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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

-^ GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DiRKCTOB

Btti^usttn' 396

PALEONTOLOGY

OF THE

COALINGA DISTEICT

FRESNO AND KINGS COONTIES
CALIFORNIA

RALPH ARNOLD

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
19Q9

214572

• •

* • •

•••

• «

•„ •

• • •

• »

CONTENTS.

Page.

Introduction 5

General statement 5

Acknowledgments 5

Previous paleontologic work in the district 6

Location and topography ,«, 7

Geologic formations 1 8

General statement 8

Franciscan formation (Jurassic ?) 10

General description 10

Age.: : 10

Knoxville-Chico rocks (Cretaceous) 10

General description 10

Knoxville fossils 11

Chico fossils 11

Tejon formation (Eocene) 12

General description 12

Fossils 13

Faunal relations and age 15

Vaqueros formation (lower Miocene) 16

Distribution and character 16

Fossils :..... 17

Faunal relations and age 19

Santa Margarita (?) formation (upper miHHIo Miocene) 20

General description 20

Fossils 21

Faunal relations and ag^.^ 21

Jacalitos formation (early upper lAioc e ne ) 22

General description 22

Fossils 24

Faunal zones 27

Faunal relations and age. ^ 27

Etchegoin formation (uppeimoot Mi o cene) 28

General description 28

Fossils 29

Faunal zones 42

Conditions of deposition 42

Correlation 44

Age 45

Tulare formation (Pliocene-lower Pleistocene) 46

General description 46

Fossils 47

Faunal relations and age 48

4 CONTENTS.

Page.

Descriptions of species 49

Tejon (Eocene) species 49

Pelecypoda 49

Grasteropoda 51

Vaqueros (lower Miocene) species 54

Pelecypoda 54

Gasteropoda 59

Jacalitos (early upper Miocene) species 63

Echinodermata 63

Pelecypoda 64

Gasteropoda 69

Etchegoin (uppermost Miocene) species 71

Pelecypoda 71

Gasteropoda 83

Tulare (fresh-water Pliocene) species •. . . 91

PelecyjKxia 91

Gasteropoda 95

Pisces 100

Index 169

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page.

Plate I. Chico fossils 104

II-III. Tejon Pelecypoda 106, 110

IV. Tejon Gasteropoda and Echinodermata 114

V-IX. Vaqueros fossils 116-124

X. Santa Margarita fossils 126

XI-XII. Santa Margarita and Jacalitos fossils 128, 130

XIII. Jacalitos Echinodermata 132

XIV-XV. Jacalitos fossils 134, 136

XVI. Jacalitos Pelecypoda 138

XVII-XX. Etchegoin fossils 140-146

XXI. Jacalitos and Etchegoin fossils 148

XXII-XXVII. Etchegoin fossHs 150-160

XXVIII. Etchegoin Echinodermata 162

XXIX. Etchegoin fossils 164

XXX. TularefossHs 168

# •

•'o

PALEONTOLOGY OF THE COALTNGA DISTRlGtj-'FRESNO

AND KINGS COUNTIES, CALIFORNIA. ■ ,.-•

By Ralph Arnold.

INTRODUCTION.

General statement — The material on which this paper is based was
collected during two separate investigations in the Coalinga district
and adjacent regions. The first was made in the summer of 1905,
under the direction of William H. Dall, of the United States Geolog-
ical Survey, in connection with a paleontologic reconnaissance of the
southern Coast Ranges. During this trip, on which the writer was
assisted by H. R. Johnson and Frank Stokes, jr., nearly a month was
spent in the region from Coalinga southward to the vicinity of Dudley.
The second examination of the district was carried on during the
whole of the summer of 1907, at which time a detailed geologic map
of the district was made. This map was primarily prepared to accom-
pany a report on the oil resources of the district, but incidentally
the detailed mapping threw much light on various stratigraphic and
paleontologic problems, several of which are discussed in this paper.

Acknowledgments, — ^Mr. Robert Anderson collaborated in the work
carried on in 1907 and in the preparation of the geologic reports
relative to the district, and Mr. Earl Stonebarger assisted in some of
the paleontologic field work in 1907. The writer wishes also to return
thanks to Mrs. Hugo Kreyenhagen, Mr. James H. Pierce, Prof.
Orlando D. Barton, Judge W. H. Kerr, Mr. K. W. Jones, and many
others in the district for kindly assistance and interest in the paleon-
tologic work. He is especially indebted to Mr. Homer Hamlin and
Mr. Frank M. Anderson for notes relating to many fossiliferous local-
ities, not only in this district but elsewhere in the southern Coast
Ranges, which have expedited the collection of much of the material
on which this and other papers have been based; and to Mr. S. G.
Mason, of the United States Geological Survey, for assistance in the
preparation of the tables of fossils and fossiliferous localities con-
tained in this bulletin.

6 PALEONTOLOGY. OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

•• • ■*

The discussion relatiiig* to the topography and geology of the dis-
trict is largely copicd'from Bulletin No. 357, United States Geological

Survey.* ..'*••/

Previous pale&nMogic work in the district, — ^Practically no paleonto-
logic or geologic; data concerning the Coalinga district were available
until 1894, wfijen W. L. Watts published geologic descriptions accom-
panied by'-li^s of fossils collected by himself at various localities
throughout the district and identified by the late J. G. Cooper,* In
1900 Mr/Watts gave supplemental notes on the geology of the district.*'
Tkejmost important contribution to the paleontology of the district
is Jbi3?^''Frank M. Anderson,^ who in 1905 mapped and described the
f ofinjations of the local CoaUnga field and described and figured many
.new and several old species of fossils. The original descriptions and
"•figures of all the Tertiary species accredited to Mr. Anderson occur in
'•.this paper. His report was supplemented by a later one,* in which
he revises some of his opinions concerning the age of certain of the
formations and gives additional notes on others.

On November 23, 1908, a report^ issued by the writer in collabora-
tion with Robert Anderson gave a geologic map and a brief description
of the geology of the region, but contained only the briefest mention
of the paleontology, although the classification of the formations
described is based primarily on their contained fossils.

Mention is also made directly or indirectly of the paleontology and
stratigraphy of the CoaHnga district in the following publications,
among others:

1865. Whitney, J. D., Geol. Survey California, Geology, vol. 1, xxxii4-498 pp., 1 pt.

1869. Gabb, W. M., Geol. Survey California, Pal. California, vol. 2, Cretaceous and
Tertiary fossils, xiv+299 pp., 36 pis.

1888. Cooper, J. G., Catalogue of California fossils, pt. 1: Seventh. Ann. Rept. Cali-
fornia State Mineralogist for 1887. *

1894. Cooper, J. G., CataJc^ue of California fossils, parts 2, 3, 4, and 5: Bull. CaU-
fomia State Min. Bureau, No. 4. Describes Cancellana irelaniana and
Potamides carhonicola.

1894. Cooper, J. G., On some Pliocene fresh- water fossils of California: Proc. Cali-
fornia Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4, pp. 166-172, pi. 14. Describes fresh^water
deposits of Kettleman Hills, and the new species Margaritana subangulata.

1903. Eldridge, Geo. H., The petroleum fields of Califorma: Bull. U. S. Geol. Sur-
vey No. 213, pp. 306-321. Gives an outline of the stratigraphy.

a Arnold, Ralph, and Anderson, Robert, Preliminary report on the Coalinga district, 1908.
^ b The gas and oil yielding formations of the central valley of California: Bull. California State Min. Bureau
No. 3, 1894, pp. 53-67.
' e Oil and gas yielding formations of California: Bull. California State Min. Bureau No. 19, 1900, pp. 131-142.

d A stratigraphic study in the Mount Diablo Range of California: Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser.
Geology, vol. 2, No. 2, 1905, pp. 156-243, pis. 13-35.

« A further stratigraphic study on the Mount Diablo Range of California: Proc. California Acad. Sci.,
4th ser., vol. 3, 1908, pp. 1-40.

/ Preliminary report on the geology and oil resources of the Coalinga district, Fresno and Kings coun-
ties, California: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 357, 1908, 142 pp., 3 pis.

INTRODUCTION. 7

1906. Arnold, Ralph, The Tertiary and Quaternary pec tens of California: Prof. Paper

U. S. Geol. Survey No. 47, 264 pp., 53 pis., 2 figs. Describes Pecten

coalingaensiSf P. nutteri^ and P. wattsi.
1908. Weaver, Chas. E., New echinoids from the Tertiary of California: Bull. Dept.

Geology Univ. California, vol. 5, No. 17, pp. 271-274, pb. 21-22. Describes

Scutella perrini,

1908. Rathbun, Mary J., Descriptions of fossil crabs from California: Proc. U. S.

Nat. Mus., vol. 35, pp. 341-349, pis. 45-49. Describes Cancer fissus and
BrariMx>lamhru8 alius, new species, and Loxarhynchus grandis Stimpson from
Coalinga district.

1909. Weaver, Chas. E., Stratigraphy and paleontology of the San Pablo formation in

middle California: Bull. Dept. Geology Univ. California, voL 5, No. 16, pp.
243-269.

Notes on the stratigraphy of the general region also occur in some
of the other publications of the California State Mining Bureau,
especially in those relating to the San Joaquin coal mine.

Location and topography. — ^The region mapped and referred to in
the reports of the United States Geological Survey^ as the Coalinga
district is situated in the southern part of Fresno County and the
western part of Kings County, Cal., and is bounded on the south by
the Kern County line. It forms a long strip of territory extending
from 119° 50' west longitude and 35° 47' north latitude at its south-
east comer to 120° 37' west longitude and 36° 20' north latitude at
its northwest corner, along the foot of the Diablo Range. This is the
easternmost member of the Coast Ranges on the border of the San
Joaquin Valley of CaUfornia. The district as mapped is roughly 50
miles long and 15 miles wide and includes about 700 square miles.

The Coalinga district owes its broader topographic features to its'
position along the border between the Coast Ranges and the San
Joaquin Valley. It is largely a region of foothills that rise on the west
into the mountains and merge on the east with the wide level plain.
The foothills form several groups around the base of spurs descending
southeastward from the Diablo Range, the groups being separated
from each other by reentrant valleys that open out to the San Joaquin
Vatiey.

The Diablo Range in this latitude is a rugged moimtain group made
up of various component members, some of which, owing to a compli-
cation of structures, rim at angles oblique to the main trend of the
range northwest and southeast. The crest of the range has a general
altitude varying between 2,500 and 5,000 feet, and declines in height
from the region northwest of the Coalinga district toward the region
southwest of it, where it has been assumed as coming to a stop and
giving place on the southwest to the Temblor Range. The northwest
comeriof the district is marked by a peak nearly 5,000 feet high that

oBuU. No. 357, p. 11.

8 PALEOKTOLOGT OP COALIKGA DISTRICT, CALlFOltlfnA.

stands at the head of Joaquin Ridge; in the southwest comer, the
much lower Avenal Ridge, the southernmost spur of the range,
appears. In the intermediate region the ridges are in general sepa-
rated from the main divide of the range by a region of lower reUef
determined by the presence of transverse structural valleys, of which
. Waltham Valley is the principal example. The general topographic
development is youthful, but there is evidence in certain localities of
different stages of development up to advanced youth. A feature of
the relief of the whole region is the topographic reflection of the geo-
logic structure, a feature that is especially pronounced in the foothills
belt, with which this report particularly deals.

GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS.

GENERAL STATEMENT.

The eastern slope of the mountains bordering the San Joaquin
Valley is formed by a great thickness of strata dipping toward the
valley. The oldest rocks exposed appear in the axis of the mountain
range at the base of the monocline, and successively yoimger forma-
tions appear eastward as the edge of the valley is approached. The
different formations that may be recognized as units in this series,
with the time divisions to which they correspond, are as follows, from
the oldest to the youngest: Franciscan (Jurassic?), Knoxville (Lower
Cretaceous), Chico (Upper Cretaceous), Tejon (Eocene), Vaqueros
/ (lower Miocene), Santa Margarita(?) (upper middle Miocene), Jacalitos

(early upper Miocene), Etchegoin (uppermost Miocene), Tulare
(PUocene and lower Pleistocene), and late Quaternary alluvium and
terrace deposits. These formations, with the exception of certain
igneous and metamorphic rocks associated with the Franciscan, are
of sedimentary origin, and, with the exception of minor portions
of the Miocene series and most of the Tulare and later beds, are of
marine deposition. They indicate that the greater portion of the
area included within the Coalinga district was beneath the sea during
intervals occupying probably the major portion of the time from the
Jurassic to the end of the Miocene. The latest movements of the
land, which produced the features of topographic relief now to be
seen, did not take place imtil Quaternary time.
; In the following table is given a tentative correlation of these for-

! mations with those of other localities in California:

-kadBBHBUEiariiAh

GEOLOGIC FOBMATIONS.

- ^

•s

■5»

•:S

'Ofozoado

'9I0Z0S9K

10 PALEONTOLbGY OF COALING A DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

FRANCISCAN FORMATION (JURASSIC?).

General description, — The Franciscan formation occupies the central
portion of the Diablo Range and comprises the oldest, most altered,
and most distorted rocfcs in the district. The original sedimentary
rocks of the Franciscan are sandstone,. shale, and jasper, with which
are associated glaucophane, actinolite, and related schists, serpentine,
and other metamorphosed rocks, and, in one area, soda-bearing horn-
blende syenite. The serpentine is by far the most important of the
• rocks in or associated directly with the Franciscan.

Age, — No fossils have been fomid in the Franciscan formation in
the Coalinga district, and similar conclusive evidence as to its age is
also lacking in other districts where it is known throughout the Coast
Ranges. It antedates the Knoxville (Lower Cretaceous) and is
usually considered Jurassic, but further than this little can be said
regarding its age.

KNOXVILLE-CHICO ROCKS (CRETACEOUS).

General description, — The next oldest rocks exposed in the Coalinga
district comprise a thick succession of sandstone, shale, and conglom-
erate overiying with probable unconformity the Franciscan formation
and covering a wide belt for the most part west of the foothill region.
They form the high hills north and south of Los Gatos and Waltham
creeks and may be easily recognized by the dark, thin-bedded, compact
shale and sandstone of the lower portion and the massive drab con-
cretionary sandstone of the upper portion. These rocks are of Creta-
ceous age and comprise part or all of the two formations well known
elsewhere on the west coast as Knoxville (Lower Cretaceous) and
Chico (Upper Cretaceous). Owing to the lack of fossil or strati-
graphic evidence in the Coalinga district sufficient to form the basis
for a separation between these two formations, they are described
together for the present.

The rocks, however, may be separated lithologically into three
divisions. A marked distinction between the lower and upper por-
tions has already been noted, and the thin-bedded shale and sand-
stone making up the lower portion is further divided into two parts
by a conformably interbedded zone of coarser sediments and in places
by several hundred feet of coarse massive conglomerate, as along
Alcalde Canyon and on Juniper Ridge.

The beds above and below the conglomerate zone are the same in
character, consisting of predominantly dark argillaceous shale in thin
layers with partings of sandstone, but it is possible that the conglom-
erate zone represents an important stratigraphic separation. Chico
(Upper Cretaceous) fossils have been found north of White Creek and
near Alcalde in the shale at horizons higher than the conglomerate, and
it is possible that the zone of coarsening in the sediments represents the
base of the Chico. The beds below the conglomerate are at least 3,000
feet thick, and probably belong to the Knoxville (Lower Cretaceous).

KNOXVTLLE-CHICO ROCKS.

KnoxviUe fossils, — No fossils of Knoxville age have been found in
the CoaUnga district proper, but in the Devils Den region, a short
distance southeast of the Kern-Kings County line, the following
characteristic Knoxville fossils have been found in a dark greenish
shale, believed to be the equivalent of a part of the lower portion of
the Knoxville-Chico of the Coalinga district: Pelecypoda, AuceUa
crassicoUis KeyserUng; Cephalopoda, Belemnites impressus Gabb. In
addition to these two species, F. M. Anderson" reports a species of
Ammonites (Hoplites) from the Knoxville portion of the Cretaceous
in the Coalinga district or adjacent regions.

CMco fossils. — The Chico, or upper portion of the Knoxville-Chico
rocks, has yielded a number of fairly representative fossils, but in
most instances in a poor state of preservation. The following species,
all believed to be characteristic of the Chico, have been foimd at one
place or another within the district :

List of Chico ( Upper Cretaceous) fossils from the Coalinga district.

Name.

6..

l(f.

11.

PELECYPODA.

Anomia lineata Gabb

Anomia lineata? Gabb

Area vancouverensis Meek

Av^C^Tllfl. lineal fpformi.s Kv^tiS n-Tifl Shiimftrd . _ .

X
X

TnnnftraTniiR sn. indp.t _

Mactra ashburneri Gabb

X
X

■

Meekia sella Gabb

Meekia sella? Gabb

Nucula sp. indet

PelecTPod sd

; 1

Solen? sp

....i....

Telllna? ooides Gabb

Venus vftrians Gabb. . ....

GASTEROPODA.

Lunatia sp

Perissolax brevirostiis Gabb '■

Volutodenna gabbi (White)

CEPHALOPODA.

Ammonites 6

X
X

Baculites chlcoensls Trask 1 x

Pachydiscus n. sp. b ■

a Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 161.

b Fragments of indeterminate ammonoids nave been found by several persons in the hills northwest of
Coalinga.

1. Ten miles N. 27® W. of Coalinga, at elevation of 2,600 feet, on summit of long ridge north of Los Gatos
Creek; in center of SW. J sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 14 E. About 1,0C0 feet stratigraphically above base of CMoo
concretionary sandstone series in a bed of conglomerate and pebbly micaceous sandstone.

2. Hills north of Los Gatos Creek; probably same locality as 1.

3. About one-fourth mile north of 1, on the same ridge. About 600 feet stratigraphically above base of
Chico concretionary sandstone series in a conglomerate bed through massive sandstone.

4. On long ridge, 3| miles north of junction of White and Los Gatos creeks, on north side of summit of
2,654-foot hill. Several hundred feet stratigraphically below base of Chico concretionary sandstone series
in a coarse conglomerate through sandstone and shale.

5. Two miles north of White Creek, at elevation of 3,100 feet, one^fourth mile southeast of summit of
3,425-foot hill; southeast comer sec. 10, T. 19 S., R. 13 E. About 2,0C0 feet stratigraphically below base ol
concretionary sandstone series in a bed of pebbly sandstone through the shale series.

6. Two miles north of White Creek, at elevation of about 2,800 feet, on long ridge, three-fourths mile
south of 3,300-foot hill; east side of NE. J sec. 14, T. 19 S., R. 13 E. About 2,000 feet stratigraphically below
base of Chico concretionary sandstone series in a pebbly sandstone through shale series. Probably the
same horizon as 5.

7. Hills northwest of Coalinga; locality indefinite. Specimens owned by J. H. Webb.

8. Float in creek 6 miles northwest of Coalinga, north of White Creek.

9. In Alcade Hills, 3i miles west-southwest of Coalinga in Anticline Canyon, central part of sec. 2, T. 21
S. , R. 14 E. At contact of Cretaceous and Miocene in a thin bed of pebbly sandstone through thinly bedded
sandstone and shale.

10. Alcalde Canyon, one-half mile southwest of Alcalde. In shale.

11. Head of Canoas Creek outside of the area mapped. About 1 to 2 miles east of the southeast end of
Castle Mountain. In sandstone and shale.

PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFOBNU.

The following additional species are reported by F. M. Anderson*
from the nodular limestone in the shales below the concretionary
sandstones at different points throughout the Coalinga district:

PBLBCYPODA.

Glycymeris veatchii Gabb-f-Pectunculiia

id.
Inoceramus whitneyi Gabb.

GASTEROPODA.

CEPHALOPODA.

Baculiteesp.

DeexDOceras sp., related to D. hofiEmanni

Gabb.
Lytoceras sacya Forbes.

Architectonica sp.
Ginulia obliqua Gabb.
Gyrodee sp.

TEJON FORMATION (EOCENE).

General description, — ^The Biioxville-Chico rocks are overlain
unconformably by beds belonging to the Tejon (Eocene) formation.
This is a marine sedimentary formation, which was named from the
locaUty near Fort Tejon, in Kern County, where it occurs typically.
It forms a belt along the western edge of the San Joaquin Valley
and is exposed intermittently in the region between the type locality
and the Coalinga district. No sharp line of demarcation is to be
drawn between the Tejon and the underlying Chico in the northern
part of the district, and in places there appears to be a gradation
from the beds of the former into those of the latter, as if they had
been formed during a continuous period of sedimentation.

The Tejon formation in the Coalinga district is made up entirely
of sedftnentary strata that dip toward the San Joaquin Valley in
the monocline along the eastern flank of the mountains, and are
exposed on the surface in a narrow discontinuous belt between the
beds of Cretaceous which underlie them and those of the overlying
Miocene. Broadly speaking, the Tejon formation here may be
divided into a lower sandstone portion and an upper shale portion,
but no sharp division can be made that will be applicable throughout
the district under discussion. The most important and distinctive
feature of the formation is the predominantly fine-grained nature of
the beds toward the top as compared with those below. Where
most completely exposed the Tejon comprises a thickness of 1,400
to 2,300 feet, the upper half of which is made up of thin beds of
whitish and purplish, sihceous, argillaceous, and locally calcareous
shale which is easily recognizable and which lends individuality to
the formation. The lowermost fett hundred feet are of variable
sandy beds, locally fossiliferous. The upper shale is very similar —
especially so in some places, as north of CoaHnga — to the siHceous
shale of the formation along Reef Ridge described later as the Santa

a Proc. CaUfomla Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, No. 2, 1905, p. 161.

TEJON FOBMATION.

Margarita(?), and the two must not be confused. Wtere the Tejon
formation is thick the shale portion forms a greater proportion of
the whole than does the sandstone, the middle beds being chieSy of
fine grain. The middle beds differ from those at the top in being
more ai^llaceous, of a darker color, less prominent, and more
frequently interbedded with sandy beds.

There are three separate areas in which the Tejon is exposed ; one
in the oil field north of Pleasant Valley, another on the eastern border
of the Alcalde Hills just west of Coalinga, and the third along Reef
Eidge. Between the Alcalde Hills and Reef Ridge it is covered, as
is the Cretaceous below, by the overlapping Miocene beds.

Fossils. — As indicated by the following list, the Tejon formation
is well represented by fossils, which in several localities are in a fairly
good or even an excellent state of preservation. Among the species
collected by Robert Anderson and the writer within the Coalinga
district are the following:

List of Tejon, {Eocerie) fotnli from tile CoaKnpa dUtrict.

"•"«""■"■

PELECrPOD*.

..^.

FusuiremondnGiibb ,.,

PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTBICT, CALIFOBNIA.

List of Tejon {Eocene) fossils from the Coalijiga district — Continued.

Name.

•

GASTEROPODA— continued.
Galerus excentricus Gabb

X
X
X

Loxotrema turrita Gabb

1,X\x\ti.t\A homii Oahh. ...

T^nnfttiA sp- rt _ _ .

■

X '... '. .-

Nerita triangulata Gabb

X : !

Pleurotoma domenginei n. sp

X*
X

^ 1

Pleurotoma fresnoensis n. sp

......

.... .... ....

Pleurotoma guibersoni n. sp

...]'--'---

Potamides carbonicola Cooper

X '....'....

Rimella canalifera Gabb. . T

Serpulorbis sp. o

X-
X

1 1

Spiroglyphus? tejonensis n. sp

1 1

Tritonidea kreyenhageni n. sp

.?^.i::::i;;::

Tritonium caliiomicum Gabb

Turritella pachecoensis Stanton

X
X
X

Turritella uvasana Conrad

.... X

Xenophora? sp

1 1

4613. About 11 miles north of Coalinga, on west side of sec. 4. T. 19 8., R. 15 E.

4614. East flank of Alcalde Uills, 3 to 4 miles northwest of Coalinga, along ridge within three-fburths milo
of San Joaquin Vallejr coal mine, in northwest comer of sec. 26 and SE. i sec. 2^, T. 20 S., R. 14 E.
Prominent medium-grained sandstone bed about 200 feet above contact with concretionary sandstone beds
mapped as Cretaceous.

4615. High point on Reef Ridge about 1 mile south of sharp turn in Zapato Creek and 1 mileeast of Sulphur
Spring Canvon, in sec. 25, T. 22 S., R. 15 E. Basal conglomerate of T^n.

4616. Eight miles due north of Coalinga, one-half mile east of Oil Canyon road, and just north of Laval
grade, near center of SE. \ sec. 20, T. 19 S.,. R. 15 E. Siliceous shale in upper portion of Tejon.

4617. On southwest flank of Reef Ridge north of McLure Valley, 2^ miles south-southeast of El Cerrito
oil well, in sec. 27, T. 23 S., R. 17 E.

4619. Fifteen miles north of Coalinga, southwest of Domengine's ranch.

4620. Coal mine 4^ miles northwest of Coalinga, about 1 mile north of San Joaquin mine, SW. \ NE. \
sec. 22, T. 20 S., R. 14 E. In very gypsiferous variable sand and clay overlying coal seams, 200 to 300 feet
above base of formation.

4621. About 5^ miles northwest of Coalinga on point of hills (elevation 1,100 feet) south of mouth of Los
Gatos Creek, in center of NE. \ sec. 15, T. 20 S., K. 14 E. In hard calcareous sandstone bed about 150 feet
above contact with concretionary sandstone mapped as Cretaceous.

4622. Four miles west-northwest of Coalinga, on top of hill north of road and one-half mile south of San
Joaquin Valley coal mine, west of center of SW. \ sec. 26, T. 22 S., R. 14 E. Prominent sandstone bed
about 150 feet above concretionary sandstone mapped as Cretaceous.

4801. Three miles northwest of Coalinga, at San Joaquin Valley coal mine, in NW. \ sec. 26, T. 20 S.,
R. 14 E.

5013. Eight miles northwest of Coalinga, in white siliceous shale at top of Tejon formation east of center
of sec. 25, T. 19 S., R. 14 E.

5014. About 13 miles north of CoaUnga, on east side of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., In dark-colored shale
just imder Miocene oil sand.

To the above list of species should be added the following, among
others collected by F. M. Anderson^ in the same region:

FORAMINIPERA.

Cyclamminasp.
Lagena? sp.
Nodosaria sp.
Polymorphina sp.
Pulvulina sp.
Sagrina sp.
Vaginulina sp.

ANTHOZOA.

Ellipsosmilia granulifera Gabb (4).
Trochocyathus striatus Gabb -f Trochos-
milia id. (4).

BRACHIOPODA.

Terebratella sp. (2),

PELECYPODA.

Gari texta? Gabb (4).
Modiola omata Gabb (3).

GASTEROPODA.

Gancellaria elongata Gabb (1).
Architectonica homii Gabb (1).
Fusus diaboli Gabb (1).
Fusus martinez Gabb (1, 3).
Mono tuberculatus Gabb (4).
Neverita globosa Gabb (1, 3).

oProc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser.. Geology, vol. 2, No. 2, 1905, pp. 164-166.

TEJON FOBMATION. 15

LOCALITIES.

1. Region southeast of Big Tar Canyon.

2. Conglomerate and coarse sandstone near base of Eocene at San Joaquin coal mine
and northward to Los Gatos Creek.

3. Sandy beds associated with the carbonaceous strata above 2.

4. North of Los Gatos Creek.

Faunal relations and age. — ^With the exception of the new Eocene
species described in this paper, certain species described by J. G.
Cooper and F. M. Anderson from this region, and a few forms that
occur in the Martinez or lower Eocene, the fauna of the Eocene of the
Coalinga district consists of species heretofore known only fropa
Tejon localities.

The new forms discovered by F. M. Anderson and the writer have so
far escaped observation in other localities, but some of them, at least,
may eventually be found elsewhere. The species occurring in the
Coalinga district and also found at the type locality of the Martinez «
are as follows:

Cardium cooperi Gabb.
Cylichna costata Gabb.
Dentalium cooperi Gabb.
Leda gabbi Conrad.
Lunatia hornii Gabb.

Morio tuberculatus Gabb.
Tellina hornii Gabb.
Turritella pachecoensis Stanton.
Venericardia planicosta Lamarck (V.
hornii Gabb).

According to Merriam" Cardium cooperi is common jn the Martinez
and rarer in the Tejon; Cylichna costata is rare in the Martinez and
common in the Tejon; Dentalium cooperi is common in the Chico
(Cretaceous), Martinez, and Tejon; Leda gdbhi is common in both the
Martinez and Tejon; Lunatia hornii is rare in the Martinez and com-
mon in the Tejon; the occurrence of Morio tuberculatus is question-
able in the Martinez; Tellina hornii is common in both the Martinez
and Tejon; and Venericardia planicosta is common throughout the
Martinez and Tejon and all through the Eocene for that matter. The
Turritella pachecoensis from the Coalinga district is much smaller than
the typical form from the Martinez. Pecten peckhami Gabb extends
to the Miocene or even higher.

Of a total fauna of 52 recognizable species, in the Tejon of the
Coalinga district, 10 are species so far known only from the district,
1 has heretofore been known only in the Martinez ; 8 are found both
in the Martinez and the Tejon (but all except 1 are species of which
the individuals are as common or commoner in the latter than in
the former) ; and 33 are known almost exclusively in the Tejon. It
is obvious, therefore, that the bulk of the Eocene in the Coalinga
district is of Tejon age, which probably represents a part of the
middle Eocene. There is also evidence favoring the correlation of
the fauna with the Jackson formation of Mississippi.

The faunas of all of the localities in the Tejon in the Coalinga
district, with the exception of those found associated with the car-
bonaceous beds west of Coalinga, indicate a marine origin for the

a Merriam, J. C, Jour. Geology, vol. 5, 1807, p. 773.

16 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

deposits. The fauna of the carbonaceous beds (locality 4801, etc.),
indicate brackish water at this locality during a part of the Tejon.
This agrees with evidence from other parts of the west coast where
the middle Eocene is characterized by brackish and even fresh water
deposits, usually containing more or less coal. The brackish water
deposits in the Coalinga district are characterized by such species
as Barbatia morsei Gabb, Pldcunanomia inomata Gabb, Ostrea aviculir-
formis Anderson, and Potamides carhonicola Cooper.

The molluscan fauna of the white diatomaceous and foraminiferal
shale at the top of the Tejon in the Coalinga district consists of
Pecten interradiatus Gabb, Pecten pecJchami Gabb, and Leda gdbbi
Conrad. Leda gahbi is a common Tejon species, while Pecten pecJc-
hami is so far known elsewhere only in the Oligocene, Miocene, and
possibly Pliocene. Pecten interradiatus is known elsewhere only in
shales occupying a similar stratigraphic position to the shales in
which it occurs in the Coalinga district. The stratigraphic evidence
is in favor of the diatomaceous shales being a part of the Tejon.
The faunal evidence is about equally divided; therefore, it seems
most ^logical that the rocks in question be assigned to the Tejon, at
* least until the securing of further and more definite evidence."

VAQUEROS FORMATION (LOWER MIOCENE).

Distribution and character, — ^The unconformity at the top of the
Tejon (Eocene) marks an important lapse of time before the begin-
ning of the Miocene epoch. In the early Miocene there was deposited
in the Coalinga district a sedimentary formation that is the correla-
tive of the formation known as the Vaqueros sandstone in the region
nearer the coast.

The Vaqueros sandstone in the area under discussion forms an
elongated belt east of the belt of Tejon in the hills bordering the
San Joaquin Valley. It consists of hard and soft sandstone, shale,
and conglomerate, varying from 550 feet in the Coalinga field to
900 feet in the Kreyenhagen field, and may be easily distinguished
from all other formations by the protruding tendency of the hard
sandstone, known as the '^reef beds," in its central portion. These
beds outcrop prominently in the northern portion of the district,
and in the southern portion, in the bold face of Reef Ridge, assume
such prominence as to dominate the landscape. They are much
more resistant to erosion than the soft associated beds, and, dipping
toward the valley on the northeast at angles varying from 50° to 80°
they form the scarp and double row of pinnacles with which
Reef Ridge fronts the foothills.

An important distinguishing feature of the Vaqueros is that the
beds at its base are the chief oil sands of the Coalinga district. In
many places they are saturated and discolored with petroleum.
They rest upon the eroded surface of the shale of the Tejon through-

a S^e also Anderson, F. M., Proc. Califomia Acad. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 3, 1908; p. 10,

VAQUEROS FOBMATION.

out most of their extent, but overlap in the Alcalde and Jacalitos
hills upon the Kjioxville-Chico (Cretaceous) rocks, thus hiding the
Tejon (Eocene) from view. Where such overlapping occurs, the basal
beds lose their petroliferous character at a distance from the Tejon.
Fossils, — ^Throughout the Coalinga district the Vaqueros sandstone
is usually fossiliferous at one horizon or another, and yields a fauna
of many species, sometimes in a fairly good state of preservation.
The following species have been found by Robert Anderson and the
writer in or immediately adjacent to the Coalinga district:

List of Vaqueros {lower Miocene) fossila from the Coalinga district.

Name.

PELECYPODA.

* Area oblspoana Conrad

Arcaosmonti Dall

Cardlum vaquerosensis Arnold

Chione conradiana F. M. Anderson

Chione temblorensis F. M. Anderson

Corbieula dumblei F. M. Anderson

Dosinia mathewsonii Gabb

Dosinjia i)onderosa Gray

Macoma aff. secta Conrad

Maeoma pierce! n. sp

Metis afl. alta Conrad

MuUnia densata Conrad

Mulinla densata Conrad var. minor n. var

•Ttfytilus mathewsonl Gabb var. expansus Arnold.
^ Ostrea titan Conrad

Pecten andersoni Arnold

Pecten crassicardo Conrad

Pecten estrellanus? Conrad

Pecten miguelensis Arnold

Phacoides acutilineatus Conrad

Phacoides (Miltha) sanctsecrucls n. sp

Saxidomus vaquerosensis n. sp

Septlfer coalingensls n. sp

Tlvela inezana? Conrad

Venus x)ertenuis Gabb

Yoldla impressa Conrad

^Zirphsea dentata Gabb

X
X

X
X
X

Name.

■^

•

n
^

•

■^

PELECYPODA.

Area obisnoana Conrad

Area osmonti Dall

Cardium vaauerosensis Arnold

Chione conradiana F. M. Anderson

Chione temblorensis F. M. Anderson

Corbieula dumblei F. M . Anderson

Dosinia mathewsonii Gabb

Dosinia Donderosa Gray

Macoma afif . secta Conrad

Macoma niercei n. so

Metis aff. alta Conr»i

Mulinla densata Conrad

Mulinla densata Conrad var. minor n. var

Mytilus mathewsonl Gabb var. expansus Arnold . .

X
X
X

Ostrea titan Conrad

X
X
X

Pecten andersoni Arnold

....jX

Pecten crassicardo Conrad 1

Pecten estrellanus? Conrad I - '

■

Pecten mitnielensis Arnold ' x

;

Phacoides acutilineatus Conrad '

"■"■("••"

Phacoides (Miltha) sanctsecrucis n. so '

Saxidomus vaquerosensis n. sp

Septlfer coalineensis Arnold \

Tivela inezana? Conrad

Venus pertenuis Gabb

Yoldia impressa Conrad

Zirphsea dentata Gabb

88866— Bull. 396—09-

PALEON^rOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

List of Vaqueros {lower Miocene) fossils from the Coalinga district — Continued.

Name.

•

ECHINODERMATA.

Scutella merriami F. M. Anderson

*
X

GASTEROPODA.

Aeasoma kemlanum Coooer

X
X
X
X
X
X

Agasoma santacruzana Arnold

Bathytoma piercei n. sp

• T " •

■

Cancellaria vetusta Gabb

Cancellaria andersoni n. so

Conus owenianus F. M. Anderson

•■■■•I"**

Conus hayesl n. sp

....l....

CreDidula so

Ficus pyriformis Qabb

"••[---'

Neverita callosa Gabb

X
X

Ocinebra topangensis Arnold

Trochlta filosa Gabb

Trochlta sp. indet

X
X

Trophon (Forreria) bartonl n. sp

X
X

Trophon (Forreria) gabbianum F. M. An-
derson

Trophon (Forreria) gabbianum F. M. An-
derson var. cancelliarioides n. var

Turritella ocovana Conrad

Xylotrya sp. a

....!----

X
X

CIKBIPEDIA.

Balanus sp .,-,.._.

CRUSTACEA.

B ranch iolambrus altus Rathbun

4624. TurriteUa bed, or lower one of "reef beds/' in Garza Creek gorge through Reef Ridge, southwest
comer of SE. i sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 16 E.

4625. Sulphur Spring Canyon, in "reef beds," in sec. 23, T. 22 S., R. 15 E.

4627. " Reef beds" just west of Big Tar Canyon, in north part of sec. 18, T. 23 8., R. 16 E.

4628. Oil sand series, in west fork of canyon west of well 3 miles southwest of Coalinga, in sec. 12, T. 21
S., R. 14 E.

^^629. Anticline Canyon, about 3 miles southwest of Coalinga, In roughly bedded gypsiferous sand over-
lying fosslliferous Chico, in center of sec. 2, T. 21 S., R. 14 E.
4631. Turritella bed on east flank of high hill northeast of Oil City, In SE. \ NE. { sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.

4633. TurriteUa bed about 11 miles north-northeast of Coalinga, below Big Blue, on ridge in sec. 10,
T. 19 S., R. 15 E.

4634. Hill south of well about 3 miles southwest of Coalinga, In sec. 12, T. 21 S., R. 14 E.

4635. Bed just below Big Blue li miles northeast of Oil City, near SE. i SE. i sec. 16, T. 19 S., R . 15 E.
4637. Six miles northwest of Coalinga, about 500 feet south of contact of Tejon and Miocene, in center of

NE. i sec. 2, T. 20 S., R. 14 E.

4655. About 3| miles due west of Coalinga. From prominent sandstone bed about 100 feet stratigraph-
icsJly above contact of concretionary sandstone (Chico) beds with Vaqueros.

4667. "Reef beds," on Reef Ridge about 1^ miles east of Jasper Canyon, one-half mile west of 2,710-foot
hill, 5^ miles south-southwest of Alcalde, in east central part of sec. 18, T. 22 S., R. 15 E., 125 feet above
Cretaceous.

4764. Stone Canyon coal mine, Monterey County, Cal., 40 feet stratigraphically above the coal.

4770. Turritella ocoyana bed in Canoas Canyon, 1^ miles southwest of Hugo Kreyenhagen's NE. i SE. \
sec. 32, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.

4771. Pecten andersoni bed in Canoas Canyon, 200 feet stratigraphically above 4770.

4772. Scutella merriami bed ("button beds") in Canoas Canyon, 600 feet stratigraphically above 4770.

4773. On Laval grade, 8i miles north of Coalinga, in "oyster bed" of variable sand, just above oil sand
at base of Vaqueros.

4774. On hill just east of Laval grade, 8^ miles north of Coalinga, in " button bed" about 100 feet strati-
graphically above 4773; NW. J sec. 21, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.

4775. Garza Creek gorge in Keef Ridge, in hard sandstone "button bed" 225 feet stratigraphically above
4624, in southeast comer of sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 16 E.

4777. Jasper Canyon through Reef Ridge, 1} miles southwest of fork of Jaoalitos Creek, in hard sandstone
and conglomerate "reef beds."

4803. On Laval grade, 8^ miles north of Coalinga, in "button bed" 200± feet above Eocene unconformity,
in SW. i, sec. 21, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. (Practicallv same as 4774.)

4859. Wagon wheel Mountain, Devils Ben Diistrict, Kern County, Cal., dark gypsum-bearing shale 50
feet stratigraphically below "reef" or "button bed," NW. J sec. 36, T. 25 S., R. 18 E.

4860. Same locality as 4859, in hard sandstone "reef" or "button bed."

4861. Devils Den District, Kern County, Cal., in "reef beds," i mile south and southeast of Barton's
cabin, which is in the NW. i sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 18 E.

To this list should be added the following species, among others,
collected by F. M. Anderson ° from the Vaqueros in the Coalinga
district: Gasteropoda, Agasoma gravida Gabb, Crepidula prserupta

a Proc. Califomia Acad. Sci., 3d ser.. Geology, vol. 2, No. 2, 1905, pp. 171-172.

■i

VAQUEROS FORMATION. 19

Conrad, Hemifusus wilkesana F. M. Anderson (may possibly be same
as Odnehra topangensis Arnold).

Faunal relatioThs and age. — ^Three distinct fossiliferous horizons
are recognizable in the Vaqueros section north of CoaUnga. The
lower one is but a short distance above the base of the formation
and is represented entirely by Ostrea titan Conrad (locality 4773).
The middle horizon, that of the "reef beds," is about 200 feet above
the base and is characterized by Pecten andersoni Arnold, Area
osmonti Dall, and ScuteUa merriami F. M. Anderson (locaUties 4774 and
4803). The upper horizon, which lies at the top of the Vaqueros and
just below the Big Blue sandy shale, is characterized by a unique
faima, in which occur such forms as Agasorrva santaeruzana Arnold,
CaneeUaria vetusta Gabb, and TurriteUa odtyyana Conrad. The
fauna at locality 4631 is characteristic of the last horizon.

In the Coalinga district the correlation of the sandstone formation
of which the ''reef beds'* are a part, with the Vaqueros formation of
the outer Coast Ranges, is based on the large number of species com-
mon to the two. At one point in particular on the northeastern
flank of the Temblor Range, near Antelope Valley, in sec. 36, T. 26 S.,
R. 17 E., a few miles south of the south line of the district, the ''reef
beds'' contain a typical Vaqueros faima with such forms d^Peeten
nuignolia Conrad, TurriteUa inezana Conrad, Pecten howersi Arnold,
and many other typical Vaqueros species. The region from which
this fauna comes is beUeved by the writer to mark an old lower
Miocene strait joining the water of the San Joaquin lower Miocene
sea with the lower Miocene sea which once covered much of the terri-
tory now occupied by the outer Coast Ranges.

F. M. Anderson* gave the name "Temblor beds'' to the lower
Miocene in the northeast side of the Coast Ranges, from the Temblor
Ranch north to Coalinga, but has since* recognized the correlation
of these beds with those of the Vaqueros (lower Miocene) of the
outer Coast Ranges.

The Vaqueros faima that is characterized particularly by TurriteUa
ocoyana Conrad is best developed in the San Joaquin Valley*' and
in the region of the Santa Monica^ and Santa Ana ranges of south-
ern California. The Vaqueros fauna that is characterized by Turri-
teUa inezana Conrad is best developed in the Santa Cruz,« Santa
Lucia -^ and Santa Ynez^ mountains.

The assignment of a lower Miocene age to the Vaqueros formation
is based on the general similarity of certain members of its fauna to

a Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 170. -

& Proc. California Acad. Sci., 4th ser., vol. 3, p. 39.

c Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 188, lists of Vaqueros fossils
from Kern River.

d Arnold, Ralph, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, pp. 525-626.

e Haehl, H. L., and Arnold, Ralph, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., vol. 43, 1904, p. 20; Arnold, Ralph, Proc,
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, 1908, p. 350.

/ Hamlin, Homer, Water-Supply Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 89, 1904, p. 14.

g Arnold, Ralph, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 50, pt. 4, p. 421.

20 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

species in the lower Miocene of the Atlantic States and on its rela-
tive position in the geologic column of the Pacific coast. This cor-
relation, first made by Conrad, has, so far as the writer is aware,
never been questioned.

SANTA MARGARITA (?) FORMATION (UPPER llflPBPn MIOCENE).

General description. — A zone of beds full of very large fossil oysters
and barnacles runs through the midst of the developed oil territory
in the Eastside Coalinga oil field and is well known to those familiar
with the region. Its fossils show that it belongs in the same portion
of the geologic column as the Santa Margarita formation" in San
Luis Obispo County, nearer the coast. This formation belongs in the
upper part of the middle Miocene. No fossils have been found in the
beds immediately below or above the Tamiosoma zone (as the fossil
beds referred to may be termed from the typical occurrence in them
of the large barnacle of that genus); but these beds, for a thickness
of several hundred feet, are mapped in the same formation with the
fossil beds, because they are closely associated with them and to all
appearances form a part of the same succession.

The beds 'carrying Santa Margarita fossils are traceable only as far
south as the San Joaquin coal mine. Beyond that the beds are either
lacking or are unfossiliferous, so that it can not positively be stated
that they are the same. In a region such as this, where the beds are so
variable from place to place and the different formations are so similar,
the fossils furnish the only evidence of contemporaneity that holds good.
In the Kreyenhagen field, therefore, where the portion of the succes-
sion between the Vaqueros (lower Miocene) and JacaUtos (upper Mio-
cene), corresponding to the portion occupied by beds carrying Santa
Margarita fossils farther north, is made up of unfossihferous, hard,
largely white, siUceous shales, it can not be stated definitely whether or
not these beds belong to the same formation. The break in the
geologic column between the Vaqueros (lower Miocene) and JacaUtos
(upper Miocene) is great, covering the whole of middle Miocene time,
and is represented only in its later part by the Tamiosoma zone and
associated beds. The Monterey formation (early middle Miocene) of
the region nearer the coast is lacking. It is possible that the beds
overlying the Vaqueros in the two parts of the Coalinga district
represent different divisions of the later part of the middle Miocene
period, that in the Kreyenhagen HiUs being perhaps the younger.

The Santa Margarita(?) formation in the region 9 miles north of
CoaUnga is about 900 feet thick, consisting of 300 feet of soft fine
sand and clay at the base called the Big Blue, above this 175 feet
of fossiUf erous sand of varying consistency called the Tamiosoma zone,
and still farther up 400 or 500 feet of alternating beds of sand and

^ _^ •__ __^

aFalrbanks, II. W., Gcol. Atlas U. S., San Luis folio (No. 101), U. S. Geol. Survey, 1904.

SANTA MARGARITA FORMATION.

gravelly sand. In the region of Keef Ridge the Santa Margarita(?)
(beUeved to be a somewhat higher portion than that just described)
consists of 400 feet of fairly hard purpUsh shale at the base, 250 feet
of hard siliceous thinly bedded shale in the middle, and 400 feet of
brownish shale and intercalated sands at the top.

Fossils. — The Santa Margarita(?) formation, from a point 8 or 9
miles north of Coalinga northwestward for a distance of at least 6 or
8 miles, is exceedingly fossiliferous, the principal species being the big
oyster Ostrea titan Conrad, the big barnacle-like Tamiosoma gregaria
Conrad, and the scallop shell Pecten estrellanus Conrad. The names
Tamiosoma zone and ''big oyster beds'' have been locally applied
to these fossiliferous strata. Among the species found in this bed by
James H. Pierce, Robert Anderson, and the writer are the following,
which comprise the fauna for this formation in the district.

List of Santa Margarita {upper middle Miocene) fossils from the Coalinga district.

Name.

4632.

4651.

4766.

4805.

4841.

4842.

4848.

ECUINODERMATA.

AstTodapsis whitneyl R^ond

PELECYPODA.

ChioTifl coTiradiana F. M- Anderson

•

r.iypt^Tnya ovaHs ? noni^wl

X
X

Dosinia ponderosa Gray.*.

TTinnitAs gigatiteiia Oray ,

X
X
X

Macoma naiuta Conrad'.

X •
X

Ostrea titan Conrad

X
X
X

Pecten crassicardo Conrad

Pecten estrellanus Conrad

Solen stearins Gould

X
X

Zirphiea dentata Gabb

GASTEROPODA.

Trophon (Forreria) carisaensls F. M. Anderson

X
X

CIBBIPEDIA.

Tamiosoma gregaria Conrad

4632. At and northwest of San Joaquin Valley coal mine near Miocene-Eocene contact.

4651. Tamiosoma zone or "big oyster bed" In canyon between old Standard Oil Company and Califomia
Oilfields Limited camps, sec. 28, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., 8 miles north-northeast of Coalinga.

4766. Tamiosoma zone or "big oyster bed" above Big Blue, NE. i sec. 21, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., west of
Peerless Oil property, 9 miles north of Coalinga.

4805. Waltham Valley, 13 miles southwest of Coalinga; 03rster bed 2 miles west of Elmer Frame's house;
sandstone under shale.

4841 . Sandstone next to serpentine, at head of Bray and Secords canyon, 3 miles south of Waltham
Valley. ' ' .

4842. Sandstone at mouth of Bray and Secords Canyon, south side of Waltham Valley, 15 miles west of
Coalinga. This sandstone underlies the shale in this vicinity.

4848. Nine miles north-northeast of Coalinga, just above Tamiosoma zone or "big oyster bed, " one-fourth
mile northwest of Peerless wells.

FauTial relations and age, — The faima of these beds, though small^
is one of the most characteristic in the southern Coast Ranges.
The association and abundance of certain unique species, such as
Tamiosoma gregaria Conrad, TropJion (Forreria) carisaensis F. M.
Anderson, and Pecten estrellanus Conrad, suggest correlation with
the Santa Margarita formation of the SaUnas Valley and Carrizo
Plain. The correlation of the siliceous shale in Reef Ridge with the
Santa Margarita is based upon the similar stratigraphic position of

22 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

these shales to beds on the west side of Waltham Valley, near the
mouth of Bray and Secords Canyon, which overlie sandstones at
locality 4842, containing the following Santa Margarita faiina:

Pecten estrellanua Conrad.

Mytilus a£f. mathewsonii Grabb.
Ostrea titan Conrad.
Pecten crassicardo Conrad.

Tamioeoma gregaria Conrad.
Trophon (Forreria) carisaensis F. M. Ander-
son.

For a number of years the Santa Margarita formation was believed
to be the equivalent of the San Pablo formation of the Moimt Diablo
region, but the stratigraphic work in the Coalinga district has shown
it to be older. It is quite evident that the Etchegoin formation rep-
resents at least a considerable part of the San Pablo, and as the
Etchegoin hes well above the beds containing the Santa Margarita
fossils it seems Ukely that the Santa Margarita formation is, in part,
of greater age than the San Pablo.

With the Etchegoin and JacaUtos formations classified as upper
Miocene it seems most logical to place the Santa Margarita in the upper
part of the middle Miocene, thus confining the Monterey to the
lower part of the middle Miocene. Such an arrangement would con-
sign the far-reaching post-Monterey diastrophic period to the middle
of the Miocene. This classification and correlation is of course more
or less arbitrary and necessarily tentative, but it seems to best fit the
information now in hand.

JACALITOS FORMATION (EARLY UPPER MIOCBNR) .

At most localities along thte flanks of the Diablo and Temblor ranges
south of the Coalinga district it is impossible to separate the post-Santa
Margarita (?) Tertiary formations, and to these beds — the equivalent
of the Jacalitos, Etchegoin, and possibly Tulare formations of the
Coalinga district — the name McKittrick formation ^ has been given
in the McKittrick district. This name was chosen because of the
importance of the beds in that district, the basal members yielding
the petroleum found in the productive McKittrick field.

General description. — The formation overlying the Santa Marga-
rita(?) in the Kreyenhagen Hills, which consists of about 3,600 feet of
sand, gravel, clay, and sandstone, in places very fossiliferous, was
formed in earlier upper Miocene time. It has been named the
Jacalitos formation, owiag to its characteristic exposures both north
and south of the creek of that name. Abimdant and well-preserved
fossils, by means of which its age is determined, occur in the type
locality. It is probably the equivalent of parts of one or more of
the upper Miocene formations known in other parts of the State, but
its definite relations to these have not yet been worked out. It is in
part represented in the northern portion of the district by similar
beds aggregating a much smaller thickness.

a Arnold, Ralph, and Johnson, H. R., Preliminary report on the McKlttrick-Sunset oil region, Cali-
romla: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 406 (in press).

JACALITOS FOKMATION. " 23

In the field this formation does not stand out prominently as a
hthologic or stratigraphic unit and is not rea(fily distinguishable by
itself. On the contrary, it forms merely a portion of the great thick-
ness of apparently conformable Tertiary beds that are exposed in the
great monocline, dipping at medium and high angles toward the
valley. The formation may be roughly distinguished as that portion
of the series between the shale of the Santa Margarita (?) below and
the major beds of blue sand that characterize the lower part of the /
formation above it (the Etchegoin) throughout the district. The
JacaUtos, however, includes a great thickness of blue sand beds at
its simunit in the southeastern part of the Kreyenhagen Hills. A
feature of this f 9rmation is the occurrence in it at intervals of hard
zones that project like saw teeth and by their resistance protect the
beds immediately above and below them, thus forming long pairallel
ridges. The same featm*e is in a greater measure characteristic of
the Vaqueros sandstone and Santa Margarita (?) formation below and
less so of the Etchegoin (uppermost Miocene) formation above.
Another feature of the JacaUtos is the great number of sand and
pebble beds, full of sea urchins, that are found in all parts of the
formation. This feature is likewise one belonging to the formation
above. The most important features, however, and the only ones
that can be rehed on to separate the Jacalitos from the other sandy
formations, are its stratigraphic position and its fossils.

The JacaUtos in the Kreyenhagen Hills is probably unconformable
with the Santa Margarita (?) below, although the two formations appear
conformable at the contact, and the line between them is arbitrarily
drawn where the beds that are predominantly shale (Santa Margarita?)
give place to beds that are sandy (JacaUtos). In the northern part
of the district the relation of these two formations appears also to
be one of conformity, although the overlap of the Jacalitos on the '"
Vaqueros near Oil Canyon indicates that it is the opposite. The
line there also is drawn arbitrarily at the base of the prominent
pebble zone full of fossil wood. The Jacalitos is likewise con- ^
formable to all appearances with the later Miocene (Etchegoin)
beds which rest above it and are largely similar to it in composition,
the line between these two formations being likewise drawn somewhat
arbitrarily, chiefly on the basis of the fossil contents. There is a
possibility that an unconformity between these two formations ^
exists in the hills surroxmding Pleasant Valley.

From its locality of typical occurrence in the Kreyenhagen and
JacaUtos hills the Jacalitos formation extends southwestward into
McLm*e Valley, where it occupies a similar position between the under-
lying Santa Margarita (?) and the overlying Etchegoin sands. Toward
the northwest it reaches into the interior of the Diablo Range through
the depression formed by the Waltham syncUne and toward the
north it extends across Alcalde Canyon into the region aroimd Pleas-

PALEONTOLOGY OF COALIKOA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

ant Valley. North of Jacalitos Creek it no longer rests upon the shale
of the Santa Margarita (?), that formation being lacking^ and the
Jacalitos ceases to be completely represented. The relations of the
beds of this age in the northern and southern portions of the district
are complex and can be deciphered only on the basis of detailed
paleontologic evidence. The formation will be considered separately
for the areas lying to the south and to the north of Waltham Creek.

Although the major part of the Jacalitos formation is known by
its fossils to be of marine origin, the evidence offered by the fossiUzed
wood and extinct horse teeth and bones found abundantly in certain
of the conglomeratic layers leads to the conclusion that at least some
of the beds are probably of terrestrial or fluviatile origin.

During the past summer H. R. Johnson and the writer discovered
a characteristic Jacalitos fauna in soft sandstones exposed in the
low hills in sec. 34, T. 31 S., R. 21 E., 1 mile south of Whitens, at the
northwest end of the Elkhom Plain, eastern San Luis Obispo County.
This region is about 75 miles southeast of the type locality, thus
•showing that the Jacalitos has at least fairly widespread distribution.

Fo8»il8, — Like the Etchegoin, which lies above it and with which it
is closely allied, the Jacalitos is fossiliferous in many localities in the
Coalinga district and vicinity, especially in the Waltham Valley, 13
miles southwest of Coalinga. Li the upper part of the formation
the fossils are usually in a very good state of preservation; in the
lower part the original shell has usually been leached out and replaced
by other material and some of the fossils are simply casts.

The following species have been found in the Jacalitos formation
in the Coalinga district or in the Waltham Valley:

List of Jacalitos (upper Miocene) fossils from the Coalinga district.

Name.

ECHINODERMATA.

Astrodapsis jacalitosensis n. sp. .
Echinarachnius gibbsii R4mond

PELECYPODA.

' Area trilineata Conrad

Cardium meekianum Gabb

Cardium sp. a

Cardium sp

Chione securis Shumard

Chione sp. Indet

Cryptomya ovalis?Conrad

Diplodonta harfordi? F. M. Anderson

Diplodonta parills Conrad

Diplodonta sp. indet t X

Dosinia Jacalltosana n. sp I

Glycymeris sp. Indet X

Macoma secta Conrad '

Macoma jacalitosana n. sp

Macoma vanvlecki n. sp

Macoma sp. a

Metis alta? Conrad K...

Metis sp

l^onia macroschisma Deshayes

Mullnia densata Conrad

Mytilus (Mytiloconcha) coalingensis n. sp

Ostrea atwoodi Gabb

Panopea generosa Gould

«c

jACALtT6S FORMATIOli.

lAat of JacaliioB {upper Miocene) fomls from the Coalinga district — Continued.

Name.

■*

•*

_J»

'S'

•

•^

PELECTPODA— continued.
Panop<^ fistrellana Honrad . .

t Paph
Paph
Paph
Pecte
Pecte
^Pecte
MSaxld
Schi2<
Schiz(
Tpllir
Thrat
Zirph

Chryfi

Chrys

Crepi

'- Luna

Margi

Meloi

t^eve:

Nevei

Thais

^ Thais

V Tropl

Balai
Tami

Fish

Plioh

a stalevi? Gabb i + Taoes id.)

la ianalit^*v>TiRlfi n. sp -.-•.--

ia aff . trenprriTTia Carnenter. ,

Q estrellanus Conrad.

X
X

Q crassicardo Conrad

D owenl Arnold

omus nuttalli Conrad

odesma abscissa Gabb '.

)thfl?ms naiaroanus Conrad

a araconia Dall. . . - ^ . , - , .

da iacalitosensis n. sd

sea dentata Gabb

GASTEBOPODA.

lodomus ImDeriftlis Pall. ...

jodomus portolaenals A mold , , ,

dula nrincens Conrad

tia lewisii ? Gould

iritA john-sonl n. sp, . . , ^ ^ . ,

ifir(^na sp. n. r , , - .

rfta rpciuiiana P<>tit. ..--,..

rita sp

crispatus Cheronitz

ketfiemanensis n. sn

ion (Forreria) ponderosum Gabb

* • a •

CIBRIPEDIA.
LUS sp

osoma ereearia? Conrad ..'

PISCES.

vertebrae

MAMMALIA.

iPDUs SP. a

"1'*'**^ i' • •"•••"■•■■•■•-•••-■■•■•

Name.

ECHINODERMATA.

Astrodapsis jacalitosensis n. sp . .
Echinarachnius gibbsii R^mond.

• PELECTPODA.

Area trllineata Conrad

Cardium meeklanum Gabb

Cardium sp.o

Cardium sp

Chione securis Shumard

Chione sp. indet

Cryptomya ovalls? Conrad

Dlplodonta harfordi ? F. M. Anderson

Diplodonta parilis Conrad

Dlplodonta sp. Indet

Dosinla jacalitosana n. sp

Glye3rmeris sp. Indet

Hacoma secta Conrad

Macoma jacalitosana n. sp

Macoma vanvleckl n. sp

Macoma sp . o

Metis alta r Conrad

Metis sp

^^^onla macroschisma Deshayes

Mulinia densata C-onrad

MytUus (MytUoconcha) coalingensis n. sp

Ostrea atwoodi Gabb

Panopea generosa Gould

Panopea estrellana Conrad

Paphia staleyi? Gabb (+ Tapes id.)

Paphia jacalitosensis n. sp

Paphia afF. tenerrima Carpenter I . . .

Pecten estrellanus Conrad , X

Pecten crassicardo Conrad

Pecten owenl Arnold i. . .

Saxidomus nuttalli Conrad

M I CO

$
s

X
X

•<»<

X
X
X

1»

: X

X
X

X
X
X

PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIPOBNU.

List ofJacalitoa (upper Miocene) fossils from the Coalinga district — Continued.

Name.

•

_ •

47450.

t^
^

4747.

4766.

4767.

PELECYPODA— continued.
Schizodesma abscissa Gabb

Schizothserus pajaroanus Conrad

. 1

Tellina araeonia Dall

Thracia jacalitosensis n. sp

Zirphsea dentata Gabb

GASTEROPODA.

Chrysodomus iniDerialis Dall

X
X

Chivsodomus Dortolaensis Arnold

::::i::::

Crepidula princeos Conrad

X
X

Lunatia lewisii? Gould

Man:flrita jobnsoni n. sp

Melongena sp. a

Neverita recluziana Petit

Neventa sp

Thais crispatus Chemnitz

X
X

Thais kettlemanensis n. sp

X
X

Trophon ( Forreria) ponderosum Gabb

X
X

CUCRIPEDIA.

Balanus sp

X
?

Tamlosoma gregaria ? fV)nrad . ,

PISCES.

Fish vertebraj

HAMMAUA.

Pliohippus sp. a

* 4636. Hill 4 miles N. 85* W. of Coalinga, not far from contact with concretionary sandstone beds mapped
as Cretaceous (Chico); on west side of sec. 35, T. 20 S., R. 14 E. Lower beds.

4638. Three hundred feet east of nose of 1,300-foot ridge, three-foiuths mile southeast of Alcalde; in center
of sec. 24, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. Olive-gray gypsiferous sand overlying white shale bed, about 700 or 800 feet
stratigraphically below top of the JacaUtos formation as mapped. Upper beds.

4639. About 2 miles south of Alcalde on south side of 1,548-foot hill; in sand immediately above and below
white shale bed; in sec. 25, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. Same horizon as 4638, upper beds.

4640. Near Commercial Petroleum well, 3 miles southwest of Coalinga. Upper beds.

4642. About 20 miles south of Coalinga, in Kreyenhagen Hills. Gray sana 500 feet southwest of top of
1,053-foot hUl, four-fifths mile southwest of El Cerrito oU well; in N W. i SW. isec. 15, T. 23 S., R. 17 E.
Peden estrellanus zone, or upper beds.

4644. Southeast base of 1,300-foot hill, on north side of Jacalitos Creek, just north of old adobe house two-
thirds mile above fork of Salt Creek, in center of south side of sec. 31, T. 21 S., R. 15 £.• Upper beds.

4645. One mile west of Garza Creek on top of ridge north of Clark's place, in N W. i NE. i sec. 3, T. 23 S. ,
R. 16 E.; ''big Trophon zone/' about 900 or 1,000 feet stratigraphically above shale of Santa Margarita (?)
formation. Lower beds.

4646. About 3 miles west of Coalinga, just north of Commercial Petroleum well No. 1 , in canyon. Upper
beds.

4647. On top of ridge between Salt Creek and JacaUtos Creek , about 5 miles south-southeast of Alcalde , at
elevation of 1,300 feet, on north line of sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 15 E., hard sandstone layer through pebbly olive-
gray sand. " Pecten estrellanus zone" about 700 to 800 feet stratigraphically below summit of formation.
One of the typical Jacalitos localities. Upper beds.

4649. West point of 1,308-foot ridge three-fourths mile southeast of Alcalde, SW. i NE. i sec. 24, T. 21 S.
R. 14 E. Middle beds.

4650. Lowest fossil bed on west face of 1,900-foot hill southeast of Alcalde. Middle beds.

4652. On point of ridge three-fourths mile south-southwest of Alcalde, one-fourth mile south of south bend
in road, SE. { sec. 23, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. Middle beds.

4653. Nearly 4 miles southwest of Coalinga, one-third mile south of Commercial Petroleum well at point
of hills on north side of Waltham Creek, just east of Anticline Canyon road, in very southwest comer of
sec. 7, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. Upper beds.

4654. On Jacalitos Creek, one-half mile above confluence with Jasper Canyon, on south side of sec. 1,
T. 22 S., R. 14 B. Lower beds.

4745. On ridge south of Garza Creek, 1 mile southeast of Clark's place, NE. i SW. i sec. 2, T. 23 S., R. 16
E.; "big Trophon zone" about 800 feet stratigraphically above shale of the Santa Margarita ( ?) formation.
TjQWTgj beds

4745a. "Big EcMnarachnius gihbsii zone" about 800 feet stratigraphically above 4745, in NW. i SE. i
sec. 2, T. 23 S., R. 16 E. Middle beds.

4746. Sixteen hundred feet stratigraphically above 4745 on ridge east of GarzaCreek,NE. J sec. 2, T.23 S.,
R. 16 E. Upper beds.

4747. Same localitv as 4746, 150 feet stratigraphically higher. *' Pecten estrellanus bed," or upper beds.
4763. Southwest of Coalinga district,on little ridge 200yards north of Stone Canyon- Waltham Creek road

where it crosses a little stream before resiching Waltham Valley from the west. Undifferentiated zone.

4765. "Big Trophon zone" onJasperCreek Just above fork of confluence with Jacalitos Creek, on west side
of center of SW. i sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 15 E. About 2,000 feet stratigraphically below summit of formation.
One of the typic«d Jacalitos localities. Lower beds.

4767. On southeast side of Canoas Creek, three-eighths mile above Hugo Kreyenhagen's house, in NW.i
SW. J sec. 27, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Pecten estrellanus zone, or upper beds. Abundance of beautifully pre-
served specimens.

4784. On Jacalitos Creek, about 7 miles south of Coalinga; shaly sandstone a few hundred feet strati-
graphically above "big Trophon zone" of 4765.

6015. Basal Jacalitos gravel bed, SE. i sec. 15, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., northeast of Octave oil wells.

JACALITOS FOBMATION. 27

Faunal zones. — ^Three fairly easily distinguishable fossiliferous zones
occur in the Jacalitos. The lowest one of these, sometimes called
the *^big TropJion zone/' is characterized by such forms as Trophon
(Forreria) ponderosum Gabb, Macoma vanvlecki n. sp., Panopea
estreUana Conrad, Dosinia jacalitosana n. sp., and Astrodapsis jacali-
tosensis n. sp. The fauna of this zone is typically developed at locality
4765. The same zone is also represented at localities 4636, 4645,
4654, 4745, 4763, 4765, and 5015.

The middle zone has a less well characterized fauna but usually
yields very large specimens of EchiriaracJinius gihhsii R6mond, and
Panopea generosa Gould, and Schizothaerus pajaroanus Conrad. It
is represented by locaKties 4646 (?), 4649, 4650, 4652, 4653 (?), and
4745a.

' The upper zone, or ^^Pecten estreUanus zone" as it is sometimes
referred to, is characterized by large specimens of Pecten estreUanus
Conrad, Pecten oweni Arnold, and large individuals of Echinxirachnius
gihhsii Esmond. The species common to this zone are beautifully
preserved at locality 4767. The zone is also represented at localities
4638, 4639, 4640, 4642, 4644, 4646, 4647, 4653, 4746, 4747, and 4767.

Faunal relations and age. — The fauna of the Jacalitos formation not
only contains a considerable number of unique species, but the asso-
ciation in it of species known elsewhere in other formations is pecuUar.

Species characteristic of or found more commonly in the Jacalitos,
in addition to the new species described from it in the present paper,
are Ohione securis Shumard, EcMnara^Jinius gihhsii Esmond, large
variety, Melongena sp, a, Schizodesma abscissa Gabb, Tellina aragonia
Dall, and TropJion (Forreria) ponderosum Gabb.

Species which are found in the Jacalitos and in the Santa Mar-
garita formation and which, it is believed, do not extend into the over-
lying Etchegoin, except possibly in rare instances, are Pecten estreUanus
Conrad, Pecten cra^sicardo Conrad, Tamiosoma gregaria? Conrad, and
ZirpJisea dentata Gabb.

Species which are common to the Jacalitos and the overlying Etche-
goin but which are not found in the Santa Margarita are Area tri-
lineata Conrad, Cardium meeJcianum Gabb, Oryptomya ovalisf Conrad,
Diphdonta Tiarfordi F. M. Anderson, Diplodonta parilis Conrad,
EcliinaracTinius gihhsii R6mond, CTirysodomus portolaensis Arnold,
Macoma s^cto Conrad, Monia nutcroschisma Deshayes, Mytilus (Myti-
loconcha) coalingensis n. sp., Ostrea atooodiv Gabb, Pecten oweni
Arnold, Schizotkserus pajaroanus Conrad, PapMa staleyi'i Gabb, and
PapJiia tenerrima Carpenter. .^^ , '. •

TJiais TcettlenmnenMS n. sp. should properly belong in the Ust of
those species unique to the Jacalitos, as it occurs in the Etchegoin
only at the type locality of the species (locaKty 4780, which is included
in the general locaUty 4779), on the axis of the CoaUnga anticline
and in beds below the lowest fossiKferous Etchegoin horizon. It is,
however, abundant toward the base of the JacaUtos.

28 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

The Jacalitos may be defined as a formation embracing about 3,600
feet of sand, gravel, clay, and sandstone, lying between the Santa
Margarita (?) below and the Etchegoin above, and containing in its
fauna among others at least 15 species which are unique, 4 which
are common to it and the Santa Margarita but do not extend up into
the Etchegoin, and 15 which are common to it and to the Etchegoin
but are not found in the Santa Margarita. In age the JacaUtos is
beUeved to belong to the lower part of the upper Miocene. It has
a known range of about 75 miles along the Diablo and Temblor
ranges, from CoaUnga to the Elkhom plain. Whether it will be
possible to recognize the fauna outside of this area is not known;
for the present it seems advisable to use the name only in a local
way, and in the general geologic column to place it tentatively as
an equivalent for the upper part of the Santa Margarita and the
lower part of the San Pablo.

ETCHEGOIN FORMATION ( UPPERMUS^ MIOCSNE).

General description. — The Etchegoin formation is the succession of
slightly consolidated beds of sand, gravel, and clay occurring on
the summit and flanks of AnticUne Ridge and on the southeast end
of Joaquin Ridge north of CoaUnga, above the base of the hill-form-
ing sandstone beds (referred to for convenience as the Glycymeris
zone), and below the beds described as the Tulare formation.
Strata in other portions of the CoaUnga district are referred to the
Etchegoin formation on the basis of paleontologic correlation with
the beds on AnticUne Ridge.

The Glycymeris zone is an extremely fossiUferous bed of somewhat
indurated sand that forms the summit of the hill at the northwest
end of AnticUne Ridge (in the NW. J SW. J sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.)
and extends continuously from that point along the Une mapped ^ as
the base of the Etchegoin formation. It is underlain at the locaUty
referred to by clay that is classed in the JacaUtos formation and is
overlain by a thick succession of bluish-gray sand beds interbedded
with dark-gray sand. The zone affords almost perfect specimens of
many species of fossils that make up a distinctive fauna. It is,
caUed the Glycymeris zone for ease of reference, because it is an
important datum Une that may be recognized by the association of
fossils contained in it.

- There are various reasons for assuming this zone to be the base of
the formation. First, an unconformity is known to occur below it
in the syncUnal basin north of White Creek, for there a zone containing
the same fauna rests directly upon Cretaceous (Chico) sandstone;
and somewhere between Oil Canyon and the Cretaceous area an
overlap of the Glycymeris zone upon the imderlying Cretaceous
beds must exist. It is therefore appropriate to consider the beds
above the base of the Glycymeris zone as a distinct formation,

oBull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 357, 1908, PI. I.

ETCHEGOIN FORMATION. 29

although on Anticline Ridge and in the greater portion of their extent
in the region north of Coalinga, as well as to the south as far as they
have been studied, they appear to rest conformably upon the beds
below. A further reason for assuming this zone as the base is that
it is at the bottom of a succession of bluish sand beds on AnticUne
Ridge and at some other places in the Coahnga district, thus marking
a sharp and easily recognizable variation in Uthology between the
beds below and above it. At other places, however, especially in the
southern portion of the Kreyenhagen Hills, the blue sands occur
also far below the Glycymeris zone, so that the hthologic feature
can not be reUed upon everywhere as a basis of separation.

In the description of the JacaUtos (early upper Miocene) frequent
reference has been made to the overlying Etchegoin (late upper
Miocene). In fact, these formations are so closely related and so
similar that the one can not well be described without reference to
the other. In places they seem to have originated as a chronologic-
ally continuous succession of marine deposits and are only arbi-
trarily separable, whereas in other places an overlap of the latter
upon the Cretaceous has taken place. Many of the features of struc-
ture, influence on topography, and hthologic variabihty mentioned
in connection with the former exist also in the latter.

The Etchegoin formation consists of shghtly consoUdated sand,
clay, and gravel, interbedded with occasional indurated beds, and is
characterized by an abundance of invertebrate fossils, among which
a few forms, Uke sand dollars (Echinarachnius) j barnacles (Balanus),
Mulinia, Area, Mya, small oysters, Neverita, etc., are particularly
prevalent. It reaches a thickness of over 3,500 feet in the southern
portion of the district, but in the northern portion it is at most only
half as thick. It may be most easily recognized by the dominant
grayish-blue color of the massive sand beds that comprise a thickness
of several hundred feet at its base, but an examination of its char-
acteristic fossils is the only means of distinguishing it accurately
from the associated formations.

One of the most important of its broad features in the Coahnga
district is the usual predominance of coarse material, such as sand
and pebbly deposits, in its lower portion, and of finer material, such
as extremely fine sand and clay, in its upper portion; but this feature
varies with the locahty, and in some places is hardly noticeable.

Fossils. — Fossils are more or less abundant and usually in an excel-
lent state of preservation throughout the Etchegoin formation in the
Coahnga district. Several recognizable horizons, each carrying a
more or less distinctive fauna, occur between the base and top of the
formation, but these faunas are so closely related and of such local
extent that they have not been deemed worthy of recognition in
the mapping of the formation. The following species have 'been
found by Robert Anderson and the writer in the district under
discussion:

PALEOKTOLOQT OP COALINGA D18TBICT, CALIFOBNIA.

UiiJ

i; I;

-Tit

Tttn

4-4

ftt

m+i— r-

H^4i — h

: :::::

rtttHjm

ilt

fH — h

-Tt

tH-

ftrMt

"tt

1T- )-;-;t

^«

-rtti

ffl-

tttn-

-m-f

jttt

-brm

-tSt^

ilu

-fetn-

l!-Uii4-

mrr

-um

: :iS :;;■;!;:; ;i; ;

Mill illMM

tft

iiiilBlr

Kim

mm
m\\]

32 PALEONTOLOOT OF COALINQA DISTRICT, CALIFOBNIA.

-i^U,

\m n: :-L-n-iH-

i! i'^i

n LM|Li_;N4l n i ;_; il

:::::: ' rUU

-mu-i

Trr

"t;:1 ri~^

X i ; ; ; i

,,,ii — h

4-U-i-i i-

1 i ji i— 1 i
tritTl — mt

jmi

r-ntitl-rm — n

-ii-ti :-r

rlTl — r

ifc! ill 11

iSJni

ETCHBGOIN FORMATION. 33

3848. Point Where rood from Coalinga to Stone Canyon crosses the Waltham Creek Sheep property.
Spur of sandstone. Probably middle beds.

4643. Upper Mulinkt eone on main ridge of Kettleman Hills, 1 mile southeast of 1,370-foot hill, in S£. 1
sec. 20, T. 22 S., R. 18 E. Lower middle beds.

4648. Seventy-five feet below summit on south side of 1,375-foot hiU just west of Mr. Orr's house in Bie
Tar Canyon. InNE. JNW. Jsec. 8, T.23 S., R. 17 E. Basal beds.

4656. At northwest end of Anticline Ridge, 6 miles north-northeast of Coalinga, SW. J sec. 34, T. 19 S.,
R. 15 E. Lowest Etchegoin bed or Olycymeria zone, just below bed of 4657.

4657. At northwest end of Anticline Ridge, 6 miles north-northeast of Coalinga, bed just above 4656, near
south side of SW. \ sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. Basal beds.

4658. Near northwest end of Anticline Ridge at southeast end of long 1,200-foot hill, in NE. J sec. 3, T.
20 S., R. 15 E., near base of Etchegoin.

4659. At northwest end of Anticline Ridge on 1,200-foot hill, and for 1 mile northwest of that hill along
QlyeymerU um%. Basal beds. See 4656.

4660. About 2i miles southwest of Coalinga, northeast of West Coalinga well. Olyeymeris zone, or basal
beds. See locality 4674.

4661. Eight miles north of Coalhiga, in NW. ^sec 29, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. Olycymeria zone or basal beds.
' 4662. At north edge of Etchegoin area in white Creek basin, one-half mile east of road up White
Creek and three-fourths mile southeast of Michigan well, center of N W. \ sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 13 E.
Olyeymeris zone, 100 feet above base of Etch^oin.

4663. At north edge of Etchegoin area in White Creek basin, on summit of ridge one-half mile west of
road up White Creek and three-fourths mile southwest of Michigan well^jMtil^rmile northwest of 4662,
in basal sandstone of the Etchegoin.

4664. On north side of White Creek about 5 miles northwest of jimction with Los Gates Creek, in basal
Etchegoin beds on south side of synclinal basin.

4665. On south side of White Cre^ about 6 miles northwest of junction with Los Oatos Creek. Basal
beds.

4669. At south end of Kettleman Hills, on summit of 540-foot hill in very southwest comer of map, in
center of sec. 2, T. 25 S., R. 19 E., and for 1 mile S. 15^ E. of that hill; probably about the lowest Etchegoin
beds exposed south of Avenal Gap.

4670. At southernmost end of Kettleman Hills, 5} miles south-southeast of Light's house in Avenal Gap.
on knob of vertical angle bench mark (elevation 505 feet), in center of sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E. Prominent
bed of yellowish limestone in uppermost portion of Etchegoin.

4671. On northeast flank of Anticline Ridge, about 64 miles northeast of Coalinga and about 2 miles
north-northeast of benchmark 947 feet, several hundred feet above base of Etchegoin, in the lower middle
beds.

4672. South of Waltham Creek, 3} miles southwest of Coalinga, on northeast nose of 1,200-foot ridge four-
filths mile north-northwest of 1,900-foot hill, center of SE. \ sec. 13, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. Basal beds.

4673. One mile southeast of Alcalde, at elevation of 1,600 feet on ridge west of 1,900-foot hill, center of
NE. \ sec. 24, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. Basal beds.

4674. Halfway between West Coalinga and Commercial Petroleum wells, about 3 miles southwest of
\ Coalinga. G{ycymm« zone, or basal beds. See locality 4660.

^ ^75. Two and one-half miles due west of Coalinga, at elevation of about 1,200 feet on road, north line of
sec. 1, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. Lower middle beds.

4676. Six miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills, where old road crosses main ridge one-
half mile east t>f 1,332-foot hill. Lower Mya zone, or lower middle beds.

4677. Ten miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills on northeast side of summit of 1,370-foot
hill, west side of NW. \ sec. 20, T. 22 S., R. 18 E. Lower Mya zone, or lower middle beds.

4678. On road north of locality 4676, one-half mile east-northeast of 1,332-foot hill. Lower middle beds.

4679. Area about 10 to 12 miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills; Mulinia beds on both
sides of anticline, between 1,370-foot and 1,277-foot hills on main ridge and within 1 mile northeast of those
hiUs on opposite side of anticline. Lower middle beds.

4681. On east side of Kettleman HiUs 3 miles northeast of Light's place in Avenal Gap, on southwest side
of long, low ridge near axis of anticline; middle of west side of NE. J sec. 4, T. 24 S., R. 19 E. Upper (?)
Mulinia zone, or lower middle beds.

4682. One-third mile west of locality 4681, north-central part of NW. \ sec. 4, T. 24 S., R. 19 £, ^pper
Mulinia zone, or lower middle beds.

4683. South of Avenal Gap in Kettleman Hills; extremely fossiliferous sand on summit of 500-foot knob
just north of old house, 2^ miles S. 45" E. of Light's place, northern part of NW. \ sec. 27, T. 24 S., R. 19 E.
Upper Mulinia zone, or lower middle beds.

4684. South-central part of Kettleman HiUs, about 5 miles northwest of Dudley-Lemoore road, in second
main canyon 1| miles N. 45" E. of l.OSO-fbot hill, center of S W. ) sec. 35, T. 22 S., K. 18. E. Lower Mulinia
zone, about 3,000 feet below top of Etchegoin; lower middle or oasal beds.

4688. On Anticline Ridge, southwest of Turner well No. 2, middle of S. i sec. 2, T. 20 S. , R. 15 E. Several
hundred feet above base of Etchegoin in the lower middle beds.
4690. Two miles southwest of Coalinga, south of Lucile well, SW. i sec. 6. Lower middle beds.

88866— Bull. 396—09 3

PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFOENIA.

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4603. South-central part of Kettleman Hills, about 9 miles northwest of Avenal Gap, 1,000 feet north-
east of 1.030-foot hill, S W. \ N£. i sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 E., 950 feet stratigraphically below summit of Etche-
goin. About same as Peeien coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

4696. East side of Kettleman Hills, south of Avenal Gap, from gravelly surface of ground, NE. i SE. i sec.
27, T. 24 S., R. 19 E. Lower middle beds.

4696. About 2,000 feet east of main ridge of Kettleman Hills, 1 mile southeast of Light's place, SW. ^
NW. 1 sec. 21, T. 24 S., R. 19. E. In dark gypsiferous sand and clay about 750 feet stratigraphically below
top of Etchegoin; probably the equivalent ofthe Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

4697. Near south end of Kettleman Hills, along simimit of ridge (elevation 592 feet) 4 miles S. about 20**
£. of Lieht's place in Avenal Gap, on west side of sec. 3, T. 25 S., R. 19 E. Prominent pebble bed 1,600
to 2,000 feet below summit of Etchegoin. Probably same horizon as 4696, in lower middle beds.

4698. North of White Creek syncline, about three-fourths mile north of White Creek and 3^ miles north-
west of junction with Los Gatos Creek, in center of sec. 23, T. 19 S., R. 13 E. Upper middle beds.

4609. Eastern border of southernmost group of Kettleman Hills, in gray and blue sand on northeastern
side of knoll in western part of sec. 26, T. 24 S., R. 19 E. About same horizon as 4605 and 4697, in lower
middle beds.

4700. Kettleman Hills. Float. Undifferentiated lower or middle beds.

4701. East side of Kettleman Hills, at base of upper Mya zone or uppermost beds on Dudley-Lemoore
road, in eastK^entral part of sec. 17, T. 23 S., R. 19 E.

4702. South-central part of Kettl^nan Hills, on northwest side of 813-foot hill 4^ miles northwest of
Avenal Gap, 400 feet east of main ridge where old road crosses, NW. ^ NW. i sec. 25, T. 23 S., R. 18 E.
Gypsiferous sand and pebble bed about 900 feet stratigraphically below summit of Etchegoin. Probably
equivalent to Pecten coalingaensis zone, or uppo* middle beds.

4703. Central part of Kettleman Hills, 10 miles northwest of Avenal Gap, three-fourths mile N. 30* W.
of 1,030-foot hill, SW. i SW. i sec. 34, T. 22 S., R. 18 E. About 900 feet stratigraphically below summit of
Etchegoin. Probably equivalent of Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds. -

4704. Central part of Kettleman Hills, 11 miles northwest of Avenal Gap, on south base of 1,145-foot
hill, in very southeast comer of sec. 28, T. 22 S., R. 18 E. Just above upper MtUinia zone, in lower middle
beds.

4705. One-third mile south of bench mark 923 feet on Zapato Creek, from hard layers in sand forming a
ridge that runs along 1 mile from there on south side of road to Canoas Creek, on west side of NW. i sec.
17, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. About 450 feet below summit of Etchegoin. Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper
middle beds.

4706. Just across the gully east of the Call well, 7 miles north-northwest from Coalinga, in northwest
comer of sec. 32, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. Lower middle beds (?).

4707. About one-fourth mile northeast of Hugo Kreyenhagen's house between two roads that run east
from Canoas Creek, center of sec. 27, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Sea-urchin bed immediately above upper Mulinia
zone, about 900 feet stratigraphically above base of Etchegoin,'in lower middle beds.

4706. On 1,245-foot hill 4 miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills, east side of sec. 32, T. 21
S., R. 17 E. Area bed in upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4709. East side of Kettleman Hills, on summit of ridge in center of SE. i^sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 18 E. Drab
sand with hard sandstone layers, 750 to 800 feet stratigraphically below sununit of Etchegoin. Pecten
cotUingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

jtfkB. Three-fourths mile northwest of Zapato Creek bench mark, 806 feet, on north side of ravine, west-
iimtral part of NE. \ sec. 5, T. 22 S., R. 16 E; Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.
-""^ 4711. West side of 1,245-foot hill, 4 miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills, central part of
sec. 32, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. Oyster bed 50 feet above Area bed of locality 4708; upper Mya zone, or upper-
most beds.

4712. East of Zapato Creek, one-half mile south of Adolph Kreyenhagen's house, SW. \ SE. i sec. 8, T.
22 S., R. 16 E. Variable i>ebbly sand, very fossillferous. Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

4713. On top of 1,332-foot hill, 5i miles southeast of northwest end of Kettleman Hills, in south-central
part of sec. 3, T. 22 S., R. 17 K. Sand dollar bed of drab sand overlying blue and gray sand of lower Mya
zone, both being in the lower middle beds.

4714. Two miles southwest of Coalinga, at elevation of 900 feet near edge of Alcalde Hills, on ridge
descending east from prominent hill (elevation 1,410 feet). Just east of center of SW. } sec. 6, T. 21 S., R.
15 E. Coarse sand and pebble conglomerate about 650 feet stratigraphically above base of Etchegoin.
Pecten coalingaensis zone, or upper middle beds.

4715. South end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E. Upper middle and uppermost Etchegoin
beds.

4716. Near northwest end of Kettleman Hills, 2 miles north-northwest of 1,245-foot hill, east of center
of SW. \ sec. 20, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. In sand just below flinty white shale bed that marks top of Etchegoin.
Just below 4740. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4717. Near northwest end of Kettleman Hills, If miles northwest of 1,244-foot hill, just east of old house,
northwest comer of sec. 29, T. 21 S., R. 17 £. Area sand below white shale at top of Etchegoin. Upper
Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4718. Main ridge of Kettleman Hills, 4 miles north of Dudley-Lemoore road, on summit of l,Q20-foot
hill, east side of sec. 11, T. 23 S., R. 18 E. Upx)er Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4720. One mile due north of Light's place In Avenal Gap on south side of hill ^elevation 555 feet), in
center of SW. J sec. 8, T. 24 S., R. 19 E. Very gypsiferous sand at base of upper Mya zone, or uppermost
beds.

4722. Three-fourths mile southeast of Adolph Kreyenhagen's on Zapato Creek, northwest comer of sec.
16, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4723. South group of Kettleman Hills, on point of main ridge facing Avenal Gap one-half mile east-
southeast of Light's place, south side of SE. } sec. 17, T. 24 S., K. 19 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost
beds.

4724. Main ridge of south group of Kettleman Hills, 1 mile south of Avenal Gap, NW. ^ SE. ^ sec. 20,
T. 24 S., R. 19 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4725. East side of Kettleman Hills, on dOO-foot ridge at contact of Etchegoin and Tulare north of sharp
turn in Dudley-Lemoore road, southwest comer of sec. 8, T. 23 S., R. 19 E. Upper Mya zone, or
uppermost beds.

ETCHEGOIN FOBMATION.

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4728. On northeast border of Kettleman Hills, on southwest flank of 900-foot hill just east of old road,
in north part of sec. 35, T.21 S., R. 17 £. Upper Mya zone at top of Etchegoin immediately underlying
Tulare fresh-water beds of 4731.

4729. At west foot of hill (elevation 1,174 feet), 1^ miles east of Garza Creek, just north of road, southeast
comer of N£. i sec. 36, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4730. Central part of Kettleman Hills, on summit of 1,030-foot nill on main ridge 9f miles northwest of
Light's place in Avenal Gap, center of sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

4736. East side of Kettleman Hills, east of Dudley-Lemoore road, NE. i Sw. J sec. 17, T. 23 S., R. 19 E.
Upper 3fya zone just below fresh-water bed (Tulare) of locality 4737, uppermost oeds.

4741. In Kettleman Hills, 3i miles north of Dudley-I.emoore road on little hill (elevation 600+ feet),
northeast comer sec. 12, T. 23 S., R. 18 E. In lower middle beds just above lower Mya zone.

4744. West of Canoas Creek, north of road leading to Zapato Creek, SW: i NW. \ sec. 22, T. 22 S., R.
16 E. Upper Mya zone, upx)ermost beds.

4749. On ridge east of Garza Creek, in NE. \ sec. 1, T. 23 S., R. 16 E. Lower Mulinia zone, basal beds
of Etchegoin.

4750. On ridge east of Garza Creek, about 1,200 feet stratigraphically above 4749, SW. \ sec. 36, T. 22 S.,
R. 16 E. Lower middle beds.

4751. On ridge east of Garza Creek and immediately west of road from Garza Creek to Big Tar Canyon,
NW. i sec. 36, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. About 1,000 feet stratigraphicallv above 4750, or in upper middle beds.

4752. On ridge east of Garza Creek and immediately northeast of road connecting Garza Creek and Big
Tar Canyon, NE. { sec. 36, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Upper Mya zone, about 1,000 feet stratigraphically above
4751, uppermost beds.

4753. On Waltham Creek 13 miles southwest of Coalinga, 200 yards north of Elmer Frame's house. In
gray sandstone well up in Etchegoin formation, probably in middle beds.

4754. Waltham Creek, 13 miles southwest of (joalinga, three-fourths mile east of Elmer Frame's place.
Gray sandstone 200 feet stratigraphically below 38<ft9; also probably in middle beds.

4755. About 4 miles south of Coalinga in Jacalitos Hills, SW. \ sec. 21, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. Undifferentiated
lower or middle beds.

4756. Vicinity of Henry Spring, 4 miles south-southwest of Coalinga, on east side of 1,900-foot hill, SW. }
sec. 18, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. iX)wer middle or basal beds.

4757. Same locality, but 150 feet stratigraphically above 4756. Lower middle or basal beds.

4758. Same locality, but ^0 feet stratigraphically above 4756. Upper middle beds.

4759. Same locality, but 500 to 900 feet stratigraphically above 4756. Upper middle beds.

4760. On old road crossing north end of Kettleman Hills, three-fourths mile northeast of 1,332-foot hill,
SE. { NW. 1 sec. 2, T. 22 S., R. 17 E. In lower middle beds, 1,900 feet stratigraphically below summit of
Etchegoin, about equivalent of lower Mya zone.

4761. On ridge one-half mile south of junction of Jacalitos and Salt creeks, southeast comer of sec. 31,
T. 21 S., R. 15 E. Cardium bed at base of Etchegoin, about equivalent of Olycymeris zone, basal beds.

4762. Southwest of CoaUnca district, in Waltham Valley three-fourths mile east of Elmer Frame's
house. Area and Mactra bed, probably basal beds.

•"* 4763. Southwest of Coalinga district*, on Stone Canyon-Waltham Creek joad just west of Waltham
Valley. Probably middle beds.

4769. On east side of Canoas Creek, just south of Hugo Kreyenhagen's home, northwest comer of SW. \
sec. 27, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Lower Mulinia zone, at contact between Etchegoin and Jacalitos.

4778. About three-fourths mile east of Adolph Kreyenhagen's house on Zapato Creek, west side of sec. 9,
T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Small Ostrea bed, about 100 feet stratigraphically below Mya bed at top of Etchegoin
formation in upper Mya zone.

4780. One-fourth mile west of locality 4778. ^Irca bed about 350 feet below summit of Etchegoin, in
uppermost beds.

4781. Areas from north-central part of Kettleman Hills. Basal Mulinia beds.

4782. On southwest flank of high hill (elevation 1,458 feet) east of lower part of Canoas Creek, at elevation
of 1,200 leet, SW. \ SW. J sec. 23, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. Upper Mya zone, or uppermost beds.

L On the southeast bank of Canoas Creek, three-fourths mile below u. Kreyenhagen's, 16 miles

125 feet stratigraphically below

4783.
southeast of Coalinga, northeast corner SW. i sec. 22, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.
top of Etchegoin formation, in uppermost beds.

4799. Coalinga district. Exact locality unknown.

4806. Two miles southeast of Coalinga, on north side of Alcalde Canyon, center of SW. \ sec. 7, T. 21 S.,
R. 15 E. Olycymeris zone, near base of Etchegoin.

4857. Extreme southeast end of Kettleman Hills, in sees. 11, 12, T. 25 S., R. 19 E. Pecten oweni bed,
probably lowest Etchegoin.

42 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

Faunal zones. — The lowest fossiliferous bed in the Etchegoin is in
a zone in which Glycymeris coalingensis n. sp. and G. sejytentrioTiaMs
Middendorf are exceedingly abundant; this zone is called the Glycy-
meris zone; above this are beds in which Mulinia densata Conrad is
very abundant; this is the Mulinia zone; still higher in certain parts
of the field Echinarachnius gihhsii R6mond is very common, but other
fossils rare, and this is sometimes called the Echinarachnius zone.
A few hundred feet below the top of the Etchegoin is an exceedingly
fossiliferous horizon in which Pecten coalingaensis Arnold is a common
species, and this is called the Pecten coalingaeTisis zone; above it and
practically at the top of the Etchegoin is the upper Mya zone,
characterized by numerous Mya japonica Jay. In the Kettleman
Hills is another horizon, between the Mulinia and Pecten coalingaensis
zones, in which Mya japonica is practically the only fossil; this horizon
is called the lower Mya zone.

The Glycymeris zone, or zone of the basal beds, is characterized by
the two species of this genus previously mentioned and by Diplodonia
harfordi F. M. Anderson, D. parilis Conrad, Cardium meeJcianum
Gabb, and Pecten oweni Arnold. Locality 4806 is typical of this zone.
Localities representative of this zone are 4648, 4656, 4657, 4658, 4659,
4660, 4661, 4662, 4663, 4664, 4665, 4669, 4672, 4673, 4674, 4684,
4749, 4756, 4757, 4761, 4762, 4769, 4781, 4806, and 4857.

The Mulinia zone, or zone of the lower middle beds, contains
numerous Mulinia densata Conrad, Ostrea atwoodi Gabb, and Area
trilineata Conrad. It is represented by localities 4643, 4671, 4675,
4676, 4677, 4678, 4679, 4681, 4682, 4683, 4688, 4690 (?), 4695, 4697,
4699, 4704, 4706 (?), 4707, 4713, 4741, 4750, and 4760.

The Pecten coalingaensis zone, or zone of the upper middle beds, is
characterized by Pecten coalingaensis Arnold, P. wattsi Arnold and its
variety etchegoini F. M. Anderson, Terebratalia smiihi Arnold, and
Ostrea vespertina Conrad. Locality 4712 yields a fauna typical of
this horizon. It is also represented at localities 4693, 4696, 4698,
4702, 4703, 4705, 4709, 4710, 4712, 4714, 4715, 4751, 4758, and 4759.

The upper Mya zone, or zone of the uppermost Etchegoin beds,
carries Mya japonica Jsiyj Littorina mariana n. sp., and its variety
alta n. var., Trochita filosa Gabb, and Solen sicarius Gould. Just
above the upper Mya zone is usually foimd a bed in which are numer-
ous Ostrea vespertina Conrad var. sequens n. var. This zone is repre-
sented at localities 4670,4701,4708,4711, 4716, 4717, 4718, 4720,
4722, 4723, 4724, 4725, 4728, 4729, 4730, 4736, 4744, 4752, 4778,
4780, 4782, and 4783.

LocaUties 3849, 4700, 4753, 4754, 4755, 4763, and 4799 are undif-
ferentiated.

Conditions of deposition. — ^A study of the faunas of the various
zones of the Etchegoin leads to some interesting conclusions concern-

■BtaiMHI^M

ETCHEGOIN FORMATION. 43

ing the physical conditions which surrounded the deposition of the
strata at various times throughout the Etchegoin epoch, and also to
some important correlations, not only with formations in other
parts of the Coast Ranges but with horizons of the Tertiary of the
Eastern States.

The abundance of Area in the Glycymeris and Mulinia zones leads
to the conclusion that the water in which the lower part of the Etche-
goin was laid down was somewhat warmer than that now prevalent
on the Pacific coast at the latitude of Coalinga.

Following the deposition of the two lower zones came a period in
which estuarine conditions prevailed over at least a part of the
Coalinga shore line, for in the Kettleman Hills is a bed in which is to
be found large numbers of My a japonic a Jay, a noted ^cold-water
species preferring mud flats. This Mya bed in turn is followed by
strata containing a fauna having many characteristics in common
with the fauna of the Gulf of California, a province that has been
subject to tropical conditions at least since the beginning of Miocene
time. It is therefore reasonable to suppose that a subsidence and
change of conditions to those favoring the imnj^gration of warmer
water species took place some time after the deposition of the middle
Etchegoin. These conditions were suddenly altered near the close
of the Etchegoin epoch, as is indicated by the faima of the upper
Mya zone, which contains Mya japonica Jay, Macoma inquinata
Deshayes, and Littorina mariana n. sp. (closely allied to the northern
L. grandis Midd.), species supposed to have been best suited to cold
and possibly estuarine conditions. It is a noteworthy fact in con-
nection with this late Etchegoin''cold-water invasion that it extermi-
nated most of the species found in the subjacent beds, at least for
the local Coalinga provin<?e, and that the only important species of
the preceding fauna, Ostrea vespertina Conrad, which persisted into
the last part of the Etchegoin, was so adversely influenced by the new
conditions that it became a dwarf of its former self and took up new
characteristics of at least varietal importance. The uppermost
Etchegoin representative of the beautiful well-developed Ostrea ves-
pertina is the dwarfed, thin variety sequens.

Other evidence showing the varying conditions which prevailed
during the latter half of the Etchegoin is to be found in the occurrence
within the formation of curious bulbous growths of fishes, such as are
later mentioned as occurring associated with the fresh-water fossils
in the basal Tulare. The lowest horizon at which they were found
is at locality 4697, which is 1,600 to 2,000 feet below the summit
of the formation. These growths occur alone, with marine fossils, or
with fresh- water fossils. At one horizon, about 900 below the summit
of the Etchegoin, along the eastern foot of the main ridge in the
southern portion of the Kettleman Hills, abundant specimens of

44 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

Goniobasis, a fresh- water (?) genus, were found in gypsiferous beds
associated with the curious fish bones. This horizon is represented
by locality 4696, and is about equivalent to that of Pecten coalingaensis.
These bones and shells indicate that a close connection existed between
salt-water areas and nearly if not entirely fresh-water areas during
much of the Etchegoin period, and that especially in the later portioji
of the period conditions were on the vei^e of becoming such as
existed during early Tulare time. The great thickness of inky-blue

. fine clay in the upper portion of the Etchegoin of the Kettleman
Hills below the sands of the upper Mya zone is believed to have
originated as fine delta deposits, possibly subaerially and above the
reach of the tide.

The presence of enormous quantities of EchinarachniuSj accom-
panied by no other forms of fossils, in some of the middle or upper
middle Etchegoin sands, and somewhat similar deposits in the upper
Jacalitos, indicate that at various periods throughout the upper
Miocene extensive, shallow sand flats prevailed along the edge of the
San Joaquin sea.

, Correlation, — F. ..M. Anderson ** correlates the lower portion of

1^ the Etchegoin with the typical San Pablo beds of the Mount Diablo
province, and this correlation agrees in general with that made by
the writer. To be more exact it is believed that the upper Jacalitos
and lower Etchegoin are probably the equivalent of the typical San
Pablo and that the upper Etchegoin is possibly younger than the
latest San Pablo, and agrees in age more nearly with the lower part

u of the fossiliferous Purisima beds on the southwestern flanks of the
Santa Cruz Mountains.''

The resemblance of the fauna of the upper Etchegoin to the fauna
of the latest marine formation in the Carrizo Creek district of eastern
San Diego County and to similar beds at Santa Rosalia and other
points in lower California, has led the writer to correlate it with
these latter, and on the basis of this correlation to suppose that the
upper Miocene sea occupied the upper end of the Gulf of California
depression. This last correlation agrees with that of Gabb and Cooper,
who considered the beds at Carrizo Creek to be Pliocene (some of
their Pliocene is now recognized as upper Miocene by the writer).
The number of species common to the two faunas is not large but
the abundance of the individuals and the uniqueness of the forms
compensate for this. Among the forms common to the two faunas
are Ostrea vespertina Conrad, Pecten deserti Conrad, and Neverita
recluziana Petit.

The similarity between Ostrea vespertina Conrad, Mytilus ( MytHo^
concha) coalingensis n. sp., and Pecten deserti Conrad of the Etche-

o Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 180.
6 Arnold, Ralph, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, 1908, p. 353.

ETCHEGOIN FORMATION. 45

goin fauna and Ostrea sculpturata Conrad, Mytilus (Mytiloconcha)
incurvus Conrad, Pecten gibbus Linnaeus var. concentricus Say of the
Miocene and Pliocene of the Atlantic States, points strongly to a
direct connection between the Atlantic and Pacific provinces during
the Miocene. If such a connection existed it was possibly through
southern Arizona and New Mexico and thence along the course of
the Rio Grande to the Gulf of Mexico, although it might have been
farther south.

Age. — ^The age of the Etchegoin in terms of the standard time scale
is now, and probably will for some time to come, be a question on
which opinions differ. F. M. Anderson and the writer agree on the
general correlation of the San Pablo and Etchegoin; about this
there can be very little doubt. But when it comes to assigning the
San Pablo and Etchegoin to the Pliocene, the writer differs with
Anderson ° and also with Weaver.**

According to the list given in this paper the Etchegoin is represented
by 84 recognizable species. Of these, 55 species or varieties (65 per
cent) are extinct, while but 29 species (35 per cent) are still living
in the Pacific Ocean. According to LyelUs classification this would
place the formation decidedly in the Miocene. Furthermore, of the
fauna of 18 recognizable species at locality 4712, a fauna typical of
the upper part of the Etchegoin, 16 species and varieties (89 per
cent) are extinct and only 2 species (11 per cent) are now living.

In addition to the line of evidence presented above, which at best
is largely dependent on the personal interpretation of the meaning
of species, there is the evidence of the position of the Etchegoin in
the geologic series of California. An examination of its fauna
indicates that its upper portion is equivalent to the lowest Purisima
of the western side of the Santa Cruz Mountains, and there is no
question but that in places at least 4,000 or 5,000 feet*" of strata
separate this lower Purisima fauna from the lower Merced fauna
and that between 3,000 and 5,000 feet of Merced (both Pliocene and
Pleistocene) overlie the lower Merced fauna. Therefore it is evident
that since the deposition of the Etchegoin enough time has elapsed
for the deposition of between 7,000 and 10,000 feet of strata on the ,
California coast. Taking 25,000 feet as a conservative estimate of/ /
the total maximum thickness of the Tertiary on the west coast, this V
7,000 to 10,000 feet of strata above the Etchegoin would place the
top of the Etchegoin at least a third of the way down toward the
base of the Tertiary. Arguing along this line it seems to the writer
more consistent to place the Etchegoin in the Miocene rather than
in the Pliocene.

o Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, pfik 180 et seq.; 4th ser., vol. 3, pp. 28 et seq.

b Bull. Dept. Geology, Univ. California, vol. 5, p. 269.

cSee Santa Cruz folio (No. 163), Geol. Atlas U. S., U. S. Geol. Survey, 1909.

46 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

TULARE FORMATION (PLIOCENE-LOWER PLEISTOCENE).

General description, — ^The Etchegoin in the Coalinga district is
overlain along the border of the San Joaquin Valley by a thick succes-
sion of beds of gravel, sand, clay, sandstone, conglomerate, and some
limestone, which forms the uppermost member of the upturned
formations exposed in the monocline on the eastern flank of the
Diablo Range. It differs materially from the formations so far
described in that its origin is doubtful, being in part fresh water, in
part marine, and in large part probably of subaerial origin. In the
Kettleman Hills, where these beds are best exposed, the basal sand,
which appears to lie conformably upon the marine bed at the top of
the Etchegoin, contains many fresh-water fossils. The beds above
this have a thickness of several thousand feet, and as far as observed
are unfossUiferous except at one horizon near the summit, at which
a few marine fossils have been found. Along the foothills of the
Diablo Range in the Coalinga district the basal fresh-water beds
have not been recognized and may be lacking. Gravel and sand
beds belonging to the same succession overlie the Etchegoin with
local appearances of unconformity.

The whole series of tilted beds overlying the Etchegoin is referred
to as one formation, the Tulare, for the reason that it appears to
be continuous and can not be consistently subdivided in different
regions. It was formed without doubt under varying conditions of
deposition, but it may or may not represent a continuous period.
It began to be formed in some portion (probably the earlier portion)
of the Pliocene epoch, and probably represents a continuation of
deposition well into the Pleistocene. Its summit may be considered
as the highest bed markedly affected by the great uplift that took
place early in ^Pleistocene time throughout the Coast Range region,
and as unconformably overlain by the more recent horizontal terrace
deposits and alluvium.

The highest part of the formation exposed is near the edge of
Kettleman Plain in the south-central part of the Kettleman Hills,
but the summit of the formation as above defined is not exposed,
though it is probable that the edge of the Kettleman Hills marks the
approximate summit of the tilted beds. The maximum thickness
of the Tulare at this locality is a little over 3,000 feet. The
formation may be recognized most easily by the fresh-water fossils
and strange bone beds at its base, by its position overlying all the
other formations and bordering the valley, and by the prevalence in
it of prominent beds of bowlder gravel, which is much coarser and
more abundant than in any of the other Tertiary formations. Other-
wise this formation resembles some of the others closely, and it is
frequently difficult to differentiate them.

This formation was first described by F. M. Anderson,'* the section
in the Kettleman Hills being his type. Lists of fossils accompanied

o Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, 1902, p. 181.

TULARE FORMATION.

his original description. In Bulletin 357 of the United States Geo-
logical Survey the beds now called Tulare were correlated with Fair-
banks's Paso Robles formation." Late work by Robert Anderson
has shown the Paso Robles to be composed in part of various marine
strata extending from the upper Miocene upward. F. M. Anderson's
later name, Tulare, is therefore adopted for the formation to which
it was originally given.

Fossils, — The only important fossiliferous zone in the Tulare
lies near its base and is called the Anodonta zone because of th«
abundance in it of fresh-water mussels of this genus. Commonly
there is but one fossil bed in the zone, but toward the south-central
part of the Kettleman Hills, two, and locally three, beds carrying
fresh-water shells are found. The following species have been found
in the Tulare formation in the Coalinga district by Robert Ander-
son and the writer:

List of Tulare {Pliocene-lower Pleistocene) fossils from the Coalinga district.

Name.

X'
X.

■

X
X

1^
X

0(5

Tj<

PELECYPODA.

Anodonta kettlemanensis n. sp

Gonidea coalineensis n. sp., and var. cooperi n. var

Ostrea lurida Carpenter

Sphserium cooper! n. sp

X
X

SphsBiium kettlemanensis n. sp

GASTEBOPOPA.

Amnioola andet^oni n. sp _

Amnicola sp

Carinifex marshalli n. sp

Goniobasis kettlemanensis n. sp

Goniobasis nisrina? Lea

Littorina cf . mariana n. sp

Phvsa humerosa Gould

Phvsa wattsl n. sp

Planorbis vanvlep-kt n. sp

X
X

PISCES.

Fish, bulbous erowths

X
X

Fish spines

I....

1 1

oSan Luis folio (No. 101), Geol. Atlas U. S., U. S. Geol. Survey, 1904.

4715. South end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E.

4721. Northeast border of Kettleman Hills, 4 miles west of Tulare Lake, on summit of 758-foot hill, NE. i
sec. 16, T. 22 S., R. 18 E. Fresh-water zone at base of Tulare.

4731. Northeast border of Kettleman Hills, near northwest end, on top of hill (elevation 905 feet) just
east of old road and cabin, NW. i NE. i sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. Fresh-water zone just above oyster
bed of locality 4728.

4732. About 2 miles from northwest end of Kettleman Hills, on south side of main ridge U miles north-
west of 1,245-foot hill, SW. i NE. i sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. Fresh-water zone at base of Tulare.

4735. Central part of Kettleman Hills, on southwest side, 1 mile southwest of 070-foot hill and one-
third mile northwest of oil derrick, in center of south line of SW. i sec. 19, T. 22 S., K. 18 E. Fresh-water
zone at base of Tulare.

4737. East side of Kettleman Hills, east of Dudlev-Lemoore road, NE. i SW. i sec. 17, T. 23 S., R. 19 E.
Fresh-water zone overlying upper Etchegoin bed of locality 4736.

4738. In Kreyenhagen Hills, 20 miles southeast of Coalinga, one--fourth mile e&st of bench mark 872 feet,
just south of El Cerrito well, SE. i NW. i sec. 14, T. 23 S., R. 17E. In whiteshale zone at base of Tulare
as mapped.

4739. Same general locality as 4738, on point of 900-foot hill, nearly 1 mile northwest of bench mark 872
feet, SE. i sec. 10, T. 23 S., R. 17 E. At contact of Etchegoin and Tulare.

4740. Near northwest end of Kettleman Hills, 2 miles north-northwest of 1,245-foot hill, east of center
of SW. J sec. 20, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. Fresh-water zone just above Etchegoin oyster beds and white shale
of locality 4716.

4743. On west side of Kettleman Hills, along Dudley- Lemoore road, in steeply dipping beds ofpebbly
sand exposed in bed of arroyo, 1,000 feet up gully from edge of plain, north part of SW . J sec. 35, T. 23 S.,
R. 18 E. About 2,500 feet above fresh-water zone at base of formation.

48 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

■

The marine and fresh-water fossils at locality 4715, in the southern
part of the Kettleman Hills, are more or less mixed, owing to their
scattered occmrence over the surface of the eroded upturned beds,
and it is uncertain whether the marine forms Echinarachnius and
Paphia, listed from this locaUty, originally occurred with the fresh-
water ^mnicoto, Goniohdsis, and Planorbis,

Faunal relations and age, — ^A comparison of the above list with the
Ust of species from the same locality prepared by Dr. J. G. Cooper"
shows a marked discrepancy between the two. This is caused by the
different identifications of Doctor Cooper and the writer. Cooper
identified the Kettleman Hill species, with the exception of two
forms, as species now living, while the writer, after a careful com-
parison of the fossils with the series of recent fresh-water moUusks in
the United States National Museum, concluded that with three
exceptions the fossils were new, although in most cases allied to recent
forms. A comparison of the two lists discloses the following relations :

Cooper^s identification. Arnold's identification.

Anodonta decurtata Conrad Anodonta kettlemanensis n. sp.

Anodonta nuttalliana Lea Probably same as above.

Amnicola turbinif onnis Tryon Amnicola andersoni n . sp.

Carinifex newberrjd Lea Carinifex marshaUi n. sp.

Goniobasis occata Hinds Goniobasis kettlemanensis n. sp.

Goniobasis nigrina? Lea.
Maigaritana subangulata Cooper Gonidea coalingensis n. sp.

Gonidea coalingensis var. cooperi n. var.
Physa costata Newcomb Physa wattsi n. sp.

Physa humerosa Gould.

Planorbis tumens Carpenter Planorbis vanvlecki n. sp.

Sphaerium dentatum Haldeman Sphserium cooperi n. sp.

Sphaerium kettlemanensis n. sp.

This fauna, as interpreted by the writer, indicates that the basal
Tulare in the Coalinga district is possibly older than the lowest
known fossiliferous beds in the Santa Clara formation of the Santa
Cruz region, and certainly very much older than the fresh-water
fossils from the Colorado Desert of southern California. In fact, the
basal Tulare is believed to be the fresh-water equivalent of the
San Diego formation and lower Pliocene in age. About 2,500 feet
above the base of the Tulare, Ostrea lurida Carpenter, a species
so far known outside of this district only from Pleistocene and
recent faunas, has been found. This fact is interpreted as indi-
cating a recurrence of marine or estuarine conditions during upper
Tulare time and the extension of the Tulare into the Pleistocene.

o Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4, May 26, 1894, p. 167; Bull. California State Min. Bureau,
No. 3, p. 55; Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 180.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES.

TEJON (EOCENE) SPECIES.

PELECYPODA.

Genus TELLINA Linnaeus.

Tellina joaquinensis n. sp.

Plate II, figure 11.

Description. — Shell attaining a length of 22 millimeters, oblong, com-
pressed, inequivalve, inequilateral. Beaks slightly posterior, small;
anterior extremity regulariy rounded; posterior extremity more
attenuated than anterior, the posterior dorsal margin sloping from
beaks at a somewhat steeper angle than the anterior dorsal margin;
posterior fold practically obsolete. Surface smooth, except for
numerous very fine lines of growth. Hinge and interior unknown.

Dimensions, — ^Ijongitude 22 mm.; latitude 15 mm.; diameter of
single valve, 1.1 mm.

Notes. — ^This small species reminds one somewhat of Angulus, but
is more nearly equilateral and has a less attenuated posterior ex-
tremity. T. joaquinensis is characterized and may be distinguished
from other California Eocene species by its small size, approximate
bilateral symmetry, and the moderately steep slopes of its dorsal
margins. It is apparently closest allied to the Chico (upper Creta-
ceous) T. parilis Gabb, but may be distinguished from the latter by
its slightly more posterior beaks and broader outline. It is named
for the San Joaquin coal mine, near Coalinga.

Type. — Left valve; catalogue No. 165619, U.S.N.M.

Locality. — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4801; hard,
fine sandstone at San Joaquin coal mine, 3 miles west of Coalinga,
in NW. J sec. 26, T. 20 S., R. 14 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert
Anderson).

Horizon. — ^Tejon formation, Eocene.

Genus MERETRIX Lamarck.

Meretrix gabbi n. sp.

Plate III, figure 4.

Description. — Shell attaining a length of 30 millimeters, inequilat-
erally trigonal in outline, gibbous, finely concentrically striated.

88866— Bull. 396—09 4 . 49

50 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

Beaks prominent, turbid, bent forward, situated weU toward the
front of the shell; anterior dorsal margin sloping abruptly down to
the narrow, sharply rounded extremity; posterior dorsal margin
only slightly curved except near beak and near extremity, where it
bends abruptly down, obliquely truncating the end; lower angle of
extremity sharper than upper; base regularly rounded, lunule not
large; sculpture consisting of numerous sharp, fine, close-set con-
centric lines and a few lines of interrupted growth, the latter appear-
ing closer together on the later stages of growth. Hinge and interior
unknown.

Dimensions, — Longitude 29 mm.; latitude 24 mm.; diameter of
single valve, 11 mm.

Notes, — Meretrix gabbi differs from M, uvasana Conrad (PI. Ill,
fig. 13), from the Tejon by its much finer surface sculpture and much
more abruptly truncated anterior extremity. It differs from M.
Jiomi Gabb (PI. Ill, fig. 9), from the Tejon, by the same characters.
It differs from M, ovalis Gabb (PI. Ill, fig. 5), from the Tejon, by its
more trigonal outUne, more abrupt anterior end, and rougher sur-
face. It is named in honor of the late W. M. Gabb, the Nestor of
California paleontology.

7V2?6.-— Catalogue No. 165640, U.S.N.M., from locaUty 4801.

Localities, — United States Geological Survey locality 4614, in low
hills 3i miles northwest of Coalinga and between the two coal mines;
locality 4621, about 150 feet above Chico (Cretaceous) contact, in
hills just south of Los Gatos Creek, 5^ miles north 45° west of Coa-
linga; locality 4801, San Joaquin coal mine, 3 miles west of Coalinga
(Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Horizon. — Tejon formation. Eocene.

Genus OSTREA Linnaeus.
OsTREA AVicuLiFORMis F. M. Andcrsou.

Plate II, figure 12.

1905. Oatrea aviculiformis F. M. Anderson, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology,
vol. 2, December, 1905, p. 194, pi. 13, figs. 3, 4, and 5.

This species is very closely allied to, if not the same as, Ostrea
(GrypJiostrea) suheversa Conrad from the Jackson formation of Ala-
bama. This close relationship between the Jackson formation and
the Tejon, also shown by many other species, leads to the conclusion
that the two formations are practically contemporaneous.

Figured specimen. — Catalogue No. 165627, U.S.N.M.

Locality. — United States Geological Survey locality 4801, San
Joaquin coal mine, 3 miles west of Coahnga, in NW. J sec. 26, T. 20
S., R. 14 E. (Ralph Arnold); west and north of Coalinga (F, M.
Anderson).

Borizon,- -Tejon formation, Eocene.

TEJON SPECIES. 51

GASTEROPODA.
Genus SPIROGLYPHUS Daudin.

/^ Spiroglyphus? tejonensis n. sp.

Plate IV, figure 18.

Description, — Shell attaining a diameter of over 7 millimeters,
discoidal coil, with no spire. Whorls three, circular in cross section,
the first one impressed slightly below plane of periphery; sculpture
consisting of numerous fine, sharp lines of growth and a more or less
prominent revolving sulcation near suture on the inner side of the
top of the whorl.

Dimensions. — ^Maximum diameter, 7.5 mm.; height of coil, 1 mm.

Notes. — Owing to the uncertainty attending the identification of
forms belonging to this group, it is impossible to assign the species
definitely to this genus. Its common occurrence and apparent re-
striction to the Eocene fauna has, in the writer^s opinion, warranted
a name. It is named for the Tejon formation, in which it is common
in the Coalinga district.

2VP6.— Catalogue No. 165658, U.S.N.M., from locaUty 4617.

Localities. — United States Geological Survey locality 4617, hills
just northwest of the headwaters of Little Tar Canyon, north of
Dudley; locahty 4619, west part of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., 15 miles
north of CoaUnga (James H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. — ^Tejon formation, Eocene.

Genus TRITONIDEA Swainson.

Tritonidea kreyenhageni n. sp.

Plate IV, figure 10.

Description. — Shell attaining a length of over 15 millimeters, fusi-
form, apex acute, canal short; axially ribbed and spirally sculptured.
Whorls about five or six, moderately convex, angulate and tabulate
above middle of whorl; a wavy sulcated sutural line or riblet adorns
top of whorl. Sculpture consisting of several (11 on penultimate
whorl) prominent, bulging, close set varices extending from suture
to suture, but becoming obsolete, or nearly so, on the body whorl;
spiral sculpture consists of three prominent rounded, raised lines sepa-
rated by interspaces, somewhat wider than the lines, in each of which
is a minor line, and sometimes a threadlet or two; between the upper-
most prominent line, which usually adorns the angle, and the sutural
riblet are two or three minor riblets; body whorl tapering rapidly in
front and sculptured in a similar manner to the lower parts of the
upper whorls. Aperture ovate, narrowed in front, canal short, curved;
outer lip thin, describing a compound curve bowing from and below

62 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

middle; inner lip smooth; columella with external, rather smooth
fold.

Dimensions. — Longitude, of slightly d6collet6 type, 16 mm.; lati-
tude 9.5 mm.; longitude of body whorl 12 mm.; longitude of aper-
ture and canal 9 mm.

This species is characterized by its numerous close-set bulging
varices and well-defined spiral lines. It is named in honor of Adolph
and Hugo Kreyenhagen, to whom the writer is under obligations for
many favors received during the course of work in the region of
their ranches south of Coalinga.

TVp^.— Catalogue No. 165657, U.S.N.M.

Locality, — United States Geological Survey locality 4801, San
Joaquin coal mine, 3 miles northwest of CoaUnga, in NW. J sec. 26,
T. 20 S., R. 14 E. (Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. — Tejon formation, Eocene,

Genus CANCELLARIA Lamarck.
Cancellaria irelaniana Cooper.

Plate IV, figure 22.

1894. Cancellaria (Narona) irelaniana Cooper, California State Min. Bureau, Boll.
No. 4, p. 42, pi. 1, fig. 5.

Notes. — The specimen from the Coalinga locaHty has less promi-
nent tubercles on the body whorl, has a higher angle on each whorl,
and shows more spiral sculpture, especially below the angle, than is
indicated by Cooper's original description and figure. These differ-
ences are easily accounted for by the individual variability usually
encountered in species of this genus. Cooper reports only a single
specimen, the type, from the Marysville Buttes, Sutter County, col-
lected by W. L. Watts. A single specimen only was found in the
CoaUnga locality. The species was named after WilUam Irelan, jr.,
former state mineralogist of CaUfomia.

Figured specimen. — No. 165645 U.S.N.M.

Locality. — United States Geological Survey locality 4619, west part
of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., 15 miles north of Coalinga (James H.
Pierce and Ralph 'Arnold),

Horizon. — Tejon formation, Eocene.

Genus PLEUROTOMA Lamarck.

Pleurotoma domenginei n. sp.

Plate IV, figure 16.

Description. — Perfect shell about 15 millimeters in length, spindle-
shaped, whorls angulated, sculpture largely spiral. Whorls about six,

TEJON SPECIES. 53

sharply angulated posterior to middle, tabulate above with a promi-
nent nearly vertical revolving sutural ridge or carina just below
suture. The sculpture on the sutural ridge consists of numerous
sharp, more or less regular incremental lines bowing backward in
conformity with the curvature of the posterior sinus at each period
of growth; a small rugose spiral thread runs along the base of the
sutural ridge and another along the top in certain of the whorls;
the sculpture of the rest of the whorl consists of several (four on the
lower part of the penultimate whorl) rather prominent rugose revolv-
ing threadlets; the lower part of the body whorl is nearly straight or
only sUghtly convex and is sculptured by lines similar to those on
the basal parts of the other whorls. Aperture and columella of type
are missing, so these can not be characterized.

Dimensions, — Of broken type, longitude 11 mm.; latitude 6.5 mm.

Notes, — This beautifully sculptured Uttle species is characterized
by its tabulate whorls, prominent sutural ridge, and the peculiar
sculpture of the ridge and lower part of whorl. Only the type is
known. It is named for the Domengine ranch, near which the type
was found.

2Vp€.— Catalogue No. 165647, U.S.N.M.

Locality, — United States Geological Survey locality 4619, in the
west part of sec. 29, T.,18 S., R. 15 E., 15 miles north of Coalinga
(Jas. H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. — Tejon formation, Eocene.

Pl-EUROTOMA FRESNOENSIS n. sp.
Plate IV, figure 23.

Description. — Shell attaining a length of over 20 millimeters,
spindle-shaped, very slender, apex acute, whorls nodose and spirally
sculptured. Whorls 10, convex and sharply angulated in middle;
about eight sharp, spirally elongated nodes adorn the angle of each
whorl, becoming obsolete toward sutures; upper surface of whorls
flat to concave and strongly sculptured by backward bowing in-
cremental lines which record shape of sinus; lower portion of whorl
sculptured by two or three subequal spiral lines; lower part of body
whorl with alternating rugose spiral lines. Suture wavy, distinct.
Aperture elliptical; canal unknown; posterior sinus well developed;
outer lip sharp, bowing forward in middle; inner Up smooth.

Dimensions. — Longitude of type from which the canal is broken,
21 mm.; latitude 8 mm.; longitude of spire 11 mm.; longitude of
aperture 7 mm.

Notes. — This beautiful species is at once distinguishable by its
slender form, peculiar spirally elongated sharp nodes and strong
spiral sculpture below angle, and strong incremental sculpture above

54 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

angle. The species reminds one somewhat of P. (DriUia) torosa
Carpenter. Named for Fresno County, in the western part of which
is the type locality.

I^pe.— Catalogue No. 165631, U.S.N.M.

Locality. — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4619, west part
of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., 15 miles north of Coalinga (James H.
Pierce and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon, — ^Tejon formation, Eocene.

^ Pleurotoma guibersoni n. sp.

Plate IV, figure 20.

Description, — Shell attaining a length of at least 14 millimeters,
narrowly spindle-shaped, prominently nodose. Whorls seven, regu-
larly convex, each whorl carrying five or six very prominent, slightly
oblique rounded varices; the spiral sculpture consists of a small
sutural riblet or wavy line just below the suture, three or four prom-
inent sharp, equidistant, widely separated spiral lines, and between
each pair of these four to six microscopic revolving lines; suture
deeply impressed, distinct. Canal broken and aperture covered up
in type.

Dimensions, — ^Longitude 13.5 mm.; latitude 5.8 mm.; longitude of
spire above body whorl 6 mm.

Notes. — ^This species is characterized by its moderately small size,
very convex whorls, very prominent bulging varices and few dis-
tinct widely separated spiral lines. It is named in honor of Mr. S.
A. Guiberson, jr., superintendent of the Associated Oil Company,
Coalinga, Cal., to whom the writer is indebted for favors while work-
ing in the Coalinga district.

IVp^.— Catalogue No. 165648, U.S.N.M.

Locality. — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4619, in the
west part of sec. 29, T. 18 S., R. 15 E., 15 miles north of Coalinga
(James H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon, — ^Tejon formation. Eocene.

VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) SPECIES.

PELECYPODA.
Genus MULINIA Gray.

Mulinia densata Conrad var. minor n. var.

Plate V, figure 6. (See also PI. XVII, figs. 3 and 4, and PL XXI, fig. 3.)

Notes. — This variety is characterized by its smaller size, and
more inequilateral form than the typical M. densata Conrad. (Pa-
cific Railroad Repts., vol. 6, p. 71, pi. 3, fig. 12.) The typical M.

VAQUEBOS SPECIES. 56

densata is found most abundantly in the upper Miocene; var. minor
is commoner in the lower Miocene (Vaqueros), although specimens
indistinguishable from the Vaqueros forms are found in the Etche-
goin. Mulinia densata is also known as Pseudocardium gahhi R6mond.

rypg.— Catalogue No. 165601 U.S.N.M., from locality 4777.

Localities. — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4625, "reef
bed" in Sulphur Spring branch of Zapato Creek, in sec. 23, T. 22 S.,
R. 15 E.; locality 4627, ''reef bed" just west of Tar Canyon, in north
part of sec. 18, T. 23 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4667, ''reef bed" IJ miles
east of JacaUtos Creek, 5^ miles southwest of Alcalde, in east-central
part of sec. 18, T. 22 S., R. 15 E. ; locality 4770, TurriteUa ocoyana bed
in Canoas Creek, IJ miles southwest of Hugo Kreyenhagen's place,
NE. i SE. i sec. 32, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.; locahty 4777, "reef bed"
on Jasper Creek, above Ramirez place at forks of Jacalitos Creek
(Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson); also several localities in
Etchegoin formation (Arnold and Anderson).

Horizon. — ^Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene, to Etchegoin
formation, upper Miocene.

Genus MACOMA Leach.
^ Macoma piercei n. sp.

Plate VII, figure 6.

Description. — Shell attaining a length of 75 millimeters, oval,
compressed, inequivalve, inequilateral, concentrically sculptured
and with a prominent posterior dorsal ridge or fold. Beaks small,
turned slightly forward, situated somewhat anterior to middle;
anterior dorsal margin straight for a short distance and sloping at a
moderate steep angle away from the beak, then curving gently
around the regularly convex anterior extremity; posterior extremity
straight, moderately angulated at juncture with rounded posterior
extremity; in the left valve the surface is flexed downward dorsally
in the rear, a sharply defined anterior dorsal ridge or carina marking
the border; in the right valve the disk flexes upward dorsally in the
rear, a sharp ridge or carina joining the beak and posterior extremity
a short distance below the dorsal margin. Surface sculptured by
fine, sharp, regular incremental lines.

Dimensions. — Longitude 75 mm.; latitude 55 mm.; diameter of
both valves together 14 mm.

Notes. — M. piercei is more closely allied to M. secta Conrad (living
from Strait of Fuca to Lower California) than to any other west
coast form, but is readily distinguished from the latter by its longer
and narrower oiftline, more compressed disk, more advanced position
of the beak, and sharper anterior dorsal ridge; the sculpture of the

56 PALEONTOLOGY OF GOALINGA DISTBICT, CALIFOBNU.

former is also apparently sharper and more regular than that of the
latter species. It is named in honor of James H. Pierce, Coalinga,
Cal.

Type. — ^A rather poorly preserved pair, catalogue No. 165595,
U.S.N.M., from locality 4631.

Locality, — ^U. S. Geological Survey locahty 4631, TurriteUa ocoyana
bed, SE. i NE. i sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., 10 miles north of Coalinga
(Ralph Arnold; James H. Pierce) ; locaUty 4633, same horizon as last,
sec. 10, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold) ; locality 4861, " reef bed,"
NW. i sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 18 E., Devils Den District, near Barton's
cabin (O. D. Barton; H. R. Johnson; Ralph Arnold).

Horizon, — ^Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

Genus SAXIDOMUS Conrad.

\J Saxidomus vaquerosensis n. sp.

Plate VII, figure 7.

Description. — Shell averaging about 70 milUmeters in length, trans-
versely oval, equivalve, inequilateral, moderately gibbous. Beak
tumid, situated about two-fifths of the distance from anterior to
posterior extremity, turned shghtly forward; posterior dorsal margin
nearly straight, posterior extremity oblique and meeting dorsal mar-
gin in a faint angle, lower part of posterior extremity rounded; base
slightly but regularly rounded; anterior extremity regularly roimded,
excavated immediately in front of beak. Surface sculptured by
sharp, subequal incremental laminae. There is no lunule, but an
impressed line runs part way from beak to anterior extremity and a
broad, shallow groove extends from the beak to the posterior angle.

Dimensions. — Longitude 69 mm. ; latitude 45 mm. ; diameter, both
valves together, 31 mm.

Notes. — This beautiful species is closely alUed and is probably the
precursor of 8. nuttaUi Conrad, which is foimd in the upper Miocene,
PUocene, Pleistocene, and Recent faunas. It is distinguished from
the latter by its narrower outline and more regular and finer concen-
tric sculpture. It is named for the Vaqueros formation, of which it
is believed to be characteristic.

Ti/y^.— Catalogue No. 165570, U.S.N.M., from locality 4631.

Localities. — United States Geological Survey locality 4627, '' reef
bed'' just west of Tar Canyon, in north part of sec. 18, T. 23 S., R.
16 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson); locality 4631, TurriteUa
ocoyana bed, SE. J NE. J sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. (James H. Pierce:
Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. — Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

VAQUEBOS SPECIES. 61

Genus CARDIUM (Linnaeus) Lamarck.

Subgenus TRACHYCARDIUM Morch.

Cardium (Trachycardium) vaquerosensis Arnold.

Plate IX, figure 2.

1908. Cardium (Trachycardium) vaquerosensis Arnold, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34,
August 8, 1908, p. 378, pi. 34, fig. 3.

Notes, — The specimen figured in this report has four more (33) ribs
than the type of the species, thus approaching more closely to the
recent, C, quadrigenarium Conrad, which has about 10 more (40) ribs
than the typical (7. vaquerosensis. This fact is accoimted for by the
higher stratigraphic position of the beds from which the Coalinga
specimen comes, namely, from the top of the Vaqueros; the type
locality of the species is well down in the formation.

Figured specimen, — Catalogue No. 165598, U.S.N.M., from locality
4631.

Localities, — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4631, Turrir
teUa ocoyana bed, in SE. \ NE. \ sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., 10 miles
north of Coalinga (James H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold) ; locality No.
4860, " reef bed,' ' Wagon Wheel Moimtain, Kern County, 9 miles south-
east of Dudley, NW. J sec. 36, T. 25 S., R. 18 E. (O. D. Barton;
H. R. Johnson; Ralph Arnold); Santa Cruz quadrangle, San Mateo
County; locality 12, Mindego Creek, 1 mile above its confluence with
Alpine Creek (Ralph Arnold; H. H. Holly; L. C. Mills).

Horizon, — ^Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

Genus PHACGIDES Blainville.
Subgenus MILTHA H. & A. Adams.
V Phacoides (Miltha) sanct^crucis n. sp.

Plate VI, figure 6.

Description, — Shell averaging about 75 milHmeters in altitude, cir-
cular in outline, compressed, concentrically striate. Beaks central,
prominent, turned sharply toward the front. Both margins faintly
angulated at a point down about one-fourth the distance from beak
to base; the posterior dorsal margin the higher and more regularly
curved; the anterior dorsal margin shorter and less regular; anterior
extremity and base evenly rounded; posterior extremity somewhat
truncate. Lunule rather narrow, separated from disk by impressed
line and a more or less elevated carina; posterior area broadly
grooved, extending from beak to extremity, separated from disk by

58 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

a faint carina and groove. Surface sculptured by fine regular incre-
mental lines and a few faint irregularities of growth. Hinge not
exposed in type but believed to be similar to P. childreni Gray.

DimeThsions. — Longitude 75 mm.; latitude 75 mm.; diameter of
both valves 28 mm.

Notes. — This species, which is not rare in many of the Vaqueros
(lower Miocene) faunas of the Coast Ranges and is believed to extend
to the upper Miocene and possibly lower Pliocene, is characterized by
its large size, circular outline, slight angulation dorsally, compressed
disk, prominent lunule and dorsal areas, and finely concentrically
striate but otherwise unsculptured surface. It is closely allied to P.
childreni Gray, the type of the subgenus, from the Gulf of California,
but may be distinguished by its shorter lunule and relatively greater
breadth. The species is named in honor of the Santa Cruz Mountains,
where it is quite abimdant in the Vaqueros formation.

Typg.— Catalogue No. 165569, U.S.N.M., from locality 4861, Coa-
linga district.

Localities. — ^Mindego Creek (L. S. J. U. locality 12) Santa Cruz
Mountains, San Mateo County (Ralph Arnold) ; United States Geo-
logical Survey locaUty 4861, sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 18 E., in "reef bed''
one-fourth of a mile southeast of Barton's cabin. Devils Den district,
Kern County (O. D. Barton; Ralph Arnold). Lower Miocene.

Fernando and Newhall, Los Angeles County (Ralph Arnold).
Upper Miocene or lower Pliocene.

Horizon. — Lower Miocene to upper Miocene and possibly lower
Pliocene.

Genus SEPTIFER Recluz.

Septifer coalingensis n. sp.

Plate V, figure 4.

Description. — Shell averaging about 45 millimeters in length,
wedge-shaped, slender, convex, radially striate. Beaks subterminal,
curved, sharp, anterior margin moderately concave, slightly angular
at about middle; posterior margin considerably more curved than
the anterior, slightly angulated opposite angle in anterior margin;
base slightly convex, moderately abruptly trimcated at right angles
to margins on both sides. Surface sculptured by numerous regular,
close-set small rounded radiating ribs and a considerable number of
prominent lines of growth; all of the specimens examined are more
or less decorticated and show the radial sculpture around the pe-
riphery only ; the sculpture in the younger stages of growth is believed
to be coarser than that in the later stages. Hinge without teeth,
furnished with a lamellar septum; ligamental pits linear, marginal.

VAQUEROS SPECIES. 59

Dimensions, — Longitude 45 mm.; latitude 18.5 mm.; diameter of
both valves together, 18 mm.

Notes, — This unique species is characterized by its slender form,
regularly convex surface, and fine radial sculpture. It is closely allied
to the recent S, hifurcatus Reeve (range, San Francisco to Lower Cali-
fornia), but is narrower, inore falcate, and more regularly but less
markedly convex. It is much larger, narrower, less angulate, and
finer sculptured than the Tejon (Eocene) 8, dichotomus Gabb.

Type.— Catalogue No. 165580, U.S.N.M.

Locality, — United States Geological Survey locality No. 4634, hill
south of oil well in the NE. J sec. 12, T. 21 S., R. 14 E., 3 miles
southwest of Coalinga (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Horizon, — Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

GASTEROPODA.
Genus TROPHON Montfort.
Subgenus FORRERIA Jousseaume, 1880.
v-/ Trophon (Forreria) bartoni n. sp.

Plate VII, figure 3.

Description, — Shell averaging about 50 millimeters in length, spire
elevated, canal long and narrow, whorls angular and prominently
spinose. Whorls three or four, sharply angular a short distance below
middle; upper surface smooth and nearly flat, lower surface vertical
or sloping slightly inward, suture distinct and wavy. Sculpture con-
sists of about seven prominent, straight, sharp spines on the angle of
each whorl; each spine is continued below into a more or less promi-
nently forward-flexing nodose varix, the nodes being formed by the
crossing of several (seven on the body whorl of the type) ridges; faint
lines of growth and minor spiral ridges also adorn the shell. Aper-
ture ovate; canal moderately long and slightly recurved.

Dimensions, — Of imperfect type, altitude 33 mm. ; latitude 40 mm. ;
altitude of aperture, not including canal, 17 mm.

Notes, — This species is doubtless closely allied to T, (Forreria)
Jcemensis F. M. Anderson, described from the Vaqueros formation on
Kern River. It may, however, be distinguished from the latter by
its longer and sharper varices, broader outline, and more prominent
varices and spiral ridges. It is named in honor of Prof. Orlando D.
Barton, Dudley, Cal., to whom the writer is under the deepest obli-
gations for assistance rendered during various expeditions in the
region of his home.

Typ^.— Catalogue No. 165571, U.S.N.M., from locahty 4861.

60 PALEONTOLOGY OP COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNU.

Localities. — United States Geological Survey locality 4803, " reef
bed " about 200 feet stratigraphically above the Eocene unconfonnity
on Laval grade, 9 miles north of Coalinga, SW. J sec. 21, T. 19 S.,
R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold; H. R. Johnson; Frank Stokes, jr.); locality
4861, "reef bed'' in NW. J sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 18 E., near Barton's
cabin (O. D. Barton; Ralph Arnold).

Horizon, — Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

Trophon (Forreria) gabbianum F. M. Anderson var. cancella-

RioiDES n. var.

Plate VI, figure 6.

Notes. — ^As is indicated by the figures, T. gcibhianum^ is a most vari-
able species. The specimen from Wagon Wheel Mountain (PI. V,
fig. 5) superficially resembles a Siphonaliaj exhibits practically spine-
less upper whorls, a prominent overlapping carina on the upper por-
tion of the whorl and the characteristic spiral sculpture, best
developed below the angle. The individual obtained near Barton's
cabin (PI. VI, fig. 5) suggests a CanceUaria, has numerous sharply
angular, well-defined spiny whorls, in addition to the peculiar spiral
sculpture. This latter characteristic, together with certain other
points of detail, at once disclose the identity of the various mutations.
In recognition of the resemblance of the extremely nodose or spiny
form to a CanceUaria the varietal name canceUarioides is proposed.

Type of variety. — Catalogue No. 165605, U.S.N.M., locality 4861.

Figured specimen of typical form. — Catalogue No. 165572, locality
4860.

Localities. — United States Geological Survey locality 4860, ''reef
bed," Wagon Wheel Mountain, Devils Den district, Kern County,
NW. J sec. 36, T. 25 S., K. 18 E.; locaUty 4861, ''reef bed" in NW. J
sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 18 E., near Barton's cabin, 6 miles south of
Dudley (Ralph Arnold; O.D.Barton; H.R.Johnson); type locality,
Laval grade, 9 miles north of Coalinga (F. M. Anderson).

Horizon. — Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

Genus CANCELLARIA Lamarck
\ Cancellaria andersoni n. sp.

Plate IX, figure 5.

1905. Purpura lima F. M. Anderson (not of Martyn), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d
ser., Geology, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 202, pi. 15, figs. 62-63.

Description. — Shell attaining a length of over 20 millimeters,
broadly oval in outline, the last whorl much larger than the antece-
dent ones, surface cancellate. Whorls four, convex and angular, with

a Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 203, pi. 16, figs. 79, 80.

VAQTJEROS SPECIES. 61

exception of body whorl, which is, with the exception of a faint tabu-
lation, regularly ventricose and relatively smooth. Penultimate and
earlier whorls sculptured by several (10 in the penultimate whorl)
prominent rounded varices which become obsolete above angle; the
body whorl is only faintly axially ribbed, if at all, but is spirally
sculptured, the latter sculpture becoming subdued or obsolete in the
upper whorls; suture distinct. Aperture oblong; outer lip simple;
inner lip incrusted, smooth, with a prominent callus posteriorly;
colimiella with two prominent oblique spiral plaits.

Dimensions. — Longitude 21 mm.; latitude 12 mm.; longitude of
spire above body whorl, 3.5 mm.

Notes, — This species is characterized by its inornate body whorl
and strongly sculptured upper whorls, and is easily distinguished by
these characters from the other west coast species. Mr. Anderson
was probably unable to imcover the columella of his specimen, else his
generic determination would not have been as quoted. .

Named in honor of Mr. Frank M. Anderson, Berkeley, Cal., to
whom we are indebted for so many paleontologic data concerning
both the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of the Pacific coast.

Ti/jP^.— Catalogue No. 165607, U.S.N.M., from locality 4631.

Localities, — United States Geological Survey locality 4631, Turn-
teUa ocoyana bed in SE. i NE. isec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., 10 miles
north of Coalinga (James H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold) ; Kern River,
Vaqueros locality, Kern County (F. M. Anderson).

Horizon. — Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

Genus PLEUROTOMA Lamarck.
Subgenus BATHYTOMA.
y Pleurotoma (Bathytoma) pieroei n. sp.

Plate IX, figure 7.

Description. — Shell averaging about 50 millimeters in length, tur-
riculated, fusiform. Whorls probably about six (type d6collet6)
moderately prominently angulated about middle of whorl; posterior
surface slightly concave, anterior surface prominently convex; the
convexity of the posterior portion of the body whorl is most pro-
nounced just back of the angle; body whorl regularly rounded below.
Surface of whorls faintly spirally sculptured below; lines of growth
are also visible in well-preserved specimens. Suture impressed, dis-
tinct. Aperture and canal imperfect but believed to be similar to
B, carpenteriana.

Dimensions, — ^Longitude of imperfect type 38 mm.; latitude
19.6 mm. ; longitude of restored spire above body whorl about 16 mm.

Notes, — B, piercei at once suggests the group of which B, carpen-
terianxi Gabb is by far the commonest west coast representative; it

62 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

may be distinguished from the latter by its relatively shorter vrhoris,
much higher angle, and consequently shorter posterior portion of
whorl; the suture is usually better marked in B, piercei than in

B. carpenterianaj owing to the greater convexity of the basal portion
of the whorl in the former species. B. piercei may be distinguished
from B, carpenteriana var. femandoana Arnold, from the Fernando
formation (probably Pliocene portion), by its more acute spire and
the higher position of the revolving angle on each whorl. B. piercei
bears practically the same relation to B. carpenteriana that 3, Iceepi
Arnold, from the Vaqueros (lower Miocene) of the Santa Monica
Mountains, bears to the recent B, tryoniana Gabb.

The species is named in honor of James II. Pierce, superintendent
Standard Oil Company, Coalinga, Cal., whose work among the fossilif-
erous locaUties of the Coalinga district has been of the utmost assist-
ance to the .writer.

Type. — Specimen from which lower portion of body whorl has been
broken, catalogue No. 165578, U.S.N.M.

Locality, — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4631, TurriteOa
ocoyana bed in the SE. i NE. i sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., 10 miles
north of CoaUnga (James H. Pierce and Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. — Near top of Vaqueros formation, lower Miocene.

Genus CONUS Linnaeus.

V/ CONUS HAYESI n. sp.
Plate VI, figure 3.

Description. — Shell averaging over 60 millimeters in length, obeonic,
whorls enrolled upon themselves, the spire short, tapering slightly
more acutely in the younger stages of growth, shell thick. Spire ele-
vated about one-twelfth of the length of shell above body whorl;
whorls about seven, nearly flat, but showing a faint carina posteriorly
next to suture; the type shows faint traces of three or four spiral
lines; body whorl moderately sharply angulated and carrying a faint
sutural carina, sides straight. Aperture long and narrow; the imper-
fect condition of the type prevents a full description of the aperture
and canal.

Dimensions. — ^Longitude 60 mm.; latitude 44 mm.; altitude of
spire 5 mm.

Notes. — C. Jiayesi closely resembles both the recent Gulf of Cali-
fornia species C. fergusoni Sowerby and the tropical west American

C. purpuraceus Broderip. It is relatively broader and slightly less
sharply angulated than the former and is spirally sculptured abovei
while it has a less elevated spire and more sharply angulated body
whorl than the latter. The species is supposed to be characteristic
of the Vaqueros or lower Miocene horizon. It is named in honor of
C. Willard Hayes, chief geologist. United States Geological Survey.

JAOALITOS SPECIES. 63

Localities. — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4626, "reef
bed'' on Wagon Wheel Mountain, Kem County, 10 miles south of
Dudley; locality 4861, ''reef bed" in sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 18 E.,
near Barton's cabin, which is in the NW. i sec. 23, Kings County
(O. D. Barton; Ralph Arnold); (?)E1 Toro, Orange County (Delos
Arnold; Stephen Bowers).

Horizon. — ^Vaqueros sandstone, lower Miocene.

JACALITOS (EARLY UPPER MIOCENE) SPECIES.

ECHINODERMATA.
Genus ASTRODAPSIS Conrad.

V AsTRODAPSIS JACALITOSENSIS n. Sp.

Plate XV, figure 5.

Description. — Specimen similar in general aspects to A. whitneyi
R6mond, but distinguished by its larger size (sometimes 80 milli-
meters in maximum diameter), and oblong instead of circular outline;
the petals are also less prominently elevated and broader in jacaJi-
tosensis than in the latter.

Dimensions. — Maximum diameter 80 mm.; minimum diameter 70
mm.; maximum latitude of petals 12 mm.

Notes. — As this form has a definite stratigraphic value, being so far
as known confined to the Jacalitos formation, it has been deemed
worthy of a specific name, although its close relationship to the pre-
viously described A. whitneyi is freely admitted. In the Coalinga
district A. whitneyi (see PL XI, fig. 1) is found in the Santa Marga-
rita(?) formation (upper middle Miocene), while A. jacalitosensis
occurs in the Jacalitos formation, which lies stratigraphically above
the Santa Margarita(?). Merriam" states that in the Mount Diablo
region A. whitneyi probably occurs in the upper beds of the San
Pablo formation, which would correspond to the Etchegoin of the
Coalinga district. This discrepancy between the horizons in which
A. whitneyi occurs in the two regions is worthy of further study.
For a fuller discussion of the stratigraphic relations of the various
west American sea urchins the reader is referred to papers on this
subject by J. C. Merriam,^ C. E. Weaver,^ and R. W. Pack.^

o I*roc. California Acad. ScL, 3d ser., Geology, vol. 1, p. 167.

b The distribution of the Neocene sea urchins of middle California and its bearing on the classification of
the Neocene formations: Bull. Dept. Geology Univ. California, vol. 2, May, 1898, pp. 109-118. The Tertiary
sea urchins of middle California: Proc. California Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 1, March 6, 1899, pp. 161-
174, pis. 21-22.

c New echinoids from the Tertiary of California: Bull. Dept. Geology Univ. California, vol. 5, 1909, pp.
271-274, pis. 21-22.

(f Notes on echinoids from the Tertiary of California: Bull. Dept. Geology Univ. California, vol. 5,
July, 1909, pp. 275-283, pis. 23-24.

64 PALEONTOLOGY O^ COALtNGA DISTRICT^ CALIFORNIA.

Type.— Catalogue No. 165610, U.S.N.M., from locality 4745.

Localities. — U. S. Geological Survey locality 4654, on Jacalitos
Creek, one-half mile above the junction with Jasper Creek, on south
side of sec. 1, T. 22 S., R. 14 E. (A. E. Preston; Ralph Arnold);
locality 4745, on ridge southeast of Garza Creek, in sec. 2, T. 23 S.,
R. 16 E., Kings County (Ralph Arnold).

Horizon, — Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

PELECYPODA.

Genus PANOPEA Menard.

Panopea estrellana Conrad.

Plate XV, figure 1.

1867. Glycymeria estrellana Conrad, Pacific R. R. Repts., vol. 7, 1857, p. 194, pi. 7,
figs. 5, 5a.

1869. Glycymeris generosa Gould, Gabb, Pal. California, vol. 2, p. 89, California
Miocene records only.

1888. Glycymeris generosa Gould, Cooper, Seventh Ann. Rept. California State Miner-
alogist, 1888, p. 241, California Miocene records only.

1898. Panopea estrellanus Conrad, Dall, Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3, pt. 4,
1898, p. 830, California Miocene records only.

Notes, — Comparisons of the type of this species (catalogue 13320
U.S.N.M.) with specimens from the Coalinga district show the type
to be smaller, relatively narrower, and with the beaks much more
anterior to the middle of the shell than in P. generosa Goidd; P.
estrellana may be distinguished from P. ahrupta Conrad by its longer
posterior extremity and more steeply sloping dorsal anterior margin.

Figured specimen, — Catalogue No. 165568, U.S.N.M., from locality
4765.

Localities, — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4765, just
east of Ramirez place at forks of Jacalitos Creek, Coalinga district,
Fresno County, on west side of center of SW. J sec. 6, T. 22 S., R.
15 E. (Ralph Arnold) ; Estrella Valley, San Luis Obispo County, Cali-
fornia (Pacific R. R. Expl. Exped.) ; ?Walnut Creek, Contra Costa
County, ?Foxin's, Santa Barbara County (Cooper).

Horizon. — Upper half of the Miocene.

Genus MACOMA Leach.

Maooma sp. a.

Plate XV, figure 3.

Notes. -This species, which is characterized by its short form,
steeply sloping dorsal margins, and angulated anterior extremity, is
believed to be characteristic of the Jacalitos, The material is in too

JACALITOS SPECIES. 65

poor a state of preservation to permit a specific diagnosis warranting
a name.

Specimen figured. — Catalogue No. 165588, U.S.N.M.

Locality, — United States Geological Survey locality 4763, 200 yards
north of Jacalitos Creek crossing on Stone Canyon and Coalinga road
14 miles southwest of Coalinga (Ralph Arnold and Frank Stokes, jr.).

Horizon. — Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

V Macoma jacalitosana n. sp.

Plate XVI, figure 2.

Description. — Shell attaining a length of 70 millimeters, oblong,
attenuated posteriorly, inflated, inequivalve, inequilateral, surface
smooth. Beaks slightly anterior to middle, small, tumid, curved
slightly forward; anterior extremity regularly roimded; posterior dor-
sal margin only slightly curved, sloping more steeply from beak than
anterior dorsal margin; posterior extremity moderately sharply trun-
cated near base of shell, posterior surface of right valve flexed into
a prominent carina or fold which extends from the beak to the pos-
terior angle at base; the carina being separated from the dorsal
margin by a space equal in width to nearly one-third the width of
the shell; base line curved to conform to flexure of disk, otherwise
nearly straight; left Valve flexed downward and with carina less
prominent and nearer dorsal margin than in right. Surface sculptured
by fijie sharp incremental lines and occasional lines of interrupted
growth.

Dimensions. — ^Longitude 70 mm.; latitude 46 mm.; diameter of
right valve, 15 mm.

Notes. — M. jacalitosan/i belongs to the same general group as M. na-
suta Conrad (range lower Miocene to Recent) but is very much more
inflated, narrower posteriorly, and carries the posterior carina or fold
much farther below the dorsal margin than the latter. It is named for
the Jacalitos formation, of which it is believed to be characteristic.

Type. — ^Nearly perfect right valve, catalogue No. 156613, U.S.N.M.

Locality. — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4765, just east
of Ramirez place at junction of Jacalitos Creek and Jasper Creek,
east of Reef Ridge, on west side of center of SW. \ sec. 6, T. 22 S.,
R. 15 E., about 2,000 feet stratigraphically below summit of forma-
tion (Ralph Arnold; H. R. Johnson; W. H. Kerr).

Horizon. — Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

V Macoma vanvlecki n. sp.

Plate XII, figure 2; Plate XVI, figure 1.

Description. — Shell averaging between 50 and 60 millimeters in
length, elongate oval, attenuated anteriorly, beaks anterior, inequi-

88866— Bull. 396—09 5

66 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

valve, tumid, the left valve much more tumid than the right and
having the anterior extremity flexed upward instead of downward.
Beak, small and not prominent, located a little over two-fifths the
length of shell from anterior extremity; anterior dorsal margin
faintly angulated in middle, sloping steeply downward from beak
toward extremity which is sharply angulated at a point somewhat
below the horizontal medial Une of the valve; posterior extremity
nearly straight; posterior extremity curved, the point of greatest
convexity occurring above middle line of valve; base slightly curved
and practically parallel with posterior dorsal margin except for faint
convex curve caused by the flexing of the valve; a prominent angle
joins the beaks and the anterior extremity; in the left valve this
angle flexes upward, in the right valve downward. Surface smooth
except for fine incremental lines. Hinge unknown.

Dimensions. — Longitude 54 mm.; latitude 31.5 mm.; diameter,
right valve, 7 mm.; left valve, 12 mm.

Notes. — M. vanvlecki is more closely related to M. indentata Ca.r-
penter (living from San Pedro to San Diego), than to any other mem-
ber of this genus from the west coast, but may be distinguished by
its narrower outline, relatively longer anterior extremity, and less
show of flexuosity on the anterior ventral margin. It is believed to
be a characteristic species of the Jacalitos formation. It is named
in honor of Robert Van Vleck Anderson, Menlo Park, Cal., the
writer^s collaborator in the Coalinga and Santa Maria oil districts.

Type.—Catalogae No. 165576, U.S.N.M. from locality 4763.

Localities. — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4763, 200
yards north of Jacalitos Creek crossing on Stone Canyon-Coalinga
road, 14 miles southwest of Coalinga (Ralph Arnold; Frank Stokes,
jr.) ; locality No. 4765, just east of Ramirez place on forks of Jacalitos
Creek, a short distance below Reef Ridge, on west side of center of
SW. i sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 15 E., about 2,000 feet stratigraphically
below summit of formation (H. R, Johnson; Ralph Arnold; W. H.
Kerr); northwest end of Elkhom Plain, 1 mile south of Whitens
(Ralph Arnold).

Horizon, — JacaUtos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

Genus PAPHIA Bolten.
s Paphia jacalitosensis n. sp.

Plate XVI, figure 3.

Description. — Shell attaining an altitude of over 50 millimeters,
subcircular in outline, compressed, concentrically and finely radiately
sculptured. Beaks small, turned sharply forward, situated about
one-third the length from anterior to posterior extremity; both

JACALITOS SPECIES. 67

anterior and posterior margins and base regularly rounded. Lunule
small; impressed. Surface sculptured by numerous equidistant
slightly elevated concentric laminae and numerous fine, close-set
radiating raised lines. Hinge and interior not visible.

DiTnensions. — ^Longitude 55 mm.; altitude 57 mm.; diameter of
both valves together, 24 mm.

Notes, — This species is readily distinguishable by its moderate size,
circular outline, compressed form, and rather inconspicuous radiating
sculpture. It is named for the Jacalitos formation, of which it is
believed to be characteristic.

TVp^.— Catalogue No. 165587, U.S.N.M.

Locality. — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4765, on
Ramirez place at forks of Jacalitos Creek a short distance northeast
of Reef Ridge, on west side of center of SW. i sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 15 E.
(Ralph Arnold) .

Horizon, — ^Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

Genus DOSINIA Scopoli.

^ DOSINIA JACALITOSANA n. Sp.
Plate XVI, figure 5.

Description, — Shell attaining a length of nearly 100 millimeters,
subovate, equivalve, rather inflated, beaks anterior, surface concen-
trically sculptured. Beak about one-sixth the length from anterior
end, tumid, turned prominently forward; posterior dorsal margin
regularly rounded; posterior extremity more sharply curved; ante-
rior dorsal margin short, excavated in front for a deep broad lunule;
anterior extremity short, narrow and regularly roimded; base
moderately curved. Surface sculptured by numerous, regular, low
rounded concentric ridges. Hinge unknown.

Dimensions, — ^Longitude 95 mm.; latitude 83 mm.; diameter of
single valve 23 mm.

Notes. — ^The hinge of this species is not exposed, but from the
characteristic, glazed, concentrically sculptured surface it seems
almost certain that it is a Dosinia. It is characterized by its great
size, elongate outline, anterior beak and glazed, concentrically ridged
surface.

D, jacalitosana is much larger, very much more elongated, and has,
on the whole, finer concentric sculpture than D. mathewsonii Gabb
from the lower Miocene; it is very much larger and more elongate and
has more numerous concentric lines than D. conradi Gabb (D, alta of
Conrad) ; it differs from D. montana Conrad, from the Salinas Valley,
by its larger size, much more elongated outline and more gibbous
disk; it differs from D. ponder osa Gray by its much more elongated

68 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

outline, more anterior beak, deeper and broader lunule, and usually
more inflated disk. '*Z>. longula Conrad/' which is from the '*bed of
Salinas River'' is probably a Callista; D. subobliqua Conrad, of which
the type was not examined but of which there is a figure in the
Pacific Railroad Reports (vol. 7, pi. 6, fig. 5), is probably a Chione,
possibly C. temblorensis.

The species is named for the Jaealitos formation, of which it is
beheved to be characteristic.

Type.— Catalogue No. 165575, U.S.N.M.

Locality. — ^United States Geological Survey locahty 4763, 20O
yards north of Jacahtos Creek on the Stone Canyon and Coalinga
road, on the flanks of Waltham Valley, 14 miles southwest of Coalinga
(Ralph Arnold and Frank Stokes, jr.).

Horizon. — Jaealitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

Genus THRACIA (Leach) Blainville.

Thracia jacalitosana n. sp.

Plate XVI, figure 4.

Description, — Shell averaging about 50 milUmeters in length,
oblong, only sUghtly inflated, subequivalve, inequilateral. Beak
small, subcentral; posterior extremity sUghtly shorter than anterior;
obhquely truncated, dorsal posterior margin rather short, concave,
joins posterior line of truncation in angle sUghtly greater than 90°;
a distinct ridge joins the beak and lower posterior angle; base regu-
larly rounded; anterior extremity angulated above where the low
sloping dorsal margin meets the rounded anterior periphery; the
extreme anterior end is sUghtly below the horizontal medial Une of
sheU. Sculpture consists of incremental lines and, near the base, of
very faint smaU concentric undulations. Hinge and interior un-
known.

Dimensions. — Of somewhat imperfect type, longitude 51 mm.;
latitude 44 mm. ; diameter of single valve, 8 mm.

Notes. — This pecuUar sheU recalls both Thracia and Panomya, the
external characters of both apparently being united in it. A careful
examination, however, leaves Uttle doubt as to which group it prop-
erly belongs, and it is placed provisionally with Thracia. It differs
from T. trapezoides Conrad by* its much broader outUne, shorter and
broader posterior extremity, and shorter and more concave dorsal
posterior margin; the posterior flexure or angle is not as well devel-
oped in T. jacalitosana as in T. trapezoides. It is named for the
JacaUtos formation, of which it is believed to be characteristic.

Type. — ^An imperfect left valve, catalogue No. 165579, U.S.N.M.

Locality. — United States Geological Survey locality 4763, on
Stone Canyon and CoaUnga road 200 yards north of JacaUtos Creek'

■■

JAOALITOS SPECIES. 69

crossing, 14 miles southwest of Coalinga (Ralph Arnold and Frank
Stokes, jr.).

Horizon. — Jacahtos formation, lower portion of upper Miocene.

GASTEROPODA.
Genus MARGARITA Leach.
'^ Margarita johnsoni n. sp.

Plate XV, figure 6.

Description, — Shell attaining an altitude of 6 millimeters, globular-
conical, umbihcated, spirally sculptured, apex subacute. Whorls
four, sUghtly convex, ornamented by several (five on penultimate
whorl of type) prominent, regular, equidistant, rounded threadUke
spiral ridges and numerous fine sharp regular equidistant incremental
Hnes which slope obUquely downward to the right. Suture im-
pressed, rather inconspicuous. Body whorl faintly angular, orna-
mented on base by five or six spiral ridges only very sUghtly less
prominent than those on sides of whorls. Aperture rounded; lips
simple; umbiUcus perforate.

Dimensions. — ^Altitude 6 mm. ; latitude 6.2 mm. ; altitude of body
whorl 5 mm.

Notes. — M. johnsoni is aUied to M. pupiUa Gould (Recent range
Alaska to Puget Sound), but may be distinguished by its smaller
size, less convex whorls, less conspicuous suture, and much coarser
but fewer spiral lines on base. The species is easily distinguishable
from LeptotJiyra by its higher spire, perforate umbiUcus, and more
prominent obUque incremental sculpture. BeUeved to be character-
istic of the Jacahtos formation. It is named in honor of Mr. Harry
Roland Johnson, of the U. S. Geological Survey.

Type.— Catalogue No. 165663, U.S.N.M.

Locality. — United States Geological Survey locahty 4765, on Jasper
Creek just above its confluence with Jacahtos Creek, on west side
of center of SW. i sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 15 E. About 2,000 feet strati-
graphically below summit of formation. One of typical Jacalitos
localities (Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. — Jacalitos formation, lower part of upper Miocene.

Genus THAIS Link.
^ Thais kettlemanensis n. sp.

Plate XV, figure 4; Plate XXI, figures 1 and la.

Description. — Shell about 85 milhmeters in length, broadly fusiform
in outline, spire moderately elevated, surface sharply spirally sculp-
tured. Whorls five, ventricose, faintly angulated in the middle and

70 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

carrying about nine low rounded nodes whicli become obsolete a
short distance above and below the angle; body whorl somewhat
more tabulated above than the others. The sculpture consists of
three systems of prominent, squarish revolving ridges; on the body
whorl there are two ridges of the major system above the angle, one
Une on it and seven equidistant Knes below it; between each pair of
these major ridges is a sUghtly less prominent ridge, and between each
of these secondary ridges and each major ridge is still a smaUer one ;
a prominent wavy sulcated sutural ridge adorns the top of the
whori; imbricating lamellae of growth are prominent over much of
the surface, especially on the sutural riblet. Suture distinct, wavy.
Aperture oval, narrowed anteriorly; canal open, slightly recurved;
outer Up advanced anteriorly; inner lip smooth, reflected anteriorly;
umbiUcus wide, rough with Unes of growth.

Dimensions. — Type, from which a part of the columella is broken:
Altitude, 82 mm.; latitude, 58 mim.; altitude of body whorl, 65 mm.;
altitude of aperture, including canal, 45 mm.; latitude of aperture,
25 nmi.

Notes. — This magnificent species, is quite different from any other
fossil found in the CoaUnga district, and may be readily recognized
by its large size, broadly fusiform outUne, low nodes, and sharp
spiral ridges. T. Jcettlemanensis ranges throughout the JacaUtos
formation, the type coming from beds at the extreme top of the
Jacahtos or the base of the Etchegoin. At the type locaUty it was
associated with no other species.

Several specimens, beUeved to be the yoimg of this species, were
found at locaUties 4763 and 4765. They show the characteristic
spiral sculpture and sutural riblet exhibited by the type, and in
addition indicate that the upper whorls are crossed by prominent
rounded varices, about 15 to a whorl, and about 8 strong rounded
revolving lines. These young specimens suggest Chrysodomus in
general appearance, although the adult form bears only a remote
resemblance to this genus. Thais was formerly known as Purpura.

Tj/pg.— Catalogue No. 165585, U.S.N.M.

Localities. — United States Geological Survey locaUty 4680, on
plungLQg anticline in central part of Kettleman Hills, 2i miles south-
west of point where the Dudley-Lemoore road enters Tulare Plain
(Ralph Arnold); locaKty 4763, 200 yards north of JacaUtos Creek
on the Stone Canyon-Coahnga road, 14 miles southwest of CoaUnga
(Ralph Arnold and Frank Stokes, jr.); locaUty 4765, on Jasper Creek
just above confluence with JacaUtos Creek northeast of Reef Ridge,
on west side of center of SW. J sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph
Arnold).

Horizon. — JacaUtos formation to basal Etchegoin, upper middle
Miocene to upper Miocene. v

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. Yl

ETCHEGOIN (UPPERMOST MIOCENE) SPECIES.

PELECYPODA.
Genus CRYPTOMYA Conrad.

J Cryptomya quadrata n. sp.

Plate XXI, figures 2 and 2a.

Description. — Shell averaging about 35 millimeters in length, sub-
quadrate in outline, width about four-fifths the length, inequivalve,
compressed, moderately thin. Beaks subcentral, small, very slightly
overlapping. Left valve with anterior extremity evenly rounded,
dorsal margin nearly straight, sloping only slightly; posterior ex-
tremity rectangularly truncated, the line of truncation joining dorsal
and ventral margins in rounded right angles; beak and posterior ex-
tremity joined by a low broad sulcation. Right valve with shorter
and more steeply sloping dorsal margin, and somewhat more convex
surface than left; sulcation not as prominently developed as in left.
Surface of both valves prominently sculptured with irregular incre-
mental lines and lamellse. Hinge and interior not observable,, but
believed, to be similar to C. calif omica Conrad.

Dimensions, — ^Longitude 35 mm.; latitude 28 mm.; diameter, both
valves, 12.5 mm.

Notes, — ^This species is characterized by its large size, subquadrate
outline, and posterior sulcation. It differs from C, ovalis Conrad by
its greater size, more rectangularly truncate posterior extremity and
less sloping dorsal margins; it differs from the recent O, calif omica
Conrad in the same way. C, ovalis has the anterior extremity evenly
rounded rather than subangular ventrally as in C. califomica, other-
wise the two are similar.

Typg.— Catalogue No. 165525, U.S.N.M.

Locality, — United States Geological Survey locality 4665, on south
side of White Creek, about 6 miles above junction with Los Gatos
Creek, Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold; Robert Anderson; E. P.
Davis) .

Horizon. — Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

Genus MACTRA Linnaeus.
\ Mactra coalingensis n. sp.

Plate XXV, figure 4.

Description. — Shell averaging about 52 millimeters in width, equi-
valve, trigonal in outline, rounded behind, slightly attenuated in
front; beaks not prominent, situated slightly anterior to middle of

72 PALEONTOLOGY OP COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

shell; anterior superior margin only slightly excavated in front of
beaks, nearly straight to anterior extremity, which is quite abruptly
tnmcated; posterior inferior margin slightly curved, and merging
imperceptibly into the regularly convex posterior extremity; basal
margin moderately curved. Hinge and cartilage areas concealed in
type, but believed to be similar to M,falcata Gould.

Dimensions, — Longitude 65 mm.; latitude 52 mm.; anterior ex-
tremity 30 mm.

Notes. — This species is closely related to M. falcata Gould from the
Recent fauna of the west coast, but may be distinguished by its rela-
tively broader outline and abruptly truncated anterior extremity. It
also bears some resemblance to Spisula albaria Conrad but is less
ventricose, relatively narrower and more attenuated, but more ab-
ruptly truncated in front. Named for the Coalinga district, in which
the type locality is situated.

rt/2^6.— Catalogue No. 165513, U.S.N.M., from locality 4806.

Localities. — United States Geological Survey locality 4665, on
south side of White Creek about 6 miles northwest of jimction with
Los Gatos Creek; locality 4762, three-fourths mile east of Elmer
Frame's place in Waltham Creek Valley, 13 miles southwest of
Coalinga; locality 4806, Glycymeris bed on the north side of Alcalde
Canyon, 2 miles northeast of Alcalde; center of SW. \ sec. 7, T. 21 S.,
R. 15 E.; all in the Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold and Robert
Anderson) .

Horizon. — Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

Genus TRANSENNELLA Dall.

Transennella californica n. sp.

Plate XXVI, figures 7 and 7a.

Description — Shell averaging between 5 and 6 millimeters in length,
trigonal, moderately convex, equivalve, concentrically sculptured.
Beaks prominent, somewhat anterior to the middle, turned forward;
anterior extremity rounded, the point of greatest curvature being the
extreme end; posterior extremity longer than the anterior and more
sharply curved at extreme end which lies below the middle of the*
shell; surface sculptured by numerous regularly spaced incised con-
centric lines. Lunule relatively large, bounded by a deeply impressed
line. Hinge of right valve consists of three cardinals, tlie middle one
the most prominent, bowed and situated immediately under the beak,
the anterior one very short, the posterior one straight and only
slightly inferior to the middle one; anterior sulcus short, deep, with a
prominent tooth or process on each side; a faint groove extends pos-
teriorly from the beak for one-third the length of shell. Internal
muscle and pallial impressions not visible in type.

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 73

Dimensions, — Longitude 5.5 mm.; latitude 4.2 mm.; diameter of
single valve, 1.2 mm.

Notes. — T, califomica is closely allied to T. tantilla Gould (formerly
known as Psephis id.), the two having practically the same surface
sculpture and general outline. T. califomica, however, has a per-
ceptibly shorter and less acute posterior extremity, a more prominent
beak, and a more deeply sulcated and more anteriorly located forward
cardinal tooth. The species is so far represented by but one specimen,
which, fortunately, is a beautifully preserved right valve. It is
named for the State of California.

ri/jp6.— Catalogue No. 165553, U.S.N.M.

Locality. — United States Geological Survey locality 4715, south
end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25 S'., R. 19 E. (O. D. Barton; H. R.
Johnson and Ralph Arnold) .

Horizon. — ^Upper Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

Genus MYTILUS (Linnaeus) Bolten.

Subgenus MYTILOCONCHA Conrad.

Mytilus (Mytiloconcha) coalingensis n. sp.

Plate XIX, figure 5; Plate XXII, figure 6.

Description. — Shell attaining an enormous size, over 200 milli-
meters in length, elongate-ovate in outline, falcate toward beaks,
gibbous, equivalve; surface comparatively smooth; shell moderately
thick; beaks prominent, terminal, acute, curved sharplj^^ forward;
posterior margin gently and regularly curved except for a faint sug-
gestion of an angle a little above middle; base only very slightly
curved; anterior margin gently and regularly concave; surface con-
vex, the angle or region of greatest convexity being somewhat an-
terior to the middle of the shell, thus causing the anterior slope of the
surface to be much steeper than the posterior; surface sculptured by
numerous fine lines of growth, radiating strige, and more or less con-
spicuous concentric irregularities. Apical region thickened, extended ;
cardinal area exceedingly long, its width being two-thirds of its
length, and carrying two ridges on the left valve and one on the right,
each ridge representing teeth in the younger stages of growth; hinge
area concentrically and radially sculptured; a deep triangular, longi-
tudinally sulcated pit occupies the space immediately back of the
ridged hinge area; a well-defined groove on the interior of the shell
corresponds to the angle on the surface.

Dimensions. — Longitude of fragment (type), 110 mm.; maximum
latitude 52 mm. ; maximum diameter 35 mm.

Notes. — This magnificent species is easily recognized by its elon-
gate falcate and longitudinally grooved and ridged apical region.

74 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFOBNU.

where this is visible. It is closely allied to the type of the subgenus,
if. (M.) incurvus Conrad, which occurs* in the Oligocene of Florida
and in the Miocene from New Jersey to South Carolina, but may be
distinguished from the latter by its greater size, broader outline, and
prominent muscle pit just anterior to the beaks. The occurrence of
these two closely allied and unique forms is one more piece of evi-
dence indicating closer relations between the Atlantic and Pacific
coast of North America during the upper Miocene than has as yet
been definitely recognized. M. (M,) coalingensis is broader and
more falcate toward the beaks than MytUus mathewsonii Gabb from
the lower Miocene: is relativelv narrower and more falcate than M.
mathewsonii var. expansus Arnold, from the lower Miocene; and
lacks the corrugations of M, caUfomicus Conrad, of the recent fauna.
It is common in the basal Etchegoin and may usually be taken as a
good horizon marker. No perfect specimen of the species is known,
the shells always being broken approximately in the middle or near
the beaks. It is named for the Coalinga district.

Type, — Fragment showiug upper portion of a right valve, cata-
logue No. 165551,U.S.N.M., from locality 4556.

Localities. — Jacalitos formation: Locality 4652, on point of ridge
three-fourths mile south-southwest of Alcalde, one -fourth mile
south of bend in road, Coalinga district, Fresno County, SE. J sec.
23, T. 21 S., R. 14 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson). Upper
middle Miocene.

Etchegoin formation : Locality 4656, lowest Etchegoin bed, SW. J
sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.; locality 4658, on Anticline Ridge, about
3i miles northwest of Kenny B. M.; locality 4660, Glycymeris bed
just northeast of West Coalinga Oil Company's well, 2 J miles
west of Coalinga; locality 4664, north side of White Creek, about
5 miles northwest of junction with Los Gatos Creek; locality 4671,
on Anticline Ridge, about 2 miles north of Kenny B. M., 7 miles
northeast of Coalinga; locality 4672, northeast nose of 1,200-foot
ridge, four-fifths mile north-northwest of prominent hill on south
side Alcalde Canyon, center of SE. J sec. 13, T. 21 S., R. 14 E.;
locality 4674, Glycymeris bed, halfway between Commercial Pe-
troleum and West Coalinga wells; locality 4688, middle of S. i
sec. 2, T. 20 S., R. 15 E.; locality 4693, south-central part Kettle-
man Hills, about 9| miles northwest of Light's place, SW. J NE. J
sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 E.; locality 4715, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E., at
south end Kettleman Hills; locality 4749, station ^'f, '' on ridge on
south side of Garza Creek about 1 imle from Kettleman Plain, in
NE. J sec. 1, T. 23 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4750, station "g,'' about

one-half mile northeast of locality 4749, SW. J sec. 36, T. 22 S., R.

a Dall, W. H., Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3, pt. 4, pp. 789-790.

wtm

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 75

16 E.; locality 4758, bed C, near top of section at Henry Spring,.
4 miles south of Coalinga, SW. i sec. 18, T. 21 S., R. 15 E.; locality
4806, Olycymeris bed, on north side of Alcalde Canyon, 2 miles
northeast of Alcalde, center of SW. J sec. 7, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph
Arnold and Robert Anderson). Several localities in eastern
Monterey County (Homer Hamlin and Ralph Arnold). Upper
Miocene.

Horizon, — ^Upper half of the Miocene, Jacalitos, and Etchegoin
formations, usually in the basal Etchegoin.

Genus PLACUNANOMIA « Broderip.

/ Placunanomia californica n. sp.

Plate XXIV, figures 2, 2a, and 3.

Description, — Shell averaging about 65 millimeters in length, sub-
circular in outline, inequivale, compressed. Right valve irregular,
somewhat convex, the surface sculptured by numerous small, thread-
like, rugose, radiating ridges and several laminae of growth; byssal
foramen, though closed, leaves an oblique semicovered pit near the
beak; two strong elevated rough crests — the auricular crura — di-
verge from the beak at a very acute angle; immediately behind the
auricular crura is the broadly V-shaped scar of the byssal muscle,
on each side of which is a deeply impressed groove, and in the mid-
dle of which is an oblique V-shaped pit which was once connected
with the external pit forming the byssal foramen; adductor scar sub-
circular to irregular and equal in diameter to over one-third the
length of shell. Left valve flat to slightly concave; surface sculpture
similar to but less prominent than that of right valve; a broad V-
shaped socket, into which the crura of the right valve fits, occupies
the area below the beaks; adductor scar same as in right valve.

Dimensions, — ^Altitude 66 mm.; latitude 60 mm.; diameter of
both valves together, 17 mm.

Notes, — ^This rare shell, of which the type, paratype, and a frag-
ment are the only specimens so far known, is characterized by the
elevated auricular crura of the right valve and V-shaped socket of
the left. Its external sculpture is quite similar to certain specimens
of Pododesmus (Monia) mdcroschisma Deshayes, found Recent and
fossil on the Pacific coast. The only other member of the genus
Placunanomia on the Pacific coast is the Recent P. cumingi Reeve,
of the Recent Gulf of California province, which is characterized by
one or two very strong plications. P, californica is thinner and more
nearly circular in outline than P, plicata Tuomey and Holmes, of the
upper Miocene of the Carolinas; it also has radial sculpture, which

a See Dall, W. 11., Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3, pt. 4, pp. 770-771, for description of this genus.

76 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

is lacking in the latter. It is named in honor of the State of
California.

Type. — Right valve, catalogue No. 165546, U.S.N.M.

Paratype. — ^Left valve, same number.

Locality. — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4715, south
end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E., Coalinga district.
(O. D. Barton; Ralph Arnold.)

Horizon. — ^Upper portion, Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

Genus PECTEN MiiUer.
Subgenus PLAGIOCTENroM DaU.

Pecten (Plagioctenium) deserti Conrad.

Plate XXVI, figures 3 and 4.

1855. Pecten deserti Conrad, Descr. Fob. and Shells, House Doc. 129, July, 1855, p. 15

{fide DaU).

1856. Pecten deserti Conrad, Pacific R. R. Repts., vol. 5, 1856, p. 325, pi. 5. fig. 41.
1888. Pecten deserti Conrad, Cooper, Seventh Ann. Rept. California State Mineralogist,

for 1887, p. 257.
1894. Pecten {Plagioctenium) deserti Conrad, DaU, Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci.,

vol. 3, pt. 4, 1898, p. 703.
1906. Pecten {Plagioctenium) deserti Conrad, Arnold, Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey

No. 47, 1906, p. 85, pi. 26, figs. 1, 2, 2a, 3, 4, and 4a.

Notes. — Some of the specimens of this species from the Kettleman
Hills (locality 4715) are indistinguishable from individuals from the
type locality on Carrizo Creek, San Diego County. The Kettleman
Hill Specimens vary in size considerably, the largest one in hand
attaining an altitude of over 50 millimeters. A prominent charac-
teristic which is developed in some of the Carrizo Creek shells, but is
more common in the Kettleman Hills individuals, is the occurrence
of one to three radiating lines or riblets in the bottom of each inter-
space or on the lower portions of the ribs in the later stages of growth.
There is also a noticeable tendency for the disks to become contracted
or show lines of interrupted growth from a diameter of about 25
millimeters upward.

Figured spedmens. — Catalogue No. 165518, U.S.N.M., from locality
4715.

Localities. — In the Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene, Coalinga
district, at United States Geological Survey locality 4712, east of
Zapato Creek, three-fourths mile south-southwest of A. Kreyen-
hagen's house, SW. i SE. i sec. 8, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. (Fresno County) ;
locaUty 4715, south end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E.
(Kings County) . In the Carrizo Creek beds, upper Miocene, San Diego

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 77

County, at east end of Carrizo Mountain, and at Ulsa oil well, north
of the Mexican boundary (Conrad; H. W. Fairbanks; S. Bowers;
W. C. Mendenhall).

Horizon, — ^Upper Miocene.

Subgenus CHLAMYS Bolten.
Pecten (Chlamys) wattsi Arnold var. etchegoini F. M. Anderson.

1905. Pecten etchegoini Anderson, Proc. California Acad. Sci.,3d ser., Geology, vol.2,

p. 198, pi. 18, figs. 92-93, Dec. 4, 1905.

1906. Pecten {Chlamys) wattsi var. morani Arnold, Prof. Paper U. S. Geol. Survey

No. 47, 1906, pp. 121-122, pi. 10, figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6.

This variety is characterized by a lack of the concentric constric-
tions common in the typical form. As Anderson^s name antedates
the writer^s variety morani, it will have to replace the latter. (See
PI. XXVII, figs. 1 and 2, for typical P. wattsi Arnold.)

Localities, — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4712, east
side Zapata Creek, three-fourths liiile south-southwest of A. E^reyen-
hagen's house, Coalinga district, Fresno County, SW. J SE. J sec. 8,
T. 22 S., R. 16 E. (F. M. Anderson; Ralph Arnold and Robert Ander-
son). T. H. Moran's place, SW.'J sec. 14, T. 20 S., R. 12 E., Priest
Valley, Monterey County (Homer Hamlin and Ralph Arnold).

Genus OSTREA Linnaeus.

OSTREA VESPERTINA Courad.

Plate XXIV, figures 4 and 5.

1853. Ostrea vespertina Conrad, Jour. Philadelphia Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 2,

p. 300, Jan., 1853.
1856. Ostrea vespertina Conrad, Pacific R. R. Repts., vol. 5, p. 325-326, pi. 5, figs. 36,

37, 38.
1869. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Pal. California, vol. 2, pp. 34, 106, pi. 11, fig. 59.
1869. Ostrea vespertina Gabb, Pal. California, vol. 2, p. 107.
1888. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Cooper, Seventh Ann. Rept., California State Mineralogist,

p. 256.
1888. Ostrea vespertina Conrad, Cooper, ibid., p. 256.
1895. Ostrea haitensis Dall (not Sowerby, 1850), Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. 3,

pt. 4, p. 685 (California references only).

1907. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Arnold, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, June 15, 1907,

p. 544, pi. 49, fig. 1.
1907. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Arnold, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 309, Oct. 23, 1907,
p. 250, pi. 39, fig. 1, .

1907. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Arnold, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 50, pt. 4, Dec. 13,

1907, p. 445, pi. 56, fig. 10.

1908. Ostrea veatchii Gabb, Arnold, Bull. IT. S. Geol. Survey No. 322, Jan. 4, 1908,

p. 148, pi. 23, fig. 10.

78 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

Description. — ^This species attains a length of about 70 to 80 milli-
meters, and is characterized by its oblong to subfalcate outline,
sharply plaited surface of both valves, and more or less prominent
beaks.

Dimensions. — ^I^ongitude 50 mm.; latitude 38 mm.; diameter of
single valve, 17 mm.

Notes. — The writer can not agree with Dall * in assigning 0. vespertina
Conrad and 0. veatchii Gabb to the synonymy of 0. haitensis Sowerby,
although it is evident to the most casual observer that 0. vespertina
and 0. veatchii are the same species. The association of each of these
last two with faunas having several other species in common adds
weight to the argument that the beds on Carrizo Creek from which
0. vespertina were originally described, and the beds along the Pacific
coast of California and Lower California, where 0. veatchii are abun-
dant, are not far separated geologically.

An examination of the material in the United States National
Museum discloses the following facts as interpreted by the writer:
0. vespertina is smaller, relatively much narrower, and usually more
falcate in outline and carries plaits more regular in size and generally
fewer in number than 0. haitensis. The former occurs in the upper
Miocene and lower Pliocene on the Pacific coast, while the latter is
found in the Oligocene of the West Indies and Florida.

0. vespertina is, however, very closely allied to 0. sculpturata
Conrad, which occurs ^ in the Miocene from Virginia to Florida and
in the Pliocene of South Carolina and Florida. 0. vespertina is dis-
tinguished from 0. atwoodi Gabb, from the lower Etchegoin, by its
fewer but more prominent plications and by the sculptured condition
of both valves instead of one, as in the latter.

Specimens figured. — Catalogue No. 165536, U.S.N.M., from
locality 4715.

Localities. — Carrizo Creek, San Diego County, at localities 2673,
3921, and 3922 (W. C. Mendenhall; Stephen Bowers); near Camulos,
Ventura County (W. L. Watts); Coalinga district, Fresno, Kings,
and Kern counties; locality 4708, in Area bed, 4 miles southeast of
the northwest end of Kettleman Hills, east side of sec. 32, T. 21 S.,
R. 17 E.; locality 4711, in layer 50 feet above Area bed at same
locality as 4758; locality 4712, east of Zapato Creek, three-fourths
mile south-southwest of A. Kreyenhagen's house, SW. J SE. J sec. 8,
T. 22 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4715, south end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10,
T. 25 S., R. 19 E.; locahty 4722, in upper Mya bed, three-fourths
mile southeast of A. Kreyenhagen's, northwest comer of sec. 16,
T. 22 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4728, just below Anodonta bed, on north-
east border of Kettleman Hills, nearly 6 miles east-southeast of
northwest end of hills, in north part of sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.;

a Dall, W. H., op. cit., p. 685. & Dall, W. H., op. cit., p. 686.

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 79

locality 4758, near top of section at Henry Spring, 4 miles south of
Coalinga, SW. J sec. 18, T. 21 S., R. 15 E.; locality 4778, oyster bed,
just below Mya bed, three-fourths mile southeast of A. Kreyen-
hagen's house, west side of sec. 9, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. (Ralph Arnold
and Robert Anderson). Upper Miocene. '

Cerros Island, and near Loreto, Lower California (Dr. J. A. Veatch) ;
Pacific Beach, Russ School, San Diego well, San Diego County
(Henry Hemphill; W. H. Dall; Homer Hamlin; Delos and Ralph
Arnold, and others); Third street timnel, Los Angeles oil wells.
Brown Canyon, Los Angeles County (Homer Hamlin; W. L. Watts);
locality 4473, Waldorf asphalt mine, 3 miles south-southeast of
Guadalupe; and locality 4474, railroad cut 1 mile north of Schumann,
Santa Barbara County (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson). Lower
Pliocene.

Horizon. — ^Upper portion of Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene;
lower portion of Fernando formation, which extends from the upper
Miocene to the Pleistocene; San Diego formation, lower Pliocene.

^OsTREA VESPERTiNA Courad var. SEQUENS n. var.

Plate XXIX, figures 5 and 6.

Description, — Shell averaging about 42 milUmeters in length, sub-
circular in outline, irregular, plaited, usually with three major plaits,
each of these sometimes sulcate or divided into minor plaits; folia-
ceous lines of growth not as prominent as in many species of Ostrea;
beak prominent, curved toward right when viewed from exterior.
Right valve nearly flat or only slightly folded, the plaits practically
obsolete; incremental laminae as in left valve; hinge not strong, sub-
dentate laterally in left valve; muscle scars prominent.

Dimensions. — ^Longitude 45 nmi.; latitude 43 mm.; diameter of
both valves together, about 15 mm.

Notes. — This species is smaller, thinner, more circular in outline,
and decidedly less plaited than the typical 0. vespertine. The right
valve of 0. vespertina var. sequens is less ornate than the same valve
in 0. vespertina. 0. vespertina var. sequens is found in the beds at the
extreme top of the Etchegoin formation and lived during the period
of unstable conditions, when the great inland sea of Etchegoin time
was giving place to the great fresh-water Tiilare lake which fol-
lowed. The waters during this period of change were doubtless
transformed from salt through brackish to fresh, and the poor devel-
opment of this oyster, which, though living in great nimibers, never
attained the size of its predecessor, 0. vespertina, was doubtless due
to this changing environment. There is evidence also to show that
the water was colder as well as less saline in the period during which
O. vespertina var. sequens lived; and this, also^ may account for some

80 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

of the differences between the tyi)ical and varietal form. 0. vesper-
tina hved in decidedly marine conditions, and is fomid in beds imme-
diately underlying those in which the variety occurs. The fact that
the variety is found in beds younger than those in which the typical
form abounds led to the adoption of the varietal name, sequens.
The shells of this variety are gathered in large quantities and used for
chicken feed by the residents of this region.

Type, — Left valve, catalogue No. 165545, U.S.N.M., from locality
4728.

Localities, — United States Geological Survey locality 4702, south-
central part of Kettleman Hills, 5J miles N. 20° W. of Light's place,
NW. i NW. 1 sec. 25, T. 23 S., K. 18 E.; locality 4716, near north
end of Kettleman Hills, 1 J miles north-northw^est of 1,244-foot hill,
in bed below flinty white shale, east of center of SW. } sec. 20, T.
21 S., R. 17 E.; locality 4718, main ridge of Kettleman Hills, central
part, 8 miles northwest of Light's place, east side of sec. 11, T. 23
S., R. 18 E.; locality 4723, south group of Kettleman Hills, in Mya
bed, one-half mile east-southeast of Light's place; south side of
SE. i sec. 17, T. 24 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4725, east side of Kettleman
Hills, immediately west of where Dudley-Lemoore road enters plain
west of Tulare Lake, SW. corner of sec. 8, T. 23 S., R. 19 E.; locahty
4728, just below Anodonta bed on northeast border of Kettleman
Hills, nearly 6 miles east-southeast of northwest end, in north part of
sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Horizon, — Extreme top of the Etchegoin formation, upper Mio-
cene, just below Tulare bed {Anodonta fresh-water bed).

Genus GLYCYMERIS Da Costa.
Glycymeris coalingensis n. sp.

Plate XIX, figure 3.

1905. Pectunculus septentrionalis Anderson (not Middendorf), Proc. California Acad.
Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, p. 197, pi. 17, figs. 86, 87, not text.

Description, — Adult shell averaging about 40 millimeters in altitude,
suborbicular in outline, equivalve, moderately convex, beaks central,
surface radiately ribbed. Beaks small, projecting only slightly
beyond dorsal margin; anterior dorsal margin sloping slightly more
steeply than posterior. Surface sculp tm-ed by 34 well-defined,
squarish, radiating ribs, separated by canal-like interspaces, each about
as wide as a rib; the ribs and interspaces become narrower and finally
obsolete near the anterior and posterior margins, and also flatten out
and become less regular and less well defined in the later stages of
growth; the incremental lines are imbricating, sharp and wavy, and,
where the surface is slightly worn, loop downward in more or less

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 81

regular festoons in the interspaces, this being one of the unique
characteristics of the species. Ligamental area divaricately and
sharply striate. Hinge with a semicircular row of transverse teeth,
which in the adult shell are partially obliterated by encroachment of
the ligamental area; the anterior portion of the hinge usually carries
1 or 2 more teeth than the posterior.

DimensioThs, — Altitude 42 mm. ; latitude 42 mm. ; diameter of both
valves together, 22.5 mm.

Notes. — The separation of the different forms of this genus is usually
attended with much difficulty and uncertainty, owing to the worn
condition of the surface in most specimens, especially in those avail-
able for study. A comparison of G. coalingensis with some of the
recent and fossil species in the collections of the National Museum
discloses the following differences: (?. coalingensis is relatively
smaller, higher, and more convex and has relatively higher but
narrower ribs than G, gahhi Dall from the Empire formation at
Coos Bay; it is more convex and has less prominent beaks, but
more stnd narrower ribs than G. conradi Dall from the Empire beds,
Coos Bay; it closely resembles G. grewingJci Dall from the Coos
Bay Empire beds, but has much wider interspaces and relatively
narrower and taller ribs than the latter and lacks the fine super-
ficial radial striae; it is smaller, more symmetrical, and has entirely
different sculpture from G, hranneri Arnold from the Vaqueros,
lower Miocene, of the Coast Eanges; it differs from the recent
G. septentrionalis Middendorf by its larger size, more symmetrical
outline, and wider interspaces, and also in lacking the superficial
radial striae of this last-mentioned species and also of the Kecent
G, intermedia Broderip and the Pleistocene G. barharensis Conrad; it
is also less convex and more symmetrical and has wider interspaces
than either of the latter. A recent shell in a box labeled G, sep-
tentrionalis Middendorf var. suhobso'ietus Carpenter GJ.S.N.M.
catalogue No. 15475), from Neah Bay, Washington, has the widely
separated ribs of G. coalingensis, but is narrower than the latter
and has its anterior dorsal margin sloping more steeply. The
species is named in honor of the Coalinga district-, in which it is found
abundantly at several localities.

Tt/pg.— Catalogue No. 165526, U.S.N.M., from locality 4806.

Localities, — United States Geological Survey locality 4656, lowest
Etchegoin bed, in SW. } sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.; locahty
4661, Glycymeris bed, in NW. i sec. 29, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.; locality
4664, north side of White Creek about 5 miles northwest of junction
with Los Gatos Creek; locality 4672, northeast nose of 1,200-foot
ridge, four-fifths mile north-northwest of prominent hill on south
side of Alcalde Canyon, 3^ miles south-southwest of Coalinga, center

88866— Bull. 396—09 6

82 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

of SE. J sec. 13, T. 21 S., R. 14 E.; locality 4750, station ^^g" on
ridge on south side of Garza Creek, SW. J sec. 36, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.;
locality 4756, bed ''A,'' near Henry Spring, 4 miles south of Coalinga,
SW. i sec. 18, T. 21 S., R. 15 E.; locality 4758, bed ''C,'' 500 feet
stratigraphically above bed '*A," same locality as 4756; locality
4762, three-fourths mile east of Elmer Frame's house, in Waltham
Valley, 13 miles southwest of Coalinga; locality 4806, Glycymeris
bed on north side Alcalde Canyon, 2 miles northeast of Alcalde,
center of SW. J sec. 7, T. 21 S., R. 15 E.; all in the Coalinga district
(Ralph Arnold, F. M. Anderson, and Robert Anderson).

Horizon. — Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene, usually in the
basal portions.

Glycymeris septentrionalis Middendorf.

Plate XX, figures 3 and 3a.

1849. Pectunculus septentrionalis Middendorf, Beitr. Mai. Ross, vol. 3, p. 67, pi. 21,

figs. 1 to 3.
1856. Pectunculus septentrionalis Middendorf, Carpenter, Brit. Assn. Rept., 1856,

p. 219.
1903. Glycymeris septentrionalis Middendorf, Arnold, Mem. California Acad. Sci.,

vol. 3, 1903, p. 101, pi. 18, fig. 10.
1905. Pectunculus septentrionalis Middendorf, Anderson, Proc. California Acad. Sci.,

3d ser.. Geology, vol. 2, p. 197. (Not pi. 17, figs. 86, S7=G. coalingensis

Arnold, n. sp.)

This species, which is foimd living in the Strait of Juan de Fuca
and northward, is characterized by its subangular outline, close-set
ribs, and minute superficial radial striae. It is smaller than G,
coalingensis and less symmetrical in outline. G, grewingJci Dall from
the Empire formation at Coos Bay is very closely related to (?.
septentrionalis, the only points of difference being the slightly larger
size, slightly less angular anterior extremity, and the 5 or 6 more
ribs of the former.

Figured specimen, — Catalogue No. 165527, U.S.N.M., from locality
4806.

Localities. — In the Etchegoin: Coalinga district at United States
Geological Survey locality 4657, bed just above bed ''A,'' near south
side of SW. J sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. ; locality 4659, Anticline Ridge,
4 miles northwest of Kenny bench mark and 6 miles northeast of
Coalinga; locality 4660, Glycymeris bed, about 2^ miles west of
Coalinga; locaUty 4662, basal Etchegoin beds at north edge of White
Creek basin, one-half mile west of White Creek and three-fourths
mile southwest of Michigan Oil Company^s well, center of NW. J sec.
16, T. 19 S., R. 13 E.; locality 4673, at elevation of 1,600 feet on
ridge on west side of prominent hill 1 mile southeast of Alcalde, cen-
ter of NE. i sec. 24, T. 21 S., R. 14 E.; locality 4684, south-central

. ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 83

part of Kettleman Hills, about 11 miles northwest of Light's place,
center of SW. i sec. 35, T. 22 S., R. 18 E.; locaUty 4806, Glycymeris
bed on north side of Alcalde Canyon, 2 miles northeast of Alcalde,
center of SW.' i sec. 7, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. (F. M. Anderson, Ralph
Arnold, and Robert Anderson.)

In the upper San Pedro formation: Pleistocene, at San Pedro, Cal.
(Delos and Ralph Arnold); Recent from Strait of Fuca north to
Ukamok Island and coast of Alaska (Carpenter, J. G. Swan, and
others).

Horizcm, — Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene; San Pedro for-
mation, Pleistocene; Recent.

GASTEROPODA.
Genus CALLIOSTOMA Swainson.
^ Calliostoma coalingensis n. sp.

Plate XXVII, figure 7.

Description, — Shell averaging about 20 millimeters in altitude,
trochiform, conical, not umbilicated; apex subacute. Whorls five
or six, moderately convex, enlarging rapidly anteriorly, the body
whorl being nearly twice as wide as the penultimate whorl; a narrow
revolving band at the top of the whorl gives it a faint tabulate appear-
ance; body whorl flat to slightly concave above, moderately sharply
angulated below. The sculpture of the penultimate whorl usually
consists of about five sharp revolving ridges or lines, the upper and
middle ones the more prominent; the ribs above the middle of the
whorl, especially the uppermost one, are often more or less nodose;
the interspaces are concave, smooth, and each usually carries a fine
intercalary; fine incremental lines are visible on well preserved por-
tions of the surface; sculpture of other whorls similar to that of
penultimate except number of spiral ridges variable. The suture is
quite sharply impressed and distinct; aperture subquadrangular;
lip simple; columella concealed in type.

Dimensions. — Altitude 21 mm.; latitude 20 mm.; altitude of body
whorl, 15 mm.; altitude of aperture, 10 mm.

Notes. — This species is closely allied to the Recent Calliostoma cos-
tata Martyn (range, Puget Sound to Catalina Island), from which it
differs by its relatively lower spire, more convex and angulated
whorls, narrower, more numerous, more markedly unequal, and often
sligthly nodose revolving ribs. It is named after the Coalinga
district.

Type.— Csiteilogue No. 165499, U.S.N.M., from United States Geo-
logical Survey locality 4758,

84 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

Localities, — United States Geological Survey locality 4710, second
ravine branching north from Zapato Creek, below A, Kreyenhagen's
place, west-central part of NE. J sec. 5, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.; locality
4758, bed ''C,'' immediately east of Henry Spring, f miles south
of Coalinga, SW. { sec. 18, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold and
Robert Anderson).

Horizon. — Pecten coalingaensis horizon near top of Etchegoin for-
mation, upper Miocene.

Calliostoma kerri n. sp.

Plate XXVII, figure 6.

Description, — Shell averaging about 18 millimeters in altitude,
trochiform, conical, not umbilicateci, spiral sculpture nodose; apex
subacute. Whorls five, with straight sloping sides, enlarging rapidly
anteriorly, the body whorl being nearly twice as wide as the penul-
timate whorl; the angle of the body whorl is quite sharp and the
base nearly flat. The sculpture consists of more or less nodose
revolving ridges; on the penultimate whorl of the type are four
major ridges, and intercalaries between each pair of these except
the bottom pair; there are also the same number of major ridges on
the body whorl but the intercalaries are more nearly equal to them,
and an intercalary also appears between the lower pair; the upper
two ridges are usually more nodose than the lower. The suture is
moderately impressed and very distinct, giving the top of the whorl
a semitabulate appearance and the base an excavated aspect; the
base of the body whorl is ornamented by about nine concentric
ridges, the outer three or four and the inner two are the most promi-
nent and somewhat rougher than the remainder, which are squarish
and partly smooth; occasional intercalaries and numerous micro-
scopic revolving striae occur between the ribs on the base; fine incre-
mental lines are visible over most of the surface of the shell. Aper-
ture subquadrangular; lips simple, thin; columella simple and may
possibly be toothed in front.

Dimensions. — Altitude, 18.5 mm.; latitude, 19 mm.; altitude of
body whorl, 13 mm.; altitude of aperture, 8 mm.

Notes. — This species is closely allied to the recent C, variegcUum
Carpenter (range. Strait of Fuca to Point Conception) from which
it may be distinguished by its relatively broader outline, more nearly
flat base, less prominently nodose revolving sculpture, and smaller
and smoother concentric ribs on the base; also by the greater ine-
quality between the outer and inner basal ribs on the one hand and
the intermediate ones on the other. It is named in honor of Judge
W. H. Kerr, Coalinga, Cal., who has assisted the writer during his
investigations in this district,

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 85

Type.— Catalogue No. 165500, U.S.N.M., from locality 4758.

Localities, — United States Geological Survey locality 4693, south-
central part of Kettleman Hills, about 9J miles northwest of Light's
place, SW. i NE. i sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 E.; locality 4712, east of
Zapato Creek and three-fourtlis mile south-southwest of A. Kreyen-
hagen's home, SW. i SE. i sec. 8, T. 22 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4758,
immediately east of Henry Spring, 4 miles south of Coalinga, in bed
''A," SW. i sec. 18, T. 21 S., R. 15 E., all in the Coalinga district
(Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Horizon. — ^Upper portion of Etchegoin formation, upper Micoene.

Genus TURRITELLA Lamarck.

/ TUBRITELLA VANVLECKI n. sp.

Plate XXII, figure 3.

Description. — ^Adult shell at least 75 millimeters in length, elon-
gated, with acute apex. Whorls 10 or more, regularly and moder-
ately convex, the convexity becoming accentuated near each margin
where it bows over into the sutiu*e, thus giving the whorls a narrow
tabulate appearance above and below. Sculpture consists of five
equidistant rounded revolving ribs, the middle one of which is
sHghtly more prominent than the others, and a single roimded riblet
in each interspace; obUque lines of growth are noticeable in the later
whorls, but are invisible in the earlier stages of growth. Suture
deeply impressed. Aperture between rounded and subquadrate in
outline; Hp simple; columella: short and not flattened.

Dimensions. — Type, which is broken: Longitude 57 mm.; latitude
21 mm.; longitude of body whorl, 22 mm.; longitude of aperture,
10 mm.

Notes. — This species, of which the type is poorly preserved, is
characterized and may be distinguished by its deeply impressed
suture, regularly and moderately convex whorls, and regular spiral
sculpture. It reminds one more of certain varieties of TurriteUa
uvasana Conrad, from the Eocene, than any other of the west coast
Tertiary species, although it may readily be separated from the latter
by its intercalated riblets. It is named in honor of Robert Van
Vleck Anderson, Menlo Park, Cal., the writer's collaborator in the
work in the Coalinga district.

Ty2>6.— Catalogue No. 165496, U.S.N.M.

Locality. — United States Geological Survey locality 4658, Anticline
Ridge, northeast of Coalinga and 3^ miles northwest of Kenny bench
mark, in NE. { sec. 3, T. 20 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert
Anderson); 3 miles north of Bradley, Monterey County (Robert
Anderson) .

Horizon. — Near the base of the Etchegoin -formation, upper
Miocene.

86 PALEONTOLOGY OF CO.VLINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

Genus LITTORINA Ferussac.

\] LiTTORIXA MARIANA II. sp.
Plato XXIX, figure 1.

Description. — Shell averaging about 15 millimeters in altitude, tur-
binated, thick, pointed. Whorls four, moderately convex, enlarging
rapidly anteriorly, the whole body being almost twice as wide as the
penultimate; a faint spiral groove adorns each whorl immediately
in front of the suture and gives the shell a slightly tabulate appear-
ance. The sculpture consists of very faint incremental lines and
about seven or eight narrow impressed lines, separated by much
broader smooth bands, these latter sometimes cariying faint spiral
sculpture. Suture appressed and distinct. Aperture rounded;
outer lip acute, and having a slightly flaring appearance when viewed
from within; columella rather flattened and imperforate.

Dimensions. — Altitude 14.5 mm.; latitude 11.5 mm.; altitude of
body whorl, 10.2 mm.; altitude of aperture, 8.5 mm.

Notes, — This species is characterized by its large size as compared
with many members of the genus, by its spiral sculpture, and by its
extreme variability in height. It is very closely allied to L. grandis
Middendorf, but may be distinguished from the latter by its some-
what slenderer form and coarser scidpture. Its affinity to this
northern species is evidence in favor of subboreal conditions in the
Coalinga region during the late Miocene. L. mariana is also closely
related to L. petricola Dall, from Fossil Rock, Coos Baj^, Oregon, but
may be distinguished from the latter by its smaller size, thinner shell,
slenderer outline, and less prominent spiral sculpture. L. mariana
is usually associated with Mya japonica Jay, Macorrm inquinaia
Deshayes, and Ostrea vespertina Conrad var. sequens n. var. Named
in honor of Mrs. Maria M. Kreyenhagen, Coalinga, Cal., who has
materially assisted the writer in making collections from this region.

Tyj^g.— Catalogue No. 165481, U.S.N.M., from U. S. G. S. locality
4718.

Localities, — United States Geological Survey locality 4701, south-
east-central part of Kettleman Hills, on Dudley-Lemoore road, 3f
miles northeast of Light's place, sec. 17, T. 23 S., R. 19 E.; locality
4715, south end of Kettleman Hills, in sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E.;
locality 4718, main ridge of Kettleman Hills, central i)art, on sum-
mit of 1,020-foot hill, 8 miles northwest of I^ight's i)lace, east side of
sec. 11, T. 23 S., R. 18 E.; locality 4720, south side of 555-foot hill,
1 mile due north of Light's place, in center of SW. \ sec. 8, T. 24 S.,
R. 19 E.; locality 4722, south side of Zapato Creek, | mile southeast
of A. Kreyenhagen's place, northwest corner of sec. 16, T. 22 S., R.

ETCHEGOIN SPECIES. 87

l6 E.; locality 4723, south group of Kettleman Hills, on point one-
half mile east-southeast of Light's place, south side of SE. J sec. 17, T.
24 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4724, main ridge, south group of Kettleman
Hills, seven-eighths mile southeast of Light's place, NW. i SE. \ sec.
20, T. 24 S., R. 19 E.; locaUty 4730, central part of Kettleman Hills,
on srnnmit of 1,030-foot hill on main ridge, 9 J miles northwest of
Light's place, center of sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 E.; all in Coalinga dis-
trict (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson, 1907).

Horizon, — Upper Mya horizon at top of Etchegoin formation, top
of upper Miocene.

^ LiTTORiNA MARIANA var. ALTA n. var.

Plate XXIX, figure 2.

Description, — This variety differs from the typical mariana in hav-
ing a much higher spire, less convex whorls, and usually less promi-
nently spirally sculptured body whorl.

Dimensions. — Altitude 17 mm.; latitude 10.4 mm.; altitude of
body whorl, 12 mm.; altitude of aperture 9 mm.

Type. — Catalogue No. 165487, U.S.N.M., from United States
Geological Survey locality 4730, in central part of Kettleman Hills, 9|
miles northwest of Light's place, center of sec. 3, T. 23 S., R. 18 E,
Coalinga district.

Localities. — ^Associated with Littorina mariana n. sp. at the locali-
ties mentioned under that species. (See preceding page.)

Genus TROPHON Montfort.

Subgenus FORRERIA Jousseaumey 1880.
^ Trophon (Forreria) coalingense n. sp.

Plate XXII, figure 4.

Description. — ^Adult shell attaining over 75 millimeters in length,
oblong, oval to fusiform, spire tall, apex subacute. Whorls, five or
more, sharply angulate a little anterior to middle, tabulate above,
very slightly convex below. Sculpture consists of numerous (15
on penultimate whorl of type) straight varices and one sharp spiral
ridge near base of whorl; the varices become more numerous, more
irregular in size and less regularly spaced on the body whorl ; the varices
become faintly spinose on the angle, this characteristic being more
pronounced in the later stages of growth, especially on the body
whorls of adults; at the base of the body whorl is a very pronounced
stricture or canal, in which the lines of growth protrude as much as
5 millimeters toward the front; the body whorl usually carries three

88 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRUST, CALIFORNIA.

or four prominent sharp spiral ridges above this stricture. Aperture
ovate; outer lip simple; canal turned toward left; columella sulcate
at base.

Dimensions. — Of imperfect type, longitude 65 mm. ; latitude 45 mm.

Notes. — This fine species, which appears to be the descendant of
T. (Forreria) ponderosum Gabb, resembles T. stuarti Smith in cer-
tain external characteristics. It differs from the former in its smaller
size, slenderer outline, more mmierous and less spinose varices and
the prominent spiral ridge near base of whorl; it differs from T,
stuarti in being larger in size, broader in outline, and in having more
numerous but generally less elevated varices.

Named for the Coalinga district, in which it is believed to be char-
acteristic of the Etchegoin formation.

rt/2>^.— Catalogue No. 165540, U.S.N.M., from locality 4857.

Localities. — United States Geological Survey locality 4749, on
ridge on south side of Garza Creek, at station ''f,'* in NE. \ sec. 1,
T. 23 S., R. 16 E.; locality 4857, extreme southeastern end of Kettle-
man Hills, in sees. 11 and 12, T. 25 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold and
Robert Anderson).

Horizon. — Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

Genus NASSA Lamarck.
Nassa californiana Conrad var. coalingensis n. var.

Plate XXVII, figure 9.

Description. — Shell averaging from 30 to 35 millimeters in length
and having the general characteristics of outline and cancellate sculp-
ture of the typical N. californiana, but being slenderer, constricted
below the sutural riblet in the later stages of growth, haviijg more
prominently tabulate whorls, and having practically no axial sculp-
ture on the major part of the body whorl.

Dimensions. — Longitude 32 mm.; latitude 16 mm.; longitude of
body whorl 21.5 mm.; longitude of aperture, including canal, 16 mm.

Notes. — This elongated, peculiarly constricted variety is found
replacing the typical form in certain of the Etchegoin faunas of the
Coalinga district. A similar variety is known from other localities
outside the Coalinga region.

r7/j)6.— Catalogue No. 165511, U.S.N.M., from locality 4758.

Localities. — United States Geological Survey locality 4657, near
south side of the SW. i sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.; locality 4659, in
Glycymeris bed, on Anticline Ridge, northeast of Coalinga and 4 miles
northwest of Kenny bench mark, SW. J sec. 34, T. 19 S., R. 15 E.;
locality 4670, Kettleman Hills, at southernmost end, b{ miles south-
east of Light's place, in center of sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E.; locality
4673, on ridge west of 1 ,900-foot hill, 1 mile southeast of Alcalde, center

P/rCHEGOIN SPECIES. 89

of NE. i sec. 24, T. 21 S., R. 14 E.; locality 4712, east of Zapato
Creek, one-half mile south-southwest of A. Kreyenhagen's house,
SW. i SE. i sec. 8, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. ; locaUty 4758, bed ''C,^' near top
of section at Henry Spring, 4 miles south of Coalinga, SW. i sec. 18,
T. 21 S., R. 15 E.; all in the Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold and
Robert Anderson) .

Horizon. — Ranges through Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene*

Genus THAIS Link.
\/^ Thais etchegoinensis n. sp.

Plate XVIII, figure 2.

Description. — Shell averaging about 40 millimeters in length,
oblong-oval in shape, last whorl large, spire short, apex subacute,
shell tliick. Whorls five, very moderately convex, slightly com-
pressed a little above middle, giving whorls a faint carinate appear-
ance. Sculpture consists of well-defined incremental lines sloping
downward obliquely toward the right; very faint spiral sculpture is
visible on the lower half of the body whorl, becoming quite distinct
at the base of the canal. Suture distinct, appressed. Aperture oval,
broadest anteriorly; outer lip slightly flaring, subdentate internally;
inner lip smooth; columella flattened, showing an umbilical groove
between lip and twisted carina of columella. Canal short, curved
backward from aperture.

DiTTiensions. — D6collet6 type: Longitude 38 mm. ; latitude 28 mm. ;
longitude of body whorl 32 mm.; longitude of aperture, including
canal, 24 mm.

Notes. — This solid little shell is closely allied to the variable T.
crispatus Chemnitz (commonly known as Purpura crispata), but is
much smoother than any of the specimens of the latter species found
in the large series in the United States National Museum. It is also
more solid and has a relatively shorter canal than most of the speci-
mens of T. crispatus examined. It is distinguishable from T. tran-
cosana Arnold, from the Pliocene of the Santa Cruz Mountains, by its
more convex whorls, less pronounced spiral sculpture, and longer
aperture and canal. It is named in honor of the Etchegoin forma-
tion, of which it is believed to be characteristic.

r]/j)6.— Catalogue No. 165533, U.S.N.M., from locality 4697.

Localities. — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4695, south
group of Kettleman Hills, about 3^ miles S. 65° E. of Light 's'place,
NE. J SE. i sec. 27, T. 24 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4697, near south end
of Kettleman Hills, about 4 miles S. 20° E. of Light's place, on west
side of sec. 3, T. 25 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4712, east of Zapato Creek,
three-fourths mile south-southwest of A. Kreyenhagen's house, SW. J
SE. i sec. 8, T. 22 S., R. 16 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Horizon. — Upper portion of Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene.

90 PALEONTOLOGY OF COAUNGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNU.

Genus PLEUROTOMA Lamarck.

Pleubotoma coalikoensis n. sp.

Plate XXII, figure 2.

Description. — Sh^ll averaging about 20 millimeters in length, ter-
riculated, fusiform, prominently spirally and axially sculptured; apex
acute. The whorls are eight or nine in number, prominently angu-
lated just above the middle, concave and comparatively smooth pos-
teriorly and overlapping sinuously upon the antecedent whorl; lower
part of whorl convex and strongly sculptured; body whorl sharply
angulated near posterior margin, regularly and moderately convex
below angle. The axial sculpture consists of very prominent, rounded
ribs (10 on penultimate whorl of type), which slope slightly obliquely
from just above the angle downward to the left as far as the suture;
sharp incremental lines are more or less prominent on the body whorl,
and also posterior to the angle on the other whorls. The spiral sculp-
ture on each whorl consists of two prominent rounded ridges, sepa-
rated by an interspace of equal width to the ridges; below these and
sometimes above also, is a less prominent ridge, the lower one some-
times overlapped by the following whorl; the bod}'^ w^horl and col-
umella combined carry about 16 subequal, equidistant prominent
revolving ribs, those on the base of the columella being the smaller.
Aperture narrow, elliptical; posterior sinus very marked; anterior
sinus short and curved backward; outer lip thin, prominently convex
forward, retreating rapidly below; columellar lip smooth, slightly
curved.

Dimensions. — ^Longitude, 20 mm.; latitude, 8 mm.; longitude of
body whorl 13.5 mm.; longitude of aperture, 10 mm.

Notes. — ^This beautiful and highly ornate species is quite unlike any
previously described from the Pacific coast. It is characterized by
its regularly spindle-shaped outline, prominent peripheral angle,
strong axial and spiral ridging, and sharp, beautifully bowing outer
lip and deep posterior sinus. Named for the Coalinga district, in
which the type locality occurs.

Typg.— Catalogue No. 165509, U.S.N.M.

Locality. — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4806, Glycymeris
bed, on north side of Alcalde Canyon, 2 miles northeast of Alcalde,
center of SW: i sec. 7, T. 21 S., R. 15 E. (Ralph Arnold).

Horizon. — Basal portion of the Etchegoin formation, upper Mio-
cene.

■n

TULARE SPECIES. . 91

TULARE (FRESH-WATER PLIOCENE) SPECIES.

PELECYPODA.
Genus ANODONTA Cuvier.
^ Anodonta kettlemanensis n. sp.

Plate XXX, figure 10.

1894. Anxidxmta decur lata. Cooper (not Conrad, Am. Jour. Conch., vol. 6, 1871, p. 200,
pi. 11, fig. 8), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4, May 26, 1894, p. 168,
pi. 14, figs. 5-8.

1905. Anodonta decurtata Cooper (not Conrad), Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad.
Sci., 3d ser., vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Description, — Shell subtrapezoidal in outline, relatively short, aver-
aging about 60 millimeters in longitude by 36 millimeters in latitude,
gibbous, moderately thin. Beaks anterior, turned slightly forward,
inconspicuous. Anterior extremity about one-half as long as pos-
terior, rounded except for extreme end which is only slightly curved
for one-fourth width of shell, and meets dorsal margin with a faint
suggestion of an angle; surface of anterior extremity noticeably flat-
tened; posterior extremity angulated about five-eighths the distance
from umbo to end and also sharply angular at base; an approxi-
mately straight line joins the two angles; dorsal margin slightly con-
vex. Surface of umbones, up to latitude of about 5 millimeters, is
ornamented by seven or eight prominent rounded, rather irregular
and wavy concentric ridges, which are discontinuous about halfway
from anterior to posterior extremity, the disconnected ends of what
appears to be the same rib being irregularly en 6chelon with each
other; rest of disk ornamented by numerous fine incremental
lamellae. .Hingenarrow, frail, without teeth; muscular scars shallow.

Dimensions, — Longitude, 59 mm.; latitude 36 mm.; diameter of
both valves together, 25 mm.

Notes. — It is very evident from a comparison of the Kettleman
Hills species with the original description and figure of Conrad^s A.
decurtata that the former is an entirely different form, and the like-
ness of outline only superficial. A. Jcettleinanensis is slightly nar-
rower, more attenuated anteriorly, less sharply angular above pos-
teriorly, and has the beaks considerably farther in advance than A.
decurtata. As Conrad's species is based on a cast, and his figure is
rather poor, it is impossible to make comparisons regarding the sur-
face ornamentation of the two.

A, Jcettlemanensis differs from A, oregonensis Lea by its more gibbous
form, more nearly rectangularly truncated posterior extremity, and
finer crenulations on the umbo; it differs from A. nuttaUiana Lea and

92 PALEONTOLOGY OF OOALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

A, ccdifomiensis Ijea by its more gibbous form and more nearly
rectangularly truncated posterior extremity: it differs from A, wahla-
metensis Lea by its more gibbous form and more nearly rectangularly
truncated posterior extremity, less sharply angidated dorsal posterior
margin, and straight instead of concave posterior end. It is closer
to A. waJdametensis var. exUior Ijea, found Recent in the Pacific
drainage of Mexico, than to any other living species. It is named for
the Kettleman Hills, in which at certain horizons the species occurs
abundantly.

7V2>€.— Catalogue No. 165522, U.S.N.M., from locality 4731.

Localities. — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4721, east
border of Kettleman Hills, 3 J miles S. 60® W. of road house at north-
west comer of Tulare Lake, NE. { sec. 15, T. 22 S., R. 18 E.; locality

4731, northeast border of Kettleman Hills, near northwest end, on
top of 905-foot hill, NW. i NE. i sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; locality

4732, about 2 miles from the northwest end of Kettleman Hills, on
south side of mam ridge, SW. { NE. { sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.;
locahty 4735, central part of Kettleman Hills, on southwest side, 1
mile southwest of 1,376-foot hill and one-third mile northwest of old
oil derrick, in center of south Une of SW. { sec. 19, T. 22 S., R. 18 E.;
locahty 4737, just above Mya bed on east side of south-central part of
Kettleman Hills just east of Dudley-Lemoore road NE. J SW. i sec.
17, T. 23 S., R. 19 E.; all in Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold and
Robert Anderson).

Horizon. — Basal Tulare, fresh-water Pliocene.

Genus GONIDEA Conrad.

^^ GONIDEA COALINGENSIS n. Sp.
Plate XXX, figure 11.

Description. — This species belongs to the same group as Gonidea
angulata Lea, found Recent in the streams of the Pacific States, and
is characterized by its practically obsolete angle, only moderately
angulated posterior dorsal margin (which is fairly regularly con-
vex), and its slightly concave ventral margin, which, in connection
with the convex posterior dorsal margin, often gives the shell a
faintly falcate appearance. It differs from G. angulata Lea by its
obsolete angle, less ventricose and narrower shell; the beaks of
G. coalingensis are also more finely undulated than in G. angulata.
It approaches nearest to G. angulata Lea var. Jiaroldi Dall, but is
distinguishable from the latter by its smaller size, less ventricose
and much narrower shell, and less angulated posterior dorsal mar-

TULARE SPECIES. 93

gin. It diflFers from G. coalingensis var. coopert, n. var., by its
narrower and more nearly rectangularly truncated posterior extrem-
ity, rounded rather than angulated posterior dorsal margin, and
shallower excavation in front of beaks.

Dimensions. — ^Longitude 73 mm.; maximum latitude 33 mm.;
beak to anterior extremity, 14 mm.; diameter of both valves to-
gether, 16 nma.

iVb^.-^This species seems to be more common than the variety
cooperi in the localities visited by the writer. It is a beautifid shell,
and at certain places in the Kettleman Hills may be gathered in large
quantities and in a perfect though somewhat fragile state of preser-
vation. Named for the Coalinga district, in which the type locality
is situated.

Type, — Catalogue No. 165521, U.S.N.M., perfect pair of valves
from locahty 4739.

Localities. — United States Geological Survey locality No. 4721,
east border of Kettleman Hills, 3 J miles S. 60° W. of road house at
northwest comer of Tulare Lake, bed just below Anodonta layer,
NE. i sec. 15, T. 22 S., R.. 18 E.; locality 4731, east border of Ket-
tleman Hills, near northwest end, on top of 905-foot hill, just above
oyster bed; NW. J NE. i, sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; locality 4739,
1 mile northwest- of Anderson well, 25 miles south of Coalinga, SE. J
sec. 10, T. 23 S., R. 17 E.; all in Coalinga district. (Ralph Arnold;
Robert Anderson; H. R. Johnson.)

Horizon. — ^Extreme base of Tulare formation, fresh-water Pliocene.

GoNiDEA COALINGENSIS var. COOPERI n. var.

1894. Margaritana suhangulata Cooper (= Gonidea id.), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d
ser., vol. 4, May 26, 1894, p. 166, pi. 14, figs. 1 to 4.

1891. Not Anodonta angulata var. suhangulata Hemphill (= Gonidea id.), in A col-
lector's notes on variations in shells with some new varieties; Zoe, vol. 1, No.
11, January, 1891, p. 325, pi. 10, figs. 1 and 2.

Description. — This variety diflFers from the typical Gonidea coor
lingensis n. sp. by its broader and more protracted posterior extrem-
ity, more angulated posterior dorsal margin and deeper excavation
in front of beaks. It approaches a little more closely to the Recent
G. angulata Lea var. Tmroldi Dall. It is named in honor of the late
Dr. J. G. Cooper, of California.

Locality and horizon. — This species occm^ at the same horizon and
is associated with the typical form in some of the localities men-
tioned for G. coalingensis.

94 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTBICT, CALIFOBNIA.

Genus SPHiERIUM Scopoli.
V Sph^rium coopebi n. sp.

Plate XXX, figures 2 and 2a.

1894. Sphserium dentatumf Haldeman, Cooper, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser.,

vol. 4, May 26, 1894, p. 167.
1905. Sphaerium dentatum Haldeman, Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad. Sci.,

3d ser., Geol(^y, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Description. — Shell averaging about 10 millimeters in length, oval,
inflated, especially toward umbones; beaks central or very slightly
in the rear of the middle; anterior extremity shghtly more attenuate
than posterior, which has the faintest suggestion of an angle slightly
above middle; base evenly and moderately rounded; siuiace of type
somewhat worn, but showing only fine concentric lines from umbo
to periphery. Cardinal teeth very small and too much worn in type
to disclose characteristics.

Dimensions. — Longitude 9.5 mm.; altitude 7.5 mm.; diameter of
single valve, 2.4 mm.

Notes. — This species is more oval and ventricose than 8. JcetUe-
manensis n. sp., has a longer anterior extremity and is relatively
broader than 8. striatum Lamarck (Recent) and more trigonal in
outline and more inflated near the umbones than 8. dentatum Halde-
man (Recent). In some respects 8. cooperi appears to be more closely
related to specimens in the National Museum collection labeled
^^8p7iserium magnum Sterki, Pleistocene, Arroyo Pecos Las Vegas,
New Mexico.'' It is named in honor of the late Dr. J. G. Cooper.

Type. — Catalogue No. 165528, U.S.N.M., a somewhat worn right
valve from locality 4732.

Localities. — United States Geological Survey locality 4731, north-
east border of Kettleman Hills, near northwest end on top of 905-
foot hill, just above oyster bed, NW. i NE. i sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17
E.; locality 4732, about 2 miles from northwest end of Kettleman
Hills, on south side of main ridge, SW. I NE. J sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. ;
both localities in Coalinga district. (Ralph Arnold ; Robert Anderson ;
H. R. Johnson.)

Hori^zon. — Base of Tulare, fresh-water Pliocene.

. SPHiERIUM KETTLEMANENSIS n. Sp.
Plate XXX, figures 1 and la.

Description. — Shell averaging about 8 millimeters in length, thin,
between oval and trigonal in shape, equivalve, slightly inflated; beaks
well defined^ but neither high nor prominent, situated in advance of

TULARE SPECIES. 95

middle; anterior extremity shorter than posterior and more regu-
larly convex; posterior extremity quite sharply rounded below
middle; base moderately rounded; the surface of the shell in the
younger stages up to an altitude of 1 J to 2 milUmeters is ornamented
by several prominent, sometimes sulcated, concentric ridges; in the
later stages the concentric ridges become finer and closer set. Car-
dinal teeth small; one posterior bifurcated tooth and one small simple
anterior one in right valve; left valve carries a moderately long
simple posterior tooth, a middle bifurcated one, and an anterior
rudimentary; lateral teeth compressed, lamelhform, the anterior
shortest. Muscular and paUial impressions concealed in type.

Dimensions, — ^Longitude 8 mm.; altitude 6.5 mm.; diameter of
single valve 1.8 mm.

Notes. — This species is different from any of those known and
may be recognized by its subtrigonal outline, compressed form, and
prominent concentric ribbing on umbones. It is probably nearer to
S. striatum Lamarck than to any other described form, but may
be distinguished from the latter by its more advanced umbones,
more trigonal outline and more compressed form. S. Tcettleman^nsis
is found abundantly in the fresh-water PUocene Etchegoin forma-
tion, of the Kettleman Hills, after which it is named.

Type. — Catalogue No. 165519, U.S.N.M., left valve, from locality
4731.

Localities. — ^United States Geological Survey locaKty 4731, north-
east border of Kettleman Hills, near northwest end, on top of 905-
foot hill, just above oyster bed, NW. J NE. i sec. 35, T. 21 S., K. 17 E.;
locaUty 4732, about 2 miles from northwest end of Kettleman Hills,
on south side of main ridge, SW. i NE. i sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.;
both in CoaUnga district (Ralph Arnold; Robert Anderson; H. R,
Johnson).

Horizon. — Base of the Tulare formation, fresh-water Pliocene.

GASTEROPODA.

Genus PLANORBIS Guettard.

Planorbis vanvlecki n. sp.

Plate XXX, figures 4 and 4a.

1894. Valvata virens Cooper (not Tryon), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4,

May 26, 1894, p. 167.
1905. Valvata virens Cooper (not Tryon), F. M. Anderson, Proc. California Acad.

Sci., 3d ser,, Geology, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Description. — Shell averaging about 4.5 miUimeters in maximum
diameter, the whorls visible both from above and below* Whorls

96 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

four, prominently angulated above and with a faint suggestion of a
sutural ridge along the inner margin; base of whorl flat and triangu-
late, with a faint spiral ridge between the angles in some of the
specimens; incremental sculpture sharply marked both above and
below. Aperture roimded above, subangulate below, retreating
obUquely from top to bottom at an angle of about 45° with the
plane of the base; lip simple; umbilicus deep and relatively narrow.

Dimensions. — ^Maximum diameter 4.5 mm.; altitude 1.4 mm.

Notes. — This beautiful little species is characterized by its angular
whorls and suggestions of spiral ridging above near the suture, and
below, between the angles. It resembles certain members of the
genus Valvata but has a more obUque aperture and depressed spire
than any examined by the writer. Its nearest aflSnity is probably
P. opercularis Gould. It is named in honor of Robert Van Vleck
Anderson, United States Geological Survey, the writer's collaborator
in the investigations in the Coahnga district.

Ti/pe.— Catalogue No. 165506, U.S.N.M., from locality 4731.

Localities. — United States Geological Survey locaUty 4715, south
end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E. (in a mix-
ture ( ?) of Etchegoin marine and Tulare fresh-water fossils) (Ralph
Arnold and O. D. Barton); locality 4731, northeast border of Kettle-
man Hills, near northwest end on top of 905-foot hill above upper-
most Etchegoin bed, NW. J NE. J sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; locaUty
4732, about 2 miles from northwest end of Kettleman Hills, on
south side of main ridge, IJ miles northwest of 1,245-foot hill, SW. J
NE. J sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; all in Coalinga district (Ralph
Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Horizon. — Base of Tulare, fresh-water PUocene.

Genus CARINIFEX Binney.
Carinifex marshalli n. sp.

Plate XXX, figures 3, 3a and 3b.

1894. Carinifex newberryi Cooper (not Lea), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser., vol. 4,

May 26, 1894, p. 167.
1905. Carinifex newberryi Cooler (not Lea), Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad.

Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Description. — Shell attaining a diameter of 5 millimeters or more,
dextral, nearly planorbiform, the spire being depressed or only
slightly raised. Whorls 3i or more; the last whorl very large, broad
above, rapidly attenuated below; all whorls convex, even the nuclear;
from about IJ whorls onward a rounded sutural carina is developed
on the inner edge of the whorl; from this carina the surface of the
whorl slopes downward at a low angle, and is often shallowly sulcated

TULABE SPECIES. 97

between the carina and the periphery of the whori; no outer angle is
developed on the whorls, the upper surface bowing over regulariy to
the under surface. The sculpture consists of numerous fine, some-
what imequal incremental lines; no spiral sculpture is visible, although
the somewhat worn condition of the specimens examined may
accoimt for its absence. The suture is V-shaped, profound and
distinct. Umbilicus fimnel-shaped; aperture sUghtly oblique to
plane of spiral axis, subtriangular, broad above, narroWed below;
Kp simple, thin. ♦

Dimensions, — ^Maximum diameter 3.5 mm. ; altitude 2 mm.

Notes. — This small species, the largest specimen of which is little
over 5 mm. in diameter, is closely alUed to G, newherryi Lea, at present
found Uving in the lakes of the Pacific and adjacent States. A
careful comparison of G. marsJiaUi with the series of G. newherryi in
the United States National Museimi discloses the fact that the
former is smaller and lacks the flat-topped whorls in the yoimger
stages of growth and the prominent peripheral angle of the latter,
and usually has the carina on the inner edge of the whorl much more
prominent. Other minor differences are the more involute spire,
the less prominently downward projecting aperture, and the deeper
V-shaped, more-pronoimced suture of (7. marshoM. The species is
named in honor of WiUiam Blanchard Marshall, of the United States
National Museum, whose assistance in many instances is here grate-
fully acknowledged.

Typ^.— Catalogue No. 165507, U.S.N.M.

Locality. — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4732, about
2 miles from northwest end of Kettleman Hills, on south side of
main ridge, SW. i NE. J sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. (Ralph Arnold;
Robert Anderson; H. R. Johnson).

Horizon. — ^Base of Tulare formation, fresh-water Pliocene.

Genus PHYSA Drapamaud.

Physa wattsi n. sp.

Plate XXX, figure 6.

1894. Physa costata Cooper (not Newcomb), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d eer., vol. 4,

May, 1894, p. 167.
1905. Physa costata Cooper (not Newcomb), Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad.

Sci., 3d ser.. Geology, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Description. — Shell averaging about 6 millimeters in longitude,
sinistrally spiral, moderately thin, spire moderately elevated and
acute. Whorls about 3i, subangular, the point of greatest convexity
occurring just posterior to middle, giving the whorls a tabulate

88866— Bull. 396—09 7

98 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORKIA.

appearance; surface sculptured by numerous more or less irregular
and unevenly spaced rounded varices each ornamented by line lon-
gitudinal corrugations and lines; the interspaces are somewhat nar-
rower than the varices and are similarly sculptured; the varices
become obsolete toward the base of the body whorl. Suture ap-
pressed and very distinct. Aperture rounded in front, angular be-
hind; outer Up simple; columellar lip nearly straight, flaring sUghtly.

Dimensions, — ^Longitude 6 mm.; latitude 3.5 mm.; longitude of
body whorl, 4.8 mm.; longitude of aperture 3.8 mm.

Notes. — This beautiful Uttle shell is closely aUied to and is prob-
ably the precursor of P. costata Newcomb, but is smaller, less fragile,
less bubble-shaped, and has the spire more exserted than the latter.
It is named in honor of W. L. Watts, Los Angeles, Cal., who, during
the course of field work in the oil districts of the State, gathered mate-
rial that has added greatly to the knowledge of west coast paleontology.

Type.— Catalogue No. 165503, U.S.N.M.

Locality. — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4732, on south
side of main ridge about 2 miles from the northwest end of the Kettle-
man Hills, in SW. i NE. i sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. (W. L. Watts;
Ralph Arnold; H. R. Johnson; Robert Anderson.)

Horizon. — Basal Tulare formation, fresh-water Pliocene.

Genus AMNICOLA Gould and Haldeman.
N) Amnicola andersoxi n. sp.

Plate XXX, figure 9.

1894. Amnicola turMniformis Cooper (not Tryon), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d ser.,

vol. 4, May, 1894, p. 167.
1905. Amnicola turbiniformis Cooper (not Tryon), Anderson, P.M., Proc. California

Acad. Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, December, 1905, p. 182.

Description. — Shell averaging about 4 miUimeters in length, elon-
gate, turbinate-globose, thin; spire tall for member of this genus.
Whorls six, subcircular in cross section, giving the surface of the
whorl a strongly but regularly convex contour with just the sUghtest
suggestion of an angle about one-third the distance from | osterior to
anterior margin; faint lines of growth are visible over certain areas
of the surface in the type; suture very deeply impressed. Aperture
between subcircular and subovate; lip thin, simple; umbilicus per-
forate.

Dimensions. — Longitude 4 mm.; latitude 2.4 mm.; longitude of
body whorl 2.5 mm.; longitude of aperture 1.3 mm.

Notes. — This beautiful little shell is characterized by its tall many-
whorled spire and regularly convex whorls. It appears to be most
closely related to A. longingua Gould, found Recent and in Pieisto-

m ■

TTJLABE SPECIES. 99

cene lake deposits in California, but differs from ihe latter in hav-
ing one more whorl, in having more convex whorls and deeper sutures
and in having the posterior end of the aperture roxmded rather than
subangular. A. andersoni is very much taller than A. turhiniformis
Tryon, with which it was confused by Cooper. It occurs abundantly
in the fresh-water deposits (Tulare formation) of the Kettleman
Hills. It is named in honor of Mr. Frank M. Anderson, Berkeley,
Cal., whose pioneer work on the east side of the Coast Ranges has
added so much to our knowledge of their geology.

IVp6.— Catalogue No. 165505, U.S.N.M.

Locality. — ^United States Geological Survey locality 4732, on south
side of main ridge about 2 miles from the northwest end of the Ket-
tleman Hills, SW. i NE. i sec. 30, T. 21 S., R. 17 E. (W. L. Watts;
Ralph Arnold; H. R. Johnson; Robert Anderson.)

Horizon. — ^Basal Tulare formation, fresh-water Phocene.

Genus GONIOBASIS Lea.

\J GONIOBASIS KETTLEMANENSIS n. Sp.

Plate XXX, figure 7.

1894. Ooniohasis occata Cooper (not Hinds), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 2d eer., vol. 4,

May 26, 1894, p. 167.
1905. Goniobasis occata Cooper (not Hinds), Anderson, F. M., Proc. California Acad.

Sci., 3d ser., Geology, vol. 2, December 4, 1905, p. 182.

Description. — Shell averaging about 22 millimeters in length, spire
long, apex blunt. Whorls Seven or eight, the nuclear one without
sculpture or worn smooth in those specimens examined; the second,
third, and fomiih whorls flat or angulated, the next moderately and
evenly convex. The sculpture consists of six or more roimded
thread-Uke revolving ridges, those in the upper part of the whorl
usually being the most prominent; intercalaries of varying degrees of
importance often occur in the interspaces; incremental lines and also
lines of interrupted or unequal growth are also usually visible. Suture
moderately deeply impressed. Aperture ovate, shghtly angulate in
front; Up thin and simple, concave above, bowing convexly outward
below, slightly thickened toward colimiella, which is thick, and
bowed; umbiUcus imperforate to subperf orate.

Dimensions. — Longitude 22.5 mm.; latitude 8.5 mm.; longitude of
body whorl 12 mm.; longitude of aperture 7 mm.

Notes. — This species is distinct from any of the other west-coast
species. Its almost exact coimterpart may be found in a certain
variety of 0. virginica Say, inhabiting water which sometimes becomes
brackish, thus illustratmg paraUel development under similar condi-
tions of increasing salinity of habitat, although the two forms are

100 PALEONTOLOGY OF COALINGA DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA.

found in widely separated localities and geologic horizons. 0. Jcet-
tLerrw/nensis m characterized by strong spiral and almost total lack of
axial sculpture. At one locality (4715) it is foimd in the upper
Etchegoin associated with a marine or mixed marine and brackish
water faima, while at another (4735) it is found only with fresh-
water shells in the Tulare formation. It is named for the Kettleman
HiUs, the type locality.

TVpe.— Catalogue No. 165601, U.S.N.M., from locality 4715.

Localities, — Tulare formation, Pliocene: United States Geologi-
cal Survey locality 4715, south end of Kettleman Hills, sec. 10,
T. 25 S., 15^. 19 E. (R. Arnold and O. D. Barton); locaUty 4735,
central parf of Kettleman Hills, on southwest side, 1 mile southwest
of 1,376-fof t hill and one-third mile northwest of oil derrick, in center
of south lihe.pf SW. J sec. 19, T. 22 S., R. 18 E. (Robert Anderson).

Etchegoin formation, upper Miocene: Locality 4696, northeast side
of south group of Kettleman Hills, about 1^^ miles due southeast of
Light's place, SW. \ NW. J sec. 21, T. 24 S., R. 19 E.; locaUty 4715
(see same locality, Tulare) ; all in Coalinga district (Ralph Arnold
and Robert Anderson).

Horizon, — ^Top of the Etchegoin (upper Miocene) and base of the
Tulare (fresh- water Pliocene). It is quite possible that at locality
4715 the 0, Tcettlemanensis may be from a horizon just above that of
its marine associates. It is mixed with the marine shells on the
surface of the low hill at this place.

PISCES.
Fish spines and Bulbous growths.

Plate XXV, figures 6, 6a, 6b, 7, 7a, and 8.

Among the fossils found in the upper Etchegoin and lower Tulare
are some peculiar shaped objects of bony material. By far the
commonest form is one somewhat resembling in outline one valve
of certain areas (see PI. XXV, figs. 6, 6a, 6b) but having an irregular
base in which is a pit. The surface of the bone is reddish brown,
rather rough, and usually showing fibery structure. Some of these
bones have been recognized with the aid of J. W. Gidley, of the U. S.
National Museum; David Starr Jordan, of Stanford University, and
J. C. Merriam, of the University of California, as being the bulbous
growths from the anterior portion of the back or the anterior end of
the ventral fin of some kind of fish. Not even the order to which
these belong is determinable, and they may be either marine or fresh-
water fishes. They occur in both marine and fresh-water deposits.
Another form (PI. XXV, fig. 8) is nearly bilaterally symmetrical, with
a groove down the middle and extended processes at either end; it is

TULABE SPECIES. .•' 101

rounded at the back. Still another form (PL XXV\£g?». 7, 7a) has
been identified as a fish spine; it has a deep longituclfcit}. V-shaped
groove in the base, a sharp ridge, and a few irfegular liSflogitudinal
lines on the two sides. "'.*.'/.

Figured specimens. — Catalogue Nos. 165493, 165494, and\l'65496,
U.S.N.M. ''^ .•

Localities. — Etchegoin: United States Geological Survey locality.
4695, on east side of Kettleman Hills south of Avenal Gap, NEr'^J" *•
SE. i sec. 27, T. 24 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4696, northeast side of;.-;/,
south group of Kettleman Hills, 1 mile southeast of Light's place, *,•••/
SW. i NW. i sec. 21, T. 24 S., R. 19 E.; locality 4697, near south V\,
end of Kettleman Hills, on summit 4 miles S. 20° E. of Light's place
in Avenal Gap, on west side of sec. 3, T. 25 S., R. 19 E. ; locality 4698,
1 miljB north of White Creek and 3i miles northwest of junction with
Los Gatos Creek, in center of sec. 23, T. 19 S., R. 13 E.; locality
4715, south end of Kettleman HiUs, sec. 10, T. 25 S., R. 19 E. ; locality
4741, east side of Kettleman Hills at point 3i miles west of entrance
of Dudley-Lemoore road into hills, northeast comer of sec. 12, T. 23
S., R. 18 E. (Ralph Arnold and Robert Anderson).

Tulare: Locality 4731, northeast border of Kettleman Hills, near
northwest end on top of hill just east of old road and cabin,
NW. i NE. J sec. 35, T. 21 S., R. 17 E.; locality 4738, about 20 miles
southeast of Coalinga, near Etchegoin-Tulare contact; SE. J NW. J
sec. 14, T. 23 S., R. 17 E.; 1 mile northwest of El Cerrito well,
25 miles south of Coalinga, near north end of Kettleman Hills, IJ
miles north-northwest of 1,244-foot hill (Ralph Arnold and Robert
Anderson).

Horizon. — ^Upper portion of Etchegoin (upper Miocene) and base
of Tulare (fresh-water Pliocene).

r •

• ■ •

• • <*

v«.

• • •

■■:<:

• >

PLATE I.

103

PLATE I.

CHICO (UPPER CRETACEOUS) FOSSILS.

VOLUTODEEMA GABBI White.

Figure 1. Natural size. Catalogue No. 20112, U.S.N.M.; copied from Bull.

U. S. Geol. Survey No. 51, pi. 3, fig. 1. Found at locality 3
in the Coalinga district; also occurs as far north as Puget Sound
region 11

Pebissolax bbevibostbis Gabb.

Figure 2. Natural size. Copied from Whiteaves, Geol. Surv. Canada, Mes.

Fobs., vol. 1, pt. 5, pi. 43, fig. 3, 1903. Foimd at locality 4 in the
Coalinga district; a not unconmion species in the Chico of the
Pacific coast 11

Tellina? ooides Gabb.

Figure 3. Exterior of imperfect left valve, showing a little of the original shell

material, altitude 43 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 31075,
U.S.N.M. Foimd at locality 3 in the Coalinga district, and
at other Chico localities on the west coast 11

Magtba ashbubkebi Gabb.

Figure 4. Exterior of small right valve, longitude 28 mm., X 2. Catalogue

No. 31074, U.S.N.M. Found at locality 3 in the Coalinga
district; also common at most Chico localities 11

Meekia sella Gabb.

Figure 5. Exterior of cast of right valve, altitude 18 mm#, X 2. Catalogue

No. 31073, U.S.N.M. Locality 3 in Coalinga district; also
common at other Chico localities on the Pacific coast 11

AvicuLA LiNGU-aiFOBMis Evaiis and Shumard.

Figure 6. Exterior of cast of small left valve, altitude 14 mm., X 2. Catalogue

No. 31076, U.S.N.M. Locality 11 11

Baculites ghigoensis Trask.

Figure 7. Natural size. Copied from Gabb, Pal. California, vol. 1, pi. 17, figs.

27, 27a, 1864 11

7a. Cross section. Ibid., figure 27a.
7b. Septum. Ibid., plate 14, figure 28b.

104

U. 8. GEOLOOICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE I

CHICO FOSSILS

PLATE II,

105

PLATK II.

TEJON (EOCENE) PELECYPODA.

Venekicahdia i'lamcosta Lamarck.

FAge.

Figure 1. I-fCft valvo;lonp:itu(l(' SI mm. Iv x ■(»»(»: Kit lie FallH, Wash. Catalogue

No. 164073, r.S.N.M. This i.-* tht' innM. widwproad and
oharactoristio E<M'on<» siwrics in the world 13

('()RBrr.A PAIMMS Cral)l). '

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve n»t*toriMl, lonjritude (J mm., X 2. Catalogue .

No. lGr)f)21, r.S.N.M. LcK'ulity ISOI 13

SeITIFEII DICIIOTOMIS Clab]).

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve n'stor(»d, Inngitude 22 mm., X 2. Catalogue

No. 1()5G23, r .S.X.M. Locality 4S()1 13

OSTKEA IDHIAEXSIS Gabl).

Figure 4. Exterior of right valve, loFigitude 27 mm.: natural size. Catalogue

No. J05()74, U.S.N.M. Locality 4S0J 13

OSTREA IDHIAEXSIS (lal)l).

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, h^ngitudo 35.5 mm.: natural size. Catalogue

No. 1G5G74, U.S.N.M. Locality 4S01. A common species in
certain California Eocene locralit ies 13

Sponuylits caulosensis F. M. Anderson.

Figure G. Exterior of imperfect specimen, altitude 20 mm.: natural size.

Catalogue No. lGoG2S. T. S.X.M. Locality 4G17. So far un-
known outside the Coalinga district 13

Figure 7. Natural size. Copied from Proc. Calif<)rnia Acad. Sci., 3d ser..

Geology, vol. 2, no. 2, \)\. 13, fig. 1.

TjEDA (lAiiBi Conrad.

Figure 8. Exterior of cast of left valve, longitude 13 mm., X 2. Catalogue

No. 1656G2, r. S.X.M. Locality 5014. A common speries in
theTejon L3

Tellixa iioKXir Gal)l).

Figure 9. Exterior of left valve of slightly imperfect specimen, longitude i

42 mm.; natural size. Catalogue No. 10505(1, l'. S.N. M. Local- \

ity 4G17. A species found at many Tejon localities 13 \

Ckassatellites (iuaxj)is (lal)l). !

Figure 10. p]xterior of imperfect right valve, altitude 50 mm.; natural size.

Catalogue No. 10503S, U.S.N.M. T.ocality 40i:i. A common

Tejon species 13

JOa. Interior of same specimen.

Tellixa joac^tixexsis n. sp.

Figure 11. Exterior of left valve, longitude 22 mm.; natural size. Tyj)e, cata-
logue No. 105019, r.S.N.M. Locality 4801 49 i

OsTiiEA AYicruroRMis F. ^I. Aiidoison.

Figure 12. Exterior of left valve, longitude 10 mm., X 2. Catalogue No.

1G5G27, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801 50

106

BULLETIN 39G I

TEJON PELECVPODA.

PLATE III.

107

PLATE III.

107

V. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 398 PLATE III

TEJON PELECYPODA.

PLATE IV.

r •

111

PLATE IV.

TEJON (EOCEITE) GASTEROPODA AND ECHINODERMATA.

Cassidulus californicus F. M. Anderson.

Page.

Figure 1. Top view of imperfect specimen, longitude 21 mm., X 2. Catalogue

No. 165664, U.S.N .M. Locality 4622. So far known only from
this locality 13

la. Bottom of same specimen.

POTAMIDES CARBONICOLA Cooper.

Figure 2. Back of imperfect specimen, longitude 19 nun., X 2. Catalogue No.

165651, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. So far known only from the

type locality 14

3. Back of another specimen, longitude 16 mm., X 2. Catalogue No.

165651, U.S.N.M. Same locality as 2 14

Tritonium californicum Gabb.

Figure 4. Front of young and imperfect specimen, longitude 8 mm., X 4. Cata-
logue No. 165644, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619. A rather rare spe-
cies; grows to much larger size than the figured specimen 14

Serpulorbis sp. a.

Figure 5. Top, maximum diameter of specimen 15 mm., X 2. Catalogue No.

165659, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. A common form at some
localities of the Tejon 14

RiMELLA CANALIFERA Gabb.

Figure 6. Front of imperfect specimen, longitude 15 nmi., X 2. Catalogue No.

165646, U.S.N.M. Locality 4618. This species has an ex-
panded lip which is produced upward along the body and penul-
timate whorls. A conmion and characteristic Eocene form 14

Amauropsis oviformis? Gabb.

Figure 7. Front of imperfect specimen, altitude 29 mm., natural size. Cata-
logue No. 165654, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617 13

Galerus excentricus Gabb.

Figure 8. Side view, altitude 12 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165643,

U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A very common and characteristic
Eocene species 14

112

LuNATiA HOBNii Oabb. 14

Figure 9. Front view, altitude 13.3 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165620, 2/^

U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. Often grows much larger than the ^

specimen figured 14 JT

Tritonidea kbeyekhageni n. sp. >^

Figure 10. Front of d6collet6 and slightly imperfect specimen, longitude 16 ^^

mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165657, U.S.N.M. Locality '^""*^

4801. 51

TuBRiTELLA UVASANA Conrad.

Figure 11. Side of a d6collet6 specimen; longitude 31 mm., X 2. Catalogue

No. 165653, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. A common and char-
acteristic Eocene species, showing considerable variation as
regards sculpture 14

Nerita triangulata Gabb.

Figure 12. Back and part of top, maximum diameter 12 nun., natural size.

Catalogue No. 165700, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A character-
istic Eocene species 14

12a. Top of same specimen.

LuNATiA sp. a.

Figiu-e 13. Front of imperfect specimen, altitude 27 nmi., natural size. Cata-
logue No. 165652, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801 14

' TURRITBLLA. PACHECOBNSIS Stanton.

Figure 14. Exterior of imperfect yoimg specimen, longitude 44.5 mm., X 2.

Catalogue No. 165636, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. Usually more
common in the lower Eocene, but also found in the Tejon 14

Dentalium cooperi Gabb.

Figure 15. Side, longitude 9 mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 165622, U.S.N.M.
y Locality 4619. A common and long-lived species 13

\ Pleurotoma dombnginei n. sp.

Figxure 16. Side of imperfect specimen, longitude 11 mm., X 3. Type, catalogue

No. 165647, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619 52

LOXOTREMA TURRITA Gabb.

» Figiure 17. Back of imperfect specimen, longitude 20 mm., natural size. Csita-

logue No. 165649, U.S.N.M. Locality 4801. A peculiar and
» characteristic Tejon species ../- 14

SpiROGLYPHUS ? TEJONENSI8 n. sp.

Figure 18. Top of coil, maximum diameter 7.5 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue

No. 165658, U.S.N.M. LocaUty 4617 51

88866— Bull. 396—09 8 113

Cylichna costata Gabb.

r .

* •

: I.

Page.
ire 19. Front view of imperfect specimen, longitude 13 mm., X 2. Cata-

, logue No. 165655, U.S.N.M. Locality 4617. A conmion Eocene

4 form very much like some later species 13

Pleurotoma guibebsoni n. sp.
*

' Fi^* ire 20. Rear view of imperfect specimen, longitude 13.5 mm., X 3. Type,

catalogue No. 165648, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619 54

Amaubopsis alveata Conrad.

J 'i:^ure 21. Front view of specimen with slightly broken lip, altitude 43 mm.,

natural size. Catalogue No. 165650, U.S.N.M. Locality 4619.
An exceedingly widespread and characteristic species in the
I * Eocene 13

C/ANCBLLABIA IBELANIANA Cooper.

¥u!:uTe22. Front view of imperfect specimen, longitude 39 mm., natural size.

Catalogue No. 165645, U.S.N.M. I/x»lity 4619 52

Pleubotoma fbesnoensis n. sp.

Vijrure 23. Front view of specimen from which the canal is missing, longitude 21

mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165631, U.S.N.M. Locality
4619 53

114

»-.

3. OEOLOGICAL SURVEY

TEJON GASTEROPODA AND ECHINODERMATA.

PLATE V.

115

PLATE V.
V3t^^ieS (LOWER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

OsTREA TITAN Conrad.

Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 90 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165565, U.S.N.M. Lower Vaqueros formation; locality
4773. This rather diminutive variety is found abundantly
below the reef bed on Laval grade, 9 miles north of Coalinga 17

DosiNiA MATHEWSONii Gabb.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, altitude 56 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165596, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4803. This
species is believed to be characteristic of the lower and middle
Miocene 18

Mytilus MATHEWSONII Gabb var. expansus Arnold.

Figure 3. Exterior of nearly perfect right valve, longitude 157 mm., natural

size. Catalogue No. 165661, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation;
locality 4803. This species is believed to be characteristic of the
Vaqueros; the typical form is usually found in the upper half of
the Miocene 18

Septifer coalingensis n. sp.

Figure 4. Exterior of left valve, longitude 45 mm., natiual size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165580, U.S.N.M. Supposed Vaqueros formation;
locality 4634 58

Trophon (Forreria) gabbianum F, M. Anderson.

Figure 5. Back of imperfect specimen, altitude 44 mm., natural size. Cata-
logue No. 165572, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality
4860. (See PI. VI, fig. 5) , 60

MuLiNiA DENSATA Conrad var. minor n. var.

Figure 6. Exterior of slightly imperfect right valve. Type, catalogue No.

165601, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4777 54

116

J. a aEOLooiCAL survey bulletin 396 t

VAQUEROS FOSSILS.

PLATE VI

117

PLATE VI.
VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

Metis aflf. alta Conrad.

Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of right valve, longitude 32 mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 165567,

U.S.N.M.; Vaquerofl formation; locality 4627. This lower
Miocene 'Metis may be different from the Recent M.alta, but
the state of preservation of the fossils precludes a definite deter-
mination 17

Figure 2. Left valve of same specimen.

CONUS HAYESI n. sp.

Figure 3. Back of slightly imperfect specimen, longitude 60 mm., natural

size. Type, catalogue No. 165566, U.S.N.M.; Vaqueros forma-
tion; locality 4861 62

ScuTELLA MERRiAMi F. M. Anderson.

Figure 4. Top, maximum diameter 21 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165584, XJ.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4775. This
little echinoid from which the "button bed" in the Vaqueros
derives its name, is found at many localities in the Coalinga
district, and is believed to be characteristic of the Vaqueros or
lower Miocene 18

Tbophon (Forrbbia) gabbianum F. M. Anderson Tar. cancel-

LARioiDES n. var.

Figure 5. Back of imperfect specimen, longitude 56 mm., natural size. Type,

catalogue No . 165605 , U . S . N . M . Vaqueros formation ; locality
4861. (See PI. V, fig. 5.) 60

Phacoides (Miltha) sanct^crucis n. sp.

Figure 6. Exterior of nearly perfect right valve, longitude 75 mm., natural

size. Type, catalogue No. 165569, XJ.S.N.M. Vaqueros forma-
tion; locality 4861 67

118

BULLETIN 396 PLATE VI

VAQUEROS FOSSIL&

PLATE VII.

119

PLATE VII.

VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) FOSSILS : LOWER AND .

UPBeS HORIZONS.

* , Abca osmonti Dall.

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 49 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165563, U.S.N. M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4859.
This species is believed to be characteristic of the lower Miocene.
The specimen figured is from the type locality. Found also
in Santa Monica Mountains, near Los Angeles « 18

la. Umbones of same specimen.

2. Exterior of left vaJve of a broader specimen, longitude 39 mm.,

natural size. Catalogue No. 165563, U.S.N.M.. .! 18

Tbophon (Forreria) bartoni n. sp.
«

Figures. Imperfect specimen, altitude 33 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165571, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality
4861 59

Pecten andersoni Arnold.

Figure 4. Exterior of right valve, longitude 37 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165583, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4803.
This species is believed to be characteristic of the Miocene. It
is found abundantly in certain layers of the ** reef beds, " where
it makes up the entire rock for small thicknesses 17

ZlRPH^A DENTATA Gabb.

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, longitude 73 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165573, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4803.
This species is believed to be characteristic of the Miocene 17

Macoma piercei n. sp:

Figure 6. Exterior of left valve of imperfect specimen, longitude 75 mm.,

natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165595, U.S.N.M. Upper
* Vaqueros formation; locality 4631 ; . 55

Saxidomus yaquerosensis n. sp.

Figure.7. Exterior of left valve, longitude 69 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165570, U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; local-
ity 4631 56

120 ^

VAQUEROS FOSSILS.

PLATE VIII.

121

PLATE VIII.

VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZOIT.

TuRRiTELLA ocoYANA Conrad.

Pace.
Figure 1. Back of imperfect specimen, longitude 50 mm., natural size. Cata-
logue No. 165593, U.S.N.M. Vaqueroe formation; locality
4631. This is one of the most characteristic fossils of the
Vaqueros, especially in the San Joaquin Valley and in southern

California 17

2. Back of two whorls of an exceedingly large specimen, altitude 42 mm.,
natural size. Catalogue No. 165574, U.S.N.M. Upper Va-
queros formation; locality 4631 17

Venus pertenuis Gabb. j

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, longitude 88 mm., natural size. Catalogue i

No. 165597, U.S.N .M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631. \

This species is believed to be characteristic of the Miocene 17

Phacoides acutilineatus Conrad.

Figure 4. Exterior of left valve, altitude 35.5 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165564, U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality
4803. This species ranges from the lower Miocene to the lower
Pliocene fauna. Formerly called Lucina acutilineata 17

Agasoma santacruzana Arnold.

Figure 5. Front of imperfect specimen, consisting of spire and part of body

whprl, latitude 19 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165609,
U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4631. This species is
believed to be characteristic of the Vaqueros 17

CoRBicuLA DUMBLEi F. M. Anderson.

Figure 6. Exterior of right valve, longitude 28 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165581, U.S.N.M. Vaqueros formation; locality 4628. This
species is found abundantly in the Vaqueros oil sand where it
outcrops in Anticline Canyon southwest of Coalinga 17

Chione temblorensis F. M. Anderson.

Figure 7. Exterior of imperfect and decorticated left valve, longitude 92 mm.,

natural size. Catalogue No. 165612, U.S.N.M. Upper Va-
queros formation; locality 4631. This species, which is charac-
terized by its central beaks and narrow form, is believed to be
characteristic of the Vaqueros formation 17

122

BULLETIN 396 PLATE V

VAQUEROS FOSSILS.

PLATE IX,

123

PLATE IX.

VAQUEROS (LOWER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON.

DosiNiA PONDEROSA Gray.

Page.
Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, altitude 78 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165660, U.S.N .M. Upper Vaquero8 formation; locality
4631. This species ranges from the lower Miocene to the Re-
cent fauna '. 17

Cardium (Trachycardium) vaquerosensis Arnold.

Figure 2. Exterior of imperfect right valve, altitude 98 mm., natural size.

Catalogue No. 166598, U.S.N .M. Upper Vaqueros formation;
locality 4631. 57

CoNUS OWENIANUS F. M. Anderson.

Figure 3. Front, altitude 16 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165606,

U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631. This
species, which is characterized by spiral striations, is believed
to be characteristic of the Vaqueros 17

OCINEBRA TOPANGENSIS Amold.

Figure 4. Back, longitude 25 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165608,

U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631. This
species, which is also found in the Santa Monica Mountains, is
believed to be characteristic of the Vaqueros formation 17

Cancellaria andersoni n. sp.

Figure 5. Back, longitude 21 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165607,

U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631 60

Cancellaria vetusta Gabb.

Figure 6. Back, longitude 51 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165600,

U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation; locality 4631. This
species is believed to be characteristic of the Vaqueros 17

Pleurotoma (Bathytoma) piercei n. sp.

Figure 7. Back of imperfectspecimen, altitude 39.5 mm., natural size. Type,

catalogue No. 165578 U.S.N.M. Upper Vaqueros formation;
locality 4631 61

124

VAQUEROS FOSStLS.

PLATE X.

125

PLATE X.

125

PLATE X.

125

PLATE X.

125

PLATE X.

125

PLATE X.

SANTA MARGARITA (UPPER MIDDLE MIOCENE) FOSSILS.

Tamiosoma gbeoabia Conrad;

Page.
Figure 1. Side, group of individuals, maximum altitude 187 mm., one-half

natiu-al size. Catalogue No. 165618, U.S.N.M. Santa Mar-
garita (?) formation; locality 4766. This imique form, which
is closely related to the barnacles, is believed to be char-
acteristic of the upper Miocene and is usually foimd abun-
dantly in the fossiliferous portions of the Santa Margarita (?)
formation 21

HiNNiTES GiGANTEUs Gray.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, longitude 52 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165586, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation; locality
4651. This species ranges from the middle Miocene to the Re-
cent fauna. The specimen figured is an immature, fair-sized
individual 21

Pecten estrellanus Conrad.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, altitude 111 mm., one-half natural size.

Catalogue ISTo. 165616, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation;
locality 4766. This species is exceedingly common in the Santa
Margarita (?) and Jacalitos formations, but may extend into the
Vaqueros 21

Trophon (Forreria) carisaensis F. M. Anderson.

Figure 4. Front, longitude 41 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165591,

U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation; locality 4766. This
species is characterized by its moderate size, and the spines which
are located in the middle of the whorl. It is believed to be
characteristic of the Santa Margarita formation 21

OsTREA TITAN Conrad.

Figure 5. Exterior of right valve; longitude 174 mm., one-half natural size.

Catalogue No. 165617, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation;
locality 4766 21

126

I. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

SANTA MARGARITA FOSSILS.

PLATE XI.

127

PLATE XI,

SANTA MARGARITA (UPPER MIDDLE MIOCENE) AND
JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS,

AsTROD APSIS WHiTNEYi K6mond.

Page.

Figure 1. Top of back of imperfect specimen, maximum diameter 76 mm., nat-
ural size. Catalogue No. 165594, U.S.N.M. ' Santa Maigarita(?)
formation; locality 4766. This species is believed to be char-
acteristic of the Santa Margarita (?) formation in the Coalinga
district , 63

OsTREA TITAN Conrad.

Figure 2. Exterior of left valve, altitude 290 nmi., one-half natural size. Cata-
logue No. 165617, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation;
locality 4766. This magnificent Ostrea is found abundantly
throughout the Miocene, especially in the upper half of the
middle Miocene; it sometimes attains a length of 20 inches and
a weight of over 20 pounds 21

Pliohippus sp. a.

Figure 3. Side, longitude 49 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165665, XJ.S.N.M.

Jacalitos formation, NW i sec. 22, T. 19 S., R. 15 E. The ex-
tinct horse, of which this tooth is all that was found, is believed

to be characteristic of the upper Miocene 26

3a. Crown of same specimen.

Thais crispatus Chemnitz.

Figure 4. Front of d6collet6 and otherwise slightly imperfect specimen, longi-
tude 44 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165532 U.S.N.M.
Upper Jacalitos formation; locality 4763. This species ranges
from the upper Miocene to the Recent &una, and is an exceed-
ingly variable species, some specimens being almost smooth,
others strongly sculptured. The genus Thais has heretofore
been commonly known as Purpura 26

128

I. & OEOLOOICAL SURVEY BULLETtN 396 PLATE X

SANTA MARGARITA AND JACALITOS FOSSILS.

PLATE XII.

88866— Bull. 396—09 9 129

PLATE XII.

SANTA MARGARITA (UPPER MIDDLE MIOCENE) AND
JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS-

Pecten crasSicardo Conrad.

rage.

Figure 1. Exterior of right valve, altitude 165 mm., one-half natural size. Cata-
• logue No. 165615, U.S.N.M. Santa Margarita (?) formation; local-
ity No. 4766. This species is characterized by its large size, fine
radial striations and lack of prominent intercalary rib. Ranges
throughout the Miocene. Is usually more abimdant in the mid-
dle arid upper portions 21

Macoma vanvlecki n. sp.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, longitude 54 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
t logue No. 165576, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4763

(See PI. XVI, fig. 1) 65

SCHIZODESMA ABSCISSA Gabb.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, longitude 100 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165604, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4765. This .
species is believed to be characteristic of the upper Miocene, , , , 26

130

S, QEOLOOICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 39G PLATE XII

SANTA MARGARITA AND JACALITOS FOSSILS.

PLATE XIII.

131

PLATE XIII.
JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) ECHINODERMATA.

^oniNARAonNiu y GiBBsii(R6mond.)

Page.
Figure 1. Top, longitude 81 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165611, U.S.N. M.

Jacalitos formation; locality 4747. This large variety is be-
lieved to be characteristic of the lower part of the Jacalitos 25

2. Bottom of another specimen, longitude 87 nmi., natural size. Same
locality.

132

I. S. QEOLOGICAL SI

JACALITOS ECH PN ODER M ATA.

PLATE XIV.

133

PLATE XIV.
JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS.

MoNiA MACROSCHiSMA Deshajes.

Page.

Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 66 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165602, U.S.N. M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4767. This spe-
cies ranges from upper Miocene to the Recent fauna. Errone-
. ously called Placunanomia macroschisma 25

Tellina aragonia Dall.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, longitude 48 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165577, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4765. This
species which was originally described from the Empire forma-
tion at Coos Bay, Oregon, is believed to be characteristic of the
upper Miocene 26

Trophon (Forreria) ponderosum Gabb.

Figure 3. Back of young specimen, longitude 43 mm., natural size. Catalogue.
, No. 165590, U.S.N.M. Etchegoin formation; locality 4642.
This species is common in the Jacalitos formation and rare in
the Etchegoin 25

Chrysodomus imperialis Dall.

Figure 4. Back of nearly perfect specimen, longitude 57 mm., natural size.

Catalogue No. 165582, U.S.N.M. Upper Jacalitos formation;
locality 4767. This species, which is characterized by its broad
outline and peculiar reflexed varices, is believed to be character-
istic of the upper Miocene. It is found in Oregon, in Santa
Cruz County, and at one or two localities in the Coalinga district. 26

Trophon (Forreria) ponderosum Gabb.

Figure 5. Side of imperfect specimen; altitude 86 mm., natural size. Cata-
logue No. 165562, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4847.
6. Front of imperfect specimen, altitude 72 mm., natural size. Cata-
logue No. 165555, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4765. 25

134

S. QEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 33« I

JACALITOS FOSSILS.

PLATE XV.

135

PLATE XV.

JACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS.

Panopea estrellana Conrad.

Figure 1. Exterior of imperfect right valve, longitude 80 mm., natural size.

Catalogue No. 165568, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality
4765 64

Chione securis Shumard.

Figure 2. Exterior of slightly imperfect left valve, longitude 87 mm., natural

size. Catalogue No. 165599, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation;
locality 4763. This species, which is more inequilateral than
Chione temblorensis F. M. Anderson, is believed to be character-
istic of the upper Miocene 25

Macoma sp. a.

Figure 3. Exterior of left valve, altitude 29 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165588, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4763 64

Thais kettlemanensis n. sp.

Figure 4: Back of a d^coUet^ and otherwise imperfect specimen, longitude 53

mm., natural size. Paratype, catalogue No. 165614, U.S.N.M.
Jacalitos formation; locality 4763. This genus was formerly
known as Purpura 69

ASTRODAPSIS JACALITOSENSIS 11. sp.

Figure 5. Top, longitude 79 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165610,

U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4745." 63

Margarita johnsoni n. sp.

Figure 6. ^^^ront, altitude 6 mm., X 3. Type, catalogue No. 165663, U.S.N.M.

Jacalitos formation; locality 4765 69

136

JACALITOS FOSSILS.

PLATE XVI.

137

PLATE XVI.
^ACALITOS (UPPER MIOCENE) PELECYPODA.

Macoma vanvlecki n. sp.

Page.
Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 54 mm. Type, catalogue No. 165576,

U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4763. (See PI. XII,
fig. 2) 65

Macoma jacalitosana n. sp.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, longitude 70 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165613, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4765. 65

Paphia jacalitosensis n. sp.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, altitude 57 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165587, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4765. . 66

Thracia jacalitosana n. sp.

Figure 4. Exterior of cast of left valve, longitude 51 mm., natural size. Type,

catalogue No. 165579, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality
4763 68

DOSINIA JAilALITOSANA n. sp.

Figure 5. Exterior of right valve, longitude 95 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165575, U.S.N.M. Jacalitos formation; locality 4763. . 67

138

U.S. GEOLOGICAL 8URVEV BULLETIN 396 PLATE XVI

JACAL1T0S PELECYPODA.

PLATE XVII.

-I i

139

PLATE XVII.

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

OsTREA ATWOODi Gabb.

Page.
Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 59 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165531, TJ.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4678.

This species is believed to be characteristic of the upper Jacali-

•* tOB and lower Etchegoin formations, or middle portion of upper

Miocene 31

2;. Exterior of right valve, longitude 48 mm. Same locality.

MuLiNiA DENS AT A Conrad.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, longitude 65 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165559, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality
4682. This species ranges throughout the Miocene, but is more
commonly found in the upper Miocene. It is sometimes known

as Pseudocardium gabbi 54

4. Interior of left valve, longitude 75 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165559 IT.S .N .M-. Lower Etchegoin formation ; locality 4679 54

DiPLODONTA PARiLis Conrad.

Figure 5. Exterior of right valve, longitude 31 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165484, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality
4806- This species is believed to be characteristic of the upper
. Miocene; it is known also from Oregon 30

DiPLODONTA HARFORDi F. M. Anderson.

Figure 6. Exterior of right valve, longitude 28 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165485, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality
4806. This species is believed to be^ characteristic of the upper
Miocene and has so far been recognized only in the Coalinga
district ! 30

Cardium meekianum Gabb.

Figure 7. Exterior of decorticated left valve, altitude 70 mm., natural size.

Catalogue No. 165542, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation;
locality 4806. The external surface of this fossil is almost always
gone. It is an abundant species in one or two of the layers of
the lower Etchegoin, but has a range elsewhere from the upper
Miocene to the lower Pliocene 30

140

U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 3W PLATE X

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

PLATE XVIII.

141

PLATE XVIII.

ETCHEGOm (UPPER MXOCEHE) FOSSILS: LOWKR HORIZON.

Akca trilixeata Conrad.

I*agc.
Figure 1. Exterior of left valve, longitude 61 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165534, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality
4665. This species, which is variable both in outline and
number and spulpture of ribs, ranges from the upper Miocene
to the Pliocene. It is abundant in the upper Miocene marine

faunas in the Coalinga district 30

la. Umbones of same specimen.

Thais etchegoixexsis n. sp.

Figure 2. Front of slightly decojlete specimen, longitude 38 mm., natural

size. Type, catalogue Xo. 165533, U.S.N. M. Lower Etche-
goin formation; locality No. 4697. The genus Thais was for-
merly known as Purpura : 89

Paphsa tenerbima Carpenter.

Figure 3. Exterior of left valve, .longitude 83 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165544, U.S.N.M. Middle Etchegoin formation; locality
4664. This species is quite abundant in the middle Etchegoin
beds on White Creek and Anticline Ridge. It ranges from the
upper Miocene to the Recent fauna 31

Panopea generosa Gould.

•Figure 4. Exterior of right valve, longitude 104 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165556, U.S.N.M, Upper Etchegoin formation; locality
4658. This species ranges from the lower Miocene to the Recent
^ ^ fauna ■. 31

'^^. 142

J. S.'OEOLOOICALSURVEV BULLETIN 396 PLATE XVIII

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

PLATE XIX.

143

PLATE XIX.
ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

•E€?Ht yA«AonNR :s GiBBsii Rdmond var. ashleyi Arnold.

Page.

Figure 1. Top, longitude 60 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165548, U.S.N.M.

Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4767. An abundant form
at this locality, also in the Santa Maria district.

'BcnrN'AiiA'CHNius GIBBSII R6inond.

Figure 2. Top, longitude 54 mm. Catalogue No. 165547, U.S.N.M. Locality

4661. A relatively narrower specimen than that shown in
Plate XX,figure 7 30

Glycymeris coalingensis n. sp.

Figure 3. Exterior of decorticated right valve, longitude 42 mm., natural size.

Type, catalogue No. 165526, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin forma-
tion; locality 4806. This genus was formerly known as
Pectunculus 80

Mactra AI.BARIA Conrad.

Figure 4. Exterior of an imperfect right valve from which a portion of the

anterior extremity has been eroded; altitude 63 mm., natural
size. Catalogue No. 165552, U.S.N.M. 'Lower Etchegoin
formation; locality 4665. This species, which is believed to
be characteristic of the upper Miocene, is found abundantly
in Oregon, but only a few specimens were obtained in the
Coalinga district 30

Mytilus (Mytiloconcha) COALINGENSIS n. sp.

Figure 5. Exterior of imperfect left valve, altitude 100 mm., natural size.

Paratype, catalogue No. 165557, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin
formation; locality 4668. . , 73

144

S. QEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE XIX

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

■^^^

PLATE XX,

88866— Bull. 396—09 10 145

• /

I .•

PLATE XX.

ETQHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

Macoma secta Conrad.

Figure 1. P^xtqilor of left valve, longitude 75 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165592, U.S.N.M. Etchegoin formation; locality 4806.
This species ranges from the upper Miocene to the Recent fauna. 30

Neverita recluziana Petit.

Figure 2. Front view of decorticated and slightly imperfect specimen, altitude

36 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165486, U.S.N.M. Upper
Etchegoin formation; locality 4710. This species ranges from
the upper Miocene to the Recent fauna. 31

Glycymeris septentrionalis Middendorf .

Figure 3. Exterior of left valve, longitude 24 mm. Catalogue No. 165527,

U.S.N.M. Lower part of the Etchegoin formation; locality

4806. This genus was formerly known as Pectunculus 82

3a. Interior view of same specimen.

Modiolus rectus Conrad.

•

Figure 4. Exterior of right valve from which the outer surface of the shell has

been removed, longitude 86 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165535, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4698.
This species ranges from the upper Miocene to the Recent and is
characterized by its angular posterior outline 30

Neverita recluziana Petit var. alta Dall.

Figure 5. Front of slightly imperfect specimen, altitude 28 mm., natural size.

Catalogue No. 165489, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation;
locality 4709 . This variety ranges from the upper Miocene to the

Recent fauna 32

5a. Back of same specimen.

Macoma nasuta Conrad.

Figure 6. Exterior of slightly imperfect right valve, longitude 70 mm., natural

size. Catalogue No. 165514, U.S.N.M. Lower part «f the
Etchegoin formation; locality 4756. This species ranges from
the lower Miocene to the Recent fauna 30

EcHiNARACHNius GiBBsii R^mond.

Figure 7. Top, longitude 61 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165547, U.S.N.M.

Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4661. This figure illus-
trates a typical undistorted specimen. The specimens found
in this district are usually more or less distorted. The species
ranges through the Jacalitos and Etchegoin formations. (See
PI. XIX, fig. 2) 30

116

/^l

u. s. fiEOLoarcAL auRVEV

BULLETIN 396 PLATi XX

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

PLATE XXI.

147

PLATE XXI.

JACALITOS (EARLY UPPER MIOCENE) AND ETCHEGOIN
( UPPER M IOCBITE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

Thais kettlemanensis n. sp.

^ Figure 1. Front of decorticated and slightly imperfect specimen; altitude 82

Page.

mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165585, U.S.N.M.

> ^ Lower Etchegoin and Jacalitos formation; locality 4680 69

la. Back of same specimen.

Cbyptomya quadbata n. sp.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, longitude 35 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165525, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation;

* locality 4665 : 71

2a. Exterior of left valve of same specimen.

MuLiNiA DENSATA Coiirad.

Figure 3. Front of both valves, altitude 50 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165554, U.S.N.M. Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4754.
This species is usually confined to the upper Miocene, although
it is known to extend down into the Vaqueros. It is sometimes
listed as Pseudocardium gahbi R6mond 54

Saxidomus nuttalli Conrad.

Figure 4. Exterior of right valve 105 mm., two-thirds natural size. Catalogue

No. 165529, U.S.N.M. Upper part of Jacalitos formation;
locality 4656. This species ranges from the upper Miocene to
the Recent fauna " 31

148

JACALITOS AND ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

PLATE XXII,

149

PLATE XXII.

ETCHEGODT ( UPPER UIOG ESE) FOSSILS: LOWER HORIZON.

LuNATiA LEWisn Gould.

Page.
Figure 1. Front of slightly imperfect internal cast which, however, shows the

general outline of the shell. Altitude 90 mm., natural size.
Catalogue No. 165541, U.S.N .M. Upper Etchegoin formation;
locality 4665 . This species ranges from the upper Miocene to the
Recent fauna 31

Pleurotoma coalingensis n. sp.

Figure 2. Front, longitude 20 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165509,

U.S.N.M. Upper Etch^oin formation; locality 4806 90

TUKRITELLA VANVLECKI n. sp.

Figure 3. Back of d^oUete and otherwise somewhat imperfect specimen;

longitude 57 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165496,
U.S.N .M. Middle Etchegoin formation ; locality 4658 85

Tbophon (Forreria) coalingense n. sp.

Figure 4. Back of imperfect specimen, longitude 65 mm., natural size. Type,

catalogue No. 165540, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation;
locality 4857 87

Cryptomya ovalis Conrad.

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, longitude 37 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165589, U.S.N.M. Etchegoin formation; locality 4845.
This specimen appears to be intermediate between the typical
Cryptomya ovalis Conrad and Cryptomya quadrata n. sp 30

Mytilus (Mytiloconcha) coalinqensis n. sp.

Figure 6. Exterior of umbbnal region of a moderate-sized right valve, longitude

105 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165551, U.S.N Jil.
Lower Etchegoin formation; locality 4656 73

150

J, 8. GEOLOGtOAU SURVEY BULLETIN 398 PLATE X

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

PLATE XXIII.

151

PLATE XXIII.
ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE ) FOSSILS.

Pecten (Patinopecten) oweni Arnold.

PB«re.

Figure 1. Exterior of right valve, anterior ear slightly broken, altitude 85 mm.,

slightly reduced. Type; Coll. Univ. California. Foxin*B
ranch, Santa Barbara County. A characteristic species in the
upper Miocene 31

Crepidula princeps Conrad.

Figure 2. View of interior; longitude 106 mm., slightly reduced. Catalogue

No. 165315, U.S.N.M. Packard's Hill, Santa Barbara. Found
^ throughout the Miocene and Pliocene in California ' 31

AsTRANGiA coALiNGENSis Vaughan.

Figure 3. View of top of group of specimens, maximum altitude 20 mm., X 3.

Type, catalogue No. 165666, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin
formation; locality 4710. This species is believed to be char-
acteristic of the upper Miocene 34

152

ETCHEG01N FOSSILS.

PLATE XXIV

153

PLATE XXIV.
ETCHEGOm ( UPPER MIOCEW E) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON.

SiGARETUS scopuLOSus Conrad.

Page.

Figure 1. Top, maximum diameter 36 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165524, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4662.

This species ranges from the Oligocene to the lower Pliocene 32

Placunanomia californica n. sp.

Figure 2. Exterior of right valve, altitude 66 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165546, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation;

locality 4715 75

2a. Interior of same specimen.
3, Interior of left valve, paratype, altitude 67 mm., natural size.

OSTREA VESPERTiNA Conrad.

Figure 4. Exterior of left valve, longitude 57 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165536, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4715.. 77
5. Right valve, longitude 67 mm. Same locality.

154

U. 8. QEOLOOICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 3M PLATE X

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

PLATE XXV

155

PLATE XXV.

ETCHE60IN (UPPER MIOCEgE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON,

AND TULARE (PLIOCENE) FOSSILS.

ASTYBIS RICHTHOFENI Gabb.

Page.

Figure 1. Front of a rather poorly preserved specimen, altitude 11 mm., X 2.

Catalogue No. 165510, U.S.N'.M. Upper Etchegoin formation;
locality 4806. This species ranges from the upper Miocene to
thePliocene 30

Trophon (Boreotrophon) stuarti Smith.

Figure 2. Back of body whorl and portion of penultimate whorl, longitude 25

mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165492, U.S.N. M. Upper
Etchegoin formation; locality 4712. This species ranges from
the upper Miocene to the Recent and ife a boreal type 32

SeMELE RUBROPICTA Dall.

Figure 3. Slightly imperfect right valve, longitude 31 mm., natural size. Cata-
logue No . 1 6551 7 , U . S . N .M . Upper . Etchegoin formation ;
locality 4758. This species ranges from the upper Miocene to
the Recent fauna 31

Maotra coalingensis n. sp.

Figure 4. Exterior of imperfect left valve, altitude 52 mm., natural size.

Type, catalogue No. 165513, U.S.N .M. Upper Etchegoin for-
mation; locality 4806 71

Macoma nasuta Conrad.

Figure 5. Imperfect left valve, longitude 69 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165515, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4758.. 30

Bulbous Growth on Fish Skeleton.

Figure 6. Top, longitude52 mm., naturalsize. Catalogue No. 165495, U.S.N.M.

t Tulare formation; locality 4740 100

6a. Bottom of same specimen.
6b. Side of same specimen.

Fish Spine.

Figure 7. Side, longitude 49 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165493, U.S.N.M.

Upper Etchegoin formation ; locality 4740 100

7a. Base of same specimen.

Bulbous Growth on Fish Skeleton.

Figure 8. Grooved base, longitude 40 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165494, U.S.N.M. Tulare formation; locality 4731 100

Carcharodon arnoldi Jordan.

Figure 9. Back, longitude50 mm., naturalsize. Catalogue No. 165488, U.S.N.M.

Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4709. This extinct spe-
cies of shark is believed to be characteristic of the upper Miocene

and lower Pliocene ' 36

156

U. S. OEOLOaiCAL SURVEV

'-(

BULLETIN 39S PLATE X

ETCHEGOIN AND TULARE FOSSILS.

PLATE XXVI.

157

PLATE XXVI.
ETCHEGOIK (WPPER=HIQCEirE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZON.

Pecten coalingaensis Arnold.

Page.

Figure 1. Exterior qf right valve, longitude 58 mm. , natural size. Catalogue No.

165530, U.S.N.M. Upper part of Etchegoin formation; locality
4710. This species is believed to be characteristic of the upper

part of the Etchegoin formation at the top of the Miocene 31

2. Left valve, longitude 55 mm., natural size. Same locality.

Pecten (Plagioctenium) deserti Conrad.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, altitude 43 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165518, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation ; locality 4715 ... 76
4. Exterior of left valve, longitude 37 mm., natural size. Same locality.

Chama pjjllucida Sowerby.

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, altitude 42 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165482, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4710.
This species ranges from the upper Miocene to Recent, but is
found in the Coalinga district only in the upper Etchegoin.. . 30
6. Exterior of right valve; altitude 24 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.
165482, U.S.N.M. Locality same as last.

Transennella californica n. sp.

Fig^ire 7. Exterior of right valve; longitude 5.5 mm., X 5. Type, catalogue No.

165553, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4715. 72
7a. Interior of same specimen.

Paphia staleyi? Gabb.

Figure 8. Right valve of young specimen; longitude 8.5 mm., X 3. Catalogue

No.. 165516, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality
4715. This species is believed to be characteristic of the upper
Miocene and Pliocene. It was formerly called Tapes staleyi.. 31

Chrysodomus portolaensis Arnold.

Figure 9. Front, longitude 64 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165473,

U.S.N.M. Etchegoin formation; locality 4665. This species
is believed to be characteristic of the upper Miocene, and is
found abundantly in the lower Purisima formation near Portola
in San Mateo County and in several other localities south of
there 31

Cancellaria TRiTONiDEA Gabb.

Figure 10. Front, longitude 78 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165561,

U.S.N.M. Upper San Pedro formation, San Pedro, California.
This species is believed to range from the upper Miocene to the

Pleistocene. The specimen figured is from the type locality 31

158

BULLETIN 396 PtATE X

ETCHEG01N FOSSILS.

^ PLATE XXVII

159

PLATE XXVII.

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPER HORIZOIT.

Pecten (Chlamys) wattsi Arnold.

Figure 1. Exterior of right valve, altitude 61 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165550, U.S.N.M: Upper Etchegoin formation; locality
4712. This specimen is also from the type locality. The species
ranges from the upper Miocene to the lower Pliocene and is

found in the Coalinga district only in the upper Etchegoin 77

2. Exterior of left valve, altitude 76 mm., natural size. Same locality.

Pecten nutteri Arnold.

Figure 3. Exterior of right valve, altitude, 67 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165549, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality
4712. This specimen is from the type locality of the species,
where it is moderately abimdant. It is believed to be charac-
teristic of the upper Miocene and possibly lower Pliocene 31

4. Exterior of left valve, altitude 63 mm. Same locality.

Terebratalia smithi Arnold.

Figure 5. Exterior of dorsal valve showing beak of ventral valve, altitude of

former 22 mm., natural size. Catalogue No. 165512, U.S.N.M.
Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4758. This brachiopod is

very abimdant in the Pecten coalingaensis horizon 30

5a. Ventral valve of same specimen. Longitude 27.5 mm., natural size.

Calliostoma kerri n. sp.

Figure 6. Front of slightly distorted specimen, altitude 18.5 mm., natural

size. Type, catalogue No. 165500, U.S.N.M. Upper Etche-
goin formation; locality 4758 .: 84

^^^ Calliostoma coalingensis n. sp.

Figiu'e 7. Front view of slightly distorted specimen, altitude 21 mm., natural

size. Type, catalogue No. 165499, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin
formation; locality 4758 83

Nassa californiana Conrad.

Figure 8. Front of a slightly imperfect yoimg and unusually nodose specimen,

altitude 13.5 mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 165508, U.S.N.M.

Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4806. This species ranges

/ from the upper Miocene to the Pleistocene and may possibly

have living representatives. This nodose form is apparently
characteristic of the upper Miocene 31

Nassa californiana Conrad var.* coalingensis n. var.

Figure 9. Front, altitude 32 mm., natural size. Type, catalogue No. 165511,

U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4758 88

Clidiophora punctata Conrad.

Figure 10. Exterior of left valve, longitude 28 mm., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165497, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality
4806. This species, in wHich the right valve is somewhat flatter
than the left, ranges from the upper Miocene to Recent fauna. . 30
160

U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 I

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS

PLATE XXVIII

88866— Bull. 396—09 11 161

PLATE XXVIII.

ETCHEGOnr (UPPER MXOCENE) ECEDTODESMATA: UPPER

HORIZON.

ScuTELLA PiSRBiNi Weaver.

Page.

Figure 1. Top, longitude 46 mm. , natural size. Catalogue No. 165560, U.S.N.M.

* Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4712. This species h

believed to be characteristic of the uppermost Miocene and

possibly lower Pliocene _. 30

2. Bottom, longitude 45 nmi., natural size. Catalogue No. 165560,
U.S.N.M. Same locality.

AsTRODAPsis? sp. a.

Figure 3. Top; longitude 28 mm., X 2. Catalogue No. 165701, U.S.N.M.

Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4712. A common form in

this horizon 30

3a. Bottom of same specimen.

. :v . " '\- •

J E C IIINAIIACHIM 1 (J S GIBBSII R^moild.

Figure 4. Top of. young specimen^ longitude 33 mm., X 2. Catalogue No.

165537, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4710.
This is the most abundant sand dollar in the district and is found
throughout both the Jacalitos and Etchegoin formations 30

4a. Bottom of same specimen.

AflTHODAPOij gr sp. indet.

Figure 5. Top of young specimen, longitude 10.5 mm., X 2. Catalogue No.

165538, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality 4708.
Foimd in the upper Etchegoin formation 30

5a. Bottom of same specimen.

162

i. s. oeoLoaiCAL survev bulletin sk plate xxviii

4»

ETCHEGOIN ECHINODERMATA

PLATE XXIX.

163

PLATE XXIX.

ETCHEGOIN (UPPER MIOCENE) FOSSILS: UPPERMOST

FOSSIL BED.

LiTTOBINA MARIANA n. Sp.

Page.

Figure 1. Front, longitude 14.5 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165481,

U.S.N.M. Upper Etch^oin fonnation; locality 4718 86

LiTTORiNA MARIANA var. ALTA n. var.

Figure 2. Front, longitude 17 mm., X 2. Type, catalogue No. 165487,

U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin fonnation; locality 4730 87

Magoma inquinata Deshayes.

Figure 3. Exterior of left valve, longitude 46 nmi., natural size. Catalogue

No. 165483, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation; locality
4736. This species ranges from the upper Miocene to the Recent
fauna 30

SOLEN SICARIUS Gould.

Figure 4. Exterior of imperfect left valve; longitude 45 mm., natural size.

Catalogue No. 165491, U.S.N.M. Upper Etchegoin formation;
locality 4728. This species ranges from the Miocene to the
Recent fauna, and is particularly abundant in the Coalinga dis-
trict in the upper Mya zone 31

OsTREA VESPERTiNA Conrad var. sequens n. var.

Figure 5. Exterior of left valve, longitude 42 mm., natural size. Type, cata-
logue No. 165545, U.S.N.M. Uppermost Etchegoin formation;

locality 4728 79

6. Exterior of right valve, longitude 41 mm. Same locality.

Mya japonica Jay.

Figure 7. Interior of left valve, longitude 56 mm., natural size. Catalogue No.

165479, U.S.N.M. (Perry's voyage). . Upper Etchegoin forma-
tion; locality 4736. This species is intermediate between M.
truncata Linn, and M. arenaria Linn., and extends from the upper

Miocene to the Recent fauna; it is a cold-wa;ter form 30

8. Exterior of left valve, longitude 66 mm., natural size. Catalogue
No. 165480, U.S.N.M. Upper • Etchegoin formation; locality
4736 30

164

BULLETIN 396 PLATE X

ETCHEGOIN FOSSILS.

PLATE XXX

165

S. QEOLOQICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 396 PLATE X

TULARE FOSSILS.

INDEX.

Names In Ualic are synonyms; figures in italic denote Illustrations; figures in black face refer to

descriptions.

Page.

Acknowledgments to those aiding &-6

ActsBonsp 13

Agasoma gravida Oabb 18

kemlanum Conrad 18

santacruzana Arnold 18,19, 12£

Amauropsis cUveata Conrad 13, /^

oviformis Gabb U,ili

Ammonitessp 11

Amnicola Gould and Haldeman 48, 9^99

andersoni n. sp 47, 48,98-99, 167

longinqua Gould 98

turbintformia Cooper 98

turbiniformis Tryon 48, 99

sp 47

Anderson, F. M., fossils determined by. . . 12, 14, 18

on Temblor beds 19

work of 6

Anderson, Robert, fossils collected by 13,

17,21,29

work of 6, 6

Anodonta Cuvier 91,92

califomiensis Lea 92

decurtata Conrad 48, 91 ^

decurtata Cooper 91

kettlemanensis n. sp 47, 48, 91-92, 167

nuttaliana Lea 48, 91

oregonensis Lea 91

wahlametensis var. exilior Lea 92

Anomia lineata Gabb 11

AnthoBoa 14, 30, 34, 38, i5;J

Area 29,43

obispoana Com&d 17

osmonti DaU 17,19,180

trilineata Conrad 24, 25, 27, 30, 34, 38, 42, I4X

vancouverensis Meek 11

sp 30, 34, 38

Aichitectonica homii Gabb 14

sp 12

Arnold, Ralph, fossils determined by. . 13, 17,21,29

work of 6

Astrangia coalingensis Vaughan 30, 34, 38, 15S

Astrodapsis Conrad 68-64

Jacalitosensis n. sp 24, 25, 27, 68-64, 1S6

tumidus R^mond 30, 34, 38

whitneyi R^mond 21, 63, /««

sp 30, 34, 38, ifiS

Astyris richthofeni Gabb 31, 35, 39, /5«

Aucella crassicoUis Keyserling 11

Avicula linguseformis Evans and Shumard. 11, 104

Page.

Baculiteschiooensis Trask 11,104

sp 12

Balanus 29

concavus Bronn 32, 36, 40

sp 18,25,26,32,36,40

Barbatia morsel Gabb 13, 16, i08

Bathytoma 61

carpenteriana Gabb 61

var. femandoana Arnold 31, 35, 39, 62

keepi Arnold 62

piercei n. sp 18,61-62, 184

tryoniana Gabb 62

Belemnites impressus Gabb 11

Bibliography, outline of 6-7

Boreotrophon stuarti Smith 32, 36, 40, 88, /55

Bradiiopoda 14, 30, 34, 38, MO

Branchiolambrus altus Rathbun 18

Calliostoma Swalnson 88-85

coalingensis n. sp 31, 35, 39, 88-84, 160

costata Martyn 83

kerri n. sp 31,35,39,84-86, 160

varlegatum Carpenter 84

Callista 68

Cancellaria Lamarck 52, 60-61

andersoni n. sp 18,60-41, 184

elongata Gabb 14

irelaniana Cooper 13, 52, /i^

tritonidea Gabb 31, 35, 39, ifi8

vetusta Gabb 18, 19, 124

Cancer fissus Rathbun 32,36,40

Carcharodon amoldi Jordan 32, 36, 40, i59

Cardium (Linnaeus) Lamarck 57

breweri Gabb 13

cooperi Gabb 13, 15, i08

coosense Dall 30, 34, 38

meekianum Gabb .... 24, 25, 27, 30, 34, 38, 42, 14O

quadrigenarium Conrad 57

(Trachycardium) vaquerosensis Arnold . . 17,

57, 184

sp 13,24,25,30,34,38

Carinifex Binney 96-97

marshalli n. sp 47, 48,96-97,*/ee

newherryi Cooper 96

newberryi Lea 48, 97

Cassidulus califomicus F. M. Anderson 13,118

Cephalopoda 11,12,104

Cetaoese 32, 36, 40

Chama pelluclda Broderip 30,34,38, /58

169

170

INDEX.

Page.

Chico rocks, comelation of 9

f ossi Is of : 11-12,104

Chione 68

conradiana F. M. Anderson 17, 21

securls Shumard 24,25,27, i3ff

temblorensis F. M. Anderson 17,68,19$

sp 24,25

Chlamys Bolten 77

wattsi Arnold 160

wattsi Arnold var. etchegoini F. M. An-
derson 77

Chrysodomus •. 70

imperialls DaU 25, 26, 31, 35, 39, 15^

portolaensis Arnold. . . : . . 25, 26, 27, 31, 35, 39, 158

CInulia obliqua Gabb 12

Cirripedia 18, 21, 25, 26, 32, 36, 40, /^

Clidiophora punctata Conrad 30, 34, 38, ^^0

Coast Range, rocks of, correlation of 9

Conus Linnseus IKB-OS

fergusoni Sowerby, 62

hayesi n. sp 18,68-08, 118

owenianus F. M. Anderson 18,1S4

purpuraoeus Broderip 62

Cooper, J. G., fossils determined by 6

Corbicula dumbiei F. M. Anderson 17, IBB

Corbula parilis Gabb 106

Correlation, table showing 9

CrassateUites grandis Gabb 13,106,109

Crepidula praerupta Conrad 18

princeps Conrad 25, 26, 31, 35, 39, 15B

sp 18

Cretaceous rocks, occurrence and character of. 10-12

Crustacea 18, 32, 36, 40

Cryptomj.i Conrad 71

californica Conrad 71

ovalis Conrad 21, 24, 25, 27, 30, 34, 38, 71, 160

quadrata n. sp 30,34,38, 71, ^S

Curaingia californica Conrad 30, 34, 38

Cyclaramina sp 14

Cyiichna costata Gabb 13, 15, 1/^

Dall, W. H., supervision of 5

Dentalium cooperi Gabb 13, 15, n5

Desmooeras hoffmanni Gabb 12

Diablo Range, description of 7-8

Piplodonta harfordi F. M. Anderson 24,

25, 27, 30, 34, 38, 42, I40

parilis Conrad 24, 25, 27, 30, 34, 38, 42, 14O

sp 24,25

Dosinia Scopoii 67-68

conradi Gabb 67

jacalitosana n. sp 24, 25, 27, 67-68, 1S8

longula Conrad 08

mathewsonii Gabb 17,67,116

montana Conrad G7

ponderosa Gray 17. 21, 67, /j?4

subobliqua Conrad 68

Driliia torosa Carpenter 24

Echinarachnius 29, 44, 48

gibbsii R^mond 24,

25, 27, 30, 34, 38, 42, ISB, I44, I46, 162

var. ashleyi Arnold 144

sp : 47

Page.

Echinodennata 13, 18, 21, 24,25, 30, 34,

38, 47, 6S-64, IIB, 118, 128, iSB, 1S6, 144r-14e, 162

Ellipsosmilla granullfera Gabb 14

Eocene rocks, occurrence and character of. . . 12-16

Etchegoln formation, age of. 45

correlation of 9, 44-45

description of 28-29

fossiisof 29-41, 71-90, i^,iff-f

zones of 42-44

Ficils pyriformis Gabb 18

Field work, outline of 5

Field Work, former, outline of 6-7

Foram^ifera 13, 14

Forreria Jousseaume 59-60,87-88

bartoni n. sp 18,59-60, IBO

carisaensis F. M. Anderson 21, 22, 126

coalingensen. sp 32, 36, 40,87-88, 150

gabbianum F. M. Anderson 18, 60, 116

var. canoellarioides n. var 18, 60, /i5

kemensis F. M. Anderson 59

ponderosum Gabb 25, 26, 27, 32, 36, 40, 88, IS4

Franciscan formation, description of 10

fossils of 10

Fusus diaboli Gabb 14

martinez Gabb 14

remondii Gabb 13

Galerus excentricus Gabb 14, 112

Gari texta Gabb 14

Gasteropoda 11, 12, 13-14, 18, 21, 25, 26, 31-32,

3&-36, 2Q-4Q, 47, 51-54, 59-63, 69-70, 88r90, 95-
100, 104, 116-188, 134-136, I42, I46-I6O, 164-167

Geology, outline of 8-48

GlycjTneris Da Costa 28-29,80-83

barbarensis Conrad 81

branneri Arnold 81

coalingensis n. sp 30, 34, 38, 42, 80-82, I44

conradi Dall 81

estrellana Conrad 64

gabbi Dall 81

generosa Gould 64

grewingki Dall 81^82

intermedia Broderip 81

septentrionalis Middendorf 30,

34,38,42,81,82-88,1^

var. subobsoletus Carpenter 81

veatchii Gabb 12

sp 24,25, 30,34,38

Gonidea Conrad 92-93

angulata Lea 92

var. haroldi Dall 92,93

coalingensis n. sp 47, 48, 92^93, 167

var. cooperi n. var 47, 48, 93

Goniobasis Lea 44, 48,99-100

kettlemanensisn. sp 31

35,39,47,48,99-100,iff5

• nigrinaLea 47,^,166

occata Cooper 99

occata Hinds 48

vlrginica Say 99

INDEX.

171

Qryphostrea subevena Conrad.
Oyrodes sp

Page.
fiO
12

II.

Hemifusus wilkesana F. M. Anderson 18

Hinnltes giganteus Gray 21, lg6

Hoplites 11

Inooeramus whitneyi Gabb.
sp

12
11

Jacalltos formation, correlation of 9

definition of 28

description of 22-24

fossils of 24-26, IB-70

^ zones of 27-28, 198-138, I48

Johnson, H. R., aid of 5

Jurassic rocks, occurrence and character of. . 10

Knoxville-Chico roclcs, description of 10

fossils of 11-12

Knoxville rocks, correlation of 9

fossils of 11

Lagena sp 14

Leda gabbi Conrad 13, 15. 10, /O^

LeptothjTa 69

Literature, list of 6-7

Littorina Fenissac 8ft-87

grandis Middendorf 43, 86

mariana n. sp 31 , 35, 39, 42, 43, 47, 86-87, I64

var. alta n. spi 31, 35, 39, 42, 87, I64

petricola Dall 86

Location of region 7

Los Angeles, rocks at, correlation of 9

Loxorhynchus grandis Stimpson 32, 36, 40

Loxotrema turrita Gabb 14, //5

Lucina acutilineata 122

Lunatia homii Gabb 14, 15, 113

lewisii Gould 25, 26, 31, 35, 39, 150

sp ll,14,i/5

Lytooerassacya Forbes 12

McKittrick formation, correlation of 22 I

Macoma Leach 65-56, 64-66 |

. indentata Conrad 66 |

inquinata Deshayes 30, 34, 38, 43, 86, I64 1

jacalitosana n. sp 24, 25, 66, iS5

nasuta Conrad 21, 30, 34, 38, 05, I46, 156

piercei n. sp 17, 66-66, 120

secta Conrad 17, 24, 25, 27, 30;34, 38, 55, IJ^

vanvlecki n. sp 24, 25, 27, 66-66, 130, 138

sp 24, 25, 30, 34, 38, 64-66, 136

Mactra Linnseus 71-72

albaria Conrad 30, 34, 38, 14i^

ashburaeri Gabb 11, ^0^

coalingensis n. sp 30, 34, 38, 71-72, 166

falcata Gould 72

Page.

Mammalia 25,2^,188

Margarita Leach 96

johnsoni n. sp 25,26,69, i59

pupilia Gould 69

sp 31,35,39

Margaritana subangulata Cooper 48

Meekia sella Gabb 11,^0-^

Melongena sp 25, 26, 27

Mefetrix 4^-60

gabbi n. sp 13,49-60, 108

hornilGabb 13,50,109

ovalis Gabb 13, 50, /O*

uvasana Conrad 13, 50, 109

Metis alta Conrad 17,24,25, 118

sp 24,25,30,34

Miltha H. and A. Adams 67-68

sanctsBcrucis n. sp 18,67-68, 118

Miocene rocks, occurrence and character of. . 16-45

Modiola omata Gabb 14

Modiolus directus Dall 30,34, 38

rectus Conrad 30, 34, 38, /-^ff

Monia macroschisma Deshayes 24, 25, 27, 75. IS4

Morio tuberculatus Gabb 14, 15

MuUnia Gray 29,64-66

densata Conrad 17,

24. 25, 34, 38, 42, 54-55, I40, I48

var. minor n. var 17, 64-^, 116

Mya 29

japonica Jay 30, 34, 38, 42, 43, 86, /e^

Mytiloconcha coalingensis n. sp 24,

25,27.78-74,1-^,150

incurvus Conrad 45, 74

Mytilus (Linnaeus) Bolten 73-76

califomicus Conrad 74

(Mytiloconcha) coalingensis n. sp 24,

25, 27, 30, 34, 38, 44, 78-76, I44, 150

(Mytiloconcha) incurvus Conrad 45, 74

mathewsoni Gabb 22, 74

var. expansus Arnold 17, 74, 116'

Narona irelaniana Cooper 52

Nassa Lamarck 88-89

californiana Conrad 31, 35, 39, 88, 1«0

var. coalingensis n. var. 31, 35, 39,88-89, 160

Natica 31.35,39

Nerita triangulata Gabb 14, Hi

Neverita 29

callosa Gabb. 18

globosa Gabb 14

recluziana Petit 2.5, 26. 31, 35, 40, 44, I46

var. alta Dall 32, 36, 40. l^ff

sp 25, 26

Nodosaria sp 14

Nueula castrensis Hinds 31, 35, 39

sp 11

Ocinebra topangensis Arnold 18, 124

Olivella biplicata Conrad v 32, 36. 10

pedroana Conrad ! 32, 30, 40

Opalia sp 32, 30. 40

Orbitolites sp 13. 10*

172

INDEX.

Page.
Ostrea 60,77-80

atwoodi Gabb 24, 25, 27, 31, 35, 39, 42, 78, I40

aviculifonnis F. M. Anderson. ... 13, 15,60, 106

haitewis DaU 77, 78

Idrlaensls Gabb 13,106

lurida Carpenter 31, 35, 39, 47, 48, lff7

sculpturata Conrad 45, 78

(Gryphostrea) subeversa Conrad 60

titan Conrad 17, 19, 21, 22, 116, 1B6, 128

veatchilGabb 77,78

vespertina Conrad 31,

35, 39, 42, 43, 44, 7 4-79, 80, 86, I64

var. sequens n. var 31,

35,39,42,43,79-80, /^^
sp 13,31,35,39

Pachydiscus sp >r>^ 11

Panomya ]^ 68

Panopea Menard .>. 64

abrupta Conrad 64

pstrellana Conrad 25,27,64, ISff

estrellantu Conrad 64

generosa Gould 24, 25, 27, 31, 35, 39, 64, l^g

Papbia Bolten 48,6<M{7

Jacaiitosensis n. sp 25,66-67, 1S8

staleyl Gabb 25, 27, 31, 35, 39, 47, t68

tenerrima Conrad 25,27,31,35,39, 14^

truncata Gabb 31, 35, 39

Patinopecten oweni Arnold 15£

Pecten M Oiler 76-77

andersonl Arnold 17,19,120

^ bowersi Arnold 19

coalingaensis Arnold 31, 35, 39, 42, 44, 158

crassicardo Conrad 17, 21, 22, 25, 27, ISO

(Plagioctenium) deserti Conrad 31,

35,39,44,76-77, 168

— estrellanus Conrad 17, 21, 22, 25, 27, 126

gibbus Linnaeus var. concentricus Say. . . 45

interradiatus Gabb 13, 16, 108, 109

magnolia Conrad 19

miguelensis Arnold 17

morani Arnold 77

nutteri Arnold 31,35,39,160

( Patinopecten) oweni Arnold 25,

27,31,35,39,42,15;?

peckhami Arnold 13, 15, 16, /05

(Chlamys) wattsi Arnold 31, 35, 39, 42, 160

var. etchegoini F. M. Anderson. 31,

35,39,42,77

Pectunculus 12

septentrionalis Anderson 80, 82

See also Glycymeris.
Pelecypoda. 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 21, 24, 25, 26, 30-31,34-35,
38-39, 47, 49-60, 64-69, 64-69, 71-88,
91-95, 104-112, 1 16-130, 134-160, 164-167

Perissolax brevirostris Gabb ^^,104

Petricola sp 13

Phacoldes Blainville 67-68

acutillneatus Conrad 17, 31, 35, 39, 122

children! Gray 58

(Miltha) sanctsBcrucis n. sp 17, 67-68, 118

Pholadidea ovoidea Gould 31, 35, 39

Physa Drapamaud 97-98

co^ata Cooper 97

costata Newcomb 48

humerosa Gould 47,48, /5tf

.--iwftttsi n,§p 47, 48, 97-98, 166

Pierce, J. 11 .^Ibssils collected by 21

Page.
Pisania fortis Carpenter var. angulata Arnold . 32,

36,40

Pisces !.'... 25, 26, 32, 36, 40, 47, 100, i5»

Placunanomia Broderip 7fr-76

califomican. sp 31, 35, 39, 76-76, I64

cumingi Reeve 75

inomata Gabb 13, 15, 108, /09

macroschisma 134

plicata Tuomey and Holmes 75

Plagioctenium DaU 76-77

deserti Conrad 76-77

Planorbis Guettaid 48, 95-96

tumens Carpenter 48

vanvlecki n. sp 47,48,96-96, 166

virens Cooper 95

Pleurotoma Lamarck 62-M, 61-62, 90

coalingensis n. sp 32, 36, 40,90, 150

domenginein. sp 14,52-68, US

fresnoensisn. sp 14,68-64, /^

guibersoni n. sp 14,64, II4

(Bathytoma) piercei n. sp 61-62, 124

(Drillia) torosa Carpenter 64

Pllohippus sp 25,2G, 128

Pododesmus(Monia)macroschismaDeshayes. 75

Polymorphina sp 14

Potamides carbonicola Coox)er 14,112

Psephis tantilla Gould 73

Pscudocardium gabbi R^mond 55,1^

Puente Hills, rocks of, section of. 9

Pulvulina sp 14

Purpura crispata Chemnitz 89

lima F. M. Anderson 60

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