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UNIVERSITY LIBRARY,
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NO. 1.
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UNIVERSITY LIBRARY,
«i SKELET. CALIf tRNiA.
PAC] F I i
SCI I*:\CE MONTHLY,
M \k', ii.
American Earthquakes.
H> Pr.,f Kit-hard Ovea I I. |.
Ginj Ian or gei
principle, regulating the distriba-
111 time .mil (pace, of American
earthqoab udeavoriiig U>
answer thie question. attention may be
direi • tain papers leading to
alizations, ou II
i by the pre*
•nt writer, at varioui times, chiefly to
the A \ \ ( ; ami published in their
Without specif) ing
their generalizations may be
■ ader mori iutelligible the
i. in. irk- .in Unericau carthquaki
I Tbe earth deriving its existence
• on li nuance h ■ habitable plan
nerally think) from
the sun, ii tl„it t ,.,..
should still be de-
pendent on solai manifestations mid
tli>'ir modifying iiifloen
II. As light, heat, eleclri
■ii. chemi ami net
■y arc all convertible mode
cnlar motion, ami we derive our
lighl and heat from the sun, it -
able that we derivi din lly or in-
tlv, all th< ,rius oi motion
including
TV Co
•Pat
mologicnl Impi
IM. In confirmation
ments, lei us examine the relation <>(
continents, in their configuration, to
I rotation and that of revolu-
tion or progression oi the earth in l»*-r
orbit [f we pass two great circles
through the poles "f rotation, and
make one of them cul also verticallv
through the Caspian sea, and the
other he at riglil angles to c 1 1 • - f<
ntly tout- bin a South Amer-
ica in about the meridian of Pi
Sud oui globe divided into
four segments dike the four quart
an orangoor apple) by lines of d<
si. .ii. purattel to tht aat$ of rotation ;
and each segment will In. found to
sontain a donble continent, pro'
msider the isl.-s ,,f the Pacific as
indieating the summits ol mountains
in a sunken continent Thus one (the
central segment) contains Buropi and
Al'ri. ,.|. , m !!„. „.,.»,_ \,, r (l|
and Booth Wn third, on the
Ilia and Australasia : a fourth,
opposite Europe and Africa, may be
•iair.1 North ami South I
IV. Bui beside this plain
shrinkage, al the division lines of four
and elevation of continents
bmughl about an
inclination ,.i thi rotation
(amounting at present to about 23
PACIFIC SCIENCE MONTHLY.
grees) to the axis of revolution., trans-
lation or progression of the earth's
orbit, usually called the plane of the
ecliptic, and traced on our globe as the
apparent path of the sun. then the con-
tinents, in the formation-- of their out-
lines, assur/ied a trend at right angles
to the plane of the ecliptic ; hence cor-
responding with the axis of revolution".
This fact, that continental outlines
thus formed an angle of 23.j degrees
with meridians, was pointed out, more
than twenty years since by the writer
in his r,ork "Key to the Geology of the
Globe :" and it has since been admit-
ted by various scientists, in their print-
ed works, such as Professors Dana and
Dawson.
V. It was shown further, at a later
period, that the eastern trends of con-
tinents, beginning at the straits of
Macassar and of Lorabok (where Wal-
lace found a continental difference be-
tween the flora and fauna each side of
this region) and measuring, on the
equator, 72 360-5 degree*, were respec-
tively one fifth of the circumference of
the globe apart : viz 1st. The east
trend of Africa 72 degrees west of Ma-
cassar (or of the east trend of Asia,
including Japan) ; 2d — The east trend
of South America 72 degrees west of
Africa's east trend ; and 3d — The east
trend of North America 72 degrees
west of the east of South America!
4th — The east trend of South Oceanica
(or of South Australasia near New
Zealand) 72 degrees west of the east
trend of North America. As these
trends, running north 23^ degrees east,
represent coast lines at right angles to
certain phases of the ecliptic, so their
mates, i.e. coast lines intersecting
these eastern trends at the equator
and running north 23£ degrees west,
will be found at right angles to other
phases of the ecliptic. It is true that
the axis of the ecliptic is considered
almost or quite invariable ; but its posi-
tion relatively to the. axis of the earth's ro-
tation is being constantly modified by
the attraction of the moon and sun
on the equatorial protuberance, giving
rise to the precession of the equinoxes.
It is further noticeable that each of
these general continental trends is
made up of minor trends, partly coin-
cid : ng with the axis of rotation, partly
with the axis of revolution.
VI. Subsequent papers pointed out
that &ach continent had a geographi-
cal center ; and that a radius of 72-2-36
degrees would usually embrace nearly
the whole of a continent, while a ra-
dius of 23| degrees or 24 degrees
would embrace, within its area, most
of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic forma-
tions ; while, outside of it, up to radius
36 degrees, would be chiefly Cenozoie
area.
VII. It was further shown that
Monte Rosa, in Switzerland, is, as
nearly as may be, the pole of the land
hemisphere ; and that in shrinking the
earth has conformed to the law of As-
suring from that culminating point
(of Miocene age) in radiating lines of
30 degrees apart, forming thereby such
depressions as the east coast of Spain
to Gulf of Genoa, the Adriatic to Ven-
ice (intermediate elevation the Ape-
nine*) ; further depressions radiating
to Bay of Biscay, German Ocean, Bal-
tic, &c.
VIII. From Mallet's catalogue of
7,000 earthquakes, the generalization
was pointed out that (by comparing
places of simultaneous seismic action,
or close approximation, in time) earth
movements were observed to be fre-
quently propagated along great circles :
and further that while important
/'.! '
m.y.
Mowed iii
inn.l-
■ Monte '■
itru in Kurupe
■ml. near I.al,
in Nurtli A
IX In lli'- pa pel ■ hi ' rth-
quaki proved that the major-
ity pasw (1 aim t-le which
• ith
11 the
•nl mid center of
land, giving rise to the mors
tland, which some-
ictirred almost daily for
rcle, which, pawing
izai-
iro. in Ne« Zealand, to the evei active
in (lie ('ape \ I
and,
ig the north
I south counties of
near Uornliolen
where ft laU number of ■Nairn.
if the numb)
while
\ i
■iml chiefly along I'm
continental bell which mn- paral-
kppalachians, and
livity in I'
igraphy ol that
chain, and still giving
!
Ha. ill. .in. < '.linn
which like Com]
!
this
mtinued -m on thi
iting
2 i- the mate of
v i
at the equator, trending north
- .. 1 trends north
STo. S mark* the vi
lifornia, ol the Sierra Nevada
and ol Alaska, as well .-i- the eartb-
lalifornia.
portion »' ioh paasea through
America, ol th ircle conatitu-
ling the Asiatic eastern trend and
ing the bell of lim
in Kumtchatka, Japan, <£c. In North
ica it Follows bain
of lakes from • - Man-
and tin- center of the continent
Superior ; thence the
belt he eai thquake region in
n ■ i ili Madrid and other portion
tbr Mi-- illey disturbed in
1811-12 in ili- W • -■ I udii - ii .
belw< - Domingo, In
South America il
bich was desolate d al abon
period N Madrid,
- nth Amei i. a t" ili-
portion u ! Brazil. I he mate
to Al stern continental I
and iruporlani seismic bell
which, ail. i- its circuil from vol
.linn) ami from th
•i|.h aved ishi - with ilie
itOI ill. I" 1 l.-.U.i i
:ii our Y-
gion .in! running in arly |
the earth's n
PACIFIC SCIENCE MONTHLY
eanic regions of South America as well
as some in North America. It is the
belt which beginning near Behring's
straits traverses the earthquake re-
sjimisof Pekin and Canton, the volca-
noes of Sumatra and Java, passes
along the volcanoes of Chili and Peru,
Central America and close to Rainier,
St. Helen's and other volcanoes of
North America, thus also again tra-
versing California.
As regards the distribution in time,
America has not been long enough
discovered to give us sufficient ob-
served data to prove a generalization ;
but in a paper read before the A. A. A.
S. the writer showed from Mallet's Cat-
alogue that earthquakes were relative-
ly much more numerous in Central
Europe about the year 16(53, when the
magnetic meridian corresponded with
the geographical for that region, than
those recorded for more westerly local-
ities. Again it was shown that earth-
quakes, about the year 1814, when the
needle attained its greatest westing for
middle Europe, were relatively more
abundant in America, as well as re-
latively fewer in Europe.
Judging then from what we know
up to this time, it seems probable that
earthquakes would be somewhat more
numerous about every 333 years from
1663 in Europe, (as that seems the per-
iod of oscillation for the needle as
shown in another paper) and about
666 years from 1814 in America, as that
is apparently about the period which
elapses from the time the magnetic
needle occupies its greatest westing,
until it oscillates east and returns again
to its greatest westing, corresponding,
it is thought by some, with great sun-
spot periods modifying the earth's
meteorology. The chief seismic move-
ments in North America it may be
seen from the above, if correct, may be
expected along the line of the Appal-
achians, or centrally through the val-
ley of the Mississippi, or along the
California and Oregon regions, of the
Sierra Nevada. &c.
Mr. Edison's Search.
Thomas A. Edison says : "The great
secret of doing away with the
intermediary furnaces, boilers, steam
engines and dynamos will be found,
probably, within ten years . I have
been working away at it for som«
months and have got to the point
where an apparently insurmountable
obstacle confronts me. Working at
the problem now seems to me very
much like driving a ship straight for
the face of precipice and then you
come to grief picking yourself up and
trying it again to-morrow. There is
an opening in the barrier somewhere
and some lucky man find it. I have
got far enough in my investigations to
know that the thing is possble. I can
get quite a current now directly from
tbe combustion of fuel. Jablochkofl* ,
tried his hand in the same thing some
years ago, and so did some Germans,
but the results were laboratory curi-
osities only. I give myself five years
to work at it and shall think myself
lucky if I succeed in that time.
"The unscientific world has no con-
ception of what such a discovery
would mean. I would pfct an end to
boilers and steam engines ; it would
make power about one-tenth as cheap
as it is now ; it would enabled a steam-
ship to cross the Atlantic at a nominal
cost ; it would enable every poor
man to run his own carriage ; it would
revolutionize the industrial world."
PACIFIl l MONTHLY.
Heat
mi, B a
The ok) theory that beat ii a sob-
the atoms of
n abandoned, pari'.', i
it could not explain certain
ir example, the production
t by friction i
has been proposed which has explained
ir, and the mind i
in it, .«i in the Copernican iheory of
■m. liut the phi
. of tin- former theory lias been
i . particularly the term
icity lor heat," since water has
icily" to store away 30 timi
much be ■ nrj has, wh 1 1
the theory; and of course In cooling,
gives oft nidi heal
an tin* lame amount of mercury.
in be a sub-
stance, we ha\ • know that it
nply "ii vibratory motion of the
ultimate particles of matter," as sound
■ v motion of the string, the
bell, the vocal organs, which
pre! und The analogy of
the B i ong presump-
in favor of such a theory; for in
ili* - tuch and taste thi
■ a in the •
uell Miii-' contract with
given off from the odorous
body . but in round, which alios
jible distance of twenty miles there
ontract, only vibratioi
n heal ami lighi com s from the
sun and from the distant
might >\ | ition, instead ■
ct with particles given off.
In the process of combustion a
1 with phorphorus and
other sul hich burn at i
low temperal hted by thi
produced by friction, then, as in the
candle, the heal whioh slowly melts
low, which in raise. 1 to the tlamc
plllary attraction ; ami then the
atoms of carbon in the heated tallow
clash with atoms of oxygen in the sur-
rounding air ami the motion of trans-
lation is changed to vibration, which
is heat. Of COUrM the power which
the atoms of carbon and ox
together is not gravitation hut chemi-
cal a.-tion, a force indefinitely greater,
The slowness of combustion is because
onlv a few of I mi can I
itherat the tame time, while in
June, powder, and other explosives,
there is a previous mixing of the at
in proper proportions, ready t" i
when the spark is given.
We talk ahout the power of steam;
hut .team is only a convenient lever;
the power all comes from thi
muscular powi from the
digested — burned — in the stomach ;
for the stomach of every animal Is a
furnace, ami the heat of the furnace
produces mechanical force, whether in
the locomotive -ir In the animal ; and
heat and mechanical fore- n re conver-
tible each into the other ami hack
again, without actual los*. Ami thin
is analogous with what we see around
u*. There it change every where, but
nothing goes out of existence tee
mes water ; watei steam, and even
hydrogen and oxygen ; the form and
qualilii - I atly change, hut not
iiom of the in ■ It ; ami all
may bi changed hark ngsiin into water.
■••at in the locomotive is chs
into the forward motion • f the train,
and this sgain into heal when the
brske" are put on ;and mi the
friction of the axle-, tl
the air. and the heal pi stop-
pinga train would -tart it again to the
PACIFIC SCIENCE MONTHLY.
same speed in the same time, if all
could be used. The ratio of converti-
bility is 772 foot-pounds ; that is, the
heat which would raise one pound of
water one degree (Fahr.) would lift it
772 feet ; and a pound weight, by stop-
ping from a fall of 772 feet, would pro-
duce heat enough to warm a pound of
water one degree, if all used. In 1844
Mr. Joule, of Manchester, Eng., stirred
water, mercury and sperm oil by forces
which could be measured, and noticed
the heat developed. He also caused
pieces of cast iron to rnb together, and
forced water through capillary tubes ;
and in every case the ratio was sub-
stantially the same ; and the figures
"772" are the mean of 110 experiments,
and are now universally accepted.
With this ratio it has been figured
that the mere stopping of the earth
in its orbit would cause as much heat
as the burning of 14 worlds of solid
coal as large as our earth. Then in
starting us in our course around the
sun, as much power as this was exerted,
whether given at a separate impulse,
or in common with the whole solar
system according to the Nebular Hy-
pothesis. And since such power was
exerted in starting our little speck
how much more was used in giving
their motion to all planets, the sun
and all the stars which the telescope
reveals.
In practical matters, we see that the
enormous capacity of water to store
away heat explains why the ocean
never freezes, and never becomes hot
as the desert's burning sand. There-
fore the mildness of our ocean climate,
both in winter and in summer; and
especially when an ocean current like
that of the Gulf stream flows by the
banks of New Poundland, and wraps
the British Isles, it gives off in that
high latitude the enormous heal
ceived in the tropics. So with the
Japan current of the Pacific Coast. So
also of the "water protection" to fruit
on the shores of eastern lakes. But
more than this; water reaches its
greatest density at 39 degrees, seven
degrees above freezing, and the surface
drops cooling toward this point give
place to warmer drops from below, and
thus nearly all the. heat of the whole
lake to its bottom is given oft' to warm
the fields around, before its tempera-
ture falls to the freezing point. Thus
spring buds are saved, and corn from
a June fro»t, and the unripe grapes of
autumn. But further; in freezing,
water gives off 143 degrees of heat. So
that, a pound of water at 112 degrees in
merely changing into ice at 32 degrees
would warm 143 pounds of water one
degree. So steam in turning to water
at th™ same temperature, gives off beat
enough to warm 907 pounds of water
one degree; and of course ice in tinn-
ing to water consumes 143 degrees of
heat, and water in turning to steam
consumes 967 degrees . Therefore a
fire which quickly warms a kettle of
water to boiling, must burn a long
time to boil it all away. True, boiling
water, is as hot as steam ; but it is still
water, and an enormous amount of
work must be done to pull its molecules
apart, and left them to occupy 770
times their present room.
Now all the world's work is done by
the sun. The power of every water-
fall was given by the sun when it lifted
water from land and sea into the
clouds to fall as rain and go over the
mill-dam and Niagara. The power of
every steam engine came from the sun
as it caused the wood to grow, and the
vegetation which formed the coal. All
muscular power of man and beast
PACIFK ' KWTHLY.
And
the heat which our earth re-
in the sun i- only aa one to
.khhhmi. Whew e come* to th.-
■uo the supply for all this
iii diameter,) and i
its win. I.- outer surface with a layer ol
IT mil< h thick ; and the burning
pf all this coal would supply the sun
with heat only one y«-;tr. Whence
comes so much coal every year'.' And
extravagant ofita heat ever since the
in began ; and if the Nebu-
[yphothesia is even substantially
indefinitely earlier then
the earlii si geologic time Bui
the human race is especially concerned
with the future supply ; for if t ti >• sun
-hull have i" pi n :i littleecon-
omy it may In- hard for the children of
in. ii Meteor* may possible give a
partial supply. Stopping the earth in
■it would prnduco as much beat
. burning fourteen world
and if the earth should fall to
.:> produced would equal
thai >al ; and
this would keep up the sun's heal
i, if -.li.-n. onci in 822 j •
■ world as beavj aa oon should fall to
in from our distan
miles, the supply would be furnished ;
or. if u corresponding number of
smaller m in our w. -
ug sky there is .1 f:iint briglil
called the "zodiacal light," some ■
• wide at the base and reaching al-
te senith, which may l»- the
ii.,n of thi 1 [lit from ■ bell
of meteoric ma • ■und
ill'- Min ; and some have though) that
by falling to the sun mighi
up its supply of heal Bui "revolving
around" ia not "failing to;" and
though some might fall, as to th*
earth, yet, Since our great met*
shower of 1833 did not perceptibly
our temperature, we must look
for sonn" mora promising soun
Supply. Beside^, all meteoric matter
must he exhausted in the •
time, even if the sun is traveling
through a universe full of it. in
the universe is absolutely infinite in
extent. Then from the utter failure
uf every effort to find an adequate
supply fur the sun'a heat, lei us lit
to the firm voice of analogy from the
Nebular Hyp
teni has been gradually cooling since
before the ti r »t planet, Neptune.
thrown off. Our human race, with its
history of an hour, came intoexistence
at tin I cooling proci - j ; and
We and our children and your chil-
s children to thousands of gener-
ations may live and enjoy before the
sun is perceptibly cooler Hut modern
ii tends no more strongly to any
conclusion than thai the sun roust
sto|. shining, stop warming. The clock
must run down and Stop, and Byron's
tin of Darkness." be realised, un-
less some hand, outside the clock,
shall wind it. Hut if the sun mut
out in tim ■■. it begs 1 its shining in
time, just aa a clock, which cannot
run forever, has not been riming for-
iie.1 men's id.
the duration oftime back enormously ;
and the Nebular Hypothesis taking on
more and more of the apnearani
truth, earned our ideas hack indefin-
further still. But whether our
clock is a day clock ..1 an eight-day
clock, or a clock of a thousand J
orof a thousand million years; if it is
running down it has not been running
illy, or it would have run down
long ago, What must have an end.
8
PACIFIC SCIENCE MONTHLY.
has had a beginning, It is not the
enormous quantity of heat the sun is
giving off, but the fact that it is giving
it off, which proves that it is going
out. The clock is runing down, some-
body wound it once. Somebody made
it and wound it. If he made it so
that it would run 6,000 years, this is
wonderful. If he made it so that it
would run 6,000 times the length of
all geologic time— this is almost infin-
itely more wonderful. If he made it
so that it would run well -ill this time,
so we nee it is still running well, so
much the more wonderful his power,
wisdom, goodness and righteousness.
Now, if Darwin's development hy-
pothesis, shall prove true, (as I have no
idea it will.) Vet, if we shall find that
in making and endowing the nebulous
mist the Creator planned it so skillfully
that not only the physical part of the
solar system should run smoothly to
the end, hut that when the world be-
came fitted for vegetable and animal
life, these appeared in their untold
variety, each perfect after its kind,
without his immediate hand ; and not
only vegetable and animal life, but al-
so the mind, and especially the heart
of man with his conscience and free
will, how much more utterly lost we
shall he to express the greatness, wis-
dom and goodness of the great first
cause, a personal God.
The Effect of Tobacco.
Science has scrutinized boy smokers
in France, and has discovered
that the majority of them suffer from
disturbed circulation, palpitation of
the heart, "sluggishness of the intel-
lect," and craving for alcoholic stimu-
lants, while the rest were troubled
with intermittent pulse, sleeplessness
nose-bleeding, chronic nightmare and
all other ills, all of which disappeared
where the boys were induced to give
up smoking. The investigation, says
the San Diego Union, but confirmsthe
results of many Other inquiries. The
cigarette seems harmless, because it is
so small and dainty, and even fragile
in appearance. But its smoke of min-
gled tobacco and paper, drawn in upon
the lungs, will unucrmine the strength
of manhood; to youth it is deadly.
The habit of cigarette smoking is in-
creasing among the hoys of the land
at an alarming rate, and threatens to
endanger the manhood of the coming
generations. There is need of a good
deal of educational work in this direc-
tion among the voting and it is a work
distinctively for parents to undertake.
Oauern Near Ventura.
JN company with I). H. Bailey we vis-
J ited a spot about two miles up the
coast, where it was sa ; d a cave had
been discovered some years ago. In
ascending the ridge of the Coast Range
mountains about two hundred feet
above the ocean, we came 'o a descent
to this subterranean vault, but found it
surrounded by perpendicular walls
from thirty to fifty feet high. We
traced the cavern about one hundred
yards further where we reached another
opening surrounded by perpendicular
walls, but that on the west was but ten
or twelve feet in height. Fastening
a rope to some bushes we let ourselves
down and were enabled to penetrate
the opening about 100 feet into the
mountain. We found the passage
narrow at the bottom, but widening
toward the top toa dozen feet, or more.
The roof or ceiling is nearly thirty
feet high. Both walls and ceiling are
of indurated clay, and with the side
excavations seem to be a resort foi
PACIFIC S'C7i V / UOXTHLY
Hi.' main excavation
..■t imi><>sinc
\ M-uctrating to
,f .me liundrul feet, we
■ if about
j, which we found impossible
'h<' aid • >f a ladder,
compelled to re-
The cave is well
,, r ti, id should he thorough-
plonnl . A ladder, r..p. •* ami lan-
would be in (or the under
*
Editor's Department.
: l < I out the li,--i number of the
ai in. - niim-
r» of which we trust it* readers will
ii.l ol ' interesl erv i
r binding. It will be issued
e first of each month, and will con-
in fr..m twelve •
prepared to p
n.v f..r one year and at the
ceedingly low price ..f kitty i
his brings it within the range
• Irho are inti rested in Scii nee \\
■rilling t.. admit a few advert
•n the second and third
Wi - nd the Pacific
Monthly t any
•oribers, trusting thai they will it
tend in their names accompanied l<v
the price — 60 CtS — i'ir . sub-
scription. Back numbers can bi
at any time We hope to obtain a
lisi Kv the ttriii- n
Iprilnuml
Evolution.
Hi- extract the following from
the Mtthodul Review written by its
■ ■ Ri Daniel Curry, D.
I>., LL !> in I which we oommend
t.. both the advocates and oppoeeri ol
the theory of evolution : —
The manner In which this whole
SUbji I I is very far
from edifying. Khst, the in
ncientists, from a few partially si
■ 1 end \. i ectly c illated
fa.-is. |, .i |„ ,| i,, the ci inclusion
they had effectually overthrown ever]
>rm and degree of supernatur-
nli-ni. an.l they -• proclaimed with
undisguised pleasure \nd then the
friends of the Bible, biking the alarm,
began t.i discredit, uol simply the eon-
elu- nts, hut their
indubitable fact*, and the few clearly
ed piiiicij.l. • deduced from
tliem. The result a a war of
- IJOl at all (I uilal.le to either
paiiy. Bill a third class — neither in-
blinded - of tradi-
l opinions — I. ed to look
into these things in order to Sod what
they do really teach. The full n
of their studii iminations bat
I — probably it n v
nd complete as
■lo lougi ble of additions
but this much is
lined — that all has been
arches made in the
I nature has failed to east the
doubt opon any of the
10
VAC C SCIENCE MONTHLY
great and saving truths of r ,inii, as
they are revealed in the Be iptures,
and cherished in the hearts nelh v-
ers, and conserved by t! living
Church. Sor is there any cause for
misgiving in respect to anything that
science may hereafter deinonstntt —
for tin plane of its operations and that
of the supernatural truth i 'ion
are not the same, and by no pox ble
extension can the former ■ - ■ into
collision with the latter. The high-
way of faith is all its own ; the eagle's
eye has not seen nor the lion's \\h Ip
trod it .
The worst so vice Hint can be done
for religion, in this business, is that
rendered by its incompet< nl would-be
defender-, who, with more zeal than
discretion, rush into the contest against
more expert antagonists, either to be
discomfited in attempting to defend
what is not true, or to give sWay their
cause by false concessions. A large
■hare of the discussions of these mat-
ters, heard from the pulpit or found in
the newspapers, come within rang ■ of
this criticism. Only those thoroughly
learned in the points at issue can dis-
cuss them in thepulpit, except to he-
tray the cause they would defend.
and the lies! learned will not
be apt t" bring them there at all.
There is reasons to believe that this
folly is not much less in fashion than
it was a few years ago.
The history of ecclesiastical proceed-
ing in respect to the finding of science
is not altogether an honorable one, as
may be seen in such cases as that of
Galileo. The literalistic theory of bib-
lieu! interpretation which controlled
the thinking mind of Christendom
from a very early age of the Church
down to the immediate past — and is
still powerful to mislead — has com-
pelled the Church, first to antagonize
the progress of science, and then tore-
treat before it. So it fought theCoper-
tiican system, but was compelled ai
last to yield the j oint : and .-o, for a
long time, it held on longer. Perhaps
it has not yet fully given it, up. Bui
a better method of thinking is now al-
most universally accepted by those
wdio must dictate the opinions of tie
Church of the future, which demands
that spiritual Christianity shall not be
subjected to scientific test of modes of
thought. Such subjects as the methods
of creation, the age of the world, He?
genesis of living things, and the devel-
opment of speeies, all belong to the
same class with the laws of gravitation,
the motion of the heavenly bodies, and
the precession of the equinoxes ; and
none of them fall within the sphere of
theology. They are all of the earth
earthy, and should be left lor .secular
men to deal with. "We have a more
sure word of prophecy."
Society of Natural History Meetings
in February.
Feb.6. — The Society net at the Li-
brary rooms at 7 :30p. ni. Dr. Bowers,
the president in the chair. The min
u ll
\\
tpproved I
lor membership It was reeolved
bo invito I i >l John Murray
mertoinmeni under tl,.
Mi \
,,,„ ..( hj Iraulic
from Mi Tl "
Mrs. [da M
read a highly interestin* p«-
,„., on earthquake* in lb< United
m Prof I ''■ "'
mony.lnd. Thii waa illoatra
,,,]! inthehai * ••'•
nl All " ,,e " f ""'
ly d '"■' *
and Prol i tdlallj
thanked for hie able p*| v "■
;.l ■ paper
ting.
16th -
day.) veni " P '"■ "■'• B ''
rnard pr<
which is publiahed in
ol than!
author for hie abli
. ect WM '1
Prol Meredith waa
paper at I
• -
So isaural History.
Society ol Nal
nized June 16th,
and the
- illustrating Mm
Datura I h arch«e log) ,
botany, entomolo
gy, p '■■ archaeol
By the kindneea of Roy.
ty baa th<
dda much to ita
i„ t ,. held twice
.lltll and arc well attended
a» illustra-
, and mineral-
rtI ,,l i continually. The
of the m
Id
i, Clarence
pben
let
Bnrlow. Mr* C \
Boc I B
I
Breweb r, J.
- I IV
B irnard, I.
Itn l
Blackbu
8
12
PACIFIC SCIENCE MONTHLY.
Collins, J. S.
Collins, Mrs. .1. S.
--, . . ./-Means
Carnnchay
Dunning, Mrs."Ella
Foster, E. P.
Foster, Mrs. E. P.
Faddis, Miss Minnie
Gilbert, Miss Fannie
Guiberson, Dr. S. P.
Hall, E. S.
Hare, L. H.
Keene, Josiah
Kendall, A. C.
Kendall, Miss Estella
McKeeby, L. C.
McKeeby, Mrs. L. C.
Meredith, C. T.
McMillan, Miss
Morrison, Thos. H.
Morrison, Mrs. T. IT,
Murphy, Rev. T. D,
Mercer, L. E.
Reese, Miss Ada
Robinson, Capt. R .
Robinson, Mrs. R.
Seward, Rev. F. D.
Steepleton, Mrs. T. B.
Baxby, Mrs. I. T.
Saxby, Bert J.
Seward, A. D.
Shepard, Dr. J. H.
Seward, Miss Anna
Seymour, Miss Marie
Surdam, R. G.
Tag-art, Mrs. E.
Vandever, Gen. Win.
Vance, T. L.
Walker, John A.
Walker, Mrs. Ida M.
Wiikin, E.
Wilkin, Mrs. R.
Wagner, Misa Anna
Wooley, Mrs. Nellie
CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
Prof Richard Owen, LL. I)., New
Harmony, Indiana,
D. E. Collins, Oakland, Cal.
Publications Receioed.
Message and Documents of tub Inter-
ior Department, vol. 3. 1883-4. 8 vo . pages
473. eighty-five pistes and fifteen figures
Govennno.it Printing office, Washington.
Memoir of the National Academy op
Sciences, vol. II, 1884. quail... pag« S 268:
Plates and figures. Government Printing
office, Washington
The Medical and Sbroicai. History or
•i he Wa r of the Rebellion, Part III. vol.
II, 1884 Quarto, pages 2C2. Plates and
figures Government Printing Office.
Smithsonian Reports, 1882. 8 vo., pages
BS6. Figures and maps. Government
Printing Office.
Third Report of the XI 8. Entomolog-
ical Commission, 8 vo., pages 452, Gf plates.
Government Printing Office.
Ciiineie Gordon, by Archibald Forbes,
61 mo., pages 215. John B. Alden New
York.
Quarterly Report of the Chief of the
Bureau of Statistics, 8 vo., pasres 249.
1885. Washington.
Circulars of Information of the Bu-
reau of Education, Rural Schools, 8vo..
pages 90. Washington
Production of Gold and Silver in the
United States. Burchard, 8 yn., pages
838. Washington.
United States Fish Commissioh ion
1882, 8 vo. pages XCII and 1100 with plates
And figures. Washington. 1884.
Cotton Production hi the Undian Tek-
ritory.4 to pages 34 Government Printing
office 1884,
Ship Building Industry of the U. 8
4to. illustrated pages 27G. Government
Printing office. 1884.
Cotton Production in the .State of Vir
iiinia, 4 to pages 25. Government. Printing
office, 1884.
Report on Cattle, Sheep, and Swikb, 4
to pages 1G2. Government Printing office
1884.
Report of the National Academy of
Sciences, 8 vo., pages 115 Washington,
1884.
1
i. n
■
(•>r
lly good -
V(l(l ditoi
FOH KXVBA \
-
Dr ,
al.
miiI ninrii
I • • v \l Wxu
FOR KXCUA '
II <
al.
PAL/EOZOIC CRINOIDS
INK
Crawtorttsviile Beds.
THE MOST UOttD DSPQ3I7S 0? THESE
mi M fflWOT FOSSILS OF
THE WOBLf.
n the subject, ami
liable un-
to furnish -p. .'inii-ii< unequal!* d
and beauty, The follow-
i Dg testimonial i* from u ooni|>
judge.
\l i -
* .\ Fordsville, hid.
We have jusl >f 1 1
A. I:..--, i, a In noidri
of ilii* \ iiiii it> The writer has
the criiioids ( .f nil the .lire
tii'ii^ in this country . and I
impure in
1 "iili th i cf Prof.
"ii. Hi' brin
the wui k, the ti i n-~t betid in I lie i
-kill thai arc inher-
w i| l.\ long |\|„-| .
and, what in, pcihit|>x, mwl ini|Mirtant,
ntific knowledge of the subject
fectly familiar
with the demands of n museum. The
only oighl
of In nd 'lie most faatidi-
lor will b
JOHN M COULTEK,
ogy.
Iher information send foi
circul
PROF, l> A BAfi
Crawfordsville, fndhv
