dramatic author Iffland (who, by the
way, created the role of Franz Moor in
Schiller's ' Die Rauber '), and which contained
comments by Goethe, Schiller, Herder,
Wieland, Haydn, Weber, and others, realized
the sum of 4051.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
BOH. Sunday Society Concert. 3.30. Queen's Hall.
— Sunday League Concert, 7. Queen's Hall.
Hon. Miss Marie Pubois's Pianoforte Recital. 3. .tolian Hall.
— Miss Vera MarKolies'fi Orchestral Concert. :i. Queen's Hall.
— Miss Margaret Reibold's Vocal Recital. 3.30. Bechstein Hall.
— Miss Fannv Davies, I>r. Joachim, anil Mr. Haufniann's Trio
Recital, B, Bechstein Hall.
— Miss Margaret Ess'a 'Cello Recital. S.30. Steinway Hall.
— Royal Opera, Covent Garden.
Tiks. Mischa Elman'a Violin Kecital. S, Queen's Hall.
— Miss Violette D'Athoe's Vocal Recital, s .30. liechsteiu Hall.
— Herr Heeedtls'e Violin Recital, 3 30, JBolian Hall.
— Mr. and Mrs. Uallinfon's Second Son? Recital, S.30. Bechstein
Hall
— Royal Opera, Covent Garden.
Wed. M. RevnaUo Halms Recital of his own Comiosition. 3. is.
Bechstein Hall.
— Royal Oj>era, Covent Garden.
Thcks. Griec's Concert. 3. Qaeen's Hall.
— Philharmonic Concert S, Queen's Hall.
— Royal Opera, Covent Garden.
Fa!. Royal Opera, Covent Garden.
Sat. Mr. Boris Hambourg's Cello Recital. 3. .Eolian Hall.
— London Symphony Orchestra, 3, Queen s Hall.
— Mozart Socii-ty. 3. Portman Rooms.
— Mr. Pram Navals Bong Recital, 3.1 •>. Bechstein Hall.
— Royal Opera, Covent Garden.
DRAMA
SHAKSPEARE MEMORIAL
PERFORMANCES AT STRATFORD.
Shakspeaee lovers had during the second
■week of the commemoration the unwonted
opportunity of seeing how the poet grasped
the central ideas of the historic periods he
treated in his series from ' Richard II.' to
' Richard III.' A " history " is bound by
different laws from those of ordinary
tragedies or comedies, which the author can
evolve from stage to stage, under his own
providence, to his chosen denouement. But
a history, bound by laws of truth, does not
always progress in poetic order. The cause
of its events often has to be sought in past
records ; the effects of its action often lie
outside its own period. Hence the con-
ception of the historical drama finds its
complete interpretation in the cycle only.
The members of this group of English
liistorical plays were not all written in chro-
nological order, but it is evident that they
were all intended for consecutive perform-
ance, by the links of thought, causation, and
characterization.
Mr. Benson set on the plays with groat
pains. His dresses, armour, and pageantry
had been carefully studied, his scenes fitted
to his actions. But one general deficiency,
common to most stage managers nowadays,
may be regretfully noted in him. The whole
series suffered so much from cutting, con-
traction, and transposition, in order to give
intervals lengthy enough to permit the
changing of scenes and costumes, that many
might have wished to have less scenery and
more Shakspeare, in his native town at least.
The alterations were, however, in general
made with as much care as possible. Mr.
Benson himself worked lndefatigably.
Richard II., one of his special parts, was
hardly treated so satisfactorily as usual.
Richard became too artificial and unnatural,
through the deposition scene in particular.
In the second part of 'Henry IV.,' as the
young prince, he prepared the way for his
triumph in ' Henry V.,' the ever-popular
part and play. It seems a pity that he had
to sacrifice the choruses and epilogue of that
play. In the first part of ' Henry VI.' he
made a triumphant Talbot, and the audi-
ence seemed never weary of recalling him.
.Mr. William Baviland took the part of
Henry of Bolingbroke in ' Richard II.,' but
a lack of the charm accounting for his popu-
larity, and a slight indistinctness of enuncia-
tion, moved the general sympathy in favour
of his opponent, Thomas Mowbray, Duke of
Norfolk, boldly rendered by Mr. Cyril
Keightley. But as Henry IV. Mr. Haviland
acquitted himself finely. Mr. Weir, the
" first gardener " in ' Richard II.,' was the
Falstaff of ' Henry IV.,' but his rendering
of the latter, though creditable, lacked some-
thing of richness in humour and in voice ;
his Fluellen, however, was a part after his
own heart. The Shallow of Mr. H. O.
Nicholson seemed perhaps a trifle old for his
exertions and his ambitions, but it was well
set on ; while the Silence of Mr. Wilson
showed the tongue-tied man, awakened by
unwonted " sack " to rollicking songs and
pointed allusions. Mr. Keightley gave a
somewhat novel and elevated rendering of
Pistol, as a man with some remnants of
culture and gentility, though he had degene-
rated into a braggart and a coward. The
pages were all well rendered.
The female parts were hardly at their
highest possible level, though Miss Nora
Lancaster as Queen to Richard II. supported
her position nobly. Miss Elinor Aickin
was a pleasant Dame Quickly, but Mrs.
Benson interpreted Doll Tearsheet in an
unnecessarily violent and exaggerated
manner, in one place directly against the
text, for in Act V. sc. iv. her last words are,
" Come, you thin thing ! come, you rascal ! '
while Mrs. Benson allows herself to be carried
out, kicking and shrieking. She also per-
formed Katherine in ' Henry V.' and
Margaret in ' 1 Henry VI.'
Miss Tita Brand essayed the Maid of
Orleans, a difficult part, which in some
aspects was well rendered. The songs and
dances in the French tents were well per-
formed by Miss Cissie Saumarez and Miss
Hanman. Mr. Percy Owen as Charles VI.
of France gave a fine representation of
harmless imbecility, broken by flashes of
active intelligence.
The second part of ' Henry VI.' was per-
formed on Thursday evening last week with
original scenic effects. The Conjuration
scene, strange in a garden, was made weirdly
impressive by the fine acting of Miss Hanman
as Margaret Jourdain ; the Jack Cade
episode was realistic, in which Mr. Doran as
the rebel rather strained his voice, but kept
his character up; the prentice fight was made
amusing by Mr. Weir ; the young King was
rendered natural by Mr. George Buchanan;
and Mr. H. O. Nicholson represented the
sympathetic part of the Good Duke of
Gloucester, with Miss Brand as his
ambitious Eleanor. Mr. Benson himself
played the Bishop of Winchester with grim
bitterness. The couch on which he lay
dying was brought upon the stage strewn
unaccountably with sheaves of straw, which
distracted attention from his tragic intensity.
Mrs. Benson was the Queen whose ambition
disturbed England ; Mr. Cyril Keightley
Suffolk, and Mr. Percy Owen a very
original Simpcox. The other characters did
their best, but the main incidents carry away
the interest.
The performance of the third part of
'Henry VI. ' completed the cycle of Knglinh
historical plays that Mr. Charles Flower * I
before himself when he planned the repre-
sentation of Shakspeare's unpopular as well
as popular drama.
The importance of the connexion of the
plays in the series was fully realized by
those who followed it. For instance.
the mental weakness of King Charles VI.
of France in ' Henry V.,' illumined by
flashes of lucid thought, reminded as
that Henry VI. doubtless owed some of
his weakness to inheritance as well as to
education. The other liistories are well
known ; the two earlier parts of ' Henry VI.'
have been seen before ; but this is the first
time that the third part is known to have
been played in England.
At the close Mr. Benson came before the
curtain and made a little speech, explaining
how these dramas were rather parts of
Shakspeare's philosophy of history than
lessons in his dramatic art. He said that,
perhaps owing to the difficulty of performing
them, the three parts had never been played
consecutively since Shakspeare's day. (We
rather think we have heard of their perform-
ance in Germany.)
The three parts of ' Henry VI.' present
some fine scenes and much powerful cha-
racterization, but they are weak in dramatic
coherence. They were also written for public
tastes different from ours, and for different
conditions of stage production. Sixteenth-
century audiences liked to have their
drama " true," and they did not object to
having their feelings harrowed by violent-
tragic scenes. Shakspeare wrote and acted
under the conditions satirized in Ben Jonson's
Prologue to ' Every Man in his Humour,'
described lucidly in the Choruses of
' Henry V.' That means that there was no
changing of scenery ; the action was con-
tinuous ; and the auditors Mere expected
to exercise not only their attention, but also
their imagination. There was no English
school of art then, and playgoers went to
hear performances, not to see pictures. In
our days, when every expression of thought
demands illustration, the stage manager
requires, or thinks he requires, scenic effects
for success. This necessitates time and
intervals, with the result that old pieces
have to be cut to suit the modern scene-
painter. Thus, even when Mr. Benson
presents a carefully studied rendering of the
revival play, we do not see the whole. Shak-
speare had himself cut and contracted history
rather heavily ; and when Mr. Benson cuts
and contracts it still more, the links that
bind the parts together are sometimes
broken, while the battles run into each other
with confusing rapidity.
In Part III., performed on Friday in last
week, Mr. Benson combined and compressed
scenes ii., in., and iv. of Act I. The passage
between Clifford and Rutland was not rapid
enough to express duly terror and wrath,
but it leads directly on to the strong soene
of the play, where the captive York was
baited by his foes and done to death by
cruel Clifford. Mr. Clarence Derwent satis-
factorily rendered his dignity of patience,
closed by his eloquent outburst of reproach.
In Act II. scenes ii., iii., iv., v., and vi.
were combined into one. in which the touch-
ing picture of the father killing the son. and
the son the father, while the sympa hetio
but helpless King stands by, is used by the
poet to illustrate the miseries of civil war.
The whole scene at the French Court also
was omitted, and sc. i. Act IV. followed
directly after the betrothal o Edward to
the Lady Grey. After Edward's defeat by
Warwick, aided by Clarence, the fourth and
filth scenes, concerning the Queen and her
brother, and Edward's escape, were omitte !.
We next see Henry VI. once more a king :
but as Eklward's parley at York is cut. Henry
seems to be immediately surprised by Edward.
Sc. i. Act V, even with the limited oppor-
tunities at hand, might have been more
finely rendered. The forces led by noble-
man after nobleman, winding up with the
Earl of Warwick at Coventry, might have
intensified the import of Clarence'.-, return
I o brotherly allegiance.
f„SS
THE ATHENiEUM
N°4098, May 12, 1906
(•cues were again
distinguished the
The strand and third
merged, and one hardly
field where Warwick died from " the plain
near Tewkesbury " where the Queen and
Prince were finally defeated.
Probably in order to leave the drama
rather as ' The Tragedy of Henry VI.' than
as the ' History of Edward IV.' Mr. Benson
fitted the last scene of Shakspeare's play
into some undefined relation to this field,
where the Queen and ladies brought on the
baby prince. By transposing this scene,
Mr. Benson had to cut out Gloucester's
Judas kiss and muttered words that guide
us to the murder of the Princes in the Tower
by Richard 111.
The end of ' Henry VI.' is painful, and
Mr. Benson spared no horror. He, of
course, took Kichard, Duke of Gloucester,
and performed the part wTell, though he
made himself up as rather old. Edward
was scarce of age wThen he became king, and
Richard (historically only eight years old)
seems to have been made by Shakspeare his
next brother, and should have been under
twenty. The difficulties of the representa-
tion and the weakness of the plot make the
piece little likely to be played again soon.
A performance of ' Richard III.' closed the
cycle on Saturday night. In this Mr. Benson
took Richard, and Mr. Cyril Keightley made
a bright Earl of Richmond. S.
Dramatic (Gossip.
' Olf and the Little Maid,' a bucolic
comedy in one act, by M. E. Francis, was
given at the Haymarket as a lever de rideau
on Tuesday evening. Believing himself to
have won a prize in a Dutch lottery, Olf
Joyce, a farm labourer, becomes engaged to
Kitty, the little maid. The anticipated
prize proves a delusion, but the love of the
maiden is genuine. This agreeable trifle
was pleasingly interpreted by Mr. Sydney
Valentine and Miss Dorothy Minto, and con-
stitutes a satisfactory addition to a bill in
which ' The Man from Blankley's ' remains
the principal feature.
According to present arrangements, this
evening witnesses the production of novelties
at the Comedy and the Savoy. At the
former house will be presented the promised
adaptation of ' Raffles,' a fantastic burglary
story by Mr. Hornung, the eponymous hero
of which will be played by Mr. Gerald
Du Maurier. At the latter will be given by
Miss Lena Ashwell ' The Shulamite,' a
three-act play of serious interest by Messrs.
Claude Askew and Edward Knoblauch.
Mrs. Patrick Campbell will begin a
summer season at the Criterion Theatre with
the production of ' The Whirlwind,' an
adaptation by Mr. Harry Melvill of ' La
Rafale,' by M. Henry Bernstein. The lead-
ing role in this will be played by Mr. Frank
Worthing. The first act of Mr. W. L.
Courtney's rendering of ' Undine ' will after
the fiist night serve as lever de rideau.
On Monday at the Garrick the perform-
ance of ' The Fascinating Mr. Vanderveldt '
was preceded by that of ' The Dean's
Dilemma.'
A complimentary performance for the
Jubilee of Miss Ellen Terry will take place
on June 12th at Drury Lane. One of the
features in the entertainment provided will
consist of the second act of ' Much Ado about
Nothing,' with Miss Terry as Beatrice, Miss
Marion Terry as Hero, Miss Kate Terry as
Ursula, Miss Minnie Terry as Margaret, Mr.
Fred Terry as Don Pedro, Mr. Beerbohm
Tree as Benedick, Mr. George Alexander as
Claudio, Mr. Vezin as Leonato, and Mr.
H. B. Irving as Don John.
Miss Marion Terry has been engaged
for Madame de Florae in the forthcoming
production at His Majesty's of ' Col. New-
come.'
M. Coquelin returns to the Royalty on
the 28th inst. in ' Les Romanesques,' by
M. Rostand. He purposes appearing in
' L'Abbe Constantin,' ' L'Attentat,' by M.
Alfred Capus, ' Le Gendre de M. Poirier,'
and ' Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme.' He will
be succeeded on June 18th by Madame
Rejane, who will be seen in ' La Piste,' ' La
Souris,' and ' La Rafale.'
' Mattricette ' is played for the last time
this evening at the Lyric, to which on Monday
Mr. Lewis Waller transfers ' Brigadier
Gerard.'
At the Fulham Theatre on Monday next
will be produced an original drama, adapted
by Mr. George R. Sims from his novel ' For
Life — and After.'
The sudden death in London is announced
of Miss Olga Brandon. An Australian by
birth, she appeared in America in 1884, and
was first seen in London on April 16th, 1887,
as Elinor Grainger in 'Ivy,' a three-act piece
by Mark Melford, produced at the Royalty
by Mr. Willie Edouin. Her best-remembered
performance is as Vashti Dethic in Mr.
Henry Arthur Jones's ' Judah,' at the
Shaftesbury, May 21st, 1890.
To Correspondents. — S. B. — R. E. D. — M. w. —
H. H. J.— Received.
J. L.— W. T. L.— Many thanks.
J. N. — Not suitable for us.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
We cannot undertake to reply to inquiries concerning the
appearance of reviews of books.
rpHE ATHENAEUM.
SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS
£ s. (/.
5 Lines of Pearl 636
75 (Half-Column) 1 16 0
A Column 3 3 0
A Page 990
Auctions and Public Institutions, Five Lines 4s., and 8d. per line of
Pearl type t>o3'ond.
IX THE MEASUREMENT OF ADVERTISEMENTS, CARE
SHOULD RE TAKEN TO MEASURE FROM
RULE TO RULE.
Advertisements across Two Columns, one-third extra beyond the
space occupied, the first charge being 30s.
JOHN C. FRANCIS,
The Athenteum Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, E.C.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
— ♦ —
Paoe
Allen 5S9
Arnold 567
Authors' Agents 602
Bagster & Sons 591
Bell & Sons sss
Bemkose & Sons r>o:s
Blackwood & Sons 501
Businesses for Disposai 562
Cassell & Co 566
Catalogues 562
Constable & Co 565
Dent & Co 568
Educational 561
Exhibitions 561
Financial Review 564
Harper & Brothers 590
Heinemann 591
Hirst it Hlackett 56S
Insurance Companies 590
Lectures 561
Longmans & Co. 591
Sampson Low, marston & Co 591
Macmili.an & Co 5iis
Magazines, Ac 590
Miscellaneous 56S
Newspaper Agents 562
Notes and QUERIES 590
Provident Institutions Mil
Sales by Auction 563
SCHULZB 56-1
Situations Vacant 561
Situations Wanted 502
Societies 561
Smith, Ki.der & CO 592
Typewriters 562
MESSRS. BELL'S
NEW EDUCATIONAL WORKS.
COMPLETE EDUCATIONAL CATALOGUE
eentpoatjree on application.
NOW READY, small crown 8vo, Is. M. ;
or with Answers, 2s.
A JUNIOR ARITHMETIC. By
CHARLES PENDLEBURY, M.A., Chief
Mathematical Master at St. Paul's School,
and F. E. ROBINSON, -M.A., Assistant
Master at St. Paul's School. Small crown
8vo, 1*. (id. ; or with Answers, 2*.
*#* A New Arithmetic for lower and middle forms of
Secondary Schools, written on modern lines according ti
the recommendations of the Mathematical Association,
with free employment of Graphs, Ac It will be found
adapted especially for the use of Candidates for the Oxford
and Cambridge Junior Local Examinations, and for
Examinations conducted by the College of Preceptors, the
Board of Intermediate Education for Ireland, Ac
Crown 8vo, 6«.
ALGEBRAIC GEOMETRY. A New
Elementary Treatise on Analytical Conic
Sections. By W. M. BAKER, M.A.
[Ready in June.
Crown 8vo, with numerous Diagrams, 1*. 6cZ.
A FIRST YEAR'S COURSE IN
PRACTICAL PHYSICS. By JAMES SIN-
CLAIR, M.A. (Glas.), RSc. (Land.), Head
Science Master in Shawland's Academy,.
Glasgow.
Second Edition, containing 60 Papers. 2*. 6d.
GENERAL INTELLIGENCE
PAPERS. With Exercise in English Com-
position. Bv GERALD BLUNT, M.A.
F.R.G.S., Head Master, Springfield Park,
Horsham.
Crown 8vo, Is. (id.
AFRENCH HISTORICAL READER.
By R. N. ADAIR, M.A., Assistant Master at
St. Paul's Preparatory School. With Illus-
trations, Notes, and Vocabulary.
[Immediately.
NEW EDITION OF
SCRIVENER'S GREEK TESTAMENT.
NOVUM TESTAMENTUBT
GRAECE. (Editio Major.) Edited, with
Various Readings, Parallel Passages, by
F. H. A. SCRIVENER, M.A. D.C.L. LL.D.
Fourth Edition, Revised and Corrected by
Prof. Dr. EB. NESTLE. Printed on India
Paper, limp cloth, 6s. net ; limp leather,
7.s. Qd. net ; or interleaved with writing paper,
limp leather, 10s. (id. net.
"Which is the Lest student's edition of the Creek New
Testament? Scrivener's. Some of us were tangbt to use it
first at college, since when we have used no other Prof.
Nestle has now edited Scrivener, removing an enormous
number of minute errors, for Nestles eye for accuracy is
unique. . . .This will now be for some of us our (ireek New
Testament till the end come." — Expository Time.*.
NOW READY, fcap. Svo, Qs.
A HANDBOOK TO SHAKE-
SPEARE. By MORTON LUCE, Author of
'A Handbook to Tennyson.'
Demy Svo, with S2 Illustrations, 8«. 6d. net.
TURBINES. By W. H. Stuart
GARNETT. [Ready May 16.
BELL'S MATHEMATICAL
INSTRUMENTS. Specially prepared for us
with Bell's Modern Mathematical Works.
In sliding cloth boxes. Three boxes are now
ready, price 1 a. 3d. net ; 2s. net ; and
2a. 6c/. net. Full particulars on application.
London : GEORGE BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N° 4098, May 12, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
589
GEORGE ALLEN'S NEW BOOKS.
NEARLY BEADY.
INDIA UNDER ROYAL EYES
By H. F. PREVOST BATTERSBY,
Author of ' In the Web of a War.'
WITH MORE THAN 160 ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS SPECIALLY TAKEN
BY THE AUTHOR.
472 pages, demy 8vo, cloth, gilt top, 12s. 6d. net.
The Author was the only English Journalist who from start to finish
accompanied T.R.ff. the Prince and Princess of Wales on their tour
through India.
The aim of the book is to bring the great Eastern Empire home to the eyes and
thoughts of the English People, to explain simply and illustrate vividly the Public
Life and Social, Political, and Military Problems of India, as well as her Art, Scenery, and
Native Customs.
DAYS WITH WALT WHITMAN.
With Some Notes on his Life and Work.
By EDWARD CARPENTER, Author of ' The Art of Creation,' &c.
With 3 Photogravure Portraits.
Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt top, 5s. net.
JUST OUT.
SCIENCE IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS.
Anion y the Writer? are : —
The Right Eon. R. B. HALDANE,
M. E. SADLER on NATIONAL EDUCATION
J. HOBSON on INDUSTRY
H. de R. WALKER on COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT
V. V. BRANFORD on CITIZENSHIP
C. M. DOUGLAS
C. H. DENVER \
J. E. HAND i
Mrs. S. A. BARNETT on CITY SUBURBS
on ADMINISTRATION
on PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
1 Volume. Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s. net.
THE "LIBRARY EDITION" OF RUSKIN.
Edited by E. T. COOK and ALEXANDER WEDDERBURN.
This, the ONLY complete Edition, consists of about 80 different Works in 37
Volumes, illustrated with 1,400 Plates and "Woodcuts in addition to over 100 other Drawings by
Mr. RUSKIN not hitherto reproduced, and much unpublished matter.
Limited Issue. Sold only in Seta.
Large medium 8vo (9i by 61), Holiiston cloth, uncut edges, 25s. net per Volume.
Each Volume is prefaced with a Biographical Account of the several Works,
containing selections from the Author's Diaries and Correspondence.
VOLUME XXIII. JUST OUT.
FLORENCE. Including VAL D'ARNO, MORNINGS IN FLORENCE, THE
SCHOOLS OF ART IN FLORENCE, and THE SHEPHERDS' TOWER.
548 pages, with ~>2 Plates and 2 Facsimiles of MS.
VOLUME XXIV. MAY 23.
VENICE AND PADUA. Including ST. MARK'S REST. PICTURES
AT ACADEMY OF VENICE, GIOTTO AND HIS WORKS.
620 pages, with "•"> Plates and 2 Facsimiles of MSS.
Complete Prospectus, with Methods of Payment, sent on Application.
JUST OUT.
LETTERS OF
LORD ACTON TO
MARY GLADSTONE.
With Memoir by HERBERT PAUL.
CHEAPER EDITION, with Portraits.
Large crown 8vo, clotb, gilt top, 7s. 6d. net.
FORS CLAVIGERA.
By JOHN RUSKIN.
Letters to the Labourers and Workmen of Great
Britain.
With Illustrations.
[Pocktt Edition.]
In 4 Volumes (Letters I. to XCVI. )
Cloth, 3s. ; leather, 4s. net par Volume.
POPULAR EDITION
OF
RUSKIN.
Without Indices. Pott 8vo, Monogram or*
side, gilt top, clotb, Is. each net.
Leather limp, Is. 6d. each net.
4 vols, now ready. Others in preparation.
THE CROWN OF WILD
OLIVE.
ESSAYS ON WORK, TRAFFIC. WAR, AND>
THE FUTURE OF ENGLAND, &c.
70th Thousand. [May 20.
RUSKIN
TREASURIES
Demy 32mo. Cloth, 6d. each net.
Leather gilt, Is. each net.
Ruskin's Motto on Cover.
WEALTH.
WOMEN AND DRESS.
GIRLHOOD.
RELIGION.
ART.
EDUCATION AND YOUTH.
THE DIGNITY OF MAN.
OF VULGARITY.
Nearly Ready.
LIBERTY AND GOVERNMENT.
ECONOMY.
MAXIMS.
ARCHITECTURE.
A SECOND SERIES is in preparation for
publication in the Autumn.
Detailed List of above sent post free
on application.
London: GEORGE ALLEN, 156, Charing Cross Road.
590
THE ATHEN^UM
N° 4098, May 12, 1906
A KBW BOOK 1JY THB AUTHOR OF 'THE MOST
ILLUSTRIOUS LADIES OF THE ITALIAN
RENAISSANCE,'
A QUEEN OF QUEENS
AND THE MAKING OF SPAIN .
By CHRISTOPHER HARE.
Profusely illustrated. Demy 8vo, 10s. Od.
A graphic picture of Spain in its grandeur under the great
Queen Isabella. The hook deals also with the period of the
Moorish Dominion, the events which led up to the union of
the Provinces, and the rise of Spain as a Christian power.
This account of the land and the period of romance and
chivalry is fascinating as it is important.
EVOLUTION THE MASTER
KEY.
By Dr. C. W. SALEEBY,
Author of ' The Cycle of Life,' Ac. Demy 8vo, 7s. Gd.
" We have found a very lucid and suggestive exposition of
Spencer's 'Synthetic Philosophy,' in relation to the most
advanced knowledge of the day." It is in every respect up
to date. We rejoice that this rolume has made its appear-
ance. The author's style is not too light for the subject, and
yet is agreeable." — Westminster Gazette.
LATER QUEENS OF THE
FRENCH STAGE.
By H. NOEL WILLIAMS,
Author of ' Madame de Pompadour,' &c.
Profusely illustrated. Medium 8to, 10*. 6</. net (post free, lis.)
" Interesting and entertaining .... Readers with a taste for
history will rind it no less amusing than a novel. It helps
to make known the social history of eighteenth-century
France." — Daily Telegraph.
SPORTING TRIPS OF A
SUBALTERN.
By Captain B. R. M. GLOSSOP.
Profusely illustrated. Demy 8vo, 10.?. 6d.
" Here we have the book of a famous big game shot, in
which simplicity and even naivete are the primary note. . . .
One can read of the hunting of nearly all the sorts of
game. .. Illustrated with the best photographs we have
seen. " — Standard.
A NEW BOOK BY THE AUTHOR OF ' LADY BEATRIX
AXD THE FORBIDDEN MAN.'
FOR WHICH WIFEP
Crown 8vo, 3«. 6<f.
" It is decidedly smart, always amusing, very well written,
and bright in dialogue." — Morning Post.
" The author has a story to tell, and tells it well. "—Times.
" Conspicuously illustrative of a certain phase of present-
ly society." — Scots/ruin.
THE SAGE BRUSH PARSON.
By A. B. WARD. Crown 8vo, 6s.
" Read Mr. Ward's book, for it introduces some fine
characters, and a vivid picture of Nevada mining life."
Pall Mall Gazette.
THE PRINCESS 0LGA.
By ERVIN WARDMAN. Crown 8vo, 6s.
A spirited story of a resourceful young engineer and a
beautiful woman who tikes part in a plot to thwart his
undertaking.
THE GENIUS.
By MARGARET POTTER,
Author of ' The House of De Mailly.' Crown 8vo, Gs.
" In the hero it is not difficult to recognize the Russian
composer Tschaikovsky. There are some exciting incidents
in the story, and novel-readers will find it full of interest."
Daily Telegraph.
THE LONG ARM.
By S. M. OARDENHIRE,
Author of 'The Silence of Mrs. Harrold.' Crown 8vo, 6*.
"So attractive, after the resuscitated and hopelessly
monotonous Sherlock Holmes, that it may be confidently
recommended to the British public." — World.
45,
HARPER & BROTHERS,
Albemarle Street, London,
W.
^tana^iius, Set— continued.
rp H E TWO A R C A D I A S.
PLAYS AND POEMS.
By ROSALIND TRAVERS.
With an Introduction by RICHARD GARNET!', C.B. LL.D.
Crown Svo, cloth, 2*. Crf. net.
Some early Press Notices.
Prof. Dowden, who devotes a lengthy article to the book
in the Twentieth Century Quarterly, says:— "The writer
{jossesses a gift of song which captures the imagination and
>oth satisfies and makes desirous the sense of hearing."
The Morning Post says:— "No outline can convey the
grace or tenderness which Miss Travers has brought to the
execution of a very difficult task."
The Times says :— " A good deal of fine fancy and poetic
feeling."
The Daily Graphic says:— "Dr. Richard Garnett con-
tributes a laudatory introduction. It decidedly deserves
his praise and ours also."
The Bookman says : — "Miss Travels appears to have the
right stuff in her. ' She has power, courage, originality, and
that quality of illumination without which so many would-
be poets fail to attract. She has, too, a pretty touch of
satire, which she uses deftly."
BRIMLEY JOHNSON & INCE, Limited,
35. Leicester Square, W.C.
8
CIENCE; THE MIND
REVELATION ; THE HEART OF GOD.
By J. W. BARWELL.
A Business Man's Ideas of a Common Belief.
Pamphlet, Is. post free.
JACOBS & HOLMES, Publishers,
167, East Adam Street, Chicago, 111.
T
A N ANALYSIS OF HUMAN MOTIVE.
jl\- By F. CARREL. I)eruy8vo.58.net.
"As an exhaustive treatise on motives, classifying and analyzing
them in detail, this book shows considerable ability."— 'Ames.
Simpkin, Marshall & Co.
THE BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine Street,
London, W C, May \2. contains:—
The Iloyal Academy ; Architecture at the Paris Salon; Greek and
Roman Antiquities at the British Museum ; The Royal Institute of
British Architects' Annual Report* The Architectural Association
(Paper on ' Fenestration ') ; The late Mr. Thomas Garner ; Association
of Municipal and Comity Engineers at Newmarket; Royal Sanitary
Institute Dinner; Mathematical Methods, &c, for Architects
(Student's Column i; and Illustrations of: Design for a Steeple
Leaded ; Three Groups for Hyde Park Corner ; ' Youth's Dream of
Joy " ; House, Gods tone ; &c— From Office as above (4*?.; by post i'2d.) ;
or through any Newsagent.
EACHERS' SCRIPTURAL LIBRARY.
Price Sixpence each net.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
1. BRIEF LESSONS ON THE PARABLES AND
MIRACLES OF OUR LORD. The First Part contains short
Expositions of the Parables, arranged according to Bate ; in the
Second, the Miracles are treated under the heads of the Regions
in which they were wrought. With Two Illustrations.
2. EMINENT SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS:
a Series of Biographical Studies in the Old and New Testaments.
Illustrated by Six Views of Biblical Scenes, which will, it is hoped,
be found useiul to all who are interested in the study of the Holy
Scripture.
Published by STONEMAN, 29. Paternoster Square, E.C.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN DISRAELI,
EARL OF BEACONSFIELD, 1820-1892.
\TOTES and QUERIES
J-l for APRIL 29, MAY 13, 27. JUNE 10, 24, and JULY 8, 189;!,
Contains a
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE EARL OF BEACONSFIELD.
This includes KEYS to 'VIVIAN GREY,'
'CONINGSBY,' 'LOTHAIR,' and • ENDYMION.'
Price of the Six Numbers, 2s. ; or free by post, 2s. 3d.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
Notes and Queries Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF
THE RIGHT HON. W. K. GLADSTONE.
OTES and QUERIES
for DECEM BER in and 24, 18112, ami JANUARY 7 and 21. 1893,
CONTAINS A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MR. GLADSTONE.
Price of the Four Numbers, Is. 4<Z. ; or tree by ]»>*t, 1* ML
JOHN 0. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
Notts and Querist Office. Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
N
COCKROACHES CLEARED WITH BLATTIS.
Used everywhere with unfailing success since Mr. E, Howarth,
F.Z.8., destroyed plague "f them at Sheffield Workhouse
in 1896.
SUPPLIED BY ORDER To HIS MAJESTY THE KING
A 'I SANDRINGHAM.
Recommended by Dr. 11. Woodward, F.R.8., Canon K. Jacques, R.D..
the Queen, mi>..i all ladle*' Papers.
Tins l«. .",.(.. 2.«. ;i</., 4s. 64
nOWABTIl .t PAIR, 471, Cruiksmoor Road, Sheffield.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
GENERAL INDEXES.
TEE FOLLOWING ARE STILL IN
STOCK:—
GENERAL INDEX,
FOURTH SERIES
GENERAL INDEX,
SIXTH SERIES
£ 8. d.
3 3 0
0 6 0
GENERAL INDEX,
SEVENTH SERIES ..060
GENERAL INDEX,
EIGHTH SERIES
0 6 0
For Copies by post an additional Tln-ee-
pence is charged.
JOHN C. FRANCIS & J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
Notes aiid Queries Office, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
For Acidity of the Stomach.
For Heartburn and Headache.
For Gout and Indigestion.
T\ I N N E F 0 R D'S
MAGNESIA,
For Sour Eructations and Bilious Affections.
A Safe and most effective Aperient for
regular use.
In5urnnr£ (Kompnnws.
RATIONAL PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION
tor
MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE.
Estab. 1835.
ASSURANCE AND INVESTMENT.
Write for Leaflet on
NET COST OF ENDOWMENT ASSURANCES.
48, GRACECHURCH STREET, LOXDOX, E.C.
ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS, SICKNESS,
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, BURGLARY, AND
FIDELITY GUARANTEE RISKS
INSURED AGAINST BY THE
T> AILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
Capital (fully subscribed) £1.000.nr>0 Claims paid £5.000.000.
$4, CORNHTLL LONDON.
A. VIAN, Secretary
N°4098, May 12, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
591
MPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT.
Mr. HEIJSEMANN begs to announce that on MA Y 18 he will publish
LEO TOLSTOY: HIS LIFE AND WORK.
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS, LETTERS, AND BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL.
Compiled by PAUL BIRNHOFF and Revised by LEO TOLSTOY.
In 1 vol. demy 8vo, with Illustrations, price 6s. net.
%* This important work, which deals with the early life of Tolstoy and incorporates
his own autobiographical reminiscences, forms the first of three volumes. It has been
compiled by one of his greatest friends, and is issued with his full concurrence, help,
and approval.
London : WM. HEINEMANN, 21, Bedford Street, W.C.
THE
READY MAY 16, price 6s.
BAR SINISTER.
By J. MORGAN DE GROOT.
WM. BLACKWOOD & SOXS, Edinburgh and London.
TENTH EDITION, pries Two Shillings.
CELESTIAL MOTIONS
A Handy Book of Astronomy.
Tenth Edition. With 3 Plates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.,
Associate of King's College, London ; Lay Reader in the Diocese of Southwark,
Author of 'Remarkable Comets,' 'Remarkable Eclipses,' 'Astronomy for the Young,' &c.
" Well known as one of our best introductions to astronomy." — Guardian.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
EIGHTH EDITION, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
REMARKABLE ECLIPSES:
A Sketch of the most interesting Circumstances connected with the
Observation of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, both in Ancient and Modern Times.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
THIRTEENTH EDITION, JUST OUT, price Sixpence, cloth.
REMARKABLE COMETS :
A Brief Survey of the most interesting Facts in the History of Cometary
Astronomy.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
FOURTH EDITION, Revised to 1905, NOW READY, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
ASTRONOMY FOR THE YOUNG.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
MESSRS. LONGMANS & CO.' S
LIST.
♦ ■
NEW AND CHEAPER EDITION,
WITH A NEW PREFACE.
RURAL ENGLAND: being an
Account of Agricultural and Social Researches-
carried out in the Years 1901 and 1902. By
H. RIDER HAGGARD. With 29 Illustra-
tions from Photographs. 2 vols. Svo. 12s. net.
THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH
RATIONALISM IN THE NINETEENTH
CENTURY. By ALFRED W. BENN,
Author of ' The " Philosophy of Greece,' &c,
2 vols. 8vo, 21a. net.
THE PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRIC
WAYE TELEGRAPHY. By J. A. FLEM-
ING, M.A. D.Sc. F.R.S., Professor of Elec-
trical Engineering in University College of
the University of London. With 7 Plates
and 395 other Illustrations. Svo, 24s. net.
MODERN STEAM ROAD WAGONS.
By WILLIAM NORRIS, A.M. Inst. C.E.
M.I.Mech.E., Author of 'A Practical Treatise
on the "Otto" Cycle Gas Engine.' With
79 Illustrations. 8yo, Is. 6(7. net.
VOLUME FOR 1906.
THE ANNUAL CHARITIES Re-
gister AND DIGEST : being a Classified
Register of Charities in or available for the
Metropolis, together with a Digest of Informa-
tion respecting the Legal, Voluntary, and
other Means for the Prevention and Relief of
Distress, and the Improvement of the Con-
dition of the Poor. With an Elaborate Index,
and an Introdxiction, ' How to Help Cases of
Distress,' by C. S. LOCH, Secretary to the
Council of the Charity Organisation Society,
London. Svo, 5s. net.
NEW NOYEL BY MRS. WILFRID WARD.
OUT OF DUE TIME.
By Mrs. WILFRID WARD,
Author of 'One Poor Scruple,' &c.
Crown Svo, 6s.
DAILY CHRONICLE. — "It is a novel that
no one should miss reading who is interested in the
future of religion."
GLOBE. — "A beautiful and absorbing story."
A NEW DETECTIYE STORY.
TRACKS IN THE SNOW.
Being the History of a Crime.
Edited from the MS. of the Rev. ROBERT DRIVER, B.D.
By GODFREY R. BENSON.
Crown Svo, 6».
TRIRUXE.— "In addition to the well thought-
out plot, there is some excellent character-drawing
and a real distinction of style in the story. It is
one of the best sensational novels that has been
written for some time.'1
SIMPLE ANNALS.
By M. E. FRANCIS (Mrs. Francis Blundell),
Author of 'Pastorals of Dorset." ive.
Crown Svo, 6&
GENTLEWOMAN.— "Moat of the Bketohea
arc of Dorset, and t lie heroines are rich in oharaoter
and eloquent of the soil. They have at onee the
humour and the pathos of the Weeses peasant,
and their acquaintance will be a delight to many
readers.-'
LONGMANS. GREEN A- CO.,
.10, Paternoster Row, London.
502
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4098, May 12, 1906.
SMITH, ELDER & CO.'S PUBLICA
MRS. HUMPHRY WARD'S
NEW NOVEL
FIRST LARGE IMPRESSION NEARLY SOLD OUT.
SECOND IMPRESSION IN THE PRESS.
FENWICK'S CAREER
g/- With Illustrations by ALBERT STERNER, g/-
* * An Edition de Luxe in 2 vols, price 21s. net, limited to 250 copies,
Times. — " Eugenie de Pas-
tourelks is a character more
remote, wore delicate, and
■elusive than any that Mrs.
Humphry Ward has yet
attempted to draw. She is
(he perfect product in mind
and body of inherited refine-
ment.'
Evknim: Standard and
St. James's Gazette. — "A
fascinating, broadly - con-
ceired, spacious vorel — one
that ha* given us more plea-
sure than any book Mrs.
Ward has written for years ;
one ichich shows her at her
noblest, her strongest, her
best. A book to be appre-
ciated by everybody."
will be ready immediately. Particulars on application
TIONS.
Wkstminster Gazette.
— M Fenwkk is a true and
careful study of the artistic
/< mperament, and the *t*jis
by which he slides into his
position are traced with
real art. Nothing could be
belter suggested titan the
workings oj his crwlt and
yet sensitive nature."
Daily Chronicle. — "A
piece of notable work — a
triumph of constructive skill,
of subtle and consistent cha-
racterization, of definite and
happy expression, of vital
force. Like its predecessors
from her pen, it stands out
from the mass of fiction of
the day — a work distinctive,
apart.''
FROM A COLLEGE WINDOW.
net.
By ARTHUR CHRISTOPHER BENSON,
Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge. Large post 8vo, 7s. 6d.
SECOND IMPRESSION IN THE PRESS.
DAILY CHRONICLE.—" Much as Mr. Arthur Benson has written that lingers grate;
fully in the memory, he has written nothing to equal this mellow and full-flavoured book.
A NEW LIFE OF JOHN WESLEY.
JUST PUBLISHED. With a Frontispiece and 4 Facsimiles. Small demy 8vo, 6s. net.
WESLEY AND HIS CENTURY:
A Study in Spiritual Forces. By W. H. FITCHETT, BA. LL.D.,
President of the Methodist Church of Australasia, Author of
' How England saved Europe,' <tc.
TRIBUNE.—" A picturesque and very readable sketch of the life, theology, and
spiritual history of one of the greatest religious leaders in English history."
ROBERT BROWNING AND ALFRED DOMETT.
Edited by F. G. KENYON, D.Litt. P.B.A. With 3 Portraits. 5s.net.
DAILY TELEGRAPH.— "This delightful book. . ..Small as the volume is, it will
outweigh, in the estimate «f book lovers, many of the season's far larger tomes."
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING IN HER
LETTERS. With a Portrait 7s. 6d. net. By PERCY LUBBOCK.
DAILY MAIL.— "Mr. Lubbock's book is one to be read and re-read and treasured
among the growing literature of two people who are distinct and imperishable national
SEVENTY YEARS' FISHING.
With a Frontispiece. I0s.6d.net. By CHARLES G. BARRINGTON.C.B.
SPORTING LIFE.— "One of the most fascinating of sporting books that has ever
been published, and must be read by every disciple of the gentle art."
A SUMMER RIDE THROUGH WESTERN TIBET.
With 93 Illustrations and a Map. 14s. net. By JANE E. DUNCAN.
DAILY SEWS.— "A pleasant picture of a pleasant people Miss Duncan has
performed a feat of which she may well be proud."
THE SMALL GARDEN BEAUTIFUL AND HOW
TO MAKE IT SO. By a. c. curtis,
Author of 'A New Trafalgar,' Ac. With a Coloured Frontispiece, 1C Half-Tone
Illustrations, and several Plans. Small demy 8vo, 7s. 6d.
STANDARD.— "No better book could be desired by the amateur gardener, be he
interested in vegetables or flowers."
A WOMAN OF WIT AND WISDOM :
a Memoir of Mrs. Elizabeth Carter (1717-1806). By ALICE C. C. GAUSSEN,
Author of ' A Later Pepys.' With Illustrations. Large post 8vo, 7s. 6d. net.
COURT JOURNAL.—" Miss Gaussen has given us a striking picture of this interesting
personality. "
WITH MOUNTED INFANTRY IN TIBET.
By Brevet-Major "W. J. OTTLEY, 34th Sikh Pioneers,
rations. 10s. 6d. net.
ARMY AND SA VY GAZETTE.— "Certainly one of the most interesting descriptions
-of military service we should wish to have. The book is very profusely illustrated with
excellent pictures from photographs."
THE BALKAN TRAIL. b> Frederick moore.
With a Map and 4S pages of Illustrations. Small demy 8vo, 10s. 6d. net.
[Searly ready.
AUGUSTUS AUSTEN LEIGH,
Provost of King's College, Cambridge : a Record of College Reform.
By WILLIAM AUSTEN LEIGH,
Fellow of King's. With Portraits. Small demy 8vo, 8s. 6d. net. [In May.
THE ROYAL TOUR IN INDIA.
READY ON MAY 14. With 32 pages of Illustrations. Small demy 8vo, 10s. 6d. net.
A VISION OF INDIA,
As seen during the Tour of the Prince and Princess of Wales.
By SIDNEY LOW.
THE VICTORIAN CHANCELLORS.-Vol. I.
By J. B. ATLAY, Barrister-at-Law.
With Illustrations, demy Svo, 14s. net.
Mr. G. P. GOOCH, M.P., in the DAILY SEWS, says :—" Tin's book cannot fail to be
recognized as an entirely successful performance of a task that sorely needed doing."
*** The work will be completed in a Second Volume.
POPULAR SIX-SHILLING NOVEL8.
IF YOUTH BUT KNEW. By agnes and egerton castle.
With 20 Hlustrations by Mr. LANCELOT SPEED.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
GUARDIAS. — " Here we have romance in the truest sense, a story vivid, graceful and
picturesque, full of movement, and with characters which are all real men and women."
SALTED ALMONDS. b> f. anstey.
DAILY TELEGRAPH.— " A series of delightful entertainments provocative of many
smiles and much laughter."
BROWNJOHN'S. By Mrs. PERCY DEARMER.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
WESTMISSTER GAZETTE.— "To all who love children or who are in sympathy with
youth, Mrs. Dearmer's novel will be a thing of delight.
THE POISON OF TONGUES. b>-m.e. carr.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
GUARDIAN.— "Well written throughout and very superior to the average novel of
MR. BAXTER, SPORTSMAN.
By CHARLES FIELDING MARSH.
TRIBUNE.— "A clever and promising story, which rouses interest, appeals to reason,
and shows the author as a keen observer of his fellows."
OLD MR. LOVELACE. By christian tearle.
SCOTSMAN.— "Truth, sincerity, humour are on every page, and one welcomes a
talented delineator of English character and customs."
By G. F. BRADBY.
3s. 6d.
THIRD IMPRESSION IN THE PRESS.
COURT JOURNAL.— "The humour of Mr. Bradby's new book is of the most rare
type, depending not on forced situations and grotesque dialogue, but on keen observation
DICK: a Story without a Plot.
type
of h
uuian nature."
SIX-SHILLING NOVELS NEARLY HEADY.
HEROES OF EXILE: [May is.
BEING CERTAIN RESCUED FRAGMENTS OF SUBMERGED ROMANCE.
By HUGH CLIFFORD, C.M.G.,
Author of ' Studies in Brown Humanity,' ' Bush-Whacking,' ' A Free Lance of To-day.'
AMELIA AND THE DOCTOR.
By HORACE G. HUTCHINSON,
Author of ' Two Moods of a Man,' ' Crowborough Beacon,' «!tc. [May 18.
CLEMENCY SHAFT0. By Frances c burmester,
Author of ' John Lott's Alice,' ' A November Cry,' &c. [Shortly.
London: SMITH, ELDER & CO. 15, Waterloo Place, S.W.
Editorial Communications (should be addressed to "THE EDITOR "-Advertisements and Business Letters to "THE PUBLISHERS "-at the Office, Breams Buildings. Chancery Lane. E.C.
Publish*! Weekly by JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS at Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.C. and Printed by J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Athenaeum Press, Breams Buildings. Chancery Lant, EC
Agents for Scotland, Messrs. BELL & BRADFUTE and Mi. JOHN MENZIES. Edinbuxgh.-Saturday, May 12, 1906.
THE ATHENJEUM
Icnrmil ol (Bttglislj tint* jfarrign ~£iUxi\txmf ^timtt, t\)t Jfitu JUts, fftnsk att& tljt Drams.
No. 4099.
SATURDAY, MAY 19, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
T INNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That the ANNIVERSARY
MEMTOG will be held at the SOCIETY'S APARTMENTS, at
BURLINGTON HOUSE, on THURSDAY, May 24, 1906, at 3 p.m.
B. DAYDON JACKSON, General Secretary.
(Badnbittons.
THE LIFE OF JESUS OF NAZARETH
portrayed in SO Pictures by W. HOLE, R.S.A. Also Oxford,
Cambridge, and the Public Schools, illustrated in 300 old Engravings
■ ii.l Water Colours. NOW ON VIEW at the FINE ART SOCIETY,
J 18, New Bond Street.
HOME ARTS AND INDUSTRIES
EXHIBITION.
ROYAL ALBERT HALL, S.W.
FRIDAY, SATURDAY, and MONDAY. May is. 10. and 21. Ad-
mission is., from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. Saturday close at in p.m.
EXHIBITION of PAINTINGS by ARTHUR
STUDD and J. D. FERGUSSON, and METAL WORK by G.
DIKKF.RS ft CO., Of Holland, NOW OPEN.— THE BAII.L1E
GALLERY 54, Baker Street. W., in to6.
OLD BRITISH SCHOOL— SHEPHERD'S
SPRING EXHIBITION includes choice Landscapes and Por-
traits by the Masters of the Old British School of Painting,
SHEPHERDS GALLERY, 27, King Street, St. James's Square.
TO LET for JUNE and JULY, an exceptionally
fine GALLERY, with Top light, in the West End. suitable for
Exhibitions.— For terms and full particulars write R. U. V„ care of
Willings, Advertisement Offices, 7:!. Knightsbridge, 8.W.
(B&ucattonal.
WESTMINSTER SCHOOL— An EXAMINA-
TION will be held on JUNE 27. 28, and 29. to fill
VACANCIES in SCHOLARSHIPS and EXHIBITIONS.— For par-
ticulars apply by letter to the BURSAR, The Bursary, Little Dean's
Yard, Westminster.
NIVERSITY OF DURHAM.
U
An EXAMINATION for ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS in
CLASSICS and THEOLOGY will be held in JUNE, commencing
WEDNESDAY. 20th, at !i a.m. Intending Candidates should apply to
THE MASTER OF UNIVERSITY COLLEGE;
THE PRINCIPAL OF BISHOP HATFIELD'S HALL; or
THE CENSOR OF UNATTACHED STUDENTS.
( LASSICAL SCHOLARSHIPS are OPEN TO WOMEN. Intending
Candidates should apply to THE PRINCIPAL OF THE WOMEN'S
HOSTEL, Palace Green, Durham.
ST. PAUL'S SCHOOL. WEST KENSINGTON.
An EXAMINATION will be held at the above SCHOOL on
TUESDAY. June 28, 1908, and on the following davs. for FILLING
I P SEVERAL VACANCIES ON THE FOUNDATION.— Full par-
ticulars can be obtained on application to THE BU Its AR.
OPEN SCHOLARSHIPS FOR THE NONCONFORMIST
MINISTRY.
DR. WILLIAMS'S TRUSTEES offer for open
competition, UNDERGRADUATE SCHOLARSHIPS, tenable
in the University of Glasgow only; and DIVINITY SCHOLARSHIPS
for Graduates, tenable in any approved School of Theology or
University. The Scholarships an- open to Students of all Denomi-
nations preparing for the Nonconformist Ministry. For particulars
apply to the SECRETARY, Dr. Williams's Library, Gordon Square,
London. W.C.. before JUNEl.
R A P E R S' COMPANY.
D
su|,r.Y SCHOLARSHIP AND EXHIBITION FUND.
'ill. DRAPERS' COMPANY will shortly award SCHOLARSHIPS
Of 601. p.-r annum ti-naMc for Two or Three Years at Bome place ol
advanced education, f. >r the study of Theoretical or Applied science,
Art. Medicine, or Law. or the Degree Examination of Bome University
in the United Kingdom. The Scholarships will be awarded to lal
Bona or Grandsons, between 16 and is years of age, of Freemen ol the
Diapers' Company; [bl other Boys 01 the same age. The Parent or
Guardian of every Candidate must Batisfy the Company that he needs
ol the Scholarship to carry on his e location.
The Company will shortly have the right also to nominate for an
Exhibition of 7n/. per annum, tenable for Three Years ;ii King's
College, Cambridge, a Son or Grandson of a Freeman of the Company
of not more than 20 years of age.
Further particulars may be obtained on application to the CLERK
TO THE COMPANY, Drapers' Hall, Throgmorton Street, B.C.
CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION. —FORTH-
COMING EX \M IN AT ION —SECOND-CLASS IS8I8TANT
ACCOUNTANTS IN THE IRMY ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT
\M> EXAMINERS IN THE EXCHEQUER AND AUDIT
DEPAl: rW " VY 21
The date specified is the latest at which applications can be
received. They must be made on Forma, to be obtained, with par-
ticulars, fi lb SECRETARY, Civil Service Commission, Burlington
Gardens, London. W.
£<HURCH EDUCATION CORPORATION.
CIIERWELL HALL. OXFORD.
foi Women Secondary Teachers. Principal, Miss
CATHERINE I. DODD, MA. late Lecturer in Education at the
' Manchester.
i for the Oxford Teacher's Diploma, the
Oaml Certificate, the Teacher's Dipl i of the
University of London, ami the Higher Froebel Oertifl
Full particular" on application
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are invited to call upon or send fullv detailed particulars to
MESSRS. GABBITAS. THRING & CO.,
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. THRING, Nephew of the
late Head Master of Uppingham, US, Sackvillc Street, London, W.
Situations Ummt.
TTNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NORTH WALES.
vJ (A Constituent College of the University of Wales. |
Applications are invited for the CHAIR OF EDUCATION, now
vacant in this College. The Council will elect on JUNE 20. Forty
copies of the Application and Testimonials should be in the hands of
the undersigned not later than THURSDAY, May 31. The Professor
will be expected to enter on his duties at the beginning of next
Session. — For further particulars apply to
JOHN EDWARD LLOYD, M. A.. Secretary and Registrar.
Bangor, April 25, 190<i.
OF ST. ANDREWS.
TTNIVERSITY
EXAMINERS.
The UNIVERSITY COURT of the UNIVERSITY of ST
ANDREWS invites applications for the appointments of ADDI-
TIONAL EXAMINERS for GRADUATION in the following
Subjects : —
FACULTY OF MEDICINE-PATHOLOGY.
FACULTY OF ARTS— <«l ENGLISH.
(6) MENTAL PHILOSOPHY (Logic and
Metaphysics and Moral Philomphyl.
FACULTIES oF MEDICINE AND SCIENCE— PHYSIOLOGY
FACULTIES OF ARTS. SCIENCE, AND MEDICINE - CHE-
MISTRY.
The persons to be appointed will hold office for a period of Three
Years from .JANUARY 1. P.iiit.
Applications are also invited for the appointment of an ADDI-
TIONAL EXAMINER for the PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS
and BURSARY COMPETITION in ENGLISH. The person
appointed to the last-mentioned Examiner-ship will hold office Ifor
One Year from FEBRUARY 1, 1907, and "ill act as a Representative
of the University on the Joint Board of Examiners of the Scottish
Universities. The appointment may be renewed for a Second Year.
Applications, with eighteen copies of Testimonials, must l>e lodged,
on or before SATURDAY', .lune SO, 1906, with the undersigned.
ANDREW BENNETT. Secretary and Registrar.
The University. St. Andrews, May 5, lPOti.
u
NIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM.
TWO ASSISTANT LECTURESHIPS IN MATHEMATICS.
The COUNCIL invites applications for the above appointments.
Stipends 17,"./. and 150Z. per annum respectively.
Applications, accompanied by Testimonials, should be sent to the
undersigned, not later than TUESDAY". June 6, 1906.
The Candidates elected will be required to enter upon their duties
on OCTOBER 1. i<Kx;.
Further particulars may be obtained from
GEo. H. MORLEY', Secretary.
The University, Birmingham, May, lfioc.
QT. DAVID'S COLLEGE, LAMPETER.
O -WANTED. MATHEMATICAL LECTURER (Honour and
Pass Work', stipend 1601. Capitation Fees and Rooms.— Particulars
from THE PRINCIPAL.
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.
pOLDSMITHS' COLLEGE, NEW CROSS.
DEPARTMENT FOR THE TRAINING OF TEACHERS.
About TEN ADDITIONAL TEACHERS [Men and Womcni will
shortly be appointed in the above Department.
These will Include an ASSISTANT MASTER OF METHOD, an
ASSISTANT M [STRESS OF METHOD Ifor Infant s, hool Teaching),
and TEACHERS of ENGLISH LITERATURE. FRENCH. HIS
TORY, MATHEMATICS, ELEMENTARY SCIENCE.
The majority of the Salaries will be, for Men. between 17.".?. and B601.
B year; and for Women, between 1501. and 200/. a year ; but more or
less may be paid In exceptional cases
An LSSISTANT MANUAL INSTR1 CTOR (Salary 1001. or 12<W. a
year) ia also required.
Applications must he received not later than SATURDAY, .lune 2.
1906.
Particulars may be obtained from THE WARDEN. Goldsmiths'
College. New Cross, S.E.
B
0 R 0 U G H
OF
HA S LI NO DEN.
MUNICIPAL SE( ONDARi SCHOOL
fl WTED. senior MISTRESS, especially qualified in French.
Commencing Salary, 1802 . rising bj biennial increments of 102, to 1601,
per annum, with further increments, not automatic, on special
recommi ndat ion
ASSISTANT MISTRESS Commencing Salary 1001. per annum,
rising by biennial increments of 101, to 185! per annum, and by
furthei increments, not automatic, on Bpecial recommendation.
lidates for either position must be Graduates, or possess
equivalent qualifications.
Applications, endorsed " Senior Mistreat '01 "Assistant Mistress,"
as the case maj be, stating age, qualifications, experience, and when
disengaged, and accompanied by copies only of three recent Testi-
monials, to be sent to the undersigned not later than TUESDAY,
the •j'.uh da] of May instant
V\ U.TER Ml m,Ro\ E, Town clerk.
Municipal oil,. \| .. 1 .. 190S.
M
ORLEY FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY
The Lir.R \i:v committee invito applii itioni for the appoint-
ment as LIBRARIAN - 1 annum. Candidates 101 the
appointment should have had some 1 mentol
lea Applications, stating age, with oopiea of two recent
Testimonials, to be received '■ me on the .'i:b M\\
instant. Canvassing the Members >»! the Committee will I n
si. Li,, 1 a disqualification.
D Til M KltAY. Town I
Town Hall, Morlej (Yorka
Y early Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
T EICESTER MUNICIPAL SCHOOL OF ART.
Head Master-Mr. B. J. FLETCHER.
SITUATIONS VACANT.
The COMMITTEE invite applications for the following posts :—
SECOND MASTER.
To teach Design, and to take part in the general organization
and carrying out ot the Schools Work.
The Candidate must be a capable Draughtsman and Teacher, and
strong in Building Design, or one of the crafts connected with build-
ing, in addition, the Person appointed will be required to continue
his practice of the Work in which he specializes in a Studio Workroom
provided for the purpose. Commencing Salary. 2501.
ASSISTANT TEACHERS.
TWo ASSISTANTS. Male or Female, are required to teach Drawing
and Painting from plant form and natural objects, :,nd to give instruc-
tion in some Elementary Craft Work. Candidates must be strung and
sympathetic Draughtsmen and capable Teachers, one of the above
Assistants will be required to give about 23 hours per week to actual
Teaching and Preparation, at a Salary of 1501 per annum. The other
Assist ant v. ill be required to give about 13 hours per week, at a Salary
of 100/. per annum.
Preference will be given, capabilities in Draughtsmanship and
Teaching being equal, to those Candidates who practice some par-
ticular art or artistic craft.
The Persons appointed will be required to continue the practice of
the work in which they specialize, and to commence their Duties in
SEPTEMBER NEXT.
Canvassing will disqualify.
Applications must be sent in not later than MAY" 30 in-t., on Forms
obtainable [with further particulars' from
T. GROVES. Secretary.
Education Offices, Town Hall, Leicester. May ."., 1906.
PART TIME EMPLOYMENT.— The services
J_ of a smart YOUNG FELLow. of good address, are required for
LIGHT WEEKLY EMPLOYMENT in connexion with a Literary
Business. Retaining Fee and Commission.-— Write ENTERPRISE,
care of J. W. Viekers. 5, Nicholas Lane. E.C.
A
Situations Marti**!.
S COURIER, GUIDE, or TRAVELLING
XV COMPANION. — Accomplished ENGLISH LADY, speaking
French, German, and Italian, seeks RE-ENGAGEMENT. Capable
and experienced Organizer, Musical, bright, companionable. Excel-
lent reference- in London. Paris. &c— Miss EDWARDS, care of The
Ladies Guild, 10, George Street, Hanover Square, W. Telephone,
BOW Gerrard.
TO PUBLISHERS and EDITORS.— EMPLOY-
MENT WANTED in any Literary or Journalistic capacity.
MSS. read and prepared for Press. Editing. Compiling, Indexing,
Researches at the British Museum. &c. Foreign Langu.-r._-. -
knowledge of Continental Affairs and Literature. —ERNEST A.
VIZETELLY, 4.".. Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane. W C.
AN active YOUNG MAN (23) requires
SITUATION as PUBLISHER'S or BOOKSELLERS ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply good references.— T., Box 10W, Athenaeum Press,
13. Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.C.
TRANSLATIONS, RESEARCH WORK. &a,
required by qualified LADY -thoroughly conversant with six
Modern Languages Technical and other subjects. -Address, 1' P.,
care of Messrs. I.uz ic i Co . 4.;. Great Russell Strt et, W c.
TRANSLATION, Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing. Encyclopaedic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Non-Resident Secretaryship. Classics, French. German. Italian.
Spanish, Anglo-Saxon. Special subjects: Mythology and Lit-
Varied experience. Moderate terms.— Miss SELBY, 53, Talbot Road, W
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials. — All., Box 1062, Athenaeum Press. IS, Bream
Chancery Lane, E.C.
irttscrlianrous.
MSS.— MESSRS. T. C. & E. C. JA( K.
: 1. Henrietta Street Covent Garden, London,
WRITERS to send them Mss. of ORIGINAL STORIES
R,.\- of 111 14. addressed to Mr J OHM LANG, Bo I
(.ills of tn-14. addressed to Air- JOHN 1 V- Foi
Children of 1; in. addressed to Mr- LOUEY Ml l-ll"l v
Editoi Mi mss „),,, h .);. ,] c, .,,„,
In any time before SEPTEMBER 30 Type- written preferp : will be
acknowledged, and retained if not Suitable.
PUBLISHING BUSINESS. One of the oldest
and beat-known H< ing for gentleman to j
ami inn same; W0J. up to 7,0001. required B
Strand, « 0
SHORTHAND. PRIVATE SECRETARIES.
1 ' specially trained In Shorthand, Journalism, 'and all -
duties iLadii - and Gentlemen of cisl family and rih
ran bi to THE II E \l> M \sti R Ol 1 HE
BRITISH S< 1 S OF 1 OMMERt E foi thi Nobilitj
H.I
pRAINTNG for PRIVATE SECRETARTAL
I WORK and INDEXING tpply Miss PETHERRRIDGE Nat.
if. Tripos . '.'v Com "
504
THE ATHEN^UM
N°4099, May 19, 1906
THE AUTOTYPE COMPANY,
74, NKW OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.G
REPRODUCTIONS IN MONOCHROME OF
FAMOUS WORKS OF ART BY THE
AUTOTYPE PERMANENT PROCESS.
Amongst the mtmerovi Publication! mn>i be mentioned >-
SELECTIONS from
The NATIONAL GALLERY, London.
The WALLACE COLLECTION.
The TATE GALLERY.
The WALKER ART GALLERY, Liverpool.
DRAWINGS by HOLBEIN from the Royal
Collection, Window OasU*.
G. F. WATTS, R.A.
Tlie Principal Worka l>y this Master.
SELECTED EXAMPLES of Sacred Art
firm rai ifti- Collection-.
ETCHINGS by REMBRANDT.
DRAWINGS by ALBERT DURER.
PICTURES from the LOUVRE and LUXEM-
BOURG, PAKE.
p,. above Issues wiU be sent free on application.
Full particulars of all the Company's Publications
are given in
THE AUTOTYPE FINE - ART
CATALOGUE. Now ready, Enlarged Edition, with
Hundreds of Miniature Photographs and Tint Blocks
of Notable Autographs. For convenience of reference
the Publications are arranged Alphabetically under
Aitists' Names. Post free, One Shilling.
A Visit of Inspection is invited to
The AUTOTYPE FINE- ART GALLERY,
74, NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.
^npc-tlErifcrs.
T
TYPE-WRITING undertaken by highly educated
Women [Classical Tripos; Cambridge Higher Local; Modern
Language* Research. Revision, Translation. Dictation Room.—
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPEWRITING AGENCY. 10. Duke Street,
AddphL W.c.
YPE-WRITINO, 9d. per 1,000 words. All
kinds of MSB., STORIES, FLATS, fcc.. accurately TYPED.
Carbons. :>/. per 1,000. Best references.— M. KING 7, Corona \ illas.
Pinner Road. Harrow.
AUTHORS' MSS. , NOVELS, S TORIES, PLAYS,
ESSAYS TYPE WRITTEN with comi.lete accuracy 9d. per
1,000 words. Clear Carbon Copies guaranteed. References to well-
known Writer*.— M. STUART. Thirlbank Roxlmrough Road, Harrow
AUTHORS' MSS., <),!. per 1,000 words.
SERMONS, PLATS, ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPEli at home IRemingtont. Good paper. Orders promptly exe-
cuted — M. I.. L.. 7. Vernon Road ; now known as 18, E.lgeley Road,
Clai.liani. 8.W.
TYPE-WRITING.— The WEST KENSINGTON
OFFICES. Authors' MSB.. Translations, fcc. Legal and Genera]
Copying • Ircnlars, fcc., duplicated. Usual Terms. References.
Established thirteen rears.— SIKES ft SIKES. 22B. Hammersmith
Road w, (PriTate Address: 18, Wolverton Gardens, Hammersmith.)
TyPE-WRITING.— AUTHORS' MSS. and
other LITERARY WORK. 104 per 1,000 words. Coed refer-
■IMS.— Miss I. NICHOLSON, is, Lloyd Square, W.O.
Authors' Agents.
riMIK AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
1 The Interatti <»f Anthem otpably nprwented. Agreemsntstfof
PubUahing vnuged, Mss pUu edwith PublUher*. Tei nuaftd Twti-
ma&lBli f>n application to IAr. A- M. BURGH ks. ::j. Paternoster K<>w
ADTHOR8, Published and Unpublished, in need
of GUIDANCE and assistance, should write for particulars
to THE AUTHORS' ADVISORY BUREAU, • lucted by Mr.
GORDON RICHARD8, for many rears Literal v Reader and roi
some time Fiction Editor of the M---I- Harmsworth, assisted by
Mr Wilkinson BHERREN. Member of the Society "f Authors,
Fiction a speciality. Address 10, Buckingham Street, West strand.
London, w ,<
^rORTHERN NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE,
l| KENDAL 1 NGLAND,
Supplies Editors wlthall km. Is of l.it.iai v .Matter, and is optfl I* hi T
from Authors concerning Manusoripts, , •_-_■
(Catalogues.
r»c
A 1.1.
Re
IOE8I 1? o 0 K 81 B 0 OKB!
GREAT \ miii'tv i.«iw;i'iiK i -
PUBLISHERS' REMAIN DEB BTOCKS.
Comprising all kinds of Literature,
BOOKS IN NEW CONDITION AS WHEN PUBLISHED
FREQ1 EN r I \ T ILOG1 E8. Write or call
w ii.i.iam GLAI8HER,
aiinler ami Difo mil Bookseller, 280, High Holbom, London,
THE INTERNATIONAL LOOK CIRCULAR,
No. in. containing ■ Special Article, entitled 'MODERN
\li:\\s.>f ELECTRICITY and MATTER.' bj Prof. ALFRED \v
PORTER, Specimen Copies gratis.— WILLIAMS ft NORGATE,
Rook Importers, 14, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
BOOKS. —All OUT-OF-PRINT and RARE
BOOKS on any subject SUPPLIED. The rami expert Bu< Under
extant. Please state wants and ask for CATALOGUE. I make s special
feature ol ex< hanging any Saleable Books for others selected from my
rarious Lists. Special I.i-t ol 2, Books I partii nlariy want ]*>st free.
- EDW. MAK HIS s Gnat Bookshop, 14 18, John Bright Street, Birming-
ham. Oscar Wilde's Poems, -'is., foi ii«. fid. (onlj SM Issued).
HH. PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street, Leicester,
. Issues CATALOGUES of MSS. and RARE BOOKS post free
to Book Collectors. No. it Includes Ms. Testament from Kresbam,
and other MSS— Early Printing— Gow er. Confeesio Amantis. 1604, &c.
JMuspaprr ^gntts.
NE W BPAF E R P R 0 1' E R T I E S
BOUGHT, .siil.l). VALUED, ANI> SUPPLIED WITH
EVERY REQUISITE.
The London Agency of an additional limited number of Provincial
Hlld Colonial Newspapers can l-e undeitaken.
Full pai i Iculai s from
THE IMPERIAL NEWS AGENCY,
" and 4, Tudor Street. London, E.C.
LEIGHTON'S
TLLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of EARLY
JL PRINTED and other INTERESTING ROOKS, MANUSCRIPTS,
and BINDINGS.
OFFERED FOR SALE BY
J. & J. LEIGHTON, 40, Brewer Street, Golden Square, W.
Thick Svo, 1,788 pp., 8,900 items, with upwards of 1,350 Reproductions
in Facsimile.
Bound in art cloth, gilt tops. 25s. ; half-morocco, gilt tops, 30s.
Part X. [Supplement) containing A. with 205 Illustrations.
Price 2s. .lust issued.
READERS and COLLECTORS will find it to
their advantage to write for J. BALDWIN'S MONTHLY
CATALOGUE of SECOND HAND BOOKS, sent post free on applica-
tion. Rooks in all Branches of Literature. Genuine bargains in
Scarce Items and First Editions. Books sent on approval if desired.—
Address, u, Osborne Road. Leyton, Essex-.
TUST PUBLISHED.— B. H. BLACK WELL'S
»' MONTHLY LIST of SECONDHAND BOOKS for APRIL,
containing English Literature. Part I. (Addison to Leigh Hunt),
Biography. Natural History, Sport, &c
Also MONTHLY LIST of NEW BOOKS (English and Foreign)
published during APRIL.
50 and 51. Broad Street, Oxford.
/CURIOUS, INTERESTING, and OUT-OF-
\^ THE-WAY ITEMS from the LIBRARY of JOSEPH KNIGHT,
Esq Editor of 2Vbf.es "«•' Queries, both English and Foreign.—
CATALOGUE of READER. Pur ton Street. Red Lion Square.
London. W.O.
SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL BOOKS,
IO NEW AND SECOND-HAND.
•.•LARGEST stock In LONDON of SECOND-HAND School,
Classical Mechanical. ELEMENTART, and ADVANCED SCIEN-
TIFIC BOOKS at about HALF PUBLISHED PRICE.
M LTHEMATICAL, THEOLOGICAL, and Foreign BOOKS.
KEYS and TRANSLATIONS.
.i. POOLE & co. (Established 1864),
104, Charing Cross Road, London, W.O.
(Formerly of 89, Holywell Street. Strand, i
itigiftriss lnj hii> i- receive immediate attention.
ANCIENT and MODERN COINS. —Collectors
and Antiquarians are invited to apply to SPINK & Sun,
Limited, for Specimen Copy (gratis) of their NUMISMATIC CIRCU-
LAR. The finest Greek. Roman, and English Coins on View- and for
Sap- at Moderate Prices.— SPINK fc SON, Limited, Experts, Valuers.
and Cataloguers, 16, 17. and 13. Piccadilly, London, W. Estahlished
upwards of a Century.
WANTED, OLD OAK CUPBOARDS
Tl with Perforated Doors, known as Liverv or Bread-and-Cheesc
Cupboards : also BACON CUPBOARDS, any .on, lit inn.
Fin.- OLD WELSH or YORKSHIRE DRESSERS, with Original
Rack*, also required.
Address, giving full particulars, to Box 86, Throwers Advertising
Offices, 20, imperial Buildings. Ludgate circus. London, E.c.
CONCIIOLOCY.— The Yery large and valuable
COLLECTION of shells from all parts of the world, oollerted
during a lifeline1, an, I named bj the late Dr. Y I N E R of Bath, with
several Volumes ol Books on Conchology, are now To BE DISPOS1 D
H robesoenin Bath bj ordei obtainable from ARTHUR John
WERB. Maplecroft, Bradley Road, Trowbridge.
T
0 PUBLISHERS AND OTHERS. TO BE
1 let m the hear! of the City, and within a few yards of
.■ Hill, a large SHOP, BASEMENT, and FIRST and second
FRONT floors of h newly erected handsome Building, admlrabpj
suited for Bookselling. Publishing, or similar Business. For further
particulars apply to the secretary. Band 80, Old Bailey. R.C.
B\ l ll EXCEPTIONAL OFFER for remainder
of Lease. Fifteen Months [Option of renewal Of tenaiev at
expiration oi Lease if desired). To LET. UNFURNISHED Hoi sE.
thoroughly well decorated throughout, all modern appllanoss Three
Reception ami Six Bedrooms, fcc 65L, or near offer. — Apply
Forefleld House, Bath.
halt's bn Auction.
The Ubraryt l /:. C, FISH EM, Beq,
MESSRS. BOTHEBY, WILKINSON ft HOI UE,
ha v ins- s.,1, 1 this Library pi irately, the Sale of it ndvcitiscd for
May ji, -JL', B, ami -Jl
WILL NOT TAKE PLAI ■
Mav p.. |g08
The Celled i olu m /•'.,.. Binding* of th' late
Mil nil; a. i.i/, Beq., and the Library of the loir ,/. /,'.
WREST, Beq.
MRS 80THEBY, WILKINSON 4 BODGE
Will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. II. Well:,
Strand, W.C., on FRIDAY, Ms tli»
COLLECTION of BOOKS In FINE BINDINGS, the Properti
late \HTHUB RAM, Bsu . a PORTION ol the LIBRARY of a
NOBLEMAN; and the LIBRARY of J R. LOREN1 I
In fine Modern Bindings by Bedford, Bivi.it
May !»■ viewed twrodays prior, i ttsdognei niay Ik- had.
rn/no6i<' Book* ami Illuminated and other Manuecripte.
ES6R8. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON ft BODGE
L will BELL l.v AM) ION. at their House. No. 1.1. Wellington
Street. Strand. W.C. on SATURDAY. Mav -X. at 1 ocloi k pri
valuable BOOKS and ILLUMINATED ami otlui MAN
.al ami Historic Bindings— First and Early Quarto Edll
Shakespeare's Plays— First Editions of Modi enta-
tion Copies— Documents relating to Louis XVI., Marie
the "Reign of Terror." and Napoleon 1 i I important -
of Letters in the Autograph of ami Addressed to Dorothy .Ionian.
May l.e viewed two days prior. Catalogues may I* had.
M
The Collection of Book- Pint en (ex-IAbrix) of the late
.1 1 V. / ,1 .V M . 1 1: SUA h />, Beq. '
MESSBS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON ft HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION |by order of the Executors), at their
House, No. 18, Wellington street, strand. W.O, on MONDAY,
May 28, and Three Following Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, the well-
known extensive and valuable COLLECTION of BOOK-PI
lex-Libris) of tlie late JULIAN .MARSHALL, Esq., Bel A
N.W.
May lie viewed two .lays prior. Catalogues price 2». each' maybe had.
Valuable Lair Books, including the Library of W. LATH Ail,
Esq., K.C., retiring from Practice.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, IIS, Chancery Lane, W.C. on
FRIDAY. May 25, at i o'clock. VALUABLE LAW BOOKS, including
Complete Sets of the Law Reports to p.sr>. an ; i 1->T">
• • The English Reports, J7 vols.- Mews's Digest of F^iglish
Case Law, Hi vols. — Chilly's Statutes, 13 rols. — Campbell's Ruling
Cases, 38 vols.— Recent Text-Books, 4c.
Catalogues on application.
Bars and valuable Books, including a Selection, the Property
of the laie JOI/.V LINNELL, Esq., Jim , removed from
Bedliill (by order of the Executors).
rESSRS. HODGSON ft CO. will SELL by
M!
AUCTION, at their Rooms. 115, Chancery Lane, W.C, on
MONDAY. TUESDAY, an.) THURSDAY, Mav SB, •»>. a,,:
at 1 o'clock. RARE and VALUABLE BOOKS, comprisuu II
History of Ancient and Modern Wilt-hire, c vols _ Madeay's
Coloured Portraits of the Highlanders of Scotland. -2 vols —
handsome Folio Books of Engravings — a line Set of the Ait
Journal from the oommencement in is.;;i to igos — Bury*
Coloured Views on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway —
Two Fifteenth-Century Hone, on vellum, with Illuminations —
Higdens Polychronicon, Wynkyn deWorde, I486— Chapman's Homer,
Hilii, and other scare- Books in Early English Literature— Seven-
teenth Oentuiv Tracts and Pamphlets— Sterne's Tristram shandy.
Vols. I1I.-IN'. First Editions in the Original Wrappers, uncut
—rare Americana — Five Autograph Letters from Lara Nelson —
Burton's Arabian Nights, Original Edition, Pi vols.— Blake's to
Sketches, First Edition, and others by or relating to the same, the
:v of the late JOHN L1NNELL. Esq., Jan.; Isi-ues from the
Vale, Doves, and other Modern Presses — Landor's Works Besl
Edition, 8 rols.— Library Editions of the Historical Writn
Freeman, Lecky, Ranke, Preesott, and others— Audubon's Quadru-
- Ajnerioa, ■'■ rols.— ■Seebohm'e British Birds, 4 vols., and others-
similar.
Catalogues on application.
Valuable Books, including a Library removed from the
Forth of England,
MESSRS. PUTTICK ft SIMPSON will SELL
by AUCTION, at their Galleries, j:. Leicestei Square. \v
WEDNESDAY, June 'i. and Following Day. at ten minutes past 1
o'clock precisely, valuable BOOKS, including <■• First
Ediii.n. 1751 Ooldsmith'8 Vicar of Wakefield, 2 vols.. First Edition.
1768— Gould's Birds of Great Britain, 5 rols.— Fine Examples of Early
Printing — Works on Costume — a Presentation volume from
Napoleon I , with Autograph Inscription Work- on Bibliography,
Travel, Science, the Fine trta, 4sc Ex-Libris— various Edit'
Shakespeare's Plays, and other Important items,
MI.SSRS. CBRISTIE, MANSON & WOODS
respectfully give notice that they win hold the following
sd.l's ii> AUCTION, at their Great E.>nms. King Street, St.
dames- Square, the sales commencing at 1 o'clock precisely :—
On MONDAY, May 21, MODERN PICTURES
and DRAWINGS, Hie Property of the late A. CAPPER PASS. Baq.,
hen.
On TUESDAY, Max 22, a PORTION of the
KEEl.E HALL HEIRLOOMS
On WEDNESDAY, May 23, fine OLD ENGLISH
SILVER PLATE from numerous sour,,-, and OLD ENGLISH
SILVER and EARLY ENGLISH SPOONS, the Property of T. M.
FALLOW, Esq.
On THURSDAY, Mav 24, and FRIDAY.
Mav •>:. PORCELAIN. OBJECTS n? ART and DECORATION, and
OLI) RNGT.ISH and FRENCH FURNITURE of the late THOMAS
BOADE WOODS.
OnSATl'RDAY. Mav 20, important PICTURES
and DRAWINGS the Proportj of the late THOMAS BOADB
woods; also highly Importanl PIOTURJJ8 of the Early English
BohooL
Curiosities.
MR. J. C. STEVENS'S NEXT SALE
CURIOS will take place on TUESDAY NEXT. at 12.30. and
will include some tine Ivorv Carvings. Bronre-. Bronse Gill Idols,
and Curios from Thibet— Gold and Silver Coin- BaXtel Prints—
old Newspapers and Document- a Collection of Punishment ami
Torture Implements- Chinese 811k Embroidered Rols- Fiie s
Painting; on Glass, and Porcelain— Roman and Etruscan Pottery—
pi. i me- -Prints ami the usual inisccllaio on- assortment.
on view dav prioi 19 to "• and morning of Sale. Catalogues OU'
application.
N° 4099, May 19, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
595
Valuable Natural History and other Books.
WEDNESDAY, May SS, at half-pact IS o'clock.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER, at his
liooms, S8. King Street, Oovent Garden, London, \V .(' -.The
ORNITHOLOGICAL LIBRARY of the late W. E. HELMAN
PinSLEY. Esq., Including Seebohm's British Birds— Lord Lilfo.nl s
Birds of Northamptonshire — The Transactions of the Devonshire
Association— and many County Natural Histories, &c. Also from
another source: Complete Sets of the Entomological Transactions,
1S3H-1904, Si vols. half-calf-Zoologist, 40 vols, half-calf— many valuable
Botanical Works— Ray Society Works— Natural History Pamphlets,
many rare.
On view day prior 2 to 4 and morning of Sale. Catalogues on
application.
Sales of Miscellaneous Property.
"\/TR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
JjJL SALES are held EVERY FRIDAY', at his Rooms. 38. King
Street, Covent Garden, London. W.C., for the disposal of MICRO-
SCOPES. SLIDES, and OBJECTIVES — Telescopes— Theodolites—
Levels— Electrical and Scientific Instruments— Cameras, Lenses, and
all kinds of Photographic Apparatus— Optical Lanterns with Slides
and all Accessories in great variety by Best Makers — Household
Furniture— Jewellery— and other Miscellaneous Proiwrty.
On view Thursday 2 to 5 and morning of Sale.
jHaga^irtes, &c.
EIGHTH EDITION* (190G), Revised ami Enlarged,
crown Svo, 10s. Crf.
N ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON THE
INTEGRAL CALCULUS.
A
Containing Applications to Plane Curves and Surfaces,
and also Chapters on the Calculus of Variations,
with numerous Examples.
BENJAMIN WILLIAMSON,
D.Sc. D.C.L. F.R.S.
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO.
39, Paternoster Row, London, E.C.
s
JUST PUBLISHED.
ONGS FROM THE CLASSICS.
By CHARLES F. GRINDROD.
Crown Svo, 3s. Gil. net.
Being sixteen short poems on some of the best-known
Greek myths.
CTUDIES IN RHYME AND RHYTHM.
By CHARLES F. GRINDROD.
Crown Svo, 3& 6rf. net.
" Practically perfect in their art. He invites comparison
with Wordsworth by singing of 'Daffodils'; but his
temerity does not lead to disaster The introductory
sonnet to Sir Edward Elgar comes near to being a gem."
Court Circular.
" He has also imagination, and when he finds an adequate
theme, as in the 'Diver's Tale,' he writes with power and
distinction." — Spectator.
" Mr. Grindrod, as his title might imply, is very various
in his poetical essays— light and serious ; song, ballad,
sonnet, and ode — and achieves a high level of effect in all."
Timet.
" Mr. Grindrod is at his best in his love-poems. The four
Stanzas of the 'Love Song' are quite charming in their
.simple tenderness." — Daily Telegraph.
"Mr. Grindrod boldly and successfully attempts many
and unusual metres. He uses them with taste and care,
suiting them to the subject of each several poem. He
understands also the value of words, and makes us see his
sunshine on the earth, and shudder at his horrors under
the ocean." — Bookman.
KLEIN MATHEWS, Vigo Street, London.
mHEORY AND PRACTICE OF REFERENCE
J- REFORM. Index to Documents, 1S06, System of Classification
separately, Half a Crown. DepOt and Reference Room at Charing
Cross.
J. R. SMITH, 10. Laburnum Road, Epsom.
THE BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine
Street, London, W.C.. MAY' 19, contains :—
Liabilities of Trade Unions; The Paris Salons; The Effect of Fire
Building Stones i Surveyors Institution); At the Chateau de
Bagatelle ; Prehistoric IJfe on the Downs: Horn.- Arts and Industries
Exhibition ; Mathematical Data for Architects (Student's Column);
Illustrations of the Alliance Assurance Offices, 8t. James's Street;
Royal Exchange Bondings, City ; Busbrldge Mall. Qodalrning ; Offices,
Catherine Street, Oorent Garden, Itc,— From Office as above ltd., by
post tjd), or through any Newsagent,
\ l'.OUT 2,000 BOOKS WANTED arc advertised
J \ tor weekly in TDK PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR AND HOOK-
SELLERS' RECORD [established I8J7I, which also gives Lists of the
V « I'.iki ks published during the Week, Announcements of New
Books, 4c. Subscribers have the privilege of ■ Free Advertisement
for Four Hooks Wanted Weekly. Sent for n weeks, nost free, for
K> id. Home and lit. Foreign Subscription. Price Three Halfpence
Weekly.— Office ; Bt Dunstau'i House, Fetter Lane, U.ndon.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
NO MAN'S LAND. A History of Spitsbergen from its Discavery
to the beginning of the Scientific Exploration of the Country. By Sir Martin Conway.
Here the author tells the story of events in and on the coasts of Spitsbergen
Royal 8vo since its discovery in 1596. Year by year from early in the seventeenth century,
11 mates 13 maps Spitsbergen has' been the scene of industries attracting adventurers of many
v ' nations, whose purposes, rivalries and fortunes are related. The book is illustrated
10s 6d net ^h eleven full-page plates and has thirteen maps.
IMMUNITY IN INFECTIVE DISEASES. By Elie Metchnikoff,
Foreign Member of the Royal Society of London, Professor at the Pasteur Institute,
Paris.° Translated from the French by Francis G. Binnie, of the Pathological Depart-
ment, University of Cambridge.
Royal Svo
45 figs, in text
18s net
' The subject with which this admirable volume deals is one which has in recent
years attracted a vast amount of attention.. . .No more important book on the
"subject has ever appeared in the English language. '— Athenaeum.
'The book is most interesting reading Study of it is indispensable to all who
are specially interested in the subject of immunity. ' — Lancet.
'The Cambridge University Press lias done a real service in publishing a trans-
lation of Elie Metchnikoffs volume.'— Westminster Gazette.
NAPOLEON. Volume IX. of the Cambridge Modern History,
planned by the late Lord Acton, edited by A. W. Ward, Litt.D. G. W. Prothero, Litt.D.
and Stanley Leathes, M.A.
Vol. IX
Royal 8vo
16s net
Earlier volumes
of the History
Subscription price.
'All that is best in the scholarship of Europe for the period is put under
demand to contribute an array of skilfully marshalled facts of the Napoleonic era
such as probably has never before been gathered in one volume.'— Daily Chronicle.
' No one man's labour could produce the same effect on the reader's mind, for the
Unity of one man's thought makes a weaker impression than the unity revealed
when many men's labour, each approaching the subject from a special side, are
seen to tell the same tale.' — Morning Post.
' Unquestionably, this is one of the most interesting and valuable volumes of
the Cambridge Modern History— a veritable storehouse of information and a trust-
worthy aid to the interpretation of a dramatic and memorable epoch.'— standard.
The twelve volumes in which the Cambridge Modern History will cover the
period from the close of the Middle Ages to the present day, are issued in two
series : the one beginning with Volume I and the other with Volume VII. Under
this arrangement six volumes have now appeared: viz. I — The Renaissance, 11 —
The Reformation, III— The Wars of Beligion, VII— The United States, VIII— The
French Revolution, and IX — Napoleon.
Anv volume of the History may be purchased separately, at 16*. net. But
subscriptions of £7 : 10 : net are" received for the complete work in twelve volumes.
Such subscriptions may be paid either at once in full, or half now (for the
six volumes ready) and 'the balance in instalments of lis 6d on the publication of
each of the six remaining volumes.
THE CULT OF THE HEAVENLY TWINS. By J. Rendel
Harris, M.A. D.Litt. Author of ' The Dioscuri in the Christian Legends.'
Demy 8vo
6s
In this book Dr. Harris returns to the subject introduced in The Dioscuri in
the Christian Legends, and gives a widened survey of customs connected with
twin-births, of the origin and nature of the attribution of divinity to those so
born, and of the traces of these legendary beliefs found in the Calendar of the
Christian Church.
THE LARGER CAMBRIDGE SEPTUAGINT being The Old
Testament in Greek according to the text of Codex Vaticanus, supplemented from
other Uncial Manuscripts; with a critical apparatus containing the variants of the
chief ancient authorities for the text of the Septuagint. Edited by A. E. Brooke, B.D.
Fellow and Dean of King's College, and N. McLean, M.A. Fellow of Christ's College
University Lecturer in Aramaic.
For many yean past the Cambridge Press have had In preparation an edition
of the Septuagint which endeavours to exhibit the text of one of the great uncial
codices with a precision corresponding to present knowledge, together with a full
apparatus of the variants of the other MSS.
Editions of the
Septuagint
1. The smaller:
Crown 8vo, cloth
3 vols, 7s 6d each
2. The larger :
Demy 4to, paper covers
Vol. I. Part I. (Genesis)
7s 6d net
The plan adopted lias included the preparation Of two editions,.! smaller anil a
larger, with a common text, that of the Vatican MS. These editions differ in the
extent of their critical apparatus. The smaller or manual edition— Dr. Swete's Old
Testament in Gret fc(3 vols, cloth, 7s. Bd. each)- confines itself to the variations of a
few of the most important uncial codices already edited in letterpress, facsimile,
or photograph. The larger edition, necessarily the labour of many years, gives the
variations of all the Creek uncial MSS., of select Greek cursive MSS., of the more
important versions, and of the quotations mule bs Philo and the earlier eccle-
siastical writers. Its object is to present clearly the evidence available for the
reconstruction of the text or texts of the Septuagint.
Publication of the smaller edition began in 1887; the work has reached its
third edition, and is recognised as the standard edition of the Septuagint in all
countries. Publication of the larger edition is now beginning. Vol L, to contain
the Octateuch, will be published in four parts, and Part I., containing
now ready, price 7a tW. net.
Subscriptions are received for Vol. I., the Octateuch, and subscribers will
obtain each of the four parts .it a reduction of one-fifth of the published pi ice. A
prospectus, with specimen page and order-form, will be sent post-free oh applica-
tion to the Cambridge Universitj Press Warehouse.
London, Fetter Lane : Cambridge University Press Warehouse : C. F. Ci.ay, Manager
Til E ATM KNJEUM
N°409!», May 19, 1906
S.GORER&SON
BEG TO ANNOUNCE THAT
THEY HAVE
ON VIEW
AT THEIR GALLERIES,
170, NEW BOND STREET
THE
TRAPNELL
COLLECTION
O F
OLD CHINESE
PORCELAIN.
ADMISSION ON PRESENTATION OF
VISITING CARD ONLY.
OPEN DAILY 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.
SATURDAY 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
S.GORER&SON
170, NEW BOND STREET
LONDON, W.
MESSRS. CONSTABLE'S
L I 8 T.
— ♦ —
NEXT WEEK.
THE CHURCH IN
FRANCE.
By J. E. C. BODLET,
Author of ' 1m. in".'
Crown 8vo, 8a M. net.
SOME RECENT PUBLICATIONS.
THE LIFE OF ALFRED AINGER By
EDITH SICHBL, Author of 'Catherine <le' Medici.'
with Photogravure Frontispiece ;>m<i other Illustra-
tions. Demy Svo, 12*. W. net.
SOME LITERARY ECCENTRICS. By
JOHN FYYIE, Author of 'Some Women of Wit and
Beauty,' Ac. Illustrated. Demy 8vo, 12*. Gd. net.
Studies of Thomas Amory, Thomas Day, William Beck-
ford, Walter Savage [andor William Hazlitt, Henry
Crabb Kobinson, Charles Babbage, Douglas Jerrold,
George Wither, James L, Sir John Mandeville.
THE POETRY AND PHILOSOPHY OF
GEORGE MEREDITH. By G. M. THKVKLYAN.
Crown 8vo, 3#. 6d. net.
HISTORICAL GREEK COINS. By G. F.
Hill, Author of 'The Coins of Sicily,' Ac. With 13
Plates illustrating 100 Coins. Demy 8vo, 10*. Gd. net.
TACITUS, AND OTHER ROMAN
STUDIES. By GASTON BOISSIER, Professor of
Latin Eloquence at the College de France. Translated
by W. G. HUTCHINSON. Demy Svo, 6*. net.
THE FLORENTINE HISTORY. Written
by NTCCOLO MACHIAVELLI. Translated from the
Italian by NINIAN HILL THOMSON, M.A. In
2 vols, extra crown Svo, 128. Gif. net.
LINCOLN, MASTER OF MEN. By
ALONZO ROTHSCHILD. With Portraits. Demy
8vo, 12*. Cd.
THE LOG OF A SEA ANGLER. By
CHARLES FREDERICK HOLDER. Crown Svo,
6*. net.
SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
HEADY TO-BAY.
SET IN AUTHORITY.
By SARA JEANETTE DUNCAN,
Author of ' An American Girl in London,' ' The Path of a
Star,' &c.
THE EVASION.
By E. B. FROTHINGHAM.
FACE TO FACE.
By FRANCISCO ACEBAL.
Translated by MARTIN HUME.
THE HOUSE OF COBWEBS,
And other Stories,
By GEORGE GIKSING.
Author of 'The Private Panels of Henry Uyeeroft,'
' Veranilda,' Ac.
With an Introduction by T. E. SECOOMBE.
ANTHONY BRITTEN.
By HERBERT MACILWAIXK.
Author of : Dinkinbar • lite the 1 llllu \
CATTLE BRANDS.
By ANDY ADAMS.
Author of 'Till' Log Of a Cowboy,' Ac.
ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE A CO., Limited,
](i, James Street, Haymarket, London, S. W.
MRS. HUMPHRY
WARDS
NEW NOVEL.
FROM THE SPECTATOR,' MAY 12.
" A deeply interesting, eloquent, and finely
wrought study of the magnanimous and the
artistic temperaments."
FENWICK S 6/-
GAREER.
With llhi-tiations by
ALBERT STERNER.
SECOND IMPRESSION READY
IMMEDIATELY.
SOME PRESS OPINIONS.
ATHENjEUM.—" The setting .Mrs. Ward ha*
chosen has been carefully and thoroughly fashioned.
Few novelists timid have done it half bo well
Madame de Pastourelles is by far the best drawn
picture in the book. She is also the rarest and
most delicate, the most consistent and convincing.
The book is not a whirl of passion at any stage,
but it is tilled with a calm and strong interest. It
is thoroughly enjoyable, with oharm as well as an
idea of its own."
STANDARD.— "It is a rare pleasure to find a
literary aitist whose work shows steady improve-
ment with each fresh publication. One has the
satisfaction of finding that every book — or nearly
every book she writes— is better than the I
And there will be many who will hold, not
unwarrantably, that ' Fenwick's Career' is the
of all."
DAILY CHRONICLE.- "Once again has Mn
Ward proved her fitness to be numbered among the
leaders of living novelists. The new l>ook is a
piece of notable work— a triumph of constructive
skill, of subtle and consistent characterization,
of definite and happy expression, ,,f vital force.
Like its predecessors from her pen, it stands out
from the mass of fiction of the day — a work dis-
tinctive, apart."
TRIBUNE. — " A story rich in detail and
incident. Putting down the book, one feel
great admiration of the art. the imagination, the
warm sympathy, the beautiful tenderness of tin.
Humphry Ward's style, and a great gratitude
to a novelist who has such a high and admirable
ideal of her calling. It is difficult to praise the
book enough.'"
NEW YORK 77.1/ AX — •• Mrs. Ward
written a book of rare power and beauty. 1' ia
pre-eminently a novel of character, and the more
frequently it is read the more one marvels at the
warm, vital humanity of its creations We
think it attains a height hitherto unreached bj
author. She has poured into it her dee]
thought, her ripest wisdom, and it stands to-day
the noblest expression of her genius. We
from the reading spiritually and intellectually
illumined."
FENWICK S 6/-
With Illustrations by
ALBERT STERNER
CAREER.
SECOND IMPRESSION READY
IMMEDIATELY.
An EDITION DE LUXE in 2 vols., 21s. net,
limited to 250 Copies, will be READY on
MAY 21. Particulars on application.
London :
SMITH, ELDER & CO. 15, Waterloo Plaoe, >.W.
N°4099, May 19, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
597
HARPER & BROTHERS' NEW LIST.
QUEEN OF QUEENS
AND THE
MAKING OF SPAIN.
By CHRISTOPHER HARE,
Author of 'The Most Illustrious Ladies of the Italian Renaissance,' &c.
Profusely illustrated. Demy 8vo, 10s. 6d.
A graphic picture of Spain in its grandeur under the great Queen
Isabella. The book deals also with the period of the Moorish Dominion, the
events which led up to the union of the Provinces, and the rise of Spain as a
Christian power. This account of the land and the period of romance and
chivalry is as fascinating as it is important.
THE BOYHOOD OF
A GREAT KING
By A. M. BROADLEY.
A Vivid and Picturesque Account of the Upbringing and Early
Life of King Edward VII.
Illustrated by Reproductions from a Unique Series of Contemporary
Royal Autographs and Drawings.
Demy 8vo, 10s. 6d. net (post free lis ). [May B4.
EDITION DE LUXE, limited to 125 Copies, with 8 Additional
Photogravures, Hand-Made Paper, imperial 4to, 42s. net.
TWO BOOKS OF PRESSING IMPORTANCE BY H. W. NEVINSON.
THE DAWN IN RUSSIA
Demy 8vo, illustrated, 7s. 6d. net (post free, 7s. lid.). [Immediately.
Mr. Nevinson, who has all along been an eye-witness of events in Russia, writes a stirring account of the whole situation right up to the present moment,
when the Duma has been opened by the Czar.
A MODERN SLAVERY.
THE PRESENT SLAVE TRADE IN PORTUGUESE WEST AFRICA.
Demy 8vo, illustrated, 6s. [Immediately.
A thrilling story of Mr. Nevinson's expedition to the heart of the slave-trade country, and the revelations which are now receiving the attention of the
British Government.
SPORTING TRIPS OF A
SUBALTERN.
By Capt. B. R. M. GLOSSOP.
Profusely illustrated. Demy 8vo, 10s. 6d.
" Here we have the book of a famous big game shot in which simplicity
and even naivete" are the primary note One can read of the hunting of nearly
all the sorts of game Illustrated with the best photographs we have seen."
Standnrd.
A STRIKING WORK BY A NEW HUMOURIST.
PINCH POTTY & CO.
By W. G. YARCOTT.
Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth pictorial, 3s. 6d. [May 2/f.
What Mr. W. W. Jacobs has done for the Bargee and his friends, Mr.
Yarcott here does for the London "Cabby" and the associations of the
Cabmen's Shelter. It is ideal material for the humourist, and Mr. Yarcott
has handled it so deftly that thousands will read it with greatest delight.
LATER QUEENS OF THE FRENCH STAGE.
By H. NOEL WILLIAMS, Author of 'Madame du Barry,' &c. Profusely illustrated. Medium 8vo, 10s. 6d. net (post free, lis.).
"Interesting and entertaining Readers with a taste for history will find it no less amusing than a novel. It helps to make known the social history
of eighteenth-century France." — Daily Telegraph.
THEIR HUSBANDS' WIVES.
Containing Contributions by MARK TWAIN and others. 3s. 6d.
[May 24.
THE PRINCESS OLGA.
By ERVIN WARDMAN. 6s
A spirited story of a resourceful young engineer and a beautiful woman
who takes part in a plot to thwart his undertaking.
A NEW BOOK BY THE AUTHOR OF 'LADY BEATRIX AND THE
FORBIDDEN MAN.'
FOR WHICH WIFE?
3s. 6d.
"It is decidedly 'smart,' always amusing, very well written, bright in
dialogue, and shows real ability in the oreatiou and development of
character." — Morning /'<><'.
"The author lias a story to tell, and tells it well.''— Time*.
" Conspicuously illustrative of a certain phase of present day society."
Scotsman.
THE GENIUS.
By MARGARET POTTER,
Author of 'The House of De Mailly.' 6s.
" In the hero it is not difficult to recognize the Russian composer
Tschaikovsky. There are some exciting incidents in the story, and novel
readers will find it full of interest." — Daily Telegraph.
THE SAGE BRUSH PARSON.
By A. B. WARD. 6s.
" Read Mr. Ward's book, for it introduces some tine characters and a
vivid picture of Nevada mining life." — Pall Mall Gazette.
THE LONG ARM.
By S M. GARDENHIRE,
Author of 'The Silence of Mis. BarroloV 6s.
"So attractive after the resuscitated and hopelessly monotonous Sherlock
Holmes that it may be confidently reoommended to the British public."
World.
HARPER & BROTHERS, 45, Albemarle Street, London, W.
THE ATI! EN2EUM
N 1099, Mw 19, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NEW BOOKS.
[881 I i:i M»\ on I I i.>l>A\ .
THM
STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK.
viiii-tii-.il ,'ui.l Historical Innnal of the st.it.- of the
World, for the Year 1008. Edited bj J BOOT1 KBL1 n
I.I |i \\ i;h M.i|.-. Chihii BVO, li". SI ml.
BBOOND EDITION.
MEMORIALS OF
EDWARD BURNE-JONES.
ByG. r. .1. \vitii 41 Photogravures sud other Illustrations.
Second Edition. 8 Tola. Bro, gilt t"i>, 80*. net.
LIFE & EXPERIENCES OF
SIR HENRY ENFIELD
R03C0E, D.C.L. LL.D. F.R.S.
Written by Himself. With Photogravure Portraits and
ether Illustrations, Bvo, 12a net.
ENGLISH MEN OF LETTERS.— -New Vol.
WALTER PATER.
r.y \. c. BENSON. Crown 8vo, i*. net.
HENRY SIDGWICK: a Memoir.
By A. 8. and E. M. S. With Portraits. 8vo, lis. Cd. net
A HISTORY OF
ENGLISH PROSODY
From the Twelfth Century to the Present Day.
liy GEORGE SAINTSBUBY, M.A. Hon.LL.D-., Professor
of Rhetoric and English Literature in the University of
Edinburgh. 3 vols. §vo. Vol. I. FROM THE ORIGINS
TO SPENSER. 10*. net.
A HANDBOOK OF
BRITISH INLAND BIRDS.
By ANTHONY COLLETT. With Coloured and Outline
Plates of Eggs by ERIC PARKER. Crown 8vo, 6*.
BVENISGSTA NDA HI) A NDST. JAMES'S GAZETTE.
— "This volume is one to read and to possess. It teaches
much that is well worth knowing, and encourages a study
that doubles the value and zest of the most ordinary
country ramble.''
WITH COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS.
ELIZABETH AND HER
GERMAN GARDEN.
With Coloured Illustrations by S. HARMON VEDDER.
Extra crown 8vo, 7*. M. net.
POCKET TENNYSON.
TENNYSON'S
COMPLETE WORKS.
In 0 vols. Fcap. Svo, limp cloth, Zs. net; limp leather,
it. net each.
Vol. I. JUVENILIA AND ENGLISH IDYLS. Vol. II.
IN MEMOBIAM, MAID, and other Poems.
with a preface by nil', r.isiiopop Winchester.
AN ENQUIRY INTO THE
EVIDENTIAL VALUE OF
PROPHECY:
being the Hulsean Prize E-sav for 1004. By E. A.
EDGHILL, M.A. Crown Svo, 7«. 0<f.
NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OP* THE VIRGINIAN. '
LADY BALTIMORE.
By OWEN WISTBB. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, 6*.
black ASI> WHITE.—" Full of charming portraitoof
people and places and "f elegant sentences, rippling over
wito a gentle and distinguished humour, it must take its
place a- the freshest and most winsome hook that the
spring has yet given as."
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd., Londen.
HURST & BLACKETT'S OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS.
NEW LIST.
In l \..l. royal Bvo, with numerous Dltutrationi
from Photographs taki illy for thii l.'«>U.
P0RFIRI0 DIAZ, Seven Times
I'm ident of Mexico. By Mr-. ALRC
TWEEDIE, Author ol ' M I vw It,'
fee, Prioe 21a, net.
In I \dl. derm tto, cloth, gill top, containing 41
Pull-Page Illustrations inColoui and :i'i in Jilack
and White, reprodnoed from the finest known
Bpei imons, prioe 21. 2& net.
THE FIRST CENTURY OF ENG-
LISH PORCELAIN, 1744 1 850. By W.
MOORE BINN8, Director of PumivalB,
Limited, and late Art Director of the Royal
Porcelain 'Works, Worcester.
NEW EDITION, in 1 vol medium Svo, contain-
ing all the Text and most of the. Illustrations,
price 10*. <»'/.
LHASA. By Perceval Landon.
SECdND EDITION, in 1 vol. crown Svo, with
numerous Illustrations, price &*. net.
SIX YEARS AT THE RUSSIAN
COURT. Personal Experiences. By M.
EAGAR.
In 1 vol. demy 8vo, with numerous Illustrations,
price 10<*. Qd. net.
ENGLISH FURNITURE AND
FURNITURE MAKERS OF THE EIGH-
TEENTH CENTURY. By R. S. CLOUSTON.
[In the prt 88.
HURST & BLACKETT3
NEW AND POPULAR NOVELS
EACH IN 1 VOL., 6s.
THE SWEETEST SOLACE. By John
RANDAL, Author of 'Paciflco,' 'Aunt Bethia's
Button,' <$x.
THE PREY OF THE STRONGEST By
MORLEY ROBERTS, Author of 'Rachel Man-,' &c.
A YOUNG MAN FROM THE COUNTRY.
By MADAME ALBANESI, Author of 'The Brown
Eyes of Mary,' &c.
JIMMY QUIXOTE. By Tom Gallon, Author
of ' Tatterley,' &c.
THE FLOWER OF FRANCE. By Justin
HUNTLY MCCARTHY, Author of ' If I Were Kins,'
&c.
THE BLACK CUIRASSIER. By Philip
STEVENSON, Author of 'A Gendarme of the Kins,'
THE TRIUMPHS OF EUGENE VALM0NT.
By ROBERT BARR, Author of 'A Prince of Good
Fellows,' 'The Mutable Many,' Ac.
UNDER THE ARCH OF LIFE. By Lady
HENRY SOMERSET. [Second Edition.
THE WHITE HAND. By Carl Joubert,
Author of ' Russia as It Really Is.'
THE DRAKESTONE. By Oliver Onions,
Author of 'The Conipleat Bachelor,' Ac.
[Second Edition.
IN SILENCE. By Mrs. Fred Reynolds,
Author of 'The Man with the Wooden lace,' Ac.
[Second Edition.
JENIFER P0NTEFRACT. By Alice and
CLAl'DE ASKBW, Authors of 'The Shulainil. . A. .
[Second Edition.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limitkp,
1S2, High Holborn, W.C.
THE KING'S ENGLISH; the Com-
man Brron into which Writer* an liable to
fall, and how raoh I in be avoided. l'»y
II. W. I. and J'. <. . 1 . i - . .".-. net.
OXFORD LIBRARY OF TRANS-
LATIONS. I - t per
Volume. New Volumes: —
L0NGINUS0N THE SUBLIME, Trans-
lated by A. 0. PRH HARD.
PROPERTIUS. Trans, by J. S. Phillimore.
CATALOGUE OF THE SPARTA
MUSEUM. liy M. X. TOD and A. J. B.
WACE With many Illustrations.
cloth bank, 1"'. Sd. net.
THE GERMAN CLASSICS. From
the Fourth to the Nine! ntury. With
Biographical Notices, Tranalationa into Modem
German, and Notes by the Right Hon. F.
MAX MULLER Second Ed I Revised
and Enlarged. Vol II. Revised by L.
ARMITAGE. 2 vols. gvo. VoL I, 8a f>i.
net; Vol. II, Sa <»</. net.
THE NATURE OF TRUTH. An
Essay by H. H. JOACHIM. Svo, 8a net.
LECTURES ON THE METHOD OF
SCIENCE. Lectures delivered at the Oxford
University Extension Summer Meeting, 1905,
by T. CASE, F. GOTCH, C - SHER-
rington, w. f. r. weldon, w.
m< dougall, a. h. fison, - Richard
C. TEMPLE, llait. W. FLINDERS PETRIE,
and T. B. STRONG. Edited by the Very
Rev. THE DEAN OF CHRWl' « 'Hl'RCH,
OXFORD, Svo, 7s. (id. net.
THE FACE OF THE EARTH.
(Das AntlitzderErde.) ByEDUARD SUESS.
Translated by HERTHA B. C. SOLLAS,
under the Direction of W. J. SOLLAS. Vol. II.
With 3 Maps and 42 Illustration-. Royal 8vo,
2os. net.
ANNALS OF BOTANY. Edited by
ISAAC BAYLEY BALFOUR, of the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh ; D. H. SCOTT. AY. G.
FARLOW, assisted by other Botanists. The
Subscription Trice of each volume is 1/. lO*.,
payable in advance Intending Subscribers
should send their Names, with Subscription,
to Mr. Henry Frowde. VoL XX. No. LXXYIII.
With !» Plates and 20 Figures in the Text,
price 14a
Contents:— VINES, 8. H. The Proteases of Piaats (IV.>
— THlsKLTON-DYER, SirW. T. Morphological Notes.—
WORSDELL, w. ('. The Structure and Origin of the
Cycadaceae,— HILL, T. <;. On the Seedling-Structure of
certain Piperales,— BEER, R On the Development of the
Spores of Helminthostachys zeylanica.— SALMON, E. S,
On Oidiopsistaurica (Le>.), an endophytic member of the
Ervsiphaceae.— EWART, A. J., and M L90X-JONES, A. J.
The Formation .if Bed Wood in Conifers. — STAl'F. O. The
Statuses of the Canaries of the Subsection Nobiles (I). —
NOTE.
ALSO PUBLISHED BY II EX II Y FROWDE.
C0RYD0N: an Elegy in Memory of
Matthew Arnold and Oxford. Ry REGINALD FAN-
shawe. Crown svo, doth, la M net.
THE WORLD'S CLASSICS.
Cloth hoards, cilt hack, 1»\ net,
LTAN RED LEATHER. ElMP.GILTTOP.ls. 6d.net.
ffBW VOLUMES JUST PUBLISHED.
ANNE BBONTl s TENANT OF Wll.DFELL HALL.
THOREACS WALDEN. With au Introduction by
THBODORB \V\nsl)l iron.
TWENTY THREE TALES BY TOLSTOY. Translated
liy L and A. M u UK.
BORROWS BIBLE IN SPAIN.
CHAUCER'S WORKS. Vol III. (THE CANTER-
BURY TALES, completing the Work.)
London: HENRY FROWDE, Oxford
University Press Warehouse, Amen Corner, E.C
N°4099, May 19, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
599
SA TURD A Y, MA Y 10, 1906.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
599
COO
601
602
Catalogue of Bodleian MSS
The "Pope" of Holland House
Dictionary of German Quotations ..
Early Japanese Religion
New Novels (The Mayor of Troy ; Lady Baltimore ;
Jimmy Quixote ; The Spanish Dowry ; Bartlelys
the Magnificent ; Les Particules) . . . . . . 603
Classical Books 604
Our Library Table (A Vision of India ; Pictures
from the Balkans ; From a College Window ; The
Principles and Methods of Taxation ; La Question
Con^olaise ; Songs by Ben Jonson with the Earliest
Settings; 'The Meaning of Good'; 'The Vicar
of Wakefield'; "Popular Classics"; "World's
Classics") 606—608
The French Original of Wolfram von Esch en-
bach's 'Parzival'; Unpublished Letters of
Charles Lamb; AVhere was the 'Ormulum'
written? The Truman Cruiksiiank Sale 608—609
Literary Gossip 610
Science— Bird Life; Conversazione of the Royal
Society ; Societies ; Meetings Next Week ;
Gossip 611—614
Fine Arts— Munich Exhibition at the Grafton
Gallery ; Masterpieces by French Painters
of the Eighteenth Century ; The Royal
Academy ; Illuminated Manuscripts in the
British Museum ; Notes from Rome ; The
Grimthorpe and other Sales ; Gossip 614—618
Music— Der Vagabund und die Prinzessin ; Der
Barbier von Bagdad ; The Second Rixg
Cycle ; Rigoletto ; Gossip ; Performances
Next Week 618—619
Drama— Raffles ; The Siiulamite ; Gossip 619—620
Index to Advertisers 620
LITERATURE
A Summary Catalogue of Western Manu-
scripts in the Bodleian Library at Oxford.
— Vol. V. Nineteenth Century and
Miscellaneous. By Falconer Madan.
—Vol. VI. Part I. Accessions, 1890-
1904. By the same. (Oxford, Clarendon
Press.)
It is sixteen years since, in response to a
timely appeal from Mr. Andrew Clark,
the Curators of the Bodleian decided
upon the series of Summary Catalogues
of which these are the most recent instal-
ment. The ground covered in the fifth
volume, to quote the title more fully, is
that of the collections received during the
second half of the nineteenth century,
and miscellaneous manuscripts acquired
between 1695 and 1890. The numbers
extend from 24,331 to 31 ,000. Mr. Madan
informs us that the entire collection of
Western manuscripts in the Bodleian is
now catalogued in print, and as he has
been personally responsible for all the
volumes of the series which have so far
appeared, he may well view his handiwork
with pride, as we do with amazement.
For the reader of this summary, which
extends over 1,000 pages, experiences
something of the wonderment which befalls
the narrator in ' The Arabian Nights ' or
the explorers of untrodden caves, or
which befell Keats when he opened Chap-
man's Homer. Anything from the four
quarters of the world may lie bnried here.
As the index is not to appear until 1910,
one must dig until one finds.
Tin- accumulation of written and allied
matter, such as it is now recognized that
the literary historian of the present day
has a right to expect in public and national
institutions, is so enormous that a detailed
description of it is a very difficult task.
The fashion of the series now under review
was adopted from the French, in their
inventaire sommaire of the Bibliotheque
Nationale. The result, we are prepared
to assert, is very little short of perfec-
tion. We have been carefully through
this bulky volume several times, and each
time with additional satisfaction. There
is not a point, in accordance with the canons
of modern bibliography, which has been
missed. Where Mr. Madan may have
travelled perhaps somewhat cursorily
over an extremely intricate detail, palaeo-
graphical or other, Bodley's Librarian
has come to his aid with additional re-
marks, inserted in the text of his colleague,
between brackets. The fullest advantage,
too, has been taken of the opinions of
experts, all duly set out and acknow-
ledged with courtesy and businesslike
brevity.
If criticism, then, is silenced in the
presence of this catalogue, equally it is
impossible to set before the reader the
wealth of it at all adequately. Mr.
Madan, as on previous occasions, has in
his preface drawn attention to some of
its most striking features, though here,
unfortunately, no special lists are supplied
of German MSS. But one cannot sum
up over 9,000 manuscripts in four or five
pages — nor, indeed, in one review, be it
added. The two Gregorian Sacramen-
taries and the Greek Gospels and Genesis
of the ninth century, the Latin Isidore
and Cassiodorus of the tenth, are obvious
items of exceptional interest, as also is the
Gospel-book of St. Margaret of Scotland
(29,744), the history of its discovery being
one of the most romantic in the annals
of bibliography in modern times, and, of
course, duly recorded here. The Horae
connected with Anne of Bohemia (29,742)
form a very suitable companion volume.
The fragment of Aldhelm ' De Laudibus
Virginitatis ' (30,591), ascribed to the
eighth century and to an English origin,
has evidently exercised Mr. Nicholson, who
confesses to knowing no similar writing,
and places it two centuries later. Cer-
tainly there is much still to be done in
this field. We believe a similar fragment
of Aldhelm has recently been given to
Cambridge. The Bodleian leaf, we think,
is still unpublished. With it may be
compared the Orosius (30,481). A tanta-
lizing allusion to twelfth-century Syriac
occurs in the description of the Thomas
Aquinas (24,468). Unfortunately the writ-
ing itself has disappeared.
If we turn from the rare to the curious,
there is no end to the material for comment.
The entry which gives us most pleasure is,
we confess, from one MS. of the Hamilton
collection. It consists of the Epistle sent
by the Devil from the centre of Hell to the
Princes of the World, and specially those
of the Modern Church (24,469). This may
be well known, but it is new to us, at least.
From this ebullition to the pathetic
appeals of Master William Mulwer, school-
boy, for additional holidays (30,570,
30,585), there is nothing which may not
be here expected and found. At the end
of the volume come (p. 903) some account
of the Charters and Rolls, a separate series;
statements with regard to the Bodleian
collection of rubbings of monumental
brasses, which was formed in 1904 and is
a new feature ; and of photographic
negatives, which have to be reckoned
with nowadays as part of the impedimenta
of every first-class library. It must not
be forgotten that many of the Oxford
collections which belong to the colleges are
now deposited in the Bodleian, such as
the New College charters (p. 904 ; some
further New College documents are also
here, pp. 635, 654), and MSS. of Brase-
nose, Hertford, Jesus, Lincoln, University,
and the Clarendon Press (p. 934). The
Curators of the Bodleian may well have
taken John vi. 12 to heart. Very little,
indeed nothing, has escaped the meshes
of their net, whether it be a catalogue
entry or a reply postcard. The prices
have been openly, and very properly,
given in all cases of acquisition.
Mr. Nicholson sets out all his researches
upon that baffling fragment of a Latin
Chronicle (30,572) in battle array, and
reverts to the charge among the corrigenda.
Indeed the corrigenda to vols, iii., iv.,
and v. (amounting to some twenty-three
pages) form some of the best reading in the
present volume, embodying final expert
conclusions upon knotty points, given by
scholars like the Rev. H. M. Bannister,
Mr. Sidney Cockerel!, Mr. Priebsch, Mr.
S. Gibson, and others. The note upon the
Ormesby Psalter (21,941) in vol. iv.
extends alone to five closely printed pages.
The remark is quoted, with approval,
that this is the finest manuscript executed
in England which is in the Bodleian
(p. xxii). The provenance of MS. 21,870
is now, on the suggestion of Mr. Bannister,
at last relegated to Peterborough. In the
same way it is interesting to see Mr. II. Y.
Thompson piecing together more suo one
of his own MSS. from the shelves of the
Bodleian (p. xxvii). The provenance of
the Octateuch (Canon. Gr. 35) as dis-
covered by Dr. M. R. James is not, how-
ever, recorded. Further information upon
St. Walepaxtus (30,618) would be grate-
fully received, for we do not find him in
the pages of Grotefend.
The Miscellanea in vol. v. have been
divided into two sections; the first arranged
chronologically from 1695 to 1890, the
second containing, in alphabetical arrange-
ment, the names of all the collections in
the Library which at present bear separate
titles— an arrangement which is extremely
helpful, for nothing is more distressing to
the student than complicated catalogue-
notation. The system, indeed, is tanta-
mount to subject-indexing. However de-
sirable this may be, many entries err — •
the entry under Boreal MSS., for example
— on the side of completeness, for a photo-
graphic reproduction of a foreign manu-
script can hardly with fairness be included
in a catalogue of the Bodleian collection.
and this is a patent cause of the excessive
bulk of the present volume. But for the
thoroughness and accuracy with which
Mr. Madan has done his work we have
nothing but praise. We had noted only
one misprint in the whole catalogue, and
that we subsequently found carefully
Con
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4099, May 19, 1906
recorded by Bodley's Librarian in the
corrigenda. As for painstaking collations,
that on p. 711 may well be held up as an
example— perhaps as an awful example.
The constantly reiterated statement that
a full index of the contents of any par-
ticular manuscript is in the Library,
though not here set out, inspires one
with the fullest confidence and satis-
faction concerning the present traditions
of the Bodleian. If we compare this
series with the sumptuous catalogues
of the Cambridge college libraries, the
gain can hardly be said in their case
to be commensurate with the additional
cost, On the other hand, the catalogue
of the Additional MSS. at the British
Museum would profit, if space and funds
permitted, by a greater amount of detail
such as we find here.
Interesting as the fifth volume is, the
first part of vol. vi., representing the acces-
sions between 1890 and 1904 (31,001-
33,548), may fairly claim to surpass it
in this way. " The half, in accordance with
the old saying, is more than the whole.
The study of literary documents lias
advanced very rapidly during the last
fifteen years, as a glance at the record of
the Greek papyri and parchments recovered
from Egypt, and now here, alone would
show. The centuries here represented,
from the second century before the Chris-
tian era onwards, have come very close to
us during this remarkable period. The
more usual Western MSS., too, contain
here some very noteworthy items, among
which we should single out the unique
York Gradual (32,940), made known to
the public by the Rev. W. H. Frere in the
Journal of Theological Studies, and the
Private Prayers of Queen Katherine, wife
of Henry V. (31,537), to which Mr. Nichol-
son has appended an elaborate study.
Nor must the return of an old Oxford
manuscript, Capgrave's autograph Exodus
(32,386), presented by Duke Humphrey
in 1444, be passed over. No less remark-
able, in another path, is the astounding
accumulation of Oxford documents relating
to the social life of the past (the Oxford
Barbers' Company Records, for example)
and of the present day — menus from
Corpus Christi College, and gatebills, and
Christ Church Buttery, Kitchen, and Gate
Papers. The historian of the future will
surely not fail for want of material. The
Bodleian, at any rate, by encouraging such
donations, has done its part. Beyond
Oxford, the Shelley MSS., the Hallam
Dialect Collections, Col. Barrow's extra-
ordinary journal, and the Tercentenary
papers (which are oecumenical) are all here
included. Irish and Welsh MSS. are
fairly well represented. Finally we have
Mr. E. S. Dodgson's Basque postcards.
The most revolutionary feature of these
catalogues is undoubtedly the inclusion
of the film negatives, photographs, litho-
graphs, and printed facsimiles of non-
Bodleian manuscripts. It is difficult wholly
to justify the Bodleian authorities in this.
But the principle once accepted, the result
at any rate is completely satisfactory. It
saves time, and this, after all, is the highest
justification.
The " Pope " of Holland House : Selections
from the Correspondence of John WhisJiaw
and his Friends. Edited and annotated
by Lady Seymour. With a Memoir of
Whishaw and an Account of " The King
of Clubs " by W. P. Courtney. (Fisher
Unwin.)
Allusions to John Whishaw frequently
occur in the memoirs and biographies con-
cerned witli the Regency and the reigns
of George IV. and William IV., more par-
ticularly when their subjects happen to
be Whigs. He held for many years the
Commissionership for auditing the Public
Accounts ; as an active member of the
African Institution, he became the anony-
mous biographer of Mungo Park. His
importance consisted chiefly, however, in
his friendships with Whig leaders like
Lord Holland and Lord Lansdowne, and
his recognized place in that brilliant society
which included Sydney Smith, Rogers,
Luttrell, Brougham, and many more
whom it would be tedious to particularize.
Whishaw was thoroughly at home both
at Holland House and " the King of Clubs."
On the untimely death of Horner, he was
regarded as the most fitting person to
write the life ; but he had to relinquish
it for a more responsible task — the
guardianship of the young Romillys.
Whishaw was, in short, a man held in
universal esteem, whom Sydney Smith
aptly described to Earl Grey as " one of
the most sensible men in England, and his
opinions valuable if he will give them."
When he did express them, his confidence
in his own views won for him the nick-
names of " the Pope " and " the Mufti."
It is curious that he should have
escaped the notice of the ' Dictionary of
National Biography.' Mr. W. P. Courtney
makes the omission good in the volume
before us by a capital memoir, in which
he collects the information requisite to
illustrate a highly honourable, if unevent-
ful career.
Whishaw's correspondence, which Lady
Seymour has judiciously edited, was
chiefly addressed to Mr. Thomas Smith,
of Easton Grey, a well-informed Wiltshire
squire, and afterwards to his wife, who
was intimate with the Lansdownes at
Bowood and with Ricardo at Gatcombe.
Its character was well described by
Mackintosh, who, while in exile at Bombay,
thanked him for his " calm views of lite-
rature and politics, peculiarly adapted to
satisfy a distant observer." The remark
is equally true of those distant in point
of time. Never was there a man quite so
reasonable as Whishaw, though his was
not the sweet reasonableness dear to
Matthew Arnold, but a somewhat sour
variety of that quality. He did not attain
to infallibility, but he maintained an
equable mind during the gravest crises,
such as the trial of Queen Caroline and
the period of the Reform Bill. The long
exclusion of the Whigs from office was
accepted by him with indifference ; thus
in 1820 he wrote : —
" The Sovereign even if favourably dis-
posed to Whig Ministers (which is very
questionable) is feeble and timid ; and the
present men have a strong hold upon Parlia-
ment and the country, and could not effectu-
ally be displaced without a great effort.
For my part, I never expect to see again a
Whig Ministry, and I do not know, consider-
ing by how frail a tenure they must hold
their offices, whether such a thing is
desirable."
Whishaw declined to bow the knee to
Madame de Stael when she took London
society captive : —
" She is very good-natured, and occasion-
ally, I believe, shows great kindness and
benevolence ; and she has great ease and
frankness in her deportment, though not
strictly good manners. Her talents in
society are principally displayed in eloquent-
harangues upon subjects which do not
frequently occur in ordinary conversation,
such as the excellence of the British Consti-
tution, the Divine Benevolence, &c, &c.
Though she has great success at present, it
remains to be seen whether her popularity
will be lasting ; for she appears to require
an audience, and to be more exigeante than
is quite consistent with the ease of freedom
of society."
Shrewd though he was, Whishaw some-
times missed his mark as a critic. Thus,
when Adolphe,' the novel of Madame de
Stael's cher ami, Benjamin Constant,
appeared, he coldly dismissed it as " an
absolute failure for a man of great literary
reputation." Did not Balzac eulogize it
more than once as one of the profoundest
analyses of the passions that had ever been
perpetrated ? But then the passions were
not much in Whishaw's way. As a rule
his judgments were refreshingly free from
the rancour of literary sets, though he was
content, on the other hand, with a minimum
of praise. " It has little interest, though
it contains some agreeable passages," was
his verdict on Rogers's ' Italy.' Scott he
admired, though with discrimination, nor
was he misled by the mystifications which
deceived even sagacious people like John
Murray : —
" With respect to the ' Tales of my Land-
lord,' I agree with you that ' Old Mortality '
is on the whole superior to any of W. Scott's
workL, especially those in prose. But I still
think it most probable he is the author ; and
this is the clear and decided opinion of the
most intelligent persons, and those who best
know him in Edinburgh. His brother.
Tom Scott, having failed in his circum-
stances at home, is now a regimental pay-
master in Canada. He possesses some of his
brother's talents, but he is at a distance from
books and has no literary experience.
Possibly he may have furnished gome out-
lines or sketches which his brother has filled
up. That Walter Scott has had some
concern with the work is not denied, and
several of Ins anecdotes and jokes are recog-
nised in different parts of the novels. Ii
is, therefore, only a question of degree."
Whishaw had a good deal to say about
the separation of Lord and Lady Byron,
and came to the eminently sensible con-
clusion that there never was any real
affection between them. And here are
his views on Lady Caroline Lamb's spiteful
and rambling novel ' Glenarvon,' a ' Key '
to which is printed from his papers : —
" I am afraid Lady Caroline and her novel
will experience less public indignation than
they deserve. I had some conversation on
N° 4099, May 19, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
601
the subject yesterday with Rogers, who
talked very properly and rationally."
Daniels sitting in judgment indeed !
Public affairs and letters were evidently
the chief interests in Whishaw's life. As
became Mungo Park's biographer, how-
ever, he devoted some attention to African
exploration, and considered that the course
of the Niger might conceivably be sur-
veyed by balloon. "Sed referre gradient!"
was a characteristic afterthought, if a
misquotation.
The letters to Whishaw are not very
important, though Hallam is to be dis-
covered growling at Murray for " un-
paralleled neglect," and accusing him of
taking Lockhart as adviser " just as you
would take your servant, though probably
with a worse character." Sydney Smith
confided to Whishaw his poor opinion of
the historian — the " bore contradictor,"
as he is said to have called him to the
little girl who had been seeing the snakes
at the Zoological Gardens : —
" Of Hallam's labour and accuracy I have
no doubt, but he has less modesty than any
man I ever saw, and with talents of no very
high description is very apt to attempt
things much above his strength, and is
wholly without any measure of himself.
I like and respect Hallam as much as you
do ; his success will surprise me but please
me very much."
The book in question was the ' Middle
Ages,' so that surprise and pleasure were
in store for the candid friend. " The King
of Clubs," one imagines, must have suffered
sometimes from such exchanges of amenity.
Mr. Courtney gives a most acceptable
account of that famous society, based on
a manuscript volume, with entries appa-
rently by Sydney Smith, now in the pos-
session of Mr. Cosmo Romilly. The club
existed from February, 1798, to 1823 or
thereabouts, and included all the accom-
plishments of the aristocratic Whig circle
and its literary adherents, together with
Lord Dudley, who associated with it,
though he was not of it. Mr. Courtney
rightly conjectures that the institution
died of too much talent. " Where every
one tries to instruct, there is, in fact, but
little instruction," was the reflection of
the poet Campbell, who was several times
present as a guest. It is a thousand pities,
all the same, that " the King of Clubs "
lacked its Grant Duff.
There are nine illustrations, mostly
portraits, and also, we are glad to notice,
an index.
Dictionary of Quotations {German). By
Lilian Dalbiac. (Sonnenschein & Co.)
Heine declares in his ' Book of Ideas '
that the quoting of books old and new is
the chief delight of a young author, one
or two thoroughly learned quotations
being a general adornment. An eigh-
teenth-century satirist and divine ex-
plained that
Some for renown on scraps of learning dote,
And think they grow immortal as they quote ;
but the writers of to-day are so often told
that their works are immortal that they see
no need, perhaps, to secure such honours
by the interposition of other minds. In
an age which recognizes no masters, and
seeks so keenly to be original, quotation
may have decayed as an art, but it remains
a pleasure to the scholar, and a source of
irritation, perhaps, to the ordinary man,
who, if he understands what is said,
wonders who said it — feels, in fact, Ovid's
need in the wilds of Tomi of a learned
friend.
The series in which this new volume
appears has done more to remove this
difficulty than any other we know. The
various collections have been thorough
and comprehensive, and the single arrange-
ment in alphabetical order, with competent
indexes of subjects and authors, is a good
one for ready reference. Unfortunately,
the translations from foreign languages
have not alwaj^s been of the best : there
are, for instance, some disgraceful mistakes
in the section of Latin citations, which
argue either ignorance or extreme careless-
ness in the compiler and his helpers.
In the present instance we find an
admirably wide range of quotation in the
390 pages of text, and we think it was well
to accord a whole volume to German
sources, instead of including Spanish also
in the same volume. Even now, the
Preface modestly declares, the collection
is " far from complete," although Buch-
mann's ' Gefliigelte Worte,' in its twentieth
edition in 1900, and similar works have
afforded useful guidance. The author
states further that " it is difficult to under-
stand why these compilers take such
scant notice of Lessing and Heine."
Neglect of the latter, which is notorious,
seems to be due to his daring flights of
free-thought, and his strong touch of the
Parisian. He is also too near our own
times to have got into the books. Tenny-
son, in the same way, is most quotable,
and frequently quoted, but you can seldom
verify your quotation in a book of refer-
ence. Lessing is, we fear, old-fashioned.
Was it not to him that the couplet,
Once you were the man :
Now it 's Sudermann,
was applied ? Yet Lessing is full of
sound aesthetics, and also of striking senti-
ments which appear modern enough.
His ' Nathan ' informs us that "To be
great is to be misunderstood " (" nur das
Gemeine Verkennt man selten "). How
many modern spirits feel this distraction
of purpose !
Leider bin
Auch ich ein Ding von vielen Seiten, die
Oft nielit so reeht zu passen scheinen mogen.
The following we have seen often stated
in various authors and tongues, but never
so well as in ' Nathan ' : —
Der Aherglaub', in dein wir aufgewachsen,
Verliert, auch wenn wir ihn erkennen, darum
Doch seine Macht nicht iiber una. Es sind
Xicht alle frei, die ihrer Ketten spotten.
The next paragraph of the Preface
brings us to the deficiency we have already
indicated in this excellent series : —
' Tho translations have been taken from
what seemed to be the best existing sources ;
it is to be hoped that English readers, un-
familiar with German, will realise that it is
just the finest ideas that are most incapable
of translation."
A good many of the finest ideas are also
the simplest, and it is evident that what
the reader innocent of German wants is
a literal translation. This in many cases
he will not find, and we think more would
be gained by honest English prose than
by the renderings of, say, Bowring, who
misses out an idea in the German in order
to construct a feeble English hexameter
and pentameter. We turn to Goethe's
well-known fines : —
Willst du immer weiter sehweifen ?
— Sieh, das Gute liegt so nah.
Lerne nur das Gliick ergreifen,
Denn das Gliick ist immer da.
These are rendered by Paul Dyrsen : —
Neither far away nor hidden,
At your door lies ever}' good ;
Nor is luck to you forbidden,
Only master it you should.
This is a bad version ; in fact, it is no
more than a paraphrase, needlessly diver-
gent in form from the original, and evi-
dently hampered by the demands of
rhyme. It is fair to say that there are
much better renderings in the book. On
the next page Mr. Walter Sichel shows
grace and facility in rendering Grillparzer ;
and Mr. Bailey Saunders, an accomplished
German scholar, gives a faultless version
of one of Goethe's ' Spruche in Prosa.'
C. G. Leland is probably the best trans-
lator of Heine's prose available, but many
of his versions are careless in those little
points which are worth notice in a great
writer and a great artist. We say this
in no pedantic spirit, knowing well that
in some cases words have no possible
equivalents ; but this sort of work — ill
paid, we fear, and torturing to the man of
exquisite taste — deserves the best care
and thought. We would not let such a
collection leave our hands until it had been
submitted to the eye of a critic accus-
tomed to the perusal and translation of
both German and English. Such an
authority would hardly, we think, allow
Schiller's Nachbar on p. 70 to be heightened
into " monitor," or selig into " holy "
(p. 216), or praise
Little will he that 's over-cautious do,
for
Wer gar zu viel bedenkt, wird wenig leisten.
Sir Theodore Martin has here obscured
the evident, and simply stated contrast
between thinking and doing. An instance
of the misconceptions due to inaccuracy
is supplied by Matthew Arnold, who points
out that Goethe's description of Byron as
" unquestionably the greatest talent of
the century " was wrongly translated
" the greatest genius," which is a very
different thing.
We are. however, too glad to have this
treasury of good things to dwell longer on
small points which can easily be attended
to on revision. The field of German
letters is amply represented. We find
familiar tilings like Schiller's
Against stupidity the very gods
Themselves oontend in vain;
deep sayings from Schopenhauer and
602
Til E ATI! KNittUM
X l'»!)!t, Mav 19, 1906
Novalis ; ami clever things from Sudor-
inaiin like
The losing tide is always philosophically Inclined.
The nio-t Btriking feature of the book
i- the amount of sayings which Btand to
the oredit of Bismarck. He appears on
twenty-one occasions, a record far ahead
df that cf any other aon-literary person
known to us. Beaoonsfield, in Bpite of
his robberies of other people's good things,
and his novels, figures only seven times
in the corresponding English volume.
Goethe's Faust, Pari 1.. supplies as
many as 186 quotations. " J)as Ewig-
Weibliche " from Part II. eluded us for a
while. \\'e found it tinally by remember-
ing the first line of the ' ('horns Mysticus "
which it concludes ; and it is duly entered
in the ' Index of Subjects.1 This ' Index '
will be of great use in the cases where one
line only is generally familiar, but does
not appear in the main list under the head-
ing of its first word, because it is part of a
sentence or passage quoted in full ; e.g.,
Was uns alio bandigt, das Clemeine,
which is from'Goethe's Epilogue to Schiller's
" ( docke,' appears under H, as the previous
line is also given.
Die Kraft ist schwaoh, allein die Lust ist gross,
is, we have heard, a familiar quotation in
Germany, and is the reply of Mephis-
topheles to the query if he is a virtuoso.
" The power is weak, but the desire is
strong," is obviously the literal rendering.
Here we find " Power is weak, the wish
alone is great."
There is but one quotation recorded
from Nietzsche : —
" Xot to be forgotten ! The higher we
rise, the smaller we appear to those who
cannot fly."
Much as one may object to his philosophy,
he has said many better things than this ;
his gift of style was remarkable, and our
private anthology includes at least twenty
of his sayings. We find Wcltschmcrz, but
where is the Superman ? That omission
should certainly be remedied in a new
edition.
We add from our own store one or two
things which are, perhaps, no more
'" familiar quotations " than much of the
book before us, but seem worthy of repro-
duction. Schopenhauer has (' Parerga,'
ii. 326), " Der Glaube ist wie die Liebe :
er liisst sich nicht erzwingen." There is
much that is charming of Heine here, but
even more would please us. To the some-
what banal stanza quoted from Goethe's
' Lieder ' concerning the stars the follow-
ing from 'Heine's Romantische Schule '
(chap, iii.) affords a pretty contrast : —
" Die Sterne des Himmels erscheinen uns
aber vielleicht deshalb so schon und rein,
weil wir weit von ilmcn entfernt stehen, und
ihr Privatleben nicht kennen."
We believe that criminal statistics support
the truth of Heine's conclusion : —
" Da es draussen regnete, so war es auch
in mir schlechtes Wetter " (' Reisebilder ' :
Italy).
In ' Friihlingstrost ' Uhland has the follow-
ing admirable couplet : —
Wt ■ ! i r, in toll ben Tagen,
\\ i. lelbct die Dorncn Rosen trag
The full.. wing from Goethe's ' Spruche im
i' valuable testimony to-day : —
M iuiIiiiiii der eriechiBchea and
romisohen Literatur inunenort die Basis der
hoheren Bildung bleiben."
Whether lovers of the classics or not,
all educated men should rejoice in this
collection. For tie- ordinary man it
will, we fear, not mean mu<h. Yet we are
not sure; the ordinary man has extra-
ordinary boldness, and he may get hen a
phrase or a word or two in emulation of
one of Dickens's great figures, who
" was in the frequent habit of using any
word that occurred to him as having a good
sound and rounding a sentence well, without
much care of its meaning."
Shinto : the Way of the Gods. By W. G.
Aston. (Longmans & Co.)
Shinto is the Japonico-Chinese equiva-
lent of ' Kami no michi,' ' The Way of
the Gods ' ; the name is comparatively
modern, and so is the thing. Before
the advent of Buddhism the Japanese
had no theology, and what is now called
Shinto is so full of Buddhist, Confucianist,
and Taouist traits that it is no easy task
to disentangle from it the elements of
whatever faith the primitive immigrants
into Japan and their immediate successors
possessed. But, undeveloped and rudi-
mentary as it was, there existed in the
seventh century of our era a collection
of myths and practices which may be
fairly called a religious system, and it is
as a guide to this labyrinthine and un-
digested mass that Dr. Aston's erudite
and interesting work has been composed.
The principal materials at his disposition
have been provided almost entirely by
English scholars. They consist of the
' Kojiki,' or ' Ancient Annals,' translated
by Prof. Chamberlain ; the ' Nihongi,'
or ' Chronicles,' of which the only full
version is due to the learning and industry
of Dr. Aston himself ; and the ' Institutes
of Yengi,' a ritual work of the tenth
century, partly translated by Sir Ernest
Satow. The other works mentioned by
Dr. Aston are of secondary importance,
and so, in our opinion, at least in relation
to primitive Shinto, are the voluminous
and wordy treatises of the eighteenth-
century revivalists Motowori and Hirata.
Of their labours a valuable account
was given long ago by Sir E. Satow in
the Transactions of the Asiatic Society
of Japan, by far the most important con-
tributions to which at that time, and for
some years afterwards, were from the pen
of members of the British consular service
in Japan.
Not the least good one may expect
from the publication of this book is the
dissipation of much of the cloud of senti-
ment that ignorance and a peculiarly
frivolous SchlDarmerei have gathered round
the simple stories and naive practices
of the great Rich - fruited Land. The
' Annals ' set these forth in their most
primitive form: the 'Chronicles' in a
slightly rationalized and more literary
nay. The two works ueie . ompo-ed within
M other early in the
eighth century hut are entirely different
in tone. The mystery of this difl
aiuojig contemporaries has not fcx
oleared up. The ' Annals " apj eai to be
in part a very had Chinese translation, in
pari transliteration, of an original in pure
Japanese ; the ' ( 'hronich
composed more or less in Chinese by
a halting scholar. The stories in the
former are almost always extremelj : ode,
not seldom very obscure, if we may ti
Prof. Chamberlain's version, which, how-
ever, may follow Motow • ntaiy
too closely. At all cent-, of many of the
songs preserved in the ' Annals Prof.
Chamberlain's version seems too un-
pleasant. Motowori himself doe- not
appear to have been affected by Chinese
notions of decency, but his appeal to the
' Annals' may be compared with the belief
of Thucydides in Homer.
What form of religion the Ural-Altaic
continental immigrants into Japan brought
with them we do not know. Neither in
the ' Annals ' nor in the ' Chronicles ' is
there the slightest allusion to any such
immigration. The only echo of a con-
tinental origin is to be found in the dis-
tinction between heavenly and earthly
offences, of which Sir E. Satow. we believe,
was the first to notice the importance.
The heavenly were all agricultural offences,
and must have been made such by a folk
settled on the land ; the earthly offences
were ordinary crimes, and such offences
against personal, family, and public rights
as even the rudest societies have found
it necessary to punish. The story of
Hohodemi and Susori (p. 113) may, how-
ever, involve a reminiscence of some early
immigration. Susori was a fisherman,
Hohodemi was a hunter. They exchanged
implements — fish-hook against bow and
arrows. The fish-hook was lost (through
clumsiness, we may suppose), and a quarrel
was the result. The story (not a bad one,
as stories of the kind go) is too long to
relate here ; the reader must be referred
to Dr. Aston's pages, where it is ex-
cellently told.
Of pure Shinto ancestor-worship was
no part, while phallism in a very pro-
nounced form was intimately associated
with it. Phallic processions were common
enough within the experience of the present
writer. But what became (rather than
primitively was) the principal, and politic-
ally the most useful, feature of Shinto —
Shintoism is an expression that betrays
an imperfect knowledge of the subject —
was the predominance assigned to the
Mikado, originally perhaps the magician,
afterwards the high priest, and tinally the
king [ohokimi) of the tribe Of that pre-
dominance the following lines from the
" Manyoshiu.' an anthology of the eighth
century, may give some notion : —
In the beginning,
when earth and sky were sunder'd,
midmost the channel
of the stream <>f sliining Heaven
the countless myriads
of ^xls. the thousand myriads,
held high assembly
and sat them there in council —
N°4099, May 19, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
603
the gods then parted,
the world's dominion parted,
and gave high Heaven
to the majesty of Hirume,
sky-shining goddess !
and o'er the spacious Reedland,
where ay the grain-plants
show ears in ripe abundance,
a Sovran chose they —
those gods of Earth and Heaven !
The Earthly Sovran
broke through the clouds of Heaven,
through clouds empiled,
to rule his realm for ages,
till glebe and sky
again should come together —
'Twas thus the Sun-Child
came in his majesty
through many an age
to rule all under-heaven,
in Kiyomi's palace
a very god abiding.
Dr. Aston's book is fully illustrated,
and so attractively written that the
reader hardly appreciates at once the
amount of learning, Eastern and Western,
which it implies.
NEW NOVELS.
The Mayor of Troy. Bv Q. (Methuen
&Co.)
People who like Q never like him
better than when he has something
to tell them about his, and their, be-
loved Troy. His peculiar humorously
tolerant outlook on the failings of human
nature will, it may be, stand in the way
of his ever succeeding in the lines of the
greatest and most profoundly " cathartic "
tragedy ; but in truth that is a remedy
for which, in the evolution of the emotions,
the necessit}' seems to have disappeared.
Our bowels of compassion demand less
drastic treatment than was afforded to a
Greek audience by Medea killing her chil-
dren, even " within " ; or (Edipus walking
about with crimson eye-sockets. We do
not, indeed, object to the pathetic ; but
we — those of us, at any rate, whose lite-
rary palates are unspoilt — avoid, save on
rare occasions, the poignant. This was
the rule in the best days of the Victorian
novel ; though of late— partly owing to
foreign influences, partly, no doubt, in
harmony with the recent prevalence, in
English opinion and expression, of certain
barbaric, or Byzantine, tendencies — there
has been a reversion to cruder and more
violent methods. But the good tradition
of reticence and sobriety has never been
left without witnesses ; and among them
Q deserves honourable mention. It is
not that he is insensible to the sorrowful
side of mankind's lot ; rather he is keenly
conscious of it, and relies for the appro-
bation of his readers on a similar conscious-
- in them. 'The Mayor of Troy' is
an excellent example of his method. " The
Mayor's story is in real truth a pitiful
tragedy. A brave and upright man, in
spite of certain little foibles incidental to
the position of first citizen in a remote
country town, he disappears (in sufficiently
ridiculous, but none the less pathetic
circumstances) from the sight of his
friends; loses, through an accident, the
one chance which might have afforded
him some consolation, that of serving his
country ; returns after long years a cripple'
to find that the town which reveres h's
memory has totally forgotten himself ;
and disappears for good and all. No one,
we think, will deny that we are justified
in calling this a really pitiful story. Yet
the first half of the book is the purest
farce, of the very best that " Troy " can
furnish ; while the poor Mayor's mis-
fortunes are recounted with no attempt
to suppress the comic side of them. But
for a touch here and there, one might
suspect his creator of indifference to the
graver aspects of the situation into which
he has brought him. Those who know
their Q, however, will realize that he is
once more inculcating, under the guise of
banter, a manly philosophy of life.
Lady Baltimore. By Owen Wister. (Mac-
millan & Co.)]>t^ j^ ■_,)>- <w.; • f '•■ i\ . I
Mr. Wister's new story is very different
reading from the wild, untamed existence
he chose for the background to ' The
Virginian.' Instead of galloping cowboys,
rolling prairies, and daring adventure,
here is a small South Carolina township
that has nearly fallen asleep. So have
its handful of inhabitants, or those not
kept awake by dignified self-restraint,
racial pride, and their memories of past
glories and brave but sorrowful deeds.
In spite of narrow creeds and old-world
prejudices, King's Port is an appealing
sort of place, that wins its way into the
reader's heart. Over it broods constantly
a spirit of beautiful and tender melan-
choly, in which the past, not the present,
is the central interest. The wisteria-
covered houses and the old churches and
quiet wharves seem overlaid with silent, but
unforgettable things. The author's sym-
pathy and his understanding of the place
and people are evident everywhere. The
scene never shifts, but the sense of con-
trast between North and South is always
maintained. For automobiles from time
to time arrive, bearing shrewd gay folk
to whom King's Port means nothing of
what it represents to its true lovers. The
aims, manners, and ideals of two different
worlds — the American worlds of North
and South — are thus conveyed. The
story is one of love, prettily conceived and
executed, but it is, perhaps, a little long-
winded and slow of development.
Jimmy Quixote. By Tom Gallon. (Hurst
& Blackett.)
Mr. Gallon's novel is destined, we should
say, for wide popularity, for it is in his
well-known vein — a vein of Dickensian
sentimentality which is remote from life,
and leads to some unsound conclusions,
but fosters a warm display of the domestic
affections. At the beginning we find an
old bachelor keeping in a country place a
household of children whom lie has collected
here and there. He dies suddenly, and
the fortunes of his dispersed and impover-
ished collection— in particular of the girl
Moira and the boy Jimmy —are the main
theme of the story. The one is helped
by an old servant, the other by some '
neighbours who are like the Boffins]|of
Dickens. Jimmy turns out no Quixote,
but a sort of Sentimental Tommy, who,
after failing to work at a warehouse, writes
cheap novelettes and a play. His chief
dilemma and its issue are well managed.
Pleasant as many of Mr. Gallon's figures
are, they offer no arresting features to
persuade us that they are really alive and
really new. A characteristic specimen of
the author's style and manner is the follow-
ing :—
" They found a seat near that most restful
of pictures — poor Fred Walker's ' Harbour
of Refuge ' — and it fell about that Jimmy,
when not looking at the girl, had his eyes
fixed on the fine strong figure of the woman
upon whom the elder one leans in the picture
— that splendid symbol of all that is beauti-
ful and wonderful in duty beautifully and
wonderfully performed."
The Spanish Dowry. By L. Dougall.
(Hutchinson & Co.)
The opening chapters of this novel promise
well. Originality and quiet humour are
apparent in the conception of the hero
(a lame boy, who tells the tale), and of
his uncle and his housekeeper ; and the
plot is not wanting in interest. But the
reader's interest flags sadly as he finds the
story unduly prolonged and wanting in
variety, owing to the fact that the scene
is unchanged throughout. Otherwise the
writer has considerable power of character-
ization and an easy style of narrative.
Bardelys the Magnificent. By Rafael
Sabatini. (Eveleigh Nash.)
In days when scant courtesy is paid to
the mother tongue, either in speaking or
writing, it is refreshing to meet with so
complete and musical a vocabulary as
this author — with an un-English patro-
nymic — possesses. The story of the
strange wooing of the magnificent Bar-
delys and of the things that in the course
of it befell him in Languedoc lends itself
readily to the word-painting and dramatic
expression which form a large part of
Mr. Sabatini's equipment, and in this case
matter as well as manner is good. The
chief character — one of the arrogant,
masterful heroes so much in vogue — is
interesting from the time of the somewhat
questionable wager which precipitates
the wooing of his Marquise to the hour of
its happy conclusion. It is a wholesome,
stirring story.
Les Particules. By Fcrnand de Rocher.
(Paris, Librairie Universclle.)
A NOVEL with many weaknesses, which
would not otherwise deserve notice on
this side the Channel, is noticed by us on
account of the vivid photograph which it
contains of the seamy side of French
elections. As, however, we have picked
it out of its class for this reason, we ought
to add that, on a point connected with
the contest in a backward district, the
author suggests a false impression. It
would be gathered from his pages that a
monarchical or aristocratic party ifl entirely
604
Til E A TH KN'/KUM
N 1099, May 19. 1906
extinct in Prance. The typical duke and
liis heal friend use language which implies
that ■ man of their clan and ideal returned
to the Palais Bourbon would be entirely
alone. Weak though the Royalists and
old-fashioned Clericals may be, they are
li\ no means extinct. We note, for e.\-
ample, thai in the flections of Sunday,
May 6th, one French department returned
seven of its eight members at the first poll
a^ lia\ ing received s clear majority of
\otes. Of these seven, three among
them thu Due do Rohan Comte
de Lanjuinais frankly describe them-
selves as " Royalists," two as " National-
ists," and two as " Liberals." "Liberal "
in France now means pretty much the
same as '* Regenerator " in another Latin
country, namely, a Conservative so de-
cided as to he considered " reactionary "
by all other parties. Another department
— that of the iMayenne — elected the whole
of its five deputies at the first vote. Of
these, two describe themselves as "Royal-
ists," two as " Nationalists," and one — the
Prince de Broglie — as " Conservative."
A large proportion of the minority in the
Frenoh Chamber are men (like the twelve
that we have named) who hold opinions
that may fairly be described as " ducal,"
though few of them have any hope that
their ideas will prevail. Our author, how-
ever, is given to exaggeration. We are
pleased with one of his little jokes. He
describes the appearance of the first
number of a special election-paper on the
last Sunday in December, a day chosen
in order to allow the second number to
appear with the note of respectability
given by " Second year."
CLASSICAL BOOKS.
Demostlienes against Midias. Edited,
with Critical and Explanatory Notes and
an Appendix, by W. W. Goodwin. (Cam-
bridge, University Press.) — An edition of a
masterpiece of Attic eloquence by the
greatest authority on the syntax of Greek
verbs cannot fail to be valuable, but it is to
be regretted that Prof. Goodwin has not
drawn more liberally on the rich stores of
scholarship which supplied his commentary,
as it might have been much fuller " without
using the oration to teach Greek syntax."
In the note on § 13, 1, we read, " A literal
English translation would be too cumbrous,
and a paraphrase with two or more sen-
tences is necessary." But no rondering is
given, and the student who has bought
this expensive edition is likely to feel
aggrieved at being referred to the note of a
less authoritative editor of the oration.
For 7T.A.77ytts kafitov, 7rkijyd<; e^on- is
given in the note on § 1 ; there is no
note on yvup.r,v €</>' ?}s sore, §213; the
precise force of cjti in § 2", eirl tmv
dkkwv, is obscured by the rendering
" in his other acts," instead of " on the
other occasions," and a reference is wanted
to § 389, " iirl tovtov, on this occasion,
opposed to eVi irdvTWV " ; again, the pro-
position in t!]V (tti rrj<s Trop.Trr}<; kolI tou
/xedveiv tt/xk/xzo-ci/. § 180, may be explained
as either "on the occasion of" or " depend-
ing upon," cf. note on «V f£owias, §138',
" i.e., relying on his power." Prepositions
and particles seem to I,. t umhline Mocks
to junior editors and teachers of Creek
that Prof . Goodwin has mi ed opportnnit
ot raising the itandard oi Greek scholarship.
Tin- negative and the foyer, ion in tin- pi"
tasis, > 2067, ii m Kara.yvov\ av\
vTTi'jKuvai,- .sci in to merit the attention even
of a parsimonious annotator.
The text and treatment of the hypo-
thetical sentence with a Long, complicated
protasis, §§ 215-16, — vw 82 toito koi w&imtv
av jLOi 0€lVOTa.TOV OVflBaiT], l! TTdp'1 avT<\ ' jit i
TuSiKiJuaTu dTro\j/ii<j>ui(iO- V/IU9, ,u.
unsatisfactory. The/MPia not ••called i
but itftatvecrdt (-, (f>aivw6t after -a) is un-
warrantahly rejected, as well as the 8e
after IiretStj oi poorer MSS. (§ 2168), the
omission of which in good MSS. is easily
explicable; and thus, without even the
excuse of consistent fidelity to a good MS..
confusion is introduced. The only fault to
be found with the grammar of the vulgate
is that the formal construction of participles
witli tyaCv&rde is carried on too far. In
direct opposition to Prof. Goodwin's view,
we think that. " this cumbrous sentence,"
so far as it is so, was artistically constructed
as an untrammelled outpouring under
strong emotion of disturbing reminiscences.
In § 219 oaovs irep av on/rat tis, k.t A., is
shown, by the following « Se py Trdvrts
e7roue(70e /^v/Se 7rdvT€S kivr^ped^ade, to depend
on implied 'irvrrre /cat vf3pt£e, not " on an
implied perfect, like he has really assaulted.''
In Appendix VIII. the editor claims to
" have discovered several readings not
previously mentioned, especially one of
some importance (in § 41e)." This reading,
due to Shilleto or Holmes, stands in the
text of Dr. Fennell's edition (1892), which
gives little textual criticism. The clauses
in question are uAA a fiev av re? dtfivio tov
koyiapbi' </>#ao-<xs €£aX^?/ 7rpa£at, kulv
i'/3/)io-tikws 7roi7jcry, a corrector of 2 having
altered the first three words into d\\a. fiijv,
while ti is in two MSS. inserted before
Trpd^ai, and tovto generally before -o«/cn/.
Appendix VTI., ' On Certain Supposed
Cases of the Nominative with the Infinitive,'
is interesting, the conclusion arrived at
being " that this supposed construction of
the nominative cannot be established for
either «yw, err, 1'7/xeis, or vpu<s." We agree
as to tho singular pronouns, and leave
?y/x€is alone ; but we hold that in ' Midias,'
§ 203' ,8, iyxets may have suggested the
common blunder, e for ai, in vipeia-Oi and
€>/?//ow#e. Probably o-c/>«s in such cases
was due to the influence of avros, avroi,
and there seems to be no reason why fyiets,
as a rhetorical variation of avroi, should not
be found occasionally, e.g., in the said
passage, — ep' otW#' b/iiv elo-oiveiv, v/ieis 8e
vepavoai ; ep' ol!e<r6e rpnjpapx-qareLv, vpets c'
owe epfiyjo-eadai-, These readings -possibly,
however, with fyS? for e/uPs— are what Prof.
Goodwin has translated in his note : "Do
you think that I am to pay your taxes,
while you are to spend the money ? Do
you think that 1 am to serve as trieraroh.
while you refuse to man the ship ? " This
is proved by the rendering of 9/tos
TvivTi^iv (§ 204*), "that we are going to
endure you, while you beat us yourself
((iutos)." The omission of " are to " before
"beat" makes no substantial difference.
His readings vepeiaOe (pf3i')<r«r8e, give two
double questions. " Do you think that
I shall pay your taxes, and will
you spend the money?" &c. This seems
chiinsN both in English and
Altai ail, Midi., poakin.fi ; bo that
the di-cn--joii doe-. not
grammar of Den as. The restoration
of MB '' (foi " 1 'i previous edit* •
below, "< "' '"' rawrurBai (f 204' ' ), .
decided improvement.
Shilleto would probably have inch,
our editor among those admirers of 1 who
in to have extended their regard
this MS. beyond the rational and < aim
in <>f unimpassioned critics, and to
have hugged it to their bosoms with the
' prodigal dei otedness ' oi a tender passi<
The •• Appendix " of the tit!'
developed, pp. 127-7H, into •• Appendices "
numbered from I. to VTII. Those on
' Public Service,' and on 'Certain Peculiar
forms of Suits" »eem to he the n
valuable portions of the volume, the ' Con-
stitution of Athens ' having naturally b<
utilized.
Another volume has been added to tie-
Oxford " Bibliotheca Scriptorum Classi-
coruin " : Bucolici (IrcEci, edited by Prof.
von YVilamowitz-Moellendorff. A new Ti
critus has been wanted for many yes
and a number of scholars have been working
at it. Mr. Cholmeley's edition with ni
is a useful book, but chieflj' for its com-
mentary : his work on the t -.of
secondary importance. So great is the mass
of Theocritean MSS. that scholars may well
have been deterred from the Herculean task
of examining them. A very thorough re-
cension of the text, we believe, is being
made by Messrs P. Giles and A. B. Cook,
and we expect that when it appears it will
be specially strong on questions of dialect.
The Oxford edition, however, is first in the
field. The Professor gives in his Introduc-
tion an account of the chief MSS. and of the
ancient editions of Theocritus. The editor
is fairly conservative : the wisdom of some
of his alterations, however, is not clear.
What is the authority for XdOpi) in i. 96
(for Xddpta) ? What Is gained by the
change ? In vii. 16 w(uoto is read by con-
jecture for w/xotcrt ; in vii. 155 «.W<5os for
uAwaSos. The change of f"/ Vo#avw to
81; Vo#ai'w in iii. 27 is due to a misunder-
standing, and makes a vivid turn of expi
sion fall very flat. The speaker says : " And
if I don't die — but that 's just what you
would like ! " In iv. 20, on the other hand,
no attempt is made to emend KaKo\pdupiov,
which may be a mistake for KaKoypdapwv
(cf. cypae, ypda-Tts, gramen). The reading
irep\i]v or (r-kp\iv (xv. 98) still puzzles us :
how could -(pvaiv, which the editors read,
have been so corrupted ? There are other
passages where we feel that there is yet
room for an edition of Theocritus. W
regret thai the order of the poems is dis-
arranged in this edition ; it is always a pity
to do this unless it is absolutely necessary.
The iota "subscript" is here written
adscript, as in Mr. Leaf's ' Homer.'
Bacchylidis Carmina, cum Fragmcnti*-
Tertium edidit Frederious Blass. " Biblio-
theca Scriptorum Graecorum el Latmorum."
(Leipsic, Teubner.) — It is hardly m
to do more than call attention to the new
edition of Blass's ' Bacchyhdes.' The prefac
contains a general critical account of the
MS., and a discussion of the metrical ques-
tions raised by the odes, style and dialect,
and the arguments of the separate pi
A metrical scheme is supplied for each ode.
The ipsissima? littercc of the papyrus arc
printed facing the punctuated and accented
text ; and at the foot are critical notes
recording the chief emendations which have
N°4099, May 19, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
605
been suggested. We naturally compare
this book with the best fruit of Sir Richard
Jebb's genius, and we are at once struck
by the caution of the Englishman as con-
trasted with the self-confidence, even rash-
ness, of the German. The first ode is an
example. With great ingenuity, Blass has
pieced together a long passage which he
prefixes to the first ode. This involves so
much of the conjectural that Jebb rightly
relegates it to an appendix. The same
superiority of judgment is seen in Jebb's
text elsewhere. Many lacunae which Blass
leaves open are filled in by Jebb, but when
the restoration is only a guess he indicates
this by the type. The German scholar's
work is indispensable to the student, but
rather as suggestive than authoritative.
D. Iunii Iuvenalis Saturae. Editorum
in usum edidit A. E. Housman. (Grant
Richards.) — We should have offered an un-
qualified welcome to this book but for the
regrettable tone of the Introduction. It
may be true that Juvenal has not been edited
by any critic of the first rank, for such
critics are few indeed ; true, also, that
modern editors are too often ignorant or
■careless. A large demand for learning
made easy, coupled with a general sloven-
liness of mind in the British public, has
brought on us a flood of school-books edited
by incompetent persons. That is true, and
we should be content to echo Mr. Housman's
opinions on such editors as these. But when
it comes to slighting more serious scholars,
and men who are at least conscientious, if
not brilliant, we cannot go with him. How
■exaggerated his views are will be seen when
we add that in all his long Introduction of
thirty-six pages he never so much as men-
tions the name of Prof. Mayor.
When we pass to Mr. Housman's own
work, we are glad to speak with respect. A
comparison of his notes with those of the
Oxford " Bibliotheca " shows that he is
fuller, and at the same time exhibits more
independence of judgment. We have
worked through several of the satires with
care, and we think that his text shows a
decided advance on its predecessors.
Mr. Housman has perhaps been more
generous towards his own conjectures than
others might be, but he has not been ashamed
to own where he is baffled (as in vi. 78, O. ii.,
viii. 105). Some of the emendations, or
newly adopted readings, seem to us admir-
able. Thus in iv. 8 he reads qum sit for
minime, taking it from the quin sit of the
scholiasts : a great improvement. In iv. 128
he reads per terga, assuming the per to have
dropped out by haplography. The trans-
position of longum with gannit in vi. 64-5 is
excellent ; and gesture for dedit hunc (vi. 158),
as due to the neighbourhood of incestce, is
probable. The suggestion ferendis for
relictis in vi. 195 is admirable, li being con-
fused with n, and ct with d. Others may
be seen in vi. 3G3, O. 2, O. 9, 413, xi. 168
(ra?nitis for diuitis). In other cases we cannot
follow him with confidence. In iv. 116 he
wishes to separate a ponte from dims satelles,
and to attach it to qui mendicaret, which
would make impossible any intelligent
reading of the text aloud. We are not con-
duced by teretis in vi. 50 (for Cereris), but
it is a clever suggestion ; in vi. 29 he tri-
umphantly vindicates a word by his know-
ledge of Latin usage. The line vi. 188 is in
Juvenal's manner, but nuigis is certainly
pioious ; it conceals, perhaps, some noun.
Nor do wo agree with the condemnation of
vii. 51, the second part of which, beginning
at tenet, reads naturally — " this is the result ;
indeed, it often happens." The notes
Contain many examples of careful and even
brilliant divination, and the emendations
are reasoned out with much skill. Thos®
on the Oxford fragment contain also much
illustrative matter. There is a misprint in
vi. 329 ; niros for uiros.
The Thecetetus and Philebus of Plato. By
H. F. Carlill. (Sonnenschein & Co.)— Mr.
Carlill's book forms one of the series called
" The New Classical Library," edited by Dr.
Emil Reich. Small as it is, the book
deserves to be commended to the attention
of Platonic students because of the vigorous
way in which it attempts to vindicate the
interpretation of Platonism from the stand-
point of Lotze. Dr. Jackson's distinction
of " two separate and clearly marked stages
in the progress of Plato's thought " is recog-
nized to be "a notable advance " and the
dialogues here treated are regarded as belong-
ing to the later stage when Plato had out-
grown the " errors of enthusiasm," the
metaphorical inaccuracies of immature
thought," which mark the ' Phaedrus ' and
other early dialogues. Accordingly, Mr.
Carlill, in his Introduction, handles very
severely the Zellerian method of construing
Platonism : —
" The traditional Platonism is a wholly unphilo-
sophical medley of myth, mysticism, false science,
false psychology, and sentimental morality
How the Idea and the phenomenon are, in fact,
connected Ave are to suppose that Plato himself
could never understand. There is, in Zeller's
phrase, ' No deduction of the Sensible.' Stated in
this bald way, the Platonism of the commentators
is seen to be a philosophy pour rire. What Kant
would have thought of it one can only guess ; but
Lotze's view is on record."
Lotze's discussion of the ideas is, in Mr.
Carlill's opinion, " the only reasonable
account of the subject that has been pub-
lished," except Plato's own criticism in the
' Parmenides,' and the exposition of Natorp
in his recent ' Platos Ideenlehre.' In par-
ticular, " the ' Theaetetus,' which discusses
the nature of knowledge, cannot be under-
stood by any one who believes the Platonic
idea to be a substance."
These views of Platonism are briefly but
pointedly set forth in the general ' Intro-
duction,' in an ' Excursus on the Theaetetus,
and Introduction to the Philebus,' and in a
' Concluding Essay,' which cover about sixty
pages in all. The bulk of the book is occu-
pied by the translation of the two dialogues,
which exhibits skill, care, and sound scholar-
ship, and compares favourably with the
renderings of Paley and Jowett.
The ' Theaetetus ' in its present form Mr.
Carlill regards as "a revised edition of an
earlier dialogue," among the later additions
being 189b-190e and 197d-200c. The
' Philebus,' as we have it, he supposes to be
a " first draft," not meant for its final form ;
and its last section is characterized as
" practically unintelligible."
What has been said may suffice to indicate
that Mr. Carlill's treatment of the subject
is striking and clever, and students of Plato's
thought, whether in Greek or out of it, will
find much that is suggestive and illuminating
in his pages. The book is provided with a
' Short Bibliography ' and an index. A
slight error in expression occurs near the
bottom of p. xxi.
In " The New Classical Library," edited
by Dr. Reich, appears also a translation of
The Annals of Tacitus, Books I. to VI., by
Aubrey V. Symonds. There is a brief
Introduction, which explains the circum-
stances in which Tacitus wrote, but hardly
says much about his " personal bias." Of the
extraordinary bre\ il \ of his style something
should certainly have been said, because
Mr. Symonds frankly tills it out, and breaks
it up with words and divisions of sontem ( s
not in the Latin. The result is a fluent and
very readable narrative, though occasion-
ally the translator diverges from the original
in an unnecessary way. A matter of practical
importance has been neglected : the mention
of book and chapter at the top of the page.
Aristotle's Theory of Conduct. By Thomas
Marshall. (Fisher Unwin.) — Aristotle's
' Ethics ' is a somewhat trite subject.
Editions, translations, and expositions of it,
whether in whole or in part, abound to such
an extent that it is difficult for a new writer
to find anything fresh to say that is worth
saying. Mr. Marshall's presentation of the
subject seems intended mainly for the
general student of moral philosophy who
wishes to have the ' Ethics ' trimmed into
" a readable shape." He attempts to
render its matter clear and attractive by
means of the following devices, which are
best stated in his own words : —
" (a) by a general introduction in which the
purport of the ' Ethics ' is summarily set forth ;
(b) by special introductions to the several chapters,
with explanatory remarks at the end of each
chapter ; (c) by a paraphrase of the text — some-
times full, sometimes condensed, in which repeated
passages are left out and some liberties are taken
in way of omission and transposition ; (d) by the
use of modern examples for the sake of bringing
Aristotle's meaning home to present-day readers."
The first of the chapters here alluded to is
entitled ' The End of all Conduct,' and deals
with Book I. Chap. ii. ' The Genesis and
Nature of Moral Conduct ' covers Book II.
The first five chapters of Book III. have a
chapter to themselves, headed ' The Con-
ditions of Moral Conduct.' The next three
chapters, with the common title ' Special
Kinds of Moral Conduct,' cover III. 6 — V.
Chap. vii. is called ' Intellect in relation to
Conduct,' and deals with Book VI. Book VII .
1-10 is next treated under the heading ' Im-
perfect Conduct.' Under Chap. ix. ' Feel-
ings in relation to Conduct,' VII. 11-14
and X. 1-5 are grouped. The next chapter
' Friendship,' deals with Books VIII. and
IX. ; and the last chapter, ' Happiness,'
with Book X. as a whole.
The value of the work lies mainly in the
comments and illustrations, which show
thoughtfulness and good sense. Mr. Mar-
shall clearly possesses a good deal of the
didactic faculty, and can apply apposite
" modern instances " to the " wise saws "
of his author. Force and pertinence, for
example, distinguish the following remark :
" Education, so far as the State is concerned,
takes with us the form of supplying miscellaneous
information to the young, and leaving them to
pick up what conduct they can by the way. This
may he worth doing, or it may not, but it is not
education in any sense in which the word was
understood either by Plato or Aristotle."
Mr. Marshall protests, very sensibly,
against the danger of trying to interpret
Aristotle "in the familiar language of to-day,"
as has been done to some extent by Stew art
and G. H. Lewes. To make Aristotle tails;
like a modern evolutionist is apt to lead to
confusion. A similar objection is made
against construing the Platonic ideas as
"Laws of Nature" (p. 41). But when Mr.
Marshall proceeds to vindicate the Aris-
totelian critique of idealism as not " unfair
and irrelevant" (p. 65 n.), he himself pro-
vokes criticism. Indeed, he takes no pains
to hide the fact that ho has little Sympathy
with Platonism: otherwise, possibly, be
would not bo so sympathetic an Aristotelian.
In dealing with the somewhat obscure
passage I097b16ff. Mr. Marshall appears to
have no satisfactory explanation to offer,
and Leaves it, if anything, more obscure
than before (p. 68). With regard to
7jy><Hii7>eiris- some useful observations aro
made : and it. is shown that the rendering
" will," adopted by Burnet, is unsatisfactory
601 i
THE ATHENAEUM
N'Mii:i:i Mav 19, 1906
ami mialeading ; Done the leas, " nn 1 1 1 ■
handier word than Mr. Marshall's "moral
ohoioe," and no brief English expression it
from object ion.
The purchaser oi ■ volume bo elaborate
i his has a right to expeol a caxefullj
revised text. I afortunately, he will find
here a number of flagrant misprints in the
Greek, ami several in the English. .\ few
tre o?ov (p. 28 . .,-■*< (p. 152).
trra (p. L63), OVopoTOt (p. 215), totovtov
amongst a whole oovej of blundere (pp. 88 8),
Pendes " (|>. 'JIT), " decrepancy " (p. 565),
and the form " arithmetric (p. 324), which
looks like a case of " contaminat ion." It
is true that in a prefatory Note the author
apologizes for the lack of revision to which
'several misprints in the Greek" arc due.
and Btates that he is not "entirely respon-
sible " for it. But this plea of to Akovviov
is hardly sufficient, in a case like this, and
the purchaser's " indulgence " is liable, not
unreasonably, to be in inverse proportion
to the price paid for the commodity.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
We do not expect that all the corre-
spondents who journeyed in India with the
Prince and Princess of Wales will give us
books as pood as the two which we have
received, but the public will not want for
sound teaching based upon fresh experience.
Mr. Sidney Low, in A Vivian of India, pub-
lished by .Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co.. is
admirable: thoroughly detached and ncn-
official, but Conservative in the best reuse,
in spite of a good deal oi criticism of British
faults, bike most men who come to India
as visitors from the outside, he feels that it
is impossible that the present state of things
should long continue : —
"There ifl a rising hostility to our system of
beneficent despotism among the educated classes
throughout the country. It is idle to ignore the
fact : it i< equally idle to endeavour to scold it
down by branding it as disloyal."
In another passage our author uses similar
words : —
"We have to deal with a rising discontent
Danger may arise if this restlessness on the one
side is met only by impatience or neglect on the
other. Even now, the general indifference of
Englishmen to all that concerns India is amazing
and ominous."
Mr. Low looks forward to seeing more and
more natives "taking responsible office in
the public-works departments, and in the
saiutary, judicial, medical, and educational
branches." He believes that, as regards
Englishmen, increasing "difficulty is found
in getting men with a good professional
training to accept posts in the technical
branches of the administration. The defi-
ciency is most marked on the legal side."
He quotes a conversation, which bears the
stamp of accuracy, between himself and a
distinguished lawyer, on the disastrous lack
of law shown by the British judges of some
courts in civil causes. Mr. Low's informant
added, of the native judges : " They at least
are lawyers, and can understand' a Legal
argument." On tho other hand, our author
naturally shrinks from the somewhat crude
suggestion of native politicians in Calcutta
and Bombay, pointing towards self-govern-
ment for India on modern colonial lines,
which we agree with him in thinking inapplic-
able to the extraordinarily divergent circum-
stances of the peninsula." He rightly adds :
"Impracticable as it may be, we cannot
dismiss it brusquely as a mere fantasy best
treated with ridicule or contempt."' One
of our greatest difficulties in India is the
conflict between the theory of the central
< ;.>v . rnment and tin' pi ><i the
responsible young officer, private soldier, or
civilian. Mr. Low shows, for example, that
tin- rich Bomba) Pai ees all hut think them-
• Ivea members " of t he rule They
employ wind- servant for example,
drivers of their motor-oars. Y. t whan thej
travel they are treated la ■> fashion incon-
sistent not Only with their pretensions, hut
also with wisdom. The exclusion of the
moat Cultivated Of Indian native- from many
clubs and public places of good class is
startling; and .Mr. Low's anecdote as to
the different treatment of a European judge
and a native judge who were friends of the
same standing is in striking contrast to the
official position of th«- Government of India,
rightlj taken up in her dealings on the sane-
subject with the Government of Natal.
With regard to education, Mr. Low has
formed a clear and, we think, sensible
opinion against the teaching of Wnig history
in India, and in favour of mathematics,
chemistry, mechanics, and other scientific
subjects, in order to send out from the
colleges " a larger number of doctors, che-
mists, engineers, architects, technologists,
and trained industrial experts." In another
matter of controversy our author commits
himself to an opinion the exact opposite of
that of Mr. Morley as recently expressed in
the House of Commons, and to the effect
" that there is great dissatisfaction through-
out the Indian army." It is mentioned
elsewhere that there are rumours of inter-
ference with the system on which the native
cavalry is recruited. We had hoped that
the splendid efficiency of this force had
secured it a.gainst changes which it had at
one time been rumoured that Lord Kitchener
intended to introduce. Mr. Low also fears
a punitive expedition against the Mahsud
Waziris, to the stopping of which we alluded
some weeks ago. Our usual ciiticism upon
travellers, to the effect that they generalize
from imperfect data, is not often deserved
by Mr. Low. We may, however, note lapses
in two matters which concern the physical
habits of men. He thinks it impossib'e for
a European to squat, as do natives of India,
for more than " a few minutes," if " at alb"
The coal-hewers of this country could squat
against any native for any number of hours,
and habitually assume this position when
there is no necessity for it. Mr. Low thinks
that the power of sleeping like a dog, any-
where, at any time, is peculiar to natives of
India. But an Italian labourer and a British
or German soldier behave in exactly the
s-ame fashion. Mr. Low alludes in passing
— probably without any intention of pro-
voking The Athenccum — to Francis in a
fashion which has become more common than
any evidence warrants: "Belvedere....
where Hastings fought his famous duel with
the author of Junius." The Athencrum
emendation, on the facts before us, is the
'' would-be Junius."
Mkssrs. Casskij, cv Co. publish Pictures
from the Balkans, a pleasantly written illus-
trated volume by Mr. John Foster Fraser.
The author's impartiality leads him into a
certain amount of contradiction : many
passages may be quoted on the side of
Greece against the Bulgarians, and some for
the Bulgarians against the Greeks. He
thinks that the laudable ambition of the
Bulgarians, who hope that Macedonia will
"fall like a ripe plum into'' their mouths,
is a chief cause of much of the existing strife.
He overstates the Turkish case when he
writes " that half the population of Mace-
donia is Moslem and Turk "; but in other
passages he gives the numbers of the ad-
herents of the Creek Church and of the
Bulgarian Church more accurately, and
I'l'.V i-S thai i • ■ • ■ . Uuk'H
Vlachs, not to nan and gipn
up to figun ot tho
Albanians, ami Greek and Slav Moham-
medans. Mr. Eraser hirnseU demonstrates
t hat Turk -. ( ■• I '• •
form nearly one thud ol tl
people ol Macedonia. Our authoi
the method by which the B
"bands" terrorize "Bulgarian villa
belonging to the Orthodox Church,
then ton- deemed Greek, into ...
eoming BSxarohtai and Bulgarian
mal Ionia Bulgarian. .. .they t
to 'converting' villages that w< only
k in religion, but Greek in and
Subsequently, " < treak ' bai
adopted the methods of the Bulgarian
' bands,' " and now " both races. . .
the others as vermin d< only e
ruination." The book is full of photogra
of whole families of Christiai
murdered by other " Christians " of
"bands." The "reformed police" are
so much protecting Christians as hunt
them. The Turks were too lazy,
under the direction of the British offi-
patrols are frequently made at night, and
revolutionaries are caught rod-handed. They
get short shrift." The author was enter-
tained by three distinguished heroes. When
he first stayed with two of these, " appoil I
by the Foreign Office," but " in the pa:
the Turkish Government," he writes : —
"It gave one a little jump to meet British offi
in khaki uniforms and with South African mi
on their breasts, wearing the crimson fez. An
English soldier with a Turkish fez seems a cm
combination."
It gives us " a little jump " that Mr. Fn
does not remember the best-known portraits
of Gordon and of General Lord Kitchener,
which both have the fez — Egyptian, but-
very like " Turkish " in a photograph.
The atithor makes an unhappy excursion
into recent Servian history (already much
over-written), in which we read that " Praga"s
influence was good," and that the murders
were procured by Austria rather than by
Russia. Both statements are to be ques-
tioned. The account of " precious attar 'r
neglects the Indian manufacture, wh
yields the best and purest essential oil
rose. It is, we suppose, useless to pr< I
once more against the new heresy which,
to the horror of makers and wearers
" top-boots," gives to the military boot of
Eastern Europe that time-honoured name.
From a College Window. Bv \. C. Benson.
(Smith, Elder' & Co.)— Twelve out of
eighteen essays which Mr. Benson publis
here have appeared lately in The Cornhill
Magazine. Their subjects are exceedingly
diverse, and unless they can all be brought
under the headine "criticism of life," t!
is no real bond of connexion amongst them,
and no need for the pretence of any. There
is a good deal in the first essay of a con
sional and autobiographical character, and
although this sets the tone of the book — a
somewhat brooding and melancholy tone,
though not without responsive echoes in
the reader— it is more than a little difficult
to see the connexion between the life hist< rv
that is confided to us and the state of mind
of which such essays are the expression.
Perhaps a career as master in a big public
school, ever in touch with unformed 1
and the fact of promise rather than the
illusion of performance, tends to make a man
look with undue kindness on his own store
of sensations and ideas. So, too, the coll
window lets in what is peaceful at hi
because it is appropriated to the college hie.
It reveals part of the "social Me" of its
inhabitants ; and the light it receives is
N°4099, May 19, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
607
softened by the shadow of their home. There
is room for suspicion that Mr. Benson is very
much at ease in Zion, and that the writing
of this book has made him more so. For
we find an ease, and withal a grace, in these
essays that charm out of the reader his
sense of the pettiness of their reflections —
not a uniform pettiness by any means, but
one that hovers in the neighbourhood, and
constantly descends. Garden-parties and
bores and the proper way of playing games
when you are forty — " by being ojien to be
induced to join in such tilings occasionally
in an elderly way, without any attempt to
disguise deficiencies " — are topics which
tickle our ears only because we are all ground-
lings. The process should not be encouraged
in any author : in Mr. Benson it is a little
unforgivable because he seems to take to it
with too much zest. Cicero, he tells us,
often affords little move than small-talk on
abstract subjects : we are not clear that
some such criticism will not hit off these
essays to the life. In the chapters on ' Educa-
tion,' ' Egotism,' and ' Religion ' Mr. Benson
is wholly serious, and writes well, if not
profoundly. He holds the very lowest
estimate of our present public-schocl educa-
tion, and thinks that the staple of it should
be French, easy mathematics, history, geo-
graphy, and popular science.
Mr. Armitage-Smith is a high authority
on The Principles and Methods of Taxation,
on which he lias lectured at the Birkbeck
College, and his present volume, which
is published by Mr. John Murray, is of
value, and may be commended for educa-
tional purposes. Some points of criticism
arise on a perusal of its pages. The doubts
expressed at p. 3 and in another passage
much later in the volume as to the over
tendency of local authorities to borrow are
corrected by the accurate information given
at p. 138. By far the greater portion of the
borrowing is for matters not voluntary or
" speculative," but undertaken by compul-
sion administered to local authorities through
Acts of Parliament. These and most other
loans are subject to a sinking fund redeeming
i within a moderate period. It is, of
course, always thought that when rates
are high, as for example in Foplar, which is
named on anothei page, it must be chiefly
the fault of the governing authority; but
there is a great deal to be said upon the
other side. The author's assumption that
our poor law is a necessary consequence
from the facts is at variance with the expe-
rience of many other countries. In France,
however, the institution of the right to relief,
against the chance of death by destitution,
is now being for the first time discussed in
Parliament. It is hardly right to name
J. S. Mill as though lie had been a steady
advocate of " the alienation of public land."
In the later part of his life he strongly
opposed the alienation of the Greenwich-
I!" ipital and other such landed estates, and
prepared a Bill fcr retaining them in public
hands, for abolishing the law of mortmain, and
for ins! ituting public management of public
lands in counties. He was also a determined
supporter of the maintenance of all existing
commons, wild lands, and State forests.
The passages on "self-taxation" remind
us that an interesting field of historical
inquiry has not, so far as we know, been
covered by any full account of various
occasions when citizens have been called
upon to give voluntarily to the State.
There was a large subsciiption of this kind
this country during the great war; and
it was calculated by many persons in the
form of a voluntary income-tax or rate.
The short explanation of the advantages of
a funded debt on p. 126 should be ex] a ided.
As it stands, the fuller statement on the next
page of the advantages of Treasury bills,
Exchequer bonds, and terminable annuities
would appear to the young student to conflict
with the previous reference. The statement
that the salt tax in India " is not really
onerous " will be sharply contested. The
words are not used in a technical sense, for
where " onerous " occurs in other passages
it is between inverted commas, and in two
places where the phrase "really onerous"
is adopted the use of the words is loose or
popular. The author condemns the French
salt tax, which makes his defence of the
Indian salt tax the more startling. The
English of the volume is good for a work
upon such a subject, but we do not like the
phrase " when profits have recovered the
normal."
La Question Congolaise, by Dr. Vermeersch,
S.J., of the Catholic University of Louvain
(Brussels, Charles Bulens), is a remarkable
contribution to M. Cattier's side of the Congo
controversy, and will be damaging to King
Leopold. It shows that the opinion of the
Catholic Church has been profoundly affected
by recent discoveries. The language of the
author is full of politeness to his King, and
he writes in an apologetic form. This fact,
however, only makes his admissions the more
startling, and his conclusions the more
acceptable to thore in this country who have
long been attacked as either interested or
hypocritical. Our author deals at length
with the criticism which he thinks may
fairly be made against the silence maintained
for many years by Belgian doubters. He
explains that
"the Belgian is not an American, and not a
revolutionist by nature The newspapers pre-
disposed our missionaries to a great and patient
indulgence The attack came from Protestant
missionaries Was it wrong of our missionaries
to try regular and pacific steps rather than
make a noise, probably useless, and perhaps dan-
gerous ? "
Returning to the subject, he asks of the
Belgian Catholic missions : —
"Why did they hold their peace? Why did
they prefer to suffer in silence the wrongs done to
them and to the poor negroes? Because they
had faith in the -administration of their fellow-
countrymen, in their assurances, in their promises.
Because they loved Belgium, and would not, by
declamation at the wrong time, play the game of a
foreign nation,"
After stating the reasons why they did not
like to quarrel with the State, he tells us
that it was a sacrifice " to the good name of
Belgium." He then explains away previous
declarations by the missionaries in favour
of the State, and says that
"after the publication of the Report the mis-
sionaries quitted their ordinary reserve No-
thing now ought to hold them back The King
himself has asked for light."
There" is now nothing in our author's attitude
of which we in this country can complain.
Father Vermeersch, in passing, destroys the
whole fabric of King Leopold's assertions as
to the State not being the creation of Europe.
In some portions of the volume our author
goes even beyond M. Cattier, and he also
quotes with high approval a volume, ie-
viewed by us on its appearance, l>y " un
honnete honnne, le Baron de Mandat." Wo
did justice at the time to the courage of the
Baron de Mandat-Grancey. The great ira
portance Of the volume before us is (hat in
some of its most teniblo passages as, for
example, at p. 250 the author distinctly
states that
"in giving this point in detail we have limited
ourselves to transcribing tin- unanimous feeling
with which their experience has inspired the
missionaries."
— that is, the Belgian Catholic, missions.
Songs by Ben Jonson : a Selection from
the Plays, Masques, and Poems, with the
Earliest Known Settings of Certain Numbers.
(Eragny Press, Hammersmith.) — The work
of Mr. Pissarro is by this time familiar to all
amateurs of fine printing, and they will be
prepared to welcome the issue of this new
volume from his press, the outcome of some
eight months' unremitting toil. The general
features of his books are a charmingly
designed cover, one of his wonderful wood-
cuts in colour, an unexceptionable text, a
good balance of red and black on the page,
fine presswork, and accurate register ; but
in this work he has gone far beyond his own
high standard in many respects. Mr.
Barclay Squire — among the first of living
authorities on the music of the period — has
seen the music of the nine songs through
the press, while Mr. Pissarro has printed it
in black on red lines from the composers'
editions in the original parts. His music
type, specially designed for hi? ' Old French
and English Ballads,' has been again em-
ployed. It is modelled on the finest examples
of sixteenth-century music, and Mr. Pissarro
prints with it in a manner almost unknown
in this country since Wynkyn de Worde.
The names of the composers are pleasantly
familiar to lovers of old music — Ferrabosco,
Lanneare, and Lawes ; while the songs
selected are far from being staled by
repetition. For beauty of impression and
accuracy of register this work will rank
among the finest pieces of music printing of
its century.
Apart from these qualities, however, we
suspect the special attraction for co1 lectors
in the Eragny books will turn out in the end
to be Mr. Pissarro's delicate and beautiful
woodcuts in colours. He has travelled far
since the is&ue of ' The Queen of the Fishes '
in 1894, but it has been in a straight line.
His mastery of his art remains unchallenged
— the cutting of four or five separate wood-
blocks for each illustration, and their print-
ing at a hand press necessitating a patience
and a dexterity so foreign to the atmosphere
of European art that we might well call
the result Japanese, were it not that the
word would convey an erroneous impression
of Mr. Pissarro's work. One of these wood-
cuts would confer distinction on most fine-
printed books of the day : they harmonize
with his own. Jonson's lyrics have never
had a more gracious setting.
We are very glad to receive a third edition
of Mr. Dickinson's The Meaning of Good :
a Dialogue (Brimley Johnson). The success
of such a book is most encouraging from the
point of view both of style and matter. It
is one of the two or three signs — faintly
perceived, it is true, among the parade of
superstition, flippancy, and ignorance — that
the present age may recapture some of
that Oeist which was browbeaten by the
materialists a while ago.
In "The King's Classics" (De La More
Press) The Vicar of Wakefield makes an
elegant appearance. Dr. Garnett's Intro-
duction is an excellent specimen of his
happy touch and easy erudition.
Messbs. Hutchinson's " Popular Classics"
represent the last word in cheap reprints,
for they even reduce the current shilling
associated with such popular veitures to
tenpence, yet give excellenl measure. The
cloth binding in red is neat, and the
design on the back tasteful : and a
more- elaborate cover of lambskin, with
gilt top. is to he had for eightpenoe
extra. The hooks are varied, including
Leigh limit's The Town, with a few notes
at the end: Bre1 Harte'a Choice Tales and
Verse; Lj (ton's Last Days of Pompeii;
Water) mi's Wanderings in South America,
008
Til K AT II KN^UM
X" 1099, May 19. L90C
with ti>a|) an. I notes; and Brownii
ms, 2 vols., with ini.i notes. Rach
une lii*—. ii frontispiece, and »>• are pit
to observe thai Waterton'a many claa ioal
allusions nave been carefully looked after
in tli<- text and the notes. The selection
from Brel rlarte has a vivid and philosophic
Introduction by W. If, We hope it ma]
mil be too philosophio for the avei ider,
for it Bays well Borne essential things about
r.i. i Sarte'a favourite material far romanoe.
I\ Rfr. Frowde's hands "The Worlds
Classics" are being oontinued with skill
and enterprise. They are available in no
fewer than si\ differenl Btyles. We have
before us The Ton,,/ of WildfeU Hall, by
Amir Bronte; Tht Worts of Char
VoL 111. -'The Canterbury Tales,' in the
authoritative text of Prof . Skeat ; Twenty-
thru Tales by Tolstoy, translated by L. and
A. Maude, a representative selection of the
.i writer's varied activities; Borrow'a
Bible in Spain, with n brief chronology of
liis life and works ; and Thoreau'a Wctiden,
commended by a most interesting Intro-
duction from Mr. Wntts-Dunton, which not
only hits off Thoreau'a characteristics, but
idso says something about the general rela-
tion of Man to Nature. The whole has a
sly humour which might persuade even the
Philistine to take to thinking for a change.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLI8 II.
Theology.
Abraham (W. B.X The Position of the Eucharist in Sunday
w orship, 5/ net.
Corfe (C. .1.). The Anglican Church in Corea, 3/ net.
Ilutton (W. II.), The Church ami the Barbarians, 3/6 net.
Memorable Unitarians: Brief Biographical sketches, 2/G
net.
Nfitchinson (Rev. J.). The Great Commandment, and the
Second Like unto It, 1/G
Moberly (w. a.), The old Testament in Modern Light, 1/6
0'Leary(Rev. de I,.), The Apostolical Constitutions, 1/
Bewail (I-'.), Keason in Belief, 5/
Lair.
Digest of English Civil Law, edited by E. Jenks: Book II
Part I., Law of Contract, by R. w. Lee. .Vnet.
Rudall (A. R.), Duty of Trustees as to Investment of Trust
Funds, 1/
Fine Art and Arcliwology.
Constantinople, painted by W. Goble, described by A van
Millingen, 20/ net.
Kgypt Exploration Fund : Temple of Deir el Bahari by K
Naville, Part v.. Plates cxuc-cl., 30/ net
Greece, painted by .1. Fulleylove, described by J. A
M'Clymont, 20/ net
Hooper (C. K.), The Country House, 16/ net
Leigh (R. A. Austen), Bygone Eton, 21 net
Silvery Thames, described by W. Jerrold, illustrated bv
E. W. Baslehnst, 21/ net
Poetry a ml Drama.
English Lyric Poetry, 1600 1700, introduction by F. I.
Carpenter, 2 8
Hoppin (J. M.), The Reading of Shakespeare, 5/ net
LucefM.), A Handbook to the Works of Shakespeare 6/
Lyra. Venatica, conipiled by .1. S. Reeve, .Vnet.
Tennyson's In Memoriam, Maud, and other Poems, 2/ net.
Music.
Joyce (P. WA Irish Peasant Songs in the English Lan-
guage, Crf. net.
Bibliography.
Schuyler (M.), A Bibliography of the Sanskrit Drama 6/8
net.
History and Biography.
Anderson (Sir EL), Side-Lights on the Home Rule Move-
ment, 9/ net.
Barron (E. M). Inverness in the Fifteenth Century <>/net
Benson (A. C), Walter Pater, 2/ net
Boissier «:.), Tacitus, and other Etonian studies, translated
by w. a. Hutchinson, 8/ net.
Carpenter (E.), Bays with wait Whitman. 6/ net
Fragmenta I lenealogica , \ oL XI.
F\\ie (.i.), some Literary Eccentrics, 12/6 net.
Gail (!•:. A.), A History of Assam, 16/ net
Hollams (Sir J.), Jottings of an old Solicitor, 8/ net
LilleyfA. LA Sir Joshua Bitch, 7/8 net
Lloyd (.1.), The Early History of the Old South Wales Iron
Works. 1760-1840, 26/net
Maelii.iveili (\.), The Florentine History, translated by
N. H. Thomson, 2 vols., L2/6net
Pollock (Sir K), Introduction and Notes on Sir Henry
Maine's ' Ancient Law,' 2/6 net.
EtoscoefSir EL BA Life and Experiences, 12/ net
Siehel (E.), The Life and Letters (.f Alfred linger, 12/6 net
Tolstoy, his Life and Work: Vol. I. childhood and Early
Manhood, (i/ net.
Trevelyan (c. M.), The Poetry and Philosophy of Georee
Meredith, 3/6 net.
w.,1.1. II ' i i i .
dltlon of r« S I, Third Edition, : 8 net
wiiil, \ (Buck), Memoirs, Including hi- Jouraej to Java-
sihin, b) Uli i:. Sullivan, 21* ni
' | I r,nirt.
i P rdona, translated bj i . m.
I •'■-! ling, 1 6 lie!.
Dorking nnd Letitherhend, with their Nurroundlnga, l Dd
1 I ii iiren i i the Balkans, 8
(J, H i i lie lie.nl II, mii ,,f Austral
linen, i i \i i be ll-ii i ol the Country, B net
I •» (8.), \ \ ii, ,n «,i India, 10 8 net
Macfarlane |WA Geographical Collections rel itlng to
land, edited bj Rii \ MitchelL
Bawnslej hi. l> ». Literary laaociations of the English
Lakes, 2 vols., Third Edition, 10 net; Months at the
1 net.
Sport and Patti
Braid (•!.), Qolf Guide and Hon to Plaj Golf, Srf. net
Hunt's L'nivers il \ achl List, 190
i llectlonaofa Bison and Tiger Hunter, by Felix, 8/8 net,
Education.
O'Shea (M. v. >, Dynamic Factors in Education, 5/ net
Philology.
Cuyas (AA Appleton's \e« Spanish-English and English-
Spanish Dictionary, 10/8 net
Kings English, 6 net
Propertius, translated by J. 8. Phillimore, 8/6 net
SchOOUBOOkt.
Arnold (Matthew), selected Poems, edited by R. Wilson, i r,
('■■ok (A. M.) and Marchanl (E. ('.), Latin Passages for
Unseen Translation, Third Edition, i 6
HassaH (A.), War and Reform, 1789 1887, 8/
Perry (W. ('.), The Boys Odyssey, edited by T. 8. Peppin,
i a . ii .
Plato, Enthyphro, Apology, and Crito, translated by F. M
Stawell, 2/6 net
Stobarl (J. C), The Age of Chaucer, 1215 1600, 1 6
Zobeltitz(F, von), DerBackflschkasten, edited by (;. Hein, 2/
Science.
Barrett (IL), The Management of Children, 5/ net.
Barrows (F. W.), Practical Pattern-Making, 6/ net.
Chamberlain (C. J.), Methods in Plant Histology, Second
Edition, 10/6
Harrison (X.), Electric Wiring, Diagrams, and Switch-
boards, 6/ net
Lea (S. IL), Hydrographic Surveying, 8/ net.
Loeb (J.), The Dynamics of Living Matter, 12/8 net.
Smith (WA The Chemistry of Hat Manufacturing, 7/8 net.
Walker (K.), Modern Medicine for the Home, 2 6
Woolwich Mathematical Papers, 1896-1905, edited by E J.
Brooksmith, 6/
Sates CM.), A Text-Book of Botany : Part I. The Anatomy
of Flowering Plants, 2/6 net.
Juvenile Books.
Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp, and other Stories,
edited by A. Lang, 2 '6
Little Wide Awake Series, edited by M. T. Yates : Grimm's
Fairy Stories; Hans Andersen's Fairy Tales; Little
Red Riding Hood Fairy Book, 6<f. each."
Little Wildrose, and other Stories, edited by A. Lang, 2/6
Snow Queen (The), and other Stories, edited bv A. Lang, 2 G
Trusty John, and other Stories, edited by A. Lang, 2/6
General Literature.
Adams (A.), Cattle Brands, 6/
Appleton (G. W.), Miss White of Mayfair, 6/
Betting and Gambling, edited by 15. S. Rowntree, 6rf.
Blake (B. 0.), Cain's Wife, 6/
Blunck (A.), Lessons on Form, translated from the German
by D. O'Conor, 7/6 net.
Rourget (P.), Divorce, 6/
Bunyan (J.), The Holy War, 1/
Burgess ((!.), A Little Sister of Destiny. 6/
Burlaml (IL), The Black Motor-Car,6/
Cleeve (LA A Double Marriage, 6/
Dickinson (H. N.), Tilings thai are Osar's, 6/
Elizabeth and her German Garden, illustrated by s. II.
Vedder, 7/6 net
Frothingham (E. B.), The Evasion, 6/
(iiberne (A.), Rowena, 6/
Gissing ((!.), The House of Cobwebs, and other Stories,
Introductory Survey by T. Seccombe, 6/
Cordon (s.), The Ferry of Fate, 6/
Griffith (c.), The Great Weather Syndicate, 6/
llains(T. •!.), The Voyage of the Arrow, 8/
Hoare (II. W.), The Disestablishment Question at the
Present Time, Od.
Hutchinson (Major-General H. DA Military sketching
Made Easy and Military Maps Explained,' Sixth Edi-
tion, 4/ net
Jones (P.), The Moral and Religious Condition of Wales, (W.
King (A. R.), The Agony of Love and Hate, 6/
Lever (G), Lord Kilgobbin, Illustrated by Luke Fildes, 8 r,
Maxwell ill.), The Marriage of Eileen, 6/
O'Donnell (Is.). Jenny Barlowe, Adventuress, 6/
Olivia's Shop] ling and How She Does It, 1 I
I'.nsc (M. <!.), The Prett y Ways o' Providence, and other
Stories, 8/6
Praed (Mrs. ('.), The Lost Earl of Elian, 6/
Raine (Allen). Queen of the Rushes, r,
Randal (.1.), The Sweetest Solace. 8
Etichet (ch.), Peace and War, translated by M. Edwardes,
i 'net
Buskin (J.), Fors Clavigera, Vol. IV., 3/ net.
SI. AubvnlA.), The Red Van, 8/
Sims(G. EL), Two London Fairies, 8 8
Swift (Dean), A Tale of a Tub; A Complete Collection of
Genteel and Ingenious Conversation, 2/ net each; Gul-
liver's Travels, and other Works, edited by the late
11. Morley, 6/ net.
Temple classics: Goethe's Faust Part II. , translated b>-
A. (I. I .-it ham ; Burke's Speeches on America, 1 0 net
each.
Tolstoy's Francoise, Adaptation of a Story by Guy de
Maupassant, 8d. net
Tolstoy, Greater Parables, as told to his Congregation, by
w. Walsh, L/net
1 1
10 ■
Toon (Mi -Mi 1 . 1 iumph of I
I,, of the I I
I \\\ I
Wil-oii 1 Mi- \ 1. M . . 1 ..lour, Mo
World - 1
Kpain ; Twentj 1 ■ • • 1
Vol III < mu rim
Hi, ! M'ildfell II.. 11. l
Wright cm 1
'1 ■ I Urienn (1 he), l,s tin- \uthor of ' I
Cliildien.'O/
rOBBZl M
7 I ■ ■
Iloutin < ,\ ,1 Qui Ion Bibllqne au XX. Si^cle, 4fr.
/ I • .- • ■
( criani (A. M ) et K.it t i (A), Homeri lliadi- picUe I
menta Ambrosiana, Phototypici ■
Heitzd'.i. Kolorierte FrUbdrurke ani tier Stifubibliothek
in St. Call, -ii. -nil.
Schrammen (J.), Altertiiroei v. Pergamon, VoL III P 1
Per grosse Altar. Der obere Matkt,
//•" tory and Bit ■■ aphy,
Losertii CI.). Pontes Eterum Austriacarum : Part II
Vol. LY1II. Section I. Die Zeiten •
1600-1600, 17m. +0.
Merz (Dr. W.), Die Linzburg, Re\ue Hixtoriqne,
.fuin, 6fr.
Phikiogy.
Paepcke ((".), De Pergameaorum Litteratura, lm. 60.
General Literature.
Degener (IL A. L.), Wer ist's? L'nsere '/.<
9m. 60.
Fi"inzos(K. E.), Bin Kainjif urns Recht, 2 vols., 6m.
*»* All Books received at the Office up to Wedn-
Morning mil bt included i unless pre>
noted. Publishers are requested to state prices %rhein
lending Hooks.
THE AUTHOR OF THE FRENCH
ORIGINAL OF WOLFRAM VON
ESCHENBACH'S ' PARZIVAL.'
University College. London,
Like Mr. A. Xutt (cf. The Athena
April 7th, p. 422), I have read with great
interest Dr. Hagen's learned article on the
Kiot-Wolfram question in vol. xxxviii. of
the Zeitschrijt fiir deutsche Philologic. It
helps to undermine more than any previous
contribution the already shaky ground on
which defenders of the Crestien-Wolfram
theorjr stand, and Dr. Hagen has also very
ingeniously thrown light upon Trevrezent'-:
Turnierfahrt (P. 496, 15-21 ; 497, 6-2" :
498, 20-499, 10), with the result that the
attention of scholars will have to turn to
England and the Court of Richard Cceur de
Lion for the home and author (or at le
the inspirer !) of Wolfram's source.
One may, indeed, follow Dr. Hagen so far.
and yet doubt whether Philip, Bishop of
Durham, will figure in our future histori<--
of literature as author of that epic. I must
content myself here with emphasizing one
great difficulty, which, it is true. Dr. Hn_
himself touches upon when he (p. 198) con-
cedes that nothing is known of any poetical
or literary activity (nor. let me add even
any literary interest) on the part of Philip :
but he consoles himself by hoping that such
testimony may yet come to lieht. or nay
already be in existence, as he has not been
able to look up all the references to Philip
given in the 'Dictionary of National B
graphy,' xlv. 1S4. The latter, however,
I can assure him, contain nothing on the
point, nor do some other references I have
been able to consult [e.g., ' The Origin and
Succession of the Bishop's [!] of Durham,1
printed from the original MS. in the 1 '■
and Chapter's library at Durham. 177!' |
and, until the hoped-for new material has
been brought to light, I must continue to
doubt Philip"* author si lip. S 1 f- - 1
Furthermore, let 11s suppose Dr. Hagen
is right in attributing the reference to the
painters at Cologne and Maastricht (P. 158, It' )
to Philip.* In this case, unless the passe
• With P. 181, 7-12 in my mind I am by no means con-
vinced ahout this.
NT°4099, May 19, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
609
is to be considered as a later insertion, Philip
could not have begun the poem before 1198,
i.e., at the time when he was already in-
stalled Bishop of Durham ; and he must
have finished it about 1202-3, the latest
date at which the MS. copy could have come
into the hands of the Landgrave of Thuringia.
Yet, to judge from the present evidence, the
turbulent times of the beginning of his
episcopal reign, full of internal and external
strife ; the different missions entrusted to
him by King John ; and his journey to
Compostella and other places on the Con-
tinent during the year 1201, can hardly
have provided the leisure and mood which
an epic of such depth would demand. The
difficulty does not end here. If a bishop, one
of the " most devoted adherents " of the
house of Anjou, composes an epic of about
24,000 lines, a definite glorification of this
house, a poem a copy of which we should
expect him to have handed to his royal
master King John, is it likely that every
trace of it in this country should have
vanished — that neither friend nor foe of the
bishop should have referred to such a remark-
able production, nor even hinted at the
bishop's poetical gifts ?
Whilst these are the chief reasons for my
doubting Philip's authorship, yet this need
not exclude the possibility (among others)
that Philip might have acted as
" Gewahrsmann " to the poet, whoever he
was, just as Anselm did to Raoul de
Coggeshale.
What Dr. Hagen says (p. 206) with refer-
ence to P. 453, 15-17, on the possibility of
Philip having been instructed in the art
of necromancy, is beside the point, as dne
(P. 453, 17) is certainly to be taken as mean-
ing " without," and not " beside."
R. Pbiebsch.
SOME UNPUBLISHED LETTERS OF
CHARLES LAMB.
May I be allowed to say a word or two
concerning Mr. Dobell's Lamb Letters,
published a fortnight ago in The Athenaeum ?
Mr. Dobell offers no opinion as to the
year when the third letter (to Manning) was
written. Is it not possible that a slight clue
may be found in the phrase " the Northern
confederacy," and that this may have some
reference to Lamb's remarks in a letter to
the same correspondent, dated February 15th
1801 ?—
" I had need be cautious henceforward what
opinion I give of the ' Lyrical Ballads.' All the
North of England are in a turmoil. Cumberland
and Westmoreland have already declai'ed a state of
war.'"
If this view be correct, then the letter
must have been written subsequently to
the above date, somewhere between it
and August of that year, when Lamb's
first journalistic efforts came to an end on
the failure, of The Albion. The reference
at tlic (lose of the letter to his intention " to
get into pay with some newspaper " reads
as though no work of this kind had been
done previously.
The I" h-ttor should, one is inclined
io ''.ink, be placed earlier than the begin-
ning of 1834, at which time Lamb was
living ifi Edmonton. Tin- invitation to
Talfourd is to Enfield, and the fact
that ho would have to put up with an
" ion-bed " might be due to the limited
accommodation at the Westwoods', with
whom the bombs lodged from the end of
1820 to about May, 1833. Further, as
Lamb seems most anxious that Talfourd
should bring Kyle with him, the wished -for
visit of these two may have had something
to do with Lamb's will, which was dated
October 9th, 1830. Be this as it may, it
is almost certain that the letter must have
been written much earlier than 1834.
S. BUTTEBWORTH.
WHERE WAS THE ' ORMULUM '
WRITTEN ?
Clarendon Press, Oxford.
The definite facts that are known about
the author of the ' Ormulum ' are the follow-
ing. He gives his own name variously as
Orm and Ormin, the latter form (if his words
may be taken literally, which is doubtful)
being that of his baptism ; he had a brother
bearing the Norman name of Walter, who
was, like himself, an Augustinian canon ; and
his work, according to palfeographical and
linguistic evidence, must have been written
about A.r>. 1200 in the North-East Midlands.
The only one of these statements that has
in recent times been questioned is that
Walter was Orm's brother in the literal sense.
It has been maintained that when Orm
addresses Walter as his brother " affterr ]>e
flaeshess kinde," he means only that he was
his fellow-man. The sole argument alleged
for this strange interpretation is based on
the assumption (which, as I shall show, is
erroneous) that in the twelfth century so
thorough a (Scandinavian) Englishman as
Orm was could not have had a brother with
a Norman name. When this assumption is
set aside, there remains no reason against
taking Orm's wrords in their obvious sense.
It may be granted that if Orm had not been
Walter's brother in the literal meaning of the
word, it would have been quite in his manner
to mention the brotherhood of common
humanity as one of the three kinds of
fraternal relationship by which he was
bound to his friend. But it would be very
unlike his ordinary style (which is, indeed,
even superfluously explanatory) to express
this notion in terms that were liable to be
misunderstood. It may therefore be regarded
as certain that Orm and Walter were actually
brothers.
So far as I am aware, no attempt has
hitherto been made to identify the particular
house of Augustinian canons to which Orm
(and probably also Walter) belonged. The
establishments of this order in England in
the twelfth century were so extraordinarily
numerous that the task of identification at
first sight appears hopeless. But the abun-
dance of Scandinavian words in the dialect
of the ' Ormulum,' and the Northern features
that qualify its general East Midland cha-
racter, seem to point decisively to Lincoln-
shire as the district in which the work was
written. As there were only eleven Augus-
tinian houses in this county, the range of
search is greatly narrowed. A study of the
documents relating to these placeshas led
in.' to form a conjecture which, though far
from being demonstratively certain, has
some circumstances in its favour, and does
not appear to conflict with the known facts.
The monastic house at Elsham, not far
from the II umber, was originally a "hospital,"
but was refounded as an Augustinian priory
by Walter de Amundeville between 1 147 and
1 166 [i.e., in the episcopate of Robert, Bishop
of Lincoln). In the foundation charter
(Dugdale'a ' Monasticon,' ed. Caley and
Bandinel, vol. vi. p. 660) Walter grants to
the house the services of certain villeins arid
their families, among whom is William (son
of Leofwine), his " propositus " <>r steward,
and also endows it with land at " Ouresbi "
formerly held by Orm, the uncle of the same
William. Now it seems almost certain
that William the " propositus " owed
his Norman name to a godfather belong-
ing to the Amundeville family (a brother
of Walter de Amundeville, it may be
remarked, was named William). It would
be very natural that William the steward
should name one son Walter after his-
lord, and another Orm after his own uncle.
It would be equally natural that these two-
sons should enter the monastic house which
had been founded by their lord, and of which
they, with their father, had been made sub-
jects. I therefore venture to propound, as
a likely hypothesis, that the author of the-
' Ormulum ' and his brother Walter were the
sons of William(son of Leofwine), the steward
of Walter de Amundeville, and that they
were inmates of the Triory of Elsham.
I fully admit that this hypothesis rests on
extremely slight evidence, and that it will
have to be abandoned if any facts should
be discovered that distinctly point to a
different locality. But at any rate the
charter does prove that in the twelfth century
a Lincolnshire Englishman named Orm
could have a kinsman with a Norman name ;
so that there is no excuse for doubting that
the later Orm meant what he said when he
described Walter as " broherr min affterr
]>e flseshess kinde." With regard to the
interpretation of this expression, it is
perhaps not irrelevant to note that the two
brothers of Walter de Amundeville, in their
charters ratifying his grant, speak of their
mother as " mater mea carnalis." It may
be a mere accidental coincidence that the
names Walter and Orm are brought together
in a charter of a Lincolnshire Augustinian
house, and that some half-century later
two brothers with these names — from the
evidence of dialect apparently Lincolnshire
men — are found as fellow-members of the
Augustinian order. But surely such an
accidental coincidence would be a little out
of the common.
There are two other matters connected
with the ' Ormulum ' which, though not
bearing on the question placed at the head
of this paper, may conveniently be referred
to here. First, How did Orm come to think
of giving to his work the odd name of ' Ormu-
lum ' ? The common explanation, that it
was suggested by the form of Latin diminu-
tives in -ulum, is obviously insufficient. It
seems to me likely^ that this eccentric coinage
was a sort of parody of the title of some
existing book. Now there were very many
mediaeval works of devotion and religious
edification bearing the name of ' Speculum ' ;
one of them was by Orm's contemporary
Edmund Rich, and there may have been
others still earlier. Perhaps it may yet be
discovered that some one of the books so
entitled was among the sources which Orm
used.
The other point relates to the form of the
name Walter. Normally, the anglicized pro-
nunciation of this name, about 1200, ought
to have a long vowel in the last syllable :
but the printed text of the ' Ormulum ' has
the spelling " Wallterr," which would imply
that the e was short. 1 wish to point out that
the MS., in which the name is written with
a contraction, affords no authority for the
doubling of the r. Hknuv BBADLEY.
THE TRUMAN CRUIKSHANK SALE.
Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson A Hodgi sold
(hiring last week the extensive collection of bookl
illustrated hy ( Vniksliank belonging to tlic late Mr,
E. Truman, the six days' sale realising 4,954£ The
following were the chief prices: ainsworth's Jaok
Sheppara, 16 parts. 1830, 1'.)/. 5e, Crowquill's
Holiday Grammar, 1826, T,i. 10a sketches i>\
610
tii E ATM EN .i-:r M
N 1099, May L9, 1906
.
m! oopj 1839,70/. 10*, Grimm'ii German
Populai si ,i K23 8, i" i ill i upy, 82/. : another,
in The Humourist, i vol*., original pi< I
boards, 1819 20, 107/. ; another (ordinary oopy), 32/.
[ngoldata Logvncl . in i edition, •'! vols., 1840-7,
I,, land Life ol Napoleon, I volt., 1828, IT/.
Kenriok'a The British Stage, 6 vols., \ ery fine oopy,
1M7 -2, •">;{/. I. ii<- iii Lond ii, iii 12 parte, large
paper, 1821, 43/, 10a Life in Paris, large paper,
20 part*, 1822,30/. The Meteor, 2 vola,, 1818 14,
Rogue's Maroh from Madrid to Paris, a
iture, 1808, 24/. Town Talk, 6 vols., im-
perfoot, 1811 II. 53/. Military ( lareer of Napoleon
(ohapbonk), J. Bailey, n.d.,20t. LOa. Syntax i Life
ol Napoleon, 14 proof etchings. '_''_'/. 10a Etchings
and < lari oat ores in Reid repudiated by Cruikshank,
IT'. 10a The engraved oopperplatee <>t various
booh designs, woodblookB, to., Eetohed 205/.
Jfttoarg (Sossip.
The following are some of the articles
which will appear in the June number
of The Independent Review: 'Anti-Mili-
tarism in France,9 by M. Urbain (Jollier;
- Bemy Sid-wick,' by Prof. F. W. Mait-
land ; ' The Future of Denominational
Schools,' by Mr. Michael Sadler; k The
New Humility,' by Mr. G. K. Chesterton ;
1 The Political Aspirations of Scotland,'
by Mr. J. W. Gulland, M.P. ; ' Rostock
and Wismar,' by Mr. E. M. Forster ; and
' Liquor Taxation,' by Mr. J. A. Hobson.
Mr. John Murray will publish next
week the elaborate work ' The Triumphs
•of Petrarch,' which has already stimulated
the interest of bibliophiles. The fact
that the price of the edition de luxe is
sixty guineas is some evidence of its value
and attractiveness. The price of the
ordinary edition is, of course, very much
les<.
The Preelections delivered in January
by the five candidates for the Regius Pro-
fessorship of Greek at Cambridge — Prof.
Jackson, Prof. Ridgeway, Dr. Verrall,
Dr. Adam, and Dr. Headlam — will be
issued very shortly in book form by the
University Press.
I1 he Cambridge Press also have ready
for immediate publication a work by Miss
Frances Davenport, of the Department
of Historical Research in the Carnegie
Institution of Washington, tracing from
extant records the economic development
of the manor of Forncett, in Norfolk,
from 1086 to 1565.
In the summer of last year Mr. Charles
A. Sherring, of the United Provinces Civil
Service, was sent on a special mission
to Western Tibet, and he is now
producing, under the title of ' Western
Tibet and the British Borderland,' a
volume which embodies the infor-
mation then gained, together with the
local knowledge acquired by long residence
on the border as Deputy Commissioner
of Almora. The book includes the story
by Dr. Longstaff of an attempt to climb
the highest mountain in Western Tibet,
and will be published by Mr. Edward
Arnold.
Mrs. William Alungham, who is pre-
paring a biography of her husband for
the press, will be grateful if any one pos-
sessing letters of his will kindly lend them ;
to her for u-e iii the hook. Her addre--
i Kiilon Bouse, Lyndhurst Etoad, Qamp-
.'I.
Messbs. Nil -on \ Bona aril]
during the present month the oomplete
works of Shakspeare in their " New
Century Library, India Paper 8ei
The whole will be complete in sis volui
and will be issued in cloth, limp leather,
and leather hoards. Each of these pocket
volumes will contain an original front is-
piece printed in colours.
The Vacation Term for Biblical Study,
which has been held in past years at Cam-
bridge and Oxford, will take place this
year at Durham, where the University has
kindly consented to place its beautiful
buildings at the disposal of the students.
The lecturers wrill be men of different
schools of thought, but all experts. It is
hoped that the following among others
will take part : Dr. Burney, Archdeacon
Fearon, Canon Foakes - Jackson, Dr.
Knowling, Dr. Hodgkin, Dr. Jevons, the
Rev. C. W. Johns, the Rev. J. H. Moulton,
Dr. Anderson Scott, and the Rev. F. R.
Tennant. The main subject will be belief
in a future life as shown in the Old and
New Testaments, whilst the influence of
the surrounding nations upon Israel will
also be considered. The term will last
from July 23rd to August 11th. Further
information can be obtained from the
Secretary, Miss Creighton, Hampton Court
Palace.
As the result of the efforts of the Oxford
and Cambridge Philological Societies,
and of the Classical Associations which
represent Great Britain, it seems pro-
bable that solid support will be
accorded to a reasonable reform in the
pronunciation of Latin. Over a hundred
and fifty tutors at Oxford and Cambridge
have pledged themselves to the Philo-
logical Societies' scheme, which is vir-
tually identical with that of the Classical
Association ; and several of the more
important professional bodies, like the
Head Masters' Conference, are now being
approached on the subject. It is hoped
that after the summer vacation schools
and colleges will definitely break with
their insular past.
Mr. G. Bernard Shaw will deliver a
lecture on ' The Religion of the British
Empire ' in the Kensington Town Hall
next Thursday evening. Full particulars
can be had from Mrs. Cobden-Sanderson,
River House, Hammersmith.
Mr. A. H. Coley writes : —
"In your report of the Conference of
Library and Educational Authorities at
Birmingham 1 am described as the Chair-
man of the Birmingham Education Com-
mittee. Will you kindly allow me to say
that this is not the fact ? Since the forma-
tion of the Committee Mr. (!. H. Kenriok
has held the position of Chairman, to the
ureal satisfaction and advantage of t In-
cut ire community."
Dr. Edward Henry Bickersteth,
formerly Bishop of Exeter, died last
Wednesday at the age of eighty-one.
He was well known as a writer of sacred
verse, edited 'The Hymnal Companion'
for the Evangelical party, and had a
i h hi- own poem in
bool v terday, To-day, and For Ever,'
first published in I -
I n 7 'ht < )j ford i i<" ■ i tity Oaxt Ut the
Annual Report <<f the I . ..f the
Bodleian ha- just appeared. The number
of printed and manuscript items re-
ceived during the yeai is 7!'
on record. The Copyright Act a
for 53,431, new pun h h 11,279
and gifts or exchange ii 130. Thefriendi
of the late Provost of Oriel purchased
collection of books and pamphlets on
Homeric BUbjects, 1,084 in number, and
presented them to the Bodleian. Foster's
' Alumni Oxonienses, l">:''' 1886,'
been presented by Iii- executors, with
annotations and corrections, on condition
that further correction- may be made by
students.
An answer by Mr. Haldane in the House
of Commons states that 22,000/. had h
spent on the official History of the South
African war before the end of the last
financial year ; but he hopes that it will
be completed for another 5.0007. There
are to be three volumes, the first of which
is likely to appear this summer.
Lady Warwick has put into permanent
form her views on the duties of the State
in regard to the feeding and education of
the children of working-class parents. In
' A Nation's Youth : Physical Deteriora-
tion, its Causes and some Remedies,' to
be published in a few days by Mee
Cassell, she presents the evidence for the
necessity of further reform. Sir John
Gorst contributes an interesting Intro-
duction, in which he traces the process of
social legislation during recent years.
The death occurred on Monday last of
the wife of Mr. 0. G. D. Berry, who under
her maiden name of Ada S. Ballin was
well known as an editor and journalist.
She founded the papers Baby (1887),
Womanhood (1898), and Playtime for
children (1900). and wrote several books
on hygiene and early education.
\Yi: are glad to hear that Mr. Elkin
Mathews has a third edition of Dr.
Garnett's little book ' De Flagello Myrteo '
in tlu' press, the second being already
exhausted.
Madame Mar' elle Tinayre. the well-
known novelist, has undertaken a new
role, that of chroni-.jucusr, and her criticism
of things in general will appear regularly
in the illustrated magazine Madame 't
Monsieur.
We are glad to hear that the French
librarians have -somewhat late in the
day —established an association to watch
over their interests, and foster a friendly
feeling among the members. The new
body already numbers over 200 members,
with M. Deniker, librarian at the Natural
History Museum, as president, and If.
Michel, of the Municipal Library at
Amiens, and M. Henry Martin, adminis-
trator of the Bibliotheque de 1' Arsenal,
as vice-president-. M. Sustrac, of the
Bibliotheque Sainte Genevieve, is the
general secretary ; and the office of the
new association, to which we wish all
N°4099, May 19, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
611
prosperity, is at No. 6, Place du Pantheon,
Paris.
According to the last annual report
of the German booksellers' association,
book - publishing in that country, if
quantity be taken as a criterion, is in
an exceedingly prosperous condition. In
1901 25,331 works were issued, but last
year the total amounted to 30,000.
Literary and other reviews appear to
head the list, whilst scientific publications
form the next most numerous class.
The death was announced on Monday
last of Carl Schurz, who was born in 1829
at Cologne, and, after experiences as a
revolutionary in Germany in the forties,
went to the United States in 1852. He
had a long career as a journalist, beginning
with the publication of a liberal newspaper
at Bonn. He was a newspaper corre-
spondent at Paris in 1851; and Washington
correspondent of the New York Tribune,
1865-6 ; founded The Detroit Post in the
latter year ; and became editor of a
German paper, the St. Louis Westliche
Post, in 1867. He was also editor of the
New York Evening Post, 1881-4. His
publications include his ' Speeches ' (1885),
a ' Life of Henry Clay,' and an essay on
Abraham Lincoln (1889). He was a
United States Senator from 1869 to 1875,
and took a leading part in politics, an
aspect of his life which does not concern
us here.
Dr. Georg Braxdes is going to pay a
visit to London, having been invited by
the Danish Society to be the chief guest
at a dinner on June 5th in honour of the
King of Denmark's birthday.
A Parliamentary Paper has just been
published (price 6<7.) which shows the
extent to which Local Authorities in Scot-
land have allocated and applied Funds
to the Purposes of Technical .Education
during the year ending May 15th, 1905.
We have also received the Annual General
Report of the Department of Agriculture
and Technical Instruction for Ireland
(2s.) ; a volume of the Scotch Education
Department on the Training of Teachers
(6d.) ; and the Report of the Committee
of Council on Education in Scotland,
1905-6 (2\d.).
Next week we shall pay special atten-
tion to guide-books and books of travel.
SCIENCE
BIRD LIFE.
Wild Wings, by Herbert K. Job (Con-
stable), bears as its second and explanatory
title ' Adventures of a Camera-hunter among
the larger Wild Birds of North America on
Sea and Land.' Very seldom does our lot
fall in swell pleasant places, for we can un-
!• rvedly praise tliis book, not only for the
great beauty and variety of the illustra-
tions, but also lor the admirable descriptions
of the scenes visited by the author when
hunting with a camera: a sport far more
[ting than any shooting with a gun, trie
from the taint of destruction, and affording
pleasurable reminiscences for years to come.
First comes a visit to the breeding - place
of the brown pelican in Florida, where pro-
tection has enabled these huge birds to
recover, in some degree, from the ravages
of the purveyors of plumes for the head-gear
of women ; next, to the Florida Keys (the
last word a corruption of Cayos), made
classic ground for the ornithologist by
Audubon's description in 1832 ; and then
to the Cape Sable wilderness — where drink-
able water is scarce and insect plagues
abound — in order to inspect one of the few
colonies of egrets, roseate spoonbills, and
ibises hitherto undetected by the spoiler,
though the watchman was subsequently lured
into an ambuscade and deliberately murdered
by the plume-hunters. One of these gentry,
working alone, had made $1,800 for himself,
by so completely shooting-out another
colony that a visit to the locality could not
prove profitable for some years to come, but
even here Mr. Job found subjects for some
beautiful photographs. Sooty terns and
noddies — species which occasionally wander
to the British Islands — were the character-
istic sitters for their portraits on the Dry
Tortugas ; while at Charleston we see the
scavenger black vultures and the coloured
people competing on the " dumping-ground "
of that city, and notice an effective picture
of the far finer " turkey-buzzard " on the
wing. Very interesting are the details of
the bird-colonies in Virginia, and unspeak-
ably sad are the particulars of the slaughter
of egrets at their breeding-places, to provide
the " ospreys " (so called) for ladies' hats.
At the Magdalen Island, in the Gulf of St.
Lawrence, the gannets, kittiwake gulls,
puffins, and razorbills are identical with
those of our own islands, while the guillemot
is only a thick-billed representative of our
" nmrre " ; and to many readers the illus-
trations of these and of the gulls, shear-
waters, and petrels, as well as the shore-
birds described in the following chapters,
are likely to prove particularly attractive.
The camera-hunter will appreciate the diffi-
culties to be overcome in photographing the
raptorial birds at their nests. As the great
horned owl deposits its eggs in an old nest
of a hawk, the bird can be photographed with
comparative ease ; whereas the " screech-
owl " of America, although a " horned "
species, lives in holes of trees, and has to be
taken out for portraiture. There is an
excellent index, and there is only one — un-
avoidable—draw back, namely, the weight
of the volume, owing to the glazed paper to
suit the illustrations. This is emphatically a
book to be bought : the ornithologist must
have it ; the lover of nature should have it.
The Bird Watcher in the Shetlands : with
some Notes on Seals — and Digressions. By
Edmund Scions. (Dent.) — The last word
of the title is the key-note of the book, and
the author, in his preface as well as on p. 312,
expresses his appreciation of its valuo as
explaining his discursive style, of which he
seems to be somewhat proud. Mr. Selous
has visited sonic portions of the Shetlands
on two occasions, and now he gives us his
personal views about the birds and the seals
he has watched, with a verbosity which is
really prodigious. The volume is enlivened
by ten full-page illustrations from the
practised pencil of Mr. J. Smit, but even
among these there1 is a digression ; for the
plate facing p. 84 represents whales " breach-
ing " (i.e., leaping high out of the water)
as " seen from the rocUs of Kaasey," an
island which lies between Skye and the main-
land, far away from the Shetlands. The
sportsman and the collector for museums
are favourite subjects for diatribes. The
former is a
" man who would keep up foxes, to (lie ruin of
agriculture and the depopulation of poultry-
yards"; "a man who kills animals primarily on
account of the pleasurable sensations which he
experiences in so doing."'
Far worse, however, is the collector for
museums, against whom the author rages-
so vehemently that it is not easy to find a
passage sufficiently consecutive for quotation,
though the following may serve : —
" His whole life, in thought or act, is one long
ceaseless crime against every other life. His goal
is extermination, and nature, for him, a museum
To get a thing dead, that is what his love of nature
amounts to, and he does it for those like himself.
I know the kind of people who enjoy those groups-
in the museum at South Kensington, and I am sick
at heart that they should be there for them
Tor the sake of science' — that is the formula of
the professor who sends out the naturalist to slay.
and of the naturalist who goes and slays. With
that charm on their lips both quench the thirst of
their hearts, and find no evil in the draught
Science might use her influence to check the dance
of death, instead of making it caper more wildly,
but there is something in a museum which brings
down the high to the level of the low, and makes
the learned biologist and the banging idiot the hest
of good friends and confederates."
For those who like this style there
is plenty more, garnished with French
words and phrases which have English*
equivalents. We find even such hybrid ex-
pressions as " nature empcrter's it sur ions."
The index is remarkably full, and never was
a book in greater need of a good index.
Nature-Tones and Undertones, by J. M.
Boraston (Sherratt & Hughes), is a well-
printed volume of nine sketches of life in the
open, illustrated by eighteen photographs
from nature ; and those of the young oyster-
catchers, the ring plovers, and the nesting-
places of the terns are so good that they
make amends for the somewhat hackneyed
character of the subject. About a quarter
of the book, and the most inter-
esting portion, is devoted to excursions in
the peninsula of Llanddwyn, the south
western part of Anglesey, and a favourite
haunt of the shore-birds mentioned above.
Incidentally the author gives his experiences
of one of Mr. Evan Roberts's revival meet-
ings ; and from the emotional display of
the modern Nonconformist he passed to the-
fervour of earlier times and another creed,
when St. Dwynwen withdrew herself from
society, and led to the foundation of some
kind of monastic establishment which was
long ago swallowed up by the waves or
covered by the drifting sands. Even the
ruined church, now photographed, had no-
rector after the " Black Dean " of Bangor,
who helped Henry VII. to the throne. A very
agreeable chapter is devoted to ' The Plough-
ing of the Marsh ' ; for the urban district coun-
cil had issued the fiat, "Let dry land appear,"
and the sunlight glinted on the share of tin
municipal plough as the author went to \ isit
the haunts of the plovers, redshanks, sand-
pipers, ducks, ive., before the impending
drainage. Altogether, we can heartily com-
mend the book, and consider it a distinct
advance upon Mr. Boraston's ' Birds by
Land and Sea.' which we noticed favourabh
on December 24th, 1904.
CONVERSAZIONE OF THE ROYAL
SOCIETY.
Tin-; exhibits at this function wen
perhaps, hardly so interesting as usual.
English discoveries in physics and other
sciences having this year been few. It is to
this fact, probably, that must be attributed
the inclusion of appliances having merely a
topical or sensational interest, among which
may be named the " Ever-trusty " oxygen
apparatus used for working in foul air. \
it KaS Long been before the public, and t In
612
Til E A Til KX/EUM
N 40JM), May 10, 11106
principles on which it is constructed an
w.ll known, one can only guess that it found
lis wh\ to Burlington House becausi it was
employed for the rescue of the miners
entombed alive in the recent disaster at
Courrierea [n the same category maj
perhaps be rlnnsod the seismograph records
from the Royal Observatory at Edinburgh
ami the seisxnograms oi Prof. Milne, which
would probably not have been shown bu1
for the late upheaval at Ban Francisco.
x"et there was some apparatus exhibited
that was both new and ingenious, especially
Dr. P. E. Shaw's electrical measuring
machine, whioh aims at replacing '•>
electric contacts the measuring machines
whioh depend <>n mechanical touch. It is
claimed on its behalf thai it avoids the strain
on micrometer screws and nuts inseparable
from measuring machines like theWhil worth ;
thai it can be adjusted and calibrated by the
user without recourse to expert assistance;
and that its contacts are made with
points instead of plane surfaces. All these
claims seemed to be justified by the model
exhibited on Wednesday week, and before
Ions,' some such machine Will doubtless
supersede all others for accurate measure-
ments. In Mechanics there was also to be
seen 1'rof. George Forbes'a naval gunsight,
now beino; constructed at Klswick for trial
on H.M.S. Africa. By an ingenious arrange-
ment of curved surfaces, this apparatus does
away with all toothed gear, and makes
allowance for all variations in muzzle velocity,
density of air, and time of flight to an extent
that is almost human. Before leaving this
class we should mention the torsion spring
of Prof. Wilberforce, a weight suspended to
which will, after bobbing up and down ior a
few minutes, suddenly begin to twist round
and round, and then, after a few minutes
more will return to its up-and-down motion,
and begin the whole performance over again.
According to its inventor, the transference
of energy in each case is almost complete,
and takes place only when the two piincipal
periods of vibration are as nearly equal as
possible.
In Light an unusual number of exhibits
were on view, including the binocular spectro-
scope of Dr. Marshall Watts — a most in-
genious instrument, wherein, by the employ-
ment of two exactly similar diffraction
gratings, the whole spectrum from, for
instance, a vacuum tube, can be seen at
once, both eyes being employed and the
bright lines coming out with stereoscopic
effect. Another instance of the successful
employment of two similar diffraction
gratings was shown by Mr. Julius Kheinberg,
who uses them to produce achromatic inter-
ference bands by means of a telescope, in
much the same way that the image of a
grating is formed in a microscope. Prof.
W. F. Barrett also exhibited an " Kntopti-
scope," or instrument for enabling a person
to detect obscurities and defects within his
own eye, which it is to lie hoped will not
easily get into the hands of hypochondriacs ;
and Mr. W. Kosenhain a miscroscope for
the examination of specimens of metals
and other opaojue exhibits, with what seemed
to be excellently designed improvements in
the lighting of the objects. Messrs. R. & J.
Beck's new microscope, in which any part
of the spectrum can be used for illuminating
purposes, also gave great satisfaction, an
experiment with it showing that the green
rays would resolve a certain diatom invisible
w it li the yellow. There W ere also a complete
set of photographs of the arc spectra of
different elements, taken with Lord Blyths-
wood's diffraction grating containing 14,400
lines to the inch ; some beautiful photo-
graphs in natural colours, obtained by M.
Lippmann's interferential process, and exhi-
bited by Mr. Edl»er and Mr. Senior; and
some of diatoms taken by I >r. A. Kohh r m
t be ult ni violet light.
In Sound Mr. Joseph Coold showed that
whin sympathetic or resonant vibrations
exist in tin- same Steel plate the exciting of
one system will put its fellow in action, and
the two figures produced l>y them in
dust will go through the most extraordi-
nary Variations, hut will never in
Mr. DuddeU also exhibited a most
curious machine, w hereby the different
disturbances produced by a telephone circuit
were exhibited as curves on a gTOUnd-glaSS
Screen. The four curves on the screen
showed respectively the movement of the
microphone transmitter diaphragm, the
current in the circuit at entrance and exit,
and the movement of the receiver diaphragm.
The distortion of all these curvi 3, particu-
larly of the first-named, when different
sounds weie thrown into the telephone, was
very interesting, that caused by the vowel-
sounds being particularly marked, while any
difference in the pitch was registered at
once.
In Electricity the most noteworthy exhibit
was perhaps the set of photographs shown
by Mr. Kenneth J. Tarrant of electric dis-
charges in the air and in vacuo. These
included representations of the discharge
from a continuous current with different
kinds of interrupters, and also of an oscillat-
ing current of high frequency and tension,
together with the usual positive and negative
brushes and glows. Many of them are of
high importance for the study of phenomena
still very little understood, and it is to be
hoped that they will eventually be repro-
duced in the Society's Proceedings or else-
where. Mr. L. H. Walter a'so exhibited a
magnetic detector for wireless telegraphy
and other purposes, which seemed to consist
of a small differential dynamo kept by
mechanical means in revolution between
the poles of a permanent magnet. By
means of this the arrival of the Hertzian
wave generates two cm rents : an alternat-
ing one, which is received on a telephone,
and a continuous one, which can be made
to exhibit visual signals or to record itself
on an instrument of the siphon type. Sir
Oliver Lodge and Dr. Muirhead also ex-
hibited a portable set of wireless telegraphy
instruments for use in the field. These were
a marvel of compactness, the whole being
easily carried on the saddle of one pack-mule,
and Sir Oliver Lodge has availed himself
of the principle of his " pertinacious " current
to avoid the necessity of using large and
heavy transformers. He also showed a new
" coherer," in which a needle-point is sub-
stituted for the revolving disk employed in
his usual system. A very ingenious bifilai
galvanometer on the moving-coil system,
but warranted free from the tendency to
zero creep, was exhibited by the National
Physical Laboratory, and deserves mention.
In Heat the only exhibits were Mr. Vernon
Boys's gas calorimeter, which has been for
some time before the public and is in fact
used for the official testing of London gas ;
and an exhibit by Sir James Dewar of an
improvement in vacuum-jacketed vessels for
the storage of liquid air and other gases.
These are now made of metal, with necks of
some alloy which conducts heat badly, and
are covered with silvered-glass vacuum
cylinders. The vacuum is in every case
produced by the cooling of cocoa-nut char-
coal, and their efficiency is virtually per-
manent .
In Chemistry the most interesting exhibit
was perhaps that by Dr. (!. T. Moody
proving the resistance of iron to the forma-
tion of rust, even in the presence of water.
so long as there was no admission of carbonic
acid. He showed it hpeciuien of Sui-<il>-h
iron which had been exposed to the com-
i action "I air and pure water for t)
■ iid had remained pen. ctly bright ;
and a control specimen which had been t ■
I t" 1 1.' action Of air contain
normal amount of carbonic acid for 72 hotn
with the result that it had rusted con-
siderably, in the same connexion i
I" not iii i) a COmpll ' 1 of thi
of picric acid the active constituent of
most high explosives — some of which hi
never been prepared before. This exhibit
was the work of Dr. O. Sill.in.id and .Mr.
II A. Phillips. Prof. Wyndham I1
also exhibited a Bet of ran- mini rain from
Ceylon, including specimen-, of that thoriai
which Sir William Ramsay has lately im
tigated.
Astronomy was. us might be ex
well represented by eclipse photographs and
en ingenious sen tar charts shown by
.Mr. T. E. Heath, which when looked
through red and green spectacles exhibit
the stars as appearing in tri-dimensiona!
space. It is claimed that in these che
the parallaxes which are known are alio-,
for in the apparent distances shown, while
in other ca-.es the estimated average distance
is allowed for.
In the Natural Sciences a hind leg of a
gigantic marsupial was exhibited by Dr.
Woodward, and proved one of the i
prominent featuies in the Librarv. Mr.
J. E. S. Moore and Mr. C. E. Walker 1
also continued their researches into cell-
division as shown in cancer and similar
diseases, and the results were here displayed
microscopically ; while Dr. Albert Gray was
responsible for a series of photographs illus-
trating the comparative anatomy of the
membranous labyrinth, and the ingenious
apparatus of Berlese for capturing minute
insects was shown by Mr. Cecil Warburton.
An exhibit of historical interest was contri-
buted by the Royal Microscopical Society
in the shape of the original photographs of
blood, milk, and crystals taken by Leon
Foucault in 1844. which were the first
examples of the use of electric light in photo-
graphy.
The" demonstrations in the Meeting-Koom
this time consisted of views of the Bat oka
Gorge on the Zambesi, by Mr. G. W. Lamp-
high, and a lecture by Prof. Silvanus
Thompson on the Berkeland and Eyde
process for the winning of nitrates from the
atmosphere.
SOCIETIES.
Astronomic \i.. — May 11. — Mr. Maw . President,
in the chair. — Mr. Lewis read a paper on some
points arising from a discussion of the double si
in Struve's ' Measure Miorometrioe,' a memoir
upon whioh had just boon completed, ami was
about to he published by the Society. Questions
relating to the distribution of the stars were con-
sidered, and the author concluded that the sun is
situated in a cluster, hut not centrally. Mr. Lewis
also read a paper by Messrs. Bowyer and Furaer
on the orbit and mass of 85 l'egasi. — Prof. Turner
gave an account of a paper by Miss Gibson on the
number of the stars, derived from the consideration
of the proper motion, parallax, ftc, oi 72 stars. —
The Astronomer Royal gave the results of the
Greenwich observations of the sixth and seventh
satellites of Jupiter, from photographs taken with
the .SO inch reflector, with exposal 6S of 6 minute-
to nearly .'> hours. Pistes had also been taken for
determining the positions of Jupiter, whioh showed
that the errors of the tables were very small : the
results were continued by meridian observation-.
The Astronomer Royal also showed a sen
prints from negatives of the solar eclipse
August. li»ii."). — Prof. Dyson exhibited some of the
seismographic records taken at the Royal Observa-
tory. Edinburgh, including that of the late San
Francisco earthquake, the effect of which reached
N°4099, May 19, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
613
Edinburgh in about seven minutes. — Prof. Turner
gave an account of Prof. Barnard's paper on the
magnitudes and position of Nova Geminorum, and
described a series of very fine photographs of the
Milky Way taken by Prof. Barnard at Mount
Wilson, California, in the summer of 1905. — Mr.
T. E. Heath exhibited on the screen a series of
stereoscopic star-charts, mostly north of 20J north
declination, and explained the system on which
they were constructed.
Statistical. — ■ May 15. ■ — A paper on ' The
Development of Agriculture in Denmark,' by Mr.
R. J. Thompson, was read.
Zoological. — May 1. — Dr. H. Woodward,
V.P. , in the chair. — The Secretary read a report
on the additions to the menagerie during March,
numbering 124. — Mr. Oldfield Thomas exhibited
the skin of a remarkable new duiker from Nyasa-
land, which had been presented to the British
Museum by Mr. S. W. Frank. It was (by Mr.
Frank's request) named Cephalophns walkeri, sp. n.
— The Hon. Walter Rothschild read a short paper
entitled 'Further Notes on Anthropoid Apes,' and
exhibited five mounted specimens, one skeleton,
six skulls, and a photograph of the following races :
Gorilla gorilla dark -headed race, G. gorilla red-
headed race, G. gorilla matschiei, G. gorilla cliehli,
^imia vellerosus, and & vellerosus fuliginosus. — Mr.
( )ldfield Thomas read a paper on mammals collected
in South- West Australia for Mr. W. E. Balston.
Thirty-two species and subspecies were enumerated,
including Scoteinus balstoni, sp. n., allied to^. greyi,
and Tachyglossus aculeatus ineptus, subsp. n. — A
series of papers was read on the Lepidoptera
collected in South Tibet b}' officers during the
recent expedition to that country under Col. Sir
Frank Younghusband. Mr. H. J. Elwes gave an
account of the butterflies contained in the collec-
tion, which comprised 33 species and varieties, 4
of which were described as new. The moths,
exclusive of the Tineid;e, had been worked out
by Sir George Hampson, who enumerated the 63
species of which specimens were obtained. Of
these, examples of 36 species were taken at mode-
rat e elevations in Sikhim, and belonged to the
Indian fauna, 2 being described as new ; 27 species
belonged to the PaUearctic fauna, of which 9 were
widespread and 18 Tibetan; 10 of these were
described as new. An account of the Tineida?
waa supplied by Mr. J. Hartley Durrant ; they
were referred to 4 species,' 2 of which were new.
—Mr. F. E. Beddard read a paper entitled 'Con-
tributions to the Knowledge of the Vascular and
Respiratory Systems in the Ophidia and to the
Anatomy of the Genera Boa and Corallus.'
Entomological - May 2.— Mr. F. Merrifield,
President, in the chair.— Commander J. J. Walker
showed fourteen examples of both sexes of
ffystriehopayUa talpce, Curtis, the largest British
Sea, taken in the nest of a field-mouse in a tuft
of grass at Grange, near Gosport, Hants, on
March 28th. — Mr. (J. C. Champion exhibited
living specimens of Apate capucina, Deilus fugax,
a Cryptocephalua (rugicollis), two species of
Anthaxia, &c, from Ste. Maxime, South France.
-Mr. F. B. Jennings exhibited an example of the
weevil Procas armUlatue, F., taken near Dartford,
Kent, on April 13th, recorded only once in this
country fora considerable period. — Mr. M. Jacoby
exhibited a box of beetles from New Guinea, in-
cluding Aesernia meeki, Jac, A. coatata, .lac, A.
,7'-/<w', JacandCetoniadaand Luoanidffi from South
Africa and Borneo.— Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe
exhibited a specimen of Hydrochua nitidicoUle,
.Mills., a beetle new to Britain, taken at Yelverton
in the River Meavy in April. The Rev. F. |).
Morioe exhibited lantern-slide photographs (from
nature) of the female Ccucaria postica in
Hymenoptera, belonging to divers groups, mostly
" Aouleates," but including also representativi
the Chrysids, [ohneumonids, and Bawflies. He
submitted that, in all the examples shown, the
structure of the oaloarifl themselves (and also of
the parts adjacent to them) olearly indicated that
their main function was that of an'elaborat elj eon
struoted instrument for toilet purposes.- Dr. F, A.
Dixey exhibited specimens oi Mylothris agalhina,
(Vain., and of Buenois thyta, Hopff., pointing out
that the close resemblance between these species
obtained chiefly in the dry- season form of the
latter, and not in the wet. He considered this to
be a fresh illustration of the special liability to the
attacks of enemies experienced under dry-season
conditions, leading in some cases to the adoption of
a cryptic coloration, and in others, as here, to
mimicry of a protected form such as M. agalhina.
— Prof. E. B. Poulton communicated a critical
paper on ' The Late Prof. Packard's Explanation
of the Markings of Organisms,' by Mr. H. Eltring-
ham, and cordially supported the views of the
author. — Mr. Edward Meyrick contributed a
paper 'On the Genus Imma, Walk. (=Tortrico-
morpha, Feld.).'
Meteorological. — May 16. — Mr. Richard Bent-
ley, President, in the chair. — Dr. W. N. Shaw
read a paper, which he' had prepared in conjunc-
tion with Mr. G. C. Simpson, on ' An Instrument
for testing and adjusting the Campbell - Stokes
Sunshine Recorder.' Experience has shown the
necessity of an instrument for testing the shape
and dimensions of recorders, and for verifying
their adjustment when installed. But it is not
at all easy by mere inspection, or simple measure-
ments with ordinary measuring instruments, to
check the adjustment ; nor is it possible on a
sunless day, without some special instrument, to
check the orientation, and so the time scale, of the
sunshine recorder. The authors have devised an
instrument for this purpose, which they fully
described in the paper. — Mr. R. G. K. Lempfert
read a paper on ' The Development and Progress
of the Thunder-squall of February 8th, 1906.'
This squall was first noted at Stornoway, soon
after midnight, and the last station in England to
feel its effects was Hastings, over which it passed
at about 4 p.m. The rate of progress was nearly
uniform, though it increased somewhat in the
south-east of the country, where the thunder- and
hail-storms were most intense. The average speed
of advance of the line of squall was about 38 miles
per hour. The most marked feature of this squall
was the sudden shift of the wind in the course of a
few minutes from south-west to north-west, and it
was during this period that the thunderstorm
occurred, accompanied by a rise of barometric
pressure and a fall of temperature.
Anthropological Institute. — May 8. — Mr. H.
Balfour, ex-President, in the chair. — A series of
phonograph records of native songs from the
Congo, collected by Dr. J. L. Todd, was exhibited.
The songs were all from the upper waters of the
Congo, and were of great interest as specimens
of native African music. — A paper entitled 'Notes
on the Ethnography of the Ba-mbala,' by Messrs.
E. Torday and T. A. Joyce, was read by Mr.
Joyce. The data on which the paper was based
were collected by Mr. Torday. The Ba-mbala are
a Bantu tribe inhabiting the district between the
Kwilu and t lie Inzai, tributaries of the Kasai, in
the Congo Free Stat-. The country had not pre-
viously been visited by a white man, at least for
many years. The most interesting feature con-
nected with these people is perhaps the fact thai
they are cannibals, men, women, and children all
indulging, with the exception of a particular class
known as Mini, who are distinguished by wearing
a particular kind of bracelet. Another interesting
feature is that they appear to have borrowed all
their knowledge of crafts from the neighbouring
tribes. The paper was illustrated by a collection
of specimens sent home by Mr. Torday, and also
by lantern -slides.
cation, making it Nirig (or Nereg). The Semitic
equivalent seems to have been pronounced Enu-
restfx, "the primaeval lord," or something similar,
though there is considerable doubt about two of
the Aramaic letters with which it is written, and
the reading of the whole is therefore uncertain.
After noting several of the names by which these
deities are designated in the lists, Dr. Pinches
translated a fragment of a hymn to Nergal, in
which he appears as the god of Marad. The text
itself, however, belonged to Cuthah, raising the
question whether Marad and Cuthah were not one
and the same place. Extracts were then read from
the hymn written in his praise, which is published
in the fourth volume of the 'Cuneiform Inscriptions
of Western Asia ' ; and the author closed his
remarks upon this deity with the interesting legend
from Tel-el- Amarna, in which Eres-ki-gal, after
attempting to punish Nergal with death for his
impoliteness in not standing up before her
messenger, finds herself dragged from her throne
by the infuriated deity, and only saves her life by
offering to become his wife, an offer which was
accepted on the spot. The second part of the
paper was a description of the interesting series
published by Hrozny referring to the god Nirig
(Ninip). One of the ideographs used for this deity
suggests that he was identified with Hadad, which
is confirmed by the statement that the noise of his
chariot was so great, that there was fear it would
terrify his father Bel in Nippur. This text con-
tains lines in which, seemingly, Nin-kar-nunna,
Nirig's sister, reconciles him with his spouse Nin-
Nibri. The other series referring to this deity is
interesting as containing the blessings or curses
pronounced by him on the various stones, one being
dolerite. In the paragraph referring to this there
is a distinct reference to E-ninnu, the temple at
Lagas, and to a king who had statues made of that
material, suggesting that it is Gudea who is
intended, though other kings may have used the
same stone. In another inscription, also in the
British Museum, reference is made to Nirig's
having been enthroned in the royal ohamb r,
where he sat "joyfully and widely " at the festival
instituted for him, which, with the context,
suggests parallels with the raising of Merodach to
be king of the gods, as related in the Babylonian
Creation-story. An identificati n of Nirig or Ninip
with Merodach at an exceedingly early date is
therefore not improbable.
Society or Biblical Archeology. -May 9. —
Dr. Pinches read a paper on 'The Babylonian War-
Gods and their Legends.' The author said that
the god of war in the sense of the ravager was
Nergal. the spouse of Kres-ki gal, and he is called,
in the list in which the gods are identified with
Merodach, Marduk sa qahli, "Merodach of War."
There was, however, another deity of a similar
nature, the god whose name is genera 11 v transcribed
Ninip. This dcit\ is identified with Zagaga, who,
ill the same list, is described as Marduk sa taha/.i!
"Merodach of Rattle." Ninip has generally been
regarded by Assyriologista as a provisional reading,
and Dr. Broznj therefore suggests, on account of
the Aramaic Nerigh and the Arabic Miri i h . Ill at
the true t ranscrijit ion is Ninrag. This Dr. Pinches
was inclined to accept, with, however, some fflodifj
Mathematical. — May 10. — Prof. A. R. Forsyth,
President, in the chair. — Mr. C. F. Russell was
elected a Member. — The following papers were
communicated: 'The Substitutional Theory of
Classes and Relations,' by the Hon. B. Russell, —
'The Expansion of Polynomials in Series of
Functions,' by Dr. L. N. G. Filon, — 'On the
Motion of a Swarm of Particles whose Centre of
Gravity describes an Elliptic Orbit of Small
Eccentricity round the Sun," by Dr. E. J. Routh.
— 'The Theory of Integral Equations,' by Mr. H.
Bateman, — and 'On Linear Differential Equations
of Rank Unity,' by Mr. E. Cunningham.
Aristotelian. — April 18. — Dr. Hastings Rash
dall, President, in the chair. — Prof. A. Caldeootl
was elected a Member.— Mr. F. C. S. Schiller.
Prof. Bernard Bosanquet, and Dr. Hastings Rash-
dall read papers in the symposium on 'Can Logic
abstract from the Psychological Conditions of
Thinking?' — A discussion followed.
May 7. — Dr. S. IT. Hodgson, V.P., in the chair.
—Prof. G. Dawes Hicks read a paper on 'Sense-
Presentation and Thought.' The paper attempted
to show that thought, in the psychological sense
of the term, was to be traced back to simpler and
more elementary processes of mind, but that
evolution of the higher from the lower was only
conceivable on the assumption that the earlier
stages were the same in kind as those of' the
relatively advanced and developed stages of the
mental life. Stress was laid upon the distinction
hef ween flic a-pects of process and content in all
modes of apprehension It was maintained that
while the act or process of apprehending,' was an
existing state of mind, the content apprehended
thereby was not qua content an exist inu fact,
but possessed only what the Boholastic writers
indicated Ly the term f v« inl< n/ionrth . From this
point of view, Bradley's oonoeption of the psyohii al
state as a mental image was oritioised, tin
(il I
TH E ATM KX.KTM
N 1099, Hal 19, 1906
tion i« i
oontent tpprehonded than ■> I gi >l idi i. On the
ume ground ■ ,| t.. thu authoi that the
distinction between lentienee and diaorii .itm-
_;lit • -• • « 1 1 • I not l.<- ju-tiii. il. All apprehen
« i i pn of diHcriniiiiating and o<.mparinff ; it
only in and through tln^ p ither
qualities "i anj othen were apprehended st
all. Contents ol Bense perception and content! "i
though) were, t Inn, alike in the Fundamental
i peol thai they were not existing entil
consequently there was no transition from exist-
eni e t n existence to be effected in panning from
• In- one order of contents to the other. These
premises being granted, il was argued that the
t( i "i inwardness, <>i generality, of objec-
tivity, attaching pre-eminently to oontenl ol
thought, might be psyohologioally accounted for
with.. ut oalling to our aid any BpeciaJ and unique
faculty, suoh as is assumed, for example, both by
i e and Wundt The paper was followed by a
discussion.
Hi ii i m. . May 8. Prof. Peroj Gardner in the
ohair. Mi. Ceoil Smith, Keeper ol the Depart-
ment of Greek and Human Antiquities in the
British Museum, gave the first of his promised
annual accounts ol a. quisitions in his department.
He bad arranged that acquisitions should be on
view in a separate case at the Museum tor a jrear
before their incorporation in the collections, and
this departure was to be supplemented by an
annual resume to be given at a meeting ,,i' the
Hellenic Society. The main difficulty with which
his department, in common with 'others, had
to contend, was the inadequate grant at their
disposal f< r making purchases. " Despite the
increase in the market price of antiquities,
the funds at the disposal of the authorities
were decidedly less than was the ease twenty
J isrs igo. The present account comprised the
more important acquisitions since his appoint-
ment in 1903. Among the more striking objects
-shown upon the screen were the following: (l)On a
polychrome Attic vase Mas a unique representation
of the mystic marriage of Dionysus with the wife of
the Archon Basileus. This rite was celebrated
annually in the spring at Athens, at the festival of
the Anthesteria, and was doubtless intended partly
to Bymbolize, and partly, by a sort of sympathetic
magic, to secure, the fertility of the city for the
coming year. (2) The lesser Arts of the goldsmith
ami jeweller were admirably illustrated by two fine
intaglios representing a girl dancing an Kros upon
her foot, and a female figure seated upon the prow
of a trireme. Both these works of art belonged to
an earlier period than analogous types previously
known. A cloisonne ring showed the facade of the
temple of Aphrodite at Paphos, as depicted on
coins from that site ; and this section was supple-
mented by an exquisite specimen of Greek gold
granulated toreutic work, rivalling the famous
pieces ot the Hermitage Museum from the Crimea.
(3) Among the terra-cottas, in addition to choice
.specimen- of the so-called Tanagra and Myrina
figurines, special interest Mas aroused in the 'com-
plete contents of a maiden's tomb, comprising a
seated figure of a girl with detachable arms, nude,
but probably intended to be draped with miniature
garments; the marriage vase j the Ijrij/jjorpor for
carding wool; and other feminine attributes, all
ated on a proportionate scale iii terra-cotta.
(I) Of bronzes the most remarkable were several
fine examples recently exhibited at the Burlington
Fine - Arts collection, including the Forinan
equestrian figure; an ape represented as a quail-
catcher, holding a quad basket such as is used
to-day and a lantern; a Grasco-Egyptian statu, n,
from Spam, one of a series of figurines belonging to
that Grfflco-Celt-Iberian art ol which the finest
development is seen in the much-discussed Elche
head in the Louvre; and the magnificent relief
from Paramythia from the Hawkins oolleotion, to
the purchase of which Mrs. Hawkins had
generously contributed, besides presenting works
of an anah.gr, us character. (.',) Architecturally the
most conspicuous addition to the collections were
the columns from the -Treasury of At reus" at
Mycenae, large portions of which had been recently
presented by the Marquis of Sligo. With these
and with the help of east, of the hitherto known
fragments in London. Athens, and Karlsruhe, a
complete restoration of these remarkable oolumns
and their capitals in their original form has now
I Men erected in the Archaic Room ot the Museum.
In \ n n ut the nature ol Mr. Ceoil 8m
paper no • ! followed, the Society,
through the Chairman, expressing it appn ■ iation
"i the i munioation made to them, and of the
debt all students of ancient art owed to the de|
mint he represented.
Mi .
Nil.
HEKTIKOB R I I I \\ I I K
I
Irl ii ry In 1. 1 ition to the \;.|
I tun il Mi o « I
ttujral Inrtltutlu tlu n Pnxlui '.
Pi,. i H Stirling
Anilii.,|».|...i. ,1 -i 'The (..in,., a, iaua Mr. T. 0.
British \. uli mr, I 'The Celtic Inw rliitl I I
Ii ,lv. I',.. i Khjn . 'Thi ItitfhU ol V uti -1- u illo I
-.,,,. II. rcnl : i:.n. ii. I Frj
— Him-li Nuniismal
II. i, m II , the President.
— Geological. H on n„ |iii)...ii in, . ,.» 1 1 ,1,,, ..-.l.i as ■ I
nism, with , i »■ -■ > i j .t i> n ..I the Halimada
no* ol the Ne« ll.l.ii.i I , li,|.i,,.,n:,ii,|
DoiigUu Masrson; Note* on tl nospira. Loubo-
iml Turritoina, with Descriptions ,,t New Biiecies,'
Mi--. i Donald
— s...i.ij ,.f Vi i- - Th. i. .M.i.l s, ,,,,,], ,,f Electridtj f..i
Power ,n.l othei r . Shoolbred.
Tin ns. Linnean, 3, Presidential Addn
— I
— Society of Art*. 4.M. 'Tl,. Pal kfaja P. Mnlr»
p/oi tli Sykes.
— Royal Institution, 5.— 'Han and the Qiadal Period I.
Proi H i -
— institution "f Electrical Engineers. 8.— Annual Mi- Hug.
I'm. Physical, •"> 'Colour Phenomena in Photometry, Mi J. 8,
Dow; ' Exhibition of an Automatic Arc Isunp, Mr. II Tom-
linson and Rev. G. T. Johnston: 'The Theory ..f Moving
OoU and other Kinds of Ballistic Galvanometer*,' Prof. II A.
Wilson; Exhibition of :i Iiihlai Galvanometer free from
Zero Creep,' Mr. A I unpbell.
— Ron] Institution, 9.—' Compressed Air and its Plivi-inlugk-al
Effects,' Mr. I.. Mill.
Sit. Royal Institution, ::.— "Tin- oM and tin- New Chemistry,'
Lecture II., Prof. Sir J. Dewar.
Stitntt (gossip.
It is with profound regret that geologists
have received from Lausanne the melancholy
news that Prof. Eugene Renevier, the Presi-
dent of the Swiss Geological Society, has
been killed by an accident in a lift-shait.
The event is all the sadder from the fact that
it occurred within a few days of the date on
which the jubilee of his professional entry on
a geological career was to have been cele-
brated. Born at Lausanne on March 26th,
1831, he was appointed to the Chair of Geology
in the University of his native town in 1857,
and had held the position ever since. During
a great part of his life, however, he had also
been actively engaged on the work of the
Geological Survey of Switzerland, of which
he became the chief. Prrf. Reneviei's
writings related mostly to local geology and
palaeontology, but he also wrote on the
general principles of stratigraphies! classi-
fication, and was responsible for a scheme
of geological chronography.
An unfortunate accident has also brought
to a sudden c'ose the life of another geologist
— Mr. Charles Eugene De Ranee, who for
many years was an officer of the Geological
Survey of England and Wales. Early hi life
he established a reputation by his, work on
the Gault — a formation with which he had
been familiar from childhood in the cliffs
of Folkestone. Much of his Survey work
was afterwards carried on, however, among
the red rocks and the drifts of Lancashire.
On retirement from official life, some years
ago, he settled at Blackpool, and devoted
much attention to the subject of water-
supply. Mi. De Ranee was the author
of a work entitled ' The Water Supplv of
England and Wales' (1882), and acted
for many years as secretary of a Commit tee
of the British Association on the Circulation
of Underground Waters.
We are glad to hear that Madame Curie
lias been appointed to succeed her Late
husband in the chair of " Physique genomic"'
at the Faculte dea Sciences, Paris. She is a
fully qualified docteur <■.>• sciences, and will,
no doubt, maintain the dignity of the post
specially created for M. Curie. It is inter-
esting to note that the Council of the Faculte
des Sciences has satisfied itself with invest-
ing Madame Curie with the position of
" cha Ii, perhajm,
title oi " Pi is only it question <>f
time or .1 . :
I'm. i . u \i f Man,'
the library edition of which wa
•.'•v. being published
by M rlightly abi idged a
much simplified, in two sixpenny part-.
Bach | • iata of nearly two bund
es, with over two hundred illusti
It would be difficult to surpass this for cheap-
Tin: present absence of moonlight be
favourable f< r searching after faint obji
it may lie of interest to mention that, accord-
ing to Dr. Zwiers's ephemeris, Holmi
periodica] comet is now situated in the <
part of the constellation I md will ei
Aries at the end of the month. It will
about three due north of (1 Ari
on the 7th prow But the morning twilight
begins early, and it is more likely that
comet will not become visible until approach-
ing opposition to the sun in the autumn.
It was last seen in January, 1900, but was
very faint at that appearance.
Da. W. Luther, Director of the Dii--
dorf Observatory, communicates to No. 4088
of the Astronomische Nachrichten the results
of a series of observations of twenty
small planets, including Peraga, No. 5
which \\a< discovered by Herr Gotz at I
Konigstuhl Observatory, Heidelberg, on
January 8th, 1905. This planet v
seen by Mr. Frederickson at the Naval
Observatory, Washington, on the 23rd ult.
FINE ARTS
MUNICH EXHIBITION AT THE
GRAFTON GALLERY.
This exhibition does not impress us with
the superiority of artistic effort in Munich
over our own admitted mediocrity. Lenbaelv
whose death we recorded just two years ago,
is represented by a number of works ; but
by none that offers full justification for the-
reputation he enjoyed, as did a certain
serious and draughtsmanlike portrait of
Frederick III. shown some years back at
the New Gallery. A thin and ineffective
sensationalism is the main characteristic of
his present pictures, of which The Painter
with his Daughter Gabriele is a typical
example. The head of the newer school
is the notorious rather than famous Fi .
von Stuck, and his weapon is again sensa-
tionalism, but of a coarser order. It must
be admitted, however, that after a fashion
he accomplishes his purpose, and that '/'■
Fight for the Woman has in it some power
(whatever that power may be worth) of
appealing to the sheer brutality that i->
latent in most of us. Hoffmann von Vesten-
hof's Minotaur has the same character in a
more humorous vein, and shows more clearly
even than l'rof. von St ink's work that
where these Munich painters surpass our
own is but in the wider fields of enter]
opened to them by their audacity. On
the other hand, while we admit that to
the jaded palate such liberty may have its
attraction, this collection suggests that the
Germans still foster some of the v.
colourists.
A few pictures deserve to be exempted
from the general censure ; in particular,.
Herr Walther Georgi's Midday Hour.
rich decorative feeling in its heavy leaves
brooding over the motionless waters of the
fountain being only slightly marred by tin
flippancy of the sculptured figures behind.
Karl Haider's Charon recalls Mr. Cayley
N°4099, May 19, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
615
Robinson's attempts at mystic generaliza-
tion, and Adolf Heller's cleanly executed
anterior similar efforts at our own New
English Art Club ; while Walther Geffcken's
The Meeting, with rather more capacity for
elaboration and less feeling for style, re-
^sembles the work of that clever amateur
Mr. H. T. Jarman, whose sketches in almost
"transparent oil paint are for the moment the
most interesting feature of the meetings of
the Langham Sketching Club. In a word,
what is good here is not better than, or
•different in kind from, what we are already
doing in this country, with no inordinate
Tesult in the way of critical applause. Fiitz
von Uhde's religious pictures have a rather
sentimental sincerity which has to carry off
* great deal of mediocre painting.
MASTERPIECES BY FRENCH
PAINTERS OF THE EIGHTEENTH
CENTURY.
This show at Messrs. Duveen's, on behalf of
•the Artists' General Benevolent Fund, is by
no mearjsmadeup exclusively of masterpieces,
as suggested by its too glorious title, and this
is the more evident by comparison with the
splendid china vases through whose presence
•we pass to the picture galleries, in expectation
•of something even statelier and more delicate
within. This is too much to ask from such
.a collection, the interest of which is mainly
historical, and in which only a few works
could be appraised highly, from an artistic
point of view, without gross injustice to
living painters. Fragonard's Le Billet-Doux
is a fine sketch that would have borne a
little more attentive finish. The manner
in which the painter has seen in a natural
■effect of light and shade the suggestion foi a
well-balanced design in alternated solid and
"transparent colour is admirable, and indi-
cates the debt that all the best paintings of
this period owed to Rubens. Nothing could
be better than the manner in which the sweep-
ing masses of transparent shade are flung on
to the canvas in such constructive fashion,
the impasto lights painted into them in forms
well planned as a whole, but needing, par-
ticularly in the skirt, a few final blending
touches to break the harshness of the
transition between lights so creamy and
shadow so bituminous, which nevertheless
we are to accept as representing the same
-stuff — a violence that time would seem to
have exaggerated by darkening the trans-
parent parts of the work to an unusual extent.
None of the other pictures is carried off with
Fragonard's lightness of hand, which we think
of as belonging to all eighteenth-century
French work, but which is in reality rare.
Pater, however, is represented by an un-
usually good picture, Le Reve de V Artiste,
winch has more imaginative power than we
expect from him ; and one of the Watteaus,
a nearly life-size head and shoulders of a girl,
is good in a slight and rather accidental
fashion.
The other pictures reflect tamely, and
perhaps truly, the tamest and least vital
characteristics of the time.
THE ROYAL ACADEMY.
(Third Notice.)
The two shows we have just noticed pre-
judice us in favour of the despised Academy.
Here, at least, we find no signs of universal
and innate; incapacity for colour, sued as
Oppresses us in the case of the Munich
painters J while there is no lack of canvases
well above the average of the " masterpieces"
at Messrs. Duveen's. Indeed, that a collec-
tion displaying so much varied ability as
this at Burlington House should prove ?o
abortive argues a terrible lack of intelligent
direction of such effort, or of that instinctive
rightness of aim that in artistic matters has
generally taken its place. It is useless to
bewail the decay of that instinct : we are
too self-conscious, exposed to too many
influences plucking us this way and that,
to return to the old days when a painter
followed the only master he knew, and ex-
pended his originality in making some slight
variation for the better on a style of proved
utility. We may as well reap the advantage
of our self -consciousness, and, even at the
cost of some collective thinking, arrive at
some conclusions as to what qualities are
good and what bad in painting, so as to
escape at least the anarchy of running after
novelty for its own sake. Our suggestion
that the answer to this question depends
necessarily on the aim and functions of the
picture, on the service it is to do for the
public, is one evidently not accepted at the
Academy, whose duty clearly should be to
contribute to the direction and enlighten-
ment of the distracted painter. It is fair,
however, to examine what would seem to be
the Academic view of the matter, if we
would establish our contention that the
artistic ability in the country is by no means
the negligible quantity that admirers of
the older art would make it out to be — that
it is only its direction that is unenlightened.
Now to any one who examines the
Academic standpoint as displayed in its
exhibitions, that position is tolerably
clear : that the use of a picture is
to figure in such an exhibition as this
of the Royal Academy— that the function
of painting is the literal imitation of the
face of nature. The former contention
demands a deal of effort for a pitifully small
result in human betterment ; the latter
demand, compliance with which seems to
constitute, in Academic eyes, sanity in art,
deserves serious consideration, ill as it seems
to work out in practice ; for, after all, it is
probable that a very large proportion of the
best painters in the past coird have given
no verbal statement of their aims more
elaborate than this unpretentious recipe.
In practice, moreover, such honest natural-
ism has its virtues, even in the hands of a
modern Academician, and it is this that in
the work of Mr. H. W. B. Davis, in spite of
garish sins of colour (witness the excruciating
blues in the foreground of No. 279, Ben Ecu/.
Ross-shire), gives to his animals the dignity
of a scholarly and independent observation
very different from the facile plausibility of
such a painter as Mr. Arnesby Brown, who
is by comparison a collector of current infor-
mation on the subject of cattle.
Yet on the whole the naturalistic recipe,
which in the hands of the old masters yielded
splendid works of art, breeds with us but
perfunctory imitation, and we submit thai
while this results in part from shortcomings
in the painter, it is in part due to a change in
the character of the life offered for his obser-
vation, to which the naturalistic outlook
is less applicable than of old. In the first
place, it is to be remembered that literal
imitation is only fruitful to the artist in
proportion as he feels the eloquence and
significance of matter, imitative painters of
to-day being not so much absorbed in a
delightful pursuit a; steeled to a task whose
accomplishment excites our wonder. Nor
is this failure oi interest, lamentable as it is,
without souh' shadow of excuse. It used
to be regarded as a universal law that
nothing could happen in nature without
leaving traces of its happening on a uni-
versally sensitive mutter, which thus became
a kind of instantaneous symbol of t he endless
past — history summed up in a concrete form.
This is the justification of the imitative
painter ; but human ingenuity has in these
later days been devoted to stifling this
natural eloquence which is his inspiration,
to silencing the tell-tale appearances that
would divulge how the present grew from
the past, or even the present relations of
man with man. With features void of
expression, with hands innocent of gesture,
we walk, in clothes that studiously give no
hint of our identity, along artificially
flattened roads, flanked by houses of studied
uniformity. What is this but a deliberate
attempt to deprive matter of its expressive-
ness, of its function as the clay that thought
shall mould, to reduce it to the condition of
a mask behind which life shall retire as though
ashamed ? What is there in this cowardly
shrinking from self-expression to tempt an
artist to literal painting, with its affectionate
and elaborate dwelling on every detail,
because every detail is eloquent of its place
in the larger scheme ? Rather it is the
moment for the analytical painter who has
an eye that sees through shams, and puts
his finger on the core of shabby reality.
Forain is the type of this sort of artistry, but
it can hardly lead to a studied or beautiful
art. It is executioner's work, to be done as
quickly as possible, and as incisively.
Yet little as there seems in much of modern
life to tempt to elaborate representation,
Mr. J. H. F. Bacon reveals himself this year
as the man born for the attempt : he will go
down to posterity along with the Hon. John
Collier as among the few painters who
sum up the virtues and ideals of our
middle class as perfectly as did Boucher
and Van Loo the ^characteristics of their
period. See his Lady Gelder (180), J. G.
Wainivright (254), Sir John Pound (375),
and A Fairy Tale (520). Mr. Bacon paints
his sitters as they would wish to be painted ;
but this acceptance of their standpoint implies
a certain blindness to larger issues, an in-
capacity for any but timid comparisons that
does not make for fine results. As repro-
ductions of the facts, his pictures are rather
wonderful; but we have not here the marriage
of finely observed fact with finely designed
paint that constitutes a masterpiece, and
the Academic passion for detailed realiza-
tion would have a very discouraging effect
on the technical quality of Academy picture?,
but for one circumstance — considerations of
space necessitate the hanging of a large pro-
portion of the pictures very high on the walls.
In this ordeal is an admirable training for
the young artist, for distance is very severe
on solecisms of paint, on any breach of the
unwritten law that forbids any over-model-
ling by variety of texture of paint within
the main entities of the subject. The licence
that occasionally permits even so great an
artist as Rembrandt to drive the transparent
dark of an eye-socket light through the head
to the background may be tolerable at close
quarters, if the tone and colour be natural-
ist ically true. At a distance- the eye demands
a closer parallelism between the structure
of paint and the structure of fact, and asks
that the- shadow shall partake, be it ever SO
slightly, of the quality of firmness of paint
thai differentiates the land from the back-
ground. These observations— to be taken,
obviously, in the spirit rather than in the
letter — may serve to suggest the close rela-
tion between the very texture of the paint
and the broad structure of a picture that is
so necessary to work of a decorative cha-
racter, and we find that, by lone expectation
of being skied, a number of young painters
bave attained to some habitual observanoe
<>f this relation. Mr. George Lambert's
T/Otty (Did a Lady (100). and Mr. Sholto
Douglas's life-size portrait of a motor-car.
i ; 1 1 :
T II E ATM EN Ml] M
N U)99, M\v 19, 1906
(77" faTon. Mr. mill W\ DougUu Carnegie,
with their Sons, John and David, 326) are
good examples by men who have perhaps
sacrificed some delioacj of delineation in the
searoh for a painterlike conception ol natural
Btruoture. Technicallj thej arc almost
equipped for serious deooration, and, instead
of spending t heir efforts <>n subjects unsuited
to such a scale (though thej Bin in company
with Manet), they should surely be en
oouraged t<» attempts at invention, at oon
struotive imagination, even at romance.
It is tn the tact that he has to some extent
made this attempt to find Bubject as well as
technique adaptable to decorative purposes
that Mr. Brangwyn owes his importance.
Obviously his picture ciiiiii.it compare in
painterlike skill with Mr. Lambert's. He
sacrifices so enormously the structure <>f
facts to the structure of paint thai it is very
difficult to make out his Venetian Funeral,
(532) to realize that the figures are in boats
gliding along a canal. We are not prepared
to admit that any paraphernalia of acces-
sories could blind a spectator to so paramount
a factor in the actual scene, still less to admit
thai the painter should allow them thus to
blind us.
At the opposite pole from Mr. Brangwyn
and Mr. Lambert are a baud of young painters
who have been freely represented in the
Academy for somo years past, and who
simplify their painting to a mere mosaic
in pursuit, we can hardly say of natural
structure, hut of the fuller rendering of detail.
Mr. Keith Henderson's clever portrait of
Dr. Campbell Brown (572) brings painfully
home to one the insignificance of modern
respectable costume, and the school do well
in avoiding this unprofitable imitation ;
they do not so well when, as almost all of
them have done, they turn instead to the
more attractive, but to them as insignifi-
cant representation of a pseudo-mediaeval
costume stencilled over with elaborate
pattern and draped on a lay figure.
A lot of sailors unloading freight on
a sunny wharf is a more reasonable
theme (more taxing, also, for the easy is
rarely the glorious) for painters concerned
in the rendering of detail. Then no costume,
no accessory, but would be moulded by the
part it played in the work in hand ; and such
intimate harmony is one of the truest inspira-
tions of the painter. Except in our great
ports and in low life, where desperate necessity
forces the vital facts of life to the surface,
England presents to-day little of this self-
explanatory subject-matter, and it is not by
accident that some of our truest and most
frankly realistic painters, such as Mr. Charles
in The Home of the Contadina (240) and Mr.
Smythe (who does not exhibit at this year's
Academy), have found their best subjects
oad. Realistic painting, to be satis-
factory, should have in it something of affec-
tionate admiration, and we do not deny that
t he Englishman is capable of provoking such
;: feeling ; hut hardly when he has retired
from wink to a smug and unimaginative
repose. The true place to observe him is
more and more in the outlying portions of a
greal empire, of which England is but the
counting-house — a counting-house lending
it- >lf little to pictorial celebration.
ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS IN THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.
The magnificent display of illuminated
manuscripts in the Granville Library at the
British Museum has always been a centre of
attraction to students of mediaeval art; but
it has been reserved to Sir E. M. Thompson
and Dr. Warner to give it its due value by
the classification and rearrangement of
which the result is now before the public.
The number ol manuscripts shown has I
much increased 1 17 (including the i:: ol
t In- Lot hachild collection ) . the 111
mentioned in the preceding Catalo
What i ol more importance is that 7.")
of these ure new to si-itors, showing that
more than half of the old exhibition has been
discarded in favour of more suitable examples.
The collection is now arranged in schools
(the Byzantine, English, French, flemish,
German, and Italian being represented),
and has become a fully illustrated object-
lesson in the development of the art of illu-
mination in Europe. Students have Inn.'
been familiarized by reproductions with
many of the examples here shown, hut the
opportunity of seeing the originals side by
side, and tracing the growth of a school,
is exceptional. The impression on the eye,
the grasp of the essential element of a style,
can only thus he obtained.
The chief feature of interest in Case 1 is
the number of Winchester books shown,
among them the magnificent miniature of
the Crucifixion and the initial B opposite
of the yKthelwold Psalter (tenth century).
These have often been reproduced, notably
in Sir E. M. Thompson's ' English Illuminated
Manuscripts ' and by Dr. Warner. The
eleventh-century Psalter is also well known
to students, but two other MSS. less familiar
illustrate the outline drawing of the time.
Cases 2 and 3 continue the English School,
emphasizing the delicate work and figure
initials of the thirteenth century, culminating
in the East Anglian School of the early four-
teenth century, and the revival at the end of
that century. All but two of the examples
in Case 3 are shown for the first time, and
altogether the Exhibition fully vindicates
the supremacy of English art at two great
periods. Cases 4 and 5, containing MSS.
of the French School, are hardly inferior
in interest. It is difficult to speak with
any restraint of the qualities of the work to
be seen here. Specially beautiful examples
are the Paris Lectionary, Bible, and Bible
History of the thirteenth century ; the Paris
Missal, Coronation Order, and Apocalypse
of the fourteenth ; and the exquisite Hours
(Nos. 62 and 67) of the fifteenth. No. 64 is
said to be an early work of Jean Fouquet,
and the MSS. 62-7 are very important
as marking the point where illumination
proper becomes pictorial. Ca&e 6 shows
the growth of the Flemish School, with the
further development of the pictorial side
of the art, e,nd with it the unpleasant Flemish
border, no longer in harmony with the page
it frames. Case 7, with 26 examples of the
Italian School, has no fewer than 17 fresh
to the visitor — many of them marvels
of invention, richness, and grace. The 13
selected Rotlischild MSS. supplement the
other collections in several directions.
The new Guide to the Manuscripts is much
fuller than its predecessor, and is illustrated
by On excellent plates ; but we would
express a hope that the authorities will
confer on students the immense boon
of a fully illustrated catalogue, with fac-
similes of every illumination shown, instead
of the eight at present given. The time
and thought spent on the arrangement of
this exhibition would attain their highest
possible usefulness in a permanent record
available for consultation in any part of the
world.
NOTES FROM ROME.
I havk to chronicle a discovery made in
the Forum many years ago, which has re-
mained unknown to students and visitors
unt il the present day. A workman, sweeping
the pavement of the Forum (or whatever
remnant the pr<
left in situ t'i t.ll tic- i. il.-,. found a lini
grooves, aboul on.- inch deep, which •
been hidden from view by a coating of dust
and mud hardened by the shuffling of f<
and which on cl<
to he letters '.iH centimetres high. I
inscription, aboul 40 feel long, runs ;
pendicularly to the line of the Sacra
between the Marble Plutei
the Column of Phooas, and was originally
composed of bronze letters, of which only
the sockets are left. It i-. ..r it was, t!
fore, the most conspicuous among the ma
inscriptions of the Forum. Its importai
however, is not in acconhu.ee with its con-
BpicuOUSneSS, as it contains hut one nan.'
I. XAKVIVS C . F . [ami:ui]mnvs.
Archaeologists and epigraphists find in tl
few letters a difficult problem to unravel.
How is it that the name of a p. belong-
ing to the first century after Christ is i
graved On a pavement dating from the t;
of Diocletian '.' and how could a patrician
like Lucius Naevius make use of the vul
cognomen " amerimnus " ? To answer t;
questions we must refer to another r< collet -
tion of the Narvian family, discovered on the
same spot 453 years ago, in the excavati
made by Pope Julius III. near the Column of
Phocas ; I mean, to the bas-relief represent-
ing Mettius Curtius leaping into the swamp,
which is now exhibited in the Palazzo dei
Conservatory This bas-relief, which certain
critics have endeavoured to denounce as
" a work either of the later Middle Ages [the
Middle Ases knowing about Curtius !] or
of the early Renaissance [the stone was found
only in 1553 !]," is sculptured on the back
of a marble panel, on the front of which we
read the name of
I. . NAEVIVS . L . F . SVED1XVS
— a personage well known as having held
the office of " Praitor Peregrinus " under
Augustus, and the Consulship in the year
30 a.d. The Naevii, therefore, must be
connected (in a manner which we are not
able to specify) with the revival, in the
Augustan era, of the Lacus Curtius, the re-
mains of which are to be seen within a few-
feet of the newly found inscription.
As regards the question of a first-century
inscription being engraved on a pavement
which dates from the time of Maxentiu-
Diocletian, I can only recall the parallel
case of the Pantheon, which shows the
original inscription of Agrippa set up in the
pronaos dating from the time of Hadrian.
On Tuesday, April 24th, the City Anti-
quarium, enlarged and replenished with new
and interesting works of art, was opened to
students and visitors. It contains, among
many other treasures, the mosaic picture of a
hunt with life-size figures of men and be;,
discovered not long ago within the area of
the Licinian Gardens, near the church of
Santa Bibiana. The set tion of this great
picture exhibited in the Antiquarium repre-
sents about three-fifths of the original com-
position : the other two-fifths are still lying
underground, and cannot be taken up unless
the two railway lines which run over this
part of the Horti Liciniani are removed.
The Santa Bibiana mosaic comes third in
point of si/.e among those exhibited in Roman
museums, measuring only 70 by 30 ft
while the " sfo&aico Antoniniano," discovered
by Count Yelo in 1824 in the Baths of Cara-
calla, and now exhibited in the large hall of
the Lateran Museum, covers a space almost
double. The same may be said about tin-
mosaic floor found in the Thermae of Otricoli
at the time of Pius VI., and now placed in
the Rotunda at the Vatican. That at the
Antiquarium. however, is the most interest-
ing of the three, if we consider the details
of the scene, which represents the gathering
NM099, May 19, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
017
•of wild beasts from various parts of the
world, to secure the materia 'prima for the
venationes of the amphitheatre, and to
increase the stock which was constantly
kept in readiness in the Vivarium. The
mosaic shows the various devices used to
•entrap the beasts : we can see the gazelles
forced to run into a corral sui rounded by
nets ; wild boars harassed by mastiffs ; and
bears tempted to enter the cages (concealed
by shrubs) by the exhibition of a huge piece
of raw meat, while the venator, crouched on
i;he top of the cage, is ready to lower the
trap door.
Antiquaries hail with satisfaction the dis-
coveries of " military diplomas " on account
of the chronological and topographical
novelties which they usually contain. A
Roman soldier was entitled to a regular
discharge, after twenty years of service in
the infantry, or ten in the cavalry. Augus-
tus in B.C. 13 restricted the period to sixteen
years for the legionaries, and to twelve for
the Praetorians, at the end of which terms
they were to receive a bounty in money
and a diploma of honesla missio, which con-
ferred on them the right of citizenship and
other privileges specified in the decree.
These official documents (concerning not
single individuals, but whole squadrons or
companies) were engraved on bronze tablets
and posted in various parts of the Capitol ium,
such as the JEdes Fidei, the Ara Gentis
Juliae, the pedestal of the statue of Q.
Marcius Rea, the pedestal of the statue of
Jupiter Africus, the ^Edes Thensarum, the
;' Trophies of Germanicus," the right or the
left wall of the " vestibule " (aditas), the
back wall of the Temple of Jupiter, and so
forth. And when the worthy veterans
•started on their long journey towards their
native lands (generally Pannonia, the Danu-
bian Provinces, and Upper or Lower Ger-
many) they carried with them a legalized
copy of the diploma, which always ended
with the following declaration, attested by
witnesses : " This is the exact copy from
the original decree, which is affixed to -"such-
and-such part] of the Capitolium." The
last diploma discovered somewhere on the
banks of the Rhine contains a new and
interesting indication In Capitolio ad casam
Romuli ! which confirms the fact that there
were two such huts in Rome : one, the best
known, at the top of the Scalae Caci on
the Palatine ; another within the precincts
of the Capitol, near the Curia Calabra. Both
were shaped like the shepherd-huts of the
Campagna, with their frame of boughs,
thatched roofs, and sides riminc texti. Their
type was never forgotten, so that in the
inscriptions of Lellia Marnia in Africa a
tomb in the shape of a hut is called domns
Itomulo. See ' Corpus Inscr. Lat.,' vol. viii.
p. 1123.
.\ pedestal of a votive statue of small size,
discovered in the Transtevere near the
junction of the Viale del Re with the Piazza
tai, bears the following dedication :
' Theogenea, wife of C. Rutilius, offers this
image to the Bona Dea, in accomplishment
of a vow." This find of no special value
if considered by itself - - becomes inter-
• ting if we refer it to the shrine of the same
goddess discovered in the same neighbourhood
in the year 1744. The shrine is described by
Bottari as a " tabernacolino " sheltering an
altar, and a spring or well, with three inscrip-
tions stating that it had been erected by
order of Marcus Yet tins I'.olanus, the ownei
of the estate (Insula Bolani), under the care
of his agent ( 'Indus. BolanuS is a person
Well known to British students as one of the
earliest governors of Brit t annia, and as a
consul suffectus under Nero. It seems that
the Bona Dea's protection was invoked
mostly by people suffering from Ophthalmia |
for another inscription, discovered in 1801,
near the above-mentioned Insula Bolani,
mentions the recovery of eyesight by a
devotee, after having been derelictus a
medicis, through the intercession of the
merciful goddess.
A remarkable historical and topographical
monument has just been discovered in the
vicinity of the Ccliseum, viz., an altar set
up at the crossing of two thoroughfares, one
of which was named Vicus Statae Matris.
The altar is beautifully ornamented with
wreaths and branches of laurel, and contains
the names of the four street-magistrates who
had borne the expense of its erection in the
year 2 B.C. under the Consulship of Caninius
Gallus and Fufius Geminus. All these
indications are new to us. We did not
know that a street of the city bore the name
of the Stata Mater (the deity who was
invoked to stay the progress of fires), nor
that the personages above mentioned had
obtained the honour of the fasces in the
second half of that year. The name of
Fufius Geminus — the author of the famous
law Fufia Caninia, by which the manu-
mission of slaves was subjected to stricter
rules — had been sought in vain in the Fasti
Consulares. In the Codex of Justinian the
law is ca'leel by mistake Furia Caninia, and
the mistake naturally increased the diffi-
culties of the problem. Students of Roman
institutions will be glad, therefore, to know
that the chronology of the Lex Fufia Caninia
is now established, and that it preceded by
five years the promulgation of the Lex
^Elia Sentia, which rendered it even more
difficult for slaves to obtain their freedom.
British and continental papers have an-
nounced that, in consequence of certain
excavations made around, or under, the base
of the Column of Trajan, " an urn has
been discovered containing the emperor's
remains." Some enterprising weeklies have
gone so far as to publish illustrations of
the precise spot on which the urn was dug
irp, warning their readers that " some little
time " would elapse before " pictures of the
actual discovery would be available." I am
afraid that the " little time " will lengthen
into a respectable number of years, since
frhe announcement of the discovery was but
a poisson d: ' Avril. Rodolfo Lanciani.
THE GRIMTHORPE AND OTHER SALES.
Messrs. CirnrsTrK's sale last Satirrday comprised
a collection of ancient and modern pictures
belonging to Lord Grimthorpe, who, as Mr.
Ernest Beckett, sold some of his choice examples
by artists of the Early English School at Christie's
in May, 1903. The ">-l lots just dispersed, which
realized 16,220/. 17a., were of a mixed nature, a
f<-\\" being first-rate, and others of rather worse
quality than is usually found at the average sale
of old masters. Xvry little information (in many
oases none) was furnished regarding the collec-
tions in which some of the pictures had figured :
and an old picture without some sort of pedigree
is usually open to suspicion, apart from its merit
as a work of art.
Taken in the order of sale, the collection con-
tained the following pictures. Modern French
School: E. Manet, A Lady, In brown dress, with
lace how at her neck, 245gs. ('. Monet, La Phare
de L'Hospioe, I95gs. A. Sisley, View on the Seine,
with bridge, tug, and barges, 1876, I60gs. English
School : Hoppncr, Mrs. Home, in yellow dress
with crimson sash, black lace shawl over her
shoulders, three-quarter -length figure, 2,300gs.
Early French School: L, Boilly, A Young Girl,
seated at a window, her young brother looking
through a telescope, in grisaille, I60gs. ; Separation
Douloureuse and Entrevue Cbnsolante (a pair, with
the engravings), 280gs. Italian School: Sandro
Botticelli, The Virgin, in red robe and green
mantle, kneeling in adoral ion lie lore the recumbent
figure of the Infant Saviour, at whose side the
infant St. John is standing, holding an inscribed
ribbon and cross, on panel, 5,000gs. Ghirlandajo,
Portrait of a Gentleman, in black cloak with fur
cuffs and black cap, on panel, from the Cantini
collection, Florence, loOgs. Dutch, Flemish, and
German Schools : H. Holbein, Portrait of a
Cardinal, in crimson dress and cap, with gold
chain and jewelled pendant, reading a book, on
panel, l,250gs. (from the date of 1523 at the top of
the portrait this would seem to be of Holbein's first
Basle period, 1514-26) ; Nicolas d'Aubermont, in
dark dress trimmed with fur, and Jeanne de Gavre,
in velvet robe trimmed with fur, with white coif
(a pair), 3,000gs. F. Mieris, The Declaration, a
young woman in scarlet velvet jacket bordered
with ermine, seated, holding a glass of wine, near
her an elderly gentleman with his hand on his
breast, on panel, 880gs. (described in the ' Supple-
ment' to Smith's 'Catalogue Raisonne,' No. 31,
1842, when it was in the collection of M. van Loon,
of Amsterdam ; nothing apparently is known of its
history since that period). Sir A. More, Portrait
of a Lady, in black dress with crimson sleeves, a
dog by her side, 250gs. J. D. Patinir, The
Crucifixion, with the Virgin, Mary Magdalene, and
St. John in the centre panel, a donor and saints on
the wings, 1 80gs. P. Pourbus, Portrait of a Divine,
in black dress lined with fur, black cap, lOOgs. J.
van Ravenstein, a pair of portraits on panel (dated
1632) of a gentleman in black dress and white ruff,
holding his gloves in his right hand, and of a lady
in rich dress with white ruff, cap, and cuffs. 350gs.
The second portion of the day's sale was made up
from various sources. The most important picture
was a strong portrait, ascribed to Titian and said
to represent Lorenzo de' Medici, in dark cloak
trimmed with fur and red cap, on canvas. It
fetched the very high figure of 2,100gs. It was
apparently at one time owned by Bouchier Cleeve,
of Foot's Cray Place, whose collection was in-
herited by his son-in-law, Sir George Yonge, and
was dispersed in London in March, 1806 ; but we
have failed to find anything corresponding to it iir
the catalogue of that sale ; it may therefore have
belonged to a subsequent owner of St. Mary
Cray. This picture was sold at Christie's in
1876 for 91gs. as "from Foofs Cray Place."
It was generally agreed whilst it was on view
that it was not the work of Titian, and chrono-
logy is against that artist having painted a portrait
of Lorenzo the Magnificent as so young a man.
Titian executed portraits of several members
of the Medici family, notably Alessandro de'
Medici at Hampton Court, and Giovanni de' Medici
in the Uffizi Gallery ; but there seems to be no
record of his having painted the great Lorenzo at
any period. The portrait may possibly represent
Lorenzo II. (1492-1519) ; but that is a point which
remains to be proved — or disproved.
There were also two portraits by unknown
artists of the Early English School: A Young Girl,
in white dress with red sash, holding a dog in her
arms, 145gs. ; and A Lady, in white and gold dress,
seated, resting her head upon her right hand. 88gs.
S. Ruysdael, Woody Landscape, with peasant and
animals at a pool, I60gs. G. Vincent, The Fish
Auction at Yarmouth, 320gs. Lely, Lady Marie
Maitland, afterwards Marchioness of Twceddale.
as St. Catherine, in white dress, with a lamb,
Llogs. A. Solario, Herodias with the Head of St.
John the Baptist. 100gs. J. D. do Heem, Dishes
of Fruit and Still Life on a Table, signed and dated
1663, lOOgs. Rubens, Philopcemen, the Acheean
General, chopping Wood for the Cook-maid at an
Inn, with fowls. &c, by F. Snyders, engraved bv
N. Varin, and desoribed in Smith's ' Catalogue,'
No. 750, I30gs. 1'. de Koningk, A View, looking
over a wide expanse of level country towards the
sea. buildings in the middle distance, fixer and
figures in the left foreground, '3 togs. .1. Ruysdael,
The Outskirts of a Wood, with a horseman and a
keeper, group of buildings among trees to the
right. tSOgs.
Although the price paid (6807.) on Monday last
at Messrs. Sotheby's for the tine set in colours ol
tin- Cues of London, after F. Wheatley, was not
unprecedented, it is one which at all events
illustrates the danger of prophesying in such
matters. In his little hook on 'Old London Cries."
published in 1886, the Late Mr. A. W. Tuer
remarked that the Bel "will now readily fetch
20'.," and, "if coloured, 30/. would not be , on
sidered too high a figure, though live and twmh
ago they might easily have been pioked up
618
T II E A TH KNMUM
X 1009, Mw 1!>, 1906
i i u iii.iii\ -hillin. On Dnoember 12th, 1892,
i i! ighl 21«W. : in 1890 another reached
BlOgi ; in Hhhi tin. price roee t" 8 0 and a
later I.OOOga. were paid) thia being, we
believe, the higbeal yet obtained. Tin' nun oi
201/, paid "M M"iiil.i\ l.ii, alio .it \|.
Botheby'a, foi the brilliant proof before any L I
Mt MacArdoira rendering oi Hudson's portrait "i
M.iin. I'u. h i Anoaster, though high, wa
than half the amount realised bj the late Edwin
Truroan'a much finer example «itli lull margin on
April 26th, wh< n 1501. was paid, Truman, a very
alirewd oolleotor, gave T-. <i</. for it originally !
worthy pnoea for engraving! win- also
obtained at Messrs. Christie's mi Tuesday, when a
firs! ~t.ii.' i.t Mrs. Musters, by .1. Walker after
Romney, fetched i:>n/., and Elizabeth, Connteaa "i
Mexborongh, by W. Waul after Romney, printed
in oolours, brought 104/. The following were also
included in the sale. After Fragonard : Le
Easards Heureux de l'Esoarpolette, by De Launay,
• I Attn- Reynolds: Mrs. Braddyll, by 8.
( '•msins, iiu/. : Mi^s ( Ireenaway, by .1. Watson, ~>V. ;
Mi-- Franoes Kerable, in white dress, by -I. Jones,
75/.; Lady Elizabeth Herbert and Sun. by J. Dean,
'" : Lady Catherine Pelham Clinton, by J. R.
Smith, 84/.; The Countess of Carlisle, by -I.
w i -..n. :;.v. : Lady Betty Delme and Children, by
V. Green, 542.; Lady Bampfylde, by T. Watson,
631. : Mrs. Carnao, by J. R. Smith, 25/.; Lady
Caroline Montagu, by the same, 52/.; A Bacohante
(l..i'l\ Hamilton), by the Bame, 33/.; Mis. Hardinge,
by 'I'. Watson, 'MU. After Greuze: Le Baiser
Envoye, by ('. Turner, is:?/. By A. de St. Aubin,
An moins soyez disoret, ami Comptez but mes
Serments (a pair), (>o/. After LaVreince : Qu'en
tlit I'Abbe? by X. de Launay, 31/. After J. F.
Rusca : General Buonaparte, by C. Hodges, 67/.
After Drouais : Madame du Barry, by T. Watson,
77'. Alter Romney: A Mother and Child (Mis.
( larwardino), by J. R. Smith, 47'. After Lawrence :
The Countess of Blessington, by S. Cousins, 36/.
After Hoppner: The Daughters of Sir Thomas
Frankland, by W. Ward. 63/. After Huet
Villi, rs : Mrs." Q., by W. Blake, 46/. After
Morland: Guinea-Pigs, and Dancing Dogs, by T.
Gaugain (a pair), 52/.; The Public-house Door, by
W. Ward, 48/.
High prices lor works by artists of the modern
French and other continental schools c ntinue to be
the order of the day in New York. During the
present season the following works have realized at
auction 10,000 dollars and upwards: A. Mauve,
Return of the Flock, 42,500 dols. ; The Loggers,
28,100 d"]s. Josef Israels, Madonna of the
Cottage, 1<),5IK) dols. J. C. Cazin, La Route,
13,100 dols. E. van Marcke, Returning from
the Market, 13,100 dols.; Cattle on the Plains,
10,011(1 dols. A. Schreyer, Bulgarian Smugglers,
13,000 dols. C. Corot, The Horseman, Ville
d' Avray, 10,500 dols. The highest price paid for
an old master was for Rembrandt's Petronclla
Buys, 20,600 dols.
Jfint-JVrt Gossip.
At tin- Bail lie Ga'lery yesterday there was
a private view of paintings by Mr. J. D.
Fergus-son and Mr. Arthur Stud'd, and metal
and Oliver work by Messrs. Dikkers & Co., of
Holland.
Messrs. H. Graves & Co. held a private
view yesterday of drawings in colour of ladies
represent ing 'Parisian Life' by M. Jules
Cay ion.
A SERIES of water-colour drawings of
London's River and Byways,' and also a
number of other drawings by Miss Agnes
Turner, are on view at Messrs. Dickinson's
Galleries until Juno 1st inclusive.
Xi.vt Wednesday an exhibition of the
works of contemporary German artists in
London will ho opened to tho press at
Prince's Galleries, Knightsbridge.
At the Turner House, Penai tli, till the end
of June there is a loan exhibition of water-
colour drawings by Mr. Albeit Goodwin, and
smaller works of sculpturo by Mr. W.
Goscombe John, A.K.A.
Mi: .!. I'.. I'm mis-, hi ■ -■ undertaken to
write i'"' B. Grant Richards ■ little bonk on
tlie work of <:. I'. Watts, in connexion
with the preparation ol handh the
Watte Exhibitions, la I year Mr. Phythiao
devoted much time to the study of the
painter's work. Became to the conclusion
that the didactic pictures and the port]
have received too exclusive attention; and
his honk, which will I..- inoio hilly illustrated
than any previously issued on the subject,
is an attempt tn give due notice to every
side >.f Wal ts'S \\ ■ 'i I..
Mu. ( '. I'. Sisi.ky is establishing an agencj
for artists and illu-trators similar tn t!
which arrange terms, Ac., for author-.
I England we have our Stock Exchange
art circle and exhibitions ; in Paris the
lawyers of the Palais de Justice have bucci
fully inaugurated their Palais-Salon, of
which the first exhibit i< m was opened on
.Monday last by M. Dujardin-Beaumetz,
the Under-Secreatry of State for tin- Fine
Art^, in the rooms of the ( ercle de la Libra irie,
117, Boulevard Saint Germain. Members
of all the various branches of the legal pro-
fession represented at the Palais de Justice
are eligible — magistrates, barristers," avoues,
greffiers, huissiers, &c."
The death, in his seventy-second year,
is announced from Diisseldorf of the dis-
tinguished historical painter Prof. Albert
Baur.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
Royal Opera. — Der Vagabund und die
Prinzessin. Der Barbier von Bagdad.
The Second ' Ring ' Cycle. Bigoletto.
Two of the novelties announced at the
beginning of the season were produced
on Friday in last week at Covent Garden —
an operetta and an opera. The first was
' Der Vagabund und die Prinzessin,' the
libretto of which was adapted by A. F.
Seligmann from a well-known Hans Ander-
sen fairy tale. The composer is E.
Poldini, chiefly known as the writer of
pianoforte music. The work is wisely
confined to one act, for the slight story
would not bear treatment on a larger
scale. There was a strange and striking
contrast between the tragic ' Gotter-
dammerung,' produced on Wednesday,
and the smaller work, a contrast scarcely
favourable to the latter. The music is
simple, melodious, and in places very
taking ; moreover, it is effectively scored.
There are, however, few or no marks of
originality. It was well performed, and
conducted, at the special request of Dr.
Richter, by Mr. Percy Pitt, and with all
due effect. On a smaller stage this grace-
ful operetta — as we venture to call it —
might prove acceptable ; and as an
English version of the text has been made
by Messrs. A. Kalisch and Percy Pitt, it
will probably attract the notice of the
Carl Rosa or Moody-Manners Company.
The opera was 'Der Barbier von Bagdad,'
by Peter Cornelius, which was first heard
in London in 1891, when it was twice per-
formed at the Savoy Theatre by the
students of the Royal College of Music,
under the direction of Sir Charles Villiers
Stanford. The work is one of special
interest, hut to appreciate the clevei m
it is necessary to beat in mind the pei
at which it wai written. Cornelius, who
had -tu. bed .,! Berlin under Dehn,
I'. ..■ h enthusiast, went to Weimar, and fell
under the influence of Liszt and the V
German school ; and il I hat he
una acquainted with W.
and with In I • ■ and ' Lohen-
grin.' An opera written in such circum-
stances would naturally hear marks both
of pasl training and of new impr.
and in mosl cases would achieve, if any
only a temporal L
thought highly of Cornelius, and |
duced In- ' Barbel ' at Weimar in 1 -
but it actually met with opposition, I
Liszt, resenting public opinion, went
away in anger from Weimar, where he had
laboured for many year-. The mu>ie was
too advanced for tin- public then, hut
now, when Wagner's works are well
known and highly appreciated, this op'
would seem, like others composed in that
early transitional period, to be of little
more than historical interest : an opinion
which the general neglect of it would
naturally tend to strengthen. Great credit
is due to Sir Charles Stanford for his en-
deavour to excite interest in it ; but the
work was for the most part coldly
received by the press, while public-
opinion could not be gauged by two
semi-private performances. There are
signs of immaturity in the ' Barber/
and signs of fluctuation between the old
and the new style — the composer v.
only thiry-four years old when his op>
was produced ; but there are also sufficient
signs of strength, of originality, and of
dramatic instinct, to secure for it ready
acceptance, even at the present day : it
deserves, indeed, to become part of the
regular opera repertory.
The overture is very bright. In the
first act may be noted the light clever duet
in canon between Bostana and Xureddin :
the shaving scene, which, if somewhat
prolonged, is very humorous as regards
the music; and very amusing is the cadenza
sung by the chattering Abul Hassan, who.
forgetting his work, leaves Xureddin half-
shaved. It is an amusing skit on Italian
opera, which, however, like some of the
satire in the Gilbert and Sullivan operas.
has now lost part of its pungency.
During the second strong act intereei
never flags. In the " .Muezzin " music
there is realism with restraint : the love
duet (Margiana and Xureddin) is most
delightful ; while the splendid finale show -
that in the technique of his art Cornelius
was already a master : but in addition to
skill are to be found imagination and
dramatic power.
The version of the opera used was the
revision by Levi of one prepared by
Felix Mottl. Without hearing the work
in its original form as it was performed
at the Cornelius festival at Weimar in
1904, one cannot express an opinion with
regard to the modifications and additions
made by Mottl to the original scoring.
As heard last week it is clever and effective,
though it sounded at times somewhat
too Wagnerish. The performance, under
N°4099, May 19, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
619
the direction of Dr. Richter, was excellent.
The principal parts were taken by Herr
Jorn (Nureddin), Herr Kniipfer (the
Barber), Fraulein Burchardt (Margiana),
and Fraulein Grimm (Bostana).
The second cycle of the ' Ring ' began
last Saturday. Herr van Rooy appeared
as Wotan, and owing to his commanding
presence, strong voice, and powerful
■declamation, offered a grand impersona-
tion of Wotan, both in the god's majestic
moments, as in ' Rheingold,' and in those
of despair, as in ' Die Walkure ' on the
following Monday ; the god's long
monologue in the latter, unless de-
livered, as on this occasion, with all rhe-
torical skill, easily becomes monotonous.
Fraulein Ternina was the Briinnhilde in
"* Die Walkure, ' and her impersonation
-was marked by the dignity, tenderness,
and inspired acting which have justly
"won for her so great a name. She sang
well, but her voice, though very expressive
in soft passages, seemed to have lost some-
thing of its power. She will, however,
be heard again, and perhaps, vocally,
-with more strength, in the extra perform-
ance of ' Die Walkure ' to be given next
Tuesday.
' Rigoletto ' was performed last Tuesday,
and Signor Caruso, who appeared as the
Duke, was received with special favour.
He was in magnificent voice, but excite-
ment may perhaps account for moments
in which art was not entirely concealed.
Mile. Donalda sang the Gilda music skil-
fully, if not with special brilliancy. Signor
ficotti, thougli suffering from hoarseness,
was good as Rigoletto. Signor Campanini
conducted.
jHusical dossip.
The Joachim series of concerts was
■brought to a highly successful close last
Saturday at Queen's Hall. In Brahms's
Sextet in B flat and in Schubert's delightful
Octet the life and earnestness which have
been such marked features of Dr. Joachim's
playing tluoughout the series were again
made manifest. On the 10th inst. he gave
a sonata recital with Mr. Leonard Borwick,
.and on the 14th a trio recital, with the
assistance of Miss Fanny Davies and Prof.
Hansmann, both pianists realizing to the full
the interest and importance of the occasion.
The Joachim Quartet, assisted by other
artists, will give a series of six concerts
during November and December : four at
Bechstein Hall, and two at Queen's Hall.
The programmes will be devoted to the
chamber music of Brahms. The dates are
November 21st, 23rd, 26th, and 28th, and
December 3rd and 5th, the first and last
•taking place at Queen's Hall.
M. Rkynaldo Hahn gave an interesting
concert at Bechstein Hall on Wednesday
afternoon, the programme being devoted to
bis compositions. His songs are very clever
and refined ; and in his music he has
admirably caught the atmosphere of the
-various poems, particularly those of Verlaino.
The autumn scries of Promenade Concerts
at Queen's Hall, under the eonductorship
of Mr. Henry J. Wood, will begin on
August 18th and continue for ten weeks.
Dk. <\mii,i,k Kaint-Saknk, now in liis
^seventy-first year, is giving a concert to-day
at the Salle Erard, Paris, for the benefit of
the sufferers at Courrieres and in Italy. He
will perform Beethoven's e flat Concerto
and several of his own compositions ; MM.
Francis Plante and Leon Delafosse will play
the composer-pianist's ' Caprice Heroi'que '
for two pianofortes ; while his ' Andro-
maque ' Overture will be given by the Con-
servatoire orchestra, under the direction of
M. Marty. Madame Auguez de Montalant
will sing ' La Cloche ' and other songs by
Dr. Saint-Saens.
A Mass in t> minor by Herr Friedrich Klose
was performed at Munich on the 7th inst.
The work was planned in 1886, after the
death of Liszt, of whom the composer, then
twenty-four years of age, was an ardent
admirer. On this Mass he was more or less
engaged for nine years ; it was produced at
Carlsruhe in 1895. The revival of the work
is of interest, for the composer's symphony
' Das Leben em Traum ' and his opera
' Ilsebill ' have recently attracted consider-
able attention.
The tomb at Pere Lachaise of Stephen
Heller, whose ' Etudes,' written half a century
ago, are still fresh and in constant use, has
fallen into decay. A committee, however,
has been formed in Paris to see to its restora-
tion.
The death is announced of the American
composer Prof. John Knowles Paine. He
was born at Portland, Maine, in 1839, and
studied at Berlin for three years. In 1876
he became first Professor of Music at
Harvard University. His compositions in-
clude two symphonies, choral works, and
pieces for organ and pianoforte. He also
wrote the ' Centennial Hymn ' for the Phila-
delphia Exhibition of 1876, which, says
Mr. Louis C. Elson, in his ' History of Ame-
rican Music,' was decidedly more of a success
than Wagner's ' Centennial March,' also
composed for the opening ceremonies.
Patriotic feeling, however, would very
naturally account for this preference, what-
ever the respective merits of the two com-
positions.
We notice also the death in her seventy-
second year of Madame Lemmens-Sherring-
ton, who in the fifties and sixties was in
London the principal English soprano both
in sacred and secular music. In 1860 she
appeared on the English stage, and in 1866
on the Italian. She was the Marguerite
when Gounod's ' Faust ' was produced in
English (Chorley's version) at Her Majesty's,
January 23rd, 1864, Sims Reeves and Mr.
Santley being also in the cast. As Miss
Fanny Sherrington, the vocalist studied at
the Brussels Conservatoire, and in 1857
married the distinguished Belgian organist
M. Lemmens, who was professor of his
instrument at that institution.
Le Mcnestrrl of the 13th inst. states that,
in moving Max Klinger's statue of Beethoven
from the museum at Leipsio to a building
specially prepared for it, an unfortunate
accident occurred, a portion of the pedestal
ornamented with figures in bas-relief having
been damaged.
The first May number of Die Muaik states
that, for reasons of health, Herr Felix Wein-
gartner has withdrawn his three years'
contract to conduct the Symphony Orchestra
nt New York.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Buy. Sunday Bociaty Concert) '' JO, Queen? Hall.
— Bandar League Concert, 7. Queen'i Hall.
Mo*. Mlai Vivien Chartret * Violin Recital :', Queen'i llnll.
— Mr. Stirling Hackinler ■ Bong Recital, :<, Bo hatch] Hall.
— Mi«k IrencBchaiTer'i Pianoforte Recital, 3, fiolian Mull.
— Hisi M. Gougn and Mr V Gauge's Vocal Recital, 8.1 ft. Queen 'a
11.11
— Siicnnr Bimoni Mi. Violin Recital, " IS, £olian Hull
— Madame Oecile Ljndon'a Vocal Recital, 8.30, Bechitein Hall.
— Royal Opera, I on nl Oarden.
Tuns. Madame Saenger-Sethe's Orchestral Concert. 3, Bechstein Hall.
— Charity Concert, 'Dream of Gerontius,' 8.:J0, Queens Hall.
— Royal Opera, C'ovent Garden.
Wed. Herr Buhlic's Pianoforte Recital, 3, .Solian Hall.
— Handel Society, 3.15, Queens Hall.
— Master Joko Szigetis Violin Recital. 3.15, Bechstein Hall.
— Madame Edith Hands and Mr. Waite's Recital, 8.15, Bechstein
Hall.
— Royal Opera, Covent Garden.
Tucns. Grieg's Chamber Concert, 3, Queen's Hall.
— Miss H. Sasse's Concert, 8.13, Steimvav Hall.
— M. Maurel's Vocal Recital, 8.45, Bechstein Hall.
— Royal Opera, C'ovent Garden.
Fin. Vienna Male Choral Society, 8.15, Queen's Hall.
— Mr. Joseph Holbrooke's Chamber Concert, 8..'<o. Broadwood's.
— Miss Matilde Verne's Schumann Evening, 8.30, Steinway Hall.
— Royal Opera. Covent Garden.
Sat. M. Pachmann's Pianoforte Recital, 3, Bechstein Hall.
— Hen- Kreisler's Violin Recital, 3.30, Queen's Hall.
— Royal Opera, C'ovent Garden.
DRAMA
THE WEEK.
Comedy. — Raffles : a Four-Act Play. By
E. W. Hornung and Eugene Presbrey.
To a curious social change may, among
other causes, be attributed the recent
popularity of the cracksman. Whatever
romance belonged in earlier days to crime
attached itself to the highwayman ; and
the gentleman of the road, possibly a
disbanded trooper, whose career fluctuated
between a midnight gallop on the heath
and a matutinal ascent of the gallows,
might boast, according to Shakspeare,
royal patronage. The days are now over
of Claude Duval, Macheath, and Paul
Clifford. Considered as a substitute for
these, the burglar is a coarse, unchivalrous,
and prosaic criminal, who stands in need
of a large amount of idealization. An
ingenious way of supplying this is to intro-
duce an element of sport, and represent
the criminal as an amateur. This has been
done with remarkable success by Mr.
Hornung, who in a series of sketches has de-
picted a fascinating and cultivated athlete
who not only, like Love, laughs at lock-
smiths, but also derides detectives. At
the Garrick Theatre, Philadelphia, a play
in four acts by Mr. Eugene Presbrey,
entitled ' Raffles,' after the name of the
hero, was produced on September 21st;
1903, and proved a great success for Mr.
Kyrle Bellew. Transferred on Saturday
last to the Comedy, this piece, with Mr.
Gerald Du Maurier as Raffles, obtained a
triumph denied to recent experiments at
the same house. It opens in the best
vein of melodrama with the theft of a
valuable necklace, though not by the
amateur cracksman ; and the scenes in
which the hero confronts the real thief,
whom he has collared, and the detective,
whose suspicions he has incurred, are
ingeniously conceived and excellently
acted. More difficulty is encountered in
the sentimental scenes of the middle
action, in which the hero's gifts as a lady-
killer exercise their wonted influence, and
are shown to be accompanied by more
rarely accorded gifts of loyalty and self-
immolation. In the warmth of his love-
making and the coolness he displayed
in the presence of danger Mr. l>u Maurier
is equally admirable, and to him the
popularity of the whole is mainly due. A
detective is well played by Mr. Dion
Boucicault. Two rather conventional
female parts are agreeably presented by
Miss .Jessie Bateman and Mis-. Sarah
Brooke.
620
THE ATHENiEUM
X ••»«.!<:», Mav 1!», 1906
BaVOY. The Shulnmiti : u Pfajl in Thftt
Ada. By Claude AbKOTI and Kduaid
K 1 1. .1 .l.ni. Ii.
Wholly unlike her firrt experiment in
management is that Miss Lena Aahwel]
nc i at the Savoy. Though anequaJ
in workmanship and overcrowded with
detail. ' The Sliulainite,' an adaptation
which is executed, with the assistance
(if Mr. Edward Knoblauch, by Mr. Claude
Askew of his own and his wife's novel, is
a powerful piece, and supplies the actress
with a part suited to her abilities. Its
scene is laid in South Africa, upon a farm
belonging to Simeon Krillct, a wealthy
and passably brutal old Boer married to
Deborah, a young and attractive girl,
whom he threatens with the same punish-
ment he is in the habit of awarding Kaffirs.
Deborah's beauty and her sufreriicjs
conquer the sympathy and affection of
Robert Waring, an English overseer who
has fled to the veldt from a drunken wife.
His avowals of affection he is indiscreet
enough to confide to a volume which
falls into the hands of the husband, whom
it louses to murderous intention, the more
so since Deborah acknowledges that his
avowed passion is shared by her. The
result is that Waring, assaulted by the
husband, takes his life in self-defence.
It is given out that the Boer has been
killed in one of the terrible thunderstorms
to which the country is subject. A
peaceable termination to such a story is
inconceivable. In anger at a temporary
and enforced departure of her lover.
Deborah tells her husband's sister, Tante
Anna, the real circumstances of the old
Boer's death, and binds herself by an
oath to hold no further communication
with her lover. This vow, in spite of his
solicitations and appeals, she observes,
and in the end she is left alone with the
vindictive woman who holdsTpossession
of her terrible secret. The opening portion
of the play is vigorous and adroitly
managed melodrama. What better ter-
mination could be provided is not very
easily seen. The present is at least in-
effective.
Miss Ashwell plays the wife in her best
style ; Miss Elsie Chester gives a vivid
representation of Tante Anna ; Mr. Nor-
man McKinnel supplies a vigorous repre-
sentation of the Boer ; and Mr. Ainley
displays much fervour as the English
overseer.
Dramatic (Sosstp.
With a production of Ibsen's ' Rosmers-
hohn ' the not very prosperous seventh
season of German plays ended on Saturday
night at the Great Queen Street Theatre.
lien- Andresen, who with Hen.' Klein and
h'r.inlein (lademann took the principal share
in the performance, promised a return in the
autumn.
'I'm: run of ' Nero ' at His Majesty's will
finish on the 26th, and the evening of the
29th will witness the tirst production of ' Col.
Newcome.'
Ai.T.-OF-A-SUDDKN Pkooy ' is played at
tli- Duke of York's for the last time this
evening, and on Tuesday 'The Lion and
tin- M ■ . 1 1 ■■<■.' i I..U1 H'-t piece by Mr. Ch&i
Klein, will be given by ■ mixed English and
American company.
Mit. M \ktin II\k\i:y's four .\ •
at t he Imperial I 11114 with tin
production of ■ Boy I Vi San <>n.'
ESably in June Madame June Bading will
begin a three weeks' seu^i .1' the Coronet.
'A Tight Corner,' a li^ht comedy in
three nets, by Mr. Herbert Swears, has been
produced by Mr. and Mrs. Kendal a1 the
Theatre Royal, Portsmouth.
The illness of deonora Duse is sufficiently
serious to render probable the cancelling of
all hei engagements.
Hit. ESdwabd Terry has accepted from
Mr. Julian Rochefort, with a view to produc-
tion in the country, a farcical comedy
entitled ' The Good Old Firm.'
On Monday Mr. Lewis Waller transferred
from the Imperial to the Lyric ' Brigadier
Gerard,' with an unchanged cast.
' Mmsr.MMKR Fires ' is the title bestowed
upon an English rendering, by Mr. and Mrs.
J. T. Grein, of Sudermann's well-known play
' Jobannisfeuer,' which is the latest pro-
duction of the Stage Society. Miss Suzanne
Sheldon played Marikke ; Mr. Leslie Faber,
George ; Miss May Martyn, Gertrude ;
and Mrs-. Calhaem, Marikke's gipsy mother.
The action in English proves thin and diffuse.
The death, at the early age of twenty-
nine, is announced from Hamburg of the
talented dramatist Fritz Stavenhagen,
whose recent appointment as " Dramaturg "
to the Hamburg Schillertheater had just
marked a turning-point in a life of struggle
and privation. His plays ' Jiirgen Piepers '
and 'Der ruge Hoff' were very successful; his
last, ' Der deutsche Michel,' the performance
of which be did not live to see, is con-
sidered a great advance on his earlier works.
To Correspondents.— J. G.— W. B.— H. II. J.— Received.
W. J.— Later.
E. F.— Many thanks.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
We cannot undertake to reply to inquiries concerning the
appearance of reviews of books.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
— ♦ —
Paoi
Authors' Agents 594
Autotype Company 594
Ba(;ster & Sons 022
Bell & sons 624
Blackwood & Sons 622
Cambridge University Press G8E
Catalogues 594
Constable & Co 596
Duckworth & Co 621
Educationai r>9:!
Exhibitions 593
GOBER & Son 596
Harper A Brothers r.97
Hurst A Blackett 59s
LONGMANS it CO 623
Macmii.i.aN .t Co 598
Magazines, Ac 595
Miscellaneous 593
Murray 623
Newspaper AGENTS 594
Notes and Queries 628
NUTT 623
Oxford University Press 598
Sales nv auction sm
Situations Vacant
situations Wanted 508
smith, Elder a Co ism
Societies 593
Stock 622
Surgical aid society 622
Type- writers 594
Williams & NORGATX 620
WILLIAMS & NORGATE.
♦
FTOJ READY, CHEAP EDITION ENTIRELY I'.'
THE COMMUNION OF THE
CHRISTIAN WITH GOD.
v. UK UK MANN.
Dr. TheoL, Prole* ur of Dojnnatic Theology in
I'niMt-iiT of M.iri-
Translated from the New thoi ,nd uiu< h
Cged Edition, with Kp< . by the tulhor,
by .1. HANDYH HTANYON M.A., and Ri
-1 i.w \i:i 1; 9a B.D.
turn liKAin, no pp., 4*.
JESUS.
By W. BOUSSET,
PMtam "f I neology at the Cniver-ity of (iottiogen.
Tranalated byJANBl PENROSE iithVhl.YW
H'ST READY', demy 8vo, cloth, 10*. 6d.
ST. PAUL:
The Man and 1 is Work.
By Prof. H. YYKINKK. of Jena.
Translated by Ber. G. A. KliM-MANN. and
Edited by Bev. W. D. MORRISON, LL.D.
Demy 8vo, cloth, 10*. 6d.
THE RELIGIONS OF
AUTHORITY AND THE
RELIGION OF THE SPIRIT.
By the late AUGUSTE S ABATIER,
Professor of the University of Paris, Dean of the Protestant
Theological Paeklty.
With a Memoir of the Author by I BAN RE VII.LK, and a
Note by Madame SABATIF.lt.
Demy 8vo, eloth, 10a Orf. per volume.
THE BEGINNINGS OF
CHRISTIANITY'. By PAUL WF.RNLE, Professor
Extraordinary of Modern Church History ll the Uni-
versity of BaseL Revised by the AUTHOR, and
Translated by the Rev. (i. A. Ill F.N F.MANN, MA. :
and Edited, with an Introduction, hy the Rev. W. D.
MORRISON. LL.D.
Vol I. THE RISK 01 THE RELIGION.
Yol. II. THE DEYKL0PMRNT OF TUF. CHURCH.
Demv b\o, cloth, 10*. 6rf.
CHRISTIAN LIFE IN THE
PRIMITIVF. CHURCH. By ERNST YON DOB-
SCHUTZ, D.D., Professor of New Testament Theology
in the University of Strassburg. Translated by Rev. G.
BRKMNER. and Edited hv the Rev. ' W. I».
MORRISON, LL.D,
A POPULAR REISSUE.
NOW READY, large CTOWB BID, 500 pp., 7*. 6d.
FIRST PRINCIPLES. By Herbert
SPENCER.
WORKS BY HERBERT SPENCER.
A SYSTEM OF SYNTHETIC PHILOSOPHY
PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY. 2 vols. Revised a £
and Enlarged 36 0
PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY. 8 Tola
PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY. Vol. I. 21 0
Ditto Vol. II. is 0
Ditto ?ol III. U o
PRINCIPLES OF ETHIC3. Vol I IS 0
Ditto Vol. II 12 f>
JUSTICE. (Separately) 6 0
OTllEli WORKS.
THE STUDY OF SOCIOLOGY 10 6
EDUCATION. Library Edition 6 0
Ditto Cheap Edition
ESSAYS. 8 Tola 80c or each toL 10 0
FACTS AND COMMENTS
VARIOUS FRAGMENTS. Enlarged Edition
SOCIAL STATICS and MAN v. STATE .. 10 8
MAN v. STATE. (Separately) 1 0
AGAINST THE METRIC SYSTEM. Third
Edition, with Additions 0 3
DESCRIPTIVE SOCIOLOGY Compiled and
Or. SCHEPPIG, and
Abstracted by Dr. DUN< IN,
Mi. COLLIER. Folio, hoards.
1. ENGLISH, is-. 2. ANCIENT AMERICAN RA( I 8,
16*. :;. LOWEST RACES, NEGRITTO, POLYNESIANS,
18*. I. AFRICAN RACES, 16*. 5. ASIATIC RACES
6. AMERICAN RACKS. 18a 7. HEBREWS AND
PHOENICIANS, 21». B. FRENCH, 80s.
A Litt »/ Works, eonlninimi full bitt o/ Contimtt,
po$t free upon a pplication.
WILLIAMS & NOROATE,
14, Henrietta Street, Co vent Garden, London, W.C.
N°4099, May 19, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
621
DUCKWORTH^ CO.'S NEW^UBLICATIONS.
BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE VISITS OF ELIZABETH/
BEYOND THE ROCKS, a love story.
By ELINOR GLYN. Crown 8vo, 65.
[Just out.
NEW NOVEL FOR THE SUMMER SEA80N.
A MOTOR CAR DIVORCE.
By L. CLOSSER HALE.
30 Illustrations, 10 in Colour, by WALTER HALE. Crown 8vo, 6s.
A large Edition of this very original Automobile Story has been prepared, and it is likely to prove one of the most successful and
popular of Novels for Summer reading.
A NOVEL OF THE DAY.
."THE SUCCESS OF MR. TEMPLE THURSTON'S NOYEL IS ASSURED."
TRAFFIC. The Story of a Faithful Woman.
By E. TEMPLE THURSTON. Etched Frontispiece. 452 pp. 6s.
No recent novel has called forth such conflicting criticism. On one hand great appreciation and sincere approval, on the other severe strictures for what is deemed unnecessary
realism. All, however, single it out as a novel of very great interest.
KING PETER. By Dion Clayton Calthrop.
Crown 8vo, with Frontispiece, 352 pp. 6s.
NEW VOLUME IN THE LIBRARY
IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT.
OF ART.-THE "RED 8ERIE8."
-JUST OUT, 48 Illustrations, 7s. 6d. net.
THE SCOTTISH SCHOOL OF PAINTING.
By WILLIAM D. McKAY, R.S.A., Librarian to the Royal Scottish Academy.
After giving an account of the precursors of the Scottish School of Painting, 1588 to 1798, the author treats of the art of Raeburn and Wilkie, the founders of the Scottish School as
such, at considerable length, and traces their influence through their followers. Wilkie's contemporaries are considered separately ; and the rise and development of Northern Land-
scape. The young men of the forties are dealt with later on ; and the last part of the book is devoted to a survey of later developments.
FULL PROSPECTUS SENT TO ANY ADDRESS.
THE MUSEUMS AND RUINS OF ROME.
By WALTER AMELUNG and H. HOLTZINGER. Map, Plans, and 270 Illustrations. Edited by Mrs. ARTHUR STRONG. 2 vols. 10*. net,
" Has long been wanted. There has been nothing quite like ' A me lung and Hnltzinger,' and not only visitors, but students should be grateful."
"These little books are without their match." — Academg.
BY H. BELLOC, M.P.
ESTO PERPETUA: Algerian Studies and Impressions.
BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE PATH TO ROME.'
Illustrated by 45 Drawings and Coloured Frontispiece by the Author. 5«. net.
" Highly picturesque and suggestive. There are many amusing things, and queer, gravely told stories, in the style of 'The Path to Rome.' Full of a certain fine quality. It is a
prose poem. Eloquent and lucid." — Daily News.
"Unconventional and romantic. Impressive and significant." — Standard.
ENGLISH WATER-COLOUR PAINTERS.
FINBERO. 50 Illustrations, cloth, 2.?. net ; leather, 2.?. Grf. net
A popular guide to public collections in
RAMBLES IN NORMANDY. By Francis Miltoun,
Author of 'Cathedrals of Northern France.' With very many Illustrations from
Drawings n ml Sketches by BLANCHE McMANUS. 9 Maps, square crown 8vo,
6*. net.
RAMBLES IN
BRITTANY. By Francis Miltoun.
Illustrated by BLANCHE McMANTS. Uniform with ' Normandy.' fo.net
By A. J.
Based chiefly on examples easily accessible.
London.
Fo
other* in this Series—" THE POPULAR LIBRARY OF ART,"
see List below.
THE DAWN IN BRITAIN.
By CHARLES M. DOUGHTY, Author of ' Travels in Arabia Deserta.' 2 vols, crown 8vo, 4*. %d. net each.
Early Review in the TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT : — "This strong, strange poem fulfils aspirations.... Heroic duels, closely modelled on Homeric fights ; bits of pagan
mythology, like Woden's visit to the abode of Hel ; Brennns's passage of the Alps : the Song of Sigor, a beautiful version of the myth of Crispin and Agygia, which we should have
liked to (mote in full, as a proof of Mr. Doughty's handling of an idyllic theme... We hope, however, that enough has been quoted to show that this is no ordinary poem, such as
minor bards, endowed with fl cultivated taste and a select and recondite vocabulary, could write. It is work of an altogether higher order. It may be that its subject and manner
will narrow the circle of its admirers in an age which is quick to protest that it has no leisure for epics ; but the fit and few will give thanks for a poet
"There is no history like it, except In the best Of LTV Y. In poetry it reminds us of the KNKII). Tf we may hazard a somewhat sacrilegious guess, only MILTON'S Arthurian
poem could have equalled this. Of its great movement we can give no idea. MALORY'S largeness and unconsciousness. DRAYTON'S loving and ambitious patriotism. It has a
pre- Kapha elite strangeness and truth for which we can find no parallel except in the best of MO It ({ IS. Variety, dignity, and perfect harmony. A noble English epic."— Daily Chronicle.
POPULAR LIBRARY OF ART.— Cloth, 2s. net; leather, 2s. U. net.
LEONARDO. By Dr. GRONAU. i4 Illustrations.
BOTTICELLI. I'.y.Ituv CaRTWRIBHT (Mrs. Ady). 10 Illustrations.
RAPHAEL. By .Mi. iv Cartwrioht (Mrs. Ady). 60 Illustrations.
VELAZQUEZ. By AUGUSTS BK8AL. 62 Illustrations.
REMBRANDT. ByAUQUSTE BREAL, 62 Illustrations.
DURER. ByLlKA BCKENBTEIN. 87 Illustrations.
ROSSETTI. l'.y I'okd Mamox Hi El i i;u. 62 Illustrations.
WATTS. By O- k. Chesterton, 36 Illustrations.
FRED WALKER. By c. Buck. 32 Illustrations and Photogravure,
GAINSBOROUGH. By A. & CHAMBERLAIN. 66 Illustrations.
FRENCH IMPRESSIONISTS. ByC. Muvi.wu. 60 Illustrations.
MILLET. By R. Holland. 32 Illustrations.
HOLBEIN. ByPORDMADOS HUEFFBR. 60 Illustration-.
London: DUCKWORTH & CO. 3, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.
622
Til E ATIIKXJKUM
N 109 19. 1906
NOTES AND QUERIES.
GENERAL INDEXES.
THE FOLLOWING ARE still IX
STOCK:—
£ 8. (1.
GENERAL INDEX,
FOURTH SERIES ..330
GENERAL INDEX,
SIXTH SERIES ..060
GENERAL INDEX,
SEVENTH SERIES ..060
-GENERAL INDEX,
EIGHTH SERIES
0 6 0
For Copies by post an additional Three-
pence is charged.
JOHN C. FRANCIS & J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
Xotes and Queries Office, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
T
NEW WORK BY OSWALD CRAWFURD.
JUST PUBLISHED.
HE REVELATIONS OF
INSPECTOR MORGAN.
OSWALD CRAWFURD, C.M.G.,
Author of 'Sylvia Arden,' 'The Ways of the Millionaire,' &c.
Price Six Shillings.
Contents: —
DETECTIVE INSPECTOR MORGAN.
GENTLEMAN COGGINS, ALIAS TOWERS.
THE FLYING MAN.
THE MURDER AT JEX FARM.
THE KIDNAPPED CHILDREN.
London: CHAPMAN & HALL, LIMITED.
s
C I E N C E; THE MIND
REVELATION; THE HEART OF GOD.
By J. W. BARWELL.
A Business Man's Ideas of a Common Belief.
Pamphlet, la. post free,
JACOBS & HOLMES, Publishers,
107, East Adam Street, Chicago, 111.
COMFORT, Style, and Quality in Lest Hand-
mad* Footgear, t" measure only. West-End work, DO pes cent
below West Bud prices. Famed for 8nootlng Boots. Self-measurement
direction! free ; call preferred.— JOHN EVANS BOOT PITTING CO.,
•t». Great Queen Btreet, Klngsway, London, W.C Established is.%.
/COCKROACHES CLEARED WITH BLATTIS.
Used everywhere with anraWna sueoesi sines Mr. K. Howsrth,
F.Z.8., destroyed plague ol them at Sheffield Wmkliousc
in ISM.
Siri'UEli IlY ORDER To His MAJESTY THE KING
AT BANDRINGHAlf.
Itecommoiuli'il l>y Dr. 11. Woodward, t lis,. Canon K Jacques, lt.I>..
the (Jittrii, and :ill Ladles' I'.i i >■ i-.
Tins 1«. */., 2*. id., It. id.
IIOWAHTII 4 FAIIt, 471, Orttiksmoor Road, Sheffield.
ELLIOT STOCK'S NEW BOOKS.
NEW AND RECENT NOVELS.
NEW NOYEL BY THE AUTHOR OF 'LOTUS OR LAUREL?'
In crown -.<■•■, i loth, piit lt-tund, j.i ; •
F 11 U I T. Second Edition.
HASTY
By HELEN WALLACE, Author of 'The Oi
\ • ile "f merit, with line character, and good bat not Insistent moral Una /
"Th.' ston i.> graphically written, and the interest i> well maintained all the was tbrouch,and it wfl]
many.'
Sh i.l,.
in i Town ,svii, cloth, gHulettered, •
In crows. Bra, doth, price g*.
BARR AND SON. Tlie Story of TTJJ? QnrTnnT nv rrrr a
a Modem Knight-Errant By EDWTN ei.liott, J- 11 Pj d^HUULi UP L/IPPL. A
HBTK
Author of 'Wiin i- My Brother?' 'Denvs i
Romance,' 'Curse of Xicotfl,' 'Maetei of Culver," Netta,'
• i tilted,' Ac.
"The book is full of Incident, and Interest is well ma-
tained, though al times we are a little perplexed bj the
number of characters on the stage. The author, bowerer,
baa these well in hand, and cleverlj works the story op to a
thrilling climax."- Co-operative .\
In crown Svo, cloth, price 2*. (V. net.
RETURNED WITH THANKS,
and other Short Stories. By Mrs. II. MAXWELL
PRIDEAl X.
" will do doubt appeal with a touch of tragedy to those
thousands of amateurs whose works of genius tome back
with Mich painful regularity in envelopes addressed to
their owners." — Tribune.
Study in the Discipline of ( i
M. LLBfi
"The* -tor, i- an excellent piece of «"ri. ; the inter.
sustained from the fh l when th
els the better for baring read it."
'tier Mercury.
In crown 8vo, bound in cloth, gilt lettered, 6*.
A PARISH SCANDAL.
Mr-. CHARLF> MAR-HALL.
"Brightly and crisply told. Sure to amu-c many readers,
and to instruct others. "Sheffield Daily Indepetui-
By
NOW READY. CHEAP EDITION.
In demy 8vo, cloth, price Zs. Gd. net
HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE-
SHIRE. By Rev. EDWARD COXVBEARE.M.A.
"Mr. Conybeare is to be congratulated on having pro-
duced a volume which is at once thorough and readable."
Daily Graphic
CHEAP EDITION.
In large Svo, appropriately bound, price Zs. 6d. net.
NEOLITHIC MAN IN NORTH-
EAST SURREY. By WALTER JOHNSON and
WILLIAM WRIGHT.
"The authors have everywhere exhibited not only know-
ledge and enthusiasm, but also the saving grace of common-
sense, and their little book deserves hearty commendation."
Daily New.
NEW VOLUMES OF VERSE.
In crown 8vo, cloth, gilt-lettered, price la W.
A STORY OF UNREST. A
Drama of Dreams. By B. Bl'RFORD RAWLIN' •-.
" A work not without literary ability."— Scotsman.
Crown Svo, cloth, price 3*. W. net,
THE TREASURE OF THE SEA.
A Book of Yerse. By STANLEY GERALD DUNN.
"Mr. Dunn's work has freshness and brightness. It con-
tains much that is sincerely felt and well worked out into
capable and rhythmical verse." — Daily Mare.
ELLIOT STOCK, 62, Paternoster Row, London, E.C.
6/-
JUST OUT.
6/-
ii
THE BAR SINISTER.
< i
BY
J. MORGAN-DE-GROOT.
WM. BLACKWOOD & SOXS, Edinburgh and London.
FOURTH EDITION, Revised to 1905, NOW READY, fcap. Svo, cloth, price Sixpence.
ASTRONOMY FOR THE YOUNG.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limitkd, 15, Paternoster Row.
THE SURGICAL AID SOCIETY.
Chief Offices— SALISBURY SQUARE, FLEET STREET, E.C.
Telephone No.: 12282 CENTRAL.
Patron-HIS MAJESTY THE KING.
This Society was established in 1802 to supply Leg Instruments, Spinal Supports,
Trusses, Elastic Stockings, Artificial Limbs, &c, and every other description of
Mechanical Support, to the Poor.
OVER 440 PATIENTS ARE RELIEVED EVERY WEEK.
CONTRIBUTIONS EARNESTLY SOLICITED.
Annual Subscription Of £0 10 6 ] Entitles to Two Recommendations
Life Subscription of 5 5 0 i per Annum.
Bankers— Messrs. Barclay & Co., Ltd., 54, Lombard Street.
RICHARD C. TRESIDDER, Secretary.
N°4099, May 19, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
623
DAVID NUTT,
57-59, LONG ACRE.
THE CLASSICAL REVIEW.
Vol. XX. . MAY, 100C. No. 4. Is.6c7.net.
Contents.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS :—
Mvpnilovuv IToAic. T. W. ALLEN.
The Homeric Apostrophe. An Explanation. CAMP-
BELL BONNER.
Homer, 'Odyssey,' xi. 423-420. RACHEL EVELYN
WHITE.
Aeschylus, ' Agamemnon,' 709-71G. W. R. PATON.
Sophocles, 'Antigone,' 249 ff., and the Conclusion of
the ' Septem 'of Aeschylus. T. D. S.
Plato, 'Politicus,' 209 F.-270 A. An Allusion to
Zoroastrianism? W. J. GOODRICH.
Two Passages of the ' Republic' H. W. GARROD.
'Doric' Futures. Aristophanes and Plato. R.JOHN-
SOX WALKER.
Horace, 'Odes,' ii. 15, 1. 6. E. H. ALTON.
NOTES.
REVIEWS:—
Kleingiinther on Manilius. ROBINSON ELLIS.
Schmalz-Kreb's ' Antibarbarus.' EMORY B. LEASE.
Quantitative Latin Texts for Schools. S. E. W.
Sabbadini's ' Finds of Latin and Greek MSS.' ALBERT
C. (LARK.
Two Philological Books from the Low Countries. P.
GILES.
Dougan's 'Tusculan Disputations.' ALBERT C.
CLARK.
CORRESPONDENCE :—
Pronunciation of Latin AE. W. F. WITTON.
Abbott's ' Johannine Grammar.' EDWIN A. ABBOTT.
REPORT .—
Proceedings of the Oxford Philological Society.— Hilary
Term, 1906. F. W. HALL.
VERSION:—
From Shakespeare : ' K. John,' Act III. sc. iv. J. I.
BEARE.
ARCHAEOLOGY:—
The British School at Rome.
Audollent's 'Defixionum Tabulae.' W. H. D. ROUSE.
Monthly Record. F. H. MARSHALL.
Archaeological and Numismatic Summaries. WAR-
WICK WROTH.
BOOKS RECEIVED.
TO BE PUBLISHED MONDAY, MAY 28.
GRIMM LIBRARY. Vol. XVII.
THE LEGEND OF SIR PERCEVAL.
Studies on its Origin, Development, and Place
in the Arthurian Legend Cycle. Vol. I.
Chretien de Troves and Wauchier de Denain.
By JESSIE L. WESTON, Translator of
' Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival,' and of
'Arthurian Romances unrepresented in Malory'
(Six Numbers issued); Author of 'The Legend
of Sir Gawain,' ' The Legend of Sir Lancelot,'
'The Threo Days' Tournament,' 'Legends of
the Wagner Dramas,' &e. Crown 8vo, xxvii-
350 pp., printed at the Constable Press, and
half-bound in art linen, 12*. <>'/. net (13s. post
free).
%* Orders which reach the Publisher either
direct or through the intermediary of a Bookseller
In fore the 28th May (or in the case of American
customers before June 11), will he executed at
10*. (W. (Ha. post free), provided they fa accom-
panied by cash. The major part of the limited
of this most important work, the chief con-
tribution made by English scholarship to the,
elucidation of Arthurian romance for the last sixty
years, has .already hcen taken up.
CASSANDRA AND OTHER
POEMS. By BERNARD DREW. Crown
8vo, cloth, 3ft
fid.
PEARL. A Metrical rendering of the
Sixth - Century English Elegiac Poem by
(I. G. CONETON. Kinio, eloth gilt, Lft net.'
MESSRS. LONGMANS & CO.' S
LIST.
— ♦ —
THE BADMINTON UBRARY.
ON HONDA Y NEXT.
FOURTH EDITION, THOROUGHLY REYISED.
MOTORS AND
MOTOR-DRIVING.
By LORD NORTHCLIFFE.
With Contributions by
THE MARQUIS DE CHASSELOUP-LAUBAT,
LORD MONTAGU OF BEAULIEU, R. J. MECREDY,
CLAUDE JOHNSON, THE HON. C. S. ROLLS,
SIR DAVID SALOMONS, BART., and others.
With 23 Plates and 147 Illustrations in the Text by
H. M. BROCK, II. TRINGHAM, and from Photographs.
Crown 8vo, cloth, 9*. net ; half-bound, 12s. net.
This edition has been revised throughout, and where
necessary the illustrations hare been replaced by represen-
tations of the most up-to-date automobiles.
An important addition has been made to the chapter on
' Roads,' and chapters en the following subjects apitear for
the first time, viz., ' Continental Touring,' 'Lamps,' and
' The Motor Union of Great Britain and Ireland and its
Work.' Another new feature is a series of illustrations of
famous racing cars, reproduced as far as possible to one scale
throughout, and to this is added a Chart of Racing Speeds.
The whole of the work has been brought thoroughly up to
date as regards ignition, mechanical, and other practical
details.
NEW AND CHEAPER EDITION, WITH A
NEW PREFACE.
RURAL ENGLAND :
Being an Account of Agricultural and Social
Researches carried out in the Years
1901 and 1902.
By H. RIDER HAGGARD.
With 29 Illustrations from Photographs,
2 vols. Svo, 12*. net.
"The most important work on rural economy pub-
lished since Arthur Young's days." — Daily Chronicle.
WAYSIDE SKETCHES IN ECCLE-
SIASTICAL HISTORY. Nine Lectures, with Notes
and Preface. By CHARLES BIGG, D.D., Canon of
Christ Church and Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical
History in the University of Oxford. 8vo, Is. Gd. net.
[On Monday next.
" These lectures might hare been called Essays on the De-
velopment of the Church. They refer to three great moments
in. the fateful process — the making of the mediceral system,
the decay of the. mediaeval system, and the beginnings of
modern Christianity." — From the PREFACE.
THE GENUINENESS AND AUTHOR-
SHIP OF THE PASTORAL EPISTLES. By the Rev.
J. D. JAMES, B.D., Vicar of Cadoxton-.juxta-Neath,
formerly Classical Scholar of Magdalene College, Cam-
bridge. 3s. ikl. net. [On Monday next.
PERSECUTION AND TOLERANCE :
being the Hulsean Lectures preached before the Uni-
versity of Cambridge in 1S93-4. By MANDELL
CHEIGHTON, D.D. D.C.L., Ac, sometime Bishop of
London. New and Cheaper Impression. Crown Svo,
2s. Crf. net.
DIVINE AUTHORITY. By J. F.
SCHOLFIELD, M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, late
Rector of St. Michael's, Edinburgh. Crown Svo,
2s. ad. net. [On Monday next.
Content*:- The Need of a Teacher— The Voire of (!od
Incarnate— The Voice of God in the Church — The Delivery
of the Message- Other Voices — The Real Point at Issue.
THE ANNUAL REGISTER : a Review
of Public Events at Home and Abroad. For the Year
1906. Svn, ls.v. [On Monday next.
A DISCREPANT WORLD: being an
Essay in Fiction. By the Author of 'Through Specta-
cles of Peeling,' Ac Crown svo, 6a [On Monday next.
A NEW DETECTIYE STORY.
TRACKS IN THE SNOW: being the
History of a Crime. Edited from the Ms. of the Rev.
ROBERT DRIVER, B.D. Bv GODFREY K. BEN-
BON. Crown SVO, B*
"In addition to the well-thought-out plot, there is some
excellent character-drawing and a real distinction of style
In the story, it Isoneol the best sensational novels that
lias been Written for some time." Tribune.
MR. MURRAY'S
NEW BOOKS.
MONOGRAPHS.
Biographical Sketches of Garrick, Macready,
Rachel, and Baron Stockmar. By Sir THEODORE
MARTIN, K.C.B. With Portraits in Photo^
gravure. Demy Svo, \2s. net.
By
8s. net
JOTTINGS OF AN OLD
SOLICITOR.
Sir JOHN HOLLAMS. Square demy 8vo,.
SIDE-LIGHTS ON THE HOME
RULE MOVEMENT.
SOME PERSONAL REMINISCENCES FROM
1867 TO 1889. By Sir ROBERT ANDERSON,
K.C.B. LL.D. Demy 8vo, 9s. net.
LONGMANS, GREEN k CO.
39, Paternoster Row, London.
THE DEAD HEART OF
AUSTRALIA.
A JOURNEY AROUND LAKE EYRE IN THE
SUMMER OF 1901-2. By J. W. GREGORY,
F.R.S. D.Sc, Author of 'The Great Rift Valley.'
With Maps and Illustrations. Medium Svo,.
16s. net.
RESEARCHES IN SINAI.
By Prof. W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE, D.C.L.
LL.D. F.R.S., Edwards Professor of P^gyptology,
University College, London. With Chapters bv
C. T. CURELLY, M.A., Officer of the Imperial
Order of the Medjidie. With 186 Illustrations and
4 Maps. Demy 8vo. 21*. net.
THE PRINCIPLES AND METHODS
OF TAXATION.
By G. ARMITAGE-SMITH, Principal of Birk-
beck College. Crown 8vo, 5s.
The object of this work is to present in a concise
and simple form an account of the British system
of taxation and the principles on which it is based,
together with some of the leading historical facts
in its evolution.
GEOLOGY.
By THOMAS C. CHAMBERLIN and ROLLIN
D. SALISBURY, Heads of the Departments of
Geology and Geography, University of Chicago ;
Members of U.S. Geological Survey.
Vol. II.
EARTH HISTORY. —Genesis— Paleozoic.
Vol. III.
EARTH HISTORY. — Mesozoic— Cenozoic.
Profusely illustrated. Demy Svo, 21s. net each.
The first volume of this great and valuable work
Geology: Processes and their Results — published
in England in 1905, is highly appreciated by
geologists.
Vols. II. and III. complete the book.
THE LAW RELATING TO
THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY
TO ANIMALS.
AND SOME KINDRED TOPICS, INCLUDING
THE WILD BIRDS PROTECTION ACTS. By
PERCY M. BURTON, of the Inner Temple and
Midland Circuit, Barrister-at-Law ; and GUY H.
GUILLUM SCOTT, of the Inner Temple and
South-Eastern Cirouit, Barrister-at-Law. Large
crown Svo, 3s. 6d\ net.
NEW IMPRESSION.
THE FIVE WINDOWS OF
THE SOUL.
A Popular Account of tlie Human Senses. By
A. H. ATTKEN. Crown 8vo, 6s. net
JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street, W
(VJ4
Til E ATM ENJEUM
N 1099. IIai 19. L906
MESSRS. BELLS PUBLICATIONS.
Catalogues or Prospctuse^ sent post free on application.
.11 m ci BLIMHKD, dam) Jre, with M lllii-tr.it i..ii», la <-i. n.-t.
TURBINES. By W. H Stuart Garnett.
\ p. .piiin book on tha mbject of Steam and Water Turbines, in wblcn the theory of
the moled i» clereloped concurrent!} «itli Its history, in men a waj aa to make it readily
Intelligible to the general reader, Phi. problemi which are al pi nl associated with n
ire »Uited. with Ible future of the engine, At thi aame time the book
contains the rnoel complete tl rj thai baa to far been published of the well-known
mi. bines, and « ill be oi ralue to experts and to : • 1 1 iiaera of power,
NO" READY, reap. Bro,
A HANDBOOK TO SHAKESPEARE. By Morton Luce, Author of
■ \ Handbook to Tennj son.'
SIXTtl ami t in: \i'KK EDITION, with a .\, •«• Preface, dent} fro, Sa U. net
HENRY VIII. AND THE ENGLISH MONASTERIES. By the
Hi-lu Bar. ABBOT GASQUET, D.I), O.RB.
Demy Bto, 12a net
HENRY III. AND THE CHURCH. A Study of his Ecclesiastical
Policy, and of the Relations between England and Borne. By the Bight Rev,
ABBOT GASQUET, D.D. O.&B.
NEW and REVISED EDITION, 6a neb
THE EVE OF THE REFORMATION. Studies in tbe Religious
Life and Thought of the English People in the Period preceding the Rejection of the
Romish Jurisdiction by Henry vin. By the Bight Bev, A1MOT UASQTJET,
D.I). O.S.K
Imperial 8vo, 21*. net.
THE ADMISSION REGISTERS OF ST. PAUL'S SCHOOL, 1876-1905.
Edited by the Roy. R. B GARDINER, M.A., Editor of 'The Admission Registers of
st. Paul's School, 1748 1876,' "The Registers of Wadliam College, Oxford,' Ac.
NEW VOLUMES OF BOSN'S STANDARD LIBRARY.
Post 8vo, 3*'. fki each.
HAZLITT'S VIEW OF THE ENGLISH STAGE ; or, a Series of
Dramatic Criticisms. Edited by W. SPENCER JACKSON.
EMERSON'S WORKS. A New Edition in 5 vols., with the Text
Edited and Collated by GEORGE SAMPSON.
NEW VOLUMES OF THE YORK LIBRARY.
On thin paper, cloth, 2s. net ; leather, 3*. net.
HAWTHORNE'S TRANSFORMATION. (The Marble Faun.)
PLUTARCH'S LIVES. Translated, with Notes and a Life, by
AUBREY STEWART, M.A., and GEORGE LONG, M.A. Vol. I.
Medium Svo, 10*. (id. net.
IDEALS IN ART : Papers, Theoretical, Practical, Critical. By
WALTER CRANE. With Title-Page, End-Papers, and Cover Designed by the
Author, and numerous Illustrations.
Small 4to, 10*. (id. net.
LIGHT AND WATER. An Essay on Reflexion and Colour in
River, Lake, and Sea. By Sir MONTAGU POLLOCK, Bart. With 30 Photographic
Illustrations and numerous Diagrams.
" Should be in the hands of every one who paints from nature." — ALFRED EAST, A.R.A.
2 vols, imperial 8vo, 21. 108. net.
A HISTORY OF RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND.
A.D. 1600-1800. By REGINALD BLOMFIELD, M.A., Author of 'The Formal
Garden in England. With 150 Illustrations from Drawings by the Author, ami i)0
Plates from Photographs and Old Prints and Drawings.
Post 8vo, T.v. (id. net.
A SHORT HISTORY OF RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE in
ENGLAND. a.i>. 1600-1800. By REGINALD BLOMFIELD, M.A. With 134
Ilhistr.it inns.
DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND IN THE SEVEN
TEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES. A Selection of Examples
of Smaller Buildings, Measured, Drawn, and Photographed. With Introduction and
Notes by HORACE FIELD and MICHAEL BUNNEY. Royal 4to, 2Z. 2* neb
Imperial 8vo, if. id. id. net.
A HISTORY OF GOTHIC ART IN ENGLAND. By E. S. Prior.
With 840 Illustrations, mostly drawn by G. C. BORSLBY,
I SGLIXH f VI ill. hi: ILH
An Itinerary and i>
l ion.
BRISTOL
CAN! KRBI i:\
CARLIX1 I
< iii si u:
i UICHKN1 I i:
DURHAM.
ELY
EXETER.
BELLS CATHEDRAL SERIES.
PROl i -i 1.1 II. 1. 1 Wl i: \ I ED
In ■]., ■ i .11 . I >. Igned cloth Cover, crown 8ro, li I
NOW READY.
GLOW I -I I i:
ill i:i I i. 111).
I.K III II I.I)
l.l.\< OI.V
MANC1IKS1 I It
NOI'.W l< II
<>\l OKI)
PE1 KRBOROI (.11
RIPON
KOI HESTER
si. ALB LN8.
in with abi
-I \-\IMI.
- I D A V 1 1VH
-I PATER I. -
-I I'M L*N
- \l.l-l;i
KOI I llw III.
u ELI*
U IN< III. -I I II
WORI ESI I I:
roue.
»l IW.IN.
ST. MARTIN'S r in i:< n
I Wl ERBURY.
WIMBOBNE MINS1 EH
AND CHRLSTCHURl II
PRIORY
1,1. \ KRL1 ,i Mis- I I I:
I KWKESB1 \:\ ABBI 1
AND DEERH1
PRIORY.
w ESTMINSTEB ABBEY.
I:\IH MU'.IA
lil K\ UililA AND
BH \DI OKI) <j\ \\o\
• ill i:< II.
KTRATJ ORD OSA OS
BELL'S HANDBOOKS TO CONTINENTAL CHURCHES.
PROFUSELY ILLD81 B VI ID. Crown Sro, cloth, it. fid
CHARTRES : the Cathedral ROUEN : the Cathedral and AMIENS: tin land
and other Churches. other < hurches. other chui
PARIS (NOTRE-DAME). MONT ST. MICHEL BAYEUX
NEW EDITION, REVISED, crow)
CITIES AND SITES OF SPAIN. A Handbook for Traveller.
Mrs. A. LE BLOND (Mrs. Main). With numerous Illustrations and •'
By
THE ART GALLERIES OF EUROPE.
With numerous Illustrations, crown Bto, G*. net each,
THE ART OF THE VENICE ACADEMY. By Mary Knight Potter.
THE ART OF THE NATIONAL GALLERY. By Julia de W.
ADDISON.
THE ART OF THE LOUVRE. By Mary Knight Potter.
THE ART OF THE PITTI PALACE. By Julia De W. Addison
THE ART OF THE VATICAN. By Mary Knight Potter.
HANDBOOKS OF THE GREAT MASTERS IN PAINTING AND
SCULPTURE.
Edited by G. C. WILLIAMSON, LitLD.
With 40 Illustrations and Photogravure Frontispiece. 30 vols, large post
LUTNX
CRIVELLI.
DELLA ROBBIA.
PRANCTA.
WILKIE.
MICHAEL ANGELO.
VELASQUEZ.
CORREOOIO.
GIORGIONE
BBTJNELLE8CHX
OERARD nor
DHL SARTO.
DONATELLO.
MEMLINC.
MANTEGNA
WATTE AU.
SIGNORELLL
PERUGLNO.
FRANCES! A
REMBRANDT.
la 1 1 riCELLL
K M'HAKL.
SODOM A.
PINTORIOI lllo.
GIOTTO.
I IN rORETTO.
«. M DENZIO 1 i RR MM.
1 l: \\/ II M.-
I.I ON LRDO l'\ HNCL
RUBENS
Illustrated List of this Series post fret on application.
FOURTH EDITION, post Bvo, it. net
HOW TO LOOK AT PICTURES. By Robert Clermont Witt. M.A.
With 35 Illustrations.
SECOND EDITION, post Svo, fit. net.
HOW TO IDENTIFY PORTRAIT MINIATURES. By George C.
WILLIAMSON, Litt.D. With Chapters on the Painting of Miniatun * bj \ LWYN
WILLIAMS, R.B.A. With 40 Plates, illustrating upwards of 70 Mil
THIRD EDITION, postf net.
HOW TO COLLECT OLD FURNITURE. By Frederick Litchfield,
Author of 'Illustrated History of Furniture,' &c. With 40 Plates ami nun.
other Illustrations.
SEVENTH THOUSAND, post Svo, 6a net,
HOW TO IDENTIFY OLD CHINA: a Handbook for Collectors of
English Pottery and Porcelain. By Mrs. WTLLOUGHBV
10 PI ites and numerous Reproductions of Marks.
1IODCSON. With
With numerous Full-Page Plates and other Illustrations, posl -
HOW TO COLLECT BOOKS By J. Herbert Slater, Editor ul ' Book-
Prices Current.' Author of ' The Romance ol Book Collecting,1 dec.
TWENTIETH-CENTURY EDITION.
WEBSTER'S INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY,
REYISED THROUGHOUT, AND BROUGHT UP TO DATE.
■J, .Sis pp., 5,000 Illustrations. Price) strongly bound in sheepskin, 21. net : or in oloth, :>n-. mi
" The t»-st practical working dictionary of the English Language." Quark rly /?. <-i< w.
Illustrated Pamphlet, with Specimen Pages, Prices, Testimonials, etc., /x^t fret on application.
London: GEORGE BELL & SONS, Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn. W.C.
Edltorl il Oommnnicattona Bhould Ik- addreaavd to "THE ED1TOB "— AdTertJaemenU and BurincM batten to "I Hi: ri r.i i-ii n:> a the I ti,, . . Breaml Bondings, < banoaij l • l I
Published Weekly by JOHN 0. FRAN 018 and J. KDWAltn FRANCIS al Bream's Buildings, Ohanoarj Una, B.O, and Printed bjj EDWARD FRANCIS, atiunenun Preta, Braam'a BaOdinga, ChsnoKr I««"
Agents for Scotland, Uesmv BELL k BRADFUTE and Mr. .ioiin HENZIE8, BdinborRh.— Saturdar, Maj is, 1908.
THE ATHENAEUM
Jtoitntal af (Bnglisb an& Jnrrign Wttzxsimt, S>tima, t\)t $'mt Jlrts, JRitsit anh tljt Drama,
'-i
No. 4100.
SATURDAY, MAY 26, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
^orifites.
KOYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
(Incorporated by Royal Charter).
ALEXANDER PRIZE.
The following Subjects have been proposed by the COUNCIL:—
I. LATIN COMMERCE AND COMMERCIAL COLONIES IN
THE BLACK SEA. especially in the Years 1260-1470.
" THE UNION OF ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND, 170-2-7.
:: THE POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN
WD THE UNITED STATES OP AMERICA, from the Ashburton
Treaty of 1842 until the Alabama Award of 1*7-2.
Essays must be sent in before MARCH :i. 1907. to THE OFFICES
<>F THE SOCIETY, :J, nil Serjeants' Inn, Chancery Lane,
London, W.C.
(Eiliibtttons.
EXHIBITION of PAINTINGS by ARTHUR
STUDD ami. I. D. FERGUSSON. and METAL WORK by G.
DIKKERS & CO., of Holland. NOW OPEN. -THE BAILLIE
ttALLEKY. r,4, Baker Street, W., in toil.
OLD BRITISH SCHOOL.— SHEPHERD'S
SPRING EXHIBITION includes choice Landscapes and Por-
traits by the Masters of the Old British School of Painting.
SHEPHERD S GALLERY, 27, Kins Street, St. James's Square.
THE LIFE of JESUS of NAZARETH, por-
trayed in 80 Pictures by W. HOLE, R.S.A.. Also OXFORD,
CAMBRIDGE, and the PUBLIC SCHOOLS, illustrate,! in :;«> old
Engravings and Water Colours. Also MATER COLOURS of
GLACIER and MORAINE aliout AROLLA, SAAS FEE. and BEL
VLP by ERNEST GEORGE. Now ON VIEW at the FINE-ART
SOCIETY, 148. New Bond Street.
proiriteni Unstituttona.
VTEWSVENDORS' BENEVOLENT AND
i-l PROVIDENT INSTITUTION.
Founded 1839.
Funds exceed 25.000Z.
Office : Memorial Hall Buildings, 16, Farringdon Street, London, E.O.
Patron :
The Right Hon. THE EARL OF ROSEBERY. K.G. K.T.
President :
The LORD GLENESK.
Treasurer :
THE LONDON AND WESTMINSTER BANK. LIMITED.
A Donation of Ten Guineas constitutes a Vice President and gives
three votes for life at all elections. Each Donation of Three Guineas
gives a vote at all elections for life. Every Annual Subscriber is
entitled to one vote at all elections in respect of each Five Shillings
to paid.
MEMBERSHIP.- Every Man or Woman throughout the United
Kingdom, whether Publisher, Wholesaler. Retailer, Employer, or
Employed, is entitled to become a Member of this Institution, and
enjoy its benefits upon payment of Five Shillings annually, or Three
■Guineas for life, provided that he or she is engaged in the sale of
Newspapers, and such Members who thus contribute secure priority
of consideration in the event of their needing aid from the Institution.
PENSIONS— The Annuitants now number Thirty-six, the men
receiving 252. :md the Women 20i. ]>er annum each, and theyinelude : —
Tin- "Royal Victoria Pension Fund,'' which was established in 1S87
and enlarged in 1897, 1901, and 1902, perpetually commemorates the
advantages the News Trade enjoyed under the rule of Her late
■ ; Queen Victoria, provides Pensions of 20.. a year each for Six
\\ :.!..\\ s of Newsvcndors.
Tb" " Francis Fund provides Pensions for One Man, 251., and One
Woman 2<>l.. and was specially subscribed in memory of the late John
is, who died on April n, 188% and was for more than titty years
I the AthttHtum. He took an active and leading part
throughout the whole period of the agitation for the repeal of the
then existing "Taxes on Knowledge," and was for very many
civs ,-i staunch supporter "f this Institution.
'Mo " Horace Marshall Pension Fund" is the gift of the late Mr.
Horace Brooks Marshall. The employe* of that firm have primary
right of election to its benefits, but this privilege not having been
exercised until ltH)4. the General Pensions of the Institution have had
the full benefit arising from the interest on this investment from 1887
The "Herbert Lloyd Pension Fund" provides 261. per annum for
one man; and was established in 1908 in perpetual and grateful
Mr. Herbert Lloyd, who was a generous benefactor of
-titutir.il. and who dieo May 12, 1899.
The "Hospital Pensions" consist of an annual contribution.
whereby sii Henry Charles Burdett and bis ■■•directors generously
enable the Committee to grant 201. for One Year to a Man, under
tons laid down in Rule 8c.
W. WILKIE JONES. Secretary.
T
HE BOOKSELLERS' PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION.
Founded is..;
Patron- HER MAJESTY QUEEN ALEXANDRA.
I i 'aiiit.d. .lo.oooi.
A UNIQUE INVESTMENT
Offered to London Booksellers and their Assistants.
inrf man or woman of twenty five can invest the sum of Twenty
Guineas or its equivalent by instalments), and obtain the right to
participate in the following advantages :—
Fll: i from want in time of Adversity as long as need
• lists.
Permanent Relief in Old Age.
THIRD Medical Advice by emlneni Physicians and Burgi
RTH. A Cottage In the Country (Abbot* Langley, Hertford-
shire! for aged Members, with garden produce, coal, and Ilea]
1 1 ec, in nddil ion to an annuity.
FIFTH. A furnished boose in the mm* Retreat at Abbot* Langley
for the use of Members and their tamilies for holidays or during
■ ii- e.
si XTH. A contribution towards Funeral expenses when it is ie
BEVENTH. All these are available not fur Heraben only, but also
it wives or widows and young ehlldren.
HTH The payment w the subscriptions confers an absolute
rijfht i,, t hi ge bi Bents In all
pply
J. \ l: \ Lit, 28, Patcrnostet Row, E.C
thcr information apply to the Secretary Ma. GEORGE
Iwturea.
P OY AL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN,
-LV ALBEMARLE STREET, PICCADILLY, W.
TUESDAY NEXT, May 29, at 5 o'clock, Col. V. BALCK, FIRST of
TWO LECTURES on ' NORTHERN WINTER SPORTS.' Haifa-
Guinea the Course.
SATURDAY, dune 2, at :; o'clock, Prof. W. MACNEILE DIXON,
MA. Litt.D., FIRST of TWO LECTURES on 111 THE ORIGINS
OF POETRY.' 12) 'INSPIRATION IN" POETRY.' Haifa-Guinea.
(Ebucattonal.
THE DOWNS SCHOOL, SEAFORD, SUSSEX.
Head Mistress— Miss LUCY ROBINSON, M.A. date Second Mis-
tress St. Felix School, Southwold). References: The Principal of
Bedford College, London ; The Master or Peterhouse, Cambridge.
WESTMINSTER SCHOOL.— An EXAMINA-
TION will be held on JUNE 27. 28, and 29, to fill
VACANCIES in SCHOLARSHIPS and EXHIBITIONS.— For par-
ticulars apply by letter to the BURSA It, The Bursary, Little Dean's
Yard, Westminster.
u
NIVERSITY OF DURHAM.
An EXAMINATION for ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS in
CLASSICS and THEOLOGY will be held in JUNE, commencing
WEDNESDAY, 20th, at 9 a.m. Intending Candidates should apply to
THE MASTER OF UNIVERSITY COLLEGE;
THE PRINCIPAL OF BISHOP HATFIELD'S HALL; or
THE CENSOR OF UNATTACHED STUDENTS.
CLASSICAL SCHOLARSHIPS are OPEN TO WOMEN. Intending
Candidates should apply to THE PRINCIPAL OF THE WOMEN'S
HOSTEL, Palace Green, Durham.
ST. PAUL'S SCHOOL, WEST KENSINGTON.
—An EXAMINATION will be held at the above school on
TUESDAY. June 26, 1906, and on the following da vs. for FILLING
UP SEVERAL VACANCIES ON THE FOUNDATION.— Full par-
ticulars can be obtained on application to THE BURSAR.
D
R A P E R S' COMPANY.
SOLEY SCHOLARSHIP AND EXHIBITION FUND.
The DRAPERS' COMPANY will shortly award SCHOLARSHIPS
of 602. per annum tenable for Two or Three Years at some place of
advanced education, for the study of Theoretical or Applied Science,
Art. Medicine, or Law, or the Degree Examination of some University
in the United Kingdom. The Scholarships will be awarded to oil
Sons or Grandsons, between Pi and is years of age. of Freemen of the
Drapers' Company; ifci other Boys of the same age. The Parent or
Guardian of every Candidate must satisfy the Company that he needs
the assistance of the Scholarship to carry on his education.
The Company will shortly have the right also to nominate for an
Exhibition of 7n/. per annum, tenable for Three Years at Kings
College, Cambridge, a Son or Grandson of a Freeman of the Company
of not more than 2n years of age.
Further particulars may be obtained on application to the CLERK
To THE COMPANY, Drapers' Hall, Throgmorton Street, E.C.
pHURCH EDUCATION CORPORATION.
CHERWELL HALL. OXFORD.
Training College for Women Secondary Teachers. Principal, Miss
CATHERINE I. DODD, M.A., late Lecturer in Education at the
University of Manchester.
Students are prepared for the Oxford Teacher's Diploma, the
Cambridge Teachers Certificate, the Teacher's Diploma of the
University of London, and the Higher Froebel Certificate
two SCHOLARSHIPS of 251. a yeai eai b are offered in JUNE to
Students entering Cherwell Hall for a year's training.
Full particulars on application
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the choice of SCHOOLS for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
nre invited to call upon or send fully detailed particulars to
MESSRS GABBITAS, TURING & CO.,
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free ..f charge, is given by Mr. THRINO. Nephew of the
late Head Master of Uppingham, 36, Sackvillc Street, London, W.
Situations Vacant.
QUEEN'S U N I V E R S 1 T Y,
KINGSTON, CANADA.
The I H \n: of LATIN is VACANT.
Sal nv 92,000 < W'i" sterling).
Applications, with thirty-five conies of Testimonials, should be
s.nt (•> Principal Gordon, care of Messrs. .tames MacLehose A Sons,
61, st. Vincent street. Glasgow, no) later than JULY: 14,
OF BIRMINGHAM.
(■TNI V E R S I T i
TWO ASSISTANT LECTURESHIPS IN MATHEMATICS
The COUNCIL Invites applications for the above appointments.
per annum resin ctively
fLpplicationi accompanied by Testimonials, should be sen! I
undersigned, not latei than Tl ESDA Y, June B, 1906.
'I'h. ■ elected will be required to enter upon their duties
..n OCTOBER i. Hm«.
Further partii "ins may be obtained from
GEO. ll. MORLEY, Secretary.
The University, Birmingham. May. 1906.
QT. DAVID'S COLLEGE, LAMPETER.
II WANTED, MATHEMATICAL LECTUREH iHonoui and
)■ , i Work I Stipend 1601. Capitation Pee* and Rooms Particulars
from Tiii: PRIM ini,
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
FRANCE.-The ATHEN.EUM can be
obtained at the following Railway Stations
in France:—
AMIENS, ANTIBES, BEAULIEU-SUR-MER. BIARRITZ. BOR-
DEAUX, BOULOGNE, CALAIS. CANNES, DIJON, DUNKIRK,
GENEVA, GOLFE-JUAN, HAVRE, HYERES, JUAN-LES-PIXS,
LILLE, LYON'S, MARSEILLES. MENTONE, MONACO. MONTE
CARLO. NANTES, NICE. PARIS lEst, Nord, Lyon), PAU, ROUEN,
SAINT RAPHAEL. TOULON, TOURS.
PARIS: W. H. SMITH & SON, 248, Rue de Rivoli; and at the
GALIGNANI LIBRARY. 224. Rue de Rivoli.
KING'S COLLEGE SCHOOL,
WIMBLEDON COMMON.
The COUNCIL invite applications for the ]>ost of HEAD MASTER.
—Applications must be forwarded not later than JUNE 20 NEXT to
the undersigned, from whom copies of the conditions of the appoint-
ment can be obtained. WALTER SMITH. Secretary.
King's College, Strand. W.C.
U
THE VICTORIA
NIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER.
The COUNCIL is about to appoint an ASSISTANT LECTURER
in CLASSICS. Stipend 130?.— For detailed conditions applications
should be made to the REGISTRAR.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London t,
YORK PLACE, BAKER STREET, W.
The COUNCIL are about to appoint a DEMONSTRATOR in
CHEMISTRY.— Applications, with Testimonials, to be sent ill by
JUNE 20 to the Secretary, from whom particulars can be obtained.
HILDA WALTON. Secretary.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London),
YORK PLACE, BAKER STREET, W.
The COUNCIL are about to appoint an ASSISTANT LECTURER
in FRENCH, who shall be a Woman specially qualified in Linguistics.
Applications, with Testimonials, to be sent in by JUNE 20 to the
Secretary, from whom particulars can he obtained.
HILDA WALTON, Secretary.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London),
YORK PLACE, BAKER STREET, W.
The COUNCIL are about to appoint a WOMAN as PHYSICAL
INSTRUCTOR, who will be required to give her whole time to her
duties in the College.
Applications, with Testimonials, to be sent in by JUNE 20 to the
Secretary, from whom particulars can be obtained.
1III. HA WALTON. Secretary.
K
ENT EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
Folkestone HIGHER EDUCATION SUB-COMMITTEE.
COUNTY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, FOLKESTONE.
WANTED, in SEPTEMBER NEXT, an ASSISTANT MISTRESS
at the above-named SCHOOL. Candidates sin. old be qualified to
teach FRENCH, ('LASS SINGING, or DRILL, and general Form
Subjects.
Initial Salary, 1001. per annum, risine, in accordance with the ''.'in
mittec's Scale, by annual increments of 7/. 108 for the first Two Years,
then. >f si, to a maximum ol 140!. or 1501., according to Academic
qualifications.
Application Forms will be supplied by Mr T. WILKINSON, Radnor
Chambers, Cheriton Place, Folkestone, to whom tbeymuBt be returned
so as to reach him not later than SATURDAY, June 16, 1906.
( aniassinc will be considered a disqualification.
l'.\ oi.iei ,.f tb. Committee,
PR \s, w. crook. Secretarj
ll. Bedford Row. London, W.C. May 23, 1906.
K
ENT EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
BROMLEY HIGHER EDUCATION SUBCOMMITTEE.
COUNTY school FOB GIRLS, BROMLEY.
WANTED in SEPTEMBER NEXT, at the above-named SCHOOL
(a] \" ASSISTANT MISTRESS to teach MATHEMATICS
Principal Subject. \ Graduate in Mathematics will be preferred.
Initial Salary. 1002. to HOI. per annum, according to qualifications and
experience ;
iiit An assistant MISTRESS specially qualified to teach
NEEDLEWORK. Initial Salary, 801. to 1001. per annul
t.. qualification! and experience.
Candidates foi elthet post should state fully what Supplemental1]
Suhjei i- i hej i an offei
in ,-:,, I, case the salary will iise. in accordance with the Com
mittee's Scale, by annual increments of "I 10s. foi the first Two I
ii,,, i i.x ,-,;. to a maximum oi 1401.01 1501. pel annum, according t..
Academic qualifications.
Application forms will be supplied by Mr. II J. WHARRIE,
Education Offii es, Bromley, Ki nt, to whom tli.i mu6t ho returned so
..li him not latei than S \ PURDAY, June ll
Canvassing will Vh a disqualification.
Bj in. In ,.l Die Commit
ri: \s w (Rook -
ii, Bedford Row, London, w I m rj u 1906.
iOCRINGTON MUNICIPAL SECONDARY
. \ SCHOOL VM> PUPIL-TF ll IIEB CENTRE v\ \n u:d. for
SEPTEMBER, an ASSISTANT MISTRE8S, well qualified to teach
French and English Ipplli ints must lie Graduates, Balary I0W„
hj biennial increments ol 10) to 1351., followed by non-automatic
. s|.,.. ml recommendation tpplication Forms to be
returned not later (ban JUNE i obtalnahli from
JXO RHODES - I nv.
Til E ATI! KN7KUM
B
OROl i ii
n !•'
HA8LINU Dl \
Ml NK'IPAI -i ■ ONDAR1 W HO
W I . Kill M1STI I
. hi l.|. i.niitl Hi' irni.nl. .,1 101 I
1
p i urn
n| |nj I., i
: i- . id i • < ■ <n i in* ii.l.itii.n
position must tie or iioasaoe
•
Ail I
u ii.' rations, e> peril ii. .•. mi. I whan
lih ..I tin. <■ i.-i ml Tenti
m il mil 1 .i. i than Tl E8DAY,
M.i) instant
« ILTER Ml -i.ltuVK. T..V.M Clerk
Muni U IBM
I EICESTER MUNICIPAL SCHOOL OF ART-
II. Id M ■-!■ i Mi B 3 FLETCHER.
-i 1 1 \ i IORS I LOAHT.
Tin committee Invite applications f..r tin bUowini \-
BEI "Mi M L8TSR.
To teach Design, :in.l to take pari in the general organ i
and carrying out ol the s. boot's \v..ik
Tli.- run. li. int.- must i«- i capable Draughtsman and Teachi i
strong in Building Design, or one •■( the . raft* connected with build-
lag in addition, the Person appointed will be required to continue
in- practice of the Work in which be specialises in h Btudlo- Workroom
provided fot tin' purpose. Comment Ing Bnlary, 'J-<i(.
ASSISTANT TE.U 111 I:-
TWO L88I8TANTB, Male or Female, an required tn teach Drawing
and Fainting from plant f..rm and natural object*, and to give instruc
tion in pome Elementary Craft Work. Candidates moat be vtn.iik' and
sympathetic Dranghtamen and tamable Teachers, one oi the above
Asautanta will be required to give about 21 houn par weak to actual
Teachlngand Preparation, at a Balarj »>f IftOi. perannum. The other
A"i-i int «ill be required togire about m boon par week, :it ■ Balarj
of too'. iHT annum.
Preference will be given, capabilitiea in Draughtsmanship and
bing being equal, t.> those Candidates who practice Bomepar-
ti. ular art or artistic crafl .
The Persons appointed will be required to oontinue the practice of
the work in which they specialize, and to commence their Duties in
SEPTEMBER NEXT.
Canvassing will disqualify.
Applications mual be asnt in not later than HAY SO inst., on Forms
obtainable (with further particulars) from
T. GROVES, Secretary.
Bducation Offices, Town Hall. Leicester, Mays, i»os.
Y
0 R K
PUBLIC
LIBRARY.
An ASSISTANT WANTED. Previous experience in a Free
Library, and a good knowledge of Books and of Cataloguing, essential.
Salary 782. — Applications, stating age, 4c, accompanied by copies of
not more than three Testimonials, must be delivered not later than
the morning of TUESDAY, dune s. to
ARTHUR H. FURNISH, City Librarian.
Clifford Street. York. May, 1900.
A PUBLISHER REQUIRES the EXCLUSIVE
XTl SERVICES of a GENTLEMAN of influence and experience
to undertake the amies of LITERARY ADVISER, READER, and
BOOK EDITOR. Salary 3001. Age under 40.— Send full particulars,
in confidence, to .1. A. M., 44, Chancery Lane, W.O.
OHORTHAND-TYPIST.— LONDON PUB-
k_7 LISHER requires tin services of a competent, speedy Writer as
Lady acquainted with Publishing technicalities and of good
e. location preferred. Hours 9 to 6. state Salary required.— Box 1118,
Athen.ium Press, 13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
TOINE-ART SALESMAN REQUIRED AT
JL ONCE. Yi. uns. energetic, well educated, and of good address,
with first rate references.— Address, with full particulars, bv letter
THE KINK -ART SOCIETY, 148, New Bond Street.
Situations Wtantth.
TO PUBLISHERS and EDITORS.— EMPLOY-
MENT WANTED in any Literary or Journalistic capacity.
MSB. read and prepared for Press. Editing, Compiling, Indexing.
Researches at the British Museum, Ac. Foreign Languages. Good
knowledge of Continental Affairs and Literature. —ERNEST A.
VIZETELLY, 46, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.O.
A
N active YOUNG MAN (23) requires
— -^ SITUATION as PUBLISHER'S or BOOKSELLERS ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply good references.— T., Box 1070, Athentcum Press,
13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery lane, E.C.
AS COURIER, GUIDE, or TRAVELLING
-£~\. COMPANION. — Accomplished ENGLISH LADY, speaking
French, German, and Italian, seeks RE-ENOAGEMENT. Capable
and experienced Organizer, Musical, bright, companionable. Excel
but references in Eon. Ion. Paris, *c.— Miss EDWARDS, care of The
Ladies Guild, 10, Gi-ergu Street. Hanover Square, W. Telephone,
8008 Gerrard.
TRANSLATION, Revision, Research, Reviewing,
Indexing. Encyclopaedic Articles, and other Literary Work, or
Non-Resident Secretaryship, classics. French, German, Italian,
Spanish, Anglo-Saxon. Special subjects : Mythology and Literature
Varied experience. Moderate terms. — Miss SELBY, fig, Talbot Road, W.
SEARCHES al BRITISH MUSEUM and other
LIBRARIES in English, French, Flemish, Dutch. German and
Latin. Seventeen years' experience.— J. A. Randolph, v>h,
Alexandra Road, Wimbledon, B.W.
I ITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
LJ British Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials.— A.B., Box 1062, Ataanasum Press, i.;. Bream's buildings
Chancery Lane. B.C.
iHisrrllntuous.
OXFORD MAN, many yens" experience, just
returned from Foreign Dniversity Professorial Work, wishes to
JOIN COUNTRY CLERGYMAN or LITERARY MAN. Wife
excellent manager; Musical.— P, ii., care of Everett A Sou Ltd
Salisbury Square, London, i: I
rpo AUTHORS and 1'1'IM.ISIII l:- A
11-
1"j \i inor.s and fl I'.i.imi i-.kn. a w<
Vii..~ ■, i IMBRIDGK M»N M * i- open t.. ADYIBE
IOKN It. ll. I u|ij ..i l-i.- , -Ad.llr..
Ml.. Iir Pi.
Mss. iii most Branohet of Literature < ON
BIDI RED foi PUBLICATION by well known LONDON
PUBLISHER .,ii »i-. i.,l leruu oi Purchased out with
full poll, ulai -. ROOKS, Boi in-. Ml,. .
limb line- i I. in. . i
UIK)l:'l ll.WD. l'l:|\ \| i: »i.< 1:1 I ' 1:11 E8.
O ■prclally trained In f a illain, and all
.Into- Ladles and Gentlemen of good familv and superior edui
red on applieal to THE HEAD MASTER OK THE
BUI I i-n -i HOOLS m COMMERI E foi the Nobilitj
t, W. Tel in i Garrard.
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK and INDEXING -An HERBRIDG1
s. i Tripoal, Ki, Comluit street, Bond Btreet, London, W
®lipf-(i(flritfrG. tfet.
TEE CO-OPERATIVE TV PE-WRITER8, Ltd.
[00 PARTNERSHIP BOOTETT),
CECIL HOUSE, 116, HIGH HOLBORN, W.Q
(Over Meaan. Lilh-y 4 Skinner's.)
BHORTHAND, TYPING, DUPLICATING, TRANSLATING,
TRACING, 4c.
A limited number of Pupils taken.
"Living Wage." Little overtime No work given out offices well
lighted and healthy. MSS. kept in fireproof safe. Efficient Staff.
TYPE- WRITING, M. per 1,000 words. All
kinds of MSS., STORIES. PLAYS. Ac. accurately TYPED.
Carbons. Id. |icr l.ooo. Beet references.— M. KING 7, Corona Villas,
Pinner Road, Harrow.
A UTHORS' MSS. , NOV ELS, S TORIES, PLAYS,
A ESSAY'S TYPE WRITTEN with complete accuracy 9d. i>er
1,000 words. Clear Carbon Copies guaranteed. References to well-
known Writers.— M. STUART, Thirlbank Roxborough Road, Harrow
AUTHORS' MSS., 9fi. per 1,000 words.
SERMONS, PLAYS, ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPED at home (Remington). Good pajier. Orders promptly exe-
cuted.— M. L. L., 7, Vernon Road ; now known as 18, Edgeley Road,
Clapham. B.W.
TV 1 'E- WRITING undertaken by highly educated
Women (Classical Tripos ; Cambridge Higher Local ; Modern
Languages). Research. Revision, Translation. Dictation Room. —
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPEWRITING AGENCY', 10. Duke Street,
idelphi, W.O.
Authors' Mantis.
A UTHORS, Published and Unpublished, in need
-CX of GUIDANCE and ASSISTANCE, should write for particulars
to THE AUTHORS' ADVISORY BUREAU, conducted by Mr.
GORDON RICHARDS, for many years Literary Reader and for
some time Fiction Editor of the Messrs. Hannsworth. assisted by
Mr. WILKINSON SHERREN*. Member of the Society of Authors.
Fiction a speciality.— Address 20, Buckingham Street, 'West Strand,
London, \\ .0.
rPHE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
-I. The interests of Authors capably represented. Agreements for
Publishing arranged. Mss. placed with Publishers.— Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. BORGHES, 34, Paternoster Row
MR. GEORGE LARNER, Accountant and
Licensed Valuer to the Bookselling, Publishing, Newspaper
ranting, and stationery Trades. Partnerships Arranged. Balance
Sheets and rrading Accounts Prepared and Audited. All Business
cam. -.1 ..ut under Mr. Lanier's personal supervision. 98 -jh and :to
alemoster Row, E.C, Secretary to the Booksellers' Provident
institution.
lUtospapir ^ttts.
n MITCHELL & CO., Agents for the Sale and
J-'» Purchase of NewBpapar Properties, undertake Valuations for
Probate or Purchase, Investigations and Audit or' Account-. &c. Card
of Terms on application.
Mitchell House. 1 and 2. Snow nill. Holliorn Viaduct E c.
NEWSPAPER PROl'ERTI E S
BOUGHT. SOLD, VALUED, AND SUPPLIED WITH
EVERY REQUISITE.
The London Agency of an additional limited number of Provincial
and Colonial Newspa]>crs can lie undertaken.
Full particulars from
THE IMPERIAL NEWS AGENCY,
2 and •». Tudor Street, London, E.C.
A TH KNiEUM PRESS.^TOHN EDWARD
XX. FRANCIS. Printer of the Ath. mrum. Sotrn awl CJiotici, 4c is
prepared to S BafIT ESTIM \Tl's for all kinds of lioolv. NEWS
gdPEWODICAL I'RINTING.-l.i, Bream's Ruildings, Chancery
Cataloguta.
TUST PUBLISHED, THE INTERNATIONAL
*' BOOK CIRCULAR. No. 142, containing a Clamlfled List of
NEW and numerous valuable SECOND-HAND BOOKS. Specimen
Kiatis.-\\ ILLIAMS k NORGATE, Book [mporteiB, 14 Henrietta
Btreet, Covenl Garden. W.O.
BOOKS. —All OUT-OF-PRINT and RARE
BOOKS on any subject SUPPLIED. The most expert Ro..kfin.lcr
extant. Please stntewants and ask for CATALOGUE I make a -pc. ial
feature of exchanging any Saleable Hooks for others selected from niv
various Li-ts. Siwiinl Li^t of 4,000 H.~.ks 1 particularly want imst free".
— EDW. BAKER'SGreat Roekshoii. 14-16, John Bright Btreet, Birming-
ham. Oscar Wilde's Poems. Da., for 8a ikf. [only u-w Issued).
HH. PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street, Leioester,
. issues CATALOGUES of MSS and HARK BOOKSpost free
to Book Collectors. No. 17 includes MS. Testament from Evesham,
and other MSS.— Early Printing— Gowit, Confcssio Amantis. 1.S.VI. 4c.
X »00, Ma. .''I, 1906
06
LBIOHTO n
I LLU81 RA1 ED CATALOGUE i EARLY
1 PRIMTEDan I. then IN7I .1:1 . :1TH.
«i„l HINDI
■ 1 1.1 I- > • j: BALI 1 \
J. 4 .1 ll 11.11 |.,n iderj Kqnan
Kith ui.»Bidi of \.XX> Rrjirvductioiia
iiiillc
Bound in art cloth, jrilt toi«. as.. : ludf nioru™, wilt Vu\». X«,
I*art X lllu»tr»liotu.
■
FIRST EDITIONS of MODERN AUTHORS,
IlK-lll
IraUsl Ii) O mil It Th*
1
l.i .1,1 1
WAL'l
CATALOGUE No. 45. D I _M.»Miigs,
and Hooks in. lu.l
Plat's of Till I, .1 ■ 1.1 |;| i
Ruskin, &• Po I IRD, - < I.
Hi. line. ii. I Surri ■>.
READERS and COLLECTORS will find it t«
their advantage to writ< fw .1 BALDWIN'S MOM HI. Y
i ITALOGI I - I SECOND-HAND IWMiKH, wnt i--t free ■ n >ll4iea-
tion I'^«jk« in all Branrbes of Literature. Genuine haraaiu* in
I Irst Editions. Koolu- M-nt on approval if drvired.—
Address, u. Osbome Road, Leyton, Ei>»ex.
TUST PUBLISHED. B. H. BLACKWE1
*' MONTHLY LIST -I SECOND HAM I I M'RII,
containing Englisl Part I. Addison to L
Biography. Natural History, 8] n
Also MONTHLY LIST of NEW BOOK£ Ei glu-h and Foreign!
published during APRIL
■0 and si. Broad Street. Oxford.
ANCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Colled
Xx. and Antiquarians are invited to appli : SPINK i
Limiteil. for S]iecimen Copy nrratisi of their Nl'MISMA'
LAR. The finest Greek, Roman, and English Coins on View and for
Sale at Moderate Prices.— SPINK 4 SON. Limited, E*i«-rU. Valuers,
and Cataloguers, K, 17. and is, Piccadilly, London, W. EsUbusbed
upwards of a Century.
Books: books; books*
GREAT VARIETY. LOW PR* -
PUBLISHER? REMAINDElt STo< K-
I Ibrnprisfalg all kinds of Literature.
ALL BOOKS IN NEW CONDITION AS WHEN PUBLISHED.
FREOUENT CATALOGUES. Write or calL
WILLIAM GI.AISHER.
Remainder and Discount Bookt.eller.36S, High Holbom. London.
£25 000 J am prepared ' PURCHASE
o^iH/,WO. to thi( :llll(„lllt f,ir ., „e.,pi
forming Collection, fine SPECIMENS of OLD SEVRES. Dresden, or
Oriental China, Figures, Groups I'tue Bronte Fiirui
Fancy prices given, immediate oa*h. — Write first inst
ROCHELLE THOMAS, 11, King street. St. James's Bquan
iTwo Doors from Christie's*. Hankers, Capital and Count'. -
WANTED, OLD OAK CUPBOARD8
V T with Perforated liisirs. known as Livery or Rread-and-Cheese
Cupboards : also BA< ON 1 I PBOARD8 anj condition.
Fine OLD WELSH or YORKSHIRE DR1 8S1 R8 • ith Original
Hacks, also required.
Address, giving full particulars, to Box 85. Thrower's Aihertising
Offices, 20, Imperial Buildings, Ludeate Circus. London. 1
TO PUBLISHERS AND OTHERS.— TO BE
LET, in the heart of the Citv. and within a few yards of
Ludgate Hill a large SHOP, BASEMENT, and FIRST and SE<
FRONT FLOORS Of a newll erected handsome Building, admirably
suited for Bookselling. Publishing, or similar business.— For further
particulars apply to the SECRET ART, Sand 60, Old Bailej
BATH.— EXCEPTIONAL OFFER for reniaioder
of Lease. Fifteen Months (Option of renewal of tenancy at
expiration of Lease if desired). TO LET. UNFURNISHED li
thoroughly well decorated throughout, all modern appliances. Three
Kecoption and Six Bedrooms, 4c. 6SL, or near offer. — Apply
Foreneld House. Bath.
M'
Hairs btj JUtrttDit.
Engrnwm
ESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HOI x;E
i->L will SELL bj Al< TION, at their House. No. l.t. Wellington
Street. Strand, W.C., on MONDA1 M n SS, and Two Foil
Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, EN'GR \\ ING8 Framed and in the Port-
folio', comprising Mezzotint and other Portraits, after Sir .'. Reynolds.
D. Gardner, sir T. Lawrence. R. Cosway, and others Plate* from
J. M. W. Turners Liber Studiorum— Engravings and Etchings after
celebrated old Masters — Fancy Subjects of the English School,
including a Collection of Bngravina after H. Bunfaary. many in fine
proof stati — Modern Etchings, by .'. M. Whistler. Seymour Haden,
Meryon, D V Cameron, and others— Scrap-Books, containing
lections of Portnit*. kc, some relating to America Early Eru
Portraits, by Elstrackc. S Pass, TA Faithome, W. Hollar b Draw-
ings in Water Colours, and S few Miniatures, by It. Collins and
ot tiers.
May be \ie«isl Cataluguea may lie had.
The CoUution ■<> Book- Plates (tx-IAbrm) of the latt
JULIAS MARSHALL, I
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON A HODGE
will SELL b\ AUCTION bv order of the Executors). a< their
House, No. 13, Wellington Street. Strand. W.c . on MONDAY,
May 'JS. and Three Following Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, the well-
known extensive and valuable COLLECTION of Rook PI
lex-Librta) of the late JULIAN MARSHALL, Esq.. Relsiic A'
N W.
May be viewed two days prior, catalogue- price lis. each) maybe had.
Drawings, tim property of a ttrli-hioirn CMfeotar.
ESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON 4 HODGE
will SELL bv AUCTION, at their House. No 1 :. Wellington
Street. Strand. W.c. on THURSDAY. May M, at 1 o'clock pr.
DRAWINGS, Framed and in the Portfolio, including many from
Famous Collections, the Property of a well known COLLECTOR ; »ls»
Original Drawings by T Stothard, Drawings by old Masters, 4c: and
■ few Engravings and Etchings.
May K" vieweil two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
M
N°4100, May 26, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
627
Bare and valuable Books, including a Selection, the Property
of the late JOHN LIN NELL, Esq., Jun., removed from
Redhill (by order of the Executors).
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms. 115, Chancery Lane. W.C., on
MONDAY, TUESDAY, and THURSDAY, May 28, 29, and 31, at
1 o'clock, RARE and VALUABLE BOOKS, comprising Hoare's
History of Ancient and Modern Wiltshire, 8 vols.— Macleay's Coloured
Portraits of the Highlanders of Scotland, 2 vols.— handsome Folio
Books of Engravings— a fine Set of the Art Journal from the Com-
mencement in 1839 to 1903— Bury' a Views on the Liverpool and Man-
chester Railway, and other Books with Coloured Plates— Two
Fifteenth-Century Hora?, on vellum, with Miniatures — Higden's
Polychronicon, Wynkyn de Worde, 1495— scarce Books in Early
English Literature— Seventeenth-Century Tracts and Pamphlets—
Sterne's Tristram Shandy, First Editions of Vols. III. -IX.. 1761-7. in
the Original Wrappers, uncut— *are Americana — Five Autograph
Letters from Lord Nelson— Blake's Poetical Sketches, First Edition.
1783, Illustrations of the Book of Job, 1*26, and others by or relating
to the same, the Property of the late JOHN LINNELL. Esq., Jun. ;
Lamb's Elia, 1823, and other First Editions of Swift, Carlyle, &c—
Issues from the Vale, Doves, and otker Modern Presses — Burton's
Arabian Nights, Original Edition, 1G vols.— Library Editions of the
Works or Historical Writings of Spenser, Milton. Landor, Freeman,
Lecky, Ranke, Prcscott. Oreville, and others— Audubon's Quadrupeds
of America, 3 vols.— Seebohm's British Birds, 4 vols., and others
similar— Series of Notes and Queries, The Athena;um, Geographical
Society's Journal, &c.
To be viewed and Catalogues had.
British Lepidoptera.
TUESDAY NEXT, at 1 o'clock.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER, at his
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden. London, W.C., the
COLLECTION of BRITISH LEPIDOPTKRA formed by the late Rev.
JOSEPH GREENE. MA. F.E.S Author of 'The Insect Hunter's
Companion'; also the small COLLECTION formed by the late J. A.
HELPS, Esq., together with the Mahogany Cabinets, 4c, in which
they.are contained.
On view day prior 10 till 4 and morning of Sale. Catalogues on
application.
Sales of Miscellaneous Property.
MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
SALES are held EVERY FRIDAY, at his Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden. London, W.C., for the disposal of MICRO-
SCOPES. SLIDES, and OBJECTIVES — Telescopes — Theodolites-
Levels — Electrical and Scientific Instruments — Cameras, Lenses, and
all kinds of Photographic Apparatus— Optical Lanterns with Slides
and all Accessories in great variety by Best Makers — Household
Furniture — Jewellery — and other Miscellaneous Property.
On view Thursday 2 to 5 and morning of Sale.
Valuable Books, including a Library removed from the
North of England.
ESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
M
by AUCTION, at their Galleries, 47, Leicester Square, W.C., on
WEDNESDAY, June 6, and Following Day, at ten minutes past 1
o'clock precisely, valuable BOOKS, including Gray's Elegy, First
Edition, 1751— Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield, 2 vols.. First Edition,
1 Tim— Gould's Birds of Great Britain, 5 vols.— Fine Examples of Early
Printing — Works on Costume — a Presentation Volume from
Napoleon I., with Autograph Inscription— Works on Bibliography,
Travel. Science, the Fine Arts. &c— Ei-Libris— various Editions of
Shakespeare's Plays, and other important items,
MESSRS CHRISTIE, MANSON & WOODS
respectfully give notice that they will hold the following
SALES by AUCTION, at their Great Rooms, King Street, St. James's
Square, the Sales commencing at 1 o'clock precisely :—
On MONDAY, May 28, RHODIAN, EARLY
PERSIAN, and other FAIENCE, the Property of Mrs. CHARLES
ClUTi'HETT.
On TUESDAY, May 29, ENGRAVINGS
AFTER MEISSoNIER. and of the EARLY ENGLISH SCHOOL.
On WEDNESDAY, May 30, PORCELAIN,
OBJ El TS OF ART, DECORATIVE FURNITURE, and TAPESTRY.
On WEDNESDAY, May 30, valuable BOOKS
of JULIAN SENIOR, Esq., deceased, and THOMAS HOADE
WOODS
On THURSDAY, May 31, OLD PICTURES,
the Property of a GENTLEMAN.
^agasiius, &r.
THE BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine Street,
London W.0„ May '26, contains : —
The New Vauxhall Bridge; Notes from Rome: The Report of the
London Traffic Commission {Institute of Architects) ; The Burlington
Fine-Arts Club; Competition for New Premises for the British
Medical 1 sociation; Mathematical Data for Architects [Student's
' lolumn) ; Illustrations of Model of Architectural Pavilion, Williamson
Park. Lancaster : "Hjes," ttudgwick, Sukm-x ; New Rectory, Engrave,
Brentwood; Hill Church, Sutton ('oldficld. Ac.— From Office as above
[4d.\ by [Mist 4jd.| : or through any Newsagent.
MR EDWARD ARNOLD'S
NEW BOOKS.
SECOND IMPRESSION IN THE PliESS.
THROUGH INDIA WITH
THE PRINCE.
By G. F. ABBOTT,
Special Correspondent of the Calcutta Statesman,
Author of ' The Tale of a Tour in Macedonia,'
With many Illustrations. Demy 8to, 12s. W. net.
SIR JOSHUA FITCH.
An Account of his Life and Work.
By A. L. LILLE Y, M.A.
With Portrait. Large crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. net.
STANDARD.— "The book should be read by all who
have any interest in educational questions."
SHAKESPEARE AND HIS
DAY.
A Study of the Topical Element in Shakespeare
and in the Elizabethan Drama.
By J. A. DE ROTHSCHILD,
Trinity College, Cambridge.
Crown 8vo, 5*. net.
THE JENEID OF VIRGIL.
With a Translation by
CHARLES J. BILLSON, M.A.,
Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
2 vols, crown 4to, 30«'. net.
SOME DOGMAS OF RELIGION.
By JOHN ELLIS McTAGGART, Litt.D., Lecturer in
Moral Sciences, Trinity College, Cambridge. Demy 8vo,
10«. 6d. net.
London: EDWARD ARNOLD,
41 and 43, Maddox Street, W.
ri OLGOTHA AND THE HOLY SEPULCHRE.
With Plan of Jerusalem and Illustrations.
By the late Major-General Sir CHARLES W. WILSON,
K.C.B. K.C.M.G. F.R.S. D.C.L. LLD., Ac.
Demy Svo, price 68. net ; by post, 6s. id.
In this work the Author has brought together for the first time
all the evidence which the most exhaustive research enabled him to
collect bearing on the subject of these Holy Sites ; and probably no
man living bail at once so intimate a knowledge of all investigations
in the modern Jerusalem, and so complete an acquaintance with what
has been written about the Sites from the time of Constantine
onwards.
PALESTINE EXPLORATION FUND,
38, Conduit Street, London, W.
In 2 vols, crown 8vo, with 2 Portraits, 24s.
TOHN FRANCIS AND THE 'ATHEN/EUM.'
tl A Literary Chronicle of Half a Century.
By JOHN C. FRANCIS.
MACMILLAN k CO., Limitkd, London.
ANNOUNCEMENT
OF A NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF
QUO V A D I S?
Mr. JOHN LANE will publish immediately an English rendering
of Sienkiewicz1 s Great Novel,
THE FIELD OF GLORY.
if tcukiew'CZ is best known to English readers as the author of the
Masterpiece ' Quo Vadis ? '
JOHN LANE, The Bodley Head, London ; and New York.
BEG TO ANNOUNCE THAT
THEY HAVE
ON VIEW
AT THEIR GALLERIES,
170, NEW BOND STREET
THE
TRAPNELL
COLLECTION
o p
OLD CHINESE
PORCELAIN.
ADMISSION ON PRESENTATION OF
VISITING CARD ONLY.
OPEN DAILY 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.
SATURDAY 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
S.GORERZrSON
170, NEW BOND STREET
LONDON, W.
628
Til K ATHENJEUM
N°4100, May 26. 1906
MACMILLAN & CO. S
NEW Hooks.
[88U1 MOW READY.
THE
STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK.
Ntatlctica] .mil Historical annual of ttir Btate* nf tii*
World, for Iha Year 180ft Edited bj J. BOOT! Kl'.l.TIK,
l.l.l). WtthMapa Crown gro, 10s. <«/. nab
LIFE & EXPERIENCES OF
SIR HENRY ENFIELD
R0SC0E, D.C.L. LL.D. F.R.S.
Written bj Himself. With Photogravure Portraits and
♦illier [llUHtrationa. Bvo, 12*. net.
ENGLISH MEN OF LETTERS.— New VoL
WALTER PATER.
Bj A. c. BENSON. Crown 8to, it, net.
HENRY SIDGWICK: a Memoir.
By A. S. and K. M. S. With Portraits. 8vo, 12*. M. net.
A HISTORY OF
ENGLISH PROSODY
From the Twelfth Century to the Present Day.
Hy CKOKCK SAINTSIU'KY, M.A. Hon.U,.I>., Professor
•f Rhetoric and English Literature in the University of
Edinburgh. 8 vols. 8ro. Vol.1. FROM THE ORIGINS
TO SPENSER. 10*. net
A HANDBOOK OF
BRITISH INLAND BIRDS.
By ANTHONY COLLECT. With Coloured and Outline
l'iates of Kgga by ERIC PARK KK. down Svo, 6*.
ACADEMY.— " Quite the best handbook that has been
published. No boy could desire a more faithful or more
pleasing companion."
WITH COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS.
ELIZABETH AND HER
GERMAN GARDEN.
With Coloured Illustrations by s. HARMON VEDDER.
Extra crown svo, 7*. (i<i. net.
THE WRONG ENVELOPE^
And other Stories.
By MRS. MOLESWORTH.
( Irown Svo, 6x.
[Tuesday.
EVERSLET SERIES.— New Vol.
EIGHT DRAMAS OF
GALDERON.
Freely Translated by EDWARD FITZGERALD. Globe
Svo, 4v. net.
NEW NOV KL BY THE AUTHOR OF'TUE VIRGINIAN.'
LADY BALTIMORE.
By OWEN WISTER. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, 6*.
STANDARD. "This second book of Mr. Wister's is a
genuine triumph."
NEW BOOK BY GOLDWIN SMITH.
IN QUEST OF LIGHT.
Crown Svo, 4*. net.
JUXE XUilBEH HEADY OX TUESDAY.
THE CENTURY MAGAZINE.
Illustrated. Trice Is. 4rf. Annual Subscription, lflj.
The JUNE Number oontoino-
BROWNING. ByJeanie Peet
A FRENCH RIVER, The lovely Maine from its Source
to Paris. By ELIZABETH KOIUNS PBNNELL.
Pictures b] JOSEPH PBNNELL.
THE NEGRO ami THE SOUTH. Bj HARRY STILL-
WELL EDWARDS.
And numerous other Stories a nil Articles of General Interest
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd., Louden.
HURST & BLACKETTS
NEW LIST.
— -♦ —
In 1 vol. n.yul Hvo, with numerous Illustrat
Iroiii Photographs taken especially foi this IxxiU.
PORFIRIO DIAZ, Seven Times
President of Mexico. Bv Mis. ALEC
rWEEDIE, Author of ' Mexico .is I Saw It,'
fif. Trice 'J I*, net .
Iii 1 \oi. demy 4to, eloth, silf top, oontaining n
Full-1'age Illustrations inColoui and 'M\ in Black
and White, reproduced from the finest known
Specimens, price 21. 2s. net.
THE FIRST CENTURY OF ENG-
LISH PORCELAIN, 1711 L80O. By W.
MOORE BINN8, Director of Fwnivak,
Limited, and late Art Director of the Royal
Porcelain Works, Worcester.
NEW EDITION, in 1 vol. medium Hvo, contain-
ing all the Text and most of the Illustrations,
price 10*. oV.
LHASA. By Perceval Landon.
SECOND EDITION, in 1 vol. crown Svo, with
numerous Illustrations, price &g. net.
SIX YEARS AT THE RUSSIAN
COURT. Personal Experiences. By M.
EAGAR.
In 1 vol. demy Svo, with numerous Illustrations,
price 10s. Oc/. net.
ENGLISH FURNITURE AND
FURNITURE MAKERS OF THE EIGH-
TEENTH CENTURY. By R. S. CLOUSTOX.
[hi (he press.
HUR8T & BLACKETT8
NEW AND POPULAR NOVELS
EACH IN 1 VOL., 6*.
THE GRIP OF FEAR. By Sydney H.
BTRCHKLL, Author of 'The Mistress of the Robes,'
Ac
THE SWEETEST SOLACE. By John
RANDAL, Author of 'Paciflco,' 'Aunt Bethia's
Button,' &c.
THE PREY OF THE STRONGEST By
MORLEY ROBERTS, Author of 'Rachel Man,' Ac.
A YOUNG MAN FROM THE COUNTRY.
By MADAME ALBANESI, Author of 'The Brown
Eves of Mary,' <fec.
JIMMY QUIXOTE. By Tom Gallon, Author
of 'Tatterley.'ivc.
THE FLOWER OF FRANCE. By Justin
HTNTEY MCCARTHY, Author of If I Were Ring,'
Ac.
THE BLACK CUIRASSIER. By Philip
STEVENSON, Author of ' A Gendarme of the King,'
Ac.
THE TRIUMPHS OF EUGENE VALMONT.
By ROBERT BARB, Author of 'A Prince of Good
Fellows,' 'The Mutable Many,' &c.
UNDER THE ARCH OF LIFE. By Lady
HENRY SOMERSET. \d Edition.
THE WHITE HAND. By Carl Joubert,
Author of 'Russia as It Really Is.'
THE DRAKESTONE. By Oliver Onions,
Author of 'The Compleat Bachelor,1 Ac.
Ad Edition.
IN SILENCE. By Mrs. Fred Reynolds,
Author of 'The Man with the Wooden l'ace,' StC
[Stoma Edition.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
BOOKS FOR THE TOURIST
AND TRAVELLER.
SPAIN.
MODERN SPAIN.
i. Ifa M M'.'i in HUME a He*
Edition. With Portraits of the King and
ii, and a D6V I'l'Ii' a. i the
.Nations.''
SAUNTERINGS IN SPAIN-
Barcelona, Madrid. Toledo,
Cordova, Seville, Granada.
Bj sfajoi General BEYMOUR Dlnsti
Demy Svo, LOs. <></. net.
BRITISH EAST AFRICA.
SPORT AND TRAVEL :
Abyssinia, and British East Africa.
By Lord HINDLIT, P.RG.& I ./->. Illus-
trated and with Maps. Demy Bro, 21a net.
BRITISH EAST AFRICA:
Past, Present, and Future.
By Lord HINDU T. F.RG.& V.7. .& Orown
Svo, 3s. <i'/. net.
CHINA.
CHINA.
By Prof. R. K. DOUGLAS. With a New
Preface and a Chapter on Recent E
ol Illustrations and a Map. " Story of t he-
Nations." Ss.
ROUND ABOUT MY
PEKING GARDEN.
By Mrs. ARCHIBALD LITTLE. Fully illus-
trated. Second Impression. Demy 9
L5& net.
RUSSIA.
FIRE AND SWORD
IN THE CAUCASUS.
By LUIGI VILLARI, Author of • T
Under the Great Shadow.' With !»."> Illus-
trations. Demy Svo, H)s. Qd. net.
SIBERIA.
A Record of Travel, Climbing,
and Exploration
By SAMUEL TURNER, F.R.(;.s. With
Illustrations and Maps. Demy Svo. _M-. net,
GREAT BRITAIN.
FISHING IN SCOTLAND.
By PHILIP GEEN. A companion volume bo
' Fishing in Ireland.' Illustrated S& titL net.
BY MOOR AND FELL.
Landscape and Lang-Settle Talk
in West Yorkshire.
By BALLIWELL SUTCLIFFE. Illustrated.
Seoond Edition. Crown S\
CONWAY AND COOLIDGE'S
CLIMBERS GUIDES.
Edited by Sir WILLIAM M. OONWAY and
the Rev. W. A B OOOLIDGE, 32mo, cloth,
Rls. each.
List o/tit/i.< . ■< njiplkaiion.
T. FISHER UNWIN, I, Adelpbi Terrace, London.
N°4100, May 26, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
629
SATURDAY, MAY M, 1906.
CONTENTS
PAGE
629
630
031
633
A History ok English Prosody
Mr. Bodley ox the Church in France
The Complete Cricketer
The Egyptian Heaven and Hell
New Novels (Ring in the New ; The Mystery of a
Motor-Car ; In Subjection ; Tracks in the Snow ;
Beyond the Rocks ; Richard Baldock ; The Magic
Island ; Criniinel ?) 633—634
Travel 634
Glides 636
Ocr Library Table (Sidelights on the Home Rale
Movement ; Joseph Chamberlain, an Honest Bio-
graphy ; The Jottings of an Old Solicitor ; Two
French Books on the Religious Crisis ; Essays in
the Making ; New Editions) 638—639
List or New Books 639
Henry Gocgh ; Unpublished Letters of Charles
Lamb; The Birth-Year ok Henry V.; 'A
History ok Modern Liberty' .. .. 639—640
Literary Gossip 640
Science— Research Notes; Societies; Meetings
Next Week ; Gossip 642—643
Fine Arts— Drawings at Messrs. Paterson's ;
The Royal Academy ; Sales; Gossip .. 643—644
Music— Schumann Festival at Bonn; Gossip;
Performances Next Week 645—646
Drama— Boy O'Cakkoll; The Lonely Million-
aires; Othello; Shore Acres; Hazi.itt's
View ok the English Stage; Henrik Ibsen;
Gossip 646—648
Index to Advertisers . . 648
LITERATURE
A History of English Prosody from the
Twelfth Century to the Present Day.
By George Saintsbury.— Vol. I. From
the Origins to Spenser. (Macmillan &
Co.)
If any one doubts whether the writer of
this book was the right person to under-
take so difficult and contentious a task,
he has only to read the latter part of
note 1 on p. 561. " It is inexpressible,"
says this note,
" what a joy the first occurrence of such
rhythms as ' Vi | kel and frak | el and wok |
and les,' of such an internal rhyme as ' Under
molde hi liggeth colde,' gives one. The very
bones of an Englishman under the cold
mould itself ought to start and tremble at
the hearing of them."
From this passion for form, from this
energy of sympathy to which the forms
of the twelfth century are as vital as the
poetry of the twentieth, nothing in the
whole history of versification can escape ;
there will be, one realizes, no dry or dead
page in a book written by so ardent a
lover of what to most people, and even
to most scholars, is a dry or dead subject.
And the very defects, as a critic, of one to
whom ideas are so much less interesting
than literature, will be found actually
aiding in a task concerned with things so
abstract and so definite at once as the
vehicle and vesture of the finer part of
literature, poetry. In the preface to the
second volume of his 'History of Criti-
cism,' Prof. Saintsbury defended himself
against a critic who had objected to him
that he " treated literature as something
by itself." His defence was " to admit
the impeachment, and to declare thai
this is the very postulate of my book."
And he lamented that, after all, literature
could not be " absolutely isolated." Here,
then, is part of the material and sub-
stance of literature which is, in the full
sense, " something by itself," which can
be " absolutely isolated." The critic who
has never been entirely satisfying when
he dealt with literature finds himself at
last face to face with a subject " made to
his hand." The result, so far as the first
volume allows us to judge of it, is a thing
complete and convincing beyond any
former work from the same hand. "Hardly
any one, who takes a sufficient interest in
prosody to induce him to read this book "
(how many of such readers are there,
among those who " read verse, and think
they understand " ?), will fail to find it
absorbing, and even entertaining, as only
one other book on the subject of versifica-
tion is : the ' Petit Traite de Poesie
Francaise ' of Theodore de Banville.
Banville was a poet, and there is some
excuse for thinking that a poet has the
first claim to be heard on any subject
connected with poetry. In English,
Coventry Patmore and Mr. Bridges have
written invaluable fragments on versifica-
tion ; but they have written only fragments,
and each has been to some extent engaged
in defending his own practice as a poet.
Mr. Saintsbury comes forward with no
better authority than that of being a
Professor of Rhetoric, confessing that he
has been " a little helped, but more
hindered, by his earlier professional duties
as a critic and journalist." But at least
he sets out with no game of his own to
play, and at least he gives us all the facts
on which he has formed his opinions, with
fair leave to dispute them where we can.
Above all, he gives them chronologically,
a treatment in which apparent lack of
system is a practical gain in method, for
it allows us to see language and versifica-
tion growing together. So disinterested
and consecutive an examination of the
whole subject has not previously been
supplied ; and it is further to be noted
that the examination sets out from the
only proper starting-point, that of the
examiner fully conscious of " the main
business of the poet, which is to get
poetical music out of the language which
he uses."
One of the main qualities of Prof.
Saintsbury's book is what may be called
its practicalness. " In this book," he
says, with something of customary petu-
lance, but truly, " we do not rope-dance,
but keep to solid paths, and where the
paths are not solid we do not care to walk."
Questions of abstract theory are brushed
aside with perhaps unnecessary contempt ;
but, as these are questions which have
been already sufficiently dealt with by
others, does this very much matter ? The
main value of the book is that it is a firm
denial, and, as it seems to us, complete
disproof, of " the error that the prosody
of English is a fixed syllabic prosody."
It is on this error that the great practical
heresy of the eighteenth century founded
itself ; it is on this error that theorists,
to this very day, base their condemnation
of precisely what is most characteristic in
English versification. Where English
versification differs from, for example,
French, is in the fact that its liberty to
vary the time of its cadences, either by a
pause equivalent to two syllables (or one
foot) or by the substitution of three for
two syllables in a foot, is really liberty,
and not licence — that it is freedom under
the law, and not the freedom of an
outlaw. We discover here the metre
of English poetry arising, not in a direct
evolution from the alliterative measure
of Anglo-Saxon " recitative," nor yet
from the Latin and French systems of
prosody, " the rhythm of the foreigner,"
but from the contest and gradual co-
alescence of the two, in a form which is
to be seen struggling into existence as
early as the twelfth century, and which
is to be found still in existence, without
radical change, at the present day.
The most important part of the book —
for it is the foundation of the whole scheme
— is the detailed and unprejudiced exami-
nation of the earliest known fragments of
English (as distinguished from Anglo-
Saxon) poetry, beginning with the Canute
song of 1167 and the St. Godric fragments
of 1170. In these Prof. Saintsbury shows
the emergence of the " foot," or the
" two classes of sound- values," " longs
and shorts,"
" the juxtaposition of wThich, on no matter
what system, constitutes what most people
call poetry, and what all who use the terms
call rhythmical and metrical writings."
He shows that no such juxtaposition of
sound-values is to be found in the Anglo-
Saxon alliterative verse, while it is common
to the verse of every other European
language. And his contention is that
the special characteristic of English verse,
that unparalleled union of strict measure
with legalized freedom within that
measure, is due to the gradual, partly
unconscious and partly conscious, " im-
posing of the mould of metre — of regular
rhythm — on the loose and shifting cadences
of Anglo-Saxon poetry." He tells us, at
the first,
" not so much the story of men who are
deliberately endeavouring to conform to a
particular prosodic system as that of men
who are writing with tw7o entirely different
systems in their ears and before their eyes ;
who have lost complete executive grasp of
the older ; w*ho have not gained complete
executive grasp of the younger ; but who
exemplify the one, then the other, accordingly
as the respective tendency is uppermost."
He shows us how
" there was something in the English genius
which held it back from, which disenclined
it to, the regular syllabic uniformity of
French,"
and how
" clearly something had survived from the
old versicular prosody which the national
ear, modified as it had been, was not pre-
pared to abandon. And this something,
as the patient examination of the facts should
clearly show, was the preference Of appa-
rently, though by no means really, irregular
length of time t<> the cast iron uniformity of
1 he French, and to some extent of Low Latin
likewise. This might be done by omission
of syllables, or even of whole feet (anacrusis
and eatalexis) at tin- beginning or end of
lines, or it might be done by the substitution
Til E ATI! ENiEUlfl
N*4100, Mai 20, 1906
Of t risj ll.-iluc, or in s .• ciiscm 8VtO uppu-
nrid\ monosyllabic, feel for disyllabic.'
Anil he shows 00, U the 1 1 < > i in . not llir
exception, of English versification, the
v met re of ( 'oleridge's ' ( 'hristahel,'
five hundred yean before its time, in the
thirteenths lentoi v poem of 'Genesis and
ESxoduB.'
What is essential in t liis argument, where
it differs from theories like Guest's and
like that of Prof. Bkeat, is summed up
in this sentence : —
■ The differences of Engli • ol looo
and English verse of 1 .'><•(» an- diffi rences
of nature and kind : the dilTerenees of
l-aiL-hsh verse of l.'ino and 1900 ar<- mere
differences <>t praetioe and accomplishment
And this difference is the substitution,
" for prosody by versiclee with accent, but
without appreciable metrical rhythm of the
moilern kind, of a prosody by 'feet ' with
rhyme, arranged on a distinct and inter-
changeable- system."
In his explanation of these changes, and
of the whole development, Prof. Saints-
bury contends — very plausibly, as we
think — that his own division by feet rather
than by section or by accent is a difference
" real, vital, irreconcilable," and that,
" historically and logicallj-, the foot-division
will give a coherent, a consistent, and a con-
tinuous explanation of English metrical
prosody, while the accent-division will not."
It may, after all, be questioned whether
the theories of accent and of feet are so
wholly irreconcilable as Prof. Saintsbury
wishes to think ; where, however, his
system avoids a danger of the other,
is in its wise refusal to consider any
one syllable by itself. This denial of
the separate and distinguishable metrical
existence of single syllables, apart from
their context, the necessity of scanning
not by syllables, but by groups of syllables,
has already been emphasized with good
effect in a book not always in agreement
with this one : Mr. Rudmose-Brown's
' Etude comparee de la Versification
Francaise et de la Versification Anglaise,'
reviewed in The Athenaeum of Septem-
ber 16th, 1905.
It is on this foundation, then, that
Prof. Saintsbury has raised his structure,
and the structure is not less carefully
shaped than the foundation is solidly laid.
The volume now published — the first of
three — ends with Spenser, and it is hardly
too much to say that the chapters on
Chaucer and Spenser, the two great poets
of the period, admirable as those chapters
are, have scarcely more importance and
interest than the chapters on the fifth-
rate successors of Chaucer and on the
Italian influences that preceded Spenser.
Nothing is more valuable than the in-
sistence everywhere on the help of even
bad experiments in the evolution of prosody
and the retrograde force of even the best
achievements when, like Chaucer's, they
pointed backward, or at most summed up
known results, rather than, as with
Spenser, indicated new directions. Prof.
Saintsbury dwells, with significant empha-
sis, on certain moments of crisis : the
moment when Chaucer finally " tuned "
the instrument of English versification
in his " TroiluS and ( 'ressida ; t he moment
When tin- ballad-writers set the English
tunes free from fir nd the moment
when the strict sonnet came <>\ci t..
limits to improvisation. He overlooks
nothing that has been supremely well done,
whether it be a single line ; a stanza ; a
put-in still not generally known, like the
it ' ' 'anil,' " 1 sing of a maiden " ; or
two poems well known as the ' I'io-
thalamion ' and the ' Epithalamion,1 hut
rarely distinguished from one another wit h
such precision as in the paragraph l
devoted to them. His enthusiasm for
Spenser, his perhaps excessive enthusiasm
for the Spenserian stanza, can only help
towards the appreciation of the least
popular among our great poets, whose
reputation has received some hard knocks
of late years. Full justice is done
to Gower, "who rarely gets it ; due
justice to Lydgate ; and due justice
also, in another sense, to Sackville. In
spite of something like an actual pre-
judice against alliterative measures, Prof.
Saintsbury recognizes the writer of ' Piers
Plowman ' at his full worth. And only
in occasional references to blank verse,
and in occasional searchings for alex-
andrines where they probably do not
exist (as in Chaucer), and preferences for
them where they certainly intrude (as in
the heroic couplet), do we find anything
that can be seriously called in question
throughout the whole of these many
weighings and valuings of the difficult
substances of poetic form. To prefer, as
a variation of decasyllabic verse, an
alexandrine to a line such as
Is it with thy kisses or thy tears ?
(the modern equivalent of the lines cited
from Chaucer) seems to us strange ; and
the controversial remarks on trisyllables,
elision, or slur, seem a little beside the
question. Surely elision in verse means,
not that two syllables are read as one, but
that they can be read as one ; and surely
it is the fact that they can be so read
which makes them permissible.
To the prosodists of more schools than
one, and chiefly to that school in which
Prof. Skeat still has weight, much of this
book will seem lawless and arbitrary.
That is because it traces the laws of growth
rather than sets up bounds for growth.
Where it is particularly good is in its
recognition of the principle of variation
(that " continual slight novelty " which
is the main thing in versification, as in
poetry itself) as really a principle, and
not the exception to a rule.
' That the prosody of English was a
prosody of strict correspondence in feet, yet
not of strict correspondence in syllables ;
that one main secret of success in it was the
variation of the pause " :
this we are shown, and shown again,
century by century, in its good result in
good poetry and in its bad result in
bad poetry, with a persistence and a con-
tinuity which can hardly fail to be con-
vincing.
We await the second and third
volumes of this admirable undertaking
with impatience. To stop reading it at
tin- end "f the firs! -.1.1111111- leaves one in
just such a .if it
been a novel of adventure, and not
v <<f tin- adventures of prosody. I
am myself quit 1 Prof. Saints-
bury, that English prosody 1- and ha*
been, a living thin;-, fm seven hundred
years at 1. . That he sees it living
is his supreme praise, and such pra
belongs to him only among historian
English vci
77/' Church in Fran',. By .J. E. I
Bodley. (< ionstable A *
Mb. Bodley states in the interest
preface in which he has drawn less
from his lectures at the Royal Institution
that the effort represented by his |
sent volume has once more laid him aside,
and that continued illness must further
retard his larger work begun eight yean
ago. As a reason for the immed
publication of this smaller contribution
to the history of the Church in Fra:
the author rightly says that then
no work suitable for English readers on
the Napoleonic Concordat and the recent
disestablishment of the Church by the
Separation Law. These documents them-
selves, with others, such as the Organic-
Articles, he prints in a useful appendix.
The merits of Mr. Bodley's book .
conspicuous : the drawbacks that we find
are the same as those which we pointed
out in our praise of his original ' France.'
He is, perhaps with justice, inclined to at-
tribute exclusively to Napoleon Bonaparte
some of the excellences of the centralized
organization of government in France,
suitable to the Latin civilization of it-
people. The share of Colbert and Louis
XIV. in the organization of a com-
munity to which the work of Richelieu
had given unity would be emphasized
by those who hold different views.
When we come from France, in our
general considerations, to the relation of
the Church with the State in France, we
again observe the tendency, as we think.
to treat the Consulate and the first years
of the Empire as a starting-point in matters
in which there was rather return to pie-
Revolution organization than fresh de-
parture. The Concordat and the Organic
Articles were, except in one important
point, a revival of the ancient Concordats
of the monarchy with the Pope. Mr.
Bodley makes some allusion to the
Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges and to
the Concordat of 1516 ; but passes over
the close resemblance between situations
which had previously existed in France
and that presented during the Consulate
to Napoleon. In his lectures Mr. Bodley
mentions the objections taken by the
Holy See to the Organic Articles of
1802, and says that Thiers declared that
all that was objected to on behalf of
the Church was to be found in Bossuet.
It is the case that the right of the
monarchy, and even of the lawyers, to
control the actions of the Church and of
the Pope himself in France was declared.
N° 4100, May 26, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
631
in the strongest terms, on many occasions
during the existence of the old monarchy.
This subject of the right of the State
was closely connected with that of the
liberties of the Gallican Church, and it is
the death and burial of Gallicanism that
Mr. Bodley commemorates in his volume
— the Separation Law having, in his
opinion, brought it to its end. We take
some objection to the phrase in which it
is alleged that the adviser of Napoleon,
Portalis, Minister of Public Worship,
would have been appropriately a minister
of Louis XIV., because he was " imbued
with the spirit of Gallicanism and of
Jansenism of a century earlier." LouisXIV.
was Gallican in greater or less degree
throughout his life, as was almost every
King of France or leading Frenchman of
the ancien regime ; but he was the per-
secutor of the Jansenists, and it was not
until after his death that their portraits
and biographies were allowed to appear
in the series representing the great men
of his reign, in which they were catalogued
in advance and spaces were left for them.
The Jansenists may have been Gallican,
but the fiercest Gallicans were so little
Jansenist that their difference with the
Church was wholly upon sovereignty7, and
not upon doctrine or upon habit of life.
There is, perhaps, some slight contra-
diction between some of Mr. Bodley's
passages and his statement that under the
Concordat of Napoleon the " clergy lost
all trace of their Gallican independence,
in spite of the Gallican origin and tendency
of the Organic Articles, and became an
entirely Ultramontane body." We agree,
however, that the conflict is more apparent
than real, inasmuch as under the Second
Empire the peculiar circumstances of the
mushroom reign gave to the Pope a power
in France which he had not possessed under
the kings or in the time of the first Napo-
leon. It is, then, we think, hardly the
case that by the Separation Law, " though
the work of anti-clericals " — " an Ultra-
montane Act " — "for the first time since
the French people became a nation the
Pope is the absolute master of the bishops
and clergy of France." But we may agree
that " Gallicanism, long declining, has
received " what seems to be its " death-
blow."
In this connexion Mr. Bodley writes
that the recent consecration by the present
Pope of fourteen French bishops was the
ceremony admitting the largest number of
persons to the high pastoral office since
the day of Pentecost. It may illustrate
our suggestion that the " restoration of
religion rt by Henri IV. and Sully, and
their Concordat, deserved to be classed
along with that of Napoleon, if we remind
historians that forty bishops were con-
secrated within a very short period under
Henri IV., although not in such large
batches, and that the Catholic Church
of France then received the power to
celebrate Mass in three hundred towns
and a thousand parishes where Mass
had been forbidden and proscribed :
a restoration which was shortly followed
by the forcible conversion of the whole
country of Beam. The very phrases
which were used of Napoleon had been
previously resorted to in order to describe
the changes made under Henri IV. The
memorandum of Pius VII. written for
Napoleon in Paris in 1804 expressly
offered to the Emperor the example of
Henri IV. for the administration of the
new laws.
We fail, then, to follow Mr. Bodley
completely in thinking that the Concordat
was " a work of stupendous genius," in
the sense of being a new departure. It
states in the Latin and French versions,
as given by Mr. Bodley, the desire to
follow mainly the laws or customs
regulating the Church before the Revolu-
tion. But these suggestions of ours do
not affect the general view taken by our
author of the significance of the Law of
Separation. The one conspicuous differ-
ence between Napoleon's Concordat and
the Concordats before the Revolution was
that the latter rested upon the existence
of large property in the hands of the French
Church, whereas Napoleon (the property
having been confiscated) made the clergy
the salaried servants of the State. The
Law of Separation will cause an eventual
loss to the Church of " a revenue of nearly
two millions sterling." Mr. Bodley con-
siders the law to be not really one of
separation of Church and State. But it
is difficult to say in what the establish-
ment of a Church consists. The estab-
lishment in England is one thing ; the
establishment in Belgium is another. In
Quebec the Church is not nominally estab-
lished ; but it is established in fact accord-
ing to many tests. The Church in France
receives in compensation for the loss of its
money " the right to nominate its own
bishops, who, in turn, will have the privi-
lege of meeting in synods and councils."
The separation as accomplished in France
appears to carry out the ideal of " a free
Church in a free State " as nearly as is
consistent with French ideas of freedom.
The Concordat of Napoleon had accom-
plished the old Whig ideal of the strict
subordination of the Church to the State.
Of questions which are treated incident-
ally in Mr. Bodley's pages, one which has
a special interest for us in this country
at the moment is his evidence that while
for a generation the education of the youth
of France was in the hands of the Church,
that fact would not be gathered from the
political position occupied by the Church
among the French statesmen of the day
thus trained :—
' The impartial spectator of the history
of France cannot but be amazed that a
generation so trained has produced so few
competent men to defend the Church when
troublous times arrived, or, by theircharacter
and intelligence, to have guided the clerical
party into a policy of prudence."
The pleasantest of all the many philo-
sophical speculations of our author are
those which concern French idealism in
the past. He regretfully admits, however,
that in the very latest years French
idealism has died. We fear that his con-
clusions might be extruded beyond the
limits of the single country inhabited by
the French people.
Entirely apart from its historic and
philosophic value, the book forms a manual
for all who would understand what has
occurred to the Church in France, and an
indispensable guide to the facts which are
likely to influence its future history.
The Complete Cricketer. By Albert E.
Knight. (Methuen & Co.)
Sports that are supposed to be the pre-
rogative of the Philistine are not often
well described or analyzed. Those who
know cannot write, and get their narra-
tives revised by some ready scribe whose
fluency signifies nothing. Now, just as
the cricket season is well started, we get
a book of exceptional merit which covers
every side of the game. It is written by
a professional player, who is appearing
this year for his county, and is a well-
known batsman ; but he wields a pen as
well as a bat with considerable facility.
He has already made a reputation in The
Morning Leader as one of the best corre-
spondents on the game ; he has a style,
or the makings of one, and he ranges over
the field of books for copious illustration.
Sometimes these references are overdone,
as when he talks of an " oft-quoted frag-
ment " of Euripides. No single line of
Euripides, either from the complete plays
or the fragments, ranks among frequent
quotations nowadays. The book is ex-
ceptional in two ways : because it studies
character, the mind which lies behind the
best play, as it does the best work ; and
because it presents aspirations towards
an ideal and a philosophy of cricket which
are sufficiently rare. Something more
than mere physical proficiency is recog-
nized here, as may be seen in an excellent
chapter on the duties and difficulties of
' Captaincy.'
The volume begins with an historical
summary of the advance of the game,
which deals with such old-time characters
as Tom Sueter with proper gusto. Then
follow chapters on the three main depart-
ments of cricket — the last, fielding, having
only recently received the notice it
deserves. It is pleasant and right to
see experts in this line acclaimed. We
are at one with the author in wishing to
turn off the field the man who is slack
enough to let a ball go through his legs
to the boundary, even if he is a Hay ward,
and most trustworthy of performers when
his innings comes. Further chapters con-
cern ' Umpiring,' ' Australian Wickets '
(of which the author has recent experience),
' Players of the Past and Present,' 'Modern
Cricket and some of its Problems,' ' The
Laws of the Game,' and ' A Glossary of
Colloquial Cricket Terms.'
Though the author has not the expe-
rience of earlier days which many writers
on the game can boast, he has the good
judgment and the insight without which
no writing is worth much ; he fully recog-
nizes that an ounce of practice IS worth
a pound of theory, and he is subtle enough
to discuss how far the " coach " is justified
in making the learner an imitator of his
own special style. Me is clearly an ob-
i; ■:■'
rril E ATI! KX/KI' M
N 1100, May 26, 1906
i not bound by the voice «>f the
orowd, ulii.ii, apparently, it is the in-
creasing pride ox the popular journalist
to ;i lit icipate.
The whole is well arranged, except for
the misplacement of a few facts which
mighl have appeared in the chapter on
the development of the game. One or
two quotations will fairly exhibit the
author's point of view, and allow us to
add 8 few comments of our own. The
originator of Lord's ground is thus
dee l [bed : —
Lord was an able man, the wisdom of
the Berpent, or business adaptability, blend-
ing with his dove-like simplicity 01 pure
enthusiasm lor the game."
\- for the Marylebone enclosure : —
'To this day there is no ground whereon
the game is more strictly played, none where
the sporting element is more predominant,
nunc whose habitues arc more truly lovers
of the game, or more free from the partisan
spit it."
On every county mound that we have ever
heard of, or visited, the game is strictly
played : evasion of the rules is not
expected or permitted, as is sufficiently
clear from the saying that a thing is " not
cricket.'' In view of the Oval at Kenning-
ton, we cannot agree that the second
claim for merit is veracious. Two or
three of the important matches at Lord's
are mere displays of fashionable dressing
by people who go to eat and drink, and see
each other, not the cricket. There are
enthusiasts and good critics in abundance,
of course, at all times : but the Oval holds,
on the day of a good match, a higher per-
centage of people who are less well dressed,
no doubt, but nearly all players, or possible
players. Those familiar with both grounds
must have had this difference explained
to them, though with tact and deference,
by the ever-flourishing figure known as
" The Surrey Poet." The refreshment
department at Lord's is still scandalous
from the point of view of the moderate
purse. That does not matter much to an
enthusiast, but we have seen the crowd
here so encroaching on the field of play in
a Test Match as to make catches and
boundaries, in the one case too difficult,
and in the other too easy, to be fair.
The proceeding known as " the toss "
is elaborated thus : —
' This tossing of the coin is an aged
institution, and although in earlier times
it carried a greater number of choices than
at present, it could scarcely convey a
greater volume of advantage than it may
in these latter days. Symbol of a game
across which the caprice of fortune may fling
a transient brush of sunshine, painting a
beauty and a charm richer than a long
Summer of pure Skill, those who desire to
eliminate luok, to stamp as far as may be a
lawyer-like impartiality upon the game,
clamour tor its abolition."
A salutary change of special rewards
is explained in the following passage : —
" It was once the custom of the counties
to give their professional players a sovereign
for each fifty runs they individually scored.
This automatic arrangement is now generally
supplanted by a discretionary system of
marks awarded by the captain for any play
mod i>> him worthy <>f such additional
recognition."
We hope that among other talents the
art of " playing to the is properly
recognized, which is very different from
" playing to the gallei\ " The vulgai
craze for centuries and other "records
applauded by the mob, but useless for the
real purpose in View, has gone far to spoil
the national game. It i-. we sup).
only a feature of the pervading mega-
lomania of the day. but it is distressing
when it appears in sport as well as in the
many quarters where self-advertisement.
regardless of associates or the general
good, is considered a law of life and a test
of efficiency.
Another modern development which
we cannot applaud is the writing of
remarks on his own team by a captain
or prominent member of it. Pretending.
we presume, to be the fairest or most
searching of criticisms, these outpourings
are obviousby defective. A captain can
hardly boast in print about his own achieve-
ments, yet these may be the feature which
the public ought to appreciate. Further,
he cannot, and should not, distribute in
public the censure which may be equally
due. This is mildly touched on here : —
" Will it be fairly maintained by honest
minds, for instance, that we players who
write cricket criticisms, are characterised
by a greater grasp of cricket problems than
the preceding Press reporters whom, in
some measure most unfortunately, this
modern development has tended to sup-
plant? "
Certainly not, and the foolish vocabulary
which these latest slingers of slang have
produced is more wearisome than amusing,
as a glance at the ' Glossary ' above men-
tioned will show. Some of the explana-
tions provided here imply a low rate of
intelligence, nor does the list exhaust the
cricket lingo of to-day, though we are
far from complaining about that. ' ' Artist,"
we are told, '* is a word sometimes used
to define an eminent player." But in
cricket, as at Burlington House, all artists
are not " eminent," and all the eminent
are not " artists."
On bowling our author is admittedly
not an expert, but he has many sensible
things to say, noting the revival of leg-
breaks, and the importance of the much-
discussed " swerve." He does not, how-
ever, insist on a point which long observa-
tion has impressed upon us — that a lengthy
run up to the wicket before delivering the
ball is a mistake. The exertion it involves
in a long day shortens the already brief
career of a fast bowler. The swiftest
pace has been achieved, apparently with
ease, by bowlers who took quite a short
run, such as Mold and the Australian E
Jones.
With most of the author's preferences
we are in full agreement. He thinks
Trumper the finest living batsman. The
grace, the sparkle, the wonderful wrist.
and surpassing impudence of the Aus-
tralian deserve the laurel. But he might
have noted that the evolution of Trumper
has been visible to us over here, for on
his appearance in England in 1S99
Trumper showed a stiffm I st) le and
.(< tion rery different from bis present ,
and facility. We had soonei -<*<• him make
20 with In- present mastery over the beet
bowling, whatevei it- length, than i< ,
his BOUd 135 not out afl it Was mad'- at
Lord's in a Test Match of t he ah
He i- one of the few exhilarating bat-men
who always try to make runs, 'the many
merely defend their wicket-, waiting foi
loose bowling, f os tor their avu and
depress the public.
Pre-eminence in bowling is more difficult
to judge than in batting, but it
that the first-class bow lei nowadays must
command a break, or, at any rate, a turn
both ways. We cannot believe that the
best of George Lohmann was ever bettered
by any man. We certainly object to the
fanciful suggestion that
" perfect ease of delivery is probably as
incompatible ... .with perfect bowling, a
perfect physical beauty with intellectual
endowment."
Both clauses contain a heresy, to our
thinking. We should say, for instance,
that the bowling action of Rhodes of
Yorkshire is as easy as it could be, without
a trace of strain ; and we recommend a
study of the portraits and works of Goethe
as a sufficient refutation of the other
statement. Metaphor and illustration are
a veritable snare for the young writer, and
land him often in unforeseen difficulties.
The author of 'The Complete Cricketer'
will understand in time, if he goes on
making books as well as runs, that clever-
ness may be a term of abuse. We think
that he is too conscious of his literary
ornament, and that a course of. say.
Addison or Goldsmith, instead of the
admired modern models he appears to
have been studying, would do him good.
Withal, he is thoroughly practical, as
his pages show, and does not turn aside
for the sake of mere anecdote. We
conclude our notice with one of his few
stories, an instance of the ayxivom
commended by Aristotle : —
" I once saw Frank Sugg, the Lancashire
elogger, clean bowled at Leicester. The ball
flew from the top of the stumps and pain-
fully hurt our wicket-keeper. Sugg was
making towards the pavilion when he
gathered from the attitude of the umpire
that some doubt existed in his mind. As
a matter of fact. Lilly white, the umpire*
believing that the ball had rebounded to
the bails from our wicket -keeper's che-t.
had given the batsman ' Not out.' With
truly astonishing coolne-s. Sugg grasped
the situation. ' Brandy, brandy ! ' he cried
out. waving his bat to the players on the
stand. Sugg met the bearer of the liquor
half-way and came back to assist in the
revival of our keeper who had been so badly
out over. Our wicket-keeper had suffered,
but his agony was not greater than the
surprise with which he saw the stalwart
figure of Sugg bending over him. ' What
the devil arc you doing here * ' lie gasped.
Sugg batted on. but happily not for long."
The only triumph equal to this was that
of the English player in Australia who,
on being bowled with the first ball he
received, replaced the bails with the easy
comment. I never could play a trial-
ball.'' and resumed his innings.
N°4100, May 26, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
633
Books on Egypt and Chaldcea. — Vols. XX.-
XXII. The Egyptian Heaven and Hell.
By E. A. Wallis Budge. 3 vols. (Kegan
Paul & Co.)
Dr. Budge here continues the publica-
tion of the written documents of Egyptian
religion which he began with ' The Book
of the Dead.' The present volumes con-
tain the first complete English version yet
published of 'The Book of Am-Tuat,'
otherwise called ' The Book of that which
is in Hades,' and ' The Book of the Gates '
respectively. Both these books consist
of what are in effect magical texts buried
with the dead by the followers of Amen-
Ra, the " king of the gods," worshipped
by the kings of the Seventeenth and all
later dynasties, and were intended to act
as a guide to the dead in his passage
through the world beyond the tomb.
Yet there are inconsistencies between
them, and Dr. Budge is probably right
when he points out that, while ' The Book
of Am-Tuat ' seems to show the unmixed
doctrine of the supremacy of Amen-Ra,
' The Book of the Gates ' assigns a position
to Osiris as judge of the dead and lord of
the other world which is hardly to be
reconciled with Amen-Ra's pretensions.
The notion that they were in effect rival
productions seems, however, to be dis-
posed of by the fact that Seti I., though
he had ' The Book of Am-Tuat ' painted
on the walls of his tomb, caused both ' The
Book of the Gates ' and several chapters
of the earlier ' Book of the Dead ' to be
carved upon his sarcophagus. In con-
nexion with this it is as well to remember
M. Maspero's remark that, if ever there
were initiates and secret doctrines in
Egyptian religion, it was among the authors
and hearers of these books ; and the fact
may be paralleled by the practice of many
Gnostic sects in Christian times, who, as
the Fathers tell us, attended the services
of the Church and the orgies of the Great
Mother indifferently, declaring that they
alone understood the hidden meaning in
both sets of ceremonies. Such syncretism
is perhaps logical enough among people
who really believe that words and phrases
have an inherent action of their own
upon animate and inanimate nature,
in addition to the effect that they produce
upon the minds of such of their hearers
as understand them.
'The Book of Am-Tuat,' here given in
full, with hieroglyphic text, translation.
and vignettes, relates tin- passage of the
Sun-God through the Nether World, or
what, for the Egyptians, was the same
thing, through the hours of the night.
Bach of the twelve hours corresponds
to a particular division of the Tuat or
Hades, and certain words and prayers
have to he pronounced by those in the
^'od's retinue before the guardians of
the gates will admit him. This is of
course not religion, but magic, and it is
plain from several passages I hat t he initiate
who knew the proper words and phrase-t
was traditionally credited with the power
to compd hi.- ad in it I a nee to all the privileges
of the Sun-God, an actual threat being
uttered in one case that if his wishes are
not complied with, the gods will be deprived
of the offerings of mortals. Hence the
chief interest in the book attaches to the
descriptions of the scenes in the different
" hours," which are, in fact, a kind of
jumble of all the different conceptions
formed by the Egyptians at different
times of the abode of the dead. Thus in
the first hour the Sun-God advances in
his boat into a territory where the inhabi-
tants are plunged in darkness, are rejoiced
to see his light, and wail when he has
departed. In the second he arrives at a
place which corresponds with some close-
ness to the Elysian Fields of the Greeks,
where the deceased has land allotted
to him, and where the raising of corn and
other cereals is the chief occupation. This
and the third hour both formed part of the
kingdom of Osiris, Lord of Amenti, the
ancient god of the lower classes among the
Egyptians, and were reserved apparently
for the habitation of the worshippers of
Osiris and Ra only. But in the fourth
hour we come into the kingdom of Seker,
whom Dr. Budge considers to be the oldest
of all the Egyptian gods of the dead.
This kingdom is a dark and terrible desert,
inhabited only by monstrous serpents,
and the Sun-God has to change from the
boat which bears him across the sky into
another formed from the body of a huge
snake, which wriggles along a rocky
corridor passing above, and not through,
Seker's territory. In this last are lakes
of fire and some of the machinery of the
later Christian Hell ; but after traversing
it, the Sun-God enters again into the king-
dom of Osiris, not here the Lord of Amenti,
but the god of Busiris and Mendes, ap-
parently in the shape in which he was
worshipped on earth. This continues up
to the tenth hour, when we enter into the
kingdom of Tum-kheper-Ra, a triune god
made up of two Sun-Gods and the sacred
beetle, where the sun is revivified and
transformed before being sent forth
again for his journey through the upper
air. These ceremonies occupy the tenth
to the twelfth hours, and the purpose of
reciting or transcribing them was appa-
rently that the dead man on whose behalf
this was done might share all the privileges
of the Sun-God, in whose boat he was
supposed thus to gain a place. At the
same time these ceremonies were con-
sidered to be peculiarly connected with
the worship at On, or Heliopolis, in
the Delta ; and it is possible that only
those who worshipped there were thought
to be entitled to share in them.
' The Book of the Gates ' shows in
the main the same scenes as ' The Book of
Am-Tuat.' with the exception that the
kingdom of Seker is entirely omitted,
and that more prominence is given to the
supremacy of Osiris. But perhaps a
more important modification is to be found
in the fact that here for the first time a
belief in a future state of rewards and
punishments begins to manifest itself.
The souls in the sixth hour are brought
before the judgmenl seat of Osiris, and are
there judged not only by their knowledge
of magical words and names, but also by
the actions which they have performed
while upon earth. The punishment of the
wicked is also continued throughout the
remaining hours or divisions of the Tuat,
the same punishments being by no means
of a remedial nature, but concluding
invariably with the annihilation of the
accused. Nor is this all. In the first and
second hours of ' The Book of the Gates '
are to be found souls who are not sufficiently
instructed to win to the Hall of Judgment,
but who are nevertheless maintained in a
sort of suspended animation by the bounty
of the God, and are revivified for a certain
time every day by his presence. The same
idea may also be traced in ' The Book of
Am-Tuat,' and it would seem that we
have here the first hint of the later Gnostic
belief that man, by initiation into certain
" mysteries " in this life might earn the
right to a position exalted above that of
his fellows in the next. But in spite of
this, the belief that good deeds would be
rewarded and ill deeds punished is plainly
apparent, and the evident influence of
this upon the religions of future ages
cannot be ignored. No expert in the
history of religions will need to be
told that among the ill deeds here set
down are included many purely eccle-
siastical offences, such as the uttering of
blasphemy against the Sun-God Ra, in
which we may perhaps see a reflex of
the heresy of Khuenaten.
Dr. Budge's rendering of the very
difficult texts with which he here has to
deal is in every way adequate, and his
third volume, in which he discusses their
bearing, contains matter which it is incum-
bent upon every student of such matters
to read. By publishing them in a form
which puts them virtually within the
reach of all, he makes an important
addition to the many benefits that he
has already bestowed upon learning.
NEW NOVELS.
/tin'/ in the New. By Richard Whiteing.
(Hutchinson & Co.)
Our modern Babylon and its awful pro-
blems of labour and poverty are once
more the themes to which Mr. Whiteing
devotes himself, but this time he attacks
them in the hopeful spirit indicated by
his choice of a title. We are grateful to
him for his confident faith in the near
approach of a better order of things
(foreshadowed in his eyes by recent
electoral results), and yet more grateful
to him for setting in so cheerful and whole-
some a light the possibilities of happiness
which London, even now. holds for its
poorer inhabitants. The darker side of
the picture, as seen by his heroine during
her terrible initiation into the struggle
for existence, is presented with power,
but also with commendable sobriety and
restraint, There is virtually only one
man in the story, and he is sketched in
lather impressionist fashion; but the
female characters cover a wide range,
and are for the most part excellent, the
gem of the collection being undoubtedly
Sarah the charwoman, a creature with
9
634
Til E A Til KX7KUM
Nil 00. May -J'i, iiMifj
quaint ambitions and a heart o! gold.
The book bristles with criticisms (often
estiva, and always lively) of contem-
porary theories, occurrences, and men.
\ notable examples from these classes
respectively we may mention Christian
-■Mine, the "buried treasure" craze,
ami. last but not least, Mr. Bernard Shaw.
Thu Mystery of a Motor-Car. By William
Le Queux. (H odder iV Stoughton.)
Those who are acquainted with Mr.
Le Queue's more ingenious efforts in
sensation will he disappointed with 'The
Mystery of a Motor-Gar, ' for, though a
mass of incident, crimes, and escapes, it
i- not ingenious, neither is it in the least
plausible. The situations technically
known as " curtains " occur at regular
intervals, as is demanded by a certain
order of serial publication. But the
persevering reader is rewarded by no
logical development of them ; they lead
nowhere, beyond that point at which
" To be continued in our next " might
occur. Naturally, there is a hurried
drawing together of threads for the re-
quired matrimonial set piece at the end.
It is a sort of hasty pudding of romance,
and Air. Le Queux might easily have mixed
it a little more skilfully.
In Subjection. By Ellen Thorneycroft
Fowler. (Hutchinson & Co.)
This novel, a sequel apparently to ' Isabel
C'arnaby,' is devoted to the elucidation
of a theme perennially attractive, in one
form or other, to feminine writers of fiction:
the inalienable right, namely, of every
woman to choose for herself a lord and
master, and, having chosen him, to lie,
in doormat fashion, beneath his feet till
the end of her natural life. Curiously
enough, it is a proposition which appeals
to female readers, but has rarely a con-
ciliatory effect upon those of the opposite
sex, possibly because the ideal " lord and
master " of the lady-novelist is generally
some way off the masculine ideal of a
gentleman. Three studies in wifely sub-
miasiveness carried to varying degrees of
intensity are recommended to our admira-
tion by Mrs. Felkin. First we have our
old friend Isabel, who heroically refrains
from sacrificing to a purely personal whim
the whole of her husband's political
career ; secondly, a half-caste girl, married
to a good-natured imbecile of an English-
man whom she finds it impossible to love
until (in the disguise of a man) she has
felt the weight of his, literally, heavy
hand ; thirdly, a parson, whose desertion
of his wife, arising from a sequence of
incredible occurrences, is by her endured
with a meekness which is happily as
incredible. We notice at least one de-
lightful touch of humour — the relief
experienced by a pious Evangelical lady
on learning that the absconding clergyman
above mentioned has only taken to an
immoral life, and not, as she feared, gone
over to Rome. But. in general, the smart
and good-natured aphorisms in which the
book about i emote from
reality a - i- t In- framewoi k of the story.
Tracks in tli< Snow, By Godfrey Et.
Benson. (Longman >v I fc>.)
Tins is. on the whole, an interesting story
of murder and mystery, but it has the
defect — a serious one in fiction— of being
too closely modelled Upon real life. Just
such hazy recollections, such meaning]
clues, such futile incidents, are to be
found in the newspaper report of any
cause ceWbre ; but in a novel much more
lucidity and arrangement arc needed
than in a court of law. Far too little use
is made of the conversational method ;
and the characters of the various potential
murderers, though well enough imagined,
are presented in the old-fashioned manner
by means of elaborate descriptions, instead
of being allowed to unfold themselves
insensibly. The book, in short, shows
considerable crudeness, but also an ima-
ginative faculty by no means contemptible.
Beyond the Rocks. By Elinor Glyn.
(Duckworth & Co.)
Adjectives in pairs of black and white
are applicable to this novel. It is tender
and coarse, clever and stupid. The young
heroine is pathetic in her feeble devotion
to the marriage bond between her and the
middle-aged Josiah Brown. She seemed
to " wither up all low or vicious things,"
and yet her beauty is praised in a way
that makes it akin to a mutton-chop. Her
lover is an English nobleman of experi-
ence and breeding, yet he is " maddened
beyond bearing " and asks her, " For
God's sake, what is it ? " in her husband's
opera-box, when Josiah is there. Lack
of good taste and deficiency in technique
are serious handicaps, and in fact this
novel is drawn back by them from the
domain of good art into the republic of
the second-rate, where many hours may
be pleasantly, if unprofitably whiled away.
The best thing in the story is the clever
device by which Josiah is suddenly con-
verted into a gentleman with a nimbus.
But Mrs. Glyn's latest work, despite
certain characteristic touches, suggests
the 'prentice hand of an ingenue who has
been to Paris, rather than the matured
talent of the author of ' The Visits of
Elizabeth.'
Richard Baldock. By Archibald Marshall.
(Alston Rivers.)
This record of the childhood and youth
of a country clergyman's son is marked
by much truth and originality, hut there
is also a certain deficiency in art. Things
happen incoherently and without dis-
cernible unity of purpose ; and the story
has many flat intervals. The hero's early
relations with his pious but insufferable
father and with his father's delightful
servant, his experiences at the "genteel"
day-school of his dative village, and his
introduction to the world's pomps and
vanities as personified by a budding
Etonian (bearing the suggestive name of
Syde are all cm client. But t Ik- sketchy
uidicationi of his amazingly successful
career a bookeellei and publisher, founded,
we presume, on tact, an- not equally con-
vincing, and we scarcely understand the
part played by the mi who
befriends him in his boyhood. The hook
is virtually without a heroine, which for a
novel of this particulai description i-
rather an advantage than othen
The Magic Island. By E. Everett-Green.
(Hutchinson A I
Wk find this story very thin and Blight.
It tells of an island-garden, a recluse —
a retired diplomatist— and a simple girl,
in language which Mark Twain might
justly term " highfalutin." Luckily the
recluse has a nephew wounded in South
Africa and invalided home, to whom the
heroine transfers her great passion for his
uncle — luckily, because it turns out that
the uncle has an Italian wife from whom
he has been separated, owing to her indis-
cretion and fiightiness. However, the
heroine insists on their meeting again on
the island-garden to which the old man
has retired ; Philip, the nephew, finally
wins her affection, and we gather that
they are married and succeed to the uncle's
property. Rarely has so poor a plot been
concealed beneath such a wealth of words.
Criminel ? By Mary Floran. (Paris, Cal-
mann-Levy.)
' Criminel ?' is well and gracefuUy written
" pour les jeunes filles," but, though the
delineation of character is satisfactory,
the plot is both hackneyed and improbable.
We have the gipsy who steals the heiress ;
the hero falsely charged with murder and
tried for his life ; the missing child dis-
covered by the hero himself, though by
mere chance ; and the winning of the
" gros-lot " in a lottery by the virtuous
young man who could not otherwise wed
the heroine. Any one of the four incidents
is, of course, now tabu on this side the
Channel.
TRAVEL.
.1 Summer Ixidc through Western Tibet.
By Jane E. Duncan. (Smith & Elder.)—
Miss Duncan rather unduly enlarges peo-
graphical areas in calling Ladakh and Bal-
tistan, the scenes of her tour in the territory
of the Maharajah of Kashmir, Western Tibet.
She is also inaccurate in saying that " our
borders now reach to the Pamirs, where
they march with Russian territory." as a
strip of Chinese Turkestan intervenes ; and
in another place she erroneously talks of
Qilgit as being on the borders of Kashmir
and Russia. We must admit, too, that until
she brought us to Khapallu we had many
doubts as to there being any need for her
to have described her " summer ride " at
all : but when she reached that unspoiled
Arcadia we quickly forgave her. and followed
her narrative thenceforth with interest to the
end.
Miss Duncan travelled alone, and re-
cords with pride that she was the first
lady traveller to visit several places. In
consequence she had one or two experiences
N°4100, May 26, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
635
that might have been unpleasant, owing to
the doubt in the minds of the local authorities
as to whether a " mem saheb " was entitled
to the same consideration as a " saheb,"
had she not had with her a doughty champion
in the person of Aziz Khan, a Pathan courier
whose services and exploits make up not
the least interesting portion of Miss
Duncan's narrative. Taken altogether, her
experiences were not disagreeable, and the
few disappointments and hardships that
she had to undergo rather lent zest to her
adventuie than detracted from her pleasure.
Her journey was divided into two parts.
The first describes her visit to Leh and
Himis. At Himis she witnessed the so-
called Devil Dance, and then, crossing the
Chang-La pass, got into the Pangkong
valley, which was her most easterly point,
and not far from the western borders of
Tibet. Retracing her steps through Leh
to Khalatse, she turned northwards at that
place into Baltistan, and discovered Khapallu.
Khapallu is close to the Shayok stream, and
about sixty-five miles east of Skardo, the
reputed capital of Baltistan. The Baltis,
or Dards, boast a good deal of their
descent from Alexander, and they certainly
show some traces of Greek ancestry. The
women, and the men too, are remarkable
for their good looks and their straight, well-
cut features. The serious business of life
here seems to be polo and tamashas. The
latter are held two or three times a week,
beginning at 10 p.m. and ending soon after
midnight. These ordinary tamashas are
eclipsed by a great one which is held
every thirty-six years, and as Miss Duncan
enjoyed the privilege of being the first
European to see this special show, she records
with much satisfaction that no one else can
hope to witness it before 1940, which is a
long way off. This was one of her chk
inducements for staying on at Khapallu for
a whole month — not that there was much
need, we should say, for any additional
reason to remain in Khapallu beyond its
natural attractions as she paints them. The
blase denizen of crowded cities, with the
rush, noise, and dust of twentieth -century
locomotion offending his senses and shatter-
ing his nerves, will rather pine after this
" charming valley," as described by the
writer : —
"The summer climate is perfect, rather cold at
night and not overpoweringly hot in the day, when
a cool breeze, a real zephyr, gently stirs the leaves ;
beautiful walks, endless wood-carvings to draw from,
the village people a constant source of interest and
amusement, nearly 70 miles from a post office,
about 3">0 miles from a railway station, no cares,
no worries, and a few good books to read ; what
more can mortal woman wish for, and would she
not be very foolish to leave such an earthly
paradise sooner than she must do?"
If this was the Khapallu that Miss Duncan
knew the year before last, there is fortunately
no great reason for supposing that it will
change in the near future, for " the high
passes which must be crossed to reach it
will be an effectual barrier against its being
overrun with trippers." But we return to
the great tamasha, for which, curiously
enough, another English lady arrived on
the very day of the principal celebration.
One marked peculiarity to be noticed
about it is the fact that the people, beinp
Shiahs, allow their women to attend these
festivities freely, instead of relegating them
to a distant view under purdah. The big
tamasha covered two days, one for pre-
liminaries and the other for the real thing.
< onstant drumminga by the bands as they
assembled from the villages of the district,
dances in which both sexes joined, and the
election of a temporary rajah to fill the role
of a "lord of misrule " formed tho pre.
liminaries. The real rajah so far enteis
into the fun of the thing as to lend his under-
study his clothes and his pony, while he him-
self dons for the day the garb of an ordinary
villager. Sword dances, polo tournaments,
and comic representations were the main
features of the entertainment, but perhaps
the most remarkable revelation was that of
the existence of a well-organized " claque."
The full description of the affair as recorded
by Miss Duncan will show how closely all the
world is akin.
There is a good deal of interest in Miss
Duncan's experiences after leaving Khapallu :
her crossing the Shayok on a zak, or ferry-
boat of inflated skins ; her journey down
the valley, traversing rickety platform or
parao roads along the sides of precipices
hanging over the river ; and her diligent
collection of rock inscriptions. Her visit
to the Buddhist rock at Sadpor led to the
more careful copying of the inscription by
an emissary sent some time afterwards by
Mr. Francke, of the Moravian Mission. The
barrage at the same place, with its clearly
defined sluice-gates, is another interesting
relic of antiquity ; but, beyond calling atten-
tion to these monuments as having come
under her personal notice, Miss Duncan does
not pose as an archaeological authority. The
real interest of her journey centres in
Khapallu, and her summer ride may not be
without its beneficial consequences for the
inhabitants of that district if it leads to the
appointment, or even the occasional visit,
of a doctor to a spot where all would be
perfect but for the prevalence of sickness,
and especially of ophthalmia.
Vikings of the Pacific, by A. C. Laut
(Macmillan), is a reprint, carefully revised,
of twelve papers originally contributed to
various American magazines. The attrac-
tive title of the volume is scarcely justified
by its contents : for although the author
furnishes interesting accounts of the deeds
and misdeeds of the early Russian fur-
hunters, of the notorious Count Benyowsky,
and of other adventurers, who may fairly
be described as Vikings of an ignoble type,
that designation cannot be applied to seamen
like Bering, Cook, Vancouver, or Gray, nor
even to Baranof, the able Governor of the
Russian fur company, whose great services
met with so ill a requital. To the general
reader, especially if an American, the author's
accounts of the doings of Gray and Ledyard
are likely to prove of special interest. Robert
Gray, of Boston, commanded the first ship
which carried the American flag around the
world ; and on a second voyage, in 1792, he
pluckily crossed the bar of a river discovered
and named St. Roque by the Spaniard
Heceta, but now known to us as the Colum-
bia. Ledyard, a New England ne'er-do-well,
joined Cook's expedition as corporal of
marines, and, after an adventurous life,
died on the road to Cairo, when on the point
of penetrating Inner Africa. The author,
in writing his popular narratives of Pacific
voyages and adventures, claims to have con-
sulted the more important of the " first
sources," and this claim we are willing to
concedo to him. We cannot, however,
accept in every case his estimate of the value
of the work done by the various discoverers
of whom he treats. It is a gross exaggeration,
for instance, to speak of Bering's voyage in
1741 as " the greatest naval expedition
known to the world." Entirely uncalled-
for, too, are the contemptuous terms in
which he speaks of men of science, or
" ignoramus savants " and " bookful block-
heads" as lie prefers to call them. Tho
volume is illustrated with a few good
portraits, but there is no general map which
would enable a render Jbo traco the routes
described.
Three journeys, mainly for sport— one to
Abyssinia, and two to British East Africa
— are described by Lord Hindlip under the
title Sport and Travel : Abyssinia and
British East Africa (Fisher Unwin). The
first trip was apparently the result of an
introduction " to Colonel (now Sir John)
Harrington, British Minister to Abyssinia,"
and, whilst regretted as regards sport, was
not entirely wasted time, as some insight into
the country and the ways of Menelik was
gained. Although no remarkable novelty
is recorded, there is advantage in being
reminded of matters which may become
serious, and are apt to be forgotten, though
they have already attracted attention.
Thus it is justly remarked that Italy's mis-
fortunes in that land are of serious import to
other countries : that since they occurred
" Menelik has been pandered to by every Power
whose territories surround his country, the result
being that the majority of the chiefs and the
whole of the populace firmly believe that the}' are
capable of ' Licking creation.' "
The author justly considers it
"a thousand pities that the cruel rulers of Abys-
sinia have been allowed to extend their occupation
so far South, to the detriment of our interests and
those of the unfortunate tribes with whom they
come in contact To any one who has travelled
in the country and seen the Abyssinian in his true
colours, the present alliance with Menelik is a
humiliating and almost degrading spectacle I
look upon Abj'ssinia as the greatest menace to
the future peace of the African continent, and
our policy with the country should be a most firm
one, and not on any account made subordinate to
that of another nation."
No sooner had Lord Hindlip returned
from Abyssinia than he set about preparing
for a visit to East Africa, concerning which
he had the advantage of advice from Sir
Charles Eliot, then H.M.'s Commissioner.
January, 1903, found him en route for
Nairobi. He met Mr. F. C. Selous ; saw
much game ; passed through a country of
perfect climate which is in every way adapted
to support a thriving population of Britons,
but which has been made over to undesirable
aliens ; and went home wondering how
soon he might be able to return.
This happened in May, 1905, when, accom-
panied by Lady Hindlip, he set forth for
the same country. As regards sport, the
trip would seem to have been successful,
and by way of travel the caves of Mount
Elgon, inhabited and uninhabited, were
visited : the author has acquired land near
that occupied by Lord and Lady Delamere,
and hopes to be there "when this volume
is in the hands of the reader." It is well
illustrated. There arc appendixes on
game preservation, licences, and regulations :
subjects of great importance in need of re-
examination, but too intricate and requiring
too much space to admit of examination in
this notice.
No Man's Land : a History of Spitsbergen
from its Discovery in 1596 to the Beginning
of the Scientific Exploration of the Country.
By Sir Martin Conway. (Cambridge, Uni-
versity Press.) — Sir Martin Conway appeals
to reviewers and readers henceforward to
spell the name " Spitsbergen " correctly.
While proposing ourselves to follow in this
article his advice, we think there is some-
thing to be said on the other side. His own
very full bibliography of works relating to
the' country establishes the fact that, until
less than twenty years ago. for fully 200
years no nation but the Dutch and Scandi-
navians spelt it aeoording to its Dutch ety-
mology. The wide prevalence of an error
(if it be such) for so long a period seems to
give it a sort of prescriptive right ; and we
doubt whether alteration is now possible.
Spitsbergen for many years after its
M<\
Til K A Til KX.KI'M
X UOO, M ■- 26, 1906
discovery was -u| i| m i-i-il In In1 pari "t (lii i ii
lutnl ; l. ui Sir Martin think* thai bj 1613
i he En amen who frequi nted thosi
waters were aware that ii was a
[aland. The name Spitttbergun does no1
ooour even bo late as I < ■ 7 1 in Heylin's
1 Cosmography ' j bul thai writer speaks
ui Greenland (Greenland) anil Greenland
(Spitsbergen) in different parte of his work
n- if In' knew then) to be distinct countrii -.
sir Martin says thai "in a sense" Spits-
bergen ran have no true history of its own.
for it has never been an inhabited"
country. The adjective might perhaps be
disputed; for he relates thai Borne of the
Dutch remained there for two whole y<
while in later times Bome castaways were
there for sis years, and a Russian trapper
uninterruptedly for fifteen. But the oo
ui' tliis inhospitable group of islands were
long the sccnr nf a lucrative whale-fishery,
in the course of which blood was often spilt
between rival nations, though nol in such a
way as to lead ti> open war. It is rather
tlir history of this industry that is contained
in Sir Martin's volume; hut he lias added
three chapters about the visits of tlio
Russian and the earlier exploring expeditions,
which are not the least interesting part of
the work. His task has been accomplished
in a characteristically complete fashion, and
lias evidently involved a good deal of
research in rare books of old voyages, both
Blngliah and Dutch. He has given many
minute details of the English narratives in
verbatim quotations, wisely preserving the
original spelling ; and in these days, when
Spitsbergen is annually visited by tourist
steamers, such a book ought to find many
readers. One of these steamers in 1896
actually penetrated the ice-laden sea almost
to within a degree of Parry's highest latitude,
which was for half the nineteenth century
the "farthest north." In 1896 and 1897
Sir Martin himself made two expeditions to
Spitsbergen, with the double object of moun-
taineering and exploration ; and his know-
ledge of the country and its shores has been
of great service to him in interpreting the
statement sol' seventeenth-century navigators.
He has provided a chronological list of modern
voyages ; but we regret that he has not
enlarged his book so as to include the era
of more scientific exploration. As it is, the
narrative ends abruptly, and with a story
half-told. For the expeditions of Franklin
and Parry (if not also that of Phipps) which
he relates in his last chapter were under-
taken with a scientific object ; and it seems
hardly just to omit the excellent work of the
Swedes (18r>8-68) under A. E. Nordenskiold,
whose book, at least in its English transla-
tion, is already becoming scarce.
Sir Martin provides two excellent appen-
dixes on the ancient cartography and nomen-
clature of Spitsbergen ; and he deserves
much ciedit for reproducing twelve early
maps of the country — most of them beyond
the reach of the ordinary student. On one
geographical point only, which has been
much debated, is he lacking in clearness.
Id supposes that " Wiche's Land," seen by
the English in KiI7, is the King Karl's Land
of the Swedes. This is quite possible,
although, on his own showing, its first dis-
coverers must have seen it, if at all, from a
distance of seventy miles. But when he
is relating the voyage of the Dutchman Giles
(or (iillis), in 17l>7, he speaks of the much-
COntested Giles Land as if it were distinct
from the Wiche Islands. White Island,
which he seems to identify wi h it, is too
small and not distant enough to be the land
described : while it is inconceivable that
Giles should have sailed east of Cape Mohn
without sighting the Wiche Islands. Sir
Martin says nothing of the fact that Peter-
iiiniiii placid the land Been b\ Giles a long
distance i •> the m »rt h-east. 1 1 the lat ii
of Gili rrect and I
many instances ol the errors of earl j voya
in t iiis r< sped it seen ble t hat he
ited the weal coast ol I ranz •'• ef 1 .and,
for Jackson olaims to have shown that the
Giles Land nt Petermann do< not ■
But the simplest solution is that Giles Laud
is the Wiche Islands or King Karl's Lund,
us in the map of Giles and Rep (which is here
reproduced) no land is marked wlnie those
islands me. All lovers of geography will be
grateful to sir .Martin for the admirable
map of the Spitsbergen group in the cover
of t his volume.
The Land of Pardons. By Anatole Le
Braz. Translated by Frances M. Goatling.
(Methuen.) The few who like France and
yet prefer, for one reason or another, to read
French hooks in English have every reason
to be grateful to the translator for her
rendering of one of the little masterpii
which pass almost unnoticed in French
literature ; while other lovers of France
will be glad to have this edition for the sake
of its illustrations from photographs by the
author and her friends and in colour by Mr
T. C. Gotch. The translation is very fair,
but liable to failure. "II a beau boire,
l'haleine lui manque," does not mean " He
has drunk a good deal," but " Let him drink
as he will, his breath fails him." There are
certain other renderings which indicate
some uncertainty. Three reaux (which
should be reals) make a franc, and nuts
are sold, not at " 28 for a sou," but 100
for 18 sous to the peasants. Why, too,
are sonnevr (minstrel) and biniou (bag-
pipe) left untranslated ? " Assumes once
more its ancient aspect of a royal road " is
no improvement on " retrouve sa noble
aisance d'ancienne voie royale."
It would be superfluous to say one word
in praise of ' Au Pays des Pardons.' It
contains the very spirit of " la Bretagne
bretonnante " ; it is not a guide-book, it is
a poem. We can well sympathize with the
translator's desire to linger over its pa|
a; a labour of love, and we hope that a speedy
call for a second edition will give her an
opportunity of careful revision. The illus-
trations call for special commendation.
Picturesque Brittany. By Mrs. Arthur G.
Bell. With Illustrations in Colour by Arthur
G. Bell. (Dent.)— The type of illustrated
book in demand at present has reached a
certain fixity of form : as we open the book
we expect a pleasant, chatty, easy flow of
words which serve to separate the coloured
plates from one another by a seemly interval,
and to lead from each to its successor. The
public will not — such is the homage it still
pays to a literary tradition — buy a book of
" illustrations " without a text of some sort
to be illustrated. But neither the painter
nor the writer takes this notion of the public
seriously : each proceeds independently,
and it is greatly a matter of chance if any
unity of feeling results. The painter, how-
ever conventional his training, always retains
somewhat of the power of seeing anew for
himself: the write!' can rarely free himself
from the enduring chain of the woids in
which his predecessors have recorded their
views. Mr. Hell's drawings are the most im-
portant feature in the book before us: we
think them, indeed, better than those of any
other colour - book on Brittany that has
yet been issued. He has succeeded in ob-
taining a great deal of the colour and feeling
Of the province in the sunshine, though t he
sterner, more cruel side of the Breton land-
scape and the Breton character hardly
appears. His street drawings show a certain
sense of architecture not by any means
common. M i -. Bell in the ..
1 1 1< -fit and proportion of her hook the skill
ol a pi. i' tilted writer, ii in the loose st\l.
• limes allowed to s< >■ the author
almoal « it deshabille. Such ions ss
the " Llc--.il ||( . ■ . fleet which has just
been blessed ma |,ut
should never roach the first proof. \\ ■■ do
not like her obiter <Ii<tn on the religj
ions going on in France : t hey
of place in the mouth of a foreigner, ■
their value may be judged from ti
ment that the author saw " numbers of b
-i\ or seven years old" at confession. In
her account of the " pardons Mr-. Bell has
borrowed much from Le Bra/, but by no
means unintelligently or blindly, and
adds in each Case something of her own
observation. The descriptions of scenery
arc very good, and the account- of Plougastel,
Quimper, Quimperle, and Font
lent. .Mrs. Hell found at Fougeres the well-
known collection of boots and foot-o
which have so long been a prominent fea-
of the Cluny Museum. Altogether ' Pictur-
esque Brittany ' is a harmonious and -
fill account of an interesting summer holiday
— one which might be followed with little
trouble by train if a circular ticket were
taken from Hermes. We Commend the
notion to holiday-makers willing to travel
light.
(II DES.
Lincoln : a Historical and Topographical
Account of the City. By E. Mansel Sympson.
(Methuen & Co.) — It is not a little curious
that the city of Lincoln, which is certainly
one of the most interesting spots in England,
has never found an historian up to the time
of the issue of this book. It was to have
been included in the series of " Historic
Towns " (Longmans) from the pen of Pre-
centor Venables, but he died without achiev-
ing his purpose. Now, however. Mr. Symp-
son has accomplished the task in the new-
series termed "Ancient Cities." It is
pleasant to be able to follow up in these
450 pages the story of a minster and a town
of which Kuskin wrote in such glowing terms :
"I have always held, and am prepared against
all comers to maintain, that the Cathedral of
Lincoln is out and out the most precious piece of
architecture in the British Isles, and, roughly
speaking, worth any two other cathedrals we have
got. Secondly, that the town of Lincoln is a
lovely old English town, and I hope the Mayor
and the Common Councilmen won't let any of it
(not so much as a house corner) l>e pulled down t<>
build an institution or a market, or a gunpowder
or a dynamite mill, or a college or or a
barrack, or any other modern luxury."
Mr. Sympson has given us a readable and
carefully compiled book. The visitor who
desires to carry away more than a transitory
impression of a unique city cannot do
better than purchase a copy for diligent
study. But the perusal of it will probably
not give complete satisfaction to those who
know well the diversified history it covers.
It is, perhaps, rather too bad — for we
are genuinely grateful to Mr. Sympson
for what he has accomplished to gird at
omissions when so large a number of fads
and particulars have been accumulated
within these covers : but there is an absence
of a due sense of proportion : some events
that have often been chronicled are set forth
in unnecessary detail, whilst a great variety
of curious and untold information, which
might have been gleaned with comparatively
little trouble, is omitted.
As an instance of redundant fullness, it
may be mentioned that seven pages are
devoted to the supposed murder and craoj-
N°4100, May 26, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
637
fixion by the Jews of a Christian child —
afterwards known as Little St. Hugh — in
1255. Matthew Paris's narrative is repro-
duced at length, probably for the fiftieth
time. There is not a hint given that the
best historical students agree in believing
that these child-crucifixion tales — ■ told of so
many places both in England and on the
Continent, and revived in our own days —
are cruel slanders on the Jews. We would
suggest to Mr. Sympson that before re-
peating this tale he should read the critical
and scholarly article by Mr. Jacobs on this
very legend in his ' Jewish Ideals, and other
Essays,' published in 1896.
As to omissions, it does not appear that
Mr. Sympson has made any study of the
well-arranged muniments of the Dean and
Chapter of Lincoln, of the fine series of
Episcopal Registers, or of the Patent and
Close Rolls, &c. (now for the most part so
well calendared), which contain a variety of
interesting little details relating to the civil
history of the city. In short, this book
is admirable as a superior kind of guide-book,
but does not offer enough to satisfy the anti-
quary or historical student.
It is good to notice that the writer has
the courage to criticize adversely certain
features of the recent restoration of the
Minster.
The book has numerous illustrations by
Mr. E. H. New, who has won a well-earned
reputation among black-and-white artists.
Some of his smaller drawings are charming,
particularly in the initials and tail-pieces ;
but his style is wholly insufficient to produce
desirable pictures of such gems of archi-
tecture as the Angel Choir.
The Little Guides : Northamptonshire. By
Wakeling Dry. (Methuen & Co.)— This
small handbook to Northamptonshire is un-
worthy of its place in a generally good series.
Among the frequent instances of haphazard
writing the following may be noticed : they
are but samples. Mr. W. Ryland D. Adkiiis
is a well-known writer and barrister of the
county; as he is joint-editor of the "Victoria
County History " of this shire and also a
member of Parliament, it would be easy to
give his name and initials correctly ; but the
name is rendered differently in each of the
three places where it occurs, appearing once
as " Atkins." It is difficult to recognize
the famous abbey of Pipewcll under the
alias of Pipwell ; and why is the well-
known seat of the Fanes at Apethorp
rendered Apthorp ? Only two lines are
given to the once highly interesting royal
college of Eothoiinghay, and in one of these
we are told that it was destroyed " in Ed-
ward II. 'a time " ! For information as to
Towcester lazar-house, which is in itself
faulty, reference is made to the " Pope rolls
of John." In matters eccJ etiological the
author is but ill equipped. The old con-
fusion of canons and monks is repeated :
the corrected errors of t lie church dedications
of the county reappear in great profusion —
St. Luke, for instance, being given as the
dedication of both Wellingborough and
Spratton ; Catesby was a house of Bene-
dictine, not Cistercian nuns, nor was its
partial rule by a warden or master abnormal,
or in the slightest degree comparable to the
Gilbertine custom of double-sexed houses.
The architectural particulars ore so im-
perfect that Mr. Dry's guidance cannot be
safely followed. The visitor to Wootton
must not !>«• surprised if ho fails to
find the "chantry chapeld at the west
<nd of eaoh ai He. There is a well-
known tout, of easily denoted age, in
the church of West, lladdon. The writer of
this guide determines to call it Norman on
p. 36 ; but on p. 145 it lias changed to " a
most interesting Early English font." A
still more noteworthy font is that of Little
Billing, which is inscribed with the maker's
name ; it is one of the very few fonts in the
kingdom which are certainly Saxon, but
this guide cal]s it Norman. Students of
architecture will be startled to find, on
p. 38, that Duddington has a broached spire
" dating from the time of John or early
Henry III." ; but on only the previous page
this information is flatly contradicted by
the statement that Duddington tower is
Early English with " a later spire " !
The story of Northamptonshire is par
excellence the story of a forest county ; the
materials for its forest history, past and
present, are overwhelming, but they are
almost ignored. The brief accounts of man3r
of the parishes will be scanned in vain for some
noteworthy points — for instance, the ancient
circular dovecot at Harleston. A large
number of villages and small towns, many of
which are among the characteristic places
of the shire, are forgotten. The one village
of North Northamptonshire which is pre-
eminent for the interest and variety of its
old stone houses and cottages, is Col) ey West on,
but there is not a word of description.
Rauncls and Thrapston are small and old-
established towns, the former having a par-
ticularly fine church ; but this book is
silent as to both, nor is there even a sentence
about such interesting churches as those of
Maxey, Greens Norton (Saxon), Wilby,
Wollaston, and a score of others. In short,
about a hundred places of tin's comparatively
small county are left without any descrip-
tion.
The only feature that can be praised is
the excellence of some of the photographic
plates of non -hackneyed subjects.
In Months at the Lakes (MacLehosc) Canon
Rawnsley gives the impressions he has
derived from his study for twenty years of
" the changes in the face and mood of
Nature." it is never easy to describe effects
of scenery, and the author's style is some-
what too luxurious and sentimental for our
taste. But if we are inclined to " skip "
some of his descriptive matter, we read with
pleasure every word concerning local tra-
dition and custom, of which the Canon is
evidently a master. He has, for instance,
a most interesting passage on the old English
numerals which the shepherds formerly
used, and which still linger in aged memory.
With this book and the same author's
Literary Associations of the Lakes, 2 vols.,
which has now reached a third edition, and
which we reviewed at length in 1894, the
ordinary man will find himself led easily
and agreeably to a knowledge and apprecia-
tion which will double his pleasure. He
will get a, clear view both of the heroes of I he
past and tli" homely, kindly humour of the
men of to-day, whoso speech is full of effect i\ e
vigour. We pointed out in 1894 some un-
sightly errors, and aie glad to see that our
corrections have borne fruit.
Trinity College, Cambridge, is one of the
"College Monographs" (Dent), a series of
short handbooks at a moderate price1. Bach
book is to be by a, member of (he college
concerned, and. if all are as good as this one
by Mr. W. W. House- Ball, we shall be well
pleased witli the scries. There are fifteen
illustrations here, which are all important
views : and (he author writes with the ease
of one who has studied his subject. The
book is prettily gol up, and will go into the
ordinary pocket. We have one suggestion
to make. Would it no1 be well to reprint
From 'Cambridge and its Storj ' the lists
of college pictures in each case '.' This
would be a valuable page added to the
100 pages or so presented to us. This list
need not preclude a notice of the more
important ones in the text, such as Mr. Ball
supplies here. He must have had work to
keep to his limited spa.ee, but has made good
use of it. Mr. E. H. New's illustrations will
please some and iiritate others. They are
sketchy, but agreeable.
The Homeland Association issues as
No. 44 of its handbooks Dorking and Leather-
head, by Joseph E. Morris, which is an un-
pretentious, but compendious and efficient
guide to the district embracing two of the
most picturesque towns in Surrey. As Mr.
Morris points out, Dorking ha,s the advantage
of a situation betwixt chalk and sand, and
so secures the characteristic beauties of each
soil. It forms, as it were, a gate into the
Weald, and is a natural centre for tourist
and pedestrian. Mr. Morris's bird's-eye
survey of its history is serviceable, and
adequate attention is paid to amtiquitics
in the little volume. The scope of the book
is necessarily not wide, but within his limits
the author offers a goodly assortment of
information. Thus even the obscure Mac's
Well on the slope of Leith Hill below Cold-
harbour does not escape him, and he quotes
from The Gentleman s Magazine of 1763 that
the waters " are found to be very salutary
in scorbutic cases ; and when taken inwardly,
are supposed to purifjr the blood." A good
feature is the admirable selection of well-
printed photographs.
A guide-book pure and simple which
includes the same district, but covers more
ground, is Series 28 of Field-Path Rambles,
by Walker Miles, published by Messrs. R. E.
Taylor & Son, of 51, Old Street, Aldersgate.
Mr. " WTalker Miles " is obviously a con-
scientious and ardent pedestrian, and his
work is a marvel of topography in detail.
We havo tested this booklet on Mid-Surrey in
many places, and never found it wrong ;
and, indeed, it would be impossible for the
tourist to go wrong in following these plain,
unadorned directions. It should be in
the pocket of every Surrey pedestrian, and
forms, we believe, the latest sectional
issue of the " Mid-Surrey Series." We have
also before us the complete volumes of
rambles about Canterbury and Kent Coast,
East Surrey, and Eastbourne. These are illus-
trated, bound in cloth, and of a handy shape
for the pocket. The special and commendable
feature of all is the fact that they preserve
paths and byways for the public use, and
give exact and frequent indications of dis-
tance. In these days of encroachments by
owners, big and small, on public rights, and
of main roads rendered intolerably dusty
by motor traffic, the scheme does not need
commendation. We are glad to learn that
the South -Eastern and Chat ham Railway now
issue special cheap tickets for country
rambles, and can strongly commend Mr.
Miles's guides as putting a. natural means of
health and enjoyment within the reach of
most people.
Londoners can take Tramway Trips and
Rambles, by A. E. Davies and E. E. Gower,
issued by the same firm, which provides
cheap and varied tours to picturesque, but
little known centres. The Londoner is. we
feai , lazy as a, rule, but we hope t his modified
exercise will lead to wider excursions, in
which the ride is merely a means of staiting
at a. good point.
Mr. James Baker's booklet on Th* Harro-
gate Tou/rist Centre (Simpkin & Marshall)
pivos a. fair idea, of what ma\ be done in a
\i-it of ten days to mi attractive region.
lie writes with spirit, and t here are numei ous
illustrations interspersed in the text, with
more references to matters of" literary interest
than the usual guide book affords.
r 1 1 E AT II KX7KUM
X UOO. May 86, 1906
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Mit. Johm Mi unw publishes Sidelights
on tin II '...-. /,'•'. Movement, bj Bit Robert
Ami' raon, a volume which is uot in the 1 1 n< •
of ih> Athenctwn, and does not deal with
those points of recent Irish history which
we have been compelled to treal on account
of discrepancies between biographical wi
reviewed bj us. The origin ol Home Kule
Bills, discussed bj us on the varying state-
ments of Mr. Churchill in his life of lord
Randolph Churchill, Mr. O'Brien in his
life of Parnell, Mr. Morley in liis life
of Gladstone, and other books, dors no!
arise in connexion with Sir Robert Ander-
son's pages. He deals with Secret Service
work, with the conflict between The Times
and Parnell, and the circumstances which
were then revealed or, as it was thought,
disproved. Sir Roberl Anderson takes a
different view of the facts from Mr. Morley,
but admits that there is conflict not reducible
to the test of proof.
THE clever, hut rather spitefully chosen
quotation which faces the title of Joseph
Chamberlain: an Honest Biography, made
us expect a book altogether different from
what we find. Mr. Alexander Mackintosh
displayspatient research and sound judgment :
lie gives us a volume which we can praise,
though it is too strictly political, in the
personal and party sense, to be reviewed at
length in our pages. The passages which
concern historical events, such as the Kil-
mainham treaty and the origin of Home
Rule, yield no new facts, but are carefully
handled, without apparent prejudice. The
later episodes — the Boer war, the Tariff
controversy, and the attacks on Mr. Chamber-
lain for inconsistency — are, we incline to
say, written from the point of view of an
opponent ; but Mr. Chamberlain's alleged
complicity in the Jameson raid is re-
jected, and the impression of a scrupulous
wish to be fair is maintained. The official
party biographies of living statesmen are
seldom satisfactory, and it is doubtful
whether Mr. Chamberlain may not prefer
Mr. Alexander Mackintosh to some of them.
Mr. Louis Creswicke is, perhaps, better than
Mr. Mackintosh for the earliest years :
neither of them gives a full account of Mr.
Chamberlain's action, 1869-71, as chairman
of the Education League. One matter of
history alluded to by Mr. Mackintosh de-
serves a word of comment. Following the
usual belief, he writes of " the Fashoda
affair, which brought France and this country
to the brink of war. . . The French Govern-
ment hesitated." This is net so. Thete
was not the faintest risk of war, as the French
Government had not the remotest intention
of fighting for a position on the Nile. The
" hesitation " was for public opinion. Tho
overtures of Germany were declined by
Fiance, and although she incurred large
expenditure, and packed Tunis and Algeria
with troops, it was by way of defensive
action against apprehended attack I, us.
For that apprehension there was, at that
time, no warrant, though we should hesitate
to say the same with regard to the later
stages of the then more dangerous question
of Newfoundland. Messrs. Hodder & Stough-
ton publish Mr. Mackintosh's book.
The Jottings of an Old Solicitor (John
Murray) comprise recollections of obsolete
practice and suggestions as to legal reform,
illustrated by many anecdotes which have
been stored in Sir .John Jlollams's retentive
memory. The book is inevitably addressed
less to the general public than to those pro-
fessionally engaged in the courts of law.
Sir John has also been constrained to omit
reference to many interesting cases which
Itl not be " called w ithout <ii I
living, and to suppn sinan) drai
which were Stifled I i. i lite these
honourable limitations, his book is full of
i 1 1 1 1 n t. He fully ' tention
e\ i m of the ordinary and non lit i -^ i ■ ■
man u hen he arf ties i lent
freedom "i appeal a% tending t'> reduce
litigation to a gamble ; and he writes much
to the point on the reform of the circuit
tem ami the law of contract. But the
general reader will lie attracted, it is In be
i (I, less by Sir .John Hollams as a would be
rectifier of professional abuses and incon-
sistencies than by Sir John Hollams. the
excellent st c.ry-tellt r. The extent to which
the law was formerly governed by techni-
calities is well brought out by a barrister's
audacious retort when told by Sir .John
Jervis, the Chief Justice of the Court of
Common I'leas, that his argument was op-
posed to the honesty and justice of the I
"1 know it, my lord," said the unabashed
counsel ; " I prefer arguing against the
honesty and justice of a case." Before the
law of liability was altered, one of Sir John's
clients bought one share of five pounds,
because he thought the project would be to
the advantage of his tenants, and ultimately
had to pay about 80,000/. Sir John came
to town in 1840, and in his vivacious pages
he passes under discriminating, yet charit-
able review the legal luminaries of that day
and later. He pays due compliment to
Lord Campbell's inexhaustible energies, but
regards him as having been fond of taking
the popular side. We get a most refreshing
glimpse of Wetherell, arrayed in a night-
shirt " which had doubtless been white " ;
and it is interesting to find the display of
shirt due to neglect of braces, the historic
" lucid interval," confirmed on Sir John's
unimpeachable authority. Here is an amus-
ing story about Wilde, afterwards Lord
Truro. " That is the plaintiff's case," said
the opposing counsel. " That 's the plaintiff's
case," thrice cried Wilde with emphasis.
Then up got the foreman of the jury : " My
lord, we think there is no case." Sir John
does full justice to the sterling abilities of
Lord Bramwell ; to the prodigiovis memory
of Sir George Honyman — a memory compar-
able, apparently, to that of Macaulay or
Porson — and to the virtues and foibles of
many a well-known name. He is sparing
of Jesseliana, but it may be that he thinks
they have been overdone. A word of com-
mendation is due in conclusion to the
modesty with which Sir John Hollams refers
to his own professional success, and to
the kindly advice administered by him to
aspirants in the junior branch of the law.
UEglise Catholique, sa Constitution, son
Administration, by Andre Mater (Paris,
Armand Colin), is a book both interesting
and useful at the present religious crisis in
France. It is not in any sense a polemical
work, but a manual of information on the
organization of tho Roman Catholic Church.
Tho author, however, makes it clear that,
while on matters of historical fact he relies
upon tho testimony of historians represent-
ing all schools of thought, on matters of
doctrine he gives the official opinion of the
Church. To aid serious students in their
researches, he adds to each section a very
elaborate bibliography, which seems to be
the result of great industry, and which
includes the works of not a few Anglican
authorities on ecclesiastical history.
Tho book has been produced in connexion
with the separation of Church and State in
France, and the author gives an interesting
reason for the need of such a work at this
time. He points out that until this year
the Roman Catholics of the world, apart
from the 29 millions whom tho Church
claims in 11. I ■ . . iiiniil" n d 1"<3
millions in countries where the Roi
Church Ognized and paid by the
Mali-, and only 68 millions in count
where tl no form of establishn
ting it, of w hom over 40 millioi
in North and South Alini :.< . the
nit; of tin- French B the
1 lol o no Ion. phonal
the situation of the ( 'huich in lands wl
it 1^ not recognized or supported by tho
State, for by the uddition to ti - '■>'
of France, which con' - 1 ounted
BS nominal Catholics, the State -aided Roman
( 'hiirch is now only 1 1 5 million'- strong, w hile
there are (IT) millions of Catholics living under
the opposite rigime. The h.
Verification and are not complete, and in
any case are. of course, only approxin
Rut whatever their absolute value, they
prove that relatively, by th< -la-
tion in France, the unestablished Catholic
Church is now almost as numerous as the
bUshed, in Europe as well as in the
Western Hemisphere. The consequence of
this great change is that nearly half the
Roman Catholics throughout the world are
now subject, in all matt' rs of ecclesiastical
administration, solely to the canon and
customary laws of the Church, uninterfered
with by any concordatory prerogatives of
the civil power.
The opportuneness of this work is there-
fore manifest, and in its 450 pages it covers
a large number of subjects, many of them
of a highly technical character, which could
not be appropriately reviewed in these
columns, even if space permitted it. The
book bezins with an exposition of the
sources and nature of Canon Law. to which
is added a chapter on Customary Law, with
especial reference to its features in the
Gallican Church. The authority of the
Church and the rights of the laity are then
treated, after which the ecclesiastical law of
association is dealt with, and the difference
explained between " religious orders " and
" congregations," the two being frequently
confused by French writers. The central
organization of the Holy See is described,
and this is followed by a detailed exposition
of diocesan and parochial organization.
Chapters are also included on ecclesiastical
property, and other sources of revenue, on
the various kinds of missions, and on eccle-
siastical tribunals and their attributes.
If it were within our province to criticize
a work of this kind, we might take exception
to certain positions held by the author, as,
for example, in the much-discussed question
as to whether the Organic Articles of 1802
were or were not repudiated by the Holy
See. We have also noticed certain omissions,
some of which are important. In a work
published in France, primarily for the n-e
of Frenchmen, there ought to have been an
account of the niensa cpiscopalis and mensa
curialis, the endowments in real estate
which belong to episcopal sees and to parishes
respectively ; but we can find no reference
to either. Moreover, certain subjects of
great interest, historical or actual, are treated
too briefly nnd superficially. The history
of the Inquisition is thus incompletely dealt
with, as also the highly important question
of annullation of marriage, which since the
legalization of divorce in France has been
much sought after by French Catholics.
Rut faults of disproportion are inevitable
in a small work which attempts to deal with
a vast range of subjects, ami in spite of its
delects the volume can be recommended as
a useful and learned book of reference.
Wi: have received a second edition of .1
propos de hi Separation des aglises ct de
VIS tat, par Paul Sabatier (Paris. Librairie
Fischbacher), the English rendeiing of which
N°4100, May 26, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
639
was noticed by us three weeks ago. There
is a new Preface of over seventy pages,
replying to criticisms.
Essays in the Making. By Eustace Miles.
(Rivingtons.) — At the end of this collection
of hints on the production of newspaper
articles we are cautioned against morbid
self-introspection and being fussy as to
health ; but no directions are given as to
the preservation of a healthy tone of mind.
An average person who followed Mr. Miles's
suggestions on diet, relaxation and tension
of muscles, breathing, mental gymnastics,
&c, would probably become a valetudi-
narian egoist. If he had any moments to
spare from the contemplation of his physical
economy, he might acquire a certain amount
of facility in giving fairly clear expression
to current ideas in correct English. We are
told, " Sometimes obscurity is the best
means of emphasis " ; but the context
shows that this is Milesian for " Sometimes
distinction of style is, in spite of occasional
obscurity, a means of impressiveness."
Cooking heads the list of " the right hobbies "
for making " more real your stock of ideas."
There are useful remarks on the art of reading,
but the importance of making sure that the
exact meaning of every word and phrase is
understood has escaped notice. Buildings
are said to be as " much a part of English
' geography ' as are her rivers, trees, hills,
and lakes." Railways, harbours, and coal
areas should be noticed under ' Geography '
before buildings, which are omitted in another
list wherein railways and coal areas are
included. The impression made upon us by
this treatise is that it has been hurriedly put
together by selection from a mass of lists
and notes such as are recommended, with
other systematic aids for collecting, connect-
ing, retaining, arranging, and expressing
ideas, to those who wish to practise the sad
mechanic exercise of writing essays.
Tom Burke of " Ours," with forty-four
illustrations by Phiz, and Lord Kilgobbin,
with eighteen illustrations by Luke Fildes,
complete Messrs, Macmillan's uniform edi-
tion of Lever's novels, which ought to give
pleasure to a host of readers. Incidentally,
while Lever amuses you, he teaches you some
military history.
The same firm send us Elizabeth and her
German Garden, with clever illustrations by
Simon Harmon Vedder, who has found some
vivid harmonies of colour. But every one
must be a little tired of the red hair which
figures so prominently hero, adorning the
lady's-maid as well as the mistress.
The second volume of Messrs. Macmillan's
excellent " Pocket Tennyson " includes In
Memoriam, Maud, and other Poems, most of
whichhave long since passed into the treasure-
house of English literature. Many of the
shorter poems, however, deserve more atten-
tion than they have received, and in some
eases have won the privilege of the classic,
which is misquotation.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLIS IF.
Theology.
Bigg (C), Wayside Sketches In Ecclesiastical History,
net.
Bremner (II. I..), 'Die Modern Pilgrimage from Theology to
Religion, Popular Edition, 2/6 net.
Care] | \ . i. I'n ions and P ••■ ins, 8 <'■ net,
i \ i. The Paith of the Bible, 2/8 net.
Edghill (I',. A), An Enquiry into the Evidential Value of
Prophecy, i 6
Fisher (G. P.), The Reformation, Revised Edition, I'm; net.
Hare(W. L.), Buddhist Religion, M. net.
Uorne (C. B.i The Relationships of Life, i B net
Horton ut. P.), Inspiration and the Bible, Eighth Edition,
|/net
James (J. DA Th«' Genuineness and Authorship of Hie
Ps toral Epistles, 3 6 net.
Bcholfleld (J. I-.), Divine authority, 2/8 net
Twnsend (W, -i), 'the Story of Methodist Union, 3/0
Law.
Burton (P. M.) and Scott (G. H. G.), The Law relating to
the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 3/6 net.
Williams (J.), Dante as a Jurist, 3/ net.
Fine Art and Archceology.
Amateur Photographer Little Books : To Make Bail Nega-
tives into Good, id. net.
Amsden (D.), Impressions of Ukiyo-ye, 6/ net.
Lang (A.), Portraits and Jewels of Mary Stuart, 8/6 net.
Pope (A.), The Old Stone Crosses of Dorset, 15/ net.
Rawlinson (W. G.), Turner's Liber Studiorum, Second
Edition, 20/ net.
Rembrandt, Part VI., 2/6 net.
Royal Academy Pictures, 1906, 3/ net ; Part III., 7d. net.
Royal Collection of Paintings at Buckingham Palace and
Windsor Castle : Vol. II. Windsor Castle, 2 vols. 420/
Vinycomb (J.), Fictitious and Symbolic Creatures in Art,
10/6 net.
Poetry and the Drama.
Ainslie (D.), John of Damascus, Fourth Edition, 3/6 net.
Anthology of French Poetry, compiled by F. Lawton, 1/6
net.
Heath (T. E.), Tales in Prose and Verse, and Dramas, 6/
Housman (L.), Mendicant Rhymes.
Marriage Symphony, 5/ net.
Reed (E.), Coincidences : Bacon and Shakespeare, 7/6 net.
Philosophy.
Hooper (C. E.), The Anatomy of Knowledge, 3/6 net.
Robertson (J. M.), A Short History of Freethought, 2 vols.,
21/ net.
Russell (J. E.), An Elementary Logic, 3/ net.
Political Economy.
Hare (H. E.), Tariff without Tears, Gd. net.
Ryan (J. A.), A Living Wage : its Ethical and Economic
Aspects, 4/6 net.
History and Biography.
Acts of the Privy Council of England, New Series :
Vol. XXXI., A.D. 1600-1, edited by J. R. Dasent, 10/
Admission Registers of St. Paul's School from 1876 to 1905,
edited bv Rev. R. B. Gardiner, 21/
Annual Register, 1905, 18/
Ball (W. W. R.), Trinity College, Cambridge, 1/6 net.
Burrage (C), The True Story of Robert Browne, 1550?-1633,
2/6 net.
Dyce (C. M.), Personal Reminiscences of Thirty Years'
Residence in the Model Settlement, Shanghai, 6/
Egerton (H. E.), The Claims of the Study of Colonial History
upon the Attention of the University of Oxford, 1/ net.
Lamed (J. N.), History for Ready Reference and Topical
Reading, 6 vols., Revised and Enlarged Edition, 126/
Mackintosh (A.), Joseph Chamberlain: an Honest Bio-
graphy, 10/6 net.
Prescott's Works, Vols. I. -XVI., Montezuma Edition, set of
22 vols., 275/ net.
Statesman's Year-Book, 1906, edited by J. S. Keltic
assisted by I. P. A. Renwick, 10/6 net.
Thorpe (T. E.), Joseph Priestley.
AVhish (C. W.), Reflections on some Leading Facts and
Ideas of History, 5/ net.
Geography and Travel.
Adams (I.), Persia by a Persian, 7/6
Baker (J.), The Harrogate Tourist Centre, 2/ net.
Brabant (F. G.), .Oxfordshire, illustrated by E. II. New,
2/6 net.
Davies (A. E.) and Gower (E. E.), Tramway Trips and
Rambles, 1/ net.
Field-Path Rambles, by Walker Miles : East Surrey Series,
6/ net ; Canterbury and Kent Coast Series," 4/ net ;
Eastbourne Series, 2/ net ; Series 28, Reigate, Kings-
wood, Horsley, Cookham, Ac, 1/net.
Jan-old's Illustrated Handbook to Felixstowe and Neigh-
bourhood, by L. Lingwood, Gd.
Purchas's Voyages, Vols. XL and XII., 12/6 net per vol.
Sports and Pastimes.
Golfing Annual, 1905, Edited by D. S. Duncan, 6/
Gwynn (s.), Fishing Holidays, 3/6
Philology.
Batchelor (Rev. J.), Ainu-English-Japanese Dictionary,
Second Edition, 21/ net.
FitzGerald (J. D.), Versification of the Cuaderna. Via as
found in Berceo's Vida de Santo Domingo de Silos.
Harvard Oriental Series, Vols. VII. and VIII. : Atharva-
Veda Samhita, translated by W. D. Whitney, edited by
c. K. Lanman, 21/ net.
IIolroyd(W. R. M.), Hindustani for Every Day, 8/ net.
School-Books.
Borchardt (W. G.). Junior Arithmetic, witli Answers, 2/
Keen ( T. ), Fables do I,a. Fontaine, I/O net.
Perrault, Contes du Temps passe, vol. II., edited by
G. Beyer and II. Cammartin, id. net.
Revolution franchise, edited by D. I,. Savory, (!«/. net.
Rippmann's Picture Vocabulary : German, First Series, 1/
net.
Skerry (G. I'"..), Civil Service Geography, 2/6 net.
Wordsworth's Simpler Poems, edited by E. Hutton, 3d.
Science.
Bardswell (X. D.). The Consumptive Working Man, lo/Onet.
Chamberlin (T. ( '.) and Salisbury (R. D.), Geology: Earth
History, Vols. II. and III., 21/ net each.
Edinburgh Stereoscopic Atlas of Anatomy, edited by D.
Wnterston, Section V. . 26/ net.
uarnett (\v. II. s.), Turbines, 8,0 net.
Haeckel (E.l. The Evolution of .Man: Vol. I., Human
Embryology or Ontogeny, Gd. net.
Jefferiea (il.), The < lamekeeper at Home, New Edition, 8/fl
Moult on (!•". P.), An Introducl ion to Astronomy, ^ net.
Naval I'oc ket-Book, edited by G. s. Laird Clowes, i 6 net.
Park (J.), A Text-Book of Mining Geology, 6/
Paterson (l l. J.), Gastric Surgery, 8/ net.
Paton(D. M.i, .Ne« Set urn Therapy, 6 net.
PlaynefH. C), Some Common Birds of the Neighbourhood
of Clifton, <«/. net.
RowleS (W. I'.), Every Man's Hook of Garden Difficulties,
net.
Stevens (T.) and Hobart(H. M.), Steam Turbine Engineering,
21/ net.
Wright (T. W.) and Hayford (J. F.), The Adjustment of
Observations by the Method of Least Squares, Second
Edition, 12/6 net.
General Literature.
Acebal (F.), Face to Face, and Dolorosa, Preface by Martin
Hume, 6/
Adcock (A. St. J.), London from the Top of a Bus, illustrated
by H. Irving, 1/ net.
Alcott (L. M.), Eight Cousins, New Edition, 6/
Asiatic Society of Bengal : Memoirs, Vol. I. Nos. 1 to 9.
Austin (L. F.'), Points of View, edited by Clarence Rook,
5/ net.
Baden-Powell (Major-General R. S. S.), Aids to Scouting,
1/ net.
Biddulph (Mrs. W.), Cressida, 6/
Brown (V.), Mrs. Grundy's Crucifix, 6/
Calthrop (D. C), King Peter, 6/
Cay (N.), In Hot Pursuit, 6/
Clifford (H.), Heroes of Exile, 6/
Cotes (Mrs. Everard), Set in Authority, 6/
Crawfurd (O.), The Revelations of Inspector Morgan, 6/
Discrepant World (A), by the Author of 'Through Spectacles
of Feeling,' 6/
Dumas : Companions of Jehu, 2 vols. ; The Whites and the
Blues, 2 vols., 2/6 net each.
Hardwicke (W. W), Sunday Observance, Gd.
Harte (Mrs. E. B.), The Price of Silence, 6/
Hawthorne (N.), Transformation (York Library), 2/ net.
Heywood (J.), A Dialogue of the Effectual Proverbs in the
English Tongue concerning Marriage, edited by J. S.
Farmer, 5/ net.
Hobson (F. E.), Shifting Scenes, 2/6 net.
Horton (G.), A Fair Insurgent, 6/
Hutchinson (H. G.), Amelia and the Doctor, 6/
Hyatt (A. H.), The Pocket Dickens, Favourite Passages,
2/ net.
Lady Betty across the Water, edited by C. N. and A. M.
Williamson, 6/
Levy (O.), The Revival of Aristocracy, translated by L. A.
Magnus, 3/6 net.
Lives in a Lowland Parish, 1/
Lonsdale (H. M.), The Dread Ardrana, 6/
Marsh (F.), A Romance of Old Folkestone, 6/
Mellish (K.), Cookery and Domestic Management, 32/ net.
Miniature Reference Library : 5,000 Words frequently
Mis-spelt, 1/ net.
Morgan-de-Groot (J.), The Bar Sinister, 6/
Murray (G. P.), The Fountain of Youth, 6/ net.
Rouse (W. H. D.), Words of the Ancient Wise from Epictetus
and Marcus Aurelius, 3/6 net.
Ruthven (E. C), The Uphill Road, 6/
Sudermann (II.), The Undying Past, translated by B.
Marshal, 6/
Thome (G.), Made in His Image, 6/
Tozer (S.), Shipping Guide, 1906, 5/
Tynan (K.), The Adventures of Alicia, 6/
Ward (Mrs. Humphry), Fenwick's Career, Edition de Luxe,
2 vols. 21/ net.
World's Classics : Borrow's Romany Rye ; Gibbon's The
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vols. VI. and
VII., 1/ net each.
FOREIGN.
Music
Cornelius (P.), Der Barbier von Bagdad. Text, 20pf.
Musiker-Biographicn : Peter Cornelius, von Dr. E. Istel,
20pf.
Fine Art and Archceology.
Ve'nerie (La), 1852-70, Texte et Dessins par E. Jadin, 300fr.
History and Biography.
Bane (A.), La TrageMie serbe, 3fr. 50
Beaucaron (R. "de), Souvenirs d'anciennes Families
champenoises et bourguignonnes, 1175-1906, 7fr. 50
Bothe (Dr. F.), Beitriige zur Wirtschafts- und Sozial-
geschichte der Reichsstndt Frankfurt, 4m. 60
Duault (J. L.), Napoleon en Italie, lOfr.
Peisker (J.), Die iilferen Beziehungen der Slawen zu
Turko-tataren und Germanen.
Perini (General II. de), Batailles franchises: Vol. V. 1072-
1715, 3fr. 50.
Ravelsberg (F. S. von), Metternich und seine Zeit, Vol. I.
General Literature.
Davignon (II.), Le Courage d'aimer, 3fr. 50
Floran (M.), < limine! ? 3fr. 50
Maindron (M.\ L'Arbre de Science, Bfr. 50
Sabatier (P.), A propos de la Separation des Eglises et
de l'Etat, Second Edition, 3fr.
Vauderc (J. de la), Lotusai, 3fr. 50
*»* All Books received at the office up to Wednesday
Morning will lie included in this List unless previously
noted. Publishers are requested to state )>riccs when
sending Books.
HENRY GOUGH.
Mr. Henry (iot'cn, well known to a past
generation as the compiler of the valuable
and exhaustive Index to the publications
of the Parker Society, died at Redhill on
the 15th inst., at the age of eighty-four.
In his earlier years ho was called to the Bar
as a member of the Middle Temple, but
retired after a short time from legal practit e
its n conveyancer, and devoted himself to
heraldic and antiquarian studies. Ilr was
the original author of the 'Glossary of
Heraldry,' published anonymously in 1 si 7.
and in vol. in. of the ' Records of Bucking-
hamshire ' and in The Scottish Historical
Hi view articles on kindred subjects aro to be
r,jn
T ii E a tii i:x.i;r m
N#4100, .May 26, 1906
found. 'I'" tin- Tra th< Buoh
inghamshire Bociet) contributed a
1 1 - 1 of I k - !■ lut ing to tli mty, ^ hich
w .i ■ ui i -i -ijn. iii i\ i .in I iii j i epar ate form.
II: own .MS. and printed colleotiona ror
Bedfordi hii e, I lucki hire, and Middle
■ex, are verj exten ive. To the publioati
of the Camden Society in Lte Brsl -cries he
made a minute and voluminous index, the
ater part of which remains in .MS. in 1 1 » » -
; m of 1 he Sooiety.
■d in theological subjects and a
devoul Btudent of Holy Scripture, he pub-
liahed in 1855 'The Quotations in the N.T.
from the O.T. collated with the Hebrew and
Greek Texts,' a volume which met with
much approval and is now scarce. For I
late Lord Ashburnham he edited in 1868
• Librorum Levitioi el Numerorum Versio
Antique Itala.' from a MS. in the Earl's
library, and as an expert pakeologist de-
scribed many MSB. in the catalogue <>f his
collect ion. For the late Marquis of Bute he
edited in 1888 ' Documents relating to the
Campaign of K. Edward I. in Scotland in
120S.' and in 1900 the ' Itinerary of Ed-
ward [.throughout liis Reign,1 in two volumes ;
while at the time of being laid aside by infir-
mity he had almost completed printing the
register of a guild at Luton, in sumptuous
form, from a .MS. in the possession of the
Marquis, and was engaged upon collections
relating to the Templars in Scotland. He
was consulted with regard to the heraldic
decorations in Cardiff Castle, and selected
and arranged the shields in the great hall.
" G. E. C," in vol. i. of ' The Complete
Peerage,' 1887, p. 112, quotes him as "one
of the most accurate genealogists of the
present century."
SOME UNPUBLISHED LETTERS OF
CHARLES LAMB.
Major Btjtterworth ( A thenceum, May 19,
p. 609) is undoubtedly right in assigning to
the year 1801 the mutilated letter (No. 3)
to Manning printed in Mr. Dobell's interest-
ing communication (Athenaeum, May 5th,
p. f>4(>). He is, however, mistaken in his
interpretation of the phrase " the Northern
confederacy." Lamb asks Manning whether
he troubles his head about politics — " about
Peace," for example, " or the Northern
confederacy." Tiie reference here unques-
tionably is to the Neutral League, or
Armed Neutrality of the North, founded
by the Baltic Powers in 1780, and revived
in 1800 under the patronage of the Tsar
Paul of Russia. The death of Paul (March
23rd, 1801) and the bombaidment of Copen-
hagen (April 2nd) put an end to this
" Northern confederacy."
B3 September, 1801, the question of
" Peace " between France and England had
become a topic of universal and excited
discussion. On September 2nd a conven-
tion was signed between the French and
English generals in Egypt. On October 9th,
1801, Lamb writes to Rickman: " Peace is
all the cry here — fireworks, lights, &c,
abound. White stationed himself at Temple
Bar among the boys, and threw squibs ;
burned one man's cravat." The fireworks,
&c, were expressions of London's rejoicing
over the Bigrung of the prelirninai ies of peace.
The mutilated letter aforesaid appears to
have been written during Lamb's holitl.i.\
sojourn at Margate (September 7th ! 23rd),
'You certainly imagined that London had
been in your road ; and misled me," writes
Land) to Manning: this is explained by the
opening sentence of the letter to Manning
dated August 31st, 1801: "I heard that
you were going to China. . . .but I did not
know that London lay in y< ur way to Pekin."
in, in this torn lettei I
ilropt h word.... as if sou would join me
ii ie n ork, ach ai a ret iew
pup' n, i or anj t King, \\ •
eriou . . .or was it . a^ < :. I )j . < n
passant ■ " This is illustrated bj a
in the letter to Rickman dated November 24th
1801 : " lb- [George Dyer] talks of marrying,
but this < " pa, and < ntrt
nous," .\ ' . Lastly, Lamb writ* "I feel
ii I wen- going to leave off business" —
a frame of mind not unusual with him during
his holidays and for a little while after. On
the whole, then, we may with tolerable
certainty place this fragmentary letter to
Manning alter Letter 88 (Augu I 31 t, 1801)
in Mr. Lucas's edition, its belonging to the
i ion niont Ii (September) of 1801.
T. HUT( m\ -ov.
THE BIRTH-YEAR OF
HENRY V.
4, Lawn Road, (f.W.
Hithf.rto great uncertainty has prevailed
as to the exact year in which Henry V. was
born, and various guesses have been made,
such as 1384, 1386, 1387, 1388, and even 1390.
The year most usually accepted has been
1387, which has been adopted in the ' Dic-
tionary of National Biography ' (xxvi. 43),
and placed on the king's statue in Agincourt
Square at Monmouth. But 1 have long been
convinced that the true date is 1380, and
now at length the proof has come. An
extract from Vitellius A. xvi. just published
by Mr. Kingsford ('Chronicles of I ondon,'
p. 207) states directly that the king was born
in 10 Richard II., which year began on
Juno 22nd, 13S0, and ended on June 21st,
1387 ; and as wTe know that Henry was
born in August, it follows with certainty that
his birthday fell in August, 1380 — a date
quite consistent with the statement given by
William of Worcester, p. 442, though un-
fortunately Mr. Kingsford, in his Introduc-
tion (p. xlvi), has drawn the inferenco that
the king was born in 1387.
J. Hamilton Wyi.te.
' A HISTORY OF MODERN LIBERTY.'
From the University of St. Andrews Prof.
James Mackinnon has sent us a long letter
on the review of the above book on May 5th.
We give the points of it that seem essential.
Throughout it is suggested that our judgment
was warped by admiration of Acton's views
and ideas on the subject. The reviewer
"quarrels with the plan of the work, or rather
with the absence of a plan. Would lie kindly re-
read the preface? 'My object in the following
volumes is to trace the development of liberty as
exemplified in modern history.' In carrying out
this plan, J have elaborated thefaotora that made
for liberty throughout the Middle Ages and the
period of the Reformation in Western and Central
Europe. J cannot help it it your critic is either
so obtuse that he cannot, or so malicious that be
will not, see the realization of this plan. If he
cannot find 'continuity of Bubjeot or idea' in this
patient attempt to set forth in chapter by chapter
the forces that made for political, social, intel-
lectual, and religious liberty, throughout the
periods named, he in us! simply continue to nurt me
bis disappointment, and keep clear oi the remain-
ing volumes of this work."
Prof. Mackinnon then comments on the
\ ery wide scope of Acton'a scheme, and adds:
"1 really cannot undertake to kill myself out-
right by writing a whole library to please the
reviewer, ur mar my work by compiling an en-
cyclopu di.i • 1 ■. . ,-it. if this v.
.•I i ,'•■'•
■i lent on the of banej in the ai
Midd Would h<- kindly particular
and
with mod . ! Wan, for ii '
many reformed in ili<- sixteenth century U^-auae
the Mauic-ha-aius h«-ld that they had a
indulge in the lusts of the fletih in the -lie
• d beoat di»-
■nh of the Council ,,i Trent pas* without
notice.' Would be inform me ••• has dis-
red that the Council of Trent was a factor in
the development of modern liberty ? On I
band, some thii . ncluded which he
omitted. ' Ai inization in the
nth century r I as a whole, the
reader may be at s loss to undi I the ah*.
of allusion to " serfishneas in the second volun
Has he read the aooounts of the peasant i
Germany and England given in chaps, iv. and
of that volume
On th< - it would be idle to
comment. The Pro idea of the
iy of liberty is clearly too different from
our own to allow of a common basis of die-
on. We notice that he does not rebut
our attack on his historical compt
He goes on to complain that he is unfairly
treated because he does not belong to
such and such a university or club — a
suggestion, we think, unworthy of him and
ourselves — and finally says that our " flov.
of speech," detached from their cont<
are as choice as his own. That falls under
the heading " De Gustibus," and Ls outside
dispute.
ICitcrarn ©asstp.
In The Cornhill Magazine for June Sir
A. Conan Doyle tells how lie came to write
his pamphlet ' The War in Soutli Africa :
its Cause and Conduct,' which was trans-
lated into twenty different languages ; how
it was received, and how the surplus pro-
ceeds were used. Mr. David Hannay deals
with the history of ' The King's Spanish
Regiment ' — the " Zamora " — of which
King Edward VII. is colonel ; while a
paper by Mr. E. S. P. Haj'nes is concerned
with some unpublished letters of Lady
Hamilton and " Horatia." Mr. Frederick
Boyle writes on ' Ancient Gardening,' and
F. S. contributes a tale in verse entitled
' A Mediaeval Romance.' The number
concludes with an article on ' The Birds
of London, Past and Present.' written by
Mr. F. H. Carruthers Gould, and illustrated
with drawings by F. C. G.
Lord Moncreiff will contribute to
Blackwood for June an article on ' The
Verdict Not Proven.' The number will
also contain a paper on ' The Persian Gulf '
by the author of ' -V Journey to Sanaa."
'In the Heart of the Coolins' describes
a climber's paradise in the island of Skye,
and ' The Purification of San Francisco,1
Chinatown, and other prominent local
features which have been swept away by
the earthquake. There are also include 1
a humorous poem by C. N. B., entitled
"The Christian Scientist'; 'Broken
Heeds : England and Athens.' by Mr.
T. E. Kebbel ; and articles on ' The
Volunteer Problem ' and Fontenoy.
A mkmoik of Augustus Austen Leigh,
the late Provost of King's College, Cam-
bridge, edited by his brother, Mr. William
N°4100, May 26, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
641
Austen Leigh, Fellow of King's, will be
published by Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co.
next Tuesday, with two portraits, under
the title ' Augustus Austen Leigh, Provost
of King's College, Cambridge : a Record
of College Reform.' While the memoir is
primarily intended for his relations and
friends, and for the members of the college
with which his life was identified, others
will be interested in reading an account of
the work effected by the late Provost.
Mr. Werner Laurie is publishing
• Names and Phrases : their Origins and
Meanings,' by Mr. Trench H. Johnson,
which is described as the outcome of a
lifetime of omnivorous reading. The in-
dustry displayed in the volume is remark-
able.
Mr. John Lane announces the imme-
diate publication of an English translation
of Sienkiewicz's new novel ' The Field of
Glory.' Sienkiewicz is best known to
English and American readers as the
author of ' Quo Vadis 1 '
Many scholars will be glad to learn that
good progress has been made towards
the completion of the catalogue of Hun-
terian MSS. at Glasgow University, a
considerable part of the catalogue being
already in type. It includes all the lite-
rary, antiquarian, and historic treasures
in MS. form, chiefly relating to media? val
times, collected by Dr. William Hunter,
the celebrated physician and anatomist.
Mr. A. B. Todd, editor and proprietor
of the Cumnock Express, is probably the
oldest working journalist in the country,
being eighty-three years of age. His
father was only nine years younger than
Burns, with whom he was intimate, and
Mr. Todd has many reminiscences of the
poet derived from this source. These,
with other interesting matter relating to
the past of literary and journalistic Scot-
land, will appear in ' The Poetical W'orks
and Autobiography of A. B. Todd,' to be
published shortly by Messrs, Oliphant,
Anderson & Ferrier. Mr. Todd is now in
enjoyment of a Government annuity.
A Literary Theatre Club has been
formed for the production of Oscar Wilde's
' Salome ' at the King's Hall, Covent
Garden, on Sunday, June 10th, and
Monday, June 18th.
An excessively rare item of Stevenson's
work is announced for sale this week at
tiic Anderson Auction-Rooms in New
York. It is a set — apparently one of
only two known — of ' The Bottle Imp '
as printed in a Samoan newspaper in
1891. With this will be included two
numbers of Black and White of the same
year, containing the first publication of
the story in England; and a copy of
the same journal for February 6th, is!»7,
with an account of the acquisition of the
Samoan issue. It is stated that ' The
Bottle Imp ' was the first serial story ever
read by the Samoans in their own language.
Mkssks. T. C. ft E. C. .1 uk intend to
Complete the issue of 'The Century Bible/
and the writers of the ten volumes re
quired are now announced.
At a time when much ingenuity is being
expended on the subject of possible in-
vasions of this country, an authentic
narrative of one of the very few attempts
of the kind that have been even partially
successful will be of special interest. The
story of the French raid on Brighton in
the reign of Henry VIII. will form the
subject of a paper to be read before the
Royal Historical Society next autumn by
Dr. James Gairdner. It will be illustrated
by an exact reproduction of a contem-
porary coloured plan which represents the
town and shipping in flames, and the
royal standard of France planted on the
Parade.
' Printers' Pie, 1906,' was published
yesterday from the offices of The Sphere
and The Taller. Mr. W. Hugh Spottis-
woode, whose energy has done so much for
the scheme, has secured the usual galaxy
of authors, and more illustrations than
ever, so that a unique shillingsworth is to
be had.
Messrs. Constable will publish almost
immediately an essay in historical romance
of unusual interest, ' A German Pompa-
dour : being the Extraordinary History of
Wilheimine von Gravenitz, Landhof-
meisterin of Wirtemberg,' by Marie Hay.
This German Pompadour is the famous
mistress of Eberhard Ludwig, Grand Duke
of Wurttemberg. Her memory, after two
hundred years, is still regarded by the
descendants of her protector's people as a
thing too sinister for polite conversation.
The author, a daughter of the late Lord
Dupplin, is the wife of the late German
Imperial Charge d' Affaires at Stuttgart,
and found in the archives there her
materials.
The prospectus and regulations for
exhibitors in connexion with the Country
in Town Exhibition, which will be held
in the Whitechapel Art Gallery from
July 5th to 19th, are now ready, and may
be had from the Honorary Secretary,
Mr. Wilfred Mark Webb, at Toynbee Hall,
28, Commercial Street, Whitechapel, E.
Temple Bar for June contains a paper
on Ruskin by Mr. W. G. Collingwood,
having special reference to the commemo-
ration at Venice, and opening with pas-
sages translated from a letter written " by
one of the chief actors in the ceremony."
Mrs. Townshend contributes a record of
'The Education of a Viscount in the
Seventeenth Century,' compiled from the
letters and papers of the Cork family.
' L'Aristocrate,' by Mr. D. K. Broster,
treats of an episode in the first French
Revolution ; and ' Paudeen in the Woods,'
by Mr. W. M. Letts, describes one of the
most poetic of Irish superstitions.
Tiir June number of Macmillans
Magazine has an article on 'Russia in
Revolution,' by Mr. Lionel James, and a
paper on 'The Decline of the Ballet in
England,' by Mr. S. L. Bensusan. 'The
Adulteration of Butter* is treated by Mi.
H. L. Puxley ; Mr. Herman Scheffauer
describes ' A Victory over Vesuvius ' ;
while Mr. Hugh Philpotl writes on 'Our
Beggars,9 and Mr. H. C. Maedowall on
< 'oir.eille,
' The Zoological Gardens,' in the
manner of Herodotus, is the subject just
set at Oxford for the Gaisford Prize for
Greek Prose.
The literary interest of the French
elections lies in the first appearance in
the House of M. Theodore Reinach, and
the return after an absence of his brother,
M. Joseph Reinach, and of M. Barres.
We congratulate our esteemed contributor
M. Joseph Reinach upon having regained
the seat which he lost owing to the con-
spicuous civic courage displayed by him
in the famous case of which he is the
historian.
Among the many prizes — in money and
medals — announced on Friday in last
week at the Academie des Inscriptions
et Belles-Lettres, the more important were
those won by M. Jules Gay for ' L'ltalie
meridionale et 1' Empire byzantin depuis
T Avenement de Basile 1" jusqu'a la Prise
de Bari par les Normands, 867-1071,' of
the value of 2,000 fr. ; by MM. Samaran
and G. Mollat for ' La Fiscalite pontificate
en France au quatorzieme Siecle,' 600 fr. ;
and by M. P. Champion for ' Guillaume
de Flavy, Capitaine de Compiegne,' 400fr.
These 3,000fr. formed the Prix Bordin.
Two" stormy petrels ' ' of French j ournal-
ism have passed away during the last week.
M. Cuneo d'Ornano, who was born in
Rome in 1845, was on the staff of the
Courrier de France in 1872, and contributed
to a number of other journals, including
La Presse, besides founding at Angouleme
Le Sttffrage Universel des Charentes, an
uncompromising Bonapartist paper ; M.
Cuneo d'Ornano was elected deputy for
the arrondissement of Cognac in March,
1876, and maintained his seat up to the
time of his death. M. Henri Brissac, who
has just died at the age of eighty-five, was
a prominent figure during the war and
the Commune ; he was arrested in May,
1871, and condemned to penal servitude
for life. After the amnesty he returned
from New Caledonia, and was connected
with various journals. He published his
' Souvenirs de Prison et de Bagne.'
In The Athenaeum of July 14th, 1900,
it was asked, " Which is the genuine copy
of UAmi dii Peuple stained with the blood
of Marat I " The question has once
more become an "actuality" through
the gift to the Bibliotheque Nationale, by
the Baron de Vinck and his son. of their
collection of prints and portraits of
events and men from 1770 to the present
day. The collection is in over 400 cartons,
and includes a copy of No. 678 of VAmi
du Peuple, dated August 13th, 1702. and
purporting to bear the above-mentioned
stain. A note on the margin by Col.
Maurin, written in 1X37, states that he
got the copy from Marat's sister.
We have to announce the death of a
Danish author and art historian, l>r. Th.
Bierfreund, on the I6tb inst., at the age
of titty-one. Among his wi rks may he
mentioned an essay on Shakspeare and
his art, and hooks on Florence". Raphael,
Rembrandt, &c, some of which are, we
believe, to be published in England.
642
Til E ATI! ENJ2UM
N lino, May ■._'<;, 1906
Mk. II i .p. i m \s s announces a w n
edition of the \\ ork • ol [been, edited, and
obiefly translated, b\ Mr. William Archer.
\ M&. Heinemann holds the copyright ol
all Ibsen's later plays, this "ill be tin-
only complete edition that has so Ear been
issued. The first volume will be ready
eai 1\ m dune, and the series will he com-
pleted in monthly i- ".• making eleven
volumes in alL
Ar the monthly meeting <>f the Board
of Directors ol the Bookfleflers' Provident
Institution held on Thursday, the 17th
inst., the sum of 111/, was voted to
56 members and widows of members.
Ten members were elected, and three
applications for membership were received.
We note the publication of the follow-
ing Parliamentary Paper : Special Report
on School Training for the Home Duties
of Women — Part 2, Belgium, Sweden,
Norway, Denmark, Switzerland, and
France (Is. 6tt.). We allude to others
under ' Science Gossip.'
SCIENCE
RESEARCH NOTES.
It is but natural that earthquakes should
just now receive a great deal of attention,
and Mr. Milne's Bakerian Lecture on the
subject leaves nothing to be desired on the
score of fullness. The great part played by
Japan in the scientific observation of earth-
quakes was duly noticed, and it was men-
tioned that the Seismological Investigation
Committee at Tokio has already published
seventy quarto volumes of records. For
the rest, the lecturer was of opinion that
earthquakes of the first magnitude are gene-
rally, if not always, accompanied by the
displacement of large masses of material
within the earth's crust, and he suggests
the probability that in such cases the crust
of the earth is moved as a whole, or, to use
his own simile, like a sheet of ice upon an
ocean swell. He is of opinion that obser-
vations supply data from which we can fix
the depth of the earth's crust, or, in other
words, the point at which the materials of
which it is constructed cease to exhibit the
physical properties which they possess at its
surface. This point he fixes at about thirty
miles down, lower than which, he thinks, they
merge into a " homogeneous nucleus with a
high rigidity," though he does not attempt to
decide the point raised by other observers
as to whether a solid in such circumstances
of pressure would not exhibit most of the
mechanical propeities of a liquid. On the
whole, Mr. Milne's conclusions agree fairly
well with those of M. de Montessus de
Ballore, whose book on ' Les Tremblements
de Terre ' appeared, with a preface by M.
Lapparent, not long before the San Francisco
catastrophe. M. de Ballore thinks that
the ocean floor, which he conceives as, con-
sisting of an extremely thick layer of small
particles, arriving in the course of ages at
something like a level, and of course made
rigid by the enormous pressure of the super-
incumbent mass of water, accounts for most
of the phenomena. Both he and Mr. Milne
are agreed that earthquakes are to be looked
for along what he calls geosynclinal lines,
which are permanent lines of dislocation
and fracture of the earth's crust, generally
marked by chains of mountains whose
sides descend abruptly into the sea. He
ftp how ing t In- coin
which run louehiy along the northern <
Of the M ■ .III- r i .on an. B I < « 1.1 ral
to Japan, and again down the w< *t< rn coa
ol \"i ili and Sout h America.
In the same number of thi Royal
Proceedings in which Mr. Mime's lecture
app< to be found a paper by Mr.
Marconi describing the means whereby
radiation can be, according to hiui, confined
to one direction. In principle, he D •
wire ot other conductor ,-trctclad hori-
zontally lit a short distance from the surface
oi the earth or water, and connected to one
ball ol a Bpark-gap, the other ball of winch
is connected with the earth. In tl
circumstances he claims that the radiations
emitted attain their maximum in the vertical
plane of the horizontal wire, and proceed
chiefly from the end which is connected
to the Bpark-gap. He gives many diagn
showing that, though radiation takes place,
as was formerly supposed, all round the
point of emission- to use the classical simile,
like the ripples produced by throwing a stone
into a pond — their minimum efficiency is,
under the conditions named, at a distance
of about 100° from the point of emission,
the efficiency again increasing regularly
until it reaches its second (but inferior)
maximum at a point situate 180° from that
first mentioned. Since the appearance of
Mr. Marconi's paper, it has been stated in
our contemporary The Electrician that the
principle here described is not new, having
already been used in an American patent.
Another attempt to transmit not merely
telegraphic signals, but also mechanical
power, to a considerable distance by means
of the Hertzian waves has been made by
Sen or Torres Quevedo, a civil engineer, by
a system which he calls " telekino." Accord-
ing to the account given in the Revue Generate
des Sciences, the apparatus he employs con-
sists of a Branly " coherer," which, when
struck by the wave, causes an electromagnet
to oscillate. The vibrations thus caused
effect an escapement which advances the
distance of one tooth at each vibration. By
this means he has succeeded in steering a
crewless boat from a station on shore, and
in increasing and lessening its speed at
will. The experiments which have recently
been carried out at Bilbao have been attended,
it is said, with perfect success, and the in-
ventor claims that the principle of his
invention could be used with effect for the
saving of life at sea, as well as for its original
purpose of steering torpedoes.
The latest contribution to the ever-
increasing literature of the N rays has been
made by M. Turpain in a contribution to the
Journal de Physique. He says that he has
been experimenting in the matter for more
than a year, and that he finds, like many
other observers, that while tho light of the
calcium-sulphide screen seems to increase
and diminish with tho presence and with-
drawal of the supposed source of the rays,
the coincidence vanishes directly means are
adopted to ensure the withdrawal of the
source taking place without the knowledge
of the observer. Hence, he argues, this part
of the proof seems to depend on " auto-sug-
gestion," and must be discarded. He thinks
the case is different with regard to the photo-
graphy of tho electric spark, and he suggests
that joint experiments should be made with
this by M. Blondlot and Prof. Rubens of
Charlottenburg. The controversy has been
further embittered by the refusal of M. Mas-
cart to present M. Turpain's communication
to the Academic des Sciences, on the ground,
apparently, that merely negative experi-
ences of the kind prove nothing. The editor
of the Revue ScwnHfique, which has now
for gome time taken up a hostile attitude
to tl periraent i the
flumes by broadly hinting that M. Blondlot'g
'ant known more about the real < anise
oi tin plienomena than be should.
Thi slity of photographing •
in then- natural col.. Im-i-ii brought a
little nearer, according to an article i ... sj
' '<t in the journal last in< I
some experiments made by Dr. Neuhaas at
Ltchtei felde. M. I ippmann'
ferential method, previous!} in
'Notes, tin- means of re; ■
(hieing the natural ColouTH of the oh
photographed, hut in a fleeting form which
could not be fixed. \V ; . as
M. Coustet quote- from Dr. Otto YVienj
a dark absorbing ubstance, composed of
a mixture of elemcntarj .of
which would reflect a particular one and
absorb all the rest of the coloured ra
Such a mixture, on the same authority, I
Neuhass has found in a combination of
gelatine and distilled water with Bolutii
of methylene blue, Bayer's auramh
Schnchardt's erythrosine. This is spread
upon a film of india-rubber upon opal glass,
and allowed to dry. Shortly before uat
is made sensitive by immersion for five
minutes in a bath of hydrogen peroxide,
and fixed with successive solutions of tannin
and sodium acetate, tartar emetic, and lead
acetate. The drawback to the operation is
that it demands several days of exposure,
during which the object is. of course, under-
going changes of light and the like. M.
Coustet points out a method, however, by
width, he thinks, some of these incon-
veniences can be remedied.
M. Metchnikoff, who will shortly be
lecturing in this country, has followed up
his observations upon the whitening of
human hair with advancing years by a com-
munication to the Academie des Sciences
upon the whitening of the fur and feat!
of animals during winter. He has no
difficulty in attributing this to the same
cause as the other phenomenon, namely,
the devouring of the pigment-cells by the
bodies which he calls cliromophages. The
theory seems to have been sufficiently venti-
lated in the daily press, and needs no
further description here.
t The Societe de Biologic appears of late
to have been rather hard on certain popular
superstitions with regard to the lower
animals, of most of which its members
suggest rational explanations. Thus it is
often said that hydrophobia can be caused
by the scratch as well as by the )>ite of a
rabid animal. M. Remlimier points out
that this is undoubtedly the case with
animals which, like cats and dogs, are in
the habit of licking their paws, and that the
saliva may even be virulent and capable of
imparting the disease before the other
symptoms of rabies become evident. So,
too, with the long-prevalent notion that
spiders have very acute powers of hearing
and are capable of appreciating music.
M. I.ecaillon declares that spiders have
no means of hearing at all, and do
not know one note from the other in
tho ordinary sense, but that they show-
agitation when certain notes are sounded.
because these happen to give the same
vibrations as the insects which form
their prey. With this may perhaps be
coupled the announcement of Mr. Shelford
to a recent meeting of the Zoological Society
that certain serpents from Borneo owe their
supposed reputation of being able to fly to
their power of so contracting their muscles
as to present a concave surface to the air
with their bellies. By the example of
bamboo canes split longitudinally, he showed
that this "ventral gutter" would enable
them, when launched into the air from a
fr°4100, May 26, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
643
slight elevation, to reach the ground by an
easy lateral motion, and thus to produce the
appearance of flying. F. L.
SOCIETIES.
Geological. — May 9. — Mr. Aubrey Strahan,
V.P., in the chair. — Mr. W. A. T. Da vies and
Mr. W. Johnson were elected Fellows. — The Chair-
man read, on behalf of the Council, a letter of con-
dolence addressed by the Foreign Secretary to the
Swiss Geological Society on the loss of Prof.
Eugene Renevier, Foreign Member (see last week's
'Science Gossip'). He also announced that the
Council had resolved to award the proceeds of the
Daniel-Pidgeon Fund for 1906 to Miss Helen Drew,
of Newnham College, Cambridge, who proposes to
examine the relationship of the Caradoc and
Llandovery rocks in South Wales, between the
Llandeilo and Fishguard districts. — The following
communications were read : ' The Eruption of
Vesuvius in April, 190(3,' by Prof. Giuseppe de
Lorenzo, — and ' The Ordovician Rocks of Western
Caermarthenshire,' by Mr. D. Cledlyn Evans.
British Archaeological Association. — May 1G.
— Mr. C. H. Compton, V.P., in the chair. — Dr.
Winstone exhibited a fine black-letter copy of a
book of sermons or homilies (printed in 1587), in
the original binding, but with the clasps missing. —
The Rev. W. S. Lach-Szjrma read a paper entitled
' Relics of the Cornish Language. ' Nowhere, he
thought, except in England, could we fix any
death-place of a language, one of the reasons being
that languages die hard. The only European lan-
guage beside the Cornish that has died out in
modern Europe is the Prussian ; and he questioned
if we could fix the time or place of its expiration.
Most of the lesser languages of Europe, which a
century ago appeared unlikely to last much longer,
are more vigorous now than in the middle of the
nineteenth century. Although Cornish as a spoken
language is dead, we yet possess quite a little
literature in it for academic and philological pur-
poses, preserved (like a mummy in a glass case in
a museum) in the MSS. of the Cornish dramas,
some of which have been published ; in other
writings, some in print, some still in MS. ; in the
names of places ; in the names of families ; in the
tradition of the numerals ; and in ' Jordans
Creacon,' the last Cornish drama of 1611. The
Cornish MSS. as yet imprinted, preserved in the
British Museum and elsewhere, are of more in-
terest to archa-ologists than the published works
in and on the old language. It is very desirable
that these MSS. should be printed, with proper
editing and translation, that they may be available
to all Celtic scholars throughout Europe. — Avery
interesting discussion followed, in the course of
which it was mentioned that there are still some
fifty actual Cornish words used by (ho miners ; the
numerals are also extant, and probably there are
between 300 and 400 words still in use. Mr.
Jenner considered that Cornish Mas not a dialect,
but a distinct language, witli more affinity to
Breton than to Welsh.
1'ovu Numismatic. — May 17.— Sir John Evan?
in (lie. ohoir. —Mr. W. Gedney Beatty was elected
i Fellow. Mr. F. A. Walters exhibited a groat
struck in the name of Richard II., and having on
the breast of the king a crescent. — Mr. Percy
\Yel>l> showed a "large brass" of Faustina the
Younger, with reverse type, of Pudioitiai and a
plaque executed by the French artist Dupuis. Mr.
Iv exhibited a penny of Cnut struck at
Bath, of the type Hawkins No. 207, and with the
moneyer'e name .Llfiie. — The President showed a
" large brass" of Agrippina the Elder, with reverse
type a carpentum, in a perfect state of preserva-
tion. 'I'h" President oommunioated some notes
on two oopper coins of Carausius belongin
Mi. Jethro A. Cossms. One coin, with the usual
type of Pas on thi , weighs no fewer than
133 era troy. The other ooin has for reverse type
a helmet ed male figure, standing near a trophy, at
the foot of which air- two seated figures. This
type is unpublished, M r. Grueber read a paper on
the coinage ol Luoeria, in Apulia. Hitherto two
. of coins of contemporary Issue have been
attributed to that town : an autonomous series
based on the Roman bronze standard, dating from
circ. B.C. 314-230 ; the other also following the
Roman standard, but of the same types as coins
struck at the Roman mint, distinguished, how-
ever, in bearing on each denomination the addi-
tional letter L, eA'idently a town - initial. The
latter is of silver and bronze. As there seems to
be no parallel of a city in Italy at that time
issuing two contemporary series of coins of different
types, but based on the same standard, it was
suggested that those of the Roman pattern may be
attributed to some other place, possibly Lanuvium
in Latium. If, however, both series emanated
from Luceria, it must be accepted as a fact that
there were two mints there, one issuing money
intended only for circulation in the city and neigh-
bourhood ; the other established for military pur-
poses, and issuing coin which would be current in
all districts into which the armies of Rome
penetrated.
Historical. — May 17. — The Rev. Dr. Hunt,
President, in the chair. — The following were
elected Fellows : F. J. W. Crowe, R. S. Lepper,
W. A. Limbrick, A. L. Simon, F. J. Weaver,
and Miss Mary Wells-Sandford. —A paper was
read by the Rev. J. Willcock on ' Archbishop
Sharp and the Restoration Policy in Scotland.' — Sir
Henry Howorth and the President spoke ; the latter
deprecated the very severe view taken of Sharp
by the writer of the paper. — The award of the
examiners for the Alexander Medal was announced.
The medallist is Miss R. R. Reid, the subject
being ' The Rising of the Earls, 1569.'
Physical.— May 11.— Dr. C. Chree, V.P., in
the chair. — A paper on ' The Dead Points of a
Galvanometer Needle for Transient Currents' was
read by Mr. A. Russell. — Prof. H. A. Wilson
exhibited a Lippmann capillary dynamo and
electromotor from the George III. Museum of
King's College. — Mr. W. Duddell exhibited some
mechanical and electrical phenomena occurring in
the telephonic transmission of speech.
Faraday. — May 15. — Dr. F. M. Pcrkin,
Treasurer, in the chair. — Mr. H. D. Law read a
paper entitled ' Behaviour of Platinized Electrodes.'
— Mr. Julius L. F. Vogcl read a paper on ' The
Electrolysis of Fused Zinc Chloride in Cells Heated
Externally. '
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Mow.
Sui i eyors' Institution, .1.— Annual Meeting.
Society of Arts. 8.—' Heraldry in relation to the Applied Arts,'
Lecture ill.. Mi. (;. w. Eve. (Cantor Lecture.)
Uoyiil Institution, 5. — ' Northern Winter Sports,' Lecture I.,
col \. Balck.
— Society o! Aits. 8.— 'Glass-Cutting,' Mr. H. Powell.
— Zoological, B 80.
Tm us. Royal, i.«0.
— Koyal Institution. .\— 'Man and On- Gla< ialilVi ioil, 'Lei lure II.,
Prof. W. J. Sollas,
— Society of Antiquaries, 8.30.— ' Excavations on the Site of the
Roman Town of Oallera Atrebatuin at Silcheeter,' Mr. W. n.
st. John Hope,
Philological, 8.— 'Notes on Old-English Words,' Prof. A. S.
Napier.
Royal Institution. 9.— ' Ii'EbulHtion des Metaux,' Trof. II.
Dioiss&n,
Royal Institution, 3,—' The Origins of PoeUy,' Trot. W.
Mariieile liixon.
Ti is.
Fin.
%tuntt dfosstp.
A OOBRBSPOHDBHT calls attention to a
curious similarity between the recent type of
weather and that recorded by Matthew Paris
during the spring of the year 1255, which
followed a mild, wet winter remarkable for
thunderstorms. During April, he tells us,
no rain fell. There was a prevalence of cold
northerly winds, and the peculiar colour of
the sky was noticeable. Vegetation was
very backward, hut from the cud of May
seasonable weather prevailed during the rest
of the summer, followed by an abundant
harv est ,
The following Parliamentary Papers have
recently been issued : Reports on the Meet-
ot the international Council for the
Exploration of the Sea, m 1903, 1904, and
1905, Vol. I. [2s. 2d.); and Final Report of
the Departmental Committee on the Royal
College of Science, &c, Vol. II., Minutes of
Evidence, &c. (Is. lie?.).
The annual visitation of the Royal
Observatory, Greenwich, will be held next
Wednesday, the 30th inst.
It is very satisfactory to learn that Prof.
Campbell states, in a letter to Prof. E. C.
Pickering, that neither the buildings nor the
instruments of the Lick Observatory sus-
tained any material injury from the Cali-
fornian earthquake.
Two new small planets were photographic-
ally discovered by Mr. Metcalf at Taunton,
Mass., on the 25th ult. The one announced
in our ' Science Gossip ' on the 12th inst. as
having been detected at Heidelberg on the
21st ult. turns out to be identical with
Medusa, No. 149, which was discovered at
Toulouse so long ago as September 21st,
1875 ; but it would seem to have become
much fainter. It also appears that No. 534,
which has received the name Peraga, had
been registered on a photographic plate at
Heidelberg on September 7th, 1896 ; but as
only one determination of place was then
obtained, it could not at that time be num-
bered or named. The earlier observation
will, however, help to secure an accurate
calculation of its orbit.
FINE ARTS
DRAWINGS AT
MESSRS. PATERSON'S GALLERY.
The drawings at this gallery should be
taken as a supplement to those in the
Black-and-White Room at the Royal Aca-
demy, as supplying just that element of
selection that is a little to seek at the latter
show.
Mr. Crawhall, whose work forms the larger
portion of this little collection, has long been
admired for his brilliant, if rather mono-
tonous treatment of animal subjects. He
would seem to study the details of their
anatomy by trying, above all, to arrive at a
clear understanding of the intrinsic facts
(in contradistinction to the flat images of
facts that perspective offeis you from any
one view of any one pose), and to rely on an
instinctive power of divining the effects of
perspective to enable him to reproduce,
perhaps far away from the animal he has
been studying, the drawings here on view.
Mr. Swan's drawings apparently have come
from the opposite method — a constant
watchfulness, pencil in hand, in the
presence of the model, at great expense
of paper if it move untimely. Either
method, if pursued exclusively, is likely
to breed vices in the draughtsman ;
each, if wisely exercised, yields line draw-
ings. Mr. Swan's Polar Bear is admirable
in its rendering of the foreshortened surfaces
of that outflattened entity ; but the Linn's
Hi ad is somewhat undetermined, noting
facts a little as a camera might, without
welding them into a single succinct state-
ment. On the other hand, like the Japanese
bis masters. Mr. Crawhall has bis difficulties.
With a mind stored with great wealth of
naturalistic details, each reduced to an
extreme of calligraphic conciseness, he is
inclined to regard these eloquent little dots
and dashes as a sort of trimming to be
applied to any design at. a certain stage.
When the base design is very simple and
telling, as in the White Drake or Corbont the
/,<>/,'< and Reynarde, all is well : but when it
is more intricate, as in I loir lirai/n the llrrr
ati- the Honey, the main structure is smothered
in an unintelligible mass of Japanesque tiro-
w orks.
(.44
THE ATHEN^UM
N°4100, May 20, 1906
The other artists in this show (which
would have been more complete had it
included Mr. John and Mr. Minrliead Bone)
are do! adequately represented, though Mr.
Orpen's old man has finely studied head and
hands dropped in as unrelated patches.
Mi. Sullivan is a fine and even an inventive
draughtsman cursed with the presence ir
the same skin of a facile gouache painter
perilously resembling Mr. Sauber.
THE ROYAL ACADEMY.
(Fourth Notice.)
DRAWINGS.
Neither at Messrs. Paterson's nor at the
Academy is Mr. Rackham quite at his best.
but The Magic Carpet (No. 995) is a very
clever, if not too distinguished example of
that decorativelv tinted pen drawing that
he deserves so much credit for having in-
vented : its power of concise statement and
the logic of its construction make it very
welcome among the commonplace things
that fill the room. The key-note of Mr.
Backhands talent is an intelligent curiosity :
he is a product of the modern scientific
advance, and is moved by a Pythagorean
faith that everywhere is life, and life akin to
his own. From this sympathy comes a great
power of putting himself imaginatively
into the place of whatever he is drawing,
making the act of drawing a kind of experi-
mental metempsychosis. Particularly in
the main structure of liis trees Mr. Rackham
appears to have reached a high level in the
power of divining what nature would do in
any circumstances— we say the main struc-
ture advisedly, because Mr. Rackham lias
his limitations. His sympathy is above all
with what is swift, adroit, actively engaged
in adapting itself to varying conditions : the
twist of a trunk and the writhe of a branch
arrest him ; the more somnolent rhythm,
the heavy droop, of scarcely stirring leaves
is just the sort of thing he would not do
particularly well.
There is little else to detain one in the
Water-Colour Room, though Mr. Winter
Shaw's Interior (901) is more thoughtfully
wrought out than is usual among Academy
water-coloms ; and in Mr. C. M. Detmold's
Temple of the Fire Worshippers (941) it is
interesting tc notice that originality, how-
ever restricted in its range of appeal, is
sure nowadays to find itself followers.
Gustave Moreau is evidently the inspiring
influence of this rather impressive drawing,
modified by the example, perhaps, of M.
Bauer.
The Black-and-White Room is largcly
devoted to artists drawing for the weekly
papers — men of ability, but pledged to the
pretence of producing constantly a fresh
and elaborate drawing of some event a few
days old. It would be possible to publish
every week elaborate drawings that would
be fresh and interesting, but not topical ;
you may have topical drawings that are
good, but not elaborately finished. The
public that demands the two in conjunction
asks for humbug, and gets it ; and the flood
of sham observation and sham finish that
is poured out week by week is, alas ! the
work of nun some of whom are capable of
better things. It is melancholy to see a
man like Mr. Hatherell, inventor of a manner
based in the first instance on original re-
search, sinking by degrees, as in The King
reviewing the Honourable Artillery Company
(1373), to the level of his imitators. In
this field also confusion of motive is at the
root of the evil : it' fantasy is attempted,
we ask for something more compactly ex-
pressive, more homogeneous, more beautiful ;
if record is desired, mere i del orial plausibility
might well be sacrificed in favour of quainter
and more interesting observation: one
touch of unforeseen and suggestive fact or
invention is worth any amount of laboured
compilation of current " illustrators' tricks."
Of the etchings, Mr. Strang's two heads
(1288, 1297) are capable and sensitive, if a
little photographic in their abstention from
comment on the characters of the sitters.
Mr. Brangwyn, in Irs desire to make a
design mainly in pure black and pure white,
has perpetrated in No. 1324 the hull of a
ship that remains hopelessly transparent.
SCULPTURE.
As among the painters, but with less
excuse (for sculpture is utilized to an ever-
increasing extent in architectural work),
we find in these rooms the same unpractical
Academic ideal : the place of a piece of
sculpture is in an exhibition ; its function,
the literal representation of the human form
— preferably nude. Nursed between these
two misapprehensions of the nature of Ins
art, the sculptor has almost ceased to be a
sculptor, and has become a clay-modeller,
delegating to others the chiselling of the
stone, the moulding of the bronze. The
row of marble busts that line one side of the
Lecture Room may not all have been done
by this form of proxy, but you look in vain
among them for an artist really delighting
in a material with which he feels at home,
and in which it is natural for him to design.
It may be admitted that marble is a difficult
medium for the devotees of literal imitation,
calling almost necessarily for a more delicate,
low-relief treatment of the planes, a trans-
position of the facts of a head into forms of
less abrupt salience. The taking naturalness
of Mr. Derwent Wood's pretty head of
Mademoiselle Leelerc (1664) shows how much
simpler is the problem of graceful finish in
plaster ; Mr. Tweed's Bishop of Stepney
(1683), how it is still easier to retain the
natural values of a head if you throw over all
idea of fineness of surface, and make it of
a coarse and broken-up texture answering
somewhat to the colour of life by its play of
minute light and shade.
In works of larger scale it is still the rare
exception to find sculptors doing more than
prepare a clay model, and hence the statues
that adorn our public buildings have a soft
and rounded, not to say sand-papered
appearance, as if they were designed by men
accustomed not to driving a hollow with a
chisel, but to sticking on round pellets of
clay. It is because anything, however
extravagant, that contradicts this dis-
astrous tendency is a step in the right direc-
tion that we welcome Mr. Hodge's big relief,
Commerce (1738). The legs of the man are
preposterous, mannerism running riot ; but
the design is in terms of a chiselled material,
it respects the nature of stone, and has,
although a little thin in effect, a carrying
power that could bear comparison with
surrounding architecture. But if the greater
frequency of commissions of an architec-
tural character has as yet had little effect in
making the sculptor a craftsman, it has had
an influence, nevertheless, and that influence
a disastrous one. The tradition of severe
study of the figure had its advantages. Mr.
Thornyeroi't, who is only represented by a
heavily draped Dr. Creighton (1654), should
be the example, but in his absence Mr.
McGilTs Herald (1779) may serve as an
instance of the interest sound study may
give to even, as in this ease, a rather affected
pose. The comparative plenitude of com-
missions, with the consequent opportunity
it affords to young artists of seeing then-
work in high, often very high places, has
convinced them that severe modelling is
thrown away, or at least does not suffice for
success in monumental sculpture. Instead
of baking this as a hint to study more abstract
form, they have regarded it as an excuse for
careless modelling and devotion topictui
que composition. Mr. Derwent Wood's Abun-
dance (1718) represents this sort of work, a
taking group well put together for temporary
attractiveness, but wanting the sound
structure that should give it rich and per-
manent interest: notice particularly the
bad modelling of the arm supporting the
child.
Mr. Gilbert has made a plucky effort at
the revival of craftsmanship, but, in the
teeth of popular opinion, the present reviewer
submits that his natural gifts are those of a
painstaking, a delicate, a most beautiful
modeller of busts. His one bust here (1737)
is but a sketch, and does not show the dis-
tinction we look for in this branch of his art.
His sketch design (1773), on the other hand,
has all the flyaway exuberance that has
made him a most corrupting influence on
young decorators. Mr. Olson's much-
trimmed, but weakly constructed La Gair
(1641) is a case in point, for the modelling
of the figure shows some innate capacity for
construction. Mr. Swan has wasted much
valuable material in constructing a kind of
" grotto," wherein are dimly discernible
fragments of what the catalogue informs us
are Polar Bears (1798). Mr. Brock, at the
other extreme, has a Gainsborough (1795)
with every marble button in place. This is
the sort of thing that ought never to be done ;
but if it must be, let us be grateful to the
sculptor for having endowed the figure with
some distinction.
SALES.
At the sale at Messrs. Christie's on the 19th
hist, the host prices were realized by J. Maris's
picture On the Towing-Path, 409/., and a drawing
of Sam Bough's, The Fens, Lincolnshire, 336/.
Other drawings were sold as follows : T. S. Cooper,
Four Cows and Three Sheep by a Stream, Sunset,
11.5/. D. Cox, Lancaster Sands. 52/. C. Fielding,
A Scene in the Highlands, 178/. ; A Highland
Landscape, with figures on a road, 63/. Birket
Foster, A Landscape with Children, dog and
poultry on a road, 84/. : A Landscape with a Flock
of Sheep, 81/. J. H. Mole, Shrimpers, 52/.
S. Palmer, The Harvest Field, Sunset, 65/. : The
Brothers in Comus, 99/. ; The Brothers and the
Attendant Spirit approaching the Palace of Comus,
84/. Turner, The Splugen Pass. 84/. D. G. Ros-
setti, A Study, 50/. Pictures : W. E. Frost,
Euphrosync, 1151. Erskine Nicol. A Whist Party,
283/. E. Verboeokhoven, Ewes, Lambs, and Sheep-
dogs, 157/. H. Fantin-Latonr, Roses in a Bowl,
■JS3/. ; Flowers in a Vase, 220/. W. Bouguereau,
La Gitana, 199/.
On Monday Cox's drawing A Farm Scene, with
a flock of sheep going through a gate, fetched 5S/.
The collection of coins, except the living, almighty
dollar, is not a popular hobby in the United States.
List week's mail, however, brought the reports of
the four days' sale, at Philadelphia, of the collec-
tion formed by the late Mr. Harlan P. Smith, and
described as the finest ever brought together of
American gold coins. The prices realized appear
to have been far beyond those previously recorded.
A United States 5-dollar gold piece, dated L822,
realised the extraordinary sum of 2,165 dols. ;
another piece, of the same face value, but earlier
in date, i.e. 1815, sold for 1,050 dols. Among the
colonial coins were: "Willow-Tree" Shilling,
L652, 30 dels. ; Lord Baltimore Sixpence, 34 dols.;
Carolina " Elephant-Penny," 1094, '28 dols. ; Rosa
Americano Twopence. -JS dols. ; New York State
Cent, 1786, with bust of Washington, 70 dols. ;
another of 1787, with Indian standing with toma-
hawk anil arms of New York, 130 dols. ; and
an "Excelsior " Cent of the same year, 30 dols.
N°4100, May 26, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
645
Ifiiif-^rt (gossip.
Yesterday tliere was a private view at
9, Maddox Street, W., of the work of the
Artificers' Guild, an association of craftsmen
trained for many years by Mr. Edward
Spencer.
Paintings, sketches, and studies in oils
and water colours by Mr. Horace Van Kuith
were also on private view jesterday at the
Dore Gallery.
The picture by Jacob Jordaens, ' St. Peter
finding the Tribute Money in the Fish's
Mouth,' is on view at the Marlborough
Galleries for a few days.
This week Messrs. Cassell & Co. have been
showing at the Cutlers' Hall, Warwick Lane,
E.C., some 400 drawings and paintings
which have been done for their various pub-
lications.
The Chenil Gallery announces the press
view next Wednesday of an exhibition of
etchings by Mr. Augustus John, which will
be the first collection of his work in this
medium.
The second volume of ' French Art from
Watteau to Prud'hon,' edited by Mr. J. J.
Foster, forming the fifth volume of " The
Dickinson Art Library," will shortly be
ready. The introduction, dealing with
French society from 1700 to 1730, is from
the pen of M. Bebelliau, Librarian of the
Institut, Paris ; MM. Langevin, Funck
Brentano, and H. Frantz write upon Pater,
Boucher, Van Loo, and Vernet ; Mr.
Frederick Wedmore contributes chapters
on Chardin and La Tour ; and Mr. O. M.
Hueffer and the editor treat of other French
artists belonging to the first half of the
eighteenth century. The numerous illus-
trations are taken from the most celebrated
collections at home and abroad, including
those of the King, the German Emperor,
Mr. Alfred de Rothschild, Mr. Pierpont
Morgan, and others, and are especially rich
in the works of Chardin and Boucher.
The Louvre has just acquired two inter-
esting and important works of art. The first
of these is the picture by Jean Fouquet
known as ' L'Homme au Verre de Vin,'
which was lent to the Exposition des Primitifs
Francais, 1904 (in the catalogue of which
it is No. 43), by Count Wilczeck, of Vienna.
It is a portrait of a man of about fifty,
with a large black hat and a fur over-
coat, with a glass of wine in his hand. This
portrait was painted about 1450. The
second acquisition is of a temporary cha-
racter : M. Kian has lent the authorities
for a period of not less than two years
the marble statue ' Flora ' by Carpeaux,
executed in London in 1873.
An exhibition of antiquities, &c, found
at Silchester in 1904 and 1905 will be hold
at the rooms of the Society of Antiquaries,
Burlington House, from June 6th to 19th
inclusive (Sunday excepted).
77m Antiquary for June will contain,
among others, the following articles : the
6rst part of a paper on Robin Hood, by Sir
Edward Brabrook ; 'The Leicester Gibbet-
ing lions ' (illustrated), by Mr. C. A. Mark-
hain ; ' Bangor, County Down.' by Mr.
\V. .1. Kennell ; 'Sir William Wyndham.'
by Mr. .1. A. Lovat-Fraser ; a continuation
of the : Pilgrimage to St. David's Cathedral '
(illustrated), by Dr. A. C. Fryer; and the
conclusion of Mr. A. Abrahams's ' Chronicle
History of the Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly,
1M3 1873.'
Messrs. Moiunc: announce ' A Biblio-
graphy of Monumental Brasses,' by Mr
Herbert Druitt, as a companion volume to
the same author's ' Manual of Costume as
illustrated by Monumental Brasses.' The
work should be a boon to archaeologists, as
there is no bibliography of the subject in
existence. To help the student of local
antiquities, the titles, when appropriate
thereto, are arranged under counties. Other
features of the work will be lists of authorities
on the various classes of costume, vestments
and armour, sepulchral effigies, and incised
slabs. There will also be a full index of
authors.
MUSIC
SCHUMANN FESTIVAL AT BONN.
Among the composers of the first half of
the nineteenth century Robert Schumann
occupies an exalted place, and, as is usually
the case with genius, it was long after his
death before his merits were duly recognized.
It is customary to represent Beethoven as
the last of the classics, and Schumann as
belonging to the romantic school ; but such
divisions, convenient though they may be
in histories of music, must not be taken
literally ; the great so-called classical masters
themselves were once regarded as roman-
ticists. Beethoven, after all, was the pro-
tagonist of the romantic movement in which
Schumann afterwards played so important
a part, both by his writings and by his
music ; while to the name of Beethoven must
certainly be added that of Weber.
The festival held this week at Bonn
suggests one or two remarks with regard to
Schumann. Of his four symphonies, the
first in b flat and the second in c, the freshest,
the most inspired, are his best contributions
to that particular form ; but interesting as
they are, they show no advance on Beethoven,
while at the present day the first two sym-
phonies of Brahms are held by many judges,
and even the public, in higher favour. Then,
again, Schumann wrote works which show
little inspiration, and others in which only
flashes of genius light up pages which pain-
fully reveal the state of his mental powers
during the last sad years of his life. Apart
from this, he began his artistic career com-
paratively late in life, and that career was
short. To sum up : Schumann wrote many
things which will not live, but the composer
of the third part of the ' Scenes from Goethe's
Faust,' of the ' Frauen-Liebe und Lcben '
and ' Dichterliebe ' song cycles, and other
fine songs, and of the Pianoforte Concerto,
the Fantasia, Op. 17, and many a character-
istic pianoforte piece, lias achieved such
immortality as a world in itself transient
can offer.
The festival began on Sunday afternoon
with a " Gedaohtnisakt " at the grave of
Robert and Clara Schumann, when Dr.
Joachim, the friend of both, and consoler
of the latter at the time of her bereavement,
delivered a touching address. Two of the
daughters were present at the solemn cere-
mony. The works to be performed during
the festival would speak, he remarked, for
the composer : he therefore only referred
to the man and his generous admiration for
Mendelssohn and Brahms, and his recogni-
tion of men less gifted. And with regard
to Schumann's married lite he declared that
" Robert and Clara would always remain a
symbol of purest love, of genuine German
soul-life."'
The programme of the first concert began
with tlie Symphony in E flat, in which
Schumann recorded his impressions of
Rhenish folk-life, while the fourth move-
ment originally hore the inscription. " Im
Charakter der IVgleitung emer feiertichen
Ceremonie " ; but it was withdrawn, for
Schumann declared that a composer should
not " show his heart to the world." This
work was conducted by Dr. Joachim with
unflagging energy. The remainder of the
programme was devoted to the ' Scenes from
Goethe's Faust.' There are many inter-
esting moments in the first two parts,
notably ' Faust's Death,' with which the
second ends ; but they will not for a moment
compare with the glorious third, in which
Schumann fully caught the deep mystic
spirit of the second part of Goethe's work.
The performance was under the intelligent
direction of the municipal music director,
Prof. Hugo Gruters. It was in many respects
good, and if it was not ideal, it must be
remembered that the time for rehearsal of
the local choir with the Berlin Philharmonic
orchestra was limited. The principal
soloists were Fraulein A. Kappel, Frau A.
Munz, and Frau Kraus-Osborne, and Herr
Senilis, Dr. Felix von Kraus, and Prof.
Johann Meschaert. the last named winning,
and deservedly, chief honours.
Next week will be noticed the remaining
concerts. Dr. Camille Saint-Saens will play
in the pianoforte quartet on the last evening.
He expressed the wish to do so, as he was
the first to introduce that work into France.
In connexion with this festival some most
interesting autograph manuscripts and letters
by Robert and Clara Schumann are exhibited
in the Beethoven Haus ; they have been
kindly lent by Fraulein Schumann and by
Herr 13. Litzman, author of the life of Clara
Schumann, of which the second volume has
just appeared. Among the exhibits are the
' Jugend Album ' and the book in which
Schumann entered the dates of letters
written by him, and the names and dates
of all letters he received between the years
1835 and 1853.
^lusical (£o5Stp.
Fbaulein Ternina made her first appear-
ance this season as Isolde in ' Tristan ' last
Saturday evening at Co vent Garden. She
was heard to great advantage in the first
act and again in the wonderful love duet.
and her embodiment of the Irish prim
was as dignified and impressive as ever.
Herr Anton Burger, the representative of
Tristan, was unable to deliver the music of
the part with adequate power and skill.
His singing in the love duet lacked distinc-
tion and fervour. Madame Kirkby Lunn
was an irreproachable Brangane, and Hen-
Anton van Rooy sang finely as Kurwenal ;
while the music of King Mark was admirably
declaimed by Herr Knupfer.
ON Tuesday evening a performance of
' Die Walkure ' was given without cuts.
The role of Sieglinde was assigned to Fraulein
Ternina, who sang the impassioned phrases
in the first act with customary skill, and once
more greatly distinguished herself as an
actress. The Briinnhilde was Frau Gadsky,
who gave an admirable rendering of the music.
especially in the last act. Herr Anthea pre-
ferred to declaim many passages which he
should have Bung, hut was a fairly satis-
factory Siegmund. Herr van Rooy was a
superb Wotan, and Herr Knupfer did well
as Bunding. Dr. Kiehter conducted both
music dramas, and the hand carried out his
indications faithfully, the playing through-
out being on a high level.
I>k. Edvabd Griko gave the first ot two
concerts at Queen's Hall last Thursday
week. It is several years since the Nor-
wegian Composer paid B visit tO London,
and his welcome was most enthusiastic.
646
TH E ATHKNJKUM
N 4100, May 26, 1006
Grieg Ims worked for the most pari on
modest linen, but within small oompaM he
has accomplished greet things ; man] of hii
aonga and pianoforte pieces are known and
admired all the world over. At the oonoerl
in question the Bret ' Peer Oynt ' Orohe tral
Suite proved a special attraction. Miss
Johanne Btockmarr gave a good rendering
of the noIo part ni the romantic I 'ianoforte
Oonoerto ; and MissTita Brand's recitation
of ' BergUol ' was powerful. .Miss Dolores
sang with marked feeling three beautiful
songs with orchestra] accompaniment. The
hull was mil, ;mk1 nil scats had already been
Hold for the second concert. It may be
added that Dr. Grieg received the honorary
degree of Ifus. Doc. at Oxford on the 22nd.
A like honour was bestowed on him by
Cambridge in 1894.
Mxeoio Bobszowski, the young Polish
pianist, gave a Becond ooncerl at Steinway
Hall last Friday. Be is only eleven years
old, but already has studied for about six
years under Leschetizky. He is a wonderful
boy : his technique is advanced, and he has
intelligence and strong feeling. His render-
ing of a Beethoven sonata and ten of the
difficult Chopin Preludes was remarkable.
But — and this is an encouraging sign for his
future — there are points in his playing, and
also in his interpretations, which show that
he is still a boy.
Mr. S. Coleridge-Taylor's new setting,
for contralto soloist, chorus, and orchestra,
of Coleridge's ' Kubla Khan ' was brought
forward, under the direction of the composer,
at the Handel Society's concert at Queen's
Hall on Wednesday evening. In an ex-
tended prelude reference is made by the
orchestra to the material subsequently
dealt with by the singers. The vocal
writing is not lacking in picturesqueness,
though it hardly ever exhibits the strength
and charm which were such conspicuous
features of the West Indian composer's
' Hiawatha.' The orchestral accompani-
ment, in the modern style, is judiciously
varied. Miss Edna Thornton sang the solo
passages with skill and vocal ability, but the
choir and orchestra were less praiseworthy,
intonation being more than once at fault.
Vivien Chartres, the child violinist,
gave a bright and pleasing performance of
Mendelssohn's Concerto at her recital at
Queen's Hall on Monday afternoon. She
also played Bach's Chaconne steadily and
well, the technical difficulties being over-
come with unfailing resourcefulness. Dr.
Saint-Saens has now arranged his gruesome
' Danse Macabre ' as a violin solo, and this
showy piece was presented with skill and
effect by the little violinist. Dr. Theo.
Lierhammer gave admirable renderings of
songs by Schumann, Max Roger, and Claude
Debussy.
A series of four recitals at Bechstein Hall
by Mr. and Mrs. Albert Mallinson, with the
assistance of Madame Ada Crossley, began
on the 8th inst., the programmes being
devoted to the songs of Mr. Mallinson. He
is a gifted composer, and his great merits
were recognized when he gave recitals here
in 1900 and again in 1902. It is only want
of space which has prevented us from
noticing the present recitals, which have
proved highly successful.
FOB a similar reason we have been unable
to call attention to a series of historical
recitals of considerable interest by the
excellent 'cellist Mr. Boris Hambourg* or to
the song recitals by Herr Franz Naval, who
created so favourable an impression at a
recent Philharmonic Concert.
I • The Cremona Society is holding a
special meeting next Wednesday, at which
Mr. E. ( '. Kimington will di iolin
Strings, and the President the only known
violoncello by Joseph Guarnerius. There
will be a inn [cal programme afterward ,
and t In \ ioloncello m question w ill I"- |>la\ i 1 1
by Mr. I bi Ini t \\ 'ali-nii.
To-da\ M' i . Sotheby will sell by auction
the scarce second edition of 'The Begg
Opera' (172kj, with the overture in More,
and the music prefixed to each BOng ; on
Tuesday firsl editions of Gaffori's ' Practice
Musice (1490) and ' he llarmonia M
coram [nstrumentorum ' (1518); and on
Thursday a copy of Plutarch's ' Vita?
Yirorum I llustrium ' (1491), which has the
following inscription in Gaffori's autograph :
"Liber Franchini Gafurii Laudensis RJegii
Musici Bcclesheq. Bfediolanensis phonastL
Tin: " Wiener Manner gesangverein/'which
gave its first concert ;<t Oueen's Hall yester-
day, and which w ill give its second on Monday
evening, en joys a high reputation. Schumann.
Mendelssohn, Liszt, and Wagner composed
part-songs for it. The proceeds of the two
concerts will be devoted to King Edward's
Hospital Fund and the Francis Joseph
Institute.
Sin.
Hair.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Siuulay Concert Society. 8.80, Queen s Hall.
Sunday League Concert, 7. Quecn'8 Hall,
ill-. (ire«ory Hast s Vocal Recital. ::, Bechrtwin Hall.
Jliss K Leginaka'a Pianoforte Recital, -\ Bechstein QalL
Miss Tilleard'e Pianoforte Recital, B.18, .T.olian Hall.
— Vienna B&annergesangyerein [Hale Choir), 8.15, Queen's Hall.
— Koyal Opera, Cerent Garden.
Ti ks. Higcha Elman'e Violin Recital, ::, Queen's Hall.
— Miss Alice Winch anil Mr. \V. Scott s Concert. :!, Beclistein Hall
— Mr. Francis Maciuillcn's Violin Recital, DM, Queen'a Hall.
— Mr. anil Mrs. Mallinson's Son',- Recital. 8.:i0, Bechstein Hall.
— Miss May Muklc ami Mr. F. Harford's Cello and Song
Recital. m.::m. Kolian Hall.
— Royal Opera, GoTent Garden.
Wed. Miss Ethel Marsh and Mr. Ernest Groom's Recital, 3.15,
.Kolian Hall.
— Miss Florence Mavc and Madame Mylius's Harp Concert, 3.15,
Steinway Hall.'
— Miss Inez Vidah and Hiss Julia Higgins, 9..10, Bechstein Hall.
— Royal Opera, Covent Harden.
Tin us. Miss Auriol Jones's Pianoforte Recital. :l, Beclistein Hall.
— Philharmonic' Concert, 8, Queen's Hull.
— Royal Opera, Covent Garden.
Miss Tilly Koenen s Son--' Recital, 3, Beclistein Hall.
Royal Opera, Covent Garden.
Mr. Boris HanihourK's 'Cello Recital, 8, .Eolian Hall.
Royal Opera, Corent Garden.
Fin.
Sat.
DRAMA
THE WEEK.
Imperial. — Boy O'Carroll : a Comedy.
By B. M. Dix and E. G. Sutherland.
Though announced as a comedy, ' Boy
O'Carroll,' as is now called a piece originally
produced a month ago by Mr. Martin
Harvey at Newcastle-on-Tyne under the
title of ' The Rapparee Trooper,' is in fact
romantic drama, into which enters some
conscious or unconscious element of
burlesque. The place of its first pro-
duction and the circumstances attendant
upon its reproduction seem to indicate
that its ultimate destination is the count ry.
If such be the case, all is well. For a
permanent London attraction it is, cer-
tainly, a little too naive. The change of
title is probably due to the discovery by
the authors that the name first given was
a misnomer, the employment of which
involved an anachronism, since, while
the action of the piece passes during the
Commonwealth, the Rapparee did not
come into existence until the time of
JamesII.,and the name speedilyassumed a
dishonouring signification. Boy O'Carroll
is a pugnacious Hibernian Cavalier who
might have been designed by Charles
Lever. Undertaking the defence of a
slandered maiden, he is captured by her
uncle, a jealous and Btern Puritan, who,
finding in hi- possesion a i ompromi
letter from hi- niece, insists upon
immediate marriage between the I
Smarting under his rejection by l^ady
Honoria Vere, whom h<- love
animated by a thoroughly Irish Bpirit
adventure, the hero consents to •
a lady whom he does not know. I
df his friend, however, and the a ept-
ance at sword's point of a wife proves the
most judicious and expedient that could
have been math*. One romantic adven-
ture treads upon another's heels, and the
whole is carried off in the mos ive,
albeit blatant style of heroics. Mr. Martin
Harvey shows much earnestness as the
fighting Irishman ; Miss De Silva
noisily demonstrative as a faithful groom,
Miss Kate Koike delightful as the Lady
Eonoria, and Miss Maud Rivers agreeable
as the heroine.
.\i>i:i.rni. — The Lonely Millionaires: a
Comedy in Three Acts. By Mrs. Henry
de la Pasture.
A melodrama lightened with farce would
be an apter description than comedy for
the novelty by Mrs. de la Pasture, which
obtained on Tuesday, the loth inst., a
mixed, but rather churlish reception at
the Adelphi. Chief among the millionaires
in question is Thomas Frankland, a cotton
spinner, whose pretty and wilful daughter
and heiress Christina has fallen in love
with a particularly unattractive Italian
painting master, Luigi Peretta. Though
furnished with convincing proof of his
interested designs, she remains faithful to
this creature until she learns from a
worthier lover, a baronet passing as her
father's secretary, that the scamp is
already provided with a wife. Simple
and attractive is the story that is told,
especially the portion of it that deals with
the escapade of the self-willed heiress and
her salvation from the consequences of her
folly. As this obstinate and mutinous
heroine Miss Lily Brayton shows a cus-
tomary measure of attractiveness and an
irresistible amount of girlish ingenuous-
ness. Mr. Oscar Asche struggles! hard
with the character of the self-made million-
aire, and almost succeeds in assigning it
some individuality. His love-making with
a widow, played by Miss Lottie Yenne. is
vivacious. Miss Annie Sehlettcr imparts
much earnestness and passion to the jealous
Italian wife. In this character she at-
tracted attention on the first production
of the piece, which was given by amateurs
at the Court on February 25th, 1905.
Lyric. — Afternoon Representation : Othello.
On Thursday, the 17th inst.. Mr. Lewis
Waller gave the first of four afternoon
representations of ' Othello.' More interest
than ordinarily attends similar expeiinients
was inspired by the occasion, the cist
being specially noteworthy. Mr. Waller's
presentation of the Moor is soldierly and
virile, and is informed by strong passion.
In remarkable contest with it is the
Iago of Mr. Irving, which, though trans-
parently villainous and malignant at
N° 4100, May 26,
1906
THE ATHEN^UM
647
the outset, is convincing in bearing and
deadly in the subsequent scenes. Mr.
Ainley makes an excellent Cassio. Miss
Evelyn Millard is the tenderest and most
poetical of Desdemonas, Miss Wynne
Matthison a thoughful Emilia, and Mr.
Henry Neville a good Brabantio.
Waldorf. — Shore Acres : a Play in Four
Acts. By James A. Heme.
' Shore Acres,' which bears some traces
of its American origin, reaches us with a
well-deserved reputation from the United
States. Though containing little that
appeals to a sophisticated public, it has
every element of a popular success. Its
simplicity is beyond description, but it
has a sweet vein of domestic pathos, and
rises in one point at least to a strong
theatrical interest. Except that slight
stress is laid upon the comic scenes, and
that the vein chiefly wrought is tenderness,
it might almost be compared to an Adelphi
melodrama of a generation ago. A love
affair there is, of course, which supplies
the principal motive ; but the chief
interest centres in the struggle between
two brothers, one of whom is a stern,
obdurate man, a lighthouse keeper, who
drives his rather self-willed daughter into
revolt, while the other, though cast in
heroic mould, is a miracle of gentleness.
The latter character is played in inimitable
style by Mr. Cyril Maude, and is a veritable
masterpiece. In strong contrast with
this is the brother of Mr. Edmund Maurice.
Miss Mary Rorke shows much pathos as
the mother, and Miss Alice Crawford
surpasses her previous accomplishment
as the heroine. The great effect is a scene
of contest in a lighthouse, a very elaborate
edifice. The whole is admirably supported,
and is an agreeable specimen of Trans-
atlantic workmanship.
A View of the English Stage ; or, a Series
of Dramatic Criticisms. By William Hazlitt.
Edited by W. Spencer Jackson. (Bell &
Sons.) — To " Bonn's Standard Library,"
which already includes the ' Table-talk,'
the 'Lectures on the English Poets,' ' The
Plain Speaker,' ' The Round Table,' and
other works of the same writer, has been
added Hasditt's ' View of the English Stage,'
in which, for the first time, the writer's
criticisms are reprinted in their integrity
from the periodicals in which they saw the
light. First issued in The Morning Chronicle,
The Champion, The Examiner, and The
Times between the years 1813 and 1817,
these were published in book form in 1818,
the first edition becoming in time rare.
Considerable omissions — duo partly to pru-
dential reasons — were apparent, and wore
even more obvious in the so-called second
•■.lit ion, published by Routledge in 1851.
The passages excised have now been restored
between brackets. As a rule, the restorations
consist of passages dealing with what, was
judged of ephemeral interest references to
the pantomimes at both the patenl houses,
brief criticisms on actors of no special repu-
tation, and the like. Some of them have,
however, particular significance. The general
in. Tits of the criticisms were recognized,
and the place to he assigned them was
obviously in the line- of progression from
Colley Cibber through Steele, Addison, and
Leigh Hunt. While they served to build
up the reputation of Edmund Kean— it has
been stated, with no shadow of apparent
justification, that for the articles on that
actor which appeared in The Morning
Chronicle the Drury Lane management paid
Hazlitt 1,5007. — and did something to estab-
lish the fame of some other actors, there
were certain performers who were treated
with constant and manifest derision. One
of these was Conway, an excellent actor,
with whom Mrs. Piozzi, when an old woman,
was infatuated, and who committed suicide
off Charleston bar. For his unfair and male-
volent attacks upon this handsome man
Hazlitt had to make a public apology. The
passages which may well have led to such a
result are among those which are restored.
They are very cruel : — ..,,„_ _ ..... .-^^.._\:\ li-H!
"His acting is a nuisance to the stage. The
tolerating such a performer in principal parts is a
disgrace to the national character. We saw
several foreigners laughing with mischievous
delight at this monstrous burlesque of the
character of Romeo. He bestrides the stage like
a Colossus, throws his arms into the air like the
sails of a windmill, and his motion is as unwieldy
as that of a young elephant."
The resemblance of the last sentences to
Scott's description of the Dominie in the
then just published novel ' Guy Mannering '
is striking. Noteworthy is the attack
(September 22nd, 1816) on Coleridge as the
long-winded, heavy - handed writer in The,
Courier. That the attack is designed is
shown by the reader's attention being
directed to "an almost forgotten play called
' Remorse.' "
HENRIK IBSEN.
The death of Henrik Ibsen on Wednesday
is likely to fan the embers of a slumbering
controversy. We are as yet too near the
dramatist to see him in satisfactory per-
spective or to estimate his stature aright.
In race, as in method, Ibsen was largely
Teutonic, and was never in this country
more than a casual visitor, who did not seek
naturalization. If his advent among us
provoked more than common hostility, the
fault was nowise his own. It was less due to
the indiscreet zeal of friends even than to
our own anxiety to declare every goose
a swan, and that curious lack of the
sense of proportion which, joined to our
fancy for labels, made us hail Maeter-
linck as a Belgian Shakspeare, and might
with more justification induce us to greet
Daudet as a Provencal Dickens. After a
score of years, during which tentative efforts
have been made to acclimatize him in this
country, Ibsen remains an exotic. Mr. Tree,
who took part in the first production in
England of any play founded, however
remotely, upon him, has retained a species
of loyalty, and has once or twice mounted
his plays for what may have been designed
for a run. Nevertheless, such has in no
instance been obtained, and the closest
student of Ibsen on our stage has but vague
and fragmentarv recollections.
On March 3rd, 1884, at the Prince's
Theatre, in an adaptation by Mr. Henry
Arthur Jones arid Henry Herman called
'Breaking a Butterfly.' A Doll's House'
first came in any sense on the English stage.
The experiment was insignificant and mean-
ingless, as the title bestowed on the piece
indicated, since, whatever else she is, Nora
Hehner, then called Flora Goddard, is no
butterfly ; and the English public had to
wait five years before listening for such
message as Nora had to deliver. Since then
most of the dramatist's prose works have
been given, though generally, as has been
said, in timid and tentative fashion. But
recently Mr. Tree revived ' An Enemy
of the People ' at His Majesty's, resum-
ing in it his powerful presentation of Dr.
Thomas Stockmann. Meantime, almost
all the plays belonging to Ibsen's middle
period have, in some fashion or other, been
set before the English public, the rendering
used being that of Mr. William Archer.
Each of them created a polemic, and many
of them a scandal. The latter has gone, how-
ever, diminuendo, the attitude of English
criticism, amateur or professional, being
not unlike that commended by honest old
Dogberry to the watch — that if a man will
not stand when bidden, they will " take no
note of him, but let him go," and thank God
they " are rid of a knave."
The plays of the middle j)eriod which have
incurred most censure have been ' The Wild
Duck ' and ' Ghosts ' ; while of the six later
plays — ' The Lady from the Sea,' ' Hedda
Gabler,' ' The Master Builder,' ' Little Eyolf,'
' John Gabriel Borkman.' and ' When We
Dead Awaken,' all of which have been given
— not one has escaped reprobation, on the
ground, maintainable enough, of obscurity,
or that, more disputable, of immorality.
No cause exists at the present moment to
join in arraignment or to undertake defence.
Thoughtful and enlightened men (and in the
ranks of such all will include Ibsen) are apt
to be attracted more by the unsolved pro-
blems of our nature than by the solved, and
the knowledge how far subjects which are
unfit for common discussion may be treated
in a work of art, if not exactly defined in a
lex non scripta, is generally felt and acknow-
ledged. Ibsen does not even approach the
limits fixed for themselves by Ford, Shelley,
and Byron, and in none of his works is vice,
or even irregularity of life, exhibited under
alluring aspects.
In seeking to arrive at an estimate of his
intellectual stature it is easier, and not less
safe, to contemplate his influence upon
dramatic literature generally. Personally
Ibsen, like most of the symbolists and
mysticists, perplexes as much as he pleases.
Although we have seen ' The Wild Duck '
half a dozen times or more, its messa ;e
remains to us unintelligible, its mystery
obscure, and its significance trivial. The
humour which the esoteric find in certain
characters passes over or beneath us ; and
the only merit we are prepared, except at
sword point, to concede is that of tenderness
in the scene of suicide on the part of the girl.
On the other hand, we found intensely
absorbing the story, morbid as it is, of
' Hedda Gabler,' and have attended
mero motu, and with no call of duty —
more performances of that play than of
any other dramatic product of modern t imes.
In his influence on the modern stage In
Europe, however, the greatness of Ibsen
most emphatically demonstrates itself. His
reception in his own country was warm, if
tardy, and he was yesterday a national asset
of the highest importance. The German
stage, meanwhile, draws a Large measure of
its inspiration from him. It would ho
scarcely too much to say that of recent years
Ibsen has been the most potent influence
to which it has been subject. Kindred
experience on the part of Russian dramatists
m.i\ be responsible for similar results, and
it is perhaps needless on account of resem-
blance to suspect indebtedness. In England
the influence of Ibsen is not confined to the
school he has founded, but is traceable in
the works of our best dramatists, and,
indeed, is scarcely denied by them. In
France and Italy it is less assertive, but
CIS
Til E ATI! KNjKUM
N -1 loo, M.u J<i, 1906
even thi n it « ill rev©*l it -'it to Lntelligi til
Hearch,
Poui "i [bsen'N works remain unpublished,
and most <>t In- early writings are unknown
in thi country. It '- al -t entirelj due
to Mi Archer thai -<> much familiarit) ae
exists has been obtained. Poetical works
such a- ' Brand ' and ' Peer Qynl ' scarcely
con nil themselves to ■ public such as
Ul. possess; mill the production of the
great and profoundly interesting drama ol
* Emperor and Galilean involves more risk
than an amateur management is likelj In
i it ii 1. 1 1 ake.
rlenrik [been, the eldest child of parents
of mixed German and Scandinavian strain,
with a alight infusion >>t Scottish blood, was
born rt Skien, a lumber village in Norway,
on March 20th, 1828. Of the conditions
Burrounding his early existence lie has left
an account interesting enough, but adding
little to what can he divined by the student
of bis works. Traces are abundant of the
provincial influences to which he was subject
— influences of which he was never able to
divest hi> work. When sixteen years of age
he went to Grimstad, B place smaller and
presumably not less narrow and ])ietistic,
where he was apprenticed to an apothecary.
Out of his studies there came his " Catilina,'
his first drama, belonging to 1850, and other
work- -till unpublished. A portion of his
education seems to have been obtained at
Christ iania, where, for the purpose of reading
for his examination, he went in March, 1850.
Here his second play, ' The Warrior's Tomb,'
a Viking story, was given three times. This
amount of success induced him to embrace
a literary career, and plunge into a vortex
of journalism, literature, and politics. Tn
1851 he was appointed stage manager
and poet to the newly built theatre of
Bergen. Here he superintended the pro-
duction of the early works of himself and
his friend Brandes, and many plays of
English, Scandinavian, German, and French
origin. Jn the summer of 1857 he left
Bergen for Christiania, where he was ap-
pointed director of the Norwegian Theatre.
To this period of his life, spent in these two
centres, belong, besides several unpublished
plays, ' Fru Enger of Oestraat ' (1857), 'The
Feast at Solhaug ' (1857), 'The Chieftains
of Helgoland' (1858; produced at the
Imperial April 15th, 1903, as ' The Vikings'),
'Love's Comedy' (1862), and 'The Pre-
tenders ' (1864). Weary of management
and of the lack of sympathy he experienced,
lie left Christiania on April 2nd, 1864, for
Berlin, Trieste, and Rome. His work was
then executed abroad. His two great
poetical plays followed : ' Brand ' in 1866,
' Peer Gynt in 1867. These were succeeded
by ' The League of Youth ' (1869), ' Poems '
(1871), 'Emperor and Galilean' (1873
' The Pillars of Society
House ' (1879), ' Ghosts '
of the People ' (1882),
(1884). ■ Kosmersholm '
from the Sea' (1888),
' (1877), 'A Doll's
(1881), ' AnEnemy
'The Wild Duck'
(1886), 'The Lady
'Hedda Gahler''
The Master Builder ' (1892), 'Little
(1894), ' John Gabriel Borkman '
and ' When We Dead Awaken '
Since that year nothing has ap-
(1890),
Eyolf '
(189(1).
(1899).
peared.
All the plays given to the world since
'The League of Youth,' with the exception
of l Emperor and Galilean,' have been seen
in London, though mainly under conditions
that involve no very extended public know-
ledge. In some of his works we have had
the privilege of seeing Signora Duse and other
foreign artists. The later plays, when
Ibsen's managerial responsibilities were o\ er,
gained greatly in freedom of grasp and power
of conception, but without any correspond-
ing advance in intelligibility.
ftrnmntir (Gossip.
A PRESENTATION ol ' < apt . Swilt, with
Mr. Tree m the name |inrt and with a rit-t
comprising Mrs. Tr ( lecil Raleigh,
Mi-s Lettice Fairfax, and Mist Sibyl Carlisle,
wa- given on Tuesday afternoon at His
Majest] >.
On Thursday ' Castles in Spain,' with Mr.
Harry Pragson and Miss Mary de Bousa in
their original parts, wiM transferred from
the Royalty Theatre to Terry's.
\i the Savoy 'The Conversion oi Nat
Bturge,' with Mr. Edward Bass and Miss
Ben I Mercer in the principal parts, is played
before ' The Bhulamite.'
On Monday 'Mary, Queen of Scots," by
Mr. K. Kennedy Cox, with Mrs. Brown Potter
in the title-role, was produced at the King's
Theatre, Hammersmith.
Madame Rej we will begin at the Royalty
on June I st 1 1 a season in the course ol which
she will produce ' La Piste ' of M. Sardou,
first given at the Varietes on February 22nd,
and a new play by M. Pierre Berton.
The run at the Criterion of ' The Little
Stranger ' concluded on Saturday last, and
the piece will in the autumn be transferred,
with Master Edward Garratt in his original
part, to America.
Mr. Wiliiam F. Owen, whose death is
announced from America, was a member of
Daly's company, in which he played SirToby
Belch, Sir Anthony Absolute, Touchstone,
and other leading comic parts.
To Correspondents.— H. H.— c. is.— >i. p.— Received.
E. F. — Send more definite address.
E. II. L. — We cannot enter into this controversy.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
We cannot undertake to reply to inquiries concerning the
appearance of reviews of books.
T
HE ATHENAEUM,
PRICE THREEPENCE.
Is published every FRIDAY in time for the Afternoon Kails. Termi
of Subscription, free by post to all parts of the United Kingdom : For
Six Months. 7». 8d. ; for Twelve Months, 15s. 3d. For the Continent
and all places within the Postal Union : For Six Months, 9s. ; for
Twelve Months, 18s., commencing from any date, payable in advance U
JOHN C. FRANCIS,
Athenaeum Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, Tondon, E.G.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Pass
Arnold 627
Authors' Agents 620
Bagster & Sons 650
BELI. & Sons 648
Catalogues 828
Chatham a. Hatj 649
CHATTO & WlNDUS .. 651
DENT & CO 652
Em CATIONAI 625
Exhibitions 625
GORER & Son 6S7
Hurst ft bi.ackett 628
Insurance companies eso
Lam: >'-'
Lectures 626
Sampson Low, Marston & Co 650
Macmii.lan it Co BH
,Mm;a/.ines, ftC 887
Miscellaneous 626
Newspaper Agents <'-,;
Notes and Queries 050
Pitman ft sons 851
Printers' l'n: 661
Provident institutions 621
Bales hv auction 626
Situations Vacant *"«-">
situations Wanted 898
bocibttes 625
Typk-whitkks, Ac 626
KNWIN ••■^
MESSRS. BELLS
LIST.
( .1 7.1 LOO UEB m
• Mil BUI I. II I. 01 NAPOl. I.O.N I
LIFE OF NAPOLEON I By J. Holland
ROW l.i" l> . 1 itc * bolai of I
Cambridge. Largely Compiled from New M.
taken from the British Official K<-< ortl".
Dumerotu Illustration*, Map-, and Plans. In
riilRD KI)ITIO>
Mil \l'll: EDITION, without the Illustrati
2 rob. 10c lK-i.
"Thru- i-> no single book on Napoleon, either
or French, to i«.- compared t<» tin for
information, for judgment, nor i- there any thai
reading." Manekatn Guardian.
"Tin- book i- likely to become the authority for English
■ name in modem history."
Atltritari'iii.
" This book deeerree to stand beMde the classical %
of Tbien ami Ltvofn
NAPOLEONIC STUDIES. By J. Holland
BORE, I.itt.D. Poet tvo, with Maps, 7a <>'. Bet,
" whatever may be the side of Napoli eel in
which the reader may be interested, we make buhl to say
that he will find something new to him within the four
hundred pages of thi> modest little volume. Dr. Hose is to
be congratulated on his mastery of a difficult and com-
plicated subject." — Athfiutrum.
HENRY VIII. AND THE ENGLISH
MONASTERIES. By the Right Uev. ABBOI
0A8QUET, D.I). Os.li. SIXTH and CHEAPER
EDITION. With a. New Preface. Dei '.net.
STUDIES IN POETRY AND CRITICISM.
By . I. (H IRION COLLIN- I net.
Content* —The Poetry and Poets of America — The
Collected Works of Lord Byron— Tlv I Poems of
William Watson — The Poetry of Mr. Gerald Ma-
Miltonic Myths and their Authors— Longinus and Greek
Criticism— The True Functions of Poetry.
"The remarkable erudition which characterize- each
essay in thi* volume makes it well worth the study of aU
who love the literature of Bnglnnd " Pfftri Magazine.
BROWNING AND DOGMA. Being Seven
Lectures on Browning's Attitude to Dogmatic Theology.
By ETHEL M. NAISH. Crown Svo, It Ol. net.
These Lectures are based on the following Works of
Browning :— Caliban upon Setebos — Cleon — Bishop
Blougrani's Apology — Christmas Eve and Easter Day —
La Saisiaz.
" Browning's Christianity seems to us very well and wisely
defined in an interesting and scholarly book." — Aeadr-
CITIES AND SITES OF SPAIN. A
Handbook for Travellers. By Mrs. A. LB BLOND
(Mrs. Main). With numerous Illustrations and Maps.
NEW EDITION, REVISED. Crown 8vo, 5*. net.
JCST Pl'BLISHED.
TURBINES. By W. H. Stuart Garnett,
Barrister-at-Law. Demy Svo, with ?2 Illusu
Ss. Ol. net.
A popular book on the subject of Steam and Water
Turbines, in which the theory of the subject is developed
concurrently with its history in such a way as to make it
readily intelligible to the general reader. The problem*
which are at present associated with it are stated, with a
forecast of the possible future of the engine. At the same
time the book contains the most complete theory that has
so far been published of the well-known machines, ami will
be of value to experts and to all users of power.
A HANDBOOK TO SHAKESPEARE. By
MORTON LUCE, Author of A Handbook to Tenny-
son,' &c. Bean. s\ i
This 'Handbook to Shakespeare' offers in cue volume
the critical and explanatory helps that must otherwise be
sought in many books. As far as possible it embodies all
recent research : and, like the author's ' Handbook t<>
Tennyson,' to which it forms a companion, it ain
illustrating principle-, while it supplies information.
THE UNIVERSAL KINSHIP. By J.
HOWARD MOOR K, Author of ' Better World
Philosophy.' Post svo. 4.--. 6rf. net.
"He has brought together a mass of scientific informa-
tion, anecdotes, and descriptions of the ways of different
animals, and seeks to establish in his readers a sense of
their kinship with all things that live— kinship of a triple
character physical, psychical, and ethical .... Written in a
clear and Interesting raahiftn " — Puily Trk'jraph.
THE LOGIC OF VEGETARIANISM.
Essays and Dialogues. Hv HENRV s. SALT.
SECOND KD1TON, REVISED. Post Svo, 1*\ 6<i. net.
XEW VOLUMES OF BOHN'8 STANDARD LIBRARY.
Post s\o, £*. M each.
HAZLITT'S VIEW OF THE ENGLISH
s| Ml or i v nes of Primal! C 1 1 ■ \.\ nis. I lUed
by W. SPENCEB JACKSON.
EMERSON'S WORKS A New Edition in
E vols. With the Text Edited and Collated bv G K( NEtG I :
SAMPSON.
London: GEORGE BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
No 4100, May 26, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
649
CHAPMAN & HALLS FULL SPRING LIST
ALL THE BOOKS BELOW ENUMERATED ARE THIS WEEK READY AT ALL THE BOOKSELLERS'.
DR. REICH'S NEW BOOK,
PLATO
AS AN INTRODUCTION TO MODERN CRITICISM OF LIFE,
Being the .Substance of his Series of Plato Lectures at Claridge's,
WILL BE BEADY ON MONDAY, MAY 28.
Demy 8vo, 10*\ 6rf. net.
ON THE SAME DAY WILL BE ISSUED
A NEW STUDY OF SHAKESPEARE.
THE SHAKfESPEARE SYMPHONY.
An Introduction to the Ethics of the Elizabethan Drama.
By HAROLD BAYLEY.
Demy 8vo, 12x. 6rf. net.
ALSO MB. P. F. WARNER'S BRIGHT AND BREEZY RECORD OF
THE RECENT CRICKET TOUR IN AFRICA.
THE M.C.C. IN SOUTH AFRICA.
By P. F. WARNER, Author of ' How We Recovered the Ashes,' &e.
With numerous Illustrations and Portraits. Crown 8vo, $8.
ALSO A LIVELY AND ENTERTAINING VOLUME OF REMINISCENCES OF
LIFE IN SHANGHAI THIRTY YEARS AGO, ENTITLED
THE MODEL SETTLEMENT.
By C. M. DYCE. Crown Svo, 6*.
Crown Svo, 5s. net.
NICEPHORUS : a Tragedy of New Rome
By FREDERIC HARRISON, Litt.D.
This edition is limited to h~>0 copies, each of which is numbered aiid signed by the author.
"Real dramatic power. . . . All the qualities of a good .acting play." — Spectator.
" We can remember no other case in which a writer making his first dramatic essay so
late in life has achieved such an honourable and even reniarkaole success Vivacity and
power."— Mr. William Akcher in the Tribune.
"The characters are large and conspicuous, the incidents striking, the public and
private matters at stake are important, and the end is unquestionably m the great tragic
manner."— Daily Chronicle.
" Mr. Harrison is a master of a stately and impassioned style, and his heroic and tragic
subject, together with his blank verse medium, lend themselves admirably to his qualities
as a writer." — Glasgow Herald.
A FASCINATING WORK ON HERALDRY.
FICTITIOUS CREATURES IN HERALDRY.
By JOHN VINYCOMB.
With Numerous Illustrations. Demy Svo, 10s. (kl. net.
Among the recently published successes in Messrs.
CHAPMAN & HALL'S List may be mentioned : —
THE SCIENTIFIC DISCOYERY OF THE AGE.
THE ORIGIN OF LIFE: Its Physical Basis and
Definition. By J. BUTLER BURKE. With Photographs, Diagrams, &c. Demy
Svo, 16*. net.
"Is perhaps unique in being a remarkable contribution to the fundamental problem of
biology by one who is not a biologist, but a physicist. It is as a physicist that Mr. Burke
has been attacking this question for the past decade, and his success is a new testimony,
not only to the continuity of Nature, but to the continuity of science — our knowledge of
Nature."— Dr. c. W. su.'kkhy, in the Daily Chronicle, February 26, 1006.
"Mr. Burke's discovers is of immense importance. It seems to put the problem of
life's origin one step further back, lie states the case for continuity in Nature with
admirable lucidity and force, and if his thinking is at times too transcendental for some of
his readers, it is, at any rate, eloquently and cogently expressed. He lias given fresh life
to an inquiry that will never lose its interest." — Daily Telegraph, February 26, 1906.
A FRIEND OF MARIE ANTOINETTE (Lady Atkyns).
By FREDERIC BARBET. With an Introduction by VTCTORIEN SARDOU.
With Portraits. Demy Svo, 10.*. 6</. net. \jsecomd Edition in the press,
"This is a romantic book with a romantic Origin, and all readers who care for the
picturesque and heroic side of history will rind it abundantly to their taste. The style of
the book is animated and full of colour, and it loses nothing of its charm and vivacity in
the hands of an unusually sympathetic translator. We have given a mere outline of the
story, but the original tills in the details with innumerable felicitous touches, fn short,
this is a boob of genuine attractions, worthy of the attention of the historian, ami at the
.same time overflowing with interest for the general reader.'' Daily Telegraph.
"A bod; worthy of attention All the elements of an historical romance and some
hints of new historical revelations." Tribune.
" \ strange romantic story ...A fascinating problem." Daily Graphic
"An invaluable and fascinating addition to our knowledge of the events of the last
years of the eighteenth century."— -Daily Express.
BY-PATHS IN THE BALKANS. By Capt F. W. von
SERBERT, Author of' The Defence of Plevna.' DemySvo, 10*. M. net
" Contains much shrewd criticism, especially on military affairs in Bulgaria." Outlook.
" The author has travelled out of the beaten track, and has picked up a good deal ot
curious information on subjects which the ordinary tourist has no time to attend to, or
would be Incompetent to invest igate, even If the opportunity were given to hiin."
Standard.
"It is at once a collection of Essays on a variety of subjects, and an account of
experiences obtained well off the ordinary traveller's track, and widch different from
those of most people who journey abroad ...He has much that is fresh and informing to
tell us..., of inexhaustible interest to a large number of readers . . . .< 'apt. von Herbert's
work has about it thai touch of personality which lifts a volume out of the ordinary ruck
of travel books. Be has seen, he has observed, he has (bought, and he can write in a
vigorous and Impretwive fashion.'' Daily Telegraph.
"Capt von Herbert's book la to be commended alike for the solid information ii
contains, and as a source of pleasant entertainment."— 5cot«»ian,
langu
heart
Demy 8vo, cloth gilt, 10*. 6<7. net.
THE UNITY OF WILL.
Studies of an Irrationalist.
By GEORGE AINSLIE HIGHT, Author of 'An Essay on Culture.'
A BEAUTIFUL BOOK FOR THOUGHTFUL READERS.
Crown Svo, 6*.
THE MEASURE OF LIFE.
By FRANCES CAMPBELL.
"Marked by much beauty both of thought and expression." — Athenaeum.
" Shows a tine sense for aspects of Nature and the feelings of out-of-the-way people."
Outh„,k.
" Imaginative sketches and stories of fine quality, full of the mysticism of the Celt."
Times.
Every one who cares for really exquisite imagination, expressing itself in sensitive
age, will welcome 'The Measure of Life' as a genuine piece of literature. It has
ami it has distinction." — Daily Telegraph,
Deserves to be widely read as a subtle, refreshing, and luminous book." — Sunday Sun.
CHAPMAN & HALL'S LATEST FICTION,
THIRD EDITION NOW READY OF
AN AMERICAN DUCHESS. By Arabella Kenealy.
Crown Svo, 6*.
IE YOU TAKE AN INTEREST IN THE FIRST APPEARANCE OK A YOUNG
NOVELIST OF QUITE UNUSUAL PROMISE, ASK VOIR
LIBRARIAN TO SEND YOU A COPY OF
THE UPHILL ROAD. By E. C. Ruthven. Crown 8vo,
6*. Just published by Messrs. Chapman it Hall. You have not heard of the author
before, but you will hear a good deal in the next few weeks.
"This, a.s a first novel, merits attention, for the author aims high." — Times.
NEW WORK BY OSWALD CRAWFURD.
JUST PUBLISHED.
THE REVELATIONS OF INSPECTOR MORGAN. By
OSWALD CRAWFURD, O.M.G., Author of 'Sylvia Arden,' 'The Ways of the
.Millionaire,' &c. Price 0».
Contents: Detective-Inspector Morgan -Gentleman Coggins: alias Towers Tin thing
Man The Murder at .lex Farm—The Kidnapped Children.
THE SMITHS OF SURBITON. By Keble Howard.
I Hi 'ilr I, /.'■
THE BISHOP'S APRON. By W. Somerset Maugham.
[Fourth Edition.
THE BENDING OF A TWIG. By Desmond F. T. Coke.
THE MISSES MAKE-BELIEVE. By Mary Stuart Boyd.
AN ELDERLY PERSON, AND SOME OTHERS By
ELLA Mu.MAHON, Anther of 'Oxendale,' 'The Other Son.' 'Jemima,1 Ac.
Crown bio, 6ft
WOMEN AND CIRCUMSTANCE. By Netta Syrett,
Author of ' A Day's Journey,' ifcC. Crown s\o, 8<t,
MEN AT ARMS. By Major W. P. Drury, Author of
'Private Pagett,' 'Bearers of the Burden,' 'The Pinning of the Flagship,
< 'row n gVO, is. (><'.
CHAPMAN & HALL, Ltd., 11, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
650
THE ATHENAEUM
NA4100, Ma, 26, 1906
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Bl vi wii.n DISRAELI,
EARL OF Bl i LELD, 1820 189ft
V .. i r. s kKD Q D B B I B B
o.> f.„ A|-|;ll. ■.-• M \\ . . 'I Nfl . ■■ .1. m i." LI '.wo.
' , iim i
ubuoobapbi oi rn i mi. "i i.i loomomu)
■ii.i, ladodM kk\- tc 'VIYIAJI BUI
, omikomii i "i ii mii '".i nn>i moi
f i tht M\ N uml-i-. M . ■■[ n..- hi i—t, ^. M.
l. .11 N ( H: \M IS :,i,.| .1 KHHAIIM KHANl IS.
\ , lii.-iini!- BnUdlnfS, < h.ui,. i j I
BIBLIOGRAPHY OP
i hi: BIGHT BON. W. B. GLADSTONE.
J o T B s ixD Q 0 B R I B 8
(a DN 'KMlSKIMiiuii.l VI I-'', .ui.l JAM'ARY 7 hii.I
i, 'Mains A UBUOGBAFKY 07 KB <;i.\dstosk.
Prist ot thi Four Nambsn, la, t' ; at fiee i.y port, It, «xi.
.liUIN r KKAMIS and .1 KDWAKD KK AMIS.
iasOAoa, Bream » liiiit.iinKM. < bam • rj I. B.O.
N
T
EACHERS' SCRIPTURAL LIBRARY.
I'm. Bbrpi not ru« h in t.
By W. T. LYNN. B.A. F.R.A.S.
1. BRIEF LESSONS ON THE PARABLES AND
MIKAi I.K.S OF ol'K LORD. Th« Fir>t Part OOOtallU .short
Expositions ol the Parables, arranged according to Date: In the
So-., ml. ilie Miracles an treated under tin- heads ,.f the Regions
iu whieli tluj «ere wrought. Willi Two Illustrations.
•2. EMINENT SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS:
■ BariM 'if Biographical Studies in the Old and New Testaments.
I Must nit.-, 1 )>) si\ Views ol Biblical Scene*, which will, it Is hoped,
be found useful to all w lio are interested in the study of the Holy
Bexipture.
Published by STONES! AN. 29. Paternoster Square, E.C.
pOCKROACHES CLEARED WITH BLATTIS.
Qaed everywhere with unfailing success snne Mr. E. Howartb,
F.Z.B., destroyed plague of thciu at Sheffield Workhouse
in l*n>.
SUPPLIED Bl ORDER To HIS MAJESTY TIIE KINO
AT SANDKIMillAM.
Recommended by Dr II. Woodward, K.K.S.. Canon K. Jacques, R.D.,
the Outex, and all Ladies' Papers.
Tins 1«. 3d., 28. :ul., 4.s. txf.
HOWAKTH & FAIR, 471. Cruiksmoor Road, Sheffield.
For Acidity of the Stomach.
For Heartburn and Headache.
For Gout and Indigestion.
D
INNEFORD'S
MAGNESIA,
For Sour Eructations and Bilious Affections.
A Safe and most effective Aperient for
regular use.
Insurance (Companies.
RATIONAL PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION
FOR
MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE.
Estab. 1835.
ASSURANCE AND INVESTMENT.
Write for Leaflet on
NET COST OF ENDOWMENT ASSURANCES.
48, GBAOEOHUBCH STREET, LONDON, E.C.
ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS, SICKNESS,
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, BURGLARY, AND
FIDELITY GUARANTEE RISKS
INSURED AGAINST BY THE
"DAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
Capital Ifully subscribed) £1,000.000 Claims imid ffi.ooo ,WM
64, CORNHILL LONDON. A. VIAN, 8eereUrr»
TENTH EDITION, pti I ■ So
CELESTIAL MOTIONS:
A Handy Book of Astronomy.
Tenth Edition. With :i PI
By W. T. LYNN, BJL F.lt.A.H.,
Associate ol King*! College, London] Lay Readei in tin D I Southwark,
Author of 'Remarkable Ooneto,' 'Remerksble Eclipse*,' ' Aftronom j for tiie Voung,' &c
" Well known as one of our bc-Kt introdm i trouoiny." Ouanlitm.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MAR8TON & CO., Ltd., 16a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
EIGHTH EDITION, leap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
REMARKABLE ECLIPSES:
A Sketch of the most interesting Circumstances connected with the
Observation of Solar and Lunar Eclipses, both in Ancient and Modern Times.
By W. T. LYNX, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, K
THIRTEENTH EDITION, JUST OUT, price Sixpence, cloth.
REMARKABLE COMETS:
A Brief Survey of the most interesting Facts in the History of Cometary
Astronomy.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
SECOND EDITION NOW READY, price One Shilling.
BIBLE CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Becorded in the Holy Scriptures, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates, with a Description of the Places named,
and a Supplement on English Versions.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
"This compendious and useful little work." — Guardian, March 14, 1906.
London: SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
SECOND EDITION, fcap. 8vo, price Fourpence.
NEW TESTAMENT CHRONOLOGY:
The Principal Events Recorded in the New Testament, arranged under their
Probable Respective Dates.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
NEXT WEEK'S ATHENEUM will contain
Reviews of ARTHUR SHEDWELL'S
INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY and A. C.
BENSON'S WALTER PATER.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Bream's Buildings, Chancer)' Lane, EC.
N° 4100, May 26, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
651
THE
LITERARY SENSATION
OF 1906.
PRINTERS' PIE
Edited by
W. HUGH SPOTTISWOODE,
The Great Literary and Artistic Annual, the
Proceeds of which go to Printing Trades
Charities, is
NOW READY.
PRINTERS' PIE contains Articles,
Stories, and Drawings by
W. L. ALDEN.
F. ANSTEY.
THE DUKE OF ARGYLL,
K.T.
ALFRED AUSTIN (POET
LAUREATE).
M. E. BRADDON.
J. HI. BULLOCH.
G. B. BURGIX.
GERALD CAMPBELL.
MARIE CORELLI.
Lieut. - Col. NEWNHAM
DAVIS.
AUSTIN DOBSON.
ATHOL FORBES.
TOM GALLON.
SARAH GRAND.
C. J. CUTCLIFFE HYNE.
E. V. LUCAS.
H. W. LUCY.
BARRY PAIN.
MAXPEMBERTON.
MOSTVN T. PIGOTT.
"WILLIAM LB QUEUX.
FRANK RICHARDSON.
AW PE1TRIDGK.
ADRIAN ROSS.
DORA SIGERSOX.
G. R. SIMS.
KATHARINE TYNAN.
ISRAEL ZANGAVILL.
CECIL ALDIN.
G. D. ARMOUR.
H. M. BATEMAN.
LEWIS BAUMER.
GEORGE BELCHER.
H. M. BROCK.
TOM BROWNE.
DUDLEY BUXTON.
FRANK CHESWORTH.
CHARLES FOLKARD.
HARRY FURNISS.
0. DANA GIBSON.
.TAMES GREIG.
JOHN HASSALL.
L. RAVEN HILL.
GUNNING KING.
WILL OWEN.
CHARLES PEARS.
F. PEGRAM.
E. T. REED.
REGINALD SAVAGE.
PENRHYN STANLAWS.
LANCE THACKERAY.
F. H. TOWNS END.
LESLIE WILLSON.
DAVID WILSON.
LAWSON WOOD.
STARR WOOD.
WhatPRINTERS'PIEhasdone:
In 1903, when Air. Spottiswoode first produced
tin- Annual on behalf of the Funds of the Printers'
Pension Corporation, 10,000 copies were sold.
In 1904, the entire edition of 25,000 copies was
sold out.
In 1905, the entire edition of 40,000 was sold
out.
THIS YEAR 50,000 COPIES ARE
BEING PRODUCED.
lvi oh Copy sold benefits a Charity whose work
has peculiar claims for public support.
Each Copy has attached to it an Accident
Insurance Coupon for £2,000 for
three months.
1/-
ON SAL E
AT ALL
[.STALLS ANT) NBW8AOE1
I/"
CHATT0&WINDUS'S6s. NOVELS.
NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF
' THE GUN-RUNNER.'
HARLEY GREENOAK'S
CHARGE.
By BERTRAM MITFORD.
Harley Greenoak, an up-country hunter, under-
takes the guidance of a high-spirited, adventure-
seeking young Englishman visiting South Africa,
who has an irresistible tendency towards getting
into scrapes ; and it is Greenoak's especial business
to get him out of them. The reader is carried
through a series of stirring scenes— of fierce righting
and stubborn defence— of timely and well-nigh
miraculous rescues— and even one episode of weird
mystery ; while interwoven throughout is a love
romance whose heroine is fully up to the sample
of Mr. Bertram Mitford's many creations in that
line.
NEW BOOK BY THE AUTHOR OF
•EAST OF SUEZ.'
RED RECORDS.
By ALICE PERRIN,
Author of ' Waters of Destruction.'
"Full of fine descriptive work and moving
drama." — Times.
" A very unusual power of convincing drama
The stories all thrill."— Outlook.
' ' The stories are certainly astonishingly vital
Mrs. Perrin is one of the finest short-story writers
we have Her work possesses rare sympathy,
delicacy, and reticence No woman writer of
to-day has ever told the secrets hidden in the heart
of a young man with more uncanny subtleness and
cleverness." — Standard.
"All worth reading The stories possess
considerable attraction."— South-port Guardian.
THE NEW TALE OF RUSSIAN JEWRY.
THE FERRY OF FATE.
By SAMUEL GORDON,
Author of 'Sons of the Covenant.'
"A striking novel. The characterization is
strong and clear Mr. Gordon has united excite-
ment and distinction in a remarkable manner."
Morning Leader.
NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF
' MADAME IZAN.'
THE LOST EARL OF ELLAN.
By Mrs. CAMPBELL PRAED,
Author of 'Christina Chard.'
" Mrs. Praed's Australian stories are always full
of life and vivid description, and ' The Lost Earl of
Elian ' is no exception. It is full of admirable
pictures of Australian bush life Excellent
humour It is an enjoyable story." — Tribune.
THE WOMAN IN THE
ALCOVE.
By ANNA KATHARINE GREEN.
"The author of 'The Leavenworth Case' can
lie always depended upon for a good and absorbing
detective story, in which the wits of the reader
prove no match for her skill or cleverness. 'The
Woman in the Alcove' is just as bewildering, just
as fascinating, as any of its predecessors, and is told
with all the vivacity and charm that have made
this author popular in the best sense on both sides
of the Atlantic Only at the end could we stop
to admire the author's cleverness." — Standard.
THREE
RECENT BOOKS of IMPORTANCE
Published by Messrs. PITMAN.
WHISTLER AND OTHERS.
Lon(le.i:CIIATTO&\\'INI)ls, in, si. Martin's Las*, W.C.
By
FREDERICK
WEDMORE.
With
Photogravure
Portrait.
6s. net.
"Mature thought."
Horning Post.
' ' Mr. Wed more the
accepted authority on Whist-
ler."— Times.
" Often instructive and
always delightful, revealing
insight and knowledge."
Scotsman.
" Informed with wealth of
learning, and expressed with
a delightful ease."
Morning Leader.
"Chapters in which Mr.
Wedmore's vast knowledge
of art, his gifts of intuition,
and his catholic taste stand
evident on every page
Mr. Wedmore is a master of
English. "—Sxuiday Times.
1.
THE
QUEEN'S ERRANDS.
[2nd Edition.)
By
Capt.
PHILIP
WYNTER
(for Thirty-five
Years one
of the
Foreign
Office
Special
Messengers).
With 6
Photogravures,
10s. 6r/. net.
"Delightfully garrulous,
attractively inconsequential,
withal shrewd, with a keen
scent for a good story, and
a happy way of rc-telling it.
A breezy unconventional,
well-informed book, it has
all the charm of good talk
across the walnuts and the
wine." — Punch.
" At all times his writing
is characterized by a fresh-
ness and vigour which of
themselves will commend
this volume to all who may
have the good fortune to read
it." — Tribune.
2.
SOLITARY.
By
ROBERT
HITOH
BENSON,
Author of
' The King's
Achievement,'
' By What
Authority,'
Ac.
'" Richard Raynal ' is un-
forgettable a study for all
times and all people Mr.
Benson has done nothing
which for beauty and high
literary quality can compare
with 'Richard Raynal, Soli-
tary.' " — Daily Telegraph.
" There is a beauty of
conception in this simple
life, a poetic as well as a
highly spiritual feeling,
which, together with its
literary merit, make it a
book to read and read again,
to influence as well as to
charm."
Westminster Gazette.
SIR ISAAC PITMAN k SONS, LiMiTK.n,
London. Bath. New York.
652
Til E ATI! ENJEUM
N' 1100. ILli 26, 190*3
ME8SRS. J. M. DENT <fe CO.'S NEW BOOKS.
ROMANCES OF DUMAS.
In 48 Volumes, Complete and Unabridged.
Messrs. J, M. DENT .v 00. are reissuing their celebrated 60 Volume Edition ol the Romanoee "i
Dumas, absolutely Complete and Unabridged, with all the Original Illustrations, in a new and handy
form. The books haw been thoroughly rearranged, and the whole will huh !»• oontained in is volume*,
at Sail ■ < Iron o net pet rolome.
VOLUMES NOW BEADY.
THE THREE MUSKETEERS.
TWENTY YEARS AFTER.
THE COMPANIONS OF JEHU.
THE WHITES AND THE BLUES.
Each
Tw o Volumes.
The ATHENAEUM says: — "A neat, well printed edition The translation is fluent and easy,
and the illustrations provided are creditable work."
Please write for Deacriptivt Prospectus.
ENGLISH MEN OF SCIENCE.
Edited by J. REYNOLDS GREEN, Sc.D. F.R.S. F.L.S.
A New Series of biographical monographs, contributed by writers prominent both in science
and literature, dealing with the lives and works of Famous English Men of Science.
VOLUMES NOW HEADY.
HERBERT SPENCER.
By J. ARTHUR THOMSON, M.A.
The BIRMINGHAM POST says:— "After the great autobiography— and preferable to it in
many respects — there is no book in the language which gives a better conception of the philosopher and
his work, or gives it more pleasantly."
JUST HEAVY.
JOSEPH PRIESTLEY.
By Dr. T. E. THORPE, OB. F.R.S.
Cloth, 2*-. GfZ. net each.
The EVENING 8TANDABD says : — "This book should encourage readers to learn more of the
' honest heretic' of the eighteenth century, and to arrive at a larger understanding of Priestley"s services
to science."
Kindly write for Prospectus, including List of future Volumes, also Specimoi ]'u<j>.
THE COLLEGE MONOGRAPHS.
Edited and Illustrated by EDMUND H. NEW.
Price, in cloth Cover Designed by the Artist, per vol. 1*. 6d. net.
JUST READY.
TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.
By W. W. HOUSE BALL, M.A., Formerly Fellow and Tutor.
IN PREPARATION.
MAGDALEN COLLEGE, OXFORD. By the President.
MERT0N COLLEGE, OXFORD. By Rev. H. J. White, M.A., formerly
Fellow and Chaplain.
NEW COLLEGE, OXFORD. By A. 0. Prickard, M. A., formerly of the College.
ST. JOHNS COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. By the Senior Bursar.
KING'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. By C. R. Fay, B.A.
Pleaet writ* for Prospectus of this s, rit -, including Specimen IUuetratione,
A COMPANION YOLUME TO 'NORMANDY.'
PICTURESQUE BRITTANY.
By lira a HI HUB BELL
With numerous Coloured Dlnatrationa.
I Ins IxHik is baaed On an actual tour undertaken
in 1905, supplemented by much
ding the j>i'<\ rj illy.
JUST BEADY. KKW.net. Medium 8
A COMPANION YOLUME TO 'BRITTANY.
NORMANDY.
By GORDON EOME
Illustrated in Line and Colour by the AUTHOR,
10*. 8tt net,
"The letterpress is excellently done, but
charm ot Mr. (iordon Home's w rk 1 ..ally
in the two dozen colour plates from watci colour
drawings, exceptionally well reproduced in del
and restrained tones." Westmii
SOME GUINEA COLOUR BOOKS.
PARIS and its Story.
ROME and its Story.
OXFORD and its Story.
CAMBRIDGE and its Story.
EDINBURGH and its Story.
VENICE and its Story.
Each of these Books is by an Author thoroughly
conversant with his theme, and is fully illustrated
both in Line and Colour, several of the Vol
have over 100 Illustrations, including many Repro-
ductions of famous Pictures. There is also a
Limited Large-Paper Edition of each Book, with
the exception of 'Cambridge' and ' Veni< . which
are all sold.
MEDI/EVAL TOWN SERIES.
"LITERARY GUIDE-BOOKS.
Volumes now ready: —
Assisi. Constantinople, Moscow, Nuremberg,
Perugia, Prague, Toledo.
Cloth, 3s. 6d. net ; leather, 4*. 6V. :
Bruges, Brussels, Cairo, Cambridge, Chartres,
Edinburgb, Ferrara, Florence, London. Rome.
Rouen, Siena, Seville, Venice, Verona.
Cloth. K dd. net : leather. 5a •>•/.
i Ahrlo. /.'- <idy very shortly.
"Indispensable to those about to visit ...in-
teresting to those who stay at home.'' /'
A NEW PROSPECTUS, giving full particulars of
this Series, w^th Specimen Pages, is JUST
READY, and fill be sent post free on appli-
cation.
JUST READY. Cloth. 3a Bd. net
RECOLLECTIONS OF A
TIGER AND BISON HUNTER
By •• FELIX."
The interesting Reimnisrenees of a Sportsman
who spent twenty six years in India, and in that
time killed well over .""»< M > head of big game.
•• This lively and well-written book of narratives
iv -,, pleasantly sit out that, though mainly
interesting to hunters, it should not tail also to
find favour with readers who like to enjoj an
adventure without leaving their own fireside-."
v toman,
J. M. DENT & CO. '29, Bedford Street, London, W.C.
Editorial Oommunioationi ihould be addnsee I to "THE EDITOR"— Adrertlsements and Ihirinti* Lttton to "THE rrr.l.tsiiKKS -at the office, Hi-cam's KtiiMiiiKt, Chancery Dane, E.c .
Published Weekly by JOHN o. FRANCIS and .1. EDWARD FRANCIS at Bream'i Buildings, Ohanoerj Una, B.C and Prime. 1 by J. EDWARD FRANCIS, Athanstnm Press, Bream* Buildings. I
Agent* for Scotland Messrs. 1.1:1.1. a BRADF1 ti: and Mr. JOHN MEN/.iks, Edlnburgh.-Saturdaj MaySMWe.
THE ATHENAEUM
f 0itrnal of ^ngltslj antr yarrign literature %tfctut, t\jt $'mt ^rts, Jltusic an& tijt Drama*
No. 4101.
SATURDAY, JUNE 2, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
EEGISTEEED AS A NEWSPAPER
W ILLIAM BROWN,
Pine Art, Antiquarian, and General Bookseller
and Publisher,
Begs to intimate that he has
NOW REMOVED
From 26, Princes Street, Edinburgh,
To more Commodious Premises at
5, CASTLE STREET, EDINBURGH.
ORIANA MADRIGAL SOCIETY.
THIRD CONCERT, at
.3EOLIAN HALL. New Bond Street, W.,
On TUESDAY EVENING, June 12, at 8.30 p.m.
Vocalist— Miss EMMIE TATHAM.
Reserved Stalls, 7s. ed. and 5s. ; Unreserved Seats, 2s. M. ; of Mr.
H. J. L. J. MASSE (Hon. Sec. Oriana Madrigal Soeietyl, 37, Mount
Park Crescent, Ealing, W., or at the iEolian Hall.
<EJ£rjtbttt0ns.
EXHIBITION of PAINTINGS by ARTHUR
STUDD and J. D. FEKGUSSON, and METAL WORK by G.
DIKKERS & CO.. of Holland, NOW OPEN.— THE BAILLIE
.GALLERY, 54, Baker Street, W., 10 to 6.
O
LD BRITISH SCHOOL.— SHEPHERD'S
SPRING EXHIBITION includes choice Landscapes and Por-
traits by the Masters of the Old British School of Painting.
SHEPHERDS GALLERY, 27, King Street, St. James's Square,
ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS.— NOTICE IS
HEREBY GIVEN That the President and Council will
proceed to ELECT, on JUNE 13, TWO TURNER ANNUITANTS.
Applicants for the Turner Annuity, which is of the value of SOI.,
must l>c Artists of repute in need of aid through the unavoidable
failure of professional employment or other causes.— Forms of
application tan he obtained by letter addressed to the Secretary,
Royal Academy of Arts. Piccadilly, W. They must he filled in arid
.returned on or before SATURDAY, June 9.
By Order,
FRED. A. EATON, Secretary.
LOST MS— TO LIBRARIANS AND COL-
LECTORS OF MSB.— The Original SIS. in French of the
HEMOLRS OF AMBROISE TOUSSAINT DE CARTRIE, COUNT
DE Y1LLENIERE Ihrother of the famous Vendean heroine. Madame
Bulkeley), giving hia miraculous adventures in the war in La Vendee
and his experiences after his arrival at the Two Friends, Princes
' London, 1794, and subsequently as gardener on the estate of
Mr. Dott, at, Bltterne Grove, Southampton, from I7'.i7 to isoo. The
user would be glad to discover the original Ms before the
Memoirs are retranslated into French by M. PIERRE AMEDEE
PICHKT, under the editorship of M. FREDERIC MASSON. and
before the contemporary English translation now in the British
Museum has been published. Information would be gladly received
by JOHN LANE, The Bodley Head, Vigo Street, London, W.
(Educational.
QT, PAUL'S GIRLS' SCHOOL,
v ' BROOK GREEN, W.
An EXAMINATION for FOUNDATION SCHOLARSHIPS oven
ru undei 16 years of age, will be held al the SCHOOL on
. 10. ll, and 12. which will exempt the Scholars from payment of
i,",' ' ;.'.','.' ,V ?'." further particulars maj Is obtained from the HEAD
U13J lih>.'i of the School.
WESTMINSTER SCHOOL.— An EXAMINA-
TION will be held on JUNE 27! 38 and « to fill
INCIES in SCHOLARSHIPS and EXHIBPHONS.-Foi par'
letter to the lit RSAH I Little Dean's
Yard, Westminster.
J) R A 1' E R S' C 0 M P A N Y.
sm.l'.v BCH0LAR8HIP ami EXHIBITION FUND
DRAPERS COMPANY will lb ■ BCOLARSH1PS
haw, or the I> n
In " will be • ■
at the
r
I al henceds
.,,
' ffnipanj «
il. for Tin.
1
1
ro THv7?Xl p'l'vv "l?J llC °',lt?,n ! ' ' l:i;K
hi. I ".Ml an\. Drap . ii 01, I
THE GOVERNORS OF THE
pERSE SCHOOL, CAMBRIDGE,
Desire to call attention to the advantages offered
by this SCHOOL,
Which Prepares
BOYS FOR THE UNIVERSITIES, AND FOR
PROFESSIONAL AND COMMERCIAL CAREERS.
Under the Head Mastership of Dr. Rouse efforts have
been made to improve on the ordinary methods of Teaching.
Of the distinctive features of the School Work the following
may be specially mentioned : —
(1) Improved Teaching of the Classics, resulting in a
great saving of time.
(•2) Spoken French and German.
(3) Teaching of English and English Literature in all
the Classes.
(4) A carefully graded Science Course.
(5) Drawing leading up to the Engineering Tripos.
The work of the Preparatory School is also specially
suited for Candidates for the Navy.
A Detailed Account of the Work of the School has been
drawn up, and may, together with the ordinary Prospectus,
be had of the Clerk to the Governors,
J. F. EADEN, Esq.,
15, SIDNEY STREET, CAMBRIDGE.
pHURCH EDUCATION CORPORATION.
CHERWELL HALL. OXFORD.
Training College for Women Secondary Teachers. Principal, Miss
CATHERINE I. DODD. M.A., late Lecturer in Education at the
University of Manchester.
.Students are prepared for the Oxford Teacher's Diploma, the
Cambridge Teachers Certificate, the Teacher's Diploma of the
University of London, and the Higher Froebel Certificate
TWO SCHOLARSHIPS of 2S. a year each are offered in JUNE to
Students entering Cherwell Hall for a year's training.
Full particulars on application
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for Boys or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
arc invited to call upon or semi fully detailed particulars to
MESSRS. OABBITA8, THRING & 00.,
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advii v. free of charge, is given by Mr. TURING, Nephew of the
late Head Master of Uppingham, 36, Sackvillc Street, London, W.
Situations Vacant.
jyjINISTRY OF EDUCATION, EGYPT.
1IEAH MASTERSHIP.
A HEAD MASTER for the largest SECONDARY SCHOOL in
cairo. under I he Ministry of Education, will he required In
OCTOBER NEXT. Salary 61M. B2W. per annum.
Mend Master's Souse, newly built, close to the School, Allowance
for passage out to Egypt. Summer Vacation not less than Two
Months.
Staff, of which English University Men form a large put. numbers
OVI i I"
Applicants should be laymen, between 30 and 40 wars of age
Application, with Statement of age, Honours at School and
University, and of experience in teaching, accompanied hy copies of
Testimonials, to he sen I before JUNE 30, 1906, to DOUGLAS DUNLOP
Esq., Gullane, Haddingtonshire, to whom Egyptian Candidates may
apply by letter for furl her information.
T> R I G G GRAMMAR SCHOOL.
The GOVERNORS ini itions for the appointment oi
HEAD M V8TER ot tin BOYS si HOOL. Fixed pearli
with Capitation P» Good Hoi nmodii
Hon for Ji Boarders), Garden, and Sanatorium. Thi 8i
provided with Workshop and I m,| is
liool.
m ersity
'I'll- d il ■' -I the Head Ma tei » 11
TERM, ltd
begin « itb the w TUMN
Vppli. ttioni toll
\TI 111' \Y,
I'll INK ' HETT, < lcrk.
THE VII TOR] \
TTNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER.
CO! Nl II, ■ iboul t ■ , \\T |,i;( -it
in CI.', i-
should be ma \K
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
Q
UEEN'S COLLEGES, IRELAND.
The PROFESSORSHIP of CIVIL ENGINEERING in the
QUEEN'S COLLEGE, CORK, will become VACANT on the 6th day
of OCTOBER, 1906.— Candidates for that Office are requested to
forward their Testimonials to the UNDER SECRETARY, Dublin
Castle, on or before the 7th day of JULY NEXT, in order that the
same may be submitted to His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant. For
any further information Candidates should apply to the PRESIDENT
OF THE COLLEGE.
Dublin Castle, May 24, 1906.
B
EDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London),
YORK PLACE, BAKER STREET, W.
The COUNCIL are about to appoint a LECTURER IN ENGLISH
LANGUAGE and LITERATURE. The Council reserve the right,
if found desirable, to make separate appointments for Language and
Literature. — Applications, with copies of Testimonials, to Vie sent in
by JUNE '20 to the Secretary, from whom information can be
obtained. HILDA WALTON, Secretary.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London i,
YORK PLACE, BAKER STREET, W.
The COUNCIL are about to appoint a DEMONSTRATOR in
CHEMISTRY.— Applications, with Testimonials, to lie sent in by
JUNE 20 to the Secretary, from whom particulars can be obtained.
HILDA WALTON. Secretary.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London),
YORK PLACE, BAKER STREET, W.
The COUNCIL are about to appoint an ASSISTANT LECTURER
in FRENCH, who shall be a Woman specially qualified in Linguistics.
Applications, with Testimonials, to be sent in by JUNE 20 to the
Secretary, from whom particulars can be obtained.
HILDA WALTON. Secretary.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of Londoul,
YORK PLACE. BAKER STREET, W.
The COUNCIL are about to appoint a WOMAN .is PHYSICAL
INSTRUCTOR, who will be required to give her whole time to her
duties in the College.
Applications, with Testimonials, to he sent in by JUNE 20 to the
Secretary, from whom particulars can be obtained.
HILKA WALTON. Secretary.
K
ENT EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
FOLKESTONE HIGHER EDUCATION SUBCOMMITTEE.
COUNTY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, FOLKESTONE.
WANTED, in SEPTEMBER NEXT, an ASSISTANT MISTRESS
at the above-named school. Candidates should be qualified to
teach FRENCH, CLASS SINGING, or DRILL, and general Form
Subjects.
initial Salary. lOOZ. per annum, rising, in accordance with Hie Com-
mittee's Scale, by annual increments of 7/. 10s for the first Tu.. Years,
then'of 51. to a maximum of 1401, or WW., according to Academic
qualifications.
Application Forms will be supplied by Mr T. WILKINSON, Radnor
Chambers, Chariton Place, Folkestone, to whom they must be returned
so as to reach him not later than SATURDAY, June Hi. 1906.
Canvassing will be considered a disqualification.
By onler of the Committee,
FRAS. W. crook. Secretary.
4-1, Bedford Row. London, W.C , May 23, 1906.
K
ENT EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
BROMLEY HIGHER EDUCATION SUB-COMMITTEE.
COUNTY school FOB GIRLS, BROMLEY.
WANTED, in SEPTEMBER NEXT, at the above named schooi
(a| An ASSISTANT MISTRESS to teach MATHEMATICS
Principal Subject. A Graduate in Mathematics will be preferred
Initial Salary, L00J. to 110!, per annum, according to qualifications and
expei ience i
,l.i An assistant MISTRESS specially qualified to teach
NEEDLEWORK. Initial Salary, 901. to 1001 per annum, according
to qualifical ions and experience.
Candidates for either post should state fully what Supplemi
Subjects they can offei
in each case the Salary «ill rise, in accordance with the Com
mil ( re's Scale, by annual in< rements of 72. 10s. foi the first Two Years
then by 61. to a maximum oi 140L oi I60i i ling to
Academic qualifications.
Application forms «ill be supplied bj Ml n 3 WHARRIE
Education Offices, Bromley, Kent, to whom the} musl I
as to reach him not latei than SATURDAY, Jum u
Canvassing will be, disqualifii al
Bj Oi ii i ..I i hi i
IK \s w i ROOK
-ii, Bedford Row, London, w .C M
rpHE COUNTY SCHOOL, ABERDARE
I SOUTH v\ \I,i:s
v\ I.NTBD, i. ■ L:
i \1. MISTRESS
,-,
, to "ml. ii ii. I \\ ork
ii in addition Commencing S llnuni
I A I
UGLISH M 181 i reparo
Pupil
SEP
Tl Mllll: MAT
Vppl Id he
v. , ii v:i |.-\ i 0X, M L, B
654
TH E ATH KNJKUM
NMloi, Juhe2, 1906
rpiu: BALI BCHOOLS, SHIPLEY, i'ORKS,
|OV8 MM. II » I I.
\ ACAM V In HKIVI viii i HAHTBR: II
(ln«ni.hi Kl.ii,. niMr HI, .ill, mill- 100/ . nun
III Mi M IHTKII
c
OUN n BOROUGH OP ORO"V DON.
KM r ITIOS ' I'flM ITTEE.
BECONDAR1 >< it I "i; hi i: I -. SOUTH NORWOOD
T I,, i h\i M 1 TTEF. Invito aMrilcnlknta foi the t">»t '•< UEAD
MISTIit »- ul (III ll W lli'nl. , ,
I ,. , Siiollilnri •-• Iiool mi. I.i tin- K. .-nl ill. .111. ..I the
■ ill. n. I.. I ..nljr 1 1* Si holam who
ml. nl t.. I- Teachers lu Publli Elementary BchooU, of ■bom
re nl. ml _i«i
UcanU »hould hme a t nlvcndt! I'- rrei 01 it- • ''lulvnlent, an. I
must iiuti- li:i.l experiem .- Iii .1 . irj BchocJ.
IlltUlU.
almoin nt «ill .lull- from SEPTEMBER I. 1906, and
I .:i It 1 1 II l.i in ..I .In! li- il II I"- ■ 'I -t -«1 IK-. 1 1 1 "HI the llllilcl signed.
Apple Hi. hi- should lie made on tti.-ntlni.il form, t.. be ol.tiiiin-.l
f the Clerk t.. the Education C< nlttee, Katharine Street,
Croydon, t.i whom thoj n hi -t !••■ i. iiiiin-il nut later than in o'clock •■"
mpunied In. cyi'lps ol :it least Three
i CJlRB BMTTH. Clerk.
M i\ •
s
PANCUAS llliLIC LIHKARDBB.
WANTED ii.ii;i:\i;\ 188I8TAN1 for Temporary Work. Mary,
not exceeding the rata of 7W. pet imiiiiiii. Moonnng to age ami
qualifii iii- ni- Afi.lv. in own handwriting, aa early aa possible and
without Testimonials In the first |.l to the Borough Librarian,
No. 116, Great College Street, K.W. Preference will he given to
applicant* with exiierlence in Shorthand and Truing aswell aa in
Libran Work 0. II V. DARHETT, Town Clerk.
Th.- Town Hall. Pann-as Road, N.W.. H May, 1908.
0 R K
PUBLIC
LIBRARY.
An ASSISTANT WANTED. Previoua experience in » I'n-r
[dbrary, and ■ good knowledge of Books ami of Cataloguing, essential.
Belary 7W.— Applications, stating age, &<v. accompanied by copies of
not niorc than three Testimonials, must be delivered not later than
the morning of Tl ESDAY', June 5. to
ARTIU'K 11. FURNISH, City Librarian.
Clifford Street, York. May. rami.
TNI) I A. — PUBLISHER'S ASSISTANT
J. WASTED for BOMBAY. One with Educational Supply-House
training and used to travelling preferred.— Reply, giving full nar-
ti.ulais an to experience, age. and Salary ex'pi-cted. to Box liii»,
Athemcuin Press, IS, Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane, E.C.
JUNIOR CLERK WANTED, in the Office of a
Learned Society, not Binder l <j years old. Salary BOL to 00?,
Mu-t write a good hand, ami be ilble to use the Type-writer:— Address
E. 1).. care of Anderson's Advertising Agency. 14. Cockspur Street, S.W
WANTED, an experienced CATALOGUER,
Must be able to correct Proofs.— Apiilv. liv letter, to FRANCIS
EDWARDS, Bookseller, SI, High Street, Mar.vlehone, London, W.
^itualiona vMantub.
TO PUBLISHERS and EDITORS.— EMPLOY-
Ml- NT \\ \NTEIi in r.ny Ltt-rury tl .l;:urn::lutic sapa-ity
MSS. read an.l prepared for Press. Editing, Compilings Indexing,
Keeearcnea at the British Museum, ftc. Foreign Languages. Good
knowledge of Continental Affairs anil Literature. —ERNEST A.
YIZETELLT. 48, .Southampton Buildings. Chancery Lane. W.C.
AN actiYe YOUNG MAN (23) requites
SITUATION as PUBLISHER'S or BOOKSELLER'S ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply good references.— T„ Box 1070, Atheutcum Press,
18, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
SEARCHES at BRITISH MUSEUM and oilier
LIBRARIES in English. French, Flemish. Dutch. Herman, and
Latin. Seventeen years experience. — J. A. RANDOLPH, lis,
Alexandra Road. Wimbledon, s.W.
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British. Museum and elsewhere on moderate terms. Excellent
Testimonials.— A.B., Box 1082, Athenaeum Press, 18, Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane, E.C.
iKiscillatuoiiB.
A
N OPENING occurs for a GENTLEMAN (not
_. over twenty five vears of age' of sound Eilueation and Literal v
Tastes, to obtain TRAINING under a well-known London EDITOR".
Premium, lOOi.— Apply in first Instance to KOixovfjoc , Box ls-ji, care
of Willing'n. bte, Strand.
SHORTHAND. —PRIVATE SECRETARIES,
specially trained in Shorthand Journalism, and all Secretarial
duties i Ladles and Gentlemen of good family and superior education',
can Ik- secured on application to THE HEAD MASTER OF THE
URITISII SCHOOLS nl-' I'liMMERCE ifoi the Nol.ilit v and Gentry.
97. New Bond Street. W. Tel. «>U Gcrrard.
TRAINING for PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
WORK and INDEXING -Apply Miss PETII ERBHIDGE (Nat.
S. i. Tlipos'. Ma, Conduit Street. Bond Street. London, W
A RTTSTIC BOOKBINDING. - Miss
JC1. WINIFRED STUPES. 11. Gallon Road. I lalnpstead. BINDS,
HALE BINDS, or I! EPA IKS BOOKS. Pupils received. Terms on
application. Bindery open to Visitors 10 to D, Saturdays excepted.
£25,000.
Uusinrss for Disposal.
-FOR BALE, as a going concern,
an old established PI I'.l.lsll I NG 1:1 SI Ms-
doing a large turnover in Standard Rooks no Novels with a lug
reputation ut America and the Continent. The Price asked Is equal
onlv to a rerj tow valuation ol the Stock and Copyrights, or a IVirfucr
niili part ..t the required amount might be entertained.— Appl
further particulars to.A B. C., care of Anderson's Advertising
gi i.i l i. Coekspnr Street. S.W.
(TTjpr-(i?ilritfr«5. \*r.
l I HOR8'M88.,NOVEL8,8rORIE8 PLATS,
EASAYs Tl PI '■' •' I"
w.,r.l» I leu! Cat '-. • • t-. »'W-
known « ut. i- M. STI ART
Uiuk Rox borough Ru H ■
AUTHO R s' M ss , M. pea 1,000 mad*
-I RUON8, PLAYS ENVELOPES, and all kinda carefully
TYPED il home I Remington Good |.i|« i Ordrri uroinptl)
mi.. I M I I d . 11..W known aa IX. Hdgth-y KiMd,
(ftlfeim s
1W TK WIM'I l\<; nndertakon by highly edw
Women Oatnhrtds> Higher Local ; Uodern
Langi i irch, Kei n, TraiuUtlon. Dictation 1' -
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPEWRITING AOBKCT, 10. Duke Mi. .t.
ITelphl, w a .
rpYPE-WRITINCr. '■>■'■ i>er 1,000 words. All
1 kind- of MSS., STORIES PXAtfi A- .1.1.1, TYPED
Carbons, ->i p<-r 1,000, Best reference*. \l. KlNti 7. Corona I
Pinner Road, Harrow.
AUTHORS, I'ulilisln-,1 and CiiiniWished, in i.cc<l
of GUIDANCE and ASSIST A Nl'E. should write f artlculara
to THE AUTHORS' ADVISORY BUREAU, conducted by Mr.
GORDON RICHARDS. f.,r many rears Literary ]{..-.. ler and for
soon- tune Fiction Editor of the Messrs. Ilnrmsnoith. assisted by
Mr. WILKINSON S1IEKKEN. Member Of thi Bocietj ol Cnthors.
fiction a speciality.— Address -M, Buckingham Street, West Strand,
London, W.C.
THE AUTHORS ACKXUV.- fetafafohed 1870.
Tin- interests of Authors capably represented. Agreements for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed „it!i Puldislnrs. - T.-rms and Testi-
uionials on application to Mr. A. M BI'RGHES. 34. Paternoster Row
JJ/ihTspaprr ^.gmts.
"vtews paper Properties
i-l BOUGHT, SOLI), VALUED, AND SUPPLIED WITH
EVERY REQUISITE.
The London Agency of an additional limited number of Provincial
aud Colonial Newspapers can be undertaken.
Full particulars from
THE IMPERIAL NEWS AGENCY,
2 and 4, Tudor Street, London, E.C.
NORTHERN NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE,
KENDAL, ENGLAND,
Supplies Editors with all kinds of Literary Matter, and is open to hear
from Authors concerning Manuscripts.
N
Catalogues.
E W CATALOGUES.
No. 308. CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, chiefly of
the Eighteenth Century, many in contemporary bindings— First
Editions of Works 1>.V Bacon, Churchill. Defoe, Goldsmith
Johnson, Suekling, Waller — Periodicals— Children's Boots from
17.->s, Ac.
No. 309. CATALOGUE OF SECOND-HAND
BOOKS: Archeology. Architecture, Bibliography, Cambridge.
Classics, Economies, History, Law, Science— the Library of a
Hebrew Scholar.
MACMILLAN k BOWES. Cambridge, England.
0
c
NOW READY, FREE ON APPLICATION.
ATALOGUE OF BOOKS,
Including the
LIBRARY of the late Rev. T. H. GROSE, Ac.
II, 052 Items.)
Also
ATALOGUE OF CLASSICAL BOOKS,
ENGLISH AND FOREIGN.
(1,668 Items.)
PARKER A SON. l>7. Broad Street, Oxford.
B
OOKS. — All OUT-OF-PRINT and RARE
B( 11 >KS on any subject SUPPL1 ED. The most expert feookfinder
extant. Plea.-.- state wants and ask forCATALOGUE. I make a special
feature of exchanging ans Saleable Books ft* others selected from my
various Lists. Special List of 2,000 Books I particularly „ant i<.-t free.
— EDW. BAKERS Great Bookshop, 14-1H. John Bright'Strcet, Birming-
ham. Oscar Wilde's PoemS, Sis., for 6s. fid. lonly 250 issued'.
HH. PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street, Leicester.
. issues CATALOGUES of MSS. and RARE BOOKS i>ost free-
to Book Collectors. No. 17 Includes MS. Testament from Evesham,
and other MSS. — Early Printing — (lower, Confessio Amantis. t.vvt, Ac.
LEIGHTON'S
TLLUST RATED CATALOGUE of EARLY
X PRINTED and other INTERESTING BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS,
and BINDINGS.
OFFERED FOR SALE BY
J. A J. LEIGHTON, 40, Brewer Street, Golden Square), W.
Thick Mvo, l.W* pp., 8,900 Items, with upwards of 1.350 Reproductions
in Facsimile.
Bound In art cloth, gilt toi>8, 25s. ; half-morocco, gilt tops, 30a.
Pari X. [Supplement I containing A. with 20.r> Illustration-..
Price 2s. .Iu>t issued.
CATALOGUE No. 4.").— Drawing, Knyiavin^s,
and B....ks. including an e\t.-tiM\e and tine Collection of the
l'lal. -..f Turners L1BE1; STCDIORUM and other Engravings after
Turner Hogarth's Engravings Whistlers Etchings — Worka bj
Riiskin. Ac. Post free, Blxpence.— WM. WARD. ■_>, Church Terrace,
Riehinoii.l. Surrey.
BE R T R A M D 0 B E L L,
SI'i hND II AND I KsEI.I.ER. and PUBLISHES,
77. charing Cross Road, London, W.C,
A large Stock of old and Rare Books In English Literature,
Including Poetry and the Dramft— Sbakesiienriana— First Bditionsol
ran .'il- Authors Manuscripts- Illustrated Books. Ac. CATALOGUES
free on application.
DOOt B 0 " I. BOOK
1 ' ORKA1 I Mtu.TV i.i.w pitn l-
P i l. I.I - li l I- - REM AIM 1. 1 B ITO
le-Ulng ill >
ALL BOOK* !M M\> < .iMHri'iN A" V* 111 ID
FREQUENT < ATALOODEi Wrlfa
WILLI \M OLAUBEB
Hemaln.ler sod DIkoohi BookseUi i : :.«.
DEADEB8 tnd COLLE< TORfi will find l
I l theii ...I...I.I in ■ BALDWIN ► kl'/MI
< VIA I OGUI
lion ll.«<h* in nil
rur.lijdrllie-i-
A.Dli - i
AM [ENT and MODERN I OINfi I
and Anti-|UHrl«in are Invited U »n'ly ''• SPIKB *
Limited foi Nl'MlhMATI' i I
LAR The I i.. -t Greek, H-ioan. and Eluil
■-K 4 So5. LlMITIIi. h>i«r.l» \
and < ataloguem, 10. 17. aud Is. Piccadilly, Lou-Jon. W. E.ubii»bed
upwards of a Century.
0 BO0K.BUYER8. The BOOKBUYER AND
T
READER lor .11 NE •, „f
valuable Second Hand Works and >>•-« I
reduced, ia now read] on i-i!" itlon • « H SMITH
SON. Library D.-partm.-i.t. 188, Stl n. W.C
JUST PUBLISHED, THE INTERNATIONAL
*f Book CIRCULAR, No -t of
NEW and numerous nilum.ie SECOND HAND 1 meu
WILLIAMS A NoltGATE. B<, k Iuii*,ii .:etU
Street. < ..vent Garden. W.C,
GK0
r i. i:
C R U I K S H A N K.
Dealers or Private Individuals who secured
desirable Items from the recent Truman Sale of
Cruiksliaiikiana which they wish to resell (Books,
Caricatures, Plain or Coloured, Lottery-Ruffs,
Woodcuts, Chap-Books, Original Drawings, Ac.)
arc requested to send full description of same,
with price, to
EDWIN H. WENDELL.
5(1(1 Fifth Avenue, New York, U.S.A.
TO AMERICAN GENTLEMEN, ART COL-
LECTORS.-FOR SALE, a PASTEL by TIMS. GAINS.
BOROUGH. Subject. Study of a Head. Full -size work. Priee open.
—Box 1121, Athenirum Press, 13. Bream's Buildiup-, E.C.
FOR SALE, PRIVATELY. AUTOGRAPH
LETTERS from Literary Men of Eatd Century. •
well-known Scottish Poet, flier include Letters from Sir Walter
Scott. Ruskin. John Gait, and others —Pox 1120, Athenarcm i
13, Bream s Buildings. Chancery Lane. E.C.
WANTED. OLD OAK CtJPBOARD8
II with Perforated Doors, known as Livery or Bread-and-Cheese-
Cupboards; al>o BACON CUPBOARdiS. an/ condition.
Fine OLD WELSH or YORKSHIRE DRESSEP.s. with Original
Ba.k-. also required.
Address, giving full iiiirticulsrs. to Box M, Throwers Advertising
Offices. 20, lmiverial Buildings, Ludgstr Circus. London. EC.
^aUs bg Ruction.
The Library of the latt KDWAfiD VILKS. B«). : the
Library of the late II. I RR1SOX IF. WElii. the xeUtnmm
Artist; ami th.' Libra rg of the late FREDERICK II'.
Bl'RBIDdE. /■-'-/.. M.A., and other IHtMlMtt.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON k HODGE
will SELL i-v AUCTION, at their House, H :. Wellington
Street. Strand. W.C, on WEDNESDAY. June 6, and Three Foil
Davs. at 1 o'clock precisely, HOOKS and MANUSCRIPTS, comprising
the LIBRARY of the late EDWARD VII. ES. Esq., Haver-stock H-.'.l ;
the LIBRARY of II vKRISON W. WEIR d, .-eased . the well-known
Artist sold bv order of the Executors' : the LIBRARY ol FREDE-
RICK W. ItURBIDGE. E-i-. MA. deoease.ll, < urator of Trinity
College, Dublin, Botanic Gardens, including Historical and Gen en -
logical Works— Dramatic, Biography. Poetical, and Modern C: -
Works— Anti'innrixn Treatises— TtH>ogTsrihy, Voyages and Travels-
valuable Catalogues — French Illustrated Rtx-ks — Archteol
Works— Fine Art Publications — Tracts — Old N>»s]vn
Illustrated by 11. K. Browne. Turner. Grandvillc. Aiken. Heath.
Rowland-on. Thackeray, Moreau, Cochin, Pttarin. Ma.kcnric. and
others— valuable Biniks on Natural History, Botany. Ac— Annals ,>f
SiKifting and Fancy Gaxctte— Ackermann's History of the Inn
of Camliridge — Onfrinal Drawings and Sketches of the late
Harrison W. Weir. Ac.
May be viewed an Tin s.lav. June V Satadagnea msy be had.
The raluahle Collection of Early British, Anglo-Saxon,
ami BnytM Coins formed by an Astronomer, recently
ilreeas,,!.
MESSRS. SOTHERY. WILKINSON ft HOP' ! E
will SELL bv AUCTION, at their House. No. ]-.. Wellington
Street. Strand. W.C, on MONDAY. June II. and Following Dav. the
valuable COLLECTION of EARLY BRITISH. ANGLO-SAXON, and
ENGLISH COINS formed by an ASTRONOMER, recently dec
comprising, amongst other rarities, the following Pieces worthy of
espci ial notice In the Anglo-Saxon Series Pennies ,.f cuthrt.i. Kin^-
of K.nt .T'.> : Bal.lre.l iSfn ; t>fra, Kint ; Mercjn with and without
Bust, several varieties i«2, S», SJ rnethrilh, Queen of Offa,
with Bust !>-.''; Coenwulf. with and without Bnsl . C,-ol-
wulf I., with Bust !*i loo : Bcornwnlf. with Bu-t 10] : Berhtulf.
with l'.u-t '1"2': \ethel-t.-in I of Ea-t AngUa. without liu-t
Aethelw ear, I. without Bust 1071; SI Martin of Lincoln .121 : Aetlu-1-
beard, Ardlldsliop of c.interl • hbrshori Wiilfre.1
"St^lc Vacante IISI : Ecgl>eornt. King of " essex, with Bu-t. canter-
hury Mint lan. 1-7'. Alfred the Great, with Bust and Monowram of
London IIBI ; Rdwnnl the Elder, without Bust or Mint, the rare
Floral and Ecclesiastical Types (ie, utt. int. lfl
May 1 e v tewed two .'.ays prior. Illustrated Catalogues may Ik- I ad.
N°4101, June 2, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
655
Works of A rt.
"ESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION at their House, No. ft, Wellingt
, Strand, W.C., on TUESDAY, .June 1J, anil Two Followi
Ml .
will SELL by AUCTION at their House, No. ft, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C., on TUESDAY, .lime 12, and Two Following
Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, WORKS of ART comprising English.
Continental, and Oriental Porcelain— Old English Pottery, including
a COLLECTION of LUSTRE WARE, the Property of a GENTLE-
MAN—Silver Plate, Bijouterie, Antiquities, &e.
Catalogues may be had.
May be viewed two days prior.
The Important Collection of Roman Coins formed by an
Astronomer recently deceased.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C., on WEDNESDAY, dune 1::. and Five Following
Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, the important COLLECTION of ROMAN
COINS, in Gobi. Silver, and Bronze, formed by an ASTRONOMER
recently deceased.
May be vi«wed two days prior. Illustrated Catalogues may he had.
MESS
byi
XES1
Miscellaneous Books, including a Library removed from the~
A'orth of England.
ESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
• AUCTION, at their Galleries. 47, Leicester Square. W.C., on
{ESCAY, June 6, and Following Day, at 10 minutes past
1 o'clock precisely, valuable Books, including Gould's Birds of Great
Britain, IS vols.. Coloured Plates— Naval and Martial Achievements,
Coloured Plates— Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield, First Edition, ]7<>S
— (iiay's Elegy, First Edition, 17.)1 — Works on Costume, with Coloured
Plates— Moore's Annals of Gallantry— Autograph Letter of Lord
Nelson— Chinese Drawings— Early Printed Books — Various Editions
of the Works of Shakespeare— Hutehins's History of Dorset— Speci-
mens of Binding— Dumas, Modern Artists— Selected Pictures of
Great Britain— Chamberlaine's Engravings after the Old Masters,
an«l other Fine -Art Publications— Works on Travel, Biography,
Science, Bibliography, Sic.
Catalogues on application.
Valuable Miscellaneous Books.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancery Lane, W.C., on
TUESDAY, .June V>. and Two Following Days, at 1 oVl,„ k.
VALUABLE MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, including a Complete Bet
of the Tudor Translations, on Japanese Vellum, -40 vols.— Goupil's
Historical Monographs, Large and Small Paper, 10 vols— Holliein's
Portraits of the Court of Henry VIII— Editions de Luxe of the
Writing.- of J. H. Jesse, Lady Jackson, and Edward Fitzgerald —
rssues from the Kelmscott and Vale Presses— Horace Walpole's
Letters. » vols— The Greville Memoirs. First Edition. 8 vols., anil
Biographical and Court Memoirs— Library Sets of Shakespeare,
Fielding. "Sterne, Dickens, Thackeray, Bronte, De Cjnincey, Kipling,
and others, mostly in calf or morocco bindings— Parkinson's
Thcatrum Botanicum, 1640 ; Milton's Paradise Regained, 1671 :
Shelley's The Cenci, Italv, 1819, and other First Editions ; PORTION
of the LIBRARY of an EMINENT SCIENTIST, including the Royal
Society's Transactions, from 1857 to 1905, 119 vols.— Booth's Rough
"Notes on British Birds, S vols, in parts; a SELECTION of RECENT
PUBLICATIONS iroma REVIEWER'S LIBRARY, &c.
Catalogues on application.
M
Rare and Valuable Books.
ESSRS. HODGSON fc CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms. 115, chancery Lane, W.C., on
WEDNESDAY. June 20, and Following Days, RAISE and
"VALUABLE BOOKS, including a fine Modem Library of valuable
and Standard Books in all Classes of Literature (removed from the
ivi -Folio Volumes of Engravings— and other handsome Books,
the Property of a LADY.
Catalogues are preparing.
Curiosities.
TUESDAY and WEDSESDA V, June £8 and 19,
at half-past 1 . o'clock.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER, at his
Booms. *8, King street. Covent Garden, London, W.C., a
I oNSKiNMENTof OLD CHINES!: and JAPANESE PORCELAIN
—Twenty Lots oi old Lace— Indian and Paisley Shawls— Pictures,
including one very important Work by Gavin Hamilton; the RE-
MAINING Portion of the COLLECTION of SAMPLERS formed
by the late W. W. ROBINSON, Esq. ; a small hut choice Collection
i- and Armour, Native Weapons. fcc.— Old Cut Glass and Table
«'hina— Bronzes -Idols— Ornaments from India and Borneo P«TBian
Pictures and Curios— a tine Specimen Mummy, in caae-rheautifull^
embroidered Chrnese Mandarins' Robes Japanese Sword Guards and
Ketsukes— and an immense Number of Curios.
On view day prior. Catalogues on application.
Sales of Miscellaneous Property.
MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce tliat
SALES are held EVERY VrtlDAY, at his Rooms. 38, King
•Street. Covent Garden, London, Wc. for the disposal of MH i;o
SCOPES, SLIDES, and objectives- Telescopes— Theodolites—
"Levels-- Electrical and Scientific Instruments — Cameras, Lenses, and
all kinds of Photographic Apparatus— Optical lanterns with Slides
.mil all AeoewMiM iu great variety by Best Makers — Household
Furniture— Jewellery— and other Miscellaneous Property,
On view Thursday 'J to 5 and morning of Sale
\TKSSRS. CHRISTIE, .MANSON & WOODS
J.? I. respectfully give notice thai thej will hold the following
SALES by AUCTION, at their Greal Rooms, King Street, St.
Square, the Bales commencing at l o'clock preciselj i
On I'KIDAV. June s. PORCELAIN and DK
[VE FURNITURE of G.
and from ratio
H. IiEKillAM, Esq., deceased,
I II: DAY, June !). MODERN PIC
i.S and DRAWINGS, the Pro] .1 MUM \\. a,„l
from num. •
4Jtacja$iius, &t.
TEE BUILDBti (founded \%40), I aU.erine Street,
London W ( , JUNE.', contains:—
\u English Design foi the Peace Palace at the Hague ; Th.- dare of
indent Monument*; Opening of Greenwich Generating station;
it the Royal tendeaur ill.) i Lett* f> Paris : The
Seventh IntvrnatKs ol A r' Illicit* ; Hurn \..m lutituUon ;
Cricket Pavilion, Morton College. Ox'oril ; Mathematical Data for
Architects (Student's Column); A Prom Office as above !•'. . b]
liost •)«.), ur through any NeWMfi Dt.
THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND AFTER.
JUNE.
THE PROSPECTS OF LIBERAL FINANCE. By Sir Robert
Giffen, K.C.B.
RUSSIA AND ENGLAND IN PERSIA. By Col. C. E. Yate,
C.S.I. C.M.G., late Chief Commissioner of Baluchistan.
CONSTITUTIONAL TARTARS. By Prof. A. Vambery.
LORD DURHAM AND COLONIAL SELF-GOVERNMENT. By
Miss Violet R. Markham.
THE JOYS OF SPAIN. By Austin Harrison.
SPAIN UNDER THE SARACENS. By Ameer Ali, CLE., late a
Judge of H.M. s High Court of Judicature in Bengal.
MR. GLADSTONE'S LIBRARY AT ST. DEINIOLS, HAWARDEN.
By Mrs. Drew.
POSSIBILITIES OF PEASANT OWNERSHIP IX SUSSEX. By
Wilfrid Scawen Blunt.
EURIPIDES IN LONDON. By Norman Bentwich.
ANCESTRAL MEMORY: A SUGGESTION. By the Rev. Forbes
Philliiw.
' THE LAW-MAKING MANIA.' By Sir John Macdonell, C.B. LL.D.
THE SALONS AND THE ROYAL ACADEMY. By H. Heathcote
Statham.
SOME WOMEN POETS OF THE PRESENT REIGN. By Miss
Isabel Clarke.
THE EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF ENGINEERS-CIVIL
AND NAVAL. By Sir William H. White, K.C.B., late Director
of Naval Construction.
SUNDAY SCHOOLS. By the Rev. E. H. Rycroft.
SECULAR EDUCATION IN THE INTEREST OF RELIGIOUS
TRUTH. By M. Maltman Bailie.
THE GOVERNMENT AND THE OPPOSITION. By Herbert
Paul, MP.
London : SPOTTISWOODE & CO., Ltd., 5, New Street Square.
T
HE CONTEMPORARY
REVIEW. JUNE. 2*.&t.
OUR AUXILIARY FORCES. By Lieut. -Col. Alsager Pollock.
HERBERT SPENCER AND THE MASTER KEY. By John
Butler Burke.
SCHOOLMASTERS AND THEIR MASTERS. By Lieut. -Col.
Pedder.
THE IMPERIAL CONTROL OF NATIVE RACES. By H. W. V.
Teniperley.
CHRISTMAS, EASTER, AND WHITSUNTIDE. By Alfred E.
Garvie, D.D.
THE TRUTH ABOUT THE MONASTERIES. A Reply. By
Robert Hugh Benson.
MANKIND IN THE MAKING, By Mary Higgs.
THE DECADENCE OF TRAGEDY. By Edith Searle Grossmann.
THE CLERGY AND THE CHURCH. By E. Vine Hall.
THE EXTRAVAGANCE OF THE POOR LAW. By Edward 11.
Pease.
THE SUCCESS OF THE GOVERNMENT. By H. W. Massingham
FOREIGN AFFAIRS. By Dr. E. J. Dillon.
London: HORACE MARSHALL & SON.
JUNE NUMBER NOW READY.
HARPER'S
Magazine.
MARGARET DELAND'S SERIAL,
. The Awakening of Helena Ritchie.
JUSTUS MILES FORMAN S STORY,
Blanchemains.
LAURENCE HOUSMAN'S
Tiie Lover.
THROUGH THE AFRICAN WILDER-
NESS.
By II. \V. Nevinson.
CHESTER AND THE NEIGHBOUR-
HOOD.
By W. D. Howells.
HONEY GATHERING ANTS.
By Dr. II. C. McCook, D.D. LL.D.
TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM.
By Cyrus C. Adam.s.
( 'mnjilete --'..i i. , Articles, &c.
Illustrations by Eminent Artists.
HARPER & BROTHERS,
4o, AHn'inarlc Street, Ia>u<Ioii, W.
For Continuation oi Magazines see p. 682.
S.GORER&SON
BEG TO ANNOUNCE THAT
THEY HAVE
ON VIEW
AT THEIR GALLERIES,
170, NEW BOND STREET
THE
TRAPNELL
COLLECTION
O F
OLD CHINESE
PORCELAIN.
ADMISSION ON PRESENTATION OF
VISITING CARD ONLY.
OPEN DAILY 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.
SATURDAY 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
S.GORERiSON
170, NEW BOND STREET
LONDON, W.
<;.",( ;
T II E AT II KX.KCM
N L101, J\ m 2, 1^06
LOVELL REEVE & C O.'S
NEW AND STANDARD WORKS.
PARI W III, JIM WITH I COLOURED PLAT] i, St. M.
THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. Hand-Ooloured Figuree with
i>. . Motions Structural and Historical, oi New and Rare Plant*, Huitable foi the
, , mi Conservatory. Edited by Sir w.M. THISELTON-DYEB,
K.C.M.O. F.R.8., 4< , late Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ken. \'ol. I.
(NEW SEBI1 S) . ;■ . net Monthly, with o Band-Coloured dates, ;;.. 84. Annual
subscription, 12* net.
THE USES OF BRITISH PLANTS, traced from Antiquity
to tin- Present Day, together with the Derivation of their Namea By the Rev.
0. BEN8LOW, M. A. F.L.8., &c 888 Illustrations, ti.6d.net
NEW EDITION, Ul.VIslJ) AM) MM II enlarged.
FLORA OF HAMPSHIRE, including the Isle of Wight.
A Li>t «>f tin- Flowering Plants and Perm found in the County of Southampton, with
i Jitiea ol the leae common Speciea By i-'. TOWNSEND, M.A. F.L.s. New
Edition. With Enlarged Coloured Map mounted on linen, and 2 Plates, 1 Coloured,
21a net.
THE HEPATICjE OF THE BRITISH ISLES : Figures and
Descriptions of all known British Spedea By W. II. PEABSON. '2 vols. 228 Plates,
Si. Bt. net plain ; 7/. 10a net eoloured.
HANDBOOK OF THE BRITISH FLORA. By G. Bentham,
F.R.s. Revised by sir. J. D. HOOK F.R, C.B. F\R.S. Eighth Edition. 9s. net.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BRITISH FLORA. Drawn by
W. II. FITCH, F.L.S., and W. G. SMITH, F.L.S. 1,315 Wood Engravings. Sixth
Edition. 9a net.
VOL. IV. SECTION II- PART III. (NEARLY READY).
FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA. By D. Oliver, F.R.S.
Vols. I. to III., 20s. each net. The CONTINUATION. Edited by Sir W. T. THISEL-
TOX-DYKR, F.R.S. Vol. IV. SECTION I., 30s. net. Vol. IV. Section II. Parts I. and
II., 8*. net. Vol. V., 25s. 6<f. net. Vol. VIL, 27s. Oil. net. Vol. VIII., 25s. Qd. net.
Published under the authority of the Secretary of State for the Colonies.
VOL. IV. SECTION I. PART II., Gs. <kf. net.
FLORA CAPENSIS : a Systematic Description of the Plants
of the Cape Colonv, Carrraria, and Port Natal. Vols. I. to III., by W. H. HARVEY
and O. W. SONDEB, 20a each net. The CONTINUATION. Edited by Sir W. T.
THISELTON-DYER, F.R.S. Vol. IV. Section II., 24s. net. Vol. V. Part I., 9s. net.
Vol. VI., 24s. net. Vol. VIL, 33s. net. Vol. IV. Section I. Part I., 8s. net. Pub-
lished under the authority of the Government of the Cape of Good Hope and Natal.
FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA. By Sir J. D. Hooker, C.B-
C. C.S.I. F.R.S. &c, assisted by various Botanists. 7 vols. 121. net.
HANDBOOK OF THE NEW ZEALAND FLORA: a Syste
matte Description of the Native Plants of New Zealand, and the Chatham, Kermadec's,
Lord Auckland's, Campbell's, and Macquarrie's Islands. By Sir J. D. HOOKER,
(J. C.S.I. F.R.S. 42s. net.
FLORA AUSTRALIENSIS: a Description of the Plants of
the Australian Territory. By GEORGE BENTHAM, F.R.S., assisted by FERDI-
NAND MUELLER, F.R.S. 7 vols. 11. it.
FLORA OF THE BRITISH WEST INDIAN ISLANDS. By
Dr. GRISEBACH, F.L.S. 1 vol. 42s. net.
FLORA OF WEST YORKSHIRE : with an Account of the
Climatology and Lithology in connexion therewith. By FREDERIC ARNOLD
LEES, M.BC.S.Eng. L.R.C.P.Lond. 8vo, with Coloured Map, 21s. net
THE NARCISSUS: its History and Culture. By F. W.
BUBBTJDGE, F.L.S. With a Scientific Review of the entire Genus by J. G. BAKER,
F.R.S. F.L.S. With 4S beautifully Coloured Plates. 30s. net.
BRITISH FERNS. By M. Plues. 16 Coloured Plates and
Woodcuts. 9s. net.
BRITISH GRASSES. By M. Plues. 16 Coloured Plates and
W Icnta 9*. net,
HANDBOOK OF BRITISH MOSSES. By the Rev. M. J.
BERKELEY, M.A. F.L.S. Second Edition. 24 Coloured Plates. 21s.net
SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES. By C. P. Hobkirk, F.L.S.
Revised Edition, lis. (V. net,
BRITISH FUNG0L0GY. By the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, M.A.
P.L.8. With a Supplement of nearly 400 pp. by WOR THINOTON G. SMITH,
F.L.S., bringing the Work down to the present state of Science. 2 vols. 24 Coloured
Plates, 86s. net. The Supplement separately, 12s. net
BRITISH FUNGI, PHYCOMYCETES, AND USTILAGINEJE.
By GEORGE MASSEE. 8 Plates. Ba Bd. net.
Sol. x., IS.Oelosjtad Plates, 03*. net
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS. Bj
CHARLES '• BABBETT, I i i. j.,
with 40 Coloured PI Pola II. to IX., each, with as < Plate*, 8tU
LABELLING LIST OF THE BRITISH MACR0-
LEPIDOPTERA, • arranged
CHARLES <;. BABB1 IT, I I 3
in ' Lepidopl
la i-i. use,
i!i [ssaads
Bj
Complete in i vol. 4u», with 2 Structural and 80 CoUmni I'hn-, sloth, gOt to)
MONOGRAPH OF THE MEMBRACID/E. By Obobor Bowdlbb
BTJCKTON, P.B 9. I .1*8. IKS., to which is added a Paper entitled 'Sugge -■
as to the Meaning of the Shapes and Colours of the Metnbnu-ida- in the Strug*
Existence,' by EDWARD B. POULTON, D.Sc. M.A Hon. LED. (Princetoi
Ac., Hope Professor of Zoology in the University of OxfonL
Part LX XIV,
LEPIDOPTERA INDICA.
to VL, each with 00 Coloured Plates, 9f. 5*. cloth ; W. LSa tialf-morocco.
ith 8 Coloured Plates, )
By F. Moore, F.Z.S. FES.
Vol-. I.
THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. By F. Moore, F.Z S.
3 vols, medium 4to, 215 Coloured Plates, cloth, gilt tops, OL 12*. net. Published
under the auspices of the Government of Ceylon.
THE LARY.E OF THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA AND
THEIR FOOD PLANTS. By OWEN s. WILSON. With Life-sized Figures Drawn
and Coloured from Nature by ELEANOBA WILSON. 40 Coloured Plates, 88a neU
THE HYMENOPTERA ACULEATA OF THE BRITISH
ISLANDS. By EDWABD SAUNDERS, F.L.S. Complete, with 3 Plates, Hi*. ;
Large-Paper Edition, with 51 Coloured Plates, 08a net
THE HEMIPTERA HETER0PTERA OF THE BRITISH
ISLANDS. By EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.L.S. Complete, with a Structural Plate,
14s. Large Edition, with 31 Coloured Plates, 48s. net.
THE HEMIPTERA HOMOPTERA OF THE BRITISH
ISLANDS. By JAMES EDWARDS, F.E.S. Complete, with 2 Structural Plates,
12*. Large Edition, with 28 Coloured PLttes, 43*. net.
THE C0LE0PTERA OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS. By the
Rev. Canon FOWLER, M.A. F.L.S. Complete in 5 vols, with 2 Structural Plates, 4t
Large Edition, with ISO Coloured Plates, HI. net
A CATALOGUE OF THE BRITISH C0LE0PTERA. By D.
SHARPE, M.A. F.R.S., and W. W. FOWLER, M.A. la 6d. ; or printed on one side
for Labels, 2a Gtf. net.
THE BUTTERFLIES OF EUROPE. Described and Figured by
H. C. LANG, M.D. F.L.S. With S2 Coloured Plates, containing upwards of 900
Figures. 2 vols. 31. 18s. net
BRITISH INSECTS. By E. F. Staveley.
and Woodcuts. 12s. net.
16 Coloured Plates
BRITISH BEETLES. By E. C. Rye. New Edition. Revised
by the Rev. Canon FOWLER, M.A. F.L.S. 10 Coloured Plates and Woodcuts.
9s. net.
BRITISH BEES. By W. E. Shuckard. 16 Coloured Plates and
Woodcuts. 9s. net.
BRITISH BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. By H. T. Staixto.w
Second Edition. 10 Coloured Plates and Woodcuts. 9s. net.
BRITISH SPIDERS.
and Woodcuts. 9a net.
By E. F. Staveley. 16 Coloured Plates
FOREIGN FINCHES IN CAPTIYITY. By Arthur D. Butler,
Ph.D. F.L.S. F.Z.S. F.E.S. With GO Plates beautifully Coloured bv Band Boyal
4to, cloth, 4?. 14s. Off. net.
BRITISH ZOOPHYTES.
9a net
By A. S. Pennington, F.L.S. 24 Plates.
ELEMENTS OF C0NCH0L0GY : an Introduction to the
Natural History of Shells and of the Animals which Form them
REEVE, F.L.S.' 2 vols. 62 Coloured Plates, 21. 16a net.
By LOVELL
C0NCH0L0GIA IC0NICA ; or, Figures and Descriptions of
the Shells of Mollusks. with Remarks on their Affinities, Svnonomv. and I
graphical Distribution. Bv LOVELL REEVE, F.L.S., and G. B. SOWEBBY, 1 1. -
Complete in 20 Tola Ho, with 2,727 Coloured Plates, half-calf. 178/. net
\ Detailed List of Monographs and Volumes may l>e had.
LOVELL REEVE & CO., Limited, Publishers to the Home, Colonial, and Indian Governments,
0, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
N°4101, June 2, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
657
MR. MURRAY'S NEW BOOKS.
NOW READY.
THE DUKE OF ARGYLL,
1823-1900. COMPRISING HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHY DOWN TO 1857, AND HIS LIFE FROM THAT DATE ONWARDS,
BASED ON HIS CORRESPONDENCE AND DIARIES.
Edited by the DOWAGER DUCHESS OF ARGYLL.
With Portraits and other Illustrations. 2 vols, medium 8vo, 36s. net.
Elizabeth Montagu.
The Queen of the Blue Stockings.
Her Correspondence from 1720 to 1761.
By her Great-Great-Niece, EMILY J.
CLIMENSON.
With Illustrations, 2 vols, demy 8vo, 36s. net.
" So admirably has Mrs. Climenson arranged
the correspondence that it reads like a biography.
And it is a biography of a fascinating order, show-
ing from within the familiar life of the most bril-
liant circles of the most brilliant social period of
English history." — Daily Neios.
Jottings of an Old
Solicitor.
By Sir JOHN HOLLAMS.
Square demy 8vo, 8s. net.
" Sir John Hollams is a charming personality ;
he is as modest as he has been successful, and his
book is full of ripe reminiscences and racy anec-
dotes."— Vanity Fair.
Monographs.
Side-Lights on the Home
Rule Movement.
By Sir ROBERT ANDERSON.
Demy 8vo, 9s. net.
" Once taken up, it cannot be laid down The
' Sidelights ' are at once a fascinating story and a
most valuable contribution to history." — Globe.
Researches in Sinai.
By Prof. W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE,
D.C.L. LL.D. F.R.S.,
Edwards Professor of Egyptology, University
College, London.
With Chapters by C. T. CURELLY, M.A., Officer
of the Imperial Order of the Medjidie. With 186
Illustrations and 4 Maps. Demy 8vo, 21s. net.
Biographical Sketches of Garrick, Macready,
Rachel, and Baron Stockmar.
By Sir THEODORE MARTIN, K.C..B.
With Portraits. Demy 8vo, 12s. net.
"Sir Theodore Martin writes with a charm and
point and urbanity which is only given to the
great and older men of letters. There are some
things that only long life and vast experience can
give, and these the author has in a degree which
must delight every one who has the good fortune
to read this book." — Daily Neivs.
The Dead Heart of
Australia.
A Journey around Lake Eyre in the Summer of
1901-2.
By J. W. GREGORY, F.R.S. D.Sc,
Author of ' The Great Rift Valley.'
With Maps and Illustrations. Medium 8vo, 16s. net.
The Legend of Fair
Helen.
As Told by Homer, Goethe, and others.
By EUGENE OSWALD, M.A. Ph.D.,
Secretary to the English Goethe Society.
Large crown 8vo, 10s. (kl.
"A storehouse of legends and tales on the Helen
legend, and in its treatment of the heroine is
astonishingly successful, and affords beautiful
reading." — Pall Mall Gazette.
The Spoils of Victory.
A New Novel by B. PAUL NEUMAN,
Author of ' The Greatness of Josiah Porlick.
Crown 8vo, 6s.
A Benedick in Arcady.
HALLIWELL SUTCLIFFE'S NEW NOVEL.
6s.
" It is delightful to find Mr. Halliwell Sutcliffe
back amid such idyllic surroundings We lay
down the book with the hope that we may be
invited to share the sweet secrets and the healthy
life of Arcady again." — Times.
British Canals:
Is their Resuscitation Practicable?
By EDWIN A. PRATT,
Author of ' The Transition in Agriculture,'
'The Organization of Agriculture,' ' Railways and
their Rates,' &c.
With 10 Half-Tone Illustrations, Diagrams, and
2 Maps. Large crown 8vo, 2s. (kl. net.
NEW VOLUME IN " THE WISDOM OF
THE EAST" SEBIES.
Musings of a Chinese
Mystic.
Selections from the Philosophy of Chuang Tza.
With an Introduction by LIONEL GILES, M.A.
(Oxon.), Assistant at the British Museum.
Pott 16mo, 2s. net.
Geology.
By THOMAS C. CHAMBERLIN and
ROLLIN D. SALISBURY,
Heads of the Departments of Geology and
Geography, University of Chicago ; Members of
U.S. Geological Survey.
Nos. II. and III. profusely Illustrated.
Demy 8vo, U. Is. net each.
THE MONTHLY REVIEW.
Edited by CHARLES II ANBURY- WILLIAMS. JUNE. 2s. (kl. net.
IBSEN \S I KNEW HIM. William Archer.
WHAT ENGLISH LANDLORDS MIGHT DO. Algernon Tumor.
THE EVOLUTION OF AN ACT OF PARLIAMENT. Michael Mao-
Donagh.
THE DOMINION OF PALM AND PINE (NOTES ON EAST AFRICA).
Moreton Frewen.
THE GAMING OF MONTE-CARLO. F. Carrell.
THE SURVIVAL OF THE OTTER. J. C. Tregarthen.
"ANOTHER WAY OF (MOUNTAIN) LOVE." F. W. Bourdillon.
THREE GARDENS AND A GARRET. A. M. Curtis.
( 1 1 A RACTER IN LETTER.-.WR ITI X( J. Basil To*er.
THE LONELY LADY OF GROSVENOR SQUARE (Chaps. I.— III).
Mrs. Henry do la Pasture.
JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street, W.
H.">8
TIIK ATlIKNiiUM
X 4 1 '» i , J, s, 2 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NKW BOOK8.
IM0 IStSl I Willi CONSIDERABLE ILTERATION8
\\i> U>DJ I IONS, .now Ki. \l>\.
THE
STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK.
: HiM"i leal Annual of the State* nf the
World, foi the Yi Edited by J. SCOTT KELTIE,
1.1. U. Willi Maps. Cr.wu M.i, Ute. u/. iit-t.
LIFE & EXPERIENCES OF
SIR HENRY ENFIELD
R0SC0E, D.C.L. LL.D. F.R.S.
Written bj Himself. With Photogravure Portrait*; and
olhei Illustrations, v\o, Lit net.
ENGLISH MEN OF LETTERS.— New VgL
WALTER PATER,
Bj V. C. BENSON. Crowu svo, gf net.
HENRY SIDGWICK: a Memoir.
I'.v A. S. and K. M. S. With Portraits. 8vo, 12s. 6d. net.
~ A HISTORY OF
ENGLISH PROSODY
From the Twelfth Century to the Present Day.
By GEORGE SAIXTSIUKY, M.A. Hon.LL.P., Professor
of Rhetoric and English Literature in tlie University of
Kdiuhmgh. 8 vols. svo.
Vol. I. FROM Til V. ORIGINS TO SPKNSKR. lo*. net.
ATllES.llCM. — " We await the second and third
volumes of this admirable undertaking with impatien.ee.
To ~. 1 1 »i • reading it at the end of the first volume leaves one
in just such a state of suspense a.s if it had been a novel of
a Iventure, and not the story of the adventures of prosody."
VOL. 111. NOW READY.
POCKET TENNYSON.
In 5 vols. feap. 8vo, limp cloth, is. net; limp leather, 3*.
net each.
Vol. III. BALLADS AND OTHKR POEMS.
E VERS LEY SERIES.— Hew Vol.
EIGHT DRAMAS OF
CALDERON.
lr.ely Translated by EDWARD FITZGERALD. Globe
8vo, 4*. net.
NEW BOOK BY GOLDWIN SMITH.
IN QUEST OF LIGHT.
Crown Svo, 4*. net.
A HANDBOOK OF
BRITISH INLAND BIRDS.
Bv ANTHONY COLLKTT. With Coloured and Outline
Mates of Eggs by KRIC PARKER. Crown 8vo, 6*.
MORNING I'OST. — " An excellent work for those who
<lo not want science, but desire salient information about
the birds around theni a.s living things."
WITH COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS.
ELIZABETH AND HER
GERMAN GARDEN.
With Coloured Illustrations by S. HARMON VEDDER.
Kxtra crowu Svo, 7*. Od. net.
THE WRONG ENVELOPE,
And other Stories.
By MRS. MOLES WORTH.
Crown 8vo, 80,
NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OJT THE VIRGINIAN.'
LADY BALTIMORE.
By OWEN WISTER. Illustrated. Crowu 8vo, 6X
PALL MALL GAZETTE.— "Mr. Wilier shows himself
in this book the master of a inorf subtlf power of delinea-
tion and a more purely literary charm than anything in his
previous work had suggested.
A COMPENDIUM OF
SPHERICAL ASTRONOMY.
With its Applications to the Determination and Reduction
of Positions of the Fixed Stars. By SIMON NEWCOMB.
Svo, 12s. (id net.
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd., Louden.
HURST & BLACKETT'8
NEWAND P0PULARN0VELS
j:acii in i vol. ««.
THE GRIP OF FEAR.
Bj >yi>\'KY II. BUBGHKLL,
Author of 'The .Mistress of the KobcH,' &c.
THE SWEETEST SOLACE.
By JOHN RAX DA I.,
Author of ' l'acitico,' ' Auut BetUiu's Button/ $f.
THE PREY OF THE
STRONGEST.
By MORLKY KOBKKTS,
Author of ' Rachel Marr,1 &c.
A YOUNG MAN FROM THE
COUNTRY.
By MADAME ALBANKSI,
Autlior of 'The Brown Eyes of Mary,' &c.
JIMMY QUIXOTE.
By TOM GALLON,
Autlior of 'Tatterley,' &c.
THE FLOWER OF FRANCE.
By JUSTIN HUNTLY McCARTHY,
Author of ' If I Were King,' &c.
THE BLACK CUIRASSIER.
By PHILIP STEVENSON,
Auth jr of ' A Gendarme of the King,' &c
THE TRIUMPHSOF EUGENE
VALMONT.
By ROBERT BARR,
Author of ' A Prinea of Good Fellows,' ' The
Mutable Many, &c.
UNDER THE ARCH OF LIFE.
By LADY HENRY SOMERSET.
[Second Edition.
THE WHITE HAND.
By CARL JOUBERT,
Author of ' Russia as It Really Is.'
THE DRAKESTONE.
By OLIVER ONIONS.
Author of ' The Conipleat Bachelor,' &c.
[Second Edition.
IN SILENCE.
By Mrs. FRED REYNOLDS,
Author of ' The Man with the Wooden Face,' &c.
[Second Edition.
NEW EDITIONS AT SIXPENCE.
DORRIEN OF CRANSTON. By
BERTRAM M1TFORD.
MARIAN SAX. By Madame Albanesi.
DAVID ELGINBROD. By Dr. George
MAC DONALD.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
l&t, High Holborn, W.C.
IMPORTANT NOTICE.
MESBR8. METHUSN i pub-
lished B N by die Ant hoi - d 'The Light-
ningCu ductor,' and the demand I hat
l • and S.-'-oikI Edition* W( ted
before publication, and ■ THIRD EDITION IS
IN I UK TRESS. The I. oh ii LADY BETTY
ACROflB THE WATER. < V. tad
A. M. Wnii-.'T.s, Authoni ol 'The Lightning
Conductor,' ' 'I he Pi hmi - Paeaea,1 and ' My Friend]
the Chauffeur.'
THE PAGEANT OF LONDON. By Bu h \ma
l»V\ K\ With 40 Ulustratiotu in Colour bj JOHM
PULLBYLOVK, RJL In i vol- demy 8ro, l.v Mb
Vol i. To A.n. una i v.,i. ii. k.o. uso
Thin is a hook in which the author has condensed, in a
light and readable ut deal of curious informa-
tion concerning the various place* of historical Interest in
the Metropolis which are litlle known U) the average
visitor or reader.
THE MAKERS OF JAPAN. By J. Ham
With mauv Portrait-, and Illustrations. Den
12». Od. net.
This book, D* a series of biographies of the great states-
men and warriors of the last forty yean,. di ri-e
of Japan to its present commanding position. lueDookli
full of value, and the liU»graplik.il lnellioo .u in-
terest which a set history could not possess. The author
was for many years in Japan, aud i^ on terms of iutimaey
with many prominent leaders of the country.
" The author is better fitted th in most people to speak
of things .iapaiu-.se. The rohuao is foil of iutereaU"
DaiLy Sew*.
ON THE SPANISH MAIN. By John Mam-
FIKLD. With many Illustrations. Deuiy hvo, 10& (id.
net.
"Mr. MasemM writes with knowledge and enthusiasm,
with humour and distinction of at;
ifameeeftsf Guardian.
TBE LAND OF PARDONS. By Akatou u
llUAZ. Translated by FfUKCKS M. OO^TUKG.
With ">0 Illustiatioiis, of »luch 10 are in t'vlour. l»tuiy
8vo, Tx. 6a. net.
In this book the ^reat Breton w riter has <U-scribed the
five obligatory festival- of hw country, and in so doing lias
shown us Brittany, not the Brittany hitherto known to the
foreigner, but the true Breton Briiumy. with ita colour, its
life, its quaint customs, legends, beliefs, all mingled with
the superstitions that linger so persistently in the Breton
mind. In fact 'The Land of Pardons' j- not a mere book
about Brittany, for it i> Brittany, painted as only a Breton
could paint it.
LHASA AND ITS MYSTERIES: with a
Record of the Expedition of 1903-4. B>- L. AUSTIN E
WAT5DELL, Ll.n. c.B. CLE. F.L.S. F.A.I.. Lieut-
Colonel Indian Medical Service. Author of ' The Bud-
dhism of Tibet,' ' Among the Himalayas.' Ac. With '200
Illustrations and Maps. New and Revised Kdition.
Medium 8vo, 7s. 6<7. net.
THE COMPLETE CRICKETER. By Albert
E. KNIGHT.
is. (hi. net.
With many Illustrations, demy Svo,
THE CITIES OF SPAIN. By Edward
HUTTON. With many Illustrations, 14 of w hich are in
Colour by A. W. RIMINCTON. Demy svo. TV. Cxi. net.
Here is an attempt to present to the modern reader a
vivid picture of Spain as it is ami as it was. Mr. Hutton
has made a pilgrimage of the country, and he has
endeavoured by living among the people, and by immersing
himself in the history and truditiousof this, most fascinating
land, to gather vivid and sympathetic impressions. Fioui
the Pyrenees to Gibraltar the citiesand the country districts
are fully described, and separate chapters are devoted to
the great towns, while the splendid remains of Moorish
civilization, the fireat cathedrals aud the treasures in the
galleries, receive a detailed attention. But above aH it has
been Mr. Hutton's endeavour to paint the life pf the people
with a true and sympathetic brush.
THE MAKING OF AN ORATOR. By J.
O'CONNOH POWER. Crown 8vo. St. net.
The object of this book is to indicate ill popular huuniage
a course of practice iu oratory based on thewiiter's obser-
vations and experience iu the House of Commons, at the
Bar. and on the Platform. It is intended for the use of
students, young or obi. who have had no practice in public
speaking, and for shakers who are not unwilling to consider
suggestMM luadv by another.
THE ROYAL SOCIETY; or, Beionoe in the
State, in the School, in the Work-hop. and in the
Market Place: being Selections from the Presidential
Addresses (1900- 190M of Sir WILLIAM HUGGINS,
K.C.B. O.M. D.C.L F.R.S. With numerous Illus-
tration-, royal 8vo. 1* Od. net-
The four riesidenli.il Addrc-ise-s tre;il of subjects of great
and general interest, namely, what science, as represented
bv the Koyal S(vii-ty, liaji done in the past, and is doiue
now, for the nation ; and the place and importance of
science in education.
ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. By Bmnem
CLINOH. Illustrated by BKATKICK. AI.COCK and
from Photographs, small pott svo. St, »<'. net ; leather,
^i. tki. neU [The Little Uuidt*.
Messrs. M ETIIt'EyS New Illustrated Anmammemmmt List
and Qiiartt-rbj Bulletin are sent free to any Address.
MKTHUKN & CO. 36, Essex Street, Strand, W.C.
N°4101, June 2, 1906
THE ATHEN^tfM
659
3=
SATURDAY, JUNE 2, 1906.
CONTENTS
PAGE
659
660
661
A Life of Walter Pater
Industrial Efficiency
Wary of Modena
New Novels (The Ferry of Fate ; The Black
Cuirassier ; Cecilia's Lovers ; A Young Man from
the Country ; The Wood End ; Henry Northeote ;
By Wit of Woman ; Lady Marion and the Pluto-
crat ; Murray of the Scots Greys ; Jorijou con-
jugal) 661—662
Verses and Translations 663
Bibliography 665
Hebrew Scholarship 666
Short Stories 666
Our Library Table (Fenwick's Career; The King's
English ; The Naval Annual ; Gaelic Names of
Beasts, &c. ; Jungle Trails and Jungle People ;
Trial of Madeleine Smith ; Camden on Snrrey and
Sussex; Kenan's Life of Christ; "Punch Library
of Humour ") 667—670
List of New books 670
•The Open ROad'; Bret Harte and San Fran-
cisco; 'The Highlands and Islands of Scot-
land'; The Asloan MS.; Two National
Trusts ; Sale 671—672
Literary Gossip 672
Science— The Royal Observatory, Greenwich ;
Societies ; Meetings Next Week ; Gossip 673—675
Fine Arts— Flemish pictures at the Guildhall ;
Arcileo logical Notes ; The T. H. Woods and
other Sales ; Gossip 675—678
Music — Schumann Festival at Bonn; Gossip;
Performances Next Week 678—679
Drama— Colonel Newcome ; The Lion and the
Mouse; The Whirlwind; Hazlitt's 'View of
the English Stage'; Gossip .. .. 679—680
Index to Advertisers 680
LITERATURE
Walter Pater. By A. C. Benson. "English
Men of Letters." (Macmillan & Co.)
The life of Pater could not have fallen
into safer, kindlier, or more sympathetic
keeping than that of Mr. Arthur Benson ;
and a series of biographies which maintains
a high level is to be congratulated on a
volume really excellent of its kind. It is
not that the last word is said here about
Pater — that a complete evocation has
brought up body and soul before us, in an
image more absolute than life ; the book
is not so much a creation as an analytic
interpretation. As such it is almost
throughout admirable. No comparable
notion of Pater can be got from any of
the books or essays yet published about
him ; though Mr. Gosse's paper in
' Critical Kit-kats ' has great personal
interest, and the little book of Mr. Ferris
Greenslet has some good criticism. Mr.
Benson's criticism is in the main just and
sensitive, and his treatment of Pater as a
man is commendably free from the mere
contemporary gossip which is so easy to
collect, and so difficult to use in any valu-
able way. We miss, it is true, the per-
sonal note of one who had really known
kite man about whom he is writing:
intimate acquaintance certainly counts
for more in a biographer than almost the
greatest mental sympathy or acuteness.
The Pater who is seen in this book is a
portrait very closely copied from existing
sketches and recollections ; it is not, it
could not have been, a direct and wholly
vital portrait from life. But, so far as
actual detail is concerned, Pater's life
was so uneventful that nothing further,
of any real importance, is left for any
future biographer, and Mr. Benson's
book is good enough to be, as a biography,
final. Trivial detail was what Pater most
disliked, in life and in art ; and he would
not easily have forgiven any accumulation
of the unimportant facts of his life, the
passing opinions which he expressed, or
the mostly hurried and businesslike letters
which he wrote, more from necessity
than from choice. There are writers,
not so wholly unlike him in certain ways
as Charles Lamb, in whom some incal-
culable spirit or instinct gave an undying
significance to their idlest words or actions.
It adds to our knowledge of Lamb, it adds
to our love of him, to be let into every
indiscretion, levity, or folly of his un-
paralleled existence as a tragic comedian.
His letters should all be read, not only in
full, but also in facsimile ; for the hand-
writing is a part of the style, and lets the
life through as the pious oaths do also,
and the lies deeper than truth. But Pater
literally suffered from the oppression and
monotony of detail ; he dismissed outward
details as quickly from his mind as he
could, and they meant hardly anything
to him at any time. His desire to be
present always at the focus where the
greatest number of vital forces unite in
their purest energy " left him little time,
" on this short day of frost and sun," to
be concerned with unessential things, or
things unessential to him. He disre-
garded in his life much of what makes
up a great part of life to others, and must
be sought, where he really lived, in his
ideas and sensations.
Not the least valuable of Mr. Benson's
pages are those, near the end of his book,
in which he discriminates between the
doctrines and practice of art in Pater and
in some of those who have specially
honoured him, and, in a certain sense,
endeavoured to be his followers. No one
admired Pater more than Oscar Wilde,
or learnt more from him, or understood
him less. Writers like Vernon Lee have
taken direction from him, but with little
of his tact or instinct. It is difficult not
to see traces of his influence in D'Arinunzio.
Much vague and feverish writing owes its
origin to him — precisely the kind of writing
which he himself most disliked. For all
this he was in no sense responsible ; the
knowledge of it, borne in upon him from
time to time, distressed him ; and it was
this certainty of having been misunder-
stood that led him to suppress for many
years, and only to re-establish with some
changes, the most fundamental statement
which he ever made of his conception of
life and art. It was certainly the same
reason which caused the omission of the
vivid and subtle essay on '/'Esthetic Poetry'
in the second edition of ' Appreciations ' ;
he told the present writer, who had re-
proached him for the insertion of a trivial
review in place of it, that some people
had not liked it, and that he had loft it
out to please them. He did not pretend
to agree with them ; lie did not defend
his amiable weakness in deferring to their
prejudices ; he might have answered, in
the words in which he sums up the altitude
of Raphael : " I am utterly purposed that
I will not offend." And even now— even
In a book so generally appreciative as
this of Mr. Benson's — there are evidences
of a failure to realize the deepest qualities
of Pater's mind and art ; in a criticism,
for instance, of perhaps his greatest
and most perfectly balanced work, the
' Imaginary Portraits,' as showing a " ten-
dency to dwell on what is diseased and
abnormal," as having " something of the
macabre, the decadent element."
For the most part Mr. Benson is willing
to accept, for its own sake, what even to
him is not immediately attractive in Pater ;
and no saner judgment has ever been
passed on the qualities and defects of
' Marius the Epicurean,' or the ' Greek
Studies,' or the book on Plato. He realizes
the extent to which Pater's criticism was
creative, and the degree in which his
creative work was apt to remain critical,
yet did not fail to be, in its own way,
satisfactory. ' Marius,' of course, is not
really a story, nor is it a series of essays.
As Mr. Benson says : —
" But the fact is that most of the objec-
tions that can be urged against ' Marius '
are prima facie objections ; it is criticized
mostly for not possessing qualities that it
was not meant to have ; it stands as one of
the great works of ait of which it may be
said that the execution conies very near to
the intention."
Mr. Benson does full justice to those
qualities in Pater's criticism which are
least on the surface : to the basis of
thought, knowledge, and deep feeling on
which structures at first sight so merely
ornamental are built. He refers with
great felicity to the two essays in which
Pater is perhaps most really vital in his
criticism : the essays on Lamb and on
Wordsworth, neither of which is for the
most part liked or understood by the
special admirers of Lamb or of Words-
worth, just because it gets so close to
what is most intimate, perhaps least
clearly expressed, in both writers. The
account of the essays on Greek subjects
condenses much difficult material into a
small place clearly ; and the general view
of Pater as a critic of art is certainly just,
though, in the legitimate criticism of
Pater's imperfect presentment of the whole
problem of Giorgione, that still unsettled
problem is hardly presented with any
nearer approach to probable accuracy.
What is curious in Pater's criticism —
not only of painting, in which he claimed
no sort of technical knowledge, but in
poetry also, with which he had so deep
and revealing a sympathy — is that he
was so often wrong in detail, and never in
malters of general principle or essential
feeling. His selections from the poetry
of ( 'oleridge and of Rossetti for Mr. Ward's
' English Poets ' contain equally singular
inclusions and omissions; they might bo
taken for the work of one who understood
neither Coleridge nor Rossetti if the
accompanying essays did not show a
direct insight into the subtlest qualities
of both. Something of the same inability
to see accurately in detail is to be found
in the greatest of all critics. Coleridge
himself, who is invariably set right by
1.1,1'
THE ATHKNilUM
NM101, Jim 2, 1906
Lamb on ill points requiring immediate
deoision.
Mi. Benson has many good p
different parte of bis book, on Pater's
style, and on the development which
(l,';,t Btyle underwent — with a definite
i, ognition everywhere that style, with
Pater, was nevei a thing to be oonceived
of apart from substance, and a definite
realization <>f that "something holy, even
priestlv. about Pater's attitude to art."
.Mi. Benson sees also that it is the human
quality, the lovingness of his dream-
about life, to which Pater's work owes,
after all. its deepest appeal. Love of
beauty makes some men inhuman ; in
Pater love of beauty was entwined with
memory, and with a sense of the fragility
of beautiful things and of those who loved
them. He put all his heart into a ehapter
of ' Marius ' called " Sunt lacrimal rerum";
and in all that he says of children and of
animals— the only quite innocent beings
who suffer— there is a pathos which
becomes beautiful out of mere pity.
One of the best pages in Mr. Benson's
book is a page on Pater's love of cats,
and on the qualities of those arrogant
and exquisite Epicureans, whom man
has never been able to conventionalize.
It is a page which reminds us of some of
the most subtle work which Mr. Benson
has himself done, in his poems on animals,
in which a project of Charles Lamb's
.seems to be realized.
A good deal is said by Mr. Benson of
Pater's irony, and he is right in looking
at it as to some extent a mask ; but it is
not so certain that what seemed to many
people, in his paradoxes, " purely per-
verse," as Mr. Benson takes it to be, did
not really contain more than a " germ of
critical seriousness." A phrase on George
Eliot, which he quotes as if it were de-
liberate nonsense, has a certain undoubted
truth under it, if not exactly in it ; and
so had another phrase which we remember
hearing Pater use of Pierre Loti, at a
time when that writer's showily senti-
mental brilliance had many extravagant
admirers, here as in France. " Isn't he
rather like Charlotte M. Yonge ? " he
asked, with an apparently outrageous
irony in which there was the sting of a
perfectly definite and well-aimed criticism.
Pater's humour is admirably defined
by Mr. Benson as
" the same kind of humour that one may
sometimes discern in the glance of a sym-
pathetic friend when some mirth-provoking
incident occurs at a solemn ceremony at
which it is essential to preserve a dignity of
deportment. At such moments a look of
-ili nt and rapturous appreciation may pass
between two kindred spirits ; such, in its
fineness and secrecy, is the humour of Pater's
writings, and presupposes a sympathetic
understanding between writer and reader."
For all due appreciation of Pater some
such sympathetic understanding is, indeed,
required ; and, so far as any outward force
is likely to induce it this book of Mr.
Benson's is admirably suited to that
iod purpose. Put it is not to be expected
that Pater will ever become a really
popular writer, a writer n\' ready access ;
there is, in the beauty of bis work, too
much " strangenet • in ii • propoi tion
What this book— the \ery fact of its app< -ai -
anoe in a series re erved for writer- who
are thought to be in some sense classical —
does at lea-t indicate, is that he is by this
time "accepted," to use the convenient
phrase; and anything more than that
need be of no more than private Concern
to private lovers of his genius.
Industrial Efficiency. By Arthur Shad-
well. 2 vols. (Longmans & Co.)
These two large and most interesting
volumes represent a study in a kind of
sociology still only in the making. Mr.
Shadwell from personal investigation has
attempted a comparison between the
phases of modern industrial life repre-
sented in its diverse developments in
England, Germany, and America. " In-
dustrial " passes insensibly into " social " :
all the varied factors and forces modify-
ing the economic energy of the three
peoples are drawn into the investiga-
tion ; the author passes from the more
particular investigation in factory law,
hours of labour, rates of wages, and
conditions of health within the factories
to a larger survey of habits amongst the
industrial peoples, and the influences of
betting and gambling, thrift, love of games,
and religious education. The style is
excellent for its subject : even, lucid,
simple, carrying the reader insensibly
forward through nearly a thousand pages
without any sense of fatigue. And the study
is lightened by the record of little vivid
personal incidents, as of the indignities
which the author suffered at a public school
for abandoning cricket, or of the method
in which he drank whisky out of a teapot
in Columbia, South Carolina. Mr. Shad-
well makes no attempt to conceal his own
predilections ; and the personal equation
is strongly marked. He has, for example,
a cheerful contempt for the whole system
of English elementary education. " In
spite of some good features," is his sweep-
ing summary, " elementary education
has certainly been a failure in England."
He distrusts Socialistic developments, is
a severe critic of trades unions, and can
even bestow a word of praise on that
astonishing organization, the Free Labour
League. He is by no means in love with
modern America, and stoutly contests
its claim to represent advanced and
pioneer civilization. Indeed, he is
generally inclined rather to emphasize
the advantages of the old than to pro-
claim the necessity of the new.
In the first volume Mr. Shadwell takes
his readers, in general and rather desultory
fashion, through selected industrial centres
in England, Germany, and America. In
England the Lancashire cotton towns.
Sheffield, Bradford, and the Black Country,
provide him with texts for discourses
concerning the widespread comfort, pro-
sperity, and happiness which have been
the products of England's manufacturing
supremacy. Jn Germany he describes in
detail the great oentres of the Rhine
Provineei and industrial Saxony. In
America he confines hi* m- to the
\ew England cotton town-. Philadelphia,
the developing industrial South (of wh
' garden nties he gives a far more favour-
able picture than that generally painted
and Pittsburg and its neighbouring town*
ships, where words fail him adequately
pieat tin dismal reality : —
"Compared with Pittsburg and it- neigh-
bours, Sheffield i^ a plea rt."
"If Pittsburg is hell with the lid off.
Homestead is hell with the hatches on."
"Here is nothing but unrelieved gloom
and grind : on one side the turning, groaning
works wh<rc nun sweat at the num.
rolling mills twelve hours a day for seven
days a week : on the other, rows of wretched
hovels where they eat and Bleep, having
neither time nor energy left for anvthing
" Only those who worship the god of ^old
can pay homage to the lord of squalor who
sits enthroned on the Monongahela. The
money made here carries a taint witli it —
olet."
In the second volume Mr. Shadwell
turns from this pictorial survey to a
detailed investigation and comparison of
the factors which go to its composition :
the hours of work, the rates of wages, the
factory regulations, the political and
social ideals of the people in this new
industrial life which mechanical science
has created in a century. All through he
illustrates England's position as inter-
mediate between Germany and America :
the former succeeding with organization,
patience, and indomitable industry, the
German intellect since 1870 suddenly
switched on to the world of practical
affairs : the latter advancing with a kind
of rude and savage energy, stimulated
by ambition and a universal unbounded
hope of an individual triumph. We stand
with less energy than the one and less
intellect than the other, but still with a
combination of the two adequate to
maintain, though not to better, our in-
dustrial position. In the charge of archaic
plant so freely brought against the English
manufacturers he finds " some truth."
but exempts the whole range of the textile
industries and a very large branch of the
machinery industry. ' The best textile
machinery is still English, in spite of
American enterprise and German appli-
cation." In hours of labour he finds the
German excess commonly exaggerated :
most holidays taken in England, fewest
in America. In housing the enormous
increase in the German towns during a
generation has resulted in a house famine
far more serious than anything in this
country, where '* overcrowding is vir-
tually confined to London. Glasgow,
Tyneeide, and a few of the
On the other hand, the "slum life" is a
thing peculiar to England — and Ameri
•" Poor and overcrowded ;i rman
home may be, it very seldom lies that horrible
air of squalid misery which is common in
London, Manchester, Liverpool, and similar
towns, or that horrible fetid smell of stuffi-
ness. of dirty humanity ami accumulated
tilth, which is much commoner — so common
indeed here, and so seldom encountered
N°4101, June 2, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
661
anywhere else, that it may be called the
national smell."
In physical condition he repeats an almost
universal testimony to the superiority
of the German over the English working
classes — a fact he attributes to the greater
care of the children, the greater care for
the home, the avoidance of injurious
habits, and the two years of military
training. The greater proximity to the
rural life — a generation further away in
England than in Germany ; the superior
care in education, especially in connexion
with medical inspection and physical
development and cleanliness, are other
factors which he might also have empha-
sized.
In education, plunging boldly into a
controversy which has suddenly become
acute, Mr. Shadwell holds up the American
system of schools without religion for
reprobation, and the German system of
universal religious teaching in the schools
for praise, exhorting his countrymen, now
at the parting of the ways, to avoid the
one and cleave to the other. His argument
would be more convincing if he could
show that the artisan classes in America
are more conspicuously immoral or
irreligious than those in the German cities.
But the propagandism, now almost uni-
versal amongst the proletariat of the
" Protestant " cities of Germany, of a
Social Democratic creed, broad based on
a materialism which rejects all super-
natural sanctions for morality, seems to
be a remarkable result of the universal
religious teaching in the State schools.
The creed of Engels, " We are simply
done with God," or of Schek," We open
war upon God because He is the greatest
evil in the world," apparently endorsed by
so many million votes, increasing at each
successive election, is something a little
aloof from the State religion as taught in
the Prussian schools.
The conclusion of the whole matter,
as it affects this country, is full of a note
of warning. England is perishing of over-
prosperity. Everybody is bent on pleasure
and amusement : " We are a nation at
play." ' There is no country in which
wealth is so generally diffused." " And
that," Mr. Shadwell quaintly reasons,
"is why it causes so much demoralization."
" Life is easier here, much easier, in spite
of American wages. As for Germany, thero
is no comparison. And under these condi-
tions the Gospel of Ease has permeated the
nation, and has been preached from every
pulpit and every platform. This is what is
called ' Progress.' "
Yet he lias hopes of the future : simply
because " the excessive prosperity and
the Gospel of Ease with it are already
coming to an end." We still have more
physical energy than our rivals : " It
comes from our detestable climate, the
greatest asset we have, and happily im-
perishable." Protection lie thinks would
exercise a disastrous effect by restraining
this compulsory awakening. If economic
pressure fails, " the disease will certainly
advance until nothing but a major surgical
operation, such as the landing of 100,000
Prussians, can save the patient." The
most menacing change of all Mr. Shadwell
finds in the declining birthrate : " This is
by far the most important question which
my investigation has revealed. Beside it
all others sink into insignificance." " It
is a progressive evil, operating amongst
the flower of the industrial classes, which
promises slow national extinction." He
calls at the end for ruralization by peasant
proprietorships or small holdings, being
convinced, notwithstanding the example
of the French peasant, that the restoration
of the people to life on the land is the only
cure for a declining national vitality.
Mary of Modena. By Martin Haile.
(Dent & Co,)
Mr. Haile, in his biography of Mary of
Modena, displays an honourable contempt
for popular taste by giving references to
his sources with enthusiasm. In his first
page he speaks with unaffected delight
about the letters and dispatches which
were " unknown to Miss Strickland and
have never before appeared in England,"
though in French they were used by the
author of ' Les Derniers Stuart a St.
Germain en Laye,' a work truly " monu-
mental," not to say sepulchral. The
story of the wooing, not at first hand, of
the reluctant and saintly princess as bride
of the unsaintly and unfortunate Duke of
York is very well told. The Pope had
to overcome Mary's preference for celibacy,
by pointing out that she might help to
recover England for the Church, which,
perhaps, an angel could not have done.
Peterborough acted as James's proxy,
and, after all, there was not much more
attention paid to papal " briefs and dis-
pensation " than by Mary Stuart and
Henry Darnley. A Catholic marriage
of course annoyed the Protestant party
in England, and already they were re-
ported, in 1673, to speak of evidence
proving that Monmouth was the legiti-
mate son of Charles II. Whether he was
really the son of Charles or not, the public
of England was convinced that Mary
herself was " the eldest daughter of the
Pope," for the popular temper was rising
gradually to the level on which Titus
Oates was to work. A poor little princess
of fifteen came to a country where she
was not wanted, and to a husband who
had lost the remarkable beauty of his
youth, was old enough to have been her
father, was eminently volatile in his affec-
tions, and was highly unpopular on account
of his religion. When she had children,
they died young ; and when Oates began
his series of " revelations," almost the
first victim was her secretary, Coleman.
She and James were obliged to leave
England ; in Scotland they were not
particularly popular ; and by 1682 the
Duchess had, and continued to have, the
most assured grounds for jealousy of her
husband. On the death of Charles II.
she continued to suffer in a more con-
SpicUOUS position : she always suffered, all
her life long, with sweetness and dignity.
The few gleams of light appear in the
earlier part of her exile after 1688, when
her children, James and Louise, were
young and merry. But the King died ;
Louise died ; her son was the sport
of every wind of ill fortune. He for
long insisted on keeping her acquainted
with his plans, and the result was
that every Irish lieutenant in Paris,
as Bolingbroke said, knew nearly as
much of the secrets of the Jacobite
party as he did. James was obliged to
exclude his mother from his counsels :
nothing that she knew failed to be known
abroad, and there was a spy within her
household, the brother of the trusted
Sir Thomas Higgons. This exclusion of
Mary from her son's confidence, which
only his filial affection had caused him to
permit her to share, was the latest sorrow
of a life full of bitterness. But she was
never embittered ; her life was truly
saintly.
Mr. Haile has told the story fully, and
with a judicious use of documents. There
are not many sentences in the book like
this remarkable one (p. 47) : —
" There was but one way, and that second
to none, in which Mary Beatrice could
uphold the credit and dispel the ignorant
contempt and fear of her religion— by being
in herself the example and charming em-
bodiment of every virtue in a Court where
vice seems to have reigned almost supreme
— and not in her closet, immersed in per-
petual prayer like the disheartened and
neglected Queen— but strong in the support
of her husband's affection (which, even if
then unknown to her, it was shared by baser
objects, at least gave her no open cause of
jealousy or doubt,) in the intelligent, high-
spirited pursuit of all good things."
This is indeed a " vast and wandering "
period !
There is a hopelessly unsatisfactory
index of two pages.
Mr. Haile mentions a curious circum-
stance which is new to us. Critics have
doubted Saint-Simon's account of Stair's
attempt to seize or slay James on his way
to Scotland in 1715. Mr. Haile remarks
that the depositions of the witnesses at
Nonancourt exist, and are in Lemontey's-
' Histoire de la Regence.'
NEW NOVELS.
The Ferry of Fate. By Samuel Gordon.
(Chatto & Windus.)
Mr. Gordon is known as the author of
several novels that have met with a fair
degree of popularity, but in ' The Ferry
of Fate' he has made a long stride
towards the goal of artistic success. His
portrait of Alma Koratoff is not altogether
unworthy of Tourguenieff. The slow but
unswerving process of spiritual develop-
nient, by which an empty-headed girl
becomes a noble woman, is described
with such steady restraint and invariable
certainty of touch that the woman lives
as we read of her. The hero Volkmann is
also drawn with care and fidelity to life ;
and the Russian nobles and peasants,
the mujiks and the .lews, whom we meet
in the course of the story, are thoroughly
662
Til B Arril KN7IUJM
N°410l, Ji n. :!, 1906
int. | If tin ii Inn- lit the
book, it [g in the poiliait of Nyinan the
Irirviii.in. who alone anion;.' .Mi. QordjOU s
}iri.Min;iL'i> -n I lit- rnelixli a ma t i<
tussian Nihilist of the <lit in t i\ c iiowl.
• Tin- I-Ym\ oj I'.ur ' deserves to he i'.i'l
carefully. The author has aimed high,
and nio-t of his leader- will agree that he
lias hit the mark.
Thi Black Cuirassier. By Philip L.
Stevenson. (Hurst & Blackett.)
'I'm: Black ( 'uirassiers were regiments of
that renowned cavalry deader in t he Thirty
Years' War. Pappenheim. The particular
Cuirassier taken hy Mr. Stevenson for his
hero is Rittmeister Devereux, an Irish
soldier of fortune, whom students of
Schiller's tragedy will remember as one
of Wallenstein's murderers. In the novel
he is not the brainless bravo of the play,
but is provided with as fair a reason for
his deed as it is possible for a man to have.
Still, there is no denying that Devereux
deteriorates in the course of the narrative,
which is thus deprived of the happy ter-
mination regarded by some readers as
their due, and ends rather abruptly. The
portraits of Pappenheim and his daughter,
who is wooed, but not won, by Devereux,
are perhaps the most successful in Mr.
Stevenson's gallery — the account of the
former's death at Liitzen being specially
fine. The horrors of war in the seventeenth
century are described almost too realistic-
ally. Mr. Stevenson writes well, though
he indulges in the use of the split
infinitive. But in this he has, as we
point out elsewhere to-day, good prece-
dent.
Cecilia's Lovers. By Amelia E. Barr.
(Fisher Unwin.)
Stories of New York society written
from the inside point of view have always
an interest for English readers, if only as
suggesting certain modifications of the
traditional views entertained on this side
of the Atlantic concerning the manners
and customs prevailing on the other. A
gentleman embarrassed by the awkward-
ness of having to meet his secretary (the
daughter of a fellow-artist) "as a social
equal " at the house of a common friend,
and a lady disillusioned by six years of
fruitless homage to a man who cannot
make up his mind to marry her, are rather
at variance with our ironbound precon-
ceptions concerning the dignity of labour
and the sovereignty of women in the great
republic. As regards the literary quality
of the book there is not much to be said,
but it is bright and pleasant, and likely
enough to find readers.
A Young J\Ian from the Country. By
Madame Alhanesi. (Hurst & Blackett. \
In her new story Madame Albanesi intro-
duces us to an interesting, because natural,
pair of sisters. Their mother, of a re-
pressed and repressing habit, has also
good, because real, touches. We should
have liked, too, to know a little more of
the eldeih wife of an old .ulnon i of one
of the "ills. Hut of the little gul called
Mi :_'«>• (an idol of the health and home)
we should ha\e heiii pleased not to hear
at all. Dogs, cats, and I hildrcn must he
very good (in a sense) before they are put
into books. This child seems to us to
strike a note of fal •• sentiment throughout.
The Wood Ewl. By J. E. Buckrose.
(Hutchinson & Co.)
This is a novel of exceptional merit, all
the more welcome because it is from the
hand of a new writer. The smell of the
woods is in the book. The opening scenes,
in which a love idyll ends in a secret
marriage, are, in particular, full of a
delightful sense of the open air. This
atmospheric charm is not its only merit.
Mr. Buckrose has an interesting story to
tell, and he tells it skilfully. Though not
wholly free from signs of the unprac-
tised hand — there is, for instance, an
irritating touch of exaggeration about
one or two of the minor characters —
' The Wood End ' is an original piece of
work.
Henry Northcoie.
stable & Co.)
By J. C. Snaith. (Con-
Theee can be no two opinions about the
vivacity, the humour, or the originality of
Mr. Snaith's work : his account of very
little more than three days in the life of a
briefless barrister engrosses the attention.
Lovers of Mr. Meredith's work will recog-
nize strong indications of his influence ;
but Mr. Snaith should give his whimsical
imagination and dramatic instinct free
play, and break away from the trammels
which this style imposes on him. The
unreality of the whole thing is in striking
contrast with the realistic touches which
he introduces so well. A student of
character who can sketch in the restaurant
chef, and the hero's old mother, with so
light and true a touch, should devote his
gifts to the hard problems of the life we
are all living. The book is certainly one
to be read, though we deplore the ultra -
cynical scene at the end.
By Wit of Woman. By Arthur W.
Marchmont. Illustrated by S. H.
Vedder. (Ward, Lock & Co.)
It is amusing to find so definite a region
as Hungary figuring in its own name as
the latest Ruritania of fiction. Mr.
Marchmont's heroine is transformed into
an amateur detective by the desire to
relieve her father's honour from the
reproach of a murder which he protested
he did not commit. She finds a lover in
the heir to a dukedom ; and the usual
bland and unscrupulous foe is provided in
the person of his would-be supplanter.
The heroine's antics as an actress off the
boards are on one occasion ludicrous in
the extreme, but her handiness with
revolvers commands respect. She is, in
fact, an American of the shopmade sort,
though of Hungarian birth. A reviewer
confronted with a novel devoid of evidence
of aili.-tn aiiihition n wise m summoning
his humour hefoie pronounciag upon it.
In tin- ia-f buiiic will criticize tin- high
life with enjoyment, and othei- will hi
stined by a movement which, though
unflagging, is never detrimental to tlus
nerves.
body Marion (lid tin Plutocrat. By Lady
Helen Forbes, (John Long.)
In this story the pe.ple draw together
with difficulty — in some OMM not at all.
Lady Marion only appeals to any purp
in Part II. At' the close of Part 111.,
the end of the story, she interests us aa
little as at the beginning. If anything of
an impression is made hy her on us, it is
a faint distaste. Some oi the people are
meant to be vulgar or " middle-class."
She, without being supposed to be either,
seems to have a certain claim to both
descriptions. She comes of a family in-
tended to be displeasing, and their
unattractiveness is sometimes success-
fully drawn. It is not every one who,
even in days of old, admired the avowedly
" meek " heroine. Here meekness and
primness are the chief characteristics.
Her season of love is delayed. When it
does come, her tameness is a little shock-
ing to the unsympathetic reader. But
the personality of the plutocrat rather
increases in interest, though one never
perhaps really visualizes the man.
Murray of the Scots Greys. By L. Clarke.
(Jarrold & Sons.)
We find here a romantic love story and
rapid adventures of the rough-and-tumble
description. The historical setting is
amazingly unhistorical. The gallant Lord
Cutts was never colonel of the Scots Greys ;
his regiment was the Coldstream Guards.
He was probably never in Scotland. The
idea of English noblemen residing in the
Highlands in summer in the beginning of
the eighteenth century is as ludicrous as
the marriage party emerging from the
church upon " the village green " amid
the salutations of the " cottagers.'' The
name of MaeiiieL'or was proscribed at the
period, and Badenoch is not the Macgregor
country. George I. was an unamiable
monarch, but there is no record of his
sending to assassinate his nobles. Allow-
ance being made for these draw hacks, and
for a taint of journalese in the style, the
book may be praised. Some of the
incidents are excellently told, and the
death of Lord Mowbray, in presence of
the apparition of the man he has foully
slain, is "' thrilling." The strange course
of events which separates hero and heroine
until it is too late to marry is an original
touch. There is distinct promise here.
Joitjou conjugal. By Eugene Joliclerc.
(Paris, Alphonse Lemerre.)
' Joujou conjugal ' is by no means a
book for young ladies, although the
heroine recovers her husband without
finally losing her own character. It is
N°4101, June 2, 1906
THE ATHEN^tFM
663
interesting as a careful study of the influ-
ence of " fast " and empty, would-be-
fashionable, Parisian life upon a girl well
brought- up by strict parents in a pro-
vincial city. The " happy ending " is
not justified by the development of cha-
racter and the situations in the book ;
and the impression left by the later pages
is unreal. The paragraphing of the dia-
logue throughout the volume is so ill
managed as to be a source of continual
confusion, even to careful readers. The
ability displayed by the writer in other
ways is far above the average.
VERSES AND TRANSLATIONS.
The Door of Humility. By Alfred Austin.
(Macmillan & Co.) — The appearance of a
new poem by the Poet Laureate on the scale
of ' The Door of Humility ' ought to be an
event of considerable literary importance.
That it is not, is in no way attributable to
any want of good intentions on Mr. Austin's
part. It is obvious that he has written with
a purpose, and that purpose a most excellent
one. In the cant of the day, he felt that he
had a message to deliver, and he has de-
livered it. This will doubtless be a recom-
mendation to those — and they are many — to
whom the novel with a purpose, even the
picture with a purpose, appeals. The present
writer has no sympathy with the divorce of
poetry from morals, and even from reason ;
but he holds that poetry should be purpose-
less, or rather that thao nly purpose, apart
from the universal one of pleasing which
it may legitimately possess, must be inherent
in its own constitution, and not imposed
on it from without. For poetry partakes
of the nature of the universal, and if it is
narrowed and lowered to the particular in
order to become the medium of a " message "
necessarily loses its eternal significance.
What purpose can be divined in a play of
Shakspeare or a lyric of Sappho ? The
monumental work of Lucretius, on the other
hand, and ' The Excursion ' are examples
of poems with a purpose ; and where the
exalted mind of Wordsworth and the austere
enthusiasm of the Roman poet have failed,
it is not given to men of commoner clay to
succeed.
Mr. Austin's theme is the quest for faith.
After a short account of the influences that
shaped the poet's youth, the birth of first
love is described. But Monica (the name
is both a reminiscence and a prophecy) is a
parson's daughter, and, learning from one
of " the unloving and least wise " that he
has lost belief in Christianity, she bids him
see her no more until he find himself and
Come hack and look for me
!*• -i'lf tile little lowly door,
The doorway of Humility.
He goes abroad, but the search for belief
per mare, per terras, is fruitless. Switzer-
land and Florence, Rome and Constantinople,
all olike leave him unsatisfied. At last,
" from Delphi gazing down on Salona and
Amphissa," the answer comes to him : —
Be strong :
Mil.ilii- the sigh, repress the t.
Ami let not sorrow .silence song.
Yon now have learnt enough from pafn ;
And, if worse anguish lnrk behind,
Breathe in it some nnaelflsb -.train,
And » iih (Triers wisdom aid your kind.
Immediately there arrives a message from
Monica, urging him to
Come to me where I drooping lie.
I f:i in once more would see your face,
And hear your voice, before I die.
He returns to find that she has breathed her
last : —
Vestured in white, on snow-white bed,
She lay, as dreaming something sweet,
Madonna lilies at her head,
Madonna lilies at her feet.
She has left, however, a letter, in which she
admits that
nought should keep apart
Those who, though sore perplexed by strife
'Twixt Faith and Doubt, are one in heart.
For Doubt is one with Faith when they
Who doubt, for Truth's sake suffering live ;
And Faith meanwhile should hope and pray.
Withholding not what Love can give ;
and bids him,
when life takes autumnal hues,
Wjth fervent reminiscence woo
All the affections of the Muse,
And write the poem lived by you.
Passing from the death chamber, he
wended up the slope once more
To where the Church stands lone and still,
And passed beneath the Little Door,
My will the subject of Her will.
•
Mutely I knelt, with bended brow
And shaded eyes, but heart intent
To learn, should any teach me now,
What Life and Love and Sorrow meant.
And there remained until the shroud
Of dusk foretold the coming night ;
And then I rose and prayed aloud,
" Let there be Light ! Let there be Light ! "
The common four-line stanza with alter-
nating rhymes gives littlo metrical support
to the thought and its expression. It lends
itself to a clear and equable flow, and on
occasion to a certain epigrammatic concise-
ness and finality. It abhors archaisms and
affectations and inversions of the natural
order of the language. In some of these
respects Mr. Austin is a hardened offender.
The natural order is often displaced without
reason ; verbal eccentricities, such as " re-
roaming," &c, are met with frequently ;
necessary words are omitted metri gratia ;
and, worst of all, the rhyme again and again
is seen to be the master and not the servant.
When Mr. Austin speaks of " those who
reared his form to genuflexion," or tells
us that " loud the blackbird cheers his
bride, Deep in umbrageous Vicarage," one
can only say that he seems determined to
be his own parodist, and deplore the total
absence not merely of the critical faculty,
but even of that less rare possession, a sense
of humour. The philosophy and its senti-
mental setting are patently planned on the
Tennysonian model, btit unhappily it is not
enough to succeed a poet in order to be
successful in imitating him.
Poems of the Seen and Unseen. By
Charles Witham Herbert. (Simpkin, Mar-
shall & Co.) — Mr. Witham Herbert's modest
and slender Volume is strong where most
young poetry is weak, and weak where most
young poetry is strong. Most young poets
are all emotion (though tho emotion may
not be Very intense, or subtle, or bracing
— or even particularly wholesome) : fancy
may be scarce, imagination microscopic ;
but they luxuriate in emotion, of a kind.
Mr. Herbert's special defect, however, is
precisely emotion. Young poets, on tho
other hand, whatever else they may have,
and have richly, scarce ever exhibit thought.
In that precious material of poetry they are
nearly always weak. It is tho crowning gift
whirh agr\ that steals from tho poet so much,
bestows in compensation for what it takes
away. Mr. Herbert has this gift. It is
just the individual note of these poems,
their redeeming quality, tho quality which
exacts for them respect. So rare is it in
modern poetry that the discovery of its
presence in a young poet brib<«» us to indul-
gence
Y.t Mr. Herbert needs that bribe in his
hand. Had ho the emotional faculty of
many a versifier who possesses not a third
of Mr. Herbert's mental faculty, he might
have produced poetry to cherish. As it is,
we do not say there is no emotion, but it is
qttite insufficient to fuse the thought which
is the substance of his verse. The pity is the
greater because intellectuality is not his
sole quality. His imagery is often original,
and shows at times a genuine imagination.
But he is defective in the artistic gifts which
are so much akin to poetic emotion that they
may be said to be a part, or at least an out-
come, of it. His language has not inevitable
felicity ; his metre seems an accidental and
separable thing, not in organic union With
the verse. So he is hot at his best in the
longer poems, which do not compensate by
beauty of expression for the diffuseness and
thinness of substance which are apparent in
them. The sonnets, which oblige compact-
ness, perhaps show him at his best. The
translations from the ghazels (an Eastern
form) of some German poets also show
considerable sitceess in a very difficult task.
Mr. Herbert's characteristic trend is
revealed by the fact that metaphysics are
the direct basis of many sonnets. Ono
series is nothing less than an attempt to set
forth a philosophic argument in a sequence
of sonnets ; and at his best one feels it to be
rather heavy gold-ore than the fused and
wrought gold. The thing, for all its qualities,
lacks the living movement which only the
vital heat of strong poetic feeling can quicken.
Mr. Herbert is a thinker with certain qualities
of a poet ; but his work does not at present
convince us that he is a poet absolute.
Corydon. By Reginald Fanshawe
(Frowde.) — Mr. Fanshawe explains in a
sub-title that his poem is an elegy in memory
of Matthew Arnold and Oxford, and in a
Sreface that the title was suggested by
"mold's own ' Thyrsis.' There is no servile
imitation, however, of the older poet. The
metre is Spenser's —
That Colin, who must mould this pastoral plaint
To his strong measure's warm romantic glow-,
Deep mystic undersong and clear melodious flow ;
and we are reminded more than once of the
Hymns, as in the invocation to tie " Spirit
Divine, that at the warm world's heart
Workest eternal " : —
Purge Thou this faint poor function, low and late,
And fill anew with faculty entire
Of reconciling calm to recreate
Gleam of Thy primal work's Splendour immaculate.
In other places a greater elegy even than
Arnold's ' Adonais is recalled. But gene-
rally both the thought and its expression
have a rare freshness and individuality.
There is more fundamental brainwork in
Mr. Fanshawe's 224 stanzas than in a score
volumes of current minor verse. The
evolution of the intellectual life of Oxford
during the last sixty years is traced with
knowledge and insight, and there is some
felicitous literary criticism by the way;
Thus Browning is summed iip in a single
line as the
Subtlest apologist of groping souls that grow,
and Shelley as the
Prophet of all things starlike, formless, free.
' Corydou ' is by no moans easy reading, in
spite of the detailed tabic of contents pro-
vided. Part of the difficulty is doubtless
due to the high matters treated of, but in
part it arises from a certain obscurity of style,
which with a tendency to monotony is the
author's main defect. Though tho e*
abounds in memorable phrases, such CM3
"Time's sad realist Winter," it defends for its
success neither on those nor on the beauty
of individual stanzas, but father on Ihe
orderly progress of the closely knit thought
and the sustained dignity of the language.
664
T h E atii EN .i:r M
N !1<»], .J i m 2, 1906
I n English Bom , Bj L. Cb nun., i I
(Elkin Mathews.)- t m the making ol oi
then ii no end, nioh i their fat*] facility.
\n English R< rdj hali English, the
other half having a l'>' ian, or al least
tern, ancestry. 'Dialogues with Ba'di '
close the Blender volume; and there are
translations of, and frequent references t<>
him in the sonnets also. Bui Mr. Cranmer-
Bj og is not • l-'it/( ierald. The atmosphere is
rather that of Mr. Stephen Phillips a early
lyrics (we have in our mmd one in particular,
which begins. " () thou art put to many uses,
sweet '. ") notaverj congenial atmosphere,
it might be thought, for I
Mr. Cranmer-Byng'a thought i often con-
fused, and its expression turgid. I inee like
l iii'.u- without tiii- M.icc of ni.-int despair
( i j inn aloud on ruin's shapeless troll ;
Then iteet my silent coarse to fairyland,
are not good sense, much less good poetry.
There are moments, however, of imagination,
happily phrased, as in the sonnet called 'The
Quietist ' ; and this couplet —
Mown the rain-sodden streets, where to ami fro
The dark unhappy human meteors go—
lingers in the memory.
Love's Testament. By G. Constant Louns-
bery. (John Lane.) —
How shall I praise thee, seeing thou art more
Than all my singing or all Bong to me ;
Thou who basl Bid me tone my lyre for thee,
Though little skilled in verse, or poet's lore.'
sings Mr. Lounsbery ; and it is not for the
critic to dispute the excellence of his reason
for singing. But it is nowhere related that
he was bidden to publish what he wrote,
and we cannot help thinking he would have
been well advised had ho interpreted silence
as dissuasion from such a course. ' Love's
Testament ' is a sonnet sequence containing
sixty-six sonnets, divided into sections of
six, the titles of which — ' Of Passion,' ' Of
Doubt,' ' Of Separation,' ' Of Reconciliation,'
&c. — indicate that it proceeds on well-worn
lines. Mr. Lounsbery has chosen the
Italian form of the sonnet, but were not the
Elizabethans right after all in preferring
the looser structure for the sequence ? En
revanche, he has imitated some of Shak-
speare's sonnets with a closeness which only
serves to reveal the great gulf fixed between
the original and the copy. The sense is
frequently obscured by faulty punctuation ;
and identical endings, such as " comradeship"
and " fellowship," are too often made to do
duty for rhymes. A few of these sonnets
have merit, e.g., the sixtieth and the sixty-
fourth. The pity is that they are sub-
merged boneath a mass of tedious common-
place.
Dramatic Lyrics. By John Gurdon. (Elkin
Mathews.) — Mr. Gurdon has a command of
his instrument, a tunefulness, and a variety
of harmony which lift him at once out of the
ruck of latter-day makers of verse. He has
imagination also, without which the qualities
just named are but a tinkling cymbal--
witness ' The Flutes of Death,' perhaps
the strongest and most original piece in the
whole volume ; and he has dramatic instinct
—witness ' The Lament of Phrynichus,' with
its stately rhythm culminating in the cry,
" Miletus, ah, Miletus ! " and ' Mad Aloys,'
which tells compactly and vigorously a story
similar to that of Keats's ' Isabella. Many
of these poems are, of course, immature :
some in technique (for example, ' An Evo-
cation,' with its clever but crude imitation
of Swinburne), others in thought which is
either commonplace or extravagant ; but
in a few there is that mating of thought and
expression which is seen immediately to bo
indissoluble. Listen to the first stanza of
' J )anse Macabre ' : —
I till all
linn?,
I ill through heaven the moon and ran
tre following earth ■ funeral ,
U * row t ana
\\ail and warble, pine and i rooa ;
or to thii from ' A Bahamian Night ' : —
Will the uind go Wooing BllOthW I Hi- Bight i- Mown,
ill- ii leu,
And Love Bias free as the wind U) one baarl alone
In nil tin- world.
And then he mast tarrj foi erer, daai bead, my own.
The bulk is not great, but of the quality
of such grain us this there can be no two
opinions. We hope that the present volume
is the earnest of an ampler and riper ban
Wo have received Poems i>y T. >
Moore, collected in One Volume (Duckworth
it Co.). The six brown-paper-dad booklets
which are, or should be, known to all \o\
of good poetry, have already been obtainable
conveniently packed in a cardboard case of
the same sober hue. Now they have been
definitely gathered in a single neat volume,
and in this form will, we hope, make many
new friends as well as renew old acquaint-
ances.
When Berni, in his famous eulogy of
Michelangelo, observed that, as contrasted
with the facile Pctrarchians of his day, he
said things while they poured out words
only, he indicated at once an advantage and
a drawback experienced by would-be trans-
lators of the great artist's often crabbed
rhymes. The thought is apt to be of so
much more importance than the garb in
which it appears that a fairly faithful
rendering can be produced without the
anxiety which must always beset the mind of
one who essays to present, say, Petrarch's
poems to English readers — namely, that
he will never succeed in transferring to
another medium the beauty of ordered sounds
which, rather than any depth of thought,
gives them their chief interest. On the
other hand, it must be confessed that, in his
struggles to get his "things" said, Michel-
angelo is somewhat apt to " let the sounds,"
and the words with them, " take care of
themselves," thus rendering the ascertain-
ment of his meaning at times a difficult task.
Even Sign or Guasti himself, in the prose
version which he appends to each poem,
seems, if one may venture to say so, now and
then to miss the precise meaning of some
obscure phrase. On the whole, therefore, it
is not to be wondered at if — in the forty years
that have passed since Guasti gave the world
for the first time the true text of Michel-
angelo's poems, freed from the embellish-
ments introduced, with the best intentions
and most disastrous results, by the author's
great - nephew — translators should have
been rather shy of trying their powers on
Michelangelo. Only two, we believe,
among English writers at any rate, have
essayed to reproduce the whole body of
sonnets : J. A. Symonds in the later seventies,
and now the lady whose version is before us.
The Sonnets of Michelangelo Buonarroti,
translated into English verse by S. Eliza-
beth Hall (Kegan Paul), contains some very
creditable work. By sacrificing the strict
form of the sonnet, and allowing herself
four rhymes in each pair of quatrains, the
translator has been able to achieve1 more
literal renderings in some places than
Symonds, with his closer adherence to the
rules, succeeded in doing. The opening
of Sonnet xx., " Quanto si gode," will
illustrate this. Symonds has : —
What. joy hath yon gold wreath of Mowers that is
Around her golden hair so deftly twined.
Bach blossom pressing forward from behind,
As though to be the first her brows to kiss !
The livelong day her dress hath perfect Miss,
That now reveals her breast, now seems to bind :
And that fair woven net of gold refined
Bests on her cheek and throat in happiness
1 knot
la- .* .-* :
Miss 1 1 Is: —
Hon .
I
All d
Her cl i.im.-i fiun, •
Both branalaton appear to have goni
in the fifth line, where " e poi par ob
■panda indicate the loo-cr
flow of the gown (not bodice) below t)
but in the lii-t two lines, in order to main'
his rhyn a, Bymonds has been obi
not only to introduce two otiose worn
the ends of the lines, but also to shirk the
TuBcanism " si domanda," and to boil d
to one word the emphatic " di toccar
i i.i- any on . by tin- way, i
called attention to the Cil
between this sonnet and a well-knov
of Tennyson's '.' )
The success of Miss Hall's exj
that the next translator of Michel-
angelo will do well to abandon altogether
the strict Italian sonnet-form, and try how the
rigorous Shakspearean model will serve
the turn. It would be no case of forcing the
thoughts into an unsuitable framework, for
the coincidences of idea are often almost
startling.
The Sonnets are prefaced with a version
of Condivi's ' Life,' correctly enough ren-
dered, but rather wooden, and scarcely
needed after the recent performance of the
same task in more adequate fashion by Sir
Charles Holroyd. A point is missed at the
beginning of chap, iii., where " Buonarroti "
in the fourth fine should be " Buonarroto."
What is meant is that a certain Christian
name occurred so frequently in the family
that it became at last the established surna
The point is of some interest, because it
seems probable that Dante acquired in the
same way the surname which he has made
famous. It ma}' perhaps be pointed out
here that, in the sonnet Xon e piu bassa,"
alto does not mean " halting."
Mr. Mackail has achieved another instal-
ment of his translation of The Odyssey
(Murray), Books IX.-XVI. having now
appeared. This method of publication,
while doubtless having its advantages for
the author, causes a certain embarrassment
to the reviewer, who having presumably
said on the first portion all he has to say on
the general questions which the work suggests,
is left in the case of the subsequent ones to
take his choice of three courses, none of them
wholly satisfactory : he may " write accord-
ing " to his former remarks, which is dull ;
he may contradict them, a practice best left
to the politician ; or he may look for small
blunders, a search not likely to be very
remunerative in the case of a workman so
careful as Mr. Mackail. Under the first head
we may say that further experience does
nothing to diminish our conviction of the
inadequacy of any stanza, the "Omar"
stanza not least, to rentier the Homeric
rhythm. A good deal of Omar would no
doubt go very well into Greek hexameters,
but the converse does not follow. Almost
the only minuter criticism that occurs to us
— apart from an occasional and perhaps
unavoidable tagging-out of a line, as " That
was Tiresias when on earth was he " to
represent the bare name of the prophet — is
that Circe's wail of amazement when she
finds that Ulysses, so to speak, knows a
trick worth two of hers, n's ttoOiv e<ro-'
dvSpwv ; is a little weakened by the intro-
duction of " and " between the two inter-
rogatives. One remembers the dramatic
force of Isaac's " Who ? where is he ? "
in Genesis.
N°4101, June 2, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
665
For the sample without which no notice
is complete we may take a few lines from
the delightful passage in the thirteenth book
where Ulysses, waking bewildered on the
shore of his native land and meeting Athena
disguised, is instructed as to his locality by
her, and proceeds to tell a string of inge-
nious lies, to the high approval of the
goddess : —
So said he ; and the grey-eyed goddess bland,
Athena, smiled and stroked him with her hand :
And like a woman tall and fair and skilled
In noble works before him seemed to stand.
And answering him in winged words said she :
"Artful indeed and subtle would he be
Who, meeting you, in any sort of guile
Outdid you, even though a God were he.
Hardy of heart, insatiate of deceit,
Full of devices ! so you thought not meet
Even in your own land to lay aside
Your treacheries and your words that love to cheat.
But now no longer let us talk thereof,
Being both well practised in the art we love ;
Since you in counsel and in tale-telling
Are far away all mortal men above ;
Even as I all Gods in fame excel
Of craft and wisdom."
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
The Earlier Cambridge Stationers and
Bookbinders and the First Cambridge Printer.
By George J. Gray. (Bibliographical
Society.) — In this very interesting work
Mr. Gray has collected all that is known
of the Stationers to the University to the
end of the sixteenth century. It is illus-
trated with some 29 plates, most of them
excellent copies of Cambridge bindings.
No Cambridge bindings before 1500 have been
certainly identified, except by the colouring
of their leather, and one fears that there is
little chance of any book with distinctive
stamps or rolls ever coming to light, as the
volumes bound for the use of students were,
as far as one can tell, covered with unstamped
leather over wooden boards, and the fine
books whose bindings were probably orna-
mented, were all rebound in the days of the
Georges. The sixteenth-century binders at
Cambridge were Dutchmen, and each of
them had his peculiar rolls and stamps.
Lists of books in their bindings, with a
description, have been collected under the
binders' names. Considerable attention is
paid to the work of John Siberch, the first
Cambridge printer, on whom Mr. Gray and
Mr. Bowes have just ready an important
volume of 'Bibliographical Notes,' with
many facsimiles of woodcuts and other
ornaments. The chief value of the present
book lies in the plates, by means of which
any Cambridge binding of the period can
be at once identified.
Catalogue of Fifteenth-Century Books in
the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, and
in Marsh's Library, Dublin, with a Few
from other Collections. By T. K. Abbott.
(Dublin, Hodges, Figgis & Co. ; London,
Longmans & Co.) — This is a very interesting
and well-compiled catalogue of the incunabula
in Trinity and Marsh's Library, Dublin,
with a note of some half-dozen others in
Armagh, Cashel, and the King's Inns,
Dublin. It contains 606 numbers, of which
several are duplicates ; and out of these
no fewer than 72 have not been identified
by Dr. Abbott as previously described.
The^ Trinity Library contains a number
of French incunabula of great interest, and
some raro Spanish ones. Some of the French
books, however, should probably be dated
after 1500 ; e.g., No. 122, printed at Rouen
by Laur. Hostinguo and Jamet Louys for
Jac. le Eforestier. Wo suspect, too, that
several of the quartos without place and date
will turn out to bo printed about 1510. The
book is illustrated by eleven fine plates,
several of them coloured. It seems ungrateful
to look a gift-horse in the mouth, but we
should have preferred to see facsimiles of
the unidentified types in the place of the
very fine work of Jenson's illuminator. Dr.
Abbott adds some excellent indexes : (1) in
chronological order ; (2) Printers and Places ;
(3) Watermarks, with printers using them ;
and (4) Former Owners. We commend the
example of Dr. Abbott to other librarians,
especially to those of Scotland.
A Short Catalogue of English Books in
Archbishop Marsh's Library, Dublin, printed
before 1641. By N. J. D. White. Cata-
logues, No. 1. (Bibliographical Society.) —
In this new development the Bibliographical
Society has taken a further step towards
the great object of English bibliography —
a complete catalogue of English books
printed to the end of the year 1640. Many
college and cathedral libraries possess collec-
tions rich in works of this period, but
hitherto there has been little encouragement
to librarians to print catalogues, in face of
a certain loss on their cost of production, and
the great likelihood that the catalogues,
when printed, would not fall into the hands
of those likely to profit by them. The
Society now contributes to the cost of
printing on the one hand, and brings the
catalogues, when printed, before those best
able to make use of them. We hope that
this hint will not be lost on the librarians
of the three kingdoms. Marsh's Library is
a pleasant little corner of the late seventeenth
century preserved in twentieth - century
Dublin, and was for nearly 150 years the
only really public library in the city. It
contains now about 22,000 printed books
and 200 MSS., including some Celtic works
of great interest. The present catalogue
contains about 1,350 titles, of which a number
are not in the British Museum — among them
several Oxford-printed and Scottish-printed
books, some of the latter new to biblio-
graphers. We note a book in French
printed by Field in 1600, a number of new
arithmetical books, some very rare books
of travels, one with Humphrey Dyson's
book-label, and a great collection of visita-
tion articles under the names of the various
dioceses. Holland's ' Monuments of St.
Paul's' (1614), Breton's ' Melancholike
Humours ' (1600), Harpesfeld's 'Concio,' and
others are also rare. The broadside cata-
logued under Elizabeth is not a proclamation,
and should not have been entered as one.
One or two unusual forms of title are adopted :
it should be Duck, not Ducks ; Fitzsimon,
not Fitzsmon, &c.
Hand- Lists of English Printers, 1501-
1566. Part III. By E. G. Duff and others.
(Bibliographical Society.) — Of these biblio-
graphies of English printers the most im-
portant are those of Thomas Berthelet
(1528-54), by Mr. W. W. Greg, and Richard
Grafton (1539-66), by Mr. R, B. McKerrow.
Both were King's Printers, Berthelet losing
his position on the death of Henry VIII.,
as his patent expired, and Grafton already
holding the patent of printer to Edward
while he was Prince of Wales. Mr. Greg
finds himself faced with the problem of a
large number of undated books, and has
grappled with it very successfully on the
whole. An important dividing point in
Henry V1IT. books is fixed by the proclama-
tion of November 10th, 1538, which forbade
the use of the words " Cum privilegio " or
" Cum privilegio regali " unless with the
words "iid imprimendum solum" added to
them. Tho effect of the lieenco or pri\ i
lege was also to be appended bo books.
Mr. Greg has omitted the large number of
proclamations and broadside Acts printed
as proclamations which we know from
Berthelet's bills to have existed. It is
almost certain that all the Acts of Henry's
reign were printed as broadsides. The
" proclamation of naughty books, 26 Feb.,
1538," is probably some error for the " pro-
clamation of rites, 16 Nov.," the Herbert
proclamation of February 26th being that
of " customs," not " custom." The two
of December 18th, 1543, are identical, and
that of February, 1543, is an error of
Herbert's in dating (1534). That of May 22,
1544, is not known in print. " Celebs the
philosopher " is of course Cebes (p. 18).
The unique copy of the 1534 ' Instructions
for the Lord Deputy of Ireland,' in the
Public Record Office, is not noted. In
the Grafton list a proclamation of Septem-
ber 9th-llth, 1551, against melting coin, at
Haigh, is omitted. The proclamation of
July 22nd, 1541, is surely Herbert's mistake
for Berthelet. Those of June 1st, 1548,
September 23rd, 1548, and February 14th,
1552, are in the library of the Society of
Antiquaries, though they do not appear in
the volume of facsimiles. The problems
connected with the Injunctions of 1547 and
the Book of Common Prayer are almost
insuperable. Hardly two copies are alike,
and, as Mr. McKerrow supposes, a constant
renewal of sheets must have been going on,
rather than an issue of entirely fresh editions.
Add to this that probably half a dozen
presses were at work, and all the elements
of a bibliographical puzzle are prepared.
Another interesting bibliography is that
of Reginald Wolfe, the Puritan printer, com-
piled by Mr. Pollard, who is also responsible
for articles on Richard Lant, Richard Rele,
William Middleton, Thos. Raynalde, John
Mayler, James Nycholson, Thomas Gibson,
and John Herford.
A Century of the English Book Trade :
Short Notices of all Printers, Stationers, Book-
binders, and others connected with it from the
Issue of the first Dated Book in 1457 to the
Incorporation of the Company of Stationers
in 1557. By E. Gordon Duff. (Biblio-
graphical Society.) — The publication of this
book is not the least of Mr. Gordon Duff's
services to bibliography, great as they have
been. His facts are always trustworthy, and
the deductions from them to be carefully
taken into account, even if they are not
accepted blindfold on his authority. An
interesting list of London signs of early
booksellers and printers is added. We have
noted above that we do not agree with Mr.
Duff's view as to the King's Printer's patent.
If a man is appointed printer to the king
without limit, his patent expires with the
king's death. All the patents after Mary
were for a term of years, thus obviating the
likelihood of any hiatus in the succession.
This valuable work will be of the greatest
use to all engaged in early English biblio-
graphy or interested in early English books.
Livraison 8 of U Art Typographiquc dans
les Pays Bas (1500-1540) has been issued
to the subscribers. It contains some very
fine woodcuts from Van der Noot's press at
Brussels; an interesting set of reproduc-
tions from Gauter of Gouda, with an armorial
device ; and a page from Naehte^al of
Schiedam, with a magnificent block from
the ' Camp van der doot,' 1503. There are
six sheets of Antwerp printers. One seems
to note that when they printed in French
they used type of French origin. As but
200 copies are issued, and the work is sold
only to Subscribers, we would call the atten-
tion of libraries to tins indispensable supple-
ment to Holtrop's ' Monuments Typo-
graphiques.'
oo<;
THE ATHKNiEUM
NM101, .1. nj. |, 1006
HEBREW 8CHOL IRSHIP.
77 . /• ' ! tia. Vol. XL iStttn-
fcm Tdlnml Hakatn. (Funk A Wagnalte.)
the ii.w Volume of this encyclopedia is
n..t behind its predeci ota In usefulness
and greal \iuiet v of interesting information.
Among the articles contributed by tat.
Joseph Jacobs are (huso on ' Spinoza,'
' Spam.' and ' Statistics.' The aeeount here
given of Spinoza and his philosophy is com-
prehensive enough, though kept within
judicious limits; and the illustrations —
including a coloured reproduction (as frontis-
piece) <>f the philosopher's portrait in the
n issession of the hlfrn. Mayer Sulzberger, of
Philadelphia, an account Dl which was given
in The Athenaeum for September Kith last
add a Special charm to the contribution.
Mr. Jacobs should not, however, have trans-
lated, on p. ")l", col. 2, tmnsiens, used by
Spinoza as the opposite of immanens, by
"' transient," which is an Opposite of " per-
manent." We need hardly stop to explain
why the usually adopted rendering, " tran-
scendent " or " transcendental," is correct,
though not literal. In the long article on
Sixain Mr. Jacobs has taken much trouble to
give full information on the many vicissitudes
of the Jews in that peninsula. The paper on
* Statistics ' deals with the distribution of the
Jewish population over different parts of
the globe. The entire number of Jews at a
point of time within the last few years is
given as 11,273,070. Of these 8,977,581 are
assigned to Europe, with 3,872,025 in Russia,
and 250,000 in the British Isles.
Among the Biblical subjects falling within
the compass of the volume are ' Samuel,'
1 Solomon,' and ' Saul of Tarsus.' The last-
named article is from the pen of Prof.
Kaufmann Kohler, who has made a special
study of Christianity in its relation to
Judaism. His view of the apostle will no
doubt be regarded by many as far too
severe. Mr. Israel Levi, of Paris, con-
tributes an article on Sirach, dealing, of
course, very largely with the much-contro-
verted Hebrew text of Ecclesiasticus. Among
the biographies that of the pseudo-Messiah
Shabbathai Zebi (1626-76) is the most
curious. In one of its aspects the history of
this mystic represents a phase of seventeenth-
century Zionism. The mystical side of the
subject reminds us of the useful paper on
' Sufism ' by M. Isaac Broydy, a member of
the editorial staff of the ' Encyclopaedia,'
who has done well to draw a parallel between
Persian and Jewish mysticism. The subject
deserves further investigation. The volume,
of course, abounds in matters relating to
Rabbinical lore, mediaeval and modern bio-
graphies, and geographical subjects. It would
not be difficult to point out shortcomings of
various kinds ; but the work as a whole is
very creditable and scholarly.
About Hebrew Manuscripts. By Elkan
Nathan Adler. (Frowde.) — Mr. Adler has
done well to reprint the essays contained
in this volume. By ' Some Missing Chapters
of Ben Sira,' with which the book opens,
the controversy regarding the original
Hebrew text of Ecclesiasticus is recalled to
our memory. The paper entitled ' Prof.
Blau on the Bible as a Book ' is a summary
by Mr. Adler of an important work in Ger-
man which was published in 1902. The
' Letter of Menasseh ben Israel,' which was
written in 1648, and is here given in the
original Spanish, with an English transla-
tion, treats on chronology, and contains at
the end a number of autobiographical
details. Special mention should also be
made of 'The Humours of Hebrew MSS.'
and ' Tho Romance of Hebrew Printing.'
Mr. Viler i- a BSSJoOl and \<i fal
collector of Hebrew mss., nnd h<- m
• iiimri oil the treasure, m his posHession.
Much of his work i . of cour-e, tentative;
but In' at the Mkne time provides very useful
material for further study. Besides the
facsimiles of the lb-brew IVn Sira nnd the
conclusion of Menasseh hen Israel's letter.
Mr. Adler _i\e- a photographic reproduction
of the same author's printed cougratulat ory
address to Queen Henrietta .Maria of Eng'
[and. Students will be grateful for I'rot.
Bacher's ' Zur iiidisch - persischen Littera-
tur,' which concludes the volume and gives
an excellent account of Hebrew -\'< -r-ian
MSS. in tho possession of Mr. Adler.
WhistOtCs Josephus. Kdited by I). S.
Margoliouth. (Koutledge & Sons.) — We
know from recent experience that the
Jewish historian may with profit be read
in schools. His work is now available
in a handy form. Dr. Margoliouth comes
to our aid with a well-edited issue of
all Josephus at the reasonable price of five
shillings. His editing consists chiefly of a
collation of Winston's translation with
Xiese and Von Destinon's Greek text, the
more serious discrepancies between text and
English version being rectified. In an Intro-
duction and some few notes the editor
summarizes
"the results of recent research on the works of
Josephus and those passages in them which attract
most readers' attention, with references to the
monographs in which each question is discussed."
Winston's notes are omitted. There is a
reasonable index to the volume.
The editor's Introduction is decidedly
piquant. He seems to treat his author
in exactly the right vein, now genially
discounting his marvellous exploits, now
politely doubting his veracity while enjoying
his romance. Thus (p. xi), brought before
Vespasian, Josephus declared that he had
some " private information from heaven for
the general's ear, which was that Vespasian
and his son Titus, then present, were to be
emperors." How was it that the prophet
did not also know that Vespasian's other
son, Domitian, would be emperor too ?
" The answer appears to be that during the joint
reign of Vespasian and Titus no one knew that
Domitian would succeed ; and since in the year 07
a message from Josephus to Vespasian telling him
he would be Roman emperor would have been as
hazardous as one (say) from (ieneral Cronje to
Field-Marshal Lord Roberts telling him he would
bo King of England, this story may be dismissed,
though repeated (not without considerable varia-
tions) by some pagan historians never indisposed
to recount marvels."
This rich vein of amused sarcasm crops out
here and there through the Introduction.
Indeed, we incline to think that Dr. Mar-
goliouth sometimes sails a point too near
the wind in his frolicsome little craft, though
it must be owned there are few tacks in which
her sprightliness does not raise a smile in
the spectator. We doubt whether this
caustic humour will not rather puzzle than
edify a large section of his probable readers.
We do not think it desirable that any modern
reader should bo allowed to hug Scaliger's
belief that Josephus " could more safely be
trusted than any pagan historian." How
was it the arch-critic allowed himself this
solecism ? We have lived since Peter
Brinch, who first exposed a goodly crop of
Josephus's errors and inconsistencies in 1699.
and sinco whose days, with the constant
growth of critical method, tho credit of
Josephus has steadily fallen. Though our
editor by no means withholds from his
author what he may justly claim, he belongs
to the line of Brinch and his successors.
Among the topics dealt with in the notes is
the ti tlli.ollV Ot Jo-ophu». to Je-iOS < hfi-t.
The |>l\ot ot tin' Kllbjeet i* the BMN
' Ant.. .Will. in. :t. cited bj I.
and found in «ll Greek and Latin MSS. of
Josephus. The literature of the |
extensive to disouss here. On the q
whether the whole or part ot tic |
is a fabrication Dr. liargotiouth BtSVl
opinions of the latest and most authoritative
writers, like Vfu
Das Viet Jehovahs: tin huUur) I her
Essay. Von Ernst Hetibrofin. (Berlin,
Kciiner. )— This i- an ii I g and well-
written little book, combining a eonsfti
amount of scholarship with much poetic
feeling. The chupter on the fauna of
rale-tin.- is based an Prof. Homo
' Namen der Saugetiere bn i den Budsemi-
tischen Volkern." Among the other mat |
dealt with are " clean and unclean animal- "
(omit ting the question of tot e> i ii-ni), "animals*
in fable," " vampires," and " po< tic ftimil*
The entire subject is very interesting, and
deserving of fuller treatment. We should
more particularly like to see an exhaustive
work on the cult of animals among diverse
races. Egypt would, of course, come much
to the fore.
SHORT OTORIES.
Blazed Trail Stories. Bv Stewart Edward
White. (Hodder & Stoughton.)— The forest
lands of North America represent the
extensive field with which Mr. White has
chosen to concern himself as a writer of
fiction ; and the forest workers — lumber-
men, hunters, and trappers — are his cha-
racters. His choice is wise, for we gather
that he was almost born a student of the
forest. It is more familiar to him than
their streets are to townsmen, and the
blazed trail is both highway and signpost
for him. The Michigan timber-lands have
furnished material and to spare for this
baker's dozen of tales ; we find the half-
wild men of the lumber camps at work and
at play, in all their primitive simplicity.
Here and there we are shown aspects of their
life in snow-bound solitudes, in which they
are very closely akin to the wolves and
other savage creatures that patrol the wilds
between them and the nearest haunts of
other men. Again, there are pictures of
those simple kinds of heroism, of passionate
devotion to duty, and of ungrudging, matter-
of-course self-sacrifice which serve to divide
the human from the brute creation. Mr.
White does his work well and impressively,
and presents notable character-sketches —
the riverman, the scaler, the foreman, the
prospector, among others.
Red Records. By Alice Pen-in. (Cbatto
A Windus.) — Mrs. Perrin began with a book
called 'East of Suez,' which, though entirely
an echo of Mr. Kipling, by n.O means lacked
interest and vigour. In two other volumes
she has shown ability to think and observe
for herself, where the people of the Anglo-
Indian world are concerned; and here %<•>
have further evidence of the same gift, lv
may well bo that if we had never had ' Plain
Tales from the Hills ' there would have been
no ' Bed Records," but it is none the less
true that we have here perfectly genuine
observation and a number of independently
Conceived situations ; while in the matter
of diction Mrs. renin has made considerable
advance. In writings dealing with the natives
of India (and most of these stories are eon-
corned with natives and their relations with
the sahib-log) it is perhaps natural that
destiny should play a prominent part. But
this volume suffers somewhat from its
N° 4101, June 2, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
667
author's insistence upon the fatalistic element.
It shuts out the unexpected, and wearies the
reader a little, by reason of its hopelessness
and lack of relief. Life is much less logical
and more varied than it appears in most of
these stories. Mrs. Perrin has a genuine
dramatic gift, which is worth cultivating.
Parson Brand, and other Voyagers' Tales.
By L. Cope Cornford. (E. Grant Richards.)
— Mr. Cornford has a strong and nervous
style, and he looks, for choice, upon the
sterner side of life. The present collection
of stories (some of them magazine reprints)
sufficiently testifies to his bent and ability.
Another characteristic is his strongly anti-
clerical bias, also exhibited in most of these
tales of adventure. Parson Brand himself
is a savage old sea-dog and slaver, who in
the year 1759 finds a bishop to ordain him
to the exercise of functions which he regards
as akin to those of a skipper, with a code of
the strictest sort to be administered. He
compels his son Martin to the same profession,
and on that young man preferring love-
making to theology, combines with the
lady's father to have him pressed for the
navy. One of the best things in the book
is the way in which the lieutenant of the
press-gang turns the tables on the elegant
conspirator Sir Anthony Vaughan, the father
of Sabrina, the lady in question. Hard as
he is, there is much that is pathetic in the
Parson's inarticulate tenderness, and his
son's recognition is complete when a terrible
vengeance for a terrible deed strikes down
the most remarkable of fathers. ' The Man
from Helgoland,' ' King Alfred's Mariner
Othere,' and ' The Luck of Lindisfarne ' are
good stories, involving cynicism at the ex-
pense of Saxon monks. ' The Apostle of
Port Royal ' indicates that the casual
preacher who wrought so remarkable an
•effect on the life of the young Mere Angelique
had really come on his own errand to steal
the pyx — surely an excess of secularist
humour. Other stories have varying merits,
but all are well written, with an acrid flavour
whicli will be variously esteemed. Next to
a priest, the writer seems to hate a negro.
Simple Annals. By M. E. Francis.
(Longmans & Co.) — We are rather dis-
appointed with this vohime of short stories
by Mis. Francis Blundell : none of them
reaches the high level which the best of
' Dorset Dear ' attained, though ' Madame
Felicien ' and ' The Breadwinner ' are pretty
and effectively told. The scene is not con-
fined to Dorset : there are several talcs of
Lancashire life, and one takes us to Ireland ;
but somehow the humour and the sympathy
with country folk seem less spontaneous,
the characterization more vague, and the
simplicity more laboured The author has
been so successful in the past in this style —
notably in 4 The Manor Farm ' — that we
should much regret to think that she was
content with a lower standard ; yet none
can know better than she docs how diffi-
cult a task she is setting herself to strike
the right note of pathos and simplicity in
these talcs of the country-side.
An IJiJulii Person. By Ella Macmahon.
(Chapman <fe Hall.) — The first and longest
<rf fourteen stories gives its name to this
volume. The motive? of ' An Elderly Person'
uel. though the treatment is not unkind.
Bui here motive outweighs treatment, and
impression left on the mind would be
deep silliness, were the thing only a little
more delicately conceived and cunningly
framed. As it stands, it misses the in-
tolerable note sometimes struck in modern
-ton... A Variety <>f sentiments is more
or lesH successfully introduced into the
other stories. A greater lefUBfl of proportion
and fewer touches of the obvious would have
been beneficial.
In Around the Camp Fire, by Charles
G. D. Roberts (Harrap & Co.), we have
half a dozen characters, including the
narrator — American hunters all, and lovers
of camp life. Their garrulity is marvellous
— only less so, indeed, than the fertility of
Mr. Roberts's imagination. The six men
tell hunters' stories one to another, with
never a break, through more than three
hundred pages. There are close upon fifty
stories in all, and each one describes a sepa-
rate and generally dramatic incident. The
average story-writer would be moved almost
to tears by contemplation of Mr. Roberts's
prodigality ; for here is material which
might easily have been made to fill ten
volumes. Naturally, perhaps, the tales are
not distinguished by any particular literary
merit ; but, where an author has been so
generous (so recklessly generous, one might
say) with his incident, it seems ungracious
to quarrel with the guise in which he presents
it. These hunters' yarns are all exciting
and plausible, while their scope is almost
as wide as the continent in which their
scenes are laid. But we know from Mr.
Roberts's past work that with more care he
could do better.
Stories of Red Hanrahan. By William
Butler Yeats. (Dundrum, Dun Eraer Press.)
— This little volume, with the other produc-
tions of the Dun Emer Press, has great claims
on the public, as being one of the pioneers
in the attempt to bring Ireland into rank
with the modern movements of art. It is
an attempt to perpetuate the new ideals of
fine printing. These books are printed on a
specially made Irish paper of good quality,
the presswork is very satisfactory, and the
type is good. If we might advise the Press,
it would be to be more careful as to " register."
In first-class work any pages not in perfect
register should be ruthlessly thrown on one
side. The red is rather unsatisfactory. The
woodcut of the four suits is good.
We should have been glad to write at
length of the subject-matter of the book, in
which, it appears to us, Mr. Yeats lias
touched his highest point as a prose writer.
Several of the stories are familiar to readers
of ' The Secret Rose,' but in rewriting them
for the purpose of tlvs book he has attained
a noble simplicity and directness which the
overwTOught ornament of that book made
impossible. It is this simplicity of diction
which has exalted ' Hanrahan's Vision '
from a fine rhetorical exercise to a little
masterpiece of the romantic spirit. If
Mr. Yeats had never published a line of
verse, he might rest a claim to immortality
on these ' Stories of Red Hanrahan.'
The Sign of the Golden Fleece. By David
Lyall. (Hodder & Stoughton.) — This is a
collection of blameless little tales of pious
Dissenting folk in the region of Canonbury —
drab in colouring, as befits the atmosphere,
and exempt from the note of aggressive
Nonconformity. Miss Bothia is a loving
and charitable old maid, who acts the part
of a petty providence to all sorts and con-
ditions of neighbours. How she softens and
subdues the buckram self-sufficiency of Mr.
Tredgold, the retired tradesman and small
landlord, is well told, and the exploit results
in a tenderness in her gentle heart that adds
pathetic grace to her easy death, which
concludes the volume. As to characteriza-
tion, it is obvious that the writer can detect
individuality even in the most eommonplu( <
of classes; and < ho lights and shades are
gently graduated, the domestic "general"
pro\iding most of the originality.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Few writers of modern fiction can have
received such a tribute to their importance
and popularity as is implied in the issue of
an edition de luxe of their work while it is
still a new book in its ordinary form. Messrs.
Smith, Elder & Co. have just sent us Fen-
wick's Career in two volumes, beautifully
printed in clear type on luxurious paper.
The edition is limited to 250 copies, and Mr.
Sterner's remarkable drawings fully deserve
the honour of being printed on Japanese
vellum. He has the rarest of appreciations,
praise from the author. On May 12th we
gave a long notice of the book. We need
now only repeat our verdict that it is
" thoroughly enjoyable," and that it deserves
the careful and leisurely reading which its
latest form suggests.
The Clarendon Press publish The King's
English, a book less amusing than a similar
publication of the late reign, but one which
we think useful. No difficulty would be
found, we imagine, by the press reader of The
Athenosum in discovering points where he
and many skilled specialists might differ
from the compilers. It would be easy for
others to turn them into ridicule, for tastes
differ, and their own style may not be without
blemish. We fancy we detect an unusual
number of intensive and unnecessary ' 'qui tes.' '
We are, howTever, grateful to all who take
up the subject, and the compilers of this
volume have displayed an industry whicli
is commendable. Although accused by
some of pedantry and by others of mistakes,
they will obtain a general assent for most
of their conclusions. It is, on the surface,
inconvenient that they should draw a
great majority of their examples of sup-
posed error from a limited number of
sources, and those somewhat oddly chosen.
The Times figures on every page, but no
attempt has been made to distinguish
between sentences for which the editors
of The Times are responsible and phrases
used in letters in circumstances which
forbade interference by an editor. Mr.
Morley and Mr. Bryce are scarcely treated
with Respect when placed alongside of
Dickens, Mr. Kipling, and other writers
who, for one reason or another, are not set
up to the world as stylists. Among those
roughly handled is J. R. Green. The
writers are not without a sense of humour,
though it does not cause every page to
sparkle. An attempt by a critic to consider,
at one time, Mr. Sidney Lee, Charles Elton.
Prof. Bradley, and Prof. Campbell as Shak-
spearean scholars, while the title of one of
the four books quoted involves the drama
of the two greatest Greeks, leads to the
following remark : —
" The writer has thoroughly puzzled himself.
He cannot call Shakespeare Shakespeare, because
there is ft Shakespeare just before; he cannot call
him he, because six other persona in the sentence
have claims upon he : and lie ought not to call him
th dramatist, because Aeschylus and Sophocles
were dramatists too. We know, of oourse, which
dramatist is meant, just as we should have known
which hi was meant ; but the appropriation is
awkward in either ease. 77c dramatist is no
doubt the best thing Under the circumstances;
hut when matters are brought to such a pass that.
we can neither call a man by his own name, nor
use a pjPonoUB, nor identify him by means of his
profession, it is time to remodel the sentence.
The split Infinitive is not forced upon our
attention, and we agree that it
"has taken such hold upon the consciences of
journalists that, instead of warning the no\
against splitting his inliintives, we must warn
him against the curious superstition that the
Bplitting or not Splitting makes the ihtlerenCO
)«etwe«'ii a good and a bad writer."
Til E AT1I KNM1UM
N * 1 "1 , Juice 2, 1906
I [Ml Ol ' 't li.i \ i- I •< • 1 1 ij'li •! ■ I I
from our two |p relists.
The i Me < t " will " and " --hall " i
upon which we have been driven to dwell
in oui aotioci of many Australian and
American books. Scotch and [nab. writer*
generally conform to English practice,
although in Bpeech the Scutch and llisli
are offenders upon this point. In Australia
tin- oonfuaion, aa we think it. has become
complete, and is now recognized by altera-
tion from tin- correct or English fashion to
tlial which we think incorrect, in the speeches
of accomplished orators when recorded in
the pages of the official " Hansards." Our
authors rightly preface the rules which thej
Btato al Length by the following remark : —
" It i- unfortunate t li.it the idiomatic use, while
it oomea by nature to southern Englishmen (who
will find most of this section superfluous), is bo
OOmpUoated that those who are not to the manner
bom can hardly acquire it ; and for them the
m is in danger ox being useless."
Quotations of error from Admiral Mahan,
from Mr. W. B. Yeats, and from Oscar
Wilde are subject to our caution as to Irish
and American laxity upon this question.
Other passages which are redeemed by
humour are worth quotation, e.g.,
" When the advert iseincnt columns otter us what
they call uniqtu opportunities, it may generally he
assumed with safety that they are lying; but lying
is not in itself a literary offence."
The popular use of " aggravate," in the
wrong sense, is, we think, a growth from
early Victorian humour through Sam Weller ;
but the authors quote an example of " the
notorious vulgarism."' which "inevitably
lays a writer open to suspicion," from another
work of Dickens, in which the novelist,
writing in his own person, falls into the
mistake of describing " the unfortunate
youth " as " greatly aggravated." A defence
of " reliable " is not new. A research into
" formations " yields a protest against first
presenting the Romans with a word for which
they had no necessity, and then borrowing
it from them. This remark may be gene-
ralized. There are many " French " words
and phrases commonly used in England
which do not happen to be French. There
are still more " English " words and phrases
used in French novels which have never
been known in England. " Amoral,"
quoted from a recent review of a novel in
The Times, is discussed as though it were
used as an English word or as a sham Greek
or Latin word ; but the writer no doubt
used it as French. Although of bastard
origin, it is undoubted modern French : a
fact which, like some others connected with
the French language, lias escaped the re-
searches of the authors. The word " morale,"
in its military sense, is discussed as though
it were sham French. It comes to us, as
rman sham-French, directly from the
German military writers.
Our judgment as to words which have
ceased to be slang does not agree in all cases
with the doctrine of this volume, but the
Subject is one upon which no two writers
or critics will form precisely the same
opinion. We do not think that the verb
'"to laze" has become so usual as seems
to be supposed. On the other hand, "a
record price" and "a boom" are useful, if
not necessary, and will live. "Banal" is an
Anglo-Norman foudal term, as the authors
tell us; but it is also a feudal term of Franc, .
still used in its proper sense in French law.
The modern use of " banal,"' adopted from
French by us, has not made the word an
English word, and it is still a foreigner, not
naturalized, as are some of the others with
which we find it classed. The authors are
human, in spite of what some may think
their tendency to be over-nice, and in their
discussion of '■nice,'' m it-, decline,
frank expression to this easygoing vien
" .1 irj'ull i/ mi, i- an I i than which liu
oould be ullior ; but to nave Buooaaded in going
through life nritbout laying >' a oertain numb*
tunc. i . ,i- bad .i to have no rede* ming \ I •
The leafl accomplished of the report.
newspaper staffs are sometimes responsible
for the alteration of good colloquial English,
not wholly unknown even in the IJou-e ol
Commons, into forms which are rightly
pilloried in this volume. A meml,.
It is -me to .jet out " : which is unobjec-
tionable. But the reporters write " tran-
spire," classed in the volume with "plaein
and "antagonize." We differ, however,
from the compilers, and think " placate "
a better word than the verbs among which
it has been put. In a criticism of Mr. E. F.
Benson for a wanton use of the French word
lathe the compilers state that taclie means
stain, and suggest that this is the word
which should have been employed. We are
sorry to say that they are wrong. In the
phrase " faire tache," common among the
best French art critics, the sense is not
exactly to be expressed in the English
language, and it is in that sense that it is
used in the sentence emoted from Mr. Benson.
" Entente " is named as a " diplomatic "
word which " may pass." It is hardly
necessary. When made use of by diplo-
matists the word is exactly equivalent to our
diplomatic " understanding."
The Naval Annual for 1906, edited by
Mr. John Leyland and Mr. T. A. Brassey,
and published by Messrs. Griffin, of Ports-
mouth, is as interesting as usual — perhaps
more so. There is an article on the literature
of the Trafalgar Centenary, and one by Mr.
Thursfield on the attack and defence of
commerce, which are outside the ordinary
annual contributions on strength, foreign
navies, engineering, reserves, gunnery, and
such points. Mr. Thursfield in his clear
and excellent essay adopts the view which
we bad already put forward in reviewing
various publications, and supports the con-
clusions arrived at by the Food Supply
Commission. Nothing more reassuring to
this country has appeared in recent times,
and we feel convinced that the favourable
view is based on sound reasoning.
Gaelic Names of Beasts, Birds, Fishes,
Insects, and Reptiles. By A. R. Forbes.
(Edinburgh, Oliver & Boyd.) — There is
" fine confused feeding " in this book. The
author deserves the credit of compiling from
every printed source all the equivalents in
Gaelic of every name treated, including,
one would think, nearly every proverb
or local saying about it. He has also
obtained an enormous number of English
and Lowland provincial synonyms. The
value of these is doubtful, although we
have noted with interest many rustic
variants properly applied. But the plan
of accepting every suggestion must lead,
in a work on so large a scale, to a good deal
of erroneous nomenclature, apart from the
application of the same name to different
species in many parts of the country. Mr.
Forbes has deliberately rejected the use of
the usual scientific Latin (or, as he calls
them, "classical") names, which might
have served as a corrective to false classifica-
tion.
To learn that a snipe is called a wren in
some pArts of England, and that the Gaelic.
gabhar-adhair is applied both to the snipe
and the nightjar, might raise confusion in
the infant mind, to say nothing of that of
the teacher, to whom Mr. Forbes thinks his
work may be useful. It may very well be
so as a storehouse of information, but is not
• ii- cnoujh to lx- u xt-
book prr as. Although it i- in form a
dictionary, an index, too, would have much
enhanced it u -, tubnss.
Tin tn t pari of the hook, the Gaelie-
Engll'ah VOCaonlai full and accurate ;
hut it hi the wealth of illustrative folk-lore,
and the poetic and pro\ ' rhial references,
that make the second part, the Knglidi-
Gaelio, in spite of tin- fear ahoftoomu
have indicated, a valuahle hatidhook to any
Celtic student, and a OOnHH for refer
t In- num. ' hjel in di-tant land-.
To go a little into detail : Tin- eat, wild
and domestic, u the subject of thy
proverbs, not a few of them, as through-
out the book, being derived from the late
Sheriff Nioolson'fl well-known collection.
" Tigh gun chat, tigh gun ghean gun ghaire "'
its the value of the animal to the cheer-
fulness of a house. Another saying, "K>
the cat turning," refers to the horrid practice
of the Taghairm, or divination by the cat.
Cattle, of course, are sure to be celebra-
by a pastoral race, and " I took my milch-
cows to the fold. With me to-day, from
me to-morrow," gives a view of these
possessions in the " lifting " times.
But the deer and the dog were nearer the
hearts of the old warriors. Of course Oi-
(the fawn) and his mother the hind inspire
their song, and some traditional verses
collected by the author's father are mentioned
in reference to ' Oisein an deigh na Feinne.'
(Apparently Mr. Forbes is still a believer
in Macplierson's Gaelic.) The famous
' Chrodh-Chailein,' referred to by Burns,
is given here, with a version by Mrs. Grant
of Laggan in delightfully old-fashioned
English (the strongest possible contra-t to
the Gaelic original) : —
Oh Colin, my darling, my pleasure, my pride,
While the flocks of nch shenherd.s are grazing so wife,
Begudleea I view them, unheeded the swains
Whose herds scattered round me adorn the green plain-.
Their offers I hear, and their plenty 1
But what are their wealth and their offers to me,
While the light-bounding roes and the wild mountain deer
Are the tattle of Colin, my hunter, my di
We must omit quotations from Donnachadh
Ban, the laureate of the deer, and pass to
minor celebrants, to the topic of the hound,
to Bran and Luath, and McPhee's black
dog of Colonsay. Here is a wealth of
allusion we have no space to follow.
In the introductory remarks on birds it
is odd to find our author speaking of Mont-
gomerie's ' The Cherrie and the Slae ' as an
old " Glasgow " publication. The first edi-
tion of that classic was put forth in Edinburgh
in 1597, some fifteen years before the author's
death. The Glasgow versions are of the
eighteenth century. To that century it is
probably due that Macpherson has no refer-
ence to song-birds. Among many apposite
quotations, Duncan Ban's notice of the
robin's knack of posing " le moran uinicb,"
with much " business," might have been
cited. But it is rarely indeed that a good
thing is omitted. For sympathetic know-
ledge of the lesser creatures, wide reading of
his subject, and hearty patriotism few can
equal this pleasant writer. He has acknow-
ledged his debts to the lamented "Nether
Loohaber "and Mr . Carmichael ; and perhaps
the name of Mr. Charles Fergusson might
have been added. But. as we have said.
he has admitted suggestions very widely.
In another edition some of these might
be omitted, especially in the field of ety-
mology. His good Roimh-radh. or fore-
word, concludes happily with MacMhaighstir
Alasdair's prediction : —
Mhair i fos. 's cha teid a gloir air ehall,
Dh'aindeoin go is mi-ran mo* nan call.
" The malice of the Lowlander," we are
glad to think, is becoming a thing of the past
N°4101, June 2, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
669
among educated people, while the knowledge
of the old speech is " enduring yet." So no
false shame need cause the modern Gael to
disavow his native tongue.
Jungle Trails and Jungle People. By
Caspar Whitney. (Werner Laurie.) — In ' A
Confession, Sometimes called " Foreword "
or " Preface," ' Mr. Whitney informs us of
the " underlying motive " which prompted
the journeys recorded in his readable book :
" The wilderness in its changeful tempers, the
pathless jungle, the fascination of finding your
way, of earning your food, of lying down to sleep
beyond the guarding night stick of the policeman,
— these are the things I sought in the larger world
of which our conventionalized smaller one is but
the gateway. To pass through this gateway,
to travel at will, by my own exertions, and un-
chaperoned, and to tell you in my halting style
something of the human and brute life which I
saw in the big world — that is why I went into the
wondrous Far East, into India, Sumatra, Malay,
and Siam."'
The " underlying motive " of the book, we
should have thought, consisted in the illus-
trations, which are numerous and of the
first quality. The style, instead of being
halting, has the rapid stride of an expert
American journalist, and, in spite of occa-
sional disfigurements, the author has pro-
duced a work of considerable interest to the
general reader, and painted some pictures
of Eastern manners and character unfamiliar
to those who live in the smaller world of the
West.
Of the eleven chapters which make up the
volume the first deals with ' The King's
Mahout,' and very clever is the sketch of
Choo Poh Lek, who " took up the double life
of elephant catching and the more prosaic, if
profitable, occupation of rattan trading "
till he became one of his Majesty's elephant
drivers. The account of the King's annual
elephant hunt is written with spirit. Ele-
phant catching in Siam differs materially,
as the author states, in procedure and diffi-
culties from catching elephants in India.
In Siam it is an easier game, because the
region over which they roam is much more
confined than in India ; and as the so-called
hunt is a periodical event of many years'
standing, large numbers of jungle elephants
have been rounded up and coralled so com-
paratively often as to have become semi-
tame. The Siamese elephant belongs to the
Asiatic species, which in size both of body
and tusks is inferior to the African.
"Of the Asiatic, the Siamese averages neither so
large as the Indian nor so small as the Malayan ;
and sometimes its ivory compares favorably with
thai of any species. The largest tusk ever taken
from a Siamese elephant measures !) feet 10§ inohes
in length, and eight inches in diameter at the base,
and is now in the Royal Museum at Bangkok."
It is hardly necessary to inform even an
inhabitant of the Western world that " the
elephant is not a fast traveller, though he
is sure and of enormous strength." There
is, however, one fact regarding the Asiatic
elephant which is not generally known :
twice round the base of his foot is the
measure of Id's height.
In the chapter ' Through the Klawngs of
Siam ' we have an interesting sketch of the
physical features of that marvellous land,
and of the social life and the customs of the
people. The great feature of Siam is its
magnificent system of rivers, tho principal
"I which is the Menam Chow-Fhya, com-
monly called Menam (Meinam Mr. Whitney
spells it), the mother of rivers, on which
Bangkok is situated, thirty-five miles from
Siam. Tn fact, the main thoroughfare of
tho city is the Menam Chow-Phya, and hence
Bangkok has been called the Venice of tho
East. But, as tho writer states, though
Bangkok has a very large floating population
and the city is intersected by many Klawngs,
or canals, " yet the larger half of Bangkok's
four hundred thousand citizens lives on land,
though the easiest means of travel through
much of the city is by boat, and in fact half
of it is reached in no other way."
It was through a series of Klawngs and
tributary rivers that the author was piloted
to Rathburi, where lived Phra Ram,
"the governmental chief of the line separating
Burma from Siam, the King's representative to
the Karens — jungle folk living on both sides the
boundary, and an official before whom the common
people prostrated themselves, }'et was he none the
less Siamese."
Phra Ram was an Oriental born to command
respect : —
"despite a cross in his left eye, Phra Ram carried
a certain air of distinction, which he supported
imperiously in intercourse with his people. He
was about fifty years of age, with a generous
stomach, an assortment of wives, and a pair
of gray oloth, black-buttoned spats he had got
from a (4erman on one of his occasional trips to
Bangkok, and which he wore, over bare feet, only
when in full dress."
Phra Ram guided the writer to a Karen
settlement, where he engaged men for his
buffalo hunt on the Burmese border. A
chapter is devoted to ' Hunting with the
Karens.' It is interesting, but the writer's
descriptions of his adventures lack vigour
and force. They are evidently written by
a clever man who is not a born shikari.
Not the least interesting chapter in the
book is the one on the 'Human Tree-Dwellers '
who are to be found in the jungle tangle of
interior Malay. These men of the woods —
or Sakais, as more commonly they are known
— are the aborigines of Malaya, and to be
found in the greatest numbers in the northern
part of Perak : —
"Thej' are a smallish people, though not dwarfish
or so small as the Negritos of the Philippine Islands,
of lighter complexion than the Malays, though not
nearly so pleasing to the eye. Indeed, they are far
from comely. They have no idols, no priests, no
places or things of worship, no written language,
and their speecli is a corrupted form of Malay.
They live in small settlements, invariably in trees
if in the jungle, with no tribal head."
The final chapter, ' The Trail of the Tiger,'
is of interest, but contains nothing new.
Trial of Madeleine Smith. Edited by
A. Duncan Smith. (Sweet & Maxwell.) —
We confess to having approached the perusal
of this volume — tho first in a promised series
of " Notable Scottish Trials "—Math con-
siderable distaste. Of course, it is ex-
pedient that members of tho criminal bar
should have easy access to full reports of
great trials ; but surely these are open to
them at all times in the official records and
law libraries. And tho editor of this volume
shows pretty plainly that he is not working
for an exclusively professional circle of
readers. In giving a " correct reproduction"
of the correspondence of the accused,
Madeleine Smith, he says that the term is
used " subject to slight omissions here and
there, deemed by the editor desirable
because of the indelicato nature of the
portions omitted." Such portions were not
withheld, wo presume, from tho court or
tho jury ; but they are considered by the
editor — rightly enough, no doubt — unsuit-
able for a public which is invited to con-
template tho sickening details of a case of
prolonged poisoning, prefaced by extracts
from the contemporary press describing the
personal appearanco of the prisoner, her
behaviour in the dock, her dress, her meals
in prison, and other minute points which
have not the slightest bearing upon tho legal
B pect of the trial.
The story is described by Mr. Duncan
Smith in his Introduction as " tragic and
romantic." Granted the tragedy, where
does the romance come in ? The daughter
of a respectable Glasgow citizen, an architect
" of good social standing," conducted an
illicit amour with a French clerk in a neigh-
bouring warehouse. Their clandestine meet-
ings continued for eighteen months, when
there appeared on the scene a desirable
suitor, whose proposal of marriage was
accepted by Miss Smith and approved by
her parents. The young lady naturally
wished to get back from L'Angelier, the
French clerk, the numerous letters in which
she had expressed her passion and referred
to the nature of their intimacy without a
trace of reserve. The Frenchman not only
declined to return these compromising
letters, but also threatened to disclose them
to Miss Smith's father and her betrothed,
in order that the engagement might be broken
off. Then Madeleine dissimulated. In the
early part of 1857 she feigned reconciliation
with L'Angelier, admitted him to an
interview by night on February 19th,
persuaded him that she was not engaged
to anybody, and on the morning of
the 20th he was found by his landlady
writhing with pain on his bedroom floor.
To Miss Perry, who, unconscious of its"
real nature, was confidante and go-between
in this amour, L'Angelier said, " I can't
think why I was so unwell after getting that
coffee and chocolate from her [meaning
Madeleine Smith]."
The extraordinary part of the affair is
that the accused—" the panel," as she was
termed in Scottish legal phraseology — escaped
conviction. The illicit amour — the hys-
terical appeals of the girl for the return of
her letters — the feigned reconciliation and
renewed meetings— none of these points
could be, nor was, disputed in the defence ;
neither was it denied that she had bought
arsenic three times during tho very weeks
that L'Angelier had suffered from symptoms
of arsenical poisoning, nor that arsenic was-
found in the stomach of the deceased.
Madeleine Smith escaped through a loop-
hole which exists not for prisoners at an
English bar.
It is no reflection upon the integrity of
the jury to suppose that they availed them-
selves of a technically defective link to
avoid sending a young, beautiful, and accom-
plished woman to the gallows. Since the
days of Phryne, courts of justice have never
been absolutely insensible to feminine
charms — never will be, so long as judges and
juries are drawn only from the other sex.
When the jury retired to consider their
verdict on the ninth day of this trial, they
were absent only half an hour. By a
majority of 13 to 2 (Scottish juries are com-
posed of fifteen members), they found a
verdict of " not guilty " on the first count,
which charged tho prisoner witli administer-
ing poison in February, and of " not proven 'r
on the other two counts, which charged her
with administering the same on subsequent
dates.
Anybody reading tho evidence can hardly
have any moral doubt as to this woman's
deliberate guilt ; but it is fair to add that
the Lord Justice Clerk concurred in tin
verdict " not proven."
Surrey and Sussex: Camden's Britannia.
( Reigate Tress. Surrey.) — This quarto volume
of some seventy pa^es is, wo understand, tho
first venture of the Reigate Press, South
Park, Reigate, and is printed by Messrs.
William Bernard Adeney and John Madden.
It is a fine example of modern hand-printing
lifter the old style. Tho typo is delightfully
clear, and affords most pleasurable reading.
670
THE ATHKN7KUM
N°41oi, Juke 3, 1006
Wiliimi i t 'iiupii ii. tip Cather oi local l > > -« < "> .
■iirst ianutt) Ins ' Ihituiiiiiu.' the result <>f
fifteen yean1 labour, in 1080, hi tim Latin
ttin^'iK'. 'I'ho book "i once attained t*> Buch
welT-merited (am* i'i"t three othei Latin
editioni were issued in the oourae of threa
\.ai . Tin' sixth edition (each buocc
ie being "" irapjovernenl "" it i l"
daceasor) appeared in Kin", it was tliis
sixth isbin" which l>r. i'liilfiium I ! < >lla!ut
oslated into pure Elizabethan English in
1010 ; and it is from Holland's edition t hut
tho preeeni reprint of the, parts pertaining
to Surrey unci Sussex is produced, Jrro-
ctive <>f 1 1 n ■■ cinuiu of die typography
and tlic ehfliCfl suvour of the English, this
is a desirable hook ; for tho various editions
of Camden are usually exceedingly eumber-
ae, whereas those interested in Surrey
and Sussex will find this volume light to
hold as well as ploasant to read. It is of
much interest to contrast tho state of parts
of these counties thrto centuries ago with
that which now prevails. Thus Bexhill,
tho newest of watering-places, whoso charms
and length of sunshine are set forth on every
modern hoarding, had even then a tradition
of having been once " much frequented."
Says Camden : —
"Now to rctuine to the Sea-coast ] about three
miles iroin I'euensey is Beckes-hill, a place much
frequented by Saint Richard Bishop of Chichester,
and where he died."'
Mr. Humphreys has added to his excellent
" Royal Library " an English translation
of Renan's Life of Christ. We noticed it
at length in 1863, when it first appeared.
At the present day, if it were a new book,
its O] unions would not make a sensation ;
but it retains its charm as a masterpiece of
style, and a wonderful realization of the cha-
racters and conditions of the first Apostles.
The translation, to which no name is ap-
pended, is very readable.
The " Punch Library of Humour," edited
by J. A. Hammerton, consists of excellent
selections of Mr. Punch at the Seaside, Air.
Punch's Railway Book, and Mr. Punch on
the Continong, taken from the half a century
and more of our celebrated contemporary.
It is a social record no less than a treasury of
jest and illustration. The volumes are sure
to be much thumbed, so we think it a pity
that the paper boards of two of them should
come off at the first handling. The resources
of the Amalgamated Press, the publishers,
surely include a decent binding, which
readers often get now for their shilling.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Theology.
•\ngus (s.). The Sources of the First Ten Books of
Augustine's De Civitate Dei, Idol.
Barwefi (J. W.), Science, the Mind ; Revelation, the Heart
of God, Sfioeate.
Brown (1>- B.\ The Home of Faith, 3/0 net
Essays for the Times, Nos. (i to I<$, <;</. net each.
Gladstone (J. P.), Should Christians make Fortunes? 2/ net.
Jones (It. M.X The Double Search : Atonement and Prayer,
2 net.
Literary Illustrations of the Bible : St Matthew, 1 6 net
Lockyei(T. F ), The truest of Faith, 2/ net
Meyer (F. 15.), The Soul's Pure lutcniion, 2/6 net
Nell (Rev. ('.), The Biblical Elucidator: The Pauline
Epistles, in t: net.
Smith (GoldWin), In Quest of Light, 4 net
Swann (X. E. E.), New Lights on the old Faith, :!/ net.
Walker (W. L.), Christian Theism and a Spiritual Monism,
9/
Ward (Hev. F W. ().). The Keeper of the Kcvs, :./ net,
Wright (ltev. C. II. II.), The Rook of Isaiah, and other
Historical studies, 0 net
Young (J. X The Christ oi History, Cd.
Lair.
Law of Charities and Mortmain, by L. S, Biistowe and
Others, 45 net.
Pixley(F. W.)and fellows (R. B.). Auditors, tlieir Duties
and Responsibilities: Part 2, Auditors under the Cecal
Oovernnient Acts, ,v.e., 20/ net
Spirit of our Laws, .">, net.
line, Vol \ I Pari in I 6 net.
( 111,. Il (C. ). M Pattl I (Mill • • t
(i.itliti 'H /. I hi i», lei MynUrio*, Ruliu, and Museum,
to i
Quids t.. si din. II I... ii. I. .ii, I
Johnson ( w . > ,iii.l Wright (Wj, Nwolitaii Man in Nartkv
i
Moon HI I. Itemiuix ell. es of the I ln|,l • — ii.Jii^t 1'.. iliti-l »,
1 llet.
Norfolk Antiquari .n Misoellany, Second * ■ P it I.,
edited by W. I: •
Paris s.iioii, in.: ilogue, 3/
Pictorial Loudon Views of th« Mucin, Public Buildings,
Pari
Suffolk Institute of Arcnwology, Proceeding*, VeJ. XII.
Part ll.
Thames and its story, from the CoUwoldt to the Nore, c/
Poetry and the Dram".
B.ivley (ll.), The Shakespeare Symphony. 12 8 net
C.il.leion: Eight Dramas, freely translated by K. Fitz-
Qerald, New Edition, I net.
Dieu (K.), msanndm n.nd other Poemi
Duff (D.). An Exposition of Browning's Sonlello, Id | net
English Masques, Introduction by ll. A. Evans,
English Pastorals, Introduction by E. K. Chamhei
English Satires, Introduction by <». Smeaton, | |
Euglisb Talcs in Verse, Introduction by CL 11. Uerford,
Farrell (J.), How He Died, and other Poems, .' net.
(;... the's [pbtgeueia in Tauris, translated by E. D. Dowden,
l/net.
Could ((i.), Lyrics, l/net
Lawson (IL), When I was King, and other Verses, 3 0 net.
New march (R.), Songs to a Singer, and other Verses,
5/ net
Paterson (A. B.), The Old Bush Songs, 2/6 net.
Summers (J.), Oliver Cromwell, Drama in Five Acts, 2/
Traveller's Joy, compiled by W. G. Waters, 4/ net
Turiiin (A. T.), Edgar Atiielstane ; or, Garland of Life,
4/ net.
Wallace ('Rena), A Bush Girl's Songs, 5/ net.
Music.
Verdi's II Trovatore and Rigoletto, by F. Burgess, l/net
each.
Bibliography.
Library of Congress : List of Works relating to Govern-
ment Regulation of Insurance, United States and
Foreign Countries.
Philosophy.
Jones (W. H. S.), The Moral Standpoint of Euripides,
2/6 net.
Political Economy.
Cunningham (W.), The Wisdom of the Wise, 2/ net
History and Biography.
Argyll (George Douglas, eighth Duke of), edited by the
Dowager Duchess of Argvll, 2 vols. 36/ net
Ball (W. W. R.), Trinity College, Cambridge, 2/ net
Bodley (J. E. CI), The Church in France, 3/6 net
Broadley (A. M.), The Boyhood of a Great King, 1841-58.
10/6 net.
Calendar of Close Rolls, Vol. IX., Edward III.,
1349-54,
Campan (Madame), Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, 1/ net.
Davey (R.), The Pageant of London, 2 vols., 15/ net.
Davison (A. W.), Derby : its Rise and Progress, 5/
Ferguson (G. D.), Lectures on the History of the Middle
Ages,
Fraser (E.), The Enemy at Trafalgar, 16/ net
Harris (Rev. I.), History of Jews' College, 1855-1905.
Johns's Notable Australians, 7/6 net.
Leigh (Augustus Austen), edited by W. A. Leigh, 8'6 net.
Mackenzie (W. C), A Short History of the Scottish High-
lands and Isles, 5/ net
Podmore (F.), Robert Owen, 2 vols., 24/ net.
Records of the Scots Colleges at Donai. Rome, Madrid,
Valladolid, and Ratisbon : Vol. I. Registers of Students.
Rickett (A.), Pergonal Forces in Modern Literature,
3/6 net,
Russell (G. W. E.), William Ewart Gladstone, Fifth Edi-
tion, 2/6 net
Shaw (W. A.), The Knights of England, 2 vols., 42 net.
Shore (T. W.), Origin of the Anglo-Saxon Race, !>/ net
Stanmore (Lord), The Earl of Aberdeen, Third Edition,
2/8 net.
Trail (F.), A History of Italian Literature, 16/ net.
Yillari (L.), Firo and Sword in the Caucasus, 10/6 net
Witt (J. E), Life in the Law, 6/ net.
Geography and Travel
Cromarty (D.), Picturesque Lancashire, ! 6 net.
Harper (C. G.), The Hastings Road and the "Happy
Springs of Tunbridge," 16/
Hints to Travellers, edited by E. A. Reeves, Ninth Edition,
2 vols., 15/ net.
Button (E.), The Cities of Spain, 7 ('. net.
King's Lynn, with its Surroundings, l net.
Park (Mungo), Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa,
3/ net.
Royal Geographical Society : Year- Rook and Record, 1906.
Koz(F), under the Knglisii Crown, 6
Whates (11. R.), Canada, the New Nation, 3 (1 net.
Sports and I'astiws.
Aria (Mrs.), Woman and the Motor-Car, 10,6 net
Warner (P. F.), The M.C.C. in South Africa, 6/
Folk-Lore.
Weston (J. L), The Legend of Sir Perceval, Vol. I., 12.6 net
I'hdology.
Platonis OpeHL edited by J. Burnet, Vol. I. Fase. 1
Skeat(Prof. W. W.), Place Names of Bedfordshire, 3/B net
ScJiool- Rooks.
Addison and Steele, sir Uoger de Co\erly Papers, l/net
Arnold's Lathi 'Texts: Cornelius Nepos ; Tihultus, Selec-
tions; Ovid, Selections; Ovid in Exile. n(. each.
Carey (F. S.), Elementary Solid (icomeliN, New Edition,
26
Dies Komani l short Readings from Luin Literature, com-
piled bv W. F W Hum. 1 8
Gregory (R. A.) and Simmons (A. T.), Lessons iu Science, 3/6
.ml Mrtrie
.king
I
\\ii,.n. I: ( \ i A - H
Bulm iKll. I .1
am I M
liurnli ii i', II I i
the I
Elliot (I. I < I >,3/8
Geod. •
of Mo.illiem HI
I.. .!• i ;i Put j,
i 1 1 1 1 ■
i I f Chemical Engineering,
Holmes (s. J.) The Biology of the Prog, ( I I
Huggiiis (Nir W.), The . the
Mate and in the Kchoofs, 4 I
.N'ooi.ieii (c. \oii). Diabetes Meliitut )' ' i.gical
Chemistry and Treatment '■■ net.
Skinner (W. ft.), The Mining ."
Smithsonian Institntii i- •lings of the United States
National .Museum, Vol. XXIX.
Stewart (A .), Modem Polyphase M o hit ■
Text-Book of Anatomy, edited l.\ D. , liam,
Section 4, T/S net
General Literature.
Counsels .,f Life, roll.-, ted by E. I ' net.
OrommeHn (M.), Bay Ronald, N.w Edition
Cuities (IL), An Imperial Love Story, tft
English Literary Criticism, Introduction b\ C. E. V ughaa,
2/8
bniiliKN.), A Straight Oeer, I 8
Grosveno] (CA '1 he Binds of on .
(;rifriths (A.), The House in Spiin^ Garden!
Heath (Major E. C), Examinati. ine<l Training,
1 6 net.
lleriing (P.), 'The Magjc of Mi" Aladdin, 6/
Howard (K.), The Old Came, 1/ net.
Inchbold(A. ('.), Phaic
Koch (Mrs, M. i, Paul Jerome, 6/
Koebel (\V. IL). The Seat of Moodt
Lane (E. M.), All for the Love of a Lidy, 3 C net.
Melville (F. J.), Siaiu : its Posts and PosUge Stamps,
<jd. net.
Mitford (B.), Harley Greenoak's Chan:
Molesworth (Mrs.), The Wrong Envelope, and other stories
6/
Pain (Barrv), Robinson Crusoe's Return, 1,' net
Phillips (C. J.), Fifty Years of Philately.
Pierce (E. F.), The Traveller's Joy, -i 6
Power (J. O'Connor), The Making of ai '
Pratt (T), Puck, the Rebellious, and other Nonsense
Stories, 2/6 net.
Punch (Mr.) on the Continong ; Mr. Punch's Railway Book ;
Mr. Punch at the Seaside. 1 ' ne;
Quiller-Couch (A. T), From a Cornish Wind. I
Russell (T. ().), Is Ireland a Dving Nat!
Speight (T. \V.), Mora: One Woman's History, of.
Swift (M. I.), The Damask Girl, and other Stories, IdoL
Their Husbands' Wives, edited bv W. D. liowells and
H. M. Alden. 3/6
Tilton (D.), The Golden Greyhound, 6'
Verbatim Report of the Five Days Congo Debate in the
Belgian House of Representati'. ■
Warwick (Countess of). A Nation's Youth, 1 net.
Wood (M.). A Tangled I, 6/
Yarcott (\V. G.), Pinch, Potty & Co., 3,0
FOREIGN.
Theology.
Hoensbroech (Graf v.), Moderner Staat u. romische Kirche,
."■in.
Meyer (E.1, Die Israeliten u. ihre Nachbarstamme, 14m.
Hies (J.), Das geistlicheLeben in seinen Eutwicklungsstufen
nach der Lehre des hi. Bernhard queUenmasslj
gestellt, 7in.
Smith (W. B.), Der vorchristliche Jesus, 4m.
Fine Art and Arekm
Beri.ht der Koinmissiou BUT Erhaltnng der Kunstdenk-
lnalei im Konigieich s.u hsen : Tatigkeit in den J.thren
lsK)3-.r..
Furtwangler (A.1 u. Reichhold (K.), Qriecbische \
male'rei. Series II. Part IL, 40m.
Jahrhuch .lev EConiglich Preuszischen Kunsts;tmnilungen,
Vol. XXVII. Part II.
Jahrburh der kunsthistorisehen BniMS iblllgeil, Vei XX\.,
15m.
Kaliuka(E.), Antike Denknialer in Bulgarien, SQp.
7/<'.*f,., ... d/i<( Biiniraphy.
Denis (E), La Foudation de l'Empire Allemand, |BGS-71>
lOfr.
Drv (A.), Soldats imVeillialllll I sous le Directoire,
" 2 vols., U»fr.
Wiederhold fW.Y Papsturkunden in Frankreich : I.
Franche-Cointc, 3m.
Folk- Lore.
Schiitte (P.). Die Liebe in den englischen n. -. hottischen
Yolksballadcn, 3m.
Philology.
Deaaaq (11. ). Inscripuones Lttinx Selecta-, Vol. IL
Part IL, 10m.
(irasserie (It. de 1.0. De la Categorie du Oenre, lifr.
lleiUrgfJ. Li En Grmak Porpost, okr. 75.
Melcber(PA De Sermons Epictebeo quibus rebus ab atttca
regula diseeilat. SBL SO.
N;i,i|iiK.I, Gaston Paris, lkr. 6&
V All Books received at the Ojjice up to Wednesday
Morning will be included in tnis List unless jrcriously
noted. ' Publishers are requested to state pi-ices icken
muting Books.
N°4101, June 2, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
671
'THE OPEN ROAD.'
May I bring before your notice what
seems to me a peculiarly hard case as between
publisher and author ? In 1899 I issued
through Mr. Grant Richards a collection of
poetry and prose entitled ' The Open Road,'
which became in its small way a popular
book, and still is. In 1904 Mr. Grant
Richards failed for many thousand pounds.
I was among the humbler of his creditors —
chiefly for money due to me for ' The Open
Road.' In 1905 it was necessary for me to
go to law before I could get that book trans-
ferred to another publisher ; but after some
expense and a long delay I succeeded in
establishing my right to it, and the transfer
was made. Last week — while the debt
owing to me on ' The Open Road ' is still
unpaid, except for a small fraction, and is
likely to remain so — the firm of E. Grant
Richards, of which Mr. Grant Richards is
the manager, issued a book called ' Traveller's
Joy,' as like as possible to ' The Open Road '
in idea and in format, with end-papers by
the same artist, the same type, the same
system of arrangement, and identically the
same binding as that in which ' The Open
Road ' first made its popularity.
I am told I have no legal redress. One
can, however — and I hold that one should
— make a protest. Ordinary derivative
publishing is one thing ; but this is another.
In my detached opinion, unbiassed by the
personal element in the case, an imitation
of ' The Open Road ' as close as ' Traveller's
Joy ' is. under the circumstances, the one
kind of book which neither Mrs. nor Mr.
Grant Richards was entitled to put forth.
I hope I am not singular in my view.
E. V. LtJCAS.
BRET HARTE AND SAN FRANCISCO.
Harrow.
Seeint; in The Athenaeum for May 19th
(p. 608, col. 1) a commendatory reference
to an essay upon Bret Harte done over the
initials W. M., I have procured a copy of
Messrs. Hutchinson's reprint, and find that
it is, as I suspected, a reissue of the book
which I edited for another publisher five
years back, but which an early and foolish
modesty kept me from putting my name to.
I write, however, not to air any grievance
in this matter — for I am noways wronged
by this reissue, and must believe that the
world is benefited — but to point out a
curious thing.
A few weeks ago all the newspapers were
quoting, and some were expending leading
articles upon, a passage in which Stevenson
speaks of the sudden rise of San Francisco
as suggesting the idea of a fall more sudden,
a disappearance by cataclysm. But nobody,
as far as I am aware, has yet pointed out
that Bret Harte, in one of his earliest and
least-known sketches, written a good many
years before Stevenson saw America, gives
an account (from the standpoint of an ima-
ginary future geologist) of the total destruc-
tion of San FrtttlciSCO by earthquake, which
is conceived to have taken place " towards
the close of the nineteenth century." As
to the exact date of the calamity, we are
told, " historians disagree "; but, after all,
the difference between the close of the nine'
teenth century and tho beginning of the
twentieth may be considered a fairly negli-
gible quantity in geological calculations,
not to say prophec*
It occurred to me, when making up the
aforesaid volume in 1901, that this sketch,
so unlike the other matter of the hook,
might serve very well as an epilogue to the
prose section ; and there I placed it. It is
pleasing to know, since events have given
it a curious interest, that the speculative
general reader can now have this prophetic
arrangement — and much of the best of Bret
Harte's prose and verse — for tenpence :
besides my " philosophic " Introduction
(so far as I am concerned) for nothing and
what it is worth. W. Macdonald.
%* It had been pointed out before either
of these authors wrote that an earthquake
sufficient to destroy the city had happened
at the spot in the Mexican days, and that
such events were probable.
'THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS OF
SCOTLAND.'
Your reviewer in his notice, or " jotting,"
upon Mr. Hope Moncrieff's book on ' The
Highlands and Islands of Scotland,' has raised
a few questions which require at least a
remark. " How did the Forbeses or Gordons
get a tartan ? " "They fought at Harlaw on
the Lowland side," as we believe did also the
Macphersons. The Gordons, like the Frasers,
Chisholms, Barclays, Irvines, and others,
came from the Lowlands at about the same
period as guardians of the Highland line.
But several of them became large wielders
of Celtic sovereignty, and took up the tartan
as the natural uniform of their followers.
The Gordon tartan at any rate preceded the
Gordon regiment, which has made the tartan
illustrious through the world. Forbes is
possibly Celtic in origin, but never com-
manded so large a Highland following,
though many adherents of the house were
Celtic.
The story of the contractor from England
inventing the philabeg is exactly one which,
from its mixture of clownislmess and malice,
would be popular among the vulgar. It is
not necessary to dispute the local truth of
the story. Very likely the kind of labourers
the contractor found in Glengarry's country
had the belted plaid for their only garment,
and the delicacy of the contractor may have
been hurt by their nakedness, and he may
have prescribed a loin-cloth. But per contra
the kilt is the most ancient garment in the
world. It is not necessary to cite Gauls and
Albanians for the present purpose. Let
your reviewer look at Lord A. Campbell's
instances of the monuments at Kilkerran
and Sad dell, or in more modern times at the
portraits of the Earl of Moray temp.
Charles I., and of the first Duke of Argyll
with the Highlander in the background, by
Medina, 1*52.
If Highlanders stripped at the onset, what
was the exceptional meaning of Blar-na-
leine ? That the fable about the contractor
was not immediately contradicted is due to
the fact that newspaper correspondence
was not the fashion of the day, and that the
dress was proscribed soon after. It has
been contradicted since.
As to " runrig " tenure, it was abolished
in Tiree in 1 7(59, teste the late Duke of Argyll ;
but instances must have occurred much later
in the Hebrides. Iain Gallda.
*„* The reviewer reerets that lain Gallda
contributes no exact information In aid of
his ignorance'. No evidence is given for
the Btatement that a number of Lowland
gentlemen " took up the tartan as the natural
Uniform Of their followers," and there is no
hint of a date. If the story of the contract or
froui Kngland may possess " local truth,"
what are the limits of the locality in which
it is true ? The reviewer has never heard
thai the labourers in Glengarry's country
"had the belted plaid for theironly garment ."
nor has he learnt that anybody " prescribed
a loin - cloth." The actual statement
about the English contractor is in a
letter of Evan Baillie, of Aberiachan, dated
March 22nd, 1768 ; cf. Edinburgh Magazine
for 1785, p. 23"). No doubt the statements
of Mr. Baillie " have been contradicted " ;
the question is, have they been disproved ?
Perhaps Iain Gallda can cite texts speaking
of the philabeg earlier than the date of the
English contractor. The whole question of
the date of clan tartans is difficult. It
appears from the ' Graemeid ' that in 1689
the predominant colours worn by the
Camerons were blue and yellow. The
reviewer does not pretend to have any de-
finite opinion on these obscure and debated
matters.
THE ASLOAN MS.
Kenyon College, Ohio, May 15th, 1906.
Writing from Edinburgh in the fall of
1892, I asked Lord Talbot, of Malahi de-
Castle, Dublin, for permission to examine
the Asloan MS. I received a prompt reply
stating that the MS. had already been
deposited in the British Museum for some
time for purposes of copying and editing,
and that the MS. was no longer accessible,
" even for scientific purposes." I have not
saved the letter, but the phrase in quotation
marks I recall, having printed it in a note on
the MS. in my ' Study of Scottish Prose,'
Baltimore, 1893.
It may be that Prof. Schipper, who was-
compelled to use Chalmers's transcript in
his edition of Dunbar, Vienna, 1891-3, had
transcripts made later. It is my impression
that the MS. was deposited in the Museum
for the use of the Scottish Text Society.
While it was doubtless quite natural for
Lord Talbot de Malahide to decline to open
his library to an unknown foreigner, it is
not so easy to see why a learned British
society should suffer from that which in the
owner of a unique MS. seems to a foreigner
very like un-British obscurantism.
Students of Scottish literature will like to
think, however, that the needs of the Scottish
Text Society have only to be made clear
to the possessor of this Scottish MS., which
has come down through many generations
of Scottish owners, for all difficulties m the
way of editing to be removed.
Wm. Peters Reeves.
TWO NATIONAL TRUSTS.
We have received the Report of the
annual meeting last month of the Trustees
of Shakspeare's Birthplace, including a long
speech by Mr. Sidney Lee, which is web
worth reading. Mr. Lee, as chairman of
the Executive Committee, has devoted
much care and time to putting matters on
a sound and business - like footing. The
number of visitors from Stratford and else-
where for the year (34.408) far exceeds
previous totals. Since October last two
members of the Executive1 Committee have
been appointed, month by month, as visiting
♦ rnstec^s. and the work of repair and restora-
tion has been done locally. Good progress has
been made with a complete inventory of tho
property o£ the Trust, and a descriptive
leaflet is now available, free of charge, both
in French and Knglish. Other practical
improvements in working will receive general
commendation, and we hops thai Increased
Support will justify at an early date tho
addition of a library of the books which
Shakspoaro himself probably used. A nutn-
ber of gifts are announced in the Report.
The annual meeting of another national
672
THE ATHENjEUM
N°4101, Jim: 2, 1906
Frust, thai oonoerned with Dove Cottage,
Graamere, was held on Monday afternoon
the Temple, Prof. Knight in 1 1 1 « - ohair.
There were also present Mr. \V. G. Brooke,
Mr. Btherington Smith, Mr. John Graham,
Mr. Brneel Coleridge, Dr. Q. W. Prothero,
Jim! Canon Beeching. The Report for the
year wrtding May 1st stated that 4,250
tickets of admission to the Cottage had boon
sold, which was 95 more than in any previous
year, and 4(>:> more than last year. There
was a balance of 1<>/. 19*. Ad., which enabled
the Trustees to make an addition to the
invested capital. The property was reported
to be in excellent order, and several gifts of
books to the Cottage were announced.
SALE.
Mkssr-s. Sothkbt, Wilkinson, & Hodge sold
on the 25th and 26th ult. the following important
1 looks and MSS. : Bellarmine, Disputationes,
Vol. VI. , bound by Clovis Eve with arms of dames
VI. of Scotland, 1601, 41/. Missale Cassinense,
1513, finely hound, 2W. 15& Voragine, Legendario
<li Sancti, Venet., 1518, 22/. Gould's Birds of
Asia, 1850-73, 4S/. 10s. Roscoe's Novelists'
Library, 19 vols., 1831-3, 17/. 5a. AValpole's
Anecdotes of Painting, by Dallaway, Major's
edition, large paper, India proofs, 1826, 22/. 10s.
Dresser"s Birds of Europe, 1871-96, .54/. 10s.
Blake's Songs of Innocence, 1789, 83/. Byron's
Don Juan, Cantos I. and II., presentation copy,
1819, .51/. : Sardanapalus, 1821, presentation copy,
69/. Robinson Crusoe, first edition (imperfect),
1719, 60/. Hone B.V.M., MS. on vellum, Sa?c.
XV., 96/. Horn-Book, temp. Ceorge II., 19/.
Shelley's Queen Mab, with title and imprint, 1813,
100/. Tennyson's The Last Tournament, 1871,
16/. 10*. Dame Juliana Berners's Book of
Hawking, Hunting, and Fishing, &c, 1586, 31/.
Drayton's The Owle, 1604, 29/. Mrs. Jordan's
Letters to William, Duke of Clarence, 335/.
Documents signed by Louis XVI. and Marie
Antoinette (5), 140/. Napoleon I., Draft of a
Proclamation to his Army before the Battle of
Rivoli, 122/. Hone B.V.M., MS. on vellum (Paris
Use), Sa;c. XV., 195/. Sarum Primer, 1555, 34/.
Bulletins de la Convention Nationale, September,
1,792, to January, 1795, 190/. Seymour Haden's
Etudes a l'Eauforte, 1866, 165/. Hone ad Usum
Sarum, printed upon vellum, 1526, 115/. ; Hone ad
Usum Bisuntiensem (Besancon), MS. on vellum,
Sac. XV., 110/. Valerius Maximus, MS. on
vellum, 1418, 122/. Christine de Pisan, Livre des
Faita d'Armes et de Chcvalerie, MS., XV. Cent.,
225/. Guillaume de (iuilleville, Le Pelerinage de
la Vie Humaine, MS. on vellum, XV. Cent., 290/.
Martin Le Franc, Champion des Dames, MS. on
paper, XV. Cent., 195/. Lancelot du Lac et
antics Romans de la Table Ronde, MS. on paper,
XV. Cent., 5(H)/. Midsummer Night's Dreame,
1»;im>. 280/. ; The Merchant of Venice, 1600, 460/. ;
Sir John Oldcastle, 16(H), Ho/. ; Henry V.. 1608,
150J. ; King Lear, 1608, 395/.; Merry Wives of
Windsor, 1619, 295/. ; A Yorkshire Tragedv, 1619,
12.V. : The Whole Contention, 1619, 110/. ; Pericles,
1619, L6U
' The Balkan Trail,' by Mr. Frederick
Moore, which Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co.
will have ready on the 11th inst., with a
map and forty-eight pages of illustrations,
relates the experiences of an American
correspondent during the recent troubles
in the Balkans, and affords an insight into
the character of the people and the political
situation. Incidentally Mr. Moore tells,
on the authority of the actors in the drama,
the real history of the abduction and
iransom of Madame Tsilka.
Mr. Fisher Unwin is to publish a work
by Dr. J. P. Mahaffy, entitled ' The Silver
Age of the Greek World.' It is a study of
the period dining which the Greeks, after
their subjugation by Rome, went into all
parts of the world as pioneers of Hellenic
culture. The progress of Hellenism in
Inner Asia, Egypt, and Syria is treated ;
there are several chapters on the influence
of Greece on Roman society and literature,
and two on Plutarch and his times.
Messrs. Bell announce a new edition
of Trollope's Barsetshire novels, which
will be added to their " York Library,"
The series will consist of ' The Warden,'
' Batches ter Towers,' ' Dr. Thome,'
' Framley Parsonage,' ' The Small House
at Allington,' and ' The Last Chronicle
of Barset.' The last named has been
out of print for some years, but by
arrangement with the owners of the copy-
right Messrs. Bell have acquired the right
to reprint it, and it will be published soon
in two volumes. The other volumes of the
series will follow at short intervals.
The ' Life and Letters of the First Earl
of Durham, 1792-1840,' will appear in the
autumn. The book, which will probably
occupy two volumes, has cost the author,
Mr. Stuart J. Reid, a good deal of research,
both in Canada and England, and is based
on a mass of letters, dispatches, and
papers at Lambton Castle. It will con-
tain many unpublished letters by pro-
minent statesmen, and some fine portraits
which are unknown to the public.
At a meeting held at Christ's College,
Cambridge, on the 24th ult., the Master
of Christ's in the chair, a testimonial was
presented to Prof. I. Gollancz, Litt.D.,
subscribed for by a number of friends and
past and present students, "as a token
of affection and regard." The Masters
of Trinity and Peterhouse and Prof.
Skeat spoke upon the occasion ; and the
Master of Christ's, on behalf of the donors,
presented a case containing doctor's
robes, a copy of the Wycnffite Bible, and
a cheque for the publication of some work
or for the purchase of books, together
with an album enclosing a list of sub-
scribers. Among these were the Bishops
of Bristol and Ely ; the Dean of West-
minster ; the Masters of Trinity, Christ's,
and Peterhouse ; the Mistress of Girton ;
the Principal of Newnham ; the Principal
of University College, London ; the Head
Master of Harrow ; Sir John Evans ; Sir
E. Maunde Thompson ; Mr. Holman
Hunt ; the Rev. Dr. Abbott ; Drs.
Braunholtz, Breul, Fraser, Furnivall,
Haddon, Heath, Keynes, Kimmins, Sidney
Lee, R. D. Roberts, Rouse, and Spenser ;
Profs. Clifford Allbutt, Conway, Hales,
Herford, Ker, Reid, and Trench ; Mr.
Magnusson, and Mr. Shipley. Prof.
Atkins, Fellow of St. John's College, acted
as honorary secretary ; and Prof. Skeat
was mainly answerable for the carrying
out of the movement.
Last year the annual meeting of the
Associated Booksellers of Great Britain
and Ireland was held in Edinburgh, when
the visitors were generously entertained
by their Northern brethren. This year
arrangements are in progress for the meet-
ings and excursions, which will be held at
Oxford, beginning on July 6th.
<)\ May 1st Cecil Bendall, late Professor
of Sanskrit at the University of Cam-
bridge, was made Officier of the French
Academie. The nomination, which would
have given the Professor much pleasure
and gratification, comes too late, as he
died on March 14th.
The voting at Cambridge on the pro-
posal that students of science should be
permitted a choice between Latin and
Greek and a modern language as a com-
pulsory subject in the " Little Go " was
finished on Saturday last. The numbers
were, for the proposal, 241 ; against, 747.
The majority opposed to change seems
to be pretty constant ; it was a clear 502
against making Greek optional ; and now
it is 506.
In her new novel ' Clemency Shafto,'
which will be published by Messrs. Smith,
Elder & Co. on the 11th inst., Miss Frances
G. Burmester uses the mystery of some
vanished jewels and the supposed murder
of an old general who was Mrs. Shafto's
lover in India to open up a struggle of
character between Clemency and her
mother, and to bring about the nemesis
of a long-concealed love story.
A new novel by Mrs. M. Pennell,
entitled ' Amor Veritatis,' will be issued
shortly by Mr. Elliot Stock.
Messrs. Barton & Sons are selling on
the 20th inst. at East Dereham the small
farm and house at Badley Moor where
Borrow was born.
The death took place on May 26th, at
Edinburgh, of the Rev. Dr. Thomas Smith.
He was born in 1817, and, becoming a
clergyman of the Church of Scotland,
went out to India, joining the Free Church
later. In 1840 he instituted the Zenana
Mission, with which his name will always
be associated, and, writing much on Oriental
subjects, was for ten years editor of The
Calcutta Review. After the Mutiny he
returned to the ministry in Scotland, and
in 1880 was made Professor of Evangelistic
Theology in the New College, Edinburgh,
a post which he held until 1893, when he
retired as emeritus professor. The Uni-
versity of Edinburgh conferred on him
three degrees, viz., M.A., D.D., and LL.D.
honoris causa. Dr. Smith was author and
translator of many works, among which
were a volume on w Mediaeval Missions,'
lives of Dr. Duff and Dr. Begg, and
a translation of Vinet's ' Studies on
Pascal.'
Mr. Michael Davttt, whose death
took place last Thursday, was born in
1846, and well known as a vigorous
journalist. His books include ' Leaves
from a Prison Diary,' 1884, and ' Life
and Progress in Australia,' 1898 ; his
political writing was too obviously
biassed to be of permanent value.
The early death of a poet of much
promise is announced in M. George Vannor,
who passed away last week, after a very
short illness, at the age of forty-one. He
issued a volume of poems in 1889 under
the title of ' Les Paradis.' This was
N° 4101, June 2, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
673
followed by a small book with the title
of ' L'Art symbolique,' to which M. Paul
Adam contributed a preface, and by two
others : ' Le Tombeau du Cid,' and
' Pelerinage d'Art,' dealing with such
varied subjects as Wagner and Italian
painting. M. Vannor was also a dramatic
and musical critic, and contributed to
U Evenement, Gil Bias, La Libre Parole,
and La Presse ; but perhaps he was best
known as a conferencier. He recently
appeared in this role at the Odeon and at
the Porte Saint Martin.
With the novelist Claire von Gliimer
another of the few survivors of the " tolle
Jahr " 1848 has passed away. Her father,
Karl von Gliimer, was an ardent Liberal,
and her early years were spent in exile.
In 1848 she acted as reporter of the pro-
ceedings of the Parliament of Frankfort
for the Magdeburgische Zeitung. In 1851
she was sent to prison for three months
for promoting the escape of her brother,
who had been sentenced to imprisonment
for life. She eventually settled at Blase-
witz, near Dresden, where her lifeVas spent
peacefully, and where she died at the age
of eighty-one. Her book ' Aus meinem
Fluchtlingsleben ' gives an interesting
account of her stormy youth. She wrote
a number of novels and short stories,
many of which were very popular in their
day.
The publication of the entire series of
Grant Allen's " Historical Guides " has
now been transferred to the firm of E.
Grant Richards. The series includes at
present ' Paris,' ' Florence,' ' Venice,' and
' The Cities of Belgium,' by Grant Allen ;
■ The Cities of Northern 'Italy,' by Dr.
G. C. Williamson ; and ' Umbrian Towns,'
by Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Cruickshank. A
volume dealing with Christian Rome, also
by Mr. and Mrs. Cruickshank, is in pre-
paration.
The fine library of Mr. William S.
Appleton, lately dispersed at Libbie's
Rooms, Boston, U.S.A., included two
interesting lots. One of these was George
Washington's manuscript map of New
York and New Jersey, 1777, " laid down
chiefly from actual surveys received
from the Right Honourable Lord
Stirling and others, and delineated for
the use of His Excellency General Wash-
ington, by Robert Erskine, F.R.S.,"
39 in. by 25 in. It realized 520 dollars.
The second item was a copy of the very
rare piece of early American poetry, Anne
Bradstreet's ' The Tenth Muse Lately
Sprung up in America, or Severall Poems
compiled with a great variety of Wit and
Learning,' London, 1650 ; this was secured
for the Library of Congress at 191 dollars.
The McKee copy of this work sold for
460 dollars in 1900.
Recent Parliamentary Papers include
Statutes made by the Governing Bodies
of Corpus Christi, Merton, and Sidney
Sussex Colleges, Oxford, (Id. or \d. each) ;
Scotch Education Department, Code of
Regulations for Continuation Classes
(2^d.) ; Board of Education, Statement
as to the Age at which Compulsory
Education begins in certain Foreign
Countries (^d.) ; and a Return showing
the Number of National Schools in
Ireland in which Irish is Taught, &c. (\d.).
SCIENCE
THE ROYAL OBSERVATORY
GREENWICH.
The Board of Visitors met last Wednesday,
the 30th ult., under the chairmanship of
Lord Rayleigh, President of the Royal
Society, and we have before us the Astro-
nomer Royal's Report, which relates to the
history and state of the Observatory up to
May 10th. No important changes appear
to have been made in the buildings or instru-
ments, except that the object-glass of the
transit-circle was removed for repolishing
early in January, and returned in February.
The sun, moon, planets, and fundamental
stars were regularly observed on the meridian,
as in previous years. A new determination
of the forms of the pivots showed there was
no sensible error in them. The corrections for
variation of latitude have been applied, the
data being kindly furnished by Prof. Albrecht.
The Second Nine- Year Catalogue (for the
epoch 1900), the observations for which
were terminated at the end of last year, will
be divided into two sections, viz., Part I.,
Fundamental and Zodiacal Stars, and
Part II., Astrographic Reference Stars.
The altazimuth had to undergo some altera-
tions, as well as a repolishing of the flint lens,
wliich made it necessary to suspend observa-
tions with it for about six weeks. It is
used as a reversible transit-circle in the
meridian in four positions during the year,
the positions being changed regularly each
two months. Besides being employed for
observations of the sun, planets, and funda-
mental stars, the instrument (which is under
the charge of Mr. Crommelin) has been used
regularly for extra-meridian observations of
the moon during the first and last quarters
of each lunation. Observations of the lunar
crater Mosting A were begun in 1905, and
have been continued when practicable. A
large number of observations have been
obtained with the reflex zenith-tube. Occulta-
tions of stars by the moon have been observed
with the equatorials, and extended to stars
below the limit of magnitude hitherto in-
cluded in the 'Nautical Almanac' The
28-inch refractor has been in use throughout
the year, under the superintendence of Mr.
Lewis, for micrometric observations of
double stars, of Jupiter, and of Jupiter's
satellites. The work of the astrographic
equatorial has been under the charge of
Mr. Hollis. It has chiefly consisted of
replacing chart plates which, though satis-
factory in other respects, are, owing to slight
photographic defects, unsuitable for the
production of enlarged prints ; and of
remeasurement of catalogue plates wliich
required revision, as well as other matters
preparatory to the completion of the Green -
wioh section of the meat international photo-
graphic survey of the heavens.
Mr. Maunder has continued to superintend
the observations with the photo-heliograph.
The solar activity, as shown in the numbers
and areas of spots, was very pronounced
throughout 1905, the record for that year
being about double that for 1904. In par-
ticular, a great number of large groups,
visible to the naked eye. were observed.
During the present year, however, there has
been a considerable falling off in activity:
no groups really of the first magnit ude hiving
been observed since the end of 1905.
The magnetic and meteorological depart-
ment has been, as before, under the charge
of Mr. Bryant. The mean magnetic declina*
tion for 1905 was 16° 9/-9 west, the mean
dip (with 3-inch needles) 66° 55' 55". There
were no days of great magnetic disturbance in
that year, but twelve of lesser disturbance.
The following are the most interesting of the
meteorological results. The mean tempera-
ture for 1905 was 49°-7, or 0o-2 above the
average for the fifty years 1841-90. During
the twelve months ending April 30th the
highest temperature in the shade (recorded
on the open stand in the Magnetic Pavilion
enclosure) was 87°-2 on July 26th. The
lowest was 23°T on November 22nd. During
the winter there were 59 days on which the
temperature fell below freezing-point, which
is three more than the average. The mean
daily horizontal movement of the air during
the same twelve months was 300 miles,
which is 18 miles above the average of the
preceding thirty-eight years. The greatest
recorded daily movement was 767 miles on
January 6th, and the least 69 miles on
December 11th. The greatest recorded
pressure of the wind was 19"4 lb. on the
square foot on January 18th, and the
greatest hourly velocity 50 miles on Janu-
ary 6th. The number of hours of bright
sunshine, recorded by the Campbell-Stokes
instrument, was 1,523 out of 4,457, the
whole time during which the sun was above
the horizon, so that the mean proportion of
sunshine for the year was 0*342, constant
sunshine being represented by 1. The
rainfall was 23-33 in., being 1*21 less than
the average of the fifty years 1841-90. No
rain fell for a period of eighteen consecutive
days, from March 27th to April 13th.
All the reductions are in a satisfactory
state, and the printing of the volume for
1904 approaches completion. Since the
date of the last Report Mr. Dyson has been
appointed Astronomer Royal for Scotland,
and Mr. Eddington (as has already been
announced in The Athcncviun) has been
nominated one of the Chief Assistants, Mr.
Cowell being now the Senior. These
two have the general superintendence of
all the operations of the Observatory. Not
much extraneous work was done during
last year ; the expeditions for observation
of the total solar eclipse in August have been
already described in our columns.
The Astronomer Royal finishes by some
remarks on the disturbances likely to be
introduced by the schemes for the supply
of electric power to the whole of London
and the surrounding districts from generat-
ing stations planted, or to be planted, in the
immediate neighbourhood of the Obser-
vatory. The most serious danger arises
from the generating station of the London
County Council, which is planted exactly
in the Greenwich meridian and in a position
where its excessively tall chimneys will,
unless their height be materially reduced,
interfere with observations of stars near
the north horizon (which are essential for
latitude and refraction), and will, through the
effect of heated air, render the results un-
trustworthy. Moreover, as this generating
station is at a distance of only half a mile
from the Observatory, there is grave risk
of the tremor arising from the vibrations
produced by the extremely powerful engines
affecting the value of observations made by
reflection from a mercury horizon, which
are essential for the fundamental work of
the Observatory. None such has been
noticed from a generating station at Dept-
ford, which is on a much more modest scale,
and has hitherto sufficed to supply the
Council tramways A\ith electric power.
This is, however, nearly a mile from the
Observatory, and the Astronomer Loyal
074
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4101, Jink 2, 1906
naturally complains thai the immediate
neighbourhood of the Observatory should
have been selected for the planting of
generating stations on an unprecedented
scale, to supply electric power to distant
districts.
SOCIETIES.
British Academy. — May 23. — Lord Reay, Pre-
sident, in the chair. — Prof. Rhys, Fellow of the
Academy, read extracts of a paper on ' The Celtic
Inscriptions of France and Italy.' It was prac-
tically a continuation of the one entitled 'Celta-
and Galli,* which was read to the Academy twelve
months ago, and was devoted principally to the
fragmentary Ooligny calendar and the Rom tablet
of lead with writing on both sides. In September
and October last the Professor resumed his study
of the Coligny calendar, but this time he went to
the original in the museum at Lyons, where he
carefully collated the fragments. He did the same
with the Rom inscriptions, which are in the pos-
session of their discoverer in the neighbourhood of
Poitiers. On the same expedition he examined
nearly all the Celtic inscriptions known to exist in
France ; and he devoted the last Easter vacation to
examining the few known in Italy. The present
paper thus covered pretty well the whole domain
of the inscribed monuments of the Celts on the
Continent : in all he has examined about forty,
varying in length from a single name to the
defi.rioiies of Rom and the Coligny calendar. In
the editions of the Coligny fragments he has dis-
covered a good many inaccuracies, but none of
such importance as to upset any of his main con-
tentions as to the interpretation, and none having
any bearing on the epiestion of the Celticity of the
document as against M. d'Arbois de Jubainville,
who continues to regard it as Ligurian. The col-
lation of M. Jullian's reading of the Rom texts has
likewise yielded some interesting results, of which
the details were embodied in the paper. With
regard to the more usual kind of Celtic inscrip-
tions, the differences between Prof. Rhys's readings
and those of previous epigraphists are fairly
numerous, not to mention new interpretations
which he has suggested. The paper being of con-
siderable length, he was able to select only a
couple of typical examples, namely, one of the
commoner Gaulish type, and one from a group of
seven or eight stones found at Avignon or Nimes,
or else in the neighbouring districts. This group
has also had its Celticity challenged by M. d'Arbois
de Jubainville, who tries to make the language an
Italic dialect. Prof. Rhys pointed out the incon-
clusive nature of the reasoning in favour of an
Italic origin, and urged reasons for regarding the
inscriptions as Celtic. A photograph of the
Coligny calendar is a desideratum, and M.
Esperandieu is of opinion that it is quite feasible :
it is to be hoped that he may be induced to under-
take that piece of work. Since he and M. Dissard
put the fragments in their places several have been
again shifted. — Sir E. Fry, Fellow of the Academy,
read a paper on ' The Rights of Neutrals as illus-
trated by Recent Events.' The war between
Russia and Japan has given rise to some novel
questions in relation to neutrals. The first question
discussed was suggested by the North Sea inci-
dent, viz., whether or no the commander of a ship
of war belonging to a belligerent power can justify
injury to a neutral ship on the ground of his sus-
picion that she is a belligerent. The second ques-
tion discussed was how far belligerents can enlarge
their rights against neutrals by the introduction of
novel instruments and methods of warfare. The
third question raised related to the right of
neutrals to receive and use messages relating to
military or naval operations, sent by belligerents
by means of wireless telegraph}-. — A discussion fol-
lowed, in which Prof. Westlake, Prof. Holland, Sir
John Macdonell, Sir F. Pollock, and others took
part.
Society of Antiquaries. — May 10. — Mr. F. G.
Hilton Price, Director, in the chair. — Mr. O. M.
Dalton read a note on the lot-casting machine in
Carlovingian representations of the Crucifixion,
where it is found as an adjunct to the episode of
the parting of Christ's garments. It consists of an
urn fixed upon a revolving horizontal bar in such a
way that at each revolution one of the balls serving
as lots fell out, the neck of the urn being too
narrow to mini t the passage of more than one at
a time. Two representations of this machine, as
used in the circus to determine the position of the
drivers in tho chariot races, have come down to us
from about the fourth century, one being on a con-
torniate medal, the other on a marble relief from
the hippodrome at Constantinople J while the mode
of its operation in later times is described by Con-
stantino Porphyrogenitus. The late Dr. Gracven
and others had already referred to the appearance
of this niacbine in the Utrecht Psalter, and Mr.
Dalton now drew attention to two other examples
of its occurrence, both upon Carlovingian ivory-
carvings : one in the cathedral church of Narh nne,
the other in the Victoria and Albert Museum. As it
is not likely that the illuminators or ivory-carvers
had ever seen the machine in operation, the use of
this very secular method of resorting to the verdict
of chance a fiords a striking example of the extent
to which these artists depended on antique models.
Mr. Dalton also described a circular brooch in the
British Museum, apparently of Frankish manu-
facture, and ornamented with a cress in
cloisonne enamel : it appeared to be a very earl)'
example of the employment of this method of ena-
melling in the West. He further described a small
Byzantine medallion of very fine workmanship with
busts of St. Theodore and St. George, apparently
of the eleventh century ; it was remarkable for
being enamelled upon both surfaces, and for being
executed on copper with copper cloisons instead of
fold. The medallion was exhibited by Mr. C. H.
Lead, and is to be prest nted to the British Museum.
Finally Mr. Dalton described a small silver dish of
the sixth century a.d. exhibited b)T Sir William
Haj'nes-Smith. It was ornamented with a mono-
gram in niello within a wreath of ivy -leaves, and
had on the bottom the usual official stamps or
" hall-marks." It was found in Cyprus, and ver}-
elosely resembles a larger silver dish from the same
locality now in the British Museum. — Mr. W. R.
Lethaby read a note on the early Arabic numerals
on the sculptures of the Resurrection groups on the
west front of Wells cathedral church. These had
been described some years ago by Mr. J. T. Irvine,
who had misread several of them, w ith the result
that his tables contained numbers that were far too
high. Mr. Lethaby showed that, if the numbers
were properly read by the light of late thirteenth-
century and other MSS., they formed a regular
sequence, which corresponded with the groups of
sculpture. — The Rev. E. H. Willson exhibited a
silver-parcel-gilt chalice of London make of the
year 1518-19, now belonging to the Roman Catholic
chapel at Lej'land, Lanes. — Mr. J. C. Carrington
exhibited a curious silver-gilt secular cup, of English
work circa 1470, in use as a chalice in a Hampshire
church.
May 17. — Lord Avebury, President, in the chair.
— Mr. A. Trice Martin, Honorary Secretary of the
Caerwrent Exploration Fund, presented the annual
report of the work done at Caerwent in 1905 under
the superintendence of Mr. T. Ashby, jun., of the
British School at Rome. This work comprised the
exploration of five houses or blocks and the lately
discovered gate in the south wall of the city. Of
the former, one block was remarkable for the
remains of a colonnade with seven columns, the use
of which was, however, uncertain. In another
house there was found an octagonal tank, with a
tessellated floor and cemented walls, which was
probably a bath ; and the whole building (which
could not be completely excavated, owing to the
northern portion lying in a garden which was not
available for excavation) is probably part of the
same building (House II. N. ) wherein was found
the large hypocaust, which is still open for inspec-
tion. The whole may possibly have formed part
of a system of public baths. In another house the
wall of one room was preserved to a height of
14 feet, and there were some interesting remains of
plaster. Among other features of interest were
well-constructed stone drains. The south gate is
Extremely well preserved, the larger part of one
ring of the stone arch being intact. It differs from
the north gate in some important details. Like
that, it has been blocked up ; but the filling is
of an altogether better and more deliberately
constructed character. There arc also the remains
of two large stone drains, and possibly of two
roads, one overlying the other. Among the finds
exhibited were some iron spear- and arrow-heads,
knives, a bronze piped key, a part of a small clay
statuette of Venus, a little bronze sphinx, a perfect
howl of a ware that appears to imitate Sarnian
ware, and a collection of plant seeds and animal
bones that have been recovered fr< m the earth
taken from pits and wells by the industry and care
of Mr. Lyell, and identified by Mr. Newton. Wort
is to 1m- shortly resumed on alx ut five acres of land
that have been lately purchased by Lord Tredegar,
and with characteristic generosity offered to the
committee for excavation. Mr. \V. 1). Caree, by
permission of the Rev. T. Green, exhibited three
mutilated stone figures of knights, and the pedes*
tal of a fourth, which had lately been found
embedded in a mass of rubble in a window-Sill in
Tilswoith church, Beds.— Mr. \V. H. St. John
Hope was of opinion, from the action of the figures,,
that they had originally belonged to a group
representing the martyrdom of St. Thomas of
Canterbury. The fact that they were not shown
as sleeping was against their having formed part
of an Easter sepulchre. Their date, he thought,
was about 1230.
.1
Zooj.oc.icae.— map 15.— Dr. J. Rose Bradiord,.
V.P. , in the chair. — The Secretary read a report
on the additions to the menagerie during April,
which numbered 171. — Mr. F. E. Beddard ex-
hibited a nearly full-time foetus of Lemur rufifrons^
and called attention to the carpal vibrissa, Which
were extremely conspicuous, though the rest of the
ventral surface ( f the arm was devoid of hair. — Mr.
Beddard also exhibited, on behalf of Dr. C. < •.
Seligmann, a cock of mixed breed which had been'
caponized for commercial purposes whilst young.
The bird at no time showed an)* evidence of sexuaF
attraction for or towards either sex. On dissection,.
there was no trace of testicular tissue. — Mr. R. I.
Pocock exhibited and made remarks upon a speci-
men of a leaf-insect (Phyllium) from the Sey-
chelles, which had been brought to the gardens by-
Mr. E. G. B. Meade- Waldo.— Mr. H. Munt
exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Bussell, a skin of the
spotted-necked otter (Lutra macnlkollh) obtained
at Fort Jobnston, Uganda. — A communication;
from Mr. J. N. Halbert contained descriptions of
the two species of water-mites (Hydrachnidw) col-
lected by Mr. W. A. Cunnington in Lake Nyasa
during the Third Tanganyika Expedition, 1904-5.
— Mr. Oldfield Thomas read a paper on a collection
of mammals made by Mr. W. Stalker in the
Northern Territory of South Australia, and pre-
sented to the National Museum bj' Sir William-
Ingram and the Hon. John Forrest. The collection
included sixteen species, of which two were of
special interest : Mus forresti, sp. n., and Phatco-
yale ingrami, sp. n. — Mr. F. E. Beddard c. m-
municated a paper bj- Prof. W. B. Benham and
Mr. W. J. Dunbar dealing with the skull of a
young ribbon-fish (Regalecus). — A communication
from Dr. von Linstow contained descriptions of
two species — one of them new — of hair-worms of
the family Gordiidw. The specimens had been
obtained in Korea by Mr. Malcolm Anderson, who
was making collections of the fauna of Eastern
Asia for the Duke of Bedford. — A communication
from Mr. G. A. Boidenger contained descriptions.;
of a new lizard, a new snake, and a new toad col-
lected in Uganda by Mr. E. Degen. — Mr. R. I.
Pocock read a paper on the gestation and parturi-
tion of certain monkeys that had bred in the
Society's menagerie in the spring of the present
year.
Microscopical. — May 16. — Dr. D. H. Scott,.
President, in the chair. — Dr. Bernstein gave an
account of some observations recently made on the
parasites of malaria and the phagocytic action of
the polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The subject
was illustrated by a large number of drawings upon
the blackboard, showing the results of observations-
during the examination of blood taken from a.
patient suffering from malarial fever. The observa-
tions were made at intervals of a few minutes
during a period of five hours. A crescent form of
the parasite was seen to become engulfed by a
leucocyte, in which it was soon surrounded by
vacuoles and was ultimately destroyed, only the
pigment granules remaining ; other ieucocyto
afterwards approached and absorbed some of the
granules. The blood film was stained, and t he-
preparation showing the pigment granules in the
p>lvmorphonuelear leucocytes was exhibited under
a microscope at the meeting. — Mr. C. Beclc
exhibited and described a simple wave-lengthi
N°4101, June 2, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
675
spectrometer designed by Mr. E. M. Nelson, in
■conjunction with Mr. J. W. Gordon, for the pur-
pose of testing colour-screens. It consisted of a
diffraction grating, a slit, a collimating lens, and
an eye lens. Mr. Gordon had worked out a method
of measuring wave-lengths by this instrument
without any reference to tables (as shown by a
■diagram exhibited), wave-lengths being read off in
millionths of an inch. — The President referred to
the annual exhibition of pond life, in giving which
the Fellows had been assisted by members of the
■Quekett Microscopical Club. Nearly forty micro-
scopes were upon the tables.
Anthropological Institute. — May 22.— Prof.
W. Gowland, President, in the chair. — Mr. T. C.
Hodson exhibited a series of slides of stone monu-
ments found in Assam. He subsequently read a
paper on the genua (tabu) among the tribes of
Assam. The tabus are of two kinds, general or
communal, as contrasted with private or individual
tabus. Communal tabus are observed by the whole
village, which consists of several exogamous sub-
divisions, and are automatic, in the sense that they
are of regular occurrence or necessarily follow the
occurrence of some event. These regidar tabus are
mostly connected with the crops, and arc frequently
times of great licence. The village is made genna
before the crop is sown, at the harvest home, and
sometimes on the appearance of the first blade of
the crop. When the village is genna every one
must stay in until the tabu is over, and it some-
times lasts as long as ten days, and no one who is
outside is allowed to come in. The village is also
yeuna when a rain-making ceremony is necessary ;
and in fact any magical ceremony for the good of
the whole community is necessarily accompanied
by a general genna. Gemma are also occasioned by
natural phenomena, such as earthquakes, eclipses,
&c, and by the annual ceremony of laying the
ghosts of those who have died within the year.
Individual gennas are necessary at all important
•events in life, such as childbirth or marriage, and
are as inevitable as crop gennas. They are also
extended to certain foods, especially in the case of
the head man of the village, and are necessary
when any person wishes to erect a monolith,
usually for self-glorification. Such an individual
is genua from the moment when he takes the first
steps towards erecting a monolith until the stone
is finally in position. Slides of these monuments
were shown by Mr. Hodson. Gennas are also
occasioned by the birth or death of any animal
within the house ; and warriors before and after a
raid are subject to them.
British Numismatic. — May 23. — Mr. Carlyon-
Britton, President, in the chair. — Messrs. Wil-
loughby Gardner, Charles Gregory, George D.
Nichols, and William H. Wells, and the Ermitage
Imperial of St. Petersburg, were elected to
membership. — The members tendered a resolution
■of sympathy with the relatives of Mr. Richard A.
Hoblyn, F.S.A. , whose recent decease had
•deprived the Society of one of its Council, and
was a loss to arclucology. — The paper of the
■evening, ' Historical Notes on the First Coinage
•of Henry II.,' was contributed by the President.
Except with regard to the Pipe Roll of Henry I.,
which had been treated by Mr. Andrew, no
systematic search or notation of the earl)- rolls of
the Exchequer had previously been made for the
purposes of comparison with the coinage of the
period ; but Mr. Carlyon- Brit ton now supplied a
-complete record of the numismatic references con-
tained in the rolls for the twenty-one years f rum
ll.i-l to 117<>. They comprised nearly four
hundred entries, and included the names of
•eighty-two moneyers, with the various cities and
boroughs in which the)' coined. These chiefly
-concerned, returns of the fees, tines, and penalties
■due to the Exchequer ; but some of them were of
-a varied and more interesting character. The
author was able to identify most of the names
recorded with those on existing coins, many
examples of which he exhibited, and in this
relation it wis interesting to note- the intnKbieti.ni
of the surname, which was then gradually extend-
ing over England. For example, Alwin of London
•on the coins became Alwin Finch in the roll ;
Richard of Exeter appeared as Richard lulz
Estrange ; and Fires Mer : and I'ires Sal : of
London were extended into Peter Meielin and
Peter de Salerna, and so on, until the records
seemed to be almost a directory of the coinage.
The whole tenor of the paper confirmed the con-
tention that the moneyer whose name and place of
mintage appeared on the coins was a person of
considerable wealth and importance, who farmed
the dies, and employed artisans (usually termed in
the roll " men of the moneyer") to do the manual
and executive work. Mr. Carlyon-Britton acknow-
ledged his indebtedness to the publications of the
Pipe Roll Society, which had materially lightened
the task of research. — Mr. L. A. Lawrence exhi-
bited a half - groat of the first coinage of
Edward III., when the Roman M was still in use,
and a groat and half -groat of Henry VI. with
obverses of the pinecone - mascle coinages and
reverses of the annulet type ; and Mr. H. M.
Reynolds, a penny of Harthacnut of the Langport
mint. — Mr. L. Forrer and Mr. E. H. Waters made
presentations of numismatic works to the Library
of the Society.
TfES
Wed.
MEETINGS XEXT WEEK.
Roval Institution. 5.—' Northern Winter Sports : Sweden and
its People.' Lecture II., Col. V. Balck.
Archaeological Institute. 4 — ' Notes on the Early Architectural
History of the Parish Church of Worth, in Sussex,' and
• Notes on the Architecture of Denharu Church, Bucks,' Mr.
W. P. I). Stebbing.
— Entomological. «. — ' Predaceous Insects.' and ' On some Forms
of Papmo dardanus,' Prof. E. B. Poulton ; 'Notes on the
BlattidaV Mr. K. Shelford ; 'On the Bionomics of some
Butterflies from the Victoria Nyanza Region,' Mr. S. A.
Neave.
Turns. Royal, 4.30.
— Royal Institution. 5— 'Man and the Glacial Period,' Lec-
ture III.. Prof. W. J. Sottas.
— Linnean. s. — 'On Two New Species of Populus from Dar-
jeeling,' Mr. H. H. Haines : ' Biscuvan Plankton : Part VIII.
The Cephalopoda,' Mr. W. E. Boyle; Part IX. The
Medusa?.' Mr. E. T. Browne.
— Chemical. S.'.JO.— ' Ammonium Selenate and the Question of
Isodimorphism in the Alkali Series,' Mr. A. E. H. Tutton ;
'An Improved Beckman Apparatus for Molecular Weight
Determination, ' Mr. J. M. Sanders; 'Resolution of Lactic-
Acid by Morphine,' Mr. J. C. Irriue ; and other papers.
Fri. Astronomical, 5.
— Geologists Association. 8— 'The Higher Zones of the Upper
Chalk in the Western Part of the London Basin,' Messrs.
H. J. Osborne White anil LI. Treacher.
— Physical, 8.— 'On the Solution of Problems in Diffraction by
the Aid of Contour Integration,' Mr. H. Pavies : ' The Effect
of Radium in facilitating the Visible Electric Discbarge
in Vacuo,' Mr. A. A. Campbell Swiuton ; 'Fluid iLiijuid1
Resistance.' Col. de Villamil.
— Royal Institution. 9.—' Studies on Charcoal and Liquid Air,'
Prof. Sir .1. Dcwar.
Sat. Royal Institution, 3.—' Inspiration in Poetry,' Prof. W. M.
Dixon.
#ci*na (Snsstp.
The Clarendon Press are now publish-
ing ' An Introduction to Logic,' by Mr.
H. W. B. Joseph, Fellow and Tutor of New
College. He has done his best to avoid a
superfluity of technical terms, and goes
back largely to Aristotle ; but all the Greek
quoted will be translated.
A Report on the International Congress
of Medicine held at Lisbon in April lias just
been published as a Parliamentary Paper.
The price is \d.
The death is announced, in the eighty-
seventh year of his age, of Prof. Lindhagen,
who, after studying at the University of
Upsala, became assistant at the observatorv
tliere, removing to that at Pulkowa in 1847.
from winch he was called by the Royal
Swedish Academy of Sciences to be astro-
nomer at the Stockholm Observatory in
1855. In 1851 he undertook a share in the
Russo-Swedish geodetical operations ; and
in 1860 he joined an expedition to observe
the total eclipse of the sun in Spain. His
literary activity also was considerable, both
in scientific and popular publications. Whilst
at Pulkowa he married a daughter of the
famous F. G. W. Struve, by whom he leaves
tun sons and three daughters.
Thi: death, in his seventy-eighth year, is
reported from Heidelberg of the naturalist
Baron Karl Robert von Osten-Sacken. He
was the author of several works on zoology,
and ms collection of beetles was specially
valuable. He was born in St. Petersburg,
and was a member of a well-known Russian
family.
Thi: distinguished anthropologist Her-
mann Obst, whose death in his seventieth
year is also reported, was one of the founders
of the Lcipziger Yolkorinuseuin, with which
his very valuable collections were incor-
porated. He was considered one of the
chief authorities on Asiatic races, among
whom he frequently travelled for purposes
of study.
The summer solstice occurs this year at
9 o'clock in the morning, by Greenwich time,
on the 22nd inst. The moon will be full at
9h. 12m. in the evening on the 6th, and new
at llh. 6m. on the morning of the 21st. She
will be in perigee on the morning of the 6th.
The planet Mercury will be at superior con-
junction with the sun on the 8th, and visible
in the evening during the latter part of the
month, moving from the constellation
Gemini into Cancer, and passing about
5* due south of Pollux on the 26th. Venus
is increasing in brightness in the evening ;
she will be near Pollux on the 14th, enter
Cancer on the 17th, and be in conjunction
with the moon on the 24th. Mars is not-
visible tliis month. Jupiter will be in con-
junction with the sun on the 10th. Saturn
is visible in the morning, nearly stationary
in the north-western part of the constella-
tion Pisces.
A new small planet was photographically
discovered by Prof. Max Wolf at the Konig-
stuhl Observatory, Heidelberg, on the 13th
tdt. The publication of some earlier plates
has enabled Prof. Berberich to identify a
few recent discoveries with previous registra-
tions, and it would seem that some of these
bodies are subject to variations of bright-
ness. One announced at Heidelberg in
1905, and afterwards numbered 556 and
named Stereoscopia, is found to be identical
with one discovered by Dr. Pulfrich, using
the stereo-comparator at Jena, on June 9th,
1899. Other identities are probable.
S. Exebo, of Dombaas, Dovre, Norway,
announces the variability of a star in the
constellation Gemini. It is numbered
+ 26°. 1412 in the Bonn ' Durchmusterung.'
In the spring of 1904 its magnitude was
about 95, from which it had increased by the
end of that year to about 9 1, afterwards
gradually returning to 9*5, at which it
seems to have remained in the spring of
the present year. It will be numbered
var. 40, 1906, Geminorum.
FINE ARTS
FLEMISH PICTURES AT THE
GUILDHALL.
From; the point of view of the mere con-
noisseur this woidd be a notable exhibition,
were it only for the collection of early paint-
ings in Gallery I., to which alone, we observe,
Mr. Temple provides an explanatory preface.
From the Gymnasium of Hermanstadt,
in Hungary, comes one of the two fairly
well-reputed works here by that rarest of
masters Hubert van Eyck, and apart from
the interest of rarity, botli this small portrait
and Sir Frederick Cook's Three Maries at
tlie Tomb are examples of realism at its
highest pitch of delicacy and nobility, though
neither of them lias to the same degree as
the upper panels of the Client altarpieoe
the peculiar aspiration that marks the
author of the latter as a painter of another
character from John van Eyck. '.The
Three Maries.' in fact, though at a rather
lower level of intensity and perfection,
resembles the great lower central panel of
the Client masterpiece - -the part of the work
precisely which seems to many, whichever
brother painted it. the most splendid and
powerful of all, and the technical quality
of which the host work of John greatly
rwscnibles, though it may scarcely eV6f
070
THE ATHEN^UM
N°4101, Jink 2, 1006
attain such a pitch of imaginative power.
To any l>ut the purely retrospective student,
indeed, John van Eyck's work must now
seem of greater value, when shown at its
full pitch of intensity, than the work of those
of his contemporaries and successors whose
aim was to present an ideal rather than to
record facts. He is not, however, in the
present exhibition thus shown at his best.
In the Virgin and Child (No. 3) he seems,
curiously enough, to have been hampered
by the smallness of scale of the work, nor
is No. 4, the portrait of a man, more satis-
factory ; the Enthronement of Thomas a
Becket (5) is a crowded composition, every
head in which seems to have been painted
at a much later date ; while the large trip-
tych (7), said to be his latest work, suggests
that inspiration had deserted him : we have
the procedure and the finish, but the vitality
is gone, and the colour is at once sickly and
foolishly bright. For an example of the
realistic portraiture we connect with his
name we have (besides the Hubert van Eyck
already mentioned) the forceful Edward
Grimston (25), by Peter Christus ; while
Memlinc's noble pair of portraits of Moreel
and his wife (18 and 19) from Brussels,
mark the transition between that realism
and the idealization of the more strictly
religious painter.
Memlinc is often praised for his religious
feeling. His modern popularity, however,
is rather due to the fact that he never
allowed his religious convictions to go to the
length of making his pictures disquieting
or uncompanionable — other than pleasant
everyday things to live with, the gentle
exaltation of Barbara Moreel being about
as intense an emotion as is usual with this
poet of dignified, yet easy and enjoyable
leisure. See the Duke of Devonshire's
Triptych, with its serene landscape (21) ;
note the delicate beauty, in particular, of the
young girl to the beholder's right in the
central picture. Here is truth, idealized
may be, but breathing aspirations that can
never grow stale in a busy and hustling
world.
It is otherwise with many of the dis-
tinctiveljr religious pictures which come
later in the show, and which carry on the
spirit rather of Van der Weyden than of
John van Eyck. There is something in
the work of Van der Weyden that is not
without its message to a generation absorbed
in the hunt after material prosperity, a kind
of eerie and transcendental earnestness ; but
the works of his less inspired followers
express little except the instinctive self-
repression and self-effacement, the spiritless
submission, that is so potent a factor in the
dreariness of modern existence. We cannot
greatly love this sort of thing, nor even in
the name of superior culture ought we to
try to do so, and in several of these later
pictures our interest shifts to the rather
charming landscape backgrounds. An in-
stance of this may be found in The Virgin
by the Fountain (59) or the Virgin and Child
(61) by Patinir. In Gerhard David's scenes
from the life of St. Nicholas (49) we have a
slight revival of the realistic spirit, and again
and again throughout the exhibition beauti-
ful fragments (in the way of red drapery and
the like) that are the despair of modern
technicians. The Last Supper (73), of much-
disputed origin, is a curious jumble of many
influences insufficiently digested, yet speaking
here and there of great native ability in its
rather unlucky author. The portrait of
Mary Tudor (75) is accomplished and sym-
pathetic, but somewhat marred by a left eye
disquietingly out of place.
It is our contention that the true use of
these retrospective exhibitions is not to
bury contemporary art, but to revive it,
and we trust that the painter who visits
the Guildhall will linger long in this gallery,
for rarely has there been gathered in so
small a compass more technical accomplish-
ment than is to be found here, where are,
moreover, some of the best pictures of their
kind ever painted. Having so lingered and
saturated himself with their spirit, let him
descend into the second gallery and examine,
just against the door by wliich he enters,
the portrait of Van Zurpelan and his wife
by Jacob Jordaons.
Is there any but experiences a sense
of deliverance, of emerging into a freer
air and a larger life ? It is not a mere
question of technique ; the technique is the
inevitable outcome of a franker and more
generous ideal, for Jordaens is as much an
idealist as any purveyor of downcast
Madonnas, and we submit to the conscience of
the modern painter the question, Is not this
genial ideal, with its glorification of the more
social qualities, its happy confidence in the
fundamental health fulness of naUire, a
healthy and useful ideal for us to-day ? Is
not the technique which it needs for its
adequate expression, elastic, based in its
very conception on acceptance of the move-
ment, the ebb and flow of nature as the law
of life — essentially more beautiful than that
other, the expression of mediaeval rigidity ?
In so far as a painter is impartial, realistic,
the interest of his work is abiding, valid for
all ages ; but in each successive generation
that interest is eclipsed by another, more
transitory, but more poignant, which is
wielded by the man of ideals ; and here
at first sight seems an injustice to the philo-
sopher, in whose broader view sinner is as
necessary to the general scheme of things
as saint — at first sight only, however, for
though the human race as a whole may be
perfect, balanced, yet at any given moment
it has terrible imperfections, and a healthy
consciousness of this tends to worship of the
qualities most wanting. Naturally, in a
bloodthirsty and violent age, the beauty of
mercy, of pity for the weak, of shrinking
from anything approaching brutality, seemed
almost unearthly, and its worship tended to
moral balance. It is not at all so healthy a
cult in a super-civilized society of shy
creatures of routine, who have to be en-
couraged to do anything so odd as follow
their inclinations — a society artificially pro-
tected from anything that might disturb
its ennui. With no inconsiderable section
of the community to-day (and a well-
meaning body of people it is), life tends to
become imprisoned within narrow frontiers,
not by any material force, but by the
softer and more clinging bonds of cowardly
habit, and it is the part of the artist to kindle
sedition beneath the surface of tliis seeming
content. Have you an itching for freer
self-expression, for more intimate confidences
than are prescribed by convention, a hanker-
ing after private adventure or public
splendour, then you have possibly in you
the stuff of perhaps not an immediately
successful, but a most useful artist ; you
may even ultimately gather recognition as
one well-behaved citizen after another
gains courage to confess his secret sym-
pathy.
To no small degree the art of Rubens and
of Jordaens answers in this fashion to our
secret needs. One part of their message,
indeed — their praise of material well-being
— we have assimilated thoroughly enough.
We are lapped and padded in comfort ; but
the luxury of free intercourse, the zest for
adventure, for the frank following of indi-
vidual taste instead of fasliion, the thirst
for public gaiety and public splendour —
these, the joys of liberty, must still be
extolled before we consent to take them.
Of the three great attempts at decoration on
a generous scale here placed side by side,
the Rubens is not so fine as the Jordaens,
while the Van Dyck is inferior to the Rubens ;
yet all are spacious and splendid examples
of the sort of art we need, but do not, in an
economic sense, demand. Finer than his
great historical swagger, Rubens's Lioness
(94) is (despite a doubtful twist in the back)
a glorious presentment of beauty and power.
Some Van Dyck portraits (one or two of
which are in his most elegant mood, but none
in his most virile) and a fine landscape by
Teniers (107) are the most important of the
other later pictures in the historic section.
Among the moderns we are on much lower
ground with one exception. A modest little
interior, Hall of the Brewers' House (199), by
H. de Brakeleer, is a work of genuine merit,
as is also the portrait (182) by Alfred Cluy-
senaar, an Orpen of other days. Emile
Wauters shows a kind of aimless com-
petence, along with Baron Leys. Towering
above these, Alfred Stevens reveals him-
self the master he was in his narrow vein.
(Fedora, No. 206, and L'Accouchee, No. 204,
might well have been omitted from what is
otherwise a collection of singularly beautiful
work.) The charm of this artist just eludes
analysis, and almost as elusive is his method
of painting. Inasmuch as his work is suffi-
ciently recent to be almost contemporary,
there must be a few people living who could
speak authoritatively as to his method, and
it would be interesting to establish some
record of his technical processes before the
tradition is lost.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL NOTES.
In an article not yet published Prof.
Sayce continues the study, begun by him
twenty-two years ago, of the true names of
the Assyrian kings recorded under Greek
forms by Ctesias. He then pointed out that
S6s is the form that the name of the Sun-God
Samas regularly takes in Greek, Samas-
Ramman being thus the Sosermos of the
Greek physician. To this he now adds that
B ellepares must be the Assyrian ' ' Bilu-labiru , ' '
or " Bel the elder," mentioned in the inscrip-
tion of Tiglath-pilezer I. ; and he compares
this with the classical Bellerophon, a name
which has hitherto defied interpretation.
That Semiramis was probably Sammu-ramat,
the queen of Adad-nirari III., has long been
conjectured ; but Prof. Sayce has now found
the masculine form of the same name in one
Sumu-rame, a West Semitic name which
conceals another form of the Sun-God's name
mentioned above, and which passed into
Hebrew as Shem. Why Semiramis should
have become so famous in history, or rather
in legend, is still unknown ; but Prof. Sayce
suggests that the first royal lady of that name
was probably the wife of Hammurabi or
some other king of the first Babylonian
dynasty, and that most of the stories that
have gathered round her were originally
told of the goddess Ishtar. The article in
question will appear in an early number of
the Proceedings of the Society of Biblical
Archaeology.
Mr. Garstang, concerning whom it was
stated in the last instalment of these Notes
that nothing had been heard, has now
written from Abydos to say that on the
concession that he has there received he
finds work enough to occupy him for four
or five years, and that he hopes this time
effectively to clear the site which many
previous explorers have reported as " ex-
hausted," only to find that their suc-
cessors gleaned from it a richer crop than
before. He has obtained many objects of
Hyksos times at Esneh ; and from the
N°4101, June 2, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
677
scarabs and other small antiquities there
discovered he hopes to be able to put the
chronology of that much-vexed period on a
satisfactory footing. But his greatest find
has been at Kostamneh, in Nubia, where he
discovered an entire necropolis as it was left
by its last users, and from this he pro-
poses to throw fresh light upon the origin
of the predynastic civilization. In particular
he seeks to show the original birth-
place of the black-lined pottery sometimes
called predynastic, and to correct the system
of so-called " sequence-dates " in several
important particulars. Altogether, the forth-
coming exhibition of the results of his expe-
dition— to be held, as usual, in the University
of Liverpool — should be most interesting.
In this connexion it may be as well to
refer again to M. Georges Foucart's remark-
able article on the painted vases of Negadah,
first summarized here (see Athenaeum,
No. 4070) some six months ago. In it he
evolves a perfectly consistent and logical
theory that the boats depicted in these
paintings are really boats, and not, as M.
Victor Loret and Mr. Cecil Torr would have
them, stockades or fortified villages. But
the curious branched signs at the prow of
each vessel lie holds to be neither palm-trees,
as M. Loret thinks, nor deck-houses, as
Prof. Petrie considers them, but ciphers or
indications of the number of days that the
festival which he supposes them to record
was intended to last. This fully agrees
with the branched sign found on the Palermo
Stone and on the ivory and ebony tablets
of the First Dynasty, and shows that, in
both these cases, the purpose of the inscrip-
tion was to record the happening of some
festival. But we may also guess, without
much fear of contradiction, that the festivals
in question were in all these cases connected
with the early conquest of Egypt, and that
the Negadah vases represent the invaders
in their many-oared galleys sweeping down
the Nile, the dancers, castanet-players,
wielders of boomerangs, and perhaps the
gazelles and other animals, representing the
aborigines standing on the banks, and por-
trayed, with due regard to the later Egyptian
conventions of perspective, as above the boats.
That these invaders came from the south
seems certain ; but was that their first
starting place — or, in other words, were
they Africans or Asiatics ? That is the ques-
tion which now requires to be solved, and
perhaps the solution will not be long delayed.
Less disputable matter is to be found in
the translation by Prof. Golenischeff, in
M. Maspero's Recueil de Travaux, of a text
in the Hermitage at St. Petersburg. Of
this text, which is on papyrus, and appa-
rently (though the fact is nowhere stated)
in hieroglyphics, he presents a full tran-
scription and translation, with notes and
commentary ; and it is to be gathered that
he will in time do the same for the other
MSS. of the Hermitage Museum, which have
till now been inaccessible for the majority
of Egyptologists. The MS. in question,
some account of which was communi-
cated by Prof. Golenischeff to the Berlin
Oriental Congress, is one of those folk-tales
or fairy stories in which the Egyptians in all
3 seem to have delighted, and sets forth
. a mariner, while sailing in the neigh-
bourhood of Punt, was shipwrecked and cast
upon an enchanted island, the king of which
was a mighty serpent, who, upon receiving
promise of worship, dismisse ! him to his
own country with assurance of supernatural
protection, and a whole shipload of pre
for the reigning Pharaoh. Prof. Goleni-
scheff points out many ani between
this tale on the one hand, and that of
Ibad the Sailor end certain episodes in
the Odyssey on tho other. In view of the
way such things go in the East, this is not
unlikely ; but M. Maspero thinks the resem-
blance too far-fetched. The assimilation
which Prof. Golenischeff discovers between
the " roc," or monstrous bird of the Arab
tale, and the " rekhiu " or three ostriches
to be found on so many objects in the royal
tomb at Negadah, is certainly rather daring.
M. Maurice Croiset has communicated to
the Academie des Inscriptions a study on
the legend of Calypso, in which he seeks to
show that two accounts of the goddess have,
in the Odyssey, been intermingled. The
earlier he would have to be that which
makes her a daughter of Oceanus and with-
out pity for her captive ; while the later is
the more human one, which represents her
as the daughter of Atlas and honestly in love
with the much-enduring hero. The pro-
position is at least reasonable.
An excellent article on ' The Origin and
Development of Sufiism ' appears in the
April Journal of tlie Royal Asiatic Society.
The author, Mr. Reynold Nicholson, thinks
that though quietism and mysticism were
not unknown to the earliest Mohammedans,
a complete change took place in this respect
about 800 a.d., and that this must be attri-
buted to the influence of Greek mystics, as
exemplified by the Christian Gnostics and
the pagan Neo-Platonists. He points out
that the first Mohammedan writer who
attempts to define Sufiism is Maruf el-Karkhi,
whose parents were Mandaean Christians ;
and he gives some curious information as to
the extent to which Babylon was always con-
sidered by the orthodox Moslem as the
primitive seat of magic and alchemy. Yet
these pseudo-sciences probably came to the
Arabs not direct from Chaldaca, but through
the intermediary of the Coptic monks, who
were great practisers of " curious arts," and
hence the belief common in Islam that the
hieroglyphs of the Egyptian sculptures really
cover magical secrets. The more speculative
features of Sufiism were, however, as Mr.
Nicholson clearly shows, taken straight from
the later Greek philosoplry, which no doubt
found congenial soil in the minds of the
Persians, who were as Aryan as the first
founders of philosophy.
M. Senart in a recent discourse to the
Academie des Inscriptions gave the welcome
news that many photographs of the Angkor
inscriptions (as to which see Athena um.
No. 4080) have been received, and will
shortly be published. We shall therefore
have a chance of judging the relics of the
much-talked-of art of the Khmers at first
hand.
Mr. Alan H. Gardiner, author of ' The
Inscription of Mes' and other Egyptological
studies, has been appointed Worcester
Scholar in Egyptology in succession to Mr.
Bandall-Maclver, who has just been writing
about Rhodesia and the Zimbabwe ruins.
Oxford will thereby get another Berlinist.
THE T. H. WooDs AND OTHER SALES.
Messrs. Christie's sale last Saturday was partly
made up of the small, but curiously unequal collec-
tion of the late head partner in the firm, Thomas
Hoade Woods, and partly <>f properties from a
number <>f sources, the day's total for l-'f7 lota
amounting to the exceedingly high figure of
58,3111. 3«. <'k/.. a total which is nol likely to be
exceeded t hia Beason.
Although Mr. WbodB'a collection of eighty-
five lota contributed only about one - third —
19,9422. 12s. 6a\- to the day's total, if furnished
most of the more inter ituresof the Bale.
Hia firsl purchase was made in 1852, when he gave
II. iQe. for a pair of pastels by Hubert of a young
Pierrot in white dreaa and hat, and a young girl in
dark bodice (this pair now sold for eight guim
and from that time till In- retired from Christie's
his purchases in the saleroom averaged but about
one picture a year. In most cases his judgment
was amply vindicated on Saturday. At" least
three of his bargains stand out in clear relief
from the others. The Hoppner portrait of Lady
Waldegrave (Cornelia van Lennap, wife of Sir
William Waldegrave, who was created Baron
Radstock in 1800), in grey dress and large straw
hat, with blue ribbon, was purchased in 1881 for
23gs., and now sold for 6,000gs. The Lawrence
portrait of Miss Emily C. Ogilvie (who married
Charles Beauclerk in 1799), in yellow dress with blue
sash, purchased in 1885 for 195gs., now brought
3,000gs. ; and the beautiful group of the Stanhope
children by Romney, the two sons of Charles, third
Earl of Harrington, purchased at the Edward
White sale in 1872 for 28gs., now found a new
owner at 4,600gs. It is not a little curious that
there is no record whatever of Romney ever having
painted these children, and yet there can be no
question of his having painted this picture.
Two other Romneys may be here mentioned : a
head of Lady Hamilton, engraved by Scott Bridg-
water in 1897, brought 300gs. , as against 10/. paid for
it at the Auldjo sale in 1859, a fairly good price at
that time for a small Romney ; and a portrait of
Mr. Forbes of Culloden, bought for two guineas,
now realized 350gs.
Mr. Woods's other pictures included : G.
Jacquet, A Type of Beauty, head of a girl, 1889,
from The Graphic Gallery, 260gs. R. R. Reinagle,
River Scene, with castles and peasants, 50gs.
Baptiste, Vases of Flowers (a pair), 54gs. (this pair
cost seven shillings in 1866). F. H. Drouais,
Madame de Pompadour, in white flowered dress,
17Qgs. (cost 6/. 15.--. in 1863). T. de Keyser, Portrait
of a Lady, in black and yellow dress, lOOgs. (cost
1/. 5*. in 1864). P. Mignard, Mary Mancini, in rich
yellow dress with purple cloak, loOgs. Sir
William Beechey, Lad}- Whitbread (Lady Mary
Keppel, daughter of the fourth Earl of Albemarle),
in white dress with yellow scarf, 520gs. (cost 26gs.
in 1877) ; a beautiful copy of Reynolds's Portrait
of Mrs. Sheridan as St. Cecilia, 750gs. This copy
was commissioned by R. B. Sheridan, but he never
claimed or paid for it, and on March 20th, 182ti. as
appears from an entry in an unpublished account-
book of Beechey's, it was sold to a Mr. Burgess
(one of Sheridan's creditors) for lOOgs. Mr. Woods
paid 120/. for it some years ago. G. H. Harlow,
Portrait of a Lad}', in dark dress, 210gs. J.
Northcote, Mrs. Hughes, in white dress, loOgs.
(cost 10gs.). Reynolds, Mrs. Robinson ("Perdita"'),
in white dress, a version of the picture in the
Wallace C llection, 480gs. (cost 50gs. at the Wynn
Ellis sale, 1876) : Miss Ridge, in white dress,
115gs. : Master Hare, in white dress and mauve
sash, ISOgs.
With regard to the second portion of the day's
sale, it will be more convenient to our readers it
we group the pictures by various artists, rather
than follow the order in which the works were
sold. The honours of the day were about equally
divided between Romney and Raeburn. On the
score of price Romney takes precedence. His fine
portrait of Mrs. Mingay, wife of the eminent
K.C.. James Mingay, painted in 1786 for 40gs.,
now brought (i.2(Ktgs. The portrait of William
Petrie, of the East India Company, painted when
the sitter was home on furlough in 1777 for Sags.,
realized 830gs. The Romnoy portrait of Mrs.
Siddon's, originally intended for a whole-length,
but out down to 30in. by 'Join., given by the
artist to his old friend Daniel Braithwaite, and
inherited by the late Judge Martineau, brought
2,500gs. The other Romneys were : Portraitol a
Lady, in white dress with yellow sash, a veryearlj
example, 540gs,; Portrait of a Young Girl, in
white dress, anus folded, hair falling on her
shoulders, 7">Oi:s. : Mrs. Dawk. . ; wife ot
Morris Robinson, and mother of the third ami
fourth T,..nl Rokebys, in white satin cloak trimmed
with fur, 320gs. ; ami Mi-s Honoria Dav<
daughter of the above by her first husband, in
pink dress with blue muslin scarf, 350gs. (both very
early pict ures, painted about 1765 or a little lat
The most important of the Raeburnswasa group
of John Johnstone of Uva, his sistei
and his niece Miss Wedderburn, 5,800g . Three
►-length portraits of the Harvey family wt
Lee Hai •■ i j . of the Gord m H
seaiht coat and white h; .
ey and her Daughter, in v
2,200gs. ; and John Harvi I nplc,
678
THE ATHENiEUM
N°4101, Ji:ni-:2, 1906
62(>gs. The other Raeburns were: Mrs. Fergusson,
daughter of the William Petrie above named as
painted l>y Ronmey, in green dress with scarlet
shawl, l,650gs. ; Mrs. Fergusson of Monkhood, in
white dress with yellow fichu, 2,350gs. ; Charles
Gordon, fourth Karl at Aboyne, in brown coat,
white vest, and black breeches, 250gs. ; Lord
Douglas Hallyburton of Pitcur, 130gs. ; Lord Glen-
lee, Lord President of the Court of Session,
engraved by Walker, 020gs. ; and Dr. George
Cameron when a Boy, in dark blue coat, 580gs.
Gainsborough, Indiana Talbot, wife of Lewis
Peak Garland, in light blue dress with gold trim-
ming, 980gs. (sold by one member of the family at
Christie's on May 0th, 1905, when it was bought
for 2,000gs. by another, Mr. C. T. Garland, who
has since died). Morland, Rocky Coast Scene,
with fishermen hauling up a boat on a sandy
beach, signed, 500gs. ; Winter Landscape, with
two horses and a donkey taking shelter by the side
of a shed, 780gs. Reynolds, Mrs. Thomas Orby
Hunter, in white bodice and blue dress lined with
ermine, 420gs. (at the Earl of Egremont's sale,
1892, it fetched only lOOgs.); Miss Theophila
Palmer, in pink and white dress with black cape,
170gs. Lawrence, John, sixth Duke of Bedford,
in brown coat, 500gs. Hoppner, Miss Lucy Clark,
afterwards Mrs. Addison, in white dress with blue
sash, 340gs. ; Richard Burke, Recorder of Bristol,
in dark coat, 265gs. Angelica Kauffman, Miss
Anne Braithwaite, wife of Dr. Robert Batty, in
white dress, 400gs. W. Hamilton, The Duke of
Hamilton's Return from Coursing, engraved by
A. Cardon, 230gs. R. M. Paye, Portrait of
his Daughter, Miss W. Paye, afterwards Mrs.
Richard Hayward, in black dress with white
collar, 420gs. W. Pratt, A Cricket Match on
Bembridge Common, Isle of Wight, signed and
dated 1761, 140gs. P. Nasmyth, Extensive View
over a Woody Landscape with Peasants, 265gs.
F. Guardi, Procession of Triumphal Cars on the
Piazza of St. Mark's, Venice, 150gs. ; Pair of Views
near Venice, with ruined buildings, &c. , 230gs.
Sir J. Watson Gordon, Sir Walter Scott, in dark
coat and yellow vest, 400gs. A. Ostade, Portrait
of a Boy, in black dress, holding his gloves in his
left hand, 1666, 240gs.; Portrait of a Boy, in black
dress and grey cloak, holding his hat in his right
hand, 180gs.
Drawings : J. Downman, Miss Mary Cruik-
shank, in white dress, 230gs. ; Miss Nott, in white
dress and large hat, 350gs. ; George Lock, of Nor-
bury Park, when a boy, resting his arm en a chair,
55gs. D. Gardner, Miss Hopkins (afterwards Mrs.
Neville), in white dress with yellow cloak, in
gouache, 180gs.
Messrs. Christie also sold on the 29th idt. the
following engravings. After Zoffany : The Flower-
Girl, by J. Young, 47/. ; The Watercress-Girl, by
the same, 27/. After Reynolds : A Bacchante, by
W. Nutter, 52/. ; Signora Bacelli, by J. R. Smith,
67/. After Bunbury : Black-Eyed Susan, by
Dickinson, 35/. After Bigg : Cottage-Girl shelling
Peas, by P. W. Tomkins, 43/. After Morland :
Feeding the Pigs, by J. R. Smith, 53/. After
Romney : Mrs. Stables and Children, by J. R.
Smith, 25/. After Lawrence : Countess Gower
and Daughter, by S. Cousins, 109/. After Land-
seer : The Stag at Bay, by T. Landseer, 29/. By
A. H. Haig: Mont St. Michel, 36/. By Sir F.
Seymour Haden : Shere Mill-Pond, 67/. After
Meissonier : Piquet, by A. Boulard, 28/. ; The
Sergeant's Portrait, by J. Jacquet, 27/. ; Partie
Perdue, by F. Bracquemond, 27/. ; 1806. by J.
Jacquet, 33/. ; 1807, by the same, 63/. ; 1814, by
the same, 94/. ; La Rixe, by F. Bracquemond, 94/.
3Fine-^rt dossip.
An exhibition of oil paintings by Mr.
Charles Ricketts is now open at the Dutch
Gallery, 14, Grafton Street.
The Fourteenth Exhibition of the Photo-
graphic Salon will take place at 5a, Pall Mall
East, from September 14th to October 27th.
The receiving day is September 3rd.
The frontispiece of the June number of
The Burlington Magazine is a photogravure
of a hitherto unknown portrait drawing by
Gentile Bellini, which was recently discovered
at Constantinople by Mr. F. R. Martin, of
the Swedish Legation, who contributes a
note on the subject. The first editorial
article, ' Some Pressing Questions of the
Public Service,' deals with the directorship
of the National and Tate Galleries. There
is another short editorial article on the late
M. Emile Molinier. Mr. Robert Ross writes
on ' The Place of William Blake in English
Art,' and Mr. W. R. Valentiner on ' The
Blinding of Samson,' by Rembrandt, recently
acquired by the Frankfort Gallery. The
first part of an account of the exhibtion of
Netherlandish art at the Guildhall is con-
tributed by Mr. W. H. J. Weale ; Mr. A. J.
Finberg writes on ' Some so-called Turners
in the Print-Room,' and Mr. A. Van de Put
on ' Valencian Tiles.' Among the other
contents are the conclusion of Mr. R. S.
Clouston's ' Eighteenth- Century Mirrors,'
and (in the American Section) an article by
Miss Gisela Richter on the Canessa collection
of Greek and Roman pottery in the New
York Metropolitan Museum.
We recently referred to the acquisition
by the Louvre of the portrait of Madame
de Calonne by Ricard, and now we notice
that the Petit Palais has acquired what is
described as the most important known
work by the same artist, a whole-length
portrait of the Marquise Landolfo Carcano.
The Annual Congress of the Archaeological
Societies in Union with the Society of Anti-
quaries will be held at Burlington House on
Wednesday, July 4th. Lord Avebury, Pre-
sident of the Society of Antiquaries, will be
in the chair.
MUSIC
SCHUMANN FESTIVAL AT BONN.
" How are you getting on with your
poem ? " wrote Wagner to Schumann in
1848, the reference being to the libretto of
' Genoveva,' the opera which gave the com-
poser so much trouble, and afterwards
caused him such great disappointment. In
that letter Wagner states that he is sending
the score of his ' Lohengrin ' for Schumann's
perusal, and, he hopes, approval. ' Genoveva'
and ' Lohengrin ' were both produced in
the same year, 1850, the one at Leipsic, the
other at Weimar. Of the former, however,
virtually only the noble Overture survives,
and it stood at the head of the programme
of the concert of the second day, while later
was performed the great ' Manfred ' Overture.
Both were under the direction of Dr. Joachim,
who in the latter displayed special power ;
he showed how highly he felt and esteemed
the music. Herr Ernst von Dohnanyi's
performance of the Pianoforte Concerto' in
A minor was irreproachable as regards
technique ; the reading, too, was sound
enough, though just now and again the
balance between the letter and the spirit
of the music was not absolutely perfect. An
excellent rendering of the b flat Symphony
under the direction of Prof. Gruters revealed
the charm and freshness of that work,
written in the golden season of Schumann's
art-career ; It is interesting, by the way, to
note that he originally gave the following
superscriptions to the four sections : ' Friih-
lingsbeginn,' ' Abend,' ' Frohe Gespielen,' and
' Voller Friihling.' The programme included
a ' Conzertstiick' for four horns and orchestra.
The programme-book stated that Schumann
thought highly of this work, biit that the
difficulties of the horn parts stood in the
way of frequent performance. But there is
another reason why the work is seldom
heard : the music, except for the short
middle section entitled Romanze, shows-
little or no sign of individuality ; for the
hearer the music is dry, for the performer*
ungrateful. The able soloists from Paris
were MM. J. Penable, E. Vuillermoz, J.
Copdevielle, and A. Delgrange. Why it
was selected is a mystery. There were two-
vocal numbers in the programme : the
beautiful ' Mignon ' Requiem, and the
' Neujahrslied ' for soli, chorus, and orchestra,
a work in which the promise of the first pages-
is unfortunately not fulfilled.
The third and last programme included
chamber music belonging to Schumann's
grandest period. The Pianoforte Quartet in
e flat is not so characteristic a work as the
Quintet, yet the music is very fine. Dr.
Saint-Saens was ill, and unable to come as
announced ; but Herr Ernst von Dohnanyi
took his place, the other performers being
Profs. Joachim, C. Halir (viola), and R„
Hausmann ; and the music was interpreted
with genuine, earnest feeling. Herr von
Dohnanyi was afterwards heard, and to-
special advantage, in the ' Kreisleriana/
Prof. Messchaert sang the whole of the
' Dichterliebe ' cycle : his voice — the result
probably of hard work on the previous days
— was somewhat dry, but his conception of
the songs and his declamation were altogether
admirable. Prof. Gruters played the im-
portant pianoforte parts with marked refine-
ment. The concert and the festival ended
with the ' Spanisches Liedcrspiel,' in which
Fraulein Kappel, Frau A. von Kraus-
Osborne, and Herren F. Senius and von
Kraus tastefully sang the solo and concerted
numbers. The music is pleasant enough,,
yet in this ' Liederspiel ' there is little which
recalls the charm and rhythmic life of
national Spanish mUsic.
The festival was undoubtedly a success,,
and the presence of Dr. Joachim formed a
memorable link between past and present ;.
while the holding of the festival at Bonn,,
where the composer lies buried, added to its
significance. With this commemoration of
the fiftieth anniversary of Schumann's
death was indirectly connected that of the
poet by whom the composer was so strongly
inspired : the ' Dichterliebe ' recalled the
name of Heine, who died at Paris, February-
nth, 1856.
iltttstntl (£o55tp.
The performance of Puccini's ' Madama
Butterfly ' last Saturday, with Mile. Desthm
in the title-role and Signor Caruso as F. B.
Pinker ton, and the other parts ably filled,
was bound to be a success ; but the work
itself, apart from this fine rendering, has
taken firm hold of the public. Signor Cam-
panini conducted.
Two excellent performances of ' Die
Meistersinger ' have been given with Frau
Gadsky (who sang and acted well) as Eva.
At the first Herr van Rooy was Hans Sachs,
and Mr. Whitehall, who afterwards took the
part, of course suffered by comparison ; but
still he sang and acted most creditably.
Fraulein Ternina in ' Tannhauser ' on Monday-
acted magnificently, and this largely com-
pensated for her voice, which lacked strength.
The two concerts of the Vienna Male
Choral Society at Queen's Hall on May 25th
and 28th were brilliantly successful. Glowing
accounts had previously been received of
this old-established society, and it occasion-
ally happens that disappointment is caused
through too great expectation ; in this case,
however, the result confirmed the reports.
The singers have excellent voices, the low-
notes of the basses being particularly notice-
N°4101, June 2, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
679
able for their rich, round quality ; but the
deep impression caused by the performances
•of various part-songs, sacred and secular,
•also of Wagner's ' Das Liebesmahl der
Apostel,' was owing to the clear declamation,
to the lights and shades, but especially to
the intellect and emotion displayed. The
members have, it is true, been well trained
■by the conductors, Herren E. Kremser
;and Richard Heuberger ; but without good
material to work on the best conductor
<jannot produce such exceptional results as
'those in question.
Dr. Edvabd Grieg's second concert at
'^Queen's Hall on May 24th again attracted
an immense audience. The programme
included two sonatas — one in a minor, for
"'cello and pianoforte, the other in c minor for
•violin and pianoforte ; in the former the com-
poser was assisted by Prof. Hugo Becker,
and in the latter by M. Johannes Wolff.
The performances, therefore, could not fail
to give pleasure. The Swedish vocalist
Madame Emma Hohnstrand sang eight
songs. The lady has a well-trained voice ;
moreover, her sympathetic rendering of the
music showed both skill and thought. She
^as accompanied by Dr. Grieg, and this, of
•course, added to the effect. The composer
.also played pianoforte pieces from his later
Avorks and granted as an encore his delicate
Berceuse in o.
The first volume of a ' Catalogue of Manu
-.script Music in the British Museum,' by Mr.
Augustus Hughes-Hughes, assistant in the
Department of MSS., and printed by order
of the Trustees, has just been issued. It
as devoted exclusively to sacred vocal music.
Vol. ii., which may be expected within a
year, will comprise secular vocal music ; and
-vol. hi., instrumental music, treatises on
music, &c. The present volume has most
^lseful indexes, and the two volumes to
■come will be provided with similar ones,
each volume thus being complete in itself.
It is scarcely necessary to add that such a
catalogue will be welcomed by writers on
music.
An interesting concert of music of the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was
^recently given at the Bibliatheque Nationale.
Paris, in connexion with the inauguration of
■an exliibition there. The programme in-
cluded two harpsichord suites by Couperin,
entitled ' Les Folies francaises, ou les
Dominos,' and ' Les Fastes de la grande
«t ancienne Menestrandrie,' performed by
Madame Wanda Landowska ; also ' Le
Triomphe de la Raison sur l'Amour,' a
Pastorale by J. B. Lully, second son of the
great Lully, produced at Fontainebleau,
•October 25th, 1690, in the presence of
Louis XIV. This work, written for orchestra,
chorus, and soli, was given under the direction
•of M. Ecorcheville.
The Mozart Festival will be held at Salz-
burg from the 14th to the 20th of August.
Two performances of ' Don Giovanni ' will
be given, and two of 'Figaros Hochzeit.'
There will be one orchestral and two chamber
•concerts, and at one of the latter the Bur-
mester Quartet will perform tliree hitherto
unknown Divertimenti by Mozart, of which
Heir Willy Burmester possesses the auto-
graplis. There will also be a concert of
•sacred music. The conductors announced
.are MM. Felix Mottl, CUistav Mahler, and
-J. F. Hummel.
The death is announced of Heinrich
Ki iiuumi. the well-known writer on musical
subjects, and editor of the '•' Beruhmtr
Musiker " series. He composed music for
*,he organ, and was an able performer on
*hat instrument. He was born at Rengersdorf
<Silesia) in 1850.
Le Menestrel of May 27th notes that in
addition to the incidental music of Grieg for
Ibsen's ' Peer Gynt,' which in suite form has
become so popular, Stenhanuner, a Swedish
composer, has written an opera entitled
' The Feast at Solhaug.' Hugo Wolf also
wrote incidental music for that play, as did
Herr Hans Pfitzner, composer of ' Die Rose
vom Liebesgarten.' We may add that Dr.
Grieg has also set the following poems of
Ibsen to music : ' En Svane,' ' Stambogsrim,'
' Med en Vandlilje,' ' Borte,' and ' Spille-
maend.'
PEKFOKM ANTES NEXT WEEK.
Srs. Sunday League Concert. T. Queen's Hall.
Mon. — Sat. Royal Ojiera. Covent (iavden.
Tics. Miss and Mr. Chastain's Violin ami Pianoforte Recital, 3.15
Bechstein Hall.
Tin ks. Mr. Dturbishire .loness 'Cello Recital. 8.30. Bechitein Hall.
Svr. Mr. Boris Hamrwirp's Cello Recital 3, £oHan Hall.
— London Symphony Orchestral Concert, 3. Queen s Hall.
— M. rachm-.um's Pianoforte Recital, 3, Bcchstein Hall.
DRAMA
THE WEEK.
His Majesty's. — Colonel Newcomc : a
Play in Four Acts. Extracted from
' The Newcomes ' of W. M. Thackeray
by Michael Morton.
From the concluding scene of Thackeray's
novel Mr. Morton has extracted a fairly
workmanlike play, which, with Mr. Tree
as the Colonel, won on Tuesday night a
favourable reception at His Majesty's.
That the production is not in anj^ sense
a version of Thackeray's lengthy story
might be inferred without the disclaimer
put forth by the dramatist. In the times
when the great novels of Thackeray and
Dickens saw the light liberal allowance
was made, and the characters intro-
duced in a work such as ' The New-
comes ' or ' Bleak House ' constituted a
not inconsiderable microcosm. In the
present case omissions were expedient for
many reasons. The excision of the frailty
of Barnes's wife, though this supplied the
one dramatic episode in the book, was com-
mendable on ethical ground; that of the
Rev. Charles Honeyman was expedient ;
and that of the opening scenes, perhaps
the most familiar of all, counselled by the
exigencies of stage mounting. At any
rate, the action in the play begins when
the fortunes of the Colonel, though appa-
rently at their highest, are on the point of
turning, and the main interest is found
in his defeat, his treatment by the Cam-
paigner, his reconciliation with Ethel, and
his solitary death in the courtyard of the
Grey Friars. Much stress is laid on the
devotion of Madame de Florae, whose
husband disappears from the list of cha-
racters. Comic relief is shown in Lord
Farintosh, whose wooing of Ethel with
his Gaelic accessories, though effective,
is rather burlesque : Lord Kew sinks into
insignificance ; and Ethel's patronage of
Rosey is naturally discomforting to that
'• wife for a month." Farintosh, and not
Sir Barnes, is the recipient of the flagrant
insult of ('live Newcomc.
The action opens in the house of the
Colonel, who is entertaining at dinner a
mixed assemblage, including Farintosh,
Barnes Newcome, and one or two of
his Indian and military allies, the
festival being presided over by Mrs.
Mackenzie, already counting upon secur-
ing Clive for Rosey. It ends, as has
been said, in the Grey Friars, the
intervening scenes presenting the grow-
ing perplexities of the Colonel and the
insults to which he is subjected by the
Campaigner. The principal characters
find good representatives. No easy task
awaited. Mr Tree in undertaking the
Colonel. It is, however, successfully
accomplished, especially in the later
scenes, which, if elaborate, are very
touching. Those in the last act are
admirably effective. Among the parts
that are well played is Fred Bayham, a
superb rendering of whom is given by
Mr. Lyn Harding ; Mrs. Tree as the
Campaigner is the life of the piece ; and
Miss Marie Lohr is perfect as her daughter.
The Ethel of Miss Braithwaite and the
Madame de Florae of Miss Marion Terry
are beautiful in their respective lines ; and
the Clive of Mr. Basil Gill, the Barnes of
Mr. Norman Forbes, and the Lord Farin-
tosh of Mr. Sydney Brough obtain merited
recognition. The whole constitutes, indeed,
a successful and very creditable perform-
ance of a very difficult task.
Duke of York's. — The Lion and the
Mouse : a Play in Four Acts. By
Charles Klein.
Like many recent productions, ' The
Lion and the Mouse ' reaches us from New
York, and is American in characters,
environment, and sentiment. It is not
particularly ingenious in plot, nor literary
in flavour, but it tells sympathetically a
fairly pleasing story of the aid a daughter
is able to render a beloved and an oppressed
father. By his action in defeating the
planned robbery of a trust Judge Rossmore
has provoked the animosity of a body of
financiers, whose great political power
is used for securing his removal from the
bench, and menacing him with further
penalties. His daughter Shirley, a novelist,
undertakes to protect and rehabilitate him.
As Jefferson Ryder, the son of John
Burkett Ryder, the leader of the cabal,
is in love with her, she ultimately succeeds
in her task, and by the charm of her manner
converts what was her father's arch-enemy
into an influential and enterprising friend.
The heroine, taken by Miss Illingt'on, has
many opportunities (of which she avails
herself) of displaying coolness and aplomb,
and in the third act has one scene of
passionate revolt. The experiment of a
mixed American and English company is
in the main successful, the honours being
fairly divided. An excellent type of
Young America is supplied by the pre-
sentation, by Mr. Richard Bennett, of
Jefferson Ryder. Against this may be
pitted the Hon. Fitzrov Bagley of Mr.
Gilbert Hare. The general cast is satis-
factory, and the entertainment, though
scarcely remarkable, *' will serve.*'
080
THE ATHEN^UM
N°4101, Jink 2, 1906
Criterion. — The Whirlwind : a Play in
Three Acts. Translated by Harry Mel-
vill from the French of Henry Bernstein.
Produced at the Gymnase on October
20th last, 'La Rafale' of M. Henry
Bernstein stirred a French public by
the brutality of its pictures. This
fact is far from interposing any
obstacle in the way of its transference to
English boards. Against this we should,
in presence of pieces which have within
recent years found their way from France
to England, have nothing special to urge.
It has occurred to the translator, however,
to change the scene to England. A more
unfortunate inspiration could scarcely
have possessed him. That a parallel to
the Helene of the original could not be
found in our own aristocracy we will not
maintain. But the entire environment
of the action is French, not English, and in
order to accept as possible the scene in
which the false wife owns to her father
her infidelity, a complete alteration of
treatment seems indispensable. Only less
inconceivable than the wife's avowal is
the shameful bargain made and carried
out by the Countess of Ellingham and her
ally Joseph Locksley, the latter imposing
as the price of saving her lover her accept-
ance of his own embraces. However low
may be in certain society the moral tone,
we have not reached the point at which
adultery is a known and recognized social
institution. In England, accordingly, the
suppositions on which the whole action is
based seem not less repellent than incon-
ceivable. The very difficulties which
interfere with the possibility of the
wretched woman obtaining the money
to free her lover from his responsibilities
are scarcely conceivable in this country.
In France the heroine was played by
Madame Simone Le Bargy, who assigned
to the part some sorely needed excuse of
passion. Mrs. Patrick Campbell, by whom
it is now rendered, takes it in slower
time, but contrives to charge the stronger
scenes with much agony. A difficult task
awaited the representatives of the ruined
and dishonoured gambler and the loath-
some moneylender, whose rate of interest
puts to shame that of Shylock.
HAZLITT'S 'VIEW OF THE ENGLISH
STAGE.'
Will you allow me to point out that the
last sentence of the cruel attack upon
Conway, quoted by you last week in your
notice of this book, was printed by Hazlitt
in 1818 ? Conway's protest was not directed
against the anonymous newspaper criticism
of 1814, but against the reproduction of the
articles with Hazlitt's name to them in the
* View.'
The slight resemblance to the description
of Dominie Sampson cannot have been
suggested by ' Guy Mannering,' as that novel
was not published till four months after the
criticism appeared.
W. Spencer Jackson.
Dramatic (gossip.
As a lever de rideau at the Criterion is
played the first act of Mr. W. L. Courtney's
adaptation of ' Undine,' with Mrs. Patrick
Campbell as Undine and Mr. Julian Royce
as Count Hulbrund of Ringstetten. There
seems no reason for giving the piece in so
fragmentary a form.
M. Coquelin's appearance at the Royalty
took place on Monday as Noel in ' La Joie
fait Peur,' the touching one-act piece of
Delphine Gay (Madame de Girardin), and
' Les Romanesques ' of M. Rostand. In the
former role, in which he is excellent, he has
had for predecessors in this country Regnier
and Got, as well as inEnglishDionBoucicault.
First produced at the Comedie Francaise
on May 21st, 1894, the bright and fantastic
piece of M. Rostand has been more than
once seen in London.
' The Taming of the Shrew ' is tliis
evening revived at the Adelphi, in place of
' The Lonely Millionaires.' Mr. Matheson
Lang is now Lucentio, and Miss Florence
Dillon, Bianca.
' The Other Man's Business ' is the title
of a new farce which has been produced at
the Fulham Theatre.
The assignment of the management of
the Odeon to M. Antoine seems likely to
impart a little vitality to the highly respect-
able, but rather somnolent second Theatre
Francais. M. Antoine will not, as hereto-
fore, be entirely his own master, being subject
to the control of the Director of the Fine Arts.
' L'Etrange Aventure,' a three-act
comedy attributed to M. L. Gleize, and pro-
duced at the Odeon, proves to run on the
same lines with ' The Admirable Crichton '
of Mr. Barrie, and has brought on its reputed
author some charges of plagiarism.
The statue to the memory of Corneille
was inaugurated by M. Dujardin-Beaumetz,
Under-Secretary of the Fine Arts, at the
Place du Pantheon, Paris, on Sunday last.
It is by M. Allouard, and is a pendant to
that of Jean Jacques Rousseau at the Biblio-
theque Sainte Genevieve. One of Corneille's
direct descendants, Madame Pauline Deraine,
was among the company. Ten " discourses' '
were pronounced, and delegates from various
French societies were present. M. Mounet-
Sully recited some verses of Corneille, and
also aV' poeme de circonstance," ' Triomphe
Heroi'que,' by M. Gustave Zidler.
To Correspondents.— W. H. C— S. j. R.— H. F.—
G. D. F.— Received.
S. J. R.— W. M.— W. J— Noted.
No notice can be taken of anonymous communications.
We cannot undertake to reply to inquiries concerning the
appearance of reviews of books.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Authors' a«ents 654
Bell & Sons 680
Blackwood & Sons 633
Business for Disposai 654
Catalogues 654
Duckworth & Co esi
Educational 653
Exhibitions 653
goker & son 655
Harper & Brothers 655
Hurst & Blackett 658
Longmans & Co 683
Macmillan & Co 658
Magazines, &c 655,682
Methuen 658
Miscellaneous 664
Murray 657
Newspaper Agents 654
Notes & Queries 683
Printers' Pie 682
Reeve a Co 656
Sales by Auction 654
Situations vacant 653
Situations Wanted 654
Surgical Aid Society 6S3
Typewriters, &c 654
Unwin 684
MESSRS. BELLS
NEW BOOKS.
Catalogue* sent pout free on application.
Demy 8vo, with 82 Illustrations, 8*. 6d. net.
TURBINES. By W. H. Stuart Garnett,
Barrister-at-Law.
A popular hook on the subject of Steam and Water
Turbines, in which the theory of the subject is developed
concurrently with its history in such a way as to make it
readily intelligible to the general reader. The problems
which are at present associated with it are stated, with a
forecast of the possible future of the engine. At the same
time the book contains the most complete theory that has
so far been published of the well-known machines, and will
be of value to experts and to all users of power.
By
Fcap. 8vo, 6s.
A HANDBOOK TO SHAKESPEARE.
MORTON LUCE, Author of 'A Handbook to Tenny.
son,' <fec.
This ' Handbook to Shakespeare ' offers in one volume
the critical and explanatory helps that must otherwise be
sought in many books. As far as possible it embodies all
recent research ; and, like the author's ' Handbook to
Tennyson,' to which it forms a companion, it aims at
illustrating principles, while it supplies information.
Imp. 8vo, 21s. net.
THE ADMISSION REGISTERS OF ST.
PAUL'S SCHOOL FKOM 187G TO 1905. Edited with
Biographical Notices by Rev. ROBERT BARLOW
GARDINER, M.A. F.S.A., with Appendices.
NEW VOLUMES OF
BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY.
Post 8vo, 3s. 6tf. each.
HAZLITT'S YIEW OF THE ENGLISH
STAGE ; or, a Series of Dramatic Criticisms. Edited
by W. SPENCER JACKSON.
EMERSON'S WORKS. A New Edition
in 5 vols. With the Text Edited and Collated by
GEORGE SAMPSON.
Contents: — Vol. L, Essays, Representative Men. VoL IL,
English Traits, Conduct of Life, Nature. Vol. ILL, Society
and Solitude, Letters and Social Aims, Addresses. Vol. IV.,
Miscellaneous Pieces. Vol. V. , Poetical Works.
Crown Svo, Is. 6d. ; or with Answers, 2s.
A JUNIOR ARITHMETIC. By Charles
PENDLEBURY, M.A., Chief Mathematical Master at
St. Paul's School, and F. E. ROBINSON, M.A.,
Assistant Master at St. Paul's School.
*** A new Arithmetic for Lower and Middle Forms of
Secondary Schools, written on modern lines, with free
employment of Graphs, <fcc.
Crown 8vo, Is. 6d.
A FIRST YEAR'S COURSE IN
PRACTICAL PHYSICS. By JAMES SINCLAIR,
M.A.Glas. B.Sc.Lond., Head Science Master in Shaw-
lands Academy. Glasgow.
SECOND EDITION, containing 60 Papers, 2s. <xl.
GENERAL INTELLIGENCE PAPERS.
With Exercises in English Composition. By GERALD
BLUNT, M.A. F.R.G.S., Head Master Springfield
Park, Horsham.
NEW VOLUMES OF
THE YORK LIBRARY.
On thin paper, cloth, it. net ; leather, 3s. net.
HAWTHORNE'S TRANSFORMATION
(THE MARBLE FAUN).
IRYING'S SKETCH-BOOK. [«»*,*»•«.
PLUTARCH'S LIYES. Translated, with
Notes and a Life, by AUBREY STEWART, M.A., and
GEORGE LONG, M.A. 4 vols.
London: GEORGE BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N°4101, June 2, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
681
DUCKWORTH & CO.'S NEW^UBLICATIONS.
BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE VISITS OF ELIZABETH/
BEYOND THE ROCKS, a love story.
By ELINOR GLYN. Crown 8vo, 65.
" She (Mrs. Glyn) is so charming a humorist, she understands so well the heart of •woman. ' Beyond the Rocks ' is, indeed, a very charming and a very distinctive novel, and it
will even add to Mrs. Glyn's reputation." — Daily Express.
" In the tales of this clever and amusing writer there is an atmosphere which one finds in no other books of the present day. Here is a better story in ' Beyond the Rocks ' than
she has told before. She is getting more command over her materials, and displays her knowledge of men and women to better effect." — Evening yews.
" ' Beyond the Rocks ' is by far the most daring novel to which the authoress has yet put her pen. It will enhance her special reputation, and will be widely read."
Sportsman.
NOW ON SALE EVERYWHERE.
A SIXPENNY EDITION O F
THE VISITS OF ELIZABETH. By Elinor Glyn.
PRINTED IN NEAV TYPE, ON GOOD PAPER, WITH AN ILLUSTRATED COVER.
For some time past there has been a persistent call for a Sixpenny reprint of this very successful book, which is still in good demand in 0s. form, and now in its Fourteenth
Edition. It will certainly be one of the most popular Sixpenny Editions this summer.
JUST OUT, crown Svo, 6s. with Frontispiece.
KING PETER. By Dion Clayton Calthrop.
A very original novel. Peter, a boy king, is as fascinating a figure in his way as Mr. Barrie's Peter Pan.
NEW NOVEL FOR THE SUMMER SEASON.
A MOTOR CAR DIVORCE.
By L. CLOSSER HALE.
30 Illustrations, 10 in Colour, by WALTER HALE. Crown Svo, 6s.
A large Edition of this very original Automobile Story has been prepared, and it is likely to prove one of the most successful and
popular of Novels for Summer reading. Orders should be given to Booksellers and Libraries at once to ensure prompt delivery.
A NOVEL OF THE DAY.
"THE SUCCESS OP MR. TEMPLE THURSTON'S NOYEL IS ASSURED."
TRAFFIC. The Story of a Faithful Woman.
By E. TEMPLE THURSTON. Etched Frontispiece. 452 pp. 6a.
No recent novel has called forth such conflicting criticism. On one hand great appreciation and sincere approval, on the other severe strictures for what is deemed unnecessary
realism. All, however, single it out as a novel of very great interest.
NEW VOLUME IN THE LIBRARY OF ART.-THE "RED 8E R I ES."-JUST OUT, 48 illustrations, is. m. net,
THE SCOTTISH SCHOOL OF PAINTING.
By WILLIAM D. McKAY, R.S.A., Librarian to the Royal Scottish Academy.
After giving an account of the precursors of the Scottish School of Painting, 1583 to 1793, the author treats of the art of Raeburn and AVilkie, the founders of the Scottish School as
such, at considerable length, and traces their influence through their followers. Wilkie*s contemporaries are considered separately ; and the rise and development of Northern Land-
scape. The young men of the forties are dealt with later on ; and the last part of the book is devoted to a survey of later developments.
FULL FROSPECTUS SEXT TO ANY ADDRESS.
THE MUSEUMS AND RUINS OF ROME.
By WALTER AMELUNG and H. HOLTZINGER, Map, Plans, and 270 Illustrations. Edited hy Mrs. ARTHUR STRONG. 2 vols. 10*. net.
" Has long been wanted. There has been nothing quite like ' A melting and Holtzinyer,' and not only visitors, but students should be grateful."
"These little books are without their match." — Academy.
BY H. BELLOC, M.P.
ESTO PERPETUA: Algerian Studies and Impressions.
BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE PATH TO ROME.'
Illustrated by 45 Drawings and Coloured Frontispiece by the Author. 5s. net.
" Highly picturesque and suggestive. There are many amusing things, and queer, gravely told stories, in the style of 'The Path to Rome.' Full of a certain fine quality. It is a
prose poem. Eloquent and lucid." — Daily Xch:*.
" Unconventional and romantic. Impressive and significant." — Standard.
By A. J.
RAMBLES IN NORMANDY. By Francis Miltoun,
Author of 'Cathedrals of Northern France.' With very many Illustrations from
Drawings and Sketches by BLANCHE McMANTJS. '.) Maps, square crown Svo,
6s. net.
RAMBLES IN BRITTANY. By Francis Miltoun.
Illustrated by BLANCHE McMANUS. Uniform with ' Normandy.' 8ft neb
ENGLISH WATER-COLOUR PAINTERS.
FINBERO. 50 Illustrations, cloth, 2*. net ; leather, 2.«. 6rf. net
Based chiefly on examples easily accessible. A popular guide to public collections in
London.
For other* in this Series—" THE POPULAR LIBRARY OF ART,"
see List belon:
POPULAR LIBRARY OF A RT.-Cloth, 2*. net; leather, 2s. 6d. net.
LEONARDO. By Dr. Gronau. 44 Illustrations.
BOTTICELLI. By JULIA CARTWRIOHT (Mrs. Ady). 10 Illustrations.
RAPHAEL. By.Tn.lA Cartwkiciit (Mrs. Ady). 50 Illustration-.
VELAZQUEZ. By AUGUSTS BREAK. 68 Illustrations.
REMBRANDT. By AUGUSTS BRSAI. 62 Illustrations.
DTJRER. Br LIRA BCRIMSTEIN. 87 Illustrations.
ROSSETTI. By FORD Madox Hi eh kr. 62 Illustrations.
WATTS. ByO. K. CHESTERTON. 36 Illustrations.
FRED "WALKER. By C. Black. 88 Illustrations and Photogravure.
GAINSBOROUGH. By A B. ORAHBKLAnt. 66 Illustrations.
FRENCH IMPRESSIONISTS. By CL Mu<i.uk. GO Illustrations
MILLET. By R. Rnu \m>. :!.' Illustrations.
HOLBEIN. By Ford Madox Hubffbr, 50 nioatnitf om.
London : DUCKWORTH & CO. 3, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.
«,s-J
Til K ATI! KXiHUM
NM101, Jim. 2, 1906
B
JlI;Ui:r,!!U5, \Vf. — <""<' unci.
LA ' K W <) 0 1>
For ll 'N I mUiua
I BE Ki I i: Bl *•'" j : I
IN THE KEART OF THE < nol.lNS.
THE \ i t:itl« l N-M i'i;<>\ i s
By Lord Mon< ran i .
I in: CHRISTIAN 8CTENTI8T. By I '. N. B.
i 0U1) I l.i Xkl'.K. Ohftpa 9M&
ll\ .1. s. (/i..
THE VOLUNTEER PROBLEM.
UJCFi HTTESWQBra
l OH rENOY.
I Hi: PURIFICATION OF BAN FKANUSdi.
15 v -J.
MUSINGS WITHOUT METHOD.
The Labour Party : it* Simple ESaaiuQ — The
Extinction of bheUapitalist The Duties of a
Citizen —A Winning from Aristophanes — Sir
Theodore Martin's 'Monographs — The Old
Acton -The Degradation of the .Modern stage
— Rachel.
BROKEN REEDS: ENGLAND AND ATHENS.
By T. E. Kebbel.
THE PERSIAN GULF.
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS,
Edinburgh aud London.
IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT.
Mr. JOHN LANE will publish on
THURSDAY, June 7,
ELIZABETH GODFREY'S NEW NOVEL,
:rpHE BRIDAL OF A N S T A C E.
Crown Svo, 6a
Mi^s Godfrey is the Author of
'THE WINDING ROAD,'
Which attracted so much attention a few years
back.
JOHN LANE,
The Bodley Head, London ; and New York.
RECENTLY PUBLISHED.
C'rowu svii, printed on II.hkIM.uIc.- Pnpflt. haHiynrrfci— t.
price 3*. 6d. net.
T>OK.MS OETHE SEEN AND THE UNSEEN.
By CH Aiti.i.s witiiam hi:khi:kt.
"Till ; i. no fanU iiul in i)>pro| n.U d i f titl n :>f ollni
people's ideas A bnmber ox beautiful things, the central
thought of all lie-Hi^: the <liKtrine which be ail,t]>ts thus
from a German Orientalist : —
I in LTnaeeo but in the Seen tliou essst. symboled cleu ;
And t Isible things that ihadon forth the in\ iaible sphere.
Girt with incarnate 1 bought, the l'ui\erse divine ;
Not ileslily chain-, hut heavenward-lifting plujnes, ate
thine.
He ^ive.s, as oiu' mi^ht ]>nt it. logieftl funn tA TUggSflthr— i,
the nearest approach to which, in Knglisli poetry, b) found
in Wordsworth." Tini's.
"Without prejudice to Us own Inspiriting freshness, this
book is best described as an afterglow of the splelldolit- of
the Lake School of Knylish poets." Scuttmun.
Oxford : IS. II. 111. At KW 1.1.1..
Lendon: MMI'KIX A CO., Limitkh.
J II E
LITKliARY SENSATION
OF 1306.
PRINTERS' PIE
Edited by
W. HUGH SPOTTLSWOODE,
The Great Literary and Artistic Annual, the
Proceeds of which go to Printing Trades
Charities, is
NOW READY.
PRINTERS' PIE contains Articles,
Stories, and Drawings by
\V. L ALDEN.
F. ANSTKY.
THE DLKK OF ARGYLL,
K.T.
ALFRED AUSTIN (POET
LAUREATE).
M. K. ISKADDO.V.
J. M. BILLUt 11.
G. B. rsiiuux.
GEBALD CAMPBKLL.
MARIK CORKLL1.
Lieut. -Col. NEW.NUAM
DAVls.
AUSTIN DOBSOX.
ATHOL FORBES.
TOM GALLON.
SARAH GRAND.
C. J. CTTCLIFFEHYNE.
E. V. LUCAS.
II. W. I.UCY.
BARRY PA1X.
MAX PKMBKRTOX.
MOSTYX T. PICK) IT.
WILLIAM LK()l "El X.
FRAXK KUTIAKDSOX.
\V. PETT RIDGE.
ADRIAN ROSS.
DORA SIGERSON.
G. K. SIMS.
KATHARINE TYXAX.
i-i: vklzaxcntll.
CECIL ALDIX.
(;. D. ARMOUR
EL M. BATEMAX.
LEWIS BA I'M KR.
GEORGE BELCHER.
H. M. BROCK.
TOM BROWN" K.
DUDLEY BUXTON.
FRANK CHESWORTH.
CHARLES FOI.KARD.
HARRY BURNISS.
C. DAXAGIBSOX.
.JAMES GREIG.
.IOHX HASSALL.
L. RAVEX HILL.
GUNNING KING.
WILLOW EX.
CHARLES PEARS.
F. PEGRAM.
E. T. REED.
REGIXALP SAVAGE
PEXR1IYX S1AXLAWS.
LAXCE THACKERAY.
I . H. TOWXSE.M).
LESLIE Wll.l.soN.
DAVID WILSOX.
LAWSOX WOOD.
STARR WOOD.
What PRINTE RS* PIE has done :
In 1909, when Mr. Spottiswoode first produced
tho Annual on behalf of the Eunds of the Printers'
Pension Corporation, 10,000 copies were sold.
In 1964, the entire edition of '^OCO copies was
sold out.
In l'JO"), the entire edition of 40,'HiO was suld
out.
THIS YEAR 50,000 COPIES ARE
BEING PRODUCED.
Each Copy sold benefits a Charity whose work
lias peculiar claims for pulilie support.
Each Copy has attached to it an Accident
Insurance Coupon for £2,C00 for
three months.
1/-
ON SALE
AT ALL
BOOKSTALLS AXD NEWSAGENTS?.
1/-
XOW ready.
Price 10s. (kl. net.
THE
NINTH SERIES
GENERAL INDEX
OF
NOTES AND QUERIES.
With Introduction by
JOSEPH KNIGHT, F.S.A.
This Index is double the size of
previous ones, as it contains, in
addition to the usual Index of Sub-
jects, the Names and Pseudonyms
of Writers, with a list of their
Contributions. The number of con-
stant Contributors exceeds eleven
hundred. The Publisher reserves
the right of increasing the price of
the volume at any time. The
number printed is limited, and the
type has been distributed.
Free by post, lGV. lid.
JOHN (J. FRANCIS A J. EDWARD EUAN
Xott* and V<" '"'< * Olfiec, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
T
BACKERS -i RIPTURAE LIBRARY.
Priee Sixpence each net.
Py W. T. 1ANN U
1. BRIEF LESSONS ON THE PARABLES AND
MlKMlls Of OPH I.oKK The Pir-t P.rt coduuiii «hort
E\i<ut4lion» <■* il.. > ' iu iLe
.1. the Mitaclea :ire treated under the Iuna.U of th« I
In tthuh tbej were » roughl. With T»o llli^tn.e
2. EMINENT SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS:
:i Sei -in the Old and Ke« T. -l.mienU.
Illustnit. d hjr Six views of Bittlii S 'ieh will, it i« h>«»,l.
!■« Iviiiu. uanul i ill Mho are interetted in the «tud> ut ti:e lloly
6,'ripture.
PulJii-lieJ l.y STONKW AX. ■, F»tenio-.ter B«Mn
ntK'KROACHES CLEARED WITH BLATTIS.
ImiI rvenrwhere with unf*ilin« tun. «arth.
1'./, S , Je.stiv.vvd rUsui- of tlii'iu at sin Ills'... Wuikiiuu«e
in I1**.
81*PP1.1K1> KY OROm Tti HIS M \ l K-TV THK K1XQ
AT SA\ML1S>,H\M
Pis.vuuiu.ti Jed l.y l'r U. \Vo<Hi»;ird IK- I nam K. Jacques, R.D..
the V"'". »t>d all Ladii
Tins U. */.. U*. ■'•>]., it. t«f.
UOWAKTU A PA1K 471. truiksnioor Road, Sheffield.
N° 4101, June 2, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
683
THE SURGICAL AID SOCIETY.
Chief Offices— SALISBURY SQUARE, FLEET STREET, E.C.
Telephone No. : 12282 CENTRAL.
Patron-HIS MAJESTY THE KING.
This Society was established in 1862 to supply Leg Instruments, Spinal Supports,
Trusses, Elastic Stockings, Artificial Limbs, &c, and every other description of
Mechanical Support, to the Poor.
OVER 440 PATIENTS ARE RELIEVED EVERY WEEK.
CONTRIBUTIONS EARNE8TLY SOLICITED.
Annual Subscription of £0 10 6 ) Entitles to Two Recommendations
Life Subscription Of 5 5 0 3 per Annum.
Bankers — Messrs. Barclay &, Co., Ltd., 54, Lombard Street.
RICHARD C. TRESIDDER, Secretary.
6s.
FIRST EDITION SOLD OUT ON DAY OP PUBLICATION.
SECOND EDITION NOW READY.
THE BAR SINISTER.
6s.
By J. MORGAN -DE-GROOT.
" Holds one's interest to the end.'' — Tribune. " Strong and convincing.'" — Outlook.
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD k SONS, Edinburgh and London.
FOURTH EDITION, Revised to 1905, NOW READY, fcap. 8vo, cloth, price Sixpence.
ASTRONOMY FOR THE YOUNG.
By w. t. Lynn, b.a. f.r.a.s.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
THIS WEEK'S NUMBER CONTAINS-
NOTES:— A Dowsing-Jessop Forgery— " Bung " and " Tun "—Greene's Prose Works— "Roan" : its
Etymology — "Duma"' — "Swerve" — Edward IV. in the National Portrait Gallery — Kipling's
'With Scindia to Delhi' — "Pannier Market" — "Revenue": its Pronunciation — Shakespeare:
a Remarkable Folio — Funeral Garlands — Peat — Parish Constables.
QUERIES; — Snakes in South Africa — Napoleon and the Grand Duchess Catherine of Russia — Grav's
' Elegy ' : its Translations — Defoe on the Vicar of Baddow — G. Rossetti's ' Tre Ragionamenti —
"A thimbleful of sense" — Tuileries Gardens in 1796— " Aryan Sun-Myths' — Italian Songs —
Japanese and Chinese Lyrics — Sir William Noye's Wife — May Light and Young Men's Light —
Olvarius's History — Cateaton Street — Seventeenth-Century Libraries — Shakespeare's Creations —
Anne Gliddon — Nottingham Psalter — Spain and England — Twyford Abbey.
REPLIES :— " Rose of Jericho " — Epitaph at Bowes, Yorkshire — •" Brock " : " Badger " — Henry Angelo
— Mr. Thompson of the 6th Dragoons — Americans in English Records — Delmer — Ladies' Head-
dresses in the Theatre — " Cast not a clout till May be out " — Travelling in England — " Saturday "
in Spanish — "Place" — "Pour" — Coleridge and Newman on Gibbon — Earthquakes in Fiction -
Escutcheon of Pretence — ' Leicester's Ghost ' — The Gunnings of Castle Coote — Leigbton's ' British
Crests' — Authors of Quotations Wanted — Dr. Richard Garnett — Lord Camelford's Duel — Bury
Familv.
NOTES OX BOOKS :— 'Lands and their Owners in Galloway '-
Magazine of Fine Arts.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
Notices to Correspondents.
-'The Assemble of Goddes— The
JOHN Q FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
AV> - and Queries Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. ; and of all Newsagents.
NEXT WEEK'S ATHENJEUM will contain
Eevieivs of THE CAMBRIDGE MODERN
HISTORY.— Vol. IX., NAPOLEON, and
WARWICK GOBLE'S CONSTANTINOPLE.
MESSRS. LONGMANS & C0.S
LIST.
HERESIES
OF
SEA
POWER.
By FRED. T. JANE,
Author of ' Fighting Ships,' (fee. ;
Inventor of the Naval War Game.
WITH 8 MAPS AND 14 ILLUSTRATIONS.
8vo, 12s. Qd. net.
The object of this booh is to prove that
the theories oj Sea Power generally heldr
and specially as connected with the name
of Capt. Mahan, are incorrect.
WAYSIDE
SKETCHES IN
ECCLESIASTICAL
HISTORY.
Nine Lectures, with Notes and Preface.
By CHARLES BIGG, D.D.
Canon of Christ Church and Regius Professor of
Ecclesiastical Histoiy in the University of Oxford.
8vo, 7s. Qd. net.
" These Lectures might haue been called
Essays on the Development of the Church.
They refer to three great moments in
that fateful process—the making of the
mediaeval system, the decay of the
mediaeval system, and the beginnings ot
modern Christianity. "—From the Preface.
CONTEXTS.
PRUDEXTIUS.
PAULINUS OF NOLA.
SIDONIUS APOLLINARIS.
GROSSKTESTE.
WYCLIFFE.
A KEMPIS.
THE ENGLISH REFORMATION.
(Three Lectures. )
THE
ANNUAL REGISTER:
A Review of Public Events at Home and
Abroad.
For the Year 1905.
8vo, 18s.
A DISCREPANT
WORLD :
Being an Essay in Fiction.
By the Author of 'Through Spectacles of
Feeling,1 &c.
Crown 8vo, 6s.
LONGMANS, GREEN A- CO.
59, Paternoster Row, London.
<;,s-i
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4101, Jura 2, 1906
T. FISHER UNWIN'S NEW BOOKS.
HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, ETC.
A LITERARY HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH PEOPLE.
Vol. II.
from thi) BonniMnnrni to the ('nil War.
int.
1. By J. J. JUNSERAND. Demy Svo,
A LITERARY HISTORY OF PERSIA, FROM FIRDAWSI UNTIL
s.VDI (AD. 1000-12901 By Edward (;. BBOWNB, .M.A. MB. KB. A., Fallow
of Pembroke College, sir Thomas Adams' Profeaaor of Arabic, and nmetime Led urer
in Persian in the University of Cambridge, with Photogravure Frontispiece. Demy
Svo, 12*. orf. net. ("Library of Literary History.")
A SHORT HISTORY OF JEWISH LITERATURE, FROM THE
PALL OF THE TEMPLE (70 CB.) TO THE ERA OS EMANCIPATION (1708 c.k.).
By ISRAEL ABRAHAMS, M.A., Hauler in Babbinic Literature in the University
of Cambridge. Crown svo, 2$, ad. net.
THE FIRST ANNEXATION OF THE TRANSVAAL. By W. J.
LEYDS, LL.D., formerly State Secretary of the South African Republic. Demy 8vo,
21a net.
THE HISTORY OF CO-OPERATION. By G. J. Holyoake, Author of
' Bygones Worth Remembering,' Ac. Second Impression. Illustrated 2 vols,
demy 8vo, 21«.
THE " POPE " OF HOLLAND HOUSE. Edited by Lady Seymour.
with a Biographical Introduction and Supplementary Chapter by W. l\ COURTNEY.
With a Photogravure Frontispiece and 8 other Illustrations. Demy Svo, 10x. M. net.
SOCIETY IN THE COUNTRY HOUSE. Anecdotal Records of Six
Centuries. By T. H. S. ESCOTT, Author of 'King Edward and His Court," <fec.
With Photogravure Frontispiece. Demy Svo, 16«.
HAECKEL: His Life and Work. By Wilhelm Bolsche. With an
Introduction and a Supplementary Chapter by the Translator, JOSEPH
McCABE. With a Coloured Frontispiece and 12 other Illustrations. Demy 8vo,
15a net.
SIR HENRY IRVING : a Biography. By Percy Fitzgerald, Author
of 'Life of David Garrick,' 'Life of Sterne,' Ac. With a Photogravure Frontispiece
and 35 other Illustrations. Demy Svo, 10s. tkl. net.
THE ANGLO-SAXON : a Study in Evolution. By George E. Boxall,
Author of 'The Evolution of the World and of Man,' &c. Crown Svo, 5s.
NATURAL HISTORY.
RECREATIONS OF A NATURALIST. By J. E. Hasting, Author of
' Handbook of British Birds,' ' Extinct British Animals,' &c. With numerous
Illustrations. Demy Svo, 15s. net. •
OUR SCHOOL OUT-OF-DOORS. A Nature Book for Young People.
By the Hon. M. CORDELIA LEIGH, Author of 'Simple Lessons from Nature,' &c.
Illustrated. Crown Svo, 2s.
NEW AND CHEAP EDITIONS.
THE WELSH PEOPLE. Chapters in their Origin, History, Laws,
Language, and Literature. By DAVID BRYNMOR JONES, M.P., and JOHN
RHYS. Fourth and Cheaper Edition. Large crown 8vo, 5s. net.
THE GOVERNANCE OF ENGLAND. By Sidney Low, M.A. Second
and Cheaper Edition. Large crown 8vo, 3s. Od. net.
CHATS ON OLD CHINA. By Arthur Hayden. Second Edition,
Revised and brought up to Date, and with 25 new Illustrations. With a Photo-
gravure Frontispiece. Large crown 8vo, 5s. net.
GEORGE JACOB H0LY0AKE : Sixty Years of an Agitator's Life.
An Autobiography. Illustrated. Large crown 8vo, 2s. Od. net.
SIR WALTER RALEGH. By Martin A. S. Hume. Illustrated. Large
crown Svo, 2s. Oil. net.
INSPIRATION AND THE BIBLE. By R. F. Hortox, D.D. Popular
Edition. Crown Svo, cloth, 2s. net ; paper cover, Is. net.
TRAVEL
AND TRAVEL:
SPORT
LORD II1NDL1I
Demy 8ro, -l*. net
AND DESCRIPTION.
Abyssinia and British East Africa.
P.B.O.R k.z.n. wuii M;,],, and mm
By
than '<> Qlnntrationa
FIRE AND SWORD IN THE CAUCASUS. By Lmoi Yiu.aki,
Author of ' Russia under the Groat Shadow,' 'Italian Life in 'I own uid Conatiy/ Ac.
Illustrated. Demy Svo, 10#. (kl. net.
SAUNTERINGS IN SPAIN-BARCELONA, MADRID, TOLEDO,
OOSDOVA, SEVILLE, (.RANADA. By Major-General SEYMOUR illustrated.
Demy Svo, 10s. (kl. net.
FROM CHARING CROSS TO DELHI. By 8. Paknki.i. Kerr. With
05 Illustrations. Demy Svo, 10s. (id. net.
POLITIC8 AND SOCIOLOGY.
ECONOMIC AND STATISTICAL STUDIES, 1840 1890. By Jo..s
TOWNS DANSON. With a brief Memoir l.y His Daughter, MARY NORMAN
HILL, and an Introduction by E. C. K. CONNER, M.A., Brunner Professor of
Econoniic .Science, Liverpool University. With a Photogravure Frontispiece, 2 other
Portraits, and 31 Plates, Small royal Svo, 21*. net.
WOMEN'S WORK AND WAGES : a Phase of Life in an Industrial
City. By EDWARD CADBURY, M. CECILS MATHESOX, and GEORGE
SHANN, M.A. F.R.G.S. Large crown Svo, 0*.
B0SSISM AND MONOPOLY. By T. C. Spelling. Large crown 8vo,
7s. M. net.
THE CITY : the Hope of Democracy. By Frederic C. How*. Large
crown Svo, 7s. (id. net.
THE CONTINENTAL OUTCAST : Land Colonies and Poor Law
Relief. By the Rev. W. CARLILE and VICTOR W. CARL1LE. Wit!, |6 Illustra-
tions. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. net ; paper cover, 1*. net.
THE LABOUR PARTY : What it is and What it Wants. By the
Rev. COXRAD RODEN NOEL. Crown Svo, cloth, 2s. net ; paper cover, 1-. net.
MISCELLANEOUS.
ARISTOTLE'S THEORY OF CONDUCT. By Thomas Marshall, M.A.
Medium 8vo, 21s. net.
SCHILLER'S DRAMAS AND POEMS IN ENGLAND. By Thomas
REA, M.A., Lecturer in German and Teutonic Philology, University College of
North Wales. Crown Svo, 3s. Oil. net.
OLD GERMAN LOVE SONGS. Translated from the Minn dingers of
the Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries. By F. C. NICHOLSON, M.A. Lir^e crown
Svo, 6s.
THE BEST PLAYS OF GEORGE FARQUHAR. Baited, and with
an Introduction, by WILLIAM ARCHER. On Thin Paper, with Frontispiece.
Small crown Svo, leather, 3s. Od. net; cloth, 2s. 0d. net. {Meimaid Series.
DISESTABLISHMENT IN FRANCE. By Paul Babaotb, Author of
'The Life of St. Francis of Assist,' Translated, with an Introduction, by ROBKRT
DELL. With Portraits of the Author and the Abbe' Loisy, and the complete Text
(both in French and English) of the Liw for the Separation of the Churches and the
State, with Explanatory Notes. Crown Svo, 3a Oil. net.
FISHING IN IRELAND. Being Vol. I. of WHAT I HAVE SEEN
WHILE FISHING. By PHILIP GEEN. Illustrated. Demy Svo, 3*. 64. net.
FISHING IN SCOTLAND AND THE HOME COUNTIES. Being
Vol. II. of the above. By PHILIP GEEN. Illustrated. Dem> - net.
TOWARD THE HEIGHTS : an Appeal to Young Men. By Chables
WAGNER, Author of 'The Simple Life,' Ac. Medium 12mo, cloth, 2*. net ; paper
cover, Is. net.
COURAGE. By Charles Wagner. Medium 12mo, cloth. 2a net j paper
cover, Is. net.
NEW SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
THE DREAM AND THE BUSINESS-John Oliver Hobbes.
DIVORCE Paul Bourget.
LATTER-DAY SWEETHEARTS- Mrs. Burton Harrison.
NEW CHRONICLES OF DON Q. K-and Eeskjsth Pbichabd.
A DAZZLING REPROBATE W. R. H. Trowbridge.
ADVENTURES OF A SUPERCARGO Louis Bucks.
A DOUBLE MARRIAGE Lucas Cleeve.
THE LADY NOGGS, PEERESS Edoab Jepsoh.
FANNY LAMBERT H. de Yere Siai pools,
A SUPREME MOMENT Mrs. Hawltoh Syhgb.
A SON OF ARVON Gwendolen Phyce.
CECILIA'S LOVERS Amelia K. I'.arr.
THE THRESHING FLOOR J. S. Fletchs*.
A MILLIONAIRES COURTSHIP. Mrs. Archibald Little.
T. FISTIER UNWIN, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W.C.
1 itlona should be addressed to "THE EDITOR "—A . I Iters to " THE PUBLISHERS itheOfl .. Bn ms Build
i \\.,klj bj JOHN 0. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS at Bream'i Buildings, Chanoerj Una, E.O., and Printed by J. EDWARD FRANCOS, Athenaeum Press, Breams Buildings, Chancery Lmm.RO.
!, Messrs. BELL a BRADF1 ti: and Mr, .h>iin mi:.\/.u:s, Edinbnrgh.-Saturdaj, Junes,
THE ATHEN^UM
f nnntal of aBnglisIj atttr Jfamgn %ittxatmc, %timtt, t\)t fmt Jtrts, JtUtsk ani tljt Drama.
No. 4102.
SATURDAY, JUNE 9, 1906.
PRICB.
THREEPENCE.-
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
B
(Biljttotians.
RUTON c A L L E R I E S,
13, BRCTON STREET. BOND STREET. W.
EXHIBITIONS NOW ON VIEW:
ANGLO -FLORENTINE PICTURES by E. I>E MORGAN.
WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS of CORNWALL
by W. E. CRONFORD.
OPEN' DAILY 10 to 6. including Saturdays. Admission 18.
o
BACH & CO.. 168, New Bond Street, W.
EXHIBITION of PICTURES by
FRENCH AND DUTCH MASTERS of the XlXth CENTURY
Now OPEN.
ALPINE CLUB, Mill Street, Conduit Street.—
Large DECORATIVE PANELS by J. KERB LAWSON are
being EXHIBITED by Messrs. CARFAX & CO. every day from
10 till 6. Admission One Shilling.
OLD BRITISH SCHOOL.— SHEPHERD'S
SPRING EXHIBITION includes choice Landscapes and Por-
traits by the Masters of the Old British School of Painting.
SHEPHERD'S GALLKRY, 27, King Street. St. James's Square.
(Ebucational.
THE GOVERNORS OF THE
pERSE SCHOOL, CAMBRIDGE,
Desire to call attention to the advantages offered
by this SCHOOL,
Which Prepares
BOYS FOR THE UNIVERSITIES, AND FOR
PROFESSIONAL AND COMMERCIAL CAREERS.
Under the Head Mastership of Dr. Rouse efforts have
been made to improve on the ordinary methods of Teaching.
Of the distinctive features of the School Work the following
may be specially mentioned : —
(1) Improved Teaching of the Classics, resulting in a
great saving of time.
(2) Spoken French and German.
(3) Teaching of English and English Literature in all
the Classes.
<4) A carefully graded Science Course.
<5) Drawing leading up to the Engineering Tripos.
The work of the Preparatory School is also specially
Bolted for Candidates for the Navy.
A Detailed Account of the Work of the School has been
drawn up, and may, together with the ordinary Prospectus,
be had of the Clerk to the Governors,
J. F. EADEN, Esq.,
1=>, SIDNEY STREET, CAMBRIDGE.
S
PAUL'S OIRLS' SCHOOL.
BROOK GREEN, W.
An EXAMINATION for FOUNDATION SCHOLARSHIPS, open
to Girls under 16 years of age. will lie held at the SCHOOL on
.1 FLY 10. 11, and 13, which will exempt the Scholars from payment of
Tuition Pees.— Further particulars may be obtained from the HEAD
MISTRKSS of the School.
WESTMINSTER SCHOOL.— An EXAMINA-
TION will be held mi JUNE -<:. SB. and 29. to fill
VACANCIES in SCHOLARSHIPS and EXHIBITIONS.— For par-
ticulars apply by letter to the BURSAR, The Bursary, Little Dean's
Yard, Westminster.
QT. PAULS SCHOOL, WEST KENSINGTON.
O -An EXAMINATION will be held at the above SCHOOL "i>
II ESDAY, -li 26, 1906, and on tin- following daw. f..r FILLING
IP SEVERAL VACANCIES ON THE FOUNDATION.- Full par-
can he obtained on application to THE BCRSAR
UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER
AND
MANCHESTER ROYAL [NFIRMARY.
Entrance medical scholarships.
two SCHOLARSHIPS are offend, one for proficiency in ARTS
and One for proficiency in SCIENCE.
Each Scholarship i- ol the value of loot., and tin- successful
Candidate* will be required to enter for the full Medical Curriculum
in the I '"I the Infirmary.
The Scholarship «ill be awarded to Candidates who give evidence
•of a high standard of proficiency in Art- or Science respectively,
- applications should he sent, "n or before JULY I. to the
REGISTRAR, from whom further particulars may be obtained.
BEDFORD COLLLEOE FOR WOMEN
(University of London',
YORK PLACE. BAKER STHEET. W.
TheCOUNCTL offer TWO RESEARCH SCHOLARSHIPS, each of
the value of 501, one in PHYSIOLOGY. One in ZOOLOGY, for the
SESSION liiiHJ-7 only.— Applications should he sent by UNE 20 t..
the PRINCIPAL, from whom further information can lie obtained.
THE DOWNS SCHOOL, SEAFORD, SUSSEX.
Head Mistress— Miss LUCY ROBINSON. M.A. date Second His-
tresa St. Felix School, Southwold). References: The Principal of
Bedford College. London : The Master o: Peterhouse, ( ambridge.
EDUCATION CORPORATION.
/CHURCH
CHERWELL HALL. OXFORD.
Training College for Women Secondary Teachers. Principal, Miss
CATHERINE I. DODI). M.A., late Lecturer in Education at the
University of Manchester.
Students are prepared for the Oxford Teacher's Diploma, the
Cambridge Teacher's Certificate, the Teacher's Diploma of the
University of London, and the Higher Froehel Certificate
TWO SCHOLARSHIPS of SSI. a year each are offered in JUNE to
Students entering Cherwell Hall for a year's training.
Full particulars on application
E
DUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative to
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for BOYS or GIRLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are invited to call upon or Bend fullv detailed ivarticulars to
MESSRS GAHBITAS, THRING & CO..
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with the
leading Educational Estacuiahmente.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. THRING. Nephew of the
late Head M »er of Uppingham. M, Sackvillc Street. London. W.
Situations Vacant
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. That on WEDNESDAY. July 25
next, the SENATE will proceed to ELECT an EXAMINER in the
ENGLISH LANGUAGE and I.ITERATFRE. to fill the vacancy
caused by the resignation of Prof .1. Lawrence. D.Lit. M.A.
The Examiner appointed will he called ui>on to take part in the
Examination of hoth Internal and External Students, and will he
eligible for two annual re-elections. The remuneration of the
Examinership consists of a Retaining Fee for the year, and a ;.,-■< rata
payment for Tapers set. Answers marked, and Meetings attended.
Full particulars can he obtained on application to the Principal.
Candidates must send in their names to the Principal, with any
attestation of their qualifications they may think desirable, on or
before MONDAY. June Is. If Testimonials are submitted, three
Copies should he forwarded. Original Testimonials should not he
sent. .It is particularly desired that no application of any kind he
made to individual Members of the Senate. i
By Older of the Senate.
ARTHUR W. Rt'CKER. Principal.
University of London, South Kensington, s.W.
Hay, 1906.
TTNIYERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON.
l_J (University of London. i
The COUNCIL will shortly proceed to FILL the VACANCY in the
CHAIR of SANSKRIT caused by the appointment of Prof. E. .1.
Rapson to tin- chair oi Sanskrit in the University of Cambridge.
Applications, accompanied by such Testimonials and other
evidences of fitness for the post as Candidates may wish to submit,
should reach the Secretary, from whom further information may he
obtained, not later than JUNE -i\.
WALTER w. SETON, M.A., Secretary.
niTY OF LONDON COLLEGE,
\J \\ HIT K STREET. MooRFI ELDS. E i.
The GOVERNING BODY invites applications for the post of
LECTURER in MATHEMATK 9
The Salary i< 2251. per annum, and the applicant will he required to
devote his full time to the work, most of which is evening work. The
candidate elected will ).e required to enter upon his duties on
OCTOBER I, 1906.
Applications, with copies of three Testimonials, most reach the
undcr-ianed not later than ,IULY 2. l<"»fi.
DAVID SAVAGE, Secretary.
II
THE VICTORIA
TNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER.
The COUNCIL is about to appoint a LECTURER in ENGLISH
LANGUAGE.— The detailed conditions of appointment may he
obtained from the REGISTRAR.
U
THE \ D TORIA
NIYERSITY OF MANCHESTER.
The i OUN( II. i- about to appoint an ASSISTANT LECTURER
in (I VSSICQ Stipend fi.-lir i tailed conditions applications
should be made to the REGISTR \R.
TITINISTRY OF EDUCATION, EGYPT.
HE \D MASTERSHIP.
A HEAD master f.,r the largest SECONDARY BCHOOL In
i Mint under the Ministry of Education, will Ice required in
OCTOBER NEXT Salary 61M. -89M. per annum.
Head Master's House, newly built, close to the School Allowance
her passage out to Egypt. Summei Vacation not less than Two
Months.
r, of which English University Men form a large part, numbers
c.Vel 4"
Applicants should be laymen, between 30 and M yean of aee.
Application, with statement of age. Honours at School and
University, and of experience in teaching, accompanied hi cot
Testimonials, to besent before ,71 M: ■> iflOfl.to l>ol 01 V- 1)1 SLOP,
Esq.. Gullane, Haddingtonshire, to whom Egyptian Candidates maj
apply by letter for further Information.
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
WILLIAM JONES'S CRAM MAR SCHOOL,
MONMOUTH.
HEAD MASTERSHIP.
The GOVERNING BODY of the above SCHOOL invite applications
for the post ol HEAD MASTER, who must be a Graduate of some
I Diversity in the United Kingdom.
The School is conducted under a scheme of the Charity Com-
missioners dated February ■_'::. 1891, and is a First-Grade School of
modern type There an- suitable Buildings for the reception of
.loo Boys,
The School has a Classical and Commercial side, and the i nrrieuhim
embraces every Subject comprised in the highest class of Education,
including Subjects proper to be taught in a Public Sei ondary School
Tlie Emoluments of the Head Master consist of a Residen iv-r of
Rent. Hates, and Taxes, with accommodation for 40 Boarders, and a
fixed Stipend of 9001 per annum: also of Capitation Payments of 4..
per annum for each Roy up to the number of .."•. and of SI. per annum
for eaeli Boy ahovc that number, and the profits arising from
Be carders.
There are Thirty Scholarships tenable n the- S. hooL and Twelve
Exhibitions to any University or other place of higher education in
the United Kingdom.
The duties will commence in SEPTEMBER NEXT.
Candidates for the appointment must send in their applications,
together with twenty conies of Printed Testimonials and the 11
of not more than three Persons to whom reference maybe made, on
or before JULY 7, 1906. to Mr. ARTHUR Vl/ARIh Clerk t.. the
Governors, Monmouth, from whom Forms of Application and further
information may Ice obtained.
BEDFORD COLL EC E FOR WOMEN
University of London',
TORE PLACE, BAKER STREET. W.
The COUNCIL are about to appoint an assistant in MATHE
MATH'S Salary. 100U, and a JUNIOR DEMONSTRATOR in
PHYSICS (Salary, 75U, for the SESSION 1906 7.— Applications from
Women only), with Testimonials, to he sent fay JUNE 2 to the
PRINCIPAL, from whom particulars can be obtained.
B
EDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London),
YORK PLACE. BAKER STHEET. YV.
Tlf council are about to appoint a LECTURER IN ENGLISH
LANGUAGE and LITERATURE. The Council reserve the right.
if found desirable, to make separate appointments for Langu ige and
Literature-. — Applications, with copies of Testimonials, to I e Bent in
by JUNE '-"I to the Secretary, from whom information can be
obtained. HILDA WALTON, S retary.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London),
YORK PLACE. BAKER STREET. AV.
The COUNCIL are about to appoint a DEMONSTRATOR in
CHEMISTRY.— Applications, with Testimonials, to be sent in hv
•'UNE 20 to the Secretary, from whom particulars can be obtained.
HILDA WALToN. Secretary.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
il'niveiMty of London),
YORK PLACE. BAKER STREET, YV.
The t OFNCIL are about to appoint an ASSISTANT LEI Tl'RER
ill FRENCH, who shall be a Woman specially qualified in
Applications, with Testimonials, to be sent in by JUNE 30 to the
Secretary, from whom particulars can be obtained.
HILDA WALTON -
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
[University of London),
YORE PLACE. BAKER STREET. W
The COUNCIL arc about to appoint a WOMAN as PHYSN \l.
INSTRUCTOR, who will be required to give her whole time to her
duties in the College.
Applications, with Testimonials, to be sent in by JUNE SO to the
Secretary, from whom particulars can ice obtained.
HILDA Walton. S< retary.
T
HE SALT SCHOOLS. SHIPLEY. YORKS.
Roys HIGH SCHOOL.
\ A' \NcY. in SEPTEMBER, for BNGLI8H M \>TER
Geography, Elementary Shorthand. lOOf., men res.
Apply HEAD MASTER
History
M
WINCHESTER HICH SCHOOL for GIRLS.
WANTED, for SEPTEMBER NEXT, the following A-M-TWT
MISTRESSES For MODERN LANGUAGES ERA-
'IT RE. with power to -peak an. 1 wiite i hi Tn.in -Salary IS F01
GEOGRAPHl and to tike- a small Middle Form S
NIOR SCHOOL FORM aged 11 Good Arithmetic essential—
Bahtr] 1001 \pplv to HE \D MISTRESS
fllTY AND COUNTY BOROUGH OF
\J B B 1 1 L8T.
BB \M H I.IBR \R1 LN
The I.IBR \RY and TEi HNICAL INSTRUCTION 1 OMM]
invite applications for the post of BRANCH LIBRARIAN
new BRANCH LIBRARY. OLDPARK ROAD
annum.
Candidate- are required to have had previous ex] Public
Library Work iind Organisation, and to state the
cue
not t, ..>... .1 10
l», t add. 1 to till' 1 11 \ii;m v\ Thi Pol I
Retta-t mat ked on the Fine lo| e "Branch 1
,„i or befi " '
1 1 f y .
1. II I) I 1
686
THE AT II KN7EUM
N*4102, Ji m !», 1906
\ K I .
i
I K I : K BOHOOL < ' I
1 i ii -i vi i ORMfURK
A III Vh M VM BR will he Rl I MHKU I. I»»
II. -ill 1.
Art I I'
In.
Ai I
KINfcTON I'AKstl •
si bolaoo Institi
i\- 00 I- R I C II l'" I- S I El H NIC.
The GOVERNORS ■■' the WOOLWICH POLYTECHKU Invite
application for the >i> tmenl of ASSISTANT ART vivs'lEK
Coinm mnum Further parti, 'il in "
in il,.- PIUNI II' VI li. t "I i I--.I and
„.,.i 1 rnvel(>|M>>, i.. whom applli itlona iliould i»- forwarded not
nJI m: ••».
A VACANCY .... ui -in. i well known PUBLI8H-
in,, ii, -i -i for « BOOK EDITOR Experieu ' Publishing
easeiiti.il v Gentleman ,,r in il .1. ii. .- among Author* preferred
mired .in. 1 lull lai ii. ',1 ll - as I lew •'.
■ •.Ti.i.ii. .-. to T I. I D . ' Smith') Advertising Agency, 100,
Fieri Mini
UNIVERSITY GRADUATES REQUIRED by
PUBLISHER, to Compile ... Contribute i.. Educational
Ouidet HEX, Bos 1134, Athenaeum Press, IS, Bream's Buildlngi, i I
RUSSIAN TRANSLATOR REQUIRED AT
i.m EbyPl BLI8HER PartlculaisRF.X. Boxll23.Athenn)uin
lv s.- i . Hi. ,in - Buildings, Cham erj Lane, B I
A YOUTH WANTED.— One brought up at a
r,h.,i school: good handwriting; ...n.-. t ai additions, and
quick al Bgure* One anxious to learn business methods preferred.
Smtll commencing Salarj Apply GIBSON, ca I UcOorquodale S
i , i.i-i . io, i ..1 in. in Street, E.C.
Situations WLmttb.
BALLIOL SCHOLAR (First-class Classics.
University Prizeman] desires ENGAGEMENT at School,
Tutor's, or would take « Private Pupil. Highest Classics, Modern
languages, EUstory, Philosophy, Literature, Science. — BALLIOL,
Bhelleys, Qracechurch Street, EC.
TO PUBLISHERS and EDITORS.— EMPLOY-
MENT WANTED in any Literary or Journalistic capacity.
Mss read and prepared for Press. Editing, Compiling, Indexing,
Researches at tli" l!riti-h Museum, 4c. Foreign Languages. Good
knowledge oi Continental Affairs and Literature. —ERNEST A.
VI/.F.TEI.LY. IS, Southampton Buildings, Chancery 1 ane, W.C.
SECRETARY.— Bachelor of Arts (LADY), rapid
Shorthand and Type-writing, clear Handwriting, desires RE-
ENGAGEMENT.— Address B.A., Box 1122, Athenaeum Press, 13,
Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, B.C.
AN active YOUNG MAN (23) requires
SITUATION ,-is PUBLISHER'S or BOOKSELLER'S ASSIS-
TAN T. Can supply good references. — T., Uox 1070, Athenaeum Press,
13. Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
SEARCHES at BRITISH MUSEUM and other
LIBRARIES in English, French, Flemish, Dutch. German, and
Latin. Seventeen years' experience. — J. A. RANDOLPH, lis,
Alexandra Road, Wimbledon, B.W.
GENTLEMAN, long resident Abroad, knowing
Public Galleries of Continent and Private Collections of
England, desires RESEARCH WORK. Strii i accuracy. Would take
I*.-) Not afraid of work.— Box isit:. Witling's, 125, Strand.
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum an, l elsewhere on moderate ir Excellent
Testimonials.— A. B.. Box lOU-', Atlicnxiim Press, 13, Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane, Ed '.
iftisttilaiuous.
T
O PROPRIETORS.— JOURNALIST wishes to
Ill'Y a MAGAZINE or PERIODICAL of standing, with genuine
circulation. AH communications treated confidentially.— JOURNAL,
Box 1123, Athenaeum Press, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
TO AUTHORS and PUBLISHERS.— A well-
known CAMBRIDGE MAN. MA, is open to ADVISE
AUTHOR8, Revise Copy or Proofs, so. Highest referc ■ -Address
If., Box 1039, Athenaeum Press, is, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
mRAINING FOR PRIVATE SECRETARIAL
A WORK AND INDEXING.
s etarial Bureau : B2a, CONDUIT ST., BOND ST., LONDON, W.
Pounded U Telephone : 2*26 Gkbr.vdd.
MISS PETHERBRIDGE (Nat. Sci. Tripos).
EuPLorio m mi Im.u Omci is— Indezer of the East India
Company a Records; Dutch and Portuguese Translatoi
Tin- Drapers' Company's Kecords Catalogued and Arranged.
Im.ixmi ..i The Records ,,f the Count] Borough of Cardiff; The
Warrington Tow n Records ; The Blue Hooks of the Roral < bramixsions
on: London Traffic, The Supply of Food in TimeofWar, Motor Cars
cm, is .m, i Waterways; The Minutes of the Education Committee of
th, s imei set < lounty i 'ouncu.
MISS PETHERBRIDGE trains from Three to Siv Pupill even
for Private. Secretarial, and Bpecial Indexing v\,,,k The
training is ..m- of Apprenticeship, Pupils skirting o Junior Members
of the Staff and working ui> through all the Bran. hes. It i- practical
on actual work, each Pupil being Individually coached. The training
consists of Indoxlng which Includes Researrh Work nnd Precis
Writing Shorthand, Type Writing, nnd Business Training
THE TECHNIQUE 0! INDEXING. Bj Ma in Petukkh i
I ]„.st lice
PUBLISHER REQUIRES SHOP, with Office
J •.■•.'oiuniod.itiou behind or above. Moderate rental !' Box
1128, Attic ivum Press, 13, Bream's Buildings, Choicer. 1 B.C
(Tnpf-Mritfrs, &r.
HEADERS and ( OLLKCTORS will find
Um«| I VI I. WIN s MoN
AUTHOR 8* Mss., fct, par I ,<><"> worda
-I i:\i..\s PLAYS, I N\ I I PI lefullj
TYPED si I It. um.
M I. I. . v,,,,.,n Road . Don known ss Is, Rdgeurj ,
Ulapham, 1 vv
THE CO OPERATIVE TYPE WRITERS, Ltd.
-nil- -» II I V
CECIL HOUSE, 116, men HOLBORN, W.C
(Oral u i ran
SHORTHAND, TYPING, DUPLICATING, TKAN.SLATl.NO.
•i i: v. ING, Ac
A limit. -.1 uumlx-i of Pu|»ils taken.
"Living Wage.' Uttla orertims Ho work grran ont Office* waTJ
lighted and healthy, MSS kept in nrvproof safe. Efficient Staff.
• 'ATA I
lion
MillVMi I
rpYPE-WRITER. PLAY8 and Mss.
1 description. Cartion ami other Duplicate oi Manifold I
Mb i: \l TIGAR, 84, Maitland Park Rood. Haverstock Hill. N.W.
Established . .
riiVI'K \\ i:i I l\c. !i,/. per 1,000 words. Trans-
1 lations. w T I i RTIS 10, Bartngej Park, ich End, N.
TYPE-WRITING of all deacriptions WANTED
by LADY (Royal Barlock Machinal. Work carefully done and
promptly returned, lOd. 1,000 words.— Hiss BRIDGES P
Itudgwick.
TYPE-WRITING.— MSS., SCIENTIFIC, and
of all Descriptions, COPIED. BpscJa] attention to work
requiring care. Dictation Rooms {Shorthand or Type-Writing).
Usual terms.— Misses E. Ii and I. FAHKAN. Doningtou House. 30,
Norfolk Street, Strand, London.
TyPE-WRTING. —AUTHORS' MSS. of all
kinds carefuUy TYPED. M. per 1,000 after 3.000. Knowledge
of French, German, and Italian.— A. I'. Row man, 74, Limes Avenue,
New Southgate, N.
TYPE-WRITING undertaken by highly educated
Women (Classical Tripos; Cambridge Higher Local; Modem
Languages). Research, Revision, Translation. Dictation Room. —
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPE-WHITING AGENCY, 10, Duke Street,
adelphi, W.C.
TYPE-WRITING, 9.Z. per 1,000 words. All
kinds of MSS.. STORIES. PLAYS, ic. accurately TYPED.
Carbons. :;,/. per 1,000. Best references.— M. KING 7, Corona Villas,
Pinner Road, Harrow.
A UTHORS' MSS. , NOV ELS, S TORIES, PLAYS,
xY ESSAYS TYPEWRITTEN with comnlete accuracy 9d. per
1,000 words. Clear Carbon Copies euaranteed. References to wel'.-
known Writers.— M. STUART, Thirlbank Roxborough Road, Harrow
^.utljors' ^.g£itta,
THE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1S79.
The interests of Authors capably represented. Agreements for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed with Publishers.— Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. BIjRGHES, :;4. Paternoster Kow
AUTHORS, Published and Unpublished, in need
of GUIDANCE and ASSISTA NCE. should write for particulars
to THE AUTHORS' ADVISORY BUREAU, conducted by Mr.
LOUDON RICHARDS, for many years Literary Reader and for
sonic tunc Fiction Editor of the Messrs. Harmsworth assisted by
Mr. WILKINSON SHERREN, Member of the Society of Authors
Fiction a speciality.— Address -jo. Buckingham Street, West Strand.
London. W.C.
c,
$Utospap*r Agents.
MITCHKLL ft CO., Agents for the Sale and
Purchase of Newspaper Properties, undertake Valuations for
'<•■ or Purchase, Investigations and Audit of Accounts, *c. Card
nns on application.
Mifcliell l|,„,s,., i and 2. Snow Hill. Holborn Viaduct. E.C.
ATEWSPAPER PROPERTIES
Xl BOUGHT, SOLD. VALUED. AND SUPPLIED WITH
EVERY REQUISITE.
The London Ajreney of an addition A limited number of Proviacial
and Colonial (fewspapen can be undertaken.
Full particulars from
THE IMPERIAL NEWS AGENCY',
2 and 4, Tudor Street, Londou, E.C.
A THEX.EU.M PRESS. -JOHN EDWARD
XX FRANCIS. Printer of the Alkmcatm, Aofst ami Qasrisa &e is
prepared to SUBMIT ESTIMATES for all kinds of ROOK NEWS
and PERIODICAL PRINTLN'G.— IS, Breams Buildings, Chancery
(Catalogues.
BOOKS. —All OUT-OF-PRINT and RARE
BOOKS on any subject SUPPLIED. Themostexpert Book&nder
extant. Please state wants and ask for CATALOGUE. I make a apecial
feature of exchanging any Saleable Books for others selected from my
various Lists Special List ot 2, I books I particularly want post free.
— EDW. BAKER S Great Bookshop, 14-16, John Bright Btreet, Birming-
ham. Oscar Wildes Po.ins. 2is.. for 8s. ikl. [only 2.'i>i Issued}.
C^IRST EDITIONS of MODERN AUTHORS,
1 Including Dickens, Thackeray, Lever, Ainsworth; Books Ulus-
trated hi 0. and It. Oruik*hank. Phis, Rowlandson, Leech, Ac The
lamest and choicest Collection offered for Sale In the World. CATA-
LOGUES issued and Rent post fr >n application. Rooks R.,in.-ht -
WALTER T. SPENCER. 27, New Oxford Street, London. Vt I
II
II I'l M 11 37, Belvoir Si
. M.VL'M.i I .i„l II A lt>
t.. l;.^.l •
and otb. ) I'm. tins'
L EIOH1 0 N -
I LLU81 'RATED CATALOGUE oi EARLY
1 PRINTED and other INT El >1 A NIX it I ITS.
and HINDI
01 i EBRD I'd; -ALE I;Y
J. 4 J. LEIGHTON, I , Brnw
Thick Svo, 1.7;- 1 u_ 6.9H ttaism mih ut.waribi of 1 ISO Reproductions
-uiille.
Bound in . It t..|». Ms>{ half inoiwin, silt t<i». MkV
P rt X. Supples v »nl, ■«.". Ill i-o iti.^n«.
I'll. •• '.>. Just I--
"Hi V'lll DZB.
CATALOGUE No. 4.-.. - Drawi
and !'..«. ks. Indmling an extensive and hi
I. II. I II STI DIOKI'M in
Tin ii. i M u hjhtli t» liy
Ruakii M. WARD, i ■ rracei
Richmond, Buiiey.
pLAISHER'S REMAINDER BOOK
" ' i ATALOGUE. UNE BUPPLEMKXT Now RKADY
Extensive Purchases of Publishen Bemalnders at i ;.«l
Pi '
v\ I i.l.l \M GI.visiiKl! Remainder and Diae a Bookseller.
■j>s-,. High Holborn, London, l\ I
Als.,:. u-eful CAT M.OB CEof POPULAR i I RRENT LITER A"
and one of ll'.E.M II NOVELS I LA88IC8,*c.
ANCIENT and MODERN COLN8.— CoR
and AnUqnarians are invited to apply to SPINK A
Limited, for Specimen Cony (gratis) of their NUMISMATIC ( Il
Sale at Moderate Pricex.— SPINK A- SON. Liuitmi. Experts. Valuers,
and Cataloguers, 18, 17. ;uid IS. Piccadilly, London. W. EsUblishetl
upwards of a Century.
T
0 BOOKRUYERS-— The BOOK BUYER AND
KKADF.K for 'INK, containing Supitlrmentary LisU of
valuable &econ*l-Hand Works and Ne» Kemainden ■ntlv
reduced. i> now readr, post free ui»»n ajiplication t.. \\'. H. SMITH k
SON. Library Department, 1^;. Btrand, London, W « .
TUST PUBLISHED. THE INTERNATIONAL
*J ISimiIC CIRCULAR, No Hi containing a Classified List ot
NEW and numerous valuable SECOND HAND BOOKS. Br.
gratis -WILLIAMS i N ORG ATE Ecs.k Import rjetta
Street. C.veut Garden, W.C.
G
EORi: E
C R U I K S H A X K.
Dealers or Private Individuals who secured
desirable Items from the recent Truman Sale of
Cruikshankiana which they w i^li t<> re-sell (Books,
Caricatures. Plain or Coloured, Littery-Puffs,
Woodcuts, Chap-Books, Original Drawings. &c. )
are requested to send full description of same,
with price, to
EDWIN H. WENDELL,
500 Fifth Avenue, New York. U.S. A
pATALOGUE of FRENCH BOOKS, at greatly
\J reduced juices. I. PHILOSOPHY. II. RELIGION 111 Ills
TORY IV I'oKTKV. DRAMA. MUSIC. V. BEAUX-ARTS VI
GEOGRAPHY. VII. MILITARY. VIII. FICTION. IX. GENERAL
LITERATURE.
DULATJ A ( 0, :::. Soho Bqaam, London, \V.
^alts bn Ruction.
Valuable JfttetOamaWMi /•'
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, iii. fhann ij Latw, w
TUESDAY, June 12. and Two Following D:.\s at l ,
\ VII "AUI.E MISi ELLANEOUS Rooks. Including a Complet S
ot the Tu.lor Translations, on Japanese Vellum. 4" vols. Oonpil's
Historical Monoi.-rsi.li-. Large and Small Paper. 9 vols. — Holbein -
traits oi the Court of 11,-nrv VIII. — Editions do Line of the Writing*
of J. II. Jesse, l^i.lv Jackson, and Edward Fttsgerald — I
from the Kelmsoott, Vale, and Carad. IV --. - Hones Walpole's
Letters, :> vols.- The QreviUe Memoirs. First Edition. K vols., an.l
other Biogmphicnl and Court Memoirs Library Sets of Shakespeare.
Fielding, Sterne. Dickens. Thackeray, Bront£, !>•• Quincey. Kiplinc.
and others, mostly in calf and morocco Und&gs— rarkii
Theatrum Botanicum, 1640; Milton's Paradise Regained, li~l ;
Shelter's The Cenci. Italy. 1»19. and other First Editions; PORTION
of the LIBRARY ol an EMINENT SCIENTIST, Including the I
Society's Transactions, from 1857 t.. 1903, 119 vols— Rooth s Roneh
N..i. . on British Birds, 3 vols in i>srts:a SELECTION ol El'
PUBLICATIONS rrom s REV IEVVERS LIBRARY. Ac.
T. be viewed and Catalogues had.
o,..,; \'alwi>ile Boots, including a Selection rVMRMoM
l.iiniirii, removed from Tunbriigt HVAs.
ESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
v. . noy ai their Rooms, 110, Chanoan Lane v^ ■
WEDNESDAY. June an. an.l Two Following llavs, RARE and
\ VII Vl'.I.K BOOKS, coinpriaiiut The Engraved Works of Sir Joshua
Reynolds, 3 Its of Members of Grilliou's dub,t vols.—
Ackermann's History ol Oxford University, 'J rob., aid morocco—
Dihdin'a Bibliographical Tour. Isvrge Paper,! roas.. moroeoo extrs -
Tvier's Bartoloszi. Large Paner, 2 vols.- Original Octavo Ed I
Writings oi Lecky, Fronde, Morlev, Motley, Preacott. Napier, ami
others Symonds's Kenaiaaance in Italy. Oriarinal Edition. # vols., and
Hooka on Vrt Bxtenaive Scries of First Editions of Di -
l.e\ei. Hardy, Stevenson, Jefferies, Browning, Swinburne. A. *
eluding many nve volumes- K.s.Ks illustrated by Rowlandson, Cruik-
(hank, and Leech Sporting Books— Americans Mss \
Oat ;.[.'ii.-ition.
M
N°4102, June 9, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
687
Valuable Library of Modern Books (removed from the
Country).
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION at their Ilooms, 116, Chancery Lane, W.C., at the
End of JUNE, a VAMJAIJLE blliRAKY OF MODERN BOOKS,
comprising a Complete Set of the Tudor Translations, 40 vols.— Beau-
mont and Fletcher's Works, 14 vols.— Geneste's History of the English
Stage, 10 vols.— Aldine Poets, ~d vols.— Lytton's Works, Edition de
Luxe, 32 vols.— Carlyles Works, :!4 vols. 1870-/1 — Kuskin's Works.
2.) vols.— Brinklev's.lapan, 1'2 vols.— Folio Antiquarian and Architec-
tural Works— and a large Selection of Standard Works in all Classes
■of Literature.
Catalogues are preparing.
The valuable Collection of Early British, Anglo-Saxon,
and Enylisk Coins formed by an Astronomer, recently
deceased.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. 13, Wellington
Street. Strand, W.C., on MOXHAY, June 11, and Following Day, the
valuable COLLECTION of EARLY BRITISH, ANOLO-SAXON, and
ENGLISH COINS formed by an ASTRONOMER, recently deceased,
comprising, amongst other rarities, the following Pieces worthy of
especial notice in the Anglo-Saxon Scries: Pennies of Cutbred, King
of Kent 1791; Baldred (80); Offa, King of Mercia, with and without
Bust, several varieties iS2, K'i, 84, 8.1, 86, 881 ; Cvnetlnith, Queen of Offa,
with Bust (92): Coenwulf, with and without Bust (93, !>7, 98); Ceol-
wulf I., with Bust 199 1001 ; Beomwulf, with Bust (101); Berntulf,
with Bust (1021; Aethelstan I. of East Anglia, without Bust (105) ;
Acthchveard, without Bust 11071 ; St. Martin of Lincoln (1211; Aethel-
beard, Archbishop of Canteiburv 1123); Archbishop Wulfred (12i5) ;
•'Sede Vacante" (131): Ecgbeornt, King of Wessex. with Bust, Canter-
bury Mint 1136, 1371, Allied the Great, with Bust and Monogram of
London (153); Edward the Elder, without Bust or Mint, the rare
Floral and Ecclesiastical Types (102, 163, 104, 166), &c.
May be viewed. Illustrated Catalogues may be had.
Works of Art.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION at their House, No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C., on TUESDAY*. June 12, and Two Following
nays, at 1 o'clock precisely, WORKS of ART, comprising English,
Continental, and Oriental Porcelain— Old English Pottery, including
a COLLECTION of LUSTRE WARE, the Property of a GENTLE-
MAN—Silver Plate, Bijouterie, Antiquities, &c.
May be viewed. Catalogues may lie had.
The Important Collection of Roman Coins formed by an
Astronomer recently deceased.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL bv AUCTION, at. their House, No. 13, Wellington
■Street, Strand, W.C., on WEDNESDAY, June 13, and Five Following
Hays, at 1 o'clock precisely, the important COLLECTION of ROMAN
■COINS, in Gold, Silver, and Bronze, formed by an ASTRONOMER
recently deceased.
May be viewed. Illustrated Catalogues may be bad.
The Library of the late FliAXCIS LEVTEX, Esq.;
rah/able Sporting Books, the Property of Sir HUMPHREY
I)E TRAFFORD, Hart. ; and a Selection of valuable
Sporting and other Books from the Library of Sir DAXIEL
COOPER, Bart.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION at their House, No. 13, Wellington
Street, strand. W.O., "n MONDAY JUNE is. and Two Following
Days, ai i o'clock precisely, the LIBRARY of the late FRANCIS
LEY1EN. Esq.; valuable SPORTING BOOKS, the PROPERTY of
Sir HUMPHREY DE TRAFFORD, Rait.: and a SELECTION of
valuable SPOUTING and other BOOKS from the LIBRARY of Sir
DANIEL COOPER. Bart.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
The Collection of War Medals and Military end Naval
Decorations, the Propertyofthe late J. S. WJIIDBORXE, Esq.
"IU"ESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
1x1. will SELL by AUCTION", at their Hi use, No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand, on THURSDAY, June 21. at i o'clock precisely, the
>le COLLECTION of WAR MEDALS and NAVAL and MILI-
TARY DECORATIONS, the Property of the late J. S. WIIIDUOKNE,
Esq., of Dawlish.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
Valuable Books, and Illuminated and other Manuscripts.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will BELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.O., on WEDNESDAY. June 27, and Three Follow-
ingDays, at i o'clock precisely, valuable BOOKS, and ILLUMINATED
ther MANUSCRIPT'S, HISTORICAL and UTERARY DOCU-
MENTS, AUTOGRAPH LETTERS, *c., including 17 extremely rare
Pre-Shakespearean Plays, Original Sixteenth-Century Editions— the
First and Fourth Shakespeare Folios, and numerous Woiks of
Shakespearean interest— an interesting Shakespearean Manuscript—
the Whit worth Papers— Nelson Documents— John Knox's Book of
Common Order, in Gaelic, First Edition- a Letter and Song in the
Autograph of Robert Rum-; Books from the LIBRARY of
W. HAGGARD, Esq.; Byromnna— Manuscript of the Oi ler i the
Garter- Blake's Poetical Sketches, 1783, Presentation Copy Qoupil's
illustrated Monographs, &c.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
Curiosities,
TUE8DA V and WEDXESDA V, June IS and IS,
at half-past IS o'clock.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER, at his
Rooms. :;s. King Btreet. Oovcnl Garden, London. w.c, a
CONSIGNMENT of OLD CHINESE and JAPANESE PORCELAIN
—Twenty Lois of old Lace— Indian and Paisley Shawls— Pictures,
including one rery important Work bv Gavin Hamilton; the RE-
MAINING PORTION of the COLLECTION of SAMPLERS formed
bi the late W. W. ROBINSON, Esq. ; a small hut choice Collection
ol Inns and Armour. Native Weapons, he..— Old Cut Glass and Table
China liioii/..- -Idols— Ornaments from India and Borneo Persian
pictures and Curios— s fine Specimen Mummy, In case beautifully
embroidered Chinese Mandarins' Koi.cs— Japanese Sword Guards and
Netsukes — and an Immense Number of Curios.
On I tow day prior. Catalogues on application,
Sales of Miscellaneous Property.
MR. J. C. STEVENS i>egs to announce that
WALKS are held EYKRY FRIDAY, at hid Rooms, 88. King
Street, Oovent Garden, London, W.f'., f„i the disposal of micro.
SCOPES, SLIDES, and OBJECTIVES — Telescopes— Theodolitei
L«t«U electrical nod Scientific Instrument! -Cameras, Lenses, and
M kinds of Photographic Apparatus— Optical I/Hiih-rns with Slides
and all Accessories in grrat variety by Beet Makers — Household
Furniture— Jewellery— and other Miscellaneous Property,
On Ticw Thursday 2 to 5 and moi ning of Sale.
SALES by AUCTION, &c, continued on p. 688.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
A NORFOLK MANOR, 1086-1565. By Frances Gardiner
Davenport, Ph.D., of the Department of Historical Research in the Carnegie
Institution of Washington.
Royal 8vo
2 plates, 1 map
10s net
In this book the economic development of the manor of Forncett, in Norfolk,
is traced from the year 1086 to the year 1565. In the case of this manor a com-
paratively rich series of manorial documents exists and these and other extant
records have been examined for facts throwing light on economic conditions in the
manor during that period.
NO MAN'S LAND. A History of Spitsbergen from its Discovery
to the beginning of the Scientific Exploration of the Country. By Sir Martin Conway.
Hoyal 8vo
11 plates, 13 maps
10s 6d net
Here the author tells the story of events in and on the coasts of Spitsbergen
since its discovery in 1596. Year by year from early in the seventeenth century,
Spitsbergen has been the scene of industries attracting adventurers of many
nations, whose purposes, rivalries and fortunes are related. The book is illus-
trated and lias many excellent maps.
TRANSLATIONS INTO GREEK VERSE AND PROSE. By
R. D. Archer-Hind, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
' No one would, after reading this book, attempt to better the translations it
contains of the verse of Shelley and Mr. Swinburne, the prose of William Morris,
and other pieces of inspired English. These renderings are not elaborate mosaic,
like some very clever work of present-day scholars, but so simple and graceful that
they seem for the most part obvious, abounding though they do in feats of scholar-
ship. "The Garden of Proserpine," with which the volume opens, flowers so
naturally in its Greek form beside the English that it may now be called twice
classic. .. .If we once began to quote, we should not know where to stop; so we
will simply say that this book is unequalled in its way by the work of any living
scholar we know. A syndicate might compete with Mr. Archer-Hind, "but no
single man.' — Athenceum.
PRAELECTIONS delivered before the Senate of the University
of Cambridge, 25, 26, 27 January, 1906.
Large Crown 8vo
6s net
Demy 8vo
5 s net
This book contains the expositions delivered in January last, according to
statute, by the five candidates for the Regius Professorship of Greek, Professor
Jackson, Br. Adam, Dr. Verrall, Dr. Walter Headlam, and Professor Ridgeway.
ARISTOTLE DE SENSU AND DE MEM0RIA. Text and
Translation, with Introduction and Commentary. By G. R. T. Ross, D.Phil.
Demy 8vo
9s net
... nan mi auequa.be means m oecoiinng acquainted
with these two important works. Biehl's text is given, witli the translation on the
facing pages. The appended commentary will, it, is hoped, elucidate the many
difficulties occurring in the interpretation of the text.
FOUR PLAYS OF EURIPIDES. Andromache, Helen, Heracles,
Orestes. Essays, by A. W. Verrall, Litt.D., Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
Demy 8vo
7s 6d net
'Here he [Dr. Verrall] takes four of the plays, veritable puzzles, and after
Showing the absurdity of the common interpretations of them, offers new ones Of
his own, based on the general view of the poet's genius which be has formed, lie
claims to have found for these four plays interpretations reasonable and con-
sistent, in jdace of the only possible alternative, the assumption t hat as dramas
they were complete failures. Granted the fame of Euripides, we are inclined to
think that Dr. Venall's view is likely to be right . . . .We must offer our COngrat illa-
tions in Dr. Verrall on the admirable clearness with which he states and analyzes
the intricate plots.' — Athenceum,
THE WISDOM OF THE WISE. Three Lectures on Free Trade
Imperialism. By W. Cunningham, D.D. F.B.A., Fellow and Director of Economic
Studies in Trinity College, Cambridge.
Crown 8vo
2s net
The three lectures printed are on (I.) Mr. Haldane and Economic Science,
(II.) Mr. St. Loe str.u hoy and Imperial Sentiment, and (III.) Lord Roseberyand
the Unemployed. Two appendices follow on cognate matters referred to iii the
lectures, ' Religion and Political bife ' and ' The Imperialism of CromwelL'
BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER. Complete Plays and Poems.
Edited by Arnold Glover, M.A., and A. R. Waller, M.A. Volumes I, II and III.
The text of this edition of Beaumont and Fletcher, reprinted from the folio of
Hi/'.) with a record of all earlier variant leadings, will be completed in ton volumes ■
Of which Vols. 1, II and III are now ready and Vol. IV in the press.
' l'ne leiivre Bolide et qui rendra los plus grands services.' /,', ear Grnncni-jue.
' Pre-eminently, then, this new edition is an edition for scholars.1
'An ideal Ho.iuinont and Fletcher.' Soottman. Athrmiiini.
'In the full sense, then, the edition is critical and adequate.'- Xotesaml (,"
Largo crown 8vo
4s. 6d. net each
Subscription price
Subscribers for complete setsof the edition are entitled to purchase copies at the
reduced rate of 4s. net per volume. A prospectus will be sent on application.
Lond)X, Fetter Lane: Cambridge University Press Warehouse : 0. P. Clay, Manager.
T HE ATM ENJEUM
N U02, June 9, 1906
. i -H.lsMI Mi MUR1T/.,
18, at
13, at
1 o'olook,
I o'olook.
9sta by Aurlion--- continued,
|\1ESSR8 CHRIRTIK, MANSON .V Woods
.'I mil hold ii" feUowtni
BALM if AUCTION »t their . Btrwt. Bt. J
o.i MONDAY . Jane II, at I o'olook, PICTURE8
mil i UKAWLNUD. tin Property o' the Ute U n iii.|..ii\m
nml i "i
On TUESDAY, June 12, tA I o'olook, the
( OLLEI ii"'- if ENGRAVINGS of the Uti I.\i-\ < i itltli:
On I UESDA^ , June 12, it l o'olook, the
i OLl I ' i ln\ ol "in \\ BDOWOOI)
I
WEDNESDAY, June
Important u:u i:i>
On WEDNESDAY, June
Important BOOKS fi be LI BR UUK8ofthe late LAD 1 I I Hit IK
\ M UUKAVES. 17, tier. Inriil U irdera, Hjrdi Park : W. II.
MJLLIOA.N indothen
On THURSDAY, Jane 14, at 2 o'olook, choice
w INE8 .ui.i i n.Mis. the Property ol the late Bti JAMBA Mil, l. Kit.
Bart
ON FRIDAY, .run.- 15, at 1 ..Cluck, OLD
ENOLI8H «ii.t FRENCH DECORATIVE FURNITURE ol Q \
iiii.i.\. i:- ,
On SATURDAY, June 16, at 1 ./clock, the
. "1.1. in l l"\ ..i N BRN PICTURES and DRAWINGS ronned by
the late THOMAS AONEW, Esq ; MODERN PICTURES anil
DR \v> INOS, the Proiwrtj ol the bte G K HARRISON, Esq . Hu-
ll TOD HKATLY, Esq., and other*.
Valuable Books.
SSSRS. PUTTICK ft SIMPSON will SELL
i.v Alt II. iN :ii their Galleries, it. Leli eater Square, W.O., <ni
THURSDAY Jl SE21, and Following Day, ;.t ten minatea p.-t
i n.l,.. k precisely, ;i COLLECTION of raluabTe Uoiiks, including the
l.il.i: u:\ ol a i l.i:i:..\ M IN
M
fit a rr I sham VICARAGE.
Fivemilei from Ipswich, Suffolk.
On WBDNBSDA Y and THURSDA 1', June tS and /',,
at U o'clock each day precisely,
GARROD TURNER ft SON will SELL by
AUCTION lbs direction of the Executor of the Rev. H. A.
wai.kki:. ,:. • ,.,-,!i tin- fin."
LIBRARY OP BOOKS
gmprudng Standard Worki <.f History, Biography,
Poetry, and Pi. tion — Works of Reference on Art, Furniture, Ceramics,
and Natural History — Topographical and Architectural Unoks — a
( ..IK rt i, .m c.t Missals and Breviaries and of Musical Works. Also
the ANTIQUE FURNITURE, OLD PORCELAIN, ENGRAVINGS,
PI \Ti:. and MISCELLANEOUS EFFECTS.
<>m view TUESDAY, June 12. Catalogues of the AUCTIONEERS,
Ipswich.
T
ittaga^irus, &r.
HE G EO( ! R APHICAL JOURNAL. Price 2*.
Contents. JUNE.
EXPLORATION IN THE AI1AI BASIN, ABYSSINIA. By H.
Weld Blumlell. With skit.li Hap.
SUGGESTIONS POB AN INQUIRY INT.) THE RESOURCES OF
THE EMPIRE. By Prof. U. P. Scott Elliot.
BATHYMETRICAL SURVEY OF THE FRESH-WATER LOCHS
OP SCOTLAND. Under the Direction of Sir John Hurray, K.C.B.,
and Laurence PuUar, P.R.S.E. With Index Map and 6 Plates.
Till: NOMENCLATURE OP THE NORTH AMERICAN CORDIL-
LERA BETWEEN THE 47m AM) I! PARALLELS OP
LATITUDE. By Reginald A. Daly, Ottawa, Canada. With
Sketch Map.
Hit. sVKN HEIiIN.S JOURNEY IN CENTRAL ASIA:
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. By Major W. Broadfoot, HE.
BE! BUT EARTHQUAKES. By H. D. 0.
RUWENZOBJ.
DR. SVEN I1EHIN IN PERSIA.
REVIEWS.
OBITUARY [General si, II. E. L. ThuOlier, Knt. C.S.I. F.R.s.
MEETINGS OP THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY,
SESSION 1005-1906.
GEOGRAPHICAL LITERATURE OP THE MONTH.
NEW MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS,
London: EDWARD STANFORD. |-J, is. U, Long Acre, W.C,
T>RITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).
The following are among the more recently published Works on
N:itunil History tuned by the Trustees of the ltntii.Ii Museum :—
CATALOOUE OF BIRDS' EGOS, Vol. IV.
PASSERIFORHES ntinued), By E. W. OATES and
BAVLLEG. REin. 14 Coloured Plates. Price 11.10s.
CATALOOUE OF LEP1 DOPTERA
I'll \I..K\.E [MOTHS] By Si. GEORGE P. HAMPSON, Bart.
Vol. v N.i.Tt'lD.E .HADEMN.E'. I7J Woodcuts. Price 16s.
Atlas of 18 Coloured Plates, IBS.
SYNONYMIC CATALOGUE OF ORTHO-
PTElt A. By W. P. KlltltV Vol I. ORTHOPTERA
EUPLEXOPTERA, CUR80RIA, ET GRBS80R1 \ Price 10s,
S V\( IN X M IC CATALOGUE OF HOMOPTERA.
Part I. rl.'ADID.i:. Bj W. L. DISTANT. I*. i- ■
CATALOGUE OF MADREPORARIAN
CORAM. Vol. V, PnltlTES OP THE I M») -PACIFIC
REGION. By H. M. BERNARD, M. A SB Plates. Price U. IBs,
ILLUSTRATIONS OF AUSTRALIAN PLANTS
.'"I. I.E. TEH IN 1770, .Inline Oapl
World In H.M.8. Endeavour. Part ill.
Price U. 5«.
Cook> Voyage round the
Plates and ■'■ Maps.
CATALOGUE OF THE TERTIARY VERTE-
BRATA OP THE FAYUM, EGYPT. By 0. W. ANDREWS
D.Sc. F.R.s. B8 Text- Figures and SB Plates, Price u. Us,
CATALOOUE OF THE FOSSIL PLANTS OF
the GLOS80PTERI8 FLORA Beings Monograph of the Permo-
Carboniferous Flora ol India and the Southern Hemisiihere. Hv
i. \ NEWELL ARBER, MA. F.L.8. F.G.8. r.l Text Figures
ami B Plates. Price 12s, >«/.
These Works can be purchased through the Agency of Messrs
LONGMANS * OO.B9, Paternoster Row. B.C.: Mr. B. Ql'ARlTCH
IB, Piccadilly, W.j Messrs. KEGAN PAUL s co. Dryden House'
13, Gcir.r.1 street, s.ili,., W. ; and Messrs. HI I, At- Ac co :;t Sole',
Bquare, W, E. RAY LANKESTER, Director.
June I, 1800.
S.G0RER1S0N
BEG TO ANNOUNCE THAT
THEY HAVE
ON VIEW
AT THEIR GALLERIES,
170, NEW BOND STREET
THE
TRAPNELL
COLLECTION
o p
OLD CHINESE
PORCELAIN.
ADMISSION ON PRESENTATION OF
VISITING CARD ONLY.
OPEN DAILY 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.
SATURDAY 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
S.G0RER&S0N
170, NEW BOND STREET
LONDON, W.
SMITH, ELDER & CO -
NEW BOOKS.
READY ON MONDAY NEXT.
With 'i'2 III.. and .1 M.i|>.
Sin. ill .l-liiv V..,. [fa (>/. 11. I.
THE BALKAN TRAIL
By FREDERICK MOOBE.
*.* This irorfc relates: the experience*
American corn pondent during the n t»le»
in the Balkans, and affords: an uudght into the
eharaoter of th<- people and th<- political situation.
Incidentally, Mr. Moore tells, on the authority of
tin- a< tms in the drama, the real history of the
abduction and ransom of .Madame Tsilka.
A MEMOIR OF THE LATE PROYOST OF KING'S
JUST PUBLISHED).
With Portraits. Small demy BTO, 8*. M. net.
AUGUSTUS AUSTEN LEIGH,
Provost of King's College. Cambridge.
A RECORD Ol COLLEGE REFORM.
Edited by WILLIAM AUSTEN LEIGH,
Fellow of King's College, Oambi
FROM A COLLEGE WINDOW.
By ARTHUR CHRISTOPHER BENSON,
Fellow of Magdalene College, Caaabridget
Large post BTO, 7*. <>/. net.
THIRD IMPRESSION. (SECOND EDITION.)
WITH A PREFACE.
GUARDIAN.— "IT* have nothing but praise for Mr.
Benson's book. His style at its beat ri>e- to real beauty,
and it is rare to lifjlit on two consecutive pages in which it
is wholly lacking in charm."
A VISION OF INDIA,
As Seen during the Tour of the Prince and
Princess of Wales.
By SIDNEY LOW.
With 32 pages of Illustration*. Small demySvo, 10*. 6d. net.
Lord Curzon, in a Speech to the New Vagabonds' Club
on May 15th. said :— "Mr. Sidney Low. the author of that
interesting book, 'A vision of India,' ha* seeeeeded in
giving a striking picture of Indian life under many of its
varied aspects, which I believe tube substantially accurate,
and which is clearly the result of much acute observation
and penetrating insight."
HEROES OF EXILE :
Being Certain Rescued Fragments of
Submerged Romance.
By HUOH CLIFFORD, C.M.G.,
Author of ' Studies in Brown Humanity.'
Crown Bvo
TRIBUSE.—" A remarkable book We Bod it hard to
recall any volume of conventional romance that is packed
with so much enthralling incident."
NEW 8IX-SHILLING NOVELS.
SALTED ALMONDS.
By F. ANSTEY, Author of ' Vice Versa.'
Crown BTO, 6s.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
DAILY TELEGRAPH.—" A series of delightful enter-
tainments, provocative ol many -miles and much laughter.''
AMELIA AND THE DOCTOR.
By HORACE G. HUTCHINSON,
Author of 'Two Moods of a Man, • Crowhorough Beacon,'
&c Crown Bvo, ' •■
DAILY TELEGRAPH. "The story is simple and in-
teresting, and the characters lifelike and lovable."
CLEMENCY SHAFT0.
By FRANCES C. BURMESTER,
Author of "John Lott'a Alice.' ' A November Cry.' Ac.
(On June 11.
London :
SMITH. ELDER & CO. \,\ Waterloo Place, S.W.
N°4102, June 9, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
689
MESSRS. MACLEHOSE'S NEW BOOKS.
THIS DAY.
Royal 8vo, with 1 7 Full-Page Engravings of Mary Queen of Scots and of her
Jewels, 8s. Qd. net.
PORTRAITS AND JEWELS OF MARY
STUART.
By ANDREW LANG.
" The jewels portrayed agree wonderfully with those catalogued in the Queen's inventories, and the
chief value and novelty of the book is the application, to this and other portraits, of a test of identifica-
tion hitherto overlooked or neglected. " — Scotsman.
"This book is delightful." — Speaker. " In Mr. Lang's very best vein." — Outlook.
" The subject is made deeply interesting by Mr. Lang's facile pen." — Dundee Advertiser.
"A volume that is comely to regard and attractive in theme." — Westminster Gazette.
MESSRS. LONGMANS & CO.'S
LIST.
THIS DAY, with 9 Illustrations, 5s. net.
MONTHS AT THE LAKES.
By the Bev. CANON RAWNSLEY.
"This is a delightful book for the lover of the district — for anybody, indeed, who loves natural
beauty and is interested in local customs." — Evening Standard.
" Anything more delightful as a handbook to the Lake Country can scarcely be imagined." *
Yorkshire Weekly Post.
" Canon Rawnsley is at his best in this delightful volume. The book is a masterpiece, and is very
unlikely to be superseded." — Church Family Newspaper.
" Few who take up this volume will be content with a single reading." — Standard.
"No living writer has done more to familiarize the present generation with the history and
traditions of Lakeland than Canon Rawnsley." — Tribune.
ALSO BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
LITERARY ASSOCIATIONS OF THE
ENGLISH LAKES.
2 vols. Third Edition. With 32 Illustrations. 10s. net.
"A tramp of intelligence, however exacting, who carries the book in one pocket, and a good
Ordnance map in the other, will find himself amply provided for an exhaustive tour in the Lake Country."
Illustrated London News.
HISTORY OF JAPAN, 1693.
Translated in 1693 by J. G. SCHEUCHZEK, F.R.S., London,
From the High Dutch of ENGLEBERT KAEMPFER, M.D.,
Physician to the Dutch Embassy to the Emperor's Court.
3 vols, demy 8vo, cloth, gilt top, 37s. Qd. net.
" The most important and authoritative early work upon Japan. A more interesting and happier
reprint is not to be desired." — Notes and Qtu ri< e.
" The many Westerners who are endeavouring to learn something — as far as it is possible— about
the Japanese, coidd not do better than commence their studies by a perusal of Dr. Kaempfer's pages."
Daily Mail.
"Kaempfer's great work oil Japan has been justly described as a classic, and a classic it will
remain." — Glasgow Herald.
"It is an amazing book ; one wonders that a single pair of eyes could have seen so much, that a
single brain could have reasoned so much and so well about so many things." — Liverpool Post.
Royal 8vo, with 471 Illustrations, 42s. net.
WILLIAM STRANG.
CATALOGUE OF HIS ETCHED WORK.
With Introductory Essay by LAURENCE BINYON.
"Almost every etching that Mr. Strang has done since L882 is pictured here.'-— Academy.
"The book is a remarkable monument of his achievement as an etcher." — Scotsman.
Glasgow: JAMES MACLEHOSE & SONS,
Publishers to the University.
London : MACMILLAN k CO., Limited.
THE POLITICAL
HISTORY
OF ENGLAND.
Written by various Authors under the Direction and
Editorship of the
Rev. WILLIAM HUNT, D.Litt.,
President of the Royal Historical Society, and
REGINALD LANE-POOLE, M.A. Ph.D.,
Editor of the ' English Historical Review.'
In 12 vols, demy 8vo,
each volume having its own Index and 2 or more Maps.
The price of each volume is 7s. 6d. net if sold separately,
but COMPLETE SETS may be subscribed for through the
Booksellers at the price of 4'. net, payment being made at
the rate of 6-v. 8d. net on the delivery of each volume.
The following volume is just published : —
VOL. XI. FROM ADDINGTON'S ADMINISTRATION"
TO THE CLOSE OF WILLIAM IV.'S REIGN
(1801-1837). By the Hon. GEORGE C. BRODRICK,
D.C.L., late Warden of Merton College, Oxford. Com-
pleted and Revised by J. K. FOTHERINGHAM, M.A.,
formerly Senior Demy of Magdalen College, Oxford,
Lecturer in Classical Literature at King's College,
London. With 3 Maps.
The following Volumes are now ready: —
VOL. I., to 10G6. By THOMAS HODGKIN, D.C.L.
Litt.D., Fellow of University College, London. With
2 Maps.
VOL. II., 1066 to 1216. By GEORGE BURTON
ADAMS, M.A., Professor of History in Yale University,
New Haven, Connecticut. With 2 Maps.
VOL. III., 1216 to 1377. By T. F. TOUT, M.A., Professor
of Mediaeval and Modern History in the Victoria University
of Manchester. With 2 Maps.
VOL. X., 1760 to 1801. By the Rev. WILLIAM HUNT,
M.A. D.Litt., Trinity College, Oxford. With 3 Maps.
HERESIES OF SEA POWER.
By FRED T. JANE,
Author of 'Fighting Ships,' Ac.
With 8 Maps and 14 Illustrations. 8vo, 12s. Gd. net.
The object of this hook is to prove that the theories
of Sea Power generally held, and specially as con-
nected with the name of C apt. Mohan, are incorrect.
THE COMING OF THlT
BRITISH TO AUSTRALIA.
1788 to 1829.
By IDA LEE (Mrs. CHAS. BRUCE MARRIOTT).
With 54 Illustrations and a Preface by the
Most Hon. the MARQUIS OF LINLITHGOW, K.T.
8vo, 7s. Gd. net.
WAYSIDE SKETCHES IN
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
Nine Lectures, with Notes and Preface.
By CHARLES BIGG, D.D.,
Canon of Christ Church and Regius Professor of Eccle-
siastical History in the University of Oxford.
8vo, 7x. 6</. net.
" These lectures might have been called Essays on
the Development of 'the Church. They refer to three
great moments in that fa/< Jul process -the making of
the media rid system, tin decay of the mediaeval
system, and the beginnings of modern Christianity."
From the Preface.
NEW VOLUME FOR THE YEAR 1905.
THE ANNUAL REGISTER:
A Review of Public Events at Home and
Abroad.
Svo, 18s.
A DISCREPANT WORLD :
Being an Essay in Fiction.
BytheAuthorof ' Through Spectacles of Feeling, '&c.
( 'rown Svo, ft*.
LONGMANS. GREEN & CO.
39, Paternoster Row, London.
000
Til K ATI! KNJKUM
N 1102. .Iim. 9, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NEW BOOKS.
Hia\ i wini CONSIDER mm MM RATIONS
\M> ADDITIONS, NOW Kl. ADV.
TUB
STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK.
tie .1 .ui.l n 1st 1 tntm I of the State* rrf thi
:. foi the \>>\ 1908. Kdited by .1. HCOT1 KELTI1
LI i' \Mth Map*. Crown 8vo, 10*. M. net.
LIFE & EXPERIENCES OF
SIR HENRY ENFIELD
R0SC0E, D.C.L. LL.D. F.R.S.
Written by Himself. With Photogravure Portraits and
other Illustrations, 8vo, IS*, net.
ENGLISH MEN OF LETTERS.— Kew VoL
WALTER PATER,
Bj A. C. BENSON. Crown 8T0, 2*. net.
HURST & BLACKETTS MESSRS. CONSTABLES
HENRY SIDGWICK: a Memoir.
By A. 8. and R. M. s. With Portraits. 8vo, 18*. M. net
A HISTORY OF
ENGLISH PROSODY
From the Twelfth Century to the Present Day.
By GEORGE SAINTSBURY, MA. Hon. LL.D., Professor
i.f Rhetoric and English Literature in the University of
Edinburgh. :: vols. 8vo.
Vol. 1. PROM THE ORIGINS TO SPENSER 10*. net.
ACADEMY. — "The present instalment has convinced us
that the whole subject is being dealt with in masterly
fashion, ami we are confident that the remaining volumes
will lie worthy of their theme. For Prof. Saint'slmry has
that quality which made Hazlitt one of the first of critics
— he his gust'i ; he loves literature."
VOL. III. NOW READY.
POCKET TENNYSON.
In 5 vols. fcap. 8vo, limp cloth, 2s. net; limp leather, is.
• ill.
Vol. III. BALLADS AND OTHER POEMS.
EVEllSEEY SEIUES.—Nw Vol.
EIGHT DRAMAS OF
CALDER0N.
Freely Translated by EDWARD FITZGERALD. Globe
8vo, 4*. net.
A HANDBOOK OF
BRITISH INLAND BIRDS.
By ANTITOXY fOLLETT. With Coloured and Outline
Plates of Rggs by ERIC PARKER, frown 8vo, c*.
OUTLOOK.— "A wholly delightful book, marked on
every page by care ami accuracy.
ST0NEHENGE AND OTHER
BRITISH STONE MONU-
MENTS ASTRONOMICALLY
CONSIDERED.
By Sir NORMAN LOCKYER, K.C.B. l'.K.s. Illustrated,
medium 8vo, 10*. net.
NEW BOOK BY GOLDWIN SMITH.
IN QUEST OF LIGHT.
Crown 8vo, 4s. net.
THE WRONG ENVELOPE,
And other Stories.
By MRS. MOLES WO 11TH.
Crown Svo, 6s.
NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OK 'THE VIRGINIAN."
LADY BALTIMORE.
By OWEN WISTER. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, 6*.
PALL MALI. QAZBTTB.—"lfo. Wister shows himself
in this book the mister of a more subtle power Of delinea-
tion and a more purely literary charm than anything in his
previous work had suggested."
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd., London.
NEW BOOKS.
— ♦ —
In I \.>1. iny.ilHvii, juice 21a. not. Willi numerous
Illustrations, from Photographs taken especially
for tins i,. „ ,k.
P0RFIRI0 DIAZ, Seven Times
President <>f Mexico. By Mrs. ALEC
TWEEDIE, Author of 'Mexiooas I Saw It,"
to.
In 1 vol. demy 4tu, oloth, j_'ilt t ' >t», containing 41 j
Pull-Page Illustrations iu Colour and •l,'> in
Black and White, reproduced from tlie finest
known specimens, juice 21. 2*. net.
THE FIRST CENTURY OF
ENGLISH PORCELAIN, 1744 is~>"- By
AY. MOORE BINNS, Director nf Furnivals,
Limited, and late Art Director of the Royal
Porcelain Works, Worcester.
NEW EDITION. In 1 vol. medium 8vo, contain-
ing all the Text and most of the Illustrations,
price 10a. 6d.
LHASA, By Perceval Landon.
SECOND EDITION. In 1 vol. crown Svo, with
numerous Illustrations, price t>«. net.
SIX YEARS AT THE RUSSIAN
COURT. Personal Experiences. By M.
EAGAR.
In 1 vol. demy Svo, with numerous Illustrations,
price 10*. Qd. net.
ENGLISH FURNITURE AND
FURNITURE MAKERS OF THE
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. By R. S.
CLOUSTON.
HURST & BLACKETT'8
NEW AND POPULAR NOVELS
EACH IN 1 VOL. 6s.
THE GRIP OF FEAR.
By SYDNEY H. BURCHELL,
Author of 'The Mistress of the Robes,' &c.
THE SWEETEST SOLACE.
By JOHN RANDAL,
Author of ' Pacitico,' ' Aunt Retina's Button,' &c.
THE PREY OF THE
STRONGEST.
By MORLEY ROBERTS,
Author of ' Rachel .Man/ &c.
A YOUNG MAN FROM THE
COUNTRY.
By MA DA M E A LBANESI,
Author of ' The Brown Eyes of Mary,' &c.
JIMMY QUIXOTE.
By TOM GALLON,
Author of 'Tatterley,' &c.
THE FLOWER OF FRANCE.
By JUSTIN HUNTLY MCCARTHY,
Author of 'If 1 Were King,' &c.
THE BLACK CUIRASSIER.
By PHILIP STEVENSON,
Author of 'A Gendarme of the King,* &0,
LIST.
— • —
SECOND IMPRESSION NOW READY.
ALEXANDER
HAMILTON.
An Essay on American Union.
Bj P. B. OLIVER
Illustrated with Portrait* Demj -••>, \l*. 6d.
SOME PRESS OPINIONS.
TIMES. -".Mr. Ol It- ha*
written of what Hami -■■ illu^tr.iUr* audi.-.
with great ability, with great enthusiasm and )>ersu:urive-
iii—*. lb- has depicted Hamilton with force and i leamessL
with humour, with rympathy, and charm. Ueh
a big subject in a large and' masterly way. No iwxik baa
red lately which conveys a more raluable lesson or
urn- more tactfully and skilfully unfolded
OUTLOOK.- "Mr. Oliver has revealed for the first time
to the average English reader the significance of aaextav
ordinar) personality and the waning of a ]>eri<.d : he has
thrown reflex light, as he intended, upon the deepest of oas
own jirolilems, and we do not hesitate at all to say that he
has written one of the distinguished books of a decade.
Bince Lord Rosebery's monograph upon Pitt, there has tieea
no equally acute criticism of the j,),.,, ,,f statesmanship and
the psychology of popular government."
NATIONAL REVIEW.—" Mr. Oliver has written :l life
of Alexander Hamilton ... .of which we need only say that
it is worthy of the subject. And besides being
thetic biography of a remarkable character, it is a stimu-
lating and suggestive political study, which should be read
by all Bnjtlishm n interested in construct* ve Imperialism."
DAILY NEWS.— "The author hasa ^omplished his tank
with admirable judgment and entire success. His firible
style lends rigour and reality to the various rharartei
they cross the stage, while his political insight ^ives a per-
manent Value to the work."
DAILY TELEGRAPH— "Hamilton stands out vividly
and certainly as a m in and as a st itesm in. Mr. Oliver has
given proof of a power to brush aside irrelevaaciet
grasp the essentials of a situation which is rare iudeed in
this age of chroniclers."
WESTMINSTER GAZETTE.— "Mr. Olivers beak is;
cerefully studied and admirably written. Ho b
example of this kind of history has appeared for muiy
months."
Mk. Frederic Hvkkison in the TRIBUNE.— "Mr.
Oliver's book does not profess to be a history ora biography,
but 'merely an essay on the character and achieveme
a man who was the chief figure in a series of striking
events.' This is perhaps rather too modesta claim ...As
to a biography of Hamilton, a living portrait of the nun
himself is vigorously drawn in tiie midst of the historical
and political chapters."
PALL MALL GAZETTE.— "Mr. Oliver's essay is a
m sterly performance. "
THE CHURCH IN FRANCE. By J. E. C.
BODLEY, Author of ' France," Crown Svo, 3«. Of. neL
SECOND IMPRESSION IX THE '■■.:■ 3S.
THE LIFE OF ALFRED AINGER. By
EDITH SICHEL, Author of 'Catherine de' Medics.'
with l Photogravure Frontispiece and o H ilf-Toue
Ulustrationa Demy svo, i-n. 8 I. net.
SOME LITERARY ECCENTRICS. By
JOHN" FY VIE. Author of 'Some Famous WoBBSSl of
Wit and Beauty,' Ac. Illustrate. L Demy svo, lit. Oi
net.
THE POETRY AND PHILOSOPHY OF
GEORGE MEREDITH. By GEORGE M. TRE-
V ELYAX. fro vn S • o, is. 6 i. net.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, Higli Holborn, W.C.
POPULAR SIX-SHILUN3 NOVELS.
SET IN AUTHORITY. By Sara Jeanettc
DUNCAN, Author of 'An American Girl fa) London,'
'The Path Of a St ir.'&c.
The OUTLOOK says:— "Mrs. Colas Ins written th9
novel of the year. '
THE HOUSE OF COBWEBS. By George
GISSING. With an Introduction by THOMAS
SECCOMBE
The 1>M1.Y TELEGRAPH, says I "They are beautiful
stories, told with Consummate art. and have a flavour rare
in present-day Action.... It ['The House of Cobwebs'] is
really a masterpiece, which one is glad to rind in the
English language."
THE ARENA. By Harold Spender.
PUNCH says:— "The book before the House is 'The
Arena.' Thoss iu favour of it 'Aye': contrary ' Xo.' The
'Ayes' have it."
ANTHONY BRITTEN. By Herbert
M ACILWAIXE, Author of 'Dinkinbar,' ' Ka'.e the
Fiddler' A-
The MANCHESTER QUA RDIAN says .«— M The book is
something inure than well worth reading; it is a serious
mid artistic contribution to the Imaginative writing of the
day.-
ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE k CO. Ltd.,
16, James Street, Huymarket, Ljndon, S. W.
N°4102, June 9, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
691
SATURDAY, JUNE 9, 1906.
CONTENTS
PAGE
691
692
693
094
The Cambridge Modern History: Napoleon ..
Dr. Westermarck on Moral Ideas
Constantinople Painted and Described ..
Julie de Lespinasse
New Novels (The Flower of France ; What became
of Pam ; Amelia and the Doctor; The Avengers;
A Double Marriage; The Tower; The Grey
Domino ; Igdrasil ; Love — with Variations ; A
Spanish Web) 694—695
Theological Literature 695
Our Library Table (India under Royal Eyes ;
Heresies of Sea Power ; The Statesman's Year-
Book ; Fire and Sword in the Caucasus ; The
Naval Pocket-Book ; Canada: the New Nation ; A
Deathless Story ; A Book of Memory ; Early Lives
of Charlemagne) 697—700
List ok New Books 700
Giles Fletcher's Version of Jeremiah ; State
Trials of Edward I.'s Reign; 'The Open-
Road'; "American Advertising"; 'The
Highlands and Islands of Scotland' .. 701—702
Literary Gossip 702
Science — Medical Books; Anthropological
Notes ; Societies ; Meetings ; Gossip .. 703—705
Fine Arts— Graves's Royal Academy Dictionary;
Moore on Renaissance Architecture ;
English Domestic Architecture; Cathedrals
of England and Wales ; Costume on Brasses ;
Mu. and Mrs. Stanhope Forbes ; Flemish
School at the National Gallery ; Coin Types ;
Greek Coins at Glasgow; Contemporary
German Artists at Knightsbkidge ; Jordaens
at the Marlborough Gallery; Gainsborough
at Colnagiii's ; Sales ; Gossip .. .. 705—710
Music— Our Library Table (Wagner to Mathilde
Wesendonck ; Standard Operas ; Folk-Songs from
Somerset); Gossip ; Performances Next Week
711—712
Drama— Gossip 712
Index to Advertisers . . ; 712
LITERATURE
The Cambridge Modern History. — Vol. IX.
Napoleon. (Cambridge, University
Press.)
From the ninth volume of ' The Cam-
bridge Modern History ' we naturally
expect two things. No other period in
modern history, the editors rightly say,
was so completely dominated by a single
personality as that which we call the Age
of Napoleon. We expect not only a
clear and full account of the achievements
of this dominating genius, but also an
analysis and estimate of the character
and th? fundamental aims of the man.
But the period was an era of great events
as well as the epoch of an overwhelming
personal influence. We expect a history
of what men did on all the European, and
on part at least of the wider, stage of human
affairs. How are our expectations satisfied
in the volume before us ?
In the first place, as to Napoleon him-
self we read the book with a large measure
of satisfaction. If it cannot be said to
add in any appreciable degree to our
knowledge, it presents the facts with
some precision, and analyzes the character
with pat ience and sympathy. The greater,
or at least the more important, part of the
work in this regard is clone by Mr. H. A. L.
Fisher, who is understood to have been
originally designated for the task by Lord
Acton, and who has already published a
book of much merit on the German history
of the Napoleonic experiment . His chapter
on the 'odes is one of the best pieces of
work in the present volume — admirably
dear, well informed, coherent, and in-
structive. Mr. Fisher writes also well
on the French dependencies : sums
up with vigour the career, opinions,
and influence of his hero in a chapter
called ' St. Helena ' ; and in a chapter
entitled ' The First Restoration, 1814-5,'
reaches the highest level of achievement
attained by any of the contributors. We
can hardly praise too highly the twenty
pages in which Mr. Fisher tells of the
days from the entry of the Allies just
before Napoleon's first abdication to the
flight of Louis XVIII. He sees ten-
dencies, sums up events, characterizes
policies and parties, with remarkable skill
and finish. Occasionally he blunders,
or is a little behind recent knowledge ;
but not often. His most serious defect
is in style. His style is a distinctive
one, well marked, personal. He has a
fondness for making a sharp statement,
and then in the next sentence confirming
it, or contradicting it — " this is true,"
" this view in untenable," and the like.
There is a good deal to be said for this
emphatic manner, if it is not overdone ;
but Mr. Fisher must be careful not to
make it a mannerism. His attempts at
epigram and phrase-making cannot receive,
from the judicious at least, much com-
mendation. We are told that " Napoleon's
visit to Northern Italy in 1805 was like
the passing of a hailstorm over a parched
land. Wherever he went he poured out
ideas, schemes, improvements " — some of
the last things, surely, to be suggested by
the simile of a hailstorm. " The confused
effulgence of his contradictory apologies,"
again, is not a phrase which we can read
with anjr pleasure ; nor can we find much
amusement in the statement that the
Queen of Naples " absconded with the
fleet," or in the sneer at the Christianity
of Toussaint l'Ouverture as being " the
unctuous piety of a convert." We should
be glad, too, to know why Mr. Fisher
thinks that Gallicanism was " beloved
by St. Louis," or tells us that the Tsar
Alexander spoke of Providence as " she."
It is worth noting these among what we
can only consider as aberrations when
they come from so clever and learned a
writer, because Mr. Fisher seems almost
the only contributor to this volume who is
allowed anything like expanded treat-
ment, or even generalization ; and he has
not always used his freedom to the best
advantage. But it is his manner, not
his matter, that is at fault. If we find
that the amount of space devoted to legal
history is somewhat disproportionate,
that there is nothing so full as his treat-
ment of the Codes in the rest of the
volume in regard to matters literary, or
artistic, or ecclesiastical, or even purely
military, we see no reason for special
complaint when we remember the excel-
lence and thoroughness of Mr. Fisher's
dealing with his subject.
Mr. Fisher may claim to be a specialist,
and there is much other valuable work
contributed by specialists to this volume.
The new Beit Professor at Oxford gives
B deai' account of the British colonies
and thi' Rev. W. If. Mutton a sharply
compressed summary of the history of
British India the one from 1 TS.'J, the
other from 1785. Dr. T. A. Walker deals.
from the point of view of International
Law, Mr. H. W. Wilson from that of the
naval expert, with the Armed Neutrality ;
while Mr. Wilson also tells the tale of the
British victories at sea from 1803 to 1815
with admirable force and freshness. The
military history, generally, is dealt with
by Major-General August Keim, of the
German army, by Col. Lloyd, and by
Prof. Oman. The chapter on the Penin-
sular War by the last-named is just such
an exact, coherent, and vigorous sketch
as we should expect from his practised
hand ; and the chapter on the Hundred
Days, with its vivid and thrilling account
of Waterloo, is the work of the same
master of lucid arrangement. Something
more than a word of praise is due to Mr.
L. G. Wickham-Legg for his careful and
unprejudiced story of the Concordats :
we could wish that he had been allowed
to deal more fully with the ecclesiastical
history of the time, which is of abundant
interest, and had given us a connected
history of the divorce, which at present
we have to search for in different parts
of the book, and without much satisfac-
tion. Dr. Holland Rose, who has made
a high reputation by his separate Life of
Napoleon, writes, as usual, freely and
well ; and some distinguished foreign
contributors — MM. Pariset of Nancy, Guil-
land of Zurich, Stschepkin of Odessa — add
variety, if they are not always trust-
worthy or complete. Dr. Julius von
Pflugk-Harttung of Basel is responsible
for a really excellent account of the War
of liberation.
Two Cambridge contributors to the
volume are the Master of Peterhouse on
the Congress of Vienna, and Mr. G. P.
Gooch on the history of England and
Ireland. Dr. Ward is so full — he has an
unusual allowance of space — as to be
encumbered by his facts, and Mr. Gooch
has written from the Whig point of view
in his summary of great political develop-
ments, and managed to include a good
deal of literary interest, as well as some
picturesque touches concerning the great
Englishmen of the day. It is inter-
esting to observe that the latter writer
emphasizes the fact that Pitt desired to
meet Irish problems by the creation of a
Legislature free from local prejudices.
We wish he had added, apart from any
political opinions, that Pitt believed that
the only way of making Irish needs and
wishes known in England was by the
addition of Irish members to the House
at Westminster, with rights similar to
those of the English and Scottish members.
If we have dealt with this volume of
' The Cambridge History ' rather in detail
than by general view, it is because that
is the course which the method of the
editors and the style of the contributors
seemed to enforce on us. Again we miss
the scope and freedom of the hest French
historical writing. Again we find con-
fusions and repetitions which might have
been avoided. There are at least two
accounts of the divorce, neither of them
(piite satisfactory : and they are little
better than topsy-turvy as regards chro-
nology. Long though it is, the volume
is yet not complete. We arc not told
09:
TH E ATII KNMUM
N°4102, .Jim: 9, 1006
what bOfUlWC Of Mural or Ney a I l<
with all "in- industry and the help of the
index u>- «an find nothing except the
ttememt that Napoleon*! imprisonment
at St. Helens was a hard fate, but
brighter than an Austrian fortress, and
gentler than the doom of Moral and of
NYy." 'The mention of Mnrat reminds
us that the index is not always helpful.
afl any one may see if he will look out the
referenoes to Biuret's wife and to her pre-
decessor as Queen of Naples. N'o doubt
it is difficull to avoid confusion in such a
hook, hut we cannot help thinking that
something might have been done to con-
nect and elucidate the histories of the
divorce and of Queen Louisa. We are
told that the "German Empire," which
did not begin till 1871, ended in 1806,
and we are given two accounts of
Jerome's marriage. In truth, we some-
times sigh for an editorial despotism
which would have allowed more scope
and discretion to Prof. Oman and Dr.
Holland Rose. The chief aim of the
editors is so closely adhered to that
many great events and great characters
seem to us unduly dwarfed. The Indian
battles secure hardly a fiftieth part of
the attention which is allotted in these
pages to the lesser victories of Napo-
leon, yet who shall estimate their
importance in the history of the world ?
Metternich, Talleyrand, Wellington, play
minor parts.
But we are far from wishing to leave
the volume in too critical a spirit. If
it is not so fresh as the volume on the
United States, or so coherent as that on
the French Revolution, it contains a great
deal of good work by capable writers ;
and if it does not reach Acton's ideal, it
does not fall below that of M. Ernest
Lavisse.
The Origin and Development of the Moral
Ideas. By E. Westermarck. Vol. I.
(Macmillan & Co.)
Dr. Westermarck deserves all honour,
if only as a pioneer. It may roundly be
said that his is the first attempt to deal
with the subject of the evolution of human
morality in the concrete on a scale at all
corresponding to its complexity and sheer
bulk. The author of the ' Synthetic
Philosophy ' might claim priority were
his work more genuinely inductive. As it
is, however, he appears to be but verifying
or exemplifying, by the aid of material
mostly collected by not very intelligent
collaborators, a set of evolutionary prin-
ciples excogitated a priori. Besides
Spencer, there is little or nothing of the
sort in our own literature, save a bril-
liant magazine article of Dr. Tylor, never
republished, and so almost lost to sight ;
the amorphous treatise of Wake ; and a
slight, but highly suggestive essay by
Mr. Sutherland. Nor does the Continent
fill the gap, save on the side where ethics
touches law. This aspect of the matter has
fortunately received attention from Post
in Germany and Dr. Steinmetz in Holland,
whose monographs have become anthro-
pological classics. It is doubtless due,
directly or indirectly, to their influence,
and more especially to that of Dr. Stein-
metz. that the juristic point of view |
predominant with Dr. Westermarck. On
the other hand, despite the strong pre-
occupation of anthropologists with que
(ions of religion, no writer at home or
abroad has hitherto ventured to tackle
the thorny theme of the relation of ethics
to religious belief and practice, notwith-
standing the fact that it is becoming
increasingly plain that primitive man is
primarily and in very essence a religious
being. Hence, if Dr. Westermarck's work
is weaker on this side — for all that he i-
by no means unappreciative of the decisive-
ness of the religious co-efficient in certain
contexts, witness, for instance, his highly
illuminative treatment of the motives of
savage hospitality — this must be put
down, not to want of insight or research,
but simply to want of backing on the part
of contemporary scholarship.
The book as we have it in its uncom-
pleted state falls into two parts of ap-
proximately equal extent. The first is
more or less general and definitive, the
second being particular and descriptive.
Dr. Westermarck realizes that, before
proceeding to study the history of the
moral ideas in detail, it is necessary to
form a precise notion of what is meant
by moral ideas as such, or a mere wild-
goose chase is likely to ensue. So boldly
he essays a task fit to daunt the philo-
sophic expert. He himself, perhaps, would
scarcely lay claim to this title. We
seem to perceive a by-product of the
anthropological method in the copious
extracts from previous moralists that
adorn the argument. To make a " slip "
of an isolated fact is one thing : of
an isolated opinion, another. Again, a
trained philosopher who had reflected on
the logic of the moral sciences, and marked
how it recognizes complementary methods
involving plurality of standpoints, would
have been at pains to make it clear
that his explanations are relative to certain
definite presuppositions. But Dr. Wester-
marck seems to take it for granted that his
is the way, and the only way, of the
science of ethics. Making, therefore, no
allowance for legitimate difference in the
point of view, he plies a utilitarian such
as Henry Sidgwick with criticisms which
that thinker would at once have turned
aside by the aid of his famous distinction
between " origin " and " validity." Even
suppose, however, a few citations in-
apposite, a few strictures irrelevant, it is
but an ounce of dross to a ton of the pure
metal. Dr. Westermarck's outlook is
that of empirical psychology as it inclines
towards naturalism. Such a position, as
our limited methods go, yields the best
means of organizing our knowledge with
regard to the development of morality
at any but its most advanced stages. At
these highest stages the modes of indi-
vidual self-determination come to form
the centre of ethical interest, and we begin
to inquire for the rational grounds of
conduct rather than for its causes. But
in dealing with uncivilized peoples, or
even with civilized mankind in the mass,
a quasi-biologica] t reatment i1- a
appropriate. Our best plan i- to try to
gn "natural causes*' "i something
eery like them. We might Buspect from
his methods that Di . Westermarck would
deal mOSt fully and happily with the
earlier development of the moial id'
and this is what we actually find to be the
The quasi-causative, because relatively
Constant and " fatal." element in morality
on which Di . tYestermarck lays chief -i
is what he Oftlls " emotion."' Moral
judgments with him are in essence
emotional discharges along channel- estab-
lished of old by instinct reinforced by
social custom. Ideas accompany tl
discharges, no doubt, and presumably
condition them to some extent. To what
extent, however, and how. i- left rat
vague. Dr. Westermarck seen regard
the emotion a- in the first instance gene-
rating the ideas as it were out of itself.
This perhaps may pas<. But in course
of time these ideas will tend to combine
with ideas born of quite other emotion-,
and thus, in reacting on the parent feeong,
will bring to bear a mass of alien inline;
capable of modifying it out of all likeness
to its original nature. Dr. Westermarck's
treatment of the moral emotion scarcely
affords a hint of this. Moral feeling with
him is a kind of retributive feeling— a
description, by the way, which covers the
case of indignation far more naturally
than that of approval, " retributive kindly
feeling " being, to say the least of it. a
solecism. In resentment we adopt an
aggressive attitude towards a cause of pain
as an impulsive and more or less uncon-
scious means of getting rid of it.
Primarily, then, we are just angry with it.
and hence "go for it.'" Prevention,
however, is implicated, but secondarily.
Further, reformation will gradually suggest
itself as a mode of prevention.
" Thus the theories both of determent and
of reformation are ultimately offspring of
the same emotion that tirst induced men to
inflict punishment on their fellow treat ures.
It escaped the advocates of these theories
that they themselves were under the influ-
ence of the very principle they fought
against, because they failed to grasp it- tone
import. Rightly understood, resentment is
preventive in its nature, and. when suffi-
ciently deliberate, regards the infliction of
suffering as a means rather than as an end.
It not only gives rise to punishment, hut
readily suggests, as a proper end of punish-
ment, either determent or amendment or
both. Hut. first of all, moral resentment
wants to raise a protest against wrong.
And the immediate aim of punishment
has always been to give expression to the
righteous indignation of the society which
inflicts it."
Consider the question genetically (which
those who theorize about punishment —
for instance, T. H. Green — mostly do not
set forth to do), and the above conclusion
seems just so long as we are speaking of
law. But law is not morality, and every
day lags further behind it. Nor does it
even seem correct to hold that moral
indignation is a kind of highly sublimated
and enlightened protest in the name of
violated law and custom as they ought to be.
N°4102, June 9, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
693
No doubt one way of feeling about the
morally wrong is that it is quasi-criminal.
But that is only one way. We may like-
wise feel that it is quasi-sinful — something
awful and portentous ; or that it is foul
and ugly. The moral feeling is a complex
of emotions. The moral ideas gather at
the confluence of many streams.
Let the appeal be to morality in
the concrete. Under well-chosen heads,
reached by a consideration of the chief
relations that bind the moral subject to
his environment— his relation to society
at large, to himself, to the family, to
animals, to the dead, to supernatural
beings — Dr. Westermarck collects a vast
number of facts concerning the various
human valuations of character and conduct.
But does he in practice succeed in exhibit-
ing these valuations as the outcome of a
single principle— a kind of retributive
feeling ? It can scarcely be admitted
that he even tries to do so ; and the two
parts into which the volume falls thus
display but slight cohesion. The pheno-
mena of blood - revenge themselves — to
take the case which he puts in the fore-
front of his argument — do not bear
witness to an unmitigated impulse to seek
requital. The religious feeling — itself a
complex — lends a colour all its own to
the sense of the wrong done as wrong.
Even suppose, however, certain short-
comings on the side of pure theory, this
book remains an achievement unsurpassed
in its own kind, a perpetual monument
of the courage, the versatility, and the
amazing industry of its author.
Constantinople. Painted by Warwick
Goble. Described by Alexander van
Millingen, D.D. (A. & C. Black.)
In Constantinople Messrs. Black had an
ideal subject for their series of pictured
cities. If not the most beautiful city, it
has the most beautiful situation in Europe,
perhaps in the world ; and in its history
and associations it is second only to Rome.
The unique interests of Athens are distinct
from those of either of the imperial capitals.
Such a subject makes exceptional demands
upon both painter and describer, and it
says much for Mr. Warwick Goble and
Prof, van Millingen that they have risen
to their great occasion. To paint Con-
stantinople it is not enough to be good at
" street-scenes " and genre. Mr. Goble
is admirable in these, as witness his ' Fruit
Market,1 'Shoemaker,' 'Blacksmith's
Shop' 'Flower Market/ 'Gypsies,' 'Street
Beggar,' and many more. The difficulty
is to catch the atmosphere in the landscape,
always evasive in the Bast, and pecu-
liarly apt to lead the pointer into exag-
gerated effects. We do not say that Mr.
Goble always succeeds, but we have
seldom seen views which were more
successful in imparting the subtle secret
of the scenery beloved by every one who
has enjoyed the unspeakable privilege of
ting his eyes on the Bosporus and the
Seven Hills. One has to live at New
Rome to understand her charms. Not
every day does she deign to reveal them
all, yet there are few moments when she
is not divinely lovely in some of her shapes
and colours. One would like to see the
originals of these fine illustrations, for
notwithstanding the marvellous improve-
ments which have been made in colour
printing, by the three-colour process and
otherwise, no printed picture can possibly
reproduce all the delicacy of the original
tones, and there is frequently a shock of
glare that hurts the eye of any one who
has been fascinated by the landscape
itself. Mr. Goble's paintings are doubtless
better than their reproductions, but these
are good enough, and we do not know to
whom they will prove the more delightful
— to the man who by them for the first
time sees Constantinople nearly as it is,
or to the happier man who has seen it and
loves to see it again, though not quite as
he thought he saw it. Especially note-
worthy are the exquisite sketches of
' Seraglio Point from the Stones,' ' The
Golden Horn from Galata,' ' The Sulei-
maniyeh at Sunrise,' ' Galata from the
Aqueduct of Valens,' ' A Wet Day on the
Galata Bridge,' several sketches at Eyoub,
and ' The Golden Horn after Sunset.'
Mr. Goble, however, shuns architectural
drawings as a rule, and his pictures cannot
be said to give an adequate idea of the
famous monuments of Stamboul. St.
Sophia is very imperfectly represented by
three sketches of interior details ; but we
can easily imagine that the superb
general view, whether from the pave-
ment or from the gallery, was too over-
whelming to be attempted.
We confess we were a little curious to
see how Prof, van Millingen would figure
as a popular guide to the city in which
he has lived so long, the city whose history
and antiquities are as the breath of his
life. He is best known as a learned and
authoritative archaeologist, and his ' By-
zantine Constantinople,' published seven
years ago, is the book on the ancient city,
its walls and its sites. The question was
whether he could descend from his anti-
quarian pedestal, unbend, and make him-
self agreeable to that troublesome person
the " general reader." It is a proof of
versatility that he has almost shaken off
his archaeological " dust " — whether " dry"
or not depends upon the intellectual equip-
ment of the reader — and has contrived
to present a sketch of the history and life
of the city suggestive to the imagination,
not too crowded with facts, yet sufficiently
full to embody the impression created by
the pictures — which is his object — and
still to make us ask for more. We cannot
conceive any intelligent person resting
content with the outlines and allusions
skilfully wrought into this interesting
narrative of Byzantine history, and not
being impelled at once to rush to Gibbon,
and Pears, and Bury, and Finlay. or even
to such comparatively flimsy material as
he may find in more ecstatic volumes. The
virtue <>f a book lies more often in sugges-
tion and stimulation than in finality.
Dr. van Millingen does not, indeed,
wholly divest himself of his professorial
robes ; he descants perhaps at too great
length upon his favourite subject of the
walls and sites, but it would have been
less than reasonable to expect the author
of ' Byzantine Constantinople ' to ignore
the results of his archaeological labours.
The historical chapters, on the other hand,
might have been fuller. But the writer's
object was not to retell Byzantine history,
but to pick out such epochs and incidents
as may cast a light upon the growth and
life of the noble city which he tries to
image for us. In this he shows a rare
restraint and judgment. He introduces the
great figures of Byzantine history — Con-
stantius, Pulcheria, Theodosius, Eudocia,
Cyrus the Prefect, Chrysostom, and the
rest — at the right place, and says just
enough about them for his purpose. He
can describe with force such dramatic
scenes as the stupor of Vladimir's envoys
at the worship of St. Sophia, whence came
the salvation of Russia, if salvation it is,
from the danger of becoming a Moham-
medan State ; the fatal sentence of excom-
munication pronounced by the Papal
legates in the same cathedral, which
finally severed the Western from the
Eastern Church ; and the supreme
moment when Mohammed II. entered
the great edifice, which only his followers
have ever since preserved from certain
ruin, and the imam stood up in the
pulpit and proclaimed the confession of
faith of Islam. No other church has
witnessed three such momentous scenes.
Prof, van Millingen appears to us to be
not only accurate, as might be expected,
and enthusiastic when occasion calls, but
also remarkably impartial and under-
standing in his estimates of men and events.
He is just, and even admiring, in his atti-
tude towards Islam, although the form in
which it shows itself at Constantinople is
predominantly the somewhat arid and
unspiritual orthodoxy of the Sunnis. He
has some good remarks about the aristo-
cratic idea which upholds and separates
all Mohammedans. " Every Mohamme-
dan is an aristocrat to his finger-tips."
He has also an understanding mind upon
the metaphysical bias of the Greek Church.
He quotes, indeed, the sarcastic words of
Gregory of Nyssa : —
" The city is full of mechanics and slaves,
who are all of them profound theologians,
and preach in the shops and in the streets.
If you desire a man to change a piece of
money for you, he informs you wherein the
Son differs from the Father ; if you ask the
price of a loaf, you are told by way of reply
that the Son is inferior to the Father ; and
if you inquire whether the bath is ready,
the answer is that the Son was made out of
nothing."
But he realizes clearly that religious
metaphysics and politics have always
been closely connected in the Fast, and
that it was national antipathies, and not
the Filioque, that divided the Churches.
He makes his readers conscious through-
out of the essentially Greek spirit which,
despite t ho Western influences coming
from Venetian and other sources, domi-
nated all that was thought and done at
I lonstantinople : —
" It is tin- Greek spirit, not the Koman.
that appears in the theological speculation
69 1
tii E a rr ii k\m;i\m
N 4102, .Ii he 9, 1000
of tin- Eastern Church, in the (stress laid on
correal thinking, ami the philosophical
development ol Christian dogma. Mter
making everj allowance for the \nst differ-
ence between the splendid genius of Ancient
Greece and the mental life that flourished
in Nrw Rome, it dues not seem too much
to siiv thai the old intellectual temperament
of Hellas survived and prevailed in the capital
of the Bast. There was undoubtedly, at
all times, enough and to Bpare of ignorance,
superstition, and narrow-mindedness at
Constantinople, but no period in the history
of the Byzantine world quite corresponds
to the Dark Ages in Western Europe. As
in the Parthenon <>n the Acropolis of the
city with the violet crown, so, under the
dome Of St. Sophia, beside the blue waters
of the Bosporus, men agreed that the highest
attribute of the Divine, anil the ideal of
human attainment, is Wisdom."
It will be inferred, and rightly inferred,
that Prof, van Millingen's Constantinople
is not Stamboul. He is ever thinking of
the Byzantine city, not the Ottoman.
Hence there is an obvious gap both in his
historical sketch and in his topographical
descriptions. He prefers the centuries
when the walls of New Rome wrere a
bulwark against the " barbarians " to
those when a race of barbarians seated
themselves on the throne of the Basils.
No doubt he is right ; yet there is much
that is interesting in Turkish history, and
beautiful even in Turkish mosques, and
it is a pity that this part of the subject
should not have been treated with more
sympathy. His account of the modern
inhabitants is, however, both sympathetic
and life-like, besides being decidedly
readable.
Julie de Lespinasse. Par le Marquis de
Segur. (Paris, Calmann-Levy.)
The admirers of Mile, de Lespinasse must
rejoice that this fascinating woman should
have won the affection of a biographer so
able as M. de Segur. He has brought to
his task all the charm of style, the sym-
pathetic insight, the patient industry and
keen research which distinguished his
admirable work upon Madame Geoffrin,
' Le Royaume de la Rue St. Honore.'
He has discovered many new sources of
information, chief among which are the
original autographs of the famous love
letters, containing numerous passages
excised by Guibert's widow, as bearing
too hardly on her husband's reputation ;
a large number of his replies, suppressed
for the same reason ; the correspondence
of Mile, de Lespinasse with Abel de Vichy,
the eldest and best beloved of her pupils
at Champrond ; and several documents
relating to the Marquis de Mora and his
family.
Owing to these discoveries, M. de Segur
has succeeded in clearing up the mystery,
hitherto regarded as insoluble, which, on
one side, has hung over the origin of Julie
de Lespinasse. In his opinion, her father
was that very Gaspard de Vichy who,
when she was seven years old, married
her elder and legitimate half-sister, and,
fearing the diminution of his wife's portion,
insisted that his hapless daughter should
lie left almost unpr<i\ided for by her
mother's will. Well might Julie irrite
long alter to her friend Condorcet, "1
ha\e had nothing but the most atroci
treatment from the wry people who owed
me most consideration !
Not less important is the complete
refutation now furnished of the ealumnics
to which former biographers, in mere
joi( (h en in-, gave currency conoerning a
woman who was, by her own contempo-
raries, regarded with a most unusual
degree of respect. The author has con-
clusively demonstrated what the reviewer
has always believed, that .Mora was
nothing else than her promised husband,
and D'Alembert never more than her
friend. The calamitous passion which
ruined her life admits, unhappily, of
neither explanation ; but even here M.
de Segur does much to palliate her con-
duct by showing that Guibert throughout
played the part of tempter, and that it
was entirely owing to her, and against
his will, that their former relation was
never renewed after his marriage. This
famous lady-killer appears, indeed, under
a sorrier aspect than ever ; for the purely
personal magnetism which fascinated all
the women of Paris, including even his
gentle young wife, has not come down to
us across the intervening years to plead
in his behalf. It would be unjust, how-
ever, to deny him the merit of a reforming
instinct, and a manly independence in
attacking public abuses, as shown in his
once celebrated ' Essai general de Tactique.'
His rival Mora, on the other hand, stands
out more plainly than before as a rare and
elect nature, less on account of the hyper-
bolical laudations of the Encyclopaedic
party, whose swans proved sometimes to
be birds of a humbler plumage, than
through the spirit of generous chivalry
which, against all the traditions of his age
and class, and the violent opposition of
his family, kept him for six years faithful
to his project of marriage with a woman
much older than himself, disfigured by
smallpox, and endowed with neither
birth nor fortune.
Most interesting, perhaps, of the docu-
ments for the first time put in evidence
are the letters of Mile, de Lespinasse to
her pupil and half-brother Abel de Vichy,
which throw a pleasing light upon the
domestic side of her character, her strong
capacity for family affection, her love for
children, and her shrewd common sense
in the affairs of everyday life. To this
honest and good-hearted, but rather
commonplace correspondent she writes.
not of the thousand literary and social
interests which play a large part in the
letters to Condorcet and Guibert, but of
dogs for himself and chiffons for his wife ;
and we are especially edified by the readi-
ness with which " samr Lespinasse," of
the Encyclopaedic Church, undertakes to
procure, if required, a satisfactory clerical
tutor for the sons of her orthodox brother.
The frontispiece is a reproduction of the
only authentic portrait existing of Mile.
de Lespinasse taken from one of the Car-
montelles preserved in the Musee Conde at
Chantilly. It represents her as she was
in youth, when her expressive and intelli-
gent face, though never regularly pretty,
might still faith be called chaiming.
NEW NOVELS.
Thu Flowet of France. By Justin Huntly
McCarthy. (Hunt A Blackest.)
Tin; career of .Joan of Arc has often
attracted the attention of the no'.eh^t.
We can call to mind several romances
of recent years in which the figure of the
.Maid of Domremy has been offered for
transfiguration. Mr. Lang wrote one,
and Mark Twain another— oddly different
minds attracted by the same theme.
Despite the dispassionate sceptics, the
world will go on crediting the miracles of
the Domremy tradition until the end of
time ; and Joan, whom a bishop of the
Church condemned as an outcast, is to-day
a fair subject for canonization. Mr.
McCarthy is the latest to adapt the familiar
story, and he manages to squeeze the full
romantic value out of it. He chooses his
villain well, and he has handled his hero
with judgment and skill. Lahire he
makes the faithful adherent of the Maid,
and the romance concludes with his death.
Mr. McCarthy has been uncommonly
successful in reproducing the life of that
distant century, and in reading we do not
feel that the people are merely figures
" taken out of stock." To realize medieval-
ism is difficult, and he is to be congratulated
on his attempt, Perhaps, however, it
wrould have been wiser if he had used his
romantic talent on a subject less trite.
What became of Pam. By Baroness von
Hutten. (Heinemann.)
' What became of Pam ' is a proof of
the author's faith in the public and the
public's confidence in the author. The
book, a sequel, is dedicated " To those
who understood and liked Pam, and have
asked what happened to her." The day
of hurried book-making and hurried
reading is trying to memory, but readers
of ' Pam,' which appeared in the autumn
of 1904, probably recollect more or less
dimly something of her story and person-
ality. Her new adventures show her at
the' age of twenty-seven, with her old
nurse, in cheap lodgings, making a liveli-
hood by writing. The story ends happily
for the heroine. A certain rather way-
ward independence of thought and original
view of life and character arc still to be
noted. Though there is more of con-
ventional treatment, there is in places
the difference — not a small one — between
things and people seen at first instead of at
second hand. But the edge of observation
seems less keen, the vitality of the picture
not so high either in the heroine herself
or in the surrounding figures. The fresh
people introduced arc not in themselves
very interesting as types, nor are they
essential to the incident and action or to
the development of Pam the woman.
N°4102, June 9, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
695
Amelia and the Doctor. By Horace G.
Hutchinson. (Smith, Elder & Co.)
Mr. Horace Hutchinson has often shown
that he has an agreeable literary style,
and this simple tale of a West-Country
village confirms the fact. The inhabitants
of Barton — the warm-hearted doctor with
his rough veneer of cynicism, the good
old maid who in her innocence goes far
to roughen him, the kindly, blundering
vicar, the gallant and hardly-tried veteran,
the " polished piece of ungodliness " at
the Castle, Vera's other grandfather —
are drawn, one would think, from life.
Most of them are old-fashioned types,
but not the less interesting in a quiet
way, and true, we think, to nature. The
weak part of the story is, we think,
the conception that the peer's son
should have seduced the colonel's
daughter, or that all parties should have
accepted the disgraceful theory without
serious examination. The eventual vindica-
tion of the poor lady and the wedding
chimes which ring out the piece follow the
way of accepted precedent.
The Avengers. By Headon Hill. (Ward,
Lock & Co.)
' The Avengers ' just falls short of
honourable mention in the category of
the " detective " story. Immaturity
marks the treatment of an idea which
promises well. A man engaged to marry
a lady of great wealth has been placed
by his friends in a private lunatic asylum.
The lady, after much search, mainly
directed from a window in the Strand,
finds his physical double in an ex-cavalry
officer whose impecunious condition mate-
rially assists her plans. It is arranged
that he shall effect the release of her lover
by temporarily taking his place in confine-
ment. But things go wrong : the double
falls in love with the heiress, fails to bring
the affianced couple together, and eventu-
ally, personating the lunatic, marries her
himself, succeeding with the incidental
millions to a feud contracted in the States
— and its avengers.
A Double Marriage. By Lucas Cleeve.
(Fisher Unwin.)
Surely it is an essential condition of a
novel that its plot should be credible ; or
at least that it should afford the reader
the possibility of " making believe " that
it is credible, as is the case with several
of the ingenious stories written by F.
Anstey and Mr. Wells. But in the present
volume Lucas Cleeve makes demands
upon the credulity of her readers which
are fatal to the credibility of the story.
They are told that a man who had been
married to a young wife nearly a year
deserted her because she tired him.
Twelve years later, having changed his
name and grown a beard, lie meets her
—she too having adopted a new name —
and the two do not recognize one another'.
They fall in love, and are married for the
second time, after which the man confesses
that he has a deserted wife still living.
Naturally this confession troubles the
new wife, but, after passing through painful
mental struggles, the pair suddenly happen
to recollect that they had met before as
man and wife, and the story ends with
the unmerited happiness of the two un-
deserving people. Had this plot been
credible the author might have made
something of it. The hero of the story
is as grossly improbable as the plot. He
is the sort of melodramatic person who is
never seen, except through feminine
spectacles ; and the heroine, who is
intended to attract the sympathy and
admiration of the reader, exasperates
him by her blind devotion to the cad who
deserted her.
The Tower. By Mary Tappan Wright.
(New York, Scribner's Sons.)
The author has evidently taken great
pains with this book. Her characters
are numerous and fairly well individualized.
She writes good English, and seldom uses
an Americanism. Indeed, the whole tone
is decidedly English, and were it not for
the occasional mention of New York, or
some other well-known American town,
the reader might mistake the book for an
English novel, with its scene laid in an
English provincial town. There is obvious
merit in ' The Tower,' but its plot is
extremely slight, and lacks movement
and interest. The author takes nearly
a hundred thousand words to tell us that
a college professor loved one woman and,
without any very evident reason, married
another. That is virtually the whole
story, and it fails to hold the interest of
the reader, in spite of Mrs. Wright's
excellent workmanship.
The Grey Domino. By Mrs. P. C. de
Crespigny. (Eveleigh Nash.)
' The Grey Domino ' is an eminently
readable book, not of great worth or merit,
but pleasantly conceived, and written
with facility. The first part has a capital
denouement, where the young wife, a high-
spirited and sensitive girl, discovers her
husband, whom she is seeking in Paris,
to be the king's fool. The second part is
mainly concerned with the estrangement
following on this discovery and the equally
necessary reconciliation, which, however,
is rather obviously the work of the author
and a lucky coincidence. Many novels
are less slight in plot and construction than
this, but many also are less readable.
Igdrasil. By Winefride Trafford-Taunton.
(Grant Richards.)
A want of lucidity is the chief defect of
tins story, which is dedicated " to the
souls in Purgatory." It is a strange
mixture of mysticism and realism. An
Italian duchess, who. dying in an English
convent, believes that she will return to
her old lover, an English nobleman, in a
new form ; Dea Zavienska, who, coming
to London from Austria, is employed m
a milliner's showroom when Lord A\alon
begins to realize that she has inherited
the Duchess's soul ; a cardinal, who,
notwithstanding his advanced views, rises
to the chair of Peter ; a prosperous, ill-
living Jew, who, devoting his better
instincts to the Zionist movement, dreams
of becoming Dictator of Jerusalem ; and
a captain in the Salvation Army, who is
the daughter of an earl — these are the
principal characters in this puzzling story.
It is not wholly destitute of merit. There
are passages that prove that the author
has powers of observation and expression
that might be much better employed
than they are here. The book, regarded
as a whole, is too extravagant in idea and
style to be interesting or pleasing.
Love— with Variations. By Alice M.
Diehl. (John Long.)
The strong but unpleasant story may
interest while it repels ; the weak, well-
meaning story may find us charitable,
though impatient ; but the combination
of the weak with the unpleasant is not
easily forgiven. The writer in this instance
founds a highly improbable plot on the
supposition that a famous London surgeon
is prepared, when it suits himself or his
clients, to make away with undesirable
and inconvenient child-life by the chloro-
formed blanket. We believe this to be
an utter libel, and only mention the sup-
position to show the depths which a
morbid imagination may reach. The
love in the story is of an insipid and
commonplace type.
A Spanish Web. By Reginald St. Barbe.
(Skeffington & Son.)
The plot of this tale is so simple as to
make the title inappropriate, for the reader
divines the solution before he finishes the
second chapter. Most of Mr. St. Barbe's
personages are the conventional Spaniards
of fiction : the heroine at once passionate
and indolent, the libidinous priest, the
chivalrous scapegoat, the superstitious
country beauty, and the dull-witted
avenging lover. These characters, and
others like them, never were, and never
could be, in such a world as ours : but the
wine-seller Pedro Porro and the venal
Don Vicente are not ill-observed, and the
description of the landscape about Malaga
is sufficiently accurate. Moreover, the
Spanish words with which the text is
plentifully garnished are given with toler-
able correctness. " Capricioso " (p. L57)
is probably an oversight. However, the
book is not so much a novel as a tract
against sacerdotalism and celibacy, and,
like most tracts, it is dull.
THEOLOGICAL LITERATURE.
The History of Early Christian Literature :
th<- Writings of the New Testament. By
Baron Hermann von Soden, D.D. Translated
by the Rev. .1. H. Wilkinson. Edited by
tin- Hev. W. D. Morrison. (Williams A
Norgate.) — The title of this hook is not an
exact, rendering of the German, bu! the
translator may be excused, as it is not easy
to convey the precise meaning in few words.
69<i
T II E ATI! KN7KUM
N*4102,
Jim. !», 1906
l frchriatliche Lit< meana
the historj of the literature, <>r original
ht< rai\ documents, trora which our knon
[edge of tli«' earliest Btages of Christianity
i derived. The addition made within par< a
theses by FVeiherr von Boden himself, *' the
Writings of the Nevi Testament," limits the
main title oorrectly : bu1 even tliis title is
too wide. What Vim Boden intended to do
was tn discuss all the documents whioh
l»-ar upon the origin of Christianity. Il<'
takes 1 1 ] > tirst tlic Epistles of St. Paul, or the
portions of them which he considers genuine
as being the earliest. Then he expounds
the nature of the tw<> writings which, he
maintains, formed the bs Is A th ■ Synoptic
Gospels St. Matthew's collection of the
sayings Of Christ, and St. .Mark's narratives,
derived principally from St. Peter ; and he
endeavours to determine what is the relation
of the three Gospels to these writings. He
finds tin- next phase of Christianity in the
post-Pauline literature, including the Acts
of the Apostles, tin' Epistle to the Hebrews,
the First Epistle of St. Peter, the Epistle to
the Ephesians, and the Pastoral Epistles.
And he ends with a discussion of the Johan-
nine literature. He dismisses as too late
and not pertinent to his subject the Epistles
of St. James and St. Jude and the Second
Epistle of St. Peter.
Von Soden's plan of treatment is to
explain what he believes to be the purpose
and teaching of each book, and to point
out how these agree \\ ith the particular
stage of Christianity to which he assigns
the book. His work is the result of a thorough
study of the books of the New Testament
and an endeavour to enter into the very
spirit of the writers. It will prove beneficial
to any one who undertakes its study in
earnest, but justice can be done to it only
by a continual reference to the passages of
the New Testament which Von Soden
examines. Many of the opinions which he
advocates are based on what we may call
subjective impressions, and therefore they
do not create the feeling of certainty ; but
Von Soden would allow this, and affirm that
they attain a high degree of probability.
Aon Soden has evidently been strongly
influenced by the Tubingen school. He
sees in early Christianity the same lines of
evolution as are recognized by that school,
ending in the union of the different tendencies
in the Catholic Church. But his tone is
very different from that of the Tubin-
gen leaders — from that, for instance, of
Schwegler's ' Nachapostolisches Zeitalter.'
Von Soden has the greatest enthusiasm for
the writers of the New Testament, and has
a heartfelt sympathy with them. Thus he
says of the letters of St. Paul : —
" No, indeed ! in these letters we possess an
imperishable memorial of one of the grandest
spirits of humanity, of one who fulfilled in many
respects the ideal of a noble Christian character."
It is to be regretted that a short biography
of Von Soden has not been prefixed to the
volume, for it would have been a strong
recommendation of it. And, indeed, some
of his opinions are unintelligible if no
exposition is supplied of Tubingen thought.
Thus we doubt whether an ordinary reader
will understand what Von Soden means
when he says of the Epistle to the Ephesians,
which ho does not regard as genuine : " The
Catholic Church has learnt and borrowed
more from this epistle than from all the
writings of St. Paul taken together."
The translation is vigorous and good, but
some accident must havo happened to the
correction of the press. Thus on p. 14 it is
said : " Finally, it was a favourite practice
of rhetoricians and sophists to foster speeches
■or letters upon great men." " Foster " here
is sheer non en ■ -. and we cannot he far
wrong ill suspecting that the MS. had fulln r.
Still more curious is the mistake which
OCCUra in the following sentence ; ' The
repining sun of summer shines upon the scene
l>\ Jacob's Well." The mistake is explained
when we turn up the original. The German
WOrdj are : " Cber der S/.ene am Jacobs-
bruiiiien liegt die das Oetnidt reifendt
Sommermittagssonne." There are several
such mistakes. The book re<pui ion.
Tfu Christian Doctriru of Salvation. By
George barker Stevens. "International
Theological Library." (Edinburgh, T. & T.
Clark.) — This book is divided into three
parts. The first deals with the Prophetic,
Pauline, Johannine, and other doctrines,
under a general heading of 'The Biblical
Basis of the Doctrine.' In the second part,
'The Principal Forms of the Doctrine/
definite theories — such as the commercial
theory of Ansehn and the yovernmental theory
of Grotius — are considered. 'The Con-
structive Development of the Doctrine " is
the subject of the third part. Prof. Stevens's
work is a notable addition to our modern
theological literature. It is marked by
lucidity in its historical presentations and
acuteness in its criticisms ; and there is
evidence of the author's acquaintance with
recent books on his subject. It may be
wrong to say that this volume illustrates
the trend of theological thought of the present
day ; but, at any rate, it shows how far one
competent scholar and reverent thinker is
removed from the orthodoxy which seemed
impregnable till recent times. " Religion,"
he says, "is the union of man with God, the
Godlike life, the Christian character — which
is salvation " ; and in this definition there
is no suggestion of belief, as an element of
religion, in this or that dogma. In the chapter
on ' The Necessity of Christ's Death ' Prof.
Stevens's mind is very clearly revealed.
Death for Jesus, we are told, " stood in no
contrast to life ; it was the completion of
life." " He influenced men," it is declared,
" because he revealed and interpreted God
to them ; his whole meaning lies in this
mediation." Without hesitation it is asserted
that " there is not a trace in his words of
the idea that he was to die to appease the
wrath of God " ; and, further, " his work
would not have been a failure if he had died
a painless or accidental death." The ordinary
religious man, accustomed to hear that the
death of Christ stands in direct and specific
relation to salvation, might be startled, were
he to read that
"if divine Providence had found it ' possible ' to
giant his prayer and to have let the ' cup pass from
him,' his saving work of holy love would not have
failed, though it would have lacked the highest
illustration and attestation of which we can con-
ceive."
In interpreting the mind of Jesus in regard
to His death Prof. Stevens holds that, as
He knew His plan and aim to be in accordance
with the Divine will, He could not be spared
the experience of death. " His self-giving,"
he says, " must involve it, since it was to be
an unreserved self-giving. His obedience to
the Father's will must be an obedience even
unto death." It may be noted that these
words point to the conclusion that the death
of Jesus stood to His life in precisely the
relation which the death of any man con-
secrated to the will of God bears to his life.
Many there be that will deny the conclusion,
but it is Prof. Stevens's. His position can
bo further determined from another of his
conclusions — that the word " atonement "
represents a process, and not merely a single
event, and that it designates a continuous
action of God in relation to sin and salvation.
The book contains a multitude of statements
which will exciU oppo ition in many quail
and which will therefore show how far the
writer baa passed from th< beaten trash
orthodox] . Tl. many
things in t be book
of recognized th< • .-. hich will command
the ; all w ho read i' . The HUtl
'-t n ones -. ii mi. -i be adm I not
wholly confined to theological interpretation.
Very ingenious is the idea, to take
example, that Anselm - th'-oi
" a feudal theory an interpretation UiM-d on the
ideas ni mi (literal cbivalrj . Bin
an offence againsl th<
sign, and ioi i hii i eaaon nothii
reparal ion can fy for it.''
Outlines of Christian Apologetics for Use
in Lectures. By Hermann Schultz. Trans-
lated by Alfred Bull Nichols. (Maemillan
tv Co.) Remarkable changes in the subject-
matter and the methods of presenting
of apologetics have taken place Since Chris-
tianity began to be defended in the da\
the earl}- Church, and the history of these
changes forms an interesting chapter in the
movement of religious thought. There is,
of course, no longer a hostile Roman empire
to be pacified, and no longer, in justification
of Christianity, an appeal to the fives of
Christians ; but there is now needed a plea
for religion itself, and a proof of Cliristianity
as the perfect religion is demanded. A book
such as that before us shows the problems
of religion which are exercising the thought
of the present day, and shows, too, what
attempts may be made to solve them. Herr
Schultz deals with a number of these pro-
blems which are of supreme interest to the
student of religion, and, if a distinction be
made, to the religious man. In a defence
of the religious view of the world he discusses
the nature of religion, and examines the
postulates and reasonableness of the religious
view. Under the heading of ' Philosophy
of Religion : Religion in its Historical Pheno-
mena,' he discourses on nature, culture, and
prophet religions, and passes to a defence
of Christianity, treating of Jesus in history
and Christianity as faith in Jesus. The
book does not profess to be more than a
sketch or outline ; but, short though it is,
it is worthy of high praise for the reasoned
attempt to state and answer certain of the
problems of religion. Religion itself is de-
fined as " consciousness of God roused by
impressions of God on the reasoning person-
ality " ; and faith is said to be " religious
conviction, i.e. the conviction, based on reli-
gious experience, of the divine significance
of things for us " ; it is different from
knowledge, which '' is the conviction, based
on the experience of the senses and the laws
of thought, of the reality and unity of
things." Another statement may be quoted
to illustrate the suggestive ideas scattered
throughout the book. " He only is devout."
it is said, " in the Christian sense, who lets
himself be determined in bis personal life
by the historical revelation of God which
he finds in Jesus." While many of the
definitions and statements are suggestive
and interesting, there are others which are
not easily understood, ^"e are told, for
example, that "faith sees in the world, not
a mechanism in which dead laws reign, but
the continuous revelation of God's will for
the weal of the Church and its members."
The idea of the reign of dead laws is, to -ay
the least of it, not scientific, and even lies
beyond the horizon of t*he ordinary imagina-
tion ; while the notion of the world being
the scene of a revelation of God's will for
the weal of the Church is -ingularly out of
harmony with Christ'.- teaching that God
" maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on
the good, and sendeth rain on the just and
N°4102, June 9, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
697
on the unjust." The problem of miracles
is not neglected by Herr Schultz. He points
out that the Christian apologist will believe
the revelation of God in Jesus to be miracu-
lous, and that it will be a satisfaction to him
to make clear to himself the relation of the
religious faith in miracles to the scientific
view of the world; but, we may ask, Is there
not a suggestion of failure or of the task of
the apologist unfinished in the statement :
" Nor will his scientific conviction of the
reign of law be shaken if he has to leave a
part of the facts unexplained " ? The sub-
ject-matter of Herr Schultz's book is in a
sense holy ground, on which, however, critics
do not fear to tread. He meets many of
these critics in contest ; and he himself,
by reason of his vigorous thought, though
not by an aggressive style, is sure to suffer
attack.
The Religion of All Good Men, and other
Studies in Christian Ethics. By H. W.
Garrod. (Constable & Co.) — The essay
which gives the title is not the first in this
volume, and it has not the importance of
being the longest. ' Christ the Forerunner,'
with which the book begins, does not suggest
a study in Christian ethics ; but its thesis,
that Christ was the forerunner of the
Messiah, and that He expected an imme-
diate end of all things, leads to an examina-
tion of His ethical teaching. Mr. Garrod
asks the question, " Does Christ, in employ-
ing this phrase ' Son of Man,' apply it to
himself ? " and, by way of reply, says :
" I am fully convinced that he never does
so ; and that the idea that he did so came
into being only after his death." Examination
of the use made by Jesus of the words 6 mo?
tov av&pMirov is not a novelty. Wellhausen
argued that as Jesus spoke Aramaic He
would use the word barnasha, which means
simply a man, while, by its use He could not
have asserted any Messianic claim. Lietz-
mann, Dalman, Schmiedel, and others have
taken part in the discussion ; and Prof.
Bousset, holding the title Son of Man to be
Messianic, says that Jesus adopted it, and
that the return in glory was the only meaning
it had for Him. There can be no objection
to Mr. Garrod's entering the discussion with
the suggestion that Jesus did not call Him-
self the Son of Man ; and the suggestion
does not demand censure merely because of
its novelty. Arguments in its favour must
be weighed, and interpretations examined.
An example of Mr. Garrod's exegesis may be
supplied. When Jesus spoke of the betrayal
of the Son of Man, He meant, we are told,
the betrayal of His cause. Mr. Garrod,
dealing with another reference to the
betrayal, says : —
"I understand the words ' Son of Man' to have
been used by Christ as equivalent to ' the cause of
the Son of Man.' Such a manner of Bpeeob would
ho just as natural as many which we employ in
common parlance to-day."
A principle of Mr. Garrod's exegesis is his
own thinking, his own understanding. An
example of his arguments may also be given.
After the Transfiguration the disciples,
according to the narrative in St. Mark,
asked why the Scrihes said that Elias must
first come. Mr. Garrod proceeds to say : —
"Why has the companion prophet, Enoch,
Jeremiah, Isaiah, or Ehsha, dropped out J The
answer is clear. Christ himself was this cm
panion prophet at that time; only later was he
tip- .Messias."
This argument could not have appealed to
the writer of the narrative, since in that
narrative Jesus is not the companion prophet,
but is distinguished from .Moses and Elias,
for whom, with Jesus, the disciples propo • d
to make three tabernacles. Vet Mr. Garrod,
in reference to certain other words in St. '
Mark, says that by them " he is most natu-
rally to be understood to identify himself
and Elias."
The object of trying to prove that Jesus
was the forerunner of the Messiah is to account
for certain ethical maxims of Jesu^ which
seem to imply that the end of all things was
at hand. For this purpose, however, Mr.
Garrod does not require his thesis to be
established. He could have taken the theory,
for which certain proofs could have been
obtained from the Gospels, that Christ
believed in His own immediate return, and
he could have argued that Christ's ethical
teaching was affected by this belief. Mr.
Garrod's conception of Christ's ethical
teaching, many will affirm, is fundamentally
wrong. " The message of Christ," he says,
" to every man is that he shall lose his life. He is
not only to give up some things, but he is — literally
and not in a metaphor — to give up all, all that
makes life what it is and worth living."
Mr. Garrod may be advised to look at the
Christian antithesis " Die to live," and to
consider such words as these, from the
' Evolution of Religion,' by the present
Master of Balliol : " The Christian surrender
of life and of all its immediate interests to
God is not the emptying, but the filling of it
with deeper and wider interests."
Throughout the book Mr. Garrod repre-
sents Christianity as a religion to which
some men cling, and from which others have
departed who need or are seeking another
religion. Those who cling to it will hardly
take him as a just interpreter of its "essential
character. In the essay styled ' The Religion
of All Good Men ' are these words, written
after Christianity has endured for nineteen
hundred years : —
"And I here merely repeat that an ethical
system, framed for a world momentarily about to
perish, cannot have validity for all time, and can
have for us to-day but a very partial validity."
The Century Bible. — Isaiah i.-xxxix.
Edited by the Rev. Owen C. Whitehouse,
D.D. (T. C. & E. C. Jack.)— Dr. White-
house's little volume of 38 1 pages is a scholarly
and useful piece of work, but perhaps too
scholarly for a series with so popular a title
as " The Century Bible." The names of
modern scholars are frequently cited ; the
Peshitta and the Targum are quoted ; and
even references to Hebrew and Arabic
grammars appear. Such a note as the
following (on xxvii. 4) should surely be
differently put in a work intended to be
widely read : —
"LXX. followed by Peshitto read the Hebrew
for 'fury' (or 'wrath') as another word with
different vowels rendered 'wall,' which Gratz-
Bredenkamp would adopt, but no satisfactory sense
is thereby obtained."
There are similar notes. The book would
prove helpful almost everywhere to the
student who was reading the Hebrew7 text
for the first time ; but the English reader
who desires to get full benefit from it must
know how to skip wisely. Dr. Whitehouse
uses the Revised Version as the basis of his
comments, and indicates at the top of each
page his views of the authorship of each
chapter. He is careful and reasonable in
his literary criticism, and the whole book,
if not sufficiently " popular," is very good.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
India under Royal Eyes, by Mr. Prevost
Battersby (George Allen), is the third of the
books by the correspondents who went with
the Prince Of Wales. hike its predecessors,
it runs counter to the ordinary and expected
optimism. Mr. Battersby, like Mr. Low,
takes note of the empty detachment of Anglo
Indian modern official life, and thinks for
himself instead of accepting guidance. His
judgment is the same : " We are becoming
more and more foreign to India, our isola-
tion as a ruling race is growing with every
decade more complete."
Our author forms a high opinion of the
capacity and fitness for administrative office
even of the Rajputs, and writes of Bikanir,
the desert city, famous for its camels : —
" business instinct and the power of rule maybe
sought outside the white core of India. The time
may come, ere long, when we may have to use it,
or rather, for indeed we use it alread}', to a scale
and on a system we have not contemplated
hitherto."
The charm of this volume lies in the illus-
trations from the author's photographs, and
in his appreciation of the beauties of Indian
art. Mr. Battersby's weak point, as we
think it, is to be found in a tendency to
make of Lord Kitchener his Indian god.
His attack upon Lord Curzon for needlessly
wounding the feelings of " the intellectual
part of India " lias our sympathy ; but we
cannot go with him in wholesale adoption
of the " reforms " of the Commander-in-
Chief in India. Mr. Battersby is a compe-
tent authority on military matters, and has
written well on cavalry. A chapter in the
present volume upon the Indian native
cavalry is excellent, and we are glad to
learn that Lord Kitchener has not inter-
fered so greatly with cavalry recruiting as
was reported. Mr. Battersby begs the main
question in Lord Kitchener's favour when
he begins a chapter on ' The New Army ' (!)
by asking whether India " shall be given
adequate protection." It was the opinion
of the Government of India, before Lord
Kitchener became their Commander-in-
Chief, that India had already adequate
protection, at a cost of between 17,000,000?.
and 18,000,000/. sterling a year, which they
thought too high. Lord Kitchener induced
the Viceroy in Council to agree to raise the
charge to 21,000,000/. fixed for several years,
and it is as a fact 22,000,000/. Mr. Battersby
again begs the question when he writes that
" the defence of India from invasion by a
Great Power " was " absurdly inadequate " ;
and he severely blames those who postponed
the " solution " of the problem. There is no
reason to believe that the invasion of India
by a Great Power is probable, or could be
otherwise than a most hazardous adventure.
That such an invasion could only be at-
tempted after Russia had brought her rail-
ways across a conquered Afghanistan is
officially and universally admitted. The
rearmament of the Indian army could have
been carried out by any Commander-in-( 'hief.
The increase and improvement of transport
have been continuous since Sir W. Nichol-
son's mobilization inquiry, and the 1 Join its
reforms which followed. Mr. Battersby's
proof of the sudden salvation of India by
his Heaven-sent general lies in the proposal
to "redistribute" the scattered army— or,
in other words, to put most of it Ln hateful
desert stations in Baluchistan and Waziristan.
Happily, "the determination of the best
sites for the new barracks has been hedged
about with difficulties." The insane pro-
posal to create immense stations at Mastung
(when- the Mekran Corps of Brahuis is raised
by the Baluch Agency) and in the Kurram
has been vetoed. The Prussian army,
which might have to move on the Moselle
at a day's notice, is "scattered." The
French army, in similar case is also "scat-
tered." I f Lord Kitchener intends to defend
Herat with a British regular force, he should
say so. If not. a peace disposition of the
troops in the best, climates and on the rail-
ways is the wi-est course. At Mastunu t here
698
THE ATI! KN KIWI
N U02, Juhe 0, 1906
i no water, and in the kiniaiii tin- men
would be -hot Ht everj time they went
fori walk. Peehawur, which is now Lord
Kitchener's favourite, is unhealthy. To the
proposod hutch-- <>l tin- white force at
Ouctta tin if i- Ii — objection. '1'lic invalid
iii_> from pneumonia can be prevented b\
precautions, and the Pishin valley afl
good ground for manosuvrt i.
Messbs. Lonomam publish Heresies of
Sea Power, bj Mr. I'. T. .lane, a bonk which
is interesting, but does oot exactly corre-
spond tn the promise of the title. There is
much ancient naval history in its pa
and especially in the earlier portion of the
volume, but Part II. is well worth Btudy.
The sub-title is ' Problems t hat '"Sea Power"
does not Solve.' Jn this part the author
la with "examples Of minor paradoxes
or. .. .problems that are no nearer solution
than they were in the past." It is Mr.
Jane's chief doctrine that, so far from the
principles of naval strategy being eternal,
as 18 commonly supposed, reasons exist for
doubting whether they have not completely
changed. He fails to prove his case. The
hing of all time put into maxims by
Napoleon and Clausewitz continues to be
applicable to naval as to land warfare,
though all sensible men admit the existence
of difficulties which cannot be solved by rule.
The hook has at Least the merit that, whether
sound or not. it will make the sailors who
may read it apply thought to certain im-
portant points. To " think clearly " is as
necessary for the admirals as for the Secre-
tary of State for War : unhappily, it is
;• said than done. Mr. Jane is inclined
to " think aloud/' in the popular, but
inexact sense of that phrase. He presents
us with the whole process, and, starting by
laying down a paradoxical position, often
ends by proving the opposite, or orthodox
position. On commerce-destruction, for
example, our author begins his chapter by
an assertion which has ceased to be applic-
able to our case. He says that the defence
of commerce is so difficult a question " that
there is a general conspiracy now and again
to shelve it." The Admiralty have never
shared the anxiety upon the subject of the
outside public, though it is true that many
admirals have recommended a plan of com-
merce-defence which is not suited to modern
conditions. The inquiry set on foot by the
late Government was not necessary for the
Admiralty or for the Defence Committee of
the Cabinet. It was no doubt intended
either for the instruction of the public, or
to warn possible enemies that we are far
1 ■-- vulnerable than is commonly supposed.
Mr. Jane writes as though the matter still
stood where it did before the publication
of the Report of the Commission on Food
Supply in War. After he has devoted
twenty pages to a, statement of the well-
known apparent risk-., he tells us that it is
( Ktremely foolish to under-estimate the
national danger of "commerce-attack."
The disposition has been till lately, and still
is with all but the w ell informed, to over-
estimate the danger. Mr. Jane goes on,
however, to put the other side of the case
so well as to produce on the reader's mind
the same result as that reached more directly
by Mr. Thursliel.l in his excellent essay pub-
lished by Mr. Brassey in the new number
of 'The Naval Annual.' Our author has
been a little damaged by the total failure
in the recent war of bis friends of the
Russian Beet. It is not a just judgment,
but a rough popular opinion, with which
he has to reckon. This makes his fre-
quent comments upon the strategy and
tactics of the Russian fleet interesting to
naval readers. On the other hand, it should
have led him to avoid such parad<
in- attack upon " perfection " on p. -'). and
prophecj that "the KusHian navy will
probablj exist lore.' alter the liiiti h and
Japanese fleets nave sunk Into relative non-
existence."
There are a good many secondary points
dealt with b\ Mr. .lane on which we
disposed to linger. Be is perhaps inclined
t.i rediscover as though they were new some
things that all who have thoughl upon such
questions know, but incidental remarks
raise interesting point-, of controversy.
Mr. .lane stems in some passages to expect
the Commonwealth to get up on her own
account, but spoils his examination of the
subject by the statement that, in the event
of separation, Australia will be swallowed
by Japan. His remarks on the future of
the Dominion are out of date, and n
rather the beliefs current up to a few years
ago than those which are now accepted.
Mr. -lane's contribution to the problem of
the invasion of England does not satisfy us ;
and we again find paradox in his declaration
that "the question is essentially a military
rather than a naval one." Our author has
some valuable reflections upon naval base--,
but in attacking the extreme " Blue Water
School " he declares that " the Extremist
School is not worth consideration here."
Does he, then, exclude Sir John Fisher from
his *" Extremist School " ? Sir John Fisher
will not spend naval money upon bases.
He will not insist, as did recent Boards of
Admiralty, that the War Office shall spend
any large proportion of Army Votes on
naval bases. It is easy to wrangle over such
points, inasmuch as the language of all who
take part in the discussion is unscientific.
In one sense some naval bases are obviously
necessary, but in the opinion of the present
Board of Admiralty these are few, and our
enemies have little power, against our offen-
sive strength, of interfering with them. Mr.
Jane believes that " hardly an impregnable
base exists .... Actual impregnability is
conferred only by the existence of a fleet ....
But the base can go on existing for a con-
siderable period without a fleet." We
confess that we do not understand the passage.
Brest is a good example of a home naval base,
and it is, for all practical purposes, impreg-
nable. In this chapter on ' Base-Power ' Mr.
Jane developes his viewr that the Japanese
should have attacked Port Arthur from the
sea, by means of heavily armed armoured
floating batteries.
Among matters in which we do not agree
with our author are several which figure in a
chapter upon ' International Law.' He here
states incidentally, of the events at Che-
mulpo, that the neutral captains " signed
(so it is said) a protest " against the Japanese
threat to attack the Yariag in port. We are
under the impression that the facts are
officially known. They have been the subject
of public discussion by distinguished naval
officers and by international lawyers of high
standing. Mr. Jane writes as though the
neutral captains were agreed, but as a fact
one of them publicly dissented from the course
pursued by the majority, and his conduct in
so doing was approved by his own Govern-
ment. It is, we believe/ the case that the
British officer to whose action objection has
been taken by two of otir principal writers
on international law was told by our Govern-
ment that he was wrong.
The Statesman's Year-Book for 1000 is
edited, as usual, by Dr. Scott Keltic and
Mr. Renwick, and published by Messrs.
Macmillan & Co. The present issue con-
tains large additions, and is. on the whole,
unproved. Table [., 'The British Empire,'
has on p. xxxiv a very bad mistake. The
I revenue for I ndia ha* in
printed .• • the Bg in
. th.- total population of |
h Empire is given at only hall
proper | : t|,js ,
• in p. txxii the population of Brit
India i^ correct, but •
i- omitted. The total population <»f I
Empire appears correctly on a later p.-
at the heart of ' Additions and Correctioi
but there is no specific reference to the un-
fortunate mistake in the fuller table aid
summary.
\\ •• pi oceed to make a fi
the utility of the pubucat
The account \\ est Indian islai
allude to the improvement in the cultiva-
tion of Jamaica was thought
one time to be likely to produce good cige
but we h'-ar in this volume no mote ol the
riment. Navertheli should ha
thought that the West Indies might appear
in the tobacco table of the British Empire.
Jo our notice of the issue of 1 :>« > 4 we called
attention at some length to the weakness
in the figures for the French debt, which as
regards earlier and later years, and incr
of debt, do not compare like with like. \\ .
admit the difficulty of the subject, but i
that the tables have not been altered. Wo
also suggest again that it is useful to find
in 'The 51 nan's Year-Book' the f<
necessary facts about the abnormal portions
of the British Empire. In 1904 we com-
plained of the absence of sufficient account
of the Channel Islands and of the Isle of
Man. We continue to think that tlx
account of their financial systems should be
made more clear. In the list of coui •
having County Council administration
note also that the peculiarity of the statut
County Council of the Scilly Islands, as-
distinct from the County Council of Cornwall,
is not named. Under Fiji we find a continu-
ance of the old account of the government
and constitution, the change of 1904 not
having been recorded.
The value of such a work as ' The States-
man's Year-Book ' depends in part upon
the Index, and we are inclined to suggest
that this feature would be worth expanding
even though a condensation of many portions
of the volume was involved thereby. Those-
who consult this book of reference often do
so with regard less to a special country than
to a special question. 'The Statesman's
Year-Book' and its Index rest entirely
upon a geographical and governmental baM».
and the whole of the treatment of subjects
is fragmentary and far from uniform. There
i--. for example, a good account of Zanzibar
as it is and was. but nothing to show that
though the inland is under the Foreign Office,
the coast strip — formerly under the Foreign
Office— is new under the Colonial Office.
Those who desire to deal with the legaf
status of slavery are not helped by the
Index, and are confused by the geographical
treatment. At the present moment many
turn to the volume for information upon
primary education. There is no attempt
to index the more important references to
the subject. It is necessary to look out
separately in the Index each of the countries
or colonies or states likely to yield facts for t ht
inquiry. The States of the American I'nion
are separately treated this year for the Brsl
tune, and there is an account of the system
of education in each of them : but there l-
nothing to show, on the one hand, that the
ull-but uni\ ersal American system i- secular.
and, on the other hand, that there are BOm<
exceptions as regards Bible reading and as
regards State endowment of Roman Catholic
institutions. We are well aware that thl
preparation of such an index as we sue._
would be a considerable task. But as ad-
N°4102, June 9, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
699
mirers of ' The Statesman's Year-Book ' we
urge our proposal that it should be under-
taken, and feel certain that the result of the
examination of the volume for the prepara-
tion of such an index would be condensation
in the contents. On education, for example,
an enormous amount of unnecessary infor-
mation, which no one would ever look for,
is supplied, while essential points are fre-
quently omitted. The attempt to deal with
the States of the American Union is admit-
tedly tentative and subject to improvement.
The style of some of the accounts should be
revised. We find, for example, in that of
Illinois the sentence, " The largest city in
the State, and next the largest in the United
States, is Chicago." We presume that the
meaning is that New York City alone is more
populous than Chicago, but there is no refer-
ence to the city of New York.
We have found some fault with a previous
book on Russia by Mr. Luigi Villari, but are
able to praise Fire and Sword in the Caucasus
(Fisher Unwin). The story which he tells
has a do\ible interest. A large part of the
revolutionary situation described may stand
for the anarchy prevailing throughout
Russia. Another portion shows the special
difficulties of governing outlying portions
of the empire, where animosities of race and
ereed complicate the already difficult problem.
The Caucasus is a second, and, except for
its distance from the territories of other
Powers, a worse Poland. The Armenians,
Hke the Finns, had suffered during the present
reign by measures of " Russification.'' The
revenues of the Armenian Church had been
taken by the State, and replaced by salaries.
At all times, the cultivation and the ability
■of the Armenians make them hateful to the
Moslem population among whom they live
in the country between the chain of the
Caucasus and the Persian and Turkish
frontiers. The destruction of the prestige
of the empire in the Japanese war brought
about a paralysis of administration, and
anarchy, accompanied by murder on a
gigantic scale, was the result. Our author
knows Bulgaria and Macedonia, and was
present during the fighting of 1903. He
■draws an interesting comparison between
chaos in the Balkans under Turkey and
ehaos in the Caucasus under Russia. It is
not more easy to see what form of pacifica-
tion is possible in the latter than it is in the
former case. The author seems to have been
•originally impartial, and has come to take a
pro-Armenian view. Those who remember
the visit to this country of the Katholikos,
already frail when he came hither a quarter
of a century ago, will read with sympathetic
interest the author's description of the
dignity with which the head priest of the
Gregorians bears the sufferings of his Church
and people. Under the stress of a forced
acquiescence in the triumph of revolutionary
ideas, the Emperor dismissed the Viceroy
who had raised the Tartars against the non-
"" Orthodox " Christians of the older Church :
restored their revenues, much dilapidated,
to the Armenians; and appointed to the
post, of Governor-Genera] of the Caucasus
a weak aristocrat, well known in London,
whose estates in another part of Russia arc
i- ing plundered as we write. The Georgians
have set up claims on their own a-count.
A smaller tribe has declared its complete
independence under a republican form of
government, blest, for the moment, by the
authorities. The Russian Court of Tifiis
extends a beneficent patronage to all the
creeds and races. The Social Democrats
parade the streets of every town, under the
red flag, and scoff at viceroy, Emperor,
Churches, and racial aspirations. The Arme-
nians and Tartars massacre one another
from time to time ; and magistrates and
police officers are almost daily blown to bits
by bombs. The Cossacks occasionally fall
upon a procession, and do a certain amount
of murdering and robbery on their own
account, but receiving, for the most part,
contradictory orders, usually look on smiling
at all that happens. It is difficult to see
how either the Duma or, more probably,
the Reaction, is to restore order. The
Government at St. Petersburg will hardly
now be able to raise the Orthodox peasantry
throughout the empire in favour of auto-
cracy against the Liberals and the Social
Democrats. It can only do so by adopting
the land confiscation schemes of the most
extreme section of the Duma. In the
Caucasus the autocracy can, and probably
will again, make use of the Tartars to crush
the Armenians and the Social Democrats ;
but the Tartars cannot put down Georgia,
and the mountaineers will have to be con-
quered, if at all, in warfare by regular
troops. In the meantime the whole popula-
tion is armed with excellent rifles, and all
creeds and classes drill continually in local
militia and town guards, who keep them-
selves in exercise by fighting one another.
The best assistant of the Viceroy is the repre-
sentative of the Crim-Tartars, who rejoices
in a magnificent Eastern name and title,
but has the religion of his English mother.
Prince Louis Napoleon does not bear a high
reputation in Paris, either for tact or for
ability ; but, although he refused to receive
the author, Mr. Villari thinks him the one
shining exception among Russian adminis-
trators in the Caucasus. The general was
commanding troops, but was sent, as
Governor-General of a province under
martial law, to the Turkish frontier, and
seems to have displayed energy in his sup-
pression of risings by both sides, and to
have won by impartiality a local popularity
which caused him to be dismissed from his
temporary employment. It is known that
Prince Louis Napoleon has shown his opinion
of the manner in which he was treated by
attempting in the last few months to obtain
high military employment in Italy.
Mr. Villari tells his story well ; he has a
picturesque contrast to the tales of fire and
sword in an American of distinction sent by
the LTnited States Board of Agriculture to
make researches into bee-keeping. In the
height of the disturbances this man of science
was only looking for a unique description of
grey bee, and. after finding it, he started,
though in delicate health, to travel on horse-
back across Persia and the desert to India.
in order to prosecute his inquiries. The last
trials of our author were caused by the
railway strike: attempting to go northwards
into Little and Great Russia, he was stopped
in the mountains at a station from which a
train started every morning, trying to " get
through " ; but " every evening it returned
like the dove to the Ark."
In his present volume our author makes
few mistakes. We object to the translation
of bashKk by " hood-turban," for it is a hood.
The other common head-dress of the Caucasus
is elsewhere photographed, and described
by its right name. The style is pleasant,
and generally good, though we dislike the
description of an inn as " quite elemental."
Mksshs. Thacker & Co. publish, in its
eleventh year. The Naval Pocket Hook,
which Mr. Geoffrey Clowes edits in conse-
quence of the death of his father. Sir William
Clowes. We have checked at several points
the information given, and found it accurate.
although the tables of guns are not so clear
as they would be if confined to the more
modern and important " marks."
Messrs. Dent & Co. publish Canada :
the New Nation, by Mr. H. R. Whates, of
which the first half consists of letters to
The Standard on emigration, and the second
of interesting general remarks on Canada
which we commend to our readers. Mr.
Whates is a little wild in his emigration
scheme, and appears in some passages to
upset himself. He suggests in his preface
that British statesmen have been merely
careless in not carrying out such a scheme
as that which Sir George Grey, backed by
Mr. Torrens and Lord George Hamilton, put
before the country in 1870 and 1871. The
fact is that no party in the State could make
proposals for State emigration, which is
hopelessly unpopidar with almost the entire
electorate. The scheme was never better
presented than by Sir George Grey, and where
his eloquence failed all subsequent proposers
of such projects have failed more conspicu-
ously. It is difficult to discover whether
Mr. Whates proposes State emigration for
our benefit, or for that of Canada, or of the
Empire as a whole ; and as he suggests on
the next page that Canada is destined to
become an independent nation, the connexion
with this country being " very fragile," it
is clear that he does not expect that the
British taxpayer would be likely " to see his
money back." On the other hand, Mr.
Whates points out in his emigration chapters
that the Canadian prefers the Irishman or
the alien to the Englishman. Over and
over again it is shown that the young
Englishman grumbles, while the Scot, the
Irishman, the Swede, and the Norwegian
take their places more easily in the Canadian
system. It can hardly be for the benefit of
the person sent out that Mr. Whates pro-
poses his scheme, for in many other passages
he shows that our emigrant will have to face
the competition of those who are more fitted
for the life of the Far North-West than he is.
There are several passages that suggest that
the emigrant must go alone, and even then
will find the life extraordinarily hard, and
be not unlikely to starve in circumstances
which will make him regret his English home,
however bad. While the emigration chapters
are not helpful to any particular view, we
have formed the opposite opinion of those
which follow that calling for an ' Imperial
Emigration Policy.'
The second part of the book is headed
' An Analysis of Canadian Thought,' and
it is interesting to compare it with the volume
by M. Andre Siegfried reviewed by \is on
April 14th. The first chapter is on the
republican tendency in Canada. Mr. Whates
repeats in it the statement of his preface
that Canada is rapidly moving towards her
future existence as a self-dependent nation,
"away fromClreat Britain, though not neces-
sarily towards. .. .the United States." In
the chapter on the republican tendency the
words are " absolute independence." Our
author discusses the insistence of Canadian
opinion on the right of the Do oinion to the
treaty-making power : and he has some
interesting passages on the total inconsistency
of (lie Canadian ideal with the fiscal policy
of .Mr. Chamberlain, a stales nan for whom
in all respects he has. however, a marked
admiration. Facts have dispelled for our
author " the dream of a federal imperial
Parliament in London.'" aid have shown
him thai Canada insists on being able to
make commercial treaties with any Power
in the world on the same free footing a< that
in which she Stands Inwards the mother
country. He rightly adds that his revelation
on this subject will be a shock to his friends
in London, who. as he s\\s. an told e . cry
morning in their favouri e newspapers that.
Canada is pining for the adoption by us of
a preferential system. Some of the oiher
'(Ill
'I'll E a tii EN ,i:i: M
N U02, Jim. 9, L906
HI. Ill it- I - till.' ■■lit- III |
t ii uilar "ii ' Some 'I'rini. i ii Religion.'
I i liuroh m Canada is, in il"' opinion ol
our author, likelj to tako the exactlj oppo
line to I hal ol her de\ elopmcnl and.
i'li. Ideal "i a uiiit><l Proteatanl Church of
Cam t" have captivated the
imagination <>t 1 1 um \ <>i' her leaders. The
power of the Roman Catholic Church in
('lunula is perhaps one reason why the
I ibyterian, Methodist, and Congregational
Churches of Canada are considering with
mam Churchmen the idea <>t a Proteatanl
unit] in which the Anglican Church would
take i h<- foremost posit ion.
From the title, .1 Deathless Story, which
Messrs. \. C. Addison and W . II. .Matthews
have given to their " only full and authentic
account of. ...the most glorious ocean
tragedy in history"' (Hutchinson & Co.), it
ia i videnl from the first that the treatment
i- to be enthusiastic ; and it is so. It is, of
coin-.', a matter of general belief that there
never was such an instance of disciplined
heroism as was shown in the wreck of the
Birkenhead a belief that is wholesome
enough, though historically inaccurate. Hut
the joint aul hora of this hook have no doubts,
and have elaborated the received opinion.
They have carefully investigated all the
details of the disaster, and have brought
together the results of their inquiries in
what must be regarded as a final report. It
might, indeed, be objected that the enthu-
siasm of the authors is excessive and their
story told at needless length. Not only have
they described the part played by each
survivor on that memorable 26th of Feb-
ruary, but they have also added an account
of the subsequent career of as many of them
as they have been able to trace. It may be
that in this they have done wisely, for they
have shown that these men — whose bodies
are buried in peace, but whose names live
for evermore — wore no demigods of fable,
but mortals of ordinary flesh and blood,
" brothers of me and you." And by empha-
sizing this point, as well as by dissipating
the Legends which have already grown up
round the event, they add to the value of
the example and the moral which are to be
drawn from the story.
There are many illustrations — portraits,
relevant and irrelevant, of men and of ships.
In what is intended to be a permanent
record more care might have been taken
with these, some few of which seem exceed-
ingly questionable : for instance, a naval
surgeon is shown wearing a military uniform ;
and why should the " master commanding,"
whose portrait shows him in what is probably
intended for a master's uniform, be con-
stantly referred to as " Captain " Salmond ?
A Book of Memory. Compiled by Katha-
rine Tynan. (Hodder & Stoughton.) —
Mrs. Hinkson has had the original idea of
compiling what she calls "The Birthday
Book of the Blessed Dead,' arranged upon
exactly the same lines as t hose of an ordinary
birthday book, with a view' to keeping a
record of the anniversaries of the deaths of
friends. Bach day has its own text, followed
by B few lines in verse or prose. The selec-
tions are well chosen, and they all naturally
treat of the subjects of death and eternity.
The book lias been a labour of love, much
of it compiled in memory of a dear friend,
and there are many for whom the idea will
have a distinct charm, and to whom it will
bring some measure of consolation.
Early Lives of < 'harlemagru . By Eginhard
and the Monk of St. Call'. Edited by A. .!.
Grant. (De La More Press.)- Prof. Grant
has succeeded in preserving something of the
quality of Einhard (we prefer this form of
the name) in his translation, "intellectually
1 1 ong, bul i The Monk of St
I ■ l < . • ■ ii better with hi sturdy prejudice
and good toHl . -iirli OS that ol OlCI dOCOD
"who i • ii'il the course of da! on
sha\ inu; and cleaning his nails, sVc, and was
killed by a spider, lb in full of pithy com
mon •! ■ !•!■ I. ide with credulous super-
tit ion a very good mixture from the
reader's point of view. The book maki ■*
noteworthy addition to the " King's Classii
blsT OF NEW BOOKS.
K N QLIS II.
/ hi tHogy.
Fotheringhaai <i>. it . >, The Chronology of the OW Ti
iin-iil . :; ml.
Letter* and Reflections of Fenelon, edited bj B. W. Ran-
dolph, i net,
sri as for the People: Vol. v. Trinity Sunday until
Eighth Sunday after Trinity, 1/
Thnreau-Dangin (P.), St. Bernardino of Sien ted by
Baroness <;. von Bngel, i 8 net.
Fine Art and Arehatology.
Browne (E. A.), Great Buildings, and ll"« to Enjoy Them,
net.
Fletcher (B. F.I. Class Illustrations for the Stndy of Archi-
tect oral History, 18 8 net
Greensbields (F. it.), Landscape Painting and Modem
Dutch Artiste, so net.
Nesbitt(F. K.), Algeria and Tunis Painted and Described,
20/ net.
Petrie(W. M. Flinders) Researches in Sinai, 21/ net.
Rembrandt, Part \ II., 2/8 net.
Royal Academy Pictures, Parte iv. and v., 74 net each.
st. I, nuis International Exhibition: British Section, com-
piled by sir I. Spielmann,
Sizeranne (R. de la), Buskin at Venice, Lecture, l/net.
Stevens (A.), A Painter's Philosophy, 2/6 net.
Poetry and the Drama.
Halford (J. G.), A Throne of Sorrow, 1547-53, 2/
Routledge's Muses' Library : Poems and Dramas of Matthew
Arnold, 2 vols., 1/ net each.
Sidney (Sir I'.), The Defence of Poesie, and certain Sonnets,
7 8 net.
Signs Severa, by R A. Iv., 1
Tennyson (Alfred, Lord), Ballads and other Poems, Pocket
Edition, 2/ net.
Music.
Dry (W\), Wagner's Flying Dutchman, 1 ' net.
Hughes. Hughes (A.), Catalogue of Manuscript Music in the
British Museum : Vol. I. Sacred Vocal Music, 21/
Shaw (G. B.), The Perfect Wagnerite, 3/6 net.
Bibliography.
Bowes (K.) and Gray (G. J.), John Siberch, Bibliographical
Notes, 7/8 net.
Philosophy.
Joseph (II. W. B.), An Introduction to Logic, 9 6 net.
Lloyd (li. D.), Man, the Social Creator, 6/
Reich (E.), Plato as an Introduction to Modern Criticism
of Life, 10/6 net.
Political Economy.
Dawson (YV. II.), The German Workman : a Study in
National Efficiency, 8/ net.
Smith (C. W.), International Commercial and Financial
Gambling in Options and Futures : the Economic Ruin
to the World, 5/ net.
History and Biography.
Breasted (J. IL), Ancient Records of Egypt: Vol. III.
Nineteenth Dynasty, 4 vols., lidols.
Davenport (F. CI, The Economic Development of a Norfolk
Manor, 10/ net.
Evelyn (J.), Diary, edited by W. Bray, with Life by II. B.
Wheatley, Vol. III., 4 vols., \i net.
Hume (Martin), Modem Spain, with a new Preface, 5/
.lane (F. T.), Heresies of Sea Power, 12/6 net.
Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-89: Vol. V.,
1776.
Leach (A. F.), History of Warwick School, 10 net.
Nevinson (H. W.), The Dawn in Russia; or, Scenes in the
Russian Revolution, 7/6 net.
Okey (T.), The Story of Paris, I 6 net.
Plutarch's Lives. Translated liv A. Stewart and G. Long.
Vols. IL, III., and IV., 2 net each.
Prescott's Works, Vols. X vil. -XXII. , Montezuma Edition,
11 vols. 275/ net.
I'rin Uon Hr.t: rr ill \ ■ liiian \ lin.f Ninitiv-.' of the
Ravages of the British and Hessians at Princeton,
edited by v. L. Collins, 1 dol.
Speight (II.)', Niddcrdale from Nun Monkton to Whernside,
8 6 net.
Geography and Trarel.
Battersbj (ii. F. P.), india under Royal Byes, 12/6 net.
Black's Guide to Scotland, West and' South-West, 2 8
Ne\ ills. hi (II. W'.l, A .Modern Slavery, 6/
Redmond (\v.). Through the New Commonwealth, :i 6
Beavers (T. a.) and Briden (XV. S.), The Log of ILM.s.
scvll.i, 190 i 8, i net
Tucker (W. 11.1, The Log of ll.M.S. Hvacinth, 1908-6,
I net.
Sports and Pastinu s.
■Car" Boad-Book and Guide, 1906, 12/6 net
Motorist's Daily Record of Runs, 2 net.
Educational,
II ;inann (J. C.I, Reform in Primary Education, trans-
lated by It. H. Hoar and K. Barker, 1 B net.
School-Books,
llossfchl's Italian Dialogues, 1,\ T. A. Plumpton, 1 6
Kingsley's Andromeda, edited by G. Veld, 1: Water
Babies, with Introduction and Notes liv .1. Horace-
Smith and M. L. Milfonl, 2/6
i l.l.r
i I
i . w . •
l
LH l.
■' -Ih-i . \ .,| II N
"i Midwirea and M ■••
II
i ' .
i >'■ 0 I '. i. ( Inn. ,1 );... teriolot II
loi Prtu-tilionei
Gardening Mitdi I . i bj I. I < • ••> :
i -uffoik from Cnder-
groiind Si.iiii ,--.
1 1 ni ••- 1 i.i B I, ' unmiuipl ion i
civ (ligation, 21 net
Leathea(J. B.), Problem* in Animal Metabolise
If (IL), The Ri-- and I'n.-r.--- of Hydropathy in
England aiel ^. ol I Lad, 8 'i n>-t.
LVewcotnb (8 \ I mpendium of Spherical A-tr"i:
12 i; net,
Oppenheim's Interest TabU
Sayen (A. i. Experimenl - on il
Scheiei lit . ), Ca-ein : il> Preparation and Technical Ctili-
zation, ti-ui-l..' • i KaltCT, 7 6 net.
Shearman (A. I >. The Development of Symbolic I.
.'. IH-I.
Stevenson (J. L), Bls^Furnace Calculations an
B mi.
Transvaal Agricultural Journal, April.
Transvaal Department of Agriculture, Annual Rej>ort.
White 1 1: i' . .. Catarrhal Fevers, commonly called Oolda, 4/
Books.
Arnold (EA Ted Buss the Cripple, I 6
Dalkeith CL.i. Msap'n Fables, l 8 net
Lang (.I.i. Stories from Don Quixote, 1 *J net.
[WW,
Bindloss (HA Beneath her Station. <;
Black 1 1, i. The Mantle of the Emperoi
BurcheU (S. IL), The Grip of Fear, 8
clouston (J. s.), Count Bunki
(ox (F. .1.1, A Stranger within the Gates, 6/
Elliott (R.), Hi-Vou, 2 6 net
Glyn (E.l. The Visits of Elizabeth
G miter (A. c. i. My Japanese Prii
Halcombe(C .1. IL). Children of Far Cathay, 0/
Hernaman -Johnson (F.), The Polyphemi
Neuman (B. P.), The Spoils Of Victory, 6
Pratt (K. A.), British Canals: Is their Resuscitation Prac-
ticable' 2 6 net
Bean (A.), The Rest Beloved, and other Allegories, 1 net.
Reynolds (Mrs. BaiUie), Thalass
Routledge's Universal Library: < reasy*! Fifteen Decisive
Battles; Lnndnr'- Imaginary Conversations : Whit-
man's Democratic Vistas; Borrow's The Zincali ;
Riiirow's Lavengro ; l net •
Rowland (II. c). In the Shadow, 8
Senn (C. H.), Recherche Luncheon and Dinner Sweets,
2/6 net.
Stewart (B.), Active Service Pocket-Book. 2 6 net.
Thome (Guy), When It was Dark, 6rf
White (F. M.), The fellow Face, 6/
Williams (A.), Petrol Peter. 8 6 net.
F O R F. I G N.
Theology.
Mollei (W.), Die Mesaianische Brwartung der vorexfliaehsa
Propheten, 6m.
Thureau-Daiunn (P.), La Renaissance Catholiqne: Part III.
1866 92, 7fr. "o.
Winckler (IL), Religionsgeschichtler and geechichtlicbei
Orient, Om. ■'".
Pine Art and Archaology.
Bode(W.), Rembrandt n. seine Zeitgenoasen, 6m.
Hirth's Formenschats, 1906, Parts \'. and VI.. 2m.
Lidzbarski (M.I. Bphemeris f. Bemitische BpigraptaDt,
VoL II. Part IL, 7m. 5ft
Drama.
Cain (C.1. Anciens Theatres de Paris, afr.
Ginisty (P.), I.a Vie dun Theatre, 8fr.
Materialien zur Kttnde des alteren F.nglischen Dr. I
Vol. XIII. The Queen, or the Excellency of Ik
edited by W. Bang, 5m. 20.
Philosophy,
Kinkel (W.X Geschichte der Philosophic als Einleitnng in
das System der PhilosopbJe: Part I. Von ThsJSB l'i-
auf die Sophisten, 6m.
History and Biography.
I'.run (R. l.ei. Corneille devanl ii"is Siecles, So*. 50.
Chrousl (A.), Der Ausgang der Regierung Rudolfs II. u.
die Anfange des Kaisers Matthias, iMn. 20.
Guiraud (J.\ Questions d'Histoire et d'Anheologie chre-
tienne, Sfl
Martina tiM. L'Orienl dans la Litterature fraueaJse in
XVII. et au X\ III. side. 7fr. SCL
Maugias (GA Dernieres Auneesdu Roi Stanislas. 7fr. 50.
Picard (A.i. Le BDan dun Siecle(1801 1900), Vol I.. lOfr.
Piiontc.i, Pans sons Louis XV.: Rapport des InnpeetMBta
de Police au Roi. Sfr. 50,
Serignan (Comte '!<■ L. de), Oorrespondance intone da Due
de Laucun, 1701 2,
Sen (Baron ii.) et Guyot (R.), Memoiree du Biimn S
1786 1862, rfv. .'•!'.
Education,
sigwalt (('.), De I'Enseignement des Langues vrvantee,
3fr. sa
nee.
Mense (CI, HandluHh der Tropenkrankheitei). Vol. IIL
Part I. 14m.
Philology.
Jaooby(C), Dionysi Halicarnaeensis Antiqnibatum Roma»
narum qute supersunt ed., 4m.
N° 4102, June 9, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
01
General Literature.
Antt:e, Juin, Ofr. 50.
Formont (M.)> Le .Sacrifice, 3fr. 50.
Reval (G.), Le Ruban ile Venus, 3fr. 50.
*«* All Books received at the Office up to Wednesday
Morning will be included in this List unless previously
noted. Publishers are requested to state prices when
sending Books.
GILES FLETCHER'S VERSION OF
JEREMIAH.
The Syndics of the Cambridge University
Press have in preparation an edition of the
works of Giles and Phineas Fletcher as part
of their " Cambridge English Classics."
They would like to have included therein
the version of the Lamentations of Jeremiah
from the MS. formerly in the library of
King's College, Cambridge, mentioned in
the ' Dictionary of National Biography '
under the title of " iEgidii Fletcheri versio
Poetica Lamentationum Jeremise. Pre-
sented to the College 2 Feb., 1654-5, by
S(amuel) Th(oms), Soc," and entered in one
of the oldest catalogues at King's as "Lamen-
tationes Jeremiad per metaphrasin. Authore
^Egidio Fletcher." Unfortunately, the MS.
cannot be found in the library, and it pro-
bably disappeared a long time ago, as it is
not mentioned in a catalogue made some
fifty or sixty years since ; nor in one made
about twenty-five years ago ; nor in the
one made by the present Provost. If any of
the readers of The Athenceum can throw any
light upon the matter, or offer any hint that
might lead to the MS. being traced to its
present home, the Syndics would be grateful.
Communications may be addressed to
F. S. Boas, Esq., Cranford, Bickley, Kent,
the editor of the new edition referred to
above, or to me at the University Press,
Cambridge. A. R. Waller.
THE ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
STATE TRIALS OF THE REIGN OF
EDWARD I.
The new volume of the Society's
"Camden Series" is concerned with a
mediaeval subject of considerable interest
and importance. The graphic and romantic,
story of the trial and conviction of many of
the royal ministers and judges for various
enormities committed during the king's
long absence from England previous to
August, 1289, has been duly related by con-
temporary chroniclers, with numerous embel-
lishments suggested by obvious motives.
In our own time the episode, like others of
the same kind — such as the famous " Inquest
ot Sheriffs " in 1170, or the inquisitions " De
Miniatris " between 1275 and 1279 — has
received considerable notice from constitu-
tional historians and legal biographers. For
the first time, however, these proceedings
have been elucidated from contemporary
records i.i the laborious compilation pre-
pared by Prof. Tout, assisted by his pupil
Miss Hilda Johnstone, a research-fellow of
the University of Manchester. In the present
edition we have the results of their joint
investigation of the two bulky Assize Rolls,
ntly discovered at the Record Office,
which i (port the proceedings Of a Commission
of Enquiry held at the Tower of London
b< bween the years 1289 and 1293.
We need scarcely regret that space did
M"t permit of the publication of a complete
text of these very technical and somewhat
mon< fcoi - proceedings. The editors have
■ i ujiily solved t he problem of t heir
reproduction by printing a limited numbei
of selected csises, together with :ui elaborate
analysis, in tabular farm, of the remaining
• i >n these rolls. This method <>t pre-
senting the contents of the records is pro-
bably sufficient for all practical purposes.
It is at least more helpful to historical
students than a perfunctory calendar, since
the excerpts and precis are supplemented
by an exhaustive Introduction, in which
the constitution of the court and the com-
position of its records are minutely described,
and the historical literature relating to the
subject is ably reviewed.
The many difficulties presented by a
mutilated and disjointed text and an almost
total failure of subsidiary documents have
been, on the whole, successfully overcome
by the editors, even though they have in-
evitably failed to reconstruct the whole
procedure indicated by the surviving records.
The strenuous character of these researches
may easily excuse a certain indifference to
minor points of editorial treatment which
may be noticed in respect of proper names
and references. If Isabella de Fortibus
must be gallicized, the form should be " des
Forz " and not " de Fors " ; whilst such
abbreviations as " Warwicks," " Gloucests,"
" Derby s," though warranted by analogy,
require some apology. Again, a short glos-
sary of technical words might have been
prefixed to the index with advantage. Even
an accomplished mediaeval Latinist might
be excused for ignorance of the meaning of
" scorvettus," or might fail to be further
enlightened by the equivalent " escroe."
Such points as these are, however,
largely matters of taste, and scarcely detract
from the real value of this edition. In this
Prof. Tout is not only to be congratulated on
his own successful share. To judge from
that attributed to his assistant, he can claim
to have equipped a mediaeval student of
remarkable promise, and one of whose per-
formance the History School of the new
University of Manchester may well be proud.
'THE OPEN ROAD.'
I have just read Mr. Lucas's letter to you
in which he complains that the house of
E. Grant Richards, of which I am manager,
has published an anthology, Mr. W. G.
Waters's ' Traveller's Joy,' in a form similar
to that in which Mr. Lucas's own book,
' The Open Road,' was first issued. Mr.
Lucas makes out a case, but it is based on
misapprehension, or on ignorance of all the
facts. And as his book has been appearing
now for many months in a dress entirely
different from that which I gave it, I cannot
appreciate the ground of his grievance. Here
are the facts : —
1. The original cover of ' The Open Koad,'
the form in which it was printed, and so on,
were no part of Mr. Lucas's scheme. I alone
was responsible for them. Moreover, at
least one other book was published by me in
exactly the same form. The artist who
designed the end-papers had been previously
employed by me for similar work on another
anthology ; it was therefore natural that,
knowing his familiarity with a publisher's
requirements, we should turn to him for
the end-papers of 'Traveller's Joy,' which,
however, are in colour, and very different
from the end-papers he did for me in the
previous case.
2. ' The Open Road' has been imitated
several times by other publishers, both as
to form and contents. For instance, during
last year Messrs Routledge produced an
anthology, "The Voice of the Mountain
book which is, Save for the addition of ■!
pictorial design on the side cover, an almost
exact imitation of the original form of 'The
Open Koad ' as to size, arrangement, t\ pe,
paper, material of binding, and cover design.
I 'nt the tWO books side by side on a shelf.
and there is no difference save of title. Now
this book was produced while ' The Open
Road ' was still selling in its first form, but
as far as I know Mr. Lucas made no protest.
3. Mr. Lucas says that Mr. Waters's
anthology is based " in idea " on ' The Open
Road,' and the suggestion is that I com-
missioned its preparation with the definite
object of supplanting his book. As a matter
of fact, Mr. Waters's anthology has, to my
knowledge, existed in manuscript just as it
has now been printed, and with its present
title, for at least three years. I had nothing
whatever to do with its preparation, and
never heard of it until it was completed.
4. ' Traveller's Joy ' was offered to its
present publisher, and after some delay was
accepted. Having invented the form oi
' The Open Road,' I should have liked to
produce something even more attractive
for this new anthology. Frankly, I found
that impossible ; and finding that that
design seemed to be consideied common
property, I felt myself, as its originator, at
liberty to use it here. I should not have
used it, however, if I had not seen that in
reissuing ' The Open Road ' with another
house Mr. Lucas had, as I have said, aban-
doned entirely the original cover. The
change is indeed so great that it would be
impossible for any intending purchaser to
confuse the two books, so entirely different
are they in appearance. Still Mr. Lucas
protests ; and yet, as I have shown, he did
not protest against ' The Voice of the Moun-
tains,' although its imitation was obvious
and confusing !
5. Mr. Lucas says : " Mr. Grant Richards
failed for many thousand pounds .... the
debt to me is still unpaid, and is likely to
remain so." It is difficult for me to comment
as I should wish on this sentence, but his
" likely to remain so " seems unnecessary ;
in any case, I hope he may have cause to
change his opinion. But as the matter has
been referred to, I should like, with the
knowledge of my trustee, Mr. H. A. Moncrieff,
to make certain facts clear. My total lia-
bilities at the time of my failure were ap-
proximately 50,000/. My creditors, at my
invitation, had my assets independently
valued. As a result they were reckoned
to be worth at least 50,000/. as long as the
business was not pulled up. This fact
appears on the official records. No pub-
lishing business, however, could sustain a
suspension of eighteen months, for during
that eighteen months the assets must
necessarily, according to their nature,
waste. The result in consequence has been
unsatisfactory to my creditors, and even
more unsatisfactory to me. Still, for
my creditors and for myself there remains
the future.
6. Finally, as regards the debt still owing
to Mr. Lucas. I bud that it is for royalties,
Arc. for the six months preceding my failure,
and that the sum is a small one compared
with the large sum 1 paid Mi-. Lucas, half
year by half year, in connexion with 'The
Open Koad." and compared with the much
larger sum 1 had occasion to pay Mr. Lucas
during the period of our association.
( in \\t 1! icu \ki>s.
"AMERICAN ADVERTISING."
'I he Cottage, •■'mm mbridge, Kent, June 6th, MM 6.
Alt( n 1 three weeks BgO a friend of mine.
vicar of a country parish, received a. post
card of which I send \ ou a copy : —
Bddington, Canterbury, t^ May,
Rsvd. Sib, I feel it mj dutj to bring before
your noiicr iin extraordinary attack made upon
you in chapter ii. page 16 of a recently published
book entitled 'Parsons and Pagans.' The book la
70!
Til E ATHENJSUM
N° 4 !<•■>, J i m. !i, 1906
published l>\ Henry J. Drane, tnd the author'i
nunc ii \'i\mii Hope. Tb« mattei m»j pomiibbj
hevfl Ik-cm brought i" vour notice, otherwise it
ma to .I. in. mil atteotioa Could not the lav <>i
libel be Invoked ' Vra. to ah .
..Ii K. I- n/lli i.ii i.r.
Although dated from " Ekldington, Canter-
bury," the postmark is thai of the London
district 8.W. My friend was not unnaturally
a little disturbed. The post card was Been
by his servants and by the postman, and of
oourse it tnusl have been oonoluded that
jomething disgraeeful was alleged. The
book was procured, and was found to be tin-
work of Borne ignorant, Btupid person who
cannot write English ; but it contained no
reference to my friend, direct or indirect.
In The Publishers' Circular of the 2nd inst.
the mystery is cleared up. Similar post
eards have been sent to other clergymen, and
the editor Of The Circular asked Mr. Diane
for an explanation. Here it is : —
Salisbury House, Salisbury Square, London, K.C.,
May 81,1!
The Editor,
Tin Publishers' Circular.
Di lb S 1 1 : . — 1 have with thanks to acknowledge
the receipt of your favour respeoting the post cards
•sent out in referenoe to ' Parsons and Pagans.' As
you say, it is an American form of advertising, but
they were sent out without my sanction or know-
ledge, and on getting a complaint from some one
who had received a card similar to the copy you
send me I immediately communicated with the
author and demanded that he cease sending out
such cards, and, according to his communication
to me, he stopped at once what I looked upon as a
very questionable way to push the sale of his book.
Thanking you for your courtesy in the matter,
Yours very faithfully,
(signed) H. J. Dkase.
I make no comment whatever on this
" form of advertising," nor is it worth while
to express what must be the general opinion
of Mr. E. FitzHerbert or Mr. Vivian Hope.
I write merely to assist in exposing his fraud,
and to prevent clergymen from putting
money in his pocket. W. Hale White.
%* This scandalous fraud lias already
•been exposed elsewhere, but wo think it well
to warn our readers of the lengths to which
modern advertisers are prepared to go. We
are glad to notice that Mr. Diane has re-
pudiated responsibility for this " very
questionable " business.
'THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS OF
SCOTLAND.'
In your issue of June 2nd is a letter
signed Iain Gallda, on which your reviewer
comments. Your reviewer says that " the
whole question of the date of clan tartans
is difficult."
Iain Gallda refers to various books and
pamphlets I have brought out. I will, if
you will allow me, refer to one or two records
that I have obtained.
The Rev. Alexander Stewart, whose many
writings under the name Nether Lochaber
are well known, gave me the following
(see ' Records of Argyll,' p. 440). He saw
a Stewart tartan " Vulgate " — so bound
Hi:?!) ; also a fragment of MacKenzie tartan
handed down from father to son with a
charm stone of crystal, the owner having
been killed at the 'Rattle of Kilsyth. This
fragment had been preserved in the family
" kist " or locker.
I have myself a fragment of Fraser tartan
which was worn by a Fraser at the hat tie of
Culloden, and given to me by his lineal
descendant, a keeper on Lord Lovat'a estate.
The Jacobite Campbell of Lochnell wore
tho common clan Campbell tartan at Cullo-
den. This plaid was often in the hands of
Mie late Mrs. Lilias Davidson, nix Campbell
nf Ardslignisli and Lochnell. This pro
that this tartan wai not first made at the
formation <»f the Highland regiments on
the Government or Protestant side. Family
tartans and olan tartai ne and the
same, the chiefs being distinguished by some
si i ipe.
The wedding coat of Charles [I., tied with
Stuart tartan rihhon, is preserved at b\
w ood.
In the- ' Vestiarium Scoticum,' 1660 70,
is the following : —
■ Pot as meikle a^ in their present tymea, k<-. as
was nun li usit, he our umquhile Lorae and
raine, King .lames of nobil memorye, f r he had
ever, besydes tbae <<\ l>i-- awin ooiouria, two or
three plaidis of divers kyndes in Ins wardrobe
when that be wald not l>c knawin openlye."
In the ' Depradations committed on the
Clan CampbeU and their Followers, 1686
1686,' by the troops of the Duke of Cordon,
Marquis (if Athole, Lord Strathnaver, and
others, plaids of various kinds are named
as being robbed : —
" Item, 1 Lowland playd mantle, kc. 12 lab.
"Item, I pair aprainged playds, Hi. 13. 4.
"Item, For a Highland plaid with some oyr
cloathes, linen and woolen, tj . 13. 4."
Among the many passages having tartan
is one I quote : —
" Twa tahartis of the tartane from a poem called
Symmye and his hinder, 1490."
Archibald Campbell.
ftifoatij ©cssip.
Mr. Werner Laurie is about to publish
' Lotus Land,' an account of the country
and the people of Southern Siam, by Mr.
P. A. Thompson, with map and numerous
illustrations and drawings. The author
was engaged for three years in survey
work in Siam, and he has much to tell of
the beliefs and customs of the people. He
has collected the legends which have
gathered about the ruins scattered over
the country, and includes a chapter on
Siamese art.
Dr. Stanley Lane-Poole is preparing
a new edition in three volumes of Lane's
'Thousand and One Nights,' which Messrs.
Bell are about to add to their " York
Library." The edition will present several
new features.
' The Hampstead Garner ' is the title
of a new anthology, to be published shortly,
giving a collection of verse in praise of
Hampstead or relating to the celebrated
writers who have been connected with the
locality. Among these are Keats, Leigh
Hunt, Akenside, Mrs. Barbauld, and
Joanna Baillie. The work will have a
Preface by Mr. Clement Shorter and will
be published by Mr. Elliot Stock.
We have to record the death, at the
great age of ninety-one, of Dr. W. G.
Blackie, of the Glasgow publishing firm
of Blackie & Son. In his active years Dr.
Blackie devoted himself largely to the
literary side of the publishing business.
He was a man of fine taste, and had a
remarkable linguistic' faculty, being able
to read German, French. Italian, Spanish.
Danish, Norse, and Dutch, besides Latin
and Greek. He had studied at Leipsic
and Jena, and derived his degree of Ph.D.
from the latter university.
\ special <-dit ion of M< - : Mden'i
1 I iford < ruide ' will be given
publishers' to each member at the Oxford
meeting <<f the Associated Booksellers of
Great Britain and Ireland, which begins,
already announced, on duly 6th. The
arrangements include a lecture <>n
rod day, by Mr. James Parker, on
I irly History of Oxford and the Growth
of the University.1
Tiik Sixty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the
London Library will be held in the Reading
Room next Thursday afternoon, tin I'
Son. A. .J. Balfour in the chair.
Bbvxbal very interesting letters which
form part of the secret official correspond'
cure between the Lord Lieutenant of
Ireland (Karl Temple) and the English
Cabinet, in reference to the legislal
judicial independence of Ireland in I 7V_
liave been presented to the Home Office
by .Mr. Gregory, the well-known bookseller
of Bath, for preservation with the J
State Papers in the Public Record Of
from which the letters in question have
long been missing.
Wk are requested to state that persor
desirous of attending the performance
of Oscar Wilde's ' Florentine Tragedy
and 'Salome' at the Literary Theatl
Club on the 10th and 18th irist. Bhoolfl
communicate with the secretarv. Mi
Currey, 88, Philbeach Gardens, 8.W.
A somewhat unusual periodical is about
to make its appearance at Madras under
the title of Gossip. It claims to be dev< >t<
to the interests of the Indian sepoy, anc
the prospectus states that, while all other
classes of the Indian community hav<
organs to ventilate their opinions and cal
attention to their grievances, the nativi
soldier has no such mouthpiece. The
attitude of the military authorities fa
India towards this publication must
arouse some curiosity, more especially
Gossip proclaims its intention to h
an Indian Truth.
An interesting exhibition of old news-
papers, for the most part German, wi
opened at Frankfort last week, and the
archives of the city as well as seven
private collections have been liberally
drawn upon. The oldest German news-
paper in existence is dated March 12th,
1622, but the first daily German newspaper
is known to have been started at StraSB-
burg in 1609. Another feature of the
exhibition is the display of daily news-
papers in French issued at Frankfort froir
1739 to 1879.
The London County Council, whose
historical zeal is most commendable, has
decided to mark the residence of Capt.
Cook at No. SS. Mile End Road, by means
of a memorial tablet.
In the New York Outhxik for Jane Mr.
James F. Muirhead tells the story of the
rise of " The House of Baedeker." with the
gradual evolution of their famous guides.
founded on English models. In 1872 the
firm removed from Coblenz to Leipsic.
Karl Baedeker, the founder of the Guides.
died in 1859 : he was succeeded by Karl
the second. The present cliief repre-
N°4102, June 9, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
703
sentative is Fritz, a younger brother of
Karl the second, with whom are associated
his two sons.
' Tilting in Tudor Times ' was a
feature of the recent Naval and Military
Tournament. The display of dress was
brilliant, but the sport itself not particu-
larly exciting. Gallant knights, as Scott
remarks in his Introduction to ' The
Monastery,' had at that period given up
hazardous feats, and
" their chivalrous displays of personal
gallantry seldom went further in Elizabeth's
days than the tiltyard, where barricades,
called barriers, prevented the shock of the
horses, and limited the display of the
cavaliers' skill to the comparatively safe
encounter of their lances."
Mr. A. Russell Smith, the bookseller,
has removed from 24, Great Windmill
Street, to 28, Henrietta Street, Covent
Garden.
A Blue-Book on the ' Progress and
Condition of India, 1904-5,' as exemplified
in literature and the press, is just out
(Is. 8d.), and gives details of the
number of publications registered
throughout the country in various
languages. Madras had 424 publications
in English, 335 in Tamil, and 233 in Telugu ;
Bombay, 247 in Gujarathi, and 154 in
Marathi ; the United Provinces, 567 in
Hindu, and 451 in Urdu ; Punjab, 614 in
Urdu, and 455 in Punjabi. Bengal claims
a large majority of publications, English
reaching 242, Hindu 140, and Bengali 916.
The Bengal Library received 3,045 items
in 1904, religion being the most popular
subject. The fiction was markedly in-
fluenced by theosophy, and the Report
rather quaintly describes the average
Bengali novelist as " ever ready to indent
on the supernatural." Bombay now has
a Hindi version of ' The Merchant of
Venice,' and a Marathi rendering of ' The
Midsummer Night's Dream.'
SCIENCE
MEDICAL BOOKS.
The Morphology of Normal and Patho-
logical Blood. By George A. Buckmaster.
(John Murray.) — This volume contains the
sul. stance of Dr. Buckmaster's course of
lectures delivered in the Physiological
Institute of the University of London. They
are addressed primarily to students who have
i»l ready a sound knowledge of physiology and
histology and a working acquaintance with
clinical medicine. Incidentally they serve
to reveal our ignorance of the life-history
of so important an element in the body as
the blood. The chapter on polycythemia
is perhaps tbe most interesting to the general
der. It deals with the effect of altitude
on the blood as shown by experiments
carried oul by the author. Mr. Clinton Dent,
and Dr. Slater during two successive years
at heights of from 3,000 to 14,000 feet.
Dr. Buckmaster found that sustained mental
work was out of the question at 10,000 feet,
and was performed with difficulty at 6,000.
The results obtained at these heights were
photographed therefore, and the details were
afterwards recorded at leisure. The chief con-
clusion arrived at was that the number of
Fed blood corpuscles increase rapidly at
high levels, and tend to augment for some
weeks ; whilst return to a lower level is
followed within twelve to twenty - four
hours by a distinct fall both in the
haemoglobin and in the number of
corpuscles contained in the blood. There
seems to be a certain level at " which
this condition of polycythemia is at its
maximum, probably 6,000 to 8,000 feet in
Europe. Double this height certainly does
not produce a more evident polycythemia,
or richness in hemoglobin.
The expert histologist may learn much
from these lectures upon many debatable
points in connexion with the blood, and upon
the position assumed by Dr. Buckmaster
in connexion with the blood platelets and
the mechanism by which foreign cells and
leucocytes introduced into the body are
destroyed. The guaiacum test for blood is
rehabilitated ; and there is a good account of
Uhlenhuth's work on the subject, conducted
at Bucharest with the object of distinguish-
ing the blood of different animals in medico-
legal cases. The last chapter of the book
deals with the morphology of pathological
blood, especially in regard to the various
forms of oligemia, and is well illustrated by
a number of coloured plates. The book
concludes with a useful appendix on clinical
methods, a series of bibliographical refer-
ences, and a sufficient index.
On Leprosy and Fish-eating : a Statement
of Facts and Explanation. By Jonathan
Hutchinson, F.R.S. (Constable & Co.)—
Leprosy is one of the old-world diseases
which seem to have diminished in importance
with the advance of civilization, bringing
with it better food due to easier means
of transport. It is still endemic in certain
parts of the world, and conditions still
arise occasionally which enable it to spread,
as has lately been seen in South Africa.
But even now it is not known how it is
transmitted from person to person. Many
authorities maintain that it spreads by con-
tagion, as is the case with other diseases
associated with the presence of a micro-
organism ; whilst others believe that it
arises de novo, in the sense that the affected
individual has ingested the materies morbi
in food or by other means. It is important
to discover which is right, for the happiness
of thousands depends on the answer. One
party would isolate the victims, and render
possible the misery of Robben Island and
Crete ; the other would be content with
home attention and a careful diet.
Mr. Jonathan Hutchinson has long been
known as the most able exponent of the
hypothesis that fish is in some way the cause
of leprosy, and the book before us is a luminous
exposition of his present position in regard
to the problem. It is an attempt to show
that in some way, not yet fully understood,
the poison which causes leprosy is received
into the system in connexion with fish eaten
in an unsound or bad condition. Fish
which is quite fresh from the sea, river, or
lake, and fish which has been well cured,
are harmless ; but either cured or un-
cured fish in a state of decomposition may
occasionally contain some ingredient which
is effective in causing leprosy. Mr. Hut-
chinson has collected his facts from many
sources : some ore traditional, some his-
torical, some statistical, and many are from
his own observation (hiring tours in Norway,
India, and South Africa. Mr. Hutchinson
first put forward his theory about 1863, but
the discovery of fresh facts lias led him to
alter his position from time to time in regard
to the influence of a fish diet Upon the origin
of Leprosy, and the last word has clearly not
been said on the subject. The conclusions
arrived at by Mr. Hutchinson show that the
theory is a good working hypothesis, which,
might well be submitted to the test of experi-
ment, were that possible ; for as yet we-
know nothing of the comparative pathology
of the disease. The fallacies attending the
research are very similar to those besetting
the investigation of cancer. Both diseases
are widely spread, run a slow course, have
few distinctive signs in the earliest stages,
and have an absolutely unknown incubation
period. Leprosy, however, is associated
with the presence of a bacillus which has
been found in the milk of suckling women
who are affected with the disease as well as
in the usual lesions.
The book contains many maps showing
the distribution of leprosy in different parts
of the world, both now and in past times.
There is also an interesting account of the
leper houses in Great Britain and Ireland.
These shelters attained their maximum off
usefulness in the fourteenth century. Some
of them afterwards received the blind, when
lepers had become scarce ; whilst others,
like "The Spital " at Kingsland and "The
Lock " in Kent Street, Southwark, lingered
on late into the eighteenth century as isola-
tion hospitals to the great mother hospital
of St. Bartholomew.
The Edinburgh Stereoscopic Atlas of Ana-
tomy. Section III. Edited by David Water-
ston. (T.C.& E.C.Jack.)— This section of the
'Stereoscopic Atlas' contains fifty-one views.
These — which are stereoscopic photographs,,
as in the earlier sections — maintain the same
high standard of excellence, and it woidd
be difficult indeed to improve upon them for
sharpness and clearness of detail. They have
been taken from specially prepared specimens,,
hardened in formalin to prevent distortion of
the various structures after dissection. Each
photograph is pasted on a card, on which is
printed a description with reference numbers.
Great care has been taken to ensure accuracy,
but, as we have already pointed out in a
notice of an earlier section of this work, we
do not think that for teaching purposes
anatomical preparations can be so well illus-
trated by photography as by carefully
executed drawings.
The Real Triumph of Japan : Hie Con-
quest of the Silent Foe. By L. L. Seaman.
(Sidney Appleton.) — The records of the last
two hundred years show that there has
rarely been a war of any duration in which
at least four men have not died of disease
for every one killed in action Our military
commanders have come to look upon typhus,
typhoid, and dysentery as indispensable*
concomitants of war, and, with character-
istic ignorance and contempt for hygiene,
have been content to let these scourges run
their course without proper attempts at pro-
phylaxis. The Japanese, as lately as 1894,
during the war with China, lost men from
disease in at least the usual proportion ; but
they learnt their lesson well, and in the
Russo-Japanese campaign in Manchuria
they achieved the astounding record of four
men killed for every soldier who died of
disease, and this in armies liable to be
decimated by beri-beri, though partly
immune to enteric fever.
Surgeon-Major Seaman, of the United
States army, gives an interesting account ot
the means by which this Splendid achieve-
ment was attained in the face of all obstacles.
His knowledge of the medical needs of an
army in the tield, and the peculiar privileges
granted him by the Japanese, who made
him a military attache, with passes to tin
extreme front in Mongolia, enable him to give
a very graphic account of t he medical servic.
in Nippon's army. The practical abolition
of disease was brought about by the applica-
tion of thoroughly scientific priuciplesw
Tdl
TH E ATI! KN\i:r M
N 4102, Jl-ne 9, 1906
dered po ible bj the hearty co-operation
of even one from the highest genera) to the
lowliest private, it -will be shameful if Euro-
pean nations make no attempl to emulate
<ln- Japaneae in this reepeol : but it is
to preaiol that in every campaign for yean
to come thousands of homes w ill !)'• darkened
)>\ the deaths of husbands, sons, and
brothers from causes which arc absolutely
Itreventible, and which the Japanese have
teen able to prevent. Burgeon-Major Sea-
man includes in his book a short account of
the history of medicine and medical educa-
tion in Japan, BS well as of the means by
which beri-beri was eradicated, tirst from
the navy, and afterwards from tho army,
hook is well illustrated with photographs
of the work of the army medical Bervioe in
Japan and, as a woeful contrast, in Cuba.
The Physiology of tht Nervous System. By
J. P. Morat. Authorized Rngliwb Edition.
Translated and edited by H. YV. Syers. With
263 Illustrations (GO in Colours). " (Constable
A Co.) — This volume deals at some length
with the most difficult part of modern
physiology — the nervous system. The pre-
sent state of our knowledge and the problems
to be solved are stated with the clearness
which generally characterizes the French
school of medicine. Dr. Syers has trans-
lated the text into good English, but he has
neglected to correct the mistaken spelling
of proper names which is a well-known
failing of French writers. The work is
disfigured, therefore, by such mistakes as
" Huglings Jackson " for Hughlings Jackson,
and " Schaffer " instead of Schafer for the
present Professor of Physiology in the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh. The index is hardly
sufficient ; and the illustrations are for the
most "'part taken from well-known sources.
These defects are only of minor importance,
for the text is a valuable addition to books
on physiology. It deals with subjects which
are often so condensed in modern hand-
books that students are unable to obtain
adequate knowledge without referring to
monographs. But monographs can only
be consulted where a good scientific library
is available, and it thus happens that the
majority of students are obliged to content
themselves with their lecture notes as a
supplement to the bald statements of even
the best English textbooks of physiology.
Here the physiology of the nervous system
and of the special senses is dealt with bio-
logically ; for Prof. Morat considers the
•developmental, anatomical (comparative as
well as human), histological, and purely
physiological aspects with a wealth of detail
which makes the book easy to read and easy
to remember. The bibliographies appended
to each division of the subject are very
serviceable, because they enable the reader
to follow up the literature of any subject
in which he may be specially interested.
Meals Medicinal, with " Herbal Simples "
{of Edible Parts) : Curative Foods from the
Cook; in place of Drugs from the Chemist. By
W. F. Fernie. (Bristol, John Wright & Co.)
— The title of this book fully explains its
scope ; it may be said to be a culinary
materia medica." Its object, as stated in
the Preface, is
" to instruct readers, whether medical or lay, how-
to choose meats and drinks which can afford
precisely the same remedial elements for effecting
Dures, as medicinal drugs have hitherto been relied
on to bring about."
This is a wide statement, but, although
it is exaggerated, there is ground for the
author's firm belief in the efficacy of diet in
the treatment and prevention of disease.
An immense number of articles of food and
drink are dealt with in alphabetical order
— an arrangement winch considerably facili-
tates lei ere nee. Tine alt icle eont Hill milch
(piaint folk-lore, and are filled with quotatii
mostly taken from English authors, often
unnec< warily. The article on ' Butter.' to
take the tirst example we came across, is
adorned with extracts from Lewis Carroll,
Dickens, Carlyle, Trollope, Thackeray, and
Lamb, not to mention others; and the
information it contains in rather more than
four pages is most mi a
The scientific value of the book cannot be
placed very high, and it is of no practical
use for the cook. With fewer quotations
from modern writers its bulk would have
been greatly lessened, and it would not
have Buffered materially.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL NOTES.
The life and work of Joseph Dombey,
ethnographical explorer in Peru, Chili, and
Brazil from 1778 to 178.r>, form the subject
of a recent work of M. Hainy.
M. 1 )eniker has stated that his recent obser-
vations have confirmed as generally applic-
able the empirical formula suggested thirty
years ago by Topinard, that the average
height of females of a race is 12 centimetres
=4? inches less than that of the males.
The death is announced of M. Lionel
Bonnemere, author of contributions to the
Society of Anthropology of Paris on pre-
historic subjects, and to the Society of Popu-
lar Traditions on the songs, customs, and
superstitions of Anjou (his native country)
and of Brittany. He had made a large
collection of rustic ornaments and of amulets.
Dr. Marcel Baudouin and M. G. Lacoulou-
mere have communicated to the Society of
Anthropology of Paris an account of their
discovery at Plessis au Bernard (Vendee) of
a fallen dolmen, called the Dolmen of the
Scaffold, and of their excavations and partial
reinstatement of it. The same authors have
communicated to the Prehistoric Society of
France an account of their discovery of a
megalithic structure at Morgaillon, and have
published a work on the prehistoric remains
at Apremont, both in the same department.
Dr. W. J. McGee, the Director of the St.
Louis Public Museum, who spent some time
last year in an adventurous exploration of
South-Western Arizona, has read before the
Medical Society of Missouri a paper on desert
thirst as disease, containing particulars of a
remarkable case of recovery of a patient
who had been reduced to an apparently
hopeless condition by several days' suffering.
The establishment at the University of
Oxford of a diploma in anthropology, and
the syllabus of the subject for examination
drawn up by Prof. Tylor's committee, are
commented upon by Mr. C. H. Bead in Man
for April. He also refers to the fact that
the Senate of the University of London have
authorized the addition of archaeology to the
list of subjects in which tho B.A. honours
degree and the M.A. degree may be taken,
and have propounded a scheme of curricula
in archaeology. He alludes in this connexion
to the irreparable, and even incalculable,
losses which science has suffered owing to the
misdirected zeal of excavators, the excellence
of whose intentions has far surpassed their
qualifications.
The part of Archcrologia issued to the
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries for the
present year includes Dr. Arthur J. Evans's
treatise ( 1 7'2 pages, illustrated by 147 figures)
on the prehistoric tombs of Cnossus. The
work is divided into two parts, the first
relating to the cemetery of Zafer Papoura,
with a comparative note on a chamber-tomb
at Milatos explored by the author in 1899.
The cemetery appears to belong to the Bronze
The second part relates to th< royal
tomb at Isopata, in which many ol
peat i • ' • red.
Dr. I include* that i U to •
period contemporary with the <|..-e of
middle empire m Egypt. At a late stage
it became a common burial-pit. I
-' -rihed and figured
b\ Mr. I). I
Mr. \V. Innes Pocock has contributed x<>
Folk-Inn a description of the game of eat'i
cradle (-Jn pages, illustrated i.\ \H I
He is able to distinguish nine met!
playing the game, with many variatione
those methods, it is played in Japan and
Kon
The Journal of the Royal St a'
contains two important papers of which the
anthropologist should take account. The
first is on the decline of human fertility in
the United Kingdom and other countries,
shown by corn cted birtl
i)v. A. Newsholme and Dr. T. I i
son ; the second is on the chang< - in
marriage- and birth-rate- in I. and
Wales during the past half century, with an
inquiry as to their probable causes, and is
by Mr. G. Cdny Yule.
SO [ETIES.
Geological. — May 23. — Mr. R. s. Henries,
V.P., in the chair. — The following communi
were read: ' On the Importance of Halimeda as a
Reef-forming Organism, with a Descripl
Halimeda Limestones of the New Hebridi
Messrs. F. Chapman and D. Mawson. — ' Notes on
the Genera Omospira, Lophospira, and Turritoma;
with Descriptions of New Species,' by Mi-
Donald. — The Rev. H. H. Winwood exhibited a
series of water-colour drawings of Mexican -
executed by Miss A. C. Breton during a recent
visit to Mexico, and representing the line of active
and extinct volcanoes which stretches from the
Gulf of Mexico on the east to the Pacific 0
the west, including Orizaba, Popocatepetl, Jurullo.
and Colima. — Prof. H. J. Johnston-Lavis exhibited
upwards of forty lantern-slide views, to illustrate
the late eruption of Vesuvius and its effects.
Nearly all were taken by the exhibitor, who
explained the different phenomena portrayed.
PHTBrcAL. — May 2"\ — Dr. C. Cbree, V.l'.. in the
chair.— A paper on ' Colour Phenomena in Photo-
metry" was read by Mr. J. S. Dow.— Ml
Skinner described an ' Automatic Arc - lamp '
exhibited by Mr. H. Tomlinson and the Re
Job
Coil
was read by Prof. H. A. Wilson. — Mr. A. (.'amp-
hell exhibited a ' Bifilar Galvanometer free from
Zero Creep.'
hnston. — A paper on 'The Theory of Moving
>il and other Kinds of Ballistic Galvanomet
Hi menu. — Muy 29. — Prof. Lewis Campbell,
V.P., in the chair. — Mr. Horace Sandars read a
paper descriptive of a collection of pre-Roman
bronze votive objects from I1 .in
Spain. The collection was on view. and. with it*
affinities, was ako illustrated by lantern-olid
The objects comprised representations of the
human figure, in many instances of pureh
perfunctory workmanship, while in others
details were carefully elaborated : some equestrian
statuettes of considerable artistic merit j portions
of the human body dedicated — in accordance with
a linage with which we arc familiar in classical,
medieval, and modern times— as thank-otic:
for recovery from sickness; and, probably to
taken in connexion with thes< . -live
surgical instruments. The ethnological '■■
these objects was interesting. The inthieiv <
Greeoe had reached primitive Spain by two ro
— southwards from Massilia, and northwards, by
the so-called Phoenician trade routes, from G*
To a local school of art. modified by one or l>oth
of these channels, and suited to what was then, as
now. ■ mining population, these bronze
should be attributed. But apart from their in-
trinsic interest and their ethnological bearing, the
N°4102, June 9, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
705
collection from Despenaperros threw light on a
work of first importance— the remarkable head
found at Elche, the Iberian city of Ihci, now in
the Louvre. This head, from the extraordinary
elaboration of the coiffure, with its huge ear-disks
and profusion of necklaces dependent from it,
produces a quite unfamiliar impression on the
student of Greek art on Greek soil. But its un-
hesitating acceptance by the Louvre authorities
and by the savants who have done most work in
the field of early Iberian art— MM. Pierre Paris
and Heuzey may be cited— has received fresh con-
firmation by the little figures from Despenaperros.
These, which are themselves of undoubted
antiquity, unquestionably reproduce, when due
allowance has been made for the difference of
material and an altogether lower standard of
execution, the details in the Louvre marble which
have hitherto been regarded as unique.— In the
subsequent discussion the Chairman and Mr. Cecil
Smith took part. The latter considered it doubtful
whether the influence on Western Europe generally
called Plvenician might not really be more directly
Ionian. He congratulated Mr. Sandars on the
side-light he had been able to throw on the Paris
head, though the genuineness of that work had
never been, in his judgment, matter of doubt.
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Institute of Actuaries. 5.— Annual Meeting.
Royal Institution, S.— General Monthly Meeting.
Society of Engineers, 1.30.—' Submarine Groyning, Mr. G. O.
Case. _ _
Aristotelian. 8.— Paper by Dr. G. F. Stout.
Geographical, 8.30.— 'The Geography of the Indian Ocean, Mr.
J. S. Gardiner. , _ ... .
Colonial Institute, 8. — ' The Development of our British
African Empire,' Mr. Lionel Decle.
Anthropological Institute, 8.15. — 'Two Years among the
Akikuyu of British East Africa,' Mi. W. s. Routledge.
Dante. 3.30.— 'The Companionship of Dante,' Rev. J. P. Hogan
Geological, 8.—' Recumbent Folds produced as a Result of
Flow ' Prof. W. Johnson Sollas ; ' The Crag of Iceland— an In-
tercalation in the Basalt Formation,' Dr. Helgi Pjetursson.
Tuiiis. Royal, 4.30.
Mox.
Tens.
Wed.
Sfcuna (Sosstp.
The ranks of American geologists have
recently been thinned by the death of two
professors, whose writings are well known
in this country. Prof. Nathaniel Southgate
Shaler, of Harvard, who lias passed away
at the age of sixty-five, having been born on
February 22nd, 1841, was at one time
Director of the Geological Survey of Ken-
tucky, his native state. At Harvard he
was professor at first of palaeontology, and
afterwards of geology. Among his numerous
works, the ' Aspects of the Earth ' is perhaps
the best known in England ; but his writings
were by no means confined to geology and
physical geography. Sociological studies
engaged his attention, and works entitled
' The Individual,' ' The Citizen,' and ' The
Neighbor ' proceeded from his prolific pen
— the last named dealing with the problem
of the Jew and the negro in American society.
With the view of proving that devotion to
scientific work does not necessarily lead to
the loss of imaginative power, lie composed,
when upwards of sixty years of age, a
dramatic romance in five volumes, entitled
' Elizabeth of England.'
The death of Prof. Israel Cook Russell,
of the University of Michigan, lias occurred
at the age of fifty-throe. For many years
he was attachod to the Geological Survey
of the Unitod States, and it was as one of
the Survey monographs that he published
his well-known work on Lake Lahontan.
This was the name given by him to an ancient
body of water in Nevada, which, though
now passed away, must have had in the
Quaternary period an area of nearly 8,600
square milos. Prof. Russell was the author
of ti 'i i" of works on the ( Maciers, the Lakes,
the Rivers, and the Volcanoes of North
America. His ' River Development ' ap-
n, ncd in this country in "The Progressive
Science Series."
Bomb curious rather than important
corrections have resulted from the recent.
inquiry into the work and methods of the
Indian Survey Department. One result is
the discoverv that India has been placed
600 feet too far north, and 2£ miles too far
east, on the globe's surface. Many altitudes
havo been found to be out from 5 to 3d feet ;
and Mount Everest, which was allowed only
29,002 feet, is now admitted to be entitled
to 29 141. The error in placing India too
far east might produce some inconvenient
results with regard to the true position of
any boundary pillars on either the western
or the eastern frontier.
Among recent Parliamentary Papers is
the Sixteenth Report of the Astronomer
Royal for Scotland, 1905-6 (Ad.).
The small planet which was photographic-
ally discovered by Prof. Max Wolf at Heidel-
berg on February 22nd proves to be one of
exceptional interest. Prof. Berberich, after
computing its elliptic orbit, finds that its
mean distance from the sun is 5-25 which
slightly exceeds that of Jupiter (5'20), so
that it is the outermost of all the small planets
hitherto known. The eccentricity of the
orbit being 0-168, the aphelion distance
from the sun amounts to 6-151, exceeding
that of Jupiter by about the distance of the
earth from the sun. Prof. Berberich also
points out that two supposed discoveries
announced by the same astronomer on
November 21st and December 23rd, 1902,
relate to the same planet. Permanent
numbers and names have now been assigned
to eight others, all discovered by Herr Gotz
at Heidelberg— four in 1904 and four m 1905.
The first four, detected on July 18th,
October 3rd, and October 14th (two) 1904
are numbered 538, 545, 547, and 548, and
named Friederike, Messalina, Praxechs and
Cressida respectively. The last four found
on January 8th, April 6th May 9th, and
May 28th, 1905, are numbered 55b, 563, 5o4,
and 567, and named Phyllis, Suleika, Dudu,
and Eleutheria respectively.
The latest determination (by Herr Ebell)
of the orbit of Kopff's comet (6, 1906) shows
that it is remarkable for its great perihelion
distance from the sun (3-33 in terms of the.
earth's mean distance), which is exceeded
by that of only one known comet. The
ephemeris, also computed, enabled Prof.
Wolf to find that the comet had been regis-
tered on a photographic plate taken at
Heidelberg on January 14th, 1905, more
than a year before the discovery.
FINE ARTS
The Royal Academy of Arts : a Complete
Dictionary of Contributors and^ their
Work from its Foundation in 1769 to
1904. By Algernon Graves. Vol. V.
(H. Graves and Bell & Sons.)
Not the least important feature about
this great undertaking is the remarkably
prompt manner in which each quarterly
volume is issued. Mr. Graves, indeed,
is usually ahead of his time, a virtue which
can be claimed for very few single-handed
tasks of similar magnitude. In spite of
the rapidity of issue, there is no trace of
" scamping," editorial or typographical,
so that this * Complete Dictionary' will
remain an enduring monument, not only
of the editor's sustained industry, but also
of the resources and good taste of the
Chiswick Press.
Mr. Graves's fifth volume extends from
Lawrence to Nye, and thus includes two
lone* letters. It comprises the exhibits of
three Presidents of the Royal Academy
—Lawrence, Leighton, and Millais. It
will be generally conceded that the most
interesting of these three sections is that
relating to Lawrence, whose exhibits
extend from 1787 to 1830. This entry,
however, has not the charm of novelty,
for it was contributed by Mr. Graves to
the volume on 'Romney and Lawrence
in the late Mr. Joseph Cundall's " Great
Artists" Series, published by Messrs.
Sampson Low & Co. in 1889. In one case,
at least, the compiler's addition has not
been happy; the 1788 'Portrait of a
Gentleman ' originally appeared as ' Mr.
Dance,' but is now qualified to Mr.
Dance or Dansie ' ; but there can be little
or no doubt that it represented George
Dance, R.A., one of the original members
of the Academy, whose portrait of Law-
rence himself is now in the possession of
that body.
Lawrence's portrait of Lady Emily
Hobart as Juno, 1794, No. 173 (nothing
is said by Mr. Graves about her being
represented as Juno), recalls the case of
Whistler v. Eden. Anthony Pasqum
condemned this portrait, and described
the face as " chalky and sickly," with the
result that the family refused to take the
picture. We think that ' Mr. Loch, the
Antiquary,' of 1790, No. 19, would be
more correctly described as William Locke
(1732-1810), the well-known art amateur
and collector, of whom a notice appears
in the ' D.N.B.,' and of whose son, Mr.
Locke, Junr.,' Lawrence exhibited a
portrait in the Academy of the following
year. We have a note to the effect that
the ' General Officer ' of 1790, No. 103,
was General Pattison ; but Mr. Graves,
who may be correct, gives the name as
General Paterson. 'Lady Hamilton ot
Naples,' whose portrait as 'A Lady ot
Fashion as La Penserosa ' was in the 1 HM
Academy, was, of course, the fatuous wife
of Sir William Hamilton. The ' J. Kemble
of 1800 and 1801 would be better described
as ' J. P. Kemble.' There is a great temp-
tation to linger over the nine columns
devoted to Lawrence, for nearly every
entry is an "actuality" to-day almost
as much as it was at the time of exhibition
In one column we come across the beautiful
Miss Croker, who died only the other day.
elsewhere we meet with such familiar
names as Cowper, Warren Hastings, Sir
Humphry Davy, the Duke of Welhngton,
Walter Scott, Southey, and so forth.
Passing on to the other names, we come
to that of Mr. B. W. Leader, who has been
an exhibitor for over half a century,
having first contributed as B. Wilhams.
His earliest Academy picture, Cottage
Child blowing Bubbles,' was (we learn
from other sources) bought by Mr. Currie,
of Philadelphia, for 50*. The Mrs. R. Lee
who exhibited at the L843 Academy was
Sarah Wallis, who married first 1 Iv
Bowdich, and secondly Richard Lee.
She was well known in her day as a
novelist, traveller, and author. Dtie
Misa Lee of 1844 6 was the daughtei (or
granddaughter) of James Lee whose
nursery at Hammersmith (the address of
706
TH E A Til KNittUM
N 4102, Junk 9, 1906
1 lie exhibitor in i be < iatalogti for
i in\ yean one of the horticultural eights
of London, m irere tho te ol I be Lodd
at li:t( kn<\ (see / /" Mi" mi inn, Kobiu.i i \
18th, L899) and the Rollissons a< Tooting.
It u c in n.iis to note Francis I ■
ranked m b " painter (he exhibited two
pioturee only : one in l~(.»t>. and the other
in 1800), tor li«' is now remembered
m an engraver. Be did much excellent
work for the Boydells, the founders of the
buaineea still continued by Mi. Graves
and his partners.
Lord Leighton, who was exhibiting
from 1865 to 1896, towers above the four
other exhibitors of the Bame Burname, in
connexion with one of whom Mr. Graves
has, excusably enough, perpetrated a
" double.'' The " Luke Limner " of the
Academy of L854 (p. 62), and tlie "•John
Leighton " of the Academy of 1858 (p. 33),
in both instances described as a "" stained-
glass painter," are the same person. Mr.
Leighton was one of the original pro-
prietors of The Graphic, and has done
much work as a book-illustrator ; he is a
man of many accomplishments, and has of
late years renewed his youth as a vice-
president of the Ex-Libris Society.
There are fewer continental artists
recorded in this volume than in some of
its predecessors. We should like to have
had more definite particulars about the
sculptor " Le Masson " (p. 35), who in
1790 exhibited a bust of Sir William
Chambers and two medallions of two Miss
Chambers : he is described simply as
" R.A. of Paris." J. Bastien - Lepage
exhibited from 1878 to 1880, and one of
his four pictures was a portrait of the Prince
of Wales. The 1878 portrait of Madame
Lebegue is, by the way, interesting as
being the only full-length life-size portrait
ever painted by this artist, and is generally
regarded as one of his best achievements ;
it lias been frequently reproduced, notably
in The Portfolio monograph on Bastien-
Lepage. L. A. Lhermitte, another French
artist, was irregularly exhibiting at the
Academy from 1872 to 1881, and was
presumably a friend of Mr. and Mrs.
Edwards, as his London address in 1880-
1881 was the same as that of Fantin-Latour,
viz., 2(\ Golden Square. The cross-
reference under Lieb to ' Munkatsy '
(p. 61) is an error for Munkacsy, which
is correctly printed on p. 325 : this
distinguished artist exhibited only
twice at the Royal Academy — in 1880
and 1882.
One of the many minor points in con-
nexion with the annals of art revealed in
this volume refers to Richard Livesay, the
portrait painter, who is described by Mr.
Austin Dobson in his monograph
on Hogarth as lodging with Mrs.
Hogarth in Leicester Square (at that time
known as Leicester Fields) " in 1781-82";
as a matter of fact he appears to have
lodged here from 1777 to 1783. He was
an engraver as well as a painter, and Mrs.
Hogarth's letters to Lord Charlemont,
requesting him to allow Livesay to engrave
her husband's picture 'The Lady's Last
Stake ' (now in Mr. Pierpont Morgan's
collection), were only published a few
ream ago. The request, however, came
to nothing. Livesa\'s addn - in 1 77 *>,
the date of his tilst a ppeai alii ■•• at the
Royal Academy, was al Mr. Spilburj
from whom he doubtless learnt the art of
engraving. Samuel Lysons(p. 121) would
perhaps be more accurately described B
an "architectural artist than as a
"painter," for, with one exception, hi'
exhibits from 17*."> to lsol axe of BOCle-
siastieal monuments. The Samuel L<
K.H.A., who was exhibiting at the Academy
from 1832 to 1862, is the author of
' Handy Andy.' All the exhibits of Lov< C
were apparently miniatures ; Mr. Graves
cannot be regarded as an authority on
Irish novels and novelists, or he would not
have copied the Academy Catalogue's
ul,\ ions blunder of 1843, No. 735, ' Charles
Lover, Esq. (Harry Lorrequer) ' : "Lover"
clearly should be Lever. A reference
to the ' Dictionary of National Biography '
would have informed Mr. Craves that the
Christian name of the medallist " J.
Milton " (p. 259) was John. Masquerier's
1809 exhibit, ' W. Hastings, Esq.,' is of
course the portrait of the great Proconsul,
engraved by T. Watson, and presented
to the Oriental Club in 1815.
The Morland entries are among the many
interesting ones in the present volume.
They occupy less than two columns, Ceorge
exhibiting from 1773 to 1804, whilst his
father Henry Robert sent eight works from
1771 to 1792. Mr. Graves's notes to both
Henry Robert and Maria Morland appear
to us to be superfluous. There can be no
reasonable doubt about the Academy
exhibits of 1779-92 being those of Henry
Robert Morland — the " Henry Morland,
Junior," must be a creation of Mr. R.
Richardson's imagination ; nor can there
be any doubt about the Maria Morland of
1785-6 being the daughter of Henry R.
Morland and the sister of George ; she
married William Ward in August, 1786.
In the ' Dictionary of National Biography '
Mr. Monkhouse was simply copying from
previous writers when he described her
as George Morland's mother, of whom all
we know, or are likely to know, is that
she was a Frenchwoman.
A long list might be drawn up from this
volume alone of artists whose appearances
at the Academy averaged half a century.
John Linnell apparently comes first in
this direction, for he was represented from
1807 to 1881— for the first forty years
almost exclusively by portraits, and after-
wards almost entirely by genre subjects.
F. C. Lewris was exhibiting from 1802 to
1853 ; J. F. Lewis from 1821 to 1877 ;
Lennard Lewis from 1848 to 1898 ; G. D.
Leslie from 1857 to 1904 ; and Millais
from 1846 to 1896.
We have not by any means exhausted
the many and varied points of interest
suggested by the perusal of Mr. Graves's
new volume ; but to do so would double
the length of this notice. One point, how-
ever, must not be overlooked, and that
is the predominance of Macs in this volume.
The Scotch have their full share of the
Royal Academy as they have of other
positions of honour and emolument.
( hum
( Inn lea Herbert Moore.
I ■ .-. companion volume t<> t .•
\ 'eiopmenfl sod Character "i Gothic Archi-
tecture' by tin- siinif author. At a t.
when it to admire equally all
periods of architectural work, with i:'
filiation of fir-t principh
ing to crime across an author insisting tl
fine architecture must be structurally truth-
ful. His position much that
Kuskin, and ho adopts his attitude ■
ment approval of ever} thing (iothic, .
"i course disapproval of tl
Bo we have here a study, both lucid and
critical, of Renaissance architecture by
one who may almost I"- classed as an a\ owed!
enemy, without sympathy for the oiii:- and
aspirations of the Renaissance architer
while the shifts and inconsistencies to which
they were forced, in the attempt to apply
the classic details of Imperial Home t.
totally different buildings of their own tit
find in him a stern accuser.
An exceedingly interesting -tudy it is-
While it is short — some 250 pages — it
conveys the impression of thoroughm
In no sense a history of the period, it is an
attempt to set forth its true character, and
a thoroughly genuine and individual p
of work. In the interesting Introduction
the author claims that much that was best
in the Renaissance epoch was in reality
derived from the conditions prevailing in the
.Middle Ages, especially in the cultivation of
literature, philosophy, and the fine arts in
the monasteries, and the rise of the great
communal organizations. He says : —
'• The fine arts are always an expression of the
historical antecedents, the intellectual, moral, and
material conditions, and the religions 1-
the peoples and epochs to which they belong."
Though the idea here conveyed may
now almost be looked on as a truism, it needs
insisting on in the case of the Renaissance,
which, it is too often assumed, derived its
impulse entirely from the study of ancient
authors and buildings, combined with the
desire for scientific knowledge and freedom
from corrupt ecelesiasticism. A little farther
on he discusses the growth of individualism,
in art : —
" A building of the Renaissance is thus al\\
the product < f the fancy of a particular designer,
as a building of the Middle Aires is not. But
architecture of the highest excellence can hardly
he produced by an individual working inde-
pendently. The noblest architecture of the past
has always bean an evolution of a people, the joint
product of many minds, and the natural expieuuii n
of many conditions."
This is only partly true of the Renaissance,
but has been becoming increasingly true
of architecture ever since. Renaissance
architects were all striving together after
the same ideal, and though scholarship
largely took the place of experiment,
unity of aim maintained during a long period
did produce a national Style, " the joint
product of many minds."
We do not propose to follow the author
through his criticisms of the work of the-
various schools. It is easy enough to find
reasons to condemn on fundamental principles
almost everything produced by the architects
of his special period. He is at his best when
tracing the genesis and development of the
dome in such architecture. The t\w>
chapters on the domes of Florence and Rome
are as good as they covdd be. He is
evidently greatly interested in the subject
himself, and consequently, in considering
them both as to structure and affect, he
brings to bear a grasp of the subject which.
combined with clearness of expression and
good illustrations, conveys a vivid impression.
N°4102, June 9, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
707
The get-up of the book is satisfactory.
The illustrations in the text are from wood-
cuts or line drawings, while the photographs
are confined to separate plates. This is
far preferable to mixing them in the text.
There are one or two misprints. Mr.
Reginald Blomfield's name is misspelt four
times, while Giuliana da San Gallo is spelt
on another page " de San Gallo." The
author repeats the surprising opinion he
expressed in the earlier volume that there
was no true Gothic art outside France ; but
he has very little praise for French Renais-
sance work. Of Inigo Jones he also has a
very poor opinion, but Wren compels his
admiration, if only as a good " engineer."
English Domestic Architecture of the Seven-
teenth and Eighteenth Century. By Horace
Field and Michael Bunney. (Bell & Sons.)
— It has been the design of the authors of
this book to set forth, by picture, plan, and
description, a number of examples of
Renaissance minor buildings in England in
the period preceding the revival of the Gothic
style. Pugin, as they point out, fiercely
assailed the neo-Gothic and the classic
revivals, and sought inspiration in " the
•spirit and principles of pointed architec-
ture." But they ask why it was necessary,
in a resumption of tradition, to go so far
back as mediaeval times. The Renaissance
entered into the mood and spirit of English
architecture, and during the period in which
the style reigned it was truly native and
national. The enthusiasm of Messrs. Field
and Bunney has led to the compilation of a
volume which has exacted diligence and
taste and time. It is evident that they have
an ideal, and would like it accepted to-day.
They say : —
•" Surely never in the history of England was
there a style which demanded less rigid uniformity,
and as this is an age < f free thought, it should suit
sis best."
The development of Renaissance architecture
■was prematurely arrested in the eighteenth
•century. "Is it impossible to revive and
irein vigor ate it ? "
The numerous illustrations of Renaissance
buildings are calculated to make one sym-
pathetic. The meie procession of plates,
exhibiting handsome and comfortable houses
with the picturesqueness of age, is convincing
in itself; it has the effect of persuasion. The
authors have measured, drawn, and photo-
graphed houses over a wide area of the
country, and have added notes to assist
the eye. The book should be valuable to
architects, and to all who are interested in
our domestic architecture.
The Cathedrals of England and Wales.
Part I. (Cassell & Co.) — Messrs. Cassell
& Co. are now producing, in cheap fort-
nightly parts, a well - illustrated quarto
account of the cathedral churches of Eng-
land and Wales. The letterpress gives some
account of the history of the fabric and its
associations, and the scheme also provides
for architectural description. The first
part, containing thirty-two pages, embraces
the story of Canterbury Cathedral, and the
•opening description of York Minster. The
scope of the ill ust rations can be realized
•from the fact that those of Canterbury
anclude — in addition to a ground plan and
a sixteenth-century map of the city — four
full-page plates and twenty-seven smaller
pictures. The let t erpress is. on the whole,
nrefully done and up to date. Dr. Cox's
work on Canterbury, issued in 1!M).~), is cited
Pal times. To judge from the first part,
this publication promises to be one of
genuine value; it is no mere dressing up of
old material and hackneyed views.
Costume, on Brauee. By Herbert Druitt.
(De La More Press.) — The main interest of
this manual of costume as illustrated by
monumental brasses centres in the plates,
which are one hundred and ten in number.
These, like Martial's own estimate of his
epigrams, may be divided into good, bad,
and indifferent, with a decided predominance
of the last of these three classes. Among
the few good ones may be ranked the effigies
of Sir Thomas Brook and his wife Joan, 1437,
from Thorncombe, Devon ; the bracket
brass of John Strete, 1405, from Upper
Hardres, Kent ; and the mural brass to
William Strachleigh and his wife and
daughter, 1583, from Ermington, Devon.
The frontispiece deserves commendation ;
it is a photogravure (the only one in the book)
giving the famous effigies of Sir John D'Auber-
noun, 1277, and Sir John D'Aubernoun,
1327, from Stoke D'Abernon. The details,
also, from the Hastings brass at Elsing,
Norfolk, from photographs taken by Mr.
E. M. Beloe, jun., come out with much
clearness.
The old way of collecting examples of
brass costumes was by means of heel-ball
rubbings, a process still followed by not a
few enthusiasts ; the later method is by
photography, which necessitates (save for
mural instances) a considerable degree of
ingenuity in the arrangement of the camera.
The risk in the latter case — unless much
care is taken, and unless there is a
legitimate amount of touching up afterwards
— is that the brass itself is almost lost sight
of amid the unseemly roughness or worn
surface of the paving stone to which it is
affixed. Instances of this occur in the very
unsatisfactory plates opjjosite pp. 95, 96,
105, and 142, as well as in several other cases.
A preparatory and harmless treatment of
the brass, with which most competent photo-
graphers, whether amateur or professional,
are acquainted, would also have saved
several of Mr. Druitt's photographic pictures
from being spoilt by the glossy surface of
the actual effigy.
Again, the care required to produce a
good heel-ball rubbing of a brass for repro-
duction is by no means inconsiderable; and
in some instances, notably on the plates
opposite pp. 1S4 and 290, inferior rubbings
have been used.
It would have been far better if a smaller
selection of characteristic examples of each
period and style had been chosen, and
greater trouble taken with their reproduction.
As it is, there are about ton plates which in
no way illustrate any phase of costume or
armour. Most of the well-known examples
appear again ; but we look in vain, par-
ticularly amongst those of later date, for
remarkable specimens that are to be found
in seldom-visited churches.
Collectors will, however, be glad to have
this book, on account of the lists of
brasses which illustrate particular details ;
these are a great advance on those given in
Haines's manual. The text concerning
ecclesiastical and academical costume has
been compiled with much care and accuracy.
The volume will also be of value as a general
book of roference on the subject.
Stanhope A. Forbes. A. L\ A., and Elizabeth
Stanhope Forbes, A.R.W.S. By Mrs. Lionel
Birch. (Cassell cV Co.) — The genera] utility
of monographs on living artists, or at am
rate on those who are still in their productive
period, is perhaps somewhat open to question.
The time is not ripe for a biography, and the
materials for a critical estimate are not full}'
fori hcoming. Moreover, t he work is usually.
though not invariably, written from the
Standpoint of personal friendship, and this
is apt to preclude the full independence
necessary for critical judgment, for which
laudations of personal comity offer a verj
ineffective substitute. At best the result is
biographical up to a point, and by the
intimacy of the knowledge which it displays
it may serve as useful material for the future
historian. This is the case with the present
work, which contains a concise and inter-
esting record, pleasantly tempered by
anecdote, of the lives and various works of
the two painters of whom it treats.
Mrs. Birch's accotmt of the beginnings of
the Newlyn School serves to recall the ancient-
legendary connexion of Brittany with Corn-
wall. It was at the village of Pancale, near
St. Malo, that Mr. Forbes, in conjunction
with Mr. La Thangue — each fresh from a
term of study in Paris — first attempted to
develope and practise the principles of out-
door painting. Circumstances brought about
a change of scene, but the guiding influences
remained unchanged, and the work of the
Newlyn School may be said to be an offshoot
of French realism. Mrs. Birch speaks of
the impression made upon Mr. Forbes when
in Paris by the work of Bastien Lepage,
and Mr. Forbes would seem also to have
studied specially the art of Courbet, whose
' Enterrement a Ornans ' ranks as perhaps
the most impressive example of that school
of realistic genre to which the work of the
English painter belongs. To their principles
and influence he has remained iaithful, as
he has likewise to the village of Newlyn.
Others have sojourned there for a season,
but the name would now call up only the
memory of a row of moving tents, were it
not for the continued presence and work of
Mr. and Mrs. Stanhope Forbes.
Mrs. B'rch gives a brief but admirable
survey of the circumstances relating to the
production of the more noteworthy of his
pictures, such as ' The Health of the Bride '
and ' Forging the Anchor.' The volume is
well illustrated, eight of the reproductions
being in colour, and the remainder in half-
tone—the most entirely satisfactory of the
latter being some of the slight and delicate
outline sketches by Mrs. Stanhope Forbes,
which seem to us more effective in reproduc-
tion than the larger compositions.
The National Gallery : The Flemish
School. With an Introduction by Frederick
Wedmore. (Newnes.) — Messrs. Newnes are
extending the original scheme of their well-
known " Art Library " by issuing in it a
number of volumes containing representative
plates of the various different schools in the
great national collections, together with
critical introductions. The idea is excellent,
and the fulfilment of it should be of distinct
value to the student. It is, for example,
extremely useful to have such a work as the
present at hand to refer to when visiting
the exhibition of Flemish art now on view
at the Guildhall. The utility of the volumes
would, however, be much increased if the
quality of the reproductions were improved.
The misty and blurred effect of some examples
in the present volume causes them to fail
altogether to suggest the delicacy of the
originals. This is especially the case with
Memtinc's 'Virgin and Child Enthroned'
and Gheeraerl David's 'Mystical Marriage
of St. Catherine.1 In others the contrasts
of light and shade are much exaggerated.
In the plate of Mi. Salting's portrait by
Bartholomaus Bruyn the exquisitely worked
collar of the vest is invisible, as the result,
apparently, <>f too long exposure : and in
that of Rubens's ' Peace and War * the
masterly modelling <>f the figures has Buffered
the same- fate. The plate of the 'Chapeau
de Poil ' is too dark in its shadow- and halt"
lights, and conveys no Suggestion of tin-
intense clearness of the flesh tints.
Mr. Wedmore's Introduction is not an
altogether favourable specimen of his power
'IKS
Til E ATI! EN .i:r M
N U03, Ji m '■», 1906
us m writer on mi. Tim , it contain* some
very apposite criticisms, bul then art intei
-|iisril with somewhat captious digi
I ■ i mint « it h the other port ion of t he
k leaves something to be desired. The
'Man's Portrait ' bj Jan van Eyck, dated
ii , i ■: w hiih Mr Wedmore states u
\ words thai it is not reproduced, is
actually the first < » t" the pistes which follow.
In Rpeaking of the ' Chapeau de 1'oil ' he
ol erves in a parenthesis, "The 'Chapeau
i!i Paille ' it has been called absurdly in the
by no means remote past." The error is in
fact perpetuated on |>. xxiii, in the lisl of
Flemish pictures in the National Gailerj ;>
well as on the plate itself, ol which the
titl. is ' Portrait of Susanne Fourment,
known ;' - the " Chapeau de Paille."
COINS.
( oin Types, their Origin and Developrm nt :
being the Rhind Lectures for 1904. By
George Macdonald, J.L.I). (Glasgow, Mac-
Lehose & Sons.) — One of the most difficult
questions in Greek antiquities is the inter-
pretation of types, and the state of affairs
is not unlike that which prevailed in Homeric
criticism after the publication of Wolf's
" Prolegomena.' For generations interpre-
tation followed the same general lines: it
v,.'- mystical, religious, and allusive. Then
le the iconoclast, who threw everything
into the melting-pot, proposing a new-
solution, which shocked the older school
ami raised loud clamours of disapproval.
By-and-by the new leaven began to leaven
the lump ; exaggerations were pruned off,
improvements were suggested, and the world
settled down to something like a com-
promise. It is probably not far from the
truth to say that scholars are now much
less inclined than formerly to interpret Greek
art on a mystical principle. In the matter
of coin types the innovator was Prof. Ridge-
way, whose brilliant work on the 'Origin
of Coin and Weight Standards ' threw a flood
of it w light upon the question, as our
readers know. Prof. Ridgeway, without
denying altogether the religious element,
set about to connect the types of coins with
the units of value which preceded coins —
the ox, the measure of corn, the tunny fish,
the axe, the tripod, and so forth. These
units of value differed in different places.
But, although this principle did excellent
service by sweeping away allegorical and
sophisticated explanations, and by sub-
stituting an explanation in itself reasonable
and simple, so much was left unexplained
that it was clear that there was work yet
to be done. For example, if we may
assume that a certain coin bearing the de\ ice
o! an ox represented the value of the ox in
silver, we might expect to find that thede\ ice
of half an ox would represent half the value.
But this is not so : sometimes the half device
is found on coins of a higher value than those
bearing the whole device.
Dr. Macdonald comes before us with a
in w explanation. lie has observed that
there is no difference in principle between
the coin types and the marks which are
frequently used to denote the magistrates
who struck them. Often, in fact, the very
same types are used for both ; and to put
the matter briefly, he regards these marks as
derived from seals, coins being pieces of
metal of fixed quality and weight sealed by
some responsible person who vouches for
the quality and weight.
The beauty of this explanation is that
it at once makes intelligible the enormous
variety of these designs. If the object of
seals was to distinguish their owners, they
must obviously have been man} in number,
and the} ma} have been chosen on many
different principles. An exhaustive i
mination ot the devices on Greek shields
<h closes the fact that a large number ol
them appear to !»• arbitrary, and the
<li lignB, whether or not they were the same
.1 ih" i on (lie owners' private seals, win
at any rate chosen tor the same r 0(11101
governed the choice of magistrates' mail.
NO doubt then- was a reason for their choice ;
but there is often nothing to show what
that reason was. Others, again, are "cant-
ing symbols," forming a pun on the owner's
name, or the like. Again, it si cms occasion-
ally as if the symbol chosen was some-
thing connected with a god, the owner's
name being also connected etymologically
with the name of that god, or his family
connected with its worship.
What is true of the individual is true
of the State. The city name sometimes
recalled the name of some common object,
as Rhodes ; and the coin type of this city is
the rose. Others, again, might be indicated
by some device which would recall them
at once to any who saw it. A city
famous for any given worship might have
the image of the god who was the object
of that worship, as Athens with the image
of Athena or her favourite owl. It might
be some local legend that the types repre-
sented. Such are the coins of Pheneus,
which show a head of Artemis on the obverse
and a horse feeding on the reverse — alluding
to the story that Odysseus lost his mares,
and searched ior them all over Greece until
he found them at this place, where, in grati-
tude, he founded a sanctuary of Artemis.
Many of the devices which puzzle us may
refer to stories which have been forgotten.
Then, again, the staple product of a district
may be used to indicate it, as the silphium
at Cyrene, and the ear of corn at Meta-
pontum. These do not by any means
exhaust the different kinds of types ; but if
the explanation be true, whatever the type
selected may have been, it served as a kind
of shorthand note which was meant to be
easily intelligible.
It will thus be seen that the principle on
which the types of coins were chosen is one ;
but it is not necessarily the same as that
which caused the original choice of a design
by the individual or the State. That diffi-
culty still remains : Dr. Macdonald does but
push it back one step ; but it is an enormous
gain to have the problem settled for the
numismatist. It is settled, if the explana-
tion be accepted ; and it does in one respect
make the general problem less complicated :
it becomes clear that the Greek did not
look upon these symbols on coins with any
religious awe. In fact, they ought not to
be called symbols at all, if we use the word
in its strict sense as implying something
more than a shorthand mark, something
sentimental or reverend. If this be true
of the coin types, it may also be true of the
types in their relation to their owners. We
have here another indication of the soberness
and sanity of the Creek mind.
We have now sketched the principle
which these lectures set forth. It may be
worth while to indicate the subjects with
which they respectively deal. A brief
introduction describes the invention of coins,
and the various hypotheses which have been
put forward to explain their types. The
author then proposes his own view, with
ii marks on the principles of ancient heraldry.
In this section a reference would have been
useful to the important monograph of Mr.
Chaso in the "Harvard Studies in Classical
Philology," xiii. (1902). The rest of the book
is taken up with a discussion of the various
kinds of types, and the inscriptions upon
the coins, including tho Koine,
and tin Byzantine Empire. Many iuten
ing questions are touched on, with which
we have no ipace to d< al : such, for ii
I portraiture; and the author,
with much tact. n a Rue I'Xanipll
the modern coin, the " bonnet-piece " of
.James \\, remn try : —
•• 'I hi ' ;. |"- "it . • s ,i tmli lion,
heraldic, representing ;i return t<> what was
probably the origins] form <>f type. Round the
in. n . peoimen at the coin motto —
Honoi Regis rvnicrvM J)iligit 'The king
loveth judgment, Mrving to recall the money of
Byzantium, and the influenci ed upon i' by
the currency <>f Mohammedan If a
protest against the image-worship ith-
oentury Christiana. The obverse, with the j*>r-
brait ot the king and an inscription recording his
name and titles, with the dat to a
Roman original, and to an even more distant |
Although portraiture on coins is a purely secular
thing now, we must not forget that i' ding
record of the deification of living rulers, and of the
oikc all-powerful influence that religion •
in determining the selection of coin tj
In the last sentence the writer shows that
he has not wholly shaken himself free from
tradition ; for his book is designed to prove
that this is not the case.
The reader will see that this is an emi-
nently suggestive book, which calls for
serious attention not from numismat
only. The explanation commends itself as
well by its simplicity as ^comprehensiveness,
and each step is supported by evidence. It
would not be profitable to offer a criticism
on the details ; but one suggestion we may
make, because it is a question of interpreta-
tion. On a coin of Selinus which seems to
commemorate deliverance from a plague,
Apollo is represented hi the act of discharging
an arrow, " directed, no doubt, against the
powers of evil " ; but the scene in the first
book of the Iliad surely would show that
Apollo is conceived as causing the plague.
The river-god Selinus on the reverse would,
no doubt, be offering sacrifice to Apollo
himself, the plague having been stayed by
turning fresh water into a stagnant marsh.
Catalogue of Greek Coins in the Hunterian
Collection, University of Glasgow. Vol. III.
By G. Macdonald. (Same publishers.) —
Dr. Macdonald is to be congratulated
on having completed his laborious task
of cataloguing the Hunterian collection of
Greek coins. In the Preface he tells us that
the work represents twelve years of strenuous
leisure, by which we understand that this
catalogue, in three volumes and extending
to nearly 2,000 pages, has been compiled
during such time as he was not engaged in
his professorial duties, which in a university
like that of Glasgow are by no means light.
It is a work which does great credit to the
author and to his University, and also to
Mr. James Stevenson, who so munificently
offered to bear the whole expense of printing
and publication, but who, alas ! with others
who took a great interest in the work, did
not live to see its final accomplishment.
The series included in this last volume are
those of Further Asia. Northern Africa, and
Western Europe, and they comprise the
extensive coinages of Syria. Seleucis and
l'ierin, Phoenicia, Palestine, and Parthia, in
Asia : Egypt, Cyrenaica. Zeugitana, Mauri-
tania, Sec., in Northern Africa ; and Spain,
GauL and Britain in Western Europe. The
coinages of these districts are much more
varied than those in either of the preceding
volumes, and though artistically they may
be inferior, yet historically their importance
is certainly equal, if not greater. In the
completeness of the various series this
portion of the collection is fully equal
to the rest, and the extent of some of
N°4102, June 9, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
709
them has enabled Dr. Macdonald to effect
some important modifications in the chrono-
logical order of the coins. Amongst these is
the classification of the early issues of the
Seleucid kings of Syria, which has always
been a crux to Greek numismatists. On
this subject the author has written a special
memoir in the pages of The Hellenic Journal,
and the results of his inquiries are embodied
in the Catalogue. The difficulties in the
classification of these early coins arise from
the circumstance that the first three kings
who bore the name of Antiochus only added
the title of " Basileus." By dint of close
comparison of a large number of examples
brought together from all possible sources,
a division of the coins into the separate reigns
has been effected. This could only be done
by noting minute variations in the portraits
and by slight differences of style. The notes
which are given in the Catalogue are scarcely
sufficient to convey to the reader the lines
on which Dr. Macdonald bases his conclu-
sions ; but the admirable plates which illus-
trate this series obviate to a certain degree
this difficulty.
In the classification of the coins of Juda?a
we note that the early shekels have been
restored to the period of the Maccabees,
from which an attempt was recently made to
remove them and to place them in the first
century A.r>., i.e., in the time of the so-called
first revolt. On the evidence of recent finds,
in which some of these shekels were discovered
with silver coins of a later date, it was pro-
posed by M. Theodore Reinach to bring them
down nearly two centuries later. The views
expressed by M. Reinach were generally
accepted by numismatists in England as well
as on the Continent, and there, perhaps, the
matter would have rested for a while ; but
M. Reinach suddenly changed his views, on
account of the archaic aspects of the coins
and of the existence of shekels of the year 5,
and now has practically restored them to their
former date — not, however, to B.C. 143,
when Demetrius II. granted autonomy to
the Jews, but to B.C. 138, when it is recorded
(1 Mace. xv. 5, 6) that Antiochus VII.
specially granted to Simon Maccabaeus the
privilege of striking money with his own
dies. Tli is sudden change of front is, to
say the least, amusing, and it will be inter-
esting to learn what other numismatists may
have to say on this subject, and whether
they are equally ready to accept M. Reinach's
latest dictum.
These are a couple of points which have
arrested our attention in glancing through
the pages of this important contribution to
Greek numismatics. Many other series
would supply material for reflection, had
we space to notice them.
The relegation of the coinages of Spain,
Gaul, and Britain to the end of the volume
seems, From a numismatic point of view,
not to require any justification. In a geo-
graphical classification of the coinages of the
Greek world these series are placed first.
The coinage of Spain, after all, is mostly of
Roman times, and those of Gaul and Britain
chiefly degraded imitations ; so that
their true position is at the end, and not at
the beginning, of the series. This appears
to be the order adopted for the catalogue
of Greek coins in the British Museum ; but,
so far as we are aware, these coinages have
not yet engaged the attention of the officials
of t hat inst il ut ion.
In taking leave of this most excellent COD
tribution to Greek numismatics we cannot
refrain From again offering our congratula-
tions to the author on having accomplished,
in so satisfactory and scholarly a maimer,
his arduous and self-imposed task. \\ e
WOUld at the same time venture to express
a hope thai the work of publishing the
contents of this unrivalled collection pri-
vately brought together, so well begun,
may be completed, and that the authorities
of the Glasgow University will be able to
find the necessary funds and the workers
to undertake the duties of publishing the
remaining sections. In Roman coins the
collection is very rich, and contains many
unpublished and rare pieces ; and the same
may be said of the British section, whether
Anglo-Saxon or English coins or historical
medals. We cannot help thinking that if
this were done, many coins which have
long been considered as lost would again
come to light. Such a publication would
earn the further gratitude of numis-
matists of all sections and tastes, and,
besides that, would probably prove of con-
siderable historical value.
CONTEMPORARY GERMAN ARTISTS
AT KNIGHTSBRIDGE.
This exhibition displays the powers of
modern German artists more satisfactorily
than the one at the Grafton Gallery, as
might, indeed, be expected from the distin-
guished committee whose names adorn the
title-page of the catalogue and to whom is
due this graceful recognition of how much
advanced English artists have owed to
German appreciation of their work. We are
not sure whether German pictures will be
bought in England so freely as English
work has been in Germany, nor, pretty as
would be such an exchange of courtesies,
are we certain that it is desirable ; for though
there is much here that challenges moment-
ary attention, there is little that rewards it
with more than a passing interest.
Our first impression is that of a race
of men extremely apt at picking up from
other people tricks of technique, striking
peculiarities in the general aspect of a picture.
The nineteenth century was very prolific in
painters absorbed in narrow and specialized
researches which, pushed to extreme lengths,
produced from time to time pictures sincerely
meant, perhaps, but of grotesque oddity if
judged from any large-minded point of view.
Scarcely one of these eccentric products but
is here represented with an added extrava-
gance, but hardly the same saving sincerity;
and amid the spots and dashes of vibriste
and pointilliste, the thin mannerism of the
primitive, the exaggerated impasto of the
devotee of trompe Vmil, one becomes almost
grateful for the old-fashioned brown portraits
of Lenbach, who is rather better represented
here than at the Grafton, his Prince Regent
of Bavaria and Delbruck having a homely
thoroughness of modelling that would be
rather sympathetic were it approached in
somewhat quieter mood. The keenly com-
petitive spirit that makes the German
business man the best commercial traveller
in the world, makes the German painter
anxious above all that his picture should
< merge ; and even here, where in colour,
lighting, and pose our German painter
does not depart from tli*- customary, the
desire to he striking mars the serenity of
wholesome characterization with a curious
mannerism. Lenbach, in studying the
rugged old men who are his best subjects
(beautiful women he always treats in mere-
tricious fashion), seems to have felt how
often the striking, salient teat lire of the face
— the accent w Inch t he whole struct lire leads
up to was to be found in some trenchant,
almost Straight line of pressed lip or over-
hanging brow or (piaint facial fold ; and.
connecting in his mind the telling quality of
this harshly dug-in trench with the final
force and carrying power it imparts when
it is put in the right place, he appears to
have allowed his hand to run away with him
and scatter such strokes everywhere, till
in a typical head by Lenbach the whole
structure is scored and broken up by
a series of rectilinear gashes in every
direction. This recipe for producing a
powerfully modelled head spoils his best
work here, and we see it handed on to his
followers — to Carl Marr, for example, who
softens somewhat the knife-like edges of
his original, or to Leo Samberger, who in a
series of terribly staccato performances,
worthy of the lightning artist of a popular
show, reduces the idea frankly to an
absurdity.
The other more or less indigenous influence
that more potently than Lenbach's shapes
modern painting in Germany is represented
most genuinely perhaps by Arnold Bocklin,
most flagrantly by Franz Stuck, and, as in
the case of Lenbach, its root idea is to elimi-
nate the more quietly coherent elements
of a picture and make up a work solely
of the sensational ones. So we see Franz
Stuck in his Procession of Bacchantes
seizing on the violent action and strong cha-
racter that Rubens handles in his baccha-
nalia as elements worth having ; but the
complex logic of form whereby this violent
action is graduated into a rhythm of subtly
articulated movement is left behind as not
sufficiently startling — left behind also the
moderation, even affection, that gives to
Rubens's types at their utmost vehemence
an unctuous humanity benignant in com-
parison with the manner of rendering this
crew of grimacing lunatics, prancing along
under a garish illumination filched from the
modern impressionists. But the best of these
men had always behind their glare some
consoling observance of the permanent
laws of light with its reflection and counter
reflection, catching the rude shock, the par-
tisan falsity of momentary illumination, and
cradling it into equilibrium and truth.
The modern German artist is a sensational
eclectic, devising novel and piqiiant combina-
tions of whatever strikes him as weird or
outlandish in other people's picture's. He
offers you a banquet, consisting wholly of
highly seasoned titbits, much as a parvenu,
marking how in one instance it is an
emerald that flashes supreme, in another
a ruby, in a third a diamond, tears each from
the setting that is a foil to it, and heaps
them all together in hopes of achieving
something still more transcendent ly thrilling.
Of this school Bocklin is the head, having,
indeed, a kind of gift for such exercises. Ho
has a genuine feeling for landscape, though,
as might be expected, with a taste for the
startling accidents of nature rather than
for those no less wonderful, but more
constant factors, which win our love rather
than our astonishment. The Pietd lent by
the Berlin National Gallery is a vapid and
flavourless performance, but the Elysian
Fit Ids is a good example of the painter and
of his methods.
" It would be very startling." we fancy
him saying, " to take that mythical creature
the centaur out of the atmosphere of dreamy
generalization which he has hitherto dwelt in
(and which, to say the truth, suits him best \t
and to depict him in tin" plain, unmysterious
daylight, set in your presence, with all the
resources of modern realism— down to the
Very texture of his hide ; still more startling
if WO should undress and Bet on his back the
plump and luxurious wife of a modern
Viennese shopkeeper of the wealthier cli
the artificial pallor of 1km- nudity pressed
against the skin of the upper half of the
monster, which skin, for purposes of coarse
contrast, shall be the dun and spotted skin
of a toad. How much more effective, too.
710
THE ATHENjEUM
N 4102, June 9, 1906
tin fanta-t le
iii it land ca] •
eninbiiiat inn Iii OOWt i 1
of studied sobrietj in w hioh
almost photograpliio details corroborate
mill enforce the actuality o! the incongruous
group in the foreground. Theseexpectations
are realised to s sensational degree, and yet
it \m.ii1«1 l»<- unjust to Arnold Pbcklin to
rank him entirely with the others <>f this
school, whose claim to originality rests on
their thus thrusting into your face an
objective realisation, raw and literal, of
fancies that maintain a certain validity in
more abstract spheres. In the darkly
stagnant water that makes so fine an expanse
of restful black, in the manner in which
that black permeates the picture, merging
solemnly into the Bombre mass of Boberly
painted trees breathless against the quiet
.sky. the silence not even broken by the
smooth thread of falling water that Blips un-
noticed into the lake, in the painter's
absorbed interest in tho facts of Nature as
apart from her " effects," there is an iinagi-
native value. It exhibits a technical refine-
ment, gained at no cost of objective force.
which is very rare in modern art, which
is true enough sometimes to visual appear-
ance, yet lacks reality. The Whistlerian
phantoms of Mr. Sauter, Spring Mood and
Morning Call, are beautiful examples of this
flimsier presentment. We know what the
objects represented are meant for, but the
imaginative sense of what they would feel like
if we approached and handled them is want-
ing, and this sense is what gives the painting
of the landscape of the Elysian Fields a
certain dignity in spite of the want of
imagination in the figures.
It testifies, perhaps, to the relative
modesty and good taste of English exhibi-
tions that Mr. Neven du Mont, whose work
amongst that of our own painters seemed
somewhat abrupt and posterlike, is seen
here amongst his compatriots as a delicate
and reasonable, and indeed a very charming
portrait painter. The remaining works do
not call for prolonged notice, as, with the
exception of MaxLiebermann'si'Ta.rC'tearmif/,
which is seriously studied in its colourless
and laboured fashion, the pictures that
emerge do so by offering you the more
sensational qualities of some form of painting
that may be seen in London or Paris with
just the backing of reasonableness that is here
lacking — the reasonableness that tells of
a past devoted to studies in other directions
than the one that produced the picture.
In fact, instead of the inspiriting sight
of a painter forced to develope a simple
technique to express new aspirations, we
see here a painter placed in the position of
being able to acquire means of expression
ready-made faster than he has need for
them. Impressionism, mysticism, a thousand
other isms, are all ready at the hand of a
man whose modest ambition were best
devoted to such work as Menzel did in his
youth — work which for a long time to come
is likely to remain the best, because it is
the most self-absorbed and studious that
Germany has done in art.
in the narrower field of black and white
the exhibition is rather better (Sattler's
Equality might be mentioned, or Peter
Behrens's Dehmel — the ideal sort of drawing
for a daily paper); but the German painter
seems in the position of the nouiran richc
whose desires are too easily and promptly
sated : he makes a great parade of liberty,
but of a liberty without zest.
The exhibition of the work of Mr. John at
the Chenil Gallery in Chelsea might have
been noticed this week, but Mr. John,
devotee of liberty also in his way, is too
Berious a phenomenon to discuss at the tail
end of an article. The attractions and
dangers of Libert} for an English paintffl
are a theme worthj ol separate notice. _i^.
.1 \< OB JORDAEN8 AT THE
MARLBOROUGH Q ILLERY.
\Mniits to the Guildhall «ill naturally,
while their enthusiasm is on them, go to the
Marlborough Gallery t" iee Jbrdaens's very
interesting work Peter finding tin Tributt
Monty. Jt is not such a masterpieci
Van Zurpelan and his wife, but is a virile
anil splendid essay at the great task that
Jordaens faced in company with Rubens.
The great Venetian decorator Tintoretto
achieved a tremendous power of handling
groups of figures in large architectonic
fashion, treating heads and limbs, as it u
as mere steps in the measure, units in a
grandly moving design. He did this often
at some expense, sacrificing something of
the close and homely truthfulness to cha-
racter that gives to the work of earlier
painters so challenging an actuality, as
though the painted figures were indeed
living entities like ourselves. The task of
Rubens and of Jordaens was to restore this
individual vitality of the figures, and yet keep
the constructive rhythm of the whole com-
position which they had learnt in Italy.
Jordaens's great sketch is invigorating, but
shows somewhat of the contest between the
two intentions, notably in the figure of the
punting oarsman, which is poor Italian and
monochromatic painting projected against
a group of highly coloured, violently charac-
terized figures painted in the Flemish
taste. The towering group to the left, on
the other hand, absorbed in the catch, is
capitally conceived and carried through.
STUDIES BY GAINSBOROUGH AT
COLNAGHI'S.
It is a sign how closely connected are
the message of an artist and the technique
which expresses it that almost all the
painters who founded their work more or
less directly on the study of the practice of
Rubens were, or got the reputation of being,
wild devotees of liberty, creatures of impulse.
Really, they were successful largely in pro-
portion as they had enjoyed some severer
training previously, just as a bullet flies true
because it has been confined in the gun-barrel.
When it is remembered how lightly, and
without thought for the drawing itself,
Gainsborough's sketches were done, it is
surprising that he rarely mistakes the free
for the slipshod, yet in some of the landscapes
at Messrs. Colnaghi's some such confusion
is suggested. This is perhaps due to a selec-
tion preferably of what are called charac-
teristic drawings — often done when an
artist, for some reason or other, falls back
on material that has become a little common-
place to him. Van Oieront, Captain of a
Trading Vessel at Amsterdam, The Royal
Princess descending Steps, and the ragged
Jack Hill point the lines on which, with less
pretence at elaboration, news-drawing might
again become interesting. Mrs. Moody ami
her Children is perhaps the most beautiful
and stately design in the collection.
SALES.
Missus. Ciikistik sold on the 31st alt. tho fol-
lowing pictures : Bernardino « 1 i Oonti, Portrait of
a Nobleman, in mauve dress, holding a dog. bit)/.
L. Defranoe de Liege, A booth at a Country Pair,
with a tight-rope dancer. 1521. Crcu/.e, benjamin
Franklin, in dark dress, 1367.
One of the most interest ing of the recent Bales
in Paris was that of the late Paul Meurice, the
lifi-1 I "i V'ietoi II _• \
872fr. «-. i. 'Ill'- .'
ii i' bed r p by dodion, ' N'\ i
■ riant un I * hich miM
A large panel ol < Jobel
<\i- la tent un- de* Mois ditH <li
Ihi1m.i1 of the inolitli ol ' in the
.Ninth oentury from a rh-Mgn of th<
oentnry, went foro4,000fr. There v .inie
other good j.i ii e», notably a ban relief in t<-i ra-ootte
li\ < ludion, " • I2,500fr. ; a
In' tun- by Delacroix, ' Hamlet hexitant a tin
7,000fr. J and B sketch bj the same,
Christ en Croix,' S.SOOfr.
3Fiiu-^rt (Bossip.
Last Thursday tie s pn»ss \
tho Mendoza Gallery of water-colour dr..
ings of ' Tho Thames in Sunshine,' by Mr.
A. R. Quinton ; and yesterday v.
invited to view at .Mr. Paterson's gallery.
.">, Old Bond Street, ' Choice Japanese Colo
Prints of tho Seventeenth. Eighteenth, a
Nineteenth Centuries. '
Yesterday was the pi<--s view at t
Modern Gallery of pictures of ' Egyptian
Temples,' i.iciuding some new dis<
by Mr. F. F. Ogilvie.
To-day is the private view of the Summer
Exhibition of the Goupil Gallery, coi
of pictures and drawings by British .
foreign artists, and statuary by M. X.
Aronson, of Paris.
To-day is also the private view of Portrait
Drawings,' by Mr. C. E. Ritchie, and
' Sketches at Home and Abroad,' by Count
Seckendorff, at the Fine- Art Society's root:
and water-colours ' At Home and Abroad.'
by Mr. Arthur Severn, at the Le
Galleries, where there are also water-colours
and paintings of 'Dutch Life and Landscape*
by Mr. and Mrs. Harold Knight, and water-
colours of India by Mr. R. Gwelo Goodman.
At the Brook Street Art Gallery paint u
by Early English, French, Italian, and Dutch
Masters, and a selection of English water-
colours, are on view.
Messrs. H. Graves & Co. hold to-day a
private view of ' Pictures of English a
Colonial Sport,' by Mr. Lionel Edwards, and
water-colour and chalk drawings of Vei
and Dordrecht by Mr. A. Y. YVhishaw.
Messrs. Leggatt Brothers are show
at 30, St. James Street, for the benefit of the
Artists' General Benevolent Institution, their
collection of engravings, pastels, drawii
&c, formed by Mr. E. E. Leggatt.
At the Little Gallery. 40a, Victoria Stre
Mr. W. A. Macdonald is showing water-
colours of Venice. Como, Lugano, &c, and
London in springtime.
Mr. E. M. Hodgkins is showing at 158b,
New Bond Street, during June and July.
English miniatures from the sixteenth
oentury to the eighteenth, and drawings by
Bartolozzi.
Yesterday there was a private view at
the Alpine Club. Mill Street, of some le
decorative panels by Mr. J. Korr-Lawson.
The fortunate winners of the midaille
cFhonneur of this year's Salon are:
painting, M. Rochegrosse (a pupil of MM.
Lefebvre and Boulanger), for his 'Joie
Rouge ' ; for sculpture, M. Antonin Carles ;
and forengraving, M. Victor Lotus Focillon, a
student at the Ecole di s Beaux-Arts of
Dijon. M. Fociflon's exhibit was an etching
entitled ' Hommage a Delacroix,' after
Fantin-Latour.
The once famous French caricatu-
rist "Crafty" his real name was Victor
Geruzez — has just passed away in the
sixty -sixth year of his age. For a long
N° 4102, June 9,
1906
THE ATHENAEUM
711
(period his clever and amusing views of
Parisian life appeared in many journals,
particularly in La Vie Parisienne. He was
not only versatile with his pencil, but also
■clever with his pen. His books on the horse
.and on cavaliers are still in considerable
demand at good prices.
Mr. Piebpont Morgan may be congratu-
lated upon having bought " cheap " the
Rodolph Kann collection, for which he
has paid little over one million sterling
:(26,000,000fr.). The undoubted master-
pieces of Van der Weyden, Memlinc, Pater,
.and Fragonard, and the fine Bellini, Lancret,
and many others, would be cheap at any
price.
MUSIC
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Richard Wagner to Mathilde Wesendonek.
Translated, prefaced, &c, by William Ashton
Ellis. (Grevel & Co.)— Otto and Mathilde
Wesendonek settled in Zurich in 1857, and
remained there until 1872. To Wagner they
were very kind ; Mathilde especially showed
herself an intelligent admirer of his genius.
The sympathy and love between her and the
composer were of no ordinary kind ; there
are proofs of it, so far as Wagner was con-
cerned, on almost every page of the letters
in question. Minna, Wagner's first wife,
took umbrage at this, and acted in a manner
which compelled Wagner to cease his visits
to the Wesendoncks. There were, of course,
faults on both sides, but Mr. Ellis in his
•introductory chapter seems to take a certain
pleasure in presenting Minna in an unfavour-
able light. Let us, to justify our statement,
give one instance. Minna, after she had
left Switzerland and gone to live at Dresden,
-writes to a friend that Wagner had promised
her money at the new year ; " yesterday,
however, he writes me that he will want it
himeslf." Mr. Ellis tries to show that when
she wrote these words she was in possession
of a letter from Wagner announcing that
money was promised. The fact of her
having received such a letter is not fully
proved, and Minna ought therefore to have
had the benefit of the doubt. Anyhow, our
author dwells at too great length on Wagners
virtues and Minna's failings. It is Wagner's
great works that interest the world at
present. These letters of Wagner to Ma-
thilde Wesendonek are full of intense expres-
sions of love and longing ; but they must be
read as poetry rather than prose : Wagner,
like Beethoven, was apt to express himself
in uncommon terms. In one of the letters
in question he, indeed, describes himself as
of "an almost exaggerated sensibility."
And in another he says : " It is inborn in
my nature to swing from one extreme of
temper to another " ; and this pains him,
for, as he naively adds, " to be understood
is so indispensably important."
How far Wagner went in his affection for
Mathilde Wesendonek is a question which
will no doubt be answered differently by
different persons. Apart from this, the
main interest of the volume lies in the refer-
ences of Wagner to his art-work ; there are
also several poetical descriptions of Venice.
Wagner, if we mistake not, sneers in one of
liis essays at piano-composers, i.e., those
who compose at the instrument. The
following is therefore curious. He writes
in his Venice diary about an Erard, a " sweet
melancholy instrument," which wooed him
back to music, and he adds, " Tims did I
begin the composition of the second act of
* Tristan.' " Composers may not always be
good critics of their own works, but some-
times they are right, as, for instance, Wagner
when he declared of ' Tristan,' " I have never
made a thing like this," and even when he
added, " In it will I live for aye."
In a Lucerne letter Wagner discourses on
the Grail, " the most pregnant symbol ever
yet invented as physical garb for the spiritual
core of a religion." And he speaks of the
invertebrate character of the early French
Grail romances, and describes what is his
task, viz., " to compress the whole into three
main situations of drastic intent." But
when he wrote this he was in a despondent
mood, and somewhat sarcastically suggests
that Geibel shall write the poem and Liszt
set it to music. The name of Liszt reminds
us that in another letter Wagner says he is
reading Liszt's ' Music of the Gipsies,' and
finds it " rather too turgid and phrasy."
Mr. Ellis points out that Wagner was una-
ware that Princess Sayn-Wittgenstein had a
large share in the making of this book.
We have referred to descriptions of Venice.
Here is one brief extract : —
"After sunset I regularly took a gondola to meet
it [the moon], toward the Lido, for the battle
'twixt day and night was always an entrancing
vision in this limpid sky : to the right, amid the
dusk-rose tether, gleamed kindly bright the evening
star ; the moon in full splendour cast its flashing
net to me in the sea."
The letters from Paris before and during
the ' Tannhauser ' performances are very
interesting. He meets Gounod, " a suave,
good, purely but not deeply gifted man " ;
and Rossini, " the old Epicurean." Wagner
refers to the translators of his ' Tannhauser '
poem into French, and Mr. Ellis names
Rudolf Lindavi as one of them ; it was, how-
ever, not Rudolph, but that gentleman's
brother Richard. Mr. Ellis's statement that
an article in Die Musik deals exhaustively
with this matter of translation is not strictly
correct.. The volume contains a handsome
portrait of Mathilde Wesendonek from a
painting of 1860.
The Standard Operas : their Plots, their
Music, and their Composers : a Handbook.
By G. P. Upton. (Hutchinson & Co.)—
A brief notice of this book will be sufficient.
' Sonnambula ' and ' I Puritani,' we read,
" still freshly hold the stage " ! Of Mozart
we are told that he composed the " famous "
Requiem in 1789, and the ' Zauberflote ' in
the same year ! Verdi's ' Aida ' is described
as his last opera, and the author adds :
" Should he break his long silence, some
new work may show that he has gone still
farther in the new path." After this follows
an account of Verdi's " last " opera, ' Otello '
and then one of ' Falstaff ' (1893). The
date of the production of Wagner's ' Ring '
is given as 1875. The book, being full of
errors of this kind, is untrustworthy.
Folk-Songs from Somerset. Gathered and
edited, with Pianoforte Accompaniment,
by Cecil J. Sharp and Charles L. Mason.
Second Series. (Simpkin, Marshall &
Co.) — In certain quarters interest in
folk - music is on the increase, so that
these charming Somerset songs will be wel-
come. In the Introduction it is explained
that " the only editing the melody has
received consists in the fact that one form
rather than another has been chosen for the
harmonies and for the procrustean bed of
print." The words, on the other hand,
" have been recast without hesitation where
they were men" doggerel or obscure." There
are somo valuable notes on the songs by
the musical editor. The pianoforte accom-
paniments are cleverly written, though
here and there somewhat too modern in
character.
Utatral (Hosstp.
Wagner's ' Flying Dutchman ' was per-
formed at Covent Garden on Monday for the
first time for seven years. ' Rienzi,' so far
as stage performances of it in this country
are concerned, seems dead, but the ' Dutch-
man ' still lives, for with much that is old,
there is much that is new ; and, besides,
Wagner's heart and soul are in the music.
The performance was fine. Friiulein Destinn
was excellent as Senta, while Herr van Rooy
as the Dutchman was impressive, though
here and there a touch of melodrama marred
his acting. Herr Burgstaller, the new tenor,
impersonated Erik, but the small part did
not suit him, or rather he made too much of
it. Herr Kniipfer was an excellent Daland ;
and a good word must be said for Frjiulein
Grimm as Mary. The orchestra under Dr.
Richter was admirable.
On Wednesday evening ' Tristan ' was
given with a new Isolde, Fraulein von Milden-
burg, and a new Tristan, Herr Burgstaller.
Both are able actors, although with the
lady the art was not always concealed.
Her voice did not sound very sympathetic,
nor very rich in the lower notes ; while that
of Herr Burgstaller was evidently not in
good condition. To render them justice
we must wait for their next appearance.
Mr. Harold Bauer gave a pianoforte
recital at Bechstein Hall on Wednesday
afternoon. In Handel's Suite in G he dis-
played fine technique and a delightful touch.
His reading of Schumann's ' Carneval ' was
interesting, although a little more restraint
in the loud passages would have been an
improvement ; the tone was at times hard.
The first movement of Beethoven's Sonata,
Op. Ill, was interpreted in an impassioned
manner, but at a somewhat hurried rate.
Mr. Bauer, if he only possesses the power of
self-criticism, will gradually become a truly
great artist as well as what he is at present,
a great pianist.
Mr. York Bowen's Concerto in d for
pianoforte and orchestra was produced at
the sixth Philharmonic Concert last Thurs-
day week. The music is clever, and full of
storm and stress, as is natural to a composer
only twenty-three years old. Throughout
the work, indeed, there is striving rather than
achievement. In the pianoforte part, too,
there is a tendency to showy rather than
to solid writing. The composer was at the
piano, and the performance was very
successful. Tiie programme included Cesar
Franck's emotional and dignified Morceau
Symphonique, ' Redemption.'
The Cambridge University Press will
publish shortly a study by Mr. Sedley Taylor,
formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, entitled ' Handel's Indebtedness to
the Works of other Composers,' which seeks
to place before musical readers, in an easily
appreciable form, all the evidence necessary
for forming an independent judgment on
this interesting problem in the history of
music. The author maintains that, wonder-
ful as were the audacity and extent of Handel's
appropriations, his power of infusing into
what he borrowed an incomparably higher
spirit than had before dwelt in it was more
astonishing still. A discussion of the moral
questions raised by Handel's procedure
terminates tin- volume.
THE Lincoln Festival will take place on
the 20th and 21st inst. Among the choral
works to be performo 1 are Hrnhms's ' Re-
quiem,' Handel's ' Israel in Egypt,' and
Sir Hubert Parry's 'Voces Clamantium * ;
and among the orchestral Sir Hubert Parry's
'Overture to an Unwritten Tragedy' and
Dr. P. H. Cowcn's ' A Phantasy of Life and
71 'J
T II B A 'I1 II EN-fiU II
N"41«|J, .h si. !>, 1906
I'll, orchestral d
m< ert will
bake
plm-i- at the Oorn Bxohanget and tin-
oratorio Mrviea at bbe Cathedral. Dr.
i Bennett mil be the [estiva] oon
duotor, but the British oompoaen named
will conduct their own works.
Madamr Claju Bur w»U bo< be able
toeing at the Sandal Festival, bat Ma. lam. «
\ila Croesley vrill take her placed
Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra,
under the oonductorahip o! Hen Ptanz
Sohalk, \\ill give conoerte at Queen's Hall
on th«> evenings <>f the 26th and 28th inst.,
and on.- at the Albert Sail <>n the afternoon
of the 30th.
\\ regret to record the death «>n the
30th ult., at the premature age of thirty.
Mr. William Yeatee Burlstone, s promising
composer. He studied composition under
Sir diaries Stanford at the Hoyal College
of Music. His Fantasie - Variations on a
Swedish Air, produced at the first Patron's
Cone.it. May 20th, 1904, and his Pianoforte
Quartet performed at the second Patron's
Concert. December 6th of tho same year,
were noticed in these columns.
On July 29th, the anniversary of Schu-
mann's death, a tablet is to ho affixed to the
house at Dusseldorf in which the composer
lived from 1850 until he was placed in the
asylum at Endenich.
The title of Docteur-es-Lettres has been
conferred on M. Jules tfcorcheville by the
Sorbonne. He presented twenty orchestral
suites by French composers of the seventeenth
century, published for the first time, and
preceded by an 'l£tude bistorique'; also
an essay, ' De Lulli a Rameau : rEsthetique
musicaie.' Among the judges were Dr.
Camille Saint -Saens and M. Romain Holland,
the latter of whom has made a special study
of the music of the seventeenth and eigh-
teenth centuries.
A monument to Richard Nordraak, who
set to music the Norwegian national hymn,
was recently unveiled at the Jerusalem
Cemetery, Berlin. A speech was delivered
by Bjornstjerne Bjornson, author of the
hymn. Xordraak, who died in 1860, at the
early age of twenty-four, also wrote incidental
music to Bjornson's two dramas, ' Marie
Stuart ' and ' Sigurd Slembe.'
Boa.
Hoa.-
ttat
Ti >-.
Wan.
Tiiiio-
Ki ..
S.T.
PERFORMANCES NF.XT WEEK.
Bandar L • art, 7, Queen's Hall.
s . i Ron] ' toera, Covent Garden.
Qreefi Pi uioforte Recital, 8, .i:..li:.n Hall
Mischa Rlman'8 Orchestral Concert, B.16, Qneen't Hall.
il Re. ital, B 30, Becbrtein Hall.
Mr 11 irdj 'lli.- 1 \". al Recital, 3 16, Be. lutein Hall.
M Pintcl - Pianoforte Recital, 3 IS, Bteinwaj Hall
Miu Arctowska'i 8oni| Recital, 3.S0, Salle Erard.
■ ninv and Mr. II I: -ii. i - \ 1 :inl Pianoforte
hxtcin Hall.
Booth Hampvte .'1 On hestra, B, Queen's Hall
Miulrigal Society's Concert. - 30, fiolian Hall.
Mi-. Henrietta Schmidt! Quartet, 3, Bteinwaj Hall,
n Re. ital. - 15. Queen's HalL
Mi-. Oerhanll - \ o. .1 Recital, - IS, Bechstein Hall.
■ i, ,i, - Hull.
' Ihert Hall
Mr John Coatea - Voi .1 Re. II .1 », Be. lutein Hall.
Mi-, [solinc Hanrcy's Violin Recital, 8, Be. lutein Hall.
Philharmonic Concert, 8, Queen - II ill
The Mi--.- Bronv ana Ifoggriil ".1 Pianoforte
Kolian Hall.
■ I Lcirinska's Orchertral Concert, ::. Queen
Mr Alexander Markwell's Pianoforte Recital, :. Bechstein
Hall
Mi-- l.ilv W.-.t - Pianoforte Re. it.l. -. Becbtfa in Hall,
Mr Ifark Hambourc's Planoforb Recital S, Queen'* Hall.
M"7.ii t Society < ionoert, ". Portman Rooms.
DRAMA
Brnmatic (gossip.
'Thi: Third Timi: OV ASKING,' a one-act
rustic comedy of M. E. Francis (Mrs. Blun-
dell), produced at the Garrick Theatre, has
jcene laid in Lancashire. Hob Leather-
barrow, the hero, having cast his eye upon
Catty Lovelady, carries out his love-making
in sufficiently masterful fashion, puts up
the banns without consulting her, and drags
intruaivfl ri\als through the horaepond.
These somewhat primitive fashions fail in
the anticipated result, and more iiui'innl OTO-
iia\ . bo be adopted before the lad
favour is won on a third time of asking.
This trifle I ■• dramatic grip. Ably
expounded by Mr. Arthur Bourcnier and
\i Pam< Is I .a\ thorne, it was accorded
Hid is not unlikely to be followed
by other pieci - from t he same source.
Mi-s M\ky IfOORl lias appeared at t he
met Theatre as Mr ' rornnge in 'Mr .
Grorringe's Necklace,1 support.. 1 by Mr.
Yorke Stephens in the part originally played
by Sir Charles \\'\ lidham.
\ m:w rendering of ' Paust ' is being pre-
pared by Mr. Stephen Phillips, with a view
to its ultimate production by Mr. Alexander.
Mrs. PATRICK CaMFBXI L has begun at the
Criterion rehearsals of 'The Macleans of
Bairnees,1 a romantic drama by the Hon.
Mrs. Alfred byttelton, concerned with the
life of the Young Pretender. In this Mrs.
Campbell will play an Italian girl.
Most of the dramatic parts essayed by M.
Coquelin at the Royalty, including that he
sustains in 'Notre Jeunessc,' by M. Alfred
Capus, are the same in which the actor was
seen last year at the Shaftesbury. In
' L'Arlesienne ' of Alphonse Daudet, a melo-
drama in three acts, first given at the Paris
Vaudeville in October, 1872, with symphonies
and choruses by Bizet, the music constitutes
the principal feature. M. Monteux played
with much passion the suicide, M. Coquelin
contenting himself with impersonating the
rather fatiguing shepherd Balthazar. The
experiment was not too promising.
On Shakspeare's birthday the students of
the Melbourne University gave a perform-
ance in Greek of ' The Wasps ' of Aristo-
phanes.
' L.E Reformatrur,' a three-act play by
M. f^douard Rod, produced at the Theatre
de l'(Eu\Te, has for its hero Jean Jacques
Rousseau, played by M. Camille Bert.
' The Lion and the Mouse ' has been
withdrawn from the Duke of York's, where
this evening will be revived ' The Marriage
of Kitty,' with Miss Marie Tempest and Miss
Ellis Jeffreys in their original parts.
On Tuesday next at the Savoy a new
third act will be substituted for that
originally provided in ' The Shulamite.'
Mr. Edward Miles.^/wIio died very
suddenly at Wisbech on Thursday last week,
claimed the title of England's oldest actor.
He was ninety-two yeais of age, and began
his theatrical career seventy years ago.
TO CORRESPONDENTS.
W. B.— Received.
W. M. Have written.
C. M. 11. -R. B. J.— D. C.—
C. ('. i'.— Not wanted.
A. R.— No vacancy.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
— ♦—
Authors' agents csg
BEL!, d Sons SIS
CaMBRTDOE UNIVERSITY PRESS 687
Cat mo. a is 086
CONS'] on i A CO 6JK)
Km CATION M 685
Exhibitions 085
QORER .v Son 688
Greening a Co. 7ir>
Hurst a Blacker 600
Insurance companies th
London Lire um TU
Long 7ic.
Longmans .v Co
M \. I.Eiio-r. .v Son
Mu mii.i.an & CO
M loazines, ftc
Miscellaneous
Newspaper Agents
Notes A Queries 7ir.
Printers' I'u: TM
Hales by Auction
sin vi IONS \ ICANT 888
situations Wanted 686
SMITH, Kl.DEK A Co. 6S8
Type-writers. Ac fwo
Ward, Lock a Co 7is
MESSRS. BELLS
NEW BOOKS.
Delii} s,\o, with 8'i Illiintnil I, net.
By W. H. Stuart Garnett,
TURBINES.
Ban ■ Law.
A |».|Mil.u bonk "ii Bat mb • in .'>n.l n\ . . i <• i
Turbines, in which the theory of Uie subject i* dew I
concurrent!] with it' hlstorj in such a way as I
readily Lntellifdbto t.. the general >• I ptobiaEM
which are at preaenl n—orintful with it axe stated, a
forecaat of the poaaible future of the engine. At tin-
time the Look contain! tin- mo-t complete theory that has
-u Car been published of the well-known machine*, and will
tie of rains to experts sad to all naen of power.
I . p - .
A HANDBOOK TO SHAKESPEARE. By
MOKTON LICK, Author of 'A Han.ll.ook to l
son,' A'c.
This 'Handbook to Sbal Ben in one volume
the critical and explanatory helps that muM nth.
Booghl in many Look-. Aj f.ir aa possible it embodies all
recent research; and, like the authors 'Handbook to
Tennyson.' to which it forms a companion, it aims at
illnstratiruj principlea, while it sujiplies information.
In)]), svo, ^U. net.
THE ADMISSION REGISTERS OF ST.
PAUL'S SCHOOL FROM 1876 TO 1905. Edited with
Biographical Notices by Rev. ROBEBT BAKLOW
I. AKDINKH. MA. I.S.A., with Append:
NEW VOLUMES OF
BOHN'8 STANDARD LIBRARY.
I'. ■-• - la M. each.
HAZLITT'S VIEW OF THE ENGLISH
STAGE; or, a series of Dramatic Criticisma Kdited
by w. SPENCEB JACKSON.
EMERSON'S WORKS. A New Edition
in 6 vols. With the Text K.lite.l and Collated by
GEORGK SAMPSON.
Content* ■ :— Vol. I., Essays, Representative Men. Vol. II.,
English Traits, Conduct of Life, Nature. Vol. in.. Society
and Solitude, Letters and Social Aims, Addresses. Vol. IV.',
Miscellaneous Pieces. Vol. V., Poetical Works.
Crown Svo, 1«. Crf. ; or with Answers, i«.
A JUNIOR ARITHMETIC. By Charles
PENDLEBURY, M.A., Chief Mathematical Master at
St. Paul's School, and F. I'.. ROBINSON, M.A.,
Assistant Master at St. Paul's School.
A new Arithmetic for Lower and Middle Forms of
Secondary Schools, written on modern lines, with free
employment of Craphs, a..-.
Crown svo, la 6d.
A FIRST YEAR'S COURSE IN
PRACTICAL PHYSICS, P>> JAMES SINCLAIR,
M A.tilas. RScLond., Head Science Mantel in Shaw-
lands Academy, Glasgow.
SECONDXEDITION, coal Jnia| I Pani re, ka Grf.
GENERAL INTELLIGENCE PAPERS.
With Exercises In English Composition. B] QKB vi.i>
BLUNT, MA. K.H.(;.s., Head Master Springfield
Park, Horsham.
NEW VOLUMES OF
THE YORK LIBRARY.
On thin lviper, cloth, 2x. net; leather, it. net.
HAWTHORNE'S TRANSFORMATION
(Tin: U vKi.i.r. r \cnv
IRYING'S SKETCH-BOOK.
PLUTARCH'S LIVES. Translated, with
Notes and ■ Life, by AUBREY STEWART, M.A., and
GEORGE LONG, Si. A.'. 4 vols.
London: (iKORGK BKLL & SONS,
l'.rtugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N° 4102, June 9, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
713
IMPORTANT NEW FICTION.
MR. WINGRAVE, MILLIONAIRE. 6s.
By E. PHILLIPS OPPENHEIM.
Sketch. — "The author has produced a book that he may well be proud of; it is strong and con-
vincing and thoroughly interesting."
Daily Telegraph. — " Mr. Oppenheim is a vivid and virile story-teller, and has won a position which
causes his readers to anticipate something stirring every time a new book appears with his name. "
HEART'S DELIGHT
6s.
By LOUIS TRACY.
Dundee Advertiser. — " The name of Louis Tracy on the covers of a volume is in itself a sufficient
guarantee that the contents are worthy of perusal. This latest novel establishes more firmly than ever
the reputation which he founded on ' The Final War. ' "
BY WIT OF WOMAN.
6s.
By ARTHUR W. MARCHMONT.
Liverpool Courier. — "The tale is one of the best Mr. Marchmont has done. It is full of thrills
and excitement, and the whole thing is woven together with the skill of a master at this sort of work."'
THE AVENGERS.
6s.
By HEADON HILL.
Glasgow Evening News. — "There are some books which the reader follows with unabated interest
from start to finish, grudging every minute that distracts him from the fascination of their pages. Of
such is Headon Hill's new venture, ' The Avengers."'
THE MASTER OF MARSHLANDS.
By E. EVERETT-GREEN, Author of ' Sister,' ' Molly Melville,' « Monica,' &c.
A FAIR INSURGENT.
6s.
6s.
By GEORGE HORTON.
There is a certain new force about this story of George Horton's, a kind of master craftsmanship, a
mental dominance, that grasps the reader with the first line and loosens not its convincing hold until
the last.
THE MAGIC OF MISS ALADDIN.
6s.
By PAUL HERRING.
Nottingham Guardian. — "In his new humorous romance Paid Herring has given us his most
elaborate work so far. It is satisfactory, therefore, to be able to add that it is also the most successful.
The vivid and attractive personality of his heroine, who pervades the entire book, is drawn in a most
skilful and sympathetic manner."'
THE POLYPHEMES.
A Story of Strange Adventures among Strange Beings.
By F. HERNAMAN-JOHNSON.
THE RACE OF LIFE.
6s.
5s,
By CUV BOOTHBY.
Second Edition.
Leeds Mercury. — " Readers who have been thrilled by the strange adventures of ' Dr. Nikola,' or
the weird witchery of ' Pharos, the Egyptian,' will turn with interest to ' The Race of Life.' A well-
written, readable story, for which, we doubt not, there will be a large demand."
MY JAPANESE PKINCE.
By A. C. GUNTER, Author of ' Mr. Barnes of New York,' ' Mr. Potter of Texas,' &c.
THE GIRL IN WAITING.
6s.
6s.
By ARCHIBALD EYRE, Author of « The Trifler,' ' The Custodian,' &c.
The Daily Mail says: — "This is quite a delightful book. The note is struck ingeniously and
hilariously on the doorstep. It is a most enjoyable comedy, which must be read to be appreciated. We
can cordially recommend it."
THE QUINCUNX CASE.
6s.
By WILLIAM DENT PITMAN.
Spectator. — " Here we have a writer whose alert and engaging manner enhances the attraction of
his ingenious narrative, in which the reader is kept in a constant flutter of suspense and excitement
until the catastrophe is reached."
SHILLING
GUIDE-BOOKS.
Fcap. 8vo, cloth, round corners.
WITH MAPS AND PLANS AND MANY
ILLUSTRATIONS.
ALDEBUEGH.
BATH.
BEXHILL.
BIDEFORD.
BLACKPOOL.
BOGNOR.
BOUBNEM OUTH.
BRIDLINGTON and FILEY.
BRIGHTON and HOVE.
BRISTOL, CLIFTON, and District..
BROADSTAIRS.
BUXTON.
CANTERBURY.
CHANNEL ISLANDS.
CLEVEDON.
CROMER.
DARTMOOR.
DAWLISH.
DEAL.
DOVER.
DOVERCOURT.
EASTBOURNE.
ENGLISH LAKE DISTRICT.
EXETER.
EXMOUTH.
FALMOUTH.
FELIXSTOWE.
FOLKESTONE.
HARROGATE.
HASTINGS.
HERNE BAY.
ILFRACOMBE.
ISLE OF MAN.
ISLE OF WIGHT.
LEAMINGTON.
LITTLEHAMPTON.
LIVERPOOL.
LLANDRINDOD WELLS
LONDON.
LOWESTOFT.
LYME REGIS.
LYNTON and LYNMOUTH
LYTHAM.
MARGATE.
MATLOCK.
MINEHEAD.
NEWQUAY.
NORTH WALES (Northern Section)
NORTH WALES (Southern Section).
PENZANCE.
PLYMOUTH.
RAMSGATE.
SCARBOROUGH.
SHERWOOD FOREST.
SIDMOUTH.
SKEGNESS.
SOUTHSEA.
SOUTHWOLD.
STRATFORD-UPON-AVON
SUTTON-ON-SEA and
MABLETHORPE.
SWANAGE.
TEIGNMOUTH.
TORQUAY.
•WESTON SUPER-MARE.
WEYMOUTH.
WHITBY.
WOODHALL SPA.
WORTHING.
WYE VALLEY.
YARMOUTH.
ABERDEEN.
EDINBURGH.
GLASGOW.
HIGHLANDS and ISLANDS.
INVERNESS.
OBAN.
ANTRIM.
BELFAST.
CORK
DONEGAL HIGHLANDS.
DUBLIN.
KILLARNEY.
LIMERICK.
WATERFORD.
THE CONTINENT.
BELGIUM. 2s. 6d.
HOLLAND. 2s. 6d.
PARIS.
SWITZERLAND.
WARD, LOCK, & CO., Limited, Salisbury Square, Loudon, E.C.
71 1
T HE A T 1 1 E N ,E 1 1 M
X U02, June 9, 1906
f IMI !'. BUI LDKR (founded 1842), ( ithorine Street,
1
I i;..\ P «'l i II I M »
n . Mil. I \ I I. ol
i I
i i
, 'i ill. .1, ,
Mi iii !'..i.
I I' -
,, ,,, mi, .i ibruugb inj
mBACHERS' BCRIPTURAL LIBRARY.
I . ml
B) W T L\\\. 1. \ IMI A B,
1. BRIEF LESSONS <»X THE PARABLES AND
MIRACLES OF nil; LORD. Th. in>i r.ni oantain
K\ i- -it inn" ol tin- I '.i 1. 1 1. 1. -. .ii i.i 1 1 ■■ .1 mi- i Data j in tin.
... Miracli aro trotlixl umlet tin hi uli ol tbi Id gtoni
In which thej were wrought With Two Dluitntlona.
2. EMINENT BCRIPTURE CHARACTERS:
- ..I Biographical Studie* in the Old an : Ni a Teal unenta.
Illuitrated h) >i\ Viewiol Biblical cievnei, which will, it la houed,
ind uaeiul <-. .ill who tre interacted In the itodj of thvlluly
Bi rlptare,
I...1 tag >thm:m Ut, ■■ r i. ii..-t.-r s.,n.i.i... i: i'.
In i Mil*, crown Bm, "itli - l'mtniits, 24*.
JOHN FRANCIS AM) THE 'ATHENAEUM.'
■*) A l.iti:.u\ i oronlcle of Hall i Oantoiy.
Bj JOBS < . FRAN! is.
MAi mi i.i. \n £ in., LiMiiu.. London.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF
THE RIGHT HON. W. R. GLADSTONE.
O T E S a no Q U E R I E S
for l'Ki K.MI.KK 10 :nnl •_>4. 189% and JANUARY 7 and 21, 1893,
COKTADiS A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MR. GLADSTONE.
Price of tin- Pour Numbers, is. 4</. ; or bee bj port, is. 6d.
JOHN 0. FltANcls and J. EDWARD FIIAXCIS,
Xvtt* and Quartet Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancer; Lane, E.C.
N
€
OCKROACHES CLEARED WITH BLATTIS.
Deed everywhere with unfailing raccesi rinoe Mr. E. Howarth,
F.Z.S., destroyed plague of them at Sheffield Workhouse
in 1896.
SUPPLIED LY ORDER TO His MAJESTY THE kino
AT BASDRINOHAM.
amended bj l>r. H. Woodward, F.R.S., Canon K. Jacques, R.D.,
the V"" "■ ;in'' *U Ladies' Papers.
Tins Is. 3d., 2s. 3d., -if. Bd,
HOWARTH ■ PAIR, 471. Cruikanoor Road, Sheffield.
For Acidity of the Stomach.
For Heartburn and Headache.
For Gout ami Indigestion,
D
INNEFORD'S
M
A G N E S I A.
For Sour Eructations and Bilious Affections.
A Safe and most effective Aperient for
regular use.
Insurant* Companies.
VT A T I 0 N A L PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION
FOR
MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE.
Estab. 1835.
ASSURANCE AND INVESTMENT.
Write for Leaflet on
NET COST OF ENDOWMENT ASSURANCES.
48, GRACECHURC1I STREET, LONDON, E.C,
ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS, SICKNESS,
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, BURGLARY, AND
FIDELITY GUARANTEE RISKS
INSURED AGAINST BY THE
"RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
Capital (fully inhaerlbad) fl.onn.nwi Claim* |uiid fs.ooo.ooo.
•4, CORNHILL LONDON. A. VIAN. Secretary.
T II E
LITERARY SENSATION
OF 1900.
PRINTERS'PIE
Edited by
W. HUGH SPOTTISWOODE,
The Great Literary and Artistic Annual, the
Proceeds of which go to Printing Trades
Charities, is
NOW READY.
PRINTERS' PIE contains Articles,
Stories, and Drawings by
\V. L. ALDEN.
F. ANSIEY.
THE DUKE OK ARGYLL,
K.T.
ALFRED AUSTIN (POET
LAUREATE).
M. E. BRADDON.
J. M. BULLOCH.
(i. B. BURGIN.
GERALD CAMPBELL.
MARIE CORELLL
Lieut. -Col NEWNIIAM
DAVIS.
AUSTIN DOBSON.
ATHOL FORBES.
TOM GALLON.
SARAH GRAND.
C. J. CUTCLIFFE IIYNK.
K. V. LUCAS.
IL W. LUCY.
BARRY PAIN.
MAX PEMBERTON.
MOSTYN T. PIGOTT.
WILLIAM LE QUEUX.
FRANK RICHARDSON.
\V. PETT RIDGE.
ADRIAN BOSS.
DORA SIGERSON.
G. R. SIMS.
KATHARINE TYNAN.
ISRAEL Z A NO WILL.
CECIL ALDIN.
G. D. ARMOUR.
11. M. BATEMAN.
LEWIS BAUMER.
GEORGE BELCHER.
II. M. BROCK.
TOM BROWNE.
DUDLEY BUXTON.
FRANK CHESWORTH.
CHARLES FOLKARD.
HARRY FURNISS.
C. DANA GIBSON.
JAMES GREIG.
JOHN HASSALL.
L RAVEN HILL.
GUNNING KING.
WILL OWEN.
CHARLES PEARS.
F. PEG RAM.
E. T. REF.D.
REGINALD SAVAGE.
PENRHYN STANLAWS.
LANCE THACKERAY.
F. H. TOWNSEND.
LESLIE WTLLSON.
DAVID WILSON.
LAWSON WOOD.
STARR WOOD.
What PRINTERS' PIE has done :
In 1903, when Mr. Spottiswoode first produced
the Annual <>n behalf of the Funds of the Printers'
Pension Corporation, 10,000 copies Mere sold.
In 19(14, the entire edition of 'J."), 000 copies was
sold out.
In 1905, the entire edition of 40,000 was sold
out.
THIS YEAR 50,000 COPIES
BEING PRODUCED.
ARE
Each Copy sold benefits a Charity whose work
has peculiar claims for public support.
Each Copy has attached to it an Accident
Insurance Coupon for £2,000 for
three months.
1/-
ON SAL E
AT ALL
BOOKSTALLS AND NEWSAGENT!
1/-
N0TES AND QUERIES.
GENERAL INDEXES.
THE FOLLOWING ARE --TILL IX
STOCK:—
a «. <L
GENERAL INDEX,
FOURTH SERIES .33
GENERAL INDEX.
SIXTH SERIES .06
GENERAL INDEX,
SEVENTH SERIES .06
GENERAL INDEX,
EIGHTH SERIES .06
For Copies by post an additional Three-
pence is charged.
JOHNC. FRANCIS & J. EDWARD FRAN'
Notes <u<>1 Queries Office, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
AS AUTHORIZED TO BE USED BY
BRITISH SUBJECTS.
THE
NATIONAL FLAG,
BEING
THE UNION JACK.
COPIES OF
NOTES AND QUERIES
For JUNE 30, 1900.
Can still be had, Is. \d. free by post, con-
taining an Account of the Flag, with
Coloured Illustration according to Scale.
JOHN C. FRANCIS & J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
Notes and Queries Office, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
N°4102, June 9, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
715
LONDON LIBRARY,
ST. JAMES'S SQUARE, S.W.
Patron— HIS MAJESTY THE KING. President.— The Right Hon. A. J. BALFOUR, M.P.
Vice-Presidents— The Right Hon. VISCOUNT GOSCHEN ; FREDERIC HARRISON, Esq.; GEORGE MEREDITH, Esq.
ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE, Esq., F.R.S.
Trustees— EARL of ROSEBERY, K.G. ; Right Hon. LORD AVEBURY, F.R.S. ; HENRY YATES THOMPSON, Esq.
Committee — Sir Rowland Blennerhassett, Bart. LL.D., Dr. J. H. Bridges, Horace T. Brown, Esq. F.R.S., Prof. Ingrain
Bywater, Prof. Lewis Campbell, LL.D., Austin Dobson, Esq. LL.D., Sydney Gedge, Esq., Sir A. Geikie, F.R.S., Sir R.
Giffen, K.C.B. F.R.S., Edmund Gosse, Esq. LL.D., Mrs. J. R. Green, Rev. W. Hunt, M.A. Litt.D., Sir C. P. Ilbert,
K.C.S.I., Sir C. M. Kennedy, K.C.M.G. C.B., Sidney Lee, Esq. Litt.D., \V. S. Lilly, Esq., Sidney J. Low, Esq., Sir
Frank T. Marshals, C.B., Sir F. Pollock, Bart., Rev.' J. H. Rigg, D.D., II. R. Tedder, Esq., Rev. H. Waee, D.D., Sir
Spencer Walpole, K.C.B., A. W. Ward, Esq. Litt.D. LL.D.
The Library contains about 220,000 Volumes of Ancient and Modern Literature, in various Lan-
guages. Subscription, 3/. 3a. a year, with an entrance fee of 1/. Is. ; Life Membership, according to age.
Fifteen Volumes are allowed to Country and Ten to Town Members. Beading-Room Open from Ten to
Half-past Six. The NEW CATALOGUE (1626 pp. 4to, 1903) is now ready, price 21. 2s. ; to Members, 25s.
" One of the most sagacious and .judiciously liberal men I have ever known, the late Lord Derby, said there was a
kind of man to whom the best service that could be rendered was to make him a life member of the London Library."
W. E. H. LECKY.
C. T. HAGBERG WRIGHT, LL.D., Secretary and Librarian.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
THIS WEEK'S NUMBER CONTAINS-
NOTES : — Holyoake Bibliography — Anglo-Saxon Names as Surnames— Robert Greene's Prose Works —
Sanatorium at Midhurst — Michel Family — Poem by Fielding — Chepstow Castle and Sir Nicholas
Kemeys — Verify your References — Thiers and the Dosne Family — Alfonso and Victoria — "Pale
Ale " as a Nickname for Englishmen.
QUERIES :— Jean Nicot— Col. Hugh Forbes— " In a huff"— Corn-rent— Edouard Pingret— Mountain
Family — "Deployment" — "Nuts in May " — Order of the Royal Oak — Authors of Quotations
Wanted — St. Andrew's, Antwerp — Burner's Theatrical Portraits — Sir William Gordon, Banker
— Shakspeare for Foreigners — Balasore — St. Genius — Direction Post v. Signpost — "Mininin,"a
Shell — Miss Meteyard — Banner or Flag — Mary Munday at Mullion Cove— Gild Churches — Ruskin
and Taormina.
REPLIES : — Blandina — Dover- Winchester Road — Decuyper's ' College Alphabet ' — West's Picture of
the Death of General Wolfe — " Plane " = S3Tcamore — Tarot Cards — Mr. Bradley's ' Highways and
Byways in South Wales ' — Prisoner suckled by his Daughter — Pidgin or Pigeon English — Female
Violinists — Tom Thumb's First Appearance in London — Polytechnic Institution, 1S38 — Gallie
Surname — "Anon" — Chichele's Kin — Heraldic — Coleridge and Newman on Gibbon — Canbury
House, Middlesex — Rev. Samuel Marsden, Chaplain of N.S.W. — J. Rampini — Vandecar — The
Babington Conspiracy — Travelling in England, 1600-1700 — Earl's Eldest Son and Supporters —
' Century of Persian Ghazels, 1851 ' — Doncaster Weather-Rime — Dogs at Constantinople — Duke
of Guelderland : Duke of Lorraine — Ralph, Lord Hopt in — Ropes used at Executions — Abbey or
Priory — Hafiz, Persian Poet— The Gunnings of Castle Coote.
NOTES ON BOOKS :— ' Hakluytus Posthumus '— « The King's English '— ' The Fool of Quality '— ' The
English Historical Review' — 'The Quarterly Review' — -'The Burlington Magazine' — Reviews
and Magazines.
Notices to Correspondents.
LAST WEEK'S NUMBER CONTAINS-
NOTES : — A Dowsing-Jessop Forgery — "Bung" and "Tun" — Greene's Prose Works— "Roan" : its
Etymology — "Duma'— "Swerve" — Edward IV. in the National Portrait Gallery — Kipling's
'With Scindia to Delhi' — "Pannier Market" — "Revenue": its Pronunciation— Shakespeare :
a Remarkable Folio — Funeral Garlands— Peat— Parish Constables.
QUERIES: — Snakes in South Africa — Napoleon and the Grand Duchess Catherine of Russia — Gray's
'Elegy': its Translations — Defoe on the Vicar of Baddow — G. Rossetti's ' Tre Ragionamenti ' —
" A thimbleful of sense" — Tuilcries Garden in 1796 — 'Aryan Sun-Myths' — Italian Songs —
Japanese and Chinese Lyrics— Sir William Noye's Wife — May Light and Young Men's Light —
Olvarius's History — Cateaton Street — Seventeenth-Century Libraries — Shakespeare's Creations —
Anne Gliddon — Nottingham Psalter — Spain and England — Twyford Abbey.
REPLIES :— " Rose of Jericho"— Epitaph at Bowes, Yorkshire—" Brock " : " Badger "—Henry Angelo
— Mr. Thompson of the 6th Dragoons — Americans in English Records — Delmer — Ladies' Head-
dresses in the Theatre— " Cast not a clout till May be out "—Travelling in England—" Saturday "
in Spanish — "Place" — "Pour" — Coleridge and Newman on Gibbon— Earthquakes in Fiction —
Escutcheon of Pretence — ' Leicester's Ghost ' —The Gunnings of Castle Coote — Leighton's ' British
Crests '—Authors of Quotations Wanted— Dr. Richard Garnett— Lord Camelford's Duel— Bury
Family.
NOTES ON BOOKS :—' Lands and their Owners in Galloway '—' The Assemble of Goddes'— ' The
Magazine of Fine Arts.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
Notices to Correspondents.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
Notes a»<l Queries Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. ; and of all Newsagents.
NEXT WEEK'S ATHENiEUM will contain
Reviews of DR. J. HOLLAND ROSE'S THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE EUROPEAN
NA TI0NS and B UCK WHALEI'S MEMOIRS,
EDITED BY SIR EDWARD SULLIVAN.
FROM GREENING & GO.'S LIST.
— ♦
A NEW EDITION OF SWIFTS WORKS.
VOLS. I. AND II. NOW READY.
A TALE OF A TUB and
POLITE CONVERSATION.
Edited by HENRY BLANCHAMP.
Fcap. 8vo, half-cloth, top edge gilt, 2s. net each.
A BRILLIANTLY WRITTEN BOOK.
IMPERIAL PURPLE.
By EDGAR SALTUS. 3s. 6(7. net.
The ACADEMY Bays :—" Vigorous ami sensational studies of the-
Emperors and the social life of Koine, from Caesar to Heliogabalus
The work presents a vivid picture of the corruption which ruined
Koine."
NEW FICTION JUST OUT.
TWO LONDON FAIRIES. (3s. Qd.)
GEO. K. SIMS.
THE PRICE OF SILENCE. (6*.)
Mrs. E. BAGOT HARTE.
JENNIE BARL0WE, ADVENTURESS. (6s.)
ELLIOTT O'DONKELL.
THE TRIUMPH OF LOVE. (6«.)
Mrs. M. CHAN TOON.
A SON OF THE PEOPLE. (6s.)
BAROXESS ORCZY.
THE SIN OF SALOME. (3s. fid.)
A. L. HARRIS.
PAUL JEROME. (6s.)
Mrs. MARY KOCH.
UNCLE PEACEABLE. (6s.)
REGINALD TURNER.
CRESSIDA. (6s.)
Mrs. WRIGHT BIDDULPH.
THE MARRIED BACHELOR. (6s.)
H. SANT M. LANYON.
ROMANCE IN RADIUM. (3s. 6U).
J. HENRY HARRIS.
London: GREENING & CO., Ltd.,
18 and 20, Cecil Court, Charing Cross Road.
NOW READY.
Price 10s. Qd. net.
THE
NINTH SERIES
GENERAL INDEX
OF
NOTES AND QUERIES.
With Introduction by
JOSEPH KNIGHT, F.S.A.
This Index is doable the size of previous ones, as
it contains, in addition to the usual Index of
Suhjects, the Names and Pseudonyms of Writers,
with a List of their Contributions. The number of
constant Contributors exceeds eleven hundred.
The Publishers reserve the right of increasing tho
price <>f the volume at any time. The Dumber
printed is limited, and tho type has been
distributed.
Free by post, 10s. \\d.
JOHN ('. FRANI DS4 J. EDWARD FRAX< I-
tfoti l mi'! Queries Office, Bream's Building*, E.C
716 THE ATMKNJEUM N* 4102. June 9. 1906
MR. JOHN LONG'S NEW BOOKS.
WILL CREATE A TREMENDOUS SENSATION.
THE CONFESSIONS OF A PRINCESS.
Crown s\.i, doth gilt, 6s. [X i<j.
Thli "I'lk «.is hi i-in .illy pablUhad la Vienna in November but, and It* appearance created n | iftion that withl m month ofthepabUcattan tort) ll
i in- book arera Bold.
.Mi. John Long, the English publiahei , doea no) feel called u| to expreai on opinion In regard to the aathentlcitj at the ' Ponton lone' ; b«t then doabt th.
present n -t irtling picture, (ironed »i(li conenmmate knowledge ol Court life and monneri and morala, and of Boyal personage* in the - , tli.-ir foUies and
Princess's life story, aa depicted la the 'Confession*,' la tragic and pitiful and the translation cannot fail to create, in this country, a tremendous sensation.
NEW SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
Mr. JOHN LONG has much pleasure in announcing that he has commenced the Publication of the following important New Novels :
TRAITOR AND TRUE John Bloi ndbllb-Bi i:m\ THE GREENSTONE Ajlai - n*.
THE GIRL AND THE MAN Curtis ?oekb. THE MYSTERY OF MAGDALEN M n.( to m sob Kereahaw.
UNDER ONE FLAG Ri< hard Marsh. THE LITTLE GATE OF TEARS ixma Olucm.
THE CATTLE BARON'S DAUGHTER Eabold Bihdlobs. A PERSIAN ROSELEAF Lieut. Col. Axdrbv ii uu>.
PHCEBE OF THE WHITE FARM Ma* Orommelin. THE UNGUARDED TAPER Hklbe Pbothrro Li
THE BRANGWYN MYSTERY- Bavid Christd! Murray. THE BLACK PATCH I ELum*
THE PORTALS OF LOVE Mrs. Violet Twbedalb. SAVILE GILCHRIST, M.D Hblbh M. EtonxmAia
THE HEART OF HELEN L. T. Meade. MR. AND MRS. VILLIERS Husrei Wm.ks.
THE ENEMY IN OUR MIDST Waltbh Wood. FROM THE HAND OF THE HUNTER • L. J Meads.
AN INDEPENDENT MAIDEN Adeline Sergeant. LOVE AND THE KING Lucas Cleeve.
THE ALLURING FLAME J. E. Muddook. STORIES OF STRANGE WOMEN J- V I I ooks.
THE GIRLS OF INVERBARNS Sarah Tttler. LEONE- . Mis. Alfred Douglas-Hamiltoh (the late). Edited by
THE INGENIOUS CAPTAIN COBBS G. W. Appleton. her Daughter, Lady Dunbar OF MoCHRUK.
BARRY PAIN'S NEW BOOK OF HUMOUR.
WILHELMINA IN LONDON. By Barry Pain, Author of ' Eliza,' ftc.
Crown 8vo, cloth, 3*. 6'/. [X ';/.
THE NOVELS OF NAT GOULD.
Mr. JOHN LONG has much pleasure in announcing that all Mr. NAT GOULD'S NEW STORIES are exclusively published by
him, with cover designs by Mr. HARINGTON BIRD, the well-known horse painter. The following are the first six :
Price 2s. each, illustrated hoards ; or in cloth, gilt, 2s. 6d. each. Crown 8vo. 288 pages.
•ONE OF A MOB.* [Heady.
THE SELLING PLATER. [Ready.
THE LADY TRAINER. [Ready.
SIXPENNY EDITION JUST PUBLISHED.
A STRAIGHT GOER. «ty
A HUNDRED TO ONE CHANCE. V»i>j-
Price Is. Large demv Svo, 100 pages ; cover in ookra
A BIT OF A ROGUE. **>■
GENERAL LITERATURE.
A BOOK OF THE CEVENNES. By S. Baring-Gould. With Map and upwards of 50 Illustrations
on Art Paper. Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 6s. [In preparation. Pr\
*** This work is uniform in scope and size with the author's well-known l>ooks on Devon, Cornwall, Dartmoor, Biiuanv, the Riviera, <tc.
MATILDA, COUNTESS OF TUSCANY. By Mrs. Mary E. Huddy. Demy 8vo, with 4 magnificent
Photogravure Plates, 12s. net. SECOND EDITION, REVISED, WITH ADDITIONS. [TV
LOVE KNOWS AND WAITS : and other Poems. By Harriet L. Childe-Pemberton, Author of
1 Her Own Enemy,' &c. Crown 8\o, cloth gilt, 2s. 6d. net.
"■WILL OUTBID ALL KIVALS."-Bookman. "CERTAINLY WONDERFUL."- AlHBN^OM,
JOHN LONG'S CARLTON CLASSICS.
Prices : Decorative Cover, 3d. net ; artistic cloth, gilt, 6d. net ; leather, gilt top, gold-blocked back and side, Is. net : double rola., doable price.
Size, <iiii. l>y 4 in. by .'in. Length from 160 to 320 pages. Each volume contains a Biographical Introduction by the Editor. Mr. HANNAFORD
BENNETT. The first eighteen volumes are :
1. THE FOUR GEORGES W. M. Thackeray. 11. SONNETS AND POEMS Shakespeare.
2. CHILDE HAROLD'S PILGRIMAGE Lord Byron, i 12. RASSELAS Samuel Johnson.
3. MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING Shakespeare. -»,„«■ vn,,v .»».
4. WARREN HASTINGS Lokd Macahlay. ™ VOLUMES NBARLl RSADY.
5 THE LIFE OF NELSON (double vol.) Robert Southey. 13 SONNETS AND POEMS Edmund
6. TALES (Selected) Edgab Allah Pob. 14. ESSAYS (Selected) Joseph Add
15 HIS BOOK Aktk.mo Ward.
16. THE DUNCIAD, and other Poems Ai.kwm.ik Pope.
17. ENGLISH HUMORISTS OF THE EIGHTEENTH
CENTURY W. M. Thackeeay.
18. THE JUMPING FROG, aud other Sketches Make Twadl
Otlur Volumtt to follow.
Mr. JOHN LONG'S GENERAL CATALOGUE is now ready, and will be sent post free to any address.
JOHN LONG, 13 and 14, Norris Street, Haymarket, London.
7. CHRISTABEL, and other Poems S. T. Coleridge.
8. A SENTIMENTAL JOURNEY Laurence Sterne.
9. THE BLESSED DAM0ZEL, and other Poems
Dante 1 1 ibriel Rossetti.
10. ON HEROES AND HERO WORSHIP (double vol.) Thom ibCabm lb.
BditorlalOommanloationsihoald beaddietM l i.. "TIIK EDITOR"— Advertieamenti anil Bnatnati batten to "THE PUBLISHERS U the Office, Bnama Buildings, Chaneerj Lan
Published Weald) by JOHN 0 ik UIOIBand J. EDWARD FRANCIS a( Bream't Buildings, Chancers Lane, EC and Printed by J. EDWARD n; VNtis. Athenanun Press, Braaml Bnfldtnga, (
Agente for Scotland, Messrs. BELLA BBADPCTE and Mr. >oiin mkn/.iks. ■dlnbnrgh. Saturday, Jnne 8, 190s,
THE ATHEN^UM
Statural of (Kitfjlrslj attir I orrfgn literature ^rmtr*, t^ 3faw M^ Jititsit an& tlj* Drama.
No. 4103.
SATURDAY, JUNE 16, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
ATEW ROYALTY THEATRE, London, W.—
-i-1 On FRIDAY', June 29, at :i o'clock, SPECIAL MATINEE to
introduce W SAMUEL ARTHUR KING, M.A.. in his SHAKE-
SPE k RIAN RECITAL as recently given by him before the Members
of the leadinu' Universities anil Colleges of America. Preceded by
MAMMAS OPINIONS, and followed by LOVE AND HALFPENCE,
in which Miss RITA JOLIVET and Mr. WILLIAM FOEL will
appear. Seats at the Box Office and Libraries.
Societies.
BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION,
82, SACKVILLE STREET. PICCADILLY, \V. -MEETING.
.TUNE SO, 8 p.m. The following Paper will be read: 'THE ROMAN
RESIDENCY AT DARENTH, KENT, by RICHARD MANN. Esq.
GEO. PATKICK, IHon.
J. G. N. CLIFT. I Sees.
THE FOLK-LORE SOCIETY. — The CON-
CLUDING MEETING of the SESSION will be held at
SB, ALBEMARLE STREET, PICCADLLY, on WEDNESDAY,
June a0.at8P.M., when a Paper, entitled 'CUSTOM AND BELIEF
IN THE ICELANDIC SAGAS,' will be read by Miss L. WINIFRED
FARADAY. F. A. MILNE, Secretary.
11, Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
(Exhibitions.
EXHIBITION of important PAINTINGS by
MANET from the Faure Collection at Messrs. SULLEY & CO.'s
GALLERIES, 159, New Bond Street, DAILY (.TUNE 18-30), 10-5.
Admission 18., including Catalogue.
WALKER'S GALLERY, 118, New Bond
Street.— ON VIEW .TUNE 11 to .TUNE 80 inclusive. WATER-
COLOUR DRAWINGS and PENCIL AND CHARCOAL SKETCHES
by the Old Water-Colour Artists, DAVID COX. COTMAN, IIAYELL,
VARLEY, &c. Open from 10 to li ; Saturday 10 to 5.
O
BACH & CO., 168, New Bond Street, W.
EXHIBITION of PICTURES by
FRENCH AND DUTCH MASTERS of the XlXth CENTURY
NOW OPEN.
ALPINE CLUB, Mill Street, Conduit Street.—
Large DECORATIVE PANELS by .1. KERR LAWSON are
•being EXHIBITED by Messrs. CARFAX & CO. every day from
10 till 6. Admission One Shilling.
w
ILLIAM BLAKE.— EXHIBITION of
PAINTINGS and WATER COLOURS, the largest ever
brought together in England, at CARFAX GALLERY, 24, Bury
Street, St. James's, 10 till 6. Admission One Shilling
OLD BRITISH SCHOOL.— SHEPHERD'S
SPRING EXHIBITION includes choice Landscapes ami Por-
traits by the Blasters of the Old British School of Painting.
SHEPHERD'S GALLERY, '27, King Street, St. James's Square.
C
LIFFORD'S INN HALL.
FRIDAY CLUB EXHIBITION.
WORKS OF ART. ANCIENT AND MODERN.
OPEN DAILY from 10 to G till JULY 7.
Catalogues One Shilling.
WATER-COLOUR COPIES after Titian,
Turner, Borne-Jones, and others.— Apply to c R., 120, Great
Western Road, w.
CSonoxtional.
ST. PAUL'S GIRLS' SCHOOL,
BROOK GREEN, W.
An EXAMINATION for FOUNDATION SCHOLARSHIPS, i n
•to Girls under l(i years of age. will be held at the SCHOOL OH
JULY 10, n, and 12, which will exempt the Scholars from payment ol
Tuition Fees.— Further particulars may be obtained from the MEAD
MISTRESS of the School.
WESTMINSTER SCHOOL.— An EXAMINA-
TION will be li. 1.1 on JUNE 27. 2S, and 28, to fill
VA< vncies in SCHOLARSHIPS and EXHIBITIONS.— For par-
ticulars apply by letter to the BURSAR, The Bursary, Little Dean's
Yard, Westminster.
u
N I V E R S I T Y
OF
AND
MANCHESTER
MANCHESTER ROYAL INFIRMARY.
ENTRANCE MEDICAL scholarships,
two scholarships are offered, One for proficiency In \rts
and One for proficiency in SCIENCE.
Each Scholarship is of the ralne of 100L. and the successful
Candidates will be required to enter for the full Medical Curriculum
in the University and the Infirmary.
The Scholarships will be awarded to Candidates who gi\e evidence
.of a high standard of proficiency in Aits <,r Science respectively
Applications should lie sent, on or before .M'l.V l, to the
R] GI8TRAR, from whom further particulars may be obtained.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
i University of Londonl,
rORB PLAt B, B \ker street, w.
Tie col NOIL offer TWO RESEARCH SCHOLARSHIPS each of
lie- \abi.- of m(., One in PHYSIOLOGY, One In ZOOLOOTf foi the
SESSION IOOg-7 only.— Applications should be sent by .U'NI
• he PRINCIPAL, from whom furthei Information can be obtained
GT. PAUL'S SCHOOL, WEST KENSINGTON.
O —An EXAMINATION will be held at the above SCHOOL on
TUESDAY. June 26. 1906. and on the following days, for FILLING
UP SEVERAL VACANCIES ON THE FOUNDATION.— Full par-
ticulars can be obtained on application to THE BURSAR.
/CHURCH EDUCATION CORPORATION.
CHERWELL HALL. OXFORD.
Training College for Women Secondary Teachers. Principal, Miss
CATHERINE I. DODD, M.A., late Lecturer in Education at the
University of Manchester.
Students are prepared for the Oxford Teacher's Diploma, the
Cambridge Teacher's Certificate, the Teacher's Diploma of the
University of London, and the Higher Froebel Certificate
TWO SCHOLARSHIPS of 25t a year each are offered in JUNE to
Students" entering Cherwell Hall for a year's training.
Full particulars on application
THE GOVERNORS OF THE
pERSE SCHOOL, CAMBRIDGE,
Desire to call attention to the advantages offered
by this SCHOOL,
Which Prepares
BOYS FOR THE UNIVERSITIES, AND FOR
PROFESSIONAL AND COMMERCIAL CAREERS.
Under the Head Mastership of Dr. Ronse efforts have
been made to improve on the ordinary methods of Teaching.
Of the distinctive features of the School Work the following
may be specially mentioned : —
(1) Improved Teaching of the Classics, resulting in a
great saving of time.
(■J.) Spoken French and German.
(3) Teaching of English and English Literature in all
the Classes.
(4) A carefully graded Science Course.
(5) Drawing leading up to the Engineering Tripos.
The work of the Preparatory School is also specially
suited for Candidates for the Navy.
A Detailed Account of the Work of the School has been
drawn up, and may, together with the ordinary Prospectus,
be had of the Clerk to the Governors,
J. F. EADEN, Esq.,
15, SIDNEY STREET, CAMBRIDGE.
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate information relative Co
the CHOICE of schools for BOYS or GIRLS or
tutors in England or abroad
are invited to call upon or send fullv detailed particulars to
MESSRS. &ABBITAS, TURING & CO.,
who for more than thirtv years have been closely in touch With the
leading Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. TURING, Nephew of the
late Head Master of Uppingham. 'M. Sackvillc Street, London, W.
Situations ITacant.
u
NIVERSIT Y
OF
GLASGOW.
i HAIR OF HUMANITY.
The university court of the UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW
will. <>i> JULY 19, or sunn- subsequent date, proceed to appoint a
professor to occupy the a I line Chair, which is now vacant
The Professor will be required to enter on bis duties on Octo-
ber i. [80S, from which date the appointment will take effect.
The normal Salary of the post is fixed by Ordinance at 1,0001.
The Chair has an Official Residence, attached to it.
The appointment is made „,i eitam ant culpam, and carries with it
the right to a pi moon on conditions prescribed by Ordinance.
Bat li Applicant should lodge with the undersigned, who will furnish
any further Information desired, twentj copies of bis application and
twenty copies of an] Testimonials he nia\ desire to submit on m
before. It I, Y 7. 1906.
\i.\\ E CLAPPERTON,
Si ■ i ciary of the Glasgow University Court
91, west Regent Street, Glasgow.
T^HEDIYIAL SCHOOL OF LAW. CAIRO.
l,\\\ LECTURESHIP.
The EGYPTIAN ministry of EDUCATION invites applications
fo, the post ot LECTURED In the ENGLISH SECTION of the
KHBDIVIAL SCHOOL of LAW. CAIRO Salary 8161 . rising i
Candidates must be University Men. having either s liiw Degree or
other Legal (Qualification, and must have some knowledge of Preni h
required In the tiist Instance to
othei Legal Qualification, and must]
l%e successful applicant will is- re
Lecture tin English) on Roman Law
Applications, stating age and qualifications, and accompanied by
mill »t Testimonials, to be sent before .it l.v li iflOH to
DOUGLAS DUNLOP. Esq., Gullanc, Bast Lothian to whom Can
did.'tei HiJ.l apply by lettei t'o| fill t ||, I i 11 f.,1 mat ion .
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
U
NIYERSITY
OF DUBLIN.
On SATURDAY, dune 30, 190ti, the BOARD of TRINITY
COLLEGE. DUBLIN, will proceed to the ELECTION of a PRO-
FESSOR of BIBLICAL GREEK.— Applications to be addressed to
the REGISTRAR.
c
ITY OF LONDON COLLEGE,
WHITE STREET, MOORFIELDS, E.C.
The GOVERNING BODY invites applications for the post of
LECTURER in MATHEMATICS.
The Salary is B25J. per annum, and the applicant will be required to
devote his full time to the work, most of which is evening work. The
Candidate elected will be required te enter upon his duties on
OCTOBER 1. 1900.
Applications, with copies of three Testimonials, must reach the
undersigned not later than JULY 2, 1906.
DAVID SAVAGE, Secretary.
THE VICTORIA
TTNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER,
The COUNCIL is about to appoint a LECTURER in ENGLISH
LANGUAGE. — The detailed conditions of appointment may be
obtained from the REGISTRAR.
R
OYAL ALBERT MEMORIAL COLLEGE,
EXETER.
The GOVERNORS propose to appoint a LADY" LECTURER in
ENGLISH, who will also be required to take work for the Acting
Teachers Certificate Course. Graduate preferred. Salary 1301. per
annum.— Applications should be lodged with the REGISTRAR not
later than JUNE 28, 1906.
"MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, EGYPT.
HEAD MASTERSHIP.
A HEAD MASTER for the largest SECONDARY SCHOOL in
CAIRO, under the Ministry of Education, will he required in
OCTOBER NEXT. Salary 6151.— 8201. per annum.
Head Master's House, newly built, close to the School. Allowance
for passage out to Egypt. Summer Vacation not less than Two
Months.
Staff, of which English University Men form a large part, numbers
over 40.
Applicants should be laymen, between 30 and -in years of age.
Application, with statement of age. Honours at School and
University, and of experience in teaching, accompanied by copies of
Testimonials, to be sent before JUNE30, 1906, to DOUGLAS DUNLOP.
Esq., Gullane, Haddingtonshire, to whom Egyptian Candidates may
apply by letter for further information.
WILLIAM JONES'S GRAMMAR SCHOOL,
MONMOUTH.
HEAD MASTERSHIP.
The GOVERNING BODY of the above SCHOOL invite applications
for the post of HEAD MASTER, who must be a Graduate of some
University in the United Kingdom.
The School is conducted under a scheme of the Charity Com-
missioners dated February 23, 1891, and is a First-Grade School of
modern type. There arc suitable Buildings for the reception of
30(1 Hoys.
The School has a classical and Commercial side, and the Curriculum
embraces every Subject comprised in the highest class of Education,
including Subjects proper to be taught in a Public Secondary School,
The Emoluments of the Head Master consist of a Residence free of
Rent, Rates, and Taxes, with accommodation for 10 Boarders, and a
fixed Stipend of 300Z, per annum; also of Capitation Payments of a.
per annum for each Boy up to the number ot v.r\ and of :;/. per annum
tor each Roy above that number, and the profits arising from
Boarders.
There arc Thirty Scholarships tenable n the School, and Twelve
Exhibitions to any University or other place of higher education In
the United Kingdom.
The duties will commence ill SEPTEMBER NEXT.
Candidates for the appointment must send in their applications,
together with twents conies of Printed Testimonials and the names
of not more than three Persons to whom reference may be made, on
or before JULY 7. 1906, to Mr. ARTHUR VIZARD, Clerk to the
Governors, Monmouth, from whom Forms of Application and further
information may be obtained.
c
OUNTY BOROUGH OF CROYDON.
EDUCATION COMMITTEE
SEt ON DART SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, south NORWOOD.
The COMMITTEE Invite applications for the post of BEAD
MISTRESS of the above 8CHOOL.
The School [g :i Secondary School under the RegUlat ons
Board of Education, but is al present attended only hi Scholars who
intend to become Teachers in Public Element al \ Schools, of whom
there are about 900,
Applicants should hare a University Degree oi Iti t, and
must have had experience in a good Secondary Bchool,
Salary, 9601 pet annum
The appointment will dat< from SEPTEMBER 00, and
particulars of duties can 1 btained from the undersi
Applications should be made on the Official Form, to obtained
from the Clerk to the Education Committee, Katharini Street,
( 'rqydon, to whom they must be returned not later than i 1" k on
BAT! RDAY, Jubj 7, 1906, accompanied by conies ot at I. isl Thn
Testimonials of recent date. J \MI> -.Ml Til. < lerk.
M ii 29, 1906.
QOUTH WESTERN POLYTECHNIC,
kj m INREfi 1 ROAD I Ml'.l.sEA.
The GOVERNING BODY. Invite application! foi the position ol
KORM MASTED foi SEPTEMBER In the SECONDARE I'W
SCHOOL foi BOYS and GIRLS. The usual Form Subjects Com
ne i. lug Salary 1301,
t '"no-, of Application which must be returned bj 10 « u, on
i| \E 271, ami further particulars, maj he obtained from the
SECR1 i mi
718
THE A Til ENuEUM
N 11".;, J, m. 16, 1906
THE AUTOTYPE COMPANY,
7i M w (»\i ORD M kiii. LONDON, W.O.
REPRODUCTIONS IN MONOCHROME OF
FAMOUS WORKS OF ART BY THE
AUTOTYPE PERMANENT PROCESS.
Anwngtt Uu nunwrvtu PtMieationt may In mmt\
SELECTIONS from
The NATIONAL GALLERY, London.
The WALLACE COLLECTION.
The TATE GALLERY.
The WALKER ART GALLERY. Liverpool.
DRAWINGS by HOLBEIN from the Royal
Collection, Windsor Chatla
G. F. WATTS, R.A.
The Principal Works i>> t hi- Blaster.
SELECTED EXAMPLES of Sacred Art
from various Collections.
ETCHINGS by REMBRANDT.
DRAWINGS by ALBERT DUBER.
PICTURES from the LOUVRE and LUXEM-
BOUBG, PAB13.
Proipectv i tntfree on application.
Full particulars of all the Company's Publications
are given in
THE AUTOTYPE FINE - ART
CATALOGUE. Now ready, Enlarged Edition, with
Hundreds of Miniature Photographs and Tint Blocks
of Notable Autographs. For convenience of reference
the Publications are arranged Alphabetically under
Artists' Names. Post free, One Shilling.
A Visit of Inspection is invited to
The AUTOTYPE FINE-ART GALLERY,
74, NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
i University of London),
FORK PLACE. BAKEK STREET, W.
The COUNCIL are about to appoint an ASSISTANT in MATHE-
MATICS [Salary, 1001.1, and a JUNIOR DEMONSTRATOR in
PHYSICS Salary, 761 , for the SESSION 1906-7.— Applications (from
Women only), with Testimonials, to be sent by JUNE 20, to the
PRINCIPAL, tram whom particulars can be obtained.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University ..f London),
YORK PLACE. BARER STREET, W,
The COUNCIL are about to appoint a LECTURER IN" ENGLISH
LANGUAGE and LITERATURE. The Council reserve the right,
if found desirable, to make separate appointments for Language and
Mterature.— Applications, with copies of Testimonials, to be lent in
by JINK 20 to the Secretory, from whom information can he
obtained. HILDA WALTON. Secretary.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London),
YORK PLACE. BAKEK STREET, W.
The COUNCIL nre about to appoint a DEMONSTRATOR in
CHEMISTRY.— Applications, with Testimonials, to be sent In by
JUNE 90 to the Secretary, from whom particulars can be obtained.
HILDA WALTON. Secretary.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London),
YORK place, BAKER STREET, W.
Th.- COUNCIL are al i to appoint an assistant LECTURER
in EK KNcil. who shall be :i Woman specially qualified In Linguistics.
Applications, with Testimonials, to be sent In by JUNE 20 to the
Secretary, from whom particulars can be obtained.
HILDA walton, Secretary.
BEDFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(University of London),
YORE PLACE. BAKEK STREET, W.
The COUNCIL are about to appoint ■ woman as PHYSICAL
INSTRUCTOR who will be required to give her whole time to her
duties in the College,
Applications, with Testimonials, to be sent in by JUNE SO to the
Secretary, from whom particular! tan be obtained.
HILDA WALTON. Secretary.
OUNTY BOROUGH OF CROYDON.
C
EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
The COMMITTEE Invite applications for the appointment of
■ IYS.CEN'
POLYTECHNIC, CROYDON
FORM MASTERat the SECONDARY SCHOOLfor l!o\
.THAI.
Salary IBOf, per am I, rising bj annual increments of 10J, to |
maximum of sow, nor annum.
The Salary «ill be subject to an annual percentage deduction In
accordance with the provisions of the Superannuation Scheme
adopted bj the Coum il under the powers of the Croydon Corporation
A, i. 1808.
Applications, stating age, experience, and full particulars of
qualifications, together with oopies <>f Testimonials, must reach the
undersigned not later than SATURDAY, JULY 7. 1006,
JAMES SMYTH, Clerk.
Education Office, Katharine street, Croydon,
June 11. 1006,
II
\\\.\:\ MUNICIPAL B< ll'Mii. hi ART-
Al | I I..I I. a ll„ ,.. i, .
.1 il c||oo|
!■■ •• uini ii hi l-l I M III l; \) \ I 1 lir
i" »•• k- na.it «t I, old tin <
III l« gitm i >• i
I I,. I . . . ■ I : ■ I .1 .,] i .lul. I I., lli. ,...|t|..|, .III I.
\) - It,, lu, In. Ml, li Ui bis
dull, - II. will 1. I. ,1,1,, ,1 t,. a..l-t in (In
Uu School I t.. ,i, , roch Lecture* iu tin I
Application! -> I ,u., lin, :,i i, ■■• i, .., lot. •
il rith not i
• I. -t iio.t.i .1- .in1. ,!►., i "Assistant M ■ -ei.l, on ol
H'NI .i in
ARTIII It < MALI. 1 VI
Town Hill. Haul. J
|> o R o U G II
mimi rPAl BBOONDAR1 M BOOL,
WANTED, fa the above Mixed School, SENIOB MI8T1
illj .|ualiti..i iii French Commencing Balnn 19
biennial Increments of in/ to isof, per annum, with imUe-i mm
a ut. ui i it r ini , em, nt - ui ..li .|H.. [al recommi ndatlon
Additional n niiiii. lation will lie given 'or Evcnlni; B< ! 1 •
Candidates mUSt llC lit admit I -. Duties to I OI1IIIM MliEII
NEXT
lo .lions, endorsed "Senior Mistress, stating age, uiialinoa-
ti.. us, and exiierience, together with copies <>nl\ "I three recent
Testimonials, to be sent to the undersigned not lata than SATURDAY
the 2Srd inslant.
w \i.TF.K mi m.kia E, Town Clerk.
Saalingden, June 13, 1906.
OF HA8LINGD E X.
I EAMINGTON MUNICIPAL DAY SCHOOL
1 i Foit GIRLS AND P. T CENTRE
u \NTF.D [to commence duties in SEPTEMBER NEXT' an
VSSI8TANT MISTRESS. Siwcial Sill - I eographj and Mathe-
matics. Blgh School Eiiueation and Degree lor equivalent qualiflca-
inn are essential. Commencing Salary will In- at the rate I
per annum (non-residentl.
Applications, with copies of three Testimonials, endorsed " Appoint-
ment of Assistant Mistress, should be sent not later than
SAT! RDAY, the 23rd instant, to THE DIRECTOR OF EDUCA-
TION, Avenue Road, Leamington Spa.
LEO it AW LINBON, Clerk to the Education Authority.
Dated this 12th da] of June, 1M06.
flOUNTY BOROUGH OF WEST HARTLE-
\J POOL.
BECONDARY DAY SCHOOL.
WANTED, for the above SCHOOL, an assistant MISTRESS,
to take Mathematics, Latin. French torali. and Genera] English
Subjects. Preference given to one of good academic standing. Salary
1 lor per annum.
Applications, stating age, experience, and qualifications, together
with three Testimonials, to be sent not later than JUNES:, iikk;.
J. G. TAYLOR, Secretary.
Town Clerk's Office, West HartlepooL
E I )UC ATION COM M ITTE E.
"OIRKENHEAD
GIRLS' SECONDARY SCHOOL AND PtPILTEAi HER CENTRE.
WANTED for the NEW SECONDARY SCHOOL for GIRLS, to be
opened in the Autumn Term, a SCIENCE MISTRESS, to teach
Chemistry and Physics and to take charge of s Laboratory. Graduate.
Initial salary 1301. per annum, rising, subject to satisfactory service,
by annual increments of ■">'. to I4a/. per annum.
A MATHEMATICAL MISTRESS. Graduate, and qualified to
teach either Latin. Geography, or History. Salary UOJ. per annum
rising, subject to satisfactory service, by annual increments of H. to
1 ;.">/. jier annum.
A MISTRESS of PHYSICAL EXERCISES with ability to organize
(James and to teaell some other snhjeet or Subjects Of the School
curriculum, Salary 057. or 1001., rising, eubjei I to satisfactory service,
by annual in. rein, ids of 61. to a maximum of 18W. per annum.
Teaching experience In Secondary Schools, or training, necessary in
all cases.
Canvassing Members of the Committee will he considered a
disqualification.
For forms of a]. plication, which must be returned by Jl'LY' l.
endorsed " Secondary School," apply to
ROBERT T. JONES, Secretary.
Education Department, Town Hall. Birkenhead,
June 12, 1906.
c
OUNTY BOROUGH OF WEST HAM.
MUNICIPAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE.
The council invite applications for the following appointments :—
A LADY qualified to teach SHORTHAND and BOOK-KEEPING
1., Girls preparing for Commercial Life. Salary so/, per annum.
rising by annual increments of 10/. to a maximum of 1001. par
'' A JUNIOR MALE ASSISTANT in the school of ART. qualified
to tea.li Design. Salary 110?., rising by an annual increment of 107. to
a maximum Of l'J07. per annum.
Particulars of duties, fee. .an be obtained on sending a fullv
addressed foolscap envelope to the PRINCIPAL, Municipal Technical
Institute. Romford Road, West Ham, E.
All applications must be lodged with the Principal before noon,
JINK 25, 1908.
By Order of the Council.
FRED. E. HlI.LEARY. Town Clerk.
June li. 1906.
w
OOLWICH POLY T E C H N I C.
The GOVERNORS of the Woolwich POLYTECHNIC invite
application for the appointment of assistant AKT MASTER.
Commencing Salary I20J per annum,- Further particulars may he
obtained from the PRINCIPAL ion receipt of a stomped and
B 1 hissed envelope), to whom applications should he forwarded not
later than JUNE 90.
SCHOOL OF ART.— JUNIOR MALE Assis-
tant WANTED m SEPTEMBER at BTOCKPORT TECH
N HAL BCHOOL. Salary SOT. Particulars from the PRINCIPAL, to
whom applications must be sent not later than JUNE 96.
PITY AND COUNTY BOROUGH OF
\J BE] FAST.
BRANCH LIBRARIAN.
The LIBRARY and TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION COMMITTEE
Invite applications for the post ,,f BRANCH LIBRARIAN foi the
new BRANCH LIBRARY, OLDPARB ROAD, Balarj 1001 per
annum.
Candidates are required to lia\o had previous experience In Public
Library Work and Organisation, and to state their experience in
Classification and Cataloguing.
Age not to exceed W. Applications, with copies of Hire, Testi-
monials, to be addressed t.. THE CHAIRMAN, The Public Library.
Belfast, marked on the Envelope " Branch Librarian," and delivered
on or before JINK 19, 1906.
Canvassing will disqualify.
G. H. ELLIOTT, chief Librarian
June :,. IDM,
AVnl I II WAN I ED Ooa brought op at a
£ttuntions (Uilantf&.
CI ERMAN YOUNG LADY HE
' ■ Hell
M\ VI I. -I., lit- I M;1
tli Moltoti Mmi w
I ADV RW RETARD
I .i ]• Shorthand, T
BARB
< ale'l|l...iy. L.lidoii
SEEKS POST. I.
Road,
rpo PUBLISHER* l DITOR8. EMPLOY-
I KENT tt'ASI ED in m :
MSB. read anil pri I
h Mi, s.i, in . '.
knowli ini. nt.il Attain, and I I
VIZETELLY. «l. Southampton Buildiu N <
AN active YOUNG MAN (23) reqnirag
i I I LISHI Its oi l;oi
TANT. Can supply good IxfumujesL— T., Box lvT'i. Athriurum Press,
13, Bream's Buildings. Chancery Lane I
SEARCHES a1 BRITISH MUSEUM Mid other
LIBRARIES in English, French. Flemish, li ,n. and
Latin. Seventeen yean -J. A. RANDOLPH
Alexandra Road, Wimbledon, s.w.
rpRANSLATIONS, RESEARCH WORK,
1 required by qualified LADY, thoroughly convensuit wil
Modern I.. i - linical and other Suhj«-t». — Address U P
ca t Hi --i- 1. 1/ H i
LITERARY RESEARCH undertaken at the
British Museum and elsewhere on moderate t< rnu>. Ej
Testimonials.— A.B., Box 1082, Atbemeuiu Pi angi,.
Chancery Line, E> .
iHtsrcllanrous.
PUBLISHIN(J. — An opportunity occurs for an
INVESTMENT In a PUBLISHING HOU8E. J.O00/. •
would be required, and occupation could be given if desired.— VVritr
LITERATURE, Athenaeum Press i :. Bream's Bull
A N OPENING occurs for a GENTLEMAN (not
X*- overIK of sound education and Lite..
obtain TRAINING under a well-known LONDON EDITOR.
Premium 1007.— Address, in first instance, to Kvpovaoc, R< .
Willini? s. 128. Strand, W.C.
AUSTRALIA and NEW ZEALAND.—
il TRAVELLER for a leading LONDON PUBLISHER intends
taking a journey through these Colonies in the late Autumn, and is
desirous of REPRESENTING, on reasonable tei TWO
ADDITIONAL HOUSES Igoodl, either in Publishing or ABied
Trades. Accounts already o|ien with all tl: s«i. —
Address X. Y. Z.. care of Pool's Advert K.c.
TO AUTHORS and PUBLISHERS.— A well-
known CAMBRIDGE MAN. M.A.. is ojH-n to ADTI8E
Al'THOiis, Revise Copy or Proofs, fcc. Hignest rcteixix-es.— Address-
M.. Box ion, Athenssum Press, u. Bream's Buildings, I I
M
AOAZIXK STORIES and ESSAT8 of a
light, s.m ial character W ANTED- Send for particulars to-
M.. 17:. Sells Advertising offices. London. E.C.
\7ACANCES en FRANCE.— A la Ounpag
V Pension ct Lecpns, G francs par jour. Maison ties distinguee.
Conversation. Levees, Excursions. Tennis. Chemin de Fer. Trlerraphr.
Telephone.— Adr. Madame DELACROIX-MARSY. Fere en-Tat
Aisne.
AN old-established PROVINCIAL WEEKLY
A and SERIES, with Jobbing Business attached, mnv. owing to
death and consequent chances, shortly he OPEN Foil DIS
PRIVATE TREATY. Goodwill and Copyright, with whole ,.f th.-
Plant, Machinery, and Fixtures. nl«uit laaol. Annual turnover
nearly 10.0001. — Address ROTARY, cue 9 -:«per
Society. 14, New Bridge Street, London, E.c
©iipf-vjOlritrrs. ^-r.
TYPE-WRITING, 9>l. per 1,000 words. Trans-
lations.-W. T. CIKTIS. 10, llaiiiicey Park. Crouch End. N.
TYPE-WR1TTNG of all deecriptionB WANTED
by LADY (Royal Barlock Madiinei. Work carefuUy done nn.l
uromptly returned. lOd. l.'HW words.— Miss BRIDGES, Parsoiu^e.
Rudgwick.
TYPE-WRITIXl J.-MSS.. SCIENTIFIC, and
of all Descriptions, COPIED. Bpeetal attention to work
requiring care. Dictation Rooms [Shorthand or Tvi»cMr
Usual terms -Misses E li and I. FAKKAN. Donington House, SO,
Norfolk Street. Strand, lyondon.
TYPE WRITING undertaken by highly pduoated
Women ,< lassi.al Trijnis : Osunbridge Higher Local; Modern
Languagcsl. Research. Revision, Translation. Dictation Room.—
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPEWKITING AGENCY. 10, Duke St
adelphl, W 0
TYPE- WRITING, 9rf. per 1,000 words. All
kinds of MSS. STORIES, PLAYS
Carbons, id. iht 1.000. Baal references.— M. KING T, Corona \
Pinner Road, Harrow.
AUTIIORS'MSS.. NOV El.S.SIOlxlES, PLAYS,
I 3SAYS TYPEWRITTEN with oomstata accuracy M. per
1,000 words. Clear Carls, n Conies cuarmteed References to well-
known Writers.— M. STUART, Thirllvink Koxl»rough Road. Harrow
N°4103, June 16, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
719
AUTHORS' MSS., 9d. per 1,000 words.
SERMONS, PLAYS, ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPED at home (Remington). Good paper. Orders promptly exe-
cuted.—M. L. L., 7, Vernon Road ; now known as 18, Edgeley Road,
Clapham, S.W.
THE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
The interests of Authors capably represented. Agreements for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed with Publishers.— Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. BURGrH.ES, 34, Paternoster Row
A UTHORS, Published and Unpublished, in need
J\. of GUIDANCK and ASSISTANCE, should write for particulars
to THE AUTHORS' ADVISORY BUREAU, conducted by Mr.
GORDON RICHARDS, for many years Literary Reader and for
some time Fiction Editor of the Messrs. Harmsworth, assisted by
Mr. WILKINSON SHEKREN. Member of the Society of Authors.
Fiction a speciality.— Address 20, Buckingham Street, West Strand,
London, W.C.
$btospap*r JVg^nts.
"VTORTHERN NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE,
-L> KENDAL, ENGLAND,
Supplies Editors with all kinds of Literary Matter, and is open to hear
from Authors concerning Manuscripts.
YTEWSPAPER PROPERTIES
J-> BOUGHT, SOLD, VALUED, AND SUPPLIED WITH
EVERY REQUISITE.
The London Agency of an additional limited number of Provincial
and Colonial Newspapers can he undertaken.
Full particulars from
THE IMPERIAL NEWS AGENCY,
2 and 4, Tudor Street, London, E.C.
Catalogms.
EEADERS and COLLECTORS will find it to
their advantage to write for .7. BALDWINS MONTHLY
CATALOGUE of SECOND-HAND BOOKS, sent post free en applica-
tion. Books in all Branches of Literature. Genuine bargains in
Scarce Items and First Editions. Books sent on approval if desired.—
Address, 14, Osborne Road, Leyton, Essex.
HH. PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street, Leicester,
. issues CATALOGUES of MSS. ami BARE BOOKS post free
to Book Collectors. No. 17 includes MS. Testament from Evesham,
and other MSS.— Early Printing— Gower, Confessio Amantis, 1694, Ac.
R
E M
N D
R S.
GAY & BIRD
Having purchased many Volumes, including
ART, BIOGRAPHY, TRAVEL, POLITICAL ECONOMY, &ft,
Published by MACMILLAN & CO., arc offering them at low prices.
CATALOGUE POST FBEE.
GAY & BIRD, 22, Bedford Street. London.
AMERICANA is the title of our latest CATA-
LOGUE of RARE BOOKS and PRINTS. If you are interested
in Columbus's Letter, 14114 12501.1, Verra/./.ano's World Globe, 1630
1,6002.), Vespucius's Letter, 1603 (6002.), Vesnucius's Cosmography,
lr>n~ (1601.), and 1,670 other rare items on the U.S., Tobacco, the
Philippine Islands, fcc, send a post, aid t.. LUDWIG ROSENTHAL'S
ANTKiUARlAT, Hildegardstrasse, 16, Munich, Bavaria,
LEIGHTON'S
TLLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of EARLY
A PRINTED and other INTERESTING BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS,
and BINDINGS,
OFFERED FOR SALE BY
J. & J. LEIGHTON, 40, Brewer Street, Golden Square, W.
Thick Svo, 1,738 pp., 6,200 items, with upwards of 1,360 Reproductions
in Facsimile.
Bound in art cloth, gilt tops, 25s. ; half morocco, gilt tops, 30s.
Part X. (Supplement i containing A. with 206 Illustrations.
Price 2s. Just issued.
CATALOGUE No. 4.1.— Drawings, Engravings,
and Books, including at) extensive and hue Collection of the
Plates of Turner's LIBER STUDIORUM and other Engravings after
Turner— Hogarth's Engravings — Whistler's Etchings — Works by
Buskin. fcc. Post free, Sixpence.— WM. WARD, 2, church Terrace,
Richmond, Surrey.
riLAISHER'S REMAINDER BOOK
^J CATALOGUE. JUNE SUPPLEMENT NOW READY.
Extensive Purchases of Publishers' Remainders at Greatly Reduced
Prices.
WILLIAM GLAI8HER, Remainder and Discount Bookselli r,
2*>">, High Solborn, London, W.C.
Uso a VMfal CATATjOGUE of POPULAR CURRENT LITERATURE,
andoneof FRENCH NOVELS. CLASSICS. 4c,
ANCIENT and MODERN COINS.— Collectors
and Antiquarians arc invited to apply to SPINK & BOH,
Limited, for Specimen Copy (gratis) of their NUMI8MATIO CIRCU-
LAR The finest Greek, Roman, and English Coins on View and for
Sale at Moderate Prices.— SPINK k SON, Liuitid, Experts. Valuers.
Mel Cataloguers, 1(1, 17. and IS. Piccadilly, London, W. Established
upwards of a Century.
1UST PUBLISHED, Till', INTERNATIONAL
■*) BOOK CIRCULAR. No. 142. containing .-< Classified List of
\KW and numerous valuable SECOND IIAM> BOOKS. Specimen
wii.i.iams fc NORGATE, Book Importers, 14, Henrietta
81 reet, Covenl Garden, W.C,
BOOKS. All OCT (»| PRINT and RARE
BOOKS oi, nnvsubi, , t SUPPLIED The mart expert Bookflnder
extant Pleaseitati wants and ask for CATALOGUE. Imakeas]
feature of exchanging anj Saleable Books for others selected from mj
various Lists Special Lint of 2,000 Hooks | particularly want posl
— EDW. BAKF.KS Great Bookshop, u-l«, John Bright Street, lib
on neb. mi, OSOU Wilde s POCIDI >'.'l.«.<. tor i',s. W, (Ofljj 200 ll
0 R G E
CRUIKSHANK.
Dealers or Private Individuals who secured
desirable Items from the recent Truman Sale of
Cruikshankiana which they wish to re-sell (Books,
Caricatures, Plain or Coloured, Lottery-Puffs,
Woodcuts, Chap-Books, Original Drawings, &c)
are requested to send full description of same,
with price, to
EDWIN H. WENDELL,
500 Fifth Avenue, New York, U.S.A.
THE BUILDER, handsomely hound Copies
from 184S to 1898, together with loose numbers to 1902. TO BE
SOLD.— Apply Box 1127 Athena-um Press, 13. Breams Buildings, E.C.
THE BIRTHPLACE OF GEORGE BORROW, THE WELL-
KNOWN AUTHOR.
EAST DEREHAM, NORFOLK. — Valuable
FREEHOLD FARM of about 50 acres. With spacious Red-
brick and Tiled Residence. Pleasantly situated, with Southern
aspect. Suitable Agricultural Buildings, Dairy, fcc., together with
several Enclosures of Arable and Pasture Land, in a good state of
cultivation, the whole being let on a Yearly Tenancy at 622. 10s\
FOR SALE by PRIVATE TREATY, or if not previously disposed
of will be offered by AUCTION, at the Kings Head Hotel, East
Dereham, on WEDNESDAY. June 20, at 4 o'clock.
Particulars of the Auctioneer, Mr. T. H. WARREN. Hill House,
East Dereham, and Swaffham, and of HAMPTON & SONS. 2 and 3,
Cockspur Street, S.W.
^al*s bg Ruction.
Tiro days' sale of General Natural History Specimens.
TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, June 19 and ?0
at half-past IS o'clock.
MR. J. C. STEVENS will OFFER, at his
Rooms, 38, King Street, Covenl Garden, London, W.C, a
PORTION of the COLLECTION of BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA
formed by Dr. JAMES SCOTT SEQUEIRA, to which is added Exotic
Lcpidoptcra in Boxes and Papers— Heads and Horns of Big Game,
Minerals, Shells, Birds' Eggs, Polished Agates, Ambers, Ivory Tusks,
fcc., sold by order of the Executors of the late Major INI), of Itlley,
Oxford— Birds set up in Glass Cases— important Collection of British
and Foreign Land and Freshwater Shells, comprising about 14,000
Specimens — Cabinets, &c
on view Monday prior 10 to 5 and mornings of sale. Catalogues on
application.
MR
jli- ci
Curiosities.
TUESDAY, June SC, at half-past 1? o'clock:
J. C. STEVENS'S NEXT SALE of
IURIOS from all parts will be held at his Rooms, 38, King
Street, Covent Garden. London, W.C, and will include amongst other
things some tine Lacquer and Cloisonne Swords from Japan— about
Thirty Lots of old Lace— Chinese Pictures and Drawings— Native
Weapons— Peruvian Mummy— Coins and Medals. fcc.
On view day prior, 10 to 5 and morning of Sale. Catalogues oir
application.
Sales of Miscellaneous Properly.
MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce
SALES are held EVERY FRIDAY, at his Rooms, 38,
Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C, for the disposal of M
SCOPES, SLIDES, and OBJECTIVES — Telescopes— Theodo
Levels— Electrical and Scientific Instruments— Cameras, Lensi
all kinds of Photographic Apparatus— Optical Lanterns with
and all Accessories in great variety by Best Makers — Hot]
Furniture— Jeweller3f — and other Miscellaneous Property,
On view Thursday 2 to 5 ami morning of Sale.
Valuable Books, including a Portion of the Library oi the
late JAMES ST A ATS FORBES, Esq. (by order of the
Executors), and other Private Properties.
ESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
that
King
K'RO-
lites-
•s. and
Slides
lehold
M1
bv auction, at their Galleries, 47. Leicester Square, W.C., on
THURSDAY, June 28. ami Following Day, at 10 minutes past l o'cloi k
precisely, VALUABLE BOOKS, including Bedford s Art Sales. 2 vols.
Moore s Views in Rangoon, Coloured Plates -Rues, Toms et Tourelle
de la Relgioue— The Royal Galleries of Vienna, Madrid, St. Peters-
burg, fcc. -Illustrated Fine Art Catalogues English Art. 19 vols.—
Baden's Etudes o l'Eau Forte — Monographs on the Basilic:, „f
St. Mark published hi Ongania, of '\ enice, IS vols.— UenpeB'i Etchings
and Dry Points LaGalerie itoyale de Munich -Die Gemalde Galene
in Wicn, 1886— Mudford's Campaign in the Netherlands, Coloured
Plates A count of tic Preservation of Charles II.. extra-illustrated
with lure Portraits a Collection of Fust Editionsof Popes Works
Bacon's (Apologje, 1608, and fcpophthegmeft, 1685— First Editions of
Oil kens .-mil Thackeray ~ Autograph Letters — Ex-Eibris — Earl]
Printed Books, fco.
MESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON * WOODS
respectfully give notice that they «ill hold the following
SALES by AUCTION at their Great Rooms. King Street, St. JameSs
Square, the Sales commencing at 1 o'clock precisely s—
On MONDAY, June IS, MODERN PICTURES
and DRAWINGS.
On TUESDAY, .lime l«i. a valuable COLLEC-
TION of DRAWINGS by the old Mast.,.- ; ETCHINGS by J. M.
Whistler and Bb F. Seymour Baden.
On TUESDAY, .Line 10, and WEDNESDAY,
i 1 20 OLD ENGLISH PORCELAIN and OBJECTS oi VERTTJ of
W, n. M ILLIGAN, Esq., deceased
On THURSDAY, June 21, OLD ENGLISH and
FOREIGN SILVER of Mrs AMELIA CARTER, deceased: (. II.
HEIGHAM, Esq., deceased ; o A. IIII.EV. Esq. ; and others.
On FRIDAY, .Line 22. PORCELAIN and
DECORATIVE FURNITURE from rarloui sources,
On SATURDAY, .Line 2.'!. MODERN PIC-
TURES and DRAWINGS of the Continental BchooU, the Properti ..i
..I vi'l.UM IN.
SALES by AUCTION, &c, continued on p. 720.
MR. HEINEMANN'S
NEW BOOKS.
AFGHANISTAN.
By ANGUS HAMILTON, Author of Korea,' &e.
With Map, Illustrations, and numerous Appendices.
Demy 8vo, 258. net. [Next week,
An exhaustive account of the conditions of the country,
and its relations with Russia and India. The political and
economic aspects are fully discussed. The general reader
will be fascinated by the sketches of the domestic life of
the Ameer, and the valuable description of the Oxus, its
fords, trade, and the strategic value of the roads which
approach it.
Prospectus on application,
GEORGE MOORE'S NEW BOOK.
MEMOIRS OF MY DEAD
LIFE.
By GEORGE MOORE. 1 vol. Gs.
LEO TOLSTOY:
His Life and Work.
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS, LETTERS, AND
BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL.
Compiled by PAUL BIRUKOFF and Revised by
LEO TOLSTOY.
In 1 vol. demy 8vo, with Illustrations, 6s. net.
DAILY CHRONICLE.— "We see the prophet, in the
making, the genius in full ferment, and learn to understand
better than before both the peculiar strength and the
weakness of ' the great writer of the Russian land.' "
FELICITY IN FRANCE.
By CONSTANCE MAUD. 1 vol. (S$.
Miss Maud, already well known as an acute and sympa-
thetic observer of our friends on the other side of the
Channel, here gives us her impressions of various journey-
ings in Touraine and other parts of France, and of a stay in
a French convent. She writes with humour and under-
standing, and her new book will certainly add to her
reputation.
NOTABLE SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
THE STORY THAI' HAS THRILLED THE
WHOLE WORLD.
THE JUNGLE.
BY
UPTON SINCLAIR.
[Fifth Impression in the press.
THE TALK OF LONDON.
THE SPHINX'S LAWYER.
By FRANK DANBY, Author of 'Pigs in Clover.'
IN THE SHADOW.
By HENRY C. ROWLAND.
Mr. W. L, Coi'RTNEV in the DAILY TELEGRAPH.—
•' Extremely interesting, well told, vivid, and picturesque. "
THE SIN OF
GEORGE WARRENER.
By MARIE VAN VORST, Author of ' Amanda of the Mill."
THE MAN OF PROPERTY.
By JOHN GALSWORTHY.
[Second Impression.
SKETCH. — "Its originality, its shrewd sarcasm, the
powers of observation it shows, raise it far above the
average."
THE BANDS OF ORION.
By CAROLINE GROSYENOR
(The Hon. Mrs. N". QrosvenorX
DAILY TELEGRAPH.— "A good sound love story well
written, interesting from start to finish, which lias the
additional quality of being an excellent study <>f a tempera-
ment."
THINGS THAT ARE CESAR'S.
Bv H. N. DICKINSON.
ACADEMY. "The writing and character-drawing are
admirable, the coherence of the narrative! the clever way
in which t lie conversal ions are handled) the wit abounding,
are proofs ot Mr. Dickinson's ability."
WHAT BECAME OF PAM.
By BARONESS VON HITTEN, Author of 'Pain.'
[Second Impression,
WESTMINSTER GAZETTE. "Those who read ' Pain '
N... i will scarcely need urging to read 'Pun' No. 2; bnt
those who have read neither in.i> be strongly reeonimended
tn read both."
\Y. HEINEMANN, -21. Bedford Btreet, \\".<\
7-.»ii
'I'll E ATHKNJKUM
N°4103, Jim 16, 1906
Sltltl lnj Aiutinn continued.
i i. i vr/.s
ii\ ISA i
■ i > . Ill M III I.I I
/./. TRAP Willi I
Ml SSK.S SOI HI l.N . u [LKIN80N 8 HODGE
. pio.N .1
,(|l|| MM ... the l.i. I IC \M Iri
il,„„ ,,i ti„ Worki irf I'
U ,,tk> I llil-l 1 :it ■ •! !■) ( Milt
I
Ml III M I'll K I \ I'l. I l( HI UlUI :
II \lk. II i,iii..hll..l II.. i
iii S|«.|t»nillll. « II ' 1< '" ''
, u vlk.-ii i 'ii ol the unit MM "i Bil
H\M I It, I. ui , including .. Bne f-'oijccU if SiKirtiug
I i - . I : i Killtion ttwli liffi
u-ii Su Kin.rtlim Nov*']; n me. lullj
■ Killtinni \ >n. i - Notitis Venatii », H
i. ,.l- ..i ttutralia, Uirdaol \-i.. Biril«
II mi .V- oh I "I"'- '" i.i- ■> • .. • - ■ extra 111" •■
\\..ik- lt.N,k« with lolotirwl ri..i.-. to ; the Collocjlon ol ULI) aiul
.1 KIolS Ml. I>U Al. VVUIIKS, the rVoiiextj ol the Uite Bir \UL
LI. \.M MITtllKM, HANKS. ui Lhernool; uthei Proiwrtiw, [ni-liullng
,.i huckllns
Printed Hooka I ii" Work* *c,
\i lewi I two day* prior. Catalogues may be had.
•/■/,. , ii,., M«dal* and Military and Naval
Ihelatt •/.>'. WHlDBORNB.Siq.
MESSRS. SOTHI'.M , WILKINSON & BODGE
«il! si 1.1. bj U ITION, .ii their House, V, IS, Wellington
-,, ,,„,, \\ . .on Till i:sii\Y. June 21. al i o'clock pre. iselv,
riONol N A\ M. ind Mil. IM IR1 MKIlM.S i.KIH 1 s
ami liECOKATIONS, ol the late , N BCMNEK WHIDBORME.
II ,|, Devon isol ol the Exo utorsl, "".I the ' "I.
I i. rioN ol UJENKY BAKU, Esu., ol Qlaagow, pompriaing many
MM :, 11,1 l,i-t,,ll,:il lilt, l.-l. 11" lllillll-.- till- T..11.1W MIL-:
, a Gold Mdal and ' laap« foi ttoleia, Vinuera, and lulu-
, ggypl I801-l»nva] OenertJ Service,
with One to Three Cla*iw Military tieneral Service, with One to l.n
- liritiah. Hanoverian, and Foreign Water-too \i,i,,n. '
Irnii ol India, villi Three Ulaapa Kelat I-Ghilae Officers Stai
irtoum Naval and Military Groups, ftc.
Cal ilogues may in- had.
Engravings.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON HODGE,
will SEIi by AUCTION at their House, No. 13. Wellington
Street Strand W.C. on FltlK.W . June 82. at i o clock precisely,
FVGRAVINGH | Framed and in the Portfolio), comprising Mezzotint
Portraits alter Sir J. Reynolds, and others. -Fancy *»?ject« after
i, Morland, some in prool rtate.— Engravings after J. M. ,w. rurner,
Plates from the Liber Studiornm.— Etchings by
.1 M Whistler, C. Meryon. D. V. Cameron, and others.
: ii i,i. ,. iftei J. Constable.
be viewed twodaye prior. I al iloguee may It had.
-Mezzotints
Valuable Books and Ilium-.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY.Wn
will BELL bj AUCTION, at th
- ud, W.C. on WEDNESDAY
. clock precisely, valuable II
I INU8CRIPTS, HISTORIC
MINT- UT"I,I!AH1 LETTERS. &c
Pre-Shakespearean Plays, original Burt
ad Fourth Bnakespeaxe Folios, an
ii interest— an interesting Bha
\\ hit worth Papers Nelson Documents—
l . lie, First Edition- a tatter
Bui n« Books from the Library ol
— Manuscripl of the Order of theGarti
it ion l-'opy (iniipil s Illuvti
M..\ be viewed two days prior. C
and other Manuscripts.
jKINSON & HODGE
iir II,, use. No. 13, Wellington
June 27, and Three Following
imKS and ILLUMINATED
AL and LITERARY DOCU-
. including 17 extremely rare
•enthi-'eiitury editions— the
I numerous Works of Shake-
kespcarean Manuscript - the
I ,,li ii Knox's Book of Common
and Song in the Autograph of
W. Haggard, Ebo — Byroniana
i -Blake's Poetical Sketches,
ated Monographs, fce.
talogues may be had.
i;„ and Valuable Books, including a Selection from an old
Library, removed from Tunbridge Wells.
MESSRS. HOIK; SON & CO. will SELL by
MICTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancery Lane, ffft, on
WEDNESDAY June ao, and Two Following Hays. RAKE and
V \Ll * BLE BOOKS, comprising tin Engravings from the Works of
Reynolds, 3 vols.— Portraits of Members ol (Millions
- Ackermann'8 History of Oxford University, 2 vols., old
Dibdin's Bibliographical Tour, Large Paper, ;; vols.,
,,, in, is Bartolozzi, Large Paper. 2 vols. A few Early
nd Black-Letter Books— Book and Tracts relating to
I, Villon Society's Publications, 26 vols.- Rawstornes
loured Pan,, rami,- View of Regent's Park, &e. To
whichuTadded a UIBRARx of STANDARD WORKS in MODERN
ENGLISH LITERATURE, comprising Octavo Editions of the
Writings -I Milton, Goldsmith, Johnson, Walpole, Lecky, Fronde,
Morley Motley, Prescott, Napier, and others— Symonds'a Renaissance
Original Edition. 7 vols., and other Books on Art— Extensive
ol First Editions ol Thackeray, Dickens, Lever, Hardy,
Ii fferies, Browning, Swinburne, (kc., including many ran.
volume* Books illustrated kg Rowlandson, Cruikehank. and Leech—
Books, &<-. . , r, . , u i.
Toll,- vieweo and Catalogue! Bat!
Valuable Modern hooks from the hSbrdry of a Gentleman
(removed from the Country).
MESSRS. HODGSON 4 GO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at tliiir Bj I, IIS, Chancery Lane, W.C, on
'II i s 1 1 \ \ ami WEDNESDAY, June 26 and 27, at 1 o'clock,
VALUABLE LIBRARY ol MODERN BOOKS, comprising Folio
,1 and Antiquarian Works- Books relating to tne Fine
>i i English and Foreign, Including many handsome illustrated
mpleteSetol the Tudor Translations, in \ol>, theNera
I . ,,,. Edition of Raskin, 29 vols.- Lytton's Works, Edition de
l rols Besl Library Editions ,,i the Writings of Bacon,
l: uimont and Fletcher, Hobbes, De Foe, Horace Walpole. Carlyle,
Ipperley'a Life of a Sportsman, Coloured Plates, 1842—
lard L",,ks of Travel Bets of Historical and Archaeological
Publications— Didot's ifn-.-k and Latin Classics. 86 voB.
i Hloasaries and Lexicons, and other Works of Reference. To
I, il BOOKS in .in Hi. LIBKAKYof the late Mrs. PoRTKR.
from Erlegh, Whiteknights, near Reading, and other
Including tin- Grannie Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds.
. ,1 Impressions, ;; \..K, boards, uncut, 1830, Bladgon'i Life oi
1 i Copy, kc.
Catalogues on applii ation.
Till'. BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine Street,
ii. W.C, JUNE in, i
I 111'. PEACE PALACE DESIGNS AT THE II Mil E : Sculpture
the Paris Salon- 'La Nouvelle Muse ' (Gulllonxl and ' Ofrrande
k Yeni I ' lion on the London Traffic Problem (Institute
..i \i. lot, , i-1 ; The Silcbester ExcaMttlonsj Magazines and Reviews;
Experimental Scienoe and the Building Trades; Fire Tests of Re-
inforced Floors ; The Cos! of Erection "i Schools ; Mathematical Data
i.i Architects , si n. it-Hi'- Column) ; New Chapel for the Community of
the Resi .lion. Mirfleld (exterior and Interior views); Some Sao
clscc Buildings before the Fire ; 4c.— From Office as above (4d.,
I ... post ltd I, 01 through any N.-ii -
MR, MURRAY'S NEW BOOKS.
THE DUKE OF ARGYLL,
1823 1900. Comprising his Autobiography down to 1857, and his Life
from that date onwards based on his Correspondence and Diaries.
Edited by the DOWAGER DUCHESS OF ARGYLL
With Portraits and other fflnstrations. 2 vols, medium Bvo, 88*
•• Ii ie the charm of autobiography that it enables us nut only to -<•<• a mai f, hut
also to sec many traits in lnin vi lii«li he certainly never <lnl see, although he anoonaoioaaly n
them. NTo one will read this autobiography without renewing and enlarging hi- reapeet fur ■ very
remarkable man." /
" Il is full of vivid reminiaoenoe of parBanswho have filled large places in the history of their
country, of BOienoe, and of literature Fur the general reader the charm of these volumes will lie
found in the personal reminisoenoes, and the refreshing irregularity in which chapters upon high
affairs of State are interspersed with notes of travel, natural history, Literature, and general society."
.V
RESEARCHES IN SINAI.
By Prof. W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE, D.C.L. LL.D. F.R.S.,
Edwards Professor of Egyptology, University College, London.
With Chapters by C. T. CURRELLY, .M.A., Officer of the Imperial Order of the Medjidie.
With 18G Illustrations and 4 Maps. Demy Sv<>, 21s. net.
" This work, with its lavish amount of illustration and wealth of research, is, we have no hesitation
in saying, the best book Prof. Petrie has produced, and it will long remain the standard work on this
historical peninsula, which links the African and Asiatic continents together." — Daily Chronicle.
" It is no exaggeration to say that it is the most exhaustive work on the archieology of this historic
peninsula that ever has appeared, or ever will appear. The reason for this last statement is clearh set
forth by the author, and is a record of one of the greatest acts of vandalism known The most-
important portion of the work, however, is the description of the Hatlior Temple at Serahit-el-Khadem.
Space will not permit of our dealing so fully with these chapters as they deserve ; hut no student of
religion should neglect the valuable material the author has gathered In conclusion we may say that
this is a most valuable book, well written, lavishly illustrated, and well indexed."' — 'Holje.
THE
MEMOIRS OF THE LORD OF J0INVILLE
By Mrs. ETHEL WEDGWOOD. With Illustrations. Square demy 8vo, 9.*. net.
A VARIED LIFE.
A Record of Military and Civil Service, of Sport and of Travel in India, Central Asia, and Persia,
1850-1902. By General Sir THOMAS E. GORDON, K.C.B. K.C.I.E. C.S.I. With Portrait, Maps,
and Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 15s. net. [Ready next week
A WEEK AT WATERLOO IN JUNE, 1815.
By Lady DE LANCEY. With Photogravure Portraits and other Illustrations. Crown 8vo, 6*. net.
[Brady next m
REASON IN ARCHITECTURE.
Based on a Course of Lectures on Architecture delivered at the Royal Academy, 190o. By THOMAS-
GRAHAM JACKSON, R.A. M.A. F.S.A. With many Illustrations. Medium Svo. 10s. fist, net.;
TRUTH AND FALSEHOOD IN RELIGION.
Six Lectures delivered at Cambridge to Undergraduates in the Lent Term, lOOti. By WILLIAM
RALPH INGE, D.D., Vicar of All Saints, Enmsmore Gardens; formerly Fellow of Fung's College,
Cambridge, and of Hertford College, Oxford ; Hon. D. 1). Aberdeen. Crown Svo, 3*. 64 net.
A NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE GREATNESS OF J0SIAH P0RLICK.'
THE SPOILS OF VICTORY.
By B. PAUL NEUMAX. 6s.
JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street, W.
N°4103, June 16, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
721
MESSRS. CONSTABLE' S LIST.
THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF THE
EUROPEAN
NATIONS.
1870-1900.
By J. HOLLAND ROSE, Litt.D.,
Late Scholar of Christ's College, Cambridge,
Author of 'The Life of Napoleon I,' &e.
Illustrated with Numerous Maps and Plans.
SECOND IMPRESSION NOW READY.
Demy 8vo, 18s. net.
Mr. Spenser Wilkinson, writing in The Morning Post. —
"Dr. Holland Rose by his life of Napoleon has established
his reputation for painstaking learning and accuracy, as
well as for that fairness of judgment which gains for a
historian the confidence of his readers. Dr. Rose has not
only read widely, but has formed his own opinions, which
are well balanced. The volume is valuable as a storehouse
of facts, conscientiously ascertained, arranged, labelled,
and put on the shelves. It represents the results of
research carried to the point to which by many historians
research is expected to lead."
Mr. Justin McCarthy, writing in the Daily Chronicle. —
" He has rendered good service to the public by endeavour-
ing to prevent us from indulging in too much rhapsody
over the triumphs even of nationality and democracy, and
I feel sure that those who, like myself, cannot always agree
with his conclusions, will admit that they have spent their
time well in studying his suggestive and fascinating pages."
Standard. — " These thirty years witnessed frequent
diplomatic contests of primary importance, diversified
sometimes in the case of Russia and Turkey, even of our-
selves (in Egypt), of the Balkan States and Greece by
actual war. This volume, in short, contains the story of
all these, made the more clear by being dissociated from
unnecessary details."
Spectator. — "British opposition to Russia in the Balkans
was repaid by Russian interference on the Indian frontier,
of which Dr. Rose lias furnished us with a full account.
Excellent, too, is his chapter on Egypt* No one will grudge
the space he has given to the heroic story of Gordon, of
whom he says well that 'he appealed to all that is most
elementary in man.' Not the least useful part of the work
is that dealing witli the modern partition of Africa by
European Powers, which gives an orderly account of many
tangled enterprises."
Daily Mail. — " Dr. Rose's new book, which is marked by
all the masterly qualities of his life of Napoleon, should be
read by every Englishman."
Daily News. — "Dr. Rose by this volume has earned the
gratitude of all who wisli to study the meaning of present
affairs. It is distinguished by .ill that mastery of material
and power of telling a story which made the life of
Napoleon by the same writer so admirable an addition to
historical literature."
Manchester Guardian. — " Dr. Holland Rose has in this
volume done a solid, excellent, and most useful piece of
work."
Daily Graphic. — "He who will read it and master it as a
guide-book to t lie history of those thirty eventful yens
will not fail to be deeply 'grateful to Mr. Hose for having
' notched the track ' so skilfully and so clearly."
Scotsman.— "Mr. Rose's training and discipline in the
production of his works on the Napoleonic era was a
guarantee that 9 book by him on the development of
European nations in our own days would be marked by
learning, mental alertness, conscientious estimate, and
polil leal penetration."
Christian World. — "The wealth of accurate information
will make il for years to come a treasure-house of facts for
the politician, the journalist, and the genera] student.
The value of the book is enhanced by a number of excellent
in 1)1-
Academy. "The historian who seta out to survey areas
of Contemporary human activity so vast as those which
come under Dr. Rose's observations in the volumes before
as has a high claim. We congratulate Dr. Hose upon the
completion of a book which presents the European nations
massed, as it ueie, and moving, in conflict or amity, amid a
I. road historic panorama, during thirty years of surpassing
interest."
Literary World. — "Dr. Kose presents a succinct, and
nevertheless comprehensive account in his able and Into
ing volume."
THE
POETRY AND PHILOSOPHY
OF GEORGE MEREDITH.
By GEORGE M. TREVELYAN.
Crown Svo, 3s. 6d. net.
Westminster Gazette. — "Mr. Trevelyan's monograph on
the poetry and philosophy of George Meredith is an ad-
mirable example of literary appreciation. Being at once
sympathetic and discreet, it avoids the pitfalls which await
the commentator on a living author, and gives the reader
precisely the kind of assistance that he needs."
THE CHURCH OF FRANCE.
By J. E. C. BODLEY, Author of 'France.'
Extra crown 8vo, 3s. 6d. net.
Guardian. — "The thoroughness of Mr. Bodley's know-
ledge of this tangled subject, and his studied impartiality,
lend his utterances a very special value, and many will he
glad to possess them in handy and permanent form."
SECOND IMPRESSION IN THE PRESS.
THE
LIFE OF ALFRED AINGER.
By EDITH SICHEL,
Author of 'Catherine de' Medici.'
With one Photogravure Frontispiece and six Half-Tone
Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 12s. 6d. net.
Times. — " Ainger's peculiar and elfin-like sense of humour,
his eloquent and persuasive and golden voice, his inimit-
able manner, his liveliness, his sensitiveness, his attractive-
ness, his joy in life, and his lovely gift of rilling life with
joy ; above all, his genius for friendship, and that sweet,
inviolable loyalty which made his friendships precious —
these are all things to treasure and delight in. Miss
Sichel has done distinguished work. Her style is animated
and sympathetic. She is gifted with very considerable
powers of dramatic vision ; a most commendable habit of
thoroughness."
SOME LITERARY ECCENTRICS. By
JOHN FYVIE, Author of 'Some Famous Women of
Wit and Beauty, 'etc. Illustrated. Demy Svo, 12s. 6d. net.
Studies of Thomas Amory — Thomas Day — William Beck-
ford — Walter Savage Landor — William Hazlitt — Henry
Crabb Robinson — Charles Babbage — Douglas Jerrold —
George Wither — James I. — Sir John Mandeville.
THE FLORENTINE HISTORY. Written
bvNICCOLO MACHIAVELLI. Translated from the
Italian by NINIAN HILL THOMSON, M.A. In 2 vols,
extra crown Svo, Vis. 6tf. net.
HISTORICAL GREEK COINS. By G. F.
HILL, Author of 'The Coins of Sicily,' &c. With
Plates illustrating over 100 Coins. Demy Svo, 10*. Gd. net.
TACITUS, AND OTHER ROMAN
STUDIES. By GASTON BOISSIER, Professor of
Latin Eloquence at the College de France. Translated
by W. G. HUTCHISON. Demy Svo, 6s. net.
NEW SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
SET IN AUTHORITY. By Sara
JEANNETTE DUNCAN. Author of 'An American
Girl in London,' 'The Path of a Star,' &c.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
ANTHONY BRITTEN. By Herbert
MACILWAINE, Author of 'Dinkinbar,' 'Fate the
Fiddler,' ,vc.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
HENRY NORTHCOTE. By J. C. Snaith,
Author of 'Broke of Covenden,' 'Mistress Dorothy
Marvin,' <tc.
THE ARENA. By Harold Spender.
THE WHEEL OF LIFE. By Ellen
( ; I.ASGOW, Author of ' The Deliverance,' Ac.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
THE HOUSE OF COBWEBS: and
other Stories. By GKORdE GISNTNG, Author of
'The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft,' Ac.
FACE TO FACE. By Francisco Acebal.
Translated by M A 1 M I N III M E.
CATTLE BRANDS. Stories of Cowboy
Life. Bj ANDY ADAMS, Author of 'The Log of a
Cowboy,' 'The Outlet,' Ac.
London : ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE k CO. Limited.
MESSRS. LONGMANS & CO.'S
LIST.
THE POLITICAL
HISTORY
OF ENGLAND.
Written by various Authors under the Direction and
Editorship of the
Rev. WILLIAM HUNT, D.Litt,
President of the Royal Historical Society, and
REGINALD LANE-POOLE, M.A. Ph.D.,
Editor of the ' English Historical Review.'
In 12 vols, demy Svo,
each volume having its own Index and 2 or more Maps.
The price of each volume is Is. Gd. net if sold separately,
but COMPLETE SETS may be subscribed for through the
Booksellers at the price of il. net, payment being made at
the rate of 6*. 8tf. net on the delivery of each volume.
The •■ following volume is just published : —
VOL. XL FROM ADDINGTONS ADMINISTRATION
TO THE CLOSE OF WILLIAM IV.'S REIGN
(1 801-1837). By the Hon. GEORGE C. BRODRICK,
D.C.L., late Warden of Merton College, Oxford. Com-
pletedand Revised by J. K. FOTHERINGHAM, M.A.,
formerly Senior Demy of Magdalen College, 0::ford.
The following Volumes are also now ready : —
VOL. I., to 1066. By THOMAS HODGK1N, D.C.L.
Litt.D., Fellow of University College, London.
VOL. IL, 1066 to 1216. By GEORGE BURTON
ADAMS, M.A. , Professor of History in Yale University,
New Haven, Connecticut.
VOL. III., 1216 to 1377. By T. F. TOUT, M.A., Professor
of Mediaeval and Modern History in the Victoria University
of Manchester.
VOL. X., 1760 to 1801. By the Rev. WILLIAM HUNT,
M.A. D.Litt., Trinity College, Oxford.
SYNTHETICAL "
Being Meditations Epistemological and
Ontological.
The Edinburgh University Gifford Lectures for 1905-6.
By S. S. LAURIE, LL.D.
2 vols. Svo, 21s. net.
A HISTORY OF MODERN
LIBERTY.
By JAMES MACKINNON, Ph.D.
Vols. I. and IL, Svo, 30*. net.
THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH
RATIONALISM IN THE
NINETEENTH CENTURY.
By ALFRED W. BENN.
2 vols. Svo, 21s. net.
POLO.
By T. B. DRYBOROUOH.
Ex-Captain, Edinburgh Polo Club ; Member of llurlinghain ;
Member of Ranelagh ; Member of Rochnmpton, iVc.
REVISED and ENLARGED EDITION.
With 160 Illustrations from Photographs and several
Diagrams. Svo, 16s. net.
THE COMING OF THE
BRITISH TO AUSTRALIA.
1788 to 1829.
By IDA LEE (Mrs. (HAS. BftUOE M ARRIOTT).
With 54 Illustrations and B Preface by the
Most Hon. the MARQUIS OF LINLITHGOW, K.T.
8vo, 7.s\ G<1. net.
NEW VOLUME FOR THE YEAR 1905.
THE ANNUAL REGISTER:
A Review of Public Events at Home and
Abroad.
Svo, ISs.
LONGMANS, GREEN & CO.
39, Paternoster Row, London.
T ii E ath knm:i; m
N 4103, .Jim: 16, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NEW BOOK.
♦
ENQU8H MEN OF LETTERS. Stm Vol.
WALTER PATER.
Bj \ C. BENSON. Crown tfo, Sa net
HENRY SIDGWICK: a Memoir.
Bj a s. .ma l.. m. s. with Portraits. Bro, ltd w. net
A HISTORY OF
ENGLISH PROSODY
From the Twelfth Century to the Present Day.
r.s QBORGE 8AINT8BCBY, MA. II. mi I.I. n . Professor
of Rhetoric .n.l English Literature in the University of
Edinburgh. :i i oliv 8i ...
V..1. 1. FROM 1 UK ORIGINS TO SPENSER 10». net
AT1IES l.i'M. "We await the second ami third
volumes of this admirable undertaking with impatience.
To atop reading it al the end nf the first volume leaves one
in ju--t mi.Ii .i st ite of suspense as if it had been a novel of
adventure, nnd not theatorj of the ad ventures of Proaody."
VOL. IV. NOW RKADY.
POCKET TENNYSON.
In .I vols. fcap. Svo, limp cloth, 8a net; limp leather, 8s.
net each.
Vol. IV. IDYLLS OF THE KINO, in Twelve Books.
1900 ISSUE, WITH CONSIDERABLE ALTERATIONS
AND ADDITIONS, NOW READY.
THE
STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK.
Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the
World, for the Year 1908. Kdited by J. SCOTT KELTIE,
LL.D. With Maiis. Crown 8vo, 10s. 6d. net.
A HANDBOOK OF
BRITISH INLAND BIRDS.
Bv ANTHONY COLLETT. With Coloured and Outline
I'laU-s of Rggs by ERIC PARKER Crown svo, 6s.
ACADEMY. "Quit • the best handbook that has been
published. No boy could desire a more faithful or more
pleasing companion."
WITH COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS.
ELIZABETH AND HER GERMAN
GARDEN.
With Coloured Illustrations by S. HARMON VEDDER.
Extra crown si.., 7s. (ii. net.
A HIST0RY0F THE INQUISITION
OF THE MIDDLE AGES.
By HENRY CHARLES LEA. In 3 vols. 8vo, 31s. 6rf. net.
A HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION
OF SPAIN.
By HENRY CHARLES LEA, LL.D. In 4 vols. Vol T
8vo, 10*. <;</. net.
VOLS. l.-VII. NOW READY.
WRITINGS OF
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN.
Collected and Edited, with a Life and Introduction bv
ALBERT HENRY SMYTH. In 10 vols. Vols. I.— VII.
medium 8vo, L2& M. net each.
MAC MILL A v.* rvew NOVtiLb.
Crown Svo, 6s. each.
THE WRONG ENVELOPE,
And other Stories.
By Mrs. MOLESWORTH.
LADY BALTIMORE.
By OWEN WISTER.
THE VINE OF SIBMAH.
A Relation of the Puritans. By ANDREW MACPHAIL.
THE WAY OF THE GODS.
By JOHN LUTHER LONG.
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd., London.
HURST & BLACKETTS
NEW BOOKS.
In 1 vol. demy sv<>, with Dumeroni [Uuatratii
ENGLISH FURNITURE AND
V FJRNITTJ R K M A K E I : s OF TH E
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. By R, &
CLOU8TON.
In 1 vol. royal 8vo, prioe 21a. net. With numerous
Illustrations from Photographs taken espeoialh
{(W tliis hunk.
P0RFIRI0 DIAZ, Seven Times
President of Mexico. By Mrs. ALEC
TWEEDIE, Author of 'Mexico as I Saw It,"
&o.
In 1 vol. demy 4to, cloth, gilt top, containing 41
Full-Page illustrations in Colour and .*i»> in
Black and White, repioduced from the finest
known Specimens, price '21. 2s. net.
THE FIRST CENTURY OF
ENGLISH PORCELAIN, 1744-1850. By
W. MOORE BINNS, Director of Furnivals,
Limited, and late Art Director of the Royal
Porcelain Works, Worcester.
NEW EDITION. In 1 vol. medium Svo, contain-
ing all the Text and most of the Illustrations,
price 10a. (id.
LHASA. By Perceval Landon.
SECOND EDITION. In 1 vol. erown 8vo, with
numerous Illustrations, price 6& net.
SIX YEARS AT THE RUSSIAN
COURT. Personal Experiences. By M.
EAGAR.
HURST & BLACKETTS
NEW AND POPULAR NOVELS
EACH IN 1 VOL. 6s.
LAW NOT JUSTICE.
By FLORENCE WARDEN,
Author of ' The House on the Marsh.'
THE GRIP OF FEAR.
By SYDNEY H. BURCHELL,
Author of 'The Mistress of the Robes,' &c.
THE SWEETEST SOLACE.
By JOHN RANDAL,
Author of ' Pacifico,' ' Aunt Bethia's Button,' &c.
THE PREY OF THE
STRONGEST.
By M O R L E Y ROBERT S,
Author of ' Rachel Marr,' &c.
A YOUNG MAN FROM THE
COUNTRY.
By MADAME A LB AN ESI,
Author of ' The Broun Eyes of Mary,' &c.
JIMMY QUIXOTE.
By TOM GALLON,
Author of 'Tatterley,' &e.
THE FLOWER OF FRANCE.
By JUSTIN HUNTLY McCARTHY,
Author of ' If I Were King," &c.
THE BLACK CUIRASSIER.
By PHILIP STEVENSON,
Author of 'A Gendarme of the King,' kc.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS.
AN INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC.
ii w ii JOSEPH - ■ loth. Ba U
By
HANDBOOK OF FLOWER P0LLINA-
ll<i\ Baaed upon Hermann Midler*
Eerlilis.it ion of Flowers bj Ii.
H'oHi i ■ -
B Di PAUL
KNl in I lated by Jl R AINHWOBTH DAVU4,
M.A. \ ..1. I. Introduction and Literature, with -l
Figures in the Text Royal Sro, l-'. nel m cloth; Baa
DM in leather back. I
THE KING'S ENGLISH; the Common
Brron Into which Writers are liable to (all, and how
■neb Brron can be avoided. By H. W, I i i i . O. F.
Crown svo, cloth, 5*. net.
THE CLAIMS OF THE STUDY OF
COLONIAL HISTORY UPON Tin: ATTENTION
OF THE r.MVKltsiTV OF OXFORD. An Inaugural
Lecture delivered on April BBth, 1006, by 11. B.
BGEBTON, MA. Bvo, paper coven, la net.
THE OXFORD DEGREE CEREMONY.
Bv .J. WFLLS, Fellow of Wadham College. Fcap. fevu,
cloth, illustrated, La ad. net
SELECTIONS FROM PLUTARCH'S
LIFE OF C.FSAR. Abridged and Simplified for
Beginners in Greek by R. L. A. DU PONTBT. Crowa
8vo, cloth, i*.
PLUTARCHS LIFE OF C0RI0LANUS.
Edited with Introduction and Notes,
cloth, 2*.
Crown 8vo,
NORTH'S TRANSLATION OF
PLUTARCH'S LIVES OF CORIOLANU8, BRUTUS,
JULIUS CAESAR, AND ANTONY. Edited by It H.
CARR, with special reference to Shakespeare's use of
the Lives in his Historic-ill Plays. Crown Bvo.
llintitediatili/.
EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS. Translated
in Yerse by H. KYNASTON. Edited, with Intro-
duction and Notes, by J. CHUBTON COLLINS.
Extra fcap. Svo, cloth, 1*. net.
To be followed by Mr. WHITKLAW'S Translations of
AESCHYLUS' "PROMETHEUS' and SOPHOCLES'
■ANTIGONE.'
SCHERER'S HISTORY OF GERMAN
LITERATURE. Translated bv Mrs. F. C. CONT-
BEARE. Edited by the Right Hon. F. MAX MILLER
•2 vols, demy svo, cloth, 15». net : or a Cheaper Edition
in 2 crown Svo vols., 3.--. net each.
CHARLES KINGSLEY'S WATER-
BABIES. Slightly Abridged and F.lite.l with Intro-
duction, Notes, and Illustrations, by JANET HORACE-
SMITH and MARION L. M1I.FOKH. With 6 Full-
Page Illustrations by JANET ROBERTSON. Crown
Svo, cloth, 2s. (xi.
OXFORD LIBRARY OF PROSE
AND POETRY.
Now ready, extra fcap. svo, cloth, 2a cW. ; also in lamb-
skin, thin boiirds, gilt extra, £>'. (ki. net.
TRELAYYNY'S RECOLLECTIONS OF
THE LAST HAYS OF SHELLEY AND BYRON.
With the Original Illustrations. With Introduction by
EDWARD DOWDEN.
THEOLOGICAL ESSAYS OF THE
LATK BENJAMIN JOWBTT. Selected, Arranged,
and Edited by LFWis CAMPBELL.
ALSO PUBLISHED BY HEXRY FROWDE.
WHISPERINGS FROM THE GREAT.
An Autograph Album Birthday and Guest - Book.
Compiled by CONSTANCE A. MEREDYTH. Jl*.
net bound in flexible "Ooze" leather (art shades),
with rounded corners, and edges blending with the
Colour of the covers.
The Poet Laureate, Mr. Al.l'KEP AUSTIN, writing to
congratulate Miss Meredyth on her "brilliant and success-
ful labours,'' observes that this "beautiful work shows
in the compiler a wide and intimate acquaintance with
modern English and French poetry, at one and the same
time astounding and delightful."
London: HENRY FROWDE,
Oxford University Press, Amen Corner, E.C.
N°4103, June 16, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
723
SATURDAY, JUNE 1G, 1906.
CONTENTS
PAGE
The Modern Development of Europe .. ..723
The New English Dictionary 724
The Memoirs of a Buck 725
A Grammar of New Testament Greek .. .. 726
New Novels (The Prey of the Strongest ; The Lost
Earl of Elian ; The Bar Sinister ; Anthony Britten ;
Mrs. Grundy's Crucifix ; Things that are Ciesar's ;
Le Sacrifice ; The Undying Past) . . . . 728—729
Oriental Literature 729
Short Stories 729
Our Library Table (The Dawn in Russia ; The Boy-
hood of a Great King ; Goethe's Iphigeneia in
Tauris; The Mirror of the Century; Fisherman's
Luck ; Points of View ; Rites of the Armenian
Church ; The Assemble of Goddes ; The Unity of
Will ; Bourget's Works ; Aylwin ; Plutarch's Lives ;
Crabbe's Poems ; Pictorial London) . . . . 730 — 731
List of New Books 732
New Light on Murat and Napoleon; 'The Open
Road'; Lost Irish Memoirs; State-Aided
Emigration ; The late Dr. W. G. Blackie ;
The Birth-Year of Henry V 732—733
Literary Gossip 733
Science— Ethnology ; Research Notes ; Societies ;
Meetings Next Week ; Gossip .. .. 735—738
Fine Arts— Colvin on Early Engraving in Eng-
land ; Etchings by Mr. John at Chelsea ; The
National Gallery ; Sales ; Gossip . . 738—740
Music— 'The Peasant Songs of Gheat Russia';
Gossip; Performances Next Week .. 741—742
Drama— Our Library Table (Twelfth Night;
Othello Unveiled ; The Title Mart ; The Girl with
the Green Eyes); 'Atalanta in Calydon ' at
the Scala Theatre ; Gossip . . . . 742—743
Miscellanea— Date of the Statute of Kilkenny 744
Index to Advertisers 744
LITERATURE
The Development of the European Nations,
1870-1900. By J. Holland Rose, Litt.D.
(Constable & Co.)
Dr. Rose, whose admirable work on the
Revolutionary and Napoleonic epochs we
have often praised, descends in his new
work to contemporary politics. To under-
take the narration of history that is still
in the making is to dare greatly. Who
can say that the secrets of the diplomacy
of the last decade of the nineteenth century
are sufficiently unravelled to enable the
commentator to speak with confidence on
the motives and aims of statesmen who
are still among us ? Are we sure that we
know the whole truth even about such
comparatively ancient history as the
Treaty of Berlin or the formation of the
Triple Alliance of 1888 ? Dr. Rose thinks
that the attempt is worth making. " There
is no lack of guides," he writes in his
Preface,
" for the present age. The number of
memoir writers and newspaper correspond-
ents is legion ; and I have come to believe
that they are fully as trustworthy as similar
witnesses have been in any age. The very
keenness of their rivalry is some guarantee
for truth. . . .1 will go further, and say that
if we could find out what were the sources
used by Thucydides, we should notice
qualms of misgiving shoot through tho
circle of scientific historians, as they con-
templated his majestic work. In any case I
may appeal to the great Athenian in support
of the thesis that to undertake to write con-
temporary history is no vain thing."
True it is that Thucydides produced an
immortal work ; but do we not read it
rather as the first masterpiece of an
historian gifted with the scientific mind
than as an accurate record of facts { Has
not Thucydides been detected in precisely
those errors of detail which a writer dealing
with contemporary events finds it hard to
avoid ? And should we not know far
more about fifth-century Athens if he had
left us his own political autobiography,
rather than an encyclopaedic account of
the Peloponnesian war ? What would
we not give to be able to exchange a few
chapters dealing with petty expeditions
to JEtolia or Caria for a frank confession
as to how and why the author himself let
Amphipolis fall into the hands of Brasidas,
and for what reasons the Athenian assembly
thought fit to banish him ? Should the
modern historian set before himself for
imitation the man who gave no account
of the rise of Cleon, and deliberately left
out of his narrative the whole career of
Hyperbolus ?
But we must not press Dr. Rose's line
of justification for his book too hardly ;
probably it is necessary that some much
daring man should summarize the history
of each generation as that generation is
drawing towards its close. Such authors
cannot claim finality ; they know that a
certain proportion of their work will
require to be rewritten in a few years, as
new memoirs are published, and new
State documents are opened to the man of
research. Meanwhile it is well that some
sort of a continuous history should be
compiled : it reflects at least the impres-
sion which contemporary events have left
upon an intelligent observer ; it is
specially useful to the younger generation,
to whom there is always a gap between
the authorized and ascertained annals of
the past and the events which they have
themselves witnessed and pondered over.
It is profoundly true that most men know
less of the twenty years before the date
at which they began to read their news-
papers than of any other period in modern
history. Here lies the value of Dr. Rose's
book and similar works.
It is hardly necessary to say that any
work of this author will possess its merits.
Dr. Rose has a sound judgment and a
clear lucid style ; any theory of modern
events that he forms is sure to be sensible
and coherent. Our only doubt is whether
in every case he can have obtained certain
data on which to found his conclusions.
A statement of M. de Blowitz or an "in-
spired " article in the Hamburger Nach-
rickten is not conclusive evidence ; yet
often nothing more convincing can be
procured to back a suggestion otherwise
probable. Putting his conspectus of the
European history of the thirty years 1870-
1900 into the shortest possible phrases,
we find it to run somewhat as follows : —
The first section of the period, the space
between 1870 and 1878, is the epilogue of
the crisis that immediately preceded it,
the main feature of which had been the
working out of the unity of Germany and
Italy by Bismarck and Cavour. The last
event of this period is (lie Russo-Turkish
War of 1877-8, which must be regarded,
much as Gladstone regarded it at the
time, as a genuine Crusade against Moslem
oppression, into which the Russian Govern-
ment was forced by national feeling.
" Alexander II. could no more have stayed
the impulse of his people than Charles
Albert could have checked that of the
Italians in 1848 " (p. 587). Lord Beacons-
field, as Dr. Rose concludes, madera
political as well as a moral mistake in
intervening on behalf of the Turks at the
time of the San Stefano Treaty. Not only
was the national honour impaired by the
subsequent abandonment of the British
pledge to introduce reforms into Asia
Minor, not only was the disgraceful career
of Abdul Hamid rendered possible, but
England also made an enemy of Russia
for the next twenty years : —
" There are grounds for believing that the
influence which worked unchc.ngea,bly against
England for the remaining years of the nine-
teenth century was the influence of Russia,
and this hostility resulted mainly, if not
solely, from Lord Beaconsfield's policy in
the Eastern Question. The foreign policy
of the Gladstone Cabinet of 1880-85 was
often weak ; but in all fairness we must
remember that its difficulties were the
heritage bequeathed by the Earl of Beacons-
field."
Fortunately for Great Britain, Russia lost
the sympathy of her allies, and outraged
European public opinion, by her handling
of the Bulgarian question in 1885-6.
Thereby Alexander III. wrecked the
league of the three Emperors, which
" promised to be a potent instrument
for the humbling of England," and the
grouping of the continental States pre-
sently took a new form — that of the Triple
and Dual Alliances — which (owing to the
equal balance of power between the two
aggregations of States) was much less
perilous to the United Kingdom. Down to
this day we have contrived " to muddle
along somehow," escaping grave dangers,
not by any merit of our statesmen, " for
British policy in the years 1887-1900
was provokingly undecided and timidly
passive, save in the one case of the Fashoda
Incident." Our ministers proceeded for
some twelve or fifteen years "in a hand-
to-mouth fashion, trusting to the chapter
of accidents, which has so often been
serviceable " (p. 591). It mattered not
whether Liberals or Conservatives were
in power : the one party was as weakly
opportunist as the other.
" The fault lay ultimately not with them,
but with the nation as a whole, obstinately
preoccupied as it was, and is, with sport or
petty politics, and scouting questions of
vital import because they do not appeal
immediately either to the pocket or to tho
craving for sensation."
A gloomy conclusion, it may be said ;
and indeed the whole period wears a some-
what dismal aspect for Dr. Rose. Europe
is disillusioned of its old ideals of liberty,
nationalism, and material progress : —
" After struggling for a generation through
a wilderness of plots and punishments,
the peoples have reached the Promised band,
only to find it a parade ground ... .The
present state of armed peace combines the
worst evils of war with an emasculating
torpor. It is neither a time of rest, which
builds up the fabric <>f Humanity, nor a time
of heroic endeavour such as sometimes
mitigates the evils of war. ...The state of
things begets no joy in life — nothing but a
21
Til E ATM KNi:UM
N 4103, -Iim 16, 1906
fe\ . olve to snatch at passing Bei
tions. The individual La crushed by a •
,,, i,,.,,. on the armed
milliona on every aide of him.'
There arc ■ fair number of slip* in
tins interesting volume, but they are
inevitable when so many small detailed
fftOU have to be set forth. Suleiman
Pasha's army descended tO the sea ill
January, 1878, at Kavala and Kara-
agatoh, not at Enoa (p. 219). The English
diplomatist mentioned on p. »•"> W6& not
Lord Loftus, but Lord Augustus Loftus.
The (Germans had many more than NT. <><><•
men in the field at Worth (p. 69). The
1st Grenadier Guards were not present
at the battle of Bfaiwand (p. 411) —
indeed, they have never been in India.
The lsi Bombay Grenadiers is the corps
meant -a very different battalion. To
talk of 'the hordes of Ed Din " (p. 498)-
CUtting an Arab name in half — is not per-
missible. Remembering the reigns of
Frederick William II.. III., and IV., we
cannot concede that " the house of Hohen-
zollern, since the days of the Great Elector.
has always displayed the qualities of
courage and honesty of purpose " (p. 153).
If the storming of the Peiwar Kotal takes
two pages (396-7), the considerable battle
of Ahmed Khel ought at least to have been
mentioned by name. The Turks lost at
Loftchs (Sept. 3rd. 1877) not 15,000, but
2.500 men : they had not more than 5,000
present at the fight (p. 210). But these
are mainly trifles, to be corrected in a
later issue. We notice that Dr. Rose's
volume on the preceding period, ' A Cen-
tury of Continental History, 1780-1880,'
has already reached a fifth edition, which
has been carefully revised and corrected
throughout.
A New English Dictionary. — Matter —
Mesnaltij. (Vol. VI.) By H. Bradley.
(Oxford, Clarendon Press.)
The prospects of getting to the end of the
letter M in a few years are becoming
brighter, as the portion from ' M.B.' to
' Mesn-' occupies only about half the space
— 203 pages — filled by the articles from
' Ma ' to ' Masn.' The latter half of the
double section before us contains 1 ,230 main
words, the former only 709, among which
are several requiring comparatively lengthy
treatment, e.g., ' Measure ' and ' Meat,'
with many of medium length, e.g., ' May '
(the fifth month), ' Mean,' adj. and adv.,
and ' Meal ' (ground grain and an occa-
sion of taking food, food eaten at a
repast). The form " meal " stands for
five distinct substantives and three verbs.
To select a few specimens as worthy
of special attention out of an exceptional
abundance of interesting and instructive
articles is embarrassing ; but in addition
to those already mentioned we may
suggest ' Matter ' (sections 10-26), 'Matu-
ration,' ' Maturity,' ' Maul,' vb., 'Maundy,'
' Maxim,' ' May '=maid, ' Maze,' vb.,
' Maze,' sb., ' Meagre,' ' Meddle,' vb.
(seven obsolete senses earlier than
the current use), k Meed,' ' Member,'
' Merchant,' and ' Mercy.' Among the
id I obsolete vrordi see Meinie ' Men.
mix, mingle, Heroic1 (Northern) as
humanity, honour, dignity, and 'Mere
^boundary. The oolourman'a " megilp "
us to stand out us the one English
word which has no pretensions to a oor-
reot spelling, about thirty different variant -
being recorded ; bo thai it is doubtful
whether Dr. Bradley's lemma owes its
form to ratiocination or chance. Caxton
is given as the earliest authority for the
verbs " merit." " medley," and " melan-
choly," and for "maw," vb.=mew,
•' mecop," " meerkat," " meese "=tomtit,
•• melote " = monkish garment of skins.
mendiant," " mermoyse" = marmoset,
*' mesohantly," and " meschyne "=a had
woman.
Dee's " menadry," a kinematical art.
may he derived from menada, an early
variant of Ital. menata, motion ; no
etymology is attempted in the article.
In the etymological account of " merry "
— referred to an Old Teutonic type
ma rg jo-, and connected with Middle
Dutch mcrc/itc, mirth, mergelijc, joyful —
is the following confident suggestion : —
"It is .... probable that the word is
identical with the OTeut. *murgjo- short,
i presented by OHG. murg-fdri lasting a short
time, and by the Gothic derivative ga-maurg-
jan to shorten, and presumably descending,
with Gr. I3p"xv<;, from an Indogermanic
mrghu-. The transition from the assumed
original sense ' short ' to the OE. sense
' pleasant ' is somewhat difficult, but may
have been brought about through the inter-
vention of a derived factitive verb, meaning
' to shorten,' and hence ' to shorten time,'
' to cheer ' ; cf. ON. skemta to amuse,
f. skamt, neut. of skamm-r short."
A cursory survey of the etymology of
words meaning " amuse " in the Indo-
European languages shows that it is
unsafe to support a suggested derivation
of " merry " by citing an instance of a
passage from any earlier sense into that
of " amuse." A connexion with English
" morn " from Anglo-Saxon morgen —
perhaps, as Prof. Skeat suggests, an
extension of the root mer, shine — is as
likely as that proposed by Dr. Bradley ;
but whether the original extended form
was mergh or merk cannot be settled.
There is no difficulty in the connexion of
the idea of " bright " with those of
" pleasant," " pleased." The order of
meanings in " mediterrane " and " medi-
terranean " is inverted, though in the
article on the latter the earliest quotation
for the Late Latin and modern sense is
in the second section, which ought to be
the first; while the Latin mediterraneua
should be translated " midland," " inland,"
instead of this sense being half suggested
in a remark : ''The notion expressed by
the proper name (late L. mare Mediter-
rancum. 7th c ) may originally have
been ' the sea in the middle of the earth '
rather than ' the sea enclosed by land.' "
A " member" in our political usage is
undoubtedly " one who has been formally
elected to take part in the proceedings
of a parliament"; yet substitute this
definition in the phrase "• I durst not
stand for member of parliament last
election " (1712, Spectator, No. 326), and
who ha- been irkv aid,
that the addition of "a parliamentary
representative of a popular elective oon-
uould have been ao eptable.
aton of the [Jnited State- are formally
eld ted. hut an not usually called men,1
of < any more than peer- .,f <;reat
Britain are called members of Parliament.
' Membei of Congress1 and 'Master of
Ceremonies should have been given uj
M.C. ; also the article on early Middle
English "' merow," ;t(lj ref< rred to in
.Meii.,u.' j. omitted, unless "meruw"
misprint for " merow." Richard
gives an earlier quotation (from '1'
Ploughman') than Dr. Bradley for "me-
mento "=" either of the two prayi
(beginning with Memento) in the Canon of
the Mass, in which the living and tin-
departed are respectively commemorated,"
which might have been borowed. For
" memento mori " quotations from Beck-
ford and Beresford, to till the gap
between 1738 and 1850, and an earlier
instance of "Mavors" than "about
1592." were available. ' Meaning ' (sb.),
2c, " Of a dream, symbol, phenomenon,"
requires — " 1844, H. E. Manning. ' Ser-
mons,' ix. p. 118, the Gospel .... put a
continuous meaning into the great move-
ments of the world we see " — for the
shade of signification as well as to fill a
gap from 1702 to 1885. For the same
article (section 2d) Scott's ' Legend of
Montrose' (1819) yields "'I demand to
know the meaning of this singular con-
vocation " (ch. viii.), before 1828-32 ;
" he was naturally by no means the most
modest man in the world" (ch. xii.),
between 1782 and 1893 in 'Mean.' sb.-,
section 14c ; and " through the means of
such a fellow" (ib.), section 14f. where
the latest quotation is dated 1807. The
use of ' Matter,' 10, " The subject of a
book or discourse," is marked as obsolete :
but Mr. Phillpotts in the ' Portreeve '
(1906), ch. iii. p. 19. writes : " When
speaking of this, his voice sank, as a voice
sinks if religion is the matter." In the
article on ' Measure,' sb., 22b, the phrase
"measures, not men," is traced back t<>
Lord Chesterfield; but the latest quota-
tion is 1839, though it was many yea is
later a political party cry. A reference to
' Mazy,' quotation dated 1797, would have
improved ' Meander,' vb.. la.
Under ' Meason ' " \ variant of Maiaon,
obs., house," there should be a reference
to " mesondieu," " meason de dieu."
*' masoun de Dieu " under ' Measondue "
— hospital, poorhouse ; the form, more-
over, is rather a variant of " meson "
from old French meson or a variant of
French ma i son. Under the references
from " Menagerie, -cry." and "' menagry "
a misprint gives "Menagery" for Manager//.
For the sarcastic use of " merciful " only
Tin Medical Journal (1S05) is quoted.
The phrase "all in a melt"=in a state
of perspiration, used with an apparent
allusion to tallow in the play ' Caste,' is
not noticed under ' Melt.' The only
quotation for " Mede " is dated 1632. in
spite of Byron's "The flying Mede, his
shaftless, broken bow " ; though there
are, of course, references to the " laws of
N°4103, June 16,
1906
THE ATHENAEUM
725
the Medes and Persians." For " Median,"
Mitford's ' History of Greece ' might have
been quoted ; for " mend," vb. 5, T.
Moore (1818), 'Fudge Family,' Let. viii.,
" While old Donaldson's mending my
stays," to fill a gap from 1757 to 1878 ;
Macaulay's " His [Wharton's] mendacity
and effrontery passed into proverbs "
(' Hist, of Eng.,' chap, xx.), would fill a gap
from 1660 to 1877. The phrase " at meals "
is illustrated only from Keats (1818),
" They could not sit at meals but feel
how well It soothed each to be the other
by," which the fat boy in ' Pickwick '
must have read and taken to heart before
he exclaimed to Mary, " How we should
have enjoyed ourselves at meals, if you
had been [i.e., going to come here regular]!"
The registration and investigation of a
fairly complete English vocabulary are of
incalculable value to students of English ;
but the unique exhibition of sense-develop-
ment in a single language must prove of
signal service to comparative philology
generally, by helping the infant study of
semasiology towards the attainment of
scientific method. Most of our readers,
however, will probably be contented with
the services of the great dictionary to the
study of their own language and its
rational development.
Its steady advance is most gratifying.
A portion of the letter P from ; Pfennig '
is announced for July 1st.
Buck Whaley's Memoirs. Edited, with
Notes and Introduction, by Sir Edward
Sullivan, Bart. (De La More Press.)
" Buck " or " Jerusalem " Whale y
was a great creature. To extracts from
the Roderick Random and Barry Lyndon
of fiction add strong smacks of the Beau
Nash and John Mytton of fact, and you
get some idea of his radiant Irish person-
ality. Sir Edward Sullivan has earned
the gratitude of all lovers of the eighteenth
century by giving Whaley's manuscript
memoirs to the world, after they had
disappeared for over a century, to be
recovered in a London auction-room.
Of their authenticity there can be no
question. Apart from internal evidence,
Sir Edward has had access to what is
virtually a duplicate copy, in the posses-
sion of Mr. Greenfield, of Sutton, possibly
transcribed by Whaley himself. Further,
he has inspected the independent account
of the journey to Jerusalem written by
Capt. Moore, the Buck's companion in
travel. This gives in full names which
Whaley had left in skeleton, and contains
a resume of the whole adventure from
Gibraltar to the Holy Land, and thence
to Dublin.
Whaley is nothing if not edifying. An
exordium on the vanity of gallantry and
dissipation leads up to eloquent homage
to his mother, in whom, " to a person re-
markably handsome, were united capti-
vating manners, a well-cultivated mind,
and the most incorruptible virtue," and
later to the sterling merits of his
stepfather. Unfortunately, Whaley was
cursed with a disposition which led him
to avoid impending evil by " plans so
wild and extravagant, and for the most
part so impracticable, that what I had
before dreaded appeared light when
compared with the distress I incurred by
my own precipitate folly." The finishing
touches administered to his education
forcibly recall those inflicted on Charles
James Fox. In his sixteenth year his
mother sent him to France with a well-
lined purse and an easygoing, raffish
bear - leader. The volatile Irishman
promptly rushed upon a Don Juanesque
progress, which he relates with an unctuous
solemnity that by no means disguises the
gusto of recollection. It is pure Gil Bias.
The field of his exploits lay in the south,
and there he oscillated between the
chateaux of the great and imprisonment
for the grievous crime of giving an Abbe
a public caning ; the tradesmen eased
him of his money at Marseilles, and
sharpers pillaged him at Lyons. An affair
of the heart with an adventuress in Paris,
whence he escaped somewhat luckily,
" 500Z. minus in pocket," and an elaborate
hoax to which he fell an easy victim, bring
this portion of his memoirs to a fitting
conclusion.
Sir Edward Sullivan's admirable Intro-
duction informs us that, on his return to
Dublin, Whaley grew into a finished buck,
the associate of Lord Clonmell and Higgins,
the " Sham Squire." He was also, as
became a young man of means, elected a
member of the Irish House of Commons.
Whaley himself treats this period of his
career with brevity, passing on to the
famous wager of 15,000?. for which he
undertook his journey to Jerusalem, a
place which many of the company present
at the Duke of Leinster's house averred
to be no longer in existence. Whaley,
by no means an illiterate fellow, knew
better, and on September 20th, 1788, he
set out for Deal. He devotes the bulk
of his memoirs to his Eastern travels, and
we are bound to confess they are rather
disappointing. To an age familiar with
the fascinating pages of Kinglake, Burton,
and many more, Whaley's elaborate
pictures of caravans and caravanserais
hardly possess the charm of novelty. He
is an industrious topographer, but mostly
at second hand, with occasional aberra-
tions like the location of Athens in Eubcea,
and the Maeander, with Ovid duly quoted,
near Smyrna. But his description of
Jerusalem, in particular, is curiously
bald, and it is only on occasions that we
get an illuminating observation. It is
interesting, for instance, to read of the
Russian Ambassador being in confinement
in the Castle of the Seven Towers at Con-
stantinople, because his country was at
war with the Porte, and receiving an
allowance of a thousand pounds a month
from his jailers. An arrant coxcomb
when " the fair sex," as he delights to
call it, is concerned, Whaley sums up the
characteristics of the male inhabitants of
Eastern climes with shrewd veracity.
His account of a visit to the terrible
Jezzar Pasha, <>f Acre, during which he
succeeded in getting the punishment of a
wretched victim mitigated from hammering
on the backbone to a severe bastinado,
is not ill done. Of his numerous drinking
bouts, the most Homeric was with a very
respectable-looking Mussulman at Fotcha
Nova, who, beginning with bottled porter,
proceeded to consume a whole bottle of
rum, and finished with copious libations of
lavender water.
Though interesting pieces occur in
Whaley's chapters on the East, he becomes
much more entertaining when, after a
triumphant return to Dublin, he estab-
lishes himself in London, subscribes to all
the fashionable clubs, and becomes in a
short time " a complete man of the ton
at the West End of the Town." The
apogee of the Buck included a dinner with
the Prince of Wales at the Brighton
Pavilion (where the royal hospitality was
so potent that had he met with his deserts
he would, he candidly confesses, have
been kicked out of the ball-room), and
play with the Duke of York and Charles
Fox at Newmarket. He parted with
two thousand guineas to the orator, and
six thousand to the rest of the party, and
handsomely reflected that, " of all the
severe losses I ever sustained, this is the
one I least regretted ; as I had not the
most remote idea of suspecting the honour
or integrity of my antagonists."
From London the Buck migrated to
Paris, and beheld the progress of the
Revolution with an observant eye. His
readers must regret, in fact, that he has
not given them a good deal less of Con-
stantinople and Jerusalem, and a good
deal more of such scenes as the King's
return after the flight to Varennes, and
the preparations for the execution, whence
Whaley, much to his credit, fled before
the arrival of the chief actors in the drama.
As interludes we get various animated
adventures at the gaming table, and a trip
to Switzerland, where he met the beautiful
Duchess of Devonshire ; Beckford, living,
not without cause, in Epicurean retire-
ment ; and Gibbon, whose conversation
he describes as insipid, confirming thereby
the general opinion. Whaley much over-
rates the influence of the Duke of Orleans,
and represents one of his friends as having
taunted that renegade to his face with the
murder of Louis XVI. The memoirs tell
in spirited style the story of Whaley's
escape from France in the character of an
American ; this section is, in fact, a
vigorous piece of writing, proving its
author to have been far from a fool,
except when his weaknesses came into play.
The memoirs close abruptly with some
philosophic thoughts on the vanity of
human wishes : —
" Removed from the noise and bustle of
the world. 1 have lost all relish tor the-
tumultuous pleasures of lift-: and little
remains of all that is past, hut the melan-
choly reflection of having applied to all
improper use the uifts -with which nature
and fortune had richly endowed me."
But Sir Edward Sullivan tells us that
there was yet another efflorescence of the
Buck. He did uncommonly well by the
Union, his election expenses having been
apparently paid by the Opposition, after
726
tii E ath en .i:r M
Nvlln:i, Jim: 10, 1906
which the Government In 1 1 »<-< 1 bin t<> vote
for tin- measure. Settled in the [ale of
M tn w itli ' a tendei and beloved com-
panion," hi> mistress, Miss Courtney, be
built himself a luxurious mansion, Fori
Anne, and played as Master of the ( 'ere-
monies in Douglas the part of Beau Nash
at Bath. The resuscitation of his finances
cannot be completely explained. Local
gossip asserted that he won vast sums
from the Prince of Wales, a conjecture
which would imply another London cam-
paign. Hut is not the clue to he found
rather in the career of Beau Nash, who is
known to have had an interest, and a
lucrative one. in the Hath gaming houses \
Whaley tells us that he acquired in Paris
the useful lesson that the man who holds
the hank at cards runs a better ehance
than the punter, and that, just hefore
the Revolution became serious, he set up
an establishment in the vacant chancellerie
of the Duke of Orleans, and won 50,000/.
in two months. He may well have con-
ducted similar operations in the Isle of
Man. Be that as it may, when he died
suddenly in an inn at Knutsford, a brother
Irishman danced a hornpipe on his coffin,
and The Freeman's Journal, then owned
by the " Sham Squire," commemorated
bis virtues and weaknesses in mellifluous
phraseology. ''His fault," we read, " was
the generous failing of an exalted mind."
It is good to have encountered Buck
Whaley, though his portrait unfortunately
represents him in the callow stage, not
in his full magnificence.
A Grammar of New Testament Greek.
Based on W. F. Moulton's Edition of
G. B. Winer's Grammar. By James
Hope Moulton, D.Lit. — Vol. I. Prole-
gomena. (Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark.)
Dr. Moulton seems in some respects
peculiarly fitted for the task which he has
here undertaken. He has the requisite
scholarship in a high degree ; he is un-
wearied in his study of the subject ; be
is familiar with his father's work ; and
he has unbounded enthusiasm. But the
book which he has published raises the
question whether be has not made a
wrong start. The facts are these. In
regard to the Greek that occurs in the
New Testament the general opinion in
the last century was that it was the Koiv-q,
or common Greek language, which, in
some way not yet clearly ascertained, had
become the spoken form prevalent in all
parts of the world in the third century B.C.
We may gather an idea of the notion formed
of this language in the middle of the last
century from the two principal Biblical
cyclopaedias then published — Dr. William
Smith's 'Dictionary of the Bible' (1860)
and Kitto's ' Cyclopaedia of Biblical Lite-
rature,' edited by Dr. W. Lindsay Alex-
ander (1864). In the first Westcott, who
wrote the article, says : —
" The flexibility of the Greek language
gained for it in ancient time a general
currency similar to that which French enjoys
in modern Europe ; but with this important
difference, that Greek was not only the
language "i educated nun, but also the
luii/iiu^e of the masses in the great •■< I
of commerce."
Then, after expounding fully his own
ideas in regard to the origin ox this form
of the language and the rise of what he
calls Jewish Greek, he says : —
For disregarding peculiarities of index ion
and novel \\<>nls, the characteristic of the
Hellenistic dialect is the combination of a
Hebrew spirit with a Greek body, of a
Hi -drew form with Greek words. The con-
ception belongs to one race, and the expres-
sion to another.
The writer in Kitto's ' Cyclopaedia
says : —
" While Attic thus became the literary
language, the various communities spoke
Greek as they had learned it from their
parents and teachers. This spoken Greek
would necessarily differ in different places,
and it would gradually become very different
from the stationary language which was
used in writings. Now it seems to us that
the language used by the Septuagint and
N.T. writers was the language used in common
conversation, learned by them, not through
books, but most likely in childhood from
household talk, or if not, through subse-
quent oral instruction .... The common
Greek thus used is indeed considerably
modified by the circumstances of the writers,
but these modifications no more turn the
Greek into a peculiar dialect than do Ame-
ricanisms or Scoticisms turn the English of
Americans and Scotsmen into peculiar
dialects of English .... The modern Greek
grammar of our own time is only a full
development of the tendencies which shew
themselves in the Septuagint and N.T."
At that time no books had come down
to us known to be written in the " common
Greek," and. accordingly the historians
of the Greek language, especially those
interested in the Septuagint and the New
Testament, had. to search for traces of it
in inscriptions and in mediaeval and
modern Greek. The Greeks themselves
did splendid work in this direction, headed
and inspired by Korais ; many valuable
contributions appeared in the Pandora
and the 'kdi)vaiov, and the Greeks are
still contributing much in the periodicals
of the day. But a special stimulus with
new light was supplied by Hatzidakis in
his ' Einleitung.' Mediaeval and modern
Greek contained numerous forms that
looked as if they had been taken from the
old Greek dialects, such as the Doric,
iEolic, and Ionic, and, indeed, a modern
Greek grammar published in 1805 by
Christopoulos is entitled ' The Grammar
of /Eolodoric, or the Language of the
Greeks spoken at the Present Time.'
Hatzidakis proved conclusively that these
dialectic peculiarities could not have been
borrowed by modern Greek from the old
dialects, for these dialects had fallen into
desuetude before modern Greek was
formed, and that it must have been the
" common Greek " that had absorbed
them. The " common Greek " was thus
the only predecessor and original stock
of the modern, and thus the Greek of the
New Testament stood in close relationship
with the modern.
While this was the prevalent opinion
of philologists in regard to the Greek of
the New Testament, there was do una*
niniity among theologian-; for some of
them agreed with the philologists, others
held that the language fti well as the
thought WSJ the creation of the Divine
Spirit, and that the Greek of the New
Testament was an isolated phenomenon.
Prominent amongsl these was Cren
who produced a Lexicon of New 'i'e-tameiit
• week to (any out this idea, his work
being translated into English. There
were other theologians who, though not
believing in verbal inspiration, thought
that New Testament Greek was different
from the ordinary (week illy in
having a strong Hebrew element in it.
Deissmann seems to have shared this idea
to a limited extent, for his thesis on the
New Testament formula ' In ( 'hristo Jesu '
maintained that this formula was the
favourite idea of the religious language
of the Apostle." " Paul," he - had
formed it to express something peculiar
which alone interested him." And he
speaks of a " Profangracitat " and a
" Gracitiit stehende unter dem Einflusse
des semitischen Sprachgeistes." Dr. J. H.
Moulton confesses that he was in a similar
position, and that he denned the New
Testament language as " Hebraic Greek,
colloquial Greek, and late Greek."
The discovery of papyri in Egypt gave
a new turn to the question. These papyri,
so far as they related to contemporary
events, were all written in the " common
Greek," and thus a large body of docu-
ments or literature became accessible to
us, with which we could compare the
language of the New Testament. They
proved conclusively that the philologists
were right in asserting that the " common
Greek " was the language in which all
the New Testament books were written,
and that the forms which were found in
the MSS. of the New Testament written
in the fourth or fifth century belonged to
the " common " of the first. Theologians
had therefore to change their opinion.
Dr. Moulton describes this as a revolution :
" The disappearance of that word
' Hebraic ' from its prominent place in our
delineation of N.T. language marks a change
in our conceptions of the subject nothing
less than revolutionary."
But it is revolutionary only for the theo-
logians. Deissmann has taken a prominent
part in this revolution. His ' Bible
Studies ' and other works have done
admirable service in showing that Cremer
is entirely wrong. He lias made quota-
tions from the papyri demonstrating that
words that were aira^ kcyofxaa in the
New Testament occur frequently in docu-
ments of ordinary life, anil that this holds
true also of forms and constructions that
were matters of doubt. Dr. Moulton is
a follower of Deissmann. But we think
he is wrong in supposing that the examina-
tion of the language of the papyri will
throw much new light on the meaning
of the New Testament It will only con-
firm certain renderings which philologists
have already advocated. In Deissmann's
book we cannot discover a single passage
to which he has been able to assign a neio
meaning. The evidence of the papyri has,
N°4103, June 16, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
727
it seems to us, awkward results for Dr.
Moulton's book. His Prolegomena really
prove that there can be no grammar of
New Testament Greek, and that the
grammar of the Greek in the New Testa-
ment is one and the same with the grammar
of the " common Greek " of the papyri.
There is therefore no New Testament
Greek. The writers of the New Testament
have styles of their own, but they all use
the same language. It might be advan-
tageous to produce monographs on each
writer, showing how his style has been
influenced by his surroundings and train-
ing, by his knowledge of the literary
language of the period or of previous ages,
by the Hebrew literature with which he
was familiar, by the Aramaic which he
may have spoken and translated, by his
acquaintance with Latin, and by other
such circumstances ; but these pecu-
liarities do not make the language that is
employed a new language, and they
require separate treatment in each case.
Dr. Moulton has done admirable work
in producing the result which we have
mentioned. His arguments that "common
Greek " is the language of the New Testa-
ment writers are convincing, and he has
marshalled them with great skill and learn-
ing, but he is inclined to be too sure of
some of them. And though no new
meaning has been evolved, there is much
in his book to convince readers that render-
ings which eminent commentators had
rejected on the score of the language are
permissible and probable, and that other
renderings which were thought sound can
no longer be admitted. But besides this
Dr. Moulton's book ought to be of great
interest to the scholar. He will find there
for the first time the fruits of the discus-
sions that are now taking place in Germany
in regard to the " common Greek." The
investigation of this subject has arisen
mainly through the publication of papyri,
and is still in its infancy. The questions
which it involves are numerous and exceed-
ingly difficult What is the date of the
origin of the " common " ? Did it exist
before the Macedonian period ? What is
its relation to Attic ? How did the
dialectic forms find entrance into it ?
Can the productions in the " common "
be divided into various classes ? and
what should these classes be ? On
these and similar questions treatises
are being issued in great numbers. Wit-
kowski, in his article on the literature
of the Koine for the years 1898-1902,
records seventy-six productions relating
to the " common " as it is seen in the
period before Christ. The period after
Christ would show a still greater number.
Dr. Moulton has thrown himself heartily
into the study of all these, and the reader
will find the latest results on all the points
we have mentioned.
The defect of the book is that he has
confined himself too much to what is
recent. He would have prepared himself
better by a comprehensive examination of
what Hermann and Bernhardy, Lobeck
(especially in his ' Phrynichus '), and
earlier philologists have done in regard
to the Greek language. But the defect
is still more marked in regard to the
authors who have laboured at the history
of Greek from New Testament times to the
present day. He takes no note of
Psichari, Pernot, and other French
scholars who have made thorough in-
vestigations into certain parts of the
subject. He seems to have bestowed no
attention on the long list of Greeks who
have written on their own language in
the past and present centuries, taking
no note, for instance, of Politis, and
referring only to the work of Hatzidakis
which is written in German. He would
have profited if he had consulted the few
English books which have treated of
modern Greek, such as those of Geldart.
The result of this abstention is that some
of his assertions are surprising. We quote
one : —
" There is a familiar rule that /xt? is used
with present imperative or aorist subjunctive;
but the distinction between these, expounded
by Gottfried Hermann long ago, seems to
have been mostly unnoticed till it was re-
discovered by Dr. Walter Headlam in C. R.
xvii. 295, who credits Dr. Henry Jackson
with supplying the hint."
Now the curious thing here is that no
one could have supposed that he had
made such a discovery if he had known
modern Greek, for the distinction appears
not only in the imperative, but also in the
future, da ypdcfuo means " I shall write and
go on writing," and 8a ypd\j/a) means " I
shall write once for all." And if any
scholar had been learning modern Greek,
he would certainly have studied Mullach's
' Modern Greek Grammar,' as it is by far
the best philological work of the kind, and
there he would have come upon a full
discussion of the whole question (pp. 343-
347), with references to Hermann and the
usage in the best Greek writers.
This neglect of the modern Greek writers
may explain to some extent the violent
attitude Dr. Moulton has taken up in
regard to a question which agitates them.
The Greeks are at present divided into
two camps, the purists and the anti-
purists. The anti-purists wish to declare
the vulgar dialect the only true modern
Greek, and to reject as artificial the efforts
made to purify the language from the
barbarisms which crept in during the
period of the subjection of the Greeks to
the Venetians and Turks. Dr. Moulton
ranges himself with the anti-purists.
Thus he states that the preposition Ik
" is obsolete to-day, except in the Epirot
d\ or ox." But en is mentioned among
the prepositions in the grammars of Sophi-
anos, Christopoulos, Vlachos, and many
of more recent date. Psichari says of
Ik toV, " C'est bel et bien une forme
vivante." while Jannaris describes it as
" literary and colloquial." Dr. Moulton
makes his assertion because he follows
Thumb and a few others who lay down
an impossible line of demarcation between
the vulgar language and the language of
the more or less educated classes. In fact,
these merge into each other; and the
language, of the educated classes is as
much a national product as the language
of the less refined. It sprang from a
national movement. When Greece gained
her independence, there was a universal
feeling that all the Italian and Turkish
words which had become common in the
period of slavery should be expelled from
the language. In the Ionian islands, for
instance, a catalogue was drawn up of all
the Greek words for household furniture
and similar objects that might be sub-
stituted for the Italian words then used
by the inhabitants, and it was circulated
among the people, who adopted the change
proposed. When the Exhibition of 1851
attracted the world to London, a descrip-
tive catalogue of the objects in it was
prepared by Xenos and beautifully illus-
trated, and here again purely Greek words
were employed in naming the various
articles, with the purpose of expelling
foreign words. And so be^an the purist
movement, which found a s] lendid instru-
ment in a language which lends itself so
easily to all forms of eompcunds. Surely
this was the expression of a national
aspiration. But Dr. Moulton throws con-
tempt on this entire movement. Here
is what he says of the Greek philologists
and their language : —
" Equally unknown was the scientific
study of modern Greek. To this day, even
great philologists like Hatzidakis decry as a
mere patois, utterly unfit for literary use,
the living language upon whose history they
have spent their lives. The translation of
the Gospels into the Greek which descends
directly from their original idiom is treated
as sacrilege by the devotees of a "literary "
dialect which, in point of fact, no one ever
spoke ! It is left to foreigners to recognize
the value of Pallis's version for students who
seek to understand N.T. Greek in the light
of the continuous development of the lan-
guage from the age of Alexander to our own
time."
Dr. Moulton makes a curious mistake in
calling Palli Pallis. He treats the word
as a purist would, but. of course, Palli
would strongly object. Surely this para-
graph is very hard on Greek philolo-
gists, for the statement is inaccurate in
the highest degree that the scientific
study of modern Greek was unknown
among them. And it is likely that they
are much better judges of what ought to
be the relation between the V ul gar spr ache
and the literary language than foreigners,
who cannot feel the full force of national
words and idioms. We think Dr. Moulton
is peculiarly unfortunate in his reference
to Palli's translation, and shows in it
forgetfulness or ignorance of the history
of the Greeks. In the Greek Church it
has always been the custom to read the
New Testament in the original language,
and in this way the great mass of the
people have come to know it and love it
in this form. We have heard a humble
merchant from Alexandretta, who could
neither read nor write, repeat the first five
chapters of tin- Acts of the Apostles in the
original without a mistake : and he added
that he could repeat the whole book and
other books of the New Testament. He
said also that many of his fellow-country-
men could do the same. Then the pri<>t -
of the Greek Church have been loyal to
the nation, and took an active part in
72.H
T II E AIM! EN .K U M
N U08, -I' m 16. L906
procuring its independence. The) have
been proud, too, of their oonnexion with
the old Greek language. Kieletius tii-t
u rote In- Bcclesiast ical I [istory ' in
ancient I Ireek ; and several <>f them,
Oikonomos foi example, wrote a beautiful
style ii> it- But the idea of a rendering
of the New Testament into the VoUcaspracht
i- associated in the Greek mind with efforts
io oonverl the Orthodox Greek to Calvin-
ism. It is mo wonder, therefore, thai
indignation was felt at Palli'a translation.
Ami it docs shock even a foreigner to find
in that version Christ del; peeches
which abound in Turkish words. The
attempt is as if the editor of Ally Shifur
had translated our Authorized or Revised
Version into the dialect of Whitechapel
or the Dials, in order that it might be
read in all our churches.
We hope that Dr. Moulton will recon-
sider this question, and try to feel a little
more sympathy with the Greek people.
His book shows rare qualities for the
prosecution of linguistic study ; and we
trust that he will continue his inquiries
into the Koine and the Greek of the
papyri, and soon present the results to
the public.
NEW NOVELS.
The Prey of the Strongest. By Morley
Roberts. (Hurst & Blackett.)
A varied experience in life has given Mr.
Morley Roberts the exceptional advan-
tage of diverse backgrounds ; and his
latest tale, which is a primitive epic in its
way, paints life in a milling town in British
Columbia. Human nature is apparently
very rude and barbaric on Pitt River —
so rude and barbaric as almost to over-
shadow the wild external nature amid
which it lives and fights and dies. The
admixture of Indian blood in such outland
places invests civilization — if it may be
complimentarily termed so for a moment
— with new interest and strange aspects.
The Siwash strain in the men and the
women produces incongruous results. It is
a place of naked passions, of raw whisky
and illicit love. The women, for some
reason which must remain a mystery to
stay-at-homes, go under the style of
" klootchmen " ; and this tale is the
tale of a klootchman, a pretty half-caste
who took the fancy of a formidable mill-
owner. It is a tale of genuine power and
dramatic qualities, and cannot fail to
hold the attention. The world the author
opens up to us is new and rather terrify-
ing, and it sounds so real. This may be
accounted one of the best books Mr.
Roberts has written. We have only to
object that he will persist in writing in a
lingo of his own, when he can write
forcibly and correctly in a way all can
understand.
The Lost Earl of Elian. By Mrs. Campbell
Praed. (Chatto & Windus.)
Mrs. Campbell Praed's latest story of
the Australian bush is certainly not lacking
in dramatic situations. There is, indeed,
more than a suggestion of melodrama in
the position of t he l08i K ill. R Itll U holll
two listen fall bo lo\ <■. bu i ly and
unknown to each other, whilst he if mas-
querading as James Wolfe, a tramp from
the bush. The characters of the tuo
girls are cleverly contrasted: 'In the
elder the fatefulness of the North
was reproduced in a Bort of "book of
beauty' style, Southern passion and
Gaelic mysticism making a fiery blend in
the younger. Obviously Susan's well-
regulated sentiment for the aristocratic
Englishman had small chance against her
Bister's passionate, headlong wooing, a
few weeks later, of the man whose life she
saved, while they drifted together for many
hours on a small raft after the wreck of
the Quetta. This terrible catastrophe,
occurring as it did in 1889, is described
with much painful and realistic detail.
The stepmother Patsy, with her kind
heart and homely ways, is a wholesome
and breezy personality, a real daughter
of the bush ; and in all that concerns bush
life Mrs. Campbell Praed holds a position
unassailable by the critic.
The Bar Sinister. By J. Morgan-de-Groot.
(Blackwood & Sons.)
This is a Dutch village drama of sur-
prising naivete, and the author's appeal
must, we think, be based upon the sheer
simplicity of his work. Our impression
is that this quality is rather natural than
artistic, and due in large part to the naive
use of the most stereotyped properties
and conventions of fiction. Atmosphere
and scenery are supplied with the ability
of the trained writer. The detail is not
true to life, in England, Holland, or any
other country ; but the whole is broadly
true and human, holding its own charm
and interest for readers.
Anthony Britten. By Herbert Macilwaine.
(Constable & Co.)
Suddenly grown rich by a stroke of luck
after a life of failure in the colonies,
Anthony Britten comes back to England,
" unintellectual and life-hardened," to
find his old home and its life — humorously
and effectively sketched — a sham and a
fraud. Shaking its dust off his feet, he
wanders out into London to find an interest
in life ; and the author is chiefly concerned
in telling how he fares. The hero's cha-
racter is both original and true to nature,
and his friend Grant, " the minister for
common sense," forms a satisfactory foil
to his whims and Bohemian tendencies.
Of the other characters, Alice Hyde, an
old friend of Anthony's, whom he is dis-
appointed to find ranged on his mother's
side, is the most natural and effective.
The book undoubtedly shows clever and
thoughtful work ; but the very long,
rambling dialogues, wandering further
and further from the point at issue, grow
wearisome, and really lead nowhither.
A considerable portion of the narrative,
which is concerned with slum life and a
curate, is dull and smells of the lamp.
In the last few chapters, where events
move faster, we find more vivacity and
power. 'Ill'- whole i- worth wading,
though the characters show an irritating
tendency to speculative thought on the
slightest pret
\h . QrvmArii < rvci/S i Bj Vincent
Brown. (Hutchinson A ( '".)
Mi:. BEOWS (whose WOrk has hints of
femininity about it. but ha- shown
ample signs of promise) ought now to
become a writer of achievement. This,
his fifth book, while partaking of the
nature of it- predece with their
cleverness and their shortcomings, marks,
upon the whole, a distinct advance.
There are signs of a mellowing progn
in an author of considerable literary ability
and a rather morbid spiritual sensitiveness.
Perhaps the chief of these signs i- that
" Mrs. Grundy's Crucifix ' has the essence
of comedy in it. We are not sure that
the author is aware of this : his inclination
is all toward psychological tragedy, and
he persists still in a trick he may have
acquired from his reading of Mr. Henry
James, of declining to admit the littleness
of a molehill ; he treats all molehills
as veritable Alps, and brings an Alpine
gravity of analysis to bear upon them.
But he has a ripening sense of humour,
which, though he may not encourage it,
is broadening his outlook, and strengthen-
ing his grip of things, and his present novel
is well above the average.
Things that are Caesar's. By H. X.
Dickinson. (Heinemann.)
This novel has missed being a first-rate
piece of character-drawing by just half
its contents. In the first 150 pages the
unfolding of the untutored character of
the hero is well done, but with regard to
the remainder we think that so intellectual
a man would not long have allowed his
primitive brain to run riot as it here does,
but that, taking advantage of his freedom
of outlook on life, he would have chosen
between the conventionality of to-day.
which is largely ephemeral, and that
higher conventionality which is the heritage
left to us by the best thinkers of all time.
Of plot there is none ; but the book should
be read by that minority who care to have
something worth thinking about, if only
for the author's felicity in putting some
frequently ignored facts of our modern
life.
Le Sacrifice. By Maxime Formont. (Paris.
Lemerre.)
M. Maxime Formont never does justice
to his talent. All his novels are read, by
those who begin them, from the first page
to the last, but always with irritation
produced by mixture of the real with the
impossible." ' Le Sacrifice' describes the
romantic love of the young girl for the
man who can never be hers, and is full of
well-drawn character, though some of the
persons are snap-shot photographs and
some are merely conventional. The house
is Dampierre, and the hero bears a super-
ficial likeness to the Due de Luynes ; the
N°4103, June 16, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
729
dowager-princess, his mother, is com-
pounded of the Duchesse d'Uzes and the
late Duchesse de Chaulnes. We are
becoming used to such indiscretion. May
we add that the British " aristocracy,"
after Goodwood, do not navigate the
Thames in their yachts, and that we
draw a distinction between yachts and
the " maison navale (house boat)'''''1. The
failure in this novel begins with the
repeated overhearing of outdoor and
other secret conversations by unlikely
people — inadmissible since Dumas — and
becomes complete when the husband of
the heroine resolves to burn down the
castle of which he is steward in order to
revenge himself upon his employer. Arson
to rob insurance companies is of all time,
but arson by an author to kill his heroine
is out of date.
The Undying Past. By Hermann Suder-
mann. Translated by Beatrice Mar-
shall. (John Lane.)
* Es War,' the longest and most ambitious
of Sudermann's novels, was not published
till 1894, but most of it was written, we
believe, some ten years earlier, and this
no doubt accounts for a certain immaturity
and want of harmony apparent in portions
of the work. However, if from the artistic
point of view it is hardly equal to some
of the author's novels that appeared
before it, it is none the less a fine and forcible
romance, and contains some of his best
writing. The hero, Leo Sellenthin, one
of those robust, full-blooded sons of East
Prussia whom Sudermann is so fond of
depicting, is a really convincing character,
and the way in which his philosophy of
life, as exemplified in his motto " nichts
bereuen," is put to the proof, provides
a thoroughly interesting theme, which is
effectively, though perhaps too sensation-
ally, worked out. The consequences of
sin, he discovers, are not to be evaded by
simply ignoring them, but neither is a cure
to be found in remorse ; only after he has
made full confession of his guilt, and put
the past behind him once for all, can he
start a new life hopefully and courageously,
" high festival in his heart." Compared
with him, most of the other characters in
the book are more or less conventional.
Much care has been bestowed upon the
siren lady, Felicitas, but in spite of it all
she remains a stage type and is never
completely alive. The author is happier
with Hertha, a rather charming specimen
of the sentimentally innocent " Backfisch "
so dear to German hearts ; and in Pastor
Brenckenberg he has produced an original
and humorous sketch of an old-fashioned
country parson. It is well that a writer
so prominent in Germany as Sudermann
should be presented to English readers.
The translation as a whole moves freely
and naturally, and will satisfy the general
reader, but hardly a more exacting critic.
It is not nearly scrupulous enough in
following the text, and often unpar-
donably thoughtless or perfunctory :
to give a single instance, the letter
which Felicitas sends to Leo after his
return closes with the characteristic-
ally melodramatic sentence, " Dich ruft
das Ungliick," which cannot be considered
satisfactorily rendered by " Our unhap-
piness makes it imperative that you should
come." We have also noted several pas-
sages in which the German has not been
properly understood.
ORIENTAL LITERATURE.
The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. By
G. Le Strange. (Cambridge, University
Press.) — Every one who has studied an
Arabic or Persian historical text of almost
any description must have felt the want of
a scientific and clearly arranged geographical
handbook which should enable him to follow
the narrative with intelligence and to solve
the obscure questions of identity which con-
tinually present themselves. Mr. Le Strange,
whose ' Baghdad under the Abbasid Cali-
phate ' and ' Palestine under the Moslems '
have established his reputation as one of
the first living authorities on Mohammedan
geography, is to be warmly congratulated
on Lis latest work, where, as he says,
"an attempt is made to gather within a convenient
compass the information scattered through the
works of the medieval Arab, Persian, and Turkish
geographers, who have described Mesopotamia and
Persia, with the nearer parts of Central Asia."
This laborious task he has accomplished
with remarkable skill, so that his volume,
in spite of the immense number of facts
which it contains, is not merely a work of
reference, but also deserves to be read for
its own sake by all who are interested in
Mohammedan history, literature, and com-
merce. The authorities for each statement
are added in foot-notes, and there are ten
excellent maps, which the student will find
extremely helpful. The index, so far as
we have tested it, is full and accurate.
The " E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Series "
promises to confer a great benefit on all
students of Mohammedan literature by
rendering accessible many rare and important
works, hitherto existing only in the MSS.
which are preserved in various European
libraries, and which, in some cases, cannot
be consulted without considerable incon-
venienee and loss of time. The first of the
two volumes which have already been pub-
lished is the Turk! text of the Bdbar-ndma,
reproduced in facsimile from a MS. belonging
to the late Sir Salar Jang of Haidarabad,
and edited, with preface and indexes, by
Mrs. Annette S. Beveridge. The second is
of more general interest. It is an abridged
translation of a Persian History of Tabaristan
by Ibn Isfandiyar, who wrote early in the
thirteenth century. This work, of which
Prof. E. G. Browne has provided an excellent
abstract based on a MS. in the India Office,
makes important additions to our knowledge
of the literary and political history of the
Caspian provinces, which maintained their
independence and national character long
after the rest of Persia had been subdued
by the Arabs. We find, for example, notices
of eminent natives of Tabaristan, such as
Mazyar and the celebrated historian Tabari ;
a copious account of the dynasties of
Washmgir, Buwayh, and Bavvand, which
throws light on the state of Persia during
the Middle Ages ; also numerous anecdotes
and verses, including several poems in the
dialect of Tabaristan and at least one literary
Curiosity — an ode in macaronic verse, made
up of Persian and Arabic, which is far older
than any Kuropoan specimen of this style.
Valuable critical and historical notes are
contributed by Mr. A. G. Ellis, of the British
Museum. As is generally the case with
Persian MSS., the proper names require
constant attention ; but the editor has left
very little to correct. Abu Sa'id Khwar
(p. 10) almost certainly refers to the well-
known Sufi, Abu Sa'id Kharraz. The
volume is provided with an admirably full
index, comprising titles of books mentioned
in the text as well as names of persons and
places ; and in order to facilitate identifica-
tion Prof. Browne has adopted the useful
device of indicating in brackets after a
name the century of the Christian era in
which the owner flourished, or, in the case
of place-names, the district with which the
place is identified.
SHORT STORIES.
Women and Circumstance. By Xetta
Syrett. (Chapman & Hall.) — These stories
are a long way below the high-water mark
of the author's capabilities. They are
clever and well written, but they bear too
plainly the impress of a groove — the slightly
discredited groove of the ' Yellow Book.'
Circumstance is hard on Miss Syrett's women,
and they conscientiously set themselves in
each case to extract the maximum of un-
happiness from the situation. One is a
typist who, emulating the East-End factory
girl in her devotion to feathers, starves
herself that she may buy artistic furniture.
Another is a high-souled demi-moyidainc with
a secret sorrow rather after the style of
Marguerite Gautier. A third — a married
woman this time — drives her husband to
suicide by her unfaithfulness with a man
whom she afterwards refuses to marry.
These are only a few of the lamentable
cases presented, but our sympathy for the
puppets is rather diminished by the evident
enjoyment which they, after all, derive from
their miseries, and by the still more cogent
consideration that none of them seems to us
to resemble flesh and blood.
Sons of the Milesians. By the Countess
of Cromartie. (Eveleigh Nash.) — The stories
herein contained move without variation on
the lines usually adopted by the author.
Jealous Eleanors and persecuted Rosamonds,
heroic pagans and grovelling Christians,
reincarnated Celts and modern Philistines,
encounter us at every turn. We can forecast
with some confidence what each of them
will do in any given contingency, and the
(not over-grammatical) terms in which their
sentiments, noble or otherwise, will be
expressed ; but we cannot truthfully say
that they gain by a closer acquaintance.
Pinch, Potty & Co., by W. G. Varcott
(Harpers), is a collection of eighteen journal-
istic sketches of the humorous variety. They
are supposed to embody the conversations
and doings of a number of London cabmen.
as revealed, for the most part, in a cabmen's
shelter. Half a dozen of them are naive
essays on such subjects as ' Love,' ' Life.*
'Pessimism,' and so forth: and these, t"
bo frank, are rather wearisome. But those
which aim at depicting action, as described
by the cabmen themselves, are fairly funny,
and should win approval. One gathers
that the author has taken Messrs. Jacobs
and Pett Ridge for bis models : but liis work
would have been the better for a little more
first-hand study of lite. What is demanded
in a book of this class is either genuine
humour and originality, or genuine realism.
0T bot b combined. Judged by this standard.
Mr. Yarcott's effort falls a tittle (hit : but.
it contains indications of better things.
7:J<»
Til E ATI! KNTKKM
N'410.3, Jim
10, 1006
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Mi:, \i\i\-mis. mi irhOM in count <>f the
i Ladysmith we oommented at the
time Hi its appearance. Inn now written
The Dawn in Rumm .• or, Scenes in the
Russian Revolution, which is published by
Mi 3srs. Harper A Brothers. The cover and
st of the illustrations of this volume form
n - least satisfactory points. Thej are what
1^ commonly termed " sensational," and do
not inspire confidence. Hut for a certain
prejudice which they cause in the reader's
mind, there would be a greater ohance that
the author's careful account of the horrors
which he himself lias witnessed would receive
respectful attention from critics. The
volume contains a diary of the revolutionary
acts which have followed in till parts of
Russia the disasters of the war with Japan.
A fuller Careful examination of such events in
liny one portion of the empire, sucli as that
relating to the Caucasus which we recently
reviewed, is perhaps more interesting, and a
collection of such narratives more valuable
than an attempt to survey the entire field.
The latter of necessity becomes in some
degree stale journalism, or a mere catalogue
of well-known horrors. Mr. Nevinson's
book contains both a list of this kind and
much personal evidence of his own, drawn
from visits, necessarily short, to widely
separated parts of European Russia. T he-
book may be of use to any who survey the
whole of the events which have led to the
birth of the Duma, but we should prefer a
treatment of the subject in which the record
of the writer's own observations was
distinct from his chronological account of
events which passed during his journeys,
but of which lie was not a witness.
The Boyhood of a Great King, by Mr.
A. M. Broadley (same publishers), answers
to the familiar description that for those
who like this sort of thing, this is just the
sort of thing they will like. An account is
given of the early years of his present
Majesty down to his seventeenth birthday,
drawn from such obvious sources, for the
most part, as Sir Theodore Martin's ' Life of
the Prince Consort,' The Illustrated London
News, and Punch. Mr. Broadley displays
industry and accuracy, but his volume, in
spite of some rare illustrations, is rather a
futile affair.
The translation of Goethe's Iphigeneia in
Tauris, by Elizabeth I). Dowden (Dent &
Co.), which has appeared in the popular
series of the 'Temple Dramatists," is a
most competent piece of work. Mrs. Dow-
den displays the two qualities essential for
the making of a good translation— t In-
capacity for taking pains and a cultivated
literary taste. The former gives her patience
to follow the original closely, and the latter
Supplies her with a well-chosen vocabulary,
and so saves the literal rendering from becom-
ing inept. Thus her version is one which will
be read with approval by students of the
text, and with pleasure by those who are
unacquainted with German. The only
respect in which she does not strike us as
altogether successful is in her handling of
the blank verse, which is occasionally some-
what wooden and devoid of charm : but
metrical excellence is almost too much to
expect in translation of this sort. A graceful
introduction to the play is contributed by
Dr. Edward Dowden.
T/h Mirror of the Century. By Walter
Frewen Lord. (John Lane.)— Mr. Frewen
Lord is a clever talker, whose ambition ex-
ceeds his industry. "The mirror of the
century " is a just phrase to applv to the
leading novelists of the century under in-
n> i tin n. Imt it i> not a happy title to i» stow
upon a hook which ignores the art ol G<
Meredith, Thomas Hards. Charles Lever, or
even Besant (plus Rjoe and $oUi$), William
Black, and other artists, living and dead.
\ ■ revelation of temperament the volume
is not striking. Mr. Lord describes himsell
as a " crusted old Tory " ; In- dislikes
dialect : he is unmercifully British towards
gush : he is unfair to realism. George Eliot
is his idol, and on his first page we read that
her work towers over that of Charlotte
Bronte* and Jane Austen "like a cathedral
ovei a octtage " ; yet on his ninety-third
page he very properly remonstrates with Mr.
Bowells for unpleasantly comparing artists
on different planes. He informs us that
George Elliot had "the force and grandeur
of Milton.'" yet he affirms that she might
have been " proud " to have written an
ungrammatioal apophthegm by Mr. \V. E.
Morris. I h- asserts t hat Mr. Xorris's novels
are "all of high merit," an encomium which
judicious critics cannot, we think, endorse,
though we do not agree with the wit who
observed that the only thing you can say
about Mr. Norria is that he " writes like a
gentleman." Mr. Norris is Mr. Lord's hero,
and his paper upon him is valuable as a
digest, and because there is a tendency te
make too much of Mr. Norris's tepidness,
too little of his verbal charm.
With the Brontes, who had the courage
of expletives, our critic has no sympathy,
and confronts ' Wuthering "Heights ' with
' Treasure Island,' with a view to levelling
the former with the plain. To Mr. Lord
we simply oppose Heathcliff's smile, that
ex-human smile which gives an eerie light
to the end of Emily Bronte's novel. Mr.
Swinburne's comparison of ' Wuthering
Heights ' with the masterpieces of Shak-
speare, Webster, Scott, and Hugo may be
offered to him as much for amusement as
for instruction.
In his essay on Thackeray Mr. Lord
describes as " one matchless touch " a
" wheeze " as traditional as the story of
the man who asked if he might borrow the
shilling he was to be cut off with ; but the
essay in question is a clever arraignment of
the novelist as a student of ignobility.
In dealing with the first Lord Lytton Mr.
Lord almost convinces one that he has
alighted here and there on the " Caxton "
novels, but hardly that he has read them.
In 1833 ' Godolphin ' was deemed worthy
of a temperate column or so in this journal.
It furnishes Mr. Lord with one quotation
which has not even flatness to distinguish
it, and yet, by some hidden spring, it elevates
the critic to the height of an inverted tub.
He describes ' The Haunters and the Haunted '
as " the most terrifying ghost story ever
written, not even excepting ' The Mark of
the Beast ' and ' At the End ot the Passage."
But we would say interrogatively, Not
excepting Sheridan Le Fanu's 'Mr. Justice
Harbottle' and 'Green Tea' ? And is 'The
Mark of the Beast' a "ghost story"?
Where is the ghost ? Lytton's story is very
clever, but he retires into explanation. If
Lytton could have testified his imagination
with the inventiveness of Dr. M. R. James,
he would not have been ingenious in the
wrong place.
Mr. Frewen Lord is at his best when he
has found a quotation upon which to exercise
his humour. We are amused when, after
a rather treacly passage from Dickens, he
quotes Bgftinst tin- master. " And what did
Lord Nobley say to that ? " "Why. he didn't
know what to say. Damme, sir. if he wasn't
as mute as n poker." It is ret her hard on
Phiz, by the way, to say that we do not
remember his Pecksniff ; as a caricature of
hypocrisy his Pecksniff is not easily surpassed.
Th' -i that " u^ a rule the '
in Dickens's novels is not very remarkable
i "i.l. tn e if we iidd that, when the m:
broken, the diulojju. i- n marknble in"
In line, to road Mi. Lord i
imagination, to heckle him.
/ ishrrmon's /."</. By Kenrj Van Dyke.
(Hodder e\ Stoughton.) Mr. Van Dyke adds
as a sub-title to hi^ moralizing on ' Fisher-
man's Lucb ' -."ii. e other uncertain thin.
In fa«t. the book is one of pleas
we must not call them " maunderii .
— amid rustic Bcenes and their
rather than a deliberate treatise on sport.
\ leisurely book, and rather prolix, it i-
written in good English on the model ol
I anil). 'Che Betting, of com ill' an.
and the point of view that of an inhabitant
of cities, who is delighted with the rest and
the spectacles afforded by the country.
'There is no social directory in the wilder-
ness" is a very American touch. It OO
in the pleasant discourse of which ' A Wild
Strawberry ' is the text, perhaps as cha-
racteristic as any in the book. Another
good chapter is ' Fishing in Book?.,' a handy
bibliography, which vindicates Transatlantic-
anglers from the strange accusation <t
reticence. Incidentally we learn that
"Hello!" as a salutation is a product
the telephone. The book Is well illustrated.
Points of View. By L. F. Austin. Edited
by Clarence Rook. (John Lane.) — A livelic
causeur than the late Mr. L. F. Austin would
be a noteworthy discovery, fox his wac
talent which exhibited itself like the soul of
good wine. The papers collected in this
memorial volume are fresh, witty, and
shallow in the sparkling way of champagne.
The causeur had Mr. Carnegie rather I
often at the tip of his tongue ; but, on tin-
whole, the volume charms by its En
ness. Good stories are abundant. One of
them makes Tennyson say to Mr. Mere-
dith, " Apollodorus says I am not a great
poet," and nothing else of interest during
a walk of several miles. It would certainly
take a self - absorbed poet so to forget
that he was walking with a satirist not
renowned for mercy in phrase. Mr. Austin
was a purist who would have died, he-
tells us, rather than say ' 'buses,'* but
he inspires a friendly feeling towards fash-
ionable slang when he quotes " the diinpy
was divvy."' This jewel of speech mean.*
that the dinner was divine. He affect. -d
a desire to reform the dress of men. but
writes : "I do not undertake to appear at-
an evening party, or to sit in Mr. George
Alexander's stalls, in my suit of softly
glowing plum without a little backing. *
That is a sentence which shows that In-
possessed the art of smiling with words.
Mr. Hook's prefatory note conveys an
impressive idea of Mr. Austins strenuous
life. It is, indeed, ironical that a man should
be strenuous in chatting with his pen j but
it is also tragic Mr. Austin diet! at fifty-
three. Fortunately, the touch of the
vanished hand survives in what he wrote.
Not always can this be said.
Rituale Armenorum : being the Adminis-
tration of the Sacraments and the Breviary
Rites of the Armenian Church, together with
the Great Rites of Baptism and Epiphany.
Edited from the Oldest Mss. by F. C. Cony-
beare, and the East Syrian Epiphany Rite-
translated by the Rev. A. J. Maclean.
(Oxford, Clarendon Press.) — The title of this
book gives a fair idea of its contents, but.
as Mr. Conybearo notices in his preface, it
may seem to include more than the words-
might imply. He says : —
"I have not included the central rite of the
Kucharist : tirst, because it is adequately repro-
N°4103, June 16, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
731
duced in Mr. Brightman's recently published
* Eastern Liturgies ' ; and secondly, because I
■could not well have given it apart from all the
other Eucharistic Liturgies which exist in old
Armenian."
Mr. Conybeare has produced a book ex-
tremely valuable to the student of eccle-
siastical ritual. He has done his work with
remarkable accuracy and scholarship, and
he has presented his readers with materials
which illustrate rites that are not accessible
in any other English production. His
■object is to give the rites in the form in
which they occur in the " oldest accessible
•codices," " not as they may be seen to-day
in the churches of the East." He has used
as his principal Armenian source an uncial
■codex belonging to the library of San Lazaro
in Venice. He translates the text as it is
found in this MS., and records in notes the
results of the collations of other MSS. Then
he translates passages from other MSS.
which throw light on the rites contained
in the San Lazaro codex. In this way the
student is supplied with the means of com-
paring the ritual in different forms. Where
it is necessary, the editor also appends notes
bearing on the history of the rites. The
text itself reveals the condition of ecclesi-
astical affairs at a comparatively early
period of the Armenian Church. Thus in
the earliest MS., and in some others from
which translations are made, there is no form
for the ordination of a bishop in contradis-
tinction to that of a priest ; and Mr. Cony-
beare remarks that " bishops do not seem
to have been separately ordained before the
thirteenth century."
The book is profoundly interesting. It
reveals a peculiar current of religious thought
somewhat alien to the Western mind, and
■contains many noteworthy prayers and
celebrations. There are prayers over those
polluted by food and over those addicted
to swearing, and the prayers used at the
dedication of churches and their furniture
refer to the smallest details. There are
also several remarkable prayers of exorcism
in the Greek Baptismal Service from the
Barberini ' Euchologion.' Mr. Conybeare's
original intention was to prepare a minute
comparison of the Armenian rites with the
corresponding uses of other churches, espe-
cially of the Greek. In reading the various
services one is continually inclined to exa-
mine the offices in other churches ; but no
one could do this work more satisfactorily
than Mr. Conybeare, and we trust that lie
will carry out his original intention.
The renderings of the various rites and
prayers deserve high praise. They through-
out preserve a reverential tone, and the
style is appropriate, and, where it is possible,
graceful. Some of the prayers could be
profitably transplanted to the service books
of churches throughout the world.
The Assemble, of Goddes. By John Lydgate.
(Cambridge, University Press.)— The latest
volume of this scries of facsimiles is of equal
technical excellence with its predecessors,
and will be welcomed by students of English
all over the world. This little poem of some
2,100 lines, attributed to Lydgate on the
authority of Wynkyn de Wbrde, seems to
have been a great favourite with the reading
public at the beginning of the sixteenth
century. Three editions of it are known
from Wynkyn de Worde's press, all undated,
hut before 1000. Two of them are in the
British Museum, the third, the subject of
this reprint, in the University Library,
Cambridge. The poem lias been edited for
the Farjy English Text Society by Dr. Trijrgs.
It is a dream allegory dragging in the heathen
gods, the Christian virtues and human vices,
and generally testifying to its authors
wide, if shallow erudition. Mr. Jenkinson
dates this edition 1409, and speaks of it as
printed in type 3 Wynkyn de Worde. As it
certainly is not printed in Proctor's type 3,
it would have been as well to indicate the
authority followed. We should, from the
condition of the woodcut, have been inclined
to put the date earlier — between the second
edition of Chaucer a,nd the folio edition of
the ' Assembly ' ; and this would be sup-
ported by the fact that the latter is the first
to contain an attribution of authorship.
Sortes the philosopher, whose name has
puzzled many editors, is simply the Socrates
of Aristotelian physics filtered through
Arabic-Latin translations.
The Unity of Will : Studies of an Irra-
tionalist. By G. A. Hight. (Chapman &
Hall.) — It is rather hard to review Mr.
Hight. He writes a chapter on ' Aberra-
tions of the Mechanism ' (i.e., the mind)
which culminates in a list of " sophistical
tricks," which include (1) "ridicule," in-
volving " pity or contempt for the opposing
argument," and (2) "misuse of the word
' amateur,' where a person who works for
love and not for pay is confounded with the
smatterer and charlatan." Therefore, lest
our mechanism aberrates (for in truth we
suspect ourselves of being no better than
what Mr. Hight succinctly terms " ist-ites,"
professional, sophistical, and all the rest of
it), we limit ourselves to the citation of a
crucial passage : —
"Let us suppose an original primordial im-
material pattern, an Idea contemplated by a mind,
as a rhythmic movement. Further, let this pri-
mordial Idea be capable of reproducing itself in
offspring which shall again be self-reproductive
in the same way without limit. The rhythmic
offspring will be completely and easily intelligble
to the mind through its forms of Time and Space,
but, continuing to multiply, the different Ideas
will collide with each other, producing cross-
rhythms, then conflict, and at last discord — for
the present only potential, since there is no
material vehicle to give them body. Eacli is a
member of an ideal hterachy [sic] or genealogical
tree, traceable through complex ramifications back
to an original parent of all, which is One."
Und so weiter.
(Euvres computes de Paul Bourget. —
Romans : VI. Lc Luxe des Autres ; Le
Fantome ; UEau Profonde. (Paris, Plon.)
— Of the three novels contained in the latest
volume of the cumbrous edition definitive
of the works of M. Paul Bourget, one, ' L'Eau
profonde,' is the study of a tragic misunder-
standing, and is a sort of " much ado about
nothing," ingeniously worked out, but
with something rather superficial and
mechanical in its minute analysis. ' Le
Luxe des Autres ' is the study of a social
disease, " cette maladie toute contem-
poraine, le constant, le passionne souci du
luxe des autres," and of the preying of that
disease on the whole mental and physical
existence of a married journalist, who,
" dans ce recit, no represente pas l'ecrivain.
II represente le inari." It has the interest
of a good emotional story — good and emo-
tional in rather the English way — and can
bo read rapidly, not as literature,
but as plot. One turns the long pages of
analysis a little hurriedly, taking them in
at a glance, and not needing to go deeper
into them. The third novel, ' Le Fantome,'
holds the attention, and holds it closely.
The subject is " une si lamentable aberration
morale,' " une anomalie d'ame si criminelle-
ment pathologique," that it can hardly be
read with the same careless attention to a
plot as pl<>t . It Lb a piece of moral casuistry,
the study of a conscience; and though
this study is diffuse, and in parts senti-
mentalized, it is honest and acute.
The subject is what ' The Second Mis.
Tanqueray ' might have been if the interest
of the piece had been concentrated on the
young man and the girl, rather than on
the mother and her husband. But the
problem is carried further than any Eng-
lish playwright would have ventured to
carry it, and it is worked out with
sympathetic curiosity. M. Bourget is
always at his best when he leaves the " five
o'clocks " and " the usual three," in their
struggle with society, for the problems of
conscience alone with itself. And,
above all, he is at his best when he
sets himself, as in this novel, to study a
tragic tangle for its own sake, and not for
the sake of some theory which is its founda-
tion, or some moral which is its conclusion.
Mr. Frowde is well known for his enter-
prise, and one of the latest signs of it is a
charming small edition of Aylwin with the
author's portrait. Oxford India paper and
leather make this little book an exquisite
affair, and there are several other forms of it
— elaborations of the issue in ' ' The World's
Classics," we believe — which offer great
attractions.
We are glad to see Plutarch's Lives,
4 vols., in "The York Library" (Bell & Sons),
which continues to offer attractions to all
sorts of readers. Stewart and Long's trans-
lation here given is deservedly popular, and
will, we expect, go far in this neat form.
George Crabbe : Poems. Vol. II. Edited
by A. W. Ward. (Cambridge, University
Press.) — The second volume of the complete
edition of Crabbe comprises the ' Tales '
and the first eleven of the ' Tales of the Hall.'
These, though not so generally read even as
'The Parish Register' or 'The Borough,'
are by no means to be neglected, for they
exhibit the poet's narrative power at the
period, perhaps, of its greatest facility.
" We pass," he says, defending the scheme
of his work in the Preface to the 'Tales,'
" from gay to grave, from lively to severe,
not only without impropriety, but with
manifest advantage " ; and the contrast
between such gentle humoursomeness as
abounds in ' The Lover's Journey,' and the
vivid trasedy of everyday meanness in ' The
Brothers/ fully justifies* the claim. More-
over while there is no stinting of apt line
and epigram, and the eye for character and
foible is as shrewd as ever, the satire is —
with advancing years and easier eirciun-
stances — becoming more kindly. The edit-
ing of the present volume shows the same
scrupulous care which characterized its pre-
decessor. There is, as before, a list of
readings to which have been added certain
variants— omitted from the first volume—
of 'The Library,' 'The Birth of Flattery.'
' Sir Eustace Grey,' and ' The Hall Of Justice.'
There is, too. a complete list of Errata,
taking note, among other things, of Crabbe's
numerous misquotations from Shakspeare,
which, as the editor points out. may or may
not have been wilful. The third volume
will, it is announced, contain a considerable
amount of hitherto unpublished verse.
Pictorial London (Cassell & Co.) presents
a very extensive set of views with brief text.
The volume is of a catholic character, in-
cluding scones of current life, pleasure, and
labour as well as the usual sights. It gives
the best idea that we have seen between
two coven of the varied attractions of the
great city, and includes also some beautiful
things within the Londoner's reach, such as
Burnham Beeches. It Lb a wonderful farrago,
presenting, for instance, the workers both
at the Central London Lost Office Ex-
change and the Reading - Room of the
British Museum.
Til K A Til KX.EUM
N «03, Ji m. 10, 190<;
LIff] mi m u BOOKS.
i KOLI6 ii
Tkselogy.
r.l . i. K. rhefl t>U Chnn he* In 1 ngkind, > net
In ■ v> • i i ■ Religion I nriermined S 0 net
(.« iikin . ii \i |, I'he Knowledge of Ood and its Historical
I '■ elopmunt, 2 vols , 12 net
ii \i the Parttni ..f the Ways, 1 B net
Neumann i\ >. J emis, translated bj M. A. Oanner . 2/t net
Religion* OpinioiiH ol Eliznheth Barrett Browning, 2 >■ net
Thomas (W. II. (;.). The Catholic Paith, Second Edition,
1 net
Journal of the Societj <.f Comparative Legislation, edited
bj Sir J. MactloneU and K. Hanson, 6 net
Kerlv(D M |, rhe Trade Marks Acta, 1906: 7 RdwardVTL,
<-li. i'., u net
Fine Art . <logy.
Bell (Mrs, A. <;.), Picturesque Brittany, Illustrations by
v O. Bell, lOAJ net
Bloom (J. HarveyX English Seals, ' 6 net
Calthrou(D. ('.). English Costume : 11. .Middle Vges, 7 (inet.
i> i i net
er(B i ■'. i. Large Lecture Diagrams on Architecture
.in.l Decorative Art. 1,200 net
Mi ilistei (R. \.s.>, Bible Side-Lights from the Mound of
( ~,f. ■
lal Gallery: Earlj British School, 8/6 net
Ii (E.), Practical Drapery Cutting. 12/8 net
Pictures in Colour of the Isle of Wight, «itli Descriptive
Notes, - 6 net
Taylor(T. J.), Collection «'f Furniture, Wood-Carving, and
ether Branches of the Decorative Arts, 25/ net.
Worndle's Beliger Land, 15/ net
Poetry and the Drama.
Broughton (R), Carmen Coleridgianum : Senex Nauta, l 'net
Coulton to. Q. ), Pearl, a Fourteenth < vntnrv Poem, i, net.
Ciuvl (M, E. \ . ). Lucem Sequor, and other Poems. 2 6 net.
i ■ -hi.!, i. The Tbeatrocrat, 5, net.
English Hymnal, l ' net
Keats (J.), Poetical Works, edited by (;. Sampson
Keble (J.), Lyra Innocentium (Newnes's Devotional Series),
2 8 net
Milton (J.), Poetieal Works, Biographical Introduction liv
A. Waugh, 3 6
■ton ( 1. P. 1?.). Cromwell, Drama in Five Acta, 5/ net.
Pain (Mrs. Barry), Short Plays for Amateur Acting, 2/6
Price (J. M.), Thoughts for Quiet Moments, 2/6 net.
Realms of Cold, selected from t lie Works of John Keats,
:; 6 net.
Robertson (F. W.), Lectures on the Influence of Poetry and
Wordsworth, 2/6
Shakespeare: Julio Cezaro, translated into Esperanto by
1>. II. Lambert, l 6 net
Troilus and Cressida, edited by K. Deighton, 2/6 net
Wilde (Oscar), Salome, a Tragedy in One Act, '_''G net.
Music
Baughan (E. A.), Music and Musicians, 5/ net.
Ellis I W. A). Life of Richard Wagner, Vol. V., 16/ net.
Bibliography.
_■■ (V.. A.), Manual of Descriptive Annotation for
Library Catalogues, 5/ net
Philosophy.
Bosanquet (P>.), The Meaning of Teleology, 1/ net.
Musings of a Chinese Mystic, Selections' from Cliuang Tzu,
2 net.
History and Biography.
Allegations for Marriage Licences, issued by Commissary
Court of Surrey, 1073-1770, Part I., edited bv A. R.
Bax, 10/
B id (Chevalier), History of, translated by S. Coleridge
(N'ewnes' Pocket Classics), 2/6 net.
Brodrics (Hon. (i. c.) and Fotheringham (J. K.), The
History of England, 1801-37, 7/6 net.
Brown (A. I..). Selwyn College, Cambridge, ."'/net.
Decle (L.), The New Russia, 7/6
Indian Keloids Series: Old Fort William in Bengal, edited
by C. 15. Wilson, 2 vols., 24/ net.
Lee (I.), The Coming of the British to Australia, 1788-1820,
: ii net
Scherer (W.), A History of German Literature, translated
by Mrs. !■'. ('. Conybeare, 2 vols., 3/6 net each.
WalkeriT. A.), IYterlum.se, .V net
Williams (H. N.), Five Fair Sisters, 16/ net
Geography and Travel.
Cooked'. I!.), London to Lowestoft,
Jerrold(C), Picturesque Sussex, 2/6 net.
McHard) (E. A.), lona, 1/net
Mitlon ((;. E.), Cleikenwcll and St. Luke's, edited by
sir W, Besant, 1 6 net
Moore (F.), The Balkan Trail, 10/6 net
Kees (1). J.). The Briton in France; in Germany; in Italy,
:; vols., 1/ each.
Where to Live round London (Northern Side), 2,'G net.
Sports and Pastimes.
Climber's Note-Book, 1/net
Spalding's Cricket Guide, by Prince Ranjitsinhji, Cd. net.
Educational.
De Montmorency (J. K. G.), National Education and
National Life, 3/
MoOabe (J.), Secular Education, its HiBtoryand Results, 6&
Philology.
Aristotle, De Sensu and De Memoria, translated bj (; 1! T
Ross, 9 net
Longinus, Libellus de Suhlimitate, edited by A 0
Prickard, 2/
Prelections delivered before the Senate of the Fniver-ity
of Cambridge, 2."., 2(1, 27 January, 1908, ;, ' net.
School- Books.
Blunt (G.l, General Intelligence Papers, 8/6
Goldsmith, Gray, Coleridge, Wordsworth.Selections, 1 net.
Plutarch: Life of Cas.11, edited bv 1!. I,. A. D11 Ponlel ;
Life of Ooriolanus, with Introduction and Notes
2 each.
■ ore.
Cosand(Bfli J ■ \ New Tbeorj of the I'ni ■. .
1: \ i> i4 mi ine, 1 net
1 ,1 nun- in tlie < '.i ii,-,, 1 1.1 11 N.ni 1 1 M est, by an Old Hettl
Uaeekel ii 1. Wanderbilder, 2 seiie-, 12 net each; The
Blddle of the Universe, translated by J. McCabe, 6<f.
H In ton (C. 11 I 1 he fourth Dimension, 1 6
Lockyei i^ii N.), 8tonehenge and othei British Stone M 1
in. •nt-. Astronomicall) considered, 10 net
Newman (<;.). [nfanl Mortality, 7 6 net
Phillpoii- 1 I-., 1. M\ Garden, 1 ! 8 net.
Pol. in-.. 11 (F. K.), The Religion of Natun
south (it ), Butterflies of the British Isles, «; net.
Strnthers (J. w.i. Notes on Local Anaestfieaia in General
Surgery, 2 S net
System of Gynecology (A), edited bj T. C. Allimti and
ol hei -. 25/ net.
Thori 1 < w 1, Com f Instruction In Operative Suigwj
in the University of Manchester, 2 1; net,
Thresh (J. C.) and Porter (A B.), Preservatives in 1 1
ami Pood Examination, n net
Walker (S. I'.), Uectririty in Home- ami Workshops,
Ben t it t < 11 ami Pe\ ised, 5 net.
Wells (H. ii.), Mankind in the Making, (,/.
General Literature.
Bullock (Shan P.), The Cubf
Burmester (F. G. ), Clemency shaft... 8
Carey (BL), De Beauvoirthe Masterful, 1/
Cullum (K.), The Devils Keg, 6tt\
Evans (H. It.). The Old ami New Magic, 7 6 net.
Garnett (EL), De Flagello Myrteo, Third Edition, 2 0 net.
Gerard (l>.), The Compromise, 8
(iissing ■(<(.), Our Friend the Charlatan, (id.
Godfrey (E.), The Bridal of Anstace, <'■
Harrison (Mrs. Burton), Latter-Day Sweethearts, 6/
Howard (K.), The Cod in the Garden, (><l.
Kelly's Directory of the Wine ami Spirit Trades, 25/
King (A. R.), The Agony of Love and Hate, 0/
Livingstone College Year-Book, 100(1, Gil.
Long (J. L.). The Way of the Gods, 6
MacMahon (K.), Jemima. 6rf.
Macphail (A.), The Vine of Sibmah, Idol. 50.
Maud (C. E.), Felicity in Prance, 6/
Mifflin (L.), My Lady of Dream, 3/
Moore (G.), Memoirs of My Dead Life, 6/
Pennell (M.), Amor Veritatis, 5/
Russell (Dora), The Curate of Royston, 3/6
Rutari (A. von), Londoner Skizzenbuch, 4/ net.
Saltus (F.), Vanity Square, 4/6 net.
Speight (T. W.), Under a Cloud, 6/
Stranger (Povnton), Toll Marsh, 6/
Thurston (F. T.), The Apple of Eden, (!</.
Wallace (IL), Hasty Fruit, Second Edition, 0/
Watts-Dunton (T.), Avlwin, India Paper, 5/ net.
White (F. M.), The Corner House, 6/
FOREIGN.
Theology.
Bossert (A.), Calvin, 2fr.
Hubert (M. H.), Etude sommaire cle la Representation <lu
Temps dans la Religion et la Magie.
I'fleiderer (O.), Religion u. Religionen, 4m.
Soltau(W.), DasFortlebendes Hwideiitums in der altchrist-
lichen Kirche, 6m.
Walter (J. von), Die ersten Wanderprediger Frankreichs,
neue Folge, 4m. 80.
Fine Art and Archaeology.
Bouchaud (P. de). Tableau de la Sculpture italienne an
XVI. Siecle : Jean de Bologne, 1524-1608, 3fr. 50.
Ritter (W.), Ftudes d'Art ctranger, 3fr. 50.
Music.
Prod'homme(J. G.), Les Symphonies de Beethoven, 1800-27,
5fr.
Philosophy.
Leasing (T.), Schopenhauer, Wagner, Nietzsche, 5m. 50.
History and Biography.
Denis (E.), La Fondation de l'Empire Allemand, lOfr.
llauser (II. ), Les Sources de l'Histoire de France, 1404 1610,
Part L, 5fr.
Lenotre (G.), Paris Rcvolutionnaire : vieilles Maisons,
vieux Papiers, Series III., 5fr.
Meister (A.), Die (ieheimschrift im Dienste der papstlichen
Kurie von ihren Anfangen bis zinii Fnde lies X\l.
Jahrh., 24m.
Noailles (\icomle de). Episodes de la fJuerre de Trente
Ans : Le Cardinal de La Ynlelte, 7fr. ail.
Fi;ot(l- ) Les Iraneais itali nil: antsau \\ I, si.elf \ -„1 I.
7fr. :.o.
Piton (C.), Paris suns Louis XV., Bfr. 50.
Terrage (Baron M. de Villiers du), Rois sans Couronne, Bfr.
Philology.
Hoffmann (<).), Die Makedonen, ihre Sprache u. ihr Volks-
tum, Bm.
Science.
Boletin del Cuerpo de Ingenieros <le Minas del Perti,
Niis. 32, S3, 34.
Neumayer (C. Mm), Anlcitung zu wissenschaftlichen Beo-
baclitungcn auf Heisen. Parts 13 15, Third Edition, 10m.
General Literature.
Cervantes (M.), El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la
Mancha, edited by C. Cortejdn, Part I. Vol. II., JOptas.
Convreur (A.), La Famille: Le Fruit, 8fr. 50.
Fogaz/.aro ( A.), Le Saint, traduit de l'ltalien par G. Hcrelle,
Sir. 50.
Nesiny (J.), Les Fgarcs. Sfr. 50.
Revue germanique, Mai-Juin, 4fr.
%* All Books received at the Office up to Wednesday
Morning irill lie included in this List unless preciously
noted. Publisher! are requested to state prices -ichen
setutina Books.
m:\\ LIGHT OS HTJRAT AND
tfAPOLEON.
Commandant Win., know II i'> Ufl »<
learned irritec <>n military history <»f tin?
eighteenth oentury and moi ally of
th<- commenoemeni of t)i<- nineteenth, lias
|j<-cn the (list to publish important n<-\s- m-
formation bearing on an interesting intrigue.
Hi- had previously smtten on tin- evei
connected with the rivalry anrl irith the
warfare in Italy between tin- three eauses
represented by the Viceroy I .Marat,
and the Austrian-. .Miiiat - wife, Napo-
leon- sister, our readers will remember, had
conducted with the Anstriana negotiations —
kept Secret from the Powers, hut know;
Murat — during the absence of the King of
Naples in command of the cavalry of the
(hand Army. Napoleon shut his eyes to
the police information which made him
acquainted with the fact that Murat was
thinking of -becoming one of the kings
arrayed against him. It was also known that
after the interference of Lord William Ben-
tinck, which prevented the complete accept-
ance of a treaty between Murat and Austria,
the King of Naples had exchanged communi-
cations with the French authorities and half
promised to turn against Austria for Napo-
leon. The new discoveries, on which a review
article has been privately reprinted for sepa-
rate circulation by Commandant Weil, reveal
the details of the secret negotiations between
Murat and Prince Eugene in March, 1814,
during the campaign of France. Their chief
historical interest lies in the proof that
Napoleon proposed at the last to Murat,
through the Viceroy of Italy, a division of
the peninsula which would have added
Tuscany and the Papal States to Naples.
The offer came too late, and Murat had
raised his terms and asked for the retire-
ment of all French troops from Northern
Italy and the destruction of the military
roads across the Alps, as the condition
of his suddenly attacking the Austrian
army.
sending Books.
'THE OPEN ROAD.'
June 11th, 190C.
Mr. Grant Richards's lengthy reply
studiously evades my only point. To wonder
that I raised no objection to ' The Voice of
the Mountains ' is beside the mark, for that
book resembled mine only in inessentials ;
nor should I have objected to ' Traveller's
Joy ' had any other firm issued it in an
independent form. Indeed, it would be
more pertinent to wonder that Mr. Grant
Richards himself, since he claims to own the
format of the original ' Open Road,' did
not object to 'The Voice of the Mountains';
but as a matter of fact that format, if it
belongs t > any one, belongs. I imagine, to
Mr. Moiing. who bought Mr. Grant Kiehards's
business, and from whom I have just ac-
quired the blocks of the original end-papers
to ' The Open Road.' I never considered
the format mine, and refrained from using
it. although, when the unchallenged appear-
ance of ' The Voice of the Mountains '
suggested that it was common property. I
might have been tempted to do so.
The point of my letter (which it seems
necessary to restate) was merely this : that
in the best interests of publishing it is not
desirable that a publisher in Mr. Grant
Richards's posit ion should, when he starts
anew, include in his list any book that is
likely to injure the sale of one of his pre-
vious books on which he still owes money —
whether a large or a small sum is irrelevant.
That 'Traveller's Joy' is calculated to in-
N°4103, June 16, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
733
jure ' The Open Road ' would be evident to
the most casual eye, even without the
assistance of Mr. Grant Richards' s adver-
tisements, wherein its kinship to my book
is insisted upon.
Apart from considerations of personal
property, I would submit on general principles
that when a distinctive format has once been
united to a distinctive book by a living
author or editor, it is not well, either for the
author or for the book-buying public, that
a transference of that format should be
made to another book precisely similar in
literary intontion and scope. The result of
such a transference in the present case is
that ' Traveller's Joy ' becomes a " double "
of ' The Open Road,' and " doubles," how-
ever amusing they may be in life, are in
literature troublesome and can be the cause
of legitimate distrust.
Since no written law seems to be infringed
by such a doubling, I put the proposition
forward a fortnight ago, and repeat it and
amplify it now, in the hope of interesting
public opinion in the matter. It is simply
a question of taste. E. V. Lucas.
In a letter in your issue of the 2nd inst.
Mr. E. V. Lucas shows himself displeased
at the publication of ' Traveller's Joy,' my
little collection of English verse and prose.
From my first cursory reading of his letter
I took away the impression that his com-
plaint lay only against the publisher who
had ventured to use once more the type,
paper, binding, and fashion of lining paper
whicli had already been consecrated to the
service of ' The Open Road.' I disclaim all
responsibility for the format of the volume,
and I should have taken no notice of Mr.
Lucas's letter, had it not been pointed out
to me that, at least by implication, he
charges me with having imitated ' The Open
Road ' "' in idea " and in " system of arrange-
ment."
First as to the idea. I do not concern
myself with other people's ideas and motives,
but this apparently is not Mr. Lucas's way.
In my preface I have set forth my own idea
of an anthology such as I thought might be
welcome to the ever-increasing crowd of
independent travellers : one in which I
might lay before these certain favourite bits
of my own, largely taken from the lesser-
known writers of the past. Tins idea I
carried out to the best of my ability, and if
Mr. I. urns finds it a plagiary of his own as
revealed in his book, I can only say I differ.
With regard to the " system of arrangement "
there will be found strongly marked differ-
ences.
A dispute between Mr. Lucas and myself
as anthologists recalls the strife of the pot
and kettle. If I have imitated him, are his
withers unwrung as to the anthologists who
have gone before him ? (Vixere fortes). At
this rate a cry of plagiary might echo back
to Elizabethan times till Tottel, with his
' Miscellany,' should knock the latest com-
plainant on the head. W. G. Watebs.
LOST IRISH MEMOIRS.
17, Sandycombe Road, Kew Gardens.
I should be hopefully under obligation
if you would give publicity to these
facts : —
In 1905 Nora Chesson (nee Hopper) was
in Ireland, and travelled between Dublin.
Limerick, Killarney, Tralee, Glengariff,
Cork, Blarney, Youghal. Armagh, Portruah,
the Giants' Causeway, and Londonderry.
She Wrote her impressions of her travel's.
and informed me that she sent them to lh<
editor of The Daily Express, Dublin. The
editor asserts that he did not receive them,
and it is suggested that the author mis-
directed her parcel, which remains lost
despite energetic attempts to trace it. The
MS. is perhaps anonymous and is shelved —
or, in the expressive vernacular, " slum-
med " — by some one who does not edit an
Express. I trust that these lines may be
read by him. W. H. Chesson.
STATE-AIDED EMIGRATION.
40, St. James's Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham.
In the review of ' Canada : the New
Nation,' which The Athenceum has done me
the honour of publishing, your writer says :
(a) " Mr. Whates is a little wild in his
emigration scheme"; "Mr. Whates pro-
poses his scheme," &c.
May I say that I have no scheme, and
have propounded none in the book ? What
I have done is to suggest the appointment
of a Royal Commission and to set forth
in detail (pp. 2'"!0-l) imaginary "terms of
reference " covering the chief topics of
investigation.
Your reviewer adds : (b) " It is difficult
to discover whether Mr. Whates proposes
State emigration for our benefit, or for that
of Canada, or of the Empire as a whole."
Why this difficulty ? May I quote from
p. 198 ?—
" The time is ripe for an inquiry witli the object
of eliciting definite recommendations to facilitate.
on an organised system, the settlement on the
unutilised Crown Lands of the Empire — not alone
of Canada — of such people in the United Kingdom
as may desire to emigrate, or for whom emigration
would he advantageous to the community in
England and to those in lands over-sea. Such
recommendations might supply the basis of an
Imperial policy with regard to emigration The
first step is an inquiry into the facts relating
to all parts of the over-sea Empire where the
white race can thrive. An adequate examination
of them could only be made by men of trained
minds, accustomed to deal with masses of socio-
logical evidence, and impressed by the necessity
of evolving a working plan for the better distri-
bution throughout the Empire of the white
population of the Empire."'
I have so deep a respect for the
thoughtful and painstaking reviews pub-
lished in The Athenozum, and so keen a sense
of the authority exercised by your critics,
that I venture to trouble you with this
letter ; but not in any controversial spirit,
for I am gratified that so slight a contri-
bution to a great subject should have been
deemed worthy of your attention.
Harry Richard Whates.
%* The complaint of Mr. Whates deals
with the first and less important part of our
notice of his book, and naturally omits the
second part, in which, reviewing his later
essays, we expressed strong approval of
their interesting character, and commended
their account of the political situation of
the Dominion to all our readers. With
regard to emigration, wo regret that we are
unable to modify our statement of the well-
known fact that no party in this country
has attempted, since Sir George Grey's
campaign of 1K70, to recommend a Large
scheme of State-aided emigration in the
interest either of ;m\ colony Or in thai of the
mother country, or is likely to do so.
THE LATE DR. W. G. BLACKIE.
1 SHOULD like to add to the notice of this
venerable gentleman which appeared in The
Athenceum last week, the fact that his father,
John Blaekio, the founder of the publishing
house, who was born in 1782, also reached
his ninety-second year. He was the only
son of John Blackie, who came to Glasgow
in 1781, and married Agnes Burrell in the
same year. Dr. W. G. Blackie received the
degree of LL.D. from Glasgow University.
He was Lord Dean of Guild in 1885-7, and
Principal of St. Mungo's College from its
foundation until 1898. He was a member
of the Universities Commission appointed
under the Universities Act of 1889. E. B.
THE BIRTH-YEAR
HENRY V.
OF
I am sorry to have to join issue with my
friend Mr. Wylie on a point of accuracy.
But when he states that I have, in the
Introduction to my ' Chronicles of London,'
unfortunately drawn a wrong inference that
Henry V. was born in 1387, he has himself
fallen into a simple error. The years in
VitelliusA. xvi., as in other London chronicles
are mayoral, not regnal. Consequently
10 Richard II. began on October 29th, 1386,
and ended on October 28th, 1387 ; and as we
know that Henry was born in August, it
follows with certainty that his birthday fell
in August 1387. This date is supported by
the eai'liest authorities, who state positively
that Henry was in his twenty-sixth year
when he began his reign on March 20th, 1413,
and in his thirty-sixth year when he died in
the early morning of Sept. 1st, 1422. (The
precise references are given on p. 13 of my
'Henry V.') Whatever the soundness of
Mr. Wylie's conviction may be. the Vitellius-
Chronicle will give him no help.
C. L. KlNGSFORD.
We welcome a new series destined to
throw light on the Dark Ages. Messrs.
Dent & Co. are preparing four volumes
on the history of culture and civilization,
roughly from the age of Diocletian to
that of Charlemagne. The volumes will
be edited by the Rev. A. J. Carlyle, well
known as a writer on mediaeval thought,
and the first, ' The Last Centuries of the
Ancient Empire,' will be by Mr. H.
Stuart Jones ; while the second, by
Mr. C. J. B. Gaskoin will deal with
' The Barbarians and the Carlovingian
Empire.' The third volume, by Mr.
E. C. Quiggin, discusses ' The Civilization
of Ireland ' ; and the last, by Miss Alice
Cooke, 'The Empire from Charles the
Great to the Death of Henry III.' There
will probably be two further volumes,
studying the relations of Europe with
Scandinavia and Byzantine Life. The
scheme promises well, and wo are glad to
notice that there will be several chapters
on literary and artistic matter-.
Mkssks. So\\i:\s( iikin will publish
shortly for Prof. J. M. Baldwin, the well-
known psychologist, the first of three
volumes on 'Thoughts and Things; or,
Genetic Logic: a Study of the Develop-
ment and Meaning of Thought." ' Func-
tional Logic ' is the title of the first instal-
ment, which traces the development of
knowledge through the sense, memory,
play and image modes, discovering the
motives and meanings of the great
dualisms of inner and outer, subjective*
I ■ >
TH E A Til KN/KUM
N"4lo:{, Jim. If;, l'jnfi
.Hid objeotive, mind and body, to., and
> air\mg tlif research into the n c . ,f I he*
pn if reflection and thinking proper,
with which the Becond volume deals.
Me, I'nwin has in die press a work
entitled 'The Nature and Purpose <if the
Universe,' by Mi. J. Denham Parsons,
author <>f The Non-Christian Cross. '
The book is at once an argument for the
survival <»f human personality in all its
identity and integrity, and an attempt to
provide a system of philosophy capable
of brief and intelligible statement.
Mi:. .Ions Wii.i.c ■<>< k has given the
title Scotland under Cromwell and
Charles II. : being the Life and Time- of
Archibald, ninth Earl of Argyll,' to a
sequel he has written to his hook ' The
Great Marquess.' It is hoped to produce
it during the present year.
Dr. Hoi. i. and Rose is engaged upon a
Work dealing with the later years of
William Pitt, in which his foreign policy,
especially, will be elucidated by researches
at the Foreign Office and by the aid of
other unused sources. His economic
policy will also be discussed. Any persons
possessing private documents illustrating
the public life of Pitt will greatly oblige
Dr. Rose by communicating with his
publishers, Messrs. George Bell & Sons,
York House, Lincoln's Inn.
Messrs. Chatto & Windus have in
preparation for this autumn a book by
Mr. Clarence Rook entitled ' Switzerland :
the Country and its People.' It will be
illustrated with eighty full-page plates,
covering a wide range both of locality
and subject, the majority being reproduc-
tions in colour of water-colours by Mrs.
James Jardine. The aim of the author
has been to give its due place to that
Swiss national life which the traveller is
too ready to forget. Author and painter
are working separately.
A new volume of verse by Mr.
O. L. St. M. Watson is to be published
shortly by Mr. Elliot Stock. It will be
entitled ' With Brandished Bauble,' and
will consist chiefly of pieces of light verse
and parody, some of which have appeared
in The World, Punch, and The Daily
■Chronicle. Mr. Stock will also publish
some poems by Mr. Alec C. More, under
the title ' Radia ; or, New Light on Old
Truths.'
The West Strand Publishing Company
will issue next week, under the title
'Saturday Bridge,' a number of the
articles on bridge contributed to The
Saturday Review by Mr. William Dalton ;
which have been revised by the author.
This is not a book for beginners, but is
intended for those who, having attained
to mediocrity, wish to improve their play.
It will contain a ' Bridge Bibliography ' —
so rankly has the " literature " of the
game grown.
The prize of one hundred guineas
•offered by Dr. Peddie Steele, of Florence,
for the best essay on sixteenth-century
humanism as illustrated by the life and
work of George Buchanan, whose quater-
centenary occurs this year, has been
awarded to Mr. Thomas D. Robb, of
Auohinsale, Potterhill, Paisley. Theoom*
petition was open to all alumni of the four
Scottish universities, and twenty-four
essays were submitted to the committee.
Chambers's J<><iiitttl for July will h«-
strong in literary interest. Mr. Wyberi
Reeve supplies some froli Recollection-
of Wilkie Collins ' ; Mr. Lewis Melville
has two papers upon ' Kxijiiisites of the
Regency ' ; and Mi. T. H. S. Escott
writes upon ' Some Talkers of my Time.'
including Lady Currie. Charles Reade,
Abraham Bayward, John Oxenford, and
Mrs. ( (rote.
Prof. Gboboe G. Ramsay, who has
filled the Humanity Chair of Glasgow
University since 1863, has just resigned.
He is well known for his work on Tacitus
and an excellent ' Manual of Latin Prose
Composition.' Prof. John C McKendrick
has also given up his Glasgow chair, that
of Physiologv, which he has held since
1876.
A NUMBER of interesting books and
MSS. have recently been arranged for
temporary exhibition in the Advocates'
Library, Edinburgh. Among these are
the MSS. of ' Marmion ' and of ' Waverley ";
autographs of James V. of Scotland, Mary
of Lorraine, Mary, Queen of Scots,
James VI., and Queen Elizabeth ; the
Scots Covenants of 1580 and 1638 ; a
Mazarin Bible ; and the volume contain-
ing the Library's unique set of the earliest
productions of the press of Chepman and
Myllar, the first Scottish printers.
' The Book of Fair Women,' by
Federigo Luigino of Udine, has been
translated from the Venetian edition of
1554 by Miss Elsie M. Lang, and will be
published by Mr. Werner Laurie.
' A Book of English Sonnets ' is
to be published in a limited edition by
Mr. S. Wellwood. Recent and living
poets will be represented as well as
earlier writers, and paper, type, and
binding have all been selected with a
view to producing a beautiful book.
No book published in the United States
has brought about such remarkable
results as Upton Sinclair's novel ' The
Jungle.' The National Beef Inspection
Bill, which has aroused the whole country,
was a direct result of its disclosures con-
cerning the packing industry in Chicago.
The agitation for pure meat in ' The
World's Work ' aided materially in the
movement too.
Although the late Sir Halliday
Macartney was not a literary man in
the sense of being the author of any
published work, his dispatches, which
were exceedingly voluminous and covered
a wide range of subjects, were charac-
terized by an incisive force that some-
times ruffled the plumage of staid and
precise Foreign Office clerks. It is
believed that Sir Halliday has left
abundant materials for a memoir, and
they should prove a mine of information
about the secret history of politics and
diplomacy in the Far East during the
last half century.
We are sorry to notice the death of
Mr. James F. Spriggs, the representative
in London of the we||-kir»(Wn publishing
houses of M< i Oliphant, And'
I ■ rrier, 'if Edinburgh, and tin- Fleming
II. Revel] Company, of New fork and
Chicago. Mr. SpriggH wan a familiar
figure in th<- advertising world of London
journalism, and a keen worker in other
ways, being much interested in mission
work among the poor children of South
London.
Mn. P. M. Sii.i.aI'.ij writes : —
•■ In your notice of * A Hook of Memory '
(p. TOO, .June (.tlh) you claim foi it- compiler
nudity in the idea of a Birthday Jl< •« -k
of the I )( ad : but, if Only OB a bibltograpl
let. it is worth noting that in 1886 I >■
Florence McCarthy's daughter compiled and
published through (Jill of Dublin a 1.
which bore the title " A Birthday \'><><>k of
the Dead.' It was BO successful that it
went through a few editions, and gave
to other imitations than tlie one uni
notice."
The death, in his eighty-fifth year, is
announced from Weimar of the classical
scholar Dr. Otto Heine.
Last week, after we had gone to pre--,
the news came that a distinguished Ger-
man philosopher had passed away at ( iross-
lichterfelde, Berlin — Eduard von Hart-
mann. He was born at Berlin in 1842,
and entered on a military career; but
owing to ill-health he was obliged to
resign his commission in 1865. From
that time he devoted himself to philosophy
and science, and in 1869 published the
first of a long list of books, ' Die Philo-
sophic des Unbewussten.' which at once
established his reputation. Among his
other works are ' Wahrheit und Irrtuxn
im Darwinismus ' (1875 ; second edition
1890), ; Phiinomenologie des sittlichen
Bewusstseins ' (1878 ; second edition
1886), ' Die deutsche Aesthetik seit Kant '
(1886), 'Die Philosophic des Schonen '
(1887), and ' Weltanschauung der mo-
dernen Physik ' (1902). His select works
appeared in thirteen volumes, 1886-1901.
He also published ' Aphorisms on the
Drama ' (1870) and a collection of dramatic
poems (1871). The reaction against many
of Darwin's theories has of late years
re-established
larity.
Messrs. Sotheby's sale on the 30th
inst. will include, in forty-one thick folio
volumes, the official correspondence of
Charles, Lord Whitworth, consisting of
letters, credentials, dispatches, deem
drafts of treaties, and other documents
addressed to him or collected by him
during his various diplomatic missions at
Ratisbon (1701-6), Moscow (1704-11),
Berlin (1719-22). Cambray (1722-4). Paris
(1725), and elsewhere. The correspond-
ence seems to be for the most part unpub-
lished, and the thousands of paj>ers should
prove of great historical interest. The
Russian section is in eight volumes, and
it is probably upon this material that
Lord Whitworth based his * Account of
Russia as it was in 1710,' printed by
Walpole at the Strawberry Hill Press in
1758.
Our French friends are always feting
one or another of their great men. Last
Hartmann"s waning popu-
N°4103, June 16, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
735
week it was Corneille ; this week it is
Alexandre Dumas fits, of whom a statue,
the work of M. R. de Saint Marceaux,
was publicly inaugurated on Tuesday at
the Place Malesherbes. The literary
supplement of the Figaro on Friday in
last week was almost exclusively occupied
by souvenirs and articles concerning the
author of ' La Dame aux Camelias,' the
contributors including MM. Jules Lemaitre,
Paul Bourget, R. Poincare, and Henri
d'Almeras.
The Academie Francaise has awarded
the first Prix Gobert, of the value of
9,000 francs, to General Bonnal for his
work in four volumes with the general
title of ' L' Esprit de la Guerre Moderne,'
and with the sub-titles ' De Rosbach a
Ulm,' ' La Manoeuvre d'Jena,' ' La Ma-
noeuvre de Landshut,' and ' La Manoeuvre
de Vilna.' This prize is given for " le
morceau le plus eloquent d'histoire de
France." The award of the second prize
of the same foundation, of the value of
1,000 francs, will be declared at the next
meeting of the Academie.
Recent Parliamentary Papers include
a Report of the Historical MSS. Commis-
sion on the Franciscan Manuscripts pre-
served at the Convent, Merchants' Quay,
Dublin (Is. id.) ; Annual Report of the
Deputy Keeper of the Public Records
(Id.), which notes the progress made in
researches at the Vatican ; Report on
Quaker Charities, County of Lancaster
(9d.) — these have not been previously
described in any published Report ; Regu-
lations for Secondary Schools (2d.) ;
Regulations providing for Special Grants
in aid of certain Local Education Autho-
rities in England and Wales (\d.) ;
Report on Reformatory and Industrial
Schools of Great Britain (Is. 9d.) ; Reports
relating to Continuation Classes and
Central Institutions, Scotland (S\d.) ;
Annual Report by the Accountant for
Scotland to the Scotch Education Depart-
ment (6d.) ; Report of the Intermediate
Education Board for Ireland (3d.) ; Ac-
counts of the Intermediate Education
Board for Ireland (Id.) ; and Annual
Report of the Commissioners of Educa-
tion in Ireland for 1905 (5hd.).
SCIENCE
ETHNOLOGY.
The Euahlayi Tribe : a Study of Aboriginal
Life in Australia. By K. Langloh Parker.
With an Introduction by Andrew Lang.
(Constable & Co.) — Mrs. Langloh Parker,
who lias already published two volumes of
tales of the same tribe, presents here the
result of twenty years observation of a
single tribe residing near the Narran river,
at the northern frontier of New South Wales.
about a hundred miles from Brewarrina, and
possessing much in common with the
Kamilaroi, who are to the south-east of tin in.
and have been much studied since the Rev.
W. Bidley, fifty years ago, reported <m their
classificatory systems. Though the Kuahlayi
have the same system as the Kamilaroi, and
the languages of both are nearly allied, in
Bomeother respects theideas and usagesof the
former resemble those of the Arunta. further
west, which have been recently investigated
with such excellent effect by Messrs. Spencer
and Gillen. Mrs. Parker's book is first-hand
evidence of the best kind.
She reports the belief of the tribe in a
supernatural, though anthropomorphic being
named Byamee (corresponding to the Baiame
of the Kamilaroi), or " the great one," but
known to their women and the uninitiated
as " Boyjerh," or "father." She was first
told of him in whispers, by a very old native
" Bald Head," said to have been already
grey-haired when Sir Thomas Mitchell dis-
covered the Narran in 1846. It does not
appear whether this is the same person with
"Paddy, a man already grey in 1845," "who
had no English but a curse," and who was
communicated with through two native
women as interpreters. However that may
be, if he was instructed as to Byamee at his
initiation, as he said, it must have been
long before any missionary influence could
have introduced the belief in an " all father."
Kindliness towards the old and sick is
strictly inculcated as a command of Byamee,
to whom all breaches of his laws are reported
by the all-seeing spirit at a man's death,
and he is judged accordingly ; indeed, the
care of the natives for the aged seems to
have been remarked by Sir T. Mitchell.
This and other ethical teachings are given
to the boys at their initiation ceremonies ;
though, no doubt, the main object of those
ceremonies is to harden them and teach
them endurance. Even the babies are early
taught lessons of generosity and kindness.
When a baby offers anything to the person
nursing it, the gift is accepted and a charm
sung to inculcate generosity : —
Give to me, baby ;
Give to her, baby ;
Give to him, baby ;
Give to one, baby ;
Give to all, baby.
As soon as a baby begins to crawl, the mother
croons to it : —
Kind be,
T)o not steal,
Do not touch what to another belongs,
Leave all such alone
Kind be.
This evidence is strongly in favour of the
views taken by Mr. Andrew Lang, who has
contributed an excellent Introduction to
the volume. He points out the great ad-
vantage that Mrs. Parker has had over the
most scientific of male observers in her
intimate familiarity with the women and
children of the tribe. He says truly that
the Euahlayi are a sympathetic peopie, and
in her have found a sympathetic chronicler.
He proceeds to a criticism of the views of Dr.
J. G. Frazer as to the development of certain
ideas and practices among the Australian
tribes, and the order of their succession — a
question of the greatest difficulty, partly
from the defects of evidence ; partly front
the impossibility of determining what is a
real advance, and which of the ideas and
practices in question was in fact the primitive
one ; and partly from the presence in a tribe
like the Euahlayi, as compared with other
tribes, of some elements that appear to be
in advance with others that appear to be
in arrear. Mrs. Parker's book is full of
material for discussion on all these abstruse
points.
She has also some good stories to tell.
Bootha. an old witohwoman, had a great
reputation for wonderful cures, and it seems
she deserved it. A man named Matah was
lame from a pain in his knee. Bootha sang
a song to her spirits, and said, " Too muchee
water there ; you steam him. put him on
hot rag; you drink plenty cold water, all
lite, dat go." As it happened, a medical
man was passing a few days afterwards,
with an insurance agent, and Matah con-
sulted him. " H'm : yes, yes. Hot fomen-
tations to the place affected, poultices, a
cooling draught. There 's a stoppage of fluid
at the knee-joint, which must be dispersed."
As Mrs. Parker says, Bootha ought to have-
been called in consultation. Riddles play
a great part in the social life of the tribe, and
he who knows many is much sought after-
One specimen will suffice : " The strongest
man cannot stand against me. I can knock
him down, yet I do not hurt him. He feels
better for my having knocked him down.
What am I ? " Answer, sleep.
The book is illustrated by six sketches,.
drawn by a Euahlayi artist, representing a
native carrying a message stick ; two natives
ready for a corroboree ; the funeral of a
native, who is carried in a coffin of bark,
slung on the shoulders of two men, while-
women and cliildren are wailing ; a native
singing to his own accompaniment, lying
on his back, the musical instrument being
two boomerangs, clicked together ; a native
grinding grass seed ; and a native with
shield and waddy in front of his camp.
Mrs. Parker says, with much truth and
humour : —
"I dare say little with an air of finality about
black people ; I have lived too much with them
for that. To be positive, you should never spent!
more than six months in their neighbourhood ; in
fact, if you want to keep your anthropological
ideas quite firm, it is safer to let the blacks remain
in inland Australia while you stay a few thousand
miles away."
She urges upon missionaries some degree of
respect for the religion into which the black
is born, and by which he lives, in much
closer obedience to its laws than we pay to
those of our religion. Elimination of some
savageiies would leave enough good to form
a workable religion understood by the
natives.
Every page of Mrs. Parker's book indicates-
her kindly and genial nature — even the
description of her house-girls as the " black-
but-comelies " — and it is not only readable
and interesting, but also a substantial con-
tribution to our knowledge of the Australian)
aborigines.
Twenty-Third Annual Be port of the Bureau
of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution, 1901-2. J. W.
Powell, Director. (Washington, Govern-
ment Printing Office.) — Though the name
of the late Major Powell appears on the
title-page of this Report, the letter of trans-
mittal, dated Februarv 23rd, 1904, is signed
by Mr. W. H. Holmes as " chief." The
Report itself was transmitted by the acting
director on July 1st, 1902. It contains the
usual full statement of the manner in which
the Bureau has administered the 10,000?.
appropriated to it by Congress for continu-
ing ethnological researches among the
American Indians under the direction of
the Smithsonian Institution. Special atten-
tion was given during the year to physical
ethnology and aboriginal economics.
It appears to have been intended (set
Twentieth Report, p. ccvi) to issue the
memoir by Dr. F. Russell on the Pima
Indians of Arizona as an accompanying
paper to this Report, forming Part 1. His
investigation covered aboriginal industries..
local types of habitation, food sources, &c.
A special memoir <>n technology will pro-
bably appeal- in bulletin form, and a general
monograph on the social organization,
mythology, and n-st hctology of the Pima
Indians and on the antiquities of their
habitat in a future Report.
Mrs. Stevenson's memoir on the Zuni;
Indians, their mythology, esoteric frater-
nities, and ceremonies, is accordingly th<
only accompanying paper to this Report,
which appears in one volume. It is ii
treatise of 634 pages, royal 8vo, illustrated
7:;r,
'I'll E A 'I1 II EN.SU M
N HO I, .Iim. 16, L906
by 139 plates (man j in colours) and .'it wood
outs in the text. We have alreadj referred
in '/'A. Atl,. n<> urn 1688) to
the 1 1 i ?_r 1 1 oompetem I tins ladj on the work
■he has undertaken. Bhe accompanied her
late husband, Col. Jami - Btevenson, in ln-
its t n New Mexico on behalf oi the Bun su,
■which gained thereby several valuable
} tapers m its Reports. After his death
rom mountain fever in 1888, in bis huts
eighth year, she Bpenl a Long time in intimate
ociation with the Indian tribes, sharing
their daily life and habits, she was thus
enabled to acquire information which
<'oiil(l only be obtained by a woman Living
in friendly sympathy with their women.
The late Mr. I". H. Cushing also spent much
time among the Zuni people, and related
his experienoes not only in the Reports <>t'
the Bureau, hut also in more popular tonus.
Mrs. Stevenson's paper, elaborate as it is,
claims to be, not a monograph on the whole
subject, but only a true record of the beliefs
and practices of the tribe. Her wish is to
" aid the Government to a better under-
standing of the North American Indians.''
In their arid land rain is the prime object
of prayer. A Zuni must be truthful (" speak
with one tongue ") in order to have his
prayers accepted by the gods. He must be
gentle and kind, for the gods care not for
those whose lips speak with harshness. No
rain means starvation ; hence their quest
for happiness is a quest for physical nourish-
ment and enjoyment. The morning prayer
is uttered out of doors, looking toward the
rising sun. The rain priesthood consists of
fourteen men who do no secular work, having
as their special duty to fast and pray for
rain ; of the elder and younger Bow priests,
who represent the gods of war ; and of the
priestess of fecundity. These symbolize
superhuman beings, who in the beginning
existed below, while the supreme life-giving
power, referred to as He-She, with the sun
father and moon mother, existed above.
These, and a number of inferior deities, are
represented in the ceremonies by men wear-
ing masks. Besides the Bow priests, there
are many other esoteric fraternities,
established to initiate people into the
mysteries of medicine, the art of sword-
swallowing, the practice of fire-eating, and
the like.
In her zeal for scientific investigation of
these matters, and generally of the beliefs
and practices of the Zuni, Mrs. Stevenson
seems to have frequently shown a disregard
of their prejudices which does great credit
to her courage, and adds to our admiration
of her success. In 1896 she visited un-
announced the gambling den of Zuni, a
dimly lighted room, reached by a ladder
through a hatchway, covered with a straw
mat to keep out intruders, frequented by
the more profligate characters of the tribe.
The eight or ten men present appealed to
be much annoyed ; but when they were
informed that she had come to observe the
game, and not to denounce them for their
profligacy, a sigh of relief escaped them.
The tact she displayed in saving, against
tremendous odds, the lives of those con-
demned to death for w itchcraft, forms a very
interesting story. Her inference from it is
that
" primitive man must be approached according to
his understanding; thus the prime requisite for
improving the conditions of the Indian is fami-
liarity with Indian thought and customs. Those
possessing superior intelligence and a love for
humanity, and only such, may lead our Indians
from darkness into light. The Indian will never
be driven."
In October, 1884, Mrs. Stevenson "hap-
pened to be passing the ceremonial chamber "
■of a fraternit \ ,
■ and u .i attracted l>\ a half -oirolo of white meal
before the ground entranoc to the chamber. Bhe
immediately itepped to H" door, and although
man] Indian |>rot< ted against hei entering
pa • ■ 1 through tb< doorway before their criea and
t bi eat oould !><• heaid in
The members looked up from their repast
with surprise, but made her Welcome, and
invited her to be seated and to join in the
local. They for the moment forgot that
their sacred fetish, a large Btonfl animal,
was exposed to the eye of the visitor ; and
as she was judicious enough to appear on
conscious of its existence, they hastened to
cover it with blankets. Afterwards, when
the officers of the fraternity became better
acquainted with her, they did not attempt
to conceal it from her view-.
M rs. Stevenson's dwelling was in the upper
story of the ceremonial house of the BWOrd-
Bwallowers, but she had great difficulty in
getting photographs and in entering the
ceremonial chamber. When her persever-
ance and t he help of a friendly native woman
had overcome these difficulties, the wrath
and distress of the old man in charge of the
house knew no bounds, and he declared that
the photographer would bring calamity not
only on herself, but also on all the house-hold.
Another instance in which she overcame a
difficulty relates to a more delicate matter ;
but as she tells the story herself, there can
be no harm in repeating it. In the cere-
monies of the Shumaakwe, two men and a
boy personate the Saiapa, who
" lived in this world before any kind of raiment
was known, and therefore never had any : and it
was the strict injunction of those gods that all
apparel he dispensed with hy their personators."
Their only dress, therefore, was a coat of
white paint ; but at the request of Mrs.
Stevenson, after a discussion continuing over
an hour, it was decided that a breechcloth
should be added.
In addition to the detailed description of
all the ceremonies connected with the various
forms of worship, the events of the calendar,
the initiation into the fraternities, and the
medical practice of the people, the author
discusses their history, social customs,
games, arts, and industries. She records
that Mr. Stevenson, in his first visit in 1879,
" inaugurated many changes for the better.
Window panes, candles, lamps, and silver-
smiths' implements were introduced, and
larger doors were made." Since then the
Zunis have made great progress in learning
English, but the contact thus induced with
some phases of civilization has had a bad
result on their morals.
Mrs. Stevenson is to be thanked for an
instructive and fascinating work, contain-
ing ample material for the study of the reli-
gious ideas of primitive people. The Bureau
is also to be thanked for the liberality with
which it has illustrated Mrs. Stevenson's
pa) an-, and for the good index of l2(i pages.
We have come across only one perplexity :
in several places a foot-note refers us to
p. 410 for the description of the " mili," or
ear of corn covered with plumes. When we
turn to p. 410, a foot-note again refers us to
410, which cannot be right. Probably 418
is meant, where- a beautiful coloured drawing
of the object is to be found.
RESEARCH NOTES.
The current number of The Philosophical
Magazine contains an article by Prof. J. J.
Thomson in which he gives an answer to the
problem of the number of corpuscles within
the atom, stated, but not solved, by him in
his recent lectures at the Royal Institution.
Working on the lines there indicated, lie
claims to have ascertained that the number
"l n.ti.i atomic corpus'!*-* or negat
el.i trOTJ !1UC
weight oi any element, so that the hylrogen
atom would Contain only oi,. ■ helium
tour, and SO on. M. < • ion,
P( mentioned m th
1066 - - that the . •
hydrogen c i one j . r i< 1 one
ative electron, although unnoticed bj
Prof. Thomson, is th< .itly
Bed. Whether the Genevan profeai
further conclusion that the t Ton
i- the smaller i- a- well founded remain I
i en : but it i- evident that jf this is the
much of the speculation as to the
revolution of the corpuscles falls to the
ground. On the other hand, tl • a of
Prof. Thomson's latest announcen
the floating-magnet analogy of which 1 ■
BO loud is not immediately apparent.
simple a constitution for the hyd isom
does not seem to lend itself to any fanciful
ipingS, and there is an awkward gap
hctv. een hydrogen, with an atomic weight
of 1, and lithium, with an atomic w
more than 7, only bridged by helium
Yet much of this difficulty would be .
if hydrogen were considered as .M. de
Forcrand would have it- as bival
Dr. O. Hahn in the BerichU annom.
new product of actinium, far more radio-
active than its parent, which he pre
call, by analogy with the radio-thorium
announced by Sir William Ramsay, radio-
actinium. He tells us that it occupies a
place intermediate between actinium proper
and actinium X, the last giviiiLT birth to
an emanation like that of radium. Perhaps
a like discovery will be made some day
with regard to uranium, which at present
seems to undergo far fewer changes than
the other radio-active elements thorium,
radium, and actinium.
The supposed correspondence of magnetic
storms with sun-spot periods has been again
carefully investigated by Mr. Walter Maunder,
who gives a curve taken from observations
extending over twenty-two years. He thinks
this entitles him to pronounce dogmatically
that the origin of magnetic storms is in the
sun, and not elsewhere : but it is doubt-
ful whether all physicists will be equally
ready to accept this dictum. Besides 1':
Schuster's contention that the storms in
question are really derived from the rotation
of the earth, and only indirectly from the
sun, there is no plausible suggestion yet as
to how the energy developed during the
sun-spot period can affect the earth's
magnetism. Dr. Olivier, in commenting upon
Mr. Maunder's remarks, prudently prefers
to them the more cautious statements of
M. A. L. Cortie, who asserts that magnetic
storms and sun-spots do not depend directly
upon each other, but form two groups of
phenomena resulting from a common cause
not yet discovered.
Not unconnected with this, perhaps, are
the phenomena lately noted by M. Bernhard
Brushes and his assistant M. Baldit at the
Puy de Dome Observatory. It has 1.
been known that the leak of negative elec-
tricity from, for instance, a charged electro-
scope increases rapidly with the elevation
above sea -level. This they found to be con-
firmed by very careful observations taken by
them with instruments made on the model of
those of Barren Elsterand Oeitel.and carried
out at six different stations. It also
became evident that this increase of leak
was due to the direct rays oi the sun.
inasmuch as it fell off rapidly directly the
sun was obscured by cloud or fog. But they
were astonished to lind that this was observ-
able with a negative charge only, and was not
the ease hi aneleotrosoope charged positively,
the leak in which became rapidly less as
N°4103, June 16, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
737
greater heights were reached. More aston-
ishing still, M. Baldit found, on one occasion
at least, that an uncharged electroscope,
when exposed to the direct rays of the sun,
acquired a positive charge at the rate of
something like 144 volts within an hour.
Is there, then, an actual emission of positive
ions or electrons from the sun which has a
difficulty in reaching the lower and more
polluted regions of our atmosphere ? Further
observations on the subject are greatly
wanted,- and might clear up many now
disputed points. M. Brunhes's paper on the
subject will be found in the Revue Scientifique
ofjMarch 17th and 24th.
Messrs. Burton and Phillips have a paper
in"~the Cambridge Philosophical Society's
Proceedings which goes far to explain the
■curious behaviour of a colloidal solution of
iron in a magnetic field. In the result,
they suggest either that the magnetic pro-
perties of iron in such conditions differ from
those of the same metal in any other state,
or that each particle of colloidal iron con-
sists of a core of pure iron surrounded
by [a layer of hydroxide. In view of the
extremely small size of the particles, the
first hypothesis is, perhaps, the more likely.
But in any event MM. Cotton and Mouton's
experiment exhibited at the Societe Francaise
de Physique (see Athenceum, No. 4097) has
now a chance of interpretation.
Some very interesting experiments on the
supposed inertness of argon and helium,
by Dr. Ternent Cooke, were detailed in a
late number of the Royal Society's Proceed-
ings. Although these rare gases have
hitherto resisted any attempt to force them
to combine with other elements at ordinary
temperatures, Dr. Cooke found that the case
was different when they were raised to a
temperature of from 1200° to 1300° C. He
shows that in these circumstances argon
■will form an unstable compound with zinc,
and that helium displays a similar affinity
with cadmium. Sir William Ramsay, in a
note to the paper, apparently approves the
result, and points out the likeness between
this and the phenomenon of "splashing"
observable when platinum, magnesium, or
aluminium electrodes are used for argon
tubes. If Dr. Cooke's conclusions be main-
tained, the supposed anomaly of elements
with no chemical affinity will disappear,
and the arguments drawn from the imagined
non-valency of argon and helium will fall
to the ground.
In The Electrician Mr. G. A. Vosmaer
details some experiments made by him with
a powerful ozonizer, which go to show that
ozone does not, as some German physicists
have contended, ionize the gases of the atmo-
sphere. His conclusions are that ozonized
air is a worse conductor than air in its
ordinary state, and that it will disci large
neither a positively nor a negatively charged
electroscope.
Some curious statements on the repro-
duction of eels are made by M. Ch. Perez
in the Revue Scientifique. He says it is
known that eels do not breed in fresh waters,
but he quotes from Prof. Grassi, of Rome,
the discovery that the case is different.
in the deep sea, where both eels and
mongers give birth to larvae which he
•calls Leptocephali, and which are lance-
shaped, flat, and entirely transparent.
These Leptocephali are, he. says, never
found in the North Sea or the Baltic,
but are abundant in the Atlantic; and off
the south-west of Ireland. This, which
looks as if the < el required warm water to
reaeli full growth, leads, on the same
authority, to a periodical exodus for COX1
jugal purposes on the part of all the eels
trom the rivers of Sweden, Russia, and North
Germany, an exodus which passes our coasts.
The Danish Government has lately tried
to arrest it by sinking electric lights in
the Sound, the horror of eels for light being
well known. Whether the project is suc-
cessful or not is doubtful, but even if it
be, any check upon the multiplication of a
food staple seems unwise. F. L.
SOCIETIES.
Astronomical. — June 8. — Mr. Maw, President,
in the chair. — Mr. Cowell, in reply to the criticisms
by Mr. Nevill and Prof. Newcomb on his paper on
the secular acceleration, examined the circum-
stances of the ancient solar eclipses which on the
whole appeared to support his theory, which was
also in accordance with the lunar eclipses recorded
by Ptolemy. — The Astronomer Royal read a paper
on the errors in the tabular places of Jupiter as
derived from measures of photographs and from
transit-circle observations. — Mr. Newall read a
paper on polarization phenomena in the solar
corona, giving the results of some of his observa-
tions during recent eclipses. — The Astronomer
Royal showed a series of photographs of the
eclipse of August 30th, 1905, taken at Sfax,
Tunisia. — Prof. Turner gave some results of
polariscopic observations during recent eclipses,
dealing with the constitution of the corona and
the polarization of its light. — Father Cortie con-
sidered that in connexion with the probable course
of the corona the effect of explosions on the solar
surface should be taken into account, and not only
the phenomena of light pressure. — Mr. W. B.
Blaikie exhibited and explained an instrument
consisting of two superposed stereographic pro-
jections of the sphere, for the solution of various
problems in spherical trigonometry.
Linnean. — June 7. — Prof. W. A. Herdman,
President, in the chair. — The Rev. J. Lamont was
admitted a Fellow. — Dr. R. Brown, Mr. H. R.
Knipe, Mr. H. J. Waddington, and Miss E. J.
Welsford were elected Fellows. — The President
announced that he had nominated the following
as Vice-Presidents for the ensuing year : Canon
Fowler, Mr. Horace W. Monckton, Lieut. -Col.
Prain, and Dr. A. Smith Woodward. — The General
Secretary exhibited a small oil painting on panel
of Linnseus, after Pasch (sight measure 9] by 7* in. ),
the property of Mr. Blackwell, which he had
acquired as a portrait of Jean Jacques Rousseau
(theLinnsea having been taken for pimpernel). He
had detected the error by the close correspondence
of a print engraved by C. E. Wagstaff, and pub-
lished by Charles Knight for tlic Society for the
Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. — Mr. Carruthers,
Mr. Hopkinson, Dr. 0. H. Fowler, the Rev.
T. R. R. Stehhing, Canon Smith, and Mr. H.
Groves took part in the discussion which followed.
— The President exhibited tubes showing stages in
the metamorphosis of a young flat-fish (Pleuronectes
platessa), the plaice, leading from the symmetrical
larva to the asymmetrical young flat-fish. These
fish were hatched and reared in the Port Erin
Biological Station.- The first paper was lw Mr.
H. H. Haines, ' On Two New Species of Populus
from Darjeeling,' which, in the absence of the
author, was read by Mr. C. B. Clarke, and illus-
trated by a series of photographs. — Prof. A.
Dendy and Mr. Carruthers discussed some of the
points raised. -Dr. G. H. Fowler presented two
further reports dealing with Biscayan Plankton
collected during a cruise of EI. M.S. Research in
1900. The first, by Mr. W. E. Hoyle, treated of the
Cephalopoda, a group of Mollusoa generally repre-
sented in ordinary tine tow-nets by young speci-
mens only. The second paper, by Mr. E. T.
Browne, dealt with the Medusa'. — The last paper
read was by Dr. Maxwell T. Masters, 'On the
( !ouifers of ( Ihina.'
Zoological. May '29. Mr. K. Gillett, V.l'..
in the Chair.— Mr. R. H. Burne exhibited, on
behalf of Prof. Stewart, some dissections prepared
for the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons
irom material derived from the Society's gardens,
including the head ol a Ui « i (Apteryx manlelli),
the head of a crowned crane (Batearica regulorum),
preparations <>f the oheek-pouohes of a spotted
oavy [Cadogeny* papa), and the Btomaob oi a fetal
giraffe. — Mr. R. E. Holding exhibited, and made
remarks upon, the skull and horns of a male so-
called "wild" Irish goat; also the skull of a
domestic cat in which the posterior border of the
orbit was complete. — Dr. L. W. Sambon exhibited
a series of diagrams illustrating the transmission
of diseases by insects and ticks. — Prof. R. T. Jack-
son exhibited a photograph of the Champley col-
lection of eggs of the great auk, and a long focus-
lens for museum work and dissections. — The
Secretary exhibited the skull of a wild boar that
had lately been dug up during building operations
in James Street, Oxford Street, W. — Mr. Harold
Schwann read a paper, prepared by Mr. Oldfield
Thomas and himself, on mammals collected by Mr.
C.H. B. Grant in the Zoutpansberg district of the
Transvaal, and presented to the National Museum
by Mr. C. D. Rudd. The collection consisted of
about 2.50 specimen.*, belonging to 51 species and
subspecies, of which several were described as new.
In addition, the old genus Macroscelides was
broken up into three, the new name Elephantulus
being given to the group of which M. rupestris was
the type, and Nasilio to that typified by M. brachy-
rhynchus. — Mr. F. E. Beddard read a paper
entitled ' On the Vascular System of Heloderma,
with Notes on that of the Monitors and Crocodiles,'
and one containing a description of the external
characters of an unborn foetus of a giraffe. — Dr. A.
Smith Woodward communicated a paper by Dr.
R. Broom on the South African Diaptosaurian
reptile Howesia.
Philological. — June 1. — Rev. Prof. Skeat,
President, in the chair. — Mr. R. W. Chambers and
Mr. J. H. G. Grattan were elected Members. —
Prof. A. S. Napier laid on the table his printed
' Contributions to Old English Lexicography,' a list
of between seven and eight hundred words and
compounds not included in prior Anglo - Saxon
lexicons, or given in them without quotations. This
list included the words dealt with by Prof. Napier
in his papers of 1904 and 190"), and he promised to
see whether he could add to his list the words
found by other editors in their published glossaries,
&c, so that the whole might form a complete sup-
plement to the Bosworth-Toller Dictionary. The
words he treated in his present paper were agena,
awns; anetnys, solitude; dtirnplian, to provide
with spikes (a verb which throws light on the sb.
timple in a list of weaving instruments in the
'Gerefa'); bisen, blind (derivation not known);
byecan, adj., of a goat, goat's ( L. buccinus, from
buccus, a he-goat) ; byrnete, a barnacle ; (-tilling,
antenna; morjleoge, a moorfly ; egeswinta sea-swine,
a porpoise ; suhha for ruhlia, the ray fish ; hwitling,
a whiting ; cyllfylling, the filling of a vessel ; doc,
a bastard (Jwrnungsunu), which had been mis-
takingly translated "the south wind "; fcegennes,
joy, fainness ; fotstpgerif, stoppage of a footpath;
gecividrcednes, agreement, covenant (a word from
an inscription in the Saxon church at Breamore,
Hants, first printed in Tin Athenceum of August
14th, is<)7. p. 233) ; gladung, joy, gladness (wrongly
translated of old as "word of command"); hell-
heorf, fainthearted, afraid, terrified (translated by
Somner "astonied, as one whose heart (we say) is
in his heeles for fear") ; lendenreaf, a loin-garment,
apron; nOwend, shipmaster, skipper, mariner (St.
Michael is st ceSela nowend); oft]>weal, frequent
washing : aol-merca, sundial : StOC, house, dwell-
ing-place : wannian, to become dark - coloured,
turn black ; and wumiorhus, upper room, solarium.
Prof. Napier will have three hundred extra copies
of his 'Contributions' printed for circulation
among scholars and his students.
Royal Institution. Junt 11. sir James
Stirling, V.1'., in the chair. Mrs. Blgar, Miss
Hilda H anbury, Mr. K. L. Mansergh, Mrs. Morse,
and Mr. ( '. 1». Page were elected Members.
Socikts or Engineers. Jum 11. — Mr. Maurioe
Wilson. President, in the chair. A paper was read
on 'Submarine Groyning,' by Mr. Gerald Otley
( 'ase.
MKKTIX'.s M'\T WI1K
M..v Geographical, * .80.— 'A fifth Journej i» Tumi. Ilajot 1'
Molcuwortli.
Tov Colonial Inrtltutc. 4.30 ' The Oilfield! of Trinidad,' If I I ■
< 'uiuiinuh:ini » frahj
— Ariatii '
— Statistical, « 'ThcGencralUcd taw of Error, or Law of Greal
Humbert, Prof V V Rdgeworto
38
THE ATM BNJEUM
N H'i.5, .Jim. 16. 1006
1 1 . lion
■/.',, Hull
II vi. un
ii Ki.Im..
iI.im,. I,
Ml'
Ii.. I, ,M . Hll II.. 1 I
Ni •
•
hi t i hilion I ' >"
M • I Ii i
fo, )|r| I i. nil Till lNJVelo|imi III "I th«
Ml .hi
, : III. Ill \ II I. I'll I- I.I II
i Mir .i Hi.«ii. . \..t. .
III II M . ■. Ml \\ II I
_ Biituh \r.h« t iii. Komu lc .i
.i. di i a I'll' nth Ki ni Mi IUi hard M.uni
_ i ..Ik l- M - ' ii-Ii.iii in.l Ii- In i in ill.- I. iI.mi.Ii
l. w I ,1 idaj
_ M It-al. H 'I'll tin- Slim Un .!. |..ii-
il, . I'i. -i. I.nt
Tin i - I
— l.iiiii.-.n - un tin ■H.it. un ..I Bout hern Kin .1. -ii Mi- I. H
i.ii.l.. 'On thi \iiili.nli. I'.. ili. hi- ..I I. ii. in in- )l, H
,ill,. I- , |'l Ml . \ ... . I> III. Ill I II, I .I'i
OttoHtanf; 'On llie Genitalia of lH|itcra. Mi \V Weacht
_ ii,. ,i,i. -,l - o line M. in. .ii, I Locturt! hi I'i.i T E
Thorpe; 'The CunatitiinnU ..I tlie Ban ntial ml from the
Kniit ■■< }'ittom<orHm hhiIuMkiii, Mi-mi I I. Powei and
t Tut in ; M..t,iliM ..| Siili-iiin, nis in Derivative* ..I u
Ni|l,il,..|. M..M- .1 T Hewitt and H. V. Mitchell. M
— - \i,ii.|.i.m, - -
Fbi. Phnfcal . The Effect ol Radium In facilitating the Viaihlc
Electrii Hi-, liuik-i In Vacuo, Ml A A r,iin|.U-ll Bwinton;
A i|nn-..ii between I In- Peltici Effect and other It.-
,i.l. Heal Effect*. Mr A 0 AUen; "The Effect oi the
Electrii ^i ni, on the Actlnitj ol kteUla, Mr T A.
V.. ii. In. ni ; " In. I., in. Strength of Thin I.i.|iii.l Film-. I'i
1' V. Shaw; "The Effect of Electrical Uscillatloi i Iron in
I Magnetic Field.' I>r \Y. II. K. ■ ii -
Science (Dossip.
Mkssiis. Botheby, Wilkinson & Hodge
will Bell on Wednesday next an interesting
and extensive collection of early scientific
and medical works, the property of the late
Sir William Mitchell Hanks, of Liverpool.
In one lot there is Tyson's 'Anatomy of a
Pygmy compared with that of a Monkey,
Ape, and Man,' 1751, and in another 'The
Anatomy of Consumptions,' 1672. Cul-
peper's works figure here, and so do those
of Galen, Hippocrates, Paracelsus, and
Harvey.
Mr. W. R. Cooper has accepted the posi-
tion of editor of The Electrician, in the place
of Mr. F. C. Raphael, who retires on the
30th inst.
Prof. Starr, of Chicago University, who
is now on his way to Central Africa for the
purpose of continuing his anthropological
studies among the negro races in the Congo
region, has written an interesting account of
the Colonial Museum at Tervueren, near
Brussels. This institution has been in-
stalled in a special building, erected on the
site of the royal chateau, which was destroyed
by fire some years ago, in the fine park that
was once a favourite hunting preserve of the
Dukes of Brabant and Burgundy. Prof.
Starr describes the ethnological collections
of the museum as being exceptionally com-
plete and well arranged. They make it, he
says, one of the finest museums of the sort
in existence. He also speaks highly of the
periodical publication called Les Annalcs du
Musee de Tervueren, which records the growth
and development of the institution.
The Report of the Government Astro-
nomer (Mr. E. N. Nevfll) of the Natal
Observatory for the year 1905, recently
received, is chiefly concerned, as usual, with
the meteorology of the colony. The most
remarkable circumstance was the extraordi-
nary storm which occurred on the night of
May 31st and continued throughout the
following day. Nearly 11 inches of rain
fell in the space of little more than twenty-
four hours, and what made it still more
exceptional was the continuous great velocity
of the wind ; the combination of these two
causes occasioned severe damage to the
trees and vegetation generally. At Umzinto
and some otherplaceson the coast the rainfall
was even greater than at Durban. The fall
for the whole year at the latter place was
441)5 inches, a little above the average.
The magnetic variation on January 1st,
1906, was 23° 0' west, with an annual
decrease of 12'.
Tin-: moon will bo new about an hour
before midnight on the 21st inst. ; and the
,ii. , un- of moonlight next week uill again
.1 a favourable opportunity of looking
for Holmes's periodical comet, which, accord
ing to Dr. Zwiera'a ephemeria, is now passing
through tin constellation Aries. But,
Mr. Lynn pointed out in ■ paper read before
the British Astronomical Association, it
more likely thai the comet, although it
was in perihelion <>n March 14th, will not be
visible until October or November, when it
will be approaching opposition to the sun.
[twill be nearest to the earth on Novem-
ber 13th, when its distance from as will l»-
L88 in terms of the earth's mean distance
from the sun, or aliout 175,000,000 mil'-.
In the year in which it was discovered
(1892) it must have undergone a temporary
increase of apparent brightness, and, if this
is repeated, it may become visible earlier.
But at the return in 1899-1900 it could not
be seen except with the powerful telescopes
at the Lick and Yerkes observatories. At
present it rises only about two hours before
sunrise, and the early morning twilight will
probably prevent its being seen until
August. The comet's perihelion distance
from the sun is 2"12 ; its aphelion distance
5*10, very nearly the same as the mean
distance of Jupiter.
A small planet was photographically
discovered by Prof. Max Wolf at the Konig-
stuhl Observatory, Heidelberg, on the 13th
ult. With other recent discoveries, it was
visually observed by Ur. J. Palisa at Vienna
on the 19th.
FINE ARTS
Early Engraving and Engravers in England:
a Critical and Historical Essay. By
Sidney Colvin. (British Museum.)
A glance at any general history of engrav-
ing, whether obsolete or current, will show
what need there was of such a task as
Mr. Colvin has performed in the essay
lately published by order of the Trustees
of the British Museum. The only early
English line-engraver whom most con-
tinental writers deign to mention is Fai-
thorne, and he is lucky if more than a few
lines of vague appreciation fall to his share.
Duplessis, juster or more careful than the
Germans, has a little to say of Rogers,
Delaram and Elstracke, Payne, Glover,
Marshall, Vaughan, and White ; but it
is useless to seek in any book published
beyond the Channel for exact information
about British engravers born before the
age of mezzotint. Nor have our own
writers, since Walpole's day, done much
to redeem the early efforts of their country-
men from obscurity. This is the first
serious attempt to write a connected
history of the first century and a half of
English line-engraving, from 1545, when
a copperplate title-page first appeared in
an English book, to 1695, when mezzotint
had got the upper hand so completely
that the elder art was all but expiring.
Such neglect of the earliest period of
English engraving is not, however, sur-
prising, for several reasons. The period
is not early enough to attract those whose
sympathies are with the primitives. There
is nothing here corresponding to the splen-
did work wrought by painter or goldsmith
engraver in Germany and the Netherlands
— no counterpart to the antique grandeur
and severity <»f Mantegna. oi the mi
popular and charming inventions <>f the
Ihmttrori nt'i Florentine.-. A century 'f
( lot bic ami eai K fa -. oievements
behind the lii-t rode beginnings <>f
engraving in Finland. It- tardy intro-
duction t<>"k place in an age oi it tdenos
in ornament and an age of revolt
the tradition- of religious art -o that it
called upon to attempt no bighei
t ;i ~ k than the production of portraits,
maps, and title-pages f"i the booksellers.
Neither then not later has any con-
siderable amount of original engravil
imaginative <>t religious in charactei and
also of high artistic quality, been prodi.
in England. \ot one of the poet- and
mystics oi English art, with the exception
of Blake, has chosen the burin I
utterance to the secret thoughts <>f his.
heart. We have never had a hurer, or
any one remotely resembling a Diirer ;
our early engravers and their pato
were satisfied with much lower ideals than
his.
Another cause which may have tended!
to discourage research is the fact that half
our early " English " engravers, and indeed
the most notable half, were foreigners.
Mr. Colvin's title is prudently worded,
and he says much perforce of the Flem,:
and Germans who formed the majority of
the " engravers in England " under Eliza-
beth and James, though native disciples
of these masters came well to the front
under the later Stuart kings, till a Dutch
invasion, at a later period than this essay-
takes into account, turned the scale once
more. The one really considerable native
engraver of the sixteenth century was
William Rogers, some of whose portraits-
of Queen Elizabeth, reproduced among
the plates or in the text of the present
work, show a mastery of technique which
contrasts with the " characteristic English
clumsiness and quaintness " of Cocksor*
and the minor craftsmen of his day.
The interest of the study, after all. as
Mr. Colvin admits, is mainly archaeological
and bibliographical rather than artistic,
and it is not every one who could write
with gusto of the feats of Rythei
and the rest of our Elizabethan chart-
gravers, with '; ships and sea-monster*
animating the fringes of the maritime
counties,"' and sirens lifting high the
Neapolitan scutcheon over the Tvrrhene
Sea.
For one reason or another, the un-
familiaritv. to most students, of the region
which Mr. Colvin has now resolutely
explored was out of all proportion to its
remoteness. We may congratulate our-
selves that it has been explored, after all.
by an Englishman, and that the supposed
desert has yielded enough artistic fruit to-
give a relish to the dry crusts of archaeo-
logy. The diet prepared by such a
skilful hand proves eminently palatable.
Cheered by Mr. Colvin's constant felicity
of phrase, the reader follows him with un-
diminished interest over the lengthy track
from Geminus to Loggan. The relation
of this insular art to what is going on iit
the larger world overseas is explained
now and again by a well-timed digression,.
N°4103, June 16, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
739
and what might have been in more
pedantic hands a bibliographer's dry
enumeration of title-pages by Hole and
Marshall becomes a liberal commentary,
from a fresh point of view, on a glorious
age of English literature. The actual
labour of research in compiling the
materials for this history from the docu-
ments themselves was largely performed by
Mr. Colvin's junior assistant, Mr. A. M.
Hind, who is solely responsible, as we
learn from the preface, for the lists of
engravers' works which follow Mr. Colvin's
essay. Since the publication of the folio
these lists have been reprinted, for private
distribution only, in a handier form. This
solid piece of research should prove a
valuable foundation for the early volumes
of a ' Peintre-Graveur Anglais,' if such a
work ever comes to be written, but inquiry
in foreign collections would be needed to
auake the lists complete.
A few regrettable slips of the pen mar
our complete satisfaction with that part
of the task which Mr. Colvin has per-
formed unaided. We are surprised to
iind in this authoritative and scholarly
book such errors as " 1688 " for 1588
(p. 42), " 1569, the second year of Eliza-
beth's reign " (description of Plate I.),
•"John [for William] Marshall" (pp. 121,
122), and " Robert Carr, Earl of Essex "
{for Somerset, p. 78). After " Lord
Lisle " (p. 100) the words " and Pens-
hurst " should be deleted. Raphael's
' St. George ' was presented by the Duke
of Urbino, not to Henry VIII. (p. 116),
but to Henry VII., in 1506. We are not
told whether the plan of the book was to
give some account of every single engraver
■working in England during the period
which it covers. Even if no such exhaus-
tive survey was attempted, the omission
of so remarkable an engraver of the Stuart
period as Thomas Fullwood must be set
down to an oversight. He is known, it
is true, by a single engraving, but that
engraving is easily accessible in the British
Museum. It is a plate of excellent work-
manship, and perhaps the most striking
macabre subject of English origin, repre-
senting a skeleton with the curious legend
" Omnia Sic Ibant Sic Ivimus Ibitis
Ibunt." The plate is undated, but bears
the address " Are to be sould by Roger
Daniell at the Angell in Lumbarde Streete."
The value of this handsome folio is
much enhanced by the fine series of fac-
similes of rare prints which account for
and excuse its somewhat unwieldy size.
It contains forty-one photogravures of
great excellence, produced, witli one excep-
tion, by the Autotype Company, after
■early English engravings (in the large sense
of the word " English " to which we are
reconciled by a perusal of the text) in t ho
British Museum, which possesses by far
the largest collection of this class of prints.
Supplemented as they are by numerous
half-tone illustrations in the text, these
plates give a very fair representation of
the field covered by Mr. Colvin's researches.
The series opens well with the extremely
graceful and accomplished title-page to the
' Compendiosa totius Anatomic Delineatio'
of Thomas Geminus the Fleming, followed
by Hogenberg's rare portrait of Elizabeth,
and a remarkable portrait of Henri IV.,
hitherto undescribed, which was engraved
in London by Theodore de Bry. Rogers,
Cockson, Elstracke, and Delaram are
liberally represented ; the portrait of
Queen Mary I., by the last-named engraver,
is a fine plate, and more worthy of publica-
tion in so sumptuous a form than some of
the large title-pages which follow, or the
tiresome allegory on Charles I.'s betrothal.
Simon van de Passe's portrait of Henry,
Prince of Wales, and the same artist's
' Paul van Somer ' are among the most
successful of the illustrations. Faithorne,
being less in need of resuscitation than his
fellows, is not discussed at any length, but
the representation of his work in the plates
is proportionate to its merit. Loggan's
beautiful portrait of Sir Thomas Isham
is in the most approved Louis XIV.
manner and ostentatiously un-English,
but we are far from regretting its inclusion
on that account.
ETCHINGS BY MR. JOHN AT CHELSEA.
It is rare to meet an artist or amateur
of the arts who can consider the work of
Mr. Augustus John in a calm and critical
spirit. As an artist he has a gift which he
shares with more than one of the geniuses
that have most lately favoured the earth
with their presence (Whistler, for example,
or Ibsen, or Rodin) — the gift of inspiring
violent partisanship or as violent anta-
gonism ; and, indeed, any attempt at publicly
expressing a sober opinion between these
extremes results, in the experience of the
present writer, in a harvest of private
reproaches from admirers of the artist, and,
on the other hand, a bitter public complaint,
in the next number of the review that was
the medium of the criticism, concerning its
failure to denounce Mr. John's innate
coarseness and original sin. We owe some-
thing to the artist who can thus stir into
waves of faction the dull surface of artistic
opinion ; but the man who provokes the
storm usually suffers by our gain. Half-
artist, half-revolutionary, lie is induced to
attach undue importance to those elements
of his art which make him an innovator,
exaggerating them at the expense of beauty
and balance, till in his old age he becomes
his own undertaker, demonstrating that the
art which promised the revelation of a new
heaven and a new earth was after all but
another trick to be added to the museum
of curiosities.
Technically Mr. John is no innovator,
and indeed one of the minor reproaches
levelled at him by his detractors is that
lie apea his betters. We suspect, however,
that what has really displeased is not that
he has imitated, hut that he has imitated
out of the usual groove— has taken the
liberty of .selecting for admiration different
traits in this or that old master from those
usually selected for modern adaptation.
Hire, in fact, is no respecter of authority,
hut. a vagabond, a wanton, and as such
naturally shocking to sodater minds. A
fortnight ago, in writing of the Jordaens
at the Guildhall, we took occasion to pro-
claim as one of the prime functions of the
artist the breaking down of narrow modern
conventions : Ins work, a stimulus to adven-
ture, an encouragement to shy originality,
wafl to lure us into the wider world from
which we are hedged off by timid habit.
Well, here is Mr. .John with no small share
of this lust for freedom, and as we look on
his portrait (in the best of the few paintings
that are shown along with his prints at
the Chenil Gallery) we feel that he should
be a useful missionary as he leans, in the
character of the Romany Chi, at the door
of his caravan, surrounded by the lady
members of the family, who are playing
gipsy with a thoroughness and conviction
amazing in the feminine sex. There he is,
gazing in front of him as if at the landscape,
but evidently with spirit unfettered by time
and space, roaming at will in " lubberlands
delectable."
To be free, however, is not necessarily
to be a liberator ; and indeed, casting our
eyes back, we might maintain the paradox
that the successful revolutionary has always
himself been something of a conservative.
If we are to be induced to throw off restraints,
it must be by some one who does not shock
us by the want of them ; and the woman cf
the world is in vain adjured to cast away her
corsets if the advocate of " rational dress "
be herself sloppy and invertebrate in appear-
ance. In this collection of Mr. John's
prints are a great many strong and sincere
drawings that place him at once in the front
rank of modern etchers, yet there are others
that rouse misgivings lest, not so much from
want of gifts as from want of good fortune
or care in directing thorn, Mr. John may fail
to achieve the brilliant destiny that might
be his.
The traditional pedagogic idea in training
the child consists in arming him against his
inclinations, developing in him the power
of sticking to an appointed task, heedless
of flowery bypaths. On this foundation
have rested the greatest achievements of
the human race in the past, and we should
not cast it lightly aside ; yet while, as a
training, it makes for efficiency, we cannot
by now but perceive that after many genera-
tions it makes also for narrowness and
dullness, and a considerable body of latter-
day art teaching has the merit of having
recognized this, and adopted, unconsciously,
perhaps, as motto medicinal for the time
that exclamation of the prophet Blake
when in an inspired moment he wrote,
" Damn braces, bless relaxes." To the
student of this school, inclination is more
than purpose, the voice of instinct is
the voice of God ; and Mr. John's portrait
studies show how, on the basis of a previous
training in exact draughtsmanship such
sensitive readiness on the part of an artist
to give himself up to the impulse of the
moment may subtilize his work. Compare
such a piece of strong realistic draughtsman-
ship as the Percy Wyndham Lewis, which
we judge to be an early work, with the
later ones, which are gradually more tluent,
more loosely articulated, more like a live
growing thing, till in such a drawing as
Maggie, a Village Child, we see the half-con-
sciousness of the stodgy, stunted child
rendered with a spirituality quite eerie in
quality. The earlier work has a narrow
determination somewhat akin to Mr. Orpen's;
in the later Mr. .John simply gives himself
up to the dominant influence of the face
before him, merging his own individuality
in that of the Bitter. It is the kind of art
that produces most beautiful and sensitive
portraiture, and this, one might almost say,
abounds in the Chenil Gallery. It is not
the manner of approaching art that loads
to the most masculine and creative work,
such as we hope for from Mr. John, and
such as not a few of these drawings speak of
his power to do witness the Ti-tc Farouche,
for otic example, with its suggestion of more
power and executive determination than
finds full expression in the mere portrait
head.
7-10
T II E ATI! ENJ3UM
X U03. J\ m. 16. 1906
The imaginative compositions thai offer
such an outlet for a man "i great originating
[tower awe not so satisfactory asthedrawi
r.»in in. There are, of course, ■ few
random iketehea such at all etchers do in
the oouree "i learning their business (Rem
brand! included), simply for praotioe ; bu<
Mi. John >rcnis tn have approached others
also with mi idle hand, t lit" needle poised
over tin- plate at the ineicy of any pasaing
impulse, like a listless lent in the wind.
Tins temper, so favourable to subtle por-
traiture in the presence Of a model, if there
is a habit of draughtsmanship behind it, is
liable to lead the improvisator!' into repe-
titions of other people's ideas, which hang
around in the air with a certain pressing
readiness, if only from the tact of their
having been already cast into artistic form.
Escaping these, he falls sometimes, as in
the Ctrl uith Tambourine, into the merely
disgusting, a coarse impulse having always
a sort of preponderating strangeness to a
mind new to liberty. One or two little
plates like the Shepherdess show a rather
flimsy vein of pastoral sweetness; and the
elegance of dainty draughtsmanship makes
The Valley of Time an exquisite academic
exercise. To unite this constructive com-
position with the sting and vitality that are
undoubtedly in Mr. John's range calls
for some sustained effort. It would be sad
if, having thrown off the supports of con-
ventionality, he should proceed to refuse
himself the backbone of deliberate purpose
for which the former are admittedly no
substitute, on the plea that merely to have
a fixed purpose infringes one's liberty.
Clearly, here is an artist who has tempera-
ment : we would fain hope that he also has
character. Both are necessary to produce
a painter who shall wield again the weapons
of his sires.
THE NATIONAL GALLERY.
It would be interesting to know what
method, if any, is pursued in connexion with
the notice-board that has, in recent years,
been affixed to the railing on the staircase
of the North Vestibule of the National
Gallery. The board in question owes its
origin, I believe, to a letter addressed to a
leading newspaper, and is supposed to supple-
ment the information of the Catalogue. The
information that it purports to impart is,
at present, by no means up to date, as the
latest picture referred to is "No. 1952,
Fantin-Latour : Mr. and Mrs. Edwards."
The • Madonna and Child ' by Lazzaro
Sebastiani (No. 1053), now hanging in
Room Ylll., has been in the National Gal-
lery since last July or August. The ' Rokeby
Velazquez ' (No. 2055) was placed in
Room XIV. about March 14th. There is,
however, no trace of them on the notice-
board. Perhaps, as they were both pre-
sented, instead of being bought by the
Trustees and the Treasury, they are not
entitled to overmuch official recognition.
For a fortnight at least a newly presented
picture (No. 2058) has been on view in
I toon i X \ 1 1 . It is described on the label
as " X. Diaz de la Lena : Sunny Days in the
Forest," and " presented by the executors
of the late Charles ilartree." It is almost
incredible, but the authorities have not yet
had the grace to inform the press of the
bequest in quest Lon.
Why should the National Gallery always
seem to the foreigner, and to the Englishman,
so frightfully behind the times in small
matters like this ? Fortunately the Directors
of the British Museum and the Victoria and
Albert Museum are notoriously scrupulous
in keeping the public informed as to recent,
acquisitions.
The /' /. i /■ ii r of t he Louvre Museum
an excellent example by placing " Nouvelle
Acquisition," in Btaring hhw-k letters on a
gold ground, over inch newly received
paint ing.
The <ui rent edition of the National Gallery
Catalogue of Pictures of the Foreign Bcho
is Badly out of date, and certain pictures
mentioned m it are not i" be <■< o at Trafalgar
Square. Surely, when a painting is with-
drawn, or lent to a provincial gallery,
absence might he coiiniiunicat > < I to the
public in some other way than by the n
notification in the Annual Report.
M. \V. Ii.
SALES.
Messes. Christie sold on the 0th inst. the
following drawings: E. Duncan, View of Spit-
head from the Me of Wight, 5W. Birket Foster,
Children gathering Berries, 73/. : Children catching
fish, 78/. Pictures: J. S. Sargent, Head of a (oil
with bed Shawl, 15?/. Briton Riviere, To the
Hills. 411!)/.
The sale on the 12th inst. was notable for the
large sum paid for two engravings after Reynolds,
Lady Elizabeth Lee, by E. Fisher, and the Duchess
of Rutland, by Y. (been, which fetched "14/.
Others after Reynolds were: Mrs. Hardinge, by
T. Watson, 105/. ; Mrs. Williams Hope, of
Amsterdam, by C. Hodges, ."!]/. ; Mrs. Hartley
and Child, by W. Nutter, 39/. The following
were also sold. After H. Thomson : Crossing the
Brook, by W. Say, 43/. After E. Dayes :
Promenade in St. James's Park, by Gaugain, 54/.
After Bigg : The Romps, and The Truants, by
W. Ward (a pair), 03/. After H. Singleton:
Going to Market, and Coming from Market, by
W. Nutter (a pair), 52/. ; Mrs. Loraine Smith, by
W. Bond, 42/. After Boudouin : Le Couche de la
Mariee, by Moreau le jeune, 20/. After Gains-
borough : Henry Beaufov, by W. Ward, 54/.
After Hoppner : The Duchess of Bedford, by
S. W. Reynolds 99/. ; The Salad-Girl, by W.
Ward. 42/. After Huet Villiers : Mrs. Q., by W.
Blake, 25/. After Romney : Caroline, Duchess of
Marlborough, 39/.
A number of sales of pictures by modern artists
have been held in Paris during the last week or so.
Perhaps the most notable of these consisted of the
"atelier Carriere," or, as we should call it in
England, "the remaining works" of Eugene
Carriere, of whom an obituary notice appeared in
The AtJienceum of March 31st. Carriere's art has
been described as that of a man who sees things
through the atmosphere produced by a smoky
chimney ; his medium was one which could
attain only success in the hands of a great artist.
A total of 170,404 francs was reached. A few of
the more interesting "lots" were: A study for
the menu of the "banquet de l'Entente cordiale"
given to the English Members of Parliament in
Paris in 1903, 2,000fr. Portraits: Henri Roche-
fort, l,250fr. ; Rodin, l,850fr. ; a young girl (No.
49), 2,100fr. ; Madame Eugene Barriere, whole
length, 4,100fr. ; M. Metohnikoff, l,900fr. ; Mile.
Breval, 2,100fr. ; Edmond de Gonoourt, 3,900fr.
In addition to the portraits there were : Le Som-
mcil de 1' Enfant, 3,20()fr. ; Les Bagucs. 2.55<tfr. ;
Repose, 2,2()0fr. ; two panels, Jeunes Eilles pen-
sives, 2,9(l()fr. and 2,4()()fr. ; La Pri.'re, 5,900fr. ;
Recherche sur le Theatre de Belleville, three
figures, 2,9()0fr. ; Le Baiser maternal, 2,500fr. ;
LEtreinte materaelle, 2,500fr. ; La Peinture,
9,500fr. : La Grande Sceur, 10,500fr. ; Melancholic,
3,900fr.
At the dispersal of the Coquetin collection a total
of 402,5on francs was realized by the pictures,
of which the more important were several examples
by Ca/.in, e.g., be Chateau Rouge, 48,000fr. ; La
Fuite en Egypte, 25,000fr. ; Route de bonis XV.,
28,600fr. ; Zaandam, L4,100fr. ; L'Ahrenvoir,
34,100fr. ; Mont Saint Frieux, 28,000fr. ; Vieille
Tour, ll.SOOfr. Three were by Dagnan-B uvcret :
A la Fontaine, 20,000fr. : brctonne, and La
Gardeuse de Vaohe, each L9,000fr. j Boudin, Le
Pont d'Anvers, 5,000fr. Alma Tadema, Bacchus
llr\e. lO.OOOfr.
The' Depeaux collection produced a total of
551,457 francs for 245 lots, and was remarkable
for including forty-six works by Alfred Sisley. as
\m!1 as pi< lures hy nth'! the modern
Krencli mm uuL Thi • in
'.oin -I foi .in • . ample >■< !'.■ noil . !><•
I'.al, wrhioh was wild foi 47,OOOfr. ; two < .i b<-i )- by
the aame artist were La Jeune Fine, l.-TOOfr.,
and Pleura, B.IOOfr. The long
pictures included the following, all ab UOOfr. :
s.uil'- et Peoplien an bord <lu Loing, Is
matin, l,500fr. ; Marat an oonchar dn aoleiL
6,900fr. ; Vue de M I OOOfr. \ L
a la bouille, conn de n
th \J..i' t, 6,1006*. ; L'biondatioii, 25,500fr. ;
I de Village deVoiain, 6, lOOfr. ; L'Abreuvo
Marly, gelee blanche, B.OOOfr. ; L du
Bao, inondation, 8,500fr. ; N< ArgenteuiU
I6,000fr. : La N< uvecicnnes, 10,0(1
Route de Louveoiennea, effrt 7,000fr. ;
in a I'eoluae de Bongival, 6,000fr. ; Soleil
oouohant en hiver, 7,600fr. ; Environs de M
6,000fr. ; La Place dn Villa-'- a Marly, 6,100
Toumant dn Loing, et
Marly, 4,2uoii. ; En N'oriiiand - •ntier du
Kurd de lean, a Sahuis. 6,100fr. Of work- by
other artists the following were th<- more im-
portant : C. Monet, Mer '1 5,500fr. : La
Cathedrale, 20,000fr. ; Rochers de Belle-Isle,
6,000fr. ; La Seine prea de Vernon, le matin,
I8,000fr. : La Beige a Lavacourt, 9,700fr. ; I
de Neige, rue a Argentcuil, L3,000fr. : Lea Dindons,
20,000fr. ; Falaisea, a Pourville, 6,500fr. Berthe
Morisot, La Toilette, I8,000fr. Gamiue Pissarro,
Boulevard Montmartre, matin brumeux, 5.5<X>fr.
H. de Toulouse-Lautrec, IntCrieur de Cabaret,
7,000fr.
$int-^kvt (gossip.
The appointment of Mr. I). S. MacColl as
Keeper of the Tate Gallery is very satis-
factory, and looks like the beginning of
substantial reform. Mr. MacColl, who v.
the leader in the protest against tin' working
of the Chantrey Bequest, will now have the
arrangement of the pictures selected under
that benefaction. We hope his work as
Keeper will not interfere with his art
criticism, for writers both vigorous and
independent are rare in art as elsewhere.
The rejection by the Koyal Academy of
its Committee's selection for purchase by
the Chantrey Bequest is sufficiently foolish.
The National Gallery at Melbourne seems
better advised, for it has acquired Mr. Will
Kothenstein's tine picture ' Aliens at Prayer,'
shown by Messrs. Agnew recently at their
exhibition of the " Independents." Among
the other works purchased for Australia are
Mr. Mark Fisher's painting from the New
Gallery : Mr. Buxton Knight's landscape
' The Hamlet : Winter Sunshine,' which is
No. 150 in Gallery HI. of the Academy this
year, and was also declined by that body
ait.r having been recommended by the
Selection Committee; and a picture by
Mrs. Swynnerton. The Melbourne Gallery
is to be congratulated on its purcha
Mr. Kothenstein's picture will worthily
represent to Australian students the modern
English school of painting.
The exhibition of the New English Art
Club is being held during this month and the
next at the galleries in Dering Yard, 67a,
New Bond Street, lately occupied by the
Guild of Handicraft. The Hanging Com-
mitt lOnsisted of Mr. Francis Hate. Mr.
Wilson Steer, Prof. F. Grown. Mr. W.
Kothenstein, and Mr. A. F. John : and the
preBS \ iew took place yesterday.
At the Carfax Gallery last Thursday there
w as a private view of pictures and illuminated
prints by William Blake.
Yesterday at the Bailhe Gallery an
exhibition was opened of pictures of China
and Japan by Mr. Montague Smyth, and
paintings by various artists.
Miss BiiANGHE Jenkins is showing pictures
and portraits of children at the Dure Gallery
till the 21st inst.
N° 4103, June 16, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
741
Mr. Dunthoene has on view at the
Rembrandt Gallery a collection of oil paint-
ings by Mr. George Hitchcock, ' Springtime
in Holland.'
Messrs. Sulley & Co. are showing at
their galleries, 159, New Bond Street,
paintings by Manet from the Faure Collec-
tion.
At the Ryder Gallery Miss Rhoda H.
Tinling has an exhibition of water-colour
and charcoal drawings, English, Swiss, and
Italian.
The proprietors of the Brook Street Art
Gallery have sold to the National Portrait
Gallery a full-length portrait of Sir Hector
Munro, K.B., the Indian general. The
painting has been hung opposite Zoffany's
portrait of the second Baron Mulgrave.
Signor Attilio Baccani, an Italian
artist who had resided in England for fifty
years, died in West Kensington last week,
at the age of eighty-four. Born in Rome
of a middle-class family, he was obliged to
leave during the troubles of 1848, when he
■was already one of the most promising
students of Cappaldi. In 1851 he reached
Marseilles and worked under Hebert, whose
poetic genius moulded the style of his pupil.
In later years some of Baccani's best work
-was considered not unworthy of his master.
This was notably the case with a portrait
' Madame R. M.,' exhibited in the Salon of
1877. He frequently exhibited in the Royal
Academy after he settled among us in 1856.
His portraits of Mario and Grisi in 1858
attracted a good deal of attention. Among
his other noteworthy portraits may be men-
tioned those of the Queen (when Princess of
Wales), the Duke of Edinburgh, the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury (Tait), and the Duke of
Richmond.
Mr. B. de Bertodano writes : —
" In the notice in The Aihe.nee.wm of the 9th inst.
of Mr. Algernon Graves's ' Royal Academy of Arts "
I observe you mention a portrait of a General
Pattison, while Mr. Graves gives the name as
General Paterson. I have a portrait of General
Pattison, referred to in Major Duncan's history
of the Royal Artillery as ' the gunner who
governed New York.' He died in 1805. It was
always understood in the family that the portrait
was painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence; however, it
has been questioned whether that is so. It would
be interesting to know if Lawrence did paint a
portrait of General James Pattison. I have another
portrait of him by Sir William Beechey.
" It occurred to me that it might interest Mr.
Graves to know this ; and it Mould certainly be
interesting to myself to know that my picture is
by Sir Thomas Lawrence."
Mr. William Gibb has been commissioned
by Mr. Pierpont Morgan to paint a series of
water-colours from his celebrated collection
of art treasures, now being exhibited at the
Victoria and Albert Museum. Mr. Gibb
has done drawings of relics of the Royal
House of Stuart and the treasures of Abbots-
ford.
The death occurred in Paris last week of
M. Ernest Jean Aubert, the intimate friend
of Gerome ; both were born on the same
day — May 31st, 1824. Aubert was the son
of an engraver, and won the Prix de Home
in 1844 as an engraver. In 1851 lie studied
painting in the studio of Paul Delaroche,
and also received instruction from (ileyre
and at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. Many of
his Salon pictures were popular successes ;
and nearly all his more important works
were purchased for American collections.
He was the recipient of medals in 1861,
1878, and 1889.
The death is also announced, at the early
age of forty-five, of M. iMartin-Callaud, the
animal painter.
The Societe des Amis du Luxembourg
have purchased for that gallery M. Jacques
Cancaret's ' Femme Endormie,' exhibited
in the present Salon. The day after the
purchase was completed the picture received
a further honour in being awarded a medal of
the second class.
The different bourses de voyage were
awarded at last Sunday's meeting of the
Council Superieur of Fine Arts in Paris. For
the Prix du Salon of 10,000 francs the voting
was very close, but M. Charles Hoffbauer,
whose ' Triomphe d'un Condottiere ' is one
of the features of the present Salon, just
defeated M. Alix Marquet, the sculptor of
the beautiful marble figure called ' Fin de
Labeur.' The various bourses de voyage for
painting were awarded to M. Dilly for ' La
Derniere Heure en Flandre ' ; M. Jacquier,
for ' Fabre de l'Herault ' ; and M. Cancaret,
whose ' Femme Endormie ' is mentioned
above. M. Cornu, whose statue in wood,
' Le Pauvre Honteux,' is in the Salon of the
Societ6 Nationale des Beaux-Arts, won the
first bourse de voyage for sculpture.
MUSIC
'THE PEASANT SONGS OF GREAT
RUSSIA.'
These songs in the Folk's Harmonization
have been collected and transcribed from
phonograms by Eugenie Lineff, and are
published by the Imperial Academy of
Science at St. Petersburg. It is highly
significant that at the present moment,
when the Western world is speculating as to
the destiny of Russia, the Academy should
calmly issue from St. Petersburg such a
collection. It is a tribute to the undying
vitality of the race — a vitality which lias
been proof against great oppression. But
it is more than such a tribute. It is at the
same time a proof of the high importance
which the intellectual portion of Russia
attaches to the question of national vitality
— such vitality, that is, as is measured not
by a people's birth-rate, but by a people's
speech and a people's song. In this country
we are sublimely oblivious to such abstrac-
tions. It mattei's not to us whether our
language is a strong, grand, moving, expres-
sive medium of national consciousness, or a
mere rubbish-heap of foreign lingo and slang.
The public cares little whether our own folk-
song lives or dies. Indeed, the few who do
know of its existence are interested in it
often in a languid, patronizing way. For
years the English Folk-Song Society was
almost moribund, and had it not been for
the spirit and contagious enthusiasm of Mr.
Cecil Sharp, it would probably have continued
so. As it is, we have to be thankful that
there is one society which is at last alive,
and a little band of enthusiasts, led by Mr.
Sharp, who are content to spend and be
spent for the preservation of English folk-
song. If that august body the Royal
Society of Philosophers of England (to give
it a title which it has not borne in common
parlance since the days when Charles II.
played tricks upon it) were to be asked to
interest itself in this work, it would probably
vote the proposal ridiculous, as devoid of
scientific value. If the British Government
itself were to be asked to aid the work, it
wovdd doubtless do nothing at all — which
would certainly be a safe attitude ; or if it
did anything, it would probably appoint-
some academic person to potter about the
subject and make a report, and that report
would doubtless be a curiosity.
Apparently they do these things diffe-
rently in Russia. Their interest in peasant
songs is not merely, or even in the first place,
a scientific interest. First and foremost it
is a national interest. Does the ordinary
Englishman, who looks supinely on whilst
English agriculture is declining and the
labourer is leaving the land, ever think what
his country is losing ? and if he does know
the value of what we are losing, does he ever
try to understand the underlying cause ? No.
The real reason for the depopulation of the
villages is that the joyousness of English
country life is fled and dead. Old-fashioned
village sports have gone ; and the most
truly national possession of all, our folk-music,
has become a fugitive thing, ashamed to hear
itself. It is dying as fast as it can die. It
is not to escape the toil of labour on the land
that the labourer flies to the town. It is
to escape the tedium of the long, cheerless
winter nights, with no song, no brightness,
no society anywhere. The fatal allurement
of the town over the mind of the agricultural
labourer is not the chance of employment,
but the glare of the lights outside the music-
hall.
See now the result ! Folk-song, which
was the mainspring of the joyousness of the
life of peasant England in the past, has been
killed by two rival, but very different forces.
The Methodist revival made the country
dweller a hymn-droner. The conquering
genius of Handel made the English singer a
Handel devotee, as he is in the north of
England to this day. Between them they
killed folk-song, and when they had done
that they had broken the subtle chord of
sympathy which held together the peasant
life of England, and so to-day we can neither
keep the labourer on the land nor attract
him back to it.
That is why we say that the national value
of folk-song is the first consideration, and
that its scientific or antiquarian interest
comes a long way second. Indeed, these two
sides or aspects of the interests of the subject
to the modern world, especially to England,
are not comparable. We are not handling
the same terms ; we cannot measure or
weigh them against each other, any more
than we can measure England's interest in
a powerful navy by her interest in Stone-
henge. If any one deliberately prefers to
tread the antiquarian path and to approach
folk-song from this side, he will indeed be
richly rewarded. For the astonishing feature
about peasant song istheundyingpermanenoe
of the musical form. It is not merely the
ecclesiastical modes of the mediaeval Latin
Church that it goes back to ; no, nor even
the earlier authentic Greek scale-forms.
Further back than that it goes, to the primi-
tive scale-forms coeval with the birth of the
primitive civilization of the race — thoso
scale-forms with which the analytical temper
of the Greek so ceaselessly busied itself, and
which his genius succeeded in fixing appa-
rently, in part, for all time.
In the present volume Eugenie Lineff
concludes the introduction, which is printed
in English, with a section dealing with the
tonality and musical scales of the peasant
songs. Compressed as it is. this section is
an admirable summary of what is known to
tho modern world concerning the theory of
Grook music. The simple reason for this
is that the author, through this Russian
folk-song, has actually been in touch with
ancient Creek music as a living thing, and
has heard with living oars to-day what the
Greeks heard in primeval times : —
"When the sun^s included in this book, and
also others recorded by (lie phonograph, but not
yd printed, were analyzed, with the objeot <>f
determining their tonality, it beoame evident that
the theoretic principles i f the anoienl Greeks were
more applicable to them than our modern musical
7TJ
Til K A Til ENJEUM
N U03, Juhe 16, 1006
prim iploSi ami 1 li.it a Hohltion "t tin- |irulili'iii uii-s
[bu foi < v ■ i \ tang b) adapting to it on* <>i
tlw am |i nl < Tin- l'ull"\\iiiK rli ally
defined . I.aiai t.i ist 11 -, \ni ;• I. aiml to be I limn
to tin- am ii nt Greek music (op to Axutoxeniu)
end to the old Rnsneo peeaent song: —
( 1 ) The Die i >f n»l u el inten ala,
(2) rhe Byiteni of ihorl toaJea tetrsoborda
trhioli are aronped and united, In aooordanoe with
the moaioaJ requirement <>t the people, into longer
aoalea
\ oertain freedom in the displacement of the
lv \ note, the diviaion ol its functions bel ween the
middle note and t he final at ite.
1 1 The predominanoe oi diatonism.
(.">) The predominanoe >>t deaoending melodic
figm ■
All tin -i' characteristics, which lend so
high a Boientifio or antiquarian value to the
folk-song of Russia, are fearlessly claimed
by English folk-song experts as residing in
our nativo English folk-song. Nay, more ;
thoso experts even claim for tho native
English product qualities and excellences
which are not to be found in tho folk-song
of any other European country — qualities,
namely, of movement, freedom, variety,
power of expressiveness, and so forth.
But keon and high as is this scientific
interest attaching to folk-song as the re-
pository of bygone musical forms, let it not
bo supposed for a moment that this con-
stitutes the basis of the movement towards
the rehabilitation of such melody. The
movement which is now afoot, and which is
identified pre-eminently with the name and
life-work of Mr. Cecil Sharp, is, and claims
to be, a work of national importance. Its
object is twofold: firstly' to restore that
social bond which, as I have said above, may
go far towards making peasant life in Eng-
land possible again ; and secondly to vindi-
cate the value of our despised inheritance of
national music. Time was when England
was a musical country — when, indeed, we
were musically pre-eminent in Europe.
That pre-eminence we have lost. Why ?
Because the native products — the folk-song,
the glee, the catch, the roundelay, and what
not — were displaced and made unfashion-
able, towards the close of the seventeenth
century, by the invasion of continental
forms of composition. The old has gone,
but we have not assimilated the new — not
even to this day, though we play the im-
ported instruments and teach the imported
theory. The genius of our native English
music is vocal, not instrumental ; and if We
follow our genius, there may still be for us
illimitable possibilities of development.
W. A. S.
ittusical dosaip.
Puccini's ' La Tosca ' was performed at
Covent Garden last Saturday evening, for
the first time this season, and Madame
Giachetti also made her first appearance.
In her acting she displayed both strength
and restraint, and she sang so artistically
that one easily excused the somewhat shrill
quality of someof her high notes. Signer Caruso
as Cavaradossi was in fine voice, though a
little stiff in his acting. Signor Scotti
played Scarpia with marked skill, and M.
Gilibert made the most of his small part as
the sacristan. Signor Campanini conducted,
and as a whole the rendering of the opera
was of a high order. The exciting libretto
counts for much in the success which the
work has achieved ; the music is clever, yet
it is not until the third act that it has the
chance to make a strong emotional appeal.
FB ui.kin VOX MrLDKHBUBG appeared in
' Tannhauser ' on Monday, but her voice
was not in good order, and there was exag-
geration in her acting. We felt the same
thing in her I lolde.but it was -till more marl < I
in her impersonation of Elisabeth. The
performance Of the work, indeed, was iii
many respects open to criticism.
Ill Hit A Hill I i: N'lKlsill conducted the
concert of the London Symphony Orch<
at Queen'i Hall lust Saturday. Brahi
Sympho&y in 0 minor stood at tin- heiwl of
tin- programme, and a powerful reading
was given of the work. \ striking feature
of the conducting was the char cut, \it
Btrongly emotional present at ion of the music.
In Wagner's 'Flying Dutchman1 Overture
the conductor and also the orchestra
achieved a magnificent success. Wagner's
' Forest Murmurs ' and the include and close
of 'Tristan' produced less excitement : in
comparison with Dr. Richter'.s rendering of
the latter it seemed sentimental rather than
truly impassioned. The programme ended
with Strauss's 'Tod und Verklarung.'
Miss ELENA Gebhabpt, who made her
first appearance on Monday at the concert of
Mischa Klman — whose remarkable perform-
ance of the Brahms Violin Concerto, by tin-
way, deserves mention — gave a recital at
Bechstein Hall on Wednesday afternoon.
This lady has not been content with the
possession of a fine fresh voice of wide
range, and with a musical temperament
and marked intelligence, but she must have
studied earnestly under some great teacher
of singing. We can now only state that in
songs of various character, from Marcello
and Gluck to Wolf and Strauss, she won,
and legitimately, the full favour of her
audience. To listen to her is a high artistic
enjoyment. But Mr. Arthur Nikisch was
at the piano, and that was a factor in
her success which must not be overlooked.
From the cold-toned instrument he evolved
varied colouring, almost as if he had a small
orchestra at his disposal.
Thk recently formed Oriana Madrigal
Society gave its third concert at the ^olian
Hall on Tuesday evening. The name which
it bears is a proud one, for it recalls one of
the grandest periods in the annals of British
music ; but the choir and the able conductor,
Mr. C. Kennedy Scott, proved themselves
worthy of it. The programme -was too
long, but fortunately all the numbers were
interesting. We would particularly note
the singing of Orlando Gibbons's ' The
Silver Swan ' and the impressive " What is
our life ? " The emotional round. " She
weepeth sore in the night," by William
Lawes, expressivoly sung by four ladies,
deserves mention. Many old compositions
were conceived in a mathematical rather
than a musical spirit : but Byrd, Gibbons,
Wilbye, and other of our great madrigal
writers, sought, and successfully, to in-
tensify the words they set to music ; hence
the latter, in spite of its archaic form,
still lives.
Thkre have been several pianoforte
recitals by well-known pianists. Mr. F.
Lamond, yesterday week at the .Eolian
Hall, gave an excellent rendering of Schu-
mann's Fantasia, Op. 17, although in the
first movement the line of demarcation
between sentiment and sentimentality was
not always duly observed. As an inter-
preter of Beethoven the pianist enjoys a
high reputation, but in the composer's
Sonata in B minor. Op. 90, he was not quite
at his best. His playing, on the other hand,
of the Schubert-Liszt ' Erlkonig ' was re-
markably fine.
M. AitTiint DB Gbeef, tie Belgian
pianist, at his recital on Monday
at the same hall played Beethoven's
' Appassionato ' Sonata with skill and
marked feeling : the reading of the first
movement, however, was somewhat flurried.
It i unwise to begin a recital with snob
an important work. His performance l
Schumann's ' Papilb admirable.
If. \ i miimiu iij I'miimann gave a
Chopin recital at Becfastom Hull on
Saturday afternoon, and, as usual with
-ie -h on ie, with great success.
Tin; programme of the " Phantasy M Con-
cert at Bechstein Hall on Friday U xt will
comprise the work by the late Mr. W. Y.
Huristono which obtained the first prise m
tho recent " Phantasy Composition
anized by tin- Worshipful Company of
Musicians; also five works by MM. Frank
Bridge, James Frisian, .). Bolbr >"k'-, Waldo
Win er, and BTaydon Wood, which obtained
prizes. These fantasies, which will bo i
Formed by the Saunders Quartet, a\era<re
about a quarter of an hour each. The
judges in the competition wen* Sir A.
Mackenzie and Messrs. A. Gibson, W. W.
Cobbett, and H. Sternberg.
Db. Chaki.ks A. F. H ap.kiss. who arranged
the British-Canadian Festival in 1903, of
which Sir Alexander Mackenzie was con-
ductor, is giving a British-Canadian Festival
at Queen's Hall on the 27th inst. Sirs E-
ESlgar, A. Mackenzie. Hubert Parry, and
Charles Stanford, also Dr. F. H. Cowen,
will conduct works of their own. The
Canadian part of the programme will be
confined to two numbers: Dr. Hani
choric idyll ' Pan,' and Sir A. Mac-ken/
' Canadian Rhapsody.'
Dr. P. C. Buck will read a paper entitled
'Prolegomena to Musical Criticism ' before
the members of the Musical Association
next Tuesday.
Bus.
M<»\.-
JIox.
\Y,i..
Tin us
FBI
SaT.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Sunday League Concert, ', Queen'i Hall.
-Sat. Koyal Opera, Corent Garden.
Mi>s Jessie Qrimsoa and the New Symphony Orchestra. 3»
Queen's Hall.
Miss Amies Ziinmermann and Herr von Zur-Miihlen's Piano-
forte and Sontr Recital, 3.30, Bechstein Hall.
Mile Rosa Olitxka's Vocal Recital. * .:m. Bechetein Hall.
Herr Busoni'a Pian< I ostein Hall.
Mif> Staegemann'e Song Recital, .". .F.olian Hall.
Mr. Edward Dee's Vocal Recital, 8, Bechstein Hall.
Mr. Marmaduke Barton's Pianoforte Recital. S. Bechftei»
Hall.
Madame Clothil.ie Kleeberg's Recital, :* So, .Eolian Hall.
Hr. Lndwig Wullner's Bong Recital, 8, Bechstein Hall.
Mr. II Witherspoon's Song Cental. :. Bechstein Hall.
Mrs. M.uv Layton's Ladies ( boh", B. Queen's Hall.
MisB Qwynne Sixer's Concert, s Bechstein Hall
Miss Tilly Koenen i Song Recital, " Bechstein BUI
Herr Jan ran ' ordt B Violin Recital &, Queen's Hall.
Phantasy Concert, s i",. Bechstein Hall.
Rehearsal, Handel Festival, 12, Crystal Palace.
M Wilhelm Backhaul ■ Pianoforte Recital, ::. Queen's HaU.
Mr. Boris Hambonrg's Cello Recital, '■'. .Eolian Hall.
DRAMA
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
The Arden Shakespeare. General Editor.
W. J. Craig.— Twelfth Night. Edited by
Morton Luce. (Methuen A Co.) — Some
seven j'ears have passed since this edition
was begun by Prof. Dowden. and we have
yet got hut to the seventeenth volume: a
rathei slow rate of proirress when the number
ut" editors engaged on the work is considered.
'Twelfth Night' now reaches us, the first
received during the current year. We have
from time to time had the pleasure of calling
attention to this charming edition, and now.
without entering on any detailed criticism
of the present instalment, we may fairly
say that it is up to the high mark of excellence
to which its predecessors have accustomed
us : we notice, however — not in this volume
alone — a tendency to amplify the intro-
ductory and explanatory matter to the
neglect <«f textual collation. The latter we
consider the most important part of an
editor's duty : without it we cannot have a
full knowledge of the state of the text ; with
it we think that Shakspeare may be gene-
rally considered capable of explaining him-
N° 4103, June 16, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
743
self, [especially if the reader is assisted,
as he should be, in the knowledge of the
poet's language with ample illustrations
from the writings of his contemporaries.
Exuberance of explanatory notes, often
tedious, may imperil to some extent the
handiness of the volumes — a quality we
have commended. The present volume
might, we think, with very little trouble,
have been reduced some fifty pages or so
without in the least impairing its usefulness.
Othello Unveiled. By Rentala Venkata
Subbarau. (Madras, the Rentala House,
Mylapore.) — We have here, including a
copiously annotated edition of the play
Itself, a portly volume of over seven hundred
pages, intended by the wnter to lift the veil
which he imagines has hitherto existed
between the play and its editors and com-
mentators. What that veil is we have in
vain attempted to discover ; but Mr. Sub-
barau's method is to imagine and describe
in great detail the whole course of the story
as suggested by those portions of it repre-
sented in the visible action of the stage. It
would be useless to follow Mr. Subbarau' s
narrative ; he tells us nothing which is
either a mystery or secret to any student of
Shakspeare, and in point of fact the only
•difficulty in the conduct of the play is in the
excessively short time allowed by the poet
for the action in Cyprus : Mr. Subbarau' s
" unveiling " appears to be merely an attempt
to extend this time. Othello and Desde-
mona land in Cyprus, and from Act II. to
Act III. sc. ii. we have a night and morning.
In Act III. sc. hi., still in the morning, Iago
begins his insinuations against Desdemona's
chastity, and by midnight of the same day
Othello is a murderer and suicide. The
scenes from the landing to the tragic ending
are so run together that it is not possible
to thrust in even an hour's interval between
sc. ii. and hi. of Act III., and the time there-
fore passed in Cyprus is comprised in a por-
tion of two consecutive days. Yet there are
references and allusions throughout, from
Act II. to the end of Act V., which absolutely
require a much longer period in Cyprus than
this distressingly short time would allow ;
and Prof. Wilson (Christopher North) was
thereby induced to put forth his " astound-
ing discovery " that Shakspeare had invented
a system of double-time, and worked his
time-plot by two clocks, one fpst, the other
slow. The Professor failed to explain how
this was to be done, and rathei left one with
the impression that his " astounding dis-
covery " partook perilously of the nature
of a mare's nest. Very respectable autho-
rities, however, have accepted his sugges-
tions more whole-heartedly than he himself
appears to have done ; but Mr. Subbarau is
not one of them, for he denounces double-
time as a delusion, and proposes, in spite
of the continuity of the scenes, to set the
time right by the brutal plan — after all,
inefficient — of thrusting in an interval of
at least a month between sc. ii. and iii. of
Act III.
That Mr. Subbarau should have felt
himself impelled to bring forth a huge
volume for the purpose of announcing such
a lame and impotent conclusion is at once
matter for marvel and regret ; but truth
compels us to pronounce the result a mere
waste of print and paper.
The Title Mart : a Comedy in Three Acts.
By Winston Churchill. (New York, the
Macmillan Company.) — Whatever may be
the fate of this play when produced before
an American public, for which it is obviousl}
intended, it constitutes eminently diverting
reading. As its title denotes, it is a satire
upon the American chase after English titles,
and the corresponding hunt on the part of
the English nobility after American dollars.
In the satire the scales are evenly held, and
it is difficult to say which is the more humor-
ous— the Transatlantic matron with an over-
weening admiration for aristocratic imper-
tinence and selfishness, or her sprightly
daughter who wins an English marquis by
her skill in jiu-jitsu wrestling. The whole,
though a trifle extravagant, is written with
remarkable spirit and humour. The misuse
in the stage directions of the word " exits "
as a verb is regrettably frequent.
The Girl with the Green Eyes : a Play in
Four Acts. By Clyde Fitch. (New York,
the Macmillan Company.) — This play also
is intended for an American public, and has
little in it that appeals to the English play-
goer. It tells a story of blind and un-
reasoning jealously, and ends with an attempt
on the part of the heroine at suicide, which
we cannot but regard as a mistake in a clever
and, in other respects, sympathetic work.
The title has merely an accidental resem-
blance to that of Balzac's ' La Fille aux
Yeux d'or.'
' ATALANTA IN CALYDON ' AT THE
SCALA THEATRE.
A critic born, like the present writer,
long after the great Victorians, is impatient
of set speeches and digressions — impatient,
indeed, of justifiable longueurs. He does
not look for beauty of metre and language
in drama, and he does, perhaps, look for
more movement and conciseness than his
predecessors expected or desired. Con-
fronted, then, with a play such as ' Atalanta
in Calydon ' on the stage, he is surprised at
the strong dramatic quality it shows through-
out, particularly at the effect of the deeply
tragic scene at the end, which moves the
emotions as few things, modern or ancient,
can do. If Mr. Swinburne's play is some
way from the Greek in its sensuous indul-
gences, it has something of the spirit which
has gripped even those who were no Grecians
at the death of Hippolytus and the agonies
of the, Trojan women. Traces there are of
such embellishment as here runs riot in the
' Ajax ' of Sophocles ; the fragments of the
' Phaethon ' of Euripides hold the romance
of the sunrise, and when the old poet spoke
for himself in a chorus of the ' Hercules
Furens,' he was far from the futile common
sense associated with that part of the drama.
The modern feeling for nature and romance
is not so un-Greek as is supposed, but leaving
such justification aside, we may award
great credit to the actors, led by Miss Elsie
Fogerty (their trainer), for the undoubted
success of ' Atalanta.' They were able to
give clear utterance to the astonishing
beauty and fervour of description which
make the play immortal. If ever amplifica-
tion, to use the term of Longinus. is justified,
it is here. The Chorus was a real triumph,
and the best, both for artistic grouping and
singing, that has been seen of late years.
The dresses, Specially woven and dyed,
were graduated with the skill of a modern
landscape painter who finds in nature a
subtle colour-scheme of varying reds. The
leader (Miss Mary Webb) had a good voice
and appearance ; and except for the posing
of one figure, rather too conscious of a pretty
face, there was always appropriate move-
ment in the fourteen who formed the Chorus.
One saw for the first time what could be
done with
the charm
of woven paces and of waving hand*
A dance movement with play at ball was B
happy invention, carried out with the finish
and skill which distinguished throughout
the figures who gathered round the altar of
Dionysus. Miss Fogerty as Althaea was
dignified, and, of course, admirable in elocu-
tion. She allowed herself, we think, too
level a tone of hardness in the first part of
the play ; but she was capable of tenderness,
and her whole conception of the last scene
was moving, though not lacking in the Greek
quality of restraint. Mr. Gerald Ames as
Meleager was also at his best in the final
scene. His life went out fitfully, as the poet
intended, with the transient glow and gloom
of the burning brand. As Atalanta, Miss
Hazel Thompson showed a simplicity and
grace which augur well for her future as an
artist. A more gracious embodiment of the
maiden huntress could not have been hoped
for.
The music, by Miss Muriel Elliot, was
frankly modern, but tuneful. The piano
was unfortunately obtrusive in some moments
of stress, in which the violins, also present,
would surely have been sufficient to guide
voices so efficient and well trained.
It seems a pity that so excellent a per-
formance could not have been arranged for
several afternoons or nights in succession.
On Monday there was, we believe, a full
house, and a substantial sum must have
been gained for Bedford College.
Dramatic (Bossip.
In its way the representation at Drury
Lane on the 12th inst. was unique. Scarcely
an English actor of eminence was there who
did not take a share in the entertainment,
and as a tribute, on the part of the public
and her profession to the estimation in
which Miss Terry is held, the demonstra-
tion was unprecedented and unparalleled.
Features in the programme carried out —
notably the tableaux vivants arranged by
Mr. Luke Fildes, Sir L. Alma Tadema, and
other artists — were of enchanting beauty.
In most of the cases, however, the personal
element outweighed the artistic gain. This
is always the case when scenes from comic
masterpieces are given, whatever the cast
assigned them. In a presentation of ' Much
Ado about Nothing ' it was profoundly
interesting to see the beneficiaire as Beatrice
supported by her sisters Marion as Hero
and Kate as Ursula, and nearly a score of
offshoots of her family, together with a cast
comprising Mr. Fred Terry, Mr. H. B.
Irving, Mr. Forbes Robertson, Mr. Beer-
bohm Tree, and numerous others of high
eminence ; and the fact of having been
present on such an occasion is one to be
remembered with gratification. Better per-
formances of the play are, however, to be
recalled at the Lyceum and His Majesty's.
Not less sensible, with a change of theatre,
was the feeling in the Dinner and Picture
Scene of ' The School for Scandal,' in which
Sir Charles Wyndham was Charles Surface ;
Mr. Arthur Bourchier, Sir Oliver ; Mr.
Edward Terry, Moses ; Mr. Cyril Maude,
Trip ; Mr. George Alexander, Careless ; and
Mr. Ben Davies, Sir Henry Bumper. Signora
Duse came over, it is stated, on purpose to
render a tribute to the English actress ; and
among those who assisted m the demonstra-
tion were Mme. Jane Hading and MM.
Coquelin, In the same category might
almost be classed t he public, which during
the closing reception sang ' Auld Lang Syne '
with great enthusiasm. Lady Bancroft, in
a few well-chosen and happily delivered
phrases, announced herself as the fairy
godmother who presided over the pageant.
It may be doubted whether a scene of
homage to an artist ever held more magic
and electric feeling.
711
'I1 II E AT II KN'/KUM
\ U03, .1' m 10, 1906
I \ i c\ i\ ins at t he Royalty ' Madem<
ilr u 8i M Coquelui resumed the
pint "t the avocat Destournelles, in which
lie «TM Been at the Gaiety, lis a member (if
the Comedie Franeaiae, in June, I s7'.». The
work an adaptation by M. Jules Bandeau
..f one of hia novels though now nearly
sixty years old, remains a masterpiece, while
M. Coquelin's performance of the ambitious
ami cynical old lawyer is even riper than
before. M. .lean Coquelin struggled (in
the main successfully) with an arduous part
as the Marquis : Mile. Fanny Aubel succeeded
Mile. Broisat as Helene. the sympathetic
heroine ; and Madame Bouchetal, Mile.
Madeleine Mrohan as the Haronne.
Wii \r. after the modern fashion of e\t ra.\ a-
gilnt advert isement . was announced as a
'■ Big dramatic festival," but consisted of
two revivals of moderate interest, took place
last Saturday evening at the Duke of York's
Theatre. The firs! consisted of Mr. .!. M.
Barrie's fantasj ' Pantaloon,' in which Mr.
Albert Chevalier took for the first time the
character <>f Pantaloon ; the second was
' The Marriage of Kitty." Mr. Cosmo Gordon
Lennox's clever adaptation of ' La Passerelle,'
in which Miss Marie Tempest resumed her
original pari of Kitty Silverton, acting with
her old sauciness and liumour ; Miss Ellis
Jeffreys returned to tlie cliaracter of Madame
de Semiano, of which site is an ideal exponent;
Mr. Leonard Boyne remained Sir Reginald ;
and Mr. Eric Lewis was John Travers, the
lawyer. An amount of success which few
recent novelties have enjoyed seems in store
for the revival.
A NEW last act. providing a happy ter-
mination, was on Tuesday evening supplied
at the Savoy to ' The Shulamite,' a well-
conceived and well-acted play thus obtaining
further elements of popularity. A musical
piece by Mr. Malcolm Watson, entitled ' An
Exile from Home,' was on the same occasion
added to a programme which it strengthens.
' Brigadier Gerard ' has closed its
career at the Lyric, to the evening bill of
which ' Othello,' with Mr. Lewis Waller as
the Moor and Mr. H. B. Irving as his ancient,
is this evening transferred.
To the list of pieces which have failed to
hit public taste must be added ' Shore
Acres,' which at the Waldorf has met with
no such good fortune as it enjoyed in the
United States. An arrangement has been
made by which, in the early autumn, the
management of Mr. Cyril Maude and Miss
Winifred Emery will be associated in a
West-End theatre with that of Mr. Charles
Frohman.
The season at the Imperial of Mr. Martin
Harvey closes this evening.
Miss Ada Rehan has embarked for
England, but in a condition that necessitated
her being carried on board the ship, and
precludes all hope of her appearance on the
stage during her present visit.
' Matt of Merkvmonth ' is the title of a
play by Mrs. E. G. Sutherland and Mr.
B. M. I)ix which lias been secured for pro-
duction next season by Mr. Fred Terry.
Madame Jane Hading's first appearance
for the present season took place on Monday
at the Coronet in her familiar role of Madame
d'Ange in ' Le Demi-Monde,' in which she
was once more seen to high advantage.
It was on April 26th, on the occasion of
the Jubilee of the University of Melbourne.
that the performance of 'The Wasps' of
Aristophanes, to which brief reference was
made last week, took place, tinder the
direction of Dr. Alexander beeper, Warden
of Trinity College, and in presence of his
Excellency the Governor-General. The in-
1 1 rpretei were taken from tin- three- collcgcH
of Trinity, Ormond, and Queei The
es were made by ladies connected with
the colleges; the propertii ■•• copied
from ancient sculpt m e- ami paintings. The
dress of the WaSpB and in.-t of the kitchen
utensils were from the designs of M. Maurice-
Curt on. Two representations were given on
the same day. The scenery was executed
by Messrs. Little a Son. oi the Melbourne
Theatre Royal.
Owing to copyrighl arrangements, the
complete edition of [bean's works announced
by Mr. I binemann cannot be published until
September next. Two volumes will be
issued then, and the others in rapid succes-
sion.
MISCELLANEA
•
DATE OF THE STATUTE OF
KILKENNY.
Ali, published histories of Ireland give
the date of the famous Statute of Kilkenny
as 1367, and this error has been perpetuated
since Hardiman's volume on the subject.
A few years back the real date was pointed
out to me by a deceased friend, and I am
glad to note that in the recently issued
' History of the Diocese of Ossory ' the true
date is quoted by the Rev. William Carrigan.
However, it may be well to make known
generally that the actual year when the
Statute of Kilkenny wras passed was the
fortieth year of Edward III., which is 1366
— not 1367, as found in all printed autho-
rities. The statute was enacted on " the day
after Ash Wednesday, 40 Edw. III.," and
this must be at the close of February of the
year 1366. As a matter of fact, Lionel,
Duke of Clarence, Viceroy of Ireland,
returned to England early in 1366, leaving
Gerald, Earl of Desmond, as Justiciary.
Wit. H. Grattan Flood.
To Correspondents.— W. E. C. — W. K. D.— C. A. M. F.
— Received.
E. W. — Many thanks : anticipated, as you will see.
No notice can betaken of anonymous communications.
We cannot undertake to reply to inquiries concerning the
appearance of reviews of hooks.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Authors' Agents
Autotype Compant
BAOSTER A sons
Rem. & sons
Catalogues
Constable & Co
Duckworth & Co
Educational
Exhibitions
Heinemann
BURST it Blackett
.1 Mi KOI. 1 1 4 SONS
Laurie
longhans & co
M ACM II. I. AN & CO
Miscellaneous
Murray
Newspaper Agents ..
Notes * queries
NUTT
Oxford University press
Religious tract society .
Bales m Auction
Situations Vacant
siti'ations Wanted . .
SOCIETIES
Stanford
STOCK
Surgical Aid society
Typewriters, Ac.
719
71S
746
744
719
721
745
717
717
71-1
722
746
747
721
722
71S
720
719
740
r«
722
74S
719
717
71S
717
747
747
746
718
MESSRS. BELL S
L 1 8 t.
• ' <m 'ij,/Jv aiiotl.
DEDICATED BY SPECIAL PERMISSION TO
H.M. KING EDWARD VII.
V.-ls. 1. VI. MOW READY.
v..i. vn. IN THE PRE*
To !><■ completed in al...
-Jt.i. Al-. per vol. net.
. ' ioiih will be taken lor BOmpL :.ly. )
THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS.
A Corapl onary of Oontrifa I
their Work from it- Foundation in 17'
1904 By ALGERNON GRAVES, F.8.A.
" In spite of the rapidity of issue, there is no
tree of • scamping,' editorial or typographical, so
that this 'Complete Dictionary' will remain an
enduring monument, not only of the edi(
tained industry, but also of the n
taste of the Chiswick Press." Athaucum.
Demy Svo, with 82 Illustrations, 8*. ML net.
TURBINES. By W. H. Stuart
GARNETT, Barrister-at-Law.
The author of this work spent considerable time
at Messrs. Parsons' Engineering Works, and gives
in this hook a full account of the well-known
'• Parsons " Turbine.
Fcap. 8vo, 6*.
A HANDBOOK TO SHAKESPEARE
By MORTON LUCE, Author of 'A Hand-
book to Tennyson.' fas.
This 'Handbook to Shakespeare1 offers in one
volume the critical and explanatory helps that
must otherwise be BOUght in many books.
"Mr. Luce is no blind worshipper, and his
criticism is of excellent quality. He has laid
students of Shakespeare under very considerable
obligation. " — Sj« ctator.
Fcap. 8vo, 2s. 6d. net.
A BROWNING TREASURE BOOK.
Being Extracts from Browning, Selected and
Arranged by A. M. WARBURTON.
I! 'iily J nil'
Royal 4to, 2A 2s. net.
DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE IN
ENGLAND IN THE SEVENTEENTH AND
EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES. A Selection
of Examples of Smaller Buildings, Measured,
Drawn, and Photographed. With Introduc-
tion and Notes. By HORACE FIELD and
MKH ALL BUNNEY.
•• The authors have measured, drawn, and photo-
graphed houses over a wide area of the country,
and have added notes to assist the eye. The book
should be valuable to architects, and to all who
arc interested in our domestic architecture.'"
Athi asm m.
"THE BEST LIFE OF NAPOLEON."— Times.
LIFE OF NAPOLEON I. By J.
HOLLAND ROSE. Litt.D.. late Scholar of
Christ's College Caml rely Com-
piled from New Materials taken from the
British Official Records. With numerous
Illustrations. Maps, and Plans. In 2 vols,
large post Svo, THIRD EDITION, 18a
Also a CHEAPER EDITION, without the Illus-
trations. -2 vols. I Oft, net.
"There is no single l>o<>k on Napoleon, either in
English OT French, to l>e compared to this for
accuracy, for information, for judgment, nor is
there any that is better reading."
Manchester Guardian.
London : GEORGE BELL & SONS.
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C
N°4103, June 16, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
745
DUCKWORTH & CO.'S NEW PUBLICATIONS.
BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE VISITS OF ELIZABETH/
BEYOND THE ROCKS, a love story.
By ELINOR GLYN. Crown 8vo, 6s.
"She (Mrs. Glyn) is so charming a humorist, she understands so well the heart of woman. ' Beyond the Rocks ' is, indeed, a very charming and a very distinctive novel, and it
will even add to Mrs. Glyn's reputation." — Daily Express.
" In the tales of this clever and amusing writer there is an atmosphere which one finds in no other hooks of the present day. Here is a better story in ' Beyond the Rocks ' than
she has told before. She is getting more command over her materials, and displays her knowledge of men and women to better effect." — Evening News.
" ' Beyond the Rocks' is by far the most daring novel to which the authoress has yet put her pen. It will enhance her special reputation, and will be widely read." — Sportsman,
NEW NOVEL FOR THE SUMMER SEA80N. OUT THIS WEEK.
A MOTOR CAR DIVORCE.
By L. CLOSSER HALE.
30 Illustrations, 10 in Colour, by WALTER HALE. Crown 8vo, 6.5.
A large Edition of this very original Automobile Story has been prepared, and it is likely to prove one of the most successful and
popular of Novels for Summer reading. Orders should be given to Booksellers and Libraries at once to ensure prompt delivery.
"A CHARMING ROMANCE."
KING PETER. By Dion Clayton Calthrop.
Crown 8vo, with Frontispiece, 352 pp. 6*.
" The most original book one has read for many a day." " Literary style." " Charm of expression." " A background of wisdom." "Unreservedly recommended." — Daily Express.
"Beautiful and touching." " Exquisitely treated." "The detail is never excessive, and he never forgets that, for all the gorgeous colours and fantastic patterns of mediaeval
Christendom, the general lines of thought and action were simpler than some romanticists suppose." — Academy.
A NOBLE EPIC ON THE BEGINNINGS OF BRITAIN.
THE DAWN IN BRITAIN.
By
y CHARLES M. DOUGHTY, Author of 'Travels in Arabia Deserta.' 2 vols, crown 8vo, is. M. net each.
Early Renew in the TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT .—"This strong, strange poem fulfils aspirations Heroic duels, closely modelled on Homeric fights ; bits of pagan
mythology, like Woden's visit to the abode of Hel ; Brennus's passage of the Alps ; the .Song of Sigor, a beautiful version of the myth of Crispin and Agygia, which we should have
liked to quote in full, as a proof of Mr. Doughty s handling of an idyllic theme. . . .We hope, however, that enough has been quoted to show that this is no ordinary poem, such as
minor bards, endowed with a cultivated taste and a select and recondite vocabulary, could write. It is work of an altogther higher order. It may be that its subject and manner
will narrow the circle of its admirers in an age which is quick to protest that it has no leisure for epics ; but the fit and few will give thanks for a poet."
IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT.
NEW VOLUME IN THE LIBRARY OF ART.-THE "RED 8ER I ES."-JUST OUT, 48 Illustrations, 7.. <kl. net.
THE SCOTTISH SCHOOL OF PAINTING.
By WILLIAM D. McKAY, R.S.A., Librarian to the Royal Scottish Academy.
After giving an account of the precursors of the Scottish School of Painting, 1588 to 1798, the author treats of the art of Raeburn and Wilkie, the founders of the Scottish School a»
such, at considerable length, and traces their influence through their followers. Wilkie's contemporaries are considered separately ; and the rise and development of Northern land-
scape. The young men of the forties are dealt with later on ; and the last part of the book is devoted to a survey of later developments.
FULL PROSPECTUS SEiVT TO ANY ADDRESS.
THE MUSEUMS AND RUINS OF ROME.
By WALTER AMELUNG and H. HOLTZINGER. Map, Plans, and 270 Illustrations. Edited by Mrs. ARTHUR STRONG. 2 vols. 10s. net.
" Has long been wanted. There has been nothing quite like ' Ameluny and Bottzinger,' and not only visitors, but students should be grateful."
"These little books are without their match." — Academy.
BY H. BELL0C, M.P.
EST0 PERPETUA: Algerian Studies and Impressions.
BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE PATH TO ROME.'
Illustrated by 4.5 Drawings and Coloured Frontispiece by the Author. 5& net.
" Highly picturesque and suggestive. There are many amusing things, and queer, gravely told stories, in the style of 'The Path to Rome.' Full of a certain fine quality. It is a
prose poem. Eloquent and lucid." — Daily Neivx.
" Unconventional and romantic. Impressive and significant. " — Standard,
RAMBLES IN NORMANDY. By Francis Miltoun, I ENGLISH WATER-COLOUR PAINTERS. By A. J.
Author of 'Cathedrals of Northern France.' With very many Illustrations from I FINBERO. 60 Illustrations, cloth, 2& net ; leather, 28. M» net.
Drawings and Sketches by BLANCHE MCMANUS 9 Maps, square noun 8vo, ] Based chiefly on examples easily accessible. A popular guide to public collections u>
London.
6«. net.
RAMBLES IN BRITTANY. By Francis Miltoun.
Illustrated by BLANCHE McMANUS. Uniform with ' Normandy.' 8*. net.
For other* hi this Series—" THE POPULAR LIBRARY OF ART,"
see List belon:
POPULAR LIBRARY OF ART. — Cloth, 2s. net; leather, 2s. 6d. net.
LEONARDO. By Dr. GRONAU, 44 Illustrations.
BOTTICELLI. I'.y.Tri.n CARTWRIOHT (Mrs. Ady). 40 Illustrations.
RAPHAEL. By JULIA CaRTWRIGHT (Mis. Ady). .10 Illustrations.
VELAZQUEZ. By AUGUSTS ISki'w.. 62 Illustrations.
REMBRANDT. By Auousts Breal 02 Illustrations,
DURER. By Lin \ ECKENBTEIK. 87 Illustrations.
ROSSETTI. By Fokd Madox Hi km t.k. 62 Illustrations.
"WATTS. ByO. K. Chbstbrton. 36 Illustrations,
FRED WALKER. By C. BLACK. 32 Illustrations and Photogravure.
GAINSBOROUGH. By A. B. CHAMBERLAIN. 56 Illustr.itions.
FRENCH IMPRESSIONISTS. By C. Yaici.aik. 50 Illustrations.
MILLET. By B. BOLLARD, 82 Illustrations.
HOLBEIN. By FORD MADOX IItr.in.it. 60 Illustrations.
London : DUCKWORTH & CO. 3, Henrietta Street, Covcnt Garden.
74<;
Til K ATI! KNjEUM
N' ilo:;, ,I,m. 16, 1906
JARROLD & SONS' NEW BOOKS. THE SURGICAL AID SOCIETY.
\ I'ol'l I.Ul SI"K\ "1 1 III: Vl I IN - II' 'Ml!. AMP
THY PEOPLE SHALL BE MY
PEOPLE ;
Or, Karon Jurgons of Egtvod.
.1 ,t«.l from n <-"■ 'I I'.m-h of LAURA Mill
< I \i: \ HK.NKK l.l UN" attmctlvalj bound In cloth. (Ill
v | \.i In Daunmrk, daplctlaf the •Tary-daj Ufa of tbt
|- j.l. /
II.. ,i.i-.-ii.». c.i the Ilea between Denmark anil Rnjilantl .
the author • realirtli akeU-hea ol the evereiUT life
mark bul aiiarl from thl« the itorj li ■> lntrin»b merll
big!) order, and will lie found the brightest ami |ileaaanU >l of raiding
. //' (-.
a ROM UK i: Of MM BABL1 ku.htkentii ckmtky.
MURRAY OF THE SCOTS GREYS.
Il.v l.Al'ltKM'K ( 'I.AIth I
•• An r\. .11. ni rtorj Its plots and oounta plots. Its mjrterle* and
Its murder* f.>r it la a ronuuitii norei run on iwhati onventional
lin.- Nevertheless, the] are, so plausible and -■ well oonoeived, and
ire showered upon the rendei In mi h riotous profusion, thai In-
if h'k. U i" have ;i breathless time ■■( II Ooi
"liof thrUllnflnteraal Uundm AdmrUmr.
NKW NoVKL liV T1IK A I THOB OK 'INGRAM.' _
BY LAW ETERNAL. A Novel.
I '.UKAI.HINK KEMP. Anthorof Iiiumm.' 'A Modern Uerltash.'&c.
Crown Bto, • l"tli elegant, M. td.
" Tli.- I'l.'l ll nod /'.li/;/ Telegraph
" I- -kilfulh treated, and throughout Is gennlnelj Interesting.
Literary World.
NEW CUBA? KE issl E OF
JAltnoLDs" "FAMOUS EUROPEAN NOVELISTS"
SERIES.
m sue red sloth, with cameo Portrait • •>! cover, and Photogravure
Frontispiece, it. id, net each.
VOLUMES I. AND O. HOW KKADV. lilEAl' NINTH EDITION.
THE GREEN BOOK;
Or, Freedom under the Snow.
Bj Dr HAT/BUS JOBLAI, Anthorof ' Black WamondV 'Midst the
Wild Carpathians,' fcc. Translated hi Uri. W U OH.
"Is truly an astounding book, dealing with tin- early yean of the
present century, and with thai world of inarticulate romance— the
Empire of all the Russians. All the superficial culture and essential
barbarian] »'i the country are depicted in these pages.
//.ii/./ Telegraph.
VOLUME II. CHEAP THIRD EDITION.
THE TONE KING.
A Romance of the Life of Mozart.
Bj HKItlliKKT KAV, Author of ' Beethoven,' &c.
Translated by J. E. ST. OT/ENTIH liAE.
With specially Engraved Portrait of Mozart.
" F.ir more Interesting than any novel." — Spectator.
"A lively story. Uosart was the wonder ol the world, ami the
narrative of his achievements, hoy and man, deftly built op to com-
pleteness l.y Mi. Rau, is deliiihtful reading throughout."
Daily Telegraph.
London :
-7ARR0LD & SONS, 10 and 1 I .Warwick Lane, E.C.
DAVID NUTT,
57-59, LONG ACRE.
THE CLASSICAL REVIEW.
Vol XX. JUNE, 1906. No. 5. 1*. M. net.
Contents.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS:—
Bnripides, ' Andromache,' 656-666. A. W. VERRALL.
Note on I'lato, ' Republic,' issd. PAUL SHOREY.
Arist. ' De Mem.,' 462a 17-2G. JOHN I. BEARE.
The icufiiot in Greek suites other than Athena 'J'. W,
BEASLEY.
Sundry Greek Compounds and Blended Winds and
Suffixes. BDWIN W. KAY.
i t Notes on the Verrmea W. PETERSON.
Notes on Pnaedrua A. K. HOUSMAN.
The Early Numerals. LILIAN M. BAGGE
REVIEWS:—
Bliss's 'Interpolations in the Odyssey.' i'. W. ALLEN.
Baeder's 'Philosophic Development of Plato1 H. <;.
BURY.
Ryan's 'Petroniua' WALTER c. SUMMERS.
.M. Legras' Studies in Statins, II. W. GARROD.
BRIEFER NOTICES.
ARCHAEOLOGY:—
Triremea PHILIP ll. NEWMAN.
I'.ii mil's 'Evolution of Beligion.' JANE K. HARRI-
SON.
Hiilsen's 'Roman Forum.' THOMAS ASHBY,
Gardner's ' Greek Sculpture.' (;. 1'. RILL,
Monthly Record. V. ll. MARSHALL.
SUMMARIES OF PERIODICALS.
BOOKS RECEIVED.
■Inn.
PEARL.
JUST OUT.
A Fourteenth-Century Poem
rendered into Modern English by G. G.
COULTON, M.A., Author of 'Mediaeval
studies.' Square 16mo, cloth gilt, la net ;
la Id. post tree.
Chief Office SALISBURY BQ1 aim-:. FLEET BTREET, E.C.
Telephone No.: 12282 CENTRAL.
Patron-HIS MAJESTY THE KING.
This Society \\;is established in 1802 to supply Leg Instruments. Spinal Supports,
Trusses, Elastic Stockings, Artificial Limbs, &c, and every other description of
Mechanical Support, to tlie Poor.
OVER 440 PATIENTS ARE RELIEVED EVERY WEEK.
CONTRIBUTIONS EARNE8TLY SOLICITED.
Annual Subscription Of £0 10 6 ) Entitles to Two Recommei
Life Subscription of 5 5 0 1 pa Annum.
Bankers — Messrs. Barclay <fc Co., Lt<l., 54, Lombard Street.
RICHARD C. TRESIDDER, Beoetny.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
THIS WEEK'S NUMBER CONTAINS-
NOTES : — Daniel Tuvill or Tutevil — Rot>ert Greene's Prose Works — Shakcspeariana — Inscriptions at
Lucerne — " Eshin' :' : " Beltin' "=Caning — Burial in Woollen — " Jour de Bouhourdis " — Masham
Family — Steam Communication with America.
QUERIES :—' The Dean of Badajoz '— .John Cooke, the Regicide— Butler of Toderstaff— CI. A. R.
Dunn — Roliin Hoixl in French — ' Percy Folio ' in "The King's Library" — 'Emblemee d'Alciat'
— Blunden Family — Santorin and St. Irene — King John's Baggage lost crossing the Wash —
Percival Gunston, of Thorpe-on-Tees — Catherine: Katharine: Katherine — Society Ladies —
Keene or Kyme Family — "Rime" v. "Rhyme" — Thomas Phelpes, Pi79 — Flags — Gordon: the
Name in Russia — "Wykehamist" First Used — Seddon Family— Col. By, K.K. — Iran, Spain —
Proverh against Gluttony.
REPLIES:— "Pightle": "Pikle"— Robert Barley, Earl of Oxford— " Duma "'—Barnes : Origin of
the Name — Snakes in South Africa — John Hook, of Norwich — Greek and Rinnan Talilets —
•John Bull's Bible' — Louis Philippe's Landing in England — "Cast not a clout till May l>e out"' —
Ma}' Song — Macaulay's " New Zealandci ■"- Capt. Onjey, R.N., ]~'A.~t — Dante's Sonnet to Guido
Cavalcanti — Japanese and Chinese Lyrics — "Place"' — Cateaton Street — Americans in English
Records — Cheyne Walk : China Walk — Bibliography of Publishing and Bookselling — Watches
and Clocks with Words instead of Figures — Twyford Abbey — ' Home, Sweet Home ' : Additional
Verses — G. Rossetti's ' Tre Ragionamenti ' — Ladies' Head-dresses in the Theatre — Gray's (Ek I
its Translations.
NOTES ON BOOKS :— ' Pastoral Poetry and Pastoral Drama'—" The World's Classics"—' The Works
of Ralph Waldo Emerson' — 'On the Spanish Main' — 'Transformation; or, the Romance of
Monte Beni" — 'History of the Liberty of Peterborough' — 'The International Din
Booksellers' — ' French Idioms and Proverbs.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
LAST WEEK'S NUMBER CONTAINS-
NOTES : — Holyoake Bibliography— Anglo-Saxon Names as Surnames — Robert Greci Works —
Sanatorium at Midhurst — Michel Family — Poem by Fielding — Chepstow Castle and Sir Nicholas
Kcmeys — Verify your References — Thiers and the Dosnc Family — Alfonso and Victoria — "Pale
Ale " as a Nickname for Englishmen.
QUERIES: — Jean Nicot — Col. Hugh Forbes — "In a huff'* — Corn-rent — Edonard Pingret — Mountain
Family — "Deployment" — "Nuts in May" — Order of the Royal Oak — Authors of Quotations
Wanted — St. Andrew's, Antwerp — Burner's Theatrical Portraits — Sir William Gordon, Banker
— Shakspcare for Foreigners — Balasore — St. Genius— Direction Post r. Signpost — " Mininin." a
Shell — Miss Meteyard — Banner or Flag — Mary Munday at MullionCove — Gild Churches— Ru-kin
and Taormina.
REPLIES : — Blandina — Dover-Winchester Road — Deeuyper's 'College Alphabet '—West's Picture of
the Death of General Wolfe — " Plane "=Sycamore — Tarot Cards Mr. Bradley's ' Highways and
Byways in South Wales' — Prisoner suckled by his Daughter — Pidgin or Pigeon English — Female
Violinists — Tom Thumb's First Appearance in London — Polytechnic Institution, 1838— Gallie
Surname "Anon'' Chichele's Kin- Heraldic — Coleridge and Newman on Gibbon — Canbury
House, Middlesex Rev. Samuel Marsden, Chaplain of M.S.W.— J. Rampini — Vandeear — The
Babington Conspiracy -Travelling in England, 1600-1700— Earl's Eldest Son and Supporters —
'Century of Persian Ghaeels, 1851' — Donoaster Weather-Rime— Dogs at Constantinople— -Dnke
of Guelderland : Duke of Lorraine— Ralph, Lord Hopt>n -Ropes used at Executions— Abb
Priory -Hafiz, Persian Poet — The Gunnings of Castle Coote.
NOTES ON ROOKS: • Haklnytus Posthumus' -'The King's English "--'The Fool of Qnahty '— ' The
English Histoiii'.il Riview ' — •The Quarterly Review' -'The Burlington Magazine' — Reviews
and Magazines.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRAN< 03,
Note* >m</ Queries Offioe, Bream's Buildings, chancery Lane, E.C. : and of all Newsagents.
FOURTH EDITION, Revised to 1905, NOW READY, fcap. Svo, cloth, price Sixpence.
ASTRONOMY FOR THE YOUNG.
By W. T. LYNN, B.A. F.R.A.S.
London : SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, Limited, 15, Paternoster Row.
N°4103, June 16, 1906
EDWARD STANFORD'S
LIST.
TOURIST SEASON, 1906.
MURRA Y'S HANDBOOKS FOR TRA VELLERS.
" The pioneers in their own particular class."
READY JUNE 20.
MURRAY'S HANDBOOK FOR
IRELAND.
SEVENTH EDITION, thoroughly Revised throughout.
Edited by JOHN COOKE, M.A.
645 pages, 43 Maps and Plans, crown Svo, 9s.
"The very best guide to Ireland." — Freeman's Journal.
THE ATHEN^UM
747
WERNER LAURIE'S
LIST.
MURRAY'S HANDBOOK FOR
SCOTLAND.
EIGHTH EDITION, Remodelled, Enlarged, and
thoroughly Revised.
Edited by SCOTT MONCRIEFF PENNEY, M.A.
590 pp. (thin paper), 57 Maps and Plans,
crown Svo, 10,v. Gd.
"Contains all that the traveller in Scotland requires to
know. "Scotsma a.
MURRAY'S HANDBOOK FOR
SWITZERLAND.
NINETEENTH EDITION, Remodelled and
thoroughly Revised.
With 34 Maps and Plans, 664 pp. (thin paper),
crown Svo, 10*.
"The best Swiss guide-book published in English."
Manchester Guardian.
MURRAY'S HANDBOOK OF
TRAVEL-TALK :
Being a Collection of Questions, Phrases, and
Vocabularies in English, French,
German, and Italian.
NINETEENTH EDITION,
Revised, Augmented, and Brought up to Date, with New
Introductory Section on Pronunciation.
Size 5 in. by S\ by Jin., cloth, rounded corners, 752 pp., thin
paper; weight, 7\ oz., 3s. M.
Prospectus, vilh Specimen Page, gratis.
Complete List of English and Foreign Handbooks,
with Specimen Map and Plan, gratis on application.
READY IMMEDIATELY.
THE HANDY GUIDE TO
NORWAY.
By THOMAS B. WILLSON, M.A.
with Maps and Appendices on History, Fishing, Photo-
graphy, Glacier Climbing, and Cycling ; and full particulars
as to Hotels, Routes, &v.
FIFTH EDITION, thoroughly Revised and Augmented.
296 pp., small post Svo, 6».
1906 EDITION.
TOURISTS' CATALOGUE.
STANFORD'S CATALOGUE of MAPS and
BOOKS for TOUKISTS port free on application.
London: EDWARD STANFORD,
12, 1."?, anrl 14, Long Aero, W.C.
Geographer to His Majesty the King.
Mr. WERNER LAURIE has just published an
important New Novel of Irish Schoolboy Life.
Price Gs.
THE CUBS.
THE CUBS.
By SHAN F. BULLOCK.
By SHAN F. BULLOCK.
LIFE IN THE LAW.
Reminiscences of the Bench, Bar, and Circuit
By JOHN GEORGE WITT, K.C.
Bencher of Lincoln's Inn, formerly Senior Fellow of King's
College, Cambridge.
With Portrait. Crown Svo, 6s. net.
Mr. Witt's tragic death in a London omnibus recently is
probably fresh in the memory of most people. He was a
general favourite, and this very pleasant and readable
volume of his reminiscences during the last forty years will
be welcomed by many. The work is full of personal anec-
dotes of well-known legal luminaries.
THE MUSIC LOVER'S LIBRARY.— Vol. II.
STORIES FROM THE OPERAS.
By GLADYS DAVIDSON.
Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 3*. Gd. net.
A charming series of tales arranged from the Grand
Operas. Few people know the actual stories contained in
the great music (Ira mas of Wagner and others. Most of
them are very beautiful and interesting, and tins volume
contains twenty of the more popular tales, simply written,
and in accordance with the libretto.
Vol. I. CHATS ON VIOLINS. By
OLGA RACSTER. 3s. 6d. net,
MODERN MEDICINE FOR the HOME
By ERNEST WALKER, M.R.CS. L.R.C.P.(Lond.),
Crown Svo, cloth gilt, 2s. Gd.
"A practical, scientific, up-to-date, and popular hand-
book, which ought to be in every home library."
REMINISCENCES OF A COUNTRY
POLITICIAN.
By JOHN A. BRIDGES, J. P. Demy Svo, 8s. Gd. net.
The TIMES says:— "The combination of qualities dis-
played by Mr. Bridges in this pleasant medley of reflections
and recollections is at once piquant and rare."
CATHEDRAL SERIES.— Vol. VI.
THE CATHEDRALS and CHURCHES
of the RHINE & NORTH GERMANY
By T. FRANCIS BUMPUS. 82 Illustrations. Gs. net.
To a great extent this volume is breaking unfamiliar, if
not actually fresh, ground. Chapters are devoted to a
general survey of the church architecture of North Germany,
showing how it developed in the Rhineland, Westphalia,
Saxony, and the Baltic Provinces; and how, in spite of the
religious wars of which she was the theatre for so long a
period subsequent to the breach with Home in the sixteenth
century, Germany has retained the medianal furniture of
her churches more completely than any other country of
Northern Europe.
Tin: book is amply illustrated, and besides the tours
sketched out here and there fur prospective visitors, a map
is provided, indicating the whereabouts of the most
important places alluded to.
THE LIFE OF OSCAR WILDE.
By ROBERT HARBOROUGH SHERARD.
Very fully illustrated, and with Photogravure Frontispiece.
Demy svo, cloth gilt, 12». c,d. net. [Shortbi.
The renewed interest which has been universally awakened
in the public mind, by the appearance of 'De Profundis,1
in the life and work of the late Mr. Oscar Wilde has created
on every side a demand for an authoritative book dealing
with these two subjects. This volume gives the true facts
of his career as a writer, his biography as far as that is
consistent with the due observance of discretion, and nil
account of his literary work in the many fields in which he
so greatly distinguished himself.
THREE NEW NOVELS.-6s. each.
ROWENA. Agnes Giberne.
THE MUMMY AND MISS NITOCRIS.
GEORGE GRIFFITH.
THURTELL'S CRIME. Dick Donovan.
T. WERNER LAURIE, Clifford's Inn, London.
ELLIOT STOCK'S
NEW BOOKS.
In demy Svo, tastef ally printed and bound in cloth,
gilt lettered, price 9s. net.
THE ORIGIN OF THEANGLO-
SAXON RACE. By the late T. W. SHORE,
F.G.S., Author of 'The History of Hamp-
shire. '
"A work of patient and laborious research, it forms a
valuable contribution to the special literature of the anthro-
pology of the English-speaking peoples, and must prove in-
structive to all classes of students interested in the remoter
origin of the national history." — Scotsman.
In fcap. 8vo, cloth gilt, price 3s. 6(/. net.
THE HAMPSTEAD GARNER.
Compiled by " A. M. C." With a Preface by
CLEMENT K. SHORTER.
This little volume, it is to be hoped, will not fail to in-
terest all lovers of nature and of poetry ; for its object is
to bring to their remembrance the praises of the many
poets who, linking the present with the past, have from
time to time graced Hampstead by their presence, or sung
of its beauties in their verse.
NEW NOVEL8.
BY THE AUTHOR OF ' LOTUS OR LAUREL 1y
SECOND EDITION.
In crown 8vo, cloth, gilt lettered, price 6s.
HASTY FR UIT. By Helen
WALLACE, Author of 'The Greatest of
These,' ' Lotus or Laurel?' &c.
"An unusually good book, carefully and restrainedly
written." — Guardian.
"A tale of merit, with fine character, and good but not
insistent moral tone." — Timet.
In crown Svo, cloth, gilt lettered, price 5*.
AMOR VERITAT1S; or, Love of
the Truth. The Baronet's Story. By M.
PENNELL.
In crown 8vo, cloth, price 2s. 6<7. net.
RETURNED WITH THANKS,
and other Short Stories. By Mrs. H. MAX-
WELL PR1DEAUX.
" Will no doubt appeal with a touch of tragedy to those
thousands of amateurs whose works of genius come back
with such painful regularity in envelopes .addressed to their
owners." — Tribune.
"The authoress has the gift of crisp and vivid writing."
Aberdeen Free Press.
NEW VOLUMES OF VERSE.
In fcap. 4to, cloth, gilt edges, price 5s. net.
CRANMER, Primate of All Fng-
land. A Historical Drama. By RALPH RICHARD-
SON.
In crown Svo, cloth, gilt lettered, price Ss. Gd. net .
RADIA; or, New Light on Old
Truths. By ALEC C. MORE.
In crown Svo, cloth, gilt lettered, price 4*'. Gd.
A STORY OF UN REST. A
Drama of Dreams. By B. BURFORD RAWLINGS.
"All through the poem one is struck with the simple
direct, lucid style of the writer. " — Western Morning Newt,
In crown 8vo, cloth, nilt lettered, price is, Gd. net.
REV EL AT 10 DEI; or, the
Eternal Revelation of the Triune God. Bv Rev. BER-
NARD HERKLOTS, M.A.
Crown Svo, cloth, price St. fxf. net.
THE TREASURE OF THE
SEA. A Booh of Verse. By STANLEY GERALD
DUNN.
"Mr. Dunn's work has freshneM and brightness, It
contains much that is sincerely felt, and well worked nut
into capable and rhythmical verse ." Daily \rirs.
"There is a good deal <>f poetical merit, and h.vers of
verse will lind much to delight Ihein in Mr. Dunn's pieces."
I.ainnnn.
ELLIOT stock.
62, Paternoster How, London, K.c.
: [8
Til E A Til KNTKUM
N 4)(tt, .Jim: Hi, 1906
NATURE GIFT BOOKS.
1:1 \i>\ l.N .M LY,
EVERY BOYS BOOK OF BRITISH
NATURAL HISTORY.
A Complete Guide to British Wild Life and Nature-Photography.
Bj \v. ri-:i:< ivai. WESTELL, F.R.H.S. M.B.O.U.
\\ uli i.i Plates reproduced from Photographs i iken « Ith a Home ma4e Camera
bj the Rei 8 N. Bl DOW1CK.
witii an Introduction by the night Bon. LOBD \\ BBUBT.
Large crown s\o, cloth gilt, 8«. tkl.
HOME LIFE IN BIRD-LAND.
Bj OLIVER <;. l'IKK, Author of ■ Woodland, Field, and Shore.'
l)ein\ Bvo, cloth jilt, 824 pages, Illustrated with i Coloured Plates and over SO other
Illustrations from Photographs taken direct from Wild Nature by the Author, 6«. net.
The GLOBE says :- "It is a delightful volume."
SCOTSMAN Bays :— " It is a charmingly illustrated hook."
FOCUS aa.ys: "Those who have tried the fascinating and somewhat difficult art of
natural history photograph] will be better able to appreciate the excellent work accom-
plished by this enthusiastic worker. The hook will be found delightful reading."
The CHRISTIA N WORLD Bays : — " It is a book to be read and treasured for frequent
futon rending,"
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
WOODLAND, FIELD, AND SHORE.
Wild Nature Depicted with Pen and Camera.
By OLIVER (i. l'IKK, Author of ' Homo Life in Bird-Land,' &c
With 2 Coloured Plates and 101 Kngra\ ingsof Birds, Animals, and Insects from Photographs
taken direct from Nature by the Author. Crown Bvo, cloth gilt, 88. (id.
The Sl'ECTA TOR says :— " It is a very pretty boek."
The ATllES.Et.u says :— "It is admirable.1'
The WESTMINSTER GAZETTE Bays :— " All his illustrations are excellent."
A BEAUTIFUL GIFT BOOK BY FRANK T. BULLKN, F.R.G.S.,
Author of 'The Cruise of the Cachalot,' ' With Christ at Sea,' &<•.
CREATURES OF THE SEA.
Being the Life Stories of some Sea-Birds, Beasts, and Fishes.
Second Edition, 434 pages. Large crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 'i
With 4" Illustrations by THEODORE CARRKRAS.
»■. 6«/.
The SPECTATOR says:— "Mr. Buskin would certainly have rejoiced in Mr. Bullen's
delightful collection of marine life-histories, informed as they are with knowledge and
illumined by the creative imagination of the poet."
The MORNING POST says:— "Mr. Bullen's hook has a freshness that holds the
reader."
The DAILY NEWS says :— " We scarcely knew how thrilling the life-history of the
sea monsters could be till we read these restrained but intensely illuminating descriptions'!
It is s delightful book."
The CHURCH TIMES says :— " We read every page with interest and enjoyment."
RAMBLES WITH NATURE STUDENTS.
By Mrs. BRIGHTWEN, Autlior of 'Wild Nature Won by Kindness,' &c.
With 180 Illustrations. New Edition. Large crown Svo, cloth gilt, 2& 6tl.
The AC A DEMY says: "It is an admirable little guide for all who are weary of 1 nicks
and mortar."
The QUEEN says:— "It is so clear and bright in style that the discussion of common
flints or animal footmarks is invested with considerable charm."
THE BROOK AND ITS BANKS.
By the Rev. .1 G. WOOD.
With many Illustrations. Imperial ltjino, cloth, gilt edges, 0,s.
The SCOTSMAN says: "It is a charmingly written series of chapters in natural
history. A reader of the book will be instructed u il hout knowing it.''
The QUEEN says : " It will form an admirable present for the young.''
The SPECTATOR says: "A nicer book for boys than this it would be haul to
imagine."
HOW TO STUDY WILD FLOWERS.
By Rev. GEORGE IIKNSKOW. M.A. F.L.S., &0.,
Author of ' Plants of the Bible.'
Willi many Illustrations. Crown Svo, cloth gilt, is. (id.
NATURE -THROUGH MICROSCOPE AND
CAMERA.
By RICHARD KERB
\ hi hoi of 'Nature, Curiotu and Beautiful,' ' Bidden i
With 61 I'hoio Mi, i..gi aphs 1, J AIM III I: I -Ml I II
i>i <.. snis Wooiiin i < Pathology at 0
many collections of mlcro-photOfrraphs, and I hi
here delineated, but uevei before have I full} re
object* themselves oi the possibilities bound up in U
bare i D reprodui ed, aucl so rendered accessible to others than Ue.<
the microscope."
NATURE, CURIOUS AND BEAUTIFUL.
By RICHARD KERR, F.G.R I ■'. r
with -'a Illustrations from Drawings an ule by the Author. Crown
The SCHOOLMASTER says: "It is wonderful a* a fain I
The WESTMINSTER GAZETTE Bays: " It i- a fas. -mating L
Demj
i
li.
:■ ~ •■]■:
1 h\
BJSj ho
HIDDEN BEAUTIES OF NATURE.
By RICHARD KERR, f.O.S.
With SO Illustrations from .Sketches and Photographs. New Edition. <
cloth gilt, is. i*l.
The DA II. Y TELEGRA I'll satys : " It is a irbsfc that cannot be read b] I ny Nature-
lover without genuine pleasure."
GREAT THOUGHTS says :— " For a prize or gift-book it is just the I
THE MIDNIGHT SKY :
Familiar Notes on the Stars and Planets.
ByEDWlN DUNKIN, F.H.s. F.R.A-.
Past President of the Royal Astronomical Society, late Chief AM
( observatory, Greenwich.
With M Star Maps, and numerous other Illustrations. Imperial -
Thomas Caki.vi.i-; said of the first edition of this book : -"Those little m p~ of the
starry spaces far surpass, in clearness and useful worth, all I have seen before in the plani-
sphere way ; no reader but by help of them may find, with a minimum of trouble, the
he seeks .. .Why did not somebody teach me the constellations too, and make me at home
in the starry heavens which are always overhead, and which I don't half know to this day
CONSIDER THE HEAVENS.
A Popular Introduction to Astronomy.
By Mrs. WILLIAM STEADMAN ALDI&
With many Illustrations. Crown sv,^ cloth gilt. It
THE MICROSCOPE.
A Popular Handbook.
By LEWIS WRIGHT,
Author of • Optical Projection,' ' Light : a Course of Experimental < f\
With Illustrations. New Edition. Crown 8VO, cloth gilt. 2*. U.
The TIMES says:— "Mr. Wright's practical suggestions will be of great value, not
alone to beginners."
THROUGH A POCKET LENS.
By HENRY SCHERREN, F.Z.S.
New Edition, profusely illustrated. Cloth gilt, 1*. (ki. net.
The FIELD Bays: — "It is an exceedingly useful book, in which the powers of the
pocket lens have not been exaggerated, We cannot imagine a more useful preliminary
training for a young student than working with a pocket lens through the course indicated
by the author."
PONDS AND ROCK POOLS.
With Hints on Collecting for, and the Management of the Micro-
Aquarium.
By HKXK , SCHERREN.
with DlustratiohB. Cloth gilt. if. C*f.
The ACADEMY says; "it is a history of most of the inhabitants of ponds and sea-
pools which are likely to fall under the notice of a young biological student.''
POPULAR NATURAL HISTORY OF THE
LOWER ANIMALS. (Invertebrates.)
By HENRY SCHERREN, F.Z.&
With 109 Illustrations. Crown s\o, cloth gilt.
The MORNING POST says: "it gives in simple language many details concerning
the structure and habits of ' bnckbpneless animals. The text is profuseh illustrated, and
altogether the publication is a practical elementary treatise ( n the invertebrates,"
THE RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY, 4, Bouverie Street, E.C.
Editorial Commwiloationi stiouM be n Ldresse 1 to "THE EDITOR"— Advertisements and Business Letters to "THF. PUBLISHERS '— al the office. Bream's Buildings, Chancsxj Un i
Published Weekly bj John 0. fRAHOIfl and ■'. EDWARD fi; UiCIB at Bream's Buildings, Obancerj Lane, E.O., and Printed by J. EDWARD ri;.\M Is. atbenaum Press, Breaml Buildings. Chancer* Lane, E.C.
Agents for Scotland, Messrs. 1:1:1.1. .v BRADPUTE and Mi. JOHN mkn/.iks, Edinburgh.-. Saturday ,1 uuc 10, 190«.
THE ATHEN^UM
Itountal of (Bnglisb antt Jfomgn f itoatnr*, ^rmta>, l\t Jmt ^rts^^Tmi^lB^ama
No. 4104.
SATURDAY, JUNE 23, 1906.
ATEW ROYALTY THEATRE, W.— FRIDAY,
IN June 29, at :i, SAMUEL ARTHUR KING. M.A.. ill his
RECITAL of SOLILOQUIES from SHAKESPEARE'S PLAYS, and
Mr WILLIAM POEL'S HALF-HOUR COMEDIES. Seats at the
Theatre and Libraries. "If we could restore the soliloquy, give
patience to the audience to listen to it, and the actor elocution to
speak; it a great revival would be seen in the British Drama. -Mils.
(Siljtbitions.
EXHIBITION of important PAINTINGS by
MANET from the Fame Collection at Messrs. SULLEY & CO.'s
GALLERIES. 159. New lioud Street, DAILY (JUNE 13-301, 10-5.
Admission Is., including Catalogue.
WALKER'S GALLERY, 118, New Bond
Street.— ON VIEW JUNE 11 to JUNE 30 inclusive. WATER-
COLOUR DRAWINGS ami PENCIL AND CHARCOAL SKETCHES
^»y the Old Water-Colour Artists. DAVID COX, COTMAN, HAVELL,
VARLEY, &c. Open from 10 to 6 ; Saturday 10 to 5.
0
BACH & CO., 168, New Bond Street, W.
EXHIBITION of PICTURES liy
FRENCH AND DUTCH MASTERS of the XlXth CENTURY
NOW OPEN.
ALPINE CLUB, Mill Street, Conduit Street.—
Large DECORATIVE PANELS by J. KERR LAWSON are
tieing EXHIBITED by Messrs. CARFAX & CO. every day from
10 till 6. Admission One Shilling.
WILLIAM BLAKE.— EXHIBITION of
PAINTINGS and WATER COLOURS, the largest ever
brought together in England, ut CARFAX GALLERY, •.!■!, Bury
Street, St. James's, 10 till 6. Admission One Shilling
OLD BRITISH SCHOOL.— SHEPHERD'S
SPRING EXHIBITION includes choice Landscapes and Por-
traits by the Masters of the Old British School of Painting.
SHEPHERDS GALLERY. 27, King Street, St. James's Square.
THE NEW ENGLISH ART CLUB.
36th EXHIBITION of MODERN PICTURES, OPEN DAILY,
10 to fi. at the GALLERIES in DERING YARD, 67j, New Bond
Street, W. Admission Is.
LIFFORD'S INN HALL.
FRIDAY CLUB EXHIBITION.
WORKS OF ART, ANCIENT AND MODERN.
OPEN DAILY from 10 to 6 till JULY 7.
Catalogues One Shilling.
c
(Btmcaiianal.
ST. PAUL'S GIRLS' SCHOOL,
BROOK GREEN, W.
An EXAMINATION for FOUNDATION SCHOLARSHIPS, open
to Girls under 10 years of age. will be held at the SCHOOL on
JULY 10, 11, and 12. which will exempt the Scholars from payment of
Tuition Fees.— Further particulars may be obtained from the HEAD
MISTRESS of the School.
UN
IVERSITY OF OXFORD.
DELEGACY FOR THE TRAINING OF SECONDARY
TEACHERS.
SCHOLARSHIP FOR V.KXi-7.
The DELEGATES offer a SCHOLARSHIP of the value of 25J. for
the Academical Year 1906-7.
The Scholarship is tenable by R Woman who slialt have taken
Honours at a British University, and who is in need of pecuniary
tencc for her Course oi Professional Training, she will be
expected to take the Full Course of Training under the Delegacy.
Applications, with full particulars, must be sent in to the Tutor of
Women Students. Miss A. .1. ( OOPER, 22, St. John Street, Oxford,
sot later than JULY in. v.m.
V. PERRONET SELLS. Secretary to the Delegacy.
Old Clarendon Building. Oxford, June 11. 1906.
u
NIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER
AND
MANCHESTER ROYAL INFIRMARY.
ENTRANCE MEDICAL SCHOLARSHIPS.
TWO SCHOLARSHIPS are offered, One for proficiency in ARTS
mil One for proficiency in SCIENCE.
Bach Scholarship is of the value of 100/., and the successful
■Candidates will be required to enter for the full Medical Curriculum
;in the University and the infirmary.
The Scholarships will be awarded to Candidates who five evidence
.of a high standard of proficiency in Arts or Science respectively.
—Applications should be sent, on or before JULY 1. to the
REGISTRAR, from whom further particulars may be obtained.
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE of NORTH WALES,
BANGOR. (A Constituent College of the University of Wales |
Principal M.R REICHEL. MA. LL.I). NEXT SESSION BEGINS
OCTOBERS, Hs»i. The i ollege Courses are arranged with refi
to the Degrees of the University of Wales; they include most •>! the
. the B.Sc Degree of the London University. Students
may pursue their first year of Medical Study at the College, There
are Special Departments f"i Agriculture (including Forestry) and
Electrical Engineering, a Day Training Department for Men and
Women, and ■ Department f"> tie Training of Secondary and Kinder-
garten Teachers. Sessional Fee for ordinary Arts ionise. iu. i«. ;
ditto for Intermediate Science or Medical Course, lot. ISs. The cost
■ it living in lodginri- in Bangoi averages from 201 to 801 for the Session
There Is s Hall of Residence for VI en Students Pec Thirty
Gull - t"i the Session At the ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIP
i;\ \M t: NATION held iii s KPT EM II Kit n ■ than Twenty Scholat
•■hips and Exhibitions, ranging In value from tm. t'i KM , will be open
■i on For further Information and copiai "t the various
Prosper t uses iinplj t<>
JOHN EDWARD LIiOl D, MA, ate ,,t,,> and Registrar,
THE GOVERNORS OF THE
pERSE SCHOOL, CAMBRIDGE,
Desire to call attention to the advantages offered
by this SCHOOL,
Which Prepares
BOYS FOR THE UNIVERSITIES, AND FOR
PROFESSIONAL AND COMMERCIAL CAREERS.
Under the Head Mastership of Dr. Rouse efforts have
been made to improve on the ordinary methods of Teaching.
Of the distinctive features of the School Work the following
may be specially mentioned :—
(1) Improved Teaching of the Classics, resulting in a
great saving of time.
(2) Spoken French and German.
(3) Teaching of English and English Literature in all
the Classes.
(4) A carefully graded Science Course.
(5) Drawing leading up to the Engineering Tripos.
The work of the Preparatory School is also specially
suited for Candidates for the Navy.
A Detailed Account of the Work of the School has been
drawn up, and may, together with the ordinary Prospectus,
be had of the Clerk to the Governors,
J. F. EADEN, Esq.,
15, SIDNEY STREET, CAMBRIDGE.
WESTMINSTER SCHOOL.— An EXAMINA-
TION will be held on JUNE 27. 28, and 29, to fill
VACANCIES in SCHOLARSHIPS and EXHIBITIONS.— For par-
ticulars apply by letter to the BURSAR, The Bursary, Little Dean's
Yard, Westminster.
THE DOWNS SCHOOL, SEAFORD, SUSSEX.
Head Mistress- Miss LUCE ROBINSON, M. A. (late Second Mis-
tress St. Felix School, Southwoldl. References: The Principal of
Bedford College, London ; The Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge.
pHURCH EDUCATION CORPORATION.
CHERWELL HALL. OXFORD.
Training College for Women Secondary Teachers. Principal, Miss
CATHERINE I. DODD, M.A., late Lecturer in Education at the
University of Manchester.
Students are nromred for the Oxford Teacher's Diploma, the
Cambridge Teachers Certificate, the Teacher's Diploma of the
University of London, and the Higher Froebel Certificate
Full particulars on application.
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate Information relative <vo
the CHOICE of SCHOOLS for BOYS or CURLS or
TUTORS in England or abroad
are Invited to call uj«in or send f till v detailed particulars to
MESSRS. QABBITAS, TURING & CO.,
who for more than thirty years have been closely in touch with Che
lending Educational Establishments.
Advice, free of charge, is given by Mr. THRING, Nephew of th«
late Head Master of Uppingham. 36, Sackvillc Street, Loudon, W.
Situations Vacant,
Q.UY'8 HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL.
Applications are invited for the post of DEMONSTRATOR of
CHEMISTRY.
Duties to con nee on SEPTEM HER 24. mot!.
Applications, with copies of Testimonials, should lie sent to the
TREASURER, the Superintendent's Office, Guy's Hospital, on or
before SATURDAY July 7. 1908.
Particulars as to the duties, remuneration, &c, may be obtained
from the DEAN. Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, s.E.
u
NIVERSITY
OF
GLASGOW.
I HAIR OF HUMANITY.
The UNIVERSITY court of the UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW
will. *n JULY 19, or some subsequent date, proceed to appoint n
PROFESSOR to occupy tl hove Chair, which is now raoant.
The Professor will !«■ required to enter on his duties on Octo-
ber i. 1906, from which ilate the appointment will take effect.
The normal Salary of the post is lived by Ordinance at i.ooo/.
The chair has an Official Kcsidenos attached to it.
The appointment is made ad tritom an( culuam, and oarriei with St
the right tos pension on conditions proscribed by Ordinance.
i ■ n Applli ant should lodge with the undersigned, who will furnish
any further information desired, twenty copies of his application anil
twentj conies ol any Testimonials be may desire to submit on oi
before .'l I. Y 7. 1908.
ALAN E. CLAPPERTON,
star) ol tin Glasgow Dnlvei
91, Witt Regent Street Glasgow
PRICE O//
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
Ye^»l^rSuVac^ii>ipi?, f$ee ,fcy post, Inland,
15s. 3(LpRotwgnr-18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
T7"HEDIVIAL SCHOOL OF LAW, CAIRO.
LAW LECTURESHIP.
The EGYPTIAN MINISTRY of EDUCATION invites applications
for the post of LECTURER in the ENGLISH SECTION of the
KHEDIV1AL SCHOOL of LAW, CAIRO Salary Bl«., rising to 820J.
Candidates must he University Men, having either a Law Degree or
other Legal Qualification, and must have some knowledge of French.
The successful applicant will lie required in the first instance to
Lecture (in English! on Roman Law.
Applications, stating age and qualifications, and accompanied by
copies only of Testimonials, to lie sent before JULY" 14, 190tj, to
DOUGLAS DUNLOP. Esq., Gullane, East Lothian to whom Can-
didates may apply by letter for further information.
THE VICTORIA
NIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER.
U
The COUNCIL is about to appoint a LECTURER in ENGLISH
LANGUAGE. — The detailed conditions of appointment may he
obtained from the REGISTRAR.
COLLEGE, BRISTOL.
TTNIVERSITY
The COUNCIL invite applications for the post of LECTURER in
MATHEMATICS. Commencing salary 140?. per annum.
Full particulars may be obtained on application.
JAMES RAFTER, Registrar.
T
HE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL.
ASSISTANT LECTURESHIP IN HISTORY.
The COUNCIL invite applications for the vacant ASSISTANT
LECTURESHIP in HISTORY. Salary VM. per annum.
Full particulars can be obtained from the REGISTRAR, to whom
applications should be sent not later than ,1 ULY' 10.
M
INISTRY OF EDUCATION, EGYPT.
HEAD MASTERSHIP.
A HEAD MASTER for the largest SECONDARY SCHOOL in
CAIRO, under the Ministry of Education, will be required in
OCTOBER NEXT. Salary tils!.— H2n{. per annum.
Head Master's House, newly built, close to the School. Allowance
for passage out to Egypt. Summer Vacation not less than Two
Months.
Skiff, of which English University Men form a large part, numbers
over 40.
Applicants should he laymen, between 30 and 40 years of age.
Application, with statement of age, Honours at School and
University, and of experience in teaching, accompanied by copies of
Testimonials, to lie sent before JUNE. 'in, 1«CW. to DOUGLAS DUNLOP,
Esq., Gullane. Haddingtonshire, to whom Egyptian Candidates may
apply by letter for further information.
WILLIAM JONES'S GRAMMAR SCHOOL,
MONMOUTH.
HEAD MASTERSHIP.
The GOVERNING BODY of the above SCHOOL invite applications
for the post of HEAD MASTER, who must be a Graduate of some
University in the United Kingdom.
The School is conducted under a scheme of the Charity Com-
missioners dated February 23, 1891, and is a First-tirade School of
modern tvpe. There are suitable Buildings for the reception of
300 Boys.
The School bus a classical and Commercial side, and the Curriculum
embraces every Subject comprised in the highest class of Education,
including Subjects proper to be taught in a Public Secondary School.
The Emoluments of the Head Master consist of a Residence free of
Rent, Rates, and Taxes, with accommodation for 40 Boarders* and a
fixed Stipend of 2007. per annum ; also of Capitation Payments of 41.
per annum for each Roy up to the number of 7.ri, and of M, per annum
for each Boy above that number, and the profit* arising from
Boarders.
There are Thirty Scholarships tenable n the School, and Twelve
Exhibitions to any University or other place of higher education in
the United Kingdom.
The duties will commence In SEPTEMBER NEXT.
Candidates for the appointment must send in their applications,
together with twenty copies of Printed Testimonials and the names
of not more than three Persons to whom reference mavis- made, on
or before JULY 7. 1908, to Mr. ARTHUR VIZARD, Clerk to the
Governors, Monmouth, from whom Forms of Application and further
information may be obtained.
OUNTY BOROUGH OF CROYDON.
C
EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
SECONDARY school for girls, south NORWOOD
The COMMITTEE Invite applications for the poll of HEAD
M [STRESS of the above SCHOOL.
The Si I l is :i Secondary School under the Regulations of the
Board of Education, but is at present attended only oy Scholars who
intend to become Teachers ill Public Element arv Schools, oi whom
then are about 200.
Applicants should have a University Degree or its equivalent, and
must have had experience in ;i good Secondary Bchool.
Salary, 2501, per annum
The appointment will date from SEPTEMBER l 1908, and
particulars of duties can be obtained from the undersigned.
Applications should be made on theOfficial Form, to beobtainsd
from the clerk to the Education Committee. Katharine street.
Croydon, to whom they must be returned not later than to o'clock on
SATURDAY, July 7. 1908, accompanied by copies of at least Thiov
Testimonials ol recent dalx JAMES SMYTH, ' lerk
May 29, 1906.
0 V Til W E S T E K N POLY I ECHNJ C,
M WKKSA ROAD. CHELSEA.
The GOVERNING U"UY invite applications for the position of
FORM MASTER foi SEPTEMBER in the SKCONDAR1 DAT
SCHOOL fm BOYS and GIRLS The usual Form Subjects. Con
mem ing Salai ]
Forms oi application (which must be returned bj 10 v w. on
it m: 271, and iiiitbei particular*, may be obtained from the.
ARY.
s
750
THE ATHKXjTCUM
NMloi, Jdhe23, 1006
I)
Ki:i;\ SHIRK KDUCA I ION < o\i\n Mil
IIKIIM CENTR1 t"lt OIRLS
An
I
Apl'll. itll
• lib epic of II. '
.'I I \ II to II,. II
II KM' Ml
l' INT M IMTI I
, i dm. .1. .ill,.] in English
ind sxperie i"-< thei
sliotlhl Ih- m III. beflll •■
UUCA1 ION lOBtlou
B
RISTOL EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
I \ii;i ill D -l I ONDABi (MIXED » BOOl
\\ INTER I amenoe duties ifter the BUMMER VAl ITION. ■
i i MISTRESS d uualificatioiu In Botany, in addition
r.l in ii r Eng li-li Subject* H ,1 in MM irtth annual I menU
to ii"' per nun, 1 1, i In i ilculatlng the initial Salary. • i ■ -. 1 1 1 » ill
D foi half length of service in a Secondary 8chool approved by
i I rtl of Education. Fractions of a real will be disregarded,
For mi of Application, which must be returned an or bei
TIII'KSIiAY. June «, 1008, nun lie obtained bv sending a stamped.
addi -.1 foolscap envelu|ie to the 8E( KIT UlY, education Offices,
Guildhall, Bristol.
Jam is, lwti.
CITY OF SHEFFIELD EDUCATION
. OMMITTBB
PUPII.teai HER CENTRE
SENIOR I'KFM II MISTRESS, Graduate oi equivalent, qualified
t-> teach Studenti -:>■. Elementary, Matriculation,
Intermediate Aits Standard. Residence abroad reqolalte. Balarj
1901, per annum.
Forms of Application, which may be had ,>n application to the
undermentioned. *h. nil.l he returned not later than JUNE 29, 1908.
Education OiB< •■. BheBeld, June 8, 1908,
i NO. r. MOSS, Secretary.
CITY 0 F s it E F FIEL D,
EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
TRAINING COLLEGE rOB TEACHERS.
The SHEFFIELD EDUCATION COMMITTEE will require, in
SEPTEMBER NEXT the following TUTORS tor the TRAINING
( OLLEGE for TE \< HERS
assistant MISTRESS of METHOD. -who mod hold the Higher
Froebel Certificate, and maj be required to help with the teaching of
French. Salan loot, resident
ASSISTANT MALE TUTOR in MATHEMATICS, offering
French :i. b Bubeidiary subject. Salary 1701., Don-resident.
LAD1 TUTOB In history and GEOGRAPHY. Salary lOO?.,
resident.
LAHY tutor in NEEDLEWORK, who wiU help the Principal in
the Clerical Work of the College, and who may be required to take
buiiu- French as ■ labsidiary subject. Salary 120c,, Don-resident.
Forms of Application, which may be had on application to the
undersigned, should be returned nol later than .July 2. uiotj.
Personal canvassing will disqualify Candidates.
JNO. F. Moss. Secretary.
Education Office. Sheffield. June 20. 1906.
LEAMINGTON MUNICIPAL DAY SCHOOL
FOR GIRLS ANIi P. T. CENTRE.
WANTED, to commence duties in SEPTEMBER NEXT, a
MISTRESS f..r MODERN LANGUAGES. High-School Education
and Degree [or equivalent qualification) are essential. Commencing
Salary \iill I.,' at the rate of HOI. per annum (non-resident).
Applications, with. o pies Of three Testimonials, endorsed "Appoint-
iii«-iit of Modern Language Mistress," should be sent, not later than
SATURDAY, dune 30. to the DIRECTOR of EDUCATION. Avenue
Road. Leamington Spa.
LEO. RAWLIN80N, clerk to the Education Authority.
Dated thin -Jotti day of June. 1906.
w
EST SUFFOLK EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
SCHOOL OP ART.
Application! are invited for tlie post of ART MASTER for the
M ii'ioL of ART at BURY ST. EDMUNDS. The successful Candi-
date will be expected t,> give his whole time to the service of the
Committee, and to take Day and Evening 'Work. Commencing Salary
90OI. per annum, with annual Increments to 9501.
Travelling [locomotion) expenses, and an allowance if out on County
Business for the night, will also be granted.
Applications to be made on or before JULY 7, 1 90S, on a Form to
l>e ..Stained from the undersigned on receipt of stamina!, addressed
foolscap envelope,
FRED. R. HUGHES, County Education Secretary.
B, Crown Street. Bury St. Edmunds.
QHIPLEY URBAN DISTRICT EDUCATION
r-J COMMITTEE.
SCHOOL OP ART.
An ASSISTANT MASTER is REQUIRED for the SCHOOL of
ART at the SHIPLEY TECHNICAL SCHOOL. Salary 601. to so;.
per annum, according to qualifications and experience. — Further
particulars may be obtained from the undersigned, to whom applica-
tions, stating age, giving full particulars of qualifications and teaching
experience, and enclosing copies of three Testimonials, should be sent.
not later than JULY 7.
YV. POPPLESTONE, Secretary.
Education Office. Shipley. June 18, 1906.
ANLEY MUNICIPAL SCHOOL OF ART.
H
Application! are Invited for the position of assistant MASTER
at tile above-named SCHOOL. Salary 1601. per annum. The duties
t mmence on SEPTEMBER l NEXT. The Session lasts about
■in weeks. Candidates must hold the Art Mastei ■ Certificate. Group 1.
i ace will be given to one who has specialised In Modelling.
The Candidate appointed to the position will be required to devote
U days. Including Saturday Afternoon, and Ii Evenings, to his
duties. He will be required to assist In the general management of
the School, and to gil B SUCh Lectures as the" Head Master may desire.
Applications statins, age, qualifications, teaching experience
(number of the Art Masters Certificate!, with not more than three
recent Testimonials, endorsed "Assistant Master," to he sent, on 01
before JUNE so, p.HXi, to
ARTHUR CIIALLINOR, Secretary.
Town Hall. Hartley.
OUNTY BOROUGH OF WEST HAM.
C
MUNICIPAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE.
The. council invite applications for the following appointmenti :—
A LADY qualified to teach SHORTHAND and BOOK KEEPING
to Girls preparing for Commercial Life. Salary 8M. per annum.
rising by annual Increments Of I0J. to I maximum of 100/. i>er
annum
A JUNIOR MALE ASSISTANT in the SCHOOL of ART. qualified
t , teach Design. Salary 1101., rising bj an annual Increment of 101. to
B maximum of 1901, per annum.
Particulars of duties. Ac can be obtained on sending a fully
addressed foolscap envelope to the PRINCIPAL, Municipal Technical
Institute. Romford Road. West Ham. K.
All applications must be Iodised with the Principal before noon,
JUNE SB, 1906.
By Order of the Council,
FRED, E. H1LLEAKY. Town Cle-k.
June 9, 1906.
Q
l m\ E1LSITY 01
0LD8MH H8' I 0LLEGE, NKW I ft
DEPABTMEVT POl TDK ti'.aimng Of 'U.A'iii
A TEA! mi! i mi g|< hill tun.- »ill shortly be appointed at a
I FoiTii of Appll. ati-ii mart*
I I II, •• WARDEN o I.mltl I
A I'ldi. -it P.M-. on tl, form, must ' ■ than
Till ItsHAV. Jul)
Mi: I ROPOLITA N BOROUG il 0 I
st PARI
PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
The COUNCIL ,,f the METRO POUT AS BOROl (.11 oi 91 Pi
t'RAS inviti i for the following A|q*>lntnimU
\ i ii iff assist im
ann, mi. rising by annual Increments of 10J to 1601. pel anmnB-
Previous experience In Uhrarj Work Is essential
Ifcl A SENIOR AS81S, iNT. age | of M l-r
annum, rising b] annual increments ol "' 10s to 1001 pet annum
Previous experience In Uhrarj w,.ik , tiki Exiwrienee m Library
\\<>ik being equal preferesoc will be given in this appointment to
I andidates will, s knowledge ,,t Shorthand and Type writing
\ ii NIoH UIHIbTANT at a salary of *"' par armunx rising by
annual Increments of U. to 801. par annum. Preference will Ik given
in this appointment to well-educated yOUthl and alsmt P.
wl,., have recently lefl • bool.
AppUcations must be made on f onus to be obtained front the Town
(i.-ik. Town Hall. I'm, la- Road, N \\\, must is- sent to the under-
signed not later than FRIDAY, July <;. and accompanied by copies
Iwhich will not 1^ retumedl ol three Testimonials ••( n
and he endorsed cither ''Chief Assistant," "Senior Assistant.' or
" Junior Assistant,
Personal canrassing « ill i„- considered s disqualification.
. II F. BARRETT, Town Clerk.
The Town Hall, I'ancras Road, N.W., June IK, 1906.
BOOKSELLER WANTED.— A thoroughly
competent and up-to-date Bookaallar t,, take charge of the
Ordering Department of a large West-End Firm. State full par-
ticulars iimi Salary required.— Write to Box 193S, Willim.-
Stran.l. W.C.
BOOKSELLER. — FIRST ASSISTANT
WANTED for a highclass West-End Busineaf, with a thorough
knowledge of standard and Current Literature. A good oi>eninir tor a
capable and energetic man- state age, experience, and salary required
to X. Y. /... Box 1839, Willing s. 126, Strand. W.C.
ASSISTANT LIBRARIANS REQUIRED at
once by a large West-End Firm. Those who have had experi-
ence in dealing with Post orders preferred, state age, experience,
and where previously employed. — Write IJox 1934, Witling's, ISO,
Strand. W.C.
Situations Wlmttb.
ANTED, by a LADY, age 27, a post as
PRIYATE SECRETARY, either for Half or Whole Day.
Has had experience in several directions. Can do Type-WTitilW.
References call he given. — Address Miss ADAM, 43, Biddulph
Mansions, Elgin Avenue, W.
w
iKisttllaiwotts.
A N OPENING occurs for a GENTLEMAN (not
Xi. over 25 years of age) of sound education and Literary tastes to
obtain TRAINING under a well-known LONDON EDITOR.
Premium 1007.— Address, in first instance, to ElluOUffOf , Box 1824,
Willing's, 126, Strand, W.C.
TO AUTHORS and PUBLISHERS.— A well-
known CAMBRIDGE MAN, M.A., is open to ADVISE
AUTHORS. Revise Copy or Proofs, &c. Highest references.— Address
M., Box 1039, Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream's Buildings, E.C.
SEARCHES at BRITISH MUSEUM and other
LIBRARIES in English, French, Flemish. Dutch. German, and
Latin. Seventeen years' experience. — J. A. RANDOLPH, ISB,
Alexandra Road, Wimbledon, S.W.
A PARTY of FIFTEEN WOMEN STUDENTS,
J. V or ethers, wishing to visit London, can be RECEIVED at
WINKWORTH HALL. BRONDESBURY (Residence for students
of the Maria Grey Training College', from J ULY' 3 to 16. Fees. 21s. per
Week.— Apply to the WARDEN.
T
f&Wt-WviUvs, &t.
YPE-WRITING, 9<7. per 1,000 words. Trans-
lations.—w. T. CURTIS, 10. Haringey Park. Crouch End, N.
TYPE-WRITING of all descriptions WANTED
by LADT (Royal Bar-lock Machine). Work carefully done and
promptly returned. 10/. 1,000 words.— Miss BRIDGES. Parsonage,
Rudgwick.
TYPE-WRITING.— MSS., SCIENTIFIC, and
of all Descriptions, COPIED. Special attention to work
requiring care. Dictation Rooms (Shorthand or Type-YVriting).
Usual terms— Misses K. B. and I. FARRAN, Doningtou House, 30,
Norfolk Street, Strand, London.
TYPE-WRITING undertaken by highly educated
Women [Classical Tripos; Cambridge Higher Local; Modern
Languages). Research, Revision, Translation. Dictation Room.—
THE CAMBRIDGE TYPEWRITING AGENCY. 10. Duke Street.
Adelphi. W.I'.
TYPE-WRITING, 9d. per 1,000 words. All
kinds Of MSS , STORIES, PLAYS. Ac. accurately TYPED.
Carbons, id. |sr 1,000, Best references.— M. KING 7, Corona Villas,
Pinner Boad, Harrow.
AUTHORS' MSS. , NOV ELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
ESSAYS TYPEWRITTEN with complete accuracy M. per
1,000 words. Gloat Carlson Copies guaranteed. References to well-
known Writers.— M. STUART. Thirlliank Koxborough Koad. Harrow
TYPE- WRITING, Literary, at SIXPENCE per
1,000 Words. Carbons :W. per LO00. (Perfect Remiugtonl.—
Miss I, SOMERSET. 10, Coptic Street. London, W.C.
AUTHORS' MSS., 9tf. per 1,000 words.
SERMONS. PLAYS. ENVELOPES, and all kinds carefully
TYPED at home (Remington). (Jo.sl paper, orders promptly axe
cited— M. L. L. 7, Vernou Road ; now known as 13, Edgeley Road.
Olapharn, s.w. -,
N
ilctospnpfr AqcntG.
i: w - p a I- i; R
BOUGH i. BOLD
'
kll', i
•i'HK ISM
I' R o I' i: B 1 I i: B
PPLOD WITH
■ I
odrrtAken.
/ \ Mill II I.I.I. .'. CO., .•
\i..
MJgal '. ». Ac Usrd
I Snow Hill i
Catalogues.
II
H PEACH, 87, Be
ITAl ■■'•' I -
to II.-»k •
graphs. Early Printil
interesting Early I.r
-
R
K M
1> E
GAY 4 BIRD
Hal nig pur- b;is.-.| many \'olumes, including
ART. BIOOBAPHT, TRA\EU POLITICAL BOOEOlsT, tc..
Published hy MA'MILLAN 4 00 . are offering them »t low i-rioea.
CATALOGUE POST 1*1
GAY it BIRD. 22, Bedford 8treet. London.
LEIGHTON'8
TLLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of EARLY
X PRINTED and other l.NTE! 'KS, MANUSCRIPTS.
and BINDINGS.
OFFERED FOR SALE BY
J. & J. LEIGIITON, 40, Brewer Street, Golden .Square. W.
Thick 3vo, 1.7S9 pp., 6,300 items, with upwards of 1.JS0 Reproductions
in Facsimile.
Bound in art cloth, gilt tofis, 'iu. ; half-morocco, gilt tops. Ma.
Part X. .Supplement' containing A. with 205 Illustrations.
Price -Jjt. J ust issued.
CATALOt.lK Xo. 4."i. —Drawings, Engra rings,
and Books, including in extensive and fin, of the
Plates of Turner's LIBER STUDIORUM and other Engraving* after
Turner — Hogarth s Engravings — Whistler'i Works by
Buskin, fcc. Post free, Sixpence,— WH WARD. B, Church Terrace,
Richmond, Surrey.
GLAISHEirS REMAINDER BOOK
CATALOGUE. .JUNE SUPPLEMENT ROW REAM
Extensive Purclrases of Publishers Remainders at Grestly Reduced
Prices.
WILLLAM GLAISHER. Remainder and Discount Bookseller.
SOS, High Holbom. London. W 0
Alsoa useful CATALOG IE of POPULAR CURRENT LITERATURE
and one of FRENCH NOVELS. CLASSICS. *c.
NCIENT and MODERN COINS. —Collectors
and Antiquarians are invited to applv to SPINK 4 SON,
Limited, for Specimen Copy igratis' of their NUMISMATIC CTBCTJ-
LAR. The finest Greek. Roman, and Eneiish Coins on View and for
Sale at Moderate Prices.— SPINK 4 SON. Limited. Experts. Valuers,
and Cataloguers, 16. 17. and 13. Piccadilly. London, W. Established
upwards of a Century.
\TEW CATALOGUE of ART and other BOOKS,
-Lv Turners Liber Plates. 4c. Post free on application.— J.
GUNN. 49, Bedford Street. W.C.
JUST PUBLISHED, THE INTERNATIONAL
•J BOOK CIRCULAR. No. 142, containing a Classified List of
NEW and numerous valuable SECOND-HAND BOOKS. Si^cimen
gratis.— WILLIAMS 4 NORGATB, Book IrnportetS, u, Henrietta
Street. Covent Uardeii. W.C.
FIRST EDITIONS of MODERN AUTHORS,
including Dickens. Thai .-keray. Lever. Ainsworth ; Rooks illus-
trated by G. and B. Cruikahank, Pbii. Rowlandson. Ix^<h. 4c. The
largest and choicest Collection offered for Sale in the World. CATA-
LOGUES issued and sent |s,st free on application. Books Bought,—
WALTER T. SPENCER. JT. New Oxford Street, London. W c
EEADERS and COLLECTORS will find it to
their advantage to write for J. BALDWIN'S MONTHLY
CATALOGUE of SECOND-HAND BOOKS, sent js^st free on applica-
tion. Rooks in all Branches of Literature. Genuine Iwrcnim in
Scarce Items and First Editions. Books scut on approval if desired.—
Address. 14, Osborne Boad, barton, E-
BOOKS. —All OUT-OF-PRINT and RARE
BOOKS on anv subject 8TJPPLIED The m.^st exivrt BcKikflnder
extant. Please state w.ints and a-k for CATALOGUE. I niakels-
feature of exchanging any Saleable B,x,ks for others selected from my
various Lists Special List of 8,000 Ik«>ks I particularly want i*>st free.
— EDW. RAKERS (irent Bookshop, 14-16, John Bright Street. Bir-
mingham. Oscar Wilde s Poems ,J1*.'. for 6». 6d. (only 250 issued1.
A
G
E 0 R G E
CRUIKSHANK.
Dealers or Private Individuals who secured
desirable Items from the recent Truman Sale of
Cruikshankiana which they wish to re-sell (Rooksy
Carioatures, Plain or Coloured, Lottery-Puffs,
Woodcuts, Chap-Books, Original Drawings, 4c.)
are requested to send full description of same„
with price, to
EDWIN H. WENDELL,
500 Fifth Avenue, New York, U.S.A.
N«
4104, June 23,
1906
THE ATHEN^UM
751
jknifjotz Agents.
THE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
The interests of Authors capably represented. Airreements for
Publishing arranged. M.SS. placed with Publishers.— Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. 15UKUHES, 3J, Paternoster Kow
j^aks bg tuition.
Works of Art.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House. No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C., on MONDAY, June 25, and Following Day, at
one o'clock precisely, WORKS of ART, comprising the choice Collec-
tion of Old English Pottery, the Proiierty of a OENTLEMAN,
including Examples of Salt Glaze, Whiehlon, Lambeth— Slip Ware,
Wedgwood, Staffordshire, &c., m.-tiiv pieces of which came from the
Soden-Smith Collection ; also ENGLISH NEEDLEWORK, of the
Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, the Property of the late Miss
BETTS, Wortham Manor, Suffolk; the COLLECTION of OLD
WATCHES, the Proiwrty of Mrs. A. EDENBOROUGH, and other
Properties.
May be viewed. Catalogues may be had.
Valuable Books and Illuminated and other Manuscripts.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON <fc HOUGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand, W.C., on WEDNESDAY, June 27, and Three Following
Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, valuable BOOKS and ILLUMINATED
and other MANUSCRIPTS, HISTORICAL and LITERARY DOCU-
MENTS, AUTOGRAPH LETTERS, &c, including 17 extremely rare
Pre-Shakespearean Plays, original Sixteenth-Century Editions — the
Eirst and Fourth Shakespeare Folios, and numerous Works of Shake-
spearean interest— an interesting Shakespearean Manuscript— the
Whitworth Papers— Nelson Documents— John Knox's Book of Common
Order, in Gaelic, First Edition— a Letter and Song in the Autograph of
Kol>ert Burns— Books from the Library of W. Haggard, Esq — Byroniana
— Manuscript of the Order of the Garter— Blake's Poetical Sketches,
1783, Presentation Copy— Goupiis Illustrated Monographs, &c.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
The Collection of Coins and Medals, the Property of the
Bev. MAJOR PA ULL, deceased.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. 13, Wellington
Street, Strand. W.C., on MONDAY, July 2, and Two Following
Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, the COLLECTION of COINS anil
MEDALS. theProiwrtyuf the liev. MAJOR PAULL, deceased, Duchess
Road, Clifton, Bristol, comprising Greek and Roman Coins in Silver
and Bronze— English and Foreign Gold Coins— Anglo-Saxon, English,
and Foreign Coins in Silver anil Bronze— Medals— Coin Cabkicts, &c. ;
and other SMALL COLLECTIONS.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be bad.
The Collection of Greek, Roman, and Mohammedan Coins,
the Property of the late J. M. C. JOHNSTON, Esq.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION (by order of the Executor), at their
House, No. IS, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C.. on MONDAY. July 16
and Two Following Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, the COLLECTION of
GKEEK, ROMAN, and MOHAMMEDAN COINS, the Property of
the late J. M. C. JOHNSTON. Esq., including an extensive Series of
-Greek Copper Coins— Roman Denarii and Brass — and a very long and
interesting Series Of Mohammedan, Persian, and Indian Coins, par-
ticularly of the Earlier Khalifs — Coin Cabinets— and Numismatic
Books.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may l>c had.
M
ESSRS. CHRISTIE, MANSON & WOODS
resiiectfiilly give notice that they will hold the following
SALES by AUCTION, at their Great Rooms, King Street, St. James's
Square, the Sales commencing at 1 o'clock precisely :—
On MONDAY, June 25, the COLLECTION of
MODERN PICTURES and DRAWINGS of LAWRENCE W.
HODSON, Esq.
On TUESDAY, June 26, OLD ENGLISH
PORCELAIN, the Property of a GENTLEMAN, and from various
Private Sources.
On WEDNESDAY, June 27, MINIATURES,
the Propertv of 8ir PHILIP ROSB, Bart., and MINIATURES,
.SNUFFBOXES, and other OBJECTS of VERTU from various
sources.
On WEDNESDAY, June 27, the COLLECTION
of ENGRAVINGS of the late W. H. MILLIGAN, Esq.
On THURSDAY, June 28, fine OLD ENGLISH
SILVER, the Property of the late LADY CURRIE and others.
On FRIDAY, June 20, OLD FRENCH FURNI-
TUREandoLD CHINESE PORCELAIN, the Property of a NOBLE-
MAN, and porcelain and OBJECTS of ART from various sources,
On SATURDAY, June 30, important PICTURES
and DRAWINGS, the Property of the late LADY CURRIE and
others.
On TUESDAY, July 3 (by order of the Heir of
the Marquis de Lafayette), the highly Interesting and Important COL-
LECTION of RELICS and SOUVENIRS of LAFAYETTE, chiefly in
connexion with the American War of Independence, which wen'
exhibited at the Chicago International Exhibition, 1893,
Valuable Books, including a Portion of the Library of the
late. JAMES STAATS FORBES, Esq. (by order of the
Executors).
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
by AUCTION, at their GaUeries, 47,Leicester Square, W.C., on
THURSDAY, June '28, and Following Day, at ten minutes past
1 o'clock precisely, VALUABLE BOOKS, including Haden's Etudes a
1 Kau Forte— Redford'n Art Sales— Die Meisterwerke tier Gemiilde
Galerie in Wien— Museo del Prado, The National Gallery, the Her-
mitage, special copies in morocco extra— Vignettes to illustrate Feui-
more Cooper, Proofs before Letters— Moore's Views in Rangoon,
Coloured Plates— Baes's Tours et Tourelles de la Belgiuue, Coloured
Plates— Illustrated Fine-Art Catalogues, including the Secretan and
Wilson Collections— English Art, Proof Plates on Japanese Vellum,
15 vols.— Ongania's Series of Monographs on St. Mark's. Venice, Plates
in Gold and Colours, 15 vols.— Menpes's Etchings and Dry Points,
Proof Plates, Signed by the Artist— Holbein's Pictures at Windsor
Castle — La Galerie Rovale de Munich, Proofs before Letters — Die
Kaiserl. Konigl. Gemalde Galerie in Wien, Proofs before Letters, 1886
— Skelton's Charles I.. Japanese Paper copy— Morris s British Birds,
Nests and Eggs, and Butterflies, 10 vols.— First Editions of the Works
of Pope— SiMirtiug Books, with Coloured Plates by Aiken— Account of
the Preservation of Charles II., extra-illustrated with rare Portraits
and Views— The Sportsman's Companion, 1760— Burton's Arabian
Nights— Specimens of Embroidered Bindings— Bacon's Apologie (16051,
and Apopnthegmes (16261— First Editions of Dickens, Bronte, sand
other Modern Authors— Standard Works on Biography, Travel, and
the Fine Arts — Autograph Letters and Documents, including
examples of Geo. Washington, B. Franklin, Dr. Parr (relating to
Boswell's Life of Johnsoul, Tom Moore, and others — Original
Drawings by Hayter— and many other rare and interesting items.
Catalogues on application.
Miscellaneous Books, including a Portion of the Library of
the late W. MANNING, Esq., of the Firm of Carpenter &
WeMky, Regent Street.
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
by AUCTION, at their Galleries, 47, Leicester Square, W.C.,
EARLY in JULY, valuable BOOKS in all Branches of Literature,
including tire aliove Property.
Valuable Books from the Modem Library of a Gentleman
(revweed from the Country); the Library of the late Mrs.
C. E. PORTER, removed from Erlegh Whiteknights,
lleadi)ig (by order of the Executors) ; and other Properties.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancery Lane, W.C., on
TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, June 26 and 27, at 1 o'clock, valuable
LIBRARY of MODERN BOOKS, comprising Folio Fine-Art and
Architectural Works, Iwth English and Foreign, including many
handsome Illustrated Books — Topographical, Antiquarian, and
Genealogical Works — a Complete Set of the Tudor Translations,
40 vols. — Pearson's Reprints, Large Paper, 27 vols. — Geneste's History
of the Stage, 10 vols.— best Library Editions of the Writings of Bacon,
Beaumont and Fletcher, Ilobbes, De Foe, Horace Walpole, Carlyle,
Raskin, Lytton, and others — Apiierley's Life of a Si»ortsman. Coloured
Plates, 1842, and other Sporting Books— Standard Books of Travel-
Sets of Historical and Archaeological Serial Publications— valuable
Modern Glossaries and Lexicons, and other Works of Reference—
Didot's Greek. Latin, and French Classics, 124 vols., &c. To which are
added BOOKS from the LIBRARY of the late Mrs. C. E. PORTER.
removed from Erlegh Whiteknights, near Reading, and other
Properties, including Engravings from the Pictures of Sir Joshua
Reynolds, Original Impressions, 3 vols, boards, uncut, 1S20— Blagdon's
Life of Morlaud, Coloured Copy — Beaumont and Fletcher's Comedies
and Tragedies, 1647— Goldsmith's Beau Nash, 1762— Keats's Endvmion,
First Edition, boards, uncut, 1818— Heppelwhite's Cabinet-Maker's
Guide, Original Edition— Original Water-Colour Drawings by Bun-
bury, &c.
To be viewed, and Catalogues had.
Tower House, Bedford Park, W.
Contents of the valuable Library.
Buskins Work* — LacToix, Art »» Hoyen Ag< — raoquemart, La
< vrami'pic — Andaley'i Polychromatic Decoration — Sanders*!
Carved Oak Woodwork of Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries—
Nash's Mansions and Architecture of the Middle Ages— Pistoled,
11 Vaticano— Walpole's Anecdotes of Painters— Magazine of Art-
Lloyd's Natural llintory— Jardines Naturalist's [41 y Mmlt's
Works— Faulkner s Fiilham, Brentford, &<■ — Bncyi iop:i>dia Bri-
tanniia dn revolving Bookcase's— Fronde's Work*"— Fanys's Diary-
it's Chronicles— Shakespeare'i Works— Tennyson's Works-
British Poets— Novels by Dickens, Thackeray, Lever, and Stanley
Wcyman— Album of Postage Stamp) Japanese Coloured Prints,
Ac.
HAMPTON k SONS will SELL the above
LIBRARY by AUCTION, on the Premises, on SATURDAY,
July 7, at 12 o'clock.
Admission by Catalogue only, io«t free fkf. each, on application to
their Offices, 2 and ::. CockspUT Street, H.W.
\ 11 -The valuable COLLECTION of ANTIQUE FURNITUHE
and CHINA will he SOLD, on the Premises, on THURSDAY and
FRIDAY July 5 and 6.
Valuable Law Books, including the Library of a Barrister
(retiring from practice), Library and Office Furniture, dx.
MESSRS. HODGSON & CO. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, 115, Chancery Lane, W.C., on
FRIDAY, June 29, at 1 o'clock, valuable LAW BOOKS, including a
Complete Set of the Law Reports to 1905, fully noted up, 328 vols, half-
call -mother Set. from 1869 to 1902, 310 vols.— the Revised Reports,
58 vols, half-calf— the Law Reports Indian Apia-al Cases, 1873-1905,
33 vols.— Moore's East Indian Appeal Cases, 14 vols.— the Indian Law
Reports, 1900-1905, and other Books on Indian Law — the English
Reports: House of Lords Cases. 11 vols.— Chittys Statutes, by Lcly,
13 vols. — Campbell's Ruling Cases, 26 vols,— Modern Text-Books, &c. ;
also S Mahogany Roll-Top Writing Desk— Dwarf Walnut Bookcase—
and other Library and Office Furniture.
Catalogues on application.
Curiosities.
TUESDA Y and WEDNESDA Y, June Hi and V, ,
at half-past IS o'clock.
MR. STEVENS'S next SALE of CURIOS
will include about 120 Lots of Curios of every description,
formed by the late Major IND; also about 30 Lots of old Laces,
including Point de Paris, Honiton, Mechlin, Maltese, Valenciennes,
and Tambour — several Lots of Italian and French Furniture— Rare
Coins — Pictures — Prints — Miniatures — Chinese and Japanese
Porcelain— Bronzes— Indian Weapons— and an immense variety of
( hi ins. nearly 600 Lots.
On view Monday prior 10 to '"> and mornings of Sale. Catalogues on
application.
M
Sales of Miscellaneous Property.
R. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that
SALES are held EVERT FRIDAY, "at his Rooms, 38. King
Street. Covent Garden, London, w.c, for the disposal of MICRO,
scopes. SLIDES, and OBJECTIVES — Telescopes— Theodolites—
Level — Electrical ami Scientific Instruments— Cameras, Lenses, and
all kinds of Photographic A pparatu6— Optical Lanterns with Slides
and all Accessories In great variety iiy Best Makers — Household
Furniture— Jewellery — and other Miscellaneous Property,
On view Thursday 2 to .r> and morning of Sale.
PALL-MALL.— Thirtu-otM Violin*, made by the late John
Dug, Violinist in II. M. Queen Victoria's Private Band.
(By direction of the Executors.)
MESSRS. FOSTER respectfully announce for
SALE by AUCTION, at the Gallery, 54. Pall Mall, on Till lis
DAY. June 2«. at i o'clock pic.s.lv. THIRTY-ONE VIOLINS, made
bj tin late John Day between 1850 and 1894— Copies of Violins by V
Amatus, J. Gvarnerius, and Btradivariua. May in- viewed two days
prloi t" tin Auction, when Catalogues may be bad.
.-,4, Pall Mall.
NOW READY.
PHILOSOPU [CAL TRANSACTIONS
or THE ROYAL SOCIETY OP LONDON.
Series v containing Papers of a math km ATI AL OR PHYSICAL
CHARACTER. Vol. CCV, With 31 Plates. Prioelt.8s.net,
Lon Ion: HARRISON & SONS, 45, St. Mai tin's Lane, W.C.
WILLIAMS & NORGATE.
■ ♦
ST. PAUL, THE MAN AND HIS WORK.
By Prof. H. WEINEL, of the University of Jena-
Translated by Rev. G. A. BIENEMANN, M.A.
Ready, demy 8vo, cloth, 10*. 6(7.
JUST READY, demy 8vo, cloth, 7s. 6d.
DANIEL AND HIS PROPHECIES. By
Bev. C. H. H. WRIGHT, D.D. Ph.D., &c.
NOW READY, demy 8vo, 7s. 6d.
DANIEL AND ITS CRITICS. Being a
Supplementary Volume to above Work. By Bev.
C. H. H. WRIGHT, D.D. Ph.D., &c.
READY THIS WEEK, crown 8vo, cloth, 5s.
HEBREW RELIGION TO THE ESTAB-
LISHMENT OF JUDAISM UNDER EZRA. By
W. E. ADDIS, M.A.
TWO STANDARD WORKS ON NATURAL
HISTORY.
00L06IA UNIVERSALIS
PALAEARCTICA.
By GEORG KRAUSE.
English Text, Revised by OLIVER G. PIKE.
About loO Parts at Is. 6<L net each, each Part containing
2 or 3 Coloured Plates with the Text.
Prospectus and Specimen Plate upon application.
THE BUTTERFLIES AND
MOTHS OF THE WORLD.
A Book for Reference and Identification for Collectors,
Lepidopterists, Schools, and Museums.
Edited by Dr. ADALBERT SEITZ.
With the assistance of Dr. REBELL (Vienna), Dr.
STANDFUSS (Zurich), H. STICHEL (Berlin), Dr. JORDAN
(Tring), W. F. KIRBY (London), WARREN (London),
Hon. W. von ROTHSCHILD (London).
I. THE PA.LAEARCTIC BUTTERFLIES
AND MOTHS. About 100 Parts, with some 225
Coloured Plates besides the Text, price per Part,
Is. net.
II. THE EXOTIC BUTTERFLIES AND
MOTHS. About 300 Parts, with some 050 Coloured
Plates besides the Text. Price Is. (jd. net per ParU
To be had separately of the Exotics : RHOPALOCERA,
SPHINCIDAE, BOMBYRIDAE, NOCTU1DAE, GEO-
METRIDAE.
Prospectus and Specimen Plates upon application.
WORKS BY HERBERT SPENCER.
A SYSTEM OF SYNTHETIC PHILOSOPHY.
FIRST PRINCIPLES. POPULAR EDITION. 8, d.
Entirely Beset in inuch improved form . . . . 7 6
PRINCIPLES OP BIOLOGY. 2 vols. Re-
vised and Enlarged . . 30 0
PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY. 2 vols. 36 0
PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY. Vol. I. 21 0
Ditto Vol. II. 18 0
Ditto Vol. III. 16 0
PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS. Vol. I. . . 15 0
Ditto Vol. II. .. 12 6
JUSTICE. (Separately) 0 0
OTHER WORKS.
THE STUDY OF SOCIOLOGY . . 10 C
EDUCATION, INTELLECTUAL,
MORAL, AND PHYSICAL. Cheap and
Popular Edition, entirely Reset . . . . 2 6
ESSAYS. 3 vols 30s. or each vol. 10 o
FACTS AND COMMENTS 6 0
VARIOUS FRAGMENTS. Enlarged Edition ti 0
SOCIAL STATICS AND MAN v. STATE 10 0
MAN v. STATE. (Separately) 10
AGAINST THE METRIC SYSTEM. Third
Edition, with Additions 0 3
DESCRIPTIVE SOCIOLOGY. Compiled and
Abstracted l>v Dr. DUNCAN, Dr. SCHEPPIG, and
Ml. COLLIER, Folio, boards.
1. ENGLISH, 18*. 2. ANCIENT AMERICA!* RACES,
K,.v. ;i. LOWEST RACES, NEGRITTO, POLYNESIANS,
18s. 4. AFRICAN HACKS, 16f. 5. ASIATIC BACKS,
18«. ti. AMERICAN BACKS, 18ft 7. HEBREWS AND
PHOENICIANS, 21#. 8. FRENCH, 80s.
A List of Works, with complete I. ist of Contents, post free
upon application,
FIFTH AND ENLARGED EDITION,
THE PHILOSOPHY COMPLETED. Bto, doth, 21s.
DIGEST OF HERBERT SPENCERS WORKS.
AN EPITOME OF THE
SYNTHETIC PHILOSOPHY.
By K. HOWABD COLLINS.
with a l'nf.ue by the late HERBERT spencer.
WILLIAMS & NORGATE,
14, Henrietta Street, Covent Harden, London, W.C.
752
Til K ATIIENjEUM
N#4104. Jun28. 1906
ALEXANDER HAMILTON.
AN ESSAY ON AMERICAN UNION.
By F. S. OLIVER.
Ilhi ti.it. c| with Portrait*. DeUJ 8vo, 12*. t'yt. ii »-t .
SOME PRESS OPINIONS.
[Second Imprt&trion.
TIMES.— " Mr. Oliver hai ohoaen hii hero welL Se has written of
what Hamilton's career illustrates end teaohee with greal ability, with great
enthusiasm and persuasiveness. Ho has depicted Hamilton with force and
olearneea, with humour, with sympathy, and (harm. He has treated a big
subject In a large and masterly way. N<» book has appeared lately which
oonveya ■ more valuable lesson or one more tactfully and skilfully unfolded."
8 . ! TIONA L REVIE II.—" Mr. Oliver has written a life of ' Alexander
Hamilton" of which we need only say that it is worthy of the subject.
And besides being a sympathetic biography of a remarkable character.it is
a stimulating and suggestive political study, which should be read by all
Englishmen interested in constructive Imperialism."
DAILY TELEGRA PH.—" Hamilton stands out vividly and certainly
as a man and as a statesman. Mr. Oliver has given proof of a power to
brush aside irrelevancies and grasp the essentials of a situation which is
rare indeed in this age of chroniclers.'"
OUTLOOK. ---" Mr. Oliver ha* revealed for the first time to the average
English reader the ngnifiaanoe of an extraordinary petsonalhVv and the
waning of B period ; he has thrown reflex light, as he intended, u]*on the
deepeel of our own problem*, and we do do4 at all to say that
has written one of the distinguished Ixxiks of a decade. Since Lord
Rosel>ery'8 monograph upon Pitt, to which it is perhaps most nearly related
in style and method, there has lieen no equally acute criticism of the idea of
statesmanship and the psychology of popular government."
Mr. Fkkukkic Hakhisos in the TRIBUNE. — "Adequately supplies a
real Want in political history a living portrait of the man himself is
vigorously drawn in the midst of the historical and political chapt>
DAILY NEWS. — "The author has accomplished his task with
admirable judgment and entire success. His forcible style lends vigour and
reality to the various characters as they cross the stage, while his political
insight gives a permanent value to the work."
RECENT PUBLICATIONS.
THE POETRY AND PHILOSOPHY
OF GEORGE MEREDITH.
By GEORGE M. TREVELYAN.
Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d. net.
WESTMINSTER GAZETTE. — "Mr. Trevelyan's monograph on the
poetry and philosophy of Oeorge Meredith is an admirable example of literary
appreciation. Being at once sympathetic and discreet, it avoids the pitfalls
which await the commentator on a living author and gives the reader precisely
the kind of assistance that he needs."'
SOME LITERARY ECCENTRICS.
By JOHN FYVIE,
Author of ' Some Famous Women of Wit and Beaut}7,' &c.
Illustrated, demy 8vo, 12s. 6d. net.
Studies of Thomas Amor}7 — Thomas Day — William Beckford — Walter
Savage Landor — William Hazlitt — Henry Crabb Robinson — Charles Babbage
■ — Douglas Jerrold — George Wither — James I. — Sir John Mandeville.
THE FLORENTINE HISTORY.
Written by NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI.
Translated from the Italian by NINIAN HILL THOMSON, M.A.
In 2 vols, extra crown 8vo, 12s. 6d. net.
SECOND IMPRESSION.
The LIFE OF ALFRED AINGER.
By
t EDITH SICHEL,
Author of 'Catherine de' Medici.'
With one Photogravure Frontispiece and six Half-Tone Illustrations.
Demy 8vo, 12-*. 6d. net.
TIMES. — " Ainger's peculiar and elfindike sense of humour, his eloquent
and persuasive and golden voice, his inimitable manner, his liveliness, his
sensitiveness, his attractiveness, his joy in life, and his lovely gift of filling
life with joy ; above all, his genius for friendship, and that sweet, inviolable
loyalty which made his friendships precious — these are all things to treasure
and delight in. Miss Sichel has done distinguished work. Her style is
animated and sympathetic. She is gifted with very considerable powers of
dramatic vision ; a most commendable habit of thoroughness. "
HISTORICAL GREEK COINS.
By G. F. HILL,
Author of ' The Coins of Sicily,' &c.
With Plates illustrating over 100 Coins. Demy 8vo, 10s. 6c?. net.
TACITUS, ANIM)THER ROMAN
STUDIES.
By GASTON BOISSIER,
Professor of Latin Eloquence at the College de France.
Translated by W. G. HUTCHISON. Demy Svo, 6s. net.
NEW SIX -SHILLING NOVELS.
SET IN AUTHORITY. By Sara Jeannette
DUNCAN, Author of ' An American Girl in London,' « The Path of
a Star,' &c.
OUTLOOK. — "Mrs. Cotes has written the novel of the year."
FACE TO FACE. By Francisco Acebal.
Translated by MARTIN HUME.
TRIBUNE. — "Major Martin Hume has done his translation with a
delicate sense of style, and we are grateful to him for allowing us to enjoy
such masterly work."
ALL THAT WAS POSSIBLE. By Howard
STURGIS, Author of ' Belchamber.'
CATTLE BRANDS. By Andy Adams, Author
of ' The Log of a Cowboy,5 ' The Cutlet,' Ac.
PALL MALL GAZETTE. — "To those who desire an impression of
the life of the prairies these sketches can be applied in the best of faith.'"
THE HOUSE OF COBWEBS. By George
GISSING. With an Introduction by THOMAS SECCOMBE.
DAILY TELEGRAPH.— -"They are beautiful stories, told with con-
summate art, and have a flavour rare in present-day fiction It ['The
House of Cobwebs"] is really a masterpiece, which one is glad to find in the
English language."
OF MISTRESS EVE. By Howard Pease, Author
of 'Magnus Sinclair.'
ANTHONY BRITTEN. By Herbert Macilwaine,
Author of ' Dinkinbar,' ' Fate the Fiddler,' kc. [Second Impre**ion.
MANCHESTER GUARDIAN.— "The book is something more than
well worth reading ; it is a serious and artistic contribution to the imaginative
writing of the day."'
London: ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & CO. Ltd., 16, James Street, Haymarket.
N° 4104, June 23, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
753
FREDERICK WARNE & CO.'S
NEW AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS.
A UNIQUE WORK ON BRITISH WILD
FLOWERS.
SERIAL ISSUE.
VOLUME I. NOW READY.
WILD FLOWERS
MONTH BY MONTH.
In their Natural Haunts.
By EDWARD STEP, F.L.S.
Now being issued in 12 Fortnightly Parts.
Price Sd. net, post free, lOd.
Containing
300 ILLUSTRATIONS.
Reproduced from Photographs taken
DIRECT FROM NATURE.
Depicting the Flowers as they are found Growing.
WILD FLOWERS.
In consequence of the hearty reception
accorded to this work on its first publication
last year, the Publishers have been induced
to re-issue it on similar lines, the parts
containing the flowers, &c, of the current
month proving a great convenience to all
Nature-lovers. The large number of genuine
Nature -photographs, as distinguished from
indoor " studies " of natural objects, makes
the work one of unique value as well as
most attractive from a pictorial point of
view.
WILD FLOWERS.
"Mr. Step is a competent botanist and writes easily,
in a natural style, which is just the thin;/ to lure the
ordinary reader on to strict science, which fill not,
we hope, involve the dropping of the folk-lore and
poetry which are introduced in these pages. The
writer has an eye too, for natural objects outside
the world of flowers, etc. The book is delightful
and we wish it every success." — Athexjkum.
WILD FLOWERS.
" The airfhor describes with much charm the haunts
of the wild flowers of field and wayside, and is
cartful to avoid the needless use of botanical
terms. We look forward with pleasure to the
second volume." — Country Life.
WILD FLOWERS.
" If you would take a pleasant companion with
you on your country rambles, you could hardly do
better than select ' Wild Flowers,' firrt volume.
If Mr. Step's second volume is as good as tin firs/,
the tiro should fmd a place upon the l>ook»h<lvt* of
every lover of the country side."
Illustrated London News.
NOW READY.
PERCY J. BREBNER'S NEW NOVEL.
Large crown 8vo, cloth gilt, price 6s.
THE CRUCIBLE OF CIRCUMSTANCE.
By PERCY J. BREBNER (Christian Lys).
Mr. Percy J. Brebner, better known by his pseudonym of " Christian Lys," has made
a departure with his latest novel. Unlike his well-known romance ' The Fortress of
Yadasara,' the story is located in modern England, and this enables him to present two
intensely interesting characters in Gilbert Tennant, playwright, and Olive Vaughan,
factory girl and beautiful actress, who combine with a pseudo-philanthropist to furnish a
novel of distinction.
UNIQUE AND CHARMING WORK FOR NATURE LOVERS.
NEW VOLUME IN THE
WAYSIDE AND WOODLAND SERIES.
In pocket size, 6J by 4| in., cloth gilt, price 6s. net, post free, 6s. Ad. ; also in blue velvet
calf, gilt edges, round corners, boxed (price on application).
THE BUTTERFLIES
OF THE BRITISH ISLES.
A Pocket Guide for the Country Rambler.
With Clear Descriptions and Life Histories of all the Species.
By RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S., Editor of < The Entomologist,' &c.
With 450 accurately Coloured Figures, photographed from Nature, of every Species and many
Varieties, also Drawings of Egg Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Food-Plant, and several descriptive Illus-
trations in the Text.
This exquisite little volume gives in a handy form the whole range of the Butterflies of Great
Britain and Ireland, besides figures of numerous scarce varieties, accurately coloured.
Many of the eggs of the various species are now for the first time figured ; and the fact that the
fullest details pertaining to the Larvce, Chrysalis, and Food-Plant are also given renders the volume
unique in its usefulness.
Other Volumes in the " Wayside and Woodland Series ":-
In pocket size, 6£ by 4\ in., cloth gilt, round
corners, each price (ys. net, post free 6a. 4d. ; also
in maroon velvet calf, round corners, gilt edges,
boxed (price on application).
WAYSIDE AND WOODLAND
BLOSSOMS.
A Pocket Guide to the British Wild Flowers.
By EDWARD STEP, F.L.S.
FIRST AND SECOND SERIES.
With 254 Coloured Plates drawn from actual
Specimens by MABEL E. STEP. With clear
descriptions of 7<>0 Species.
"To the reader unacquainted with botany the volumes
open uj> a new and delightful study. It is, in short, a remark-
able work, a miracle of condensation and arrangement com-
bined with the most lucid exposition." — Birmingham Post.
" Just the books for the country nimbler, and would be a
very acceptable present to anyone, old or young, whodesirps
to reOOgniM the wild flowers of the wayside, woods and
Held*."— Field.
In pocket size, 6| by 4§ in., cloth gilt, round
corners, price 6s. ; post free, (ys. 4/1. ; also in green
velvet calf, round corners, gilt edges, boxed
(price on application).
WAYSIDE AND WOODLAND
TREES.
A Pocket Guide to the British Sylva.
By EDWARD STEP, F.L.S.
With 127 Plates from Original Photographs by
HENRY IRVING, and 57 Outline Illustrations oi
the Leaves, Flowers, and Fruit 1>\ MABEL E.
STEP.
"If simplicity with accuracy is desired on one of many
country subjects, 1 can recommend to them ' Wayside and
Woodland Trees.' The scheme of the book and ihe illu>
t rat ions .ire excellent."— T. P.'s Weekly.
"Deserves 1 warm welcome. Author and publishers
must be congratulated on the production of a work so well
got up, useful and compact.'' -Western Dnili/ I'rrss.
" A delicious little volume of the pocket order, hoailUfll
alike in its printing and its illustrations, to say nothing of
the charming and learned handling of it.s le\t„"
Timhrr TraJrs Journal.
" Very rarely have I seen a book better illustrated.''
Daily Xru*.
London : FREDERICK WARNE & CO. Chandos House, Bedford Street, Strand.
754
TH E ATHENjEUM
N°4104, Jink 23, 1906
MACMILLAN & CO.'S
NEW BOOKS.
THE GARTER MISSION
TO JAPAN.
i:> LOBD BKDKSDALK, c.c.v.n. K.c.lt., Author of
• i . i. - ••• old Japan.' Bxtra crown Bto, Ba [Tuesday.
LIFB & EXPERIENCES OF
SIR HENRY ENFIELD
R0SC0E, D.C.L. LL.D. F.R.S.
Written bj HIMRBLF. WItfa PhotognTnn Portrait! and
other Illustrations. Svo, 12a net.
HENRY SIDGWICK: a Memoir.
By A. S. tad K. >I. S. With Portraits. 8vo, 12*. 6d. net.
ENGLISH MEN OF LETTERS.— "Slew Vol.
WALTER PATER.
By A. C. BBNSON. Crown 8vo, Is. net.
A HISTORY OF
ENGLISH PROSODY
From the Twelfth Century to the Present Day.
BvGEOBGE SAINTsniliY, M.A. Hon. LL.D., Professor
of Rhetoric ami Rnglinh Literature in the University of
Edinburgh. ;t vols. bVo.
Vol. I. 1 li()M THE ORIGINS TO SPENSER, 10*. net
AC A DEMY. — "The present instalment has convinced us
that tJie whole Buhject is beiug dealt with in masterly
fashion, and we are confident that the remaining volumes
will be worthy of their theme. For Prof. Saintehury has
that quality which made Bazlitt one of the first of critics —
he baa <ju*to, he loves literature."
1900 ISSUE, WITH COXSIPKRABLE ALTERATIONS
AND ADDITIONS, NOW READY.
THE
STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK.
statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the
World, for the Year 100ft. Edited by J. SCOTT KELTIE,
LL1). With .Maps. Crownsvo.10s.6d.net.
A HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION
OF THE MIDDLE AGES.
By HENRY CHARLES LEA. In 8 vols, svo, 31s. 6d. net.
A HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION
OF SPAIN.
By HENRY CHARLES LEA, LL.D. In 4 vols. Vol.1.
8ro, iox 0c(. net
MACMILLAN'S NEW NOVEL8.
Crown 8vo, 6#. each.
THE WRONG ENVELOPE,
And other Stories.
By Mrs. MOLESWORTII.
THE VINE OF SIBMAH.
A Relation of the Puritans. By ANDREW MACPHAIL.
THE WAY OF THE GODS.
By JOHN LUTHER LONG.
JULY NUMBERS READY ON TUESDAY.
THE CENTURY MAGAZINE.
Illustrated. Price Is. id. Annual subscription, 16s.
The Jl'I.Y wunber contains: —
WHAT was EXPECTED OF Miss CONSTANTINE.
By ANTHONY HOPE.
THE WILD OATS OF A SPINSTER By Alice Hegan
Rice, Author of ' Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch.1
SENATOR HOAR. In Mcinoriam. By Canon Rawnaley.
THE STRANGE CASE OF ROBERT LOUIS STEVEN-
SON AND JULES BIMONEAU. By Julia Scott
Vrooman.
And numerous other Stories and Artlclesof General Interest
ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE FOR CHILDREN.
ST. NICHOLAS.
Price Is. Annual subscription, 12«.
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd., London.
MESSRS.
HURST & BLACKETT
WILL SHORTLY PUBLIMI
VOLUME I.
OF
THE HISTORY OF
THE WAR IN
SOUTH AFRICA,
1899 1902.
COMPILED BY DIRECTION
OF HIS MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT
BY
Major-General Sir
FREDERICK MAURICE, K.C.B.,
WITH A STAFF OF OFFICERS.
The Work will be in 4 vols, super-royal 8vo,
price 17s. 6d. net per vol. to Subscribers
for the entire Set, and
21s. net per vol. to non-Subscribers.
A Case containing 29 Maps and Panoramas
which have been specially prepared at the
Topographical Department, Southampton,
will be supplied with Volume I.
The general idea of the Official History is to
give a full, detailed, and accurate account of all
events connected with the war. The work is
something more than a dull record of fact ; com-
ments are numerous, and the attempt is made to
give a picturesque and interesting picture of the
various incidents.
The achievements of individuals (of all ranks)
who have distinguished themselves are described
as far as possible, and the deeds of each regiment,
battalion, and battery are full}' recorded.
A Prospectus, giving full particulars,
with Notes on the Contents and
Scope of the various Volumes,
con be obtained at any Library
or Booksellers, or direct from
the Publishers.
HURST & BLACKETT, Limited,
182, High Holborn, W.C.
The Pope of
Holland House.
Edited l,y Lady Seymour. With a hiographical
introduction end supplement bj w. P.
Courtney. Illustrated, 10 0 •'
Gossip about Napoleon, Wellington, Madame de
Stael, Byron, Scott, and others, about the politic*
and all the prominent events of the time.
Haeckel :
His Life and Work.
By Wilhelin Bdlsche. Illustrated, 15ft net.
Traces Haeckel "s career from his boyhood to hi a
later days of controversy and wor'd-ujide fame,
dealing fully with his scientific res. arches and
his writings.
Aristotle's Theory
of Conduct.
By Thomas Marshall. M.A. 21«. net.
" By far the best endeavour that has yet been made
to present the doctrine of the ethics to educated
readers who are not speciaists in philosophy. "
Times.
Robert Adam,
Artist and Architect.
By Percy FitzGerald, M.A. F.S.A. With Collo-
type Plates and many other Illustrations.
10*. 6d. net.
An account of the works and system of the famous
eighteenth-century architect.
Fire and Sword
in the Caucasus.
By Luigi Villari. 96 Illustrations. 10<*. 6d. net.
" M . Luigi Villari recounts in a highly interesting
volume the history of the racial feuds which have
convulsed the Caucasus and reduced that outlying
province of the Russian Empire to a state of the
wildest anarchy ."—Rev iew of Reviews.
Future Forest
Trees.
The Importance of German Experiments in the
Introduction of North American Trees. By
A. Harold Unwin, D. Oec. Publ. (Munich). With
4 Illustrations. 7<s. 6cZ. net.
The Anglo Saxon :
A Study in Evolution.
By George E. Boxall. Crown Svo, 5s.
'■ Mr George E. Boxall has written a work of
genuine merit and interest A work of peculiar
fascination "—Sunday Special.
In Search of
a Siberian Klondyke.
By Washington B. Vanderlip and H. B. Hulbert.
With 48 Illustrations. 7* ad. net.
A vivid account of the Author's travels and adven-
tures in Siberia.
Schiller's Dramas and
Poems in England.
By Thomas Rea, M.A. Crown Bro, it, Cxi. net.
An important study of the literary relations between
England and Germany in the nineteenth century.
Chats on
Old China.
By Arthur Haydcn. New Edition. With 25
new Illustrations, fig, net.
This book, as revised, will take rank as the standard
practical handbook on its subject.
T. FISHER UNWIN.
N°4104, June 23, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
755
SATURDAY, JUNE 23, 1906.
CONTENTS
PAGE
Life of the late Duke of Argyll 755
The Pageant of London 756
Austen Leigh and King's College, Cambridge . . 757
Personality in Modern Literature 757
New Novels (The Adventures of Alicia ; Queen of
the Rushes ; Count Bunker ; Phantasma ; In the
Shadow; The Black Motor-Car; The Uphill
Road; Hasty Fruit; A Veneered Scamp; The
Newell Fortune ; The Cubs ; The Mantle of the
Emperor) 758—759
Historical Literature 759
Our Library Table ('The Times' History of the
Boer War ; The New Russia ; The Balkan Trail ;
A Modern Slavery ; Rois sans Couronne ; History
for Ready Reference; British Canals; Guide to
Saffron Walden ; Pocket Tennyson ; French
Abbreviations ; New Editions) 761—763
List of New Books 763
My Blackbird and I ; Notes from Dublin ;
The Publishers' International Congress at
Milan; 'The Open Road' and 'Traveller's
Joy'; Creighton Memorial .. .. 764—766
Literary Gossip 766
Science— Prof. Bose on Plant Response; The
Theory of Electrons and its Difficulties ;
Amalgamation of the Medical Societies of
London ; Societies ; Meetings Next Week ;
Gossip 768—771
Fine Arts — The Preservation of the Cairo
Monuments ; Historic Dress ; Decorative
Panels at the Alpine Club ; Younger
Painters at the Baillie Gallery ; The
Agnew and other Sales ; Gossip . . 771—774
Music— Gossip ; Performances Next Week 774—775
Drama— The Macleans of Bairness ; The Electra
of Euripides in English Verse ; Gossip 775—776
Miscellanea— "Cain" as a Synonym of the Moon 776
Index to Advertisers 776
LITERATURE
George Douglas, eighth Duke of Argyll
(1823 - 1900) : Autobiography and
Memoirs. Edited by the Dowager
Duchess of Argyll. 2 vols. (John
Murray.)
Lord Granville characterized the late
Duke of Argyll's defence of two notable
Viceroys, Lord Canning and Lord Dal-
housie, in 1858 as the " best speech I
ever heard him make, right in. tone,
substance, and length." Prolixity was,
indeed, a marked defect in the utterances
of that genuine orator. The fault is no
less conspicuous in his autobiography,
which occupies the greater part of the two
large volumes now published under the
careful editorship of his widow. Over
fifty pages have to be perused before we
reach his birth. They contain some
interesting matter, such as an account of
his father's escape from Switzerland, with
the help of Madame de Stael, after the
rupture of the treaty of Amiens ; but the
Duke might have curbed his pen to ad-
vantage. He becomes positively tedious
when he devotes page after page of superior
commonplace to Italian travel, setting
forth his admiration of the Duomo at
Florence, his disappointment at the Campo
Santo at Pisa, and so on. Froude once
declared that he " drew the line at dukes."
It is to be feared that that vigorous critic
would not have made an exception in the
case of the literary remains of his Grace
of Argyll.
In spite of its longueurs, the autobio-
graphy presents an attractive picture of a
studious boyhood spent on the Scottish
estates of the family, under the eye of a
father who was a cultivated man and no
mean mechanician. A delicate child, the
future Duke became an ardent field
naturalist, and drank in Wordsworth,
though the classics, with the exception of
Virgil, failed to attract him. We get an
animated account of the building of
Skerryvore lighthouse by Alan Stevenson,
a martyr to his arduous undertaking.
" He was," we read, " as gentle and
refined as he was brave and strong, and
persevering and inflexible in purpose."
Keenly addicted to many branches of
science, the Duke lost no opportunity
of becoming acquainted with their eminent
exponents. As a result he gives us a
series of appreciative portraits, among
them one of the discoverer of the use of
anaesthetics : —
" Simpson's own enthusiasm was delight-
ful. I do not know that I have ever met any
man in whom genius was written more
visibly in face and voice and manner. His
spirit seemed to be always quivering in the
presence of Nature, as if conscious of her
immense suggestiveness, and trembling lest
he should miss even the slightest of her hints.
It was most, interesting to watch the move-
ments of his expression when he or anyone
else mentioned in conversation any curious
or singular fact — anything unusual or appa-
rently anomalous, however trivial. His
spirit seemed always to withdraw into its
own recesses and to be following the trail
of some footprint too faint for others to
observe, and too slight even for himself to
follow to any conclusion. Then it would
return from its excursion, breaking into
smiles, radiant with the hope that an
explanation would come at last."
We must pass over the Duke's admir-
able efforts for the improvement of his
estates, to which in the course of fifty
years he devoted over half a million
sterling, all, as he records with legitimate
pride, paid out of income. As a pohtician
he inherited a strong dislike of the Whigs,
and developed sympathy for the com-
mercial policy of Peel, together with a
personal admiration of the Duke of
Wellington which became something very
like hero-worship. The splendid blue
eyes, minutely described, distracted atten-
tion, it appears, from the beaky nose and
the small and firm mouth. Argyll's
course was therefore fairly fixed when
his father's death in 1847 gave him a seat
in the House of Lords. He was at the
same time taking pleasure in London
society, and thus we glean an interesting
detail or two about the breakfasts and
dinners of the day. This was what
occurred at the table of the venerable
Thomas Grenville, the donor of a magnifi-
cent collection of books to the nation : —
" Dundas told us some story — very well —
as he always did. But Rogers never could
bear to see those around him listening to
anyone but himself. He therefore slowly
lifted his eadaverous faco, and, with a most
vicious expression, said : ' I havo be on
waiting a long time till Dundas had ended.
May I bo allowed now to get in one word
edgeways ? ' Dundas could not reply, of
course, to sucli an antiquity as Rogers, and
could only look, as ho did, very much
annoyed."
The Dundas in question was Sir David,
a Scottish lawyer and lover of books.
Hallam and Bishop Wilberforce, Sir
Charles Lyell and Sir Robert Inglis, are
among the persons described by the Duke
of Argyll, and we get a quaint anecdote
of table-turning at Macaulay's, when the
historian displayed unphilosophic alarm
at the success of the experiment.
The Duke tells the story of the Aberdeen
Ministry, which he joined as Lord Privy
Seal, with some minuteness ; but the
reader cannot refrain from feeling that he
is travelling, for the most part, over well-
trodden ground. A vivid account is
given, however, of Gladstone's exposition
of his first Budget to the Cabinet — a three
hours' discourse in a conversational tone,
without a single slip or obscurity. " I
look back upon it," writes the Duke, " as
by far the most wonderful intellectual
effort I have ever listened to from the lips
of man." Very characteristic, too, was
Palmerston's assurance to the Duke that
he need not be in the least anxious about
Sebastopol : "You know it is an axiom of
military science that an invested fortress
is sure to fall. It is a mere question of
time." Palmerston was then seventy,
and his questioner just thirty, but the
Duke remembers that he felt himself the
older man. His autobiography reasonably
defends the Aberdeen Cabinet against
the charge that it was a deeply divided
body, a point made by Gladstone before
him. Besides, when disputes did occur,
they were rather personal than the out-
come of political predispositions. The
denunciation of that Government as a
" coalition " is based, in short, upon
exaggerated importance attached to corre-
spondence which in many instances never
came before the Cabinet. None the less
was it so composed as to be incapable of
conducting firm diplomacy ; and posterity
will hardly accept the Duke's complacent
interrogation of Lord Aberdeen : "In
all our long negotiations, lasting through
ten months, can you put your finger on
any one step to which you ought never
to have assented, or any one step you
ought to have taken and failed to take ? "
The autobiography ends towards the
winter of 1857, and the Dowager Duchess
has brought her husband's life to its close
in an agreeable narrative, copiously illus-
trated by correspondence and extracts
from speeches. The former source exhibits
the Duke as keeping a closer grip on affairs
than might be gathered from his brilliant,
but discursive oratory. Though he was
inclined to be pragmatic, his advice made,
on the whole, for moderation and wisdom,
notably when he urged upon Russell that
the Alabama should be detained if she
touched at a colonial port. When the
newly widowed Queen decided that she
would never again join in the " frivolities
of a Court," his reply, as communicated
to Gladstone, was a model of tact : —
" I replied to her in a way to indicate
that the love borne to her by her people
is one so uncommon, and BO valuable to
them and for them, that a response to it, in
somo form or other, by allowing her people
to see her and testify their feelings, would
be some day one of her public duties. This
was very guardedly expressed, hut the drift
was elear. and she sent me a message which
showed that she liked being reminded of a
756
THE ATHEN^UM
NM104, Jure 23, 1906
sympathy ami affection of which the Prince
was proud, and whioh she herself epprooia'
Xo i "in.- t.. later timet, the Duke un-
douhtedlv made a mistake in entering the
Cabinet of L880, for by that time In- had
gO< out of touch with liis party, except
when the " un>pcakahle Turk' was in
question. And when be had parted com-
pany with Gladstone, ho us certainly
made hca\y demands on the privilegee
<»f friendship by his lengthy coinininatory
« j list It's. Here is. a passage in one of them:
■ Your long fight with ' BeeconsfieldiBin
has, I think, thrown you into antagonism
with many political ((inceptions and sym-
pathies which once had a strong hold upon
you. Y< t they have certainly no It ss a
share of value and of truth than they ( ver
had, and perhaps they arc more needed in
face of the present chaos of opinion."
Yet the Duke gives us to understand that
the idea of hitnasa delighter in controversy
i> a popular delusion '
The Dowager Duchess appends a chapter-
on the Duke's scientific pursuits — a chapter
which is of some importance in its way,
though it fails to place him in the position
of being able to contend on equal terms
with Darwin, Herbert Spencer, or Lord
Kelvin. He had a keen eye for an excep-
tion, but he dealt loosely with scientific
principles. Of his paintings it may be
sai 1 fiat if they were not ducal, they
woull win recognition at most local schools
of art ; of his verse, that it was Words wort h-
ian, but generally commonplace. But his
life was one of worthy dignity and bene-
ficence, and when he was a young man its
moral was pointed by Agassiz after an
unexpected visit to Inveraray : " Happy
the people whose aristocracy is occupied
by such studies as I find here."
The Pageant of London. By Richard
Davey. Illustrated by John Fullev-
love, R.I. 2 vols. (Methuen & Co.) "
4i By seeing London," said Johnson, " I
have seen as much of life as the world can
show." Since Johnson's day the great
city has developed in directions which
were undreamt of by the moralist. A
succession of writers, from James Peller
Malcolm to Sir Walter Besant, have
attempted to trace the ever-flowing stream
of London life from its sources onwards,
and to follow the twists and turnings of
its course in the direction of social and
political progress as well as material
growth. Mr. Richard Davey, in the
volumes before us, has endeavoured to
attain this object by means of a number
of illustrative scenes. His book, he says,
in a sentence which is scarcely worthy
of his literary reputation, " consists of a
series of word-pictures of the principal
events that have transpired in the Metro-
polis " ; and it is called a " Pageant " in
the widest acceptation of that word, as
" meaning not only Coronations, Royal
marriages, funerals, and other pompous
shows and spectacles, but as signifying
the unrolling, as in a sort of procession,
of the story of the British Capital from the
day when Julius Caesar appeared on the
hanks of the Thame.-, to that which
witnessed the funeral of Queen Victoria."
It i- obvious thai a work ( onstracted on
these principles luus its limitation-. Of
the moral, intellectual, and religious sides
of London life, which in .Johnson- \ iew
constituted the most distinctive feature!
of the great city, no adequate portrayal
is presented to the readei ; not i an
loom be found for an analysis of that
deeper and more mysterious quality in
the "urbanity" of London which drove
away the hypochondria of Lamb, and
" fed hi- humour, until tears wetted his
'heck for unutterable sympathies with
the multitudinous moving picture." Nor
has Mr. Davey attempted to deal with
various questions which appeal to the
London student, such as the influence
exercised by the metropolis over the rest
of the kingdom ; the relations between
the City and the suburbs that surround it ;
the causes of the mutability of political
opinion which is distinctive of the capital
city of the Empire ; and many others
winch will readily suggest themselves to
those who take more than a superficial
interest in the development of London life.
But the reader whose tastes lie in the
direction of the more romantic and
pictorial side of history wiH find in Mr.
Davey's book, if not an entirely trust-
worthy guide, at all events a very readable
and companionable one.
In the collection of facts Mr. Davey
claims to have derived his information
from original sources, partly through
the medium of books, either ancient or
modern, and partly direct from con-
temporary documents. As he has re-
frained from giving his authorities, it is
difficult to test the accuracy of his text ;
but the broader statements of fact seem
to us to be generally correct, though there
is an unfortunate crop of errors in
points of detail. Some of the most
interesting chapters in his book are those
that deal with the reigns of the Tudors.
At no period of English history was the
" pageantry " which is the key-note of
the book displayed on a more extravagant
scale, nor were the tragedies which formed
a commonplace of London life ever more
frequently exhibited. The axe and
the gallows occupy a perhaps not dis-
proportionate space amongst Mr. Davey's
word-pictures. One of the best-written
chapters in the book is that which describes
the ill-fated career of Anne Bolevn. But
whilst dwelling at some length on pageants
and crimes that had no direct relation to
London life, Mr. Davey has laid no stress
on the fact that Henry VIII. placed the
citizens of the capital under an everlasting
obligation by his judicious exchanges of
land with the Abbey of Westminster.
Though intended in the first instance to
subserve his own selfish purposes, the
acquisition by the king of the land on
which the parks of Hyde and St. James
were afterwards laid out was a meritorious
deed which should be held in some measure
to atone for the many acts of cruelty and
jealousy which stained his reign.
The topographical chapters, though
brightly written, are disfigured by errors
of fait. Two will suffice a- examples.
Mr. Davey, writing of The Riverside
Palaces ' (i. 333 -hat " the existence
of three Suffolk Houses has given rise to a
good deal of oaufaved misstatement.*'
His explanation unfortunately make- OOSV
fusion wor-e. After referring to the death
of the widow of Henry Grey, Duke of
Suffolk, the father of Lady Jam Mi.
Davey writes : —
'Die Crey (states passed to a n« i
of the Lais Duke of Suffolk, 1. . of
Porgo [tie L, wi. ■ • ■ • arm l .. ■ • . oi
Suffolk, and laiilt himself a hou.-e m the Hu\ -
market, on the site of which now stand the
Suffolk Street Galleries and Suffolk Street
and Place."
The title of Lord Grey of Porgo never had
any existence, nor was any mem her of the
Grey family created Earl of Suffolk. The
nephew of the Duke of Suffolk, a son of
John Grey of Pirgo, was created Lord
Grey of Groby in 1603, and his son was
advanced to the Earldom of Stamford in
1628. None of the family had any con-
nexion with Suffolk Street, Haymarket.
On the following page Mr. Davey writes :
" Some twenty years later Montagu Hou-e,
as it was then called, came into the hands of
William Parker, Lord Morley, who was
raised to the peerage by Elizabeth as Viscount
Mounteagle."
This should read : " Montagu House
came into the hands of William Parker,
eldest son of Lord Morley, who was
summoned to Parliament in 1605 as Baron
Monteagle." Errors of this kind, which
might have been avoided by consulting
an ordinary peerage, occur on neatly
every page.
In addition to misstatements of fact*
there are a large number of misprint.-,
which seriously detract from the value of
the book. An interesting account is given
of the career of Perkin Warbeck. in which
the name of the Earl of Warwick is given
as George instead of Edward, and the
execution of Warbeck is antedated by a
year. The widow of Warbeck married
successively not two, but three, husbands.
To pass to more modern times, it
may be stated that the execution of
the Mannings, who twice figure in Mr.
Davey's pages (ii. 193, 575), took place
not in 1852, but in 1849. The assertion
in the Preface that Brutus " founded
Troam Novum or Trinovatum "' needs
correction. London Stone was certainly
not " converted into a millennium.*' nor,
without a lapse of grammar, could it ever
have been a " Milliarv Auream *' (i. 29).
In the list of names of celebrities who are
commemorated in Westminster Abbey we
have noticed that i\\v are wrongly spelt
on one page alone (ii. 435).
In a work intended for the general
reader rather than the serious student it
may perhaps seem ungracious to dwell
on imperfections which a very little care
would remove. It is a pleasanter task
to dwell on the merits of a book which is
replete with information, presented with
a considerable amount of literary skill.
Its value is enhanced by Mr. Fulleylove's
charming illustrations, which depict many
of the historic buildings of London, seen
N°4104, June 23, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
757
chiefly under the warm glow of a summer
sunset. But even in these plates we
should prefer to see the name of Staple
Inn properly spelt ; while the illustra-
tion labelled as ' Lincoln's Inn Fields '
does not represent that area, but depicts
Old Buildings, in the interior of the Inn.
The index deserves a word of praise,
although the name of Lamb is absent.
Augustus Austen Leigh, Provost of King's
College, Cambridge : a Record of College
Reform. Edited by William Austen
Leigh. (Smith, Elder & Co.)
It is a privilege to have been allowed to
read this book. There are full-dress
biographies of public men whose names
at the time of their death are in the
mouths of every one. There are privately
printed monographs, generally by one of
the family, and often as deficient in public
interest as they are in literary skill.
Thirdly, there are the lives of men of
supreme intellectual distinction, who by
mere accident, in the familiar words,
"have no memorial." The life which stands
outside these divisions lays, by the very
fact, a claim upon our attention, of a
peculiar character. Had the volume now
before us not been written, the world
would have been spiritually the poorer.
Of how many books published nowadays
can this be justly said ? " Excellence in
him was unvarying, and seemed to be
instinctive," is said of Austen Leigh as a
boy. " I never met with a more modest,
gentlemanlike young man," wrote Lord
Cowley, then British Ambassador at
Paris. Mr. F. A. Bosanquet calls him
" the most lovable of men." Mr. Heit-
land, who worked under him, says of him
that he was always kind, always firm,
always prompt, and always just, and
emphasizes his unaffected nobility. The
late E. W. Howson sums up his life in
three words : modesty, refinement, and
unselfishness. Dr. Prothero, as his
colleague, must, of course, have known
him almost better than any one in his
time, but his deeply reasoned eulogy is
too long to quote. Henry Sidgwick cited
him as Aristotle's equitable man. Such
overwhelming testimonies — and we have
cited but mere scraps from a tithe of
those here delivered by distinguished
men of the present time — would alone
arrest the attention and direct it towards
Austen Leigh's personality. Yet Austen
Leigh's character is but one part of this
remarkable book.
The history of the development of
King's College, Cambridge, is now well
known. The late Provost himself con-
tributed a historical statement upon
the subject to the public in his College
History ; but, as is here pointed out, a
large part of it could not be told by him.
The real greatness of Austen Leigh, it
has been said, lay in the fact that he
reformed the College, or assisted in its
reform, so quietly, and with such discre-
tion, that no one found out that any
great reform was being effected. A few
might grumble, a single person like
Mr. Bendyshe might obstruct ; but slowly
the work was carried out, and from a
position which has furnished a Cambridge
historian with one of the bitterest invec-
tives, King's has arisen to all but the
first position in the University. This
was the work accomplished during the
hegemony, and by the activity, of Augustus
Austen Leigh. The original statutory
number of King's College was 70, all told.
This was still preserved in 1867. By 1888
there were 29 resident Fellows and 94
undergraduates. In 1904 there were 35
resident Fellows and 146 undergraduates.
All this was accomplished in spite of that
agricultural depression which has visited
King Henry VI. 's foundation more severely,
perhaps, than any other college. It may
be contended that growing like a tree is
no sign of intellectual strength. Austen
Leigh was wise enough to perceive, as is
here pointed out, that a college to be
efficient must be of a certain size. There
is no room for small college manners now
left in Cambridge. Lord Chesterfield's
eulogy of Trinity Hall is out of date. No
one who knows King's College at the
present time could wish it smaller ; and
the Kingsman of to-day reaps the reward
of Austen Leigh's labours.
Of Austen Leigh's position as a scholar
we need not say much. His record, as
Eton schoolboy, undergraduate, and tutor,
is before the world. Never a great scholar
in a wide sense, he yet was typical of the
best Eton product. If he was not deep,
he was thorough, and on this point Prof.
Henry Jackson's definite statement may
be taken as a final testimony. So, too,
we may be allowed to take for granted
the universal tribute to his University
work. What he did, throughout his life,
he did excellently.
There is another side of the picture
which will strike all who know the Cam-
bridge of to-day in reading this memoir.
It is but a few months since another, and
in many ways a more remarkable, memoir
was given to the world. Henry Sidgwick
lived his life and fought his battle in the
same University, during the very same
years, as Austen Leigh. Yet any one
reading the two books might almost be
forgiven for thinking that the two men
lived, if not whole centuries apart, at least
geographically distant. They were walk-
ing the same streets, breathing the same
air, living the same life. There is not a
single allusion to the Provost in the life
of Sidgwick ; there is only a passing refer-
ence, already quoted, in the more recent
book. Austen Leigh's life equally leaves
Sidgwick alone. So distinct are these
two men. Such is Cambridge life, and
perhaps all university life, at the present
day. Such, we are almost tempted to
observe, are Trinity and King's ! The
remark is only half true, and by some
would be stigmatized as grossly untrue.
But it represents a fact, and King's with
its chapel services, its wonderful archi-
tecture, its peculiar personal charm, such
as men still living knew it in the nineteenth
century must be for ever identified with
Augustus Austen Leigh.
We have no space here to speak of the
late Provost's singular gift as a preacher —
a gift rarely exerted ; nor of his lifelong
devotion to cricket (an amusing, and
almost incredible, true story occurs on
p. 46 of a match between King's choristers
and Trinity choirboys) ; nor of his fond-
ness for music. The book throughout
has its quiet strain of humour, the best
hit being perhaps Mr. Bosanquet' s account
of the bedmaker's " Mr. Leigh " and
" Mrs. Austen's Mr. Leigh." There are
new side lights, too, thrown in these pages
on another great Kingsman, Henry Brad-
shaw. It is a book which no Kingsman
can afford to neglect, which every Cam-
bridge man should know, and which may
be committed as a precious legacy to the
coming century.
Personal Forces in Modern Literature.
By Arthur Rickett. (Dent & Co.)
Mr. Rickett disclaims for these papers,
originally delivered as lectures, a critical
character. They " are not intended as
contributions to critical literature." Lite-
rature is treated by them as " tempera-
ment expressed in terms of art," and his
aim is to deal with the selected writers
as personal forces energizing through
literature. He has therefore chosen ex-
amples of Moralist, Man of Science, Poet,
Novelist, and Vagabond — or, as we should
say, the literary Bohemian, typified by
Hazlitt and De Quincey, the writer who
claims interest for his personality. Mr.
Rickett appends an outline of reading for
students, including a selected bibliography
of the writers handled and the books con-
cerning them.
It is a good and somewhat original
conception ; and Mr. Rickett deprecates
searching criticism of its execution by
speaking of his " fugitive papers " and
emphasizing their casual origin. Yet we
must say that the scheme might have been
more distinctively and convincingly carried
out. Sometimes the " personal equation"
(as he styles it) is well marked — notably
in the case of Newman and Huxley. But
as a whole these papers are very much
like ordinary critical disquisitions, so
that few would discern any distinctive
intention. Even with the foreknowledge
afforded by the preface, that intention
mostly needs looking for : it allows itself
easily to be forgotten as we read. And
even where there is a certain ostentation
of system, we find ourselves at the close
with but a vague and confused idea of
what the author's remarks amount to —
with a difficulty of summarizing the view
laid before us. It reads, after all, not
only like literary appreciation, but also
like somewhat desultory and cursive
appreciation. As literary appreciation it
is neither novel nor deep. Of course, we
are not to estimate it as literary apprecia-
tion. But wo can scarce avoid doing so
when it is just like literary criticism.
One of Mr. Rickett's best points is an
eminent fairness of mind and catholic
sympathy with very diverse personalities.
He can be sympathetic towards Newman
758
THE AT II KNJKUM
N iiui, Jot 28, 1906
the upholder, and Huxley the ic clast,
of cl< »»_' n 1:1 . The paper on Huxley in,
indeed, one of the beet end most inter*
Qg in the book, and the most consistent
with its standpoint of personality. It is
in handling personality thai the author
shows to most advantage. The personal
side of the paper on Wordsworth is the
best. Hut this and thai on Keats and
Rossetti resolve themselves in fact, despite
the author's intention, into a litcrar\
disquisition on modern poets, covering
Shelley. Coleridge, Browning, Tennyson,
and even Arnold, with the three poets
named as a centre ; and one is conscious
of a thinness of surface from the critical
side, which is the uppermost aspect.
Even in the personal valuation there are
questionable points. We are not sure
that the hardnesses of Wordsworth's cha-
racter are effectively extenuated by his
patient charity towards the irreclaimable
frailty of Hartley Coleridge. Was it not
a remorseful reparation, all too late, for
his unbending impatience with the irre-
claimable frailty of Hartley's father ?
When " every mortal power of Coleridge
was frozen at its marvellous source," he
was prompt in pathetic regret for " the
rapt one of the godlike forehead, the
heaven-eyed creature." But no tender
memory of their early days softened the
outraged majesty of Wordsworth when
his old friend and inspirer besought,
broken-hearted, renewal of their sundered
amity. A slovenly opium-eater, become
a heavy nuisance to his friends, had dared
to complain of the impeccable W. W.; for
such a one there could be no forgiveness.
To have yielded the son the forbearance
refused to the father shows that the poet
had fella his fault and was not stone, but
can scarcely be entered as plea against the
charge of egoistic rigidity. Like death-
bed repentance, it may mitigate censure,
but not refute the cause for censure.
But in the literary valuation what shall
we say when Mr. Rickett, telling us that
he is concerned not with the colouring,
but ' ' the draughtsmanship, the symmetry"
of Keats's odes, quotes as examples a
passage from the ' Ode to Autumn '
wherein (as he says) " every word, every
line, every suggestion, carries with it
the autumnal atmosphere," and another
in which is " one of Nature's moods
seized upon and expressed unerringly in
terms of art " ? The quotations, in
other words, are chosen and dwelt upon
for their pictorial and emotional sugges-
tion of natural effect — for qualities which
might be included under " colouring,"
but most certainly have no relation to
draughtsmanship and symmetry — that is,
to structural perfection. We might give
other examples. We might dispute his
depreciation of certain Tennysonian
passages to exalt by comparison Words-
worth ; not that the former are equal to
the Wordsworth poem, but we deny the
reason alleged for their inferiority. One
example will illustrate the occasional
laxity and superficiality of Mr. Rickett's
criticism ; and we are disposed to feel
more aggrieved by a light-hearted in-
accuracy in his poetic quotations, to
which the printer ha-- pfrhef lent In
reokleSfl aid. " One ail for thee and D
in bead of "wail"; "wenl by her like
then flames," instead of "thin flam
— these savour the printer. Hut •
pi-rating minor slips ir_"_" t unverified
((notation; an?I is it the printer who has
omitted an entire line in a pa iag€ from
' Christabel ' 1 l >■ ipite shortcomings,
however, Mr. Rickett's hook is the agree-
able work of a man of taste and many
Sympathies; while he himself hasten- to
deny that it is profound.
NEW NOVELS.
The Adventures of Alicia. By Katharine
Tynan. (F. V. White & Co.)
This story of Mrs. Hinkson's is not unlike
some of its predecessors. There are the
usual ease of manner and the usual
pleasant people and pleasant places, but
one feels that the author is getting rather
too much into a groove. This story is, if
anything, slighter than the others, and more
in the nature of a series of pictures of
various households, Irish and English,
introduced through the medium of one of
the author's " nice " Irish girls, who is
out in the world to gain a living. The
cause of most of her difficulties and adven-
tures is the fact of her possessing more
than her fair share of beauty. Hence
complications and some untowardness
till she makes a satisfactory marriage with
the only man she ever loved.
Queen of the Rushes. By Allen Raine.
(Hutchinson & Co.)
Considered as a series of pictures repre-
senting Welsh landscape and Welsh people,
this book has much charm and a certain
quiet interest. As a story it fails by an
excessive and inartistic introduction of the
marvellous. Not only do the dumb
speak, but the dead also are raised up ;
and in neither case are the circumstances
such as to convince us of the necessity
for the miracle. The author is perhaps
at her best in dealing with the recent
revival, towards which she maintains an
attitude of discriminating sympathy. The
characters give a general impression of
being in harmony with their environment,
but we are not sure that any of them
would bear the test of minute inspection.
Count Bunker. By J. Storer Clouston.
(Blackwood & Sons.)
Admirers of that engaging narrative
' The Lunatic at Large ' will extend a
cordial welcome to this volume, which is
described by its author as being " a bald
yet veracious chronicle containing some
further particulars " of the two principal
characters in that story. It must be
admitted that ' Count Bunker ' partakes
of the usual fate of sequels : it is not
equal to its predecessor. But it is amusing ;
it has a good deal of that rollicking merri-
ment which is generally associated with
holiday reading. The fun may be rather
that of the pillow-fight, hut it is fun
and should be enfoyed by all who
are in the vein which make- practical
jokes amusing. The Bavarian Baron von
Blitoenberg, with Count Hunker's adv-
ance, impersonate! a ireedy youth who
ha- jii-t Stepped mi- 8 I h peer..
and pis part for the pui p t I f
winning an American h' • dollars
are urgently needed to .-uppoit the High-
land chiefta te.
J'/i'intasma. By A. C. Inchbold. (Hlack-
wood & Sons.)
The writer takes a critical episode of
Napoleon's career (at the time he was
hard pressed in his Egyptian expedition,
and was coming to the momentous deci-
sion, East or West, in his further aims)
to introduce a love element and a spiritual-
istic motive into his story. Nazli, the
daughter of Murad Bey. i- a Mamlook
Joan of Arc, and Napoleon's vision in
the wilderness is at all points impressive.
Nazli in her '* astral body " makes one of
the weird company on the ridge of El
Murakha when the Druse necromancer is
expounding the hero's fate. But it is
Kleber, not his leader, who so nearly
draws the Amazon away from her war-
like purpose, and for whose sake she
welcomes death. The characters, Egyptian
and other, follow the record of the time,
and are well defined. Incident and
movement are not wanting, but in places
the style becomes too turgid, while an
occasional lapse into modern vernacular
gives comic effect to sustained and
sonorous narrative.
In the Shadow. By Henry C. Rowland.
(Heinemann.)
The comic negro and the pious negro are
familiar to all readers of fiction, and it
would not be easy to decide which is the
more unreal. But Mr. Rowland has given
us a study of the real negro, and a wonder-
full}'- powerful and convincing study it is.
He has taken as his hero Count Dessalines,
a rich Haytian, educated in England, and
inspired with an ambition to regenerate
his people by making himself Emperor of
Hayti. The strength and the weakness
of the man are depicted with admirable
skill and restraint. Dessalines is intelli-
gent, cultured, and passionately religious ;
but the traits of character inherited from
generations of negroes render him utterly
futile, and secure for him both contempt
and pity. The author is evidently an
American, and has made a careful study
of the negro temperament, while his
obvious sympathy with an unfortunate
race does not render him any the less
loyal to truth. ' In the Shadow ' deserves
to be widely read.
The Black Motor-Car. By Harris Burland.
(Grant Richards.)
If this were the author's first book, it
would be a rather interesting production.
As we believe it is not, we cannot find
excuse for this opening paragraph : —
N° 4104, June 23, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
759
" Mrs. De La Mothe sat alone in her pretty
drawing-room in Kensington. A single
standard lamp with a fluffy pink shade
threw a rose-coloured light on her face.
A book lay open on her knees, but it was
evident that her thoughts were far away
from its contents. She was twining her
hands together nervously, and the jewelled
rings flashed on her thin white fingers.
Every now and then she looked at the little
ormolu clock on the mantelpiece. Marie
de la [sic] Mothe was a beautiful woman ;
there were those who thought her the most
beautiful woman in the world."
There is much more in precisely the same
transpontine vein, and it is headed ' The
Temptress.' It is not an excerpt from
one of Bret Harte's ' Condensed Novels,'
but an author's deliberate choice of open-
ing for his story ; and a more striking
example of the use of the cliche in thought
and diction it would be hard to find. The
author has deliberately drawn curtains
across the windows of life, and peered
into the well-thumbed book of the tradi-
tions of sensational fiction. But the volume
contains indications of a gift for narrative,
and some respectable powers of descrip-
tion ; it is compact of energy and
enthusiasm.
The Uphill Road. By E. C. Ruthven.
(Chapman & Hall.)
We have here another specimen of a class
of fiction which seems to be continually
on the increase, and which, alike in its
merits and its defects, is especially cha-
racteristic of the present day. It shows
considerable literary feeling, respectable
powers of description, and some skill in
character-drawing ; yet, on the whole,
it cannot be pronounced a success, partly
because the central figure, a solitary
woman of the modern introspective type,
does not awaken sufficient interest to
justify the elaborate analysis of her
sensations, and partly because the
story hinges upon a species of problem
(the marriage of the hereditarily unfit)
which in actual life never seems to b©
considered as of practical account by the
persons chiefly concerned. A special word
of praise is due to the humorous, but sym-
pathetic presentment of the third-rate
continental restaurant, with its Cockney
landlady and its medley of strange cus-
tomers.
Hasty Fruit.
Stock.)
By Helen Wallace. (Elliot
The hills and glens of the Scottish Border,
among which the author is evidently at
home, and tropical, swampy, utterly un-
civilized " New Gambia," are the con-
trasted scenes in which the main action
of an exceptionally interesting love story
is set. The book has already reached a
second edition, and exhibits a decided
advance in power and insight on 1 he
author's previous work. She dealt over-
much with religious matters in a previous
novel, but here hardly a page is devoted
to religion, though the reader feels, or
ought to feel, a struggle between the
opposed powers of godliness and world li-
ness taking place behind the stage. To
convey this is a notable feat in a work
presenting the marriage of a beautiful
heiress, used to social triumphs, with a
Scot devoted to missionary work in a
dangerous and unhealthy region. She is
attracted by the strength and nobility
of his character, he by her charm and the
sympathy of her kindred, but ill-trained
spirit. A judicious selection of the con-
sequences of such an alliance is put
before us, providing some excitement and
plenty of wholesome entertainment.
A Veneered Scamp. By Jean Middlemass.
(John Long.)
This story of crime and revenge does not
stimulate overmuch, perhaps because the
author and the matter are not quite suited,
or because revenge in modern fiction
seldom " comes off." The plot — for there
is a plot of a kind — appears to turn on
two problems : Who slew the Earl ?
Who kidnapped the lady ? No one — not
even the author — forgets with whom he
has to do, and the titles of earl and
countess are ever present. The avenger
is the Countess herself. If, in the well-
worn phrase of some novelists, she is not
constantly " drawing herself to her full
height," she does and says other things
of the same sort. Her servants are her
" people," and we read of a " breakfast
apparatus " and kindred expressions.
The Newell Fortune. By Mansfield
Brooks. (John Lane.)
The author of ' The Newell Fortune ' has
chosen an effective, if not very original
theme in the history of a young man who,
discovering that the inheritance bequeathed
him by his father has been acquired in
the slave trade, devotes his life to making
such atonement as is possible. Yet the
hero's experiences, though they seem to be
partly drawn from real life, and include
such promising items as a suspected
murder, a London gambling-hell, and a
tussle with slave-drivers in Sierra Leone,
have no great attractive power. To use
the pleasing dialect of latter-day journal-
ism, they " lack actuality," and the
writer has mifch to learn in the art of
telling a story.
The Cubs. By Shan F. Bullock. (Werner
Laurie.)
Mr. Bullock's purpose in writing ' The
Cubs ' has evidently been to give a truth-
ful account of life in a large Irish school.
His picture is vividly painted. If, how-
ever, we are to accept it as true, an
Irish school must be nearly as unpleasant
a place as Dotheboys Hall, and Irish
schoolboys must be infinitely more objec-
tionable than the worst of " Stalky's "
fellow-pupils. The early pages of ' The
Cubs ' consist chiefly of descriptions of
the tortures inflicted by the big boys on
the small boys, and arc decidedly un-
pleasant and rather tiresome. That the
story will interest boys there is no doubt,
but it will hardly, we think, greatly attract
grown-up readers. Schoolboys are usually
represented either as tiresome little prig3
or offensive little brutes, and the genuine
article seems to elude the artist. Mr.
Bullock's hero is fairly true to life, but
his other boys fail to impress us with a
sense of their reality.
The Mantle of the Emperor. By Ladbroke
Black and Robert Lvnd. (Francis
Griffith.)
This is an historical novel, and its hero is
Napoleon III. The story deals with his
youth from the time when, as a member
of the Carbonari society, he took part in
an attempt at revolution in the Papal
States, until the day when he escaped in
disguise from the prison of Ham. The
story is supposed to be told by an Irish
adventurer with a passionate devotion to
Louis Napoleon, but the portrait of the
hero gives us the impression that he was
a poor creature, and we are at a loss
to understand why the narrator was so
fascinated by him. The book does not
deserve much attention, either as history
or romance, although the story of Louis
Napoleon's share in the Italian insurrec-
tion is, in the main, faithfully told. The
authors ought to have known that the
" Marche " of Central Italy are not the
" Marshes," and that the Carbonari
addressed one another not as " com-
rades," but as " cousins."
HISTORICAL LITERATURE.
The Valerian Persecution : a Study of the
Relations between Church and Stoic in the
Third Century A.D. By the Rev. Patrick
J. Healy, D.D., of the Catholic University
of America. (Constable & Co.) — In this
valuable study Dr. Healy shows that he
belongs to the small number of Roman
Catholic students of ecclesiastical history
who, like the Abbe Duchesne, are prepared
to investigate historical evidence without
theological bias, and possess the requisite
training for scientific criticism. The perse-
cution of Christianity in the middle of the
third century, which he has chosen for his
subject, forms the central stage in the struggle
between the Empire and the Church, and
both throws light upon the nature of the
earlier and obscurer collisions of Christianity
with the secular authorities, and helps us
to understand the subsequent persecutions
of Diocletian and C.alerius. ' The persecu-
tions which took place in the reigns of Decius
and Valerian," the author observes,
"are the high-water mark of the antagonism
between Christianity and the religious forms of
pagan Rome. Each side seemed to have attained
to a full realization of the fact that it contained in
it qualities destructive of vital elements in the
other, and that, notwithstanding the changes time
had wrought, no lasting peace could he hoped for
until one side or the other was completely
eradicated."
Tn his survey of the religions of the Empire
Dr. Healy exhibits fairness and objectivity,
and, unlike the ordinary theologian, he seems
able to place himself at the pomt of view of
the Imperial government in its attitude to
tho Christians, and calmly to recognize the
reasons for the exceptional treatment which
thej receivedi
In regard to the disputed question whether
a law or laws proscribing Christianity existed
before the time of Trajan, the author, in
opposition to Mommsen and Prof. Ramsay,
adopts the affirmative view, and holds that
760
THE ATI! KN^UM
N 4104, Ji m. 28, 1906
there was mi edict til iin i \t< i minatory
charm t«i , containing the words non licet
Christiana*. This is inferred from the
facts tlmt Terl ulliiiii, Origen, Sulpioius
Si \iiiis, mill Lampridius all we the nme
expression, and that the decree by which
GaJeriua terminated his persecution began
with the words denuo sitti Christian*. The
similarity of language certainly points t" a
oommon source, and it is plausible tu eon
jeeture thai this was the early edict, provided
we are convinced that such sua edict existed.
Bui ite existence, it probable, has not yet
been proved.
lu dealing With his special theme Dr.
Sealy has to make large u««e of t ' e * rlistoria
AiiL'usta ' and of the "Acta' of martyrs.
His treatment of the ' Historia Augusta '
cannot be considered altogether satisfactory.
It is clear that he lias not realized or faced
the results of recent criticism as to the docu-
ments and speeches which occur in the lives
of that collection. He assumes, for instance,
without a hint that there can be two opinions
on the subject, that the deprecatory speech
which is placed in the mouth of Ballista by
Trebellius Pollio is genuine : " Ballista, in
a speech which has been preserved by one
of his auditors, deprecated his fitness for
the position." In regard to the hagio-
graphical ' Acta ' we cannot make this com-
plaint. He holds with those scholars who
consider the ' Acts of Montanus ' and the
' Passion of Marianus and Jacobus ' to be
genuine ; but he states the opposite opinion,
and refers to the works of those who enter-
tain it. But it would have been more
satisfactory to the reader if in both these
cases he had supplied a full summary of
the arguments on both sides, instead of
the brief and insufficient indications which
he lias given. It was incumbent on him to
do more than cite the authority of scholars
like Pio Franchi de' Cavalieri. Dr. Healy,
of course, follows this scholar in rejecting
the story that St. Laurence was roasted on
a gridiron as a legend pure and simple, which
possibly arose from an error in transcription
{assiis est for passus est).
We have praised the author's impartiality ;
but we may detect a certain prepossession
in his account of the fate of the Emperor
Valerian. The oldest pagan accounts say
that he grew old in captivity and was treated
as a slave in Persia. Rut Christian writers
give graphic accounts of ignominious treat-
ment. He " was loaded down with chains,
and was led around at the stirrup of his
captor, still robed in his royal purple and
bearing the imperial insignia of his former
greatness " ; " whenever Shahpur mounted
on horseback he placed his foot on the neck
of his imperial slave." Dr. Healy's criticism
is that the pagan writers intentionally sup-
pressed these shameful details, and he gives
credence to the Cliristians, on the ground
that as the Emperor had been their oppressor,
they had no motive not to speak the full
truth. The argument is dangerous, for it
furnishes the answer that they had a motive
to speak more than the truth.
We wonder why Dr. Healy has chosen for
this useful book a title wliich can only be
described as colloquial. A work dealing
with the persecution in Nero's reign would be
entitled, not ' The Nero Persecution,' but
' The Neronian Persecution.' ' The Valerian
Persecution ' is particularly infelicitous,
because it ought to imply a persecution by
Valerius. We notice a siip on p. 112, " the
imperial peplum " ; and the August al
Prefect of Egypt is twice (pp. 133, 152)
erroneously called the " Proconsul."
The Age of Justinian and Tlieodora : a
History of tJie Sixth Century A.D. By
William Gordon Holmes. Vol. I. (Bell &
Sons.) — This first volume of a work which
.-> to be spaciously planned conts
a careful and vivid description of the topo*
graphy of Constantinople, and a very read-
able, imt to say " spicy," account of Byzan-
tine society, in its graver a- well as lighter
.i i"'i . from the fourth century to the
sixth. The author- attitude in virtually
that of Gibbon; he regards the Middle
Ages as a period during wliich despot jam
and "Christian superstition" stifled every
impulse of progress. His scholarship is good,
his reading extensive : his judgment is
aoious and independent ; he has n
conscientiously, and with evident enjoyment.
studied the original sources, and IS generally,
though not invariably, abreast of modern
arch. But in regard to the Byzantine
Empire he still maintains the view (now
generally discarded) of Gibbon and Voltaire :
"The history of the disintegrating and moribund
Byzantine Empire has been explored by modern
scholars with untiring assiduity ; and the exposi-
tion of that debased polities] system will always
reflect more credit on their brilliant researches
than on the chequered annals of mankind.''
The influence of Gibbon is manifest.
The following description, which is based
on the evidence of John Chrysostom, may be
quoted as an example of the interesting
material wliich Mr. Holmes has collected and
skilfully arranged : —
" Ladies, to attend public worship, bedeck them-
selves with all their jewels and finery, whence
female thieves, mingling amongst them, often take
the opportunity to reap their harvest. Men, in
the most obvious manner, betray their admiration
for the women placed within their range of vision.
The general behaviour of the audience is more sug-
gestive of a place of amusement than of a holy
temple ; chattering and laughter go on continually,
especially among the females ; and, as a popular
preacher makes his points, dealing didactically or
reprehensively with topics of the day, the whole
congregation is from time to time agitated with
polemical murmurs, shaken with laughter, or
bursts into uproarious applause. Contiguous to
each church is a small building called the Baptis-
tery, for the performance of the ceremonial entailed
on those who wish to be received among the Chris-
tian elect. The practice of the period is to subject
the body to complete immersion in pure water, but
separate chambers or times are set apart for the
convenience of the two sexes. Here on certain
occasions nude females of all ages and ranks
descend by steps into the baptismal font, whilst
the ecclesiastics coldly pronounce the formulas of
the mystic rite, a triumph of superstition over con-
cupiscence pretended more often perhaps than
real."
To the word " superstition " in the last
sentence a curious note is appended, exhibit-
ing a naive and airy " cocksureness " wliich
strikes the attention in other places where
the writer touches on religion : —
" I had almost said piety, one of the words des-
tined, with the extinction of the thing, to Income
obsolete in the future, or to be applied to some
other mental conception."
This volume comes down to the marriage
of Justinian. In discussing the pre-Imperial
career of Theodora, Mr. Holmes shows that
he is a competent master of the subject of
the Greek and Roman demi-monde, and it
is characteristic that his verdict as to the
morals of the future Empress agrees with
Gibbon's. Recent critics have not denied
that she was a courtesan, but they have been
disposed to take the notorious picture of
her degradation in the undoubtedly genuine
' Secret History ' of Procopius with many
grains of salt. Mr. Holmes lias no critical
salt to infuse here. He accepts the account
literally, and concludes that " on the scene,
or at private reunions, she distinguished
herself by her impudicity above any of her
companions."
We may call attention to a misleading
statement which seems to be original on the
part of the author. He says (p. 19) that
" the < .■ i i, oi cull then 'ii
stunt inupie till later centuries. Hum with
PrOOOpiUS, the chief Writer of the sixth
century, it is always still Byzantium."
The argument infortuni tte-
iiient. Proeopius Oalled thecitj Byzantium
because he wrote in a conventional literary
style, and was consciousl) reminiscent of
classical antiquity . Hi- contemporary •John
.Mululas, whose chronicle is written in the
vulgar tongue, calls uitinople. 1
inhabitants, no doubt, then. BS later, called
it in ordinary com i rsatii na simply "the oil
Note* "a tin Earlier H I Harton-on-
Humber. Vol. J. By Robert Brown, jun.
(Elliot Stock.)— This book of 130 pages and
many illustrations com. history of
Barton-on-Humbcr down to 1154 or
end of the Norman period." Its chief value
consists in the various illustrations of the
famed Saxon church of St. !'< fcer, with a
r« production of the conflicting opinion as to
the age and use of the different parts of that
fabric. Another point of much interest is
the discussion as to the great Anglo-Saxon
victory of Brunanburb. Mr. Brown adopts
the theory of the late Bishop Trollope that
this battle was fought at the southern
extremity of the lordship of Barton-on-
Humber. There is much to be said in favour
of this supposition, but it is going a good
deal too far to claim that the site has been
certainly identified. The extraordinary-
diversity of opinion among scholars of repute
with regard to the situation of this great
struggle is not a little remarkable. The idea
of the fight having taken place on the verge
of the Humber is not consonant with the
Saga version of the story, for the vanquished
host is represented as beinc two days'
journey from the sea. We have reason to
believe that the claims of a Midland county
as the site of the Brunanburh fight will before
long be offered for the discussion of anti-
quaries and historians. We shall be sur-
prised if these claims, wdien put forth, are
not generally admitted to outweigh those of
Barton.
The author proposes to continue his notice
of this township during the period 1154-77
in a second volume.
The Manors of Suffolk : the Hundreds of
Babergh and Blaekbourn. By W. A. Oopinger,
LL.D. (Fisher Unwin.) — There have recently
appeared in these columns several short
notices of the five elaborate and carefully
compiled index volumes, issued by Dr.
Copinger in 1904-5, of the existing records
of the various parishes in the large county
of Suffolk. It is a pleasure to find the same
author entering upon a more definite task
with regard to the history of the same
county — a task for which he is obviously
well 'equipped. The present volume of
manorial history deals with the two hundreds
of Babergh and Blaekbourn. which formed
part of the great Liberty of St. Edmunds ;
it is of small folio size, and contains about
450 pages. The author tells us that it is
to be regarded as " a kind of trial volume."
for it is the first of six like volumes that are
already complete in MS. on the manors of the
whole county. If it " meets with accept-
ance " sufficient to pay the cost of print in g,
the remainder w ill at once be put in hand.
The material in this "trial volume'' is so
thoroughly good of its kind, and so well
arranged, that a sufficient number of sub-
scribers ought speedily to be obtained.
Dr. Copinger admits, in his introductory-
note, that more might have been said
respecting the manors, and particularly
with regard to the manor houses ; but as
there are about 2,000 manors in the county,
and the expediency of restricting the work
to 6even volumes seemed desirable, " little
N° 4104, June 23, 1906
THE ATHEJN^EUM
761
more than dry facts " could be given. As
to " dry facts," the reader of these pages
will be agreeably surprised to find that they
include a considerable variety of informa-
tion which is at once interesting and enter-
taining, and at times not a little surprising.
Some of these incidents gain not a little in
piquancy from the dry way in which they
are put on record. Two such statements,
both of a semi-tragical character, may be
cited as examples of Dr. Copinger's succinct
method.
The first of these concerns the Cokes of
Kettleburgh Hall. Richard Coke died in
1688, and his wife Elizabeth in 1716 ; they
were both buried in the parish church of
Livermere Parva : —
" They left, it appears, no issue, and the unfor-
tunate Arundel Coke, barrister-at-law, who was
executed in 1722 at Bury St. Edmunds, was heir
to this estate. Arundel Coke was hanged at Bury
in March, 1722, under the Coventry Act, for defac-
ing his brother-in-law Edward Crispe of Bury, and
his execution was by his own desire at 7 o'clock in
the morning, to avoid the crowd of people. He
was buried in the chancel of the church of Little
Livermere the same day. A daughter of his was
married to Mr. Godbold, father of the John God-
bold of Bury who married Miss Delanoeire Discip-
line. Mr. Crispe, the brother-in-law, survived the
melancholy misfortune 24 years, dying 6 Sept.,
1746, aged 74."
Dr. Copinger does not even allow himself
space to say that the Coventry Act, imposing
capital punishment on those who wilfully
mutilated the human countenance by such
an act as slitting the nose, was hurriedly
passed by Parliament in their indignation
against the Court bullies who inflicted this
particular defacement on Sir John Coventry,
M.P., in consequence of certain remarks he
had made in the House about Charles II.
In the account of Little Haugh Manor,
in Norton parish, which was held by that
learned antiquary and recluse Dr. Cox
Macro from 1737 to 1757, it is stated : —
" He had two children, a son and a daughter.
The son was of a somewhat delicate constitution,
but proceeded to Emmanuel College, Cambridge,
where he had the privilege of having Bishop Hurd
for his tutor. He died before his father, having
gone abroad for the benefit of his health. Mr.
Tymms refers to a tradition that the young man
was murdered bjr his sister, who wanted to obtain
the property, and that a skeleton was found in a
box in the house and believed to be his ; but having
regard to the eccentric old father's character, one
might almost feel surprise that more skeletons
than one were not discovered. Mary, the daughter,
inherited the property on her father's death, and
it is related that she immediately applied to Mr.
Green, the bookseller at Bury, to spare no expense
in getting the announcement of her father's decease
in every newspaper. This was with the object of
the announcement falling under the notice of
William Stainforth, of Sheffield, whose addresses
her father would never countenance. The notices
were successful, and the marriage took place."
There is, however, abundance of more
solid material in these pages, of much value
to the genealogical enthusiast or the topo-
graphical writer. From the Domesday
entry (and such entries are unusually full
in the Suffolk part of the great Survey), the
descent of almost every manor is traced
down to the present day. We notice a few
cases in which some important links, which
could have been recovered by search among
the uncalendared rolls and documents of the
Public Record Office, are missing ; but com-
plete accuracy and fullness cannot be
achieved by any one man in a lifetime, how-
ever diligent, when dealing with 2,000 manors ;
such excellence is only to be obtained in
some great co-operative work. Nor are the
references to extant court rolls in places of
public deposit quite so full as they might
be. We do not notice, for instance, any
reference to court rolls temp. Richard II. of
Newton Manor, which are at the Bodleian.
It will be a surprise to not a few to learn
that the custom of Borough English — whereby
the youngest son or daughter succeeds to the
manor in cases of intestacy — which is fairly
common in some of the Southern counties,
especially in Sussex, still largely prevails in
East Anglia. Dr. Copinger mentions its
occurrence on the manor of Weston
Market, and states that it is said to prevail
in eighty manors in Suffolk.
Wiston Manor, in Babergh Hundred, on
the verge of the county, was part of the
Honor of Raleigh. A peculiar court was
held by the lord of this honor yearly on
King's Hill, Rochford, on Wednesday next
after Michaelmas Day, at cockcrow, and
was vulgarly known as Lawless Court. The
steward and suitors carried on their business
in whispers ; no candle nor artificial light
was permitted to brighten the gloom ; nor
was any pen or ink used, a piece of coal
supplying their place. To quicken attend-
ance at this exceptional hour, it was provided
that any one owing suit or service, and failing
to appear, was to forfeit to the lord double
his rent for every hour that he was absent. It
is supposed that this servile attendance was
imposed on the tenants of the honor " for
conspiring at the like unseasonable time to
raise a commotion."
The accounts and illustrations of some of
the more interesting of the old manor houses
lend an additional value to the volume.
One of the most remarkable of these is the
little-known West Stow Hall, now vised as
a farm-house, where there is a large room
with massive beams and panelling, as well
as embattled pediments and other good
remains of various dates. The brick gate-
way, temp. Henry VIII., is still connected
with the house by a curious corridor of the
like material. This manor was bequeathed
by Dame Croftes in 1669 to Edward Progers,
who had been a page to Charles I., and was
groom of the chamber to Charles II., to
whose pleasures he assiduously ministered.
" The gay Progers " lived to a great age and
had a strange end : —
"He died the 31 Dec, 1713, aged 92, of the
anguish of cutting teeth, he having cut four more
teeth and had several others ready to cut, which so
inflamed his gums that he died."
A particularly commendable and novel
feature of the plates in this volume is that
the account of each hundred is preceded by
excerpts of those parts of three early maps
that pertain to the district, placed in juxta-
position on the same page. This is a happy
arrangement for comparative purposes ; the
maps are those of Saxton (1576), Speed
(1610), and Bowen (1777).
Mr. Hone's The Manor and Manorial
Records, which appears in Messrs. Methuen's
excellent series of " Antiquary's Books,"
forms a very suitable introduction for the
beginner in the study of manorial court rolls,
of which many are in private hands. With-
out aspiring to original inquiry into the
vexed themes that surround the mediaeval
manor, the compiler has made use of many
trustworthy authorities in constructing his
general sketch of manorial history, and has
enriched his collection by some usoful
appendixes. The lists of court rolls in the
custody of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners
and of the Land Revenue Office, now
deposited at the Record Office, of the court
rolls at the British Museum, at Lambeth
Palaoe, and at the Bodleian, are derived
from catalogues accessible only in MS.
They form a valuable supplement to the
printed list of the Record Office. Mr.
Hone's list of manor courts with testa-
mentary jurisdiction is the more important •
as it goes to disprove the suggestion that
this jurisdiction existed only as a relic of
papal power. The bibliography is excellent,
but we note the absence of reference to
Prof. Maitland's paper on the ' Survival of
Archaic Communities ' in the Law Quarterly
Review, ix. 214, which would have led to
the correction of certain statements in Mr.
Hone's text. Many of the plates are well
chosen, but they are not in all cases assigned
to a right date, and several are not from
English sources. The latter half of the book
contains translations of typical records.
As the book is designed for the use of lords
of the manor and others who have court
rolls which they may desire to read, it is
a pity that the facsimiles are of reduced
size, and that no specimen transliterations
are given (except a very short list of common
abbreviations). The translations are not
in all respects accurate, the familiar use of
the " score," represented by xx over the
number, being misunderstood. A man who
had proved the whereabouts of a certain
sheep is described as " accused of forfing
lid." We question whether "accused"
represents the original ; it seems to be a
case in which " forfang," reward for the
recovery of stolen property, was ob-
tained. Prof. Vinogradoff's ' Growth of the
Manor ' gives a sounder explanation of
the term " foreland " than that which is
here supplied. Mr. Hone notes that a
society of manorial stewards is in process of
formation, one of the objects of which is
to aid and encourage the preservation and
study of manorial court rolls ; but he hopes
nevertheless that if the proposal to establish
County Record Offices should be carried
into effect, many lords may be induced to
deposit therein their manorial records.
He supplies an excellent index, containing
the names of all the places of which the rolls
are catalogued in his appendixes.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
For the fourth volume of ' The Times '
History of the War in South Africa (Sampson
Low & Co.) Mr. Basil Williams, rather than
Mr. Amery, is chiefly responsible. He has
had an ungrateful task, for the operations
recorded were not of a nature to admit of
interesting literary treatment. With the
exception of the political and strategic con-
ceptions discussed in the previous volumes,
and such romantic episodes as were con-
nected with the earlier part of the siege of
Ladysmith and of the blockade of Mafeking,
the war was as confused as were the marches
and counter-marches of the French and
Spaniards in the Peninsular campaign. A
detailed history of the South African War
must resemble a history of the Peninsular
War without the great battles and without
Badajos. The genius of Napior. triumphant
in his account of Albuera and of the other
storms and battles, failed to elevate the
story of the long-drawn skirmishes of the
Spaniards to the rank of history. The
narrative is here brought from the occupa-
tion of Bloemfontein to the return of Lord
Roberts to England and the general elect ion ;
but there appear at the end additional
chapters, on the close of the siege of Lady-
smith and on the blockade of Kimberley
and of Mafeking, which are curiously out of
place, by reason of their postponement.
Neither are we pleased with the description
of the one Boer attempt to take Mafeking,
which has been graphically described by
several eye-witnesses in previous books
reviewed by us.
The authors of the present volume have
dealt fairly with the difficult episodes of
762
THE ATHENAEUM
NMloi, Jure 23, 1906
Banna's Post and Lindley. They have done
justice to Pramer for has operations in the
North East. They have criticized with
vigour the extraordinary weakness <>f the
Headquarters Staff. We have on several
occasions taken the surrender of the l.incolns
ami of a part of the Scots Cloys at Zihkai -
Nek a- an exemplification of the difficulties
which attend the attempt to allot Maine for
the failures of the British army in South
All ica. The facts come ont e\ en worse in
the present volume than in any previous
examination of them. It is impossible to
resist the conclusion that, although the two
colonels may have been rightly censured
ami removed, the responsibility of the
Headquarters Staff was great. While (as
Mr. Basil Williams states) in the, case of
Sauna's Tost " no proper inquiry was ever
made into the circumstances," in the case
of Zilikat- Nek two inquiries were held,
and both were thoroughly unsatisfactory.
The authors point out in many passages
contained in different chapters, we believe
from different hands, that Lord Kitchener
was only a " nominal Chief of the Staff,"
and that he was generally sent away from
headquarters to deal with urgent details at
distant spots. " There was no one to take
his place. .. .Confusion often resulted."
It is shown that
"even the Boers, with their rudimentary staff
arrangements, provided full and constant informa-
tion for their own commanders The British
generals from first to last were often ignorant of
what the column nearest them was doing."
Orders were seldom clear, and were often
"transmitted through an}' secretary or even
aide-de-camp who happened to be present. Then
Lord Kitchener, in ignorance of what had been
done, would sometimes, as Chief of the Staff,
transmit other orders."
It frequently occurred that orders of a con-
tradictory nature were given to the troops,
and no arrangement whatever made for
transport. Two great disasters to the
military train, both of which had far-
reaching consequences, were the direct
result of bad staff work. Over and over
again we read in the present volume such
words as these : " Thus the ultimate blame
of the disaster must be laid on the Head-
quarters Staff." It was not the fault of the
officers, who were most of them good, and
some of them brilliant ; but of the total
absence of system and of training in staff
duties which has long prevailed, and still
continues, in the British army.
The farm-burning policy is severely con-
demned in the present volume as hopelessly
unfitted to the circumstances, and as based
on experience of results in dealing with
savage peoples, when all who knew South
Africa were aware that the result likely to
be produced upon the Dutch was the opposite
to that intended. In the account of the
blockade of Kimberley the singular nervous-
ness of the civilian population is displayed
in more detail than has hitherto been made
public. The authors seem to have had at
their command other telegrams besides
the strange ones which have already seen
the light, and, under the heading " Excited
telegrams to Sir A. Milner," they give an
account including " a whole batch of hys-
terical telegrams in a single day."
We do not know what Col. Henderson
would have made of his official history of
the Boer War ; but we do not envy the War
Office the task of trying to improve upon the
venture of The Times and Mr. Amery.
Mr. Lionel Declk publishes through
Mr. Eveleigh Nash The New Russia. The
appendix on political parties in Russia,
their principles and their newspapers, is of
interest. We are less pleased with the
contents of the book it ■' If. although we are
disposed to agree in the general view taken
by the author, lie. like 77c Athenaeum, b
sceptical ai to constitutional reform in
Russia. He points out the many pieces of
evidence which x(> to show that the great
change which some find in Russia i^ not yet
Certain. The peasantry have heen aroused
by the land question, which can be used by
the Supporters Of autocracy better than by
those of constitutional reform; while the
mob has been excited in the Emperor's
name, according to the time-honoured
custom of the country. The author perhaps
contradicts himself by assenting to a state-
ment by the police of the impossibility of
arresting the leader of the Moscow revolution,
on account of the absence on his part of an
actual legal offence, while on several later
pages he points out that any one can be
I nit to death, or thrown into perpetual
prison, or sent into exile, by " administrative
order." The police themselves, on p. 193,
explain to the author that they are in the
habit of sending to Siberia persons who
refrain from revealing their exact identity.
There is additional proof given in the present
volume of the payment of money by the
police to revolutionary leaders in cases
other than those made known in the Gapon
revelations. We find in the volume a few
misprints in Russian names, which show a
certain carelessness, and some foreign idioms,
such as the use of the verb " to control"
in the sense of checking evidence, and the
phrase " a well-nourished fire," for a steady
fire of musketry.
Mb. Frederick Moore in The Balkan
Trail, published by Messrs. Smith, Elder
& Co., triumphs by his admirable illustra-
tions from photographs, but as regards his
letterpress suffers by comparison with Miss
Durham and other recent writers upon the
same districts. The pictures are of remark-
able interest. We have not seen any which
bring the Balkan types so well before the
reader. The Servian officers and men, the
lady of one of the Bulgarian bands, the
Turkish and Bulgarian sentries at the frontier
standing side by side in amicable watchful-
ness, the Bulgarian infantry on the march,
are perfect examples of racial t3'pe. The
Albanians are, as usual, a failure, but it is,
perhaps, almost impossible to show how
singular a blend of races goes to make up
the varied types of this interesting people.
The Greek who figures for his race is distinctly
libellous. There are magnificent Albanian
types in modern Greece, and there are also
purely Hellenic types, less noble, but exactly
resembling the earliest pictures of the Greek
race from Crete. The author explains that
" Bashi-Bazouk " merely means civilian, as
contrasted with soldier ; and those repre-
sented bear out the reassuring view of a
popular levy which has been given, in a
moral sense, " a bad name." But the old
gentleman who appears to be in command
damages his friends, and might easily be
imagined to be willing to set them on to
commit deeds for which otherwise they
would not make themselves responsible.
Bulgaria needs no better advertisement than
the photograph facing p. 48 of the magni-
ficent men who march at the head of a bat-
talion.
In a volume entitled A Modern Slavery
(Harper & Brothers), Mr. Henry W.Nevinson
has brought together, with some additions,
a series of striking articles which lately
appeared in Harper's Montlihj Magazine,
relating his experiences during a visit to
Angola and the islands of San Thome and
Principe, from which he returned last
winter. Written with a simplicity and
earnestness that bespeak confidence in
the accuracy of it the hook
is an important contribution to the
>v\ being made l,\, many .
men to procure tin- removal of et il« that b ■.
grown up under European misrule in Cent
Africa. The humane intentions of the Powt
represented at the Berlin and Brussels
Conferences twenty -two and sixteen JTK
respectively have been conspicuously
violated in the
but Prance, Germany, Italy, and our own
country have not heen free from blame ; and.
if the Portuguese a- a nation have troubled
themselves too little about their African]
sessions for many new abuses to have an-
the same car. - is responsible for their
t.leration of old ones. Consular reports and
the official testimony of writers like Col.
Colin Harding have recently informed the
heedless public that the wholesale traffic
in slaves bought or captured near the
sources of the Zambezi and Kaaai, for dis-
posal in Angola on the \\ . -t Coast, which
had existed for generations before Livh
stone and other travellers denounced it.
and was supposed to have died out, is still
carried on, and under conditions in some
respects more pernicious than heretofore.
Mr. Nevinson went out recently to see
for himself and on behalf of others sharing
his detestation of slavery. Illness and
delays incident to it prevented his going:
more than about 500 miles into the interior,
and perhaps it would have been impossible
for him in less than two or three years to
trace the slave supply to its principal roots-
in the southern portions of the Congo State-
as well as in the north-western portions of
Barotseland. But he had ample and appal-
ling experience of the doings of the half-
caste traders, calling themselves Portuguese,
who, loading their caravans with cheap
rifles and ammunition, rum, cloths, tools,
and baubles, in the Bihe district and nearer
to Loanda and the ports on the coast .
travel eastward till they have bartered
those wares for human chattels. Besides,
the raided captives brought down to meet
the traders from regions further inland,
large numbers are bought or stolen by the
traders themselves in their passage, manik-
in that part of the Barotse country to
which the British South Africa Company-
laid claim before, by the King of Italy's
arbitration, it was awarded last July
to Portugal, which thus retains the
direct responsibility that would otherwis
have devolved on Great Britain of sup-
pressing the traffic. But, as our Govern-
ment is being reminded, treaty obliga-
tions entered into by Portugal give Creat
Britain the right to insist on a stop l>eiii_-
put to the mischief. How monstrous-
that mischief is Mr. Nevinson shows very
forcibly. It brings infinitely more harm
to the natives than any good they can derive
from the ministrations of the few mission-
aries. Catholic and Protestant, among th.
and it converts the feeble machinery of
administration set up by the Portuguese
Government into an organization for assist-
ing the slave traders in their lawless work.
When the coast is reached by the slaves —
or rather by the small proportion of them
left after the terrible journey through " the
hungry country " has been made — the
Government officials have a more open and
legalized share of the traffic in superintend-
ing the '• ransom " of the survivors by other
traders or their agents, who take them over
as " servicaes." Thereupon the victims are
for the most part, under five years' contracts,
either distributed in the rum plantations
on the mainland or consigned to the cocoa
plantations on the Portuguese islands of
San Thome and Principe, the most attractive
N°4104, June 23, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
763
of the women being reserved for harem
uses.
Parts of Mr. Nevinson's book, especially
those describing the sufferings of the slaves
during their conveyance to market, and
•afterwards in the plantation life in Angola
or on the islands from which not one of
them has been known to return, are too
painful for quotation. But his volume
■deserves careful reading by all who can help
in bringing to an end the abominations it
pathetically describes, and it ought to be
of considerable service in furthering that
object. Incidentally it supplies much wel-
come information about the general condi-
tions of life in this part of Africa. Mr.
Nevinson has a graphic style and a pungent
humour, and the camera he took with him
has enabled the volume to be appropriately
illustrated.
Under the title Bois sans Couronne,
Baron Marc de Villiers du Terrage collects
•some scraps from the lives of a number of
odd people. His volume, which is published
by Perrin & Cie., groups, among others,
"Cortes, Pizarro, the Kings of Yvetot, the
French soldiers of fortune in India, Adams
the mutineer of the Bounty, Robert Owen,
■Cabet the founder of Icarie, Rajah Brooke,
Brigham Young, Walker the filibuster, and
Yakoub Bey, the ruler of Eastern Turkestan.
No one of the biographies is wholly satis-
factory, but general readers may be amused
by many of them. The author is not always
on solid ground. In a final chapter he sug-
gests, to those who may be bitten by the
example of the Emperor of the Sahara,
certain parts of the world's surface to which
he thinks their energies may be turned.
Tristan da Cunha may bring them into con-
flict with our Board of Admiralty. New
Guinea is not, as the author thinks, incom-
pletely divided between the Dutch, the
Germans, and ourselves ; but the whole
island is the subject of treaty and occupation.
It is not the case, as is stated here, that
the inhabitants of Pitcairn Island are for-
gotten ; on the contrary, there has been a
recent revival of interest which has led to a
considerable collection on their behalf, and
to more frequent visits. Moreover, during
the period which he passes over a line of
mail steamers made periodical calls at Pit-
cairn, afterwards interrupted by a change
of route. The account of the Mormons is
accurate in the earlier parts, which have been
taken from other books, but ceases to be
correct as regards the most recent period.
We doubt whether it is the case that in 1883
the British Government set up an exclusive
claim to the Ecrehous, though we do not
quarrel with the statement of our author
upon what has always been a highly dis-
putable point. Happily the sovereignty of
these rocks, which are not always safe
against breakers in a great gale, is unim-
portant, in spite of their close neighbourhood
to Jersey. The French have claimed the
Ecrehous, and our Government has disputed
the claim : that, we think, is all that can
be said.
There is not much to be said, from the
scholar's point of view, about the revised
and enlarged edition of History for Beady
Reference and Topical Reading, by J. N.
Lamed, which extends to six volumes, and
is sent to us by Mr. Heinemann. Quota-
tions from authors in their own words are
given at length, and references are added
to other sources of history. The compiler
has made generally, in the Bubjectfl we nave
examined, an excellent choice of authorities,
and he has gone as far to achieve the end in
view with such quotations as any man could
go. That many excellent historians are
verbose, prejudiced, *and even unintelligible
when doled out in small pieces cannot be
explained on every other page, and such
criticisms are probably not contemplated
from the class of " topical writers." We do
not think much of the " Logical Outlines "
of various countries printed across two pages,
in which the dominant conditions and
influences are distinguished by inks of
different colours ; but the historical maps
by Mr. Alan C. Reiley are of real use for
ready reference, and may help to clear up
the confusions to which history is subject,
especially history in this form. The volumes
are admirably bound in good, firm style, and
cover a vast field of information, being
printed in double columns of small close
type. Numerous cross-references will aid
the reader in finding his way about, but if
he is a genuine student, he will be often
irritated, if not perplexed, by the brevity
of the information afforded. Mr. Lamed,
with his ample experience of journalism and
library work, must know that he has set out
to achieve the impossible.
Mr. John Murray publishes — for the
Railway Companies' Association, we believe
— another volume by Mr. Edwin Pratt in
defence of railways and their rates. The title
of the small book, whieh has some special
interest at the moment, is British Canals :
is their Besuscitation Practicable ? There is
some historical value in Mr. Pratt's new
researches. He brings out with much
ability the proofs that the intolerable
monopoly of the canal owners and their
high rates were the cause of the sudden
development of railways on a vast scale by
traders' associations. Incidentally we have
a good deal of reference to the views of the
canal proprietors as to the impossibility of
serious railway competition. An article in
The Quarterly Beview condemned
"the idea of a general rail-road as altogether
impracticable As to those persons who specu-
late on making rail-ways general throughout the
kingdom, we deem them and their visionary
schemes unworthy of notice."
The scientific and commercial questions now
at issue are not in the way of The Athenceum.
Mr. Pratt triumphantly maintains that the
only good canals now working are those which
belong to the railways. He explains why
in foreign countries canal traffic is much
more developed and railway rates are far
lower than is the case with us. The railway
companies in his volume turn the tables on
those who attack them for high rates by
denouncing the " extortion of the land-
owners." Whatever may be the cause,
there can be little doubt about the facts.
Mr. Pratt explains the possibility of through
communication across Germany from sea
to sea by the absence of continuous hills
and the presence of great rivers, and no
doubt the same explanation may be given
of the facility with which merchandise
passes by water from the Baltic to the
Caspian ; but this simple explanation will
not suffice to explain the presence at one
time of 200 laden barges at a French inland
town like Toul, nor the fact that between
Pontoise and Creil, where there are excellent
railway lines running through the best
quarries and on both sides of the Oise, the
stone for Paris is fetched and conveyed by
watei rather than by rail, though both are
used. On the other hand, Mr. Pratt demon-
strates, by what would at first sight seem
to be proof, that it is impossible in the case
of Bath and of the Avon for water carriage
to compete with the railway, whieh also
owns the canal.
An Illustrated (Snide to Saffron Walden,
its History and Antiquities. By Guy May-
nard. (Saffron Walden. Hart & Son.) —
Mr. Maynard, the Curator of the Saffron
Walden Museum, gives in this booklet an
interesting account of the ancient town and
its magnificent Perpendicular church, erected
between 1425 and 1547. The church is
200 feet long by 82 feet wide ; the tower is
85 feet high, and the weathercock 193 feet
from the ground. The carved timber roof
is carried by a lofty arcade of great beauty
and singular lightness. The museum has
an extensive zoological collection ; also
pottery, porcelain, Old English glass, MSS. and
early printed books. Six miles east of the
town is the very fine group of burial mounds
known as the Bartlow Hills, the highest being
43 feet. The Guide contains some excellent
illustrations, including the church, museum,
market-place, and castle.
The third and fourth volumes of Messrs.
Macmillan's excellent " Pocket Tennyson,"
Ballads and Poems and Idylls of the King,
are now out.
French Abbreviations, by Edward Latham
(Effingham Wilson), is a very useful little
manual, covering a wide range of commercial
and financial as well as general usages. The
Preface is valuable, too.
We are glad to notice that the same com-
piler's Famous Sayings and their Authors
(Sonnenschein) has reached a second edition.
It is much increased in value as a book of
reference by the addition of a good ' Index
of Subjects,' which we suggested when we
reviewed the first edition in 1904. The text
seems to be unchanged, and still ignores
some famous academic wit. The German
portion needs revision here and there, e.g.,
in the sentence on p. 241 concerning the
Armada there is a strange mistranslation of
a verb, which the general sense might have
made clear.
A new edition of Miss Alcott's Eight
Cousins (Sampson Low), with pictures by
Miss H. R. Richards, should win wide
favour, for the illustrator has done well and
the general get-up of the book is good.
Messrs. Chapman & Hall are supplying
some excellent holiday reading at sixpence,
including the following novels : The Apple
of Eden, Jemima, and Our Friend the
Charlatan, which are typical of various
modern movements and ideas.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Theology.
Ad<lis (\V. K.), Hebrew Religion to the Establishment of
Judaism muter Ezra, 5/
Harvest Sermons, 2/ net.
Herklots (Rev. B.), Revelatio I)ei, or the Eternal Revela-
tion of the Triune God. 2/8 net
Hiller(H. C), Meta-Christian Catechism, Enlarged Edition,
1/
Inge (W. R.), Truth and Falsehood in Religion. 8/6 net.
Jowett (is.), Theological Essays, edited by L. Campbell,
2/6 net.
Religion and Theology of Unitarians, 2/ net.
Review of Theology and Philosophy, edited by Prof. A.
Menzies, Vol. I., 14/ net.
Robinson (lather P.), The Writings of St Francis of Assist,
Idol.
Ropes (J. H.), The Apostolic Age in the Light of Modern
Criticism, (>' net.
Wright (C. H. H.), Daniel and its Critics, 7 6
Ln »'.
Fry (Sir V,.). The Rights of Neutrals as illustrated by
Recent Events, 1/ net
MacMahon (J, B. B.), The Law of Licensing, ."• net.
Pint Art ami Archaeology.
Houston (It. S.), English Furniture and Furniture Makers
of the Eighteenth Century, 10/8 net
Foster (W.), A Descriptive Catalogue of the Paintings,
Staines, Ac. in the India Office, Third F.dition.
Hardie(M.), English Coloured Hooks, 21
Jackson (T. Q.\ Reason In Architecture, 10/8 net
Pike(0. <i.), Birdland Pictures, 8/6 net
Rembrandt, Part YUL, 2 6 net
Portrti and the Drama.
Bowles (F. <;.). The Tent bj the Lake, l/net.
Drinkwater (•!.), The Death of Leander, and other Poems,
net
Fitch (c). The Stubbornness <>f Oeraldine, 8/ net
Macka) | \. D I, Song ol the Louden Man, and other Poems,
6| net.
764
Til K ArIMI ENJEtJM
N"410i Jim. ■>:< 1906
I'.h t.-r i K. i. BIomhiiii mil I i ujrj ini e
i: i Hchilli hn. in. I Poatna in Knglai
Richardson (R. ). Crannwr, I'n 1 1 1. 1 !■• hi Ml Knalium, fi net.
Shnl I) tlr Works, India-Papal Kilii urn, ■.: net;
Kins John . .iiiliu- < '•>■- ii, i '. mi Mich.
>h.i« (i B i in- Hi- 1 1 1 'a Hi-. 1 1 iii- ; \\ nii.vM i Booms ; Yos
S 'i .11, ■ n. -i i-.i. ii.
Bnramonina, o( Eveiyiuan, edited bj •'. & Pannar, imd,
l '
Tauuiywm'a Idylls of the King, Pocket Edition,! net
Thlselton i v I >. v. ml r i rttlc r (H 64), l net
w i lk. r (Rev. i! -Li, The My stick Pair, sad oibm Poems,
nrt.
nUilitnjraphu.
Bulletin of the .lulni Rylandi Ubrary, Manchester, VoL I.
So i. 1 lu-i.
Cambridge University Library, Deport fur 1006,
Coanoiaaeur (The), Compli-ti' I in !<• v to tin- First Twelve
Volumes, 20 nit .
Carrier (T. P.) and <;a>- (S, I..), Catalogue of Ui«' bfousre
Collection in Harvard College Library.
Philosophy.
Jonas (W. ll. S.),The Moral Standpoint of Euripides, 2*1 net,
Laurie (S. s. ). Synthetica, being Meditations Bputemological
and Onthological, 2 rota. 21 net
Tueker (C. c), on the Doetrtne of Personal Identity, i Bnet
Political Veonemy,
abbot) (LA The Industrial Problem, :s'net.
Organised Labour and Capital, 8/ net.
Kiis ;.). A.), The Peril and the Pineal taliun of the Home,
3/ net.
tlittory ami Biography.
Armstrong (R. la T). The Book of the Public Ubrary,
Museumaand National Gallery of Victoria, Is."i<>-190(>.'
Bnaaey (H. v.). sixty Yean of Journalism, :i o
Clephan (K. V.), An Outline of the History anil Develop-
ment of Eland Firearms '<> the Knd of the Fifteenth
Century. (Privately printed.)
Davis (Col. .1.), History of the 2nd, Quean's Royal Regiment,
Vols. V. and VL, 24/ net each.
Dnniway (C. A.), The Development of Freedom of the Press
in Massachusetts, 7 i;
Bllwood (T.), Life, eiliteil by s. Qraveson, 10/ net.
Jackson (B, l>. t. George Bentham, 2/6 net.
Reade (A. L.), Readeaof Blackwood Hall, with Full Account
of Dr. Johnson's Ancestry. (Privately printed.)
Red way (Major (;. W.), Fredericksburg,' a Study in War,
5/ net.
Reich (E.), Hungarian Literature, an Historical and Critical
Survey, second Edition, 3/6 net.
Sherard (R. H.), The Life of Oscar Wilde, 12/6 net.
Staley (K.), The Guilds of Florence, 16/ net.
' Times ' History of the War in South Africa, Vol. IV., edited
by R. Williams, 21/ net.
Trelawny's Recollections of Shelley and Byron, Introduc-
tion l>y K. Dowden, 2/6 net.
Wedgwood (K.), The Memoirs of the Lord of Joinville,
9/ net.
Williamson (M. G.), Edinburgh. 4/6 net.
Geography and Travel.
Arrowsmitli's Dictionary of Bristol, Second Edition, 5/net.
Bacon's Pocket Atlas and Gazetteer of the World, Revised
Edition, I 6 net.
Breaks (H.), Log of H.M.S. Bona venture, 1903-6, 4/ net.
Rolfe (W. .).), A Satchel Guide for the Vacation Tourist in
Europe, 6/ net.
Seaside Watering-Places, Seasons 1906-7, 2/6 net.
Smith (A.), A summer in Skye, :!/<>
Universal Steamship Guide: Passenger Section, 1906-7,
10/ net.
Sports and Pastimes.
Diyborough (T. B.), Polo, Enlarged Edition, 15/ net.
Folk-Lore.
Haddon (A. ('.), Magic and Folk-lore Fetishism, 1/ net.
Education.
Brown (M. A.), Child Life in our Schools, 3/6 net.
Philology.
Every Man's Dictionary of the English Language, revised
by C. A. Goodrich from Webster, 5/
Holroyd (Col. W. R. M.), Hindustani for Every Day, 8/ net.
Trench (R. C), A Select Glossary of English Words, edited
by A. Smythe Palmer, 2/6
School- Books.
Arnolds Modern French, Book I., edited by II. L. Hutton,
1/6
Blackie'a Little French Classics : Vigny's Hiatoire de l'Adju-
dant : Choix de Poesies pour les Knfants, ■!</. each.
Elliot (G. F. S.) A First Course in Practical Botany, 3/6
Exercises in Spelling, Dictation, and Composition for
Middle Forms, 6rf.
Livy, the Second Macedonian War, edited by W. J. Hemslev
and J. Aston, 1/6
Macaulay, Narratives from, 1/
Middlesex, 3d,
Ninet(.\l.), in Petit Voyages Paris, 1/6
Shakspeare: A Midsummer Night 'a Dream, edited by P. T.
Cresswell, 1/
8pragge(W. H.), Easy I^it in Prose, 1/6
Wyatt-Davies (E.), Outlines <>f British History for Catholic
Schools. 2 8
Science.
Bell (L.), Electric Power Transmission, Fourth Edition,
16/ net.
Buchanan (A. MA Manual of Anatomy: Vol. I. Osteology,
Upper Limb, Lower Limb, 12/6 net."
Ovijic (J.), Remarks on the Ethnography of the Macedonian
sins. (Privately printed.)
Ooudie (W. J.), The Geometrv of the Screw Propeller,
1/0 net.
Ilarwood (W. S.), The New Faith: a Recital of the
Triumphs of Modern Agriculture in America, 7 T, net.
Hulier(.l. R. ), Consumption and Civilization, 16/ net.
Knuth (Dr. P.), Handbook of Flower Pollination, trans-
lated by J. R. A. Davis, Vol. I., 18/ net
Montgomery (T. 11.), The Analysis of Racial Descent in
Animals, 10/6 net
Bainsbury (H.), Principia Therapeutico, 7/6 net.
Shaw (.1.), Fibroid Tumour, 2/6 net.
Btonhaaa (<' ), lie- liiriln of the British Islands, Pari I ,
in t.
fraphy, Telephony, i me Mi- .1
1 1 in -mi-. Applications of Electricity, l/o nel
././.. ,,,/.■ ISntik*.
Qoldiaa (V), The Sim v of Lit bagatone, l IS net
Kell\ (M. D », sn Walter Raleigh, l Ii net
• •
askew (J. it.), Proa and Cons, edited bj \. M Byaaaoa,
Fourth Edition, 1/ net
Beach (R BA The Spoilers of the North.
Brebnei (P. JA The Crucible of < lircumstance, 8 '
Browne's Rellgio Medici, and othei I Eted-1
Ubrary). 2 8 net
Deeping (w.), i tin-rand Igraine, 6 ; Bees of tin- Woods,
Everett-Green (EA The Master of Marshlands. <■
Fogaaaaro (A), The Saint, translated i>v M. Ptitchard-
Agnetti, 8
ll. ile (i.. c.i, a Motor-Car Divon ■
Bampstead earner, compiled by a. M. c, Preface by
Clement Shorter, :t 8 net.
Mei i ick 1 1. ), H nlspei a about Women, 6/
Pease (Howard), of Mistress Eve, 0/
Hoyal University Of Ireland, Calendar for 1!KK;.
Sergeant (A.), The Coming of the Randolphs, 0/
Set. «n (K. T.), Animal Heroes, 6/ net.
Skinner (T.), The London Rinks and Kindred Companies
and Firms, 1908-9, m net
Sturgis (H.), All that was Possible, 8/
Van Vorst (M.), The Sin »f George Warrener, 6/
Warden (Florence), Ijtw, not Justice, 6/
Wells (J.), The Oxford Degree Ceremony, 1/6 net.
Woodhouse (A.), The Foundations of National Greatness.
World's Classics, Pocket Edition : Gibbon'sRoman Empire,
Vols. III., VI., and VII.; The Odyssey of Homer;
Poetical Works of Longfellow, Vol. I. ; The Tenant of
Wildfell Hall ; Twenty-Three Tales by Tolstoy ; Bor-
row's Romany Rve, and the Bible in Spain ; Chaucer's
Poetical Works, Vol. III.; Hazlitt's Winterslow;
Works of Burke, Vol. I., 1/ net each.
FOREIGN.
Theology.
Luchaire (A.), Innocent III., la Papaute et l'Empire, 3fr. 50.
Wobberniin (Dr. G.), Ernst Haeckel ini Kampf gegen die
christliche Weltanschauung, 0m. 50.
h'inr Art and Archaeology.
Hallays (A.), Les Villes d'Art celebres : Nancy, 4fr.
Music.
Likmann (B.), Clara Schumann, Vol. II.
History and Biography.
Bossert(A.), Calvin, 2fr.
Roca (E.), Le Grand Siecle intime : Le Regne de Richelieu,
1617-42, 3fr. 50.
Geography and Travel.
Lajonguiere (E. L. de), Le Siam et les Siamois, 3fr. 50.
Philology.
Borinan (K.), Fi-ancis Bacons Reim-Geheimschrift u. ihre
Enthullungen, 7m. 50.
Cronert (W.), Kolotes u. Menedemos, Texte u. Unter-
suchungen zur Philosophen- u. Litei-aturgeschiclite, 30m.
Reuschel (K.), Die deutschen Weltgeriehtsspiele des Mittel-
alters und der Reformationszeit.
Mathematics and Science.
Burlureaux (Dr.), La Lutte pour la Sante, 3fr. 50.
Enzyklopiidiedermathematisclien Wissenschaften : Vol. IV.
Mechanik, Part II. Section III., 5m. 80.
Flahault (C), Nouvelle Flore coloriee de Poche des Alpes
et des Pyrenees, 6fr. 50.
General Literature.
Aderer (A.), Une grande Dame aima. . ., 3fr. 50.
Aicard (J.), Renjamine, 3fr. ">0.
Hirsch (C. II.), Les Disparates, 3fr. 50.
Lavedan, (II.), Le bon Temps, 3fr. 50.
Maire (E. Le), Le Reve d' Antoinette, 3fr. 50.
Mazel (II.), Ce qu'il faut lire dans sa Vie, 3fr. 50.
Valilagne (P.), Parenthe.se amoureuse, 3fr. 50.
Villiod (E.), Les Plaies sociales : La Machine ;\ voler, 3fr. 50.
Virgil.) (G. A.), II Sentimento imperialista, Studio psico-
sociologico, 3li. 50.
Wilde (Oscar), L'Anie de 1'Homme, traduit par P. GroshTs,
4fr.
*.* All Books received at the Office up to Wednesday
Morning will be included in this List unless previously
noted. Publishers are requested to state prices whin
sending Books.
M Y BLACKBIRD AND I.
(Suggested by a touching episode in the late Michael
l)avitt's life in Portland Gaol in 1881, recorded lis liim
in his ' Leaves from a Prison Diary. 'J
(All musical rights reserved.)
Wiikn first you came to me,
And so little you knew me
That from me you struggled
With wild heating breast,
Red sun-rays up-jetting
On lire seemed setting
The wavering woodland
Where onoe was your nost —
Then, my own dawny blaokbird,
The tears my eyes bunded.
As my heart was reminded
How, a child, long ago
With strangers I shivered.
While the cruel tlames quivered
Through our kindly old roof-tree
In lovely Mayo.
That thought, UMabling blackbird,
To my boanaa andaarad vow,
And • I • nil you
Till sn friend 1\ u
That ti<gi-t ln-r are id [at \
At tin- one plate oi |> « 1
And Mom the s.hih- pjtflJHH
le ixit Ii lipping too.
Tin d ' lv you d chookle
I'lom oil uf my knookle,
Thai . my tir<-<! eyi
To drink in the -ound.
By its glad H]x-ll uplift, d
From my aad oeU 1 drifti d
To the joyful cn< hantmi-nt
Of gvean Irish |ii>aml
N'.iu below, blessed hour !
Even my grey prison's bower
Is laughing with flower
In the eye of the sun ;
Rede (litis throw soft shadows
On green ooean mead a -.
And the homesteads of free men
Shine out one hy one.
0 who could keej) captives
In solitude pining,
With such a sun shining,
Bnofa bliBB in the blue?
1 lingered and lingered,
And then trembling-fingered
I opened your cage door,
And from me you Bew.
Ainm Pkbgbval Gravbb.
NOTES FROM DUBLIN.
The tardy announcement of the formation
of the Royal Commission on Trinity College,
its revenues, and its University, makes it
impossible that much work can be done
before the Long Vacation. Members of the
College who have been working hard all
the year will not curtail their holidays to
appear before a body of men who are only
intended to collect evidence which is already,
for the most part, in print in various returns
made to Parliament. The composition of
the Commission has, of course, been subject
to various criticisms. It is generally ad-
mitted that five of its members are the
very best that could have been selected.
The rest are either too little known or
too well known to command respect.
On such a Commission each member
should be a man of importance ; he
should not be known as a violent partisan
or a man of unbridled utterance ; he should
not be a subordinate, or one whose persona!
interests may be concerned. There are
important members of the University who
may decline to be cross-examined by a man
who has openly declared himself t heir
enemy and the enemy of the College. It is
plain enough that in the desire to satisfy
the demands of divers parties the Commission
has been enlarged beyond an original wise
selection of a smaller body. The only
member of the Church of Ireland is Dr.
Douglas Hyde, who seems to be ignored in
the demand made by Sir E. Carson in the
House on the 12th inst. There is no man
who commands more confidence in Ireland
than Sir Edward Fry. His management of
another very difficult inquiry- some years ago
demonstrated his ability and his perfect
fairness, and if any one can smooth over
the initial difficulties with which the path
is beset, it is he. Whether his task will
include the framing of any new scheme for
higher education in Ireland does not yet
appear, and there is still a very general
feeling that the whole business will rather
postpone than promote reforms. It is not
likely that by the time that the Commission
have drawn up their report, or reports, the
Chief Secretary will be in any humour to
face a great controversial Bill on education.
N° 4104, June 23, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
'65
Meanwhile, it is earnestly to be hoped that
Trinity College may wake up to the necessity
of vigorous internal reform.
The recent Fellowship Examination, where
the prize awarded is one of the greatest in
the literary world, and where even the un-
successful get large rewards, produced but
three candidates, and of these only one
fresh one. All three were, indeed, able and
learned men, and their answering was of
high quality ; but where are all the distin-
guished young men to whom such a prize
should be the highest attraction ? They
seem to be deterred by various causes, of
which the chief is the consideration that it
takes four or five years at least on the
average to succeed, and that after such
delay failure is a fatal blow. A man of
twenty-eight or thirty can hardly expect to
take up a new walk in life with any good
prospects, especially when he has been
wearied out with excessive labour and dis-
appointment. At all events, the present
system, which fails to produce satisfactory
competition, and after which even the
successful man is often much impaired by
overwork, must be changed. Yet while a
change is admitted by all but the most
wooden-headed Conservatives to be ex-
pedient, the question, What change ? excites
divers and conflicting answers. If the Com-
mission is competent to give the College
authoritative advice on this point, its labours
will, indeed, have one good result.
The simultaneous Scholarship Examina-
tion showed an analogous failure in com-
petitors. There were hardly more than two
competitors for each scholarship. Never-
theless the first place was gained on marks
higher than any obtained since Prof. J. B.
Bury competed as a boy. The second
place was obtained by a girl-student, whose
answering was also of very high quality,
and it is a pity that the degree which she
will presently obtain will not be distinguished
by some special mark from the many so-
called " ad eundems " now scattered over
England, which represent no studies in the
College. M.
THE PUBLISHERS' INTERNATIONAL
CONGRESS AT MILAN.
The Publishers' Fifth International Con-
gress was held in the Villa Reale at Milan
from the 6th to the 10th hist., and was
unusually well attended. The members
number about three hundred, and there
were delegates from all the publishers'
associations of the various nations. Besides
the Italians, who, being on their own ground,
formed the largest contingent, there were
present German and French publishers in
goodly numbers ; Hungarians, Swedes,
Dutch, Russians, and Spaniards. England
did not send many representatives ; un-
fortunately, several gentlemen whose
opinions carry weight were unable to attend.
There were, however, two notable visitors,
Mr. Fisher Unwin and Mr. Heinemann, who
contributed important papers to the Con-
gress, the former dealing with ' Modern
Taxes on Knowledge ' and ' Some Barriers
to International Intellectual Intercourse,'
and the latter placing before the Congress
the question whether certain new methods
of putting books into circulation are advan-
tageous to production. The United States
had only one, but that one a prominent
representative, Dr. George Haven Putnam,
whose ability and eloquence were appreciate) I
by every one.
After the Congross held at Leipsic in June,
1901, the Permanent Bureau for carrying
out the resolutions passed by the Congress
began its activity at Berne, where it has its
head-quarters, and where it will proceed to
the work resulting from the proposals of the
Congress of Milan, and to the continuation
of its investigations concerning motions the
execution of which is unfinished, or those
on which inquiries have been opened. The
work of the Permanent Bureau consists
chiefly in procuring the adhesion of fresh
States to the Berne Convention, and in
supporting the various national associations
in their requests for improvement in legisla-
tion. It is governed by an Executive Com-
mittee and an International Commission,
which meets once a year in the month of
June.
The opening session was held on June 6th
in the hall of the Villa Reale, when speeches
were delivered by the authorities represent-
ing the Italian Government and the Muni-
cipality of Milan. The President of the
Committee of Management and of the Con-
gress, to whom is due the brilliant success
of this Milanese conference, was Commen-
datore Tito Ricordi, of the well-known music
firm. He is young and energetic, and
directed the meetings and discussions with
great tact and firmness. It is unnecessary
to enumerate all the speeches made before
the Congress by the various delegates of the
publishers' associations : I need only men-
tion that the Societa Bibliografica Italiana,
which had on the preceding days held its
own seventh congress in that same hall,
advised all publishers to add to scientific
books those indexes of names and sub-
jects which render possible both research
and the compilation of catalogues. Dis-
cussions on the questions brought forward
followed immediately. The first to speak
was Dr. Putnam, who set forth very clearly
what has been done in America for book
protection and the difficulties encountered
through the opposition of the manufacturing
classes, who are able, by reason of their
superior numbers, to impose their views on
Congress at Washington. This question of
American copyright was resumed at the
plenary session the next day, and provoked
a lively discussion between Mr. Heinemann
and Dr. Putnam. The former desired that
the delay conceded to the English publishers
should be increased from sixty to ninety
days, and Dr. Putnam pointed out that this
longer delay is opposed specially by librarians
who regret that they cannot during this
period make usufruct of English books, a
proceeding disadvantageous to culture.
Commendatoro Ricordi proposed that they
should not insist on the clause of American
manufacture for scientific books, and the
Congress earnestly hoped that the United
States would soon pass a Bill unreservedly
accepting the principles of international
protection of authors' rights.
Another important question was that con-
cerning publishing contracts, for which the
Permanent Bureau had prepared a useful
publication giving all the various laws and
information relating to the subject ; and
the Bureau itself was commissioned to present
to the next Congress a supplementary report,
suggesting forms for such agreements between
author and publisher. Other votes and
resolutions followed, on the development of
book-canvassing, and on the subject of an
agreement between all person-; interested
in the rights of performance in Germany.
The Congress expressed the hope that the
German association would take note of the
wishes of musical composers and publishers,
and allow the adhesion of these two groups
to the institution ; and it proposed that
Societies should be formed for the explana-
tion of the rights of performance. Another
proposal in connexion with music was made,
important in view of tho great increaso in
methods of mechanical reproduction such
as the gramophone, namely, the abolition of
paragraph 3 of the protocol of closure of the
Berne Convention, which does not regard
such reproduction as an infringement of
rights.
The aitistic section confined its reso-
lutions to advising the compilation of
national catalogues of works of art. Mean-
while, in the book section, which was the
most numerously attended, an animated
discussion was in progress on the question,
of the " copy-tax," and it was resolved that
for the acknowledgment of copyright no
formality ought to be required.
After an exclusion to Como, Saturday, the
9th, was devoted to the subjects brought
forward by Messrs. Fisher Unwin, Hoeplir
and Vandeveld, namely, customs dues,
taxes on books, and all the other restrictions
which are a hindrance to trade ; and it was
unanimously voted that all such formalities-
should be abolished. Some very sensible
suggestions on the compilation of book-
sellers' catalogues were made by the associate
P. Barbera, who took the opportunity of
supporting the adoption of the convenient
system o: decimal classification, and pro-
posed that the Permanent Bureau of Berne-
should publish a list of international regu-
lations for the compiling of book catalogues.
Two final questions occupied the attention
of the Congress. One was the adhesion of
the minor poets to the Berne Convention,,
on which the Congress came to no decision ;.
the other was the discount on the sale of
the society's books allowed to its members.
To this discount the Congress was decidedly"
opposed.
The laboursof the Congress then terminated"
with the usual greetings and congratulations ;
but nothing was decided with reference to-
the place of the next Congress, the Permanent
Bureau having the choice between Spain and
Holland, between Madrid and the Hague.
The reunion at Milan will be memorable for
the cordial reception every one received and
the complete harmony which reigned. The
serenity of the various debates resembled
that of the sky of Lombardy, which, as
Manzoni says, " is so fine when it is fine."
G. B.
'THE OPEN ROAD' AND
'TRAVELLER'S JOY.'
June 18th, 1906.
No, I did not " studiously evade " Mr.
Lucas's " only point," and when I maintain-
this, in denial of his fresh accusation, I hope,
as he would say, that " I am not singular
in my view." I " studiously " attempted
to deal with all his points. There were
three : (a) that in our production of
' Traveller's Joy ' I had copied the original,
form of ' The Open Road ' (shall I be dis-
courteous if I say that in his first letter Mr.
Lucas " studiously " made little or nothing
of the fact that he had abandoned its chief
distinction, its cover ?) ; (b) that I had, he
implied, commissioned an anthology " as
like as possible in idea " to his book — Mr.
W. G.Waters has disposed of that suggestion ;
(c) that I had failed to pay him what I Owed'
him. He is unreasonable. First — no doubt
convinced that in this way his interests-
would be best served — he assists in subjecting
me to the discomfort and the disgrace of
proceedings in bankruptcy — a disgrace that
1 can only attempt to Wipe out in one way ;
then lie takes from tho rest of my creditors
a rather valuable asset — a halt share in
'The Open Koad ' — on a minor legal point
based on my own carelessness in failing to
secure an assignment of copyright, a,s I had
in effect done itv the case of his other books ;-
700
Til E ATHENJEUM
NMl'H. .Jim. 28, 1900
and now, complaining that tins time he ln^
•• mi Legal redress," l ■«- falls baok on " moral
rights," and I limns that it Ll uml. mi ul lie
that "a publisher in Mr. Gran] Richards's
ition Bhould, when he starts anew,
include in his lit any book that is likely
i.i injure the sale <>f his previous book
which he sf ill owes money." There is a fine
oonfusion here: I have not started anew
— as l have already stated in your columns,
in\ position is that of manager to a new
house ; 1 fancy that the law lias in effect
relieved me, although against my will, of
financial obligation to Mr. Lucas, so it is not
becoming in him publicly to remind me
of my sm twice in fifteen days ; several of
every publisher's hooks are bound to injure
the sale of books that have hitherto held
the field : so, for instance, did Mr. Lucas's
■ A Hook of Verses for Children ' injure the
sale of previous similar anthologies ; so
did Mr. Lucas's series of " Little Blue
Books for Children," whose beginning fol-
lowed his leaving my firm, injure the sale
of my " Dumpy Books for Children," with
which he had been previously associated.
In one thing Mr. Lucas is right : whether
T owe him a large sum or a small one is
irrelevant to the main question. But he
did drag that point in. I have sufficiently
tried your readers' patience, or I would ask
Them to turn back to his first letter and to
see whether he did not succeed — I hope not
*' studiously " — in giving the impression
that he had had little if any financial satis-
faction from me, and that when I failed he
suffered in proportion. That is the impres-
sion T sought to remove. Of the total amount
earned by Mr. Lucas, on account of his books
-and his other services to my firm, one
fifteenth part (as nearly as possible) remains
unpaid, and if every fortnight Mr. Lucas
claims the hospitality of your columns to
announce the fact I shall not continue to
protest. Still, as I said two weeks ago, I
hope he will have cause before very long to
Abandon this part of his grievance.
Mr. Lucas must not be angry writh me for
working in a publisher's office. If I sold
matches in the street I should certainly
please some people, but even under the most
favourable circumstances I could not hope
to earn enough in that branch of commerce
to wipe out the bankruptcy proceedings ;
nor am I young enough to start in some
fresh trade. By and by I hope my creditors
may realize that in being connected with
the starting of a new publishing house I
am selling what talents I have for their
advantage. Grant Richards.
.Tune 18th, 1906.
I have followed with interest the con-
troversy between Mr. E. V. Lucas and Mr.
Grant Richards in T/ie Athenmum under the
above heading, and since Mr. E. V. Lucas
" hopes to interest public opinion in the
matter," as an author and publisher's reader
I write to say that such " doublings " of
books that have achieved popularity are
far too common, whether put forward by
scrupulous or unscrupulous publishers.
An author issues a book B, which, let us
say, is original in the sense that it is no
imitation, either in letter or in spirit, of any
book which has preceded it. And no sooner
has B won popularity than we find some
enterprising gentleman, prompted no less
by the highest motives than by his com-
mercial instincts, appearing in the field with
A volumo B2, which in idea and format is
a direct and palpable imitation of B, and
is confoimded with it by the ignorant public.
In the case of the present controversy, so
far as 1 follow Mr. Grant Richards's argument,
he claims that he has a right to^issue ' Tra-
veller's Joy' in what is practically the
original format of 'The Open Road, since
other imitations have appeared, and since
ii>- himself is the originator of that format.
Brora the point of view of taste, however,
it is most nut < nt unate for Mr. ( Irani 1'ielutnls
that the hook he should have elected to
clothe iii that format is an anthology for
travellers which we might have called
" original " in spirit, style, and u i. m •< iment,
had it not 1" en preceded by ' The Open Road,1
\ to Mr. W. (J. Waters, it is most unfor-
tunate that if his volume ' Traveller's Joy '
be, as he asserts, in idea and arrangement no
imitation of ' The Open Road,' he should
have alio wed it to be issued in what is prac-
tically the original style and format of that
volume. For, while accepting his disclaimer
of plagiarism, we are reminded of a servant
who dresses herself in the cast-off gannents
of her mistress.
Without impugning either the motives or
the statements of either the author or the
publisher of ' Traveller's Joy,' I may point
out to them that the literary world, that
followed with much interest the lawsuit
between Mr. E. V. Lucas and Mr. Grant
Richards, which gave the copyright of ' The
Open Road ' to the former, will be disposed
to think that on the score of good taste alone,
not to speak of publishing policy, Mr. Grant
Richards would do well to find for so original
a book as ' Traveller's Joy a format even
more original. Edward Garnett.
CREIGHTON MEMORIAL.
The committee formed to raise a memorial
to Creighton handed over to Mrs. Creighton,
at the close of its work in October, 1905,
the residue of the subscriptions, amounting
to 278?. She intends to present this sum,
which she has raised to 3007., to the Uni-
versity of London, as a nucleus for the
endowment of a Creighton Lectureship or
Professorship of History. The friends of
the late bishop ask for further contributions
to that end. Over 100Z. has already been
privately raised, and an appeal is now made
to a wider public. What can be done must
depend on the assistance received ; but, in
any case, a Creighton Lectureship will be
founded. The scheme has our warm com-
mendation, and we hope that it will be
widely supported. Subscriptions may be
sent to Miss Mary Bateson, 9, Huntingdon
Road, Cambridge.
The July number of The Independent
Review will contain articles by Archdeacon
Wilson on ' The Education Bill : a Lost
Opportunity,' and by Canon Barnett on
' The Press and Charitable Funds.' Prof.
Paul Vinogradoff is contributing a paper
on ' The First Month of the Duma,' and
Principal Laurie one on ' The Report of
the Haldane Committee.' Among the
other articles in the number will be
' Shakespeare, Ibsen, and Mr. Bernard
Shaw,' by Mr. G. Lowes Dickinson ;
' The Lords and the Aliens Bill,' by Mr.
John Ward, M.P. ; 'The Paintings of
Gustave Moreau,' by Mr. C. C. Michael-
ides ; 'and 'Anti-Militarism in France:
a Reply,' by Lieut. -Col. Keene.
In The Cor nh ill Magazine for July Mr.
A. D. Godley finds a subject for his
humorous verses ' The Incubus ' in the
di <.n the Education Bill. ' The
Mind <J a Dog,' by Prof. S. Alexander, is
an iiiiteeluiii a) e.v i j f - i • >i i into psyohob
In ' Twenty Yean in London, by a !
Resident." .Mr. P. ml Villa: many
episodes from his personal experience.
Mr. Charles Godfrey, the head of the
Naval School at Osborne, writes on 'The
r nng of Euclid ' ; and in ' General Mar-
hot and \w< Memoirs ' Dr. Holland Rose
d asset the authenticity of that vivacious'
work. -Mr. R. Brudenell Carter contri-
butes a common-Sense view of ' Alcohol
and Tobacco,'
The July Blackuxxxl appropriately opens
with an article by Mr. Charles VYhibley
on George Buchanan, whose grim old face
has appeared on the cover of the magazine
from its start, and whose four-hundredth
anniversary falls due next month. Another
four-hundredth anniversary article is on
Rembrandt by Mr. D. S. Meldrum.
Among other items are ' Forty Singing
Seamen,' a poem by Mr. Alfred Noyes ;
' Moving towards a Territorial Army,'
by General Chapman, C.B. ; and ' The
Greatest Game Beast in Europe,' by Mr.
Hesketh Prichard.
Mr. Heinemann is publishing in the
autumn a new edition of Mr. Arthur
Symons's collected ' Poems ' in two
volumes, and a new volume, ' The Fool
of the World, and other Poems,' contain-
ing the morality play recently acted, and
a number of lyrical poems, the work of
the last five or six years.
Messrs. Constable & Co. are also
publishing for Mr. Symons a volume
named ' Studies in Seven Arts,' which has
been in preparation for many years, and
will contain essays on Rodin, Whistler,
Watts, Moreau, Wagner, Strauss, Duse,
and other typically modern artists. Mr.
Symons has in preparation for the same
publishers a book on William Blake, which
will contain a complete study of the man,
the poet, and the painter, together with
various unpublished and little-known docu-
ments giving contemporary accounts of
Blake. Among these will be a transcript
of all the references to Blake in the Diary,
Reminiscences, and Letters of Crabb
Robinson, made for the first time from
the original manse ript, which has never
been printed in full.
Blake is being largely studied. Mr.
John Lane has in active preparation
a cheap edition of Gilchrist's ' Life of
William Blake' in one volume. Mr. W.
Graham Robertson, who has the finest
known collection of Blake pictures, has
edited the text, and written an Introduc-
tion ; but what is of greater interest to
Blake lovers, he has enriched Gilchrist's
work with a large number of the most
perfect of Blake's drawings and pictures.
In addition to these, the majority of the
illustrations originally selected by Gilchrist
for the ' Life ' will be included. Those
who have seen the unique exhibition of
Blake pictures at the Carfax Gallery, the
nucleus of which is from Mr. Robertson's
collection, will be interested to learn that
a number of these have been reproduced.
N° 4104, June 23, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
767
Mr. Marion Crawford has recently
received authorization to use material of
great importance for Italian mediaeval
history, which has hitherto lain almost
unknown in the Colonna archives at Rome.
Some of the documents have, however,
been classified under the direction of Prof.
Tommasato.
Prof. George Cockburn Henderson,
who holds the Chair of History at Adelaide,
New South Wales, has on hand a life of
Sir George Grey, which Messrs. Dent are
to publish. He has visited New Zealand
and South Africa in order to inspect
original documents for this work.
An exhaustive work on Haddon Hall,
by Mr. G. Le Blanc Smith, is announced
to be published by Mr. Elliot Stock imme-
diately, under the title ' Haddon : the
Manor, the Hall : its Lords and Traditions.'
The book will deal with the great families
who have owned Haddon since the Con-
quest, and will furnish much hitherto
unpublished information concerning the
estate and its owners. It will, among
other interesting items, give in detail
some curious stewards' accounts ; the
only existing letter of Dorothy Vernon,
with a facsimile of her signature ; and
the pedigree of the Vernons from Godfrey
the Consul to the present time. A full
description of the ancient fabric, its store
of tapestry, old glass, carvings, and metal-
work, is included, and the whole will be
fully illustrated by photographs and
facsimiles. The book will be dedicated
to the Duke of Rutland, by whose per-
mission it has been compiled.
Father Robert Hugh Benson's next
historical romance will be published on
July 2nd by Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons.
Its title is ' The Queen's Tragedy,' and
it is a story of England in the middle of
the sixteenth century, with Mary Tudor
for its central figure. Her sister Elizabeth
also figures prominently in the book, and
the interpretation of her character is said
to run counter to tradition.
Lord Redesdale's account of the
' Garter Mission to Japan ' will be pub-
lished by Messrs. Macmillan & Co. next
Tuesday.
' Coniston,' the new novel by Mr.
Winston Churchill, the author of ' Richard
Carvel,' which the same firm had
hoped to publish last autumn, will
actually appear in the early days of July.
It does not belong to the series of historical
romances which made the author's reputa-
tion, but is a tale of modern life and
politics, with a love story interwoven.
Canon MacColl has ready for publica-
tion a volume entitled ' The Royal Com-
mission and the Ornaments Rubric' It
is a detailed criticism of his five days'
examination by the Royal Commission on
the historical and legal meaning of the
famous rubric.
The remarkable collection of Lincoln
relics which was the property of Major
William H. Lambert, of Philadelphia,
was destroyed by fire on the 5th inst. It
included 1,000 volumes from Lincoln's
own library, his private desk, over 1,600
books dealing with his career, several
hundred original Lincoln manuscripts, as
well as the table at which he sat when
signing the emancipation proclamation.
Major Lambert owned several MSS. by
Thackeray, which have also been destroyed.
Temple Bar for July contains a critical
essay on Stendhal, describing his military
experiences and analyzing his novels,
by Mr. H. H. Dodwell. Lieut.-Col. A.
Haggard in ' A Sainte Marguerite Salmon '
narrates some exciting adventures in
pursuit of the land-locked salmon in the
whirlpool by the He Maligne. ' Sleepy
Town ' is a pen-and-ink sketch of " a tiny
mediaeval world " discovered by Mrs.
Arthur Ransome when " walking south
from the Lake Country." In ' A Taste of
Vintage ' Miss H. H. Colvill shows the
process of wine-making in Sulmona of the
Abruzzi.
The Baroness Suzette de Zuylen de
Nyevelt has contributed to the July
number of the Sunday at Home an article
on ' The Letters of the Duchesse de
Broglie,' the well-known daughter of
Madame de Stael. Many of these letters
were written to M. Guizot. The same
number will contain a critical character-
sketch of the German Emperor ; an illus-
trated article on Florence, by the editor ;
and an article ' On the Bulgarian Border,'
by Mr. Frederick Moore, in which the
writer predicts that revolution of a deter-
mined character is not far off in Macedonia.
The results recently announced of the
Medieval and Modern Languages Tripos
at Cambridge show that Girton and
Newnham take much more kindly to this
line of study than the rest of the University.
There are two firsts and two seconds among
the men, whereas women get six firsts and
nine seconds.
The ' History of the Tron Kirk and
Parish of Edinburgh,' by the Rev. Dugald
Butler, minister of the Tron Kirk, is pro-
mised by Messrs. Oliphant, Anderson &
Ferrier in the autumn. The Rev. James
MacGregor has contributed some remi-
niscences, and the appendix includes an
account of Ruskin's ancestors in the Tron
parish.
The contents of the July issue of The
Home Counties Magazine will include
articles upon Thomas Frv of Penshurst,
'Gray's Village,' 'Paul's Cross,' 'Old
Pewter,' ' Tom Brown's Country,' and
' Ralph Thoresby in London.'
Mr. James Tregaskis, of High Hol-
born, has had the good fortune to secure
a small octavo volume entitled ' Auteurs
Deguisez,' 1690, in the interlinear spaces
of which Rene Auguste Constantin de
Renneville, the first historian of the
Bastille (in which ho was confined from
May 16th, 1702, until June 16th, 1713),
has written various hitherto unknown
particulars of his life. Twenty-seven of
the leavos contain a finely written poem
of 2,052 lines, dealing with the events of
De Renncville's prison life, with moral
reflections thereon ; and it is claimed that
Voltaire founded one of the songs — the
seventh — of ' La Henriade ' on this MS
poem of De Renneville.
The annual meeting of the London
Library was held last Friday week, and
attended by a distinguished company.
The Report of the Committee proved that
the library was in a prosperous and well-
assured condition, though the number of
members showed a decrease of 92. Mr.
Balfour, who presided, paid a just tribute
to the special character of the library
which distinguishes it from other institu-
tions of the sort. He called attention to-
the admirable organization and extent
of the concern, which was unequalled in
its supply of foreign books ; also to the
important catalogue of books according"
to subjects which the secretary was pre-
paring.
Messrs. Hurst & Blackett now
announce the official ' History of the War
in South Africa ' in four volumes. The
first volume will contain twenty-nine
maps and panoramas.
The Hon. Harry Lawson will preside
at the sixty-seventh anniversary festival
in aid of the funds of the Newsvendors'
Institution, at De Keyser's Royal Hotel,,
on Monday, November 5th.
M. Maurice Castelain has just pub-
lished a French prose translation of
Shelley's ' Hellas,' accompanied by the
English text and notes.
A conversazione is to be given by
the Alliance Anglo-Britannique at the
rooms of the Royal Institute of Painters-
in Water Colours on Tuesday evening
next. An attractive musical programme
is being arranged.
A list of a number of annual prizes at
the disposal of the Academie Francaise
was published in the Paris papers on
Wednesday. It is too long to quote here
in full, but a few of the more interesting
awards may be named. M. Auguste
Dupouy, among the poets, gets the first
Prix Archon-Desperouses for his book
' Partances.' Among the several Prix.
Montyon, which reach the aggregate value
of 19,000fr., Lieut. Paul Azan receives
l,500fr. for his ' Recits d'Afrique,' and
a similar amount goes to M. Emile Boc-
quillon for his ' Crise du Patriotisme a
l'Ecole.' Twenty other fortunate authors
receive 500fr. each for works which fall in
the category of " ouvrages les plus utiles
aux moeurs." Under other " foundations '*
M. Henri Bremond gets l,500fr. for his
work on Newman, to the extent of which
we recently referred, M. Octave Noel
l,000fr. for his ' Histoire du Commerce
du Monde,' and M. Gaultier l,400fr. for
his ' Rire et Caricature.'
A Musee Gustave Flaubert was
officially inaugurated on Sunday last at
Croisset, near Rouen, where Flaubert
passed a part of his life and composed all
his more important works, from ' Madame
Bovary ' to 'La Tentation de Saint
Antoine.'
The death is announced, at the age of
eighty-one, of M. Paulin Niboyet, who
entered the French diplomatic service in
1848. He retired in 1SS0. and took to
journalism. He wrote much for La Patrii
7.;.s
Til E ATI! KNM.I M
N 1104, .Iim. 23, L906
.Mid other papers, chiefly under the p
donym of " xortunio ' ; whilst MveraJ
of liis novels obtained considerable popu-
Laritj .
In recognition of bin labours ;is editor-
biel oi the < >t a iitalisc/ir Bibliographu
for the past ten years the French .\Iini>li\
i Public [nstruction lias conferred OD
Prof. Luoien Bohemian, < »f the University
of Munich, the distinoton of Officier
.1 \. ademie. Prof. Sclierman, who is
ilso ProfesaOT Of Sanskrit and coin-
pa rat Lve PbilologJ at Mu nil] i, lias devoted
himself in the most unselfish manner to
-the Orit wtaUsehe Bibliographic, a record
which is a model of its kind. For a
number of years learned societies like the
Bavarian Academy of Sciences and the
American Oriental Society have granted
subventions for the maintenance of this
publication, and within the past year the
East India Office has also made a grant
towards its cost. Prof. E. Kuhn, of the
University of Munich, who has co-operated
with Prof. Scherman in the editorial work
of the Bibliographie, has been made
Officier de 1' Instruct ion Publique by the
French Ministry, in recognition of his
researches in Sanskrit and comparative
philology.
The death in his fifty-first year is
announced from Tecklenburg, in West-
phalia, of the well-known Berlin critic
And poet Heinrich Hart. His critical
work, undertaken in conjunction with his
brother Julius, entitles him to a place
Among the founders of the modern school
of German writers. He was for many
years attached to the Tagliche Rundschau
:as dramatic critic. Of Ms own composi-
tions, the tragedy ' Sedan ' and the epic
' Das Lied der Menschheit ' may be men-
tioned.
Bjornson has just finished a new
jiovel, which is to be published by Messrs.
■Gyldendal, of Copenhagen. An English
translation is being arranged for simul-
taneous publication.
In addition to Parliamentary Papers
noted by us under ' Science Gossip,' we
anention the publication of Rules and
Programme of Examinations of the Inter-
mediate Education Board for Ireland (9d.);
Index to Consular Reports on Trade and
Subjects of General Interest (Is. 3d.) ;
Memorandum on the Registration of
Teachers and the Abolition of the Register
{Id.) ; Return of the Non-Provided
.Schools in the County of Kent (5%d.) ;
Regulations for the Instruction and Train-
ing of Pupil-Teachers (2^d.) ; and Regu-
lations of the Scotch Education Depart-
ment for the Preliminary Education,
Training, and Certification of Teachers
for Various Grades of Schools (2\d.).
SCIENCE
Plant Response as a Means of Phy-
siological Investigation. By Jagadis
Chunder Bose, D.Sc, Professor, Presi-
dency College, Calcutta. (Longmans
&Co.)
A variety of responses, resulting from
" special sensitiveness " to different
stimuli, have long been recognized in
plants, and ha\c formed the subject <>f
many inquiries on the part of plant
physiologists. Among them perhapt one
of the bl I know n i- t hat of t he plant to
the influence of gravitation. The curva-
tures of Stem and root resulting from (In-
stim ill us of gra\ i'y wen- long Bince demon-
strated by Darwin, who noticed the
special powers of the root tip aa a perceptive
organ. Until recently, though this subject
had been studied by many distinguished
men, and formed the theme of a brilliant
presidential address to the Botanical Sec-
tion at the British Association at Cain-
bridge, it remained in the condition of
descriptive rather than comprehensive
science. We have had to rest content
with the assumption that stem and root
were differently sensitive to the same
force, the stem being repulsed, the root
attracted ; while a third or lateral geo-
tropism was introduced to explain hori-
zontally growing organs. Similarly the
movements in response to the stimulus of
light were perforce treated as the results
of negative, positive, or dia-heliotropic
sensitiveness. The many other move-
ments of " sleep," the special sensitive-
ness of Mimosa, or autonomous move-
ment, as in the leaflets of Desmodium,
were each described separately as specific
capacities of the various plants or organs,
for no unifying principle had been seen
to underlie them all.
With the appearance of the important
book by Prof. Bose on ' Plant Response,'
we have for the first time a conception
which embraces all the expressed or un-
expressed " sensitiveness " of plants. We
are now presented with a complete theory
of their movements — a theory which may
or may not stand the test of further work,
but which will be of great service, even
to those who may in the future supersede
it.
In the 750 pages of the book are con-
densed such numerous observations and
experiments on living plants that one who
knows how long such work takes can only
wonder at its quantity. The chapters
are grouped in nine parts, each bearing
on some special aspect of the large subject
under discussion. Each chapter is pro-
vided with a good summary, and the whole
is well indexed and arranged with a view
to its usefulness to students. The text
is copiously illustrated, chiefly with dia-
grams of responses recorded by the plants
themselves in the course of the various
experiments.
The first part deals with electrical and
mechanical response, and shows that
these responses form a convenient indica-
tion of the effect of stimuli, noting also
how closely their records correspond.
An important point is made in the demon-
stration by various means of the fact that
even ordinary " insensitive " plants are
really sensitive, and that the difference
lies not so much in varieties of sensitive-
ness in different plants as in their mecha-
nical structure, which allows or retards the
movements resulting from stimulation.
Mimosa is sensitive, not because it is
specially receptive of stimuli, but because
n hai m ii- pulvinua a structure which
allows of tin- tree play of the leaf, which
ii inhibited by the hardened tissue in d
plant
• on reading this part, and ...
■ ral times in I he i ourse i A the hook,
one cannot hut feel that, important and
convincing though most of the experi-
ments are, there ic s tendency to Loos
the subject rather from one Sufficient
attention doe-, not always seem to have
been given to the detailed anatomy of the
structures on which the experiment
being conducted.
The second part deals with the eff»
of anaesthetics, chemical poisons, fatigue,
and the critical point of death. The
exact detection of the last has Long ben
a difficulty, which Prof. Bose has appa-
rently solved. The results are of great
interest, and show exact coincidence in the
critical point of death in the case of sjr
mens which have had the same history,
but reveal considerable divergence between
specimens of the same species which have
been under different conditions. A ques-
tion of some importance, viz., the power
of withstanding extremes of temperature
far beyond the maxima and minima of
ordinary conditions, which is exhibited
by completely dry seeds, is not entered
into — probably because the electrical and
mechanical response of stimuli under such
conditions would be difficult, if not im-
possible, to obtain by the method -
employed here. A means of demonstrat-
ing the effect of previous stimuli on the
death point is exceedingly pretty. In
plants which are naturally coloured, if
the small parts of a petal are first
" fatigued " locally by tetanizing shocks,
the effect of which is invisible, and then
the whole is heated to below the normal
death point, the local changes of colour
reveal that the " fatigued " areas die at a
lower temperature than the rest of the
petal. Such experiments are capable of
a large amount of variation, and will
yield valuable " thermographs," as the
resulting parti-coloured " prints " are
named.
The third part deals chiefly with the
transmission and effects of electrical
stimuli, and results parallel with those
given above are obtained, the conductivity
and excitability being reduced by the
previous application of the stimuli of
cold, anaesthetics, or the fatigue of
previous shocks.
A most valuable and interesting account
of experiments on, and an explanation of,
autonomous movement and its relation to
multiple response, forms the bulk of the
fourth part. After a careful perusal of
these chapters one is convinced that
" automatism " has simply been the name
used to cover our ignorance of the reason
for movements which we did not under-
stand, and for which we could see no
immediate stimulus. Experiments here
described on Biophytum and Desmodium
show how the " sensitiveness " and " auto-
matism," to use the old names for the
movements characteristic of these plants,
are simply the results of the condition of
the plant and the stimuli to which it has
N° 4104, June 23, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
769
been submitted ; both can be made to
respond in either way at the will of the
experimenter. It is impossible to mention
the many cases in which the author con-
vinces the reader ; those where one might
dissent are so much fewer that they are
more easily noticed. In this section of the
book, as indeed in others, we are not certain
of the rectitude of the comparisons made
so minutely between the leaflets of Des-
modium, with their " automatic " pulsat-
ing movements, and the beating heart of
the higher animals. It is true that in
many ways they appear to correspond,
and the records obtained from both show
points of similarity ; but the very direct-
ness and superficial simplicity of this like-
ness seem to be a little deceptive.
One of the most difficult of problems,
viz., the ascent of sap, is dealt with in the
fifth part — a subject which has been
attacked by most plant physiologists,
but concerning which no final decision
has been reached. Although much is
claimed in these chapters in this direction,
the work is still far from complete. The
results of the other parts, embodied in the
law that stimulus produces excitatory
contraction of the living cells, must have
considerable bearing on the question ;
but the ascent of sap is not yet fully
explained. The assertion that the vitality
of the plant is essential is important, for
that is a factor which recent workers
have endeavoured to eliminate — unad-
visedly we think. In the detail of these
chapters, however, although much that
is supplied is valuable, we find several
points about which we disagree with the
author, and on the whole this is the least
satisfactory part of the book. Here, as
already noticed, there seems to be a lack
of due recognition of anatomical facts.
For example, on p. 393 we read, " The
ascent of sap is due to the propulsive
energy of vigorous excitatory contraction
proceeding from cell to cell." Now it
should be remembered that it is by the wood
of the tall trees that the water ascends,
but, as every anatomist knows, the wood
•cells of these plants are not living cells,
with protoplasm capable of stimulus, but
dead cells devoid of contents, with much-
thickened walls incapable of contraction.
How, then, can we imagine the sap
ascending by the force of the " contraction
proceeding from cell to cell " ? It is true
that among the dead wood cells are the
soft, living medullary rays ; but they do
not form the path of the water stream, nor
are they vascular elements proper ; while,
further, that they are not supposed to
assist is clear from the sentence on
p. 396, " An interposition of parenchyma-
tous elements may offer a relative obstruc-
tion to the transmission." Anatomists,
and with them most botanists, will there-
fore find themselves hardly able to accept
the explanation of the ascent of sap given
in this book.
The sixth part, on growth, is extremely
suggestive, but perhaps it is excelled by
the seventh, which is chiefly concerned
with geotropism. The demonstration that
the opposite geotropic curvatures in root
and shoot are not due to different sensi-
bilities, but are the result of the same
stimulus and response acting through
differently constructed parts, deserves
careful attention, but is too elaborate to
be dealt with here.
With heliotropism, in the eighth part,
a similar result is achieved, and, to quote
from one of the summaries, " the various
responsive movements which occur under
the action of light are thus explicable
without the assumption of the possession
by different organs of different specific
sensibilities to light." Complete as is
the view presented in these chapters by
Prof. Bose, perhaps he has overlooked
some of the previous work on this subject ;
for example, Oltmanns demonstrated that
there was a positive and a negative move-
ment in the same organ, according to the
intensity of fight — a point which Prof.
Bose prepares to prove afresh.
The apparent insensitiveness to light
on the part of tendrils was observed by
Von Mohl, and is now explained by Prof.
Bose as being the result of a very rapid
lateral transmission of the stimulus,
which causes the responsive contraction
of these radial organs to take place nearly
equally on all sides, with the result that
they appear not to respond at all. If,
however, the stimulus of light is trans-
mitted so rapidly in this way, it does not
appear clear to the reviewer why the
mechanical stimulus of contact should not
be also rapidly transmitted in them with
a resulting uniform contraction, in place
of the rapid twining which actually occurs.
As regards the fight-perception of leaves,
the statement is emphatic that it does not
reside in the lamina, and that no specific
dia-heliotropic sensitiveness is possessed
by them. In conjunction with this,
which from the experiments quoted in the
text seems to be well established, it is
interesting to refer to Haberlandt's recent
paper dealing with the minute histology of
the leaf tissues, where the evidence seems
to point strongly in the other direction.
This does not lessen the value of the present
work, but helps one to appreciate the fact
that only by the combined study from all
points of view can one attain to an even
approximately complete idea of the
whole.
The ninth and last part correlates and
summarizes the previous ones, and re-
iterates the view that a unity of type
underlies the different responses of plants,
the apparent differences depending on
the mechanical structure of the organ
affected. As would be expected from the
previous works of this author, when lie
touches on the wider questions of the
relation of plant response to that of the
rest of the organic and inorganic world,
he tends to draw parallels which appear
more superficial than fundamental.
In a review it is impossible to do justice
to a book of such size and detail. We
may therefore add that it is one which no
plant physiologist, however much he may
combat details in it, can afford to ignore,
which no student of any branch of botany
should overlook, and which should prove
suggestive to animal physiologists, possibly
even to psychologists.
THE THEORY OF ELECTRONS AND
ITS DIFFICULTIES.
Those who hoped that Prof. J. J. Thom-
son's late lectures at the Royal Institution
on ' The Corpuscular Theory of Matter '
would take the form of a concise and intel-
ligible statement of the whole electronic
theory, and its bearing upon current views
of matter, must have been considerably
disappointed. Although something of the
sort was foreshadowed in the first lecture
of the course, the lecturer, after going in
some detail through the principal experi-
ments which first led physicists to consider
seriously the atomic nature of electricity,
drifted off into that experiment of Mayer's
with floating magnets which seems to exer-
cise a fatal fascination for him, and wound
up with an account of the attempts lately
made to determine the number of corpuscles
within the atom, which he had to confess
remains unsettled. Finally, we were assured
that the object of the lectures, and perhaps
of the theory too — for Prof. Thomson was
rather ambiguous on this point — was the
provision of "a model, a study of which
might suggest relations between the pro-
perties of the atom which could then be
investigated."
Our home-made oracles being thus Del-
phically vague on the most wide-reaching
hypothesis of modern physics, it follows that
we must look abroad for a clear idea of the
electronic theory and its general results ;
and happily we find it in a lecture delivered
before the Elektrotechnikers - Verein of
Berlin by Prof. H. A. Lorentz, of Leyden,
who is, to an extent not always fully recog-
nized by English physicists, the father of
the electronic theory and the one who has
done most for its propagation. The lecture
was delivered so long ago as the Christmas
of 1904, but is reprinted for the first time
in the current number of the Archives Neer-
landaises, with such notes, references, and
other additions by the author as make it a
nearly complete discussion of the discoveries
bearing upon the subject up to the present
time. We shall here endeavour to give
briefly the main features of the theory of
electrons as understood by Prof. Lorentz,
and then to notice some of the questions
it leaves unexplained.
By electrons, then, Prof. Lorentz under-
stands those discrete particles, existing in
all material bodies, whether solid, liquid,
or gaseous, which act as carriers of electrical
charges, and it is by their presence and action
that he explains all electrical, magnetic, and
most other physical phenomena. In addi-
tion to these, we must imagine as existing
an ether always in repose and permeating
everything, including the electrons them-
selves. This ether is the medium of trans-
mission of all physical forces, and every
electron creates in the ether surrounding it
a field which, so long as the electron remains
in repose, is entirely electrostatic, i.e.,
resembles that caused by a rod of glass or
resin excited by friction. Immediately the
electron moves, however, it gives rise to
another force at right angles to the first,
which is identical with that created by a
magnet. The field composed by these two
forces is invariable so long as the electron
moves with the same speed and in the same
direction, but at each change of speed or
direction there takes place a radiation of
energy in the- shape of an electromagnetic
wave. Should the speed be high enough.
the wave is luminous ; while if the electron
be suddenly stopped, it gives rise to the dis-
turbance in the ether called the Uontgen or
X rays. The quantity of energy correspond-
77<>
Til K ATHENJEUM
NM104, Jim. 23, 1906
ifi^ to the field can be exactly determined by
tin- equations of Maxwell, and forme the
basil of most of the calculal ions used in
eleotrical engineering; but it follows from
what inis been said that the only forces
which inn art upon t be electron must operate
by »in of the ether and must oome from
other electrons. The electrons may bear
either positive or negative oharges, and the
mass of the positively charged electron
appears to be not far short ox that of the
chemical atom. That of the negative
electron — or. as Prof. J. J. Thomson would
call it. the "corpuscle" — has been more
accurately estimated, and the last-named
physicist has lately announced it to bo 1:V.t
that of the hydrogen atom. But, as has
been many times said of late in these columns
— notably by M. H. Poincare in The Athe-
norum of February 17th — all recent experi-
ments go to prove that the negative electron
has no real mass at all, but only a sort of
inertia varying with its speed, and becoming
almost infinite as this approaches that of
light. If as much could be said for the
positively charged electron, it would follow
that all matter is composed of atoms of
electricity and of nothing else, and that all
physical phenomena are electrical in their
nature. But Prof. Lorentz expressly warns
us that this cannot yet be shown to be the
case.
These considerations for the most part
apply to what are called " free " electrons,
or electrons disengaged from ponderable
matter. It is true that the definition has
only a relative meaning, because Prof.
Lorentz, like most physicists, is of opinion
that the electron could not exist in ether
that was entirely disentangled from matter.
As such conditions cannot be found in our
world, it must be said that the experiments
establishing the conclusions already noted
were all made in vacua so exceedingly high
that the quantity of air or other gas remain-
ing therein was reduced to a minimum. The
behaviour of electrons freed from matter is
therefore still a question of deduction, but the
case is different with those engaged therein,
which Prof. Lorentz examines with closer
attention than has yet been bestowed upon
them. According to his theory, every
charged body bears on its surface a thin
layer of positive or negative electrons,
which in time recombine with others of
opposite sign, so that they lose all influence
upon the field. In the case of a wire or
other conductor through which a " current "
or continually renewed charge is passing,
we have a continuous movement of negative
electrons towards one end. Is there a
corresponding rush of positive electrons
towards the other ? The answer to this
must be deferred till later ; but it may be
said that in making their wray through the
entangling masses of matter, even the negative
electrons, tiny as they are, meet with con-
siderable resistance, which gives rise, as in
the familiar case of an incandescent electric
lamp, to the phenomena of heat and light.
As the resistance varies with the metal or
other substance employed, a conductor
may be described as a body in which the
electrons move freely, and an insulator as
one in which their path is more difficult.
Prof Lorentz, however, like most thorough-
going adherents of the electronic theory,
thinks that the action of electrons in matter
goes far beyond the explanation of merely
electrical phenomena. That light is caused
by electromagnetic radiations has already
been said ; but Prof. Lorentz goes a good
deal further, and asserts that the electrons
are thrown into vibration within the mole-
cules of every ponderable body when struck
by a ray of light. Moreover, he was able
some years ago to deduce, without experi-
mental proof, that the vibratioi 1 in
the electron by, for instance, a luminous
will be varied by a magnetic field, . .1
cause the number of lines m its -.peetrum to
be multiplied — S deduction which whs after-
wards abundant ly verified by the experi-
ments of Zeeman. It we add to this that
the optical properties oi metals can be shown
to correspond to their electrical properties,
SO that the best Conductors are the I
transparent, we may say that light is in all
things an electromagnetic phenomenon, and
that optics are henceforth but a part of the
science of electricity. Prof. Lorentz labours
to show that the same thing may be said of
heat, in which he has less difficulty, as
radiant heat is now admitted to consist of
vibrations in the ether, which only differ
from light-rays by a shorter wave-length
and some quality not yet explained. But
he also demonstrates that the calorific pro-
perties of most substances correspond with
their electrical properties, and find their
only explanation in the electronic theory.
Not only does he show that the electrical
conductibility of a metal bears a certain
ratio to its power of conducting heat, but
he also explains that this is directly due to
the movement of electrons within its mole-
cules. By arguments drawn from the
kinetic theory of gases, he proves that just
as, in a vertical column of heated air, the
upper levels at first show a higher tempera-
ture than the lower, because the molecules
which first get there have the higher speed,
but afterwards the temperature becomes
equal tliroughout by the diffusion in the
upper strata of the slower molecules ; so,
in a metal unequally heated, the electrons
will penetrate the more quickly one layer
after another as their course is the less
hindered by collisions with each other and
with the atoms between which they are
imprisoned. Thus it is that he accounts
for the difference in conductivity between
(say) aluminium and platinum.
In the same way, the electronic theory
enables us to account for various phenomena
which hitherto have received very inadequate
interpretation. If two bars of different
metals, such as bismuth and antimony, are
soldered together crosswise and a current
passed through them, the point of junction
is found to be cooled when the current goes
from the bismuth to the antimony, and
heated when its direction is reversed. Here,
says Prof. Lorentz, before the current passes,
there is an actual transfer of electrons from
one metal to the other. So, too, if two
parallel bars of the same metal have the
corresponding ends of each kept at freezing-
point and boiling-point respectively, and a
current passed through both, one bar is
found to be hotter than the other, and this
varies with the different metals : e.g., in the
case of copper the heat travels with, and in
that of iron against, the current. In this
case also Prof. Lorentz attributes the absorp-
tion or the emission of heat to a movement of
electrons.
These instances have been given to show
how dominant a position the electronic
theory has attained in the whole realm of
physics, and that it rests upon many solid
facts and apparently unrelated phenomena
even more than upon the speculations and
conjectures of physicists. We hope to go
further and point out the difficulties which
preclude for the present its universal ac-
ceptance.
AMALGAMATION OF THE MEDICAL
SOCIETIES OF LONDON.
Since the representative gathering of
London medical men in the College of
Physicians last summer to consider a pro-
.1 for the amalgamation of all tie- centra]
London medical societies into a Royal
Academy or Society of Medicine, there ban.
been a Steady | ■■ ird« the realiza-
tion of the idea. The meeting was con-
vened by the President of the Collegi
Physicians (Sir William Church), hut
immediate justification for it was found in
the cordiality with which the scheme was
red when advocated by sir R. Douglas
Powell in his presidential addn
Royal Medical and CSiirurgica] Bociety.
College of Physicians meeting, which was.
very largely attended, unanimously atfir:
the principle of amalgamation, and an
Advisory Committee and secretare
appointed to approach the various socic
— over twenty — and do all that they could
to further the project.
A large number of the societies have now
laid the matter officially before their members,
and small sub-committees of those bodies,
have been appointed to represent their
particular point of view to the Advisory-
Committee. For it must be remembered
that many of the societies are " special. '"
i.e., consist of members of the profession who
chiefly study one particular subject or
portion of the human organism — the eye,
the nose and ear, the larynx, diseases of
women, diseases of children, life assurance'
work, and anaesthetics. But there are also-
several " general " societies, such as the*
Medical Society of London (which is very-
large and the oldest of them all, having been
founded in 1773), the Hunterian, and the-
Harveian, most of which were probably
called into being because the weeklj- meetings
of one society did not afford adequate oppor-
tunity to hear and discuss the contributions
of the very numerous followers of the pro-
fession to be found in the metropolis.
The scheme provides for two classes of
adherents : Fellows, paying a subscription.
of about three guineas per year, with the
right to attend the meetings of all sections
and to use the combined library ; and
Members of one particular section or
speciality, with the use of the library, and
subscribing about a guinea per annum. t
The speeches at the meetings of the various
societies liave revealed anything but unani-
mity, and there are signs that several of
the societies are awaiting the lead of the
Medical Society of London, which, at a-
special meeting recently, agreed to the
principle of amalgamation, but required
an impartial investigation into the financial
condition of the Royal Medical and Chirur-
gical Society before committing it-self further,
so that it still retains its right to negative
the whole scheme. This was carried by a
three-fourths majority, the dissentients appa-
rently objecting to the proposal in toto.
This was sustained at the subsequent con-
firmatory meeting.
A number of stipulations have been
already put forward by the various bodies,
and there is a very strong sentimental objec-
tion to merging the oldest medical society
in London into a vast organization, with
the surrender of many of those privilege-,
medical and social, which are features of
its long history.
SOCIETI 1 58.
Entomological. — June 6. — Mr. F. Merrifield,
President, in the chair. — Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe
exhibited specimens of Lonicchusa atrumota, p.,
taken with Formica eanrjuinea at Woking on
May 26th and 29th. Only two other British
examples are known — one taken by Sir Hans
Sloans on Hampstcad Heath in 1710. the other
found by Dr. Lench in the mail-coach between
Gloucester and Cheltenham — and these are included
in the British Museum collection. — Mr. H. J. Turner
N° 4104, June 23, 1906
THE ATHENJEUM
771
showed a case containing a large number of the
life-histories of Coleophorids, notes on which have
appeared in the Society's Proceedings or in The
Entomological Record. — Mr. A. H. Jones showed,
on behalf of Mr. Henry Lupton, a few butterflies
from Majorca, captured between April 8th and 20th.
Only one moth was seen, M. stellatarum. So far
under twenty species of butterflies have been
recorded from the Balearic Islands. — Mr. Selwyn
Image showed a specimen of Crambus ericellus, Hb. ,
taken at Loughton, Essex, August 8th, 1899 (not
pi'evioiiBly recorded from further south than Cum-
berland); two specimens of Nola confusalis, H. S.
•ab. co/umbina, Image, taken in Epping Forest,
.May 5th, 1906; and a specimen of Peronea cristana,
F., the ground colour of upper wings abnormally
black, even more intensely black than in the ab.
nigrana, Clark, also from Epping Forest. — Mr.
-J. H. Keys sent for exhibition the type of Spathor-
rhamphus corsicus, Marshall, from Vizzavona,
Corsica. This fine Anthribid was supposed by
some coleopterists to have been an accidental
importation into the mountainous regions of the
island, but is no doubt endemic. — Mr. Gr. C.
Champion remarked that he had taken Platy-
rhinus latirostris in numbers in the beech and pine
forests (Pinus laricio) along the Una of railway,
above the tunnel. — Dr. F. A. Dixey exhibited
•specimens of African Pierinaj found by Mr. C. A.
Wiggins on February 2nd, 190(5, settled on damp
soil near the Ripon Falls, Victoria Nyanza, and
caught, to the number of 15.3, at a single sweep of
the net. Eight species were represented ; the
examples were all males, and, with one exception,
belonged to the dry-season form of their respective
species. — Prof. E. B. Poulton communicated some
notes on Natal butterflies, which he had received
from Mr. G. H. Burn, of Weenen, and exhibited
the four individuals oiEuralia wahlberghi, Wallgr.,
and E. mima, Trim., captured by Mr. G. A. K.
Marshall near Malvern, Natal. He exhibited Mr.
Marshall's latest demonstration of seasonal phases
in South African species of the genus Precis, the
proof by actual breeding that P. tukuoa, Wallgr. ,
is the dry-season phase of P. ceryne, Boisd. — Prof.
Poulton further showed 325 butterflies captured in
•one day by Mr. C. B. Roberts, between the eighth
and tenth mile from the Potaro River, British
Ouiana, and drew attention to the preponderance
of males ; also specimens of the beetle Apteroda
orbiculala, Mar., and its mimic a little Hemipteron,
Haltica apterus, L. , swept together in Stow Wood,
Oxford ; and of the beetle Myrmedonia canalicu-
lata, F., and its mimic the ant Myrmica rubra,
var. mgoides, Nyl. , with a note on their respective
association by Mr. W. Holland. — The following
papers were read : ' Some Bionomic Notes on
Butterflies from the Victoria Nyanza Region, with
Exhibits from the Oxford University Museum, by
Mr. S. A. Neave, — ' On the Habits of a Species of
Ptyelus in British East Africa,' by Mr. S. L.
Hinde, illustrated by drawings by Mrs. Hinde, —
" Mimetic Forms of Papilio dardanus (merope) and
Acr<ra johnstoni ' and • Predaceous Insects and
their Prey,' by Prof. E. B. Poulton, — and 'Studies
on the Orthoptera in the Hope Department,
Oxford University Museum : I. Blattidae,' and ' A
Note on a Feeding Experiment on the Spider
Nephila maculata,' by Mr. R. Shelf old.
Meteorological. — June20. — Mr. Richard Bent-
ley, President, in the chair. — Mr. F. J. Brodie read
a paper on ' The Mean Prevalence of Thunder-
storms in Various Parts of the British Islands
during the Twenty-five Years 1881-1905.' The
author gives the mean number of days on which
thunderstorms, or thunder only, occurred in each
month, each season, and in each year at fifty-three
ions situated in Tarious parts of the United
Kingdom. July is the month with the largest
number of thunderstorms over Great Britain as a
whole, and August at some places in the north of
Scotland and north-west of England ; while June
is the stormiest month at nearly all the Irish
stations. For t he whole year the largest number
of thunderstorms is over the northern and eastern
parts of England, where more than fifteen occur,
while there are under live in the west and south of
Ireland and at most placesin the north of Scotland.
The summer distribution <>f thunderstorms is
similar to the annual distribution, while the winter
distribution is very different, for then thelai
numbers ooour along the west coasts of Ireland and
•Scotland and the extreme south-west of England. —
Mr. W. H. Dines communicated a paper on a
' Typical Squall at Oxshott, May 25, 1906.' During
the morning there was a steady wind from the
south-west of over 10 miles per hour until 11 a.m.,
when there was some falling off for fifteen minutes;
then a rise to over 20 miles per hour, accompanied
by a sudden increase of barometric pressure and a
fall of a few hundredths of an inch of rain. After
the squall the wind dropped suddenly and there
was almost a dead calm for about twenty minutes.
The author, who was flying a kibe at the time,
gave some account of the changes in the wind at a
considerable altitude above the earth. At 1 lh. 26m.
the squall struck the kite, which was then at a
height of 8,400 ft. Two minutes later the velocity
at the kite had risen to 58 miles per hour, and the
wire broke under a strain of 1801b. Three minutes
later the kite fell at a spot 2\ miles distant from
Oxshott.
Historical. — June 14. — Rev. Dr. W. Hunt,
President, in the chair. — The following were
elected Fellows : R. S. Rait, Arnold de Lisle,
W. A. Parker Mason, and Miss M. B. Synge. —
Miss R. R. Reid read the paper which obtained
the Alexander Prize Medal, 1905-6, on ' The Rising
of the Earls, 1569.' — Mr. James Gairdner, Mr. Sec-
combe, Mr. Hall, Miss Leonard, and the President
took part in the brief discussion upon the paper,
which treated of the social and political as well as
of the religious causes which underlay the rising.
Miss Leonard further emphasized the social discon-
tents ; and the President pointed out that the
queen's action was a necessary step in completing
the work of her father in destroying the remains
of feudal independence in the North.
Society of Biblical Arch.eology. — June 13.
— Prof. Sayce read a paper on the " Chedor-laomer
Tablets " discovered by Dr. Pinches eleven years
ago. He said that the progress of Assyriology has
rendered it possible to revise the translations then
given of them and to restore many of the mutilated
passages. A recent discovery made by him has
proved that Dr. Pinches was right in identifying
the King of Elam mentioned in them with Chedor-
laomer, the true reading of the cuneiform signs
composing the name being now ascertained. He
gave a corrected translation of the texts, with
notes and addenda, and pointed out that they con-
stitute a trilogy put together out of other materials
in the Persian period. In the first part of the tri-
logy the conquest of Babylon and the destruction
of its temple are ascribed to the unrepented sins of
the people and the anger of Bel-Merodach, with a
side reference to its later conquest by Cyrus ; in
the second part a Messiah is promised who had
been predestined " from days everlasting," arid
who shall "destnry the wicked ones"; while the
third part describes the punishment which fell on
Chedor-laomer and his allies, and concludes with
the declaration that " the sinner shall be rooted
out." The poems are unique in Babylonian litera-
ture in mentioning " the Accuser," who plays the
part of Satan in the book of Job, and in using the
plural "gods" as a singular. By combining the
references contained in them with a passage in
the standard Babylonian work on astronomy it
is found that Tudghula, or Tid'al, was king of
the Manda, or " Nations,"' and that it was with
their help that Kudur-Laghghamar succeeded in
conquering Babylonia. It would further appear
that the conquest took place when Khammurabi of
Babylon was still a boy, that the Elamite suze-
rainty in Babylonia lasted thirty years, and that
the mother of Eri-Aku, or Arisch, was a sister of
the Elamite king.
M \tiii;m atk at,. — Jv»< 14. — Prof. A. R. Forsyth,
President, in the chair. — Mr. W. H. Jackson was
admitted into the Society. — Mr. Walter Bailey
exhibited a collection of models of space-filling
solids. — The following papers were eonimunieated :
' The Algebra of A polar Linear Complexes,' by Dr.
H. F. Baker, — 'Supplementary Note on the Re-
presentation of certain Asymptotic Series as Con-
vergent Continued Fractions,' by Prof. L. J.
Rogers, — and 'On certain Special Types of Con-
vertible Matrices,' by Mr. J. Brill.
PHT8ICAL. — June 8. — Prof. J. Perry. President,
intheohair,- A papei by Mr. II. Davies, 'On the
Solution of Problems in Diffraction by the Aid of
Contour Integration,' was read by the Secretary. —
Mr. J. Goold's experiments with a vibrating steel
plate were exhibited by Messrs. Newton & Co. — A
paper on ' Fluid Resistance ' was read by Col. R. de
Villamil.
MEETINGS next week.
Mox. Jewish Historical, 8.30.— ' The Return of the Jews to England,
Sir Isidore Spielmann; 'The Crawford Hagadah,' Mr. I.
Abrahams ; ' Some Members of the Whitehall Conference,'
Mr. I. Solomons ; and other papers.
Wed. British Numismatic, 8.—' A Find of Ancient British Coins at
South Ferrihy, near Barton-on-Humber,' Mr. B. Both.
— Geological, S. — ' Interference-Phenomena in the Alps,' Mrs.
M. M. Ogilvie Gordon ; ' The Influence of Pressure and
Porosity on the Motion of Sub-Surface Water,' Mr. W. B.
Baldwin-Wiseman.
TniRS. Royal, 4..S0.
— Society of Antiquaries, 8.30.
%timtt Ctestp.
A new lectureship, to be called the George
Combe Lectureship on General and Experi-
mental Psychology, has been established in
the University of Edinburgh. The salary
is 300Z. a year.
Recent Parliamentary Papers include
Part I. of the Annual Report of the Fishery
Board for Scotland (Is. 9d.) ; and Report of
Delegates to the International Congress on
Tuberculosis, held at Paris October, 1905
(2d.).
Harvard College Circular No. 115
announces the variability of no fewer than
twenty-two stars in the constellation Carina,
discovered by Miss Leavitt's examination
of six plates taken with the Bruce telescope.
One of these is of the Algol type, and a
number of observations of its magnitude
when near minimum (about 12J magnitude)
are given. Circular No. 117 announces a
star of that type in the constellation Sagit-
tarius, detected by Mrs. Fleming on a com-
parison of several plates. It varies about a
magnitude in a period of little more than
two days, the minimum being about 9£.
Madame Ceraski, in the course of her exam-
ination of plates taken by M. Blajko at the
Moscow Observatory, has noticed a new
variable in the constellation Draco. When
brightest, this star is of about 9 '7 magnitude ;
when faintest, if appears to be below 12J.
Its situation is a little to the west of 7 Dra-
conis, and about 3 degrees to the north of
76 Ursse Majoris ; its designation will be
var. 54, 1906, Draconis.
FINE ARTS
THE PRESERVATION OF THE
CAIRO MONUMENTS.
Comite de Conservation des Monuments de
VArt arabe. Proces-verbaux, Rapports,
Appendices. Fasc. XIX., XX., XXI.
18 plates. (Cairo, Imprimerie de l'ln-
stitut francais.)
Memoires de la Mission areJuologique
francaise au Caire. — XIX. Fasc. IV.
Materiaux pour un Corpus Inscrip-
tionum Arabicarum. Par Max van
Berchem.— Le Caire. Fin, Appendice,
Index general. (Paris, Leroux.)
The Commission for the Preservation of
the Monuments of Aral) Art has so com-
pletely mastered its business, and its
reports show such a mass of detailed work
carefully and methodically organized,
that an annual review of its proceedings
becomes almost monotonous. It is a
form of monotony, however, thai implies
commendation. We have little bu1 praise
77'J
THE ATHENAEUM
NM104, Jt BE 33, 1906
to award to the labours of the Commission
-••1 forth in it- last three reports. If we
an- inclined ti> egroci with Mi. Bomen
Clarke that it would be advantageous to
issue these reports more expeditiously, we
ire also aware that the bureau is already
Overwhelmed with work, sad it is not
easy to get the reports out as quickly as
all would desire. Mr. Somers Clarke
wi-^he- that the honorary members, sucli as
himself, could receive the proces-verlxm r
in time to oommunioste their views as to
important decisions before these are
irrevocably carried into effect. The
immediate cause of his suggestion — it
might he termed a protest — was the
removal of the graceful hanafiyeh, or
fountain for Hanafi ablutions, from the
mosque of Sultan Hasan to that of el-
Maridani. This removal was apparently
decreed and carried out before the opinions
of the honorary members in Europe could
be laid before the Commission. There is
no doubt that the step is open to criticism,
for although the fountain does not belong
to the foundation of the first-named
mosque, the history of a monument is
revealed by its later accretions as well as
by its original structure, and in such cases
it seems advisable to take the views of
the European experts in Saracenic art as
well as those of the sitting Commission,
even though this comprises such well-
known authorities as Yakub Artin Pasha,
Franz Pasha, Herz Bey, and M. Casanova.
It should not be difficult to send prompt
transcripts of the proces-verbaux to the
honorary and corresponding members,
seeing that these number only eight —
Adler, Lane-Poole, Baudry, Grand, Zalusky,
Somers Clarke, Rhone, and Van Berchem.
The finances of the Commission have
been of late unusually flourishing. The
Caisse de la Dette continues its wise policy
of making very substantial grants, in pursu-
ance of the advice given by Lord Cromer in
1896, which resulted in the unprecedented
grant of 20,000?. Since then the Caisse
has voted 10,500?. This is apart from the
ordinary annual income of the Commission,
about 8,000/., of which the Wakfs Adminis-
tration contributes half. As a result of an
improved revenue the Commission has
been enabled to devote some 7.000Z. to the
much-needed preservation of the great
mosque of Sultan Hasan, for which Herz
Bey pleaded in his superbly illustrated
monograph. It has also taken in hand
the beautiful tomb-mosque of Kalaun,
the mosque of Aksunkur, the exquisite
tomb of Kait Bey in the Karafah, and
many others ; whilst the long-standing
work on the mosque of el-Maridani has
been completed. It is especially to be
noted that all restorations are duly dis-
tinguished by Arabic inscriptions giving
the date of each separate part of the
restoration, and these inscriptions are
recorded in the annual report?. Such
distinguishing marks were strongly recom-
mended in Lord Cromer's Report to
Parliament in 1896, and there can be no
question as to their necessity. Another
recommendation has been continuously
acted upon, namely, the expropriation
and removal of the shops and
tUbris that disfigure, and often seriously
injure, many <>f the mosque facades.
These are gradually disappearing by t he
action of the Commission, especially in the
Ghurtyeh and Nahhssfn. The Conunis*
UOn i- also vigilant in resisting any
encroachments by shopkeepers or private
citizens on the area of the monuments:
many instances occur in the repot
though it is extremely difficult to keep an
eye upon all the hundreds of buildings
classified as artistic remains, and it is not
surprising that now and then an act of
vandalism should be successful.
The Appendixes to the reports are always
interesting, and we are glad to read that the
tomb and medreseh of eR-Salih Ayyub,
the opponent of St. Louis, have been
made the subject of special investigation,
and that the clearing away of the drcombres,
&c, which masked these important monu-
ments has resulted in the uncovering of
some fresh details. It is deeply to be
regretted that a careful excavation has
not revealed any further remains of the
Kamiliyeh College, which, according to
the sketches of James Wild, the architect,
and sometime curator of the Soane
Museum, was in a fair state of preservation
about sixty years ago. It would be interest-
ing, by the way, to learn where Wild's
sketch-books are now. They were full of
elevations and plans of numerous monu-
ments in Cairo, many of which have
suffered partial or perhaps complete
destruction since the drawings were made.
Other appendixes, compiled by Herz Bey,
relate to mosques at Mahallah el-Kubra
and at Ikhmim, and to the so - called
" Roman " tower at Alexandria, showing
that the Commission does not restrict its
surveillance to Cairo monuments alone.
It is also satisfactory to see that consider-
able sums have been expended upon the
upkeep and repair of the splendid gates
of Cairo and the old walls, as well as upon
the well-known Roman fortress of Babylon.
The work of restoration among the Coptic
buildings, however, proceeds somewhat
slowly, partly owing to the small contri-
bution made by the Patriarch (we believe
only 200Z. a year) to the restoration fund.
Some two thousand pounds, nevertheless,
have been well spent upon Deyr el-Adra,
Abu-s-Seyfeyn, and Deyr el-Benat. It is
to be hoped that the jealous attention
which the Commission has long directed
to the tract of 'Eyn es-Sira may be followed
by excavations, which should lead to dis-
coveries in connexion with the older Arab
capitals. We note that as much as 8001.
was paid for an enamelled glass lamp of
the emir Almas (fourteenth century) for
the Museum of Arab Art .
For the history of the monuments over
which the Commission and its Chief
Architect watch with such admirable
energy and discretion no more valuable
work exists than the learned and com-
prehensive ' Corpus Inscriptionum Arabi-
carum,' which M. Max van Berchem has
completed (so far as Cairo is concerned)
by the publication of a fourth part, treat-
ing of the 'Othmanli inscriptions and of
the inscriptions preserved in the Cairo
Museum, many of which are of great
interest. But the grand feature of this
final fasciculus is an elaborate index.
comprising 50,000 references, and includ-
ing the Arabic names, ti'.les. and
word- (except mere particle- and the likei
Hiring in all the inscriptions in the
1 OorpUS.1 The narn<\s and word- ar>-
given in italic and romau (not Arabic?
letters, and tic m <>f reference i-
mOSt carefully and methodically com-
pressed. The labour of compiling so vast
and detailed an index must have l>een
immense, and we are not surprised to
read that the author was engaged upon it
for two years. Its utility to the -tudent
of the Arabic monuments and of the
history of Egypt under Mohammedan rule
is simply incalculable, and M. van Berchem
has rendered a very notable service to
Oriental historians and epigraphists by
this eminently practical conclusion to a
work of rare scholarship and persevering
labour.
We must not omit to refer to his
appendix, containing some important
Arabic inscriptions from various parts of
Egypt ; an elaborate discussion of the
inscription of Bedr el-Gemali on the
(vanished) Mosque of the Perfumers at
Alexandria (on which the learned author
differs, rightly, from Amari's reading) ; a,
very curious inscription of the Fatimid
caliph el-Amir at Damietta, which gives
occasion to M. van Berchem for an inter-
esting examination of the Xizarian pre-
tension ; and (to name no more) the
inscription of Saladin on the Citadel of
Cairo which was copied by Lane eighty
years ago, but has since disappeared. It
was published in English by Prof. Lane-
Poole in The Athenceum, but now appears
for the first time in the Arabic text, with
a few verbal emendations which are un-
doubtedly correct. M. van Berchem is
evidently a careful reader of our columns,
and we observe that he has adopted our
orthography of the name of the queen
Sheger - ed - durr (" Chad jar ad-durr "),
instead of the vulgar form Shegeret,
which we regret to notice that the Cairo-
Commission retains. With regard to our
criticism (Alhe?iceum, No. 3757, p. 591 >
of his view that the titles with ed-dunyi
wa-d-din are necessarily sovereign titles,
M. van Berchem argues that though we
were right on the numismatic evidence
(where the admitted sovereignty implied
in the right of sikkeh rendered the double
title less necessary), the evidence of inscrip-
tions and protocols confirms his opinion *
but the exceptions he notes prove that
this statement is not absolute before the
period of the Mamluks. With this reserva-
tion there is little difference between usr
and M. van Berchem is doubtless justified
in his distinction between coins and inscrip-
tions in point of authority on questions of
titles.
Amf.uhans are paying increased attention
to tci irplv TrtXiopia in the culmination of
their commercial success ; and every year
one finds fresh evidences of it. They are
taking up culture of the older world .
and with an enthusiasm which makes for
accomplishment. Old furniture, old gardens.
N°4104, June 23, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
773
old pictures, old books— all old things are
becoming dear to them, in two senses.
Among other things they are engrossed in old
fashions, as several excellent books testify.
There was Mrs. Morse Earle's ' Two Cen-
turies of Costume in America,' and here is a
rival, Historic Dress, 1607 to 1800 (Lane),
by Mrs. McClellan, which is even more
•elaborate than its predecessor. If we
remember rightly, this sumptuous volume
was issued in the United States a year or
two ago. It has the distinction of being
admirably illustrated in colour, pen and ink,
and wash drawings by Miss Sophie Steel,
to whom much credit is due for her accuracy
and patience. The wash pages are the most
■effective, and catch the eye at a glance,
•enabling the reader to follow the changing
course of fashion quite easily, as it varied
from simplicity to over-elaboration, and
back again to simplicity. It is odd
that a portion of the eighteenth century
which produced the best specimens of
domestic architecture and furniture should
have been characterized by such abomin-
able taste in dress ; and just as the
mode was marching towards the close
of the century, moving in the direction of
chaster outlines, the vulgarities of the Empire
tococco were threatened. On the whole,
American dress kept pace with the European
exemplars, but the fashions lingered longer
in remoter places. One gathers from these
pages that in many cases old robes have been
carefully and piously preserved in American
families, and here adorn the bodies of fair
descendants. Thus also is connexion made
with the historic past.
tion is somewhat unsympathetic, we should
like to see some of our more naturally gifted
and impulsive colourists strengthening them-
selves by so sound and utilitarian a method.
They are usually discouraged from so doing on
the ground of " the impossibility of reconcil-
ing opposing virtues " ; but as a matter of
fact every painter of any stature has grown
to that stature by thus combining many
elements into one richly varied talent,
and one of the reasons that keep modern
painters small is the coddling that shelters
them from the wind of criticism on the side
on which they are temperamentally weak,
and thus deprives them of a useful stimulus
to all-round development.
DECORATIVE PANELS AT THE
ALPINE CLUB.
Holding, as we do, that a revival of
decorative painting is of the first importance
in the interests of living art, we welcome
any attempt in this direction. The patron
-who wisely commissions, the artist who
successfully executes, a suite of decorations
have, other things being equal, done more
usefully than they would have done by a
corresponding generosity in the buying, and
activity in the production, of easel pictures.
Even failure in such a desirable effort lias its
merit, and in this case neither patron nor
artist has entirely failed. The pictures
hang together harmoniously in schemes,
judiciously varied, but of homogeneouscolour,
and Mr. Kerr Lawson has the technique of a
decorator. We see such work less frequently
here than in the Paris Salons, where we
constantly come on large landscapes by men
manifestly capable of the orderly dividing-
up of the process of painting a picture into
rio many different sections that shall enforce,
but not obliterate each other, and leave the
entire work a single unbroken movement,
% et men as manifestly destitute of the power
of imaginative design which is the other half
of the decorator's equipment — destitute
also of the fine instinct for the delicacies of
colour relation that is his crown and final
justification.
The colour instinct, ill regulated perhaps,
is so much commoner in England than in
Prance that its absence in a man with the
painter's competence of Mr. Kerr Law sou.
comes as something of a shock. Without
being actively objectionable, he is definitely
, bud oolourist On the other hand, if these
panels ate not, first-rate designs, some of
the blame is due to the patron for imposing
i, impracticable subject! as these purely
architectural street scenes, in which a
multitude of rectilineal details must be a
trifle unmanageable. Yet though the collec-
YOUNGER PAINTERS AT THE
BAILLIE GALLERY.
Mb. Fergusson has a small show in this
Baker Street gallery which displays a.one-
sided talent. His work rises in one or two
of these little pictures to an unusual pitch
of excellence, but is identical in aim with
that of a large proportion of the last genera-
tion of painters, whose efforts have on the
whole been very disappointing in result.
After the manner of Whistler and in the
short, detached sentences that recall his
style,' Mr. Fergusson in the Catalogue sets
forth their position with admirable brevity,
and something of Whistler's specious art of
stating what is generally considered an incon-
trovertible fact in such a manner as to
imply something very disputable.
" To the realist in painting, light is the
mystery : for form and colour, which are
the painter's only way of representing life,
exist only on account of light. The only
hope of giving the impression of reality is by
truthful lighting." Here is an example of
a conclusion not indisputable, for all its
apparent simplicity : we are not obliged to
paint literally, to produce nature's impres-
sion of reality in nature's way. Much more
damaging, however, is the assumption to
which the painter in practice proceeds, that
truthful lighting is therefore the only business
of art (as though, forsooth, "reality" were
its only aim) — an assumption expressed,
indeed, in the next sentence, where we are
told that " the painter, having found the
beauty of nature, ceases to be interested in
the beauty of art " — which is true in the
present instance, but, we submit, regrettable.
For in what does this traditional beauty
of art consist but in paying nature the com-
pliment of a truer imitation ? Seeing that
in nature there is no such thing as repetition,
but everything is uniquely fitted for its
place, the artist tries to find for painting its
place in the scheme, to endow it with the
qualities most fitted for its permanent nature,
its decorative function as part of an interior
qualities fundamentally different from
those we accept as beautiful in the fleeting
vision of a moment, to be read each as one
of an infinite chain of visions where beauty
consists of evanescence. To describe the
achievements in this task of the great
masters as a " piecing together of different
impressions " is not happy, and, indeed,
Mr. Fergusson seems to regard each " im-
pression and emotion as a thing very single
in itself, and marked definitely off from its
successor, as though he had exchanged for
the snap of the kinematograph the calm
Continuity of eye and brain.
\\ , have examined seriously, because it
represents a typical position that still
persists and gains converts, this prologue
, splanatOTJ "t the aitistS intention, winch.
as he truly says, must, be understood Dj
those who would estimate his achievement.
We believe it to be an honest explanation,
but of an intention that is harmful and not
calculated to lead to the best results. With
this proviso there are a few of Mr. Fergus-
son's studies that reach a high level of
excellence. He renders with great poignancy
the atmosphere of that most melancholy
place, a fashionable French bathing station
the tiring brilliance that sun and sand
and sky alike reflect, and that the chalets
are too flimsy to keep out, the white nights
that scarcely heal the ache of the dazzling
days; so impregnated is every object with
Ho-lit that even at night it gives off a
level, shadowless radiance. Even by
moonlight the raw chalky white of the
stucco vases along the " front " will remain
harsh, while it is subtle, and in this
contradiction is the pictorial quality of these
places, which the artist has occasionally
seized by a stroke of magic, extenuating
nothing of the crudity, wringing, indeed,
out of it a super-subtlety of tone. His
Aberdour Pier, Paris Plage from the Sea,
A Cloudy Sky, Villa Stella Maris, and The
Bathing Hour, Paris Plage, are so many poems
by a true lover who has felt the pathos of
these husks of gaiety, without weight,
without inside, like the shells of sea creatures
we see flung on the shore, bleached and dried
by the sun into dazzlingly useless emblems
of white fragility.
This is Mr. Fergusson's note, and this
apart (though elsewhere he has shown still
life of some power), he exhibits here a ten-
dency to produce pictures that might reason-
ably be stigmatized as daubs. We earnestly
trust that a painter of such native gifts will
consent to revise his " intentions."
Downstairs is a painter of more academic
cut, who would never consent to Mr. Fer-
gusson's propositions. Mr. Philpot's best
picture, the Lady with a Letter, is in its
successful part frankly conventional and
generalized. He seems to have had a
difficulty with the face, which is treated in
more realistic fashion and not quite success-
fully. Elsewhere the influence of Mr.
Charles Shannon is a little disquieting in a
painter so young as almost to be liable to
exploitation for prodigious infancy. So
much technical fluency achieved so soon
threatens shallowness. Some charming dry-
points show him at his lightsome best.
Another student showing possibilities is
Mr. Louis Sargent, who has some graceful
projects in pastel. The Infant Dionysus
is perhaps the best. He has not, we think,
advanced too far to consider the advisa-
bility of adopting a nom de guerre that
might spare him some of the annoyance
attendant on wearing his own.
THE A(i NEW AND OTHER SALES.
Mkssrs. Chkistik's sale last Saturday chiefly
consisted of the collection of modern pictures and
water-colour drawings formed by tin- late Mr.
Thomas Agnew. of Fairhope, Eocles, near Man-
chester, a former partner in the tine-art firm
,,f Thomas Agnew & Sons. This collection was
bequeathed by Mr. Agnew, whodied upwards of
thirty years ago, to his widow, whose death a few
months since' has been followed by the present
dispersal. The greater p it ion of the pictures
were purchased by the firm of Messrs. Agnew, in
some eases for the various meiuhers of the family.
Most of the artists represented in the sale have
had their dav : they Were for the most part at the
height of their popularity when Mr. Agnew formed
bis collection, so that on Saturday there were a
t,w considerable " drops " in price. In some tv*
instances, however, the pnres realized were in
advance of those at which the works were
aoquired. The total of 10,727/. IT*, for 122 lots
was considerably higher than had been anticipated.
There were 'only two pictures of the Early
English School, and h >th wore catalogued as l>y
771
THE ATHKNjEUM
N°4104, Jink 23, 1906
sir Jot boa K' j ooldi ill'- more hupoj i.mi «
i young boy in ■ bita di
Ins hands joined before him, in ■ landaoapa book
ground, ■ oompoeition vary hk«. Reynolari por-
trait "i Maatei Philip Yorka (afterwards \ [aoount
iton), painted in 1787« Tbia piotore
always regarded aa the work "t Gainaboroagh,
under whoae name, and with the titl-
'Innooenoe,' it waa aold for SOOga. at the Agnev
Baled l^Ti. fta aimilaritj to Reynolda'a portrait
ol Master E*bilip Yorke lea to its being attributed
to that nrtist, but exoellent judges now regard it
as the work of Sir William Beeohey, whoae oopiee
ol Reynolds are known to have surprised the
President himself by their extraordinary
exaotitude. On Baturday this piotore realized
k The seoond Reynolds waa a picture of the
two Mi>s Paines, daughters ef .lames Paine the
arohiteot, the elder girl in white-and-blue * 1 1 -
and the younger in pink dreaa This is an early
Reynolds, painted in 1T.">7, and was the property
of Mr. John Craven in 1863, when the Bitters wire
deaoribed as the Ladies de Grey and Grantham.
In July, 1866, it realized 95ga. at Foster's; in
Maroh, 1872, it brought I15gs. at Christie's, and a
year later advanced to 210gs. ; on .Saturday it
fetched 440gs. It \\as engraved in 1806 by R. B.
Park
The other pictures were : R. Ansdell, Gathering
the Flock. L56ga ; Lytham Sandhills, 310gs. Rosa
Bonheur, Bheep by the Seashore, 510gs. E. W.
t ooke, Danish Craft on the Elbe, off" Blankenese,
low water. I40gs. D. Cox, Wind, Rain, and
Sunshine, Lytham Sands, 220gs. W. P. Frith,
II garth brought before the Governor of Calais as
a Spy, 310gs. (this realized l.OOOgs. at the Brooks
sale in 1879). P. Graham, Waves breaking over
Rocks, 150gs. F. Hall, Gone, 370gs. ; Faces
in the Fire, 135gs. (in Topham sale 1878 it
fetched lOOgs.). J. C. Hook, Fisher-Girls Gather-
ing Mussels, 220gs. J. Linnell, sen., The Storm,
Tings, (at the Fenton sale, 1879, 510gs.). J.
Constable, River Scene, with cottages, bridge, and
boats, 260gs. J. N. Sartorius, In Full Cry, 2(X)gs.
E. van Marcke, Two Cows standing in a Pool of
Water, a Third Cow lying down, 505gs.
The drawings included : G. Barret, River Scene,
with a tree and church spire, 80gs. D. Cox, Rocky
Landscape, with a cottage and two figures, 60gs. ;
On the Beach, Rhyl, lOOgs. ; Woody Landscape,
harvest time, llags. ; Walton Abbey, on the
Thames, 65gs. ; Returning from Market, 65gs.
P. De Wint, Bolton Abbey, 75gs. ; Landscape,
with a windmill and figures, 135gs. ; River Scene,
with a pleasure barge and punt, 120gs. ; Woody
Landscape, 52gs. G. Chambers, Sailing-Boat in a
Breeze, 60gs. C. Fielding, Landscape, with figures
and cattle near a river, 58gs. ; Mountainous Land-
scape, with cattle on a road, lOOgs. A. C. Gow,
Figures on a Road, a church in the distance, 52gs.
W. Hunt, Grace before Meat, 2(K)gs. (from the
Baron Grant sale of 1877, when it brought 370gs.).
Sir F. Powell, Nearing Port, 62gs. ; Early Morn-
ing on Loch Fyne, 62gs. S. Prout, The Arcade
of the Rialto, 95gs. F. Tayler, The Coverley Hunt,
4Slis. Turner, Colchester, engraved in the ' Eng-
land and Wales ' series, oOOgs. ; Ash by de la Zouche,
engraved in the same series, 520gs. (from the Novar
sale of 1878, when it realized 500gs.); River and
Bridge, with cows, 76gS.
The second portion of the sale consisted of pic-
tures and drawings, the property of the late Mr.
(i. K. Harrison, the late Mr. G. H. Tod-Heatly,
and others. The pictures included : Sir L. Alma
Tadema, A Safe Confidant, on panel, 22()gs. H.
Fantin-Latour, Flowers in a Bowl, 3.">0gs. ; Basket
of Grapes and a Pomegranate, IGOgs. J. B. C.
Corot, Near Ville d'Avray, <>50gs. F. Goodall,
The Post Office, 132gs. B. W. Leader, Llynwellyn,
l.'iOgs. .1. Mill Whirter, A Silver Gleam, 13()gs.
L. J. Pott, The Cardinal's Lecture, 145gs. E. M.
Wimperis, Gathering Seaweed, l.r>()gs. J. Zoffany,
Suetonius Grant, elder brother of Patrick Heath/,
and his youngest sister Temperance Green, 260gS.
Drawings by*T. S. Cooper, Canterbury Meadows,
90g& ; Morning, 105gB.
The total of the day's sale of 155 lots amoiuitcd
to 14,243/. 15a <>'/.
3fitu-^rt Cfosstp.
Yesterday we were invited to view at
the new Dudley Gallery sketches made by
the lute Charles Wirc/luan during " i' tdenOfl
• >f twenty (i\i- yean in Japan iiml join:
in Formosa, Manilla, and China; also
water-colours of Bforoooo, <v<-., by Mr. T. B.
vYirgman^
To-day ia tin- private view at the Dor6
Gallery of .Mr. V. c. Qould'i Westminster
cartoons of political events of the la I
twelve months, and at the Modern Gallery
of Major ES. L. Engleheart'a water-colour
sketches of Arab life in Biskra and the
Bun oanding count rj .
At the gallery of the Royal Society of
Painters in Water Colours oil painting* and
water-colours of England and Holland, by
Evert Moll, are now on view.
At Walker's Gallery till the 30th inst.
there is open an interesting show of water-
colours and pencil and charcoal sketches
by David Cox, Cotman, Varley, and others.
Mr. A. Baird-Carter is showing water-
colours by Mr. Archibald Thorburn at 70,
Jermyn Street.
Messrs. Knoedler & Co. have on view
at their galleries in Old Bond Street modern
Dutch paintings.
M. Fernand Desmoulin is showing oil
pictures at 223a, Regent Street, ' Impres-
sions de la Cote d'azur.'
We referred last week in our sale notes
to Eugene Carriere and the dispersal of his
remaining works. We now hear from Paris
that in October next a selection of his con-
tributions on art will be published under the
title of ' Reliquiae.' This work will be edited
by M. Devolve, professor at the Lycee
Turgot, and son-in-law of Carriere.
Mr. Wterner Laxtkie is shortly publishing
in his " Cathedral Series " the third volume
on England and Wrales by Mr. T. Francis
Bumpus. This volume completes the
British set. Mr. Bumpus is at present in
Italy, preparing a volume on Italian cathe-
drals for the series.
MUSIC
iJtnstral (Hossip.
On Friday last week Massenet's ' Le
Jongleur de Notre-Dame ' was performed
for the first time at Covent Garden. Since
its production at Monte Carlo in 1902 the
work has been given at the Paris Opera
Comique repeatedly, and one of those per-
formances was noticed at some length in
The Athenceum of February 18th, 1905.
There is therefore no need to say anything
now about the excellent text ; and we
only remark that a second hearing fully
confirms our first opinion that the music
displays rare skill, refinement, and simplicity.
The work was announced last week as an
" opera," whereas it is simply styled a
" Miracle " by the composer. The former
term is certainly misleading : it is a
music drama on a small scale, with a
quaint story and a solemn ending.
The performance was admirable. The
singing of M. Lafitte was occasionally
too penetrating, but his impersonation of
the Jongleur deserves all praise. M. Seveil-
hac and M. Gilibert were thoroughly well
suited in the parts of the Prior and Boniface.
The piece was well staged.
The programme of the final Philharmonic
Concert of the present season, which took
place on Thursday in last week, included
two novelties. Mr. Coleridge - Taylor's
' Orchestral Variations on a Negro Theme '
are clever, but the variation form requires
something more if its mechanical side is not
to be unduly felt, viz., strong inspiration ;
and tin- we do not find m the i Mr.
Josef Holbrooke's, setting of Edgar POe's
'Annabel Lee,' for bari'. i (Mr. Ketv
nerley Kumford) and orchestra i- an interest-
ing htudy in colour and even atmosphere,
but there are it v, hieh ill
suit the simple poem. M. Raoal Pogno, I
pianist, played the Raohmanmofl Concerto
in i minor witb marked success. The dates
of the concert! next year arc anno>r
follows: February -jsth, March 18th, April
17th, May 2nd, 16th, and Mth, and June i:nb.
Tmu.i: well-known pianists have given
recitals during the | I- - ' ^.itur-
day at Queens Hal! Mr. Mark Hambourg's-
reading of Bach's 'Italian' Concerto, a
the exception of the middle movement, ■
lacking in sympathy; but that of Beethovi
Sonata in c sharp minor was poetical. Tbo
special interest of the programme centred
in the Variations of Mr. Henjamin J. Dale,
which won the prize offered by Mr. Ham-
bourg for the best piece of a " virtuoso "
order. The music is clever, and the inter-
preter, by his great command of the key-
board, added to its natural lustre.
We heard the latter part of M. Vladimir
de Pachmann's programme at Bechstein
Hall on the same afternoon. He had just
finished playing Weber's ' Invitation a la
Valse,' arranged by Henselt, having pre-
viously explained to his audience why he
did not accept all Henselt's additions, " some
being not nice, others unnecessary.""
Instead of a criticism of a mere arrange-
ment, it would have been far more
interesting to know how the pianist could
justify the additions afterwards made by
him to Chopin's music. His playing, as
usual, was very fine.
Signor BrsoNi's programme on Monday-
afternoon began with Beethoven's Sonata
in b flat, Op. 106, of which he gave a masterly
rendering. The pace at which he took the
fugue was tremendous, but, though it was
wonderful playing, the pianist could not
prevent the Finale sounding dry. Two
transcriptions by Liszt of songs by Beet-
hoven, and of a march from the ' Ruins of
Athens,' proved poor and at times vulgar
specimens of Liszt as a transcriber, so that
all Signor Busoni's clever playing was wasted.
Why perform such stuff when there is so
much interesting pianoforte music unduly
neglected ?
Two performances of John Barnett's ' The
Mountain Sylph ' will be given by the students
of the Guildhall School of Music on July 4th
and 5th. This opera, which was for a long-
time popidar, was produced at the Lyceum
on August 25th, 1834, and in the notice in
The Athenceum oi August 30thit was described
as an opera " of English growth and English
manufacture, which may take its stand by
the proudest of modern foreign operas.""
Although seventy-two years have passed
since the work was first given, one member
of the original cast is still living : Clara
Novello, who, after a brilliant career, with-
drew from public life in 1860.
Our readers may like to know that Mr.
Nutt is the English acent for the 'Peasant
Songs of Great Russia,' noticed in our last
issue.
Dr. A. C. Kalisohkr. of Berlin, has
found forty-eiuht autograph letters of Beet-
hoven in the collection belonging to Herr
Karl Meinert, fourteen of which have
hitherto been unpublished. They have
appeared, by permission of the owner, in
a recent part of Die Muaik, and with
explanatory notes by Dr. Kalischer. Of
the fourteen, four are addressed to Breitkopf
& Hartel ; two to Herr Schlesinger ; one-
to Tobias Haslinger in the joking style of
N° 4104, June 23, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
775
the letter to the same in Nohl's ' Neue Beet-
hoven Briefe ' ; two to M. de Bigot, to
-whose wife Beethoven gave the autograph
of his so-called ' Appassionata ' Sonata ; one
to^Giannatasio del Rio, the principal of the
educational establishment in which Beethoven
placed his nephew, &c. All the letters are
■certainly interesting, though none can be
•considered of prime importance.
The five competitors for the Prix de Rome,
MM. Marsick, Andre Gaillard, Le Boucher,
Mazelier, and Dumas, have been released
from the Chateau de Compiegne, and their
cantatas will be performed before the musical
section of the Academie des Beaux-Arts
next Friday, and again on the following day
before a full sitting of that body, after winch
%he winner of the prize will be declared.
A monument has been erected at Paris,
in the Lamartine Square, Passy, to the
memory of Benjamin Godard, composer of
4 Le Tasse,' who died in 1895 at the early
age of forty-six.
Sire.
■Mon.
Wkd.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK
Bondaj League Concert, 7, Queen's Hull.
Sat. Royal Opera, Covent Garden.
London Symphony Orchestra, 3, Queen's Hall.
Mr. Ernest Hutcheson's Pianoforte Recital, 3.30, .-Eolian Hall.
Master Lionel Ovendcn's Orchestral Concert, 8, Queen's Hall.
Ties. Handel Festival, 'The Messiah,' 2, Crystal Palace.
— Herr Louis Ahbiate's 'Cello Recital, 3, .Kolian Hall.
— Prof. Hilf's Violin Recital, :;, Bechstein Hall.
— Miss Elsie Southgate's Orchestral Concert, 8, -Eolian Hall.
— Vienna Philharmonic Society, 8.30, Queen's Hall.
M. Maurel's Song Recital, 8.45, Bechstein Hall.
London Trio, 3, .Eolian Hall,
Madame Whistler Misick's Vocal Recital, 3, Bechstein Hall.
British Caiuidian Festival, 8, Queen s Hall.
— Sevc-ik Quartet, 8.30. Bechstein Hall.
Thurs. Handel Festival, Selections, 2, Crystal Palace.
— Mr. Cecil Sharp's Concert Lecture, 3, .Eolian Hall.
— Mr. Fritz Read's Pianoforte Recital, 3 15, Stcinway Hall.
— Madame Winna's Vocal Recital, 8.30, Bechstein Hall.
— Miss Marguerite Valentine's Concert, 8, Bechstein Hall.
— Vienna Philharmonic Society. 8.30, Queen's Hall.
Fki. Miss Vivien Chartres's Violin Recital, 3. Queen's Hall.
— Mr. .Tohn Coates's Song Recital, 3, Bechstein Hall.
— Mr. Henry Bramson's Cello Recital, 3.30, .Eolian Hall.
Sat. Vienna Philharmonic Society, 12, Albert Hall.
— Handel Festival. 'Judas Maccabmus,' 2 Crystal Palace.
— Dr. Ludwig Widlner's Song Recital, 3, Bechstein Hall.
DRAMA
THE WEEK.
Criterion. — The Macleans of Baimess :
a Romantic Play in Four Acts. By
Edith Lyttelton.
_A certain amount of dramatic intention
is all with which Mrs. Lyttelton's romantic
-play ' The Macleans of Bairness ' can be
credited. This is not wrought out, the
•execution of the whole being conventional,
•and to a certain extent inept, and the cha-
racterization arbitrary. The action passes
in the castle of Bairness, the home of a
Highland clan, the Macleans, the head of
■which, Sir Alan, is a Hanoverian, while
Ihe remainder, including his aunt
Miss Grisel Cochrane, is Jacobite, and
apparently, since a priest is retained on
the establishment, Catholic. An inmate
in the castle of mixed Scottish and Italian
blood is Margaretta Sinclair, a comely
woman with whom Sir Alan is in love.
An invalid on the point of death, he seeks
by a marriage with her to guarantee her
future. So ill is he that opposition to this
eminently altruistic desire will be fatal.
Reluctantly, then, since she has " a past,"
but moved thereto by Sir Alan's aunt, by
bis medical man (a Scottish Whig), and
by the Catholic priest, Margaretta consents
to his wishes, and the first act ends with
a marriage between her and the moribund
baronet. Being conceded thus his wishes,
Sir Alan, though strangely moved by the
refusal by his wife of nuptial privileges,
does not die, but attends to his duties as
head of his clan. These include, since
the period is that following the rout at
Culloden, the extension of hospitality to
Prince Charles Edward, a fugitive waiting
an opportunity to reach a French ship
" in the offing." This shelter he affords
at the request of his wife. Now the public
is aware that the partner in the past of
Margaretta, now Lady Maclean, is the
Prince. No sooner is he sheltered beneath
her friendly roof than he seeks to renew
his liaison with its mistress, and Sir Alan,
entering the room, witnesses a sufficiently
compromising struggle. In the course of
the banquet openly given to the intruder,
the Pretender, with his attendant Capt.
O'Flanagan, gets drunk upon whisky, and
succeeds by his indiscreet speech in further
compromising his hostess, who, to prevent
further revelations, upsets the table and
plunges the room in darkness. When
the lights are brought in the head of the
Jacobites is discovered, supine and un-
conscious, upon the floor. Another act is
required to secure the escape of the Prince
and to bring about a reconciliation between
the lady and her husband, who accepts,
with a serenity worthy of a husband of
Lafontaine, the statement that what he
has seen and heard is without significance.
There is, as has been said, idea in all
this, but the manner in which it is carried
out is singularly crude. The whole appareil
of priest, retainer, and the like is ineffective
and amateurish. Some attempt to supply
colour was perceptible in a Scottish Whig
doctor and a Highland courier who, in
language reminiscent of Campbell's Lochiel,
described the rout at Culloden. Mrs.
Patrick Campbell as Margaretta struggled
with the difficulties of an uncomfortable
part ; Mr. Frank Worthing was the accom-
modating and credulous husband ; and
Mr. Harcourt Williams the indiscreet and
bibulous Pretender. The whole was
received with a moderate amount of
favour by a perplexed and unconvinced
audience.
The Electra of Euripides. Translated into
English Rhyming Verse, with Explanatory
Notes, by Gilbert Murray, LL.D. (Allen.) —
If Mr. Murray's ' Electra ' is less attractive
than his ' Hippolytus,' his ' Bacchic,' or his
' Trojan Women,' as we think it is (we speak
only of it as a book to read, not of the play
as it lias been seen on the boards of the
Court Theatre), it is not from any failure of
skill on the part of the translator. The three
earlier plays, as we said at the time of their
appearance, touched, in our opinion, very
nearly the high-water mark of Greek poetry
in an English dress. The ' Electra ' does
not make quite the same impression on us ;
but then the 'Electra' is not in itself on a
level with the three others. Mr. Murray,
indeed, makes a strong plea for it in his
introduction. Sophocles, he says, evades
the full horror of the situation presented by
the legend, by treating it as the outcome of
an archaic code of morals, in which ven-
geance was a sacred duty. ^Eschylus faces
it in all its fullness, and tries to surmount it
on the sweep of a great wave of religious
emotion. Euripides, equally sensitive to the
horror, refuses to be satisfied with this
solution : to him the matricide remains
a sin, and if Apollo ordered it, then Apollo
did that which was evil. Further, Euripides
was mainly interested in the human side of
the tragedj% and tried to realize more vividly
the persons who enacted it. His Electra is
" a woman shattered in childhood by the
shock of an experience too terrible for a girl
to bear ; a poisoned and a haunted woman,
eating her heart in ceaseless broodings of
hate and love, alike unsatisfied " ; a pitiable
rather than a lovable character. Orestes is
an exile, with a fixed desire for revenge,
which is confirmed by the oracle of a god ;
yet he shrinks from the slaying of his mother,
and needs to be stiffened in his resolve by
his more pitiless and stronger sister.
All this may be admitted, and yet one
may remain dissatisfied with Euripides's
solution of the problem. If such a subject
is to be treated at all, not as a mere welter of
horrors, but as a drama in which the principal
actors preserve our sympathy, it can only
be by keeping it upon the heroic, legendary
scale, by heightening the wickedness of
Clytemnestra's original crime, the prompti-
tude of the vengeance, and the force of the
divine decree which declares that the evil
is so monstrous that even matricide has
become a duty. In ^Eschylus's trilogy we
feel that we are in the presence of a colossal
tragedy, transcending human experience,
and justifying action which on the purely
human plane would be unjustifiable. In
Sophocles we feel that we are looking at an
ancient world, in which the canon of per-
missible acts of punishment and vengeance
was different from that of a later day —
much as we look at certain narratives of the
Old Testament. But when Euripides brings
the story down to the human level, and tries
to present Clytemnestra and Electra as
women of like passions with those of his own
(or our own) day, the story becomes im-
possible. ^Egisthus is allowed to excite
our compassion ; he welcomes two strangers
hospitably, and is treacherously slain during
the performance of a religious ceremony.
Clytemnestra is " a sad middle-aged woman
.... anxious to be as little hated as possible ";
pleading with Electra for comprehension, if
not admission, of the grounds for her con-
spiracy against her husband, baring her
breast to the slaughter when her children
confront her, sword in hand. The story
may be humanized, the characters may be
real and individually intelligible ; but it
has become a story which should not be
told. Euripides has justified neither God
nor man ; he has attempted a solution in
which success was not attainable ; ho
reaches " above and through his art ; for it
gives way." Consequently his drama fails
to satisfy, as his greater tragedies satisfy us.
Mr. Murray's style is sufficiently well
known by now to need no description.
Possibly he is in danger of pushing too far
his practice of heightening the whole colour-
scheme (if the metaphor be allowed) of his
language. We do not retract anything that
we have said before in approbation of this
theory, which we believe to be the true
theory of translation, and capable, in the
hands of a poet (as Mr. Murray is), of
excellent results ; but we do not want
wholly to lose the effect of the Greek sim-
plicity and directness, to substitute too com-
pletely the highly coloured diction of Mr.
Swinburne and Kossetti. Mr. Murray appears
to us to be in some danger of this excess;
may it be in part due to an unconscious
attempt to justify his poet by strengthening
the weak points in his play ? Nevertheless,
the translation retains the supreme merit of
being real English poetry without ceasing
to be a fair rendering of the Greek ; and
776
THE ATHKNJEUM
N"41ol, Jink 23, 1906
OHM M 'him Mr. Murray ihowi In l.>
of the dramatic situation, ind his hciiif
that tin' pott's words must be interpreted
in tho light of that situatioM Mid of tin-
emotions which we most euppoee to be
Saasinu' through the mindt oi ins oharaeten.
lr. Murray is at onco scholar, poet, and
draiMntist — a combination which goes far
towards making the ideal translator of
Euripides.
We notice that in some places Mr. Murray
adopts readings different from those which
he has placed in his edition of the Greek
text of the play (e.g., 11. 878, 1)84. and the
attribution of 11. 1213-17). Are we to
conclude that in the one case the instinct of
the poet, in the other the conscience of the
scholar, was allowed to prevail ?
Dramatic (Sossip.
In London and in Paris the summer season
seems short and unprosperous, the reason
advanced in both capitals being the same —
the want of fibre in the pieces produced.
With the exception of the houses held by
foreign actors, scarcely a novelty is
announced in this country for immediate
production, and arrangements for the
autumnal season are in progress or in con-
templation at many houses.
At the close of her engagements in
this country Miss Ellen Terry will, under
the management of Mr. Charles Frohman,
undertake an American tour, in the course
of which she will appear in the plays in
which she has been recently seen in this
country and in one new one.
The* concluding nights of M. Coquelin's
tenure of the Royalty were occupied with
' Cyrano de Bergerac,' in which the actor
repeated his fine performance of Cyrano,
M. Jean Coquelin playing the pastrycook,
and Madame Devoyod, Roxane.
The season at the Royalty of Madame
Rejane began with her first appearance in
* Suzeraine,' a four-act play constructed by
Dario Nicodemi from a story by Henry
Harland, entitled ' The Lady Paramount.'
Few opportunities are furnished the actress
by a work the action of which is placed in an
imaginary island of the Adriatic.
At the Scala Theatre the Incorporated
Stage Society gave on Monday afternoon
two novelties. The more important of
these — if the use of such a term is justified
in the case of two works of remark-
able crudity — consisted of ' The Inspector-
General,' a farcical comedy by Gogol,
adapted by Mr. A. A. Sykes. This gives
some rather extravagant pictures of
Russian official life. ' The Invention of Dr.
Metzler ' is a gloomy study by Mr. John
Pollock, the heroine of which was played by
Miss Gertrude Kingston.
Mr. H. B. Irving has acquired the Ame-
rican and Canadian rights of the ' Paolo and
Francesca ' of Mr. Stephen Phillips, and
proposes to include the piece in his travelling
repertory.
' Tristram and Iseui/T,' by Mr. Comyns
Carr, will be the autumn production at the
Adelphi. In this piece, which conforms in
many respects with the ' Morte d'Arthur,'
Miss Lily Brayton will be Iseult and Mr.
Oscar Asche, King Mark.
At the close of Mrs. Patrick Campbell's
season the Criterion will pass into the hands
of Mr. A. H. Canby, who will produce ' The
Prince Chap,' a three-act comedy extracted
by Mr. E. H. Peple from his book of the same
title.
\ 'i m i in I 'a bora! I'J..
■ ■I A Midsummer Nights Dream, ' ' Thi
1 1 1 1 1 1 •< ,t ,' end ' The Merry W'i\ < m oi Windsor,'
begins on Monday, under the direction of
Mi. Patrick KiiwHM, at the Roys] Botanic
Society's Gardens.
Mb. .Jons Lam: has arranged to issue a
scries of hooks dealing with well-known
actors, actresses, and dramatists, similar in
scope to the successful " Living Masters of
Music." The new series will he entitled
" Stars of the Stage," and will he under the
editorship of Mr. J. T. Grain,
MISCELLANEA
" CAIN " AS A SYNONYM OF THE
MOON.
Fiveways, IJurnham, Bucks.
In a rare seventeenth-century booklet,
entitled ' The Strange Fortune of Alerane ;
or, My Ladies Toy ' (London, 1605), which
has recently passed through my hands,
occur the following lines, in which " Cain "
appears to be used as a synonym of the moon.
The author is speaking of two hapless lovers
the course of whose true love was not running
smooth : —
But see how Cupid like a cruell (t'aine)
Both change faire daies and makes it frowning weather :
These Princes .joyes, he over cast with paine,
For 'twas not likely they should match together.
To readers of the ' Divina Commedia ' the
connexion of Cain with the moon is familiar
enough, for Dante twice refers to it — once
in the twentieth canto of the ' Inferno,'
where he speaks of the moon as " Caino e le
spine " ; and again in the second canto of
the ' Paradiso,' where, in a discussion as to
the origin of the spots on the moon, he says
they make folks on earth talk fables about
Cain. The Italian popular belief identified
the " man in the moon " with Cain bearing a
bundle of thorns (see my ' Dante Dictionary'
s.v. ' Caino '). A somewhat similar belief,
though not apparently connected with Cain,
was current in England ; witness Henry-
son's " Churl. . . .beirand ane bunch of
thornis on his bak " in the ' Testament of
Cresseid,' and Shakspeare's " man in the
moon " with his " thorn bush " in ' The
Tempest' (II. ii.) and 'Midsummer Night's
Dream ' (III. i., V. i.) ; but I know of no
other instance in English literature in wrhich
the " man in the moon " (or rather, the moon
itself) is identified with Cain, as appears to be
the case in the above passage. Possibly
there may be some other interpretation of
the expression, but so far I have had no
suggestion. Paget Toynbee.
M.-
-J.
TO CORRESPONDENTS. -
-W. ,T.-
-K. de
H. R.—
H. S.— Received. J.
.1. C. L
— You
vsk t
00
much.
INDEX TO
ADVERTISERS
Pu.>
Akkowsmith
.. 77S
Authors' Agents
. . 7al
Bki.i. <fc Sons
77,;
Catalogues
. . 7.-1
(11 kTTO A WlMH s
. . 780
OOHSTARLB & CO.
. . 752
Bent A Co.
.. 770
Bducationai
.. 749
Exhibitions
.. 749
Hukst A Bi.ackett ..
. . 7:>4
M UM1I.1.AN A CO.
.7
M and 777
Miscellaneous..
.. 750
Nash
.. 779
Newspaper Agents .
no
Sales m auction
.. 751
Boon Publishing Co.
.. 778
Situations Vacant
. . 749
Situations Wanted . .
.. 750
Stock
.. 779
Typewriters, Ac.
.. 750
Unwi.n
. . 754
Warns a sons ..
. . 753
Williams A Nokoate
.. 751
MESSRS. BELL S
LIST.
• *tnt pott free on application.
DEDICATED BY SPECIAL PERMISSION TO
H.M. KING EDWARD YII.
V.-l.s. I. - VI. NOW READY.
Vol. VII. l\ l UK PRBE
To ix oonpfetod m Eight Vofau
4to, 42". JK.T vol. net.
(Suhscriptions will be taken for oompL dy.)
THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARTS.
A Complete DicttoDary of Contributors and
their Work from its Foundation in 17'
1!M»4. By ALGERNON GRAVES, F.8.A.
"In spite of the rapidity of issue, there i* no trace of
'■camping,' editorial or typographical, w> that this 'Com-
plete Dictionary' will remain an enduring monument, not
only of the editor'* sustained industry, hut also of the
teaomCM and good taste of the Chiswfek Press."
A Oienceum.
Demy Svo, with 82 Illustrations, S*\ U. net.
TURBINES. By W. H. Stuart
GARXETT.
The author of this work spent considerable time at Messrs.
Parsons' BngJoeerine Works, and gives in this hook a full
account of the well-known "Parsons" Turbine.
Fcap. 8vo, 6\*.
A HANDBOOK TO SHAKESPEARE
By MORTON LUCE, Author of 'A Hand-
hook to Tenin'son,' &c.
This ' Handbook to Shakespeare ' offers in one volume the
critical and explanatory helps that must otherwise be s ought
in many books.
" No literary antiquary, no student of letters and the
drama — in short, no readerand lover of Shakespeare should
fail to possess himself of a volume which, once acquired.
will be constantly helpful."— Liverpool Courier.
Fcap. Svo, 2*. M. net.
A BROWNING TREASURE BOOK.
Being Extracts from Browning, Selected and
Arranged by A. M. YVARBURTOX.
Crown Svo, la U.
A FRENCH HISTORICAL READER
Being short Passages giving Episodes from
French History arranged as a First Reader.
With Illustrations, brief Xotes, and a
Vocabulary. By R. N. ADAIR. M.A.Oxon,
Assistant Master at St. Paul's Preparatory
School.
Roval 4to, 2/. 2* net.
DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE IN
ENGLAND IX THE SEVENTEENTH ANT>
EIGHTEENTH CEXTURIES. A Selection
of Examples of Smaller Buildings, Measured,
Drawn, and Photographed. With Introduc-
tion and Notes. Bv HORACE FIELD and
MICHAEL BUNNEY.
"The authors have measured, drawn, and photographed
houses over a wide area of the country, and have added
notes to assist the eye. The book should be rateable to
architects, and to all" who are interested in our domestic
architecture." — Athemmm.
"THE BEST LIFE OF NAPOLEOX. "— Timssl.
LIFE OF NAPOLEON I. By J.
HOLLAXD ROSE, Litt.D., late Scholar of
Christ's College, Cambridge. Largely Com-
piled from Jsew Materials taken from the
British Official Records. With numerous
Illustrations, Maps, and Plans. In 2 vols.
large post 8vo, THIRD EDITION, 1&). net.
Also a CHEAPER EDITION, without the Illus-
trations. 2 vols. lOv. net.
"There is no single book on Napoleon, either in Knglish or
French, to be compared to this for accuracy, for information,
for judgment, nor is there any that is better reading.''
Manchester Guardian.
London : GEORGE BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.Cl
N°4104, June 23, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
777
MACMILLAN & CO^BO^^ READING.
THE CAMBRIDGE NATURAL HISTORY.
EDITED BY S. F. HAMMER, Sc.D. F.R.S., and A. E. SHIPLEY,
TO BE COMPLETED IN TEN VOLUMES, 8vo, PRICE 17s. NET EACH.
M.A. F.R.S.
WORMS, LEECHES, &c.
VOLUME II.
FLATWORMS. By F. W. Gamble, M.Sc. NEMERTINES. By Miss L. Sheldon.
THREADWORMS, &c. By A. E. Shipley, M.A. F.R.S. ROTIFERS. By Marcus
HARTOO, M.A. POLYCHAET WORMS. By W. Blaxland Benham, D.Sc-
EARTHWORMS AND LEECHES. By F. E. Beddard, M.A. F.R.S. GEPHYREA,
&c. By A. E. Shipley, M.A. F.R.S. POLYZOA. By S. F. Harmer, Sc.D. F.R.S.
SHELLS.
VOLUME III.
MOLLUSCS AND BRACHIOPODS. By the Rev. A. H. COOKE, A. E. SHIPLEY, M.A.
F.R. S., and F. R. C. Reed, M.A.
INSECTS AND CENTIPEDES.
VOLUME V.
PERIPATUS. By Adam Sedgwick, M.A. F.R.S. MYRIAPODS. By F. G. Sinclair,
M.A. INSECTS. Parti. By David Sharp, M.A. F.R.S.
INSECTS. PART II.
VOLUME VI.
HYMENOPTERA continued (Tubulifera and Aculeata), COLEOPTERA, STREPSI-
PTERA, LEPIDOPTERA, DIPTERA, APHANIPTERA, THYSANOPTERA,.
HEMIPTERA, ANOPLURA. By David Sharp, M.A. F.RS.
FISHES, &c.
VOLUME VII.
FISHES (exclusive of the Systematic Account of Teleostei). By T. W. Bridge, Sc.D.
FRS. FISHES (Systematic Account of Teleostei). By G. A. Boui.eno.er, F.R.S.
HEMICHORDATA. By S. F. Hakmek, Sc.D. F.R.S. ASCIDIANS AND'
AMPHIOXUS. By W. A. Herdman, D.Sc. F.RS.
AMPHIBIA AND REPTILES.
VOLUME VIII.
By Hans Gadow, M.A. F.R.S.
BIRDS.
VOLUME IX.
By A. H. Evans, M.A. With numerous Illustrations by G. E. Lodge.
MAMMALIA.
VOLUME X.
By Frank Evers Beddard, M.A.Oxon, F.R.S., Vice-Secretary and Prosector of the
Zoological Society of London.
*»* Volume I., dealing with PROTOZOA (including Sea Anemones, Jelly Fish, Star Fish, &c), will be ready shortly, and Volume IV., dealing with SPIDERS, SCORPIONS, aneF
CRUSTACEA, is in the press.
MACMILLAN'S HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS SERIES.
Profusely Illustrated. Extra crown 8vo, gilt tops, flat backs, in uniform binding, 6s. per volume.
NEW VOLUME READY NEXT FRIDAY.
DORSET. By Sir Frederick Treves. Illustrated by Joseph Pennell.
HERTFORDSHIRE. By H. W. Tompkins.
Illustrated by FREDERICK L. GRIGGS.
OXFORD AND THE COTSWOLDS. By
HERBERT A. EVANS. With Illustrations by
FREDERICK L. GRIGGS.
DERBYSHIRE. By J. B. Firth. Illustrated
by NELLIE ERICHSEN.
SUSSEX. By E. V. Lucas. Illustrated by
FREDERICK L. GRIGGS.
SOUTH WALES. By A. G. Bradley. Illus-
trated by FREDERICK L. GRIGGS.
NORTH WALES. By A. G. Bradley. Illus-
trated by JOSEPH PENNELL and HUGH THOMSON.
THE LAKE DISTRICT. By A. G. Bradley.
With Illustrations by JOSEPH PENNELL.
EAST ANGLIA. By William A. Dutt. With
Illustrations by JOSEPH PENNELL.
NORMANDY. By Percy Dearmer, M.A.
Illustrated by JOSEPH PENNELL.
YORKSHIRE. By Arthur H. Norway. Illus-
trations by JOSEPH PENNELL and HUGH THOM-
SON.
DEVON AND CORNWALL. By Arthur H.
NORWAY. Illustrated by JOSEPH PENNELL and
HUGH THOMSON.
LONDON. By Mrs. E. T. Cook. Illustrated
by HUGH THOMSON and FREDERICK L. GRIGGS.
DONEGAL AND ANTRIM. By Stephen
GWYNN. Illustrations by HUGH THOMSON.
MR. HISSEY'8
AN OLD-FASHIONED JOURNEY IN ENGLAND AND WALES.
With Frontispiece. Demy 8vo, 12s.
ON SOUTHERN ENGLISH ROADS. With Illustrations. Demy
8vo, 16*.
ROAD BOOKS.
THROUGH TEN ENGLISH COUNTIES. With Illustrations. Demy
8vo, 16s.
OVER FEN AND WOLD. With 14 Full-Page (and some smaller)
Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 16*.
ELIZABETH AND HER GERMAN GARDEN. Extra crown 8vo.
With Coloured Illustrations by S. HARMON YEDDER. 7s. Gd. net. Illustrated
Edition, white buckram, gilt edges, 8s. 6rf. net. Ordinary Edition, 6s.
THE SOLITARY SUMMER. By the Author of ' Elizabeth and Her
German Garden.' Extra crown 8vo. Illustrated Edition, white buckram, gilt edges,
8s. Gd. net. Ordinary Edition, 6s.
THE BOOK OF THE ROSE. By the Rev. A. Foster-Melliar, M.A.
Illustrated. Third Edition. Crown 8vo, 6*.
NOTES ON THE LIFE-HISTORY OF BRITISH FLOWERING
PLANTS. By the Right Hon. LORD AVEBURY, P.C. D.C.L. LL.D., Ac. Illus-
trated. 8vo, 15s. net.
THE SCENERY OF ENGLAND, AND THE CAUSES TO WHICH
IT IS DUE. By the Riant Hon. LORD AVEBURY, D.C.L. LL.D. With numerous
Illustrations. Third Edition. Crown 8vo, Gs.
THE SCENERY OF SWITZERLAND AND THE CAUSES TO
WHICH IT IS DUE. By the Right Hon. LORD AVEBURY, P.C, Ac. Fourth
Edition. Illustrated. Crown 8vn, 6*.
THE BEAUTIES OF NATURE. By Lord Avebury. Crown 8vo,
lobe 8TO, Edition without Illustrations, cloth, Is. (!</.; paper, Is.
NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF SELBORNE. By
GILBERT WHITE. With Notes by FRANK BUCKLAND, a Chapter OH
Antiquities by LORD SELBORNE, and New Letters. Illustrated. Crown 8v<>, St,
NATURAL HISTORY OF SELBORNE. By Gilbert White. 8vo,
:'.>. Cxi. net. " Library of English Classics."
LIFE AND HER CHILDREN. Glimpses of Animal Life from the
Amoeba to the Insects. By ARABELLA B. BUCKLEY. With upwards of 100
Illustrations. Eighteenth Thousand. Crown 8vo, S*.
WINNERS IN LIFE'S RACE ; or, the Great Backboned Family.
By ARABELLA i:. BUCKLEY. With numerous Wnstratioaa. Seventh Thousand.
Crown Svo, C*.
By Arabella B. Buckley.
MORAL TEACHINGS OF SCIENCE.
Crown 8vo, 3s.
FORTY YEARS IN A MOORLAND PARISH Reminiscences and
Researches in Danby-in-Cleveland. By Canon ATKINSON. Extra crown 8vo,
5*. net. Illustrated Edition, 12*. net.
A HANDBOOK OF BRITISH INLAND BIRDS. By Anthony
COLLETT. With Coloured and Outline Plates of Eggs by ERIC PARKER.
Crown 8vo, 6s.
TALES OF THE BIRDS. By W. Warde Fowler, M.A. Illustrated.
Crown 8vo, 3s. Gil. ; Prize Editions, 2s. Gd. ; extra gilt, 3s. Gd.
MORE TALES OF THE BIRDS. By W. Warde Fowler. Illus-
trated. Crown 8vo, 8*. Gd.
A YEAR WITH THE BIRDS. By W. Warde Fowler, M.A. With
Illustrations by BRYAN HOOK. Third Edition, Enlarged. Crown 8vo, 3s. Gd.
Prize Editions, •_>*. 6<f. and 3s. 6(/.
SUMMER STUDIES OF BIRDS AND BOOKS.
FOWLER, M.A. Crown 8vo, 3s. 6d.
ROUND THE YEAR. A Series of Short Nature Studies.
L. C. MIALL, F.R.S. With Illustrations. Globe Svo, 3*. 6<7.
INSECT LIFE: Souvenirs of a Naturalist. By J.-H. Fabre.
Translated from the French by the Author of ' Mademoiselle Mori.' With a Preface
by DAVID SHARP, M.A. F.R.S. Illustrated by M. 1'RENDERGAST PARKER.
Crown 8vo, 6s. Prize Edition, is. V«l.
CURIOSITIES OF NATURAL HISTORY. By Frank Buckland.
Popular Edition, with a few Illustrations. Each Series separately, in crown Svo,
it. C»l., extra gilt, &$. 6</., as follows: FIRST SERIES: Rats. Serpents, Fishes,
Frogs, Monkevs, ivc. SECOND SERIES: Fossils, Bears, Wolres, Cats, Eagles,
Hedgehogs, Eels, Herrings, Whales. THIRD SERIES : Wild Pinks, Fishing, Lions,
Tigers, Foxes, Porpoises. FOURTH SERIES: Giants, Mommies, Mermaids,
Wonderful People, Salmon, <frc.
By W. Warde
By Prof.
MACMILLAN &
STORIES FROM NATURAL HISTORY. By Richard Wagner.
Translated from the German by G. 8. Illustrated. Globe Svo, Is. 6</.
LESSONS ON COUNTRY LIFE. By H. B. M. Buchanan and
R. R. C. GREGORY. Illustrated. Globe Svo, 3s. 6<f.
Bnlh the following Voliunfn contain nMMft. practical information on Sport and
Natvral Ifistoiy.
Crown Svo, 2s. 6rf. each ; cloth clegaut, gilt edges, 3s. Gd. e.ieh.
WALKS, TALKS, TRAVELS, AND EXPLOITS OF TWO SCH00L-
BOYS. By Canon ATKINSON.
PLAYHOURS AND HALF-HOLIDAYS; or. Further Experiences of
Two Schoolboys. By Canon ATKINSON.
CO., Ltd., London.
778
THE ATHEN^UM
N°4104, Junk 23, 1906
A HIM IX TIME.
N ■ .ii have laughed over 'The
Lunatic at Large': lmvc you
laughed over 'Count Hunker'?
No J Then you have not read
it? It in the molt amusing
novel published this summer.
Get it at anoa from your
bookseller.
£J 0 U N T BUNKER.
1 1
J. STOKER CLOUSTON,
Author of ' The Lunatic at Large.'
6a.
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS,
Edinburgh and London.
N 0 T I C E.
Mr.
WARWICK DEE PING'S New Novel,
BESS OF THE WOODS,
is NOW BEADY. 6s. It is a story of
the English Southern Counties in the last
century. The romance concerns Squire
Jeffray and the chequered course of his
locefor the unconventional Bess.
HARPKR & BROTHERS, 45, Albemarle Street, W.
NOW READY, price 5*. net.
MR. W. DALTONS NEW BOOK.
"SATURDAY" BRIDGE.
Contents.
THE LAWS OF BRIDGE.
THE EVOLUTION OF BRIDGE.
THE DECLARATION-NO TRUMPS.
ATTACKING SUIT DECLARATIONS.
DEFENSIVE SUIT DECLARATIONS BY THE DEALER.
THE DECLARATION ON A PASSED HAND.
THE DECLARATION TO THE SCORE.
DOUBLING.
THE ORIGINAL LEAD AGAINST A NO TRUMP DECLA-
RATION.
THE OPENING LEAD AGAINST A SUIT DECLARATION.
THE PLAY OF THE THIRD HAND IN A NO THUMP
GAME.
THE PLAT OF THE THIRD HAND AGAINST A SUIT
DECLARATION.
THE DEFENDERS PLAY AS SECOND HAND.
THE DISCARD.
THE PLAY OF THE DEALER.
PRACTICE VERSUS THEORY.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BRTDQE
London :
THE WEST STRAND PUBLISHING CO., Ltd.,
88, Southampton street, strand, W.c.
THE BUILDER (founded 1842), Catherine
Street. London, W.c. June 2:. oontaini :—
THE SIX PRE.MIATEI) DESIGNS POB THE PEACE PALACE
AT THE HAGUE: Architecture at the Royal Academy (III.): I'm
poaed National Collection of Drawing! of Architecture: Students'
hrawiiiKH M (lie Architectural Anoclation; Experimental Science
end the Boil. linn Trade*; Aaaociation ol Municipal and County
Engineers: Mathematical Data tor Architects [Student'! Column);
National Provincial Bank, Gnat Yarmouth, Ac — From Office ai
•lute |4d. ; by post, (]d.) ; or through any Newsagent.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF
THE RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE.
OTES and QUERIES
for DECEMBER in andM, 18B8, lad JANUARY 7 im.l 21. l«'.u,
CONTAINS A BIBLIOGRAPHY OP MR. GLADSTONE.
Price of the Four Numbers, 1*. id. ; or free by i»et, In. Get.
JOHN (' FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS,
A'o<«« ami <Jiterk» Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
N
J. W. ARROWSMITH'S NEW BOOKS.
NEW BOOK
FROM A
1 1
"Q.
CORNISH
WINDOW.
Daily Telegraph. — "There is good, sound criticism, a practised literary
t''iuh,a keen sense of humour, and here and there a note of genuine, unfo.
pathos." Tribune. — "A book to linger over and to love." Manchester
Guardian.— " All this pleasant, cultivated material is informed with chara<ur
and conviction." Academy. — "A brave, amusing, varied, and stimulating
book." Morning Leader. — "There is an exquisite literary finish about the
whole book."' Dundee Courier. — "Nothing better could be taken among
holiday literature."
Birmingham Daily
Pott. — "Mr. Pierce's
story is as simple as a
Greek idyll, and as
refined in language and
sentiment. The reader
of taste and discern-
ment will find it entirely
delightful Not even
the song of Pippa her-
self is so potent to bring
to the spirit the divine
peace that is in the
sunshine of early sum-
mer."
Crown 8vo, 296 pp.
THE
TRAVELLER'S
JOY.
Spectator. — " The book is
as fresh and wholesome as a
spring morning."
By E. F. PIERCE. 3S. 6d.
Crown 8vo,
368 pp.
6s.
A YOLUME OF
E8SAY8,
CRITICISM8,
AND YERSE.
Duiid" Courier. — "We
want more books of this
kind in our literature."
if- '. r% Daily Pre**.
— "A more delightful
love story cannot well
be imagined."
Morning Leader. —
"This book contains a
most pleasing idyll
Mr. Pierce's touch is
admirably light, and we
have seldom found the
atmosphere of an English
summer more exquisitely
conveyed."
Punch. — "For downright pleasantness — a fresh, simple charm and youthful enthusiasm — I recom-
mend ' The Traveller's Joy,' by Ernest Frederic Pierce. Never has Mr. Arrow smith's Bymbol of a small
Cupid forging the heads of his deadly missiles, which is placed on the title-page of all the books issued
from the Bristol Press, appeared with more appropriateness ; for ' The Traveller's Joy ' is a love story
in the old-fashioned sense of the term, and I have never read a better. One is in the happiest company
all the time — as one should be in an inn so named. May it be mine some day to find a shelter there too,
and some of Mr. Pierce's pretty people under the same roof ! "
SIXTY YEARS OF JOURNALISM. 3s. 6d.
Anecdotes and Reminiscences.
Crown 8vo, 304 pp.
Bristol : J. W. ARROWSMITH.
By H. FINDLATER BUSSEY.
London : SIMPKIN & MARSHALL.
CAIN'S WIFE. A Novel.
By BERNARD CECIL BLAKE. 6c.
The EVENING NEWS of June 18 Baya:—
" Remarkable novel. It is no small achievement nowadays to strike out a new path. Mr.
Blake has handled a difficult subject in a masterly fashion. From the consequence of his choice of a
subject Mr. Blake has never flinched. He is not Zolaesque, but there are certain vivid passages in the
book that would make us hesitate long indeed before placing it in the hands of a boarding-school miss.
' Cain's Wife,' which deals with men and women, is written for men and women. ' Cain's Wife,' a
notable achievement in itself, is full of rich promise."
WALTER SCOTT PUBLISHING CO., Ltd.
F
"pASE IN WRITING
is assured if you are the fortunate owner of a
"SWAN" Fountain Pen. You an then no longer
at the mercy of a scratchy nib, a dirty Ink-pot, or
any of those many inconveniences that the old style
of writing involves. You have a pen that will
assist the
LOW OF THOUGHT
because it is always ready for use, because it runs
smoothly and easily over the paper, and does not
fail. You ean make a friend of your " SWAN," and
as a companion it possesses few equals.
Prices (in 3 sizes) : 10s. 6d.,16s. 6d.,and 25s. up to £20.
Sold by Stationers and Jewellers.
Write for Catalogue with Platans of " swans."
TVTABIE, TODD & BARD,
He.ad Office— 79 and 80, II Kill HOLBORN, W.C.
Branches
(93, Cheapside, V..V.
I 96a, Regent street, w.
| 8, Exchange Street, Manchester.
1,87,
Avenue de ("Opera, Paris.
Brussels, New York, and Chicago.
N
ORWICH UNION FIRE OFFICE.
Founded i
UTAH OFFICE: NORWICH.
( HIF.F • 1.01
lohdon ornora I - ,w irim imii— » na m* m n
Claims Paid £19,930,000
Application! for Agencies Invitad.
For Acidity of the stomach.
For Heartburn and Headache.
For Gout and Indigestion.
D
INNEFORD'S
M
A G N E S I A.
For Sour Eructations and Bilious Affections.
A Safe and most effective Aperient for
regular use.
N°4104, June 23, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
779
NEW AND RECENT
TOPOGRAPHICAL WORKS
PUBLISHED BY ELLIOT STOCK.
Crown 4to, suitably bound, and embellished by many
Illustrations of the Locality, 15s. net.
NOTES ON THE EARLIER
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF BARTON - ON -
HUMBER. By ROBERT BROWN, F.S.A. Illus-
trated by Views, Plans, and Maps.
"It would be extremely difficult to speak too highly of
this most interesting and valuable work from the pen of
Mr. Robert Brown, F.S.A., of Barton."
Eastern Morning Neics.
A BOOK RARITY. FOR ANTIQUARIES AND
COLLECTORS.
Bound in cloth, gilt lettered, price 2s. 6d.
WENHASTON AND BUL-
CAMP (SUFFOLK) CURIOUS PARISH RECORDS.
With Description and Illustration of ' THE WEN-
HASTON DOOM,' the famous Painting of the Last
Judgment in Wenhaston Church, and a full Glossary of
East Anglian Words and Phrases. By the Rev. J. B.
CLARE, Vicar of Wenhaston.
"A monument of useful work; contains an exceptional
quantity of odd and curious information about the church
and parish." — Guardian.
CHEAP RE-ISSUE, in large crown 8vo, cloth, price 3s. M.
net.
A HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE-
SHIRE. By Rev. EDWARD CONYBEARE, M.A.
" Full of information, well weighed, arranged, and
sifted, and put in such a way as to be readable as well as
learned. An admirable specimen of what a county history
which is meant for the general reader as well as for the
antiquary ought to be." — Guardian.
"Mr. Conybeare is to be congratulated on having pro-
duced a volume which is at once thorough and readable."
Daily Graphic.
In demy Svo, appropriately bound, price 10s. 6rf. net.
THE CITY OF YORK: the Story
of its Walls, Bars, and Castles, being a Complete His-
tory and Pictorial Record of the Defences of the City,
from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. By T. P.
COOPER, Author of 'The Old Inns and Signs of York.'
"Mr. T. P. Cooper, who is known in Yorkshire as the
author of a careful book on the city inns and signs, has dis-
covered a good deal of new and entertaining matter ; his
work is sure to be appreciated." — Saturday Review.
In demy 8vo, handsomely bound in gilt-lettered cloth, and
illustrated, price 7s. 6d.
EWENNY PRIORY, MONAS-
TERY, AND FORTRESS. By Col. J. P. TURBER-
VILL.
"This little book is one of the best examples we have
ever seen of antiquarian work." — Guardian.
A NEW WORK ON THE CASTLES OF IRELAND.
In handsome demy 8vo, printed in tasteful manner, suitably
bound and fully illustrated, price 10«. 6d. net.
THE ANCIENT CASTLES OF
IRELAND. ByC. L. ADAMS.
"To piece together, with the aid of the scattered ruins
with which the length and breadth of Ireland is strewn, a
history of the castles those ruins represent must indeed
have been a difficult task ; but that it has been successfully
performed by Mr. Adams no one will deny." — Academy.
CHEAP EDITION OF THE HISTORY OF
BERMONDSEY. Price 6s. net
BERMONDSEY: its Historic
Memories and Associations. With a Chapter on Ber-
mondsey in Modern Times. By E. T. CLARK K.
"A well-produced and interesting book." — Daily Aims.
"Mr. Edward T.Clarke makes very considerable claims
mi behalf of the district he has so ably described. The
work has very many illustrations and plans, which render
it all the more interesting."— Daffy Graphic
In demy 8to, handsomely bound and illustrated, price 6s. net.
BYGONE LONDON LIFE:
Pictures from a Vanished Past. By O. L. APPKRSON,
I.S.O., Author of 'An Idler's Calendar.' With many
Illustrations.
"The book is fascinating from the first page to the last.
The antiquarian, DO leal than the general reader, will tind it
all that he could desire." — Sun/lay Sun.
"A Wliea <>f sketches and portraits which will afford
genuine instruction to the student of London."
Daily Graphic.
In crown 8vo, cloth, with Illustrations, 2s. 6d. net.
STUDHAM: the Story of a
Secluded Parish, from the Reign of Edward the Con-
ii to the Present Time. By J. K. BROWN. Vic ir.
" We are much obliged to Mr. Brown for his book."
Spectator.
"Shows that the history of the most sequestered parish
may l>e made interesting." — Church Timrs.
"IT is TIIK VERY MODEL OF A (,'OIM v
HISTORY."— Church Timet.
MR. EVELEIGH NASH'S
LIST.
"HATS OFF TO 'RAFFLES.'"
Daily Telegraph.
READY THIS DAY.
Price 6s.
RAFFLES
RAFFLES
RAFFLES,
The Amateur Cracksman.
By E. W. HORNUNG.
By E. W. HORNUNG.
By E. W. HORNUNG.
N.B. — 'Raffles, the Amateur Cracksman,' now
being played at the Comedy Theatre, is the
dramatized version of this book, and is the
great theatrical success of the London
season.
IMPORTANT BOOK ON RUSSIA.
NOW READY, price 7s. M.
THE NEW RUSSIA.
By LIONEL DECLE.
NEW BOOK BY LEONARD MERRICK.
NOW READY, price 6s.
WHISPERS ABOUT WOMEN.
By LEONARD MERRICK,
Author of ' The Man Who Was Good,' &c.
A FINE ROMANCE WHICH ALL ENGLAND
IS READING.
NOW READY, price 6s.
THE GREY DOMINO.
By Mrs. PHILIP CHAMPION DE CRESPIGNY,
Author of ' The Rose Brocade,' &c.
ENTHRALLING NEW STORY BY THE
AUTHOR OF 'THE ROME EXPRESS.'
NOW READY, price 6s.
THE HOUSE IN SPRING
GARDENS.
By Major ARTHUR GRIFFITHS,
Author of ' The Passenger from Calais,' &c.
ELLIOT STOCK, 02, PATKKNOSTKR KOW, LONDON.
A GREAT SUCCESS.
NOW READY, price 3s. 6d. net.
IN THE DAYS OF THE
DANDIES.
By ALEXANDER, LORD LAMINGTON.
Introduction by Sir HERBERT MAXWELL, Bart.
TIMES. — " We have seldom laid aside a book
with more regret than this, for good gossip is so
rare, and this is gossip of the best."
POPULAR SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
BARDELEYS THE MAGNIFICENT
By Rafael Sabatini.
SONS OF THE MILESIANS.
By the COUHTBBS of Ckomaktik.
THE LAPSE OF VIVIEN EADY.
By Charlks Makkiott.
THE BLUE PETER.
By Morlkv Roberts.
London : EVELEIGH NASH, 32, Bedford i treat
J. M. DENT & CO.'S NEW BOOKS.
Actual experiences of a trained observer who
went specially to Canada to study the Colony
as a field for emigration. With several valuable
and interesting chapters on Canadian Thought.
CANADA
THE NEW
NATION.
By H. R. Whates. Bound in cloth, 3s. 6d. net.
The Standard says : — " The outcome of
deliberate and thoughtful preparation. Will
amply repay the perusal of all who have the
slightest interest in the destiny of the British
people. We have no hesitation in commending
it to the serious attention of our readers. Mr.
Whates deserves high praise for his work."
A record of a tour undertaken in the summer
of 1905, fully illustrated in colours from water-
colour drawings, and containing, in addition, much .
information regarding the province generally.
PICTURESQUE
BRITTANY.
By Mrs. Arthur G. Bell. 10$. 6d. net.
The Athenoiiim says: — "Mrs. Bell reveals in
the arrangement and proportion of her book the -
skill of a practised writer We think the draw-
ings better than those of any other colour book on
Brittany yet issued A harmonious and success-
ful account of an interesting summer holiday,
which might easily be followed by train."
Please write for a Prospectus of this book.
A book that carries one swiftly through twenty-six
years of exciting sport and real adventure in India.
RECOLLECTIONS OF A
TIGER AND BISON HUNTER.
By "Felix." Bound in cloth, 3s. M. net.
The Daily Mail says: — "Happy the man
who can write with such verve and frankness a
series of excellent stories of the grand 'shikar.'"
The Scotsman says : — "This lively and well-
written book of narratives should find favoui
also with readers who liko to enjoy an
adventure without leaving their own firesides."
A series of essays discussing the temperaments
of various writers — the Moralist, the Scientist,
the Poet, the Novelist, and the Vagabond.
PERSONAL FORCES IN
MODERN LITERATURE.
By Arthur Rickett. Cloth, 3s. 6d. net.
The Tribune says : — " It is delightful to come
across a book so careful, so enlightened, so full of
fresh comments as this book by Mr. Rickett."
The Scotsman says : — "Cultured and intel-
lectual studies of writers of perennial interest."
A translation, by Baroness G. von Hugel, of a book
dealing with the life and work of one of the most
worthy and most popular of the Franciscans.
ST. BERNARDINE
OF SIENA.
By P. Thureau-Dangin. Cloth, 8ft M. net.
The Scotsman says: — "A rendering into smooth
and graceful English of a work whieh skilfulh
digests tho recognized authorities so as to paint
a graphic picture of the time and environ-
ment of the chief of the preaehing friars."
J. M. DENT & CO. 29, Bedford Street, W.G
780
THE ATHENAEUM
N°4104, June 23, 1906
CHATTO &_WNDya^UBLISHERS.
NEW SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
NEW NOYEL BY THE AUTHOR OF ' THE GUN-RUNNER.'
HARLEY GREENOAKS
CHARGE.
Bv BERTRAM MITFORD.
THE FERRY OF FATE:
A Tale of Russian Jewry.
By SAMUEL GORDON.
" His portrait oj Alma Koratoff is not altogether unworthy
of Tourguenieff. The slow but unswerving process of spiritual
"An unadulterated and altogether delightful volume of i development by which an empty-headed girl becomes a noble
adventure ."—Morning Leader. woman, is described with such steady restraint and invariable
certainty that the woman lives as we read of her." — Athe.veim.
THE LOST EARL OF ELLAN.
By Mrs. CAMPBELL PRAED.
RED RECORDS.
" In many respects one of the most vital and rousing stories
this author has given us." — Standard.
THE WOMAN IN THE ALCOVE. LOVE AND LORDSHIP.
By Mis. PERRTN.
"Mrs. Perrin is one of the finest short story writers we
have. " — Standard.
ANNA KATHARINE GREEN.
FLORENCE WARDEN.
A MENDER OF NETS.
WILLIAM MACKAY.
MR. SWINBURNE'S POETICAL WORKS. A HISTORY OF OUR OWN TIMES FROM
COLLECTED LIBRARY EDITION IN SIX VOLUMES. Crown Svo, buckram,
iiilt tops. With a Dedicatory Introduction to THEODORE WATTS-DUNTON.
SECOND IMPRESSION. 36*. net for the Six Volumes.
1897 TO THE ACCESSION OF KING EDWARD VII. By JUSTIN MCCARTHY
2 vols, demy Svo, cloth, 24*.
MR. SWINBURNE'S TRAGEDIES. THE ANNALS OF COVENT GARDEN
COLLECTED LIBRARY EDITION IN FIVE VOLUMES. Crown 8vo, buckram,
gilt tops, 30*. net for the Five Volumes.
THEATRE, 1732-1807. By HENRY SAXE WYNDHAM. With 43 Illustrations
2 vols, demy Svo, cloth, 21*. net. [Slt'irtly.
ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON'S
ESSAYS OF TRAVEL. TALES AND FANTASIES. ESSAYS IN THE ART OF WRITING.
Crown 8vo, buckram, 6s. each.
EAST OF SUEZ. By Mrs. Perrin, Author of
' Red Records. '
COLONEL THORNDYKE'S SECRET. By
G. A. HENTY.
BEN HUR: A Tale of the Christ. By Lew.
WALLACE.
A SOWER OF WHEAT. By Harold Bindloss.
CHEAP EDITIONS— Crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d,
THE CRUISE OF THE "BLACK PRINCE"
PRIVATEER. By Commander CAMERON. With 2 Illustrations.
NO OTHER WAY. By Sir Walter Besant.
With 12 Illustrations by C. D. WARD.
A CRIMSON CRIME. By G. Manville Fenn.
LOVE— OR A NAME. By Julian Hawthorne.
THE POCKET CHARLES DICKENS. Favourite Passages Selected by Charles H. Hyatt.
Small pocket size, cloth, 2& net ; leather, 3»\ net.
Also uniform in size and price.
THE POCKET R. L. STEVENSON. THE POCKET RICHARD JEFFERIES. THE POCKET GEORGE MAC DONALD.
THE ST. MARTIN'S LIBRARY.
BY LORD MACAULAY.
>IACAULAY'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND,
from the Accession of James II. to the
Death of William IIL, preceded by a
Sketch of the Period before the Restora-
tion, and also of the Reign of Charles II.
In 5 vols.
by justin McCarthy.
THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE. In
1 voL
A HISTORY OF THE FOUR GEORGES
AND OF WILLIAM IV. In 2 vols.
A HISTORY OF OUR OWN TIMES, from
the Accession of Queen Victoria to 18U7.
In :i vols.
%* The above eleven volumes by Lord
Macaulay and Justin McCarthy, as well as
giving a sketch of Earlier British History,
form a complete History of England from
the Accession of James II. (1685) to the
Diamond Jubilee (1897).
POCKET VOLUMES, fine paper, cloth, gilt top, 2s.
BY
ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON.
MEMORIES AND PORTRAITS.
VIRGINIBUS PUERISQUE.
MEN AND BOOKS.
NEW ARABIAN NIGHTS.
ACROSS THE PLAINS.
THE MERRY MEN.
BY CHARLES LAMB.
THE ESSAYS OF ELIA.
BY CHARLES READE.
THE CLOISTER AND THE HEARTH.
With :!2 Illustrations bv M. B.
Hewbrdinb.
IT IS NEVER TOO LATE TO MEND.'
net per volume ; leather, gilt edges, 3&
BY RICHARD JEFFERIES.
THE LIFE OF THE FIELDS.
THE OPEN AIR.
NATURE NEAR LONDON.
BY
OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES.
THE AUTOCRAT OF THE BREAKFAST
TABLE. With Illustrations.
By SIR WALTER BESANT.
LONDON.
ALL SORTS AND CONDITIONS OF MEN.
SIR RICHARD WH1TTINGTON.
GASPARD DE COLIGNY.
BY HALL CAINE.
THE DEEMSTER.
BY WILKIE COLLINS.
THE WOMAN IN WHITE.
net per volume.
BY H. A. TAINE.
HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.
In i vols., with 32 Portrait-.
BY MARK TWAIN.
SKETCHES.
BY WALTON AND COTTON.
' THE COMPLETE ANGLER.
BY DANIEL DEFOE.
ROBINSON CRUSOE. With :S7 Illustra-
tions bv QEOROE CKl IKSllvNK.
BY THOMAS HARDY.
UNDER THE GREENWOOD TREE.
BY BRET HARTE.
CONDENSED NOVELS.
BY BOCCACCIO.
THE DECAMERON.
London: CHATTO & WINDUS, 111, St. Martin's Lane, W.C.
Editorial Communications should be tuulressed to "THE EDITOR"— Advertisements and Business Letters to "THE PUBLISHERS "-at the Office. Breams Buildings. Chancery Lane. B.I
Published Weekly by JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS at Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane. E.C.. and Priuted by J. EDWARD FRANCIS. Athena-urn Press, Breams Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.
Agent* for Scotland, Messrs. BELL & BRADFUTE and Mr. JOHN MENZIES, Edinburgh. -Saturday June Si. 1906.
THE ATHENiEUM
Journal of (Bnglisb anft J flrngtt literate*, £ri«ta, tfc Jim ^rts, |Rh5U
No. 4105.
SATURDAY, JUNE 30, 1906.
PRICE
THREEPENCE.
REGISTERED AS A NEWSPAPER
rpRINITY COLLEOE OF MUSIC, LONDON.
JL (Inst. 1ST.!. I
President-The Right Hon. LOUD COLERIDGE. M.A. K.C.
AVarden-KDMUNI) H. TUHPIX. MUB.D.
SATURDAY, .lulv 7. at 3 p.m., STUDENTS' ORCHESTRAL
CONCERT at O.UEENS HALL LANGHAM PLACE. \\
Prospectus may be had on application to the undersigned.
liy Order,
SHELLEY FISHER, Secretary.
Mandeville Place. W.
(Esbibttions.
o
BRITISH SCHOOL OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN
EGYPT.
The ANNUAL EXHIBITION of Prof. FLINDERS PETRIE'S
DISCOVERIES, comprising the Hyksos Fortress, the City of
ltaamses. the Cemetery of Goshen, and the Town and Temple of
Onias, will he OPEN FREE Horn JULY 2 to 28, at UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE, Qower Street, W.C. The Publication HYKSOS AM)
ISRAELITE CITIES will be ready in a few days.
BACH & CO., 168, New Bond Street, W.
EXHIBITION of PICTURES by
FRENCH AND HUTCH MASTERS of the XlXth CENTURY
NOW OPEN.
ALPINE CLUB, Mill Street, Conduit Street.—
Lame DECORATIVE PANELS by J. KERR LAWSON are
being EXHIBITED by Messrs. CARFAX & CO. every day from
10 till li. Admission One Shilling.
WILLIAM BLAKE.— EXHIBITION of
PAINTINGS and WATER COLODRS, the largest ever
brought together in England, at CARFAX GALLERY, 94, Bury
Strtst St .lames a 10 till I. Admission One Shilling
0
LD BRITISH SCHOOL— SHEPHERD'S
SPRING EXHIBITION includes choice Landscapes and Por-
traits by the Masters of the Old British School of Painting.
ERY. '27, King Street, St. James's Sciu
SHEPHERD'S GALLE1
EXHIBITION of Important PAINTINGS by
MANET from the Faure Collection at Messrs. SULLEV & CO.'s
GALLERIES, 169, New Bond Street, DAILY until JO LY 7. 10-5.
Admission [«., including Catalogue. LAST WEEK.
c
LIFFORD'S INN HALL.
FRIDAY CLUB EXHIBITION.
WORKS OF ART, ANCIENT AND MODERN.
OPEN DAILY from 10 to 6 till JULY 7.
Catalogues One Shilling.
JJroirifont Institutions.
fTHE BOOKSELLERS' PROVIDENT
JL INSTITUTION.
Founded 1KI7.
Patron-HER MAJESTY QUEEN ALEXANDRA.
invested Capital, :iii,oo0i.
A UNIQUE INVESTMENT
Offered to London Booksellers and their Assistants.
A young man or woman of twenty-five can invest the sum of Twenty
Guineas lor its equivalent by instalments), and obtain the right to
Epate in the following advantages : —
first. Freedom i i want in time of Adversity as long as need
■exists.
SECOND. Permanent Relief in ol. I Age.
TH IRI). Medic il Advice by eminent Physicians and Surgeons.
FOURTH. A Cottage in the Country [Abbots Langley, Hertford-
shire] for aged Members, with garden produce, coal, and medical
attendance free, in addition to an annuity.
FIFTH. A furnished I Be in the same Retreat at Abbots Langley
for the use of Members and their families for holidays or during
convalescence.
SIXTH. A contribution towards Funeral expenses when it Is needed,
SEVENTH. All these are available not for Members only, but also
for their wives or widow s and j oung children.
EIGHTH. The payment of the subscriptions confers an absolute
right to these benefits In all cases of need.
I .,i further inf ation apply to the Secretary Mn. GEORGE
LAKNER, 28, Pat ster Row. E.O
u
(Educational.
S1TY COLLEGE, NOTTINGHAM.
El'si: \rc il SCHOLARSHIP.
t'lLot the UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, NOTTINGHAM,
ILARSH1P for SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, tenab]
the value of ML, together with Free Admission to the
to any Graduate of a British University.
will he required to give evidence ot suitable training and
londucting an Original Research The successful Candi-
. i , i i i . . I to devote himself to Borne Buhji rtof R i irch to
iy the Senati
istobesenl in im) Intel than SEPTEMBER 1, 1906, on
may I btained from the REGISTRAR.
edto award n simtUi SCHOLARSHIP in DECEMBER,
by DECEMBER IS.
Tie- col \
si in
\ ear, ol
College, open
Cani
city for i
ill lie i
i ..\ ed I
A PI
which
intend
Applications
EDUCATION.
Parents or Guardians desiring accurate Information relative to
the Ml ol S( HOOLS foi BOYS or GIRLS or
'I i TORS in Engl mil ■
are imitcd to call upon or semi rulli detailed particulars to
MESSRS >■ IBBITAS, TURING A < " .
■who for more than thlrt] years have boon closely in touch with tin
lending Educational Establishments.
Adv is k'iven by Mr. TURING. Nephew of tl,«
late Head Master of Uppingham, 36, Backvillc Stieet, Loudon, W.
HASLEMERE, SURREY.— COLLEGE HILL
SCHOOL FOR GIRLS (recognized by the Board of Education!
Day and Boarding School in one of the Healthiest and most Beautiful
Resorts in England. Thorough Modern Education and Home Care.
Visiting London Teachers.— Apply Principals, Miss A. K. Ill IL HI.V
SON, B.A., Miss M. HOLLAND.
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE of NORTH WALES,
\J BANGOR. [A Constituent College of the University of \\ ales.;
Principal-H. R. REICHEL, M.A. LL.D. NEXT SESSION BEGINS
OCTOBER 2 1906. The College Courses are arranged with reference
to the Degrees of the University of Wales; they include most of the
Subjects for the B.Bc. Degree of the London University, students
may pursue their first year of Medical Study at the College. There
are Special Departments for Agriculture (including Forestry] ami
Electrical Engineering, a Day Training Department for Men and
Women, and a Department for the Training of Secondary and Kinder-
garten Teachers. Sessional Fee for ordinary Arts Course, 11(. Is. ;
ditto for Intermediate Science or Medical Course, 151. 16s, lhecost
of living in lodgings in Bangor averages from 201. to 301. for the Session.
There is a Hall of Residence for Women Student.. tee. Thirty
Guineas for the Session. At the ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIP
EXAMIN &TION (held in SEPTEMBER! more than Twenty Scholar-
ships and Exhibitions, ranging in value from 402. to 101., will be open
for competition.— For further information and copies of the various
Prospectuses apply to _ ,_ ..
JOHN EDWARD LLOYD, M.A., Secretary and Registrar.
Situations ITacant.
u
N I V E R S I T Y
OF
GLASGOW.
(HAIR OF HUMANITY.
The UNIVERSITY COURT of the UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW
will on JULY 19, or some subsequent date, proceed to appoint a
PROFESSOR to occupy the above Chair, which is now vacant.
The Professor will he required to enter on his duties on OCTO-
BER 1 1906, from which date the appointment will take effect.
The normal Salary of the post is fixed by Ordinance at l.OOOf.
The Chair has an Official Residence attached to it. .
The appointment is made ad tritam aut cttlnam. and carries with it
the right to a pension on conditions prescribed by Ordinance.
Each applicant should lodge with the undersigned, who will furnish
any further information desired, twenty copies of ids application and
twenty copies of any Testimonials he may desire to submit on or
before JULY 7, 1906. AI,.YN E. CLAPPERTON.
Secretary of the Glasgow University Court.
91, West Regent Street Glasgow.
K
HEDIVIAL SCHOOL OF LAW, CAIRO.
LAW LECTURESHIP.
The EGYPTIAN MINISTRY of EDUCATION invites applications
f,„ the- post of LECTURER in the ENGLISH SECTION of the
KHEDIVI-VL SCHOOL of LAW. CAIRO Salary id.".'., rising to 8201.
Candidates must be University Men, having either a Law Degree or
other Legal Qualification, and must have some knowledge ol rrencn.
Tin' successful applicant will be required in the first mstancc to
Lecture (in English) on Roman Law. .
Applications, stating age and nualifications, and accompanied by
copies only of Testimonials, to be set before JULS 14, 1906, to
DOUGLAS DUNLOP Esq., Gullane, East Lothian to whom Can-
didates may apply by letter for further information.
u
NIVERSITY COLLEG E, BRISTOL.
The COUNCIL invite applications for the post of LECTURER in
M vrilF.MATH'S. Commencing salary 140!. per annum.
Full particulars may he obtained nflggpgfam, Registrar.
m he
UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL.
The
ASSISTANT LECTURESHIP IN history.
COUNCIL invite applications for the vacant ASSISTANT
LECTURESHIP in HISTORY. Balarj ' "■"' nerannum.
Full particulars "a,, be obtained from the R KG ISTR Alt. to whom
applications should be sent not later than Jl L\ 10.
HARTLEY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE,
SOUTHAMPTON.
Principal s w RICHARDSON, D.Sc.Lond.
The COUNCIL invite applications foi the appointment of
ASSISTANT LECTURER in PHYSICS,
Salary ISO/., rising to 2001. per annum. .
Pai , ,, uiai - and conditions of the appointment may be obtained on
applical ion to the Registrar. . . u .
Lpnlications giving particulars of age training, nualifications. and
experience with three copies of recent Testimonials, must be sent to
thePRINCIPAl before July 1*« „,.,,„„.,, ,.„^,,n.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY DAYTRATNING
\^> i 0LLEGE.
The post of ASSISTANT LECTURER in EDUCATION in this
col LEGE is VACANT bythc appointment of R. L. Archer, M \
to the Professorship of Educati il Bangoi Candidates, who must
have taken an Honours Degi eithci at Cambridge or Oxford, ami
, , omiwtenl to nupoi i lee Teaching in Si hool, should apply to
the Principal OSCAH BROWNING. MA.. Kings College, Cambridge,
for information as to the details of the work and the remuneration.
I NG
C H A R L E S I. SCHOOL,
K I D D E R M I \ S I E R.
SECOND GRADE
K
Tin- GOVERNORS will shortly appoint a HEAD MASTER.
nee ). i, Aided ,frce flom Rates and TaxeSl, with ace. itnmoda t ion
Must he a Graduate ot n British 1 niv< rsity,
he in Hoh Orders, stipend ISO) . and Capil itin I
per nnnum. Average nui foi past Bv<
.,. to he s,,,t on oi before 3\ L\ N For turthei
of Application applj to I llos I l\ ENS,
r, Kidderminster, 'Ink to the Gov, mors.
Yearly Subscription, free by post, Inland,
15s. 3d. ; Foreign, 18s. Entered at the New
York Post Office as Second Class matter.
FRANCE.-The ATHEKEUM can be
obtained at the following Railway Stations
in France:—
AMIENS, ANTIBES, BEAULIEU SUR MER. BIARRITZ, BOR-
DEAUX, BOULOGNE, CALAIS. CANNES, DIJON, DUNKIRK,
GENEVA, GOLFE-JUAN, HAVRE. HVERES, JUAN-LES-ETXS.
LILLE. LYONS, MARSEILLES. MENTONE, MONACO. MONTE
CARI.o. NANTES, nice. PARIS lEst, Nord, Lyon), PAU, ROUEN,
SAINT RAPHAEL, TOULON, TOURS.
PARIS: W. H. SMITH & SON. '24*. Rue dc Rivoli; and at the
G ALIGN AN I LIBRARY. ->24. Rue do Rivoli.
M
INISTRY OF EDUCATION, EGYPT.
HEAD MASTERSHIP.
A HEAD MASTER for the largest SECONDARY SCHOOL in
CATI ; .'iider the Ministry of L lucati n will he required in
OCTOBER NEXT. Salary 615Z.— 8202. per annum.
Head Master's House, newly built, close to the School. Allowance
for passage out to Egypt. Summer Vacation not less than Two
Months.
Staff, of which English University Men foi m a large part, numbers
over 40.
Applicants should he laymen, between :I0 and -W years of age.
Application, with statement of age. Honours at School and
University, and of experience in teaching, accompanied by copies ol
Testimonials, to be sent before JUNE 30, 1908. to DOUGLAS DUNLOP,
Esq., Gullane, Haddingtonshire, to whom Egyptian Candidates may
apply by letter for further information.
"T)ERBYSHIRE EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
BUXTON PUPIL-TEACHERS CENTRE FOR GIRLS.
Applications are invited for the post ot [al HEAD MISTRESS.
Commencing Salary 1S0Z. |bl ASSISTANT MISTRESS. Commencing
Salary 1001. Candidates most be specially qualified, cither in English
Subjects or in Mathematics and Science.
Applications, stating age, qualifications, and experience, together
with copies of three recent Testimonials, should be sent, before
.1ULV 14, to the DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION, County Education
office. Derby.
A
BKRDEEN HIGH SCHOOL FOR GIRLS.
Applications are Invited for the i>«.st of science mistress ■;,,
this SCHOOL, where the work professed includes Physics. Botany,
and Chemistry. Candidates must hare passed the Cambridge Natural
Sciences Tripos or possess University Degrees. The Salarx is
commence. Duties to begin October 1.— Address sending three
printed copies of Testimonials) THE CLERK OF THE SCHOOL
Board. 22, Union Terra, e, Aberdeen, on or before JULY 12.
T
HE COUNTY SCHOOL, CARNARVON.
WANTED, for SEPTEMBER, SCIENCE MISTRESS to teach
Botany, chemistry, and Physics. Degree or equivalent ; training or
experieni ssential, Commencing Salary HOI to I20C. - \pply to
HEAD M \STER.
WANTED, for SEPTEMBER NEXT, a
science MASTER. Graduate with considerable experience
in preparing for the Cambridge Local Examinations.— Apply to the
HEAD MASTER, King Edward's School, Bath.
/BOUNTY COUNCIL OF THE WEST RIDING
\J OF YORKSHIRE.
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT.
STAFF APPOINTMENTS IN SECONDARY schools.
The WEST RIDING EDUCATION COMMITTEE will require, In
SEPTUM I'.ER. the scnics oi
one assistant MASTER to teach English Subjects, French,
and Geography. Salary I40L
ONE ASSISTANT MISTRESS to teach English Su
Singing Needlework, and Drill. Salary 1001
one assistant mistress to teach Mathematics and Latin.
Salary 1207,
ONE ASSISTANT MISTRESS to teach English Conipos-tion,
History and PhyMcal Exercises or Class 8inging Salarj I.
ONE ASSISTANT MISTRESS to teach Junior and Kindergarten
Subjects. Salarj tool , ,
oNE assistant mistress to teach General En
Singing, and Drawing. Salary 1001
•Vindications for thes, posts must be made on Forms to be obi
,,,'„,, the EDUCATION DEPARTMENT iSerondaryl. County Hall,
Wakefield where they must be returned not later than MONDAY,
July 16, 1908 epics' of not more than three recent Testim
must be sent with the application.
Canvassing will be a disqualification.
nnUNTY COUNCIL OF THE WEST RIDING
\j OF YORKSHIRE
B D DC V T I o N D E P \ RTM E N T.
HIGHER BD1 C \Tlox
The west RIDING EDUCATION COMMITTEE require the
M.,,.,s oi'an ORGANIZING MASTER qualified in Science and
Mathematics, <"' the purpose ol taking Courses of Instinct,.
Grou,» o< Elemental-] Tea, he- I'nccrt id Supplemci
„,„! ,,i undertaking tome Tea. hing in Beoondar] 8chi
hk must he made on Forms to be obtained from the
ID i \'l'lo\ DEPARTMENT iSccondaryl, Count] H. ill. Wakefield,
where thej must he ret, un.d not later than JUL!
, ,,, ,n, ont Testimonials must '■ -nt with the
application
Canvaat ng »ill be ■ disqualification.
782
Til K A Til ENJEUM
U05, Jinn
30. 1906
p 0 i n I J 8CHOO I.. I- i. 7T€ v
TheCOMMl 1 I Kb Invite eppll. ,iti..n» f..r the |k»I ..i AH8I81 INT
l.itiu mill Eiiglndi • ..ii.i-.pii lit ii|«ui hi ;i|.|..liil
I nl-.i.lli of l-.li. I.. i, I'll M I.M;
I I
exnerteu.
I i mi of Appli.nt srllil -l .iiii-.l lulill
envelope to the PHI NCI PA I I ml »< l Leyton,tCH
I other »..i s i . «« i*r
i.. i
FOUNDATION B C > L,
\\ inn ■ a M-i i. ROAD, E.
WANTED, l'U'.IY IN BEPTEMBER 'I W INTf*
i. aeofwl i imiM liiiM- special qualifications In English
mi. i tin- othci in Kr.-n.il Rxparienoe rsinntlsl Mail lhars In
ml . mill tin-in i . mull i . • rtain • ondlUonm, by
i"/. to DOl
BlzWMkl N tie I ii ' nil' -I "i'l« ■ ti. ti imiiiat.- ilicageiiient.
Api'ly on orbefon ' i i.\ .. bj letter only, t.. the Hi id U
H. CARTER, B.A.
W
ESTSUTFOLK EDUCATION COMMITTEE.
90HOOL 01 AltT.
AmUeetdonJ are Invited for the post of AltT MASTER roi tfai
SCHOOL ol ART at lil'ltv ST. EDMUNDS. The rocoeeofal Candi-
date will be expected t.. give his whole time t.. th« servit f tin-
Oommltb i . and to take Daj and Evening Work. Commencing Salary
•jimi/. per -.tin ui n, with annual Inert ments to
Travelling expenses, and an allowance if ont on County
Busin. - ?ht, will uImi in- granted.
Applications to be made on or before JULY 7, IMS, on n Form to
beobl the undersigned on roceipi of stamped, addressed
FRED K. HUGHES, County Education Secretary.
Bury st. Edmunds.
METROPOLITAN BOROUGH OF
ST. l'ANCKAS.
PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
The COUNCIL of tin- METROPOLITAN BOROUGH of ST. PAN-
CKAS Invite applications for the following Appointments:—
\ CHIEF ASSISTANT, age 25 to 96, at :i salary of 1207. per
annum, i i>ini_- by annual increments of ML to 1801. per annum,
previa e in Library Work is essential.
(61 A SENIOR ASSISTANT, age 30 to 80, at a Balary of 70L per
annum, rising by annual Increments of 7/. in*, to imif. per annum.
Previoi oe in Library Work essential. Experience in Library
Work preference will be given in this appointment to
Candidates with a knowledge of Shorthand and Type-writing.
A JUNIOR ASSISTANT at a salary of -1"'. per annum, rising by
annual increments of »'. to 601. per annum. Preference will be given
in this appointment to well-educated youths aged about it; years,
who have recently left school.
Applications must be made on form' to be obtained from the Town
Clerk, Town Hall, Faunas Road, N.W., must be sent to the under-
signed not later than FRIDAY. July 6, and accompanied by copies
[which will not be returned! of three Testimonials of recent dates,
an.l be endorsed either 'Chief Assistant," "Senior Assistant," or
"Junior Assistant."
Personal canvassing will be considered a disqualification.
c. 11. F. BARRETT, Town Clerk,
The Town Hall, Faunas Road, N.W., June is, 1906.
EEQUIRED, really Practical SUB-EDITOR for
Established FENNY* -WEEKLY MAGAZINE. Must have
Knowledge of Public Taste.— Apply, in first instance, Box 1129,
Athenaeum Press, 18, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, B.C.
P*
>UBLISHER requires the Exclusive Services of
1 a GENTLEMAN of Experience, to undertake the duties of
LITERARY ADVISER, READER, and BOOS EDITOR. Age
under J". Experience of Publishing an advantage.— State Salary
required and full particulars in confidence to Box 66, 44, Chancery
Lane, W.O.
CIRCULATING LIBRARY.— An important and
extensive concern, baling numerous Branches throughout
England, requires the SERVICES of a GENTLEMAN with Library
experience to organize and extend on modern lines an already
established Library Business.— Apply, stating age, experience, &c„ to
199 b . .are of C. Mil. bell St Co., 1. Snow Hill, B.C.
LITERABY MAN, residing chiefly Ahmad,
requires YOUNG LADY secretary (Shorthand Typist).—
Reply, stating qualifications, Salary, references, age, to C. D., Howard
Hill.
Situations WLanttb.
TO PUBLISHERS and EDITORS.— EMPLOY-
MENT WANTED in .-my Literary or Journalistic capacity.
Mss, read and prepared for Press. Editing, Compiling, Indexing,
i: irchei at the British Museum, 4c. Foreign Languages. Good
knowl I ntinental Affairs and Literature. —ERNEST A.
VI/.ETELLY. is, Southampton Buildings, Chai ry Lam-, W.C.
TO MUSEUMS and ANTIQUARIANS.
yOTJNQ GENTLEMAN m I desires POSITION. Seven years
perience in British Museum, skilled in Reproduction
an-l Rei ' Coins, Medals, Gems, and Seals; Preservation of
..Mr-, Bronzes, Pottery, ftc. Journalism, Draughtsmanship,
Pype \\ i it me, BooK-Keeping, &c. Excellent Testimonials,
— M. II . Box 1128, Athenaeum Press, 13, Bream's buildings, E.c.
AN active YOUNG MAN (23) requires
SITUATION as PUBLISHER'S or BOOKSELLER'S ASSIS-
TANT. Can supply g 1 reference! T., box 1070, Athenaeum Press,
im - Buildings, Chancery Lain-, i: C.
iHisrfllaiuous.
AN OPENING occurs Eora GENTLEMAN (not
ovei sound education and Literarytastes to
obtain TRAINING under a well-known LONDON EDITOR
Premit i Iddress, in Brsl Instance, to V.vftovnoi^, r„>\ 1824,
Willing Strand, W.C.
AUTHOR undertakes TRANSLATIONS from
French, l i mi!,, m Italian into English (Prose or Vera
Address BETA, S8, Lanidowne Road, South I ambeth
TRANSLATIONS, RESEARCH WORK, &e.,
required bj qualified LADY, thoroughly conversant with six
Technical and i I hei Subjects Iddj ess, D, P.,
- i l Messrs. Luzai & Co . 16, Great Russell Street, W.C.
I I I l RAR"i R.ESEARI II undertaken %\ the
I J British Mo- when on moderate terms KxoaUant
unli.li \ II l: (ion \'l.. in urn 1'ieu, 13, Urram'tUuildliigi.
r Laui I I
SEARCHES at 1:1:11 [SH MUSEUM and other
I.lllllAltlEHIn English, Prancb, Flemlih, Dutch. German, and
Latin. siii.nl. n years' experience. — J. A. ItANDi U.l'll
Alaxandra Road. Wimbledon, B W,
8>l)pf-Wlr iters, &r.
TYPE WRITING of all de«rriptioni WAN'l ED
by LADT (Royal Barlock Machine! work oerefully done and
in- ptly returned, lOd. 1.000 words.— Miss BRIDGES, Parsonage.
Rudgwiok,
TSTE-WRITING.— M8&, BCTENTTFIC, and
of all Description*, COPIED, ftpmisl attention to work
requiring car.- Dictation Rooms (Shorthand or Tyi* Writing!.
Usual terms -Mi- 1 I. FAHKAN. Donington House. 30,
Norfolk Street, Strand, London.
TV PE-WRITINC undertaken by highly educated
Women iclassiial Tri|K,s; Cambridge Higher Local; Modern
Latc-nai,'!'-' Research, Revision, Translation. Dictation Koom. —
TIIK CAMBRIDGE TYPE WHITING AGENCY, 10, Duke Street,
Ad.lpbi, W.O,
TYPE- WRITING, M. per 1,000 words. All
kinds of MSS., STORIES, PLAY'S, 4e„ accurately TYPED.
Carbons, 3d. per 1,000. Best references.— M. KINO 7, Corona Villas,
Pinner Road, Harrow.
TYPE-WRITER.— PLAYS and MSS. of every
description. Carbon and other Duplicate or Manifold Copies.
-Mi>< E. M. TIGAIi, 64. Maitland Park ltoad, Haverstot-k Hill. N.Vt.
Established l«84.
TYPE-WRITING, SHORTHAND, and TRANS-
LATIONS. Established 18SI9. Highest references. — Hiss
II AM EH JONES, -Wand 6n, Chancery Lane, W.C. (First Floor i.
TYPE-WRITING.— The WEST KENSINGTON
OFFICES. Authors' MSS.. Translations, 4c. Legal and General
Copying. Circulars, Ac, duplicated. Usual Terms. References.
Established thirteen years.— SIKES k SIKES. 229, Hammen-mith
Road, W. (Private Address: 13, Wolverton Gardens, Hammersmith. I
A UTHORS' MSS. , NOVELS, STORIES, PLAYS,
A ESSAYS TYPE WRITTEN with complete accuracy 9d. per
1,000 words. Clear Carbon Copies guaranteed. References to well-
known Writers.— M. STUART, Thirlbank Roxborough Road, Harrow
THE CO-OPERATIVE TYPE-WRITERS, Ltd.
(CO-PARTNERSHIP SOCIETY),
CECIL HOUSE, 116, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C.
(Over Messrs. Lilley & Skinner's.)
SHORTHAND, TYPING, DUPLICATING, TRANSLATING,
TRACING, 4c.
A limited number of Pupils taken.
"Laving Wage." Little overtime. No work given out. Offices well
lighted and healthy. MSS. kept in fireproof safe. Efficient Staff.
T
YPE- WRITING, M. per 1,000 words. Trans-
lations.— W. T. CURTIS, 10, Haringey Park, Crouch End, N.
Ikntbovs Agents.
THE AUTHOR'S AGENCY.— Established 1879.
The interests of Authors capably represented. Agreements for
Publishing arranged. MSS. placed v, ith Publishers.— Terms and Testi-
monials on application to Mr. A. M. BURGH ES, 34. Paternoster Row
MR. GEORGE LARNER, Aoooimtant and
Licensed Valuer to the Bookselling, Publishing, Newspaper
Printing, and stationery Trades. Partnerships Arranged Balance
Sheets and Trading Aosounts Prepared and ludited. All Business
earned out under Mr. Lanier's personal supervision. 28, 29, and 30
Paternoster How, B.C.. Secretary to the Booksellers' Provident
Institution.
$Uhi5pap*r JVgimis.
"VTORTHERN NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE,
-Ll KENDAL, ENGLAND.
Supplies Editors withal] kinds or Literary Matter, and is open to hear
from Authors concerning Manuscripts.
YTEWSPAPER PROPERTIES
J-l BOUGHT, SOLD, VALUED. AND SUPPLIED WITH
EVERY REQUISITE.
The London Agency of an additional limited number of Provincial
anil Colonial Newspapers can be undertaken.
Full particulars from
THE IMPERIAL NEWS AGENCY,
SI and 4, Tudor Street. London. E.C.
A THEN/EUM PRESS.— JOHN EDWARD
-T\_ FRANCIS, Printer of the Athtnavm, Wotss and Qusrta 4c is
prepared to SUBMIT ESTIMATES for all kinds ,,f BOOK NKWS
and periodical PRINTING.— 18, Bream's Buildings, Chancery
Lane, E i '
(Eatalonius.
HH. PEACH, 37, Belvoir Street, Leicester,
. Issues CATALOGUES of MSS and RARE BOOKS post free
to book Collectors No lv. jusl issued, contains Early Continental
Provincial Presses— interesting Collection of Historical Autograph
Letters, 1690 1706, fcc
CATALOGUE No. 4f>.— Drawings, Engravings,
\J and Hooks. Including an extensive and una Collection of the
Plates of Turner's LIBER STUDIORUM and other Engravings after
Turner— Hogarth's Engravings Whistler's Btchings —Works by
Ruskin, ftc I'ost free. Sixpence, 11)1. WARD. -2, Church Ten-ace.
Richmond, Surrey.
i;
M
I n I* i: B 3.
(. \\ A blltl.
lUrlng purcliuul many Volumt-t. in. ludln*
AltT. IlIotillAI'liY TltAM.L POUTII U
ti »;• MA' MILLA.N A I ii.« tbeui »t |M |
( A.TALOG1 I i-
OAT 4 BIRD. «. Bedford Street. London.
L BIO H TO N'S
TLLU8TEATBD CATALOGUE of EARLY
1 PRINTED and other INTI .1 ITl^.
end BIND1
•HI RES 1 - B SALE BY
J. & J. I.I lOHTON, 40, Hre«er Street, QoldM IfMil If,
Thick S\o, , it.-iiis, rita nwanboi LIM Reproductions
Hound in art cloth, gilt to]*. •£*. ; half morocco, gilt to[«, (OS.
UHllmillllll '..nt.-iining A. with Hi Illuntntions.
A
GLAISHER'8 REMAINDER BOOK
CATALOGUE .HNE Sl'Pl'LEMENT BOW III
Extensive Purchases of Publishers Remain ;ced
Prt
WILLIAM OLAISHER Remainder and Dii^nunt Booluellrr.
3s',. High Bolborn. London. \\ I
Alsoa useful CATALOGUE of Pop!' I.AR CURRENT LITERATURE
andoneof FRENCH HOTELS I I
Now READY.
CATALOGUE (No. 109) of SBOOND-HAND
BOOKS, including many int. ; shank item*, with
tph Inscriptions Ifrom the Truman Collection!— veil lound
Sets of Library Editions of standard Authors— Early Matbematical
His, ks— old Copperplate Yii-v.s of ' ountry s.-at>— E.vtra-Illurtrated
Booke, Occult Works, Ac
Gratis and i^j^t free on applic-ation to
MYERS !c CO.. vi High Holborn, London, W I
Telephone 4I«7 Ilolliorn.
BERTRAM D O B E L L,
SECOND HAND BOOKSELLER an PUBLISHER,
77, Charing Cross Road. London. W (
A large Stock of old and Hare Rooks in Enslish Literature,
Including Poetry and the Drama — Shakespeariana — First Edit
Famous Authors— Manuscripts— Illustrated Books, Jtc. CATALOGUES
free on application.
NCIENT and MODERN COINS. —Collectors
and Antiquarians are invited to applv to SPINK A
Lirnited. for Specimen Copy .m-atis of tln-ir NUMISMATIC CIRCU-
LAR The finest Greek, Roman, and English Coins on Vn-w and for
Sale at Moderate Prices.— SPINK £ SON. Lmrnm. Experts, Valuers.
and Cataloguers. 16, !7, and l». Piccadilly, London, W. Established
upwards of a Century.
JUST PUBLISHED, THE INTERNATIONAL
*J BOOK CIRCULAR. No. I4i eontainii Bed List of
NEW and numerous valuable SECOND-HANI) B IS - imen
gratis.— WILLIAMS ft NORGATE, Book lmi>ort«rs. 14, HenrietU
Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
BOOKS. —All OUT-OE-PRINT and RARE
BOOKS on any subject SUPPLIED. Tin most expert Bookfinder
extant. Please state wants and ask for CATA1.' GUE. 1 make a ei>ecial
feature of exchanging any Saleable Books for others selected from my
various Lists. Special List of 2.000 Books I i»articularlv v, :,-
— EDW. BAKERS Gnat Bookshop, 14-16, John Bright Street. Bir-
mingham. Oscar Wilde's Poems cjis.i, for 6*. 6d. .only 250 issued .
^aks bu ^.utii0n.
Hare aini valuable 73oo/.-,s\ including a SmaU Lihram nf Book*
in Old English Literature (removed from Yorkthin).
MESSRS. HODGSON & Co. will SELL by
AUCTION, at their Rooms, lift, Chancery Lane, W.C, on
WEDNESDAT, bilv 4. and Two Following Days, at 1 o'doi k. HARE
and VALUABLE BOOKS, including a SMALL' LIBRARY of b
in OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE, comprising the Best Edition of
Turner's Herbal, 1568— aCopyof the excessively rare Elizabethan Poem
sir Fniiu is Drake, by t barles Pitigeffrey, Origil cfbrd,
1596 — Early books on Trade. Physics, and Medicine, many in Blaek
Letter, the whole in Contemporary Calf or Sheep Bindinffs— a few
Early Printed Books — the Work's of Rembrandt, by llo.le and
I>( (Jroote. Edition de Luxe. S vols., and other Fine-Art and Illus-
trated Books— Dodslevs Old English Plavs. bv Har.litt. IS v>ds . and
other books on the Drama, the Property of the late B. BARTON
BAKER Esq.; Jenkins's Martial Achievements, Coloured 1
1816— First Editions of Esteemed Authors — Library Sets of Scott.
Dickens, Thackeray. Surtees, and others— Standard Books in all
Classes of Literature— Audubon's Quadrupeds of America, :: vols., and
other Natural History and Scientific Books— a Set of the
Records Society's Publications— Engravings. Sc.
To be viewed and Catalogues had.
WILLIS'S ROOMS. KING STREET. ST. dAMKSS SQ1 IRE - «
Without Reserve.— Tht LANGWJtIL COLLECTION of OUT
Chinese Works of Art, by direction of John Leecnman
Taylor, Esq., Ju-n., Chartered Accountant,
t, Glasgow, Judicial Facto,- ,,f t! GEORGE
LOUDEN WATSON, appointed by the Supreme Court of
ind.
MESSRS. ROBINSON A FISHER are
instructed to SELL, at their Rooms, on THURSDAY NEXT.
July ■"'. at i o'clock precisely, the FIFTH PORTION of this important
and valuable COLLECTION, comprising Carvings in Jade, Q
Amethyst. Cornelian, and othei Hard Stone some fine Specimens of
Blue- .iii.1 White. Enamelled, and Whole-Colour Pol i-elain — a rare
Twelve Fold Lacquer Screen— and other interesting Items.
Catalogues maybe had of I FLOR ft MACINTOSH
tants, 115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow ; Messrs ^
BAIRTI * CO., Solicitors. West Regent stieet. Glasgow; M
CLARK *MACI)ON ALP. S.S.C.. 24. Hill Street, Edinburgh; )l
BOULTON suns \ SANDEMAX, Solicitors, Ha, Northampton
Square, B.C. : and of the auctioneers, at their Ofloai as above.
5n ?<-.-■• of MisosUaneom Property.
MR. J. C STEVENS begs to Ronooaoe that
SALES an held EA KRY PRIDAY, at his R...
stre.t Covent Garden, London, W.C, lor the disposal of MICRO-
SCOPES. SLIDES, and OBJECTIVES- Telescopes— Theodolites —
Levels— Electrical and Scientific Instruments— CamersB, Lenses, and
all kinds of Photographic Apparatus— Optical Lanterns with Slides
and all accessories in gnat variety by Best Makers — Household
Furniture — lev, cilery— an.l other Miscellaneous Property.
On view Thursday -J to 5 and morning of Sale.
N° 4105, June 30, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
783
Books and Manuscripts. „„
MESSRS SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
n wn w AITCTION at their House, No. 13, Wellington
Days. ,,.i,l on MONDAY July 9 at l . .. c o,k ™* J,^*^™
g BO«»KS an.l MSS .neluajng the LIbRAHA ^J. S^TMhNSUN,
PrVv vFi L iVkaK ES co n pri'ins Stand,,,! Works in the various
ToDMTaohy-Early and Rare Foreign Books &e.
1 fc May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may he had.
Valuable Autograph Letters and important Relics of the
Wesley Family.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No i:t, Wellington
ingtoi and others-Important Correspondence of C. >anvm John
Rusk in Sir John Franklin, Lord Beaconefield, E. ft Browning, and
Si, W Scott-fine Letters of Frederick the Great-Autographs of
MuSical,^ORTANT LETTERS AND RELICS OF THE
THE DESK CHAIR USE1)' BY OLIVES GOLDSMITH, Ac
May he viewed two days prior. Catalogues may he had.
Valuable Engravings and Etchings, selected from the
Collection of the late ALFRED MORRISON, Esq., of
V/TESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
1VL will SELL by AUCTION, at their House, No. 13, Wellington
Street Strand W C.on WEDNESDAY, July 11, and Three .Following
Ti 'it i « c lock Drecisely valuable ENGRAVINGS and ETCHINGS,
StedfromtbiPC0tLECTION of the late ALFRED MORRISON^
Bs., 'f Fonthill, comprising Engravings and Etchings ibj ■ <M
MMters including important Examples of the Works of Berghem,
C . Lucas Van Leyden. Israel Van Meckenen. Martin Schomraue.
Sir A Vmdvck M. Zagel, and others-Engravings after French
Masters-Me^tinte^ remarkable Collection of Historical Prints
and Broadsides— Modern Etchings, &e.
May be viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
The Collection of Greek, Roman, ^^ohmmm^an Coins,
the Property of the late J. M. C. JOHNSTOA,Esa.
MESSRS. SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HODGE
vcill SELL by AUCTION (by order oi f the ^utor). At their
House. No. 13, Wellington Street, Sfrand, \\ .0 on MONDAV, Julyl6,
«T„i T«m Pnllowine Days at 1 o clock precisely, the C ollm. i ioi\ or
f- FFK ROMAN^ and MOHAMMEDAN COINS, the Property of
tnc^ate J M C JOHNSTON. Esq.. including an extensive s,„,s o
r w Con per Coins-Roman Denarii and Brass-and a very long and
& tin« ■ S-ries of Mohammedan, Persian, .and Indian Coins, par
•("mlarly of the Earlier Khalifs-Coin Cahmets-and Numismatic
Books. ^ ^ ^ viewed two days prior. Catalogues may be had.
Arclmoloqical Collection* formed by EDWARD
BIDWELL, F.s,,.
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
by AUCTION, at their Galleries, 47. Leicester Square \\ .C. on
TUESDAY July :'.. at ten minutes past 1 o'clock precisely, the COL-
LECTIONS formed by EDWARD BIDWELL. Esq comprising a
lr-,- Series of K.ue Obsolete Methods of Holding Lieht-Lamps illus-
i'-o , : Vi.e vnious means ,.f getting oil to tic Wick— Candlesticks
made of Wampum beads - many small articles of Carved Wood,
deluding Stay Busks, Knitting sheaths, Nul Crackers, Spoons. &c-
, ' ;,' 1 Hun Of the Viking period-Tinder boxes and Matches-
Gum Pistols and Powder tforns-Weighing Appliances and Money
s,'1 ^-Eskimo. Maori, and other Curios CooMn? and Toasting
Dtensils-Pipes-and a large Miscellaneous Arch.vological Collection.
Valuable Books.
MESSRS. PUTTICK & SIMPSON will SELL
by AUCTION, at their Galleries, 47. Leicester Square, W.O.,
EARLY in JULY, VALUABLE BOOKS, Including several small
Private Libraries.
0
1)
M
ESSRS. CHRISTIE. MANSON & WOODS
respectfully give Notice that they will hold the following
SAI FS by AUCTION, at their Great booms. King Street, St. James 6
i ,. the Salee commencing at l o'clock precisely :—
On MONDAY, July 2, OLD PICTURES, the
Property of G. A. 1 1 1 LEY, Esq.. and otic i S.
On TUESDAY, July 3, the highly interesting
nnd important OOLLEOTIOll of RELICS and SOUVENIRS of
LAFAYETTE, chlefij in connexion with the American War of
independence.
On TUESDAY, July 3, and Following Day,
;,.,,„„ i-,,,t histokic \L DOCUMENTS relating to tin Spanish
Ailna.l, ami valuable HISTORICAL and MISCELLANEOUS
AUTOGRAPHS.
On THURSDAY, July 5, OLD ENGLISH
SILVER PLATE, the Property of JOHN OORBETT, Esq., deceased,
ami others.
On FRIDAY. July 6, BRONZES and
nrcni: Vl'IYK OBJECTS, the Propertyof LAWRENCE W. 1 1 < »I >-
son. ">,, and t.LD CHINESE and other PORCELAIN from
ous sources.
On SATURDAY, July 7, MODERN PICTURES
and Drawings of the late DAVID DAVY, Esq., the late Mrs. ELIZA
BRIGHTWBN, and othi
^litga-fttus, &c.
TEE HOME COUNTIES MAGAZINE.
An Illustrated Magazine devoted to Popnlai To] raph .
Pi [eel 8 1, nel
77.. JULY ■ I ■ " " "■' ' ' ''■■ ' '
NOTES on A PORTRAIT OF THOMAS FRY Of
GRAYS VILLAGE-PLACE NAMES: NORTH WOO 1
DISTRICT
T> L A C K W 0
For JULY contains
GEORGE BUCHANAN. By Charles Whibley.
THE DAFT DAYS. Chaps. I. -III.
By Neil Munro.
SONNETS.
A Soldier to a Secretary of State for War.
REMBRANDT VAN RUN. 1606-1906.
By D. S. Meldrum.
A SOUTHRON IN SUTHERLAND.
By A. T. S. Goodrick.
THE FAIRWAY. By Oliver Onions.
FORTY SINGING SEAMEN.
By Alfred Noyes.
COUNT BUNKER.— Conclusion.
By J. S. Clouston.
THE GREATEST GAME-BEAST IN EUROPE.
By Hesketh Prichard.
' THE TIMES ' HISTORY OF THE WAR IN
SOUTH AFRICA.
RECENT SOCIAL EVENTS OF STRIKING
SIGNIFICANCE :—
The Katori — The Most Distinguished Order of
St. Michael and St. George.
MUSINGS WITHOUT METHOD :—
The Outrage at Madrid— The qualities of the Anarchist
—A Victim of Temperament— "Political Crime — rhe
" Honour" of Assassins— How to Treat the Anarchist—
Henrik Ibsen— His Life and Works— The Folly of
Ibsenism.
MOVING TOWARDS A TERRITORIAL ARMY.
By General E. F. Chapman, C.B.
EDUCATION BILL IN COMMITTEE.
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.
pON' TEMPORARY
^ REVIEW. JULY, 28. 6d.
THE WAR OF MOSLEM AND CHRISTIAN FOR '.THE POSSES-
SION OF ASIA MINOR. By Prof. W. M. Ramsay. Being the
Rede Leeture for 1906.
THE NATIVE QUESTION IN THE TRANSVAAL By Sir Alfred
E. Pease, late Administrator of Native Affairs in the Transvaal.
SQUANDERING A SURPLUS. By Sir Oliver Lodge.
THE GREAT CONGO INIQUITY, by Harold Spender.
FRENCH POLITICS AND THE FRENCH PEOPLE. By Laurence
Jerrold.
THE WORLD OF PERSONAL SPIRITS. By Emm. France!
Caillaid.
THE FOREIGN POLICY OF SPAIN. By Charles Rudy.
THE TEACH Fits' REGISTER. By Prof. .1. J. Findlay.
THE FALL OF WOMAN. By George Barlow.
THE TRUTH ABOUT THE MONASTERIES: a Rejoinder.
By G. G. Ooulton.
RELIGIOUS EVENTS IN FRANCE, by Paul Saba tier.
FOREIGN AFFAIRS. By Dr. E. J. Dillon.
London: HORACE MARSHALL & SON.
oK KENT-
\ND
SOME EAST KENT PARISH HISTORY-WIN
CHESTER CATHEDRAL THE CHRONICLE OP PAl I'SCKOSS
OLD IT ' ''M BROWS s col VI It \ RALPH
THORESBV IN LONDON NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS
AND QUERIES.
I'ERLY
(i. CHANCERY LANE, W.C.
Till', BUILDER [founded 1842), Catherine
W.C, JONE , ,.
THE MiHF.sioN OF CONCRETE TO STEEL; Uchitecture at
,1,,. |;,,v,,i \, i , .eietyfor the Promotion oi Hellenic Studies:
,!,. ,„, \,, ottectural Stud; ; Preservation of Plaa oi
• Institute of British Architects (pre
Medal : Armstrong Colli tleon
TyiieiSomc Mathematical Methods, t. . for Architects (Student*
Pala, Design the Hs me; Mansions
,,,,l i | Bntri Pon I
through any Rem
THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND AFTER,
No. 863. JULY.
THE HOUSE OF LORDS. By the Right Hon. Sir Herbert Maxwell,
Bart.
THE stoRY OF THE CAPITULATIONS. By Edward Dicey, C.B.
THE ABSORPTION OF HOLLAND BY GERMANY. By J. Ellis
Barker.
GERMAN TRADE IN SOUTH AMERICA. By Major-General Sir
Alexandei B. Tulloch, K.C.B. C.M.G.
DISARM &.M I'NT. by Ool. the Earl of Enroll.
WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. By Lieut-Col. Sir Henry M. Hosier,
K.C.B.
'■SoFTSIF.NA AND HEK CHILDREN, by Miss Rose M. Bradley.
A PLEA FOR THE WHITE SOUTH BY A COLOURED WOMAN.
By Mary Church Ten. '11.
TIMBER-PLANTING ON WASTE LAND, by John Nisbet, late
' Indian Pod bI Sei t ice.
MRS. LTKYNS AND "THE DAUPHIN.'' By Ralph Nevill.
LETTERS OP LORD ACTON To MARY GLADSTONE. By the
' Right Hon. Alfred Lyttclton, M.I'.
THE MARRIAGE RITUAL of Toledo. By the Rev. Herbert
Thurston. S.J.
CONSERVATIVE ORGANISATION AND THE AGRICULTURAL
LABOURERS. Bj T. E CebbeL
conflict or COMPROMISE? By D. C. Lathbury.
THE PROSPECTS of THE BILL, By Herbert Paul, MP.
INTERNATIONAL ART: a Duologue. ByMissF. P. Seelcy.
THE REVIVAL OF BOULPT1 RE By H. Hamilton Fyfe.
improved simp ARCHITECTURE FOB London: the New
i, ,nt By Sir Aston Webb, R.A. F.R.I.B.A.
London : BPOTTISWOODE 4 CO., Limited, 5, New Streel Squan
T
HE SPIRIT OF OUR LAWS.
Price is. nel ; posl free .v. id.
•The Spirit of our Laws' is ;i popular book which lolls llu>
man in the slice! ;ill about the l;iw and its working ill
plain, unfcechnical language. It is foil of amusing simics
and real cases, it. di'.ils with iii.ittcrs with which every
educated man should be familiar.
What tht !'■■;" I • :l : —
"It would be a r""'l thing if every intelligent citizen
could read tbis book."
" Very Interesting readin
"Distinguished bj the studied simplicity of its exposition."
SWEET a MAXWELL, LIMIT! D,
:s, Chancer] Lane, London, W.C.
ESTABLISHED 1837.
THE
PUBLISHERS'
CIRCULAR
AND BOOKSELLERS' RECORD.
IMPORTANT NOTICE TO THE BOOK
TRADE, TO LIBRARIANS, AND TO
GENERAL READERS.
In response to repeated requests from Booksellers
and Librarians, it has been decided to prepare and
publish a MONTHLY as well as a WEEKLY List
of New Publications in THE PUBLISHERS'
CIRCULAR AND BOOKSELLERS" RECORD.
It has been represented to us that such a
List, in a compendious form, would be of the
greatest practical value for Reference to Titles,
Prices, &c, of New Books which are in constant
demand. Accordingly,
THE 'P.C MONTHLY LIST OF NEW
BOOKS
Will be printed in the PUBLISHERS' CIR-
CULAR, at the end of each calendar month. In
it the New Books will be entered under two head-
ings, Subject and Author, in one Alphabet. The
Publishers' Name, the Size and Price will also be
given.
The " Books of the Week " will appear as here-
tofore, except that in those weeks when the
Monthly List is published they will be incorporated
in that list. In order that the New Books of the
last week in each month may be readily picked out,
we shall put a capital N after the title, &e.
It is hoped that this arrangement will meet the
wishes and convenience of Booksellers, Librarians,
and others, and that they, as well as the Publishers,
will give the PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR in-
creased support in order to meet the increase of
cost involved by this new departure.
THE SECOND MONTHLY LIST APPEARS IN
THE ' P.C FOR JUNE 30.
THE LEADING PUBLISHERS ADVERTISE
REGULARLY IN THE 'P.C
About 2,000 Scarce and
other Books Wanted
ARE ADVERTISED FOR IN THE
PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR
EACH WEEK.
"The English Catalogue is indispensable."
ATllKN KfM.
ENGLISH
CATALOGUE
OF BOOKS
FOR Tin: vi: \i:s
1901, 1902, 1903,
1904, and 1905.
Those five years will form a royal 8vo volume of
over 1,300 pages, which is approaching completion.
It will be published at the
PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR OFFICE,
St. Dunstan'a House, Fetter Lane
784
TH E ATHENJEUM
N*4105, Jim; 80, 1906
LOVELL REEVE & CO.'S
L I 8 T.
PLANTS OF
l.\r nj i I WITH 1 1 OLOOBKD H.\ I
THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. Hand-
i th Dea riptlon*, Bti m tui il ml Mi-t
I . I'lanu aulUMe t..i the U .i.l. ii -
i \,, sii w T. TllisKl.r.iN OYER. K.C.M U
>i ..I the Itojrnl II.. I mi. UnnleDl, K. »
. i\ >i:i;ik>. «u net tfonthb Kiih .. Hand
. Anitu.il BubeCl i|'t 1
\HV NKXT fl KKK. Bit, net
A NEW AND COMPLETE INDEX TO THE
■Mi \i, MAGAZINE Poll I cxxx. oomprlglnj tht
i« »hl. Ii i- prefixed :i II
w BOTTINU ME.MM.I.V
KHAI'V BOW,
CATALOGUE OF THE
\..\ AND OF Tin: ADJACENT PORTIONS OP
UAKHWAL \M> I'ir.ET B] l.i.-ui . <;,n. Sir RICHARD
v iik\ end J t i'i inn: it, net
Nov READY, vol.. iv. HEOTION 11 part OL, at. sd, net.
FLORA OF TROPICAL AFRICA. By D.
OLIVES l' 1; s v,.ls. 1. t.. Hi. 30a. each net. The OOH
TINCATION IMii.-.l l.y Sir W T THI8ELTON1JYER, F.R.S.
. t. Vol l\ Sect 1 1. Parte I and II .
ad nel Vol VII., -:• •>'. "■ i Vol \ 111..
net. Published under t lie autlmritv of the Secretary ot
stale 101 the Oolonlee.
RECENTLY PUBLISHED.
THE USES OF BRITISH PLANTS, traced
\ 1 1 1 i ■ 1 ■. i i t \ to the Preterit Day, together with tin1 Derivation
Nun- By the Rev. Prof. U. HENSLOW, M A. F.L.S.,
BS8 Illustrations, it- Si net.
Ni:\V EDITION, REVISED AND MICH ENLARGED.
FLORA OF HAMPSHIRE, including the
.'. i.'lit A Lift at the Flowering Plantt and Ferns found
1 .mntv ..: Southampton, with Localities <>r the Less common
By F. TOWNSEND, H.A. F.L.S New Edition. With
loured Map mounted on linen, and -^ Plates (1
t tloured . mt, net
HANDBOOK OF THE BRITISH FLORA.
B i. BENTHAM, F.R.S. Revised fay Sir J. D. HOOKER, C.B.
l'K.S. Eighth Edition. 98. net.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BRITISH
FLORA. Drawn by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., and W.O.SMITH,
1" I. s i.:ilo Wood Engravings, sixth Edition. M. net
BRITISH GRASSES : an Introduction to the
of the Graminere of Great Britain and Ireland. By M.
PLUE3. With I'i Coloured Plates and HW Wood Engravings.
St. net.
BRITISH FERNS : an Introduction to the
Study of the Ferns, Lyoopods, and Equiseta of the British Isles.
With Chapters on the Structure, Propagation, Uses, and Preserva-
tion of Ferns, liy M. FLUES. With 16 Coloured Plates and 55
v id Engravings. 98.net.
BRITISH SEAWEEDS: an Introduction to
SI udy of the Marine Algie of Great Britain, Ireland, and the
Channel Islands. By S. O. GRAY. With lo Coloured Plates.
',.- net
SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH MOSSES,
ining Descriptions of all Genera, and Species found in Great
and Ireland. By CHARLES P. UOBK1RK. F.L.S. New
Edition. Revised. Us. W. net.
BRITISH MOSSES, containing all that are
known to lie Natives of the British Isles.
BERKELEY, M. A. F.L.S. Second Edition.
By the Rev. M. J.
lil Coloured Plates.
BRITISH FUNG0L0GY. By the Rev. M. J.
BERKELEY. M A. F.L.S. With a Supplement of nearly 400 pp.
by WORTHINGTON G SMITH. F.L.S.. bringing the Work down
to the Present state of Science. 'J vols. -24 Coloured Plates. Mt.
net The SUPPLEMENT separately, 12a. net.
BRITISH INSECTS: a Familiar Description
of the Form, Structure, Habits, and Transformations of bisects.
Hv k. P. stavklkv. With 16 Coloured Plates and numerous
I Engrai Logs. 12a net.
BRITISH BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS:
an Introduction to the Stu.lv of our Native Lepidoptera. Ity 11. P.
kJNTOB Srr.iiidEditi,ni. 16 Coloured Plates, Bt.net,
BRITISH BEETLES : an Introduction to the
of "ur Indigenous Ooleoptera By 0, E. RYE. Second
m, Revised by the Rev, Canon FOWLER. 16 Coloured
Plate-. H-. net.
BRITISH BEES: an Introduction to the
Study of the Natural Historyand Economy of the Bees Indigenous
to the British teles. By W. E. SHUCKHAAD. 16 Coloured
I'll' is, and Woodcuts of Dissections. '.'*. net.
BRITISH SPIDERS : anilntroduction to the
Study of the Araneidic found in Great Britain and Ireland. By
i: l 9TAVELEY. l« Coloured Plates and M Wood Engravings
BRITISH ZOOPHYTES: an Introduction to
the llv.lroi.la, Actlnozoa, and Polyxoe found in Great Britain,
I. and the Channel Islands. By A. S. PENNINGTON,
F.L.S B4 Plates, Bs.net
COLLECTIONS AND RECOLLECTIONS
OF NATURAL HISTORY and BPOBT in THE LUX 01 A
COUNTRY VICAR. By the Rer. G. 0. GREEN, With Woodcut*
from Sketches by the Author. Us. net
London: LOVELL REEVE & CO., Limited,
Pvblithert to the Home, Colonial, and Indian Governments,
(J, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
Mr. WARWICK DEEPING' S New Novel, BESS
OF THE WOODS, is NOW BEADY (6s.).
It is a charming Englisli Story of the Southern
Counties, and depicts the struggle between
duty and passionate chivalry.
THE SPOILERS OF THE NORTH. By BEX
BEACH (6s.). The season's success in America.
A rugged Story of Northern Latitudes.
THE DAWN IN RUSSIA.
By H. W. XEVINSOX. Demy 8vo, 7* 8d. net ; post bee, 7* lid.
" The finest book about Russia that was ever written by an Englishman." — ,v a
"Here, for the first time, we have a brilliant hook written entirely at first hand — vivid and
convincing Really a most comprehensive survey of recent history." — Tribune.
A QUEEN OF QUEENS AND THE
MAKING OF SPAIN.
By CHRISTOPHER HARE, Author of ' The Most Illustrious Ladies of the Italian Renaissance,' &c.
Profusely illustrated. Demy 8vo, 10«. (id.
" An agreeably written popular account of the Moorish power in Spain, the rise of the Christian
Kingdoms, and the splendid life-story of Isabel of Spain.'' — Globe.
" Nothing will repay study more richly." — Standard.
" Interesting as a romance, this work has all the solid value of historical accuracy."
Lady's Pictorial.
THE BOYHOOD OF A GREAT KING.
By A. M. BROADLEY.
Profusely illustrated. Demy 8vo, 10*. 6d. net (post free 11*.)
EDITION DE LUXE, limited to 12.5 Copies, with 8 Additional Photogravures, Hand-made
Paper, imperial 4to, 42s. net.
" A mass of information about the early years of King Edward VII. The book is carefully written,
and is enlivened with pleasant anecdote." — Tribune.
" This well-written and informative volume has a distinct value as a contribution to the social
history of the period. Full of gossipy entertainment as it is, the book is by no means destitute of
serious purpose. "■ — Guurdian.
A MODERN SLAVERY.
The Present Slave Trade in Portuguese West Africa.
By H. W. NEVINSON. Demy Svo, illustrated, 6a
"There are few works which convey the picture of distant miseries with a sincerity so evident* and
a skill so masterly. It awakens imagination and stirs us to feel the necessity for action. Even the
most sombre chapters are enlivened by wit which, however, is in tune with the refrain of the book.' .
Tribune.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE
FOR JULY NOW READY.
MARGARET DELAND'S GREAT SERIAL.
THE AWAKENING OF HELENA RITCHIE. Illustrated.
MARK TWAIN AS LITERARY CRITIC.
JUSTUS MILES FORMAN'S NEW STORY.
ROSE LADY. Illustrated.
RADIUM AND LIFE. By Dr. C. W. Saleeby
W. D. HOWELLS ARTICLE ON
THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF BATH.
NORMAN DUNCAN'S COMPLETE STORY.
EVERY MAN FOR HIMSELF. Illustrated.
CARPENTERING IN THE INSECT WORLD.
By Dr. H. C. McCOOK. Illustrated.
Complete Stories, Articles, &c. Illustrations by Eminent Artists.
HARPER k BROTHERS, 45, Albemarle Street, London, W.
N° 4105, June 30, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
785
MR. HEINEMANNS NEW BOOKS.
THE DRAWINGS~OF
JEAN FKANCOIS MILLET.
In 1 vol., with 50 Plates reproduced from the original Drawings and descriptive Text by LEONCE
BENEDITE. Edition limited to 300 Copies for sale in Great Britain and the Colonies, of which 50
Copies are printed on Japanese vellum, bound in vellum gilt, price Six Guineas net. 250 Copies on
Hand-Made Paper, bound in English buckram, price Four Guineas net. The Plates are mounted
throughout.
*** Prospectus on application.
AFGHANISTAN.
By ANGUS HAMILTON, Author of ' Korea,' &c.
With Map, Illustrations, and numerous Appendices. Demy 8vo, 25->\ net.
An exhaustive account of the conditions of the country, and its relations with Russia and India.
The political and economic aspects are fully discussed. The general reader will be fascinated by the
sketches of the domestic life of the Ameer, and the valuable description of the Oxus, its fords, trade,
and the strategic value of the roads which approach it.
*** Prospectus on application.
"BRITAIN UNREADY."
THE WRITING ON THE WALL.
By "GENERAL STAFF." With Maps and Illustrations. In 1 vol. 3s. M. net.
"A book of warning free from sensationalism, deals with military situations from the profes-
sional soldier's standpoint of knowledge." — Standard.
HINTS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE COMMONER
INFECTIONS.
By R. W. MABSDEN, M.D. 1 vol. demy Svo, 3s. Qd. net.
A practical volume, designed for the use of the busy practitioner as well as for the student about to
enter on the practice of medicine.
LEO TOLSTOY : His Life and Work.
Autobiographical Memoirs, Letters, and Biographical Material.
Compiled by PAUL BIRUKOFF and Revised by LEO TOLSTOY.
In 1 vol. demy 8vo, with Illustrations, price 6s. net.
" There is much that is self-revealing in this volume We see the prophet in the making, the
genius in full ferment, and learn to understand better than before both the peculiar strength and the
weakness of ' the great writer of the Russian land.' " — Daily Chronicle.
FELICITY IN FRANCE.
By CONSTANCE MAUD. In 1 vol. 6s.
"The passages, and they are man}-, in which Aunt Anne figures are 'as good as a play,' and much
more exciting and amusing than most stories."— Scotsman.
MR. GEORGE MOORE'S NEW BOOK.
MEMOIRS OF MY DEAD LIFE.
By GEORGE MOORE. 1 vol. Qs.
NEW SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
Joseph Vance: an 111- Written Autobiography.
By WILLIAM DE MORGAN'.
The Sin of George Warrener
The Jungle
In the Shadow
By Marie van Vorst.
By Upton Sinclair.
[Sixth Impression in the Press.
The Sphinx's Lawyer ...
The Man of Property ...
The Bands of Orion ...
Things that are Caesar's
What Became of Pam ...
By Henry C. Rowland.
By Frank Danby.
By John Galsworthy.
By Caroline Grosvenor.
... By H. N. Dickinson.
By the Baroness von Hutten.
London: WM. HEINEMANN, 21, Bedford Street, W.O.
MR. MURRAY'S
NEW BOOKS.
THE DUKE OF ARGYLL,
1823-1900.
His Autobiography and Memoirs. Edited by the
DOWAGER DUCHESS OF ARGYLL. With
Portraits and other Illustrations, 2 vols, medium
8vo, 36s. net.
A VARIED LIFE.
A Record of Military and Civil Service, of Sport
and of Travel in India, Central Asia, and Persia,
1850-1902. By General Sir THOMAS E. GORDON,
K.C.B. K.C.I.E. C.S.I. With Portrait, Maps,
and Illustrations, demy Svo, los. net.
THE MEMOIRS OF THE
LORD OF J0INVILLE.
By Mrs. ETHEL WEDGWOOD. With Illustra-
tions, square demy 8vo, 9s. net.
" Every lover of mediaeval story knows something of the
fascinating book wherein jean, Sire de Joinville, recalled
his experiences with St. Lonis in the Sixth Crusade. It is
one of the chief literary treasures of that wonderful age.
We welcome the attractive English version of the work. It
is clear and unaffected, devoid of archaism, yet also free
from the complete modernity which would destroy the
spirit of the old book."— Morning Post.
A WEEK AT WATERLOO
IN 1815.
LADY DE LANCEY'S Narrative, being an
account of how she nursed her Husband, Col. Sir
William H. de Lancey, mortally wounded in the
great battle. With Photogravure Portraits and
other Illustrations. Crown 8vo, (is. net.
REAS0NIN ARCHITECTURE.
Based on a Course of Lectures on Architecture
delivered at the Royal Academy, 1906. By
THOMAS GRAHAM' JACKSON, R.A. M.A.
F.S.A. With many Illustrations, medium 8vo,
10s. 6d. net.
A NEW SIX-SHILLING NOYEL.
SUZANNE.
By Miss Y. HAWTREY.
WHYMPERS ALPINE
GUIDES.
The New Editions of the Guides to CHAMONIX
and ZERMATT are Now Ready. With numerous
Illustrations and Maps, 3s. net each.
THE MONTHLY REVIEW.
Edited by CHARLES HANBURYWILLIAMS.
JULY. 2,«. 6<f. net.
THE RACE QUESTION IX SOUTH AFRICA:
(1) BLACK AND WHITE 1\ THE TRANSVAAL.
S. A.
(2) WHERE THERE'S SMOKE I The Rector of
of Barberton.
THE COMING POWER Mrs. Gerald Paget
A LEAF FROM THE ADMIRALTY. Dora Greenwell
McChesney.
How DOES IT FEEL To BE OLD? Edward Marston.
A NIGHT IN Till: SOUSE OF LORDS. Michael Mac-
Donagh.
HYBRIDISATION AND PLANT-BREEDING. Arthur
.1. Bliss.
THE NEED FOB SOCIAL REFORM IN RUSSIA.
Lieut. ('. A. Cameron, It. fa.
A DAY of RECKONING. Ouyc. Vachell
INSTINCT IN BIRDS, ANIMALS, AND INSECTS. F.
Wngha.ni Newland.
calypso. Douglas Ainslie.
THE LONELY LADY <>F GROSVENOR SQUARE.
Chape, t B> Mra Henry de la Pasture.
JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street, \Y.
786
TH E AT II EN-ffiUM
N°410"i, Jim: :iO, 11*00
MACMILLAN & CO/8
LIST.
THE GARTER MISSION
TO JAPAN.
Bv LOUD 1:1 ID] -DAI. 1., O.GV.O. ic.c.ll., Author of
ol OM Japan.1 Extra crown mo, c*.
TRIBUNE. " l'hi' preaeiil narrative b ona of sburbbu
Interest Lord Bedewtale writes with ■ graphic pen, tad
the ch&ogei thai he chronicle* in the mannen ana cnatoou
oi Japan are little lew than marvellous."
HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS SERIES.
New Volume.
DORSET.
1 1:1 Dl BICK TBBVES, Bart <; G.V.O. CIS. LL.D.
Illustrated bj JOSEPH PENNELL, Extra crown 8vo, 8a
LIFE & EXPERIENCES OF
SIR HENRY ENFIELD
ROSCOE, D.C.L. LL.D. F.R.S.
Written bj HIMSELF. With Photogravure Portraits and
other Illustrations, svo, 18a net.
HENRY SIDGWIGK: a Memoir.
By A. S. and E. M. s. With Portraits. 8vo, 12s. 6d. net
ENGLISH MEN OF LETTERS.— New Vol.
WALTER PATER.
By A. C. BENSON. Crown Svo, 2*. net.
A HISTORY OF
ENGLISH PROSODY
From the Twelfth Centurv to the Present Day.
BvGEOEGK SAINTSBUBY, M.A. Hon. LL.D., Professor
of Rhetoric and English Literature in the University of
Edinburgh. 3 vols. Svo.
Vol. I. FROM THE ORIGINS TO SPENSER. 10*. net
VOL. V. NOW READY.
POCKET TENNYSON.
In 5 vols. feap. Svo, limp cloth, 2s. net ; limp leather, 3s.
net each.
Vol. V. DRAMAS.
A HIST0RY0F THE INQUISITION
OF THE MIDDLE AGES.
By HENRY CHARLES LEA, LL.D. In 3 vols. Svo,
81*. M. net.
A HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION
OF SPAIN.
By HENRY CHARLES LEA, LL.D. In 4 vols. Vol.1.
Svo, W#. (id. net
POPULAR UNIFORM EDITION OF THE
WORKS OF THOMAS HARDY.
With a Map of Wessex in each except the Poems.
Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 3s. 6d. each.
Tess of the D'Urbervilles.
Far from the Madding Crowd.
The Mayor of Casterbridge.
A Pair of Blue Eyes.
Two on a Tower
The Return of the Native.
The Woodla'ders.
Jude the Obscure.
The Trumpet Major.
The Hand of Ethelberta.
A Laodicean
Desperate Remedies.
Wessex Tales.
Life's Little Ironies.
A Group of Noble Dames.
Under the Greenwood Tree.
The Well Beloved.
Wessex Poems and other Verses.
Poems of the Past and the Present.
MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd., London.
MESSRS.
HURST & BLACKETT
WILL PUBLISH EARLY IN JULY
VOLUME I.
HISTORY of the WAR
in SOUTH AFRICA,
1899-1902.
COMPILED BY DIRECTION OF HI8
MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT.
By Major-General Sir
FREDERICK MAURICE, K.C.B.
WITH A STAFF OF OFFICERS.
The Work will be in 4 vols. Buper-royal Kv<>,
price 17-. 6d. net per vol. to Subscribers for the
ontiie sot, and 21s. not pervoL to Non-BubsGrib
A Case containing '20 Maps and Panoramas
which have been specially prepared at the Topo-
graphical Department, Southampton, will he
supplied with Vul. I.
A Prospectus, giving full Particulars,
with Notes on the Contents and Scope of
the various Volumes, can be obtained at
any Library and Bookseller's, or direct
from the Publishers.
HURST&BLACKETT'SNEWBOOKS.
In 1 vol. demy 8vo, with numerous Illustrations,
price 10s. 6d. net.
ENGLISH FURNITURE AND
FURNITURE MAKERS OF THE
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.
By R. S. CLOUSTON.
SECOND EDITION, in 1 vol. crown Svo, with
numerous Illustrations, price w. net.
SIX YEARS AT THE
RUSSIAN COURT:
Personal Experiences. By M. EAGAR.
NEW NOVELS AT 6s.
FRERE'S HOUSEKEEPER.
By MARGARET SMITH.
LAW, NOT JUSTICE.
By FLORENCE WARDEN,
Author of ' The House on the Marsh,' ftc.
THE GRIP OF FEAR.
By SYDNEY H. BURCHELL,
Author of ' Mistress of the Robes,' &c.
THE SWEETEST SOLACE.
By JOHN RANDAL, Author of 'Paoifioo,' ftc.
THE PREY OF THE
STRONGEST.
By MORLEY ROBERTS,
Author of 'Rachel Marr,' fto.
A YOUNG MAN FROM THE
COUNTRY.
By Madame ALBANESI,
Author of 'The Brown Eyes of Mary,' fto,
HURST & BLACKETT, LIMITED,
182, Bigb Holborn, W.c.
8ECOND IMPRE8SION.
AT ALL LIBRARIES and BOOKSELLER .
THE LIFE OF
ALFRED AINGER.
BY
EDITH SICHEL.
Author of 'Catherine de' Medici.'
With Photogravure Frontispieoe and other
Illustrate
Demy 8vo, 12«. M. net.
TIMES.
"Miss Sichel has done a distinguished work;
her style is animated and sympathetic, and she
is gifted with a very atroi i oi dramatic
vision, and a most commendable habit of thorough -
DAILY TELEGRAPH.
'•She has attempted, and with considei able
success, to transfer to the pages or a lx>ok that
delicate and elusive charm nudity which
conspicuously belonged to Canon Aing
DAILY NEWS.
"Miss Sichel has done her work skilfully and
sympathetically This delightful book."
GLOBE.
" Miss Sichel, whilst treating her subject with
complete sympathy and appreciation, has an
ability to discriminate which is rare in a bio-
grapher."
MORNING POST.
"It may be pronounced an almost model biography,
instinct with sympathy and comprehension, yet in
the truest sense critical, giving the reader a sense
of completeness without the usual accompanying
feeling that this has been attained at the cost of
more or less prolixity."
WORLD.
" Miss Edith Siohel has commemorated a charming
personality and a gifted man of letters with an
equal measure of sympathy and skill in ' The Life
and Letters of Canon Ainger.' All who appre-
ciated his character and work have reason to be
grateful for her able, sympathetic, and judicious
memoir.''
THE NOVELS OF THE SEASON.
HERBERT MACILAYAIXES
ANTHONY BRITTEN.
SARA JEANNETTE DUNCANS
SET IN AUTHORITY.
GEORGE GISSING'S
HOUSE OF COBWEBS.
S cond ItnpraeioH.
J. C. SNAITHS
HENRY N0RTHC0TE.
S l --ion.
ARCHIBALD I "N -TABLE ft CO.. Ltd.,
London.
N°4105, June 30, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
787
SATURDAY, JUNE 30, 1906.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Five Fair Sisters 787
George Buchanan 788
Northamptonshire Families 789
Palestine Exploration 790
New Novels (The Way of the Gods ; Set in Authority ;
The Sin of George Warrener ; The Young O'Briens ;
Vanity Square) 791—792
Egyptological Books 792
Our Library Table (Life in the Law ; Wesley and
his Century ; The Golden Book ; The Heart of the
Country ; Sixty Years of Journalism ; John
Siberch ; Lhasa and its Mysteries ; Les Pierres
d'Oxford ; Pictorial Post Cards) . . . . 793—795
List of New Books 795
Oxford Notes; 'The Highlands and Islands of
Scotland ' ; George Buchanan's Schools ;
'The Age of Justinian and Theodora';
More Eliana 79e_7og
Literary Gossip 798
Science— Royal Society ; Our Stellar Universe ;
Herbert Spencer ; Everyman's Book of
Garden Flowers ; Enigmas of Psychical
Research ; The Theory of Electrons and
its Difficulties ; Societies ; Meetings Next
Week ; Gossip 799_803
Fine Arts— Greece; Old Pewter; Medallic
Illustrations of British History ; Handbook
of Greek and Roman Sculpture ; Manets
from the Faure Collection ; The Neav
English Art Club; Cairo Monuments; Sales;
Gossip 803—806
Music— The Handel Festival ; Vienna Philhar-
monic Society ; British-Canadian Festival
Concert ; Elson's Musical Dictionary ;
Modern Harmony ; Gossip ; Performances
Next Week 807—808
Drama— Gossip 808
Index to Advertisers 808
LITERATURE
Five Fair Sisters : an Italian Episode at
the Court of Louis XIV. By H. Noel
Williams. (Hutchinson & Co.)
Mr. Noel Williams has by this time
some considerable experience in the writ-
ing of French historical biography. He
usually handles his material with judgment,
and contrives to weave out of it a narrative
that is pleasant to read, being free from
any attempt at fine writing or pandering
to the taste for sensation, whilst showing
a due sense of romance and the picturesque.
His relation of the careers of the " Mazari-
nettes " — Cardinal Mazarin's nieces of the
Mancini family — is a very fair sample of
his work, though the sub-title does not
strike us as particularly happy. He does
not affect to have made any additions to
historical knowledge, and shows no great
fondness for discussing problems or un-
ravelling mysteries ; but the facts are
stated fairly, and, as a rule, fully enough
for the general reader.
Mazarin himself appears in the book in
a rather more favourable light than we
have been accustomed to see him. He is
the heavily tasked Minister of State,
subordinating his private ambitions to
hie public responsibilities, ea^er for the
advancement of his family, but sternly
refusing to accomplish this at the expense
of presumed interests of the Stale. We
get scarcely a hint of the monstrous
avarice and meanness which Arvede
Barine and so many others have dwelt
upon ; indeed, one finds his nieces not
infrequently cajoling money oul of the
Cardinal, who never, moreover, seem, to
have been bo shortsighted as to spare
expense where important results were to
be achieved. Somewhat unnecessarily,
it seems to us. the author varies his
accustomed practice by devoting several
pages to a discussion of that apparently
insoluble problem, the exact relation
between Mazarin and Anne of Austria.
He reaches, as one would have expected,
no very definite result ; nor was it neces-
sary that he should.
The strength of Mazarin's position and
his perfect understanding with the Queen-
Mother were signally exhibited in his
frustration of the young Louis's passion-
ately desired marriage with Marie Mancini,
the ablest and most amiable of the " Fair
Sisters," though not the most beautiful.
There can be no doubt that the King was,
for perhaps the only time in his life,
really in love. Even his mother
appeared to have failed to shake his
resolution to contract an alliance which,
apart from all else, would have shattered
the darling scheme of herself and the
Cardinal for terminating the differences
between the two great Bourbon powers.
Mazarin's appeals to Louis's regard for
the public interest (which was also, of
course, his own), backed as they were by
a threat to withdraw with his relatives
to Italy, would probably not have been
sufficient to secure the conclusion of the
Spanish marriage, without the very strin-
gent measures which he took to bring
pressure to bear upon his niece. What
was the ultimately deciding factor is not
altogether clear ; but it was probably the
influence of Anne of Austria as mere de
famille, helped by the discreditable role
played by Olympe Mancini, prompted by
her uncle and the Queen-Mother. The
Cardinal, on his side, seems to have been
more potent as the vigorous upholder
of his powers as head of a family than as
the wielder of ministerial influence. Apart
however, from his obviously genuine
devotion, not only to what he conceived to
be his master's interests, but also to his
person, it is clear that Mazarin's opposition
to the Mancini match was due in some
measure to the perception that the in-
fluence which Marie might exercise as
Queen of France would in all probability
be to his own detriment. He had no
mind to be deprived of power in his last
years by one of the least-loved members
of his own family.
The subsequent history of Marie Mancini
was romantic enough to be the talk of
Europe, but had no important bearing
upon public affairs. It is bound up for
some little time with that of her favourite
sister Hortense, whom she received in
Italy when the beautiful young duchess
fled thither from her half-mad husband
the Due de Mazarin. Though forced into
her own marriage with the Constable of
Naples. Marie was for some years com-
paratively happy with him. Yet she
seems never to have felt at home in the
land of her birth or to have ceased to long
tor France. Though Colonna may not
have actually desired, as she suspected,
to poison her. his subsequent conduct
certainlj Bhowed him as a relentless, if
polite persecutor. The Bight of Marie
and Hortense to France in a semi-piratical
felucca reads like an incident in a covh
from 'Don Quixote,' to whose oountry
the former made her way when unable to
obtain from her quondam lover aught but
presents of money and permission to reside
in convents at safe distances from his
Court. To do him justice, however, Louis
did steadfastly resist considerable pressure
from the papal authorities, applied with
the view of obtaining her surrender to
her husband.
There is an element of the grotesque in
the Spanish period of Marie's chequered
career. The unfortunate lady passed
much of her time in escaping from convents
and obtaining the exercise of royal autho-
rity to get herself received back into them
under pressure of her husband's repre-
sentatives. A whimsical passage from
the memoirs of Madame d'Aulnoy recounts
how the Spanish king (Carlos II.) on one
of these occasions was threatened with a
deputation of protesting nuns, and looked
forward with amusement to a procession
chanting " Libera nos, Domine, de la
Condestabile." Finally, Colonna, now
Viceroy of Aragon, having failed in his-
attempt to have his wife permanently
detained in a fortress, and likewise to get
her to take the veil in sober earnest whilst
he himself became a monk in name only,
consented to allow her liberty. In 1703
she paid a final visit to France, and was
even invited to Versailles, but for some
reason declined the invitation, and went
to Italy to pass her last years. " Marie
Mancini Colonna, ashes and dust," is
inscribed on her tomb at Pisa.
Hortense, Duchesse de Mazarin, the
most beautiful of the five sisters and her
uncle's chief favourite and heiress, sought
refuge from her husband, first in Savoy,
and afterwards in England, whither, some
hold, she came as an intending rival to
the Duchess of Portsmouth. However
that may have been, she obtained a
pension from Charles II. (whose hand
before his accession had been denied
her by Mazarin) ; and it was renewed
not only by his successor, but also by
William III. Waller sang her praises, and
Saint-Evremond was her most devoted
and extravagant admirer. La Fontaine,
though especially attached to the service
of her youngest sister, Marianne, Duchesse
de Bouillon, wrote verses lauding the
grace, beauty, and wit of Hortense, for
whom England, he said, disputed with
France.
The most prominent of the other sisters
was Olympe. Com t esse de Soissons. She
came to France as a child with a brother
and an elder sister, Laura, who married
the Due de Meinour and had a short but
happy life. Olympe was brought up
with the young Louis XIV., and was
probably one of his earliest mistresses.
She entered readily into t he designs of her
uncle and Anne of Austria for inflaming
her former lover's mind against her sister
Marie, but never iron ercd her own
influence over him. She was the inspirer
of similar unscrupulous, but less successful
intrigues against Fa Valliere, and was
accused by the notorious Fa Yoisin of
asking for her assistance in order to
poison both that lady and the King,
Mr. Williams decides that it wis
"highly Improbable " that the count*
7BH
TH E ATI! ENiBUM
N°4J0.i, Jon 30. 1906
act u.ilK attempted the orime, and
Mainly had, as lie sa\s. | >< .\\ ■ r t u 1
enemies ; but the la<lv was of a
nature thai was ad incapable of rooh
designs and she oame, it is t" be remem-
bered, from the land where toxicology was
studied for vciy definite purposes. On
the other hand. Saint-Simon's charge
against the exiled countess of subsequently
poisoning the Queen «>f Spain may be
unhesitatingly dismissed as groundless.
Olympe was amply avenged upon Louis
and France in the person of her soi),
Prince ESugene.
That Marianne, the inspirer of La
Fontaine and writer of those charming
rhymed epistles to her old unele the
Cardinal, should have been culpably
involved in the poisoning scandals we
are mosl reluctant to believe. Her crime
was probably little more than feminine
curiosity. At the same time her supple-
ness in assisting her uncle and the gouver-
nante, Madame Venel, to spy upon her
sister Marie, must be counted against
her in our estimate of the character of
the youngest Mancini sister.
Evidences of careless correction of the
press in regard to dates occur in the early
part of the book. References to autho-
rities are seldom anything but general ;
" British Museum MSS.," as a foot-note
giving the source of a letter of the Con-
stabless Colonna to Charles II. of England,
is. in particular, singularly inadequate.
On the other hand, we are given a careful
note, distinguishing Marie Mancini's auto-
biographical work, issued in Spain, ' La
Write dans son Jour,' from Bremont\s
compilation and the apocryphal 'Memoires'
published at Cologne in 1676. The author's
English is usually pure, but he twice writes
" put the comble upon," and he uses the
vulgarism " happenings." There are
serious omissions from the Index, the
absence of the name of the Marquis de
los Bal bases, represented in the text as
a malignant enemy of the Constabless
Colonna, being especially noteworthy.
There are something like a score of por-
traits, which are well reproduced.
George Buchanan : a Biography. By
(i. 1). Macmillan, D.D. (Edinburgh,
G. A. Morton ; London, Simpkin,
Marshall & Co.)
\\ excuse for the present work is afforded
by the quatercentenary of the great
Humanist, who was born in February,
1506. A still fairer justification is that
the author, as in his ' Life of Knox,' has
been successful in the presentment of his
subject in a brief and popular form. He is
frank in his admission that his book is
based largely on that of Dr. Hume Brown,
whose happy renderings of several of
Buchanan's Latin poems enlighten this
narrative. It is avowedly intended to
supplement the life projected by the late
Robert Wallace. M.P., and may be said
to mitigate, at any rate, our regret for
the loss of that bright intelligence.
The author begins with a little genealogy
in Buchanan i i e more important
than usual. His father wa~ a Celt and
his mother a Teuton. The prasfervidvm
i if/' in a in was balanced by tenacity. Dr.
Ma. Indian, him~< If of a kindred lept,
touches on the fact that his subject on
the Highland side was descended from Mur-
doch, Duke of Albany, and Dobel. In
of Lennox. Murdoch, be it remembered,
Was executed by his cousin dame- 1. m
the course of that great clearance which
left so many bitter memories behind.
When Buchanan called his pupil dames
" a true bird of the bloody nest to which
he belonged,'* it is likely that he WSS
referring to older grudges than the murder
of Darnley. In that age and country it
was impossible to rise above the clannish
point of view, even for the cultured and
the "' godly," though our author would
minimize his hero's partisanship.
In the first chapter it is pointed out
that " elementary and secondary educa-
tion was much more widely spread and
advanced before the Reformation than is
generally supposed. . . .it was the Roman
Church that established the schools and
universities of Scotland." Buchanan was
well equipped before, at the age of four-
teen, he was launched in the University
of Paris. A short and popular, but not
insufficient account is provided of the
antagonism between scholasticism and the
new learning, and soon after between
Romanism and the new religion, as pre-
sented at Paris to the voung product of
the Middle Ages.
The description of university life at the
time, with its Chancellor and Rector, its
" regents " or tutors, and its division into
" nations," will be found interesting. The
author has an eye for good scenes, as
witness the " interiors " he reproduces,
the symposium at Archbishop Gavin
Dunbar's, and the reading of " somewhat
of Lyvie " by the old scholar and young
queen. In 1529 Buchanan was elected
procurator of " the German nation "
when he was regent at St. Barbe, a testi-
mony to his popularity as well as distinc-
tion. His early studies at Paris had been
cut short by his uncle's death, and it is
notable that before his course at St.
Andrews and subsequent return to Paris
he had a glimpse of soldiering. The
expedition of Albany in 1523 was half-
hearted and unfortunate, but Buchanan
seems to have had some aptitude for the
art military, and acquired a knowledge
which stood him in good stead as an his-
torian. In his dedication of his ' Jephthes '
to Marshal Brissac he emphasized the
concord that should exist between war
and letters.
That portion of the biography which
treats of Buchanan as the famous teacher
and humanist is excellently done. We
see with respect his rejection, from dis-
interested motives, of a profession which
would have enabled him to cultivate his
special talent : his courage in opposition
to the corruptions of the time ; and the
philosophy which enabled him to compose
his Latin version of the Psalms in the cell
of a Portuguese monastery.
The author is amusingly cautious in
tri\ in<_' hi- own opinion on the retention
of classics in ouj day-, but i- enthusis
in his approbation <>f Buchanan'! Latinity.
There is no doubt the poems obtained the
applause of all the learned in his mil
daj : and in spite of some lapses, like the
false Quantity in the (ii-t stanza of the
beautiful ode on May. they must D€ I
with pleasure by modern scholars. Like
the author, we are inclined to Jar
Bannay'e estimate rathei than Prof.
Saintsbury's. But Hallam has given the
preference to Johnston's translation <>f •
Psalms. It is worth more consideration
than might be imagined from Laud.
tiresome panegyric, and Dr. Macmillan
might at any rate have given the Aber-
donian his right name. He has evidently
never read Johnston- eulogy of his
father's ancient seat on the banks of the
Cry:-
gens ha i ■'• I -'' nia hmphas
Arvaque per oentnm misaa tuetur a-.
Buchanan's fame as a satirist emerged
during his engagement as tutor to the
young Earl of Cassilis. who is lauded in
his history as a Regulus w hen he returned
to England after Solway Moss, but is more
than suspected of being in the pay of
Henry VIII. The ' Somnium ' is a free
translation from Dunbar, who has also
the honour of being in several instances
the precursor of Burns. But Buchanan
had weapons of his own : sometimes an
exquisite rapier, more commonly, after
the manner of his age, a club. In the
previous generation satire was aptly
known as " fly ting." As our author
observes, there are indications of playful-
ness ; these grim polemics were not all
ungenial. Thus : —
Ilia niihi semper prasenti dura Xeara
Me. quotiee abeam, semper abesse dolet,
Non desiderio nostri, non nueret aniore,
Sed se non nostro posse dolore End.
Of the dramas, the ' Jephthes ' has been
held to be Miltonic in its elevation ; the
' Baptistes,' bringing in contemporary
figures in a thin disguise. i> interesting as
indicative of the political bent of the
author of the * Jus Regni apud Scotos.'
This famous piece of prose was in the next
century coupled with Mariana's by English
'" malignants '": —
A Scot and Jesuit, hand in hand.
First taught the world to aaj
That subjects ought to have oommaod
And monarch* t<> obey.
But Scotland, from Dalriad days, was
a '" very limited monarchy.'1 For the
rest, the author is more enthusiastic for
the Psalms, and less appreciative of the
ethical value of ' The Sphere.' Buchanan's
own favourite poem, than we should be
inclined to be. His odes, including the
classical passage in that on Mary's
marriage with the Dauphin, seem to us
his best \erse. The ' History" is elo-
quent and trenchant, according to the
lights of Ins day. For the reigns of
dames IV. and V. it is also valuable for
accuracy. Its view of Mary will never
be convincing, being the expansion of the
' Detectio ' and ' The Book of Articles.'
Our author evidently believes the elastic
story with all its variants. With him
N° 4105, June 30, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
789
we cannot think that the high-minded
Reformer and Humanist, in spite of much
rancour exhibited in his politics and
polemics, could be guilty of forgery, as
Maitland might have been, or many
another expert " in the Roman hand."
But the professional panegyrist may also
be the professional " pursuer " ; the
moladh and the di-moladh, the praise and
dispraise, of the same person are common-
places of the Celtic muse. We imagine
that Buchanan took his facts from Lennox
and others, gave his own " artistic
merit " to his narrative, and was not
much more scrupulous than other partisans
on both sides of a deadly conflict. He was
getting " sleprie and cairles," according
to Melville, but his zeal for the cause
still smouldered. When his cousin told
him on his death-bed that some parts of
his history would offend the king, " ' Tell
me, man, giff I have tauld the truth ? '
' Yis,' says Mr. Thomas, ' sir, I think sa.'
1 / will byde his feud, and all his kin's,
then,' quoth he. ' Pray, pray to God for
me, and let Him direct all.' " We think
the point of this query, and the dying
man's reception of the answer, more sug-
gestive than our author has recognized.
Yet Buchanan stands as Scotland's
greatest figure in literature for more
than two centuries. No better repre-
sentative of Scottish learning than Dr.
Flint could have been selected for a happy
dedication.
Northamptonshire Families. Edited by
Oswald Barron, F.S.A. (Constable &
Co.)
The first of the special genealogical
volumes of the " Victoria County History "
scheme has now been issued. It marks a
new and most wholesome departure in the
way of genealogical research and accurate
heraldry, and cannot fail to be welcomed
by those who prefer honest facts to a blend
of myth and semi-fiction. Let no attempt
be made to stamp out any of the pictur-
esque series of tales that adorn the usually
received narratives of the dawn of many
old families. They have an interest
and a value of their own ; and though a
foolish strain of pomp and pride may have
had no small share in their birth, the fact
that the best of them go back to at least
Elizabethan days entitles them to respect ;
but it should be remembered that
they have no right to a place in sober
history.
This volume proves, however, once again
that historic statements can be as curious
and as entertaining as the fabled tales of
earlier days. Take but two instances of
this from Northamptonshire families.
At the age of nine years a wife was found
for Henry Fitz-Roy, the son of Charles II.
by Barbara Villiers. The bride, who was
but five years old, was Isabella Bennet,
only child of the Karl of Arlington and
heir of a considerable estate. This was
no mere betrothal of children, but a
downright marriage, performed by Gilbert
Sheldon, Archbishop of ( ianterbury, before
all the grandees of the Court. Within a
month the boy bridegroom was created
Earl of Euston, a title taken from his
child-wife's estates, and by the time he
was twelve he was advanced to the dignity
of Duke of Grafton.
Charles Willes, the third son of Chief
Justice Willes, of Astrop, became, by the
appointment of his uncle the bishop,
prebendary and chancellor of Wells, and
a pluralist rector in Somerset and
Warwickshire. He was close-fisted and
opposed to any kind of display, and Mr.
Barron assures us that his life yields
nothing more interesting than the direc-
tions in his will (1791) for his burying,
which was to be done
" in the most private and cheap manner. . . .
if I die with my coat, waistcoat, breeches,
boots or shoes on me, that my executrix
will be at the expense of paying the penalty
for my being buried in such cloaths as I shall
die in, and that I may on no account be
stripped of them, or that my body be pulled
about to be what the nurses call laying out.
But if I die in my bed with only my shirt on,
then I desire to be buried in a woollen shroud,
as is usually done."
Such a work as this, however, will be
consulted, not to make an olla podrida
of eccentricities of the well-born, but to
learn the truth as to collateral branches
and relationships of men of mark. In
this respect the book is invaluable and
thoroughly trustworthy, not a single entry
being made except those that have been
tested and established by sound evidence.
This most substantial volume of some
400 quarto pages, in addition to numerous
pedigree sheets and plates of family
portraits, follows on the lines marked
out some years ago by Mr. Evelyn Shirley
in his 'Noble and Gentle Men of England.'
Mr. Shirley adopted the very severe test
of including only those families whose
ancestors had enjoyed a seat and family
estate, in the male line, from a time
before the dissolution of the monasteries
in the reign of Henry VIII. Under such
a test as this, the landed gentry of the
whole of England shrank to a total of 330
names. Very many of these have since
lost estates and place, so that a new edition
of that book, revised to date, would show
a great falling off. The test, adopted
here, after much consideration, by the
committee of this scheme of pedigree
volumes for each English county, is to set
forth at large the genealogies of only those
families whose long association with the
shire has made them a part of its history.
For such inclusion evidence is asked (1)
of present possession of a freehold domain
of such importance as to justify the use
of the term " a seat and a landed estate " ;
and (2) of an ancestry in the male line on
an estate in the county before the accession
of George III. on 25 October, 17<><>. These
conditions may not commend themselves
to every one, but they are the outcome
of no little care and investigation. The
result in the county of Northampton is
that Only nineteen families are found to
stand the test of this twofold qualification.
They are: Cartwright of Aynhoe ; Cecil,
Marquess of Exeter; Dryden of Canons
Ashby : Elwes of Billing Hill ; Fane,
Earl of Westmoreland; Fitz-Roy, Duke
of Grafton ; Isham of Lamport ;
Knightley of Fawsley ; Langham of
Cottesbrooke ; Maunsell of Thorpe
Malsor ; Palmer of Carlton ; Powys,
Lord Lilford ; Robinson of Cranford ;
Rokeby of Arthingworth ; Spencer,
Earl Spencer ; Thornton of Brockhall ;
Wake of Courteen Hall ; Willes of Astrop ;
and Young of Orlingbury. Moreover,
whilst this volume was going through the
press, two of these families whose full
genealogies are set forth have lost their
qualification by the sale of their North-
amptonshire estates, one of them being
the sale of Apethorpe by the Earl of West-
moreland to Lord Brassey.
In each of these cases, in addition to
outline sheet pedigrees, there is a brief
general introduction, showing the rise
and general fortune of the family, as well
as an outlined account of the life of each
individual, so far as it can possibly be
ascertained. A coloured plate is given of
the crest and arms of each family, and to
this are added illustrations of the shields
of the principal alliances of the direct
ascendants of the present head of the
family. These heraldic illustrations are
admirable in their simple artistic feeling,
and afford a delightful contrast both to
the ordinary stiffness of heraldic stationery
and to the exuberant riot of mantling and
extravagant adornment that has of late
been copied from inferior German embel-
lishments. The claim is made, and amply
substantiated, that these heraldic draw-
ings follow ''as a model the simple blazonry
of the Middle Ages."
Another attractive feature is the series
of family portraits reproduced by good
processes. Northamptonshire is particu-
larly fortunate in this respect, for in several
cases, as at Althorp, Apethorpe, Burghley,
and Fawsley, great artists were found in
the past to paint leading historical
characters.
It must not, however, be supposed that
the attention of this work is solely confined
to the nineteen families just enumerated
and their alliances. In an interesting and
comprehensive general sketch of the landed
houses of Northamptonshire, some ac-
count, illustrated with their shields of arms,
is t^iven of those other families who, being
now at home on their Northamptonshire
lands, have been shut out, for various
reasons, from the detailed separate his-
tories. Such are the families of Bouverie,
Howard- Vyse, Tryon, Mackworth-Dolben,
Fermor-Hesketh. ivc. and more especially
Stopford-Sackville of Drayton House.
The Marquess of Northampton, whose
chief seat is at Castle Ashbv. will be found
in the Warwickshire volume under Comp-
ton-Wynvates, the ancient home of the
Comptons.
Admirable as this volume is as a whole,
it is not tlawless. In the genealogy of the
Cary-Klwes family, as well as in the pedi-
gree sheets, the name of " Bernard " of
Bigby, Lincolnshire, is several times set
forth among the alliances : it should read
Barnard. Again, in the arms of Isham of
Lamport the three waved piles ought to
be carried down to the foot of the shield,
instead of Stopping short above the waved
790
THE ATII EN2EUM
N U05, Jdmb 30, 1906
i. m athwart the centre of the shield ; at
all BVentS, this U the older form, which it
would ha\ <■ been ^ leer to follow .
It 'm to he hoped that another decided
blemish, the absence of an index, will not
be repeated in future volumes of this
genealogical series.
Tht Development of Palestine Exploration.
r,\ l\ J. Bliss, Ph.D. (Hodder &
Stoughton.)
Golgotha and the Holy Sepulchre. By the
late Major-General Sir C. W. Wilson.
Edited by Col. Sir C. M. Watson.
(Palestine Exploration Fund.)
Dr. Bliss refers more than once to the
"pilgrim's coma," "the pious coma
which appears to be an invariable con-
dition of pilgrimage pure and simple."
A somewhat similar obfuscation comes
over most of us, whether we are pious or
not, whenever we open a book on Palestine
Exploration. The subject — or is it the
treatment ? — is usually ineffably dull. It
ought not to be so, of course. Dean
Stanley showed how the historical and
religious imagination could weave poetry
about the sites of Holy Writ ; but Dean
Stanley was not a Palestine explorer.
Very few others have brought to the sub-
ject that " vision " without which not
only " the people," but (mercifully) books
also " perish." The lamentable fact is
that, with a few notable exceptions,
exploration in the Holy Land has been
singularly barren. It has been centred
on the identification of sites, not, as in
Egypt, on the recovery of departed civiliza-
tion by archaeological research. We do not
dispute the value of identifying Biblical
sites, though for religious purposes and
" pilgrim's coma " the traditional identi-
fications answered the purpose well
enough for a good many centuries, and,
indeed, do so still to spiritual imagina-
tions such as Lady Butler's. To the
devout mind all the Holy Land is sanctified
by the footprints of the Lord, and whether
one particular group of mud hovels or
another represents a definite site is a
matter of small moment. The eye of
faith reconstructs the picture out of any
materials. That was the point of view
of the numerous pilgrims whose records
form the subject of a large part of this
volume. They were not critical, they
enjoyed their coma as a Muslim loves his
keyf, they took their sites as tradition
gave them, without question.
From the days when Moses sent out
his reconnaissance from Kadesh Barnea
to the never-to-be-forgotten epoch when
the German Emperor viewed the Holy
Places, freshly gilt and varnished in token
of the condescension, pilgrims, explorers,
and writers on Palestine have formed an
almost unbroken chain. Dr. Bliss does
not tell us all about the 3,515 writers on
the Holy Land recorded in Rohricht's
' Bibliotheca Geographica Palaestina,' for
which we are grateful. He selects the
most interesting and most important
from Ms special point of view, and tells us
just enough about them to lix then place in
the history of exploration and to make
the reader wish for more. |)r. Bliss'fl tfWU
practical and scientific experience in the
excavations at Laohish and Jerusalem
justifies him in assuming the role of a
pilgrim's cicerone. He really knows the
Holy Land, and has minutely studied the
records of most of his DJN dei 6 KM
hugely, of course, in the delightful pub-
lications of the Palestine Pilgrims Text
Society and the serious records of the
Palestine Exploration Fund. We confess
we like those early and medieval investi-
gators a great deal better than the modern
tourist. Happy indeed were the Roman
ladies who found so excellent and sym-
pathetic a guide as St. Jerome, the
Thomas Cook of early Palestine circular
tours. The good saint himself wrote the
narrative of Paula's pilgrimage, and did
it, as became a cicerone, " in a breezy and
popular manner," quite different from
his Vulgate, so infinite was his variety.
Paula and her daughter write of Bethle-
hem as poets see it : —
" In the village of Christ all is rusticity
and, except of psalms, silence. Whither-
soever you turn yourself, the plowman
holding the plow-handle sings Alleluia ;
the perspiring reaper diverts himself with
psalms ; and the vine-dresser sings some of
the songs of David while he trims the vine
with his curved knife. These are the ballads
of this country, these are the love-songs,
as they are commonly called ; these are
whistled by the shepherds and are the imple-
ment of the husbandmen. Indeed, we do
not think of what we are doing, or of how
we look, but see only that for which wre are
longing."
Compare this beatific vision with the
modern explorer grovelling among pot-
sherds in search of a Mycenaean pattern !
Not that Prof. Petrie's " pottery-key "
is anything but a valuable check on chrono-
logical inexactitude, though we are glad
to observe that Dr. Bliss, who employed
it most successfully at Tell el-Hesy,
delivers some necessary cautions as to
the limitations of the pottery evidence.
But modern explorers have neither the
faith nor the supernal experiences of the
mediaeval pilgrims. Saewulf declares that
the precious spices with which the bodies
of the patriarchs at Hebron were anointed
" still fill the nostrils of those who go
thence." No such aroma invades the
archaeological nose, and the charitable
contempt which prompts the comment
" sancta simplicitas " is a poor substitute.
Holy scents, like sacred relics, are not
for the normal twentieth-century ex-
plorer.
Dr. Bliss's object is not to show the
present position of Palestine identification
of sites or results of excavation, but to
sketch in outline the general scope and
character of the principal travellers and
explorers. His lectures — for the book is
an amplification of the Ely Lectures of
1903, delivered at the Union Theological
Seminary, New York — will probably tempt
a few readers to dive further into the
records he cites but too briefly. His tone
is scholarly, and his criticism remark-
ably just and well balanced. He is not
afraid to indicate the limitations of
Edward Robinson, the (;«•..■_■•• Washington
of American Palestine exploration, whilst
fully appreciating hi- undoubted Bervia
aduranoe, hi- candour, and his judg-
ment. Dr. Bliss rightly emphae
Robinson's spirit of scientific scepticism,
hut points out that he wa- unduly con-
temptttOUS of tradition, and that his
attitude towards the "mummeries" of
the BSaster ceremonies at the Church of
the Holy Sepulchre v. prejudiced
that he " never visited the place again."
" Here speaks the Puritan, not the ex-
plorer," boldly (for an American -peaking
to Americans) says Dr. Bli<>. and it is
cited as one of Robinson's "lapses from
a calm and scientific temi Pull
justice is paid to the labours of the Palestine
Exploration Fund's explorers, and we
are glad to see that Col. (onder, whose
long and brilliant work in the Holy Land
has to some extent been overshadow 1
by his fondness for hazardous excursions
into philological and epigraphic wilder-
nesses, here receives his due meed of admira-
tion. The final chapter, on ' The Explora-
tion of the Future,' is at once suggestive
and cautious. Dr. Bliss gives some
excellent advice to those who would
pursue such investigations as he has
himself conducted, but he declines to
prophesy great results. He is disposed
to think that discovery in Palestine will
in future run in the somewhat narrow
groove to which it has generally so far
been limited, and will bring forth only
small things. At the same time, as he
says, there is always the chance : —
" Chance is your great discoverer. Chance
found the Tell el-Amarna tablets. Chance
found the Siloam inscription.^ Chance
found the Map Mosaic of Madeba."
Whilst there remains chance there is
cheer for the explorer.
In a future edition Dr. Bliss might
correct some misprints {e.g., Hectams)
and errors, especially in Arabic (e.g.,
Nasir-i-Khusrau, Kula'at Kurein, the
purely imaginary European plural Beda-
win, * the superfluous circumflex over
Bir-'es-Seba', and the omission of it in
Yarmuk, Beka, and Yakut). He might
also include in his notices of Mohammedan
travels the visit to Jerusalem of Usama
b. Munkidh, whose biography has been
voluminously and learnedly exploited by
Prof. H. Deiembourg.
There is a curious tendency in what is
known as ** the Protestant mind " to
discredit traditional sites merely becau-e
they are traditional. It is part of a
general revolt again>t authority. Of
course, many traditions are founded upon
error, and history and archaeology have
made short work of not a few venerated
sites. But in the absence of any proof
to the contrary an early and continuous
tradition is evidence that should not
lightly be put aside. The site of the Holy
Sepulchre and the rock of Calvary— for
the two are interdependent — has long been
a battle-field for the supporters of tradi-
tion and those who prefer any other guide.
A hundred and seventy years ago Jonas
N°4105, June 30, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
791
Korte led the attack on Constantine's site>
and since his time the scene of the Cruci-
fixion has been placed variously on all
sides of Jerusalem, though most recent
investigators agree that the site must lie
somewhere on the plateau between the
Kidron and the valley of Hinnom. Fergusson
the architect, indeed, sitting in his study
chair in Langham Place, dogmatically
pronounced that the " Dome of the Rock "
in the Haram esh-Sherif was the Church
of the Holy Sepulchre erected by Con-
stantine the 'Great, and placed the site
of Golgotha near the Golden Gate ; but
the discovery of the Madeba mosaic with
its plan of Jerusalem put this contention
out of court. But there are still " Gordon's
tomb," "Conder's tomb," and "Skull
Hill," in the neighbourhood of Jeremiah's
Grotto outside the Damascus Gate, which
are tenaciously defended as the true sites
of the Sepulchre and Crucifixion. It was
a valuable service — unhappily his last
— that the late Sir Charles Wilson per-
formed in submitting the whole of the
evidence, historical, traditional, archaeo-
logical, and topographic, to a minute
scrutiny. His intimate acquaintance with
the ancient topography of Jerusalem,
where the memory of his excavations is
perpetuated in the name of " Wilson's
Arch," made him a fit arbitrator between
the various claimants, and his admirably
balanced judgment and sound sense are
evident in every page of this elaborate
treatise. It reads like the summing-up
of a complicated case by an able and
impartial judge — and, like other summings-
up, it pronounces no verdict.
It will be remembered that there is
really nothing in the Bible by which the
site of Golgotha can be identified, and no
explanation of the name " place of a
skull." There is no Biblical evidence
that it was even on a hill, for it could
equally be seen " from afar " if it were in
a valley with the spectators on the
enclosing slopes. The " green hill far
away " of the late Mrs. Alexander's
tender little hymn did not appear to
any witness until in the fourtli century
the Bordeaux Pilgrim — visiting the
Churches of the Resurrection and the
Cross, the Anastasis and the Martyrion,
then already in course of erection — speaks
of the " Monticulus Golgotha." Why it
was called the '; place of a skull " is still
uncertain. Sir Charles Wilson inclines
to the view that it is derived from a
Hebrew tradition, to which Origen refers,
that Adam's skull was buried there. The
notion that the name relates to a public
place of execution by beheading appears
to have originated with Jerome ; but
there are numerous grounds for rejecting
it, apart from the extreme improbability
of Joseph of Arimathea choosing such a
place of ceremonial impurity for his
garden and tomb. The explanation that
the name sprang from a physical con-
formation of a rock supposed to resemble
a skull finds, of course, plenty of analogies
in other names for hills — if it were a hill ;
but the idea that it was a hill is late and
of Western origin, and Sir C. Wilson denies
that there is any feature that can be
compared with the various Kopfs and
Koppes and Tetes of Europe : the
Jerusalem rocks are not skull-shaped.
How, then, did Constantine and
Macarius identify the sites of the Cruci-
fixion and the Sepulchre ? The natural
explanation is that there must have been
a continuous tradition on this point ;
and there is nothing in the history of
Jerusalem after the return of the exiles
from Pella to make the persistence of such
a memory of the sites improbable. On
the other hand, Sir Charles Wilson remarks
that
" there is not in the works of any writer
prior to the age of Constantine, so far as I
am aware, the faintest shadow of a hint
that the early Christians held the places of
the Crucifixion and Burial in any special
honour, that they offered prayers to God at
them, or that they even knew wheie they
were situated."
Brushing aside speculations as to the
cause of this silence, the author lays stress
upon the tomb of Joseph being apparently
only a borrowed temporary resting-place
pending a removal to the family tomb,
such as all Jews wished to be buried in ;
but still more upon the fact that the early
Christians were intent upon the living,
not the dead — upon the risen Christ and
the expectation of His immediate kingdom
and the Last Day. In such a frame of
mind the empty tomb could have little
importance to them. Nevertheless, there
is no reason why a tradition of its site
and that of the Crucifixion should not
have been preserved, even though the
sites were not venerated ; and it was
probably upon some such tradition that
Bishop Macarius relied when, at the
command of Constantine, he made his
search for the sites, and decided that
Golgotha lay beneath the temple of
Aphrodite, where presently Helena made
excavations and discovered a rock-hewn
tomb, forming part of an ancient Jewish
cemetery, and assumed this tomb to be
the Holy Sepulchre. The subsequent
discovery of three crosses appeared to
confirm the attribution, and " the rock
was cut away so as to isolate the Tomb
and Golgotha, and the Anastasis, or
Church of the Resurrection, and the
Martyrion, or Great Church of the Cross,
were built." " The only possible con-
clusion," says Sir Charles Wilson,
" from a discussion of the literary evidence,
seems to he that there is no decisive reason
for placing Golgotha and the Tomb at the
places which were accepted as genuine in the
fourth century, and that there is no distinct
proof that thoy wero not so situated. Fortu-
nately the question is purely archaeological,
and its solution, one way or the other, does
not affect any Christian dogma or article
of faith."
If he is inconclusive in regard to the
traditional site, he is decidedly opposed
to the new sites advocated by Col. Condor
and the late General Gordon. He con-
curs in Dr. Sanday's opinion that the
arguments " are mere possibilities of
coincidence of a vague and shadowy
kind ; and they are unsupported by even
a particle of direct evidence." As for the
resemblance of the so-called " Skull Hill "
to a human head, Sir Charles Wilson points
out that the eastern spur was probably a
continuous ridge at the time of the
Crucifixion, and that the present knoll
which is supposed to resemble a skull is
due to the accumulations of a fourteenth-
century Mohammedan cemetery. The
site, moreover, is too far distant from the
gate of the second wall, and " Gordon's
Tomb " is probably part of a Christian
cemetery, though Conder's is Jewish.
A good deal turns upon the position of the
second wall, upon which the author offers
some important data. He has, of course,
availed himself of the latest investigations
of Dr. Bliss and Mr. Dickie.
The volume is edited with the loyal
care of a friend and comrade by Sir
Charles M. Watson, R.E., and is copiously
illustrated by photographs, plans, coins,
and an excellent portrait, in which the
stern expression characteristic of the face
will perhaps mislead those who did not
know Wilson's generous nature. There are
a few trifling misprints (as " coins " on
pp. 49, 61, describing a single coin ;
" are " for is on p. 81, 1. 17 ; " probaby,"
p. 101) ; and in the next edition the
bibliography ought to be completed by
the addition of the dates of the works
cited. The appendixes form a useful
compendium of the whole literary evi-
dence bearing upon the sites.
NEW NOVELS.
The Way of the Gods. By John Luther
Long. (Macmillan & Co.)
In an introductory chapter, in which the
author is supposed to carry on a conversa-
tion with an inquisitive Japanese god,
Mr. Long finds serious fault with the
critics of his books. He informs us that
not only do critics refrain from reading
the books which they criticize, but that
they also approach them " temperament-
ally." This is certainly a very bad state
of things ; but might it not be worse ?
Has Mr. Long considered what the con-
sequences would be if critics were to
approach his books congenitally, or even
gastronomicalty, as well as tempera-
mentally ? ' The Way of the Gods ' is
the story of a Japanese soldier of the
samurai caste who marries an eta, and
thereupon necessarily becomes an eta
himself — an eta being apparently some-
thing worse than a pariah. The soldier
dies in exile, and his wife, disguising herself
in his uniform, dies fighting bravely against
the Russians. It is a rather pathetic
story, and Mr. Long tells it in an unobjec-
tionable way, although his efforts to write
in a light and graceful style are somewhat
obvious, and, to tell the truth, not a little
elephantine. Still the book has good
work in it, and is decidedly better than
Mr. Long's preceding book. ' Beimweh.'
Set in Authority. By Sara Jeannette
Duncan. (Constable & Co.)
Mus. COTXS has given us of her best in
this story of Indian life. Tin- coterie of
792
tii i: athenjEUM
N"4105, JiNK.'iO, 1906
aunts and cousins ulm Mild of] the Libera]
Indian Vioeroj are highly amusing, both
in their aspirations, bo soulful and so
rague, and in then disappoint incuts, w hen
Lord Thame has actually to Lend himself
to some concrete work of the usual type
upon the border. The dialogue and
dramatis persona are wel] fancied on the
English side, and tin the Indian we think
no station with its inhabitants was ever
reproduced more faithfully than Pilaghur.
The sin of George Warrener. By Marie
Van Vorst. (Heinemann.)
<d\i;N a woman brainless, heartless, and
soulless, but endowed with physical beauty
and a craving for wealth and luxury, and
married to an honest and affectionate
husband, only removed from the com-
pletely commonplace by abnormal weak-
ness of character, how long will it take
her to work out the ruin, social and moral,
of both * Such is in brief the problem
investigated here — a problem which has
appealed to many novelists of various
nations. It is a repulsive theme, and we
cannot feel that anything in this author's
treatment justifies its revival. The paltry
nature of the wretched wife is certainly, at
times, analyzed with considerable skill ;
but the utter degradation of the husband
scarcely seems consistent with his previous
record, and the (by no means shadowy)
third is frankly a failure. Some of the
details introduced, especially those refer-
ring to the heroine's invalid friend, are
of anything but a pleasant kind.
The Young O'Briens. By the Author of
' Elizabeth's Children.' (John Lane.)
A family of undisciplined young people
from the wilds of Ireland, thrust for many
months upon the society of a Scotch
spinster aunt in a squalid little house in
London, suggests a situation which might
well draw tears from a stone. It is
possible that the narrative of their experi-
ence, which is told with much humour
and not a little pathos, but at too great
length, may draw tears from the sym-
pathetic reader ; but some of these should
surely be spared for Miss Keziah, who, if
more forbidding, is also called upon to
be more long-suffering than the majority
of maiden aunts. For the young O'Briens,
from the twins who are nearly grown up
to Sheila Pat, the impressive and pathetic
atom, aged six, have the true Irish
capacity for irresponsible mischief, and
also for showing irresponsible hospitality
to compatriots, who in London appear
to be mainly cabbies and costermongers ;
and their methods of consolation for the
desolating attacks of home-sickness with
which they are perpetually assailed are as
inconvenient as they are ingenious. The
young people are, however, charming and
healthy. The author is wise enough to
keep them children, and to leave any
future romance between Nell and her
English friend to the imagination of the
reader.
Vanity Square. By ESdgar Saltus. (J. B.
Lippincott ( bmpany.)
Mi:. Sm.ti's's plot is not Btlikingly new.
II' introduces as to a rich and indolent
New Yorker, who is supposed to represent
the highest type of New Xork smart
society. He has a wife with \csiivian
• ye-,' in spite <»f which he falls in love
with a beautiful professional nurse with
"starry eyes." whose remarkable name is
"'Miss Sixsmith." The nurse tries to
poison the wife in order to marry the rich
husband, but the wife, discovering the
plot, runs away from her husband, who
cannot understand the reason of her
conduct, he not having mentioned his
passion for Miss Sixsmith. His friend
Mr. Yoda Jones (Mr. Saltus is evidently
fond of peculiar names) hints to him that
he is a poisoner, but he fails to understand
him : and it is not until the family doctor
openly accuses him of having attempted
to murder his wife that he finally com-
prehends the situation. When he has
explained his innocence his wife forgives
him ; Miss Sixsmith marries an English
marquis, and everybody is happy. Mr.
Saltus has a strange taste in adjectives,
and invents words that are new to our
dictionaries. For example, he writes of a
woman who resembled " a rose chimeric-
ally fair," and of a man who committed
" highwayry." He has yet to learn that
this sort of thing does not constitute style.
EGYPTOLOGICAL BOOKS.
The Rock Tombs of El Amarna. Part III.
By N. de G. Davies. (Egypt Exploration
Fund.) — This, the fifteenth memoir of the
Archaeological Survey, deals with the tombs
of Huya and Ahmes in the heretic king's
mushroom city of El Amarna. These are
on the same model as those previously pub-
lished (see The Athenaeum, Nos. 3991 and
4066), and their chief interest lies in the
means they give us of solving small historical
problems, and of obtaining some insight
into the daily life of the Egyptian Court
under the Eighteenth Dynasty. Thus Mr.
Davies makes it plain that Queen Thyi, the
wife of Amenhotep III., did occupy a pecu-
liarly exalted position at the Court of her
son Khuenaten, and that she at least had
no scruple about conforming publicly to the
new faith. As Huya was her chamberlain
as well as " favourite of the king," it may
be that the official status of the queen mother
is given rather undue preference on the
walls of his tomb ; but her attitude towards
" the Doctrine " is in marked contrast to
that of the king's sister Nezemut-Mut, and
the naming of her own daughter Beket-Aten
shows plainly that she shared the king's
devotion to the new object of his worship.
For the rest, Mr. Davies will have nothing
to do with the Supposed identification of this
Huya with the " Khua, my messenger,"
mentioned in one of the Tel el Amarna
letters of Burnaburias, King of Kardunias
(Babylon), and points out, following herein
Prof. Steindorff, that this name would in the
ordinary way be transliterated in Egyptian as
Khay. Of Ahmes the scribe, whose tomb
completes the volume, we know nothing
whatever.
The pictures presented in the frescoes of the
domestic life of Khuenaten are. however,
extremely frank and detailed. Tho affection
which the Pharaob
exhibiting for hi- wi'
in the fact that even in the chariot tl
arm is placed round the husband's v.,
while Ins iiifunt daughter regards the prase-
in).' horses with a distruflt which her futi
verj digagi method oi driving can )>•■
httle to remove. In the royal banqueta, of
which many examples are here Bhown, full
justice is done to the Pharaonic appetite,
Khuenaten being depicted a- gnawing a
hone as long as his arm : while Huya as
chamberlain is portrayed in the act of
"tasting" an array of dishes formidable
enough tor a Lord Mayor's feast. The
youthful princesses are m the sai:
accommodated with low stools and tabll -,
and frequently receive food from their
parents' hands, though in the banquet
which takes place by candlelight they are
not allowed the use oi wine. A careful study
by Mr. Seymour de Ricci of the <■.
graffiti that have been scribbled over tho
tombs by tourists in Alexandrian timet
appended.
Catalogue of the Coptic Manuscripts in the
British Museum. By W. E. (ruin. (British
Museum.) — The magnificent collection of
Coptic MSS. in our national repository has
at last received adequate treatment, and
Sir Robert Douglas, the Keeper of Oriental
Books, may be congratulated on his wisdom
in entrusting the cataloguing of them to the
capable hands of Mr. Cruin. Their number
has much increased of late, most of the
Museum's acquisitions in this respect being
due, as Mr. Crum tells us, to the energy of
the present Keeper of Egyptian Antiquit
Dr. Budge. The catalogue divides them
into the four dialects of Sahidic, Akhmimic,
Middle Egyptian, and Bohairic, and the
cross-divisions follow the arrangement of
the other catalogues of MSS. in the British
Museum by appearing as Biblical, Liturgical,
Historical, Magical, and the like. Of the first
class little is to be said, as the Biblical texts
here given are merely fragmentary ; a great
many of them consist of single leaves, and
most of them have been published elsewhere.
Among the earlier liturgical fragments are
some curious monastic rules, including one
where the brethren are enjoined not to cross
one leg over the other when sitting either
alone or among other men, as do those of
this world. There is also a sermon by
Eusebius of Ca?sarea on the Canaanitish
woman, wherein woman is denounced as
'* the devil's chief weapon." and we are
asked to admire the faith of the subject in
seeking help where she did when " she mi^ht
have gone to the magicians." There are
also some others by the celebrated Shenoute
that Mr. Crum confesses to be obscure, in-
cluding one where the Maniclavan heresy is
denounced. In the historical section we find
mostly the lives of saints and martyrs,
generally garnished with miraculous and
impossible details and fully bearing out the
contention of certain scholars that the Coptic
script was in the early centuries used almost
exclusively by Christian converts, to whom
the many mythological allusions of the
hieroglyphic or its descendants were dis-
tasteful. The magical series is well repre-
sented in the first place by the ' Pistis
Sophia,' or collection of Gnostic gospels
which still waits a competent English editor,
and then by a fair number of spells or charms
indited by Christian Egyptians. Of tip
one in a Fayum dialect came into the
Museum with some Hebrew fragments from
the Cairo Genizeh, and does not seem to
have been yet published. It contains,
besides the sacred monogram and names
used in Jewish magic (such as Iao, Sabaoth,
and Adonai and one apparently reading
N° 4105, June 30, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
793
titalska, and not heretofore met with), the
old palindrome of " sator arepo tenet opera
rotas, ' ' and appears to ha ve been made for Sura,
the daughter of Pelcha. A later ono, which
Mr. Crum thinks may be dated in the seventh
or eighth century, though commencing with
the Labarum, makes the magician declare
himself, in true Egyptian fashion, to be
"Maria" (or Mary), and to invoke the
unseen Bainchooch (probably Hermes), Set-
Typhon, and many other gods or demons
of the " Gnostic " pantheon. Much more
could be said on this subject, did space
allow.
Coptic and Greek Texts of the Christian
Period from Ostraka, dsc. By H. R. Hall.
(British Museum.) — These also are from
documents in the national collections, being,
for tho most part, inscriptions on fragments
of pottery which were used, in the scarcity
of parchment or papyrus, for the scribbling
of letters, receipts, and schoolboy exercises.
Some of the letters are curious, such as the
one where a certain Paul thanks Apa
(Father) Kyrikos for his written permission
to beat some persons who have " laid stick "
on him, and then asks their names, as he is
apparently ignorant of them. There is
also a formal acknowledgment by a monk,
probably on behalf of some monastery,
witnessing that " we " are indebted to a
camel-driver named Phoibamon for a solidus
for his pay " till the time when God shall
give it to us to give to him." Yet another
appears to be a formal deed of exchange,
abounding in (Greek) legal terms, relating to
a cloak (kalabi : compare the modern
galabeeah), purchased apparently by the
cession of a melting pot. Among those
printed are several epitaphs from grave-
stones, which, as the editor remarks, show
the survival of many distinctly pagan beliefs
into Christian times. The same fact is
attested by the proper names found through-
out, which bear witness that, as late as the
eighth century, nearly half the names in
use among the lower class of natives remained
Egyptian, and that even among ecclesiastics
names suggesting either the Egyptian or
Greek mythology, such as Amon, Apollo,
and the like, were common. The work of
transcription and translation, which the bad
state of the texts must have often rendered
very tedious, has been excellently performed
by Mr. Hall ; but it is curious that while the
Catalogue noticed above gives the Coptic words
in the handsome square type now generally
adopted when possible, this volume, also a
Museum publication, uses the old sprawling
letters employed in the earliest Coptic founts,
and copied from late and debased MSS. in
the Bashmuric dialect. L i_ -;_
Conferences faites au Musee Guimct. Par
Emile Guimet. (Paris, Leroux.) — This little
volume (one of the excellent " Bibliotheque
de Vulgarisation " published by the museum
which bears the name of the lecturer) con-
tains the lectures delivered during the past
year at the handsome building in the Avenue
d'lena, which must have often caused the
curators of other loss-favourod nationalities
to be consumed with envy. One of them
is on the so-called "vocal" statue of
Memnon, which M. Guimet has no trouble
in showing to have been a colossus of
Amenophis TIL, and to have no more to do
with the Memnon whom Homer represents
as fighting before Troy than with the
Emperor napoleon. But this text gives
him the opportunity for a very agreeable
i polished discourse in which he traces
the Memnonian tradition from the time ,.i
Strabo, gives us the words of I'hilost rut us
on the point, brings in Julia Domna as one
of the introducers of the Greek worship of
the Egyptian God Serapis into Italy, and
concludes with some sensible remarks upon
the prevalence of superstitions in all ages.
The lecture is typical of many in the book,
and as these discourses are delivered every
Sunday throughout the season, and. after the
usual French fashion, are open to all without
payment or ticket, it is to be hoped that
English visitors to Paris will be moved
to attend them. As the French is as perfect
as the information is sound, no easier or
pleasanter way of acquiring knowledge from
the lips of experts has yet been devised.
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
That much-liked member of the Bar, the
late Mr. John George Witt, K.C., has left
behind him just the sort of record that might
have been expected. Life in the Law
(Werner Laurie) is anecdotal, rather dis-
cursive, modest, and packed with down-
right sense. It bears a fairly close likeness
to Sir John Hollams's ' Jottings of an Old
Solicitor,' reviewed in The Athenozum of
May 26th. Both books advocate legal reform,
and the common points in their criticisms
of the county-court system and the law of
contract are so numerous as to form a sub-
stantial argument for change. But Mr.
Witt is far more of a root-and-branch
corrector of abuses than Sir John Hollams.
He would substitute apprenticeship for the
Bar examinations, abolish expert witnesses,
and sweep away the Bankruptcy Act. At
the same time he stands up stoutly for his
profession, and scathingly describes the Land
Transfer Office as "a big building run up
at a huge expense in order that a pack of
officials may try their raw hands at Govern-
ment transfer of real property, and supersede
the skill and wisdom of counsel and solicitors. "
You may agree or disagree with Mr. Witt, but
you cannot refrain from admiring the robust-
ness of his opinions. ' Life in the Law '
will be chiefly read, however, for its stories
and sketches of character. Here again Mr.
Witt speaks out with decision, as in the
estimate that of the judges pre-eminent
when sitting at Nisi Prius during his experi-
ence of forty years, he would place " Sir
Alexander Cockburn, Sir Robert Lush,
Baron Huddleston, Sir Archibald Smith,
and Sir Henry Lopes (Lord Ludlow) in the
front rank ; and I would certainly relegate
Sir William Bovill and Sir John Duke Cole-
ridge to the rear rank." It is curious to
learn that the late Lord Chief Justice had a
tendency to drop off to sleep even when he
was Attorney-General. Some of Mr. Witt's
anecdotes illustrate questions of legal pro-
priety. Tims, after some highly sensible
observations on the proper limits of cross-
examination, he gives a striking instance of
the effect of an excess of forbearance. The
only witness in favour of a will was a solicitor
who had been struck off the rolls. "I
think, sir," said his cross-examiner, the late
Mr. Senile, "you were at one time a solicitor."
' Yes," replied the witness. " And you
are not a solicitor now." " No," answered
the witness, and down sat Searle. The jury
naturally thought that the man had retired
from his profession full of years and honours.
It was not often that a witness got the
be! ter of Ballanl ine, but a veterinary Burgeon
certainly scored when asked to represent to
the jury the noise made by a "roaring"
horse. " \'o." said he, "you see that is
not my business. Now if you will he the
horse and make the noise. I. as veterinary
Burgeon, will determine whether yon are a
roarer or not." We need not rob Mr. Witt's
vivacious little book of any more plums.
Bui we must draw attention to the inten
ing chapter in which he describee various
emissaries from the Confederate States with
whom, in one way or another, he made
acquaintance. Of them Henry Hotze was
a confirmed revolutionary with a most
romantic career. There is human nature,
too, in the remark of an articled clerk who
had charge of the witnesses in a celebrated case:
" If I do not give these Alabama men liquor,
they will desert ; and if I give them all they
want, they will be too drunk to give evidence.''
But, says Mr. Witt, he managed them
splendidly.
Wesley and his Century : a Study in
Spiritual Forces. By the Rev. W. H. Fitchett.
(Smith, Elder & Co.)— Of the making of
lives of Wesley there would appear to be
no end. Last year we reviewed Mr. Green's
valuable contribution to the history of the
Wesleys, and Dr. Fitchett now turns from
the study of ' How England saved Europe '
to add his name to Wesley's biographers.
It is evident that Wesleyans never tire of
hearing or reading about their founder.
This work of Dr. Fitchett* s lias already
appeared in the pages of The Methodist
Times, and now its publication in a separate
form shows that there is still a demand for
it. Dr. Fitchett in his introduction, ' Wesley's
Place in History,' states : —
"If Wesley has achieved fame, he never intended
it and if he built up one of the greatest of
modern Churches, and supplied a new starting-
point to modern religious history, it was with an
entire absence of conscious intention."
When he died in 1791
" his ' societies ' in Great Britain numbered 7G,0(X)
members with 3tK) preachers. To-day, Methodism
— taking its four great divisions in Great Britain,
Canada, the United States, and Australia— has
49,000 ministers in its pulpits, and some 30,000,000
hearers in its pews. It has built 88,000 separate
churches ; it teaches in its schools every Sunday
more than 8,000,000 children."
In Canada, out of a population of under six
millions, nearly one million are Methodists ;
while in Australasia every ninth person
belongs to Wesley's Church, and in the
United States at the centenary celebration
4,000, 000Z. was raised.
Dr. Fitchett considers that
" the compliments paid to Wesley are often mere
blunders. He Mas not, as Buckle calls him, ' the
first of ecclesiastical statesmen,' — a Leo X. in a
Geneva gown. He did not possess ' the strongest
mind of his century,' as Nouthey thought. Cole-
ridge's oft-urged criticism is at least partly true, he
had the logical, but not the philosophical mind."
There was no attempt on the part of Wesley
to add a new truth to Christian knowledge ;
his aim was simply to teach, as he himself
said, " the plain old religion of the Church of
England." Christianity at the beginning
of the eighteenth century Dr. Fitchett,
describes as " a circle of dead fibres," and
" what Wesley did was to pour the mystic
current of a divine life through the calcined
soul of a nation, and so turn blackness into
flame." Then lie gives " Wesley's secret in
brief " :—
" It belongs first and lasi to the spiritual realm.
The energy that thrilled in his look, that breathed
from his presence, that made his life a Same and
his voice a spell, stands, in the last analysis, m the
category of spiritual forces."
Dr. Fitchett devotes considerable space to
'Wesley's Theory of t ho Church." 'The
Effective Doctrines of Methodism,' and ' \
Year of Crisis,' when "Wesley was aban-
doned by Ms allies among the v lican
clergy, even his brother for the moment
failing him."
" Wesley yet remained, in his own person and
sympathies, stubbornly loyal to the Church. The
spiritual movement ox which he was now the sole
head should not, if he could help it. drift into
diBBent. Hut the last ties that hound it to the
794
Til E AT II EN .Kl'M
N U05, Ji ra 30, 1906
Churoh were being out on the aide oi the Churoh
it — - - 1 1 I
[nto this oontro\ enrj it is ao1 for as to inter.
I • ■ i t one oannot fail t ■ ■ see how much tli<'
Established Churoh would have extended
the number ol its members and it^ powers
<ii usefulness if \\ eslej and Ins followers hud
i- ii retained.
I >r. Fitchett has collected his tints with
uK.it diligence and care, and deserves the
thanks ol all interested in Wesley. The
volume i> illusl rated by a | x nt nut reproduced
from Romney's painting and by facsimiles
from Wesley's letters and journals.
The Oolden Book : LkjouIk of Saints and
Martyr* of the Church. Translations from
Mediaeval Sources. By Mrs. Francis Alex-
ander. (Nutt.) — The present book revives
four hooks published in the seventeenth
century, as appears from the original
title-pages here given. One, however,
is announced by its title-page as a new
edition, and there is no information
as to when it first appeared. The four
parts of the translation therefore corre-
spond to these four books. The first is a
compilation of stories from the lives of the
early monks and hermits of Egypt and the
desert. The second is a .similar collection
of legends and narratives from the lives of
Tuscan saints, followed by another from
those of miscellaneous saints. The fourth
part drops the anecdotic and legendary
character. It is a selection of brief lives of
saints, in the usual hagiological form.
Thus the main interest for the average
reader will lie in the first three parts or books.
They have the common seal of simplicity.
Compiled they may have been in the six-
teenth century ; but the stories themselves
bear in their whole style the evidence of an
earlier source, and are fragrant of the ages
of faith — ages when no Luther, no Renais-
sance, had arisen to perturb childlike con-
fidence. Wonders are related not as
wonders but as instructive and interesting
natural events, adventures which might be
expected to befall the spiritual traveller :
to fall among demons is no more than to fall
among bushrangers, to be succoured by
angels no more than to be succoured by
mounted police. It is the spirit of a gentle
brotherhood, unworldly wisdom, and self-
denial on which the narrator is intent ; these
other things are part of the vehicle, incidental,
too unconsidered to invite or receive comment.
The first two parts are those which chiefly
display this primitive spirit; the others
have more the tone and manner of dry con-
ventional biography. The first breathes the
spirit of the early Christian writers, the
second of the thirteenth century. Yet,
though simplicity is common to both, there
is a difference ; with the thirteenth century
we feel that indescribable effluence of which
the type and quintessence is the ' Fioretti.'
Perhaps it is more than the mere spirit
of a century, more even than the spirit of
St. Francis : perhaps it is only in the Italian
mind that this spirit can receive so fascinat-
ing an incarnation. Here, it is when a
thirteenth-cent m\ Italian takes up the pen
that we become conscious of the arresting
charm. It is more than simplicity ; it is
the unsmirched and virginal ingenuousness
of an innocently confiding child — a Para-
disal child, walking hand-in-hand with God,
and prattling holy candours by the way.
We have said " a thirteenth-century Italian,"
though Don Silvano Razzi may, for all we
know, be as sixteenth-century as the edition
of his book which is here translated. But
his sources, at least, must surely have been
of the thirteenth century, or near it. If
these stories have not the peculiar fragrance
of the ' Fioretti,' they have enough of a
kindred soul t<> taut relationship
—enough to make them the rn< nng
pari of the volume. Pot the charm ol tin^
unfretted, fraternally tender piety to the
tleashj questioning modern mind, and
for the homelj wisdom often sted
with its simplicity, the book is welcome
and readable.
The translation is good and idiomatic, and
excellently printed. But there- seem t<> be ■
t< u inconsistencies in the rendering of proper
names. Why has Alexander the Great a
councillor so unknown to English scholars
as " Bfestione " ! If " Aleesandro " is ren
dered Alexander, why not " Efestione "
Bephsestion ?
The Heart of the Country, By Ford Madox
Hueffer. (Alston Kivci tepping out
from the crowded path of writers of fiction,
Mr. Hueffer here dedicates himself to
in descriptive impressionism. His ' Soul of
London,' was an attempt to limn the great
town in brief sketches, the clever super-
ficiality and assertiveness of which deceived
admirers into talk of Whistler and "noc-
turnes." In the near future we are promised
another volume of the sort, and now we have
' The Heart of the Country,' a book which,
for all its demerits, comes nearer to justify-
ing its ambitious title than its metropolitan
predecessor. A note explains that portions
of the present work have appeared in The
Tribune.
We gather that Mr. Hueffer has laid down
a rule for himself in these descriptive essays :
though the views he expresses may have been
coloured by his reading, his attempt is to
depict neither more nor less than " his
personal view of his personal country-side."
His idea is that for every man some place
more than any other represents the real
country. It is a plausible contention, and
Mr. Hueffer puts it prettily. His appre-
hension is acute enough and tolerably sound.
The trouble is that he brings wholly exotic
and study- or salon-born theories and methods
to bear upon such companions of our child-
hood as buttercups and traveller's joy. His
preciosities of style and point of view are
out of place here. Still ' The Heart of the
Country ' is well worth reading, for its
chapters contain genuine records of impres-
sions received at first hand in English rural
surroundings. There may not be much
fresh air about the author's chosen medium ;
but that his material came to him in the open
we have not the smallest doubt. And for
all those amateurs of the country for whom
rustic life is a thing apart, like tapestries
and old brasses, this is as pleasant an inter-
pretation as their library catalogue is likely
to furnish for a month or so. The opening
paragraph strikes the key-note : —
"In the cigarette smoke, breathing the rich
odours of ragouts that cloy the hunger, of verveine,
of patchouli, beneath tall, steely blue minors,
over crumpled napkins of an after-lunch in a
French place oi refeotdon, an eloquent and per-
suasive friend with wide gestures was discoursing
upon some plan that was to make for the rest of
the company fame, fortune, rest, appetite, and the
wherewithal bo supply it — an engrossing plan that
would lender the Islands of the Blest territory
habitable for them almost, as soon as they could
reach the 'next street,' which, in most of our
minds, is the Future."
Of course, we arc not detained very long
in so bilious an atmosphere as this, but,
within a page or two. we have England
described as, for all outsiders, " The Land
of Pills." Later, however, we are pleased
to read that
"your clever man of the world set down in the
country is, as soon as he opens his eyes, confronted
with an ignorance of his own that will at first render
him infuriated with the ignorance that he meets all
round him. It will end, if Idk • on <.|»n,
in a modest disbelief in hut own mental i*'V.
That i ml and wholesome conclu-
sion. And, indeed, then are many bright
and pleasing thoughts here, I" ome
shrewd instS 'ration, and a pretty
ceptibility to the wiles of unsnun
nature. ' 'I he Soul of London' ra'
Suggested tl Uthor rated the to v.
man unduly high, from want of true com-
prehension oi his country OOUStn'l
attributes. Lot we have here clear contra-
dictions of those sue. me
evidence of patienl -tody of the man who
follows the plough. Mr. Bneffer's vie*
what journ. d sociologists call the
" rural exodus " is gloomy, but informing.
Sixty )'<nrs of Journalism At- "dotes
lieminiscences. By H. Findlater 1
(Bristol, Arrow smith.)— This little vol .
opens with the author's apprenticeship
to journalism in 1844 at the unusually early
age of thirteen, and from that time until
recently, when he bade " a lasting
adieu to press-work," lie wa-. he tells us,
"continually employed on newspapers in
different parts of the kingdom, in the var;
capacities of reporter, sub-editor, and edit
Mr. Bussey refers to the heavy taxes upon
newspapers in his early days, and tells us
that in 1856, while manager of Tte Sunder-
land Times and Shield* Advocatt . be " entered
into a contract with a paper manufacturer,
for the quantity we then consumed in our
two issues, at sevenpence halfpenny per
pound." Mr. Alexander Sinclair, in bis
privately printed ' Fifty Years of Newspaper
Life,' states that The Glasgow Herald paid in
1845 8$d. per lb. ; in 1855, Id. ; while in 1897,
when his book was written, the price of
news paper was lid., being a fartliing less
than the old duty. Mr. "Walter, of The
Times, once stated in evidence that the
three duties paid by that single property
amounted to 180,000/. per annum.
In 1848 Mr. Bussey went to Brighton, and
there remained until 1852. His first journey
thither was an experience of third-class
travelling by rail : the carriage had no
covering, and resembled an ordinary coal
truck, except that it had bare wooden seats.
These parliamentary trains stopped at all
stations, so that the journey occupied from
three and a half to four hours. At Brighton
he made the aecpiaintance of F. Y\ .
Robertson, and used to report his sermons
for a French lady ; and as he kept duplicates,
he presented them to the committee of the
fund opened for the benefit of the widow.
Lady Byron occupied a seat not far from the
pulpit, and after Robertson's death had his
bust chiselled by a local sculptor. Among
the lectures Mr. Bussey attended was one
on electricity by an old contributor to
this journal. Robert Hunt, of the School of
Mines.
During the Franco-German War, at the
request of Lord Glenesk, then Mr. Borthwick.
he sent letters from Paris to The Morning
Post ; and he was also specially engaged in
cabling to The New York Herald the la'
telegrams and special reports that appeared
each morning in The Times and Daily X<
One morning one of the three cables then hi
use was broken, bo that for several days there
was a press of work, and the charge for
each word rose to thirteen shillings,
" the two syllables Time* and News, denoting
the sources of origin, daily costing twenty-six
shillings. One of my cablegrams, sent in the
closest skeleton form, oost, I am told, between
4(H)/. and SOW. but it was delightful to see how
these scanty messages were inflated at the other
end, one of, say. two hundred words often filling
in 'I'll' New York Herald two or three columns of
type, a sufficient proof of journalistic skill and
ingenuity."
N°4105, June 30, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
795
Mr. Bussey has two stories about John
Bright's alhision to Mr. Lowe and Mr.
Horsman as resembling those personages
who took refuge in the Cave of Adullam.
In one of the London papers this was given
in a somewhat hazy manner, and the manager
of the paper referred to asked a veteran
reporter connected with the establishment
whether he thought the gentleman who had
written that part of the speech understood
Mr. Bright's reference. " Certainly," was
the reply. " There is no man on the staff
so ignorant that he has not read the ' Arabian
Nights.' " The proprietor of one of our
leading provincial papers was also " fogged
by the quotation," and sent a note to
the editor of another paper in the same
city, asking " for the loan of a Delphin
edition of Virgil, saying he had been all
through Horace, and could find no reference
to the cave of Adullam."
Subsequently Mr. Bussey " received,
through the kindness of Mr. W. H. Mudford,
the then editor of The Standard,'''' an engage-
ment on the annual staff of that paper, which
he held — partly as reporter and partly as
sub-editor of the evening publication — until
his recent retirement. We wish him many
years of health and happiness, and ex-
press the hope that he may find time to add
yet another volume to his pleasant reminis-
cences. We have two suggestions to make :
that in a new edition he would do well to
add definite dates ; and that many of his
friends would be pleased to have his portrait
to face the title.
John Siberch : Bibliographical Notes, 1886-
1905. By Robert Bowes and G. J. Gray.
(Cambridge, Macmillan & Bowes.) — This
little volume, following the Galen, Bullock,
Augustine, and Papyrius Geminus previously
issued in facsimile, completes the specimens
of each of the books printed by Siberch,
the first Cambridge printer, so far as our
present knowledge extends. Mr. Gray's
monograph on Cambridge bindings contained
a great deal of new information as to Siberch,
and its publication led Mr. Bowes to con-
tinue and perfect some work done twenty
j-ears ago on the subject. Besides the
peculiar interest of Siberch to Cambridge
men, this book throws some light on the
ways of early printers, and the facsimiles ii
contains enable us to trace the origin of
his initials and type, some of it coming from
Wynkyn de Worde and Pynson. The
authors have by their research notably
added to our knowledge of Siberch, and as
the book is limited to 125 copies, it should
be obtained without delay by all libraries
interested in bibliography.
Of the books dealing with Tibet as the
outcome of Sir Francis Younghusband's
expedition Col. Waddell's Lhasa and its
Mysteries was not the least interesting or
valuable. We reviewed it at considerable
length on April 8th, 1905, and we need only
say of the cheap edition which Messrs.
Methuen & Co. have just published that it
should now succeed with a much wider
public. All the illustrations (some 155 in
number) in the expensive edition are re-
tained in the present reprint.
Lea Pierres d'Oxford. Par Georges (Jrappe.
(Paris, Sansot A- CSe.) — This little volume is
neither a guide-hook nor a history in brief.
Rather it is tho attempt of a cultured and
sympathetic foreigner to define and explain
in ins countrymen the religio fori with which
Oxford, most perhaps of all English cities,
is invested. Lndeed, a more appropriate
title than the one selected would have heen
' The Soul of Oxford.' M. Qrappe writes
with all the grace and lucidity which one
instinctively looks for in tho best French .
and if he makes occasional mistakes of detail,
as when he speaks of " Eton or of any
other public house," his exegesis in most
essential matters is unquestionably right.
He is particularly happy in pointing out
the nuances of feeling which distinguish the
members of different colleges. There is,
however, rather an unusual number of
misprints.
Messrs. R. Tuck & Sons have sent us
several packets of Pictorial Post Cards, which
they are producing in wonderful variety and
profusion.— From the Cornubian Press we
have received some Cornubian Post Cards,
which present attractive views of the Cornish
country executed in a style more artistic
than usual, and should be popular with
visitors.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
ENGLISH.
Theology,
Ascent of Mount Carmel, by St. John of the Cross, trans-
lated by D. Lewis, New Edition, 7/6 net.
Chadwick (W. E.), The Social Teaching of St. Paul, 3/6
Commonsense Christianity, M. net.
Drysdale (A. H.), The Epistle of St. Paul to Philemon, V
Ingram (Bishop A. F. W.), A Mission of the Spirit, 2/6
Old Soho Days, and other Memories, by the Mother Kate,
2/6 net.
Sankey (Ira P.), My Life and Sacred Songs, 5/
Thornton (J.), From the Porch to the Altar, 2/6 net.
Law.
Trial of Eugene Marie Chantrelle, edited by A. Duncan
Smith, 5/ net.
Fine Art and Archaeology.
Fildes (Amy F.), Brush-Drawing, 5/ net.
Graves (A.), The Royal Academy, Vol. VI., 42/ net.
London Topographical Record, Vol. III.
Melamlra Castle, being the Report of the Manchester
Branch of the Classical Association for 1905, edited by
R. S. Conway, 5/ net.
Poetry and Drama.
Browning Treasure Book, Extracts selected by A. M. War-
burton, 2/6 net.
Early English Dramatists, edited by J. S. Farmer: The
Dramatic Writings of Ulpian Fulwell ; The Proverbs,
Epigrams, and Miscellanies of John Heywood. (Printed
for Subscribers.)
Elliott (Hon. V.), The Trustworthiness of Border Ballads,
10/6 net.
English History in Verse, edited by E. Pertwee, 1/ net.
Ford (John), The Broken Heart, edited by O. Smeaton,
1/ net.
Kingstead (J.), Chloris and Zephyrus : a Late-Spring Idvll,
3/6 net.
Lyra Britannica : a Book of Verse for Schools, selected by
E. Pertwee, 2 parts, 1/ net each.
Menpes (Mortimer), Henry Irving, 2/ net.
Nicholson (Meredith), Poems.
Noyes (A.), Drake, Books I. -III., 5/ net.
Shakespeare, Works, 6 vols., New Century Library, 2/ net
each.
Skovgaard-Pedersen (A.), Songs of my Land, and Others, 1/6
Tennyson (A.), Dramas, Pocket Edition, 2/ net.
Traherne (Thomas), Poetical Works, edited by B. Dobell,
Second Edition, 3/6
Young (Ella), Poems, 1/ net.
Bibliography.
Catalogue of the London Library, Supplement 3, 2/
Philosophy.
Miinsterberg (H), Science and Idealism, 3/6 net.
Political Economy.
Bonn (M. J.), Modern Ireland and her Agrarian Problem,
translated by T. \v. Rolleston, 2/6 net.
Dietzel (H). Retaliatory Duties, trans, by D. W. Simon
and W. (). Brigstocke, 2/6 net.
Johns Hopkins University studies: The Finances of
American Trade Unions, by A. M. SakolskL
Wright (C. D.), The Battles of Labour, 3/ net.
History and Iiiograjihy.
Avery (E. M), History of the United States, Vote. L and II.,
Odol. 2.r)C. net each.
De Laneev (Lady), A Week at Waterloo in 1816, edited by
Major it. R. ward, 6/ net.
Fosdick (L. .1.), The French Blood in America, 7/6 net.
Franklin (Benjamin), Writings, Vol. \TL, 1777-9, edited
by A. II. Smyth, 12/0 net.
Gordon (Sir T. I'..). A Varied Life, 16& net.
Hamilton (A.). Afghanistan, 26/ net.
May (M.\ A German Pompadour, 12/6 net.
Journals df the Continental Congress, i77i 89: Vol VI.,
1776.
Lome (Marquis of). Viscount Palmerston, Third Edition,
net
Etedesdaie (Lord), The Garter Mission to Japan, 6/
Reid (s. J), Lord John Russell, Fourth Edition. 2/8 neb
Victoria History of Berkshire, edited by P. II. Ditchfieid
and W. Page, Vol. I. (I vols. l.T, i.
Geography and Travel
Johnston (Sir Harry), Siberia, ivols., 12 net.
MO! 1"\ (G, ), Sweet Al'deii, 2 6 II"! .
Morris (C '. Seroes of Discover} in America, -1/6 net.
Stanford's <>' 'tavo Atlas of Modem Geography, 26/
Willson(T. B.), Handy Guide to Norway, Fifth Edition, :•/
Sports and Pastimes.
Dalton (W.), ' Saturday ' Bridge, 5/ net.
Hodgson (W. Earl), Salmon Fishing, 7/6 net.
Maclaren (A. C), Cricket, 1/
Mecredy (R. J.), The Encyclopaedia of Motoring, 7/6 net.
Payn (F. W.), Secrets of Lawn Tennis, 2/6 net.
Philology.
Bennett (R. R.), Medical and Pharmaceutical Latin, 6/ net
Hugo's German Commercial Correspondent, 2/6
Stati Silv.-e, edited by J. S. Phillimore, 10/6
School-Boohs.
Arnold's Home and Abroad Readers, Book IIIv, 1/6
Coulter (J. M.), A Text-Book of Botany for Secondary
Schools, 5/ net.
Culler (J. A.) Text-Book of Physics for Secondary Schools,
4/6 net.
L'Estrange (P. H), A Progressive Course of Comparative
Geography on the Concentric System, 6/ net.
Osborne (W. A. and E. E.) German Grammar for Science
Students, 2/C net.
Plutarch's Lives of Coriolanus, Csesar, Brutus, and
Antonius, in North's Translation, edited by R. H. Carr,
3/6
Rees (F. E.), Light, for Intermediate Students, 1/6 net.
Stobart (J. C), The Age of Spenser, 1500-1600, 1/6.
Science.
Alderson (F. H.), Diet and Hygiene for Infants, 1/
Alexander (F. M.), Introduction to a New Method of
Respiratory Vocal Re-education, 1/
Bailey (P.), Diseases of the Nervous System resulting from
Accident and Injury, 21/ net.
Bardeen (C. R.), Anatomy in America, 50 cents.
Brunner (R.), The Manufacture of Lubricants, Shoe
Polishes, and Leather Dressings, 7/6 net.
Diseases of Metabolism and of the Blood : Animal Para-
sites, Toxicology, edited by R. C. Cabot, 21/ net.
Gautier (A.), Diet and Dietetics, edited by A. J. Rice-
Oxley, 18/ net.
Gowans's Nature Books : Wild Birds at Home, Freshwater
Fishes, 6<f. net each.
Harrison (J. W.), Lessons on Sanitation, 3/6 net.
Haward (G. W.), Phlebitis and Thrombosis : Hunterian
Lectures for 1006, 5/ net.
Kinealy (J. IL), Mechanical Draft: a Practical Handbook
for Engineers, 8s. id. net.
Kirchoft'er (W. G.), The Sources of Water Supply in
Wisconsin, 50 cents.
Martin (W. R.), Lectures on Compass Adjustment, 5/ net.
Report of the Electric Railway Test Commission to the
President of Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 25/ net.
Shaw (T.), Clovers and How to Grow Them, 5/ net.
Skinner (F. W.), Types and Details of Bridge Construction :
Part II. Plate"Girders, Ac, 17/ net.
Society of Engineers : Transactions for 1905, and General
Index. 1857 to 1905, 1."./
Stephens (C. A.), Natural Salvation the Message of Science.
Townsend (C. F.), Chemistry for Photographers, Fourth
Edition, 1/net.
Transactions of the Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society,
Vol. XIX. Part II., 8/
Wiechmann (F. G.), Notes on Electro-Chemistry, 8/6 net.
General Literature.
Beach (R. E.), The Spoilers of the North, 6/
Benson (R. H). The Queen's Tragedy, 6/
Bindloss (IL), The Cattle-Baron's Daughter, 6/
Birmingham (City of), General and Detailed Financial
Statement to 31st March, 1906.
Bloundelle-Burton (J.), Traitor and True, 6/
Dean (Ellis), The New Matron. 6/
Dumas (A.), Vieomte de Bragelonne, 4 vols.. 10 'net.
Fogerty (E.), Scenes from the Great Novelists, Sd. net.
Gowans's International Library: Lytton's The Haunted and
the Haunters; P.unyan'sThe Heavenly Footman -.Jeremy
Taylor's The Marriage Ring : Lytton's The Lady of Lyons,
Off." net each.
Hamilton (S.), The Recitation, 4 '6 net.
Haynes (G. IL), The Flection of Senators, 6/ net.
Hilliers (A.), An Old Score. 6/
Hornung (E. W.), Raffles, the Amateur Cracksman, 6/
Hulbert (H. B.), In Search of a Siberian Klondyke, 7/8 net.
La Rochefoucauld (Due de). Maximes, 1/0 net.
Lytton (Lord), The Last of the Parous, Vol. I.. 7/6. (Sold
to Subscribers Only.)
Melton (R.I, Caesar's Wife. 6/
More (A. ('.), Radia ; or, New Light on Old Truths, 3 6 net.
Nicolls (W. J.), A Dreamer in Paris, 3 '6 net.
Walford (L. P.), A Fair Rebel, and other Stories, 6/
Washington Irvine's Sketch-Book, York Library, 2/ net.
Westcott (E. N.\ David Harun, New Edition, <:'
Wilson-Barrett (A.). The House over the Way, 6
Writing on the Wall, by "General Staff,'' 8/8 net.
Wyndham (IL), Audrey the Actress, 6
FOREIGN.
Theology.
Duhm(B.), Das Buch Habakuk, Text, Ubersetag. u. Erk-
larung, 2m. 80.
Hamad; (A.), Peilraizo zur Einleitung in das Neue Testa-
ment : I. Lukas der Ant, 2m. 60.
Heussi (K.v Job inn Lorens Mosheim, 6m.
Fine Art (7ii,/ A) chimin, ni.
Rembrandt, ties Meisters Radierungen in 102 Abbildungen,
herausgegeben von n. w. Singer, 8m
Rembrandt Almanach, 1006-7, lm.
Poetry and the Drajnn.
Shelley (P. B.i, Hellas, traduit/;u fSese franchise par M.
Oaatolain, 2fr.
Music.
Lederer(V.),UberHeimat und Urspruog der mehrstimmigen
Tonkunst: Keltische Renaissance; Hie Reformation
derTonkuns) lm 16 Jahrhundert,
Bibliography.
nd (I'.). Bibliographic hellerdque, VoL IV., 50fr.
Philosophy,
Klemm(o.i, (;. P. Vicoals Geschichtsphllosoph u. Vblker>
psycholog, .''in.
796
Til E ATIIKNjEUM
N" ll'»5, Jim. 30, 1906
i tries (i. .i.i. Robert la »<'it i-i urn Origins* da 1 1 i
. tt|M li.inii-. "fi. 50.
i uvjgnj fR .1. i. I n.- Pnge il'Hiatofre religieune pendant
Revolution: i. M ■ da BeUoy el la Visitation de
It II. !
Corbin (OoLX Noteael Souvenirs d*on OfRcler d'Et*( major,
L004, n
Lenimi (Francesco), La Origlni del Risorgimento Italiano,
1788
Schauta i\ i. H&ndelageachlchte dei romaniachen VUlkei
des MittelmeergebietK bin ruin ISnde dei Krueutige,
18m.
W tide K Ronaaean, PIaJdoyaralSarieaL,8f
Folk I
Gennep(A. ran), Mytheaei Legendee d'Auatralie, lOfr.
s. i, ill.. i (Im. Le Foli lorade Franca . \ oL in. I... Fauna at
i.i I fore, L8fr.
Philology.
\ i (\\ i. Wla iai .li«' Aueaprache dea Deotachen n
lehran \ lerte Auflage, Om. 90.
tut,
Rosenberg (W.) u. Strand (I!.), Japaniache Spinnen, 82m.
DielafH.), Die Handachriften der antiken Aertse: Part I.
Hippokratea a. Oalenos, Bm.
N. ui. inner (M. i. Oeachichte der Medizin, Vol I., Bm.
,,ii l/iterature.
Abdallab iim al-Mokaffa, La Parle Incomparable, Re-
duction Francajae.
Anrel, Lea Jens de la 1 limine, Sfr, 50.
Am (8. ill. Kntin ! Sfr. ."■".
15ut.an (H.), In Orage, Sfr. no.
Candil (Fray), Sintiendome vivir, n pesetas.
Coulevain (P. de), I. lie inconnue, :ifr. 50.
Daorelle (J.), La Troisieme Heloiae, Mr. 50.
Erlande (A.), Le Paradia des \ iergea sages, Sfr. 50.
Vincent (.1.), Petit IVne, Sfr. 50.
*.* All Boots received at the Office up to Wednesday
1 ing uill be inch. iled in tltix List unless previously
Publishers are requested to state prices when
tending Books,
OXFORD NOTES.
In* Oxford, if little changes, at least there
is always a Movement.
Tin- latest Movement but one concerned
itself with the reform of Pass Moderations.
It was proposed to substitute for short and
scrappy papers on three groups of set books
fuller and more searching papers on two
groups. Congregation, however, was in a
suspicious mood. It scented a plot to make
tilings pleasant for the idler. If the time
allowed for the papers were too short, let
it be lengthened. The Board of Studies
was competent to see to that. So the Board
of Studies has seen to it, and an extra hour-
is to be allowed for eacli paper of the in-
expugnable sacred triad. Small as this
change may seem, it is something to be
grateful for. From the candidate's point of
view, indeed, to have to write at greater
length and more thoughtfully might seem
a falling-away from that blissful state of
things when a page or two of hurried in-
coherencies was the utmost that might
reasonably be demanded in respect to subject-
matter. Nevertheless there can be no doubt
that the Letter men strongly resented the
insult to their intelligence conveyed in the
old-time style of fourth-form paper. And
the tutors, who have been wont to concern
themselves seriously with the Pass Modera-
tions books — the Philosophy tutor with the
Plato, the Ancient History tutor with the
Herodotus or Tacitus, and so on — glow with
the thought that their expansive enthusiasm
will no longer he incompatible with business.
The soul of the Oxford Passman, " cabin'd,
cribb'd, confin'd " (at least there can be no
doubt about the "ciibb'd"), is at last to bo
enfranchised.
The Movement in actual being is for
putting all examinations as far as possible
outside term. The saving clause "as far
as possible " is introduced because it is
frankly impossible to pen Honour Modera-
tions within the strict limits of a five-week
Faster Vacation. But for Final Honour
Schools, it is urged, there is "the Long."
Two months for LitercB Humaniores or
Modern History will easily come out of that.
If the "vivas" last through August, what
then V A tew more examiners hors de
combat. A few more abstentions on the
part oi candidates with ulterior • ipon
the Indian Civil Service, In exchange, one
cleai- gain. \\ . can have our Eight*, week
later in the term (when, by tin- my, the
Weather will he finer). Hut already. M is
whispered, the conspiracy is troubled with
divided counsels. The ascetics who gloat
over the prospeel of additional macerations
(with an improved ami authorized Bights'
week BS set off) liiid I liriii>rl\rs at logger-
heads with tin- curtailers of viva voce.
Wherefore, though mountains heave in all
directions, the outcome is likely to be some
ridiculous mOUSelel say, the Final Schools
postdated by a week.
Far more important than these matters
of examination routine, yet less absorbing
to the layman, if only because the ultimate
Bprings of University business are largely
hidden from his ey6B, are the alterations
recently effected in regard to the position
and functions of the Registrar. When the
late Mr. Grose was appointed, certain
changes were made with the object of enlarg-
ing the Registrar's sphere of duty ; so that
the present legislation may be held to signify
evolution rather than revolution. Its object
is to create for the University nothing less
than a regular Intelligence Department
with the Registrar as head. From the point
of view of the outside world, there has long
been a need for an information office to which
inquiries of all kinds might be addressed.
Despite the transparent simplicity of our
system, the Khodes Scholar and the friends
he brings with him seem, for the most part,
quite incapable of understanding its workings.
Nay, more, they are actually shameless
enough to draw an unfavourable contrast
between om* time-honoured ways of doing
business and those of sundry mushroom
institutions of their own. Then, from the
standpoint of the University itself, it was
expedient that order and continuity should
be imported into the conduct of affairs.
Far too much of late has been allowed to
weigh directly on the shoulders of the Vice-
Chancellor, and it was imperative that he
should be relieved of his more mechanical
duties. One detail in the new scheme calls
for special notice and commendation. The
Registrar will in future have no vote in
Council. This cannot but considerably
strengthen his position. Since he will be
in regard to Council very much what its
clerk is to a City company, he clearly ought
not to mix himself up with party questions,
and so endanger his authority as confidential
adviser.
The University accounts for 1905. for the
first time for six years, show a balance on
the credit side. It is true that this is repre-
sented by the modest sum of 51, Ms. Sd. ;
but a five-pound note to the good is at any
rate better than a deficit of nearly 6,000/..
such as we had to face in 1902. For this
gratifying change, we have to thank the
general increase of fees and dues introduced
a few years back, and not yet fully in opera-
tion. When the new system is in working
order wo may look forward to a moderately
substantial balance on the right side, though
doubtless as fast as the money pours in to
the exchequer it will be drained out again
to meet the fresh charges imposed by that
Steady devotion to progress in all its forms
for which, perhaps, we do not get all the
credit we deserve.
Those who complain that the ancient uni-
versities scorn, or at any rate fail, to meet
the requirements of a utilitarian agt should
acquaint themselves with the rapid way in
which the new subject of Forestry has. to
use an appropriate metaphor, taken root
in Oxford. Moreover, thanks to the muni-
ficence of St. John's College, there now
bthorpian Professor of ]•■
I'.. .to,, and Rural Economy in tin- p. •
of Dr. William Bomerville, than whoa
judge from bis previous record, no oi ■
better qualified to mal cess of the
new branch of study.
The Universitj i^ to I,.- congratulated on
its third Exhibition of Historical Portrs
These covered the eighteenth century
pre Victorian portion of the nineteenth,
and came almost entirely from our
walls. The earln-r pictures. mostly by
Kneller and his follower-, were compara-
tively uninteresting as works of art; but
this deficiency was atoned for by the import-
ance of the subjects — for example. Wren,
Addison, Pope, and Swift. On the other
hand, there was a fine feast for the eye in
the magnificent can1 I Reynolds ami
Gainsborough, the former being especially
numerous. Hut perhaps the surprise
the exhibition was Lawrence. His 'Lord
Auckland ' or ' Sir Thomas Le Breton ' held
its own with the best. Whenever the day
comes for a show of pictures of more modern
date, will Oxford be found capable of pro-
viding a like collection of maaterpjei
Hardly, perhaps. For one thing, artists'
fees are higher. A Reynolds shown in the
recent exhibition is said to have cost thirty -
five guineas, and a Koraney eighteen. Even
at present prices, however, to bestow a
first-rate portrait of oneself on an Oxford
college is a cheap way of securing immortality.
It may not be the affair of Oxford so much
as of the world at large, yet mention must
surely be made here of the latest find at
Oxyrhynchus. After all, Oxford contains-
Dr.' Grenfell and Dr. Hunt, together with
the 131 boxes full of MSS. still to be de-
ciphered. The results of a first glance at
their treasure were last month communi-
cated to The Times. Most of us are pro-
vided with brand-new material for leer;
and monographs. The theologians must
discuss the authenticity of forty-five li
of a Gospel. The historians have to dig
not only a commentary on the second book
of Thucydides, but also an entirely new work,
possibly by Ephorus or Theopompus. Honour
Moderations will be expected to elucidate
Pindar's paeans, Cercidas's meliambi. Euri-
pides's ' Hypsipyle,' Isocrates's ' Pan. j
ricus,' and Demostheness ' Contra Boeotum."
all represented by fragments of substantial
size. Only the philosophers are left out in
the cold, unless a few changes of reading in
the ' Phsedrus ' and ' Symposium ' are to be
held enough to content them. And more
will probably be forthcoming for all parties
when the boxes are fully explored. The
moral is that Oxford — and the world at
large — should put its hand in its pocket "to
complete the excavation of all the more
promising portions of Oxyrhynchus before
the concession for the site is given up."
This term we have had the pleasure of
entertaining many distinguished visitors.
His Imperial Chinese Majesty's High Com-
missioner, Duke Tsai Teen, and other
dignitaries of the Middle Kingdom, were
presented with honorary degrees. They
also were taken to see the Fights : but what
they thought "f the avocations of this place
of learning has not transpired. A number
of French professors and their wives spent
the day in Oxford, and. needless to say. were
welcomed with the utmost cordiality. The
list of the recipients of degrees at the
Encsenis included Lord Milner. though he is-
hardly to be reckoned B visitor, and Mr.
Haldano. likewise a familiar acquaintance.
We have also to thank Manchester College
for having invited over from Belgium Prof.
Franz Cumont, whose three Hibbt rt Lectures
on the influence of Oriental cults on Roman
N°4105, June 30, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
797
religion were fully worthy of his great reputa-
tion.
Perhaps it is by this time too old a story
to relate how Bodley's indefatigable Librarian
regained for Oxford the Turbutt Shake-
speare. Three thousand pounds was a
considerable sum to have to raise in a hurry,
and our deep gratitude is due to the sub-
scribers, notably to Lord Strathcona, Mr.
Alfred de Pass, and Mr. Turbutt himself.
Somerville College is to be commended for
again offering a Research Fellowship, despite
the many calls that must be made on the
funds of so rapidly expanding an institution.
The new Fellow — who, by the way, ulti-
mately hails from Girton (the women's
colleges of Oxford and Cambridge having a
charming may of exchanging this kind of
compliment) — will devote her time to the
subject of crystallization. M.
'THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS OF
SCOTLAND.'
Lord Archibald Campbell's letter has
to some extent made my reply to your
reviewer unnecessary. I would add, how-
ever, that there is some evidence of clan
tartans in the sixteenth century. Of course
dates can only be approximate. Tartans
were originally of the district, and dependent
upon the local dyes for hue. Thence, by
natural transition, they became the war-
dress of the clans of the district, and great
trouble, by all accounts, was taken to render
the setts of the fighting units distinctive.
That is an early necessity in the warfare of
all ages. It is impossible to give specific
dates for the tartans of Frasers, Chisholms,
and Gordons. The first two penetrated the
Highland line early in the days of the War
of Independence, and became true Highland
chiefs. The Border Cordons, who obtained
Strathbogie from the Bruce on the forfeiture
of Atholl, thenceforward pressed upon the
Celtic natives to the west as the king's
lieutenants, and in the result ruled Badenoch
and many another officina gentium. Lord
President Forbes in 1745 counted them not
as Highlanders, but as having a large High-
land following. Their tartan seems to have
been what is called " the Huntly " until
modern times. Barclay came north much
earlier. There were four offshoots of that
Anglo-Norman house in the time of William
the Lion.
But the more difficult question is the
philabeg. Pace your reviewer, I am not
convinced by Mr. Baillie of Aberiachan.
There is no clue to the occasion of his letter
or to whom it was written, or why, being
written in 17'is. its publication was post
poned until 1785. And what he says he
never saw does not weigh much against the
monumental evidence, and the argument
from common sense. In the same way I
would vent are to rule out what your reviewer
" never heard " nor " lias learnt." I do not
dispute that Mr. Rawlinson put his sgalaga
into kilts, or even that they cut off a hit of
their feUe mor to make them. Bui it is in-
conceivable that this hole and-eorner busi-
waa the origin of a fashion so soon and
generally adopted, and so obviously simple
and convenient. Kings and nobles must
have long known its merits as a hunting garb ;
and we know they wore the breacan.
At present I can cite no texts about the
feile-beag. Probably there are none. People
did not write about their everyday garmi
until the e were matters of legal importai
Alastair InacMhaisteir's ' Breacan Uallach'
is the betl looue dateictU I know, and tli<
since the '4.'). There was no Tailor and
Cutter in those days, and no prize for " the
best-dressed Highlander." People dressed
according to their rank and means, as else-
where, and, when they wrote at all, did not
write topical descriptions. Iain Gallda.
%* Lord Archibald Campbell's letter
shows that distinct clan tartans are earlier
than, from a rather vague memory of Mr. D.
Stewart's work on the subject, one had
supposed. If the noble Lowland families,
such as the Gordons, wore any tartan,
doubtless they would adopt that of their
Celtic vassals, if these had any distinctive
tartan. The Gordons were an equestriem
clan (if they can be called a clan) under
Montrose, and wore Lowland costume.
Under the Huntly of Glenrinnes fight they
fought Campbells whose flag was certainly
yellow, as Iain Gallda will remember, and
scattered them. Yellow is not predominant
in the Campbell tartan, any more than blue
and yellow (as in 1G89) are in that of the
Camerons. It appears probable that the
Gordons, if they ever wore the tartan, did
so when hunting, not in war. The great
MacLean was wearing the ordinary costume
of a gentleman of Western Europe, was
" in silk," when he fell in a skirmish (1598).
From the lack of written Gaelic literature
in the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries,
we know little about distinctive clan tartans.
I am aware of no allusion to them in Islay's
four volumes of the ' Popular Tales of the
West Highlands,' where such allusions
might naturally occur.
If the philabeg was commonly worn, I do
not see why Mr. Bawlinson's men should
have cut their plaids to make philabegs.
Gentlemen commonly wore the trews, not
kilts. The " monumental evidence," dis-
tinguishing a philabeg from a belted plaid,
does not lie before me ; but I am not pre-
judiced against ancient philabegs, and do
not see that the question involves the credit
of the clam. I do not know why Aberiachan
wrote his letter, but letters of an earlier
date than 1768 are frequently publi hed for
the first time at a later date than 1785.
As to " no Tailor and Cutter in those days,"
Iain Gallda must at least remember Lochiel's
tailor on the day when " catskins are cheap."
Portraits of Highlanders of the sixteenth
century are necessarily rare, and the great
princes like Argyll were painted in the garb
of civilization. The whole question of
costume is thus vague, and, of cours \ the
' Vestiarium Scoticum,' whatever its origin
may be, is of no authority for early times.
Maxwell of Kirkconnell, writing of 1745,
describes the elans as wearing in addition
to the plaid, " a kind of petticoat or shirt
[misprint for skirt] which reaches from their
middle to their knees " (p. 25). It appears
to myself, as to lain Gallda, most improbable
that Mr. Rawlinson's alleged improvement
was universally adopted in the course of
twenty years, a.t most, and this is the best
evidence I know on his side, apart from
" the monuments." Thk Reviewee.
[This discussion is now closed. ]
GEORGE BUCHANAN'S SCHOOLS.
Thk biographers of George Buchanan
have not been able to throw much light on
the schools of Buchanan — the echolct patriot
of which he tells US. To that extent they
have failed to show what share Scottish
Learning had in forming the distinguished
scholar and Humanist. That he went t,,
the village school at Killearn. about two
miles from his home at Mid l.eouen. is
almost certain. Killearn was then a prebend
in the Chapter of Glasgow ; and. along with
other benefices, it had been annexed, in
1500, by the archbishop to " the College of
his University." Its rector, from 1504r
was Patrick Graham, brother of the Earl of
Montrose. In 1512 he became a Canon of
Glasgow, and during the three following
years he was elected Rector of its Univer-
sity (' Munimenta Universitatis Glasguensis/
vol. ii. pp. 42, 127-9 ; also ' Diocesan
Registers,' vol. ii. pp. 70, 442, &c). Yet-
whatever the efficiency of the Killearn
school, it could have had but little influence-
on George's future development, since we
know that his family left the district for
Hilton, in Cardross of Menteith, when he-
was in his seventh year.
It has been suggested that his next school
was at Dunbarton. This is given on the
authority of Mackenzie, who evidently
mistook Cardross near the town of Dun-
barton for Cardross of Menteith, in Perth-
shire (Mackenzie's ' Lives and Characters of
the Most Eminent Writers of the Scots-
Nation,' vol. iii. p. 150). There is no scrap
of evidence to bear out the assertion. Even
the tradition is not too strong, and seems
to have been formed since the publication
of Mackenzie's statement. The claims of
Stirling have been recently advocated by
Mr. A. F. Hutchison, M.A. (' The High
School of Stirling,' pp. 273-4). An objec-
tion fatal to Mr. Hutchison's view is the fact
that Alexander Yule, a friend and contem-
porary of Buchanan, and a former master
of the Stirling High School, makes no mention
of George Buchanan's name in connexion
with Stirling, even when enumerating some
of the celebrated men who were educated
there (v. dedication of Yule's edition of
Buchanan's ' Psalms,' with ecphrasis which
was partly sketched by Buchanan himself).
There were other schools, connected with
the cathedrals and great religious houses of
those days, where Buchanan may well have
studied. Tentative researches regarding
Campsie, Dunkeld, and Paisley have, up
till now, been resultless. With the Glasgow
Grammar School I have met with more
success. Robert Baillie, Principal of the
University of Glasgow, writing. May 23rd,
1000, to 'his friend Mr. William Dauglass.
Professor of Divinity at Aberdeen, about the
famous men associated with the University
and the city, has this item : —
"George Buchanan, born in Strathblaine, seven
miles from (Jlasgow, hied in our Grammar School,
much conversing in our Colledge, the chief instru-
ment to purchase our rents from Queen Mary and
King James. He left our library a parcel of good
hooks noted in his hand." — ' Letters and Journals
of Robert Baillie. A.M.," vol. iii. p. 402.
McUre, in his ' History of Glasgow,' 1830,
was the first to make public this important
letter of Principal Baillie.
Baillie was born at Glasgow, twenty years
after the death of Buchanan, and was
educated at the city Grammar School, and
the University, of which he afterwards
became professor and Principal. His refer-
ence to Buchanan's interest in the University
and its library is historically correct ; and
his statement on the other more important
point may be taken as authoritatively estab-
lishing the identity of one of Buchanan's
schools probably the only other except
that of Killearn.
The Grammar School of Glasgow grew up
under tin- shadow of the Cathedral, and
existed at least ill the early part of the four-
teenth cent wry. It was under the immediate
supervision of the Chancellor of the diocese
('Munimenta,' vol. i. p. 37: R< 'Lus-
trum Episcopatus Glasguensis,' pp. 490 - 1 ).
James IV.. while yet a youth, was created a
Canon of the Metropolitan Church, and it
would seem as if his /"id for education bad
imparted itself to the school. Early in the
sixteenth century, and on to its close, it
7!ts
TH E ATI! KN7KUM
N°4105, Jink 80, 1906
w.t., in striking contra i to the Univei
in u flourishing condition. One ol its I
known masters, midway in that period, in
Thomas Jack, whose ' ( momasticon Poi tioum'
so pleased George Buohanan that he laid
aside his ' History ' to revise the book and
add some finishing tout-lies.
1 h:i\ e not i'< ' n able I bain m hen
Buohanan became a pupil of the Glasgow
Grammar School. It i-- certain that during
pari of his tuition there Matthew Keid. M.A..
acted as head master. Reid is first mentioned
in 1511, among the incorporati of the local
University (' Muniroenta, vol. ii. p. 126).
In 1520, and for some time thereafter, he
was chosen Treasurer of the Faculty
{" neonon elect us fuit in bursarium diacretus
vir Magister Rfatheus Reid, magiater scole
grammaticalis," ibid., p. 139). Two years
later he was elected one. of the deputies of
the Rector.
Buohanan was, from the first, a student.
It was his early aptitude and skill in the
Latin tongue, which he " learned with much
pains in boyhood " (' Historia,' lib. i. 8),
that appealed with such good results to
James lleriot. the shrewd Justiciar of Had-
diugtou. At fourteen, when he left school,
he must have known much, at least in the
matter of Latin, that Master Reid could
teach him. At fourteen Andrew Melville,
fresh from the Greek School at Montrose,
-entered the College of St. Mary, in the
University of St. Andrews, and astonished
not a little the professors there by using the
Greek text in his study of Aristotle. Buchanan
with all his capacity and diligence, was no
prodigy ; yet we can well believe that when
he started for Paris he knew and spoke the
language of old Rome as well as any who
ever left our shores for that famous seat of
learning. The glory of being the first thus
to lay the foundations of that Latinity in
which he afterwards so greatly excelled, and
to foster in him the real love of knowledge,
must be assigned to the Scottish school-
master Matthew Reid, whose name lias lain,
for nearly four centuries, hidden, but not
unhonoured, in the muniments and annals
of his Alma Mater.
Robert Munro, B.D.
'THE AGE OF JUSTINIAN AND
THEODORA.'
June 23rd, 1906.
I must. take exception to your reviewer's
statement that I'rocopius invariably speaks
of Byzantium only because he was an
archaeological pedant. I doubt if he would
have used an obsolete term if it had not been
the current name for the city in his day.
His practice is not at all singular. Malchus,
Agathias, Menander, Theophanes (2), and
even such authors as Marinus and Damascius,
write Byzantium. Abridging Procopius in
the ninth century, Photius does not think
it necessary to change the word he found in
the text. Even Anna Comnena used the
classical name. The list is altogether too
numerous to give in its entirety. I hold the
•case proved, therefore, that the Greeks
spoke of Byzantium, although in official
■posters and rescripts cut on stone, both in
Greek and Latin, all over the Empire, they
read Constantinople. It is improbable that
the latter was ever a spoken title of the city,
but I think there was a colloquialism, say
'Stanpol (like 'Frisco), as is evidenced by
the Moslem Stamboul or istambol. Authors
like Malala, Paschal Chronicler, &c, wrote
at a distance (Syria, Egypt), where the
capital was only known to a partly alien
population through official documents, so
.that the new title was the only one familiar
locally. \ for the reference to Gibbon,
l t luiik n implie t hat ■ |" r\ anion of fi
is required in order bo bi in fashion with a
mi coterie and to disagree with the i
i. Mus of one's predecessors. But tl
was nothing original in Gibbon's view: it
had passed into lull currency long bt
his time. A passage in a recent work on
that historian could easily be found in which
a man of distinction reproaches him for
having taken as his then rdid a period
of history. To me those who make it their
business to crack up I !\ /ant inisui nowadays
appear "as no other thing than a pestilent
congregation" of cranks, as far as that
object is concerned. Such views ;:re never
likely to prove, valuable for the purpost
public instruction. With respect to the
religious question, Gibbon's exposition is
like the sun beaming behind a bank of clouds ;
but we now exist under u clear sky in that
quarter, and " cocksureness " may be ac-
cepted as a euphemism for plain matter of
fact. As to Theodora, once admit that she
was a courtesan and her subsequent career
on the throne proves that she must have
been an out-and-out strumpet. " Degrada-
tion " was not in her thought, but pre-
eminence in the special line in which she
found herself, I do not say chose, for no
doubt she was pitchforked into it, like most
young people into their particular vocation.
W. G. Holmes.
MORE ELIANA.
Two brief poems by Charles Lamb, which
have hitherto escaped the collectors of
Eliana, are to be found in an old peiiodical
entitled The Mirror of Literature, Amuse-
ment, and Instruction. In the number of that
weekly magazine for June 1st, 1833, in a
section of scraps entitled ' The Gatherer,'
are two pieces signed " C. L b " (in the
index they are given as " Lamb, C, lines
by "). The first of these two is given by
Mr. E. V. Lucas in the appendix (vol. vii.
p. 995) to his edition of Lamb's ' Works,'
and the place of its origin is duly stated ;
yet the second piece, which occurs on the
same page of The Mirror, is curiously
ignored. It is the following : —
Fkom the Latin.
As swallows shrink before the wintry blast,
And gladly seek a more congenial soil,
So flatterers halt when fortune's lure is past
And basely court some richer lonlling's smile.
C. L-b.
In the same periodical for May 7th, 1836,
I find this : —
"C. LjAMB. — The following lines were written
by the late C. Lamb upon the cover of a book of
blotting paper. — F. W. L.
Blank tho' I be, within you'll rind
Relics of tir enraptured mind :
Where truth and fable, mirth and wit,
Are safely here deposited.
The placid, furious, envious, wise,
Impart to me their secresics ;
Here hidden thoughts in blotted line,
Nor sybil [sic] can the sense divine,
Lethe and I twin sisters be —
Then, stranger, open me and see."
In the two latest editions of Charles
Lamb's works — those of Mr. E. V. Lucas
and of Mr. William Macdonald — and also in
the ' Essays and Sketches ' by Charles
Lamb which I annotated for the series of
" Temple Classics," there is given a brief
essay or part of an essay on ' London Fogs.'
Mr. Lucas was tinder the impression that
he gave it for the first time, but in an ap-
pendix to his last volume was able to say
conclusively that the scrap was not by
Lamb at all, though in ascribing it to Leigh
Hunt he does not apparently refer it to its
proper author. The essay appeared in a
place in which it should not have been over-
looked by any one of us. In the first volume
of II • B ok,' under
\. mber _'tth (column 15
there is given ' London in Noveml
■ m " The Mirror of the Monl
The latter half of that • he brief
bit which, on the authority Of his fie
ha\ <■ been as i ibing I > Lamb.
' The Mirror of the Honl
anonymously in 1826
British Museum Cata I 1 1 • ' I i . n 1 1 .."
w lit ten by I'. ('.. I'atmore, and the first four
of tho " montlis " had appeared in The Sew
Monthly Mw/'iL'ii'- earlier in the ar.
Walter Jeebold.
H'iterarg ffiussip.
.Mi.ssks. Chatto & WDTDUSare bringing
(-ut immediately a new edition <>f Mi.
Swinburne's famous study ' William
Blake : a Critical Essay.' The text will
remain unaltered, but there will be a new
and powerfully written preface, in which
Mr. Swinburne will discuss what he con-
siders to be the fantastic theories concern-
ing the meaning and value of the pro-
phetic books which, have lately been
advanced. Alluding to the fact that
some of these critics have claimed for
Blake a Celtic origin. Mr. Swinburne
emphasizes an opinion which he lias
before expressed, that the existence of a
Celtic literature is the misleading theory
of an eminent writer who knew nothing
about the subject — Matthew Arnold. Mr.
Swinburne contends that as a matter of
fact there is no Celtic literature at all of
the smallest value. He says : —
" Some Hibernian commentator on Blake,
if I rightly remember a fact so insignificant,
has somewhere said something to some such
effect as that I, when writing about some
fitfully audacious and fancifully delirious
deliverance of the poet he claimed as a
countryman, and trying to read into it some
coherent and imaginative significance, was
innocent of any knowledge of Blake's mean-
ing. It is possible, if the spiritual fact of
his Hibernian heredity has been or can be
established, that 1 was : for the excellent
reason that, being a Celt, he now and then
too probably had none worth the labour of
deciphering — or at least worth the serious
attention of any student belonging to a race
in which reason and imagination are the
possibly preferable substitutes for fever and
fancy. But in that case it must be gladly
and gratefully admitted that the Celtic
tenuity of his sensitive and prehensile
intelligence throws into curious relief the
occasional flashes of inspiration, the casual
fits of insight, which raise him to the
momentary level of a deep and a free thinker
as well as a true and an immortal poet. The
vein of sound reason in Blake's eccentric
and fitful intelligence has never been ade-
quately acknowledged or perceived."
Mr. l'\\\ in will publish in July a work
entitled ' The Finality of the Christian
Religion,' by Prof. G. Burman Foster, of
Chicago. It is written from a liberal
standpoint, and its purpose is to set fortli
Christianity not as a religion of historical
facta or authoritative dogmas, but as a
religion of spirit and personality. The
book, which is of considerable length, is
partly historical and partly philosophical
in character.
N° 4105, June 30, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
799
In The Scottish Historical Review for
July the connexion between Scotland and
Man is dealt with at large by the Speaker
of the House of Keys, Mr. Moore. Sir
Herbert Maxwell translates ' Scalacronica,'
and Mr. Lang debates James V.'s " Will."
Miss M. Sidgwick prints for the first time
Major-General Drummond's dispatch on
the battle of Rullion Green, at which he
commanded the royal troops. Dr. James
Colville analyzes the diary of Sir Thomas
Hope, King's Advocate, during 1633-45.
Mr. H. Bingham describes a phase of the
Darien Company — the situation in 1695-6,
when the heather was catching fire. A
review of Mr. Paul's ' Froude,' by Prof.
Hume Brown, will attract attention. There
is lively battle over the Anglo-Saxon
' Andreas.'
We hear that after lengthy negotiations
the Keats House at Rome is likely to
become the property of the Keats-Shelley
Memorial Association. Support has been
privately secured, but more is needed.
The actual purchase of the house will
cost over 4,000Z. It is hoped to make
the building the centre of a repre-
sentative collection of relics of the poet.
W. T. writes :—
" The facts regarding Fielding's first
marriage have, as is well known, eluded the
researches of his biographers. The desired
information has now been obtained. In a
letter to The Bath Chronicle Mr. T. S. Bush,
of Bath, quotes the following extract from
the registers of St. Mary's Church, Charl-
combe : ' November ye 28, 1734. Henry
Fielding, of the parish of St. James in Bath,
Esq., and Charlotte Cradock of ye same
parish, spinster, were married by virtue of a
licence from ye Court at Wells.' Charl-
combe is about two miles from Bath."
A notable collection of old English
literature, formed by a Commissioner of
Customs in the early part of the eighteenth
century, will be sold by Messrs. Hodgson
next week. The most important item is
a copy of the rare Elizabethan poem ' Sir
Francis Drake, His Honorable Lifes Com-
mendation and his Tragicall Deathes
Lamentation,' by Charles Fitzgeffrey,
printed by Joseph Barnes at Oxford in
1596. It appears to be a copy of the
earliest issue, as it does not contain the
commendatory verses by Mychelbourne
added in the second edition, and the
verses by Richard and Francis Rous are
signed with initials only, not in full, as in
the British Museum copy.
An interesting relic has just been
acquired by the .Montrose Natural History
and Antiquarian Society. It consists of
a sheet of Walter Scott's autograph notes
on Scottish "slogans," with foot-notes
by Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe and also
by Robert Chambers, who, when he was
preparing his ' Popular Rhymes of Scot-
land,1 was supplied by Scott with whole
sheets of recollections. The holograph is
one of these, written in 1825. Opposite
Clanranald are the Gaelic words "Garyen
Coheriger," and in English: '"Spelled al
random. Gainsay who dares." Chambers
marked the line with a cross, and his foot-
note states that this erroneous orthography
proves Scott to be the author of 'Waverley.'
The death of Mr. Budgett Meakin
removes a leading English authority on
Morocco. His trilogy of books on the
subject is of permanent value, for his
writing was always thorough and pains-
taking, though he had no particular gifts
of style. He was on the staff of The
Times of Morocco from 1884 to 1903.
Next week we shall publish our usual
' Notes from Cambridge,' concerning the
work of the past term.
The death is announced from New
York of Mr. Edwin Babcock Holden, at
the early age of forty-three. Mr. Holden
had for the last ten years been one of the
best known of American bibliophiles, and
was one of the oldest members of the
Grolier Club, where many of the success-
ful exhibitions of books and prints owed
much to his assistance. His library
contained many fine books relating to
early and modern English literature, but
he was principally interested in rare
prints. He was elected President of the
Grolier Club in January last.
M. Henri Doniol, whose death occurred
in Paris last week, was for many years
Director of the Imprimerie Nationale, to
which he was appointed in 1882. He
was born in Auvergne in 1818, and began
life as a barrister. The list of his works
is long, including a ' Histoire des Classes
rurales en France ' and ' Les Patois de la
Basse Auvergne ' ; but his most important
undertaking was the ' Histoire de la
Participation de la France a l'Etablisse-
ment des Etats-Unis,' which was published
in five volumes from 1886 to 1892, a
complementary volume appearing in 1899.
He was a frequent contributor to the
Journal des Economistes and the Journal
a" Agriculture.
The Temps has published large extracts
from a letter which has been printed in
Russian in St. Petersburg, in which
General Bennigsen gives a full account of
the actual murder of the Emperor Paul.
The details are new, and include a painful
scene with the two empresses. But there
is no historical importance in the indirect
references to the plot itself. We already
knew that Pahlen and Bennigsen were the
chief agents of the conspiracy, and that
Alexander knew what was to happen,
although it was pretended that imprison-
ment only was meant.
A further list of prizes on the Berger,
Gegner, and other foundations was an-
nounced at the French Institut on Satur-
day last. M. Franz Funck-Brentano has
obtained 5,000fr. for his literary works
dealing with the Bastille ; M. de Lauzac
de Laborie receives 2,000fr. for his book
on ' Paris sous Napoleon ' ; MM. Chassis
and Hennet a similar amount for their
' Volontaires pendant la Revolution ' ; and
M. Paul Robiquel L,00Qfr. for his ' Bistoire
de la Municipality de Paris.' The lYi\
Wolowski, of the value of 4,O00fr., is
divided between M. Bourguin, professor
at the Ecole de Droit, and .M. Pierre beroy-
Beaulieu, the young Depute" for Berault.
At the Aeadeniie Francaise a cardinal
takes the seat of a cardinal. Cardinal
Desire Mathieu succeeding nem. con. to
the chair vacant by the death of Cardinal
Perraud. The new Academician is ranked
high as an historian, although his literary
" baggage " so far is not heavy.
We are sorry to hear of the serious
illness of M. Albert Sorel, the distinguished
French historian and Academician. Al-
though he has taken a turn for the better
during the last few days, it is expected
that complete recovery will be a matter
of some months of absolute rest.
The Geheime Staatsarchiv of Berlin
has recently purchased from their French,
owner some 184 original letters written
by Frederick the Great to Voltaire, during
the years 1740-77. The purchase is of
great importance, as the published text
of those letters which are already known
is very corrupt.
Among the grants distributed by tho
Prussian Akademie der Wissenschaften.
are one of 5,000 marks to Prof. Wilamo-
witz-Mollendorff, to enable him to carry
on his collection of Greek inscriptions,,
and one of 3,000 marks to Geheimrat
Diels, who is cataloguing the MSS. of the
physicians of antiquity.
At the monthly meeting of the Board
of Directors of the Booksellers' Provident
Institution held on Thursday last week
the sum of 104?. was voted to 57 members
and widows of members. Three new
members were elected.
The Record of the Seventy-ninth
Anniversary Festival of the Printers'
Pension Corporation, at which Mr.
Franklin Thomasson presided on the
29th of May, shows that the total receipts
on that occasion amounted to 5,778?.
It is interesting to note that this important
trade institution, founded in 1827, was
originated by two working printers of the
name of Sears. While engaged in setting
up in type the rules and regulations of
the Watch and Clock Makers' Pension
Society, they were struck with the excel-
lence of the idea, and decided then and
there to bring into existence for their own
fraternity a charitable organization with
like objects. There has been a marked
growth in the prosperity of the institu-
tion since the appointment of Mr. Joseph
Mortimer as secretary.
The Parliamentary Papers of the week
include a Return of Moneys contributed
out of Rates by the County Council and
other Local Bodies in Ireland for the
Schemes under the Agriculture and
Technical Instruction (Ireland) Act, 1899
(Id.) ; and Annual Reports of Proceed-
ings under the Diseases of Animals Acts,
the Markets and Fairs (Weighing of Cattle).
Acts. &c. for 1905 (].«.).
SCIENCE
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
The Royal Society ; or, Sou not >» the
State and in the Schools. Bj sir William
Buggins. (Methuen ft Co.) This interest-
ing souvenir of sir William's presidency of
the Royal Society will be read with ^reat
interest, not only by tin- scientific, but also-
SIM.
T II E ATI! KWKUM
N 11'.;,. Jumi 30, 1906
by the general public. It consists cliiefly
• •I four ] 'i i -nli nl ml addresses delivered ill
the yean 1002 to I'.'o.". ; bul these are pre-
ceded bi a sketch of the earl] historj oi
the Society, in the composition of which
the author acknowledges Ins obligations to
Weld's well known • History.' Tue origin
was a small club, formed about 1645, oi
"divers worth] persons, inquisitive into
natural philosophy, and particularly what
was called the New Philosophy or Experi-
mental Philosophy," which met weekly ill
London for discussion. Later the olub
divided: one pari removed to Oxford, and
formed the Philosophical Society <>i Oxford,
whilst the other remained in London.
They continued, however, to communicate
with each other until the Oxford Society
ceased to exist ill 1600. The London Societ \
was incorporated in 1662, and became the
Royal Society, the first President being
Lord Brouncker. (Before the incorporation
Sir Robert Moray acted as President.) The
meetings were held at Gresham College until
in 171<», whilst Newton was President, the
Society acquired a house of their own in
Crane Court, Fleet Street. Here the Fellows
remained until, in 1780, rooms at Somerset
House were placed at their disposal by the
•Government, from which they removed in
1857 to .Burlington House, occupying at
first the portion now held by the Royal
Academy, and from 1873 the new eastern
■wing, wliere they are still located, other
scientific societies occupying the western
wing opposite.
Sir William Huggins's first address, in
1902, was on "the supreme importance of
science to the industries of the country,
which can be secured only through making
science an essential part of all education " ;
the last, in 1905, on " the profound influence
which science, represented by the Royal
Society, has had upon the life and thought
of the world ; and the place of science in
general education." All four are of great
interest and importance ; and the value of
the volume is much enhanced by the excel-
lence of the numerous illustrations, which
include portraits of Evelyn, New ton, Dalton,
Young, Davy, and Faraday.
Our Stellar Universe : Stereoscopic Star
Charts and Spectroscopic Key Maps. By
Thomas Edward Heath. (King, Sell &
Olding. ) — In his former work, ' A Road-book
to the Stars,' Mr. Heath made an attempt
to represent to the eye how the stars, so
far as their parallaxes and distances are
approximately known, would appear as
regarded from different parts of the stellar
universe. In the book now before us he
enables us, by the aid of the stereoscope,
to obtain at a glance an idea of their
respective proportionate distances from us.
He relates how he has formed a very con-
venient scale of adaptation for this pur-
pose : —
" If the distance which light travels in oik; year
be represented by one mile, the distance of the
earth from the sun on the same scale will he one
inch. Therefore, to think clearly, take a suitable
map, place the sun at Greenwich, and dot the stars
about it (as many miles from Greenwich as their
light takes years to reach the earth), and you have
a scale of stellar distances easily grasped by
ordinary minds."
Of course, amongst the mass of stars, the dis-
tances of only a few have been measured
even approximately ; but by the use of Prof.
Kapteyn's formulae according to type of
spectrum, and an average parallax for stars
oi a particular class and magnitude, it is
possible to indicate on these charts the pro-
bable respective distances of a very large
number, and the positions of the few which
have been measured with some accuracy '
stand out distinctly. The labour of pro-
paring these views must have been enorn
and Mr. Heath merits the thanks of all
interested in our present knowledge (which
is bound to " grOW,*' in Tenn_\ -on's lungu.
from more to more ") of the stellar uni\ ■
for going through it. As s previous critic
remarks, he has " made the best use of the
best material," and in doing BO ha- been
efficiently assisted by Mr. o. R. Wslkey,
whilst he acknowledges his obligations to
the well-known writer ,\ii. .1. \'.. Gore, who
has supplied information about parallax-
Till' latest volume in the "English M<n
of Science Series" is Prof, \rthur Thom-
son's Herbert Spencer (Dent), which is an
admirable summary of the philosopher's
work. Prof. Thomson pays special atten-
tion to Spencer's labours as an evolu-
tionist, and not so much to bis psy-
chology and sociology. The exposition
of Spencer's achievements is lucid and
appreciatory up to a point. The author
decides that " Spencer was not far from the
kingdom of genius," which will seem to
many an over-cautious statement. But
indeed it is pretty clear that Prof. Thomson
has no great faith in the Synthetic Philo-
sophy, though obviously admiring the
patience, ingenuity, and intelligence with
which it was constructed. In the journey
from the nebula to human society, which is
the course of the evolutionary theory, he
considers the system to sustain three "jolts
— at the origin of life, at the origin of mind,
at the origin of man." Spencer himself
would have been the first to acknowledge
the apparent gap between organic and in-
organic life, while it is clear that his theory
took for granted_a future bridge, which some
scientific students at the present moment
are claiming to have discovered. Prof.
Thomson does not seem to be convinced of
the " ascent of man," finding a difficulty in
the evolution of mind, and apparently sub-
scribing to Dr. Russel Wallace's postulate
of " spiritual influx." This is hardly a
temper Which could give adequate apprecia-
tion to the Synthetic System. But we are
driven to conclude, after a careful perusal
of Prof. Thomson's comments, that he is
really sympathetic, if over-cautious. For
example, he answers his own doubts regard-
ing mental evolution in another passage,
which could not be bettered, and which we
quote : —
" When one of the higher animals, in the course
of its development, reaches a certain, or rather
uncertain, degree of differentiation, its functioning
becomes behaviour ; its activities are such that we
cannot interpret them without using psychical
terms, such as awareness or intelligence. This ex-
pression of fuller life is associated with the increased
development of the nervous system, and we have
no knowledge of any psychical life apart from
nervous metabolism."
Prof. Thomson's criticism is always clear
and suggestive, and his book is stimulating.
His final summary of Spencer's work is that
"he brought home the idea of philosophic syn-
thesis to a greater number of the Anglo-Saxon raoe
than had ever conceived the idea before. His own
synthesis in the particular form he gave it will
necessarily crumble awav."
We had thought that Spencer's achievement
was almost better known outside the Anglo-
Saxon race. Certainly he claims easy rank
as a world-force. As for the prophecy, we
will not emulate Prof. Thomson's boldness
by a counter-prediction. That Spencer
made mistakes is known to all students of
philosophy, and was recognized by himself ;
but the VSlue of his life's work lay in the
gigantic system which he constructed, and
in which no serious breaches have yet been
made. This is a great thing to say, for it
can be -aid ol only two or three thinkst
all t mi.-.
/. n rymnn't Bool of Qardt
• John Hal-ham. (HoddST A' StOUghtOn.)-—
Those who rend and a] ted Mr.
Halsham eful and practical work on
gardening will not be disappointed if tbey
procure Ins later work. !
we find the sail and ki
forth, moreover, in clear and concise lan-
guage, which is a not unpleasant contrast
to the rather grandiose style I by
some modern garden- Roses are
excluded on the BOOTS Of but the
hook deals fully < nough with bo:
bedding plants, and is fre< lv and successfully
illustrated by OVOT a hundred photographs
by Mr. Henry Irving. While many |
fessed gardeners may get useful information
here, it is eminently the book for theamat
in all stag
Enigmas of Psychical J'< search. By Jai
H. Hyslop. (Putnam- - There is
not much novelty in Dr. Hyslop- ' Enigmas
of Psychical Research.' The study n<
two things : first, a continual supply of h
examples, well recorded, of apparently super-
normal phenomena ; next, criticism of t:
cases by some antagonist who has taken the
trouble to study the evidence. As a rule
— perhaps a rule without an exception —
unfavourable critics have been too impatient
to study the evidence : they misstate it,
and base their strictures on their own inven-
tions. Dr. Hyslop mainly tells over again,
and does not tell very well, old anecd
from the collections of the Society for
Psychical Research. As these collections
are of very easy access, we do not see the
use of retelling tlirice-told stories. To make
anything out of "The Ancient Oracles" a
fresh critical examination of the classical
sources is necessary. We have not made it,
but can readily believe the report of one who
has— that there is nothing, or next to nothing,
of psychical interest in what tradition tells
about the oracles. There is nothing in Dr.
Hyslop's chapter to suggest that he has done
more than look into the remarks of Curt ins,
Mommsen, and Mr. F. W. H. Myers on the
ancient oracles. As to crystal-gazing, he
confesses that he takes his history of the
subject from Mrs. H. H. Spoer's essay, a
piece of pioneer work ; and his modern
instances are the crambc repetita of the
S.P.R., with a note of a few ordinary crystal
pictures seen by a Mrs. D. If Mr. Myers
" endeavoured to establish the view that
mental action was not a function of the
brain," that fact is new to us : we had
understood Mr. Myers otherwise. When
Dr. Hyslop wishes to cite the memoirs of
Saint-Simon, he gives the passage " as quoted
by The Nation " (p. 104), which, we presume,
is responsible for 'La Ferte ' without the
accent. A book so common as Walter
Scott's ' Letters on Demonology and Witch-
craft ' is cited not at first hand, but from
Dr. Carpenter (p. 186). The tale is the
old tale of the illusory appearance of
Byron at Abbot-ford : from a remark by
Lockhart, we doubt whether or not the
Sheriff was wholly satisfied by his own
explanation. On p. 227 a person is said to
have seen " an apparition coincident with
the death of a friend." The apparition, if
apparition it was, was not that of " a friend,"
and was not exactly " coincident with the
death." The same person (p. 346) is said to
" vouch for " the longest and strangest of
modern ghost stories. He vouches for
nothing except the accuracy of liis report
of what was told to him. Somebody cer-
tainly travelled across England, and did a
variety of most unusual things. But whether
that somebody took all this trouble to oblige
N°4105, June 30, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
801
a party of ghosts is between herself and her
conscience. A Dr. Ferrier, also said to
" vouch for " the affair, was not the well-
known and long-deceased Dr. Ferrier: the
name here is a pseudonym.
Dr. Hyslop's object is not to afford
"scientific proof of a transcendental world,"
but merely to adduce " evidence of something
which needs further investigation." But
almost all his evidence had long ago been
laid before the curious. Dr. Hyslop justifies
the antiquity of his evidence on the ground
that it " has received the recognition of a
scientific body," that is, has been published
by the Society for Psychical Research. The
book has no index.
THE THEORY OF ELECTRONS AND
ITS DIFFICULTIES.
ii.
In the first part of this article (Athenceum,
June 23rd) an endeavour was made to set
forth the main features of the electronic
theory as formulated by Prof. Lorentz, and
it was shown how it has been used by him
to explain not only all the phenomena of
electricity, but also the experiments in light
and heat which are known as the Zeeraan,
the Peltier, and the Thomson effects respec-
tively. But there has now to be taken into
account a well-known experiment which, as
Prof. Lorentz confesses, cannot be recon-
ciled with the popular versions of the
electronic theory of matter, and brings us to
a standstill unless we are willing to venture
into a new and almost unexplored field.
Prof. Hall (of Baltimore) showed some
seventeen years ago that if an oblong strip
of very thin metal be affixed to a glass plate,
a current passed through it from one short
side to the other, the two ends of a galva-
nometer circuit connected with any two
points on its long sides found by trial to be
•equipotential, and the whole system placed
between the poles of an electromagnet in
such a position that the surface of the strip
is at right angles to the lines of force of the
magnetic field, the needle of the galvanometer,
till then quiescent, will be deflected, and will
indicate that the current flowing through the
strip is displaced towards one long side or
the other. This displacement can be re-
versed by reversing the current actuating
the electromagnet or, of course, the original
current, but is otherwise constant when once
established.
Now Prof. Lorentz and those who think
with him have hitherto considered all the
phenomena of conduction as produced by
the movement of negative electrons only.
In the lecture in question he dismisses as
untenable the hypothesis of a double current
in metals, in which the positive electrons
would move in the one direction and the
negative in the other, affirming that the
difficulties in the way of such a supposition
are practically insuperable. So, too, Prof.
J. J. Thomson refuses in effect to consider
the existence of positive electrons at all,
declaring that the " electric fluid " is an
" assoinblage of corpuscules " or negative
electrons, a "positively electrified body"
being "one that has lost some of its cor-
puscles." But the Hall effect decli]
as Prof. Lorentz admits with a frankness
that might be imitated with advantage by
other physicists— to come into line with these
aewhat hasty generalizations. So long
as the strip of metal used in it is made of
copper, gold, nickel, or bismuth, the magnetic
displacement takes place towards the left
e of the strip, and we may imagine the
ative electrons to he threading their wen
between the atoms of the metal, and hindered
only by the lateral thrust exerted by the
magnetic field. This is, of course, exactly
what is supposed to happen to the same
bodies in vacuo, as in the familiar instance of
the cathode rays. But if for the strip of
copper, gold, nickel, or bismuth we sub-
stitute one of iron, zinc, cobalt, antimony,
or tellurium, the direction of the displace-
ment changes, and it takes place, not towards
the left edge of the strip, but towards the
right. Now we know from the fundamental
experiment with radium that the Alpha rays,
or streams of positively charged particles,
emitted by that substance are deflected by
a magnetic field in the opposite direction to
the Beta, or streams of negative electrons.
The conclusion therefore seems to be forced
upon us that in the case of bismuth and its
analogues it is the negative electrons that
are moving through the metal, and in that
of iron and the like the positive.
This is the conclusion of Prof. Drude, of
Berlin, and presents some analogy with
what happens in the electrical decomposition
of solutions, where the metallic ions or
particles are carried by their positive charges
to one electrode, while their gaseous fellows
are taken by their negative riders to the other.
But Prof. Lorentz will have none of this
interpretation, declaring, among other things,
that it would imply a combination of positive
and negative electrons, and consequently an
ever-increasing accumulation in the strip
of what he calls " neutral electricity," which
sooner or later would be bound to make its
presence felt. He prefers, therefore, to
reject altogether any explanation which
depends upon a movement of positive
electrons, and to state boldly that the pro-
blem presented by the Hall effect is still
unsolved, and can be solved only by a " pro-
found theoretical study " of the phenomenon.
He is greatly influenced towards this by the
conviction that the positive electrons are
invariably bound in metallic atoms, and that
it is the negative electrons alone that
can be detached from matter. This accords
both with the above-quoted dictum of Prof.
J. J. Thomson that a positively electrified
body is one that has lost negative electrons,
and with the hypothesis of M. Langcvin
(referred to by M. Poincare in his Athenaeum
article) which supposes the whole ether to
consist of what we call positive electricity,
the negative electrons being merely holes
in it.
The out-and-out supporters of the elec-
tronic theory seem therefore deeply com-
mitted to the proposition that positive
electrons freed from ponderable matter
either do not exist, or, if they do, are in-
capable of movement. But when we come
to look into the experimental, as apart
from the mathematical, evidence of this,
we find that it is not only remarkably small
in amount, but is also not entirely free from
suspicion of error. All the experiments upon
which Prof. Lorentz and his followers rely
for the behaviour of positive electrons have
been made either with the streams of particles
in a vacuum tube which are driven back
through holes iti the cathode, and are gene-
rally called the Goldstein or canal rays, or
with the Alpha rays emitted by radium and
the Other highly radio-active substances. In
both these cases there arc excellent reasons
why the positive electrons should appeal
hound, as I'rof. Lorentz would call it. in
minute masses of metal. The canal ravs
take their origin from a metallic cathode
which is known to become disintegrated in
the process, and it is not therefore astonish-
thal fragments of it should he torn off
and carried along by the stream of positive
electrons, which can otherwise !"• shown
no! to be homogeneous. So, too, with
radium : the molecule, or perhaps the atom,
is torn asunder with explosive violence,
and some fragments of this very heavy metal
are likely enough to remain linked to the
positive electrons, and to account by their
presence for the small penetrating power of
the Alpha rays. Yet it is not difficult to
imagine an experiment where all risk of
metallic admixture might be avoided. The
oscillating discharge of a Leyden jar can be
transformed up until the charge reaches so
high a tension that no conductor can retain
it, and it is flung into the air from the terminal
of the transformer in the shape of luminous
aigrettes. These aigrettes, as Prof, von
Wesendonck and others have shown, bear
a strong positive charge. It is true that they
also may be suspected of containing small
fragments of metal torn from the terminal.
But the energy with which they are emitted
is so great that they will pierce a considerable
thickness of any dielectric — e.g., a centimetre
of solid paraffin — and by passing through
this they should be strained from all traces
of ponderable matter as in a filter. The
aigrettes which thus emerge from the
dielectric preserve their luminosity, which
is perhaps evidence of their power of inflam-
ing the nitrogen of the air ; and until they
have been exhaustively examined, it may
be as well not to assume that the positive
electron is so essentially different from its
negative congener.
While one of the main pillars of the extreme
electronic theory is thus open to the suspicion
of unsoundness, M. Poincare attacks the
somewhat topheavy superstructure that has
been raised on them. By a series of cogent
arguments, he shows, with his usual lucidity,
that if it be conceded that all matter is com-
posed of electrons and nothing else, and that
all mass is electromagnetic, hardly any of the
laws of motion are valid. Action and reaction
are said to be equal and opposite ; but if a
body emitting light or heat moves continu-
ously in one direction, as an electron is said
to do, the pressure caused by such emission
ought to cause a resistance to which no
equivalent reaction can be found on any other
body. In like manner the Newtonian law of
inertia prescribes that a body in motion will
move in a straight line and with uniform
velocity unless acted upon by some external
force. But the calculations of Sommerfeld
and others have shown that an electron
moving with a speed greater than that of
light undergoes retardation without any
assignable cause. Nor does it require much
demonstration that a system of mechanics
founded on the invariability of mass must be
upset by a theory which asserts mass to be
variable. And all the while there remains
outside all theories of the ether the force
of gravitation, which has hitherto defied
interpretation.
It follows from the considerations hero
touched upon that inquiry into tin- structure
of the atom is at present premature, and that
the model suggested by Prof. .1. .1. Thomson
can have merely a speculative value. It
was pointed out in these columns last year
(see The A tin riOBUm, No. 4(141) that the analogy
he would draw between the grouping of
Mayer's floating magnets and the valency
and polarity of the elements when arranged
according to I'rof. Dtfendeleeff's Periodic
Law was mainly imaginary, inasmuch
as neither valency nor polarity is a. funda-
mental property of any chemical ele-
ment. Since then other facts have come to
light which strengthen this content ion. Dr.
\V. Ternent Cooke has shown apparently
with Sir William Ramsay's approval — that
helium and argon, instead of being non-valont,
as I'rof. Thomson's analogy demands, can
lie made to form unstable compounds with
802
T II E AT II r.NvEUM
N U0 .. •' 0, 1906
kino iiinl cadmium respectively, and I » • • 1 1 • "i
them perhaps w it li mercury. Mr. <'. I".
^ 1 1 1 has also proved that sold, silver, and
platinum, when rapidlj cooled and annealed,
I . oome electropositive t" «>t her Bpecii
of id' -it'll-' metals im the crystalline state.
[f, a I rhomaoo. is now inclined to think,
the number of corpuscles, within the atom
corresponds i" its atomic weight and
determines it> polarity, he must therefore
believe that the atomic weight of annealed
aid electropositive :_'"I<1 differs from tlmt of
gold which has not been annealed and has
remained electronegative, and that the
alteration of polarit j has been brought about
by tic- loss of one or more corpuscles. One
would likr to know whither, in that i
he imagines the lost corpuscles to have gone.
But, be that as it may, Prof. Thomson's
argument demands that, it' a corpuscle be
withdrawn from such an clement as gold,
tin- element not only changes its polarity.
but also becomes cot gold, but some other
element.
SOCIETIES.
Geological. — Junt 13.- Sir Archibald Geikie,
President, in the chair. — Messrs. .1. Davies, J.
Francis, ( '. R. Hewitt, 0. T. Jones, E. A. de
Lautour, J. M. Milton, J. Cowie .Simpson, jun.,
and R. Fletcher Whiteside were elected Fellows.—
The following communications were read: ' Re-
oombent Folds produced as a Result of Flow,' by
Prof. \Y. J. Sollas,— and ' The Crag of Iceland, an
Intercalation in the Basalt - Formation,' by Dr.
Ib-lgi Pjetursson. — Mr. <b Abbott, in exhibiting
specimens and photographs of limestones showing
band- and ball-structure, remarked that at Fulwell
Hill Quarries, near Sunderland, some of the upper-
most beds of the Magnesian Limestone presented
this peculiarity.
SOCIETY of Antiqcabtes. — June 14. — Lord
Avebury, President, in the chair.— This being an
evening appointed for the election of Fellows, no
papers Mere read. Mr. William Munro Tapp,
LL. 1.). , was elected Fellow.
Juru 21.— Sir H. H. Howortb, V.P., in the
chair.— Dr. Jonathan Hutchinson and Mr. E. W.
Swanton communicated some account of prehistoric
graves found at Haslemere, and more especially of
pottery from Late-Celtic graves. The paper con-
sisted of a description of various prehistoric
objects which had been collected at Haslemere
during the last six years. They were in two
separate groups. The first consisted chiefly of
neolithic flint implements which had rewarded the
search of several observers ; amongst them Mr.
Allen ( handler was mentioned as the most success-
ful. A beautiful series of nearly a dozen barbed
arrow -heads of good workmanship" had been picked
it]) in ploughed fields in various spots during the
last six years. These objects had previously been
thought to be of very rare occurrence in the
Haslemere district. Mr. Chandler had also found
several grinding stones, and he and Mr. Swanton
had made a large collection of pigmy flints. The
latter had Keen found chiefly by digging in sand on
the margin of a small pool on the summit of Black-
down. At this spot an enormous number of flakes
and cast-away fragments with some cores had been
found. It was evident that a factory had been
worked there, and it was of much interest to
observe that the raw material must have Ken
carried a distance of nearly ten miles, since the hill
itself is of sandstone and tar from any chalk rock
containing flint. The authors remarked that for
many years it had been known at Haslemere that
flint implements were to be found, and that they
were especially frequent near to springs or ponds
high upon the hills ; until recently, however, none
exhibiting much finish had been found. The paper
described the general character of the Haslenicre
district, stating that it consisted chiefly of Lower
Greensand, which formed some of the highest hills
in the south of England, Blaokdown anaHindhead
each being well on boa thousand feet. At the foot
ol the bills lav the valley of the Wealden clay, and
north, south, and west were escarpments of chalk.
The sandstone contained much chert and a very
haul Ironstone A i" i imen ol inU n ounl
oi its rarity I of an implement
hummel head p rforated fol a handle, made from
the iron sandstone. As it* ownsi had placed it on
loan in tin Hi • mi n M • I oonld not be
brought before the Society. The second pai
tin- paper described ■m urn field which had boon
unearthed do) far from II. •. le re town The
fing out and the restoration ol specimens had
been conducted under Mr. Swantou's superintend
enoe. A large number oi cinerary urns and
SIS had been lound. SODM "| them in
1 1 condition. The best •>! t h
for inspection. They had evidently been made on
a wheel, though none of them snowed the pin-
in irk. All the urns contained broken and charred
fragments of bone, but the aoa held
nothing more than the Band whiob had fallen into
them subsequent to deposition. As evidence oi
the completeness of the cremation, it was men-
tioned that none of the fragments was blackened.
With these fragments a few rude flint implements,
little more than flakes, were found, bat with two
exceptions no trace of metal. One of the excep-
tions was a much-eroded fragment of bronze, and
the other a plug of lead which closed a hole in the
bottom of one of the urns. The urns had stood
upright, and were covered by saucers of pottery in
two instances. One of these covering lids was of
red Samian ware, but much eroded by scaling.
Some of the vessels showed rude ornamentation,
chevron, &c. In one instance the site of the fire
was identified by the charred material on a rude
pavement of stones. The authors were inclined to
refer the pottery to a Late-Celtic period, anterior
to the Roman invasion. They commented upon
the remarkable absence of iron, and the exceedingly
slight presence of bronze; also upon the exceptional
use of lead, and the employment of Samian and
other ware as cover-lids. They expressed their
indebtedness to several owners of property who
had allowed them to dig, and mentioned that all
that had been found was open to public inspection
in the Haslemere Museum. — Mr. Philip Norman,
treasurer, and Mr. F. W. Reader read the first
part of a paper on recent discoveries in connexion
with Roman London.
British Archjeolouicai, Association. — June 20.
— Mr. Compton, V.P. , in the chair. — A tea-caddy
of a very ornate character, probably of the time of
Queen Anne, was exhibited ; but the allegation
that it had belonged to Anne Boleyn obviously
could not be entertained, as tea was not intro-
duced into Europe until the early part of the
seventeenth century, and Pepys, in his ' Diary.'
mentions it as something new in his day. — Mr.
Patrick, Hon. Sec, read, in the absence of the
author, a paper by Mr. Richard Mann on 'The
Roman Residency at Darenth, Kent.' This Roman
villa, admittedly the largest ever discovered in
England, was excavated in 185)4-3 by Mr. (i.
Payne, at the expense of Mrs. Rolls Hoare, under
an agreement made by Mr. Clowes, her son-in-law,
with the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, the owners
of the property, and is fully described in Archato-
logia Cantiana, vol. xxii. It has been suggested
in some quarters that this vast building bears
evidence, in the curious system of tanks and
drainage, of having been a trading establishment,
probably that of a ''fuller or dyer"; but Mr.
Mann questioned whether it may not with greater
probability be described as having been the central
station, or head -quarters, of an official having
control of the surrounding district, and in a very
ingeniously arranged plan of the remains he
showed how this might have been the case. — Mr.
Patrick opened the discussion, and was disposed
to agree with the author of the paper that the
buildings were far too extensive to have formed
the residence of a dyer or tanner, and were more
likely from their position — adjacent to the Wat ling
St rest and in the centre of a group of Roman
buildings whiob extended over the surrounding
neighbourhood — to have been the otlicial residence
of the governing authority of the district. Mr.
i:. II. burster did not agree with the early date
attributed to the remains by Mr. Mann (early in
Roman occupation), and considered that the large
building supposed by him to have been the
quarters of a body of cavalry was more likely to
have been the stables of a mcUMtO, or posting
house, on the road to London. He also urged
that the absence of any fortifications precluded the
. that the building!) Men- the rnsidfinOf of a
"I unlit . ; . ' . irly
jx-llod .i • th' III.
ng ol tin- session.
IATU ■< ■ ■
nt, iii the 'duiir. — The
I'.epoi t - ol the * oiii,. I ,11. 'J'rea-
were read and appro. • tliat
the medal of the f> raided bv the
Council to ( !orara<
Pn ii ' the Num.
his services to iiumin . nspOOJsllj
connexion with the Roman Imi A»
Commendatore Gni
the President handed the medal to Mr. H. A.
Grueber, one of the boo ■■ ith & r*i
that he would oonvey it to Commend
with the good wishes ol thi rYesi*
dent gave nil annual sddrnss. in which he passed in
review' the work done by thi <:ially in
respect to the various papers which b lead
and to the numerous and iir vhibitions at
the meetings. He also briefly noticed the more
important numismatic publications which had
appeared since June of last year. With respect to
the losses of till; Society by death, thi 'uore
particularly mentioned were those ol Mr. Richard A.
Hoblyn, a member since 1 ST.'J, who had contributed
some valuable articles on English numismatic*-
Mr. T. W. Kitt, the author of a work entitled
' Papers for Beginners,' a useful treatise on the
first principles of numismatics ; and of Mr.
C. E. (;. Maekerell, a diligent col1
British and Roman coins, who bad bequeathed to
the Society 5(1/., and to the Trustees of the British
Museum three coins of great rarity and in mag-
nificent preservation, viz., the pattern crown of
Cromwell by Thomas Simon, the "Redd
crown of Charles II. by the same artist, and the
pattern crown, 1662, of Charles II. by Jan
Roettier. — A liallot having been taken for the
Council and officers for the ensuing \ - '>hn
Evans was re - elected President : Sir Henry
Howorth and Sir Augustus Prevost, Vice-Prtm-
dents : Mr. W. C. Boyd, Hon. Treasurer : and
Mr. H. A. Grueber and" Mr. F. A. Walters, Hon.
Secretaries.
Statistical. — June 19. — Annual Meeting. —
Major Craigie in the chair. — Sir Richard Martin
was elected President for the ensuing session, and
the following were elected Council and
Mr. W. M. "Ac-worth, Mr. A. H. Bailey, Sir J.
Athelstane Baines, Mr. H. Birchenough. Ms. A. L
Bowley, Sir Edward W. Brabrook, Mr. <•
Chisholm, Sir Ernest Clarke, Mr. T. A. Coghlan,
Mr. N. L. Cohen, Mr. R. F. Crawford. Dr.
Reginald Dudfield, Sir William C. Dunlwir, Prof.
F. Y. Edgeworth, Mr. A. Wilson Fox. Lord
George F. Hamilton, Mr. F. Hendriks. Mr.
A. W. W. King, Prof. C. S. Loch. Mr. Bernard
Mallet, Sir Shirley F. Murphy. Mr. F. O. P.
Nelson, Mr. L. L. Price, Sir Lesley CL Probyn,
Mr. R, H. Rew, Dr. W. X. Shaw, Mr. D. A.
Thomas, Mr. T. A. Welton, Dr. A. Whitelegge,
Mr. G. Udny Yule; 7 . Sir R. Biddulph
Martin; Hon. > • -. Sir J. Athelstai.
Mr. R. H. Rew, Mr. A. Wilson Fox; Hon. Portion
etary, Sir J. A. Baines. — The v Guy
Medal in silver was awarded to Dr. W. X. Shaw
for his paper entitled 'The Seasons in the British
Dsles -me 1878,' read before the Society in March,
190.1. — The subject of the essays for the "Howard
Medal'' competition. 1906 7. was announced to be
'The Reformative Effect in Criminality of lb
Prison Administration.' This competition is open
to the public, and the conditions mav be
ascertained at the Society's offioea — Prof. Edge-
worth subsequently read a paper on "The
(Icneralized Law of Error,' in the discussion upon
which Mr. A. L Bowley, Dr. W. X. Shaw, Prof.
A. W. Flux, and Mr. G. Udny Yule took part.
FutuMY. ./«»<- 12. — Mr. W. M array Morrison
in the chair. — A paper on 'The Electrolytic
Deposition of Zinc. using Rotating Electrodes, by
Dr. T. Slater Price and' Mr. <.. 11. II. Judge, was
communicated by Dr. F. Mollwo Perkin. — Dr.
lVrkin described ' A Simple Form of Rotating
Cathode for Electro-Chemical Analysis.' — Mr. S.
Binning and Dr. Perkin read a paper on "The
Klertrolysis of Solutions of Thiocyanates in
Pyridine and in Acetone.'
N° 4105, June 30, 1906
THE ATHENiEUM
803
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Hon. Royal Institution, 5.— General Monthly Meeting.
— Faraday, 8.— 'The Oxidation of Atmospheric Nitrogen in
Electrie Arcs,' Prof. K. Itirkeland ; ' Preliminary Report on
the Experiments made at Sault Ste. Marie on the Smelting
of Canadian Iron Ores by the Electro-Thermic Process,' Dr.
E. Haanel ; 'Electrolysis of Dilute Solutions of Acids and
Alkalis at Low Potentials: Dissolving of Platinum at the
Anode by a Direct Current.' Dr. G. Senter.
Wed. Archaeological Institute, 4.— 'The Cistercian Abbey of Beaulieu,
in the County of Southampton,' Mr. W. H. St. John Hope.
Thuhs. Chemical, 8.30. — ' Saponarin, a New Glucoside, coloured Blue
with Iodine,' Mr. G. Barger ; 'The Constitution of fjmbellu-
lone,' Mr. P. Tutin ; 'Electrolytic Oxidation,' Mr. H. D. Law ;
'The Action of Ethyl Iodide and of Propyl Iodide on the
Disodium Derivative of Diacetylacetone,' Mr. A. W. Bain.
&tunu (Sasstp*
The Council of the Society of Arts are
holding a conversazione next Tuesday
evening in the gardens of the Royal Botanic
Society, Regent's Park.
The successor of the late M. Pierre
Curie at the French Academie des Sciences
in the " Section de Physique " is M. Gernez,
Professor of Chemistry at the Nicole Centrale,
who was elected this week by 37 out of
56 votes. M. Bouty received 15 votes.
The earth will be in aphelion on the
morning of the 3rd prox. The moon will
be full at 4h. 28m. (Greenwich time) on the
morning of the 6th, and new about an hour
after noon on the 21st ; she will be in perigee
on the 4th. A partial eclipse of the sun will
take place on the 21st ; which will be in-
visible in Europe, and best seen in the
South Atlantic Ocean. An occultation of
y Libras will take place on the evening of
the 2nd, and of y Tauri on the morning of the
17th. The planet Mercury will be at greatest
eastern elongation from the sun on the 15th,
and visible in the evening during the greater
part of the month, moving from the con-
stellation Cancer into Leo. Venus is very
brilliant in the evening, not setting at Green-
wich until past 10 o'clock ; on the 5th prox.
she will enter Leo, passing very near its
brightest star Regulus on the 14th, and be in
conjunction with the moon on the 24th.
Mars is not visible next month, being in con-
junction with the sun on the 15th. Jupiter
is near £ Tauri (the bull's southern horn),
rises earlier each morning, and will be
near the moon on the 19th. Saturn is in
Pisces, and rises now about 11 o'clock in the
evening, earlier each night.
The small planet No. 526, announced as
having been discovered by Prof. Max Wolf
at Heidelberg on March 14th, 1904, is found
to be identical with one discovered in 1901,
though not the one which was at first thought
probable.
An ephemeris of Finlay's periodical
comet for the appearance now expected is
published by M. Schulhof in No. 4100 of the
Astronomische Nachrichten. According to
his calculation, it is now in the constellation
Aquarius, moving in a north-easterly direc-
tion. But though its theoretical brightness
is greater now than when it was discovered
in 1886, we shall probably have to wait for
the next absence of moonlight before it will
be seen. The period is about 6^ years, and
the comet was observed at the return in
1893, but not at that in the winter of 1899-
1900, when it was unfavourably placed.
The Aslronomischer Jahresberichl, which
was started by the late Prof. W. F. Wislicenua
of Strassburg, and edited by him during
the six years 1899-1904, lias this year
been taken up by Prof. Berberich, of Berlin,
and the seventh volume, containing a caroful
abstract of all astronomical papers and pub-
lications which appeared in 1905, has recently
been issued. The total number of articles
amounts to 2,336, and the editors name is
a sufficient guarantee for the accuracy of the
work, which should proven) the greatest value
to all students of astronomical history and
literature. He acknowledges the assist-
ance of the Astronomische Gesellschaft,
which had also been accorded to his pre-
decessor, Prof. Wislicenus, an excellent
portrait of whom is given as a frontispiece
to the present volume.
The Berliner Astronomische s Jahrbuch for
1908 has recently been received, the editor,
as in previous years, being Prof. Bauschinger.
No change of importance has been made in
the data or tables from the preceding year.
Particulars are given of the total solar
eclipse of January 3rd, the central line of
which will pass over land only in some islets
in the Pacific Ocean, as was mentioned lately
by the Superintendent of ' The Nautical
Almanac ' in a paper read before the British
Astronomical Association ; also of two annular
solar eclipses, on June 28th and December
23rd respectively. Elements are given of the
orbits of 573 small planets, together with
ephemerides of 44 which come into opposi-
tion in the present year.
FINE ARTS
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
Greece. Painted by John Fulleylove,
described by Rev J. A. M'Clymont. (A. & C.
Black. ) — Mr. Fulleylove's companion volume
on Palestine was noticed some time ago in
these columns. The process adopted for
reproducing his coloured sketches has varied
results. Some of the pictures are decidedly
pretty, and there are good sky and cloud
effects in many of them ; but the tout
ensemble is not like Greece, especially in the
over-use of browns and blues, nor is the
blurred look of the nearer view, which in
Greece is almost always very clear and precise.
There is also a want of proper distribution in
the subjects. There are far too many of
Athens in comparison witli the rest ; and
the grandeur of Phocis or of Arcadia is want-
ing in the pictures taken from that splendid
scenery. The theatre of Epidaurus is hardly
recognizable, and the ' Lantern of Demos-
thenes ' seems rather copied from an old
print than from the actual state of the monu-
ment and its surroundings. To those who
have not seen the realities the book is, how-
ever, very attractive, and gives, at least, a
clear notion of Mr. Fulleylove's subjectivity
in his art.
The text has been entrusted to a gentle-
man who tells us that his main sources of
information are Grote and Mr. Frazer (both
admirable authorities), and that he has had
the advantage of visiting the country. He
has, perhaps, taken one of the popular tours,
for there is not much observation of his own
recorded, and the body of the book is history
and archaeology derived from a very honest
study of the two masters. But are these an
adequate equipment for a writer on modern
Greece? If the author could not supply
more than a few scanty observations of liis
own, why not have recourse to the dozens
of excellent picturesque books of travel, botli
English and French, which form a whole
library in themselves ? Mr. Horton's delight-
ful ' In Argolis ' (reviewed in these columns)
would have supplied more suitable material
than the ponderous tomes consulted. Need
we mention Eld. About and Ch. Diehl among
the French, assuming that Fiedler and Koss
and Ernst Curtius are in an unknown tongue?
Why not quote the delightful older travellers,
Clarke, Dodwell, Leake, whose descriptions
of many of the monuments are true at this
day? Why not. Sir K. Jebb'e sketch or
Dr. Mahaffy'a 'Rambles and Studies'!
Grote's great, work, written in a London
study, is devoid of local colour, and Mr.
Frazer is wholly devoted to antiquities. On
these, however, he is the very best of guides,
as Grote is on old Greek politics, and accord-
ingly Dr. M'Clymont has gathered for the
reader a good deal of sound information on
the history and the literature of Greece.
Wherever Grote is antiquated by modern
research, the book before us is so also, and
there are slips in names which lead one to
think that the printer is not wholly respon-
sible. There is a bit of newer information
in the author's remarks on the language of
modern Greece, and the controversy between
those who desire to revive the classical
tongue and those who desire to perfect the
actual speech and make it a literary idiom.
He is also entertaining on the wonderful
emeuie about the translation of the New
Testament into modern Greek. But he
perplexes us by quoting without comment
the remark of a local archbishop " that if
the newspapers would introduce but one
classical word each day, they would add
70,000 words to the language in the course
of 20 years." The arithmetic of this wonder-
ful sentence speaks for itself, but what are
we to say of a language which adds 70,000
words to its ordinary vocabulary. Has his
Grace ever calculated how many words he
uses in his own speech ? Has he ever read
how many words an author like Shakspeare
employs ? And did our author apply his
mind to the problem when he set down this
sentence ?
This handsome book is but another testi-
mony to the eternal fascination exercised
by Greece, and to the sound belief that Greek
studies will never grow obsolete till our
civilization begins to wane.
Old Pewter. By Malcolm Bell. (Newnes. )
— Mr. Malcolm Bell states frankly in liis
preface that this volume appeals far more
to the public by its numerous and carefully
chosen illustrations than by the information
conveyed in the letterpress. The chief
feature is certainly the excellent series
of upwards of a hundred plates, in some of
which the quiet silvery sheen of genuine
well-scoured pewter is cunningly reproduced.
Most of these plates include several objects,
though each detail is perfectly clear and
distinct, with the result that the pictures of
pewter surpass both in importance and
number those of far more expensive volumes,
such as Mr. Masse's ' Pewter Plate.' This
book certainly ought to be in the hands of
every collector of genuine old pewter, for
here are illustrated a wealth of good examples
of pepper-boxes, mustard-pots, salt-cellars,
flagons, tappit-hens, toddy-ladles, soup-
ladles, every variety of spoon, altar vessels,
ewers, cruetstands, bowls, plates, porringers,
barbers' bowls, tea and coffee pots, eggcups,
sugar basins, canisters, tobacco-boxes, snuff-
boxes, and inkpots, as well as a variety of
foreign benitiers. In his modest preface Mr.
Malcolm Bell states that ho makes no pre-
tence of laying before the reader any entirely
novel discoveries concerning pewter, and
fully acknowledges his indcbtcxlnos to other
writers, such as Messrs. Starkie Gardner,
Welch, Masse, and Ingleby Wood. Never-
theless, his various brief chapters show a
considerable mastery of, and love for, his
subject.
One of the weak points of the letterpress
is the 'Useful Books of Reference,1 a list
which occupies tally a single page imme-
diately before the index. In it are copied
several blunders made by Mr. Masse in the
bibliography of his larger work, and the
omissions are glaring. To turn a, well-know n
layman, the late Mr. J. E. Nightingale, who
wrote so well on the church plate of Dorset
and Wiltshire, into a "Reverend" is a
trivial mistake : hut it shows that Ma
HO |
Til E A Til ENjEUM
N U05. June 30, 1906
hi bai been folli >wed, end t hat the bi
have not been ooneolted el firs! bend. It
will surprise men] to leern thai the " Rev.
.1. EC. Nightingale" also wrote ■ book on
' The Church Plate of the County of Norfolk';
whereas the reel writer >>m much of tin- plate
of tlmt oounty is not bo muoh ee ntioned.
In short, tli>' only works named in this
insignificant bat tlmt deal with ohurch
pewter are wrongly cited; whilst the
important I k> thai deal with Buoh pewter
for the oounty of Kent, London, Bfiddli
Essex, Suffolk, Pembroke, and Hereford,
and the diocese of Llandaff, are ignored.
Mr. Redman's unpretentious, but distinctly
valuable book on pewter in general ought
also to have been included, even in the briefest
list of such works.
Bad the writer been a zealous antiquary,
he would have found very muoh hither-
to unnoticed materia] as to the use.
supply, and cost of pewter in England in
medieval days. Hut wo are glad to notice
that he has made a special feature
of the valuable and interesting hoard of
pewter found by the Rev. C. H. Engleheart
on a Roman site near Andover in 1897, and
given three plates of these dishes and vessels.
The peculiar interest attaching to this hoard
is that it almost certainly represents a set
of sacramental vessels of the Romano-British
Church, concealed in the fourth century.
Medallic Illustrations of the History of
Great Britain and Ireland. Plates XXXI.-
XL. (Printed by order of the Trustees of
the British Museum.) — Although justifiable
complaints continue to be made of the
dilatoriness of the British Museum autho-
rities in cataloguing or duly dealing with
British coins, it is pleasant to find that the
medals of the national collection pertaining
to Great Britain and Ireland are being ade
quately treated. The present set of ten
folio plates, issued in a portfolio with accom-
panying sheets of letterpress, deals with a
very large number of memorial medals and
badges of the seventeenth century. The
representations, after a photographic process,
are adequate and clear, and the brief printed
account sufficient. But complaint may
be made of their sequence or arrange-
ment, which is apparently the result of hap-
hazard, or at all events on no intelligible
principle. Thus on plates xxxi. and xxxii.
are late memorials of Charles I. and his
queen, struck at the close of his life or shortly
afterwards ; but on plate xxxiv. we go back
to such pieces as James I. and Prince
Charles, 1625, Gustavus Adolphus and his
queen, 1630, and others of slightly later
date. In the main, however, the plates of
this section refer to the close of the reign
of Charles I., to the Commonwealth and its
victories.
A large silver memorial, issued in 1649,
well executed in Saxony by Hoinrich Reitz
the younger, bears delicate representations
of Charles I. and his queen, and on the reverse
a many-headed monster, symbolizing the
variety of passions then agitating the people
of England.
Sev ral examples are given of Charles I.
and Henrietta Maria on silver counters,
issued respectively in 1632 and 1636, belong-
ing to sets of thirty-six pieces, hearing figures
of English sovereigns from Edward the Con-
fessor to Charles I., with royal connexions
to make up the full number. The examples
ot tlie Commonwealth period include, in
addition to Cromwell, Fairfax, and Ireton,
medals commemorative of men of much less
renown, such as Henry Scoboll, clerk
of the Parliament, and John Lilbume, a
factious demagogue. The battle of Dunbar,
1650, was signalized by medals in gold, silver.
copper, and lead, issued as a military reward
for those present at the engagement. The
dies t"r the larger of these medals •
covered " somewhat reoently" (why not
the exact date ?) in pulling down a wall
at Buraley, which had formed pan ■•! a
residence of Riohard Cromwell. A line
series of medals commemorates the sea
victories of ]»;.",.{ ; wluUt a medal ot singular
beauty and delicacy was struck in silver to
perpetuate the memory "i I be 1 1 iot league
of amity entered into on April 16th, l<i.">».
between the two republics of England and
Holland ; it was struck in Holland, and was
the work of Sebastian Dadler. Some other
medals of the same peace are lacking both
in grace and execution. Later medals record
the battle of Dunkirk, 1658, and the death
of Cromwell. A largo vari( ty of small silver
badges of Charles II., intended to be iron
secretly as tokens of royalist convictions,
shortly before the Restoration, are also
illustrated.
A Handbook of Greek and Roman Sculpture.
By II von Mach, Ph.D. To accompany a
Collection of Reproductions of Greek and
Roman Sculpture. (Boston, U.S., Bureau
of University Travel.) — The title of this book
is misleading, for it is not a handbook in the
usually accepted meaning of the word. This
is the more to be regretted, since the volume,
and especially the plates that accompany it,
are likely to prove very useful to students.
The plates consist of 500 photographic repro-
ductions, on a small scale, of Greek and
Roman sculpture. They bear, in fact, much
the same relation to a work like the splendid
but cumbrous Brunn-Briickmann ' Denk-
maler ' that M. Reinach's " pocket edition ';
bears to the volumes of Clarac. Dr. von
Mach's selection is not, however, identical
with Bninn's ; it is, on the whole, very well
made, and includes, as well as almost all
the best-known works, a great many that
are less familiar, even to archaeologists. The
reproductions are mostly good ; in a few-
cases the scale is too small to show the model-
ling clearly ; but the addition of a consider-
able number of heads serves to give more
detail where it is most wanted.
The volume of text is to a great extent a
catalogue to correspond with the 500 plates.
It would, indeed, have been better if the
author had made it more definitely a cata-
logue of his selection, after the manner of
Friedrichs-Wolters's catalogue of the Berlin
casts. But, for no apparent reason, he gives
up the catalogue form after No. 34 S.
Possibly it may not be necessary for the
grave reliefs ; but for the portraits and heads
a brief discussion of the date and style of
each, and a quotation of authorities, are
wanted by any student, and are only im-
perfectly supplied in the running text.
The Preface apologizes for the brevity of the
latter pages ; but the space could easily
have been gained by greater simplicity and
conciseness in the catalogue portion ; such
conciseness would have been an improvement,
and, coupled with more accuracy in expres-
sion, would lrave increased the value of the
book.
The frequent inaccuracies, both in Creek
and English forms, may be due, in part, to
the printing; but they tend to shake the
confidence of the render. A complete list
of these would be tedious; one or two
examples must suffice. On p. 64 we find
mention of " the tiara of TlSSaphernes in
the Louvre, and the Tenagra figures in
Boston," and on p. 269 " Lysikratas the
victor and Kuaintes, the an lion.'' Ad-
jectives such as " Skopadean " and " Per-
gamenian," forms like " Besperide" and
Gelations," " divinition" and " resortful,"
ai
e found ude by lids with such •
" (noun), " bs
position), '■ stock] ." and tin
Familiar " dump " ; we bear of the " id.
ficution of ie with an
the " unreality of a body showing thr<
erment," and -•. on. Tl
merely deficiency in expression, but .
lack of clearness in thouf I \ peculis
unfortunate term, whicl more than
Once, i- " apotvgma or bib. And
student turning over the plates will be
puzzled not merely by such varia'
Spelling as •• Damophon " and " Damu-
phon," but by finding reliefs from the
same building attributed on cons
plates to the Treasury of the Cnidians and
the Treasury of the Siphnian.-. It is tl
there is a doubt as to which it i-. but
this is not a good way to record
divergence of opinion-. Nor
references to earlier writers in all cases
correct. Thus the credit — if it be a credit
— of assigning the ' Apollo Belvedere ' to
Leochares i> assigned to M. Collignon, but
that author is careful to say lie is quot
Dr. Winter on the matter. Though 1m.
von Mach expressly refrains froi ices
to the ordinary text-books, there are refer-
ences to " E. von Mach's (heck Sculptui
on almost every other page. Are not the
indexes of that work complete enough for
these also to have been dispensed with ': 1
A criticism such as this may Beem unduly
severe; but the book is worth it. The
selection of plates must ha- a great
deal of trouble, and the result is really a
boon to students. If the author would add
to them a complete and concise catalogue,
in simple and intelligible language, he would
increase the gratitude that is his due. What
he has done is both too little and too much ;
and the faults that have been indicated
tend to make any scholar view the book
with a distrust which, on the whole, it does
not merit. The publishers would do well
to supply a stronger case to hold the 500-
plates. The present one is soon broken by
their weight, and it is not easy to impro\
a satisfactorv substitute.
MAXETS FROM THE FAURE
COLLECTION AT SULLEY 'SGALLER1
This exhibition (open till July 7th) is an
important occasion for Londoners who wish
to study a much-talked-of painter. a- to
whose true position in the hierarchy of art
opinion is still, even at this hour, somewhat
divided. The truth is that while he is-
everywhere famous in England, he has been
very little Been among us : his enormous
reputation with us is built on a very small
basis of positive knowledge, but buttressed,
bracketed, and underpinned by twenty
years of literary appreciation. Such artificial
supports must in the long run come away,
and those who are solicitous for the safety
of the structure will do well to provide
against this contingency, to lose no
opportunity of adding to the basis
of actual knowledge on which ulti-
mately nn arti>t's reputation must rest.
While the opportunities of familiar acquaint-
ance with Manet's work are as rare as they
are at present, it may seem premature to
clear away the mass of hearsay evidence on
which he has hitherto been judged, and
which, after all. in so far as it i> inspired by
honest enthusiasm, is entitled to a certain
weight. It has come, however, to carry
such weight at the present day that the
average modest man is hypnotized by the
N° 4105, June 30, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
805
mere name of Manet, and forces himself to
see in any work signed by the magic name
qualities that he would never discern were
it signed by Brown or Robinson.
Dangerous as must ever be such a state
of things, as contributing to that stifling
atmosphere of humbug that hangs so sadly
round the appreciation of art, yet of all his
confreres of this period of French art none
•quite so well as Manet deserves to have
opened for him such a special credit account.
He seems to have expressly made up his
mind to set down nothing in paint that the
average eye could see for itself, and in this
hatred for the ordinary he cared little
■enough that his pictures should be attractive
to the usual picture-loving public — hardly,
sometimes, that they should be intelligible.
To that public, accustomed to a more con-
ventional art, the present exhibition is useful
.as offering them a canvas that is a sort of
introduction to the appreciation of Manet.
La Vierge au Lapin, after Titian's famous
picture in the Louvre, is a delightful work,
its facture very unlike that of Titian,
yet retaining much of his splendour. The
blues are not very good — indeed painted
directly in solid paint as they are, could
hardly have the quality of Titian's more
■craftsmanlike procedure ; yet with this
reservation the colour is fine, with something
of the limpid clarity of execution of an
aquarelle. Clearly, if the painter of such a
picture afterwards abandoned this simply
sufficient manner of representing men and
-women in the old conventional way, it was
irom no lack of capacity in that direction.
Impatient of its artificial shifts and devices
(now a falsely visible, but explanatory
outline, now the discreet suppression of a
harsh transition), he did so abandon it in
favour of a manner of rendering facts based
more closely on reality, or, let us rather say,
on appearances, for the devotees of an older
art will hardly recognize in this exhibition
any " reality " to compare with the easy
naturalness of Titian ; and their conservatism
is not surprising, for the man who renders with
great perfection Nature's qualities of unity,
dignity, suavity, by means analogous to hers,
but by no means identical, has an evident
advantage over one who pretends to literal
truth, whom we can follow step by step to
•catch him tripping. The man in the street
is never so severe as on a painter who is
right on every point but one. " Even I,"
he exclaims, " can see that it is wrong " —
never thinking of the slipshod realization
he accepts every day, because no one thing
in it is right enough to show how wrong the
others are.
Nor is this the only reason that would
make Manet a difficult painter for the
average art-lover to accept, were it not that
he comes as a genius so highly accredited.
The main reason is nat his literalism, but a
certain aristocratic reserve that makes that
literalism incomplete. Few men have more
hated saying the obvious, and when he could
find nothing fresh or interesting to say on
the subject of detail, lie had a lordly way of
leaving it out, which is sometimes splendid,
but sometimes merely chaotic, and is. to
speak broadly, the one or the other according
as his subject enabled him to simplify it into
the large silhouette that he mastered so
well, or left on his hands a patchwork of
small forms which he was never very good at
marshalling. The Kochefort portrait may he
taken as an example of t lie one, or the rat her
clumsier Buveur d1 Absinthe. On the other
hand, Lc Port de Bordeaux is a kind of
subject which, if you do not study its * i . tail
thoroughly and affectionately, resolves itself
into a multitudinous riot of summary brush-
strokes, not sufficiently varied to lie other
than confusing. A painter like Boudin,
while hardly attempting closer realization,
would have held the thread of interest in
such loose and suggestive painting by dint
of his absorbed delight in the subject. Here
there is something like contempt, as though
the thing deserved no closer study. Yet even
here, in a picture that would get scant atten-
tion if it were not by Manet, there is some-
thing to reward that attention in the curious
poignancy of colour that scarcely ever
deserts this painter.
His colour is not luxuriously delightful,
like that of most of the great colourists of
an earlier day, but is always refreshing.
" Dites-moi ca vertement " was a literary
direction quoted by Stevenson as having
been one of the most stimulating he ever
received ; and Manet would seem to have
felt the virtue of the adverb. To push
further the inquiry as to wherein precisely
lies this curiously refreshing quality of his
colour is a delicate matter ; but perhaps
the secret lies in his power of painting un-
deniably in colour, yet at the same time
retaining the full " black and white " force
of nature. The way of fine colourists has
been rather to minimize this " black and
white " contrast, making the greater part
of the picture an almost flat field of
slightly varying inlaid tints, the richness
of their variety enhanced by their being
almost of the same tone — a field in which
the different planes and different objects
disengage each from the other as much by
differences of colour as by differences of tone.
Manet, on the contrary, has a tremendous
range of tone, and yet never appears to paint
in tinted monochrome ; nor is this due to
the use of any exceptional range of colour
with very brilliant pigments, but entirely
to his great breadth in grouping his tints.
By comparison with him almost any other
painter is a little sleepy, though there are
plenty of painters beside whom he will seem
dprc and disagreeable.
Yet beauty of a kind he can certainly offer,
thanks to an admirable sense of the proper
use of paint. It is on this side that, like
most successful innovators, he has a fund of
conservatism, not so much in evidence in
this exhibition as in some of his work.
Indeed, when it is considered what ancient
history the movement he headed is now
become, it is strange to find that the average
frequenter of picture exhibitions still gets
something of a shock from the sight of these
pictures. Yet even he will admit the beauty
of the Grand Canal (in which Manet shows
that he has blues of his own hardly less
beautiful than those of Titian), and the
mastery of the great still-life La Brioche,
with its marvellous rendering of some blue
plums, its tactless insistence on the light
contour of some peaches, he bon Bock, the
most famous of the pictures, has a mar-
vellously painted head which touches on
mastery : but at a distance the figure fails
to disengage naturally, for all its clever
draughtsmanship of podgy legs and body.
In the same galleries, and fitly to be con-
sidered with the Manets, is an unusually
line portrait of a lady by (ioya. of the same
silky texture of paint as the ' Dr. Feral ' at
the National Gallery. The dress is a beauti-
ful piece of modelling in semi-transparent
black ; the head. too. is well characterized,
but lacks just that happy conjunction of
type thai makes ' Dr. IVral,' with the face
of a smooth and subtle plotter, the verj
man to be rendered by such a technique.
THE NEW ENGLISH ART CUB.
Tins exhibition is not, of a high level of
all-round excellence, but is to be visited for
a few admirable pictures. Mr. Wilson Steer's
Music Room is perhaps the finest figure
picture he has yet done. Executed in a
technique which we regard as a little mis-
taken, it is nevertheless a most beautiful
work, delightfully in tune, handled with a
rare combination of breadth and delicacy.
The standing figure comes as near to being
a life-like representation of a human creature
as Mr. Steer has permitted in his work ; and
the design, with its touch of severity in the
lines, the steadying square form in the centre
from the sunlit window, is one of the best,
and certainly one of the pleasantest, that
have been achieved by an impressionist
whose design arises strictly from the form
and colour offered by a natural " effect " of
accidental lighting. Alongside this very
pleasurable picture Mr. Walter Sickert's
Nodes Ambrosiance seems rather meagre
and unattractive ; it has, however, a certain
distinction that verges on beauty, and is
full of observation set down with singular
succinctness and a certain historical severity
by no means devoid of humour. It is a
picture that may be relied upon to retain
its charm and value.
Another and more closely modern painter
of history is Mr. Muirhead Bone, whose
Construction of an Underground shows
him in his Jamiliar mastery, in his familiar
genre. To any one who has witnessed the
urban transformations of the last few
years it must have been evident that
with reasonable luck there would arise
a Muirhead Bone. He has made himself
so definitely the poet of the builder's derrick
and the housebreaker' desolation as to
become identified with architectural catas-
trophe. One of the first reflections that
followed our natural regret or the San
Francisco disaster was that here was Nature
catering for Mr. Muirhead Bone.
A third picture that has something of the
same historic value is Mr. Rothenstein's
Jews in the Synagogue, and all three painters
are to be congratulated on having found a
line of work with some raison d'etre beyond
the lyrical impulse or the photographic
habit. Mr. Condor's Sea Nymphs is an
example of the one, not without decorative
charm, and it contrasts rather favourably
with Mr. Sargent's Siviss Tourists, which is
an example of the other, and for which there
is little to be said in spite of its vulgar
cleverness. Mr. Rothenstein's ' Synagogue '
is a very serious work, which suffers a little
from a rather piecemeal execution, the con-
siderable variety in its impasto being some-
what sporadic, instead of arising from the
large structure of the group. The red
curtain, too, is unfortunate, though one
sees its value as giving a sort of casting vote
between the rival claims of two standing
figures that echo one another with awkward
similarity. The picture is very valuable
us saving the reputation of an exhibition
that is particularly weak in this direction
of serious and careful painting. The absence
of the work of Mr. George Thomson and of
Mr. Orpen — two men who stand for a sane,
if narrow efficiency in the art of painting—
is somewhat severely felt, though the paint-
ing of Mr. John's Sir Jolm Brunner is. for
him, curiously like the intense, but rather
piecemeal realization that one connects
with Mr. Orpen's name. The exhibition
shows mi unusually large amount of dis-
integrated painting witness Mr. Tonka
with his Crystal-gazers or Mr. Harrison's
portrait, [nfinitely to be preferred to this
sort of thing is Mr. Roger Fry's Farm in
Calvados, which has more native charm
than he usually shows, w itli no lapse from his
standard of technical elegance. Mr. Holmes
has something of the same decadent grace:
lie seems refined and accomplished enough,
but wants driving power. Mr. MacColl,
THE ATM KN/KCM
N 410 >. J\ n 30, 1006
(I,,, tlin. I pensioner In tins home (or art
oritios, Uf the I ..tons timong them,
l, iii we have "ii it previou ion pro
d against ins retirement into the domain
of elegant architectural drawing.
i \ii:o MONUMENTS.
In Thu Mix ii" urn of June 23rd. it is stated,
in relation to the preservation of the Coptic
monuments in Cairo, thai the work proct
somewhat slowly. As it is so easy to make
mistakes, it is perhaps well that repairs of
the nature undertaken Bhould proceed with
deliberation. I have bad the pleasure to
inspect the works, and can truly Bay that
great care is being taken.
Your readers w ill be glad t<> hear of repairs
being undertaken at monuments more
majestic than any of the Christian churches
in Cairo.
The two monasteries near Sohag, the
Deir-el-Abiad and the Deir-el-Ahmar, are
the mosl important churches in Egypt.
They were in a Borry condition, the north
enclosure wall of the Deir-el-Abiad threaten-
ing at any moment to crush the church
w it bin.
Some three years since I ventured to call
Lord Cromer's attention to the precarious
state of these buildings. His lordship
quickly took the matter in hand, and had
an interview with the Patriarch, who under-
took to meet a Government grant by sub-
scribing a handsome sum — I think 1,0007.
Herz Bey, architect to the Comite de
Conservation, was quickly on the spot, and
such conservative measures were adopted
that the buildings are now out of danger,
whilst the squalid houses built up inside
the ancient walls are removed.
Somers Clarke.
SALES.
UODERS PICTURES ANT) DRAWINGS.
On Saturday and Monday last, Messrs. Christie
held two sales, which were interesting from
different points of view. The first consisted of
a collection of modern pictures and water-colour
drawings, chiefly of the continental schools, the
property of a gentleman in Paris. The works were
for the most part by artists of the Impressionist
School, and by do means good examples.
The few pictures that realized prices of any note
were : Joseph Bail, Scouring the Pot, 105gs. G.
Courbet, A Valley Scene, 95gs. E. Verhoeck-
hoven, Ewes and Lambs on the Sea Coast, 235gs. ;
A Peasant driving Ewes and Lambs into a Shed,
300gs. F. Ziem, La Come d'Or, 260ge.
The far more important sale on Monday con-
sisted of the collection of modern pictures and
drawings by English artists of Mr. Laurence W.
Hudson, of Compton Hall, near Wolverhampton.
Many of the artists represented are still living,
and are among the men of the New English Art
Club or the independents generally. A number of
the drawings and pictures fell to artists, among
whom was Mr. (J. ( 'lausen, who is understood to
lie acting on behalf of the National Gallery of
Australia at Melbourne; Mr. Whitworth Walks,
of the Birmingham Art Gallery, was also a con-
siderable purchaser. The total realized by the
is; lots was (i.-II.V. Loa.
Drawings: W. Blake, The Day of Destruction,
Ford Madox Brown, The Nosegay, 62gs.
I). Cox, Landscape, With figures, and cart crossing
a common. 72gs. Sir E. Burne-Jones, A Sibyl oi
Rome, cartoon for window at Jesus College, Cam-
bridge, 58g8. ; 17 pencil drawings for illustrations
and initial letters tor an illuminated Missal (never
completed), and L2 designs for the 12 hooks of the
.Lucid. HOgs. S. Palmer, Driving Cattle thn
a Wood, sunset. 52gB. 1 >. <i. Itnssetti. How They
met Themselves, pen-and-ink, Kings. ; Dr. John-
son and the would-be Methodist Ladies at the
Mitre, pen-and-ink, <i"igs. Turner, Brinkburn
Priory, On the Coquet, engraved by Van-all in
ls.il in the 'England and Wa
i.it the (olio! sed 1,060
Mow bray Vale, HOg*.) ; Killieorankie, the % igi
iven bj M illei in l S36 t"i •■! a
« o .mdi.it hei ,' lOOg • ' at t he N de ot
18T7) i St. Gothard, 7 5g . I. \ nl.il. Youth,
■ I, .V2gs. .1. M. Whistler, Nelly, penoil, -■
Pit buret Ford Madox Brow n, ( the
Court oi Edward III. 250 Leyland
100 - i oid the Bibbj Bir L.
Burne-Jones, The Blue Angel, I60gs, A. Lej
Cupid and Psyche, L70ga Bir J. L. Millais, The
Waterfall, the original outdooi study for the i>-e k
ground to the portrait oi Buskin, 210 I H.
Shannon, A Souvenir ot Van Dyok : Miss Kate
Bargood in a Marmiton dress, 100m. P. W. v
The Japanese Gown, LSOgs. <■. P. Watts, NTeptt
Horses, on panel, I ■ !
Early Italian School: The Annunciation, on the
predella subjects representing the birth, presenta-
tion in the Temple, and death of the Virgin, on
panel, 540gs.
THE KMII.K MOI.IMKK S.W.K.
The seven days' sale ot the collection of objects
of art formed by Kmile Molinier, the accomplished
expert, who for many years held an appointment
in the Louvre, and whose death was noticed in Tht
Athevii'vm of May 12th, has been the Paris sensa-
tion of the last few days. It began on Thursday
week, and concluded on Thursday. The first four
days showed a total of (J44,482fr. A few only of
the principal objects can be here noticed. A
triptych by Cranaoh with the Holy Family realiz.ed
122,(>00fr. ; a Robbia medallion with the Virgin in
adoration, the Infant Jesus supported by an angel,
20,100fr. Four pieces of tapestry produced a total
of 71,600fr.; and a carved ivory group representing
the Virgin seated, with the Infant Jesus, Spanish
work "de l'epoque romaine," 17,l()0fr. Among the
sculptures in stone was a statuette of ' Sainte
Marthe debout sur la Tarasque,' for which M.
Molinier gave 600fr. , and which now realized
40,000fr. A fragment of has - relief with St.
Michael, "les ailes eployees, transpercant la tete
du dragon," produced 12,000fr., and was purchased
for the Louvre, for which was also acquired, at
7,.">00fr., a bust of St. Sebastian, French work of
the sixteenth century ; whilst a fourteenth-century
group of the Virgin holding the Infant Jesus on the
left arm brought 10,500fr.
3fitu-^.rt (gossip.
The short editorial article of the July
number of The Burlington Magazine deals
with the vacancy amongst the Trustees of
the National Gallery caused by the death
of Sir Charles Tennant. It is suggested
that the number of Trustees should be
increased from eight to twelve, and that
representatives of the National Art-Collec-
tions Fund should be appointed. Prof.
C. J. Holmes publishes a portrait by James
Northcote with a note, and also contributes
a second article on 'The Development of
Rembrandt as an Etcher,1 from 1630 to
1636. Mr. Bernhard Sickert writes on
' Modern Painters of 1906,' dealing chiefly
with the Royal Academy and the two Salons.
Mr. .lames Weale concludes bis account of
the exhibit ion of Netherlandish Art at the
Guildhall, and also contributes a note on
' Livina Teerlinc, Miniaturist.' The Exhibi-
tion of Early German Art now being held
at the Burlington Fine-Arts Club is dealt
with by Mr. Lionel Cost. Mr. Aymer Vallanee.
and Mr. Charles Kieketts ; and Mr. M. L.
Solon writes on 'Coloured Lottery of the
Renaissance in the Austrian Country.' The
American section includes a reproduction of
Botticelli's ' Lucretia,' from the Gardner
Collect ion at Lost on. with a note by Mr.
F. .1. Mid her. and an article on "The Puzzle
of Recent Auction Prices.'
Tin: veteran landscape painter Karl
Hummel, whose death is announced from
Weimar, formed a link with the past in more
sensos than one. for be was the son of the
cian Johann Nepomuk Hummel, and
in to childhood be frequently < ame
oloa t with < Soethe, •• >im
playfellowi lb we* born in 1H21 at
Weimai [ling with hi
agland and ■ • came the pupil
of PreUer. 'I I ough only uxteen
be assisted Preller in bis fam< ires
from the 0 L Humn •
bind painted mostly iron, an u
point of view, '.■ one time extremely
popular, and are to be found in most of -
German gallerii -. [n spite <>f hi
he worked almost to the last, and made
few core in style to modern I
yet his paintings generally found purchaai
lb- was naturally very proud of hi^- remi-
niscences of Goethe. Nothing gives u
clearer idea of the great poet's personality
than the impression he made on all who saw
him in their childhood, even though, like
Hummers wife, who survives hi:
were only five years of age at the time.
The Exhibition of Mr. Evert Moll's works
which we mentioned last week does not,
we find, open till next Tuesday, when the
private view occurs at the Gallery of the
Royal Society of Painters in Water ("lours.
Marat is to have his statue, which was
decided upon eight years ago by the 'Radicale
Socialiste " majority of the Paris Const 1
Municipal, not without opposition. The
commission was given to M. Jean Hat-
who has represented Marat in the act of
expiring after the visit of Charlotte Corday.
Ox Friday, the 22nd hist., the monument to
celebrate the Battle of the Spurs in 1
was set up on the plain of Groeninghe, now
a public garden, at Courtrai The memorial
consists of an allegorical group representing
the Maid of Flanders armed with the famous
" goedendag," and the Lion of Flanders
crouching at her feet. The work is cast in
bronze, and the statue of the Maid is 23 ft.
high. The sculptor. M. Devreese, is well
known in Belgium for the excellence of his
work, and appropriately was born at Courtrai,
which celebrated the six hundredth anni-
versary of the great victory of the communes
four years ago. and then determined on
erecting a suitable memorial, which has now
been done.
The July number of The Antiquary will
contain, among others, the following articles :
'The Discoveries of Roman Remains at
Sicklesmere and Villa Faustini,' by Mr.
G. Basil Barham : ' Buckfast Abbey: the
Phoenix of the West ' (illustrated), by Miss
Olive Katherine Parr ; ' Walter de Langi
and the Bishop's Dam." by Mr. K. A. Pat-
more ; 'An Ancient .Muniment ('best at
Dersingham, Norfolk ' (illustrated), by Mr.
George Bailey; and the concluding part of
' Robin Hood." by Sir Edward Brabrook.
Tin; forthcoming number of Tht Reliquary
and Illustrated Archaeologist will contain
articles on ' Lastingham Holies.' by 'Mr.
.1. Charles Wall: 'Christian Carthage.' by
Miss Sophia Beale : ' Lights i^\ othei
by Mr. F. R. Coles; and ' Sprott's Illus-
trated chronicle.' by Mi. W. Heneage L.
Tin: Congress o\ Archaeological Societ
to be held at Burlington II OSe On Wednes-
day next, will have a full programme.
Besides the Report of the Committee for
recording Earthworks, which is said to be
of an interest in',' character, I >r. Haverfield
will call intention to the Ordnance Survey
in it-, relation to archaeology. There will
also be a Report from the Committee for
promoting the Study of Court Rolls, ap-
pointed last year on the motion of Garter
King-of-Arms. The honorary secretary will
propose a scheme for recording churchyard
inscriptions ; and after lunch Dr. Haverfield
N°4105, June 30, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
807
will speak on ' The Abuse of the Term Late-
Celtic'
The Glasgow Archaeological Society will
■celebrate its jubilee in November next.
During the last twenty- five years in par-
ticular it has done good work in varied
departments of research, and notably by
the publication of its Committee's elaborate
Report on researches on the line of the
Anto nine Wall ; its membership is only
second in Scotland to that of the Society of
Antiquaries of Scotland.
MUSIC
THE WEEK.
Crystal Palace. — The Handel Festival.
This festival has happened in the
midst of a busy season, and one in which
the part played by Handel is, as usual,
very small. Apart, indeed, from ' The
Messiah ' (the popularity of which does not
depend solely upon its musical merits),
the famous Largo, the so-called ' Har-
monious Blacksmith ' Variations, and a
few songs from the operas and oratorios,
the art-work of Handel is almost un-
known to the general public. It is
well, therefore, that, at any rate once
in three years, the Crystal Palace festival
and the handwriting, as it were, on the
wall of the Great Transept of the titles
of Handel's many oratorios should re-
mind the musical world of a genius
that produced many great works. The
composer had to live by his art, and
hence made concessions to convention
and to public taste, yet in spite of these
things he immortalized his name.
The first day on Tuesday began, as
usual, with ' The Messiah,' of which an
impressive performance was given. The
singing of the choir in " And the glory of
the Lord " was heavy, and seemed to
foreshadow a mechanical kind of render-
ing. But there soon came a change, and
with it proof that Dr. F. H. Cowen must
have taken great pains at rehearsals in
the matter of declamation of words and
lights and shades, so as to reveal the
meaning and expressive character of the
music. We would especially note the
singing of " For unto us a Child is born,"
" All we like sheep," " Surely He hath
borne our griefs," and the " Hallelujah."
The tone of the choir is extremely fine,
and the voices are fairly well balanced ;
it only needed a little more power
and will on the part of the sopranos
to enable us to say " thoroughly well."
The soloists were Mesdames Albani and
Ada Crossley, and Messrs. Ben Davies
and Santley, the last named, who has been
connected witli the festivals for over forty
years, singing witli wonderful vigour. Of
such artists the names suffice. Dr. ( 'owen
had good reason to be satisfied with the
result of the first day.
Queen's Hall. — Vienna Philharmonic
Society.
The first of the three conceits by the
Vienna Philharmonic Society took place
at Queen's Hall on Tuesday evening.
The programme opened with the ' Meister-
singer ' Overture. Then came Mozart's
Symphony in G minor, in which the excel-
lence of the band and the skill of the con-
ductor, Herr Franz Schalk, were fully
ma.de manifest. The tempo of the first
movement was somewhat hurried, and
this, together with the massive tone from
the large body of instrumentalists, 117 in
number, naturally interfered somewhat
witli the delicacy and plaintive charm of
the music. The next number was the
Overture to Weber's ' Oberon,' which was
given with magnificent dash and brilliancy.
Many fine performances of this overture
have been heard in Queen's Hall, but this
one was the most exciting. The audience
tried hard to get it repeated, but Herr
Schalk resisted the request, being pro-
bably well aware that a second impres-
sion, following so closely, was not likely to
be so strong as the first.
Sir Edward Elgar's Orchestral Varia-
tions were played, and with great — we
would almost say too much — attention to
detail. The concert ended with Beet-
hoven's Symphony in c minor, but in
the rendering of it an element of
sensationalism made itself felt which did
not quite become the work ; as when a
great pianist in interpreting Beethoven's
' Waldstein ' or ' Appassionata ' Sonata
gives prominence, however slight it may
be, to the letter of the music. The per-
formance of the symphony, in any case,
was striking, and created a strong
impression.
Queen's Hall. — British-Canadian Festival
Concert.
The British-Canadian Festival Concert at
Queen's Hall on Wednesday evening was
very successful. Sir Alexander Mackenzie
conducted his genial and clever ' Bri-
tannia' Overture and effective ' Canadian '
Rhapsody, Sir Charles Stanford his fine
second 'Irish' Rhapsody, Sir Hubert
Parry his dignified choral setting of ' Blest
Pair of Sirens,' and Dr. Cowen his fan-
ciful and delicately scored ' Butterfly's
Ball ' Overture. Then came Dr. C. A.*E.
Harriss's choral idyll ' Pan,' the music of
which, by reason of its simplicity and tune-
fulness, makes a ready appeal. The com-
poser, too, keeps the best for the last.
The baritone solo " Dear voice, 0 sweet,"
is quaint and taking, while the final chorus
shows taste and skill. The soloists were
Mile. Donalda, Miss Ida Kahn, and Messrs.
J. Harrison and Ffrangcon Davies. Sir
Edward Elgar was unable, through an
accident to his knee, to appear and conduct
his 'Cockaigne' Overture, but Sir A.
Mackenzie kindly took his place.
The London Symphony Orchestra was
engaged, and there was a choir of two
hundred and fifty voices.
ElsoWa Music Dictionary. (Boston, U.S.,
Oliver Ditson Company.) — Compilers of
dictionaries feel it their duty to justify their
adding t" the number. The addition to
foreign words of an English phonel to spelling,
which \\ill be found useful to the aven
teacher, and the inclusion of some of the
most recent details of research, are two of
the important reasons assigned. One feature,
however, is not named : the volume contains
many terms, especially foreign ones, not
usually found in musical dictionaries. It has
been carefully compiled. Under ' Concerto '
the Litolf pianoforte concerto, with its four
movements, might, however, have been men-
tioned. Con sordini is said to be used in
pianoforte music, but con sordino is noted
in connexion with string instruments only ;
yet both terms were formerly used in jiiano-
forte music. The definition, " The double
fugue is two fugues going on at the same
time ; that is, it presents two subjects and
two answers, worked up simultaneously,"
is neither clear nor elegantly expressed.
For the most part, however, this handy
dictionary deserves commendation.
Modem Harmony in its Tlieory and
Practice. By Arthur Foote and Walter R.
Spalding. (Leipsic, A. P. Schmidt.) — When
a rule is constantly broken by one great
composer ofter another, the fault is probably
in the rule, not in the composers. This
opinion was expressed by Prof. Prout in the
first edition of his ' Harmony,' and the
authors of the work under notice a.gree with
him. At the present day, indeed, when
composers are making such bold harmonic
experiments, defying rules to which the
classical composers for the most part con-
formed, any system of harmony, if it is
not to be very short-lived, must recognize,
even if it cannot fully explain, what is taking
place. Our authors accordingly quote not
only the classics but also Tschai'kowsky,
Cesar Franck, Sir Edward Elgar, and that
arch-innovator Debussy.
We agree with the statement that chords
of the 9th, 11th, and 1 3th for the most part
"enter by means of suspensions, appogia-
turas, and passing or auxiliary toner.'' But
when the student is told that " the feeling
of musicians has become so modified of late
years that we may practically say that
no cross relation is forbidden that sounds
tolerably well," we think that he ought to
be also informed as to what, in the opinion
of experienced musicians, dots sound
"tolerably well." It might also, we think,
have been pointed out that the effect
of any particular false relation depends
largely upon rate, accent, and phrasing —
also, in orchestral music, upon colour. The
chapter on ' Old Modes,' though short, is
instructive and interesting ; and the same,
in fact, may be said of the whole hook.
There is one foot-note we should like to
have seen differently worded : it occurs
on p. 15. Although Bach's 'Well-Tem-
pered Clavichord ' is often, as therein suited,
referred to as the ' Forty-Eight Pr< hides and
Fugues,' the title belongs strictly only to the
first twenty-four.
iEusiral (fcossip.
Yesterday week M. Andre Messager's
ballet, ' Les Deux Pigeons,' was produced
at Covent Garden, and thus \Va< revived a
form of entertainment which at the opera
house was once very popular. The story of
M. Messager's ballet is simple, and the
music is tasteful and pleasingly scored. It
is very dainty, and everything seen:- t > have
come from the composer's pen without
effort. The piece was effectively staged, and
Mile. Boni, the chief dancer, displayed skill
and grace. M. MeSSager conducted.
On Monday a One performana pveti
of Verdi's 'Aida.' Madame Giachetti's im-
personal ion of the heroine v. 99 e\< < llent, her
singing, however, being unfortunately marred
by the shnll quality of her high no
408
Til E ATH KX.KI'M
N"41o:,, .!i m :;n( l
Miuiiuiif Kirkhy I. mm a- XmuSfil *TM at
her Ten best, w I ul«« Signor Caruso proved •
superb ECadamee inith in figure and In v
Sut Edwabd Bloab'b continuation of
rhe Apoetles ' is entitled 'The Kingdom,'
and after its production a1 the Birminghana
i. tival in October it will be performed
on November 1 7th, for the ftrsl time in
London, by the Alexandra Palace Choral
and Orchestral Society, under the direction
ol Mr. Allen Gill.
\\i: regret to record the druth on Monday
last, after a very brief illness, of Mr. Stephen
Samuel Stratton, who had held the post ol
musical critic on The Birmingham Daily
Pott from 1st 7 down to the day of his death.
In lv.'T. jointly with Mr. James D. Brown,
he publish* d t he * British Musical Biography,'
a work which, though not altogether tree
from error, was the outcome of lon^ and
patient research. Mr. Stratton wrote 'Men-
delssohn for Dent's "Master Musicians"
series, also a book entitled 'Musical Curio-
sities.'
The London Symphony Orchestra will
begin a third series of ten concerts on
November oth, all of which will be conducted
by Dr. Hans Kichter.
1)k. Saint-Sakns will take part in Mr.
Joseph Hollman's forthcoming concert, and
this will be the composer-pianist's only
appearance in London this season.
Dr. W. H. C'umminos, who possesses the
original book of words of John Barnett's
' The Mountain Sylph,' kindly informs us
that the " Miss Xovello " mentioned in the
notice in the Monthly Supplement of The
Musical Library for October, 1834, was not,
as we supposed, Miss Clara Novello, but her
sister Cecilia.
M.ix.
Mob.
PERFORMANCES NEXT WEEK.
Sat. Royal Opera, OoYent Garden.
Hiss Violet Morris s Vocal Recital, :!. Bechstein Hall.
— Miss H. Curtis'* Vocal Recital, 3.30, Steinwaj Hall.
— Mr. F. Hacmillen'a Violin Recital, 8.30, Qaeen'a Hall.
Tt is. Mis* Alison Fernle'a Vocal Recital, 3.16, dBolian Hall.
— .Miss .1 Haunav and Mr II. Bauer's Vocal anil Pianoforte
Recital, 3.30, Bechstein Hall.
— Orchestral Concert 'Patrons' Fond), B.15, Queen'a Hall.
Wm Miss E. Leginska's Pianoforte Recital, .:. Bechstein Hall.
— Opera Performance, ' Mountain Sylph,' 7.30, Uuildbull School of
Music.
Audrey Chapman Orchestra, 8, Bechstein Hall.
I Ipera Performance, 7.::n. Guildhall School of Mu8ic.
Miss Minnie Tracer's Vocal Recital, s.30, .Eolian Hall.
Turns
Bat.
DRAMA
Bramaltc (Bossip.
Ox its production at the Coronet Theatre,
with Madame Hading in the role of Henriette
de Chonze (created at the Gymnase by
Madame Simone Le Bargy), ' Le Retour de
Jerusalem ' of M. Maurice Donnay, far from
exciting any such turmoil as was caused by
the first production, was received with
equanimity that savoured of indifference.
The racial question with which it deals does
not greatly exercise the English public, and
the aventure purcment pansionnelle on which,
in spite of the author's protest, it rests, fails
to stimulate greatly. A superb performance
by Madame Hading extorted admiration,
but the character was less suited to the
actress than others in which she has appeared,
the latest of which is Frou-Frou.
' The Macleans of Bairness ' having
failed to realize expectations, the season of
Mrs. Patrick Campbell at the Criterion has
concluded, and the theatre is temporarily
closed.
The run at His Majesty's of ' Colonel
Newcome ' will end on July 7th, and Mr.
Tree will then take a holiday previous to
returning to superintend the rehearsals of
' The Winter's Tale,' the production of which,
with Mis, Terrj ■ Bennione, ii
it. \ couple of da Mr.
Tree will itarl on <* country tour with
'Colonel Newcome," ' 1 '.usiness is Busineh.s,'
and ' The Man who \\
So great is the tucot u al the st. James's
■ ■I Mr. Pinero's comedy 'Hie Souse in 4 )rder '
that the theatre will remain open through
the holiday season.
Mr. W'iu.akd i ured, bj arrange-
meni with Mr. Tree, the American right
'Colonel Newcome,' in which during the
coming season he will appear in the united
States and in Canada.
I \ ( October next Sir ( lharles Wyndham and
Mi-s Mary Moore will reappear at the
Criterion in 'The Mollusc,' a three-act
comedy by Mr. Hubert Henry Davies.
Miss Ei.i.is JEFFREYS and her husband
Mr. Herbert Sleath are likely to be numbered
among London managers, and have secured
plays from Mr. Brandon Thomas and Mr.
Somerset Maugham.
During their autumn tour Mr. Fred Terry
and Miss Julia Neilson will produce
tentatively a romantic drama by Messrs.
R. M. Dix and E. G. Sutherland, the scene
of which is laid in the American colonies in
Stuart times, and also a four-act work by a
new dramatist, Mr. Harry Langley Lander.
On August 27th Mr. Forbes Robertson
and Miss Gertrude Elliott will begin at Man-
chester in ' The Merchant of Venice ' (in
which they will be seen for the first time)
a country tour, which will preface their
departure in October for America.
A reappearance at the Waldorf is pro-
mised of Mr. Henry Dixey, who some years
ago created a favour-able impression at the
Gaiety.
To Correspondents.— W. W. s.— j. m. k.— J. L.—
D. M.— G. H.— Received.
M. W. B.— Next week.
T. R. H. and others. — Too late for notice now.
No notice can betaken of anonymous communications.
We cannot undertake to reply to inquiries concerning the
appearance of reviews of books.
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
Authors' Agents
Bell & Sons
Catalogues
Constable & Co
Duckworth & Co
Education*!
Exhibitions
Harper & brothers
Hkinkmanx
IlUR-ST & Bl.ACKETT ..
INSURANCE Companies
Sampson Low, Marston & co.
Macmii.i.an & Co
Mag v/.ines, Ac
Miscellaneous
Murray
Newspaper Agents ..
Notes dk QUERIES
Philip A son
Provident Institutions
Publishers' Circular
Reeve a Co
Sales hy Auction
situations Vacant ..
Situations Wanted ..
Stanford
STOCK
Surgical aid society
Typewriters, Ac
Cnwin
Pi SI
782
80S
7S3
7S6
809
7S1
7S1
7S4
786
786
810
810
786
7S3
782
7Si
810
Sll
781
788
781
7vj
7S1
811
810
Sll
BIS
MESSRS. BELL'S
NEW HOOKS.
ation.
BvD| 6*
A HANDBOOK TO SHAKESPEARE
By MORTON LUCE, Author ol A if
Ixiok to Tennyson,1 afco.
This ' Handbook to 8hs .-j on©
volume the oritioal and explanatory helps that
otherwise l>e sought in many l*joks.
"No literary antiquary, no student of letters
and the drama — iii short, no reader and Iov< •
Shakespeare — should fail to possess himself of a
volume which, once acquired, will I .:itly
helpful." — Liverpool Con
Fcap. Svo, 2s. 81 net.
A BROWNING TREASURE BOOK.
Being Extracts from Brow | and
Arranged by A. M. WARBUBTON.
*#* This book contains some 350 extract*
arranged under headings, such as ' Ambit.
' Doubt,' ' Faith,' ' Love,' cVc.
NEW Y0LUME OF MR. ROGERS'S
ARISTOPHANES.
THE BIRDS OF ARISTOPHANES.
The Greek Text Revised, and a Mel
Translation on Opposite P ther witl
Introduction and Commentarv. By BEN-
JAMIN BICKLEY ROGERS." M.A." Fcap.
4to, 10*. M. [Ready July 4.
Crown 8vo. 6a.
ALGEBRAIC GEOMETRY. A New
Elementary Treatise on Analytical Conic
Sections. By W. M. BAKER, M.A.
ALGEBRA FOR ELEMENTARY
SCHOOLS. Bv WM. BAKER. M.A., and
A. A. BOURNE, M.A. In Three Stages.
Sewed, Oci. each ; cloth, Sd. each. .
4d. net each.
Crown Svo, Is. tkZ.
A FRENCH HISTORICAL READER
Being short Passages giving Episodes from
French History arranged as a First Reader.
With Illustrations, brief Notes, and a
V abulary. By R. N. ADAIR, M.A.Oxon,
Assistant Master at St. Paul's Preparatory
School.
NOW COMPLETE.
THE
YORK READERS.
An entirely New Series ol
INFANT PRIMERS AND READERS.
With Coloured Illustrations.
York Primer, No. 1
York Primer, No. J
York Infant Reader
York Introductory Reader ...
York Reader, Book I....
York Reader, Book II.
York Reader, Book III.
York Reader, Book IV.
"These must be classed the best in the market.
In every respect they are A 1." — Schoolma-
PP.
-.
</.
•24
0
3
32
0
4
64
0
6
96
0
8
128
0
9
160
0
10
192
1
0
224
1
3
London : GEORGE BELL & SONS,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
N°4105, June 30, 1906
THE ATHEN^UM
809
DUCKWORTH & CO/S LATEST PUBLICATIONS.
A YiYacious and humorous motoring story, which will be keenly enjoyed, not by motorists only, but by every one
who appreciates high spirits and refined humour.
A MOTOR CAR DIVORCE. By L. Closser Hale.
Illustrated by over 30 Sketches, many in Colour, of Scenes en route in Italy and France, made by WALTER HALE. 6s.
"A book that casts a spell." "The most original and the most individual book one has read for many a day."
"A charming romance."
KING PETER. By Dion Clayton Calthrop. 6s.
"Clever and subtle records of the principal events in the first twenty-one years of a romantic young king's life."— Standard.
" How he came to the throne as a child, and how he learnt to fight and to love, and to use and enjoy life— all this is told, both its joy and its sorrow, in a simple, telling way, well
maintained throughout, and free from false archaism." — Times.
The thousands who have made the acquaintance of " Elizabeth," " Ambrosine," and " Evangeline " will welcome
Theodora, the Heroine of Elinor Glyn's New Novel.
BEYOND THE ROCKS. By Elinor Glyn. 6s.
" Elinor Glyn is said to take every one of her characters from real life. Not the least of the literary charms of this clever lady is her indisputable intimacy with society and all its-
ways." — M. A. P.
"The author of 'The Visits of Elizabeth' has again prepared one of the season's successes. Piquant, humorous, sad.it is as real as life, and is lavishly endowed with humaiv
interest." — New York Herald.
NEW VOLUME IN THE LIBRARY OF ART.-THE "RED 3ERIE8."-JUST out, 48 illustrations, 7*. M. net.
THE SCOTTISH SCHOOL OF PAINTING.
By WILLIAM D. McKAY, R.S.A., Librarian to the Royal Scottish Academy.
After giving an account of the precursors of the Scottish School of Painting, 1588 to 1798, the author treats of the art of Raeburn and Wilkie, the founders of the Scottish School as-
such, at considerable length, and traces their influence through their followers. Wilkie's contemporaries are considered separately ; and the rise and development of Northern Land-
scape. The young men of the forties are dealt with later on ; aud the last part of the book is devoted to a survey of later developments.
FULL PROSPECTUS SENT TO ANY ADDRESS.
A NOBLE EPIC ON THE BEGINNINGS OF BRITAIN.
THE DAWN IN BRITAIN.
By CHARLES M. DOUGHTY, Author of 'Travels in Arabia Deserta.' 2 vols, crown 8vo, 4s. 6d. net each.
will narrow the circle of its admirers in an age which is quick to protest that it has no leisure for epics ; but the fit and few will give thanks for a poet."
THE MUSEUMS AND RUINS OF R0ME~
By WALTER AMELUNG and H. HOLTZINGER. Map, Plans, and 270 Illustrations. Edited by Mrs. ARTHUR STRONG. 2 vols. 10s. net.
" Has long been wanted. There has been nothing quite like ' Amelung and Roltzinger,' and not only visitors, but students should be grateful."
"These little books are without their match." — Academy.
BY H. BELLOC, M.P.
ESTO PERPETUA: Algerian Studies and Impressions.
BY THE AUTHOR OF 'THE PATH TO ROME.'
Illustrated by 45 Drawings and Coloured Frontispiece by the Author. 5s. net.
" Highly picturesque and suggestive. There are many amusing things, and queer, gravely told stories, in the style of 'The Path to Rome.' Full of a certain fine quality. It is a
prose poem. Eloquent and lucid."— Daily News.
" Unconventional and romantic. Impressive and significant."— Standard.
RAMBLES IN NORMANDY. By Francis Miltoun,
Author of 'Cathedrals of Northern France.' With very many Illustrations from
Drawings and Sketches by BLANCHE McMANUS. 9 Maps, square crown 8vo,
6s. net.
RAMBLES IN BRITTANY. By Francis Miltoun.
Illustrated by BLANCHE McMANUS. Uniform with ' Normandy.' 6*. net.
ENGLISH WATER-COLOUR PAINTERS. By A. J.
FINBERO. 50 Illustrations, cloth, 2*. net ; leather, 2s. 6rf. net
Rased chiefly on examples easily accessible. A popular guide to public collections in
London.
For others in this Series—11 THE POPULAR LIBRARY OF ART,"
see List below.
POPULAR LIBRARY OF ART.— Cloth, 2«. net; leather, 25. Qd. net.
LEONARDO. By Dr. GROXAU. 44 Illustrations.
BOTTICELLI. ByJuLIA Cartwhight (Mrs. Ady). 40 Illustrations.
RAPHAEL. By Julia Cartwrioht (Mrs. Ady). 60 Illustrations.
"VELAZQUEZ. ByAuouSTE Hki'ai.. 52 Illustrations.
REMBRANDT. By Augusts Brbal. 62 Illustrations.
DURER. By Lixa Ecke.nstkin. 87 Illustrations.
ROSSETTI. By Ford MadOX HUBFFER. 58 Illustrations.
"WATTS. By G. K. Chesterton. 85 Illustrations.
FRED WALKER. By C. BLACK. 82 Illustrations and Photogravure.
GAINSBOROUGH. By A. B. CHAMBBRLAM. f>5 Illustrations.
FRENCH IMPRESSIONISTS. By C. Mauci.air. 50 Illustrations.
MILLET. By It. BOLLARD, 38 Illustrations.
HOLBEIN. By Ford Madox HUEFFBR. 50 Illustrations.
London : DUCKWORTH & CO. 3, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.
810
THE ATHENilUM
ELLIOT STOCK'S NEW BOOKS.
In fi-.ip. b\o, cluth £\h edfOt price 3*. M. net,
THE HAMPSTEAD GARNER.
Compiled bj " A. M. c." wltha Preface by CLEMENT
K. SHORTER.
Tin- lull' routine, it ii t" b« hoped, «ill fall to Intersil all
lover* ol nature and ol poetry, r..i It* object is to brine to their remem
,i-. - i.i th. hi .lMi' poets who, linki in.- tli,. present with
tin- past, have fr time to time graoed Hampetead bj tliiii presence,
,.i Mm.' ol it- boauti« In thi h n
NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF
LAUREL?'
'LOTUS OB
SECOND EDITION, In crown Svo, cloth, gilt lettered,
price 6«.
HASTY FRUIT. By Helen
WALLACE, Author of 'The Greatest of Tliene,' 'Lotus
or Laurel ■' &c
" A tale of merit, with fine character, and good, bat not Insistent
moral tone, Tim* t,
"Tnestorj is graphically written, and the Interest is well main-
tained all the way through, and it will appeal to many."— S
In crown Svo, cloth, price 2s. Cd. net.
RETURNED WITH THANKS,
and other Short stories. By Mrs. MAXWELL
PRIDEAUX.
" Will mi doubt appeal with n touch of tragedy to those thousand? of
amateurs whose works ol cuius come Lurk with such painful
regularity in envelopes addressed to their owners." — Tribu
In crown Svo, cloth, gilt lettered, price 5s.
REASON IN BELIEF; or,
Faith for an Afre of Science. An Examination into the
Rational and Philosophic Content of the Christian
Faith. By FRANK SEWALL, M.A. D.D.
"The arguments appeal to readers of ■ philosophical bent, and are
often suggestive and forceful."— JfefAocfisi Recortb p.
NEW VOLUMES OF VERSE.
In fcap. 4to, cloth, gilt edges, price 5s. net.
CRANMER, PRIMA TE OF ALL
By RALPH
ENGLAND. A Historical Drama.
RICHARDSON.
" The work i- written in graceful and dignified blank verse, and is a
readable study of a conspicuous figure in English history."— Scotsman.
In crown Svo, cloth, gilt lettered, price 3s. Gd. net.
RADIA; or, New Light on Old
TRUTHS. By ALEC C. MORE.
ELLIOT STOCK, 62, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.
Unsurana Companies.
XTORWICH UNION FIRE OFFICE.
-i- ' Founded 1797.
HEAD OFFICE : NORWICH.
CHIEF ("50, Fleet Street, B.C.
I.i INDON OFFICES \ 71, 72, King William Street. B.C.
Claims Paid £19,920,000
Applications for Agencies invited.
RATIONAL PROVIDENT
INSTITUTION
FOR
MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE.
Estab. 1835.
ASSURANCE AND INVESTMENT.
Write for Leaflet on
NET COST OF ENDOWM ENT ASSURANCES.
43, GRACECHURCH STREET, LONDON, EC
ACCIDENTS OF ALL KINDS, SICKNESS,
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, BURGLARY, AND
FIDELITY GUARANTEE RISKS
INSURED AGAINST BY THE
RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE CO.
Capital (fully subscribed) ri.noo.inH-, Clninu paid tB.000.000.
04, CORNU1LL LONDON.
A. V1AN, Secretary.
N°410o, JlJNE 30, 1906
TENTH EDITION, price Two Shillings.
CELESTIAL MOTIONS:
A Handy Book of Astronomy.
Tenth Edition. With 3 Plates.
By \V. T. LYNN, B.A. F.Jt.A S ,
Associate of King's College, London; Lay Reader in the Diocese of SoutWk,
Author of Remarkable Comets,' 'Remarkable Eclipses,' 'Astronomy for the Young,' Ac.
" Well known as one of our best introductions to astronomy."— Guardian.
London: SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON A CO., Ltd., 15a, Paternoster Row, E.C.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
THIS WEEK'S NUMBER CONTAINS-
^"Sre^stolworkf »°S»-3? S^^T £ ,W a"d ***** Book-Robert
" B rime.- » " E^T" £ u. ~,St^ Mlchael s Church, Burleigh Street-" Rag " : " Ranging " :
FamoTllouses ~^^d Townsends Epitaph-John, Lord Trevor -BlcK-m^ury's
REPLIES ^-Santorin and St. Irene-Gray's ' Elegy ' : its Translations-The Henry Brougham Steamer
Pin-ase Bun fet ^tT ^T^*** a'^ Ro™» Tablets-Po, ZSS \Wd?a5
Phiases-Bun Family— Baskish Inscriptions in Newfoundland -Order of the Roval Oik-
Cateaton S treet-Dr. Letsuni or Lettsom-Society Ladies-Holbom-RJme * K hv.ne--' R ', I ~i
- - nel~T uSlf ^Tute*] PT ^d^Butler of Toderstaft-Catterton SmX-BUmli, a
mniei imill or lutevil— •Panohana' : 'Minerva,' 1735— Ladv Coventry"* Minuet— Cox's
'History of ^ Warwickshire -West's Picture of the Death of GenialWo^KipS^wS
NOTES'^ ROm« n t = "^ "-0Mdng-*lta Cunningham's ' King «&&? *
Winfam I? s8R7jn'e St^?,?"^ ir?m Addington's Administration to the Close of
\\ illiam IV . s Reign — ' The Old Testament in Greek '—Documents Illustrating Elizabethan
Poetry-' The People's Prayers '-'French Abbreviations, Commercial, Fina e a "a, d < iene ral "
Jft£o£5** Authors'-"The Universal Library "-'• Muses LilSn "-•■xT«h!*
Notices to Correspondents.
LAST WEEK'S NUMBER CONTAINS-
NOTES:-Hampshire Booksellers and Printers-Houses of Historical Interest-Robert Greene's V
Works -LafonW's Milkmaid-Book Signatures - Earl of Huntin^lon -Fune d Ii vin-
tions in Scotland— Reynolds's Portrait of Gibbon. »ii0uou r une.ai ln\ ita
QUER^o^£°m'c;r!e SBft3Q~5rr? ^SS^S'I ^^da^-Rokewood : Style : Townaead-
W,Kl n '• Lyndon M.li la, 1716-Holm and Mastick Trass-Authors oi (Quotations
^anted-Compames of Invahds : their Reeords-Medical Coroner-.Esehvlus and Milton-F on
vEtEEZ Tuv QUi'en ?fnSwedr-^ke °f 'St- Lampierre in Canton of Be,- ne-M ca da v
S^ncmlismr »taB^-,,0« Pams "-Gordon House, Kentish Town-John Rodcs-Devon
REPLX:^m1naCar\l?gp:al<1 l^r£! ^f^W6 BibUography-Westminater Changes in
i.u.. John Carter— Provincial Booksellers— Earthquakes in Fiction— Goethe : "Bells bum and
^^^^r^"^^-^^?^611 in l796-"Cast not a cW nil mVu S
Q- t 7 IT its Etymon-Banner or Flag-OlvariusV History-' Century oi Persian Ghaiels'
Y^SrWlShT^P^irt ^ T^'^enue": its Pronunciation-Ma? Li, " and
Young Mens Light m Pre-Reformation Churches— Michell Family-St. Genius-Do«s\t Con-
stantmople-Authors of Quotations Wanted-Miss Meteyard-" Anon "-Irisl B " Butter-
D,rect on Pos v Signpost-Qateaton Street -J. Rampini-Americans in EngUsh I " -'in
a huft - Minnnn, a Shell-Samuel Williams, Draughtsman-" I expect to pass through »-
Ropes used at Executions-Barnes 1'ikle -Open-air Pulnits-" (Jula iugusti "
NOTES ON BOOKS :_« Portraits and Jewels of Mary Stuart '_• The Pageant of London -• PluUwh'a
Lives —'John Siberoh, the First Cambridge Printer, 1521-2.'
Notices to Correspondents.
JOHN C. FRANCIS and J. EDWARD FRANCIS
ZottsuHdiJuiriesOmce, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Line, EG : and of all Newsagents.
NEXT WEEK'S ATHENE UM will contain
Reviews of G. M. TREVELTAN ON THE
POETRY AND PHILOSOPHY OF
GEORGE MEREDITH; and KAEMPFER'S
HISTORY OF JAPAN, TRANSLATED BY
J. G. SCHEUOHZER
N°4105, June 30, 1906
THE ATHENAEUM
811
A NEW GEOGRAPHY.
JUST PUBLISHED, Demy 4to, cloth, price 6s. net.
A PROGRESSIVE COURSE
OF COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHY
ON THE CONCENTRIC SYSTEM.
By P. H. L'ESTRANGE, B.A.,
Assistant Master at Malvern College, late Exhibitioner of Queen's College, Oxford.
Illustrated by 177 Pictures and Diagrams in the Text, and accompanied by 172 Maps and
Diagrams in Colour, with Index, the whole forming a Complete Atlas and Geography.
All who are interested in the modern Scientific Teaching of Geography should send for detailed
Prospectus, with Specimen Coloured Map and Specimen Pages of Illustrations and
Exercises, which will be forwarded gratis on application.
Demy 4to, cloth, 3s. Qd.
PHILIPS'
MODERN SCHOOL ATLAS OF
COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHY
This Atlas consists of a series of entirely
new Maps, combining Physical with Political
Geography, intended to meet the most
modern requirements. The Atlas is built up
on a carefully considered system, and every
Map has been specially constructed to take
its place in the general plan.
64 Coloured Plates, 111 by 9 in., containing
numerous Diagrams and Maps, with Index.
" The maps are beautifully produced, the names
full without being crowded. An admirable school
atlas at an astonishingly low price."
Educational J vmes.
* * Send for Specimen Map and List of Contents.
The following New Series of Wall Maps
exactly meets the new requirements
of the Board of Education.
PHILIPS'
COMPARATIVE SERIES
OF LARGE SCHOOL-ROOM MAPS.
An entirely New and Original Series,
COMBINING PHYSICAL WITH POLITICAL
GEOGRAPHY.
Physical Features specially prominent. Political
Boundaries clearly shown. Careful Selection and
Spelling of Names. Uniformity of Scale and Com-
parison of Areas.
"Taken altogether, this is the best and most
reasonably priced series of maps issued in this
country. The World map deserves special men-
tion, and is the best wall map of the World we
know." — Athenaeum.
%* Send for Illustrated Prospectus post free.
All who are interested in the subject of Geography should send for Messrs. Philips' Descriptive Pamphlet
All who are '"^^'^^ Teaching Geography,' which will be supplied post free.
GEORGE PHILIPS SON, Ltd., The London Geographical Institute. 32, Fleet Street, E.C.
THE^URGICAL AID SOCIETY.
Chief Offices-SALISBURY SQUARE, FLEET STREET, E.C.
Telephone No.: 12282 CENTRAL.
Patron-HIS MAJESTY THE KING.
This Society was established in 1862 to supply Leg Instruments. Spinal Supports,
Trusses, Elastic Stockings, Artificial Limbs, &c, and every other description of
Mechanical Support, to the Poor.
OVER 440 PATIENTS ARE RELIEVED EVERY WEEK.
CONTRIBUTIONS EARNESTLY SOLICITED.
Annual Subscription Of £0 10 6 ) Entitles to Two Recommendations
Life Subscription of 5 5 0) per Annum.
Bankers-Messrs. Barclay & Co., Ltd.. :>». Lombard Street.
RICHARD C. TRESIDDER, Secretary.
EDWARD STANFORD'S
LIST.
JUST PUBLISHED.
STANFORD'S LONDON ATLAS
OF UNIVERSAL GEOGRAPHY
QUARTO EDITION.
Containing 50 Coloured Maps, carefully drawn and
beautifully engraved.
With an Alphabetical List of Names, giving
Latitudes and Longitudes.
SIXTH EDITION, Revised and Enlarged.
Imperial 4to, price 25>.
JUST PUBLISHED.
STANFORD'S OCTAVO ATLAS
OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY.
Containing 50 Coloured Maps, carefully drawn and
beautifully engraved.
With an Alphabetical List of Names, giving
Latitudes and Longitudes.
THIRD EDITION, Revised and Enlarged.
Imperial 8vo, price 25s.
JUST PUBLISHED.
STANFORD'S HANDY ATLAS
OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY.
Containing 30 Coloured Maps, carefully drawn and.
beautifully engraved.
With an Alphabetical List of Names, giving
Latitudes and Longitudes.
SECOND EDITION. Revised to date. Size
~\ by 12 inches. Price 10s. Qd.
Detailed Prospectus of these Atlases gratis.
JUST PUBLISHED.
STANFORD'S COMPENDIUM OF
GEOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL.
ASIA.
Vol. I., Northern and Eastern Asia.
By A. H. KEANE. LL.D. F.R.O.S..
Author of ' Africa.' and ' C. and S. America * in the
same Scries, ' Eastern Geography,' ' The Gold
of Ophir,' &c.
SECOND EDITION. Large crown 8vo, doth,
554 pp.. 8 Maps and Ho Illustrations. Price 15s.
hist of tin St ries <ir<iti* on application.
JUST PUBLISHED.
MURRAY'S HANDBOOK FOR
IRELAND.
SEVENTH EDITION, thoroughly Revised
throughout.
Edited by JOHN COOKE, M.A.
643 pp.. 13 Maps anil Plans. Crown 8vo, prioe 9%
"The \evy best guide to Ireland-" - Frtt man's Journal.
JUST PUBLISHED.
THE
HANDY GUIDE TO NORWAY.
By THOMAS B. WILLSON, M.A.
With 7 Maps and Appendices on History, Fishing,
Photography, Glacier Climbing, and Cycling; and
full particulars as to Hotels. Routes, &c.
FIFTH EDITION, thoroughly Revised and
Augmented. 296 pp., small posl 8vo, price 5*.
STANFORD'S CATALOGUE of MAPS and BOOKS
for TOURISTS post free on application.
London: EDWARD STANFORD.
1-2, 1.".. and li. Long Sicre, W.C.
II rty the King.
812
Til K AT II EN .KT M
N H05. June 30, IWifj
T. FISHER UNWIN'S NEW BOOKS.
A LITERARY HISTORY OF THE
I NGUHH PEOPLE \ ••!. II. Prom the
RftiftifwiuiPt' in the Civil War. I. I'.v ■! J.
JUSSERAND. Di mj Bvo, L2a tkL w ■•■
A LITERARY HISTORY OF
PERSIA, from Firdawsi until Sa'di (\.i>.
i.hh. [290). By EDWARD G. BROWNE,
M.A. MP.. I\ K.A.. Fellow of Pembroke
College, Bir Thomas Adam--' Profeaaor of
Arabic, and sometime Lecturer in Persian in
the University of Cambridge. With Photo-
gravure Frontispiece. Demy s,>". 12a • >'/.
net. ("Library oi Literary History.")
A SHORT HISTORY OF JEWISH
LITERATURE, from the Fallot the Temple
(70 C.B.) to the Eraoi Emancipation (1706 < . i.. i.
By [8RAEL ABRAHAMS, -M.A., Reader in
Rabbinic Literature in the University of
Cambridge. Crown £vo, *2.>. 6d. net.
THE FIRST ANNEXATION OF
THE TRANSVAAL. By W. J. LEYDS,
LL.D., formerly State Secretary of the South
African Republic Demy Bvo, 21a net.
THE HISTORY OF CO-OPERATION
ByG. J. HOLYOAKE, Author of 'Bygones
Worth Remembering,' &c. Second Impression.
Illustrated. 2 vols, demy Svo, 21a
SIR HENRY IRVING: a Biography.
By PERCY FITZGERALD, Author of 'Life
of David Garriok,' ' Life of Sterne,1 &c. With
a Photogravure Frontispiece and .'to other
Illustrations. Demy Svo, 1U». (id. net.
THE BEST PLAYS OF GEORGE
FARQUHAR. Edited, and with an Intro-
duction, by WILLIAM ARCHER. On Thin
Taper, with Frontispiece. Small crown 8vo,
leather, 3*. <k/. net ; cloth, 2a <>'/. net.
[Mermaid Series.
DISESTABLISHMENT IN
FRANCE. By PAUL SABATIER, Author
of 'The Life of St. Francis of Assisi.'
Translated, with an Introduction, by ROBERT
DELL. With Portraits of the Author and
the Abbe Loisy, and the complete Text (both
in French and English) of the Law for the Sepa-
ration of the Churches and tin- State, with
Explanatory Notes. Crown Svo, 3& Or/, net.
TOWARD THE HEIGHTS: an
Appeal to Young Men. By CHARLES
WAGNER, Author of ' The Simple Life,' &c.
Medium l2mo, cloth, 2s. net; paper cover, la
net.
COURAGE. By Charles Wagner.
Medium L2mo, cloth, 2*. net ; paper cover, la
net.
ThelNDEPENDENT REVIEW
JULY.
SHAKESPEARE, IBSEX, AND MR BERNARD
SHAW. ByG. Lowes Dickinson.
THE PRESS AND CHARITABLE FUNDS.
By Canon Harnett.
THE EDUCATION BILL: a Lost Opportunity.
By Archdeacon Wilson.
THE REPORT OK THE HALDANE COM-
MTTTEE. By Principal Laurie.
Till'. PAINTINGS OF GUSTAVE MOREAU.
By < '. C. M ichaelides.
THE FIRST MONTH OF THE DUMA. By
Paul Vinogradoff.
And several other important Articles.
On Bale every where. 2s. (3d. net.
The Philippine
Islands.
Bi John foreman, F.R.G.S. With slept and
luusl ration Royal Svo, 2
A politioal, ethnographloal, social, and commercial
history of the Philippine Archipelago, embracing the
whole periods of Spanish rule, with an account of
the succeeding American Insular-Government.
Economic and
Statistical Studies,
1S4<> 1890. By John Towns Danson. Wit), a
Photogravure Frontispiece, two other Port'
and .SI Plates. Small royal Svo, 21a net.
With a brief memoir by his daughter, Mary Norman
Hill, and an Introduction by E. C. K. Gonner, M.A.
Retaliatory
Duties.
By H. Diet/el, Professor at the University of Bonn.
Crown Svo, 2a >'»/. net.
An impartial and cntical study of the question of
retalia tion.
The Pope of
Holland House.
Edited by Lady Seymour. With a biographical
introduction and supplementary chapter by W. P.
Courtney. Illustrated, 10a <i'/. net.
Gossip about Napoleon, Wellington, Madame de
Stael, Byron, Scott, and others, about the politics
and all the promin.nt events of the time.
Haeckel :
His Life and Work.
By Wilhelm Bulsche. Illustrated, 15a net.
" We recommend the book unhesitatingly to the
notice of all who are interested in the subject-
matter of modern thought. "
Manchester Guardian.
Fire and Sword
in the Caucasus.
By Luigi Villari. 90 Illustrations. 10.*. M. net.
" M. Luigi Villari recounts in a highly interesting
volume the history of the racial feuds which have
convulsed the Caucasus and reduced that outlying
province of the Russian Empire to a state of the
wildest anarchy," — Review of Reviews.
In Search of
a Siberian Klondyke.
By Washington B. Vanderlip and H. B. Hulbert.
With 48 Illustrations. 7a &£. net.
A vivid account of the Author's travels and adven-
tures in Siberia. /T\ J
Recreations of T
a Naturalist.
By J. E. Halting. Illustrated. Demy 8vo, 16a
net.
"Each chapter is like nothing so much as a delight-
ful walh through a delightful country with a de-
ightful companion who knows what he is talking
about. " K mid Review.
Our School
Out of Doors.
By the Hon. M. Cordelia Leigh. Illustrated.
Second Edition. Crown Svo, 2a
A na ure book for young people designed for the
assistance of teachers.
SAUNTERINGS IN SPAIN,
BARCELONA, MADBID. TOLKI)
DO\ KAN ADA.
<■• ik ral SEYMOUK. P. i ti it'.-d. Dem;
l" -. i,'/. net.
MODERN SPAIN. By Martin
HI'Mi:. A Ken Edition. W
the Kin;: and I ■
ly ifiusti .
■ > .
THE WELSH PEOPLE. Chapters
in their Origin, Hifitorv, Laws. Liii.
I. H B D Win BRYNMOK .Jo:
MP., and JOHN YAW
Cheaper Edition. L'lge orowtl - net.
THE GOVERNANCE OF
ENGLAND. By SIDNEY LOW, M.A.
iid and Cheaper Edition. Lar^e ci
8 '. 3a Qd. net.
CHATS ON OLD CHINA. By
ARTHUR HAYDEN. - 1 Edition. Re-
vised and brought up to date, and wil
New Dlustrations. With a Photogravure
Frontispiece, Large crown bvo, o*. net.
GEORGE JACOB HOLYOAKE:
Sixty Years of aii '■ Life. An Auto-
biography. Illustrated. Large crown -
;p Edition, 2a •)"'.
SIR WALTER RALEGH. By Martin
HUME. Illustrated. Large crown -
Cheaper Edition, 2a 0</. net.
INSPIRATION AND THE BIBLE.
ByR F. HORTOX. D.l). Popular Edition.
Crown Svo, cloth, 2& net ; j>aper cover, 1 a net.
SIX-SHILLING NOVELS.
THE DREAM AND
THE BUSINESS.
JOHN OLIVER HOBBES.
MAN AND MAID.
E. NESBIT.
LATTER-DAY SWEETHEARTS.
Mrs. BURTON HARRISON.
DIVORCE.
PAUL BOURGET.
CECILIA'S LOVERS.
AMKLIA E. I5ARR.
A SHORT HISTORY OF
WALES.
By OWEN EDWARDS.
Leoturer on Modern History at Lincoln College,
Oxford, Author of 'The Story of Wales,' &c.
With Maps. Crown Bvo, 2a net
This book aims at [a] giving the genera] reader ■
simple and intelligible outline account of the history
of Wales, (6) providing the Welsh schools with a
volume that can !>c used as a general reading \»«>k
or as a text-book of Welsh history. Each chapter
is complete in itself, and still the general plan is
symmetrical and easy I The hook is fully
equipped with summaries, pedigrees, and maps.
T. FISHER UN WIN, 1, Adclphi Terrace, London.
Editorial OommuD Tin: EDITOR"— AdTarttamanta and BtubuM batten i.. ■•the rrnusiiKiis - n thcOAoa, Bnaml Bandings, Ohaneory Lana, E.c.
Published Weaklj l.y .John 0. PRANCTBand J. BDWABD FRANCIS at Braam'l Bulldlnga, Chanoen Un< 1 1 Printed by J. TOWARD FKANcis. athanaum Pi Buildings. Chancery Lane, K.C.
Aganti for Eootland, Maam. BELL & BRADFUTB and Mr. John men/.iks. Brllnrnntth Harnnlaj Jona 90, U0&
BINDING SECT. JUN 5 r WW)
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY
■Ml
»*V
■
■n
•Kv
■m
i