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LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON 
HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 


PAPERS  AND  RECORDS 


VOL    I. 


PRICE,  25  CENTS. 


NAPANEE: 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  SOCIETY. 

1909. 

PRINTED  AT  THE  BEAVER  OFFICE. 


F 


CONTENTS. 


Page 
Chronology  4 

Officers  Since  Organization 4 

Chronicles  of  Napanee 5 

The  Origin  of  Some  of  Our  lyocal  Names,  by 

W.  S.  Herrington 29 

i 

Yarker  and  Vicinity,  by  E.  R.  Checkley 41 

Some  Notes  of  Early  Ecclesiastical  History, 
—Bay  of  Quinte  District,  by  Rev. 
Canon  Jarvis 49 

Some  Early  Amusements  of  the  County,  by 

C.  M.  Warner 61 

The  Village  of  Centreville,  by  J.  S.  lyochhead...     71 


CHRONOLOGY. 

Society  Organized May  9th,    1907 

Constitution  Adopted June  nth,   1907 

First  Open  Meeting  held Oct.   25th,    1907 

Affiliated  with  the  Ontario  Historical 

Society March   3ist,     1908 

OFFICERS  SINCE  ORGANIZATION. 
Honorary  Presidents — 

Rev.    Canon   Jarvis 1907-8 

*John  Gibbard,   Esq 1907 

James   Daly,    Esq 1908-9 

Walter  S.  Herrington,   Esq 1909 

Presidents — 

Clarance  M.  Warner.*. 1907-8-9 

Vice-Presidents — 

Mrs.  Alex.  W.  Grange 1907-8-9 

Secretary-Treasurer — 

Ulysses    J.    Flach 1907-8-9 

Executive  Committee — 

Mrs.   H.   T.   Forward 1907-8-9 

Mr.    Fred.   Burrows 1907-8-9 

Mr.  Uriah  Wilson,   M.P 1907-8-9 

Mr.   George  D.  Hawley 1907-8-9 

Rev.   Alex.   Macdonald 1907-8-9 

^Deceased. 


CHRONICLES  OF  NAPANEE. 

Note.— These  letters  were  written  by  an  "old 
resident,"  and  were  published  in  The  Beaver  in  1873 
and  1874.  They  appear  in  one  of  the  Historical 
Society  Scrap  Books. 

LETTER  I. 

The  flourishing  Town  of  Napanee  is  very 
pleasantly  situated  in  the  County  of  Lennox  and 
Addington,  (of  which  it  is  the  County  town),  on 
the  Napanee  river,  six  miles  from  its  confluence 
with  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  to  which  it  is  accessible  by 
large  vessels.  It  lies  midway  between  Kingston  and 
Belleville,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  railway,  in  the 
midst  of  an  exceedingly  rich  and  enterprising  farm- 
ing community. 

Napanee  possesses  an  excellent  water  power  of 
some  'thirty  feet  fall,  capable  of  driving  a  large 
number  of  mills  and  manufactories,  and  as  a  grain 
market  is  unrivalled  by  any  between  Toronto  and 
Montreal.  The  town  is  one  of  the  most  healthy 
and  picturesque  in  Central  Canada,  and  is  becoming 
the  centre  of  a  large  trade  and  commerce,  and  a 
place  of  no  inconsiderable  importance.  At  the 
present  time  it  has  a  population  of  about  3,500, 
which  number  is  very  rapidly  increasing. 

Napanee  and  its  vicinity  was  first  settled  short- 
ly after  the  American  Revolution,  by  United  Empire 
Loyalists — a  noble  class  who  came  from  the  United 
States,  not  being  willing  to  live  under  other  than 
British  rule.  Those  men,  and  women  too,  under- 
went great  hardships  in  this,  the  country  of  their 
choice.  The  Government,  however,  nobly  rendered 
them  all  the  assistance  in  its  power.  Accordingly, 
in  1785,  Robert  Clark,  a  millwright,  who  had  then 
just  completed  a  mill  on  the  Cataraqui  river,  near 
Kingston,  was  employed  by  the  Government  to  con- 
struct a  mill  at  Napanee.  This  mill,  which  was 
built  of  logs  and  was  located  on  the  east  side  of 
the  river,  was  raised  on  the  23d  of  March,  1786. 
This  mill  was  called  by  the  Indians  "  Appanee 
Mills,"  (appanee  in  their  language  being  the  name 
of  flour),  and  our  town  from  this  obtains  its  name. 
At  the  mill  there  was  a  clearance  of  i%  acres  made, 
which  was  the  first  clearing  made  in  Napanee. 


6  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

In  the  construction  of  this  mill  there  were  sortie 
novel  appliances,  one  of  which  was  that  of  the  bolt- 
ing of  the  flour  being  done  by  hand,  each  customer 
having  to  turn  a  crank  to  bolt  his  own  flour.  After 
the  erection  of  the  mill  it  was  delivered  up  to  one 
Collins,  and  the  land  afterwards  granted  to  Capt. 
McDonald,  who  sold  it  to  the  Hon.  Richard  Cart- 
wright,  of  Kingston,  grandfather  of  our  present 
Finance  Minister,  R.  J.  Cartwright,  Esq. 

About  this  time  a  man  named  Smith,  whose 
posterity  are  now  living  in  the  Township  of  Rich- 
mond, started  a  smith's  shop  near  the  mill. 

On  the  28th  of  August,  1792,  Mr.  Cartwright 
commenced  the  erection  of  a  new  stone  mill  on  the 
west  side  of  the  river  near  the  present  foundry  of 
John  Herring,  Esq.  In  this  mill  one  run  of  stone 
was  first  put  in,  afterwards  two,  and  latterly  three, 
as  business  increased. 

Mr.  John  Grange,  a  canny  Scot,  was  for  many 
years  millwright  in  this  mill,  and  in  1800,  his  son, 
the  late  William  Grange,  Esq.,  was  born,  being 
the  first  white  child  born  in  Napanee.  Mr.  John 
Grange  afterwards  settled  on  the  farm  a  mile  north 
of  this  place,  where  the  family  has  since  resided. 

At  about  this  period  a  Carding  Mill  was  built 
on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  and  a  trip-hammer 
was  put  up  by  a  Mr.  Kesler.  Both  were,  however, 
shortly  alterwards  burned  down.  Kesler  soon  after 
erected  a  blacksmith  shop,  and  remained  here  for 
many  years.  He  was  an  odd  old  German,  and  was 
very  piously  inclined.  An  incident  is  related  of 
him,  that  on  his  visiting  the  first  caravan  that  ever 
exhibited  in  Napanee,  on  coming  to  the  elephant  he 
shouted  out  :  "Ghlory  to  Got  ;  only  see  vat  He 
has  made." 

After  Mr.  Cartwright  had  completed  his  mill  it 
was  rented  to  one  Crawford  and  others,  and  latter- 
ly to  Allan  McPherson,  Esq.  John  Hosey,  whose 
sons  are  now  living  in  Napanee,  was  brought  up  by- 
Mr.  Cartwright.  Having  learned  the  milling  busi- 
ness, provision  was  made  by  Mr.  Cartwright  when 
he  leased  the  mill  to  Mr.  McPherson,  that  John 
should  always  have  a  place  in  the  mill — as  long  as 
he  lived,  if  he  desired.  Many  of  the  older  inhabi- 
tants will  remember  him. 

A  distillery  was  started  at  about  this  time,  and 
the  highwines,  excepting  what  was  required  for 
home  consumption,  was  shipped  west  to  the  Hudson 
Bay  Company's  posts. 


CHRONICLES    OF    NAPANEE.  7 

It  was  about  the  year  1812  when  Allan  McPher- 
son,  who  had  married  a  daughter  of  Judge  Fisher, 
of  Adolphustown,  rented  the  grist  mill  and  opened 
a  store.  "Mac,"  as  he  was  generally  called,  for 
many  years  carried  on  an  extensive  trade  in  the 
purchase  of  grain,  staves,  saw  logs,  timber,  ashes, 
etc.  He,  indeed,  might  have  been  called  "King  of 
Napanee,"  as  he  had  everything  his  own  way.  He 
was  once  asked  who  made  him,  and  on  replying 
that  he  was  made  the  same  as  other  men,  was  told 
that  he  was  not,  that  it  was  the  Township  of  Rich- 
mond that  made  him.  Although  "Mac"  had  rather 
an  overbearing  manner,  still  he  was  very  good  to 
the  poor,  and  kind  and  obliging  to  his  friends  and 
neighbors.  He  afterwards  obtained  the  appoint- 
ment of  Crown  Lands  Agent  for  the  Counties,  and 
removed  to  the  City  of  Kingston,  where  he  still 
resides  in  quiet  retirement.  His  son,  Donald,  suc- 
ceeded him  in  business,  which  he  continued  for 
many  years,  but  a  few  years  since  removed  to  and 
entered  into  business  in  Montreal,  where  he  still 
resides. 

Among  the  first  ministers  who  visited  this  part 
of  the  country  was  the  Rev.  Darius  Dunham,  a 
Methodist  preacher.  He  was  known  far  and  near 
for  his  eccentricity,  and  we  think  a  story,  often 
told  of  him,  will  bear  repeating.  He  always  sup- 
ported a  good  horse,  and  once  when  riding  along 
where  a  party  of  men  were  doing  road  work,  was 
asked  by  a  new-made  Justice  of  the  Peace  why  he 
rode  so  fine  a  horse,  saying  that  when  our  Saviour 
while  on  earth  rode  an  ass,  and  why  did  he  not  do 
the  same.  Dunham,  always  ready  with  a  reply,  re- 
torted that  he  would  do  so,  only  that  the  Govern- 
ment had  made  J.  P.'s  of  all  the  asses. 

About  sixty  years  ago  a  schoolhouse  was  built 
near  the  railroad  bridge,  which  also  for  many  years 
served  the  purpose  of  Church  and  Town  Hall.  Here 
it  was  that  the  then  rising  generation  of  Napanee 
received  their  education  ;  here  it  was  that  the  Rev. 
Saltern  Givens,  missionary  to  the  Mohawks, 
preached  the  gospel  to  the  people,  while  John  A. 
Macdonald,  now  Sir  John,  who  was  then  a  student 
at  law,  "pitched"  the  tunes  ;  and  here  it  was  that 
the  "free  and  independents"  of  Richmond  met  each 
year  to  choose  and  elect  their  Township  Officers. 
That  old  schoolhouse  was  only  a  few  years  since 
taken  down,  moved  to  "Piety  Hill,"  and  converted 
into  a  dwelling  house. 


8  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

In  the  year  1824  a  plot  of  land  on  the  east  side 
of  the  river,  belonging  to  John  C.  Clark,  was  laid 
out  into  town  lots  by  a  surveyor  named  Rider,  and 
named  Clarksville.  Several  lots  were  sold,  and 
some  buildings  erected,  one  of  which  is  now  occu- 
pied by  Mrs.  McNeill,  widow  of  the  late  Archibald 
McNeill,  Esq.,  and  mother  of  "Archie,"— the  owner 
of  the  Campbell  House.  Mr.  McNeill  kept  a  store, 
was  an  active,  intelligent  and  enterprising  man, 
and  at  that  time  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the 
place.  His  respected  widow  is  now  said  to  be  the 
"oldest  inhabit  ant  "-of  the  town. 

For  many  years  the  only  public  house  in  the 
place  was  the  "old  red  tavern,"  still  standing  near 
Fralick's  blacksmith  shop,  which  is  now  used  as  a 
dwelling  house.  It  must  now  be  about  sixty  years 
of  age. 

LETTER  II. 

And  it  came  to  pass  in  those  days,  that  for 
many  years  Napanee  was  a  waste,  howling  wilder- 
ness, and  the  land  thereof  was  covered  with  thorns, 
briars  and  thistles,  and  as  there  was  an  entailment 
upon  the  land,  therefore  it  could  not  be  sold.  And 
Solomon,  who  was  a  wise  and  just  man,  said  unto 
his  brethren,  behold  the  land  of  our  fathers  which 
we  have  inherited,  is  a  goodly  land,  and  should  flow 
with  milk  and  honey  and  corn,  and  the  finest  of 
wheat.  Let  us  go  up  and  possess  the  land,  and 
build  a  city,  and  sell  the  same  and  get  gain.  And 
his  brethren  all  with  one  accord,  having  heard  the 
words  of  Solomon,  said,  it  shall  be  done.  And  it 
came  to  pass  that  Solomon  took  ship  and  sailed  to 
the  east  and  went  over  to  the  other  side  of  the  Sea, 
to  the  land  of  his  forefathers,  where  good  Queen 
Victoria  now  reigneth,  and  he  prayed  the  King,  and 
the  Commons,  and  the  Lords  of  the  land,  to  pass  a 
law  to  set  aside  the  entailment  upon  the  land  of  his 
brethren.  And  the  King  and  the  Commons  and  the 
Lords  heard  the  words  of  Solomon,  and  they 
answered,  let  it  be  done  ;  and  it  was  done,  and  the 
law  was  passed  by  the  Lords  and  the  Commons, 
and  signed  by  the  King.  And  Solomon  returned  to 
the  land  of  his  brethren  and  told  them  all  what  had 
been  done,  and  Solomon  was  afterwards  a  ruler 
and  a  judge  over  the  people,  and  was  in  favor  with 
the  people. 

Accordingly,  in  the  year  1832,  the  first  survey 
of  Napanee  Town  plot  proper  was  made  by  Samuel 


CHRONICLES    OF    NAPAXEE. 

M.  Benson,  P.Iv.S.,  of  Belleville.  This  plot  extend- 
ed from  East  street  to  West  street,  and  from  the 
river  to  Thomas  street,  containing  about  one-quart- 
er of  a  mile  square.  Several  other  surveys  were 
made  since,  so  that  the  town  now  is  nearly  two 
miles  square.  These  town  lots  were  immediately 
put  into  the  market  and  sold  off  rapidly  at  reason- 
able rates,  averaging  from  $100  to  $200,  and  are 
now  worth  from  two  to  five  thousand  dollars  each, 
besides  buildings.  Those  on  Dundas  and  Main 
streets  were  taken  up  first,  and  building  operations 
soon  commenced.  Among  the  first  to  build  was  Mr. 
D.  Pringle,  who  put  up  the  hotel  now  owned  and 
occupied  by  Mr.  J.  Culhane.  Mr.  Pringle  shortly 
afterwards  sold  it  to  Mr.  Miles  Shorey,  and  erected 
another  public  house  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
street,  now  called  the  Tichborne  House.  Those  two 
hotels  were  kept  for  many  years  by  Pringle  and 
Shorey,  and  were  the  principal  public  houses  in 
Napanee. 

Mr.  John  V.  Detlor,  about  this  period,  built  on 
the  corner  opposite  the  Tichborne  House,  and 
opened  a  general  country  store.  He  continued  in 
business  in  Napanee  for  many  years,  but  some  time 
ago  removed  to  Goderich,  where  he  has  acquired 
wealth  and  honorable  position.  About  this  time 
also,  John  Benson,  Esq.,  now  in  H.  M.  Customs, 
erected  the  building  on  the  corner,  now  owned  by 
John  Stevenson,  Esq.,  and  occupied  by  Thos. 
Waller. 

Here  Mr.  Benson  opened,  and  for  many  years 
kept,  a  general  store,  carrying  on  an  extensive 
trade.  His  head  clerk  for  some  time  was  the  late 
Augustus  Hooper,  who  afterwards  purchased  large 
quantities  of  grain,  and  subsequently  was  elected 
M.P.P.  for  the  County.  Mr.  Hooper  was  a  pushing 
man.  Several  other  buildings  were  erected  about 
this  time,  but  most  of  them  have  either  been 
destroyed  by  fire,  or  removed  and  replaced  by  those 
more  substantial.  Stores  were  also  opened  in 
Clarksville,  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  by  Mr. 
McNeill  and  Mr.  Ramsay,  which  have  long  since 
been  closed,  but  the  buildings  are  still  standing  as 
momentos  of  the  past. 

About  forty  years  ago  Mr.  David  Roblin  put  up 
a  building  opposite  where  Grange's  Drug  Store  now 
stands,  and  opened  a  store  and  had  a  large  trade. 
He  after  this  became  a  very  prominent  man  in  our 
County,  being  several  times  elected  Reeve  of  Rich- 


10  LENNOX    AND   ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

mond  and  Warden  of  the  United  Counties,  and  for 
many  years  had  a  seat  in  Parliament.  He  was  a 
very  energetic  man,  a  warm  friend,  and  an  obliging 
neighbor. 

A  few  years  later,  Mr.  Alex.  Campbell  put  up 
the  building  now  owned  by  Mr.  William  McMullen, 
opposite  the  Campbell  House,  and  opened  a  store. 
He  also  built  the  Campbell  House,  and  for  many 
years  held  the  position  of  Postmaster. 

And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  first  year  of  the 
reign  of  Victoria,  Queen  of  the  land  of  our  father 
and  of  the  isles  of  the  sea,  and  many  lands  and 
provinces,  and  who  ruled  with  wisdom,  and  was 
just  and  discreet  in  all  her  ways,  and  one  Lion, 
whose  surname  was  McKenzie,  who  was  evil  dis- 
posed and  stirred  up  the  people  to  commit  acts  of 
rebellion  and  to  fight  against  the  Queen  and  her 
people,  and  behold  a  man  named  James,  of  the  clan 
of  Fraser,  and  who  was  a  man  of  the  highest  stat- 
ure in  the  town,  and  of  great  energy,  and  one  Arch- 
ibald, whose  surname  was  Campbell,  were  appoint- 
ed captains  of  an  host,  and  they  raised  companies 
of  men  of  valour  and  who  were  ^not  afraid  of  these 
rebellious  people,  and  who  were  loyal  to  the  Queen 
and  the  country,  and  they  went  forth  to  fight  those 
rebellious  and  evil-disposed  men  and  to  defend  the 
land  of  their  fathers  and  their  children.  And  so  it 
came  to  pass,  that  the  wickedness  of  the  wicked 
soon  came  to  an  end,  and  many  of  them  were  killed 
with  the  sword,  and  many  more  were  put  in  prison, 
and  others  were  hanged,  and  peace  and  harmony 
was  restored  to  the  land,  and  the  captains  and  the 
soldiers  all  returned  in  safety  to  their  families  and 
friends,  and  the  old  men  and  maidens  and  all  the 
people  received  them  gladly,  and  there  was  great 
joy  and  rejoicing,  and  peace  and  prosperity  reigned 
in  the  land  for  many  years. 

About  the  year  1852,  Napanee  was  made  a 
Police  Village,  and  three  Trustees  were  elected  to 
look  after  the  best  interests  of  the  place.  It  was 
however,  still  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  .Town- 
ship of  Richmond.  But  in  1855,  Napanee  was 
created  an  Incorporated  Village,  and  elected  five 
Councillors,  one  of  whom  was  chosen  Reeve,  who 
acted  as  Police  Magistrate  for  the  Village.  The 
first  election  resulted  as  follows  :  John  Benson, 
Esq.,  Reeve  ;  Geo.  H.  Davy,  Donald  McPherson, 
Robert  Esson  and  Abraham  Fraser,  Councillors  ; 
James  F.  Battles  being  Village  Clerk.  For  ten 


CHRONICLES    OF    NAPANEE.  11 

years  it  remained  an  incorporated  village,  and  pro- 
gressed favorably  ;  however,  the  elections  for  mun- 
icipal honors  were  very  closely  contested,  and  gen- 
erally turned  on  politics  between  the  Conservatives 
and  Reformers,  sometimes  one  party  being  in 
power  and  then  the  other.  Protests  and  writs  of 
quo  warranto  were  then  quite  common.  For  several 
years  an  agitation  was  carried  on  for  a  separation 
of  Lennox  and  Addington  from'  Frontenac,  and 
through  the  indefatigable  exertions  of  John  Steven- 
son, Esq.,  the  matter  was  consummated  in  1864, 
and  on  the  first  of  January,  1865,  Napanee  was  pro- 
claimed a  County  Town  by  the  Government,  and  at 
the  ensuing  town  meeting,  B.  C.  Davy,  Esq.,  was 
elected  Mayor  ;  John  Stevenson,  Reeve  ;  William 
McGilvary,  Deputy-Reeve,  and  Win.  Miller,  John  T. 
Grange,  S.  McL.  Detlor,  M.  T.  Rogers,  John  Gib- 
bard,  John  Herring  and  Henry  T.  Forward,  Coun- 
cillors ;  Wm.  V.  Detlor,  Clerk.  Mr.  B.  C.  Davy 
was  elected  Mayor  for  three  years  in  succession.  In 
1868,  J.  C.  Huffman,  Esq.,  was  elected  Mayor  for 
four  years  ;  John  T.  Grange,  Reeve  ;  John  Herring, 
Deputy-Reeve,  and  S.  McL.  Detlor,  C.  R.  Miller,  T. 
Beeman,  W.  S.  Williams,  Alex.  Henry,  Jas.  Perry, 
M.  T.  Rogers  and  Thos.  Flynn,  Councillors, 

In  1871,  A.  L.  Morden,  "Esq.,  was  elected  Mayor 
and  has  been  re-elected  for  the  third  time.  The 
Councillors  are  :  S.  McL.  Detlor,  Reeve  ;  Wm.  Ross, 
Deputy-Reeve,  and  Messrs.  Joy,  C.  James,  J.  Fen- 
nell,  C.  Lane,  R.  Boyes,  R.  Bowling,  W.  F.  Hall, 
Dr.  H.  L.  Cook  and  J.  C.  Huffman,  "Councillors  for 
the  present  year,  and  W.  R.  Chamberlain,  Clerk. 

LETTER  III. 

OUR  CHURCHES. 

In  the  year  1835,  there  being  no  church  in 
Napanee,  the  Messrs.  Cartwright,  with  great  liber- 
ality, not  only  donated  the  land,  but  paid  the 
expense  of  putting  up  the  walls  of  the  old 

ST.    MARY   MAGDALENE   CHURCH, 

and  the  following  year,  through  the  exertions  of 
the  people  who  were  but  few  and  far  between,  the 
church  was  completed,  and  duly  dedicated  to  the 
worship  of  God  in  the  year  1836.  This  church  was 
a  plain  stone  structure,  about  30x40  feet,  with  a 
tower  and  bell.  Galleries  were  afterwards  put  into 
it.  For  many  years  it  did  duty  as  a  place  of  wor- 


12  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

ship,  but  for  some  time  past  it  was  considered  be- 
hind the  times  and  too  strait  for  its  congregation, 
and  during  last  year  it  was  taken  down,  and  the 
materials  worked  into  the  new  St.  Mary  Magdalene 
Church,  now  being  erected  on  a  beautiful  site  direct- 
ly opposite  the  residence  of  the  Hon.  John  Steven- 
son. The  corner  stone  of  the  new  church  was  laid 
with  Masonic  honors  by  Bro.  G.  Simpson,  of  H.  M. 
Customs,  on  the  first  day  of  July  last,  in  the 
presence  of  a  large  concourse  of  people.  The  walls 
of  the  church  have  since  been  put  up  and  the  build- 
ing is  enclosed.  It  is  a  handsome  old  style  gothic 
stone  edifice,  44x120  feet,  with  tower  and  buttresses 
and  will,  when  completed,  be  an  ornament  to  the 
town  and  a  credit  to  the  congregation.  The  entire 
cost  of  this  church  will  be  nearly  $20,000.  The 
Revs.  Messrs.  Bogart  and  the  congregation  deserve 
much  praise  for  their  indefatigable  exertions  in  this 
matter. 

Ministers  were  few  in  the  early  days  of  Napanee 
and  for  many  years  the  Rev.  Saltern  Givens,  then 
Missionary  to  the  Mohawks,  now  of  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Toronto,  preached  regularly  in  the  old 
church  until  the  year  1849,  when  the  Rev.  William 
B.  Lauder,  LL-D.,  was  appointed  Rector  of  Napanee 
Although  Mr.  L,auder  was  rather  of  the  High 
Church  order,  he  was  a  very  fine  man,  and  had 
many  warm  friends.  In  the  year  1862  he  returned 
to  his  native  land,  Ireland,  where  he  died  on  the  5th 
February,  1868,  deeply  lamented. 

In  1862,  the  Rev.  J.  J.  Bogart,  M.A.,  was  ap- 
pointed Rector  of  Napanee.  Mr.  Bogart  was  born 
in  Brockville,  graduated  at  Trinity  College,  Toron- 
to, was  ordained  in  1858,  and  for  a  few  years 
previous  to  coming  here,  officiated  at  Prescott, 
where  he  was  very  popular.  He  is  an  able  minister, 
an  excellent  reader,  an  estimable  gentleman,  and 
has  many  friends  who  esteem  him  very  highly. 

The  Rev.  D.  F.  Bogart,  who  is  Curate  for  his 
brother,  was  born  and  educated  at  the  same  place 
as  the  Rector,  but  only  recently  came  to  this  place. 
He  is  very  highly  respected. 

THE  OLD  WESLEYAN  CHURCH, 

erected  upon  a  lot  donated  by  the  Cartwright 
estate,  was  a  brick  building  46x60  feet.  It  was 
dedicated  to  the  worship  of  God  by  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Davidson  in  1840.  The  Rev.  Gilbert  Miller,  now  of 
Picton,  was  the  minister  under  whose  superintend- 


CHRONICLES    OF    NAPANEE.  IS 

ence  it  was  erected  ;  time  would  fail  me  to  mention 
who  have  occupied  the  pulpit  since  then,  but  prom- 
inent amongst  the  number  are  the  Revs.  Messrs. 
John  Black,  Robt.  Carson,  D.  B.  Madden,  William 
Haw,  B.  Slight,  and  several  others,  some  of  whom 
have  gone  to  their  reward. 

About  the  year  1860,  through  the  enterprise  and 
energy  of  the  Rev.  F.  Berry,  the  Wesley  an  new 
stone  church  was  commenced  on  the  old  brick 
church  site,  the  latter  being  taken  down,  and  in 
1862  the  new  church  was  completed.  It  is  a  plain 
stone  structure,  45x84  feet,  with  tower  and  spire 
155  feet  high,  very  comfortably  finished  internally, 
with  galleries  on  three  sides. 

The  Rev.  Wm.  McCullough,  good  man,  followed 
Mr.  Berry  ;  the  next  was  the  Rev.  John  S.  Clarke, 
who  was  a  most  enthusiastic  and  pushing  man,  and 
who  had  many  friends  ;  then  came  the  Rev.  Wm. 
Scott,  an  able  expounder  of  the  New  Testament 
and  a  zealous  advocate  of  temperance.  He  is  at 
present  stationed  at  Oshawa.  The  Rev.  G.  M. 
Meacham,  M.A.,  was  stationed  here  in  1871,  and  is 
now  on  his  last  year.  Mr.  Meacham  was  born  in 
Belleville  in  1833,  ,(his  father  having  been  for  many 
years  Postmaster,  and  a  prominent  citizen  of  that 
place) — graduated  at  Victoria  College  in  1860,  and 
was  ordained  the  same  year,  since  which  time  he 
has  labored  on  at  God's  command.  He  is  a  most 
zealous  minister,  a  warm-hearted  friend,  and  a  sin- 
cere Christian.  He  has  many  warm  friends  and  not 
an  enemy  in  Napanee. 

THE    OLD    WHITE    CHURCH 

was  commenced  about  the  year  1842  upon  the  plot 
of  land  on  which  the  new  M.  E.  church  now  stands, 
which  was  also  presented  by  the  Cartwright  estate. 
It  was  a  frame  building,  40x50  feet,  built  by  Ezra 
A.  Spencer,  contractor,  and  was  dedicated  to  the 
worship  of  God  about  the  year  1844.  The  Rev. 
John  Bailey  was  P.  E.,  and  the  Rev.  H.  H.  John- 
ston minister  in  charge  at  the  time. 

In  1872  the  Rev.  S.  G.  Stone  was  appointed  to 
this  place,  at  which  time  we  prognosticated  that 
the  name  had  the  right  ring  for  a  new  church.  And 
in  this  we  are  pleased  not  to  have  been  disappoint- 
ed. Mr.  Stone  was  born  in  the  County  of  North- 
umberland, in  1836,  ordained  in  1862,  and  had  been 
five  years  in  the  City  of  Ottawa  previous  to  his  ap- 
pointment to  this  place.  He  is  an  earnest  preacher 


14  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

and  a  clever  business  man,  and  deserves  great  praise 
for  the  manner  he  has,  with  the  efficient  aid  and 
assistance  of  the  congregation,  succeeded  in  erecting 
one  of  the  finest  churches  in  the  connexion  to  which 
he  belongs. 

This  edifice  was  commenced  in  June,  1872,  and 
completed  in  October,  1873.  The  building— which  is 
built  of  red  brick,  with  the  base  and  arches  of  the 
windows  and  buttress  caps  of  blue  and  white  cut 
lime  stone — is  103x46  feet.  The  spire  is  165  feet  in 
height,  which  is  finished  to  represent  colored  slating 
in  different  shades.  While  the  external  appearance 
of  the  edifice  is  exceedingly  handsome,  the  finishing 
and  arrangements  inside  are  unsurpassable.  The 
windows  are  stained  in  most  appropriate  patterns  ; 
the  walls  and  ceilings  are  very  tastefully  frescoed 
and  painted  ;  the  gallery,  finished  in  fret  work 
with  solid  white  ash  facing  and  scarlet  background, 
extends  across  the  front  end  and  two-thirds  up  the 
sides  ;  the  pews  are  built  of  white  ash,  with  walnut 
cappings  ;  and  the  pulpit  is  finished  in  a  style  in 
keeping  with  the  whole  inner  portion  of  the  church. 
The  cost  of  the  building  was  $i 7,000.  Besides  this, 
there  has  been  erected  in  it  a  powerful  organ,  at  a 
cost  of  $1,000,  by  Prof.  Phillips,  of  this  place.  The 
above  church  was  dedicated  by  Bishop  Richardson 
and  other  ministers  on  the  I7th  of  October,  1873. 

THE  CANADA  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH 

is  a  handsome  stone  edifice,  of  gothic  architecture, 
situated  in  the  West  Ward,  upon  a  beautiful  site, 
also  presented  by  the  Messrs.  Cartwright.  The 
building  is  about  44x65  feet,  with  a  tower  and  base- 
ment. Its  erection  was  commenced  on  the  ist 
July,  1864,  and  the  basement  opened  by  Prof. 
Mowat,  of  Kingston,  on  the  I2th  of  March,  follow- 
ing. The  main  audience  room  was  dedicated  on  the 
6th  of  June,  1869,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  McVicker,  of 
Montreal,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  McLaren.  The  church  is 
very  neatly  and  comfortably  finished  and  is  very 
creditable  to  the  Rev.  John  Scott  and  the  congrega- 
tion, through  whom  it  was  erected. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Scott  was  born  in  Northumber- 
land, England,  in  1824,  came  to  Canada  in  1852, 
graduated  at  Toronto  University,  and  was  ordained 
at  the  Rev.  Mr.  Macdo well's  church,  near  Bath,  in 
1853  ;  came  to  Napanee  in  1855,  officiating  in  the 
old  Academy,  and  afterwards  for  several  years  in 
the  Town  Hall.  Mr.  Scott  and  his  esteemed  ladv 


CHRONICLES    OP    NAPANEE.  15 

are  most  kind  and  attentive  to  the  poor  and  sick, 
and  have  many  warm  friends  in  Napanee  and  vicin- 
ity. He  is  truly  the  friend  of  all  and  the  enemy  of 
none. 

THE  ST.   MARY'S  R.   C.  CHURCH 

is  a  very  substantial  stone  structure,  about  40x60 
feet,  situated  on  the  corner  of  West  and  Thomas 
streets,  the  land  having  been  donated  by  the  Cart- 
wright  estate.  The  church  was  built  in  1855,  and 
is  very  neatly  finished  internally. 

The  Rev.  Father  Brown,  a  very  estimable  gen- 
tleman, was  for  several  years  the  priest  of  this 
church.  He  was  a  few  years  since  removed  to  the 
Town  of  Port  Hope,  being  succeeded  by  the  Rev. 
Father  Leonard,  who  still  oD'ciates,  and  is  highly 
esteemed  by  the  members  of  his  church.  He  un- 
obtrusively attends  to  the  best  interests  of  his 
church  and  congregation,  never  interfering  in  other 
people's  matters. 

LETTER  IV. 

Having  been  recently  favored  with  a  letter  from 
an  old  friend,  who  for  many  years  was  a  prominent 
resident  of  the  place,  we  have  taken  the  liberty  of 
inserting  it  in  this  chapter,  for  the  benefit  of  your 
readers.  It  was  with  great  interest  that  we  per- 
used it,  and  have  not  the  least  doubt  but  that  it 
will  be  very  interesting  to  all  who  read  it. 

I  have  experienced  some  difficulty  in  obtaining 
exact  dates  and  statistics  of  the  early  settlement  of 
our  town,  and  trust  that  where  errors  have  occurred 
due  allowance  will  be  made. 

The  following  is  taken  from  the  letter  above- 
mentioned  : 

Mr.  Oarfield  was  the  name  of  the  millwright  in 
1792. — John  Grange,  sr.,  supposed  the  farm  he  had 
the  patent  for,  the  lot  which  would  have  covered 
the  present  town  proper  and  water-power,  but 
Judge  Cartwright's  patent  described  the  falls  as 
one  of  the  boundaries,  so  John,  although  he  tried, 
could  not  get  possession  of  that  water-power. 
John,  however,  had  a  power  on  his  farm,  and  im- 
proved it. — The  trip-hammer  and  first  "Appanec 
Mills"  only,  were  burnt.— Old  Mr.  Kesler  was  very 
loud  in  his  devotions,  and  in  the  summer,  while  the 
windows  and  doors  of  his  domicile  were  open,  was 
frequently  heard  to  pray  that  the  "Tivil  might  pe 
sent  town  to  falls,  neffer  to  return  no  more."  He 


ir>  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

was  a  large,  powerful  man,  and  his  sneeze,  (always 
at  noon),  like  a  meridian  gun,  could  be  heard,  it 
was  said,  at  David  Hess's,  a  long  distance  oil.  His 
residence  stood  where  the  Rennie  cottage  now 
stands,  east  of  the  bridge,  and  his  smith  shop  a 
little  west,  below  the  road.  He  once  introduced  a 
German  friend,  the  first  temperance  lecturer  in 
Napanee,  and  the  first  to  use  the  old  school  house 
for  religious  purposes,  who  selected  for  his  text, 
"Touch  not,  taste  not,  handle  not,"  concluding  his 
remarks  with,  "vat  did  I  say  ?  I  don't  say  you 
shan't  take  none,  but  you  must  not  take  too 
much." — Mac  rented  the  mills  with  the  clearance, 
i%  acres  of  land,  in  1817,  at  a  yearly  rental  of 
^75°  ($3>°°°)  and  taxes. — The  first  school  was 
opened  in  a  building  opposite  the  "old  red  tavern," 
and  among  the  boys  of  the  day  were  Isaiah  and 
John  Huffman,  Donald  and  James  McPherson, 
Charles  McGreer,  John  Hosey,  George  Long,  Thos. 
Grange,  Davis  Hawley,  William  Caton,  Thomas 
Chamberlain  (the  late  Dr.),  Arch.  McNeill,  with 
others  who  have  passed  away. — Alexander  Young, 
imported  from  Aberdeen  by  Mac.,  was  the  first 
teacher  ;  Mac.  also  erected  the  old  school  house, 
about  the  year  1827.  The  nearest  schools  were  at 
Jehiel  Hawley's,  about  three  miles  east,  and  at 
Samuel  McCoy's,  about  the  same  distance  south, 
on  the  old  Kingston  road. — Among  the  first  to  fill 
the  pulpit  of  the  old  school  house,  which  was  open 
to  all  denominations,  were  the  Revs.  John  Booth 
and  Radcliffe,  of  Kingston,  Wesleyans  ;  and,  before 
the  erection  of  the  school  house,  by  Rev.  Mr.  Jeffers 
in  the  dwelling  house  of  old  Mr.  George  Carscallen, 
and  at  McCoy's  school  house  in  North  Fredericks- 
burgh,  and  afterwards  in  a  building  erected  by 
Mac.,  near  the  old  mill,  afterwards  used  by  Perry's 
for  manufacturing  purposes. — Charles  H.  Morgan, 
of  Edinburgh,  then  Deputy  Postmaster,  afterwards 
agent  of  the  Bank  of  Montreal  at  Cobourg,  and  who 
recently  died  in  Chicago,  assisted  John  A.  in 
"pitching  the  tunes,"  for  John,  poor  boy,  although 
displaying  a  bold  front,  had  not  much  tune  or  ear 
for  music,  and  to  this  day  can  hardly  follow  in 
"Scots  wa  hae,"  or  "Auld  Ivang  Syne.""  Although 
in  after  years  he  became  a  strong  pillar  of  State, 
he  never  was  an  inside  pillar  of  any  church.  He 
used  occasionally  to  attend  the  early  candle-light 
meetings,  in  the  old  school  house,  for  the  purpose 
of  "seeing  home"  one  of  the  beauties  of  those  days, 


CHRONICLES    OF    NAPANEE.  17 

whose  connexions  were  reputed  to  be  the  finest  and 
most  stately  of  Canada's  fair  daughters.  He,  one 
evening  however,  by  accident  or  otherwise,  offered 
her  the  wrong  arm,  which  she  at  once  observed  and 
rashly  inittened  him  on  the  spot.  She  was  after- 
wards wooed  and  won  by  a  handsomer  and,  as  she 
thought,  a  better  man,  and  is  now  living  at  Hay 
Bay,  twelve  miles  from  Napanee,  in  peace  and 
plenty. — The  old  school  house,  being  for  some  time 
unoccupied,  became  a  public  nuisance  for  disreputa- 
bles. It  was  taken  down  in  1860  and  removed  to 
Piety  Hill,  one  of  the  finest  sites  in  the  County,  a 
lit  resting  place  for  the  first  school  house  and  place 
of  worship  erected  on  "Flour  River". — From  which 
can  be  seen  old  Bay  Quinte,  Long  Reach,  Captain 
John's  Island,  the  Town  of  Mill  Point,  Prince  Ed- 
ward High  Shore,  and  the  County  of  Hastings. 
The  writer  remembers  seeing  a  portion  of  the  Mass- 
assaga  Indians  encamped  and  carousing  on  the  first 
site  of  the  previous  named  building,  who  afterwards 
removed  to  Grape  Island  and  Rice  Lake,  and  were 
christianized  by  the  Methodist  missionaries. — The 
funeral  sermon  of  Mr.  Hamilton,  father  of  old  Mrs. 
McNeill,  was  preached  in  this  building  by  the  Rev. 
Job  Deacons,  attended  by  a  large  number  of  Roman 
Catholics,  as  well  as  Protestants.  Mrs.  McNeill 
first  lived  in  the  third  concession  of  Richmond. — 
The  first  building  in  Clarksville  was  erected  by  the 
late  B.  Ham,  Ksq.,  and  the  second  by  an  Irish 
tailor,  Pat.  Phoney.  Where  the  Crystal  Palace  now 
stands  was  then  a  dense  wood. — Old  Mrs.  Hosey  is 
probably  the  oldest  continuous  inhabitant,  while 
her  son  John  is  the  oldest  native  born  and  continu- 
ous inhabitant  now  living  in  Napanee. — It  is  more 
than  sixty  years  since  the  south  end  of  the  old  Red 
Tavern  was  occupied  by  Archibald  Campbell,  since 
of  "Bald  Mountain,"  and  who  preceded  Henry  Mc- 
Laren, one  of  a  large  family,  still  residents  of 
Richmond.  The  latter  was  killed  at  this  tavern  by 
his  horse  "bolting"  into  the  yard,  and  throwing 
him  against  the  gate  post.  The  first  wild  beast 
show  was  held  in  the  same  yard  shortly  after,  and 
the  lions  roared  on  smelling  the  human  blood.  A 
man  named  Guy  had  a  "smithy"  where  the  present 
big  mill  stands!!— Of  the  "hosts"  who  were  sent  out 
to  fight  in  '37,  Fraser's  company  was  said  to  have 
been  the  best  officered,  having  the  tallest,  shortest 
and  heaviest  or  largest  round. — Fraser,  Ramsay 
and  McNeill,  all  gone  ;  none,  however,  died  on  the 


18  LENNOX   AND   ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

battle  field.— The  first  agricultural  society  in  Can- 
ada was  formed  in  1818,  for  the  United  Counties  of 
Frontenac,  Lennox  and  Addington,  by  the  Hon. 
Messrs.  Markland  and  McAuley,  and  Alex.  Pringle, 
Esq.,  of  Kingston,  (the  two  latter  being  publishers 
and  proprietors  of  the  Kingston  Chronicle,  now  the 
Chronicle  and  News),  and  Allan  McPherson,  Esq., 
of  Napanee,  now  of  Kingston,  who  is  the  only  sur- 
vivor, and  is  now  the  oldest  Magistrate  in  Canada. 

LETTER  V. 

The  first  postmaster  who  was  appointed  at 
Napanee  Mills  received  his  commission  from  Daniel 
Sutherland,  Esq.,  Deputy  Postmaster  General  of 
British  North  America,  in  the  year  1820.  At  this 
time  the  whole  mail  matter  from  Montreal  to  York 
(now  Toronto)  was  carried  on  men's  backs.  It  is 
said  that  old  Mr.  Andrew  Loyst,  whose  posterity 
now  live  in  Sheffield,  was  one  of  the  couriers.  He 
used  to  say  that  in  his  day  he  could  "out  go"  any 
horse,  by  striking  his  usual  "dog  trot."  From 
1820  to  1826  His  Majesty's  mail,  which  was  very 
small,  was  carried  on  horse-back,  three  times  a 
week.  Napanee  Mills  not  being  a  post  of  change 
of  horses,  the  bridle  was  thrown  over  the  horse's 
head  and  passed  through  a  hook  at  the  old  post- 
office  door,  where  he  remained  in  spite  of  all 
comers  until  the  mail  was  overhauled.  The  horses 
were  sometimes  changed  at  Fralick's  Tavern,  near 
Little  Creek,  and  at  Bowen's  Tavern,  near  the 
boundary  between  Richmond  and  Tyendinaga.  The 
noble  horse  which  usually  did  this  service  for  King 
George  IV.,  was  afterwards  owned  by  old  "Royal 
Blue,"  the  Arctic  explorer  and  whale  fisherman, 
who  was  a  man  of  iron  constitution,  and  lived  to  a 
very  old  age,  and  like  Esau  of  old,  was  a  very  hairy 
man. 

At  one  time,  while  the  school  was  going  on  at 
the  old  school  house,  Sir  John  Colborne  and  suite, 
all  on  horseback,  on  their  way  to  York,  halted  at 
the  school  to  enquire  which  road  to  take. 

About  this  time  there  was  a  Government  grant 
of  £600  to  improve  the  road  through  "Indian 
Wood"  to  Belleville,  and  J.  P.  Roblin,  Esq.,  after 
some  delay,  completed  a  bridge  near  Jas.  Bowen's. 
John  TJ.  was  then,  as  he  has  ever  since  been,  a  most 
consistent  "cold  waterman,"  although  engaged  in 
the  whitefish  trade. 


CHRONICLES    OF    NAPANEE.  lc> 

Iii  the  early  days  of  Napanee  Mills,  salmon  was 
very  plentiful,  and  in  their  fruitless  attempts  to 
ascend  the  falls,  after  the  darns  were  built,  were 
frequently  shot  by  the  sportsmen  of  that  date, 
among  whom  was  Joe.  I/owe,  a  black  slave,  whom 
the  late  Richard  Lowe,  Esq.,  of  Adolphustown, 
brought  with  him  from  the  United  States.  There 
is  no  more  shooting  or  fishing  for  poor  old  Joe  ;  he 
has  gone  where  the  good  people  go.  He  was  a 
great  favorite  among  the  children,  and,  living  to  a 
ripe  old  age,  was  cared  for  to  the  last  by  Mrs. 
Blanchard,  of  Picton. 

Among  old  papers  we  have  come  across  a  poll 
book  for  Lennox  and  Addington,  of  1830,  when  the 
election  was  held  at  the  cross  roads  between  Fra- 
lick's  and  Gordanier's  Taverns,  and  continued  for 
six  days.  The  candidates  were  Marshall  S.  Bid- 
well,  Peter  Perry  and  Samuel  Casey,  Esqs.  The 
election  commenced  at  9  a.m.,  and  closed  at  5  p.m. 
each  day.  It  closed  on  the  morning  of  the  fifth  day 
by  the  retirement  of  the  third  candidate.  B.  Sey- 
mour, Esq.,  of  Port  Hope  ;  E.  Perry,  Esq.,  of 
Tarn  worth  ;  W.  J.  Fairfieid,  Esq.,  of  Bath  ;  Asa 
and  Amos  Schermahorn,  and  John  Kimmerly, 
Esqs.,  of  Richmond,  are  among  the  very  few  sur- 
vivors of  the  loyal  electors  of  that  date,  and  none 
of  the  candidates  linger  to  solicit  support.  One  of 
the  voters,  John  Hillier,  lived  to  be  106  years  of 
age. 

Among  the  first  merchants  who  flourished  in 
Napanee,  I  might  mention  Richard  Robinson,  who 
occupied  the  old  Red  Store,  and  the  old  white  house 
near  Isaiah  Huffman's,  from  1812  to  1820.  He  was 
father  of  the  late  Thomas  Robinson,  Police  Magis- 
trate of  Kingston. 

In  1817  Allan  McPherson  took  the  old  Red 
Store,  and  in  '21  he  took  in  McGregor  as  partner 
until  1828.  Mac.  afterwards  ran  the  store  on  his 
own  account.  Frederick  Hesford  was  for  many 
years  a  clerk  for  him,  and  when  he  died  willed  the 
McPherson  family  200  acres  of  land,  upon  which 
Upper  Napanee  now  stands.  He  was  a  very  odd 
old  gentleman,  and  died  a  bachelor. 

About  the  year  1834,  B.  Ham,  McNeill  and  Mc- 
Henry  (father  of  Donald  C.),  and  Thomas  Ramsay 
opened  stores  in  Clarksville.  Many  others  embark- 
ed in  merchandise,  very  few  of  whom,  however, 
made  fortunes. 

After  the  old  mill  was  given  up  by  Mac.,  it  was 


20      LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

taken  by  an  Englishman  from  Newburgh,  who  was 
not  very  popular.  It  was  given  by  some  as  a  rea- 
son for  his  unpopularity,  that  his  hogs  were  too 
fat  ;  by  others  that  he  ground  too  close  ;  and  by 
others  that  there  was  too  little  flour  in  his  bran. 
However,  at  a  military  dinner  given  in  Shorey's 
best  style,  the  Colonel  being  present,  all  were  as 
happy  as  good  cheer  could  make  them  by  the 
"moisture  of  the  clay."  One  of  the  officers  who 
was  always  right  (P.  Wright),  volunteered  the  song 
"There  was  a  miller  lived  in  our  town,  etc.",  which 
so  amused  "Solomon",  who  had  never  heard  before 
the  song,  that  in  his  wisdom  and  for  the  benefit  of 
the  land,  bought  out  the  old  miller  at  a  good  round 
price.  It  was  about  this  time  -that  Mac.  built  the 
vsmall  mill  on  the  south  side  of  the  river,  where  oat- 
meal, pot  and  pearl  barley  and  split  peas  were 
manufactured,  and  here  the  coldest  and  purest 
spring  water  was  witched  into  "fire  water." 

Richard  Lowe  was  among  the  first  to  start  a 
fulling,  carding  and  cloth  dressing  factory,  near 
where  Perry's  factory  now  is.  Among  his  em- 
ployees was  his  imported  slave,  Joe.,  and  the  world 
renowned  Tobias  Mink,  one  of  a  very  large  family 
of  color  who  early  located  at  Mink's  bridge,  on  the 
Newburgh  road.  Of  this  family  there  is  but  one 
survivor,  Hiram,  the  youngest.  Poor  Tobe,  al- 
though he  lived  until  his  hair  got  white,  his  skin 
never  faded.  He  was  drowned  in  Napanee  river  a 
few  years  since.  Both  young  and  old  will  remem- 
ber him. 

Thomas  Dier,  a  dyer  by  trade,  and  who  died  a 
centenarian,  succeeded  Mr.  Lowe  in  the  business, 
who  was  followed  by  C.  J.  Cramer,  who  also  built 
a  distillery  and  a  woolen  factory  on  the  site  now 
occupied  by  James  Perry.  About  the  year  1830, 
Jacob  and  Peter  Ouackenbush  erected  a  carding  mill 
which  was  driven  by  a  large  inclined  horizontal 
wheel,  with  horse  and  beef  power. 

Levi  W.  Nichols,  Esq.,  now  of  Richmond,  in 
the  thirties,  built  a  foundry  on  Mill  street,  near 
Downey's  grain  store.  John  Herring  succeeded  him 
in  the  business. 

John  McGill  Detlor  erected  a  brewery  on  West 
street,  which  was  afterwards  run  by  Alex.  Margach, 
but  before  he  learned  the  art  his  means  were  ex- 
hausted, and  he  retired  from  the  business.  Part  of 
the  building  still  stands,  where  Warner's  store 
house  is  erected. 


CHRONICLES    OF   NAPANEE.  21 

B.  Atkinson  was  the  first  to  attend  to  the 
"understandings"  of  the  inhabitants.  He  had  a 
small  tannery  and  (shoe  shop  west  of  Napanee,  near 
New  I/iverpool.  He  was  followed  by  Robert  Mc- 
Guinness.  The  principal  part  of  shoemaker's  work 
was  done  by  tramps,  who  carried  their  kits,  stopped 
when  and  where  required,  travelling  from  house  to 
house,  and  carrying  with  them  a  supply  of  the 
material  required. 

About  the  first  tailoring  establishment  in  the 
place  was  Kdward  Matthews'  "tip-top  tailor  shop," 
over  old  Mr.  Hosey's  dwelling.  He  was  succeeded 
by  the  late  Kdward  Jenkins,  of  Richmond,  who 
built  in  Clarksville.  He  was  a  sure  fit  and  up  to 
time.  Next  came  B.  Foot,  of  Sand  Hill,  who, 
while  he  lived,  was  ever  ready  for  his  customers. 
Then  came  Robt.  Bell,  who  for  a  long  time  had  a 
good  run. 

As  cabinetmakers  and  millwrights  we  had  Wm. 
G.  P.  Bartels,  who  first  opened  business  in  a  log 
building  near  Carscallen's  burying  ground — a  fit 
place  for  an  undertaker.  He  also  made  sleighs  and, 
for  those  days,  very  fine  cutters,  one  of  which  was 
raffled  at  the  old  Red  Tavern  in  1825.  Bradford 
Tuttle  succeeded  Bartels  as  cabinetmaker  and  un- 
dertaker, and  for  many  vears  our  respected  and 
esteemed  citizen,  Mr.  C.  McBean,  carried  on  the 
same  business,  but  has  some  time  since  retired. 

John  Hawley,  Esq.,  of  Richmond,  who  will  be 
80  years  of  age  on  the  6th  of  March  next,  remem- 
bers many  of  the  incidents  previously  narrated.  He 
was  a  lad  when  old  Mr.  Kesler  started  his  trip- 
hammer, and  recollects  driving  one  of  eighteen  yoke 
of  oxen  which  were  employed  in  drawing  a  large 
oak  stick  of  timber  for  the  trip-hammer  shaft  for 
Kesler.  He  also  remembers  going  to  mill  on  horse- 
back frequently,  and  turning  the  crank  to  bolt  his 
own  grist.  Father  Hawley  is  still  smart,  and  can 
see  to  read  the  smallest  type  without  glasses,  hav- 
ing obtained  his  "second  sight"  a  few  years  since. 
He  is  very  much  attached  to  his  Bible,  and  has 
read  the  New  Testament  through  eighty  times,  as 
also  the  Old  Testament  several  times. 

Old  Mr.  George  Schryver  was  born  near  \Tapa- 
nee  in  1793,  is  now  living  in  Napanee,  in  his  8ist 
year.  He  has  remembrance  of  many  incidents  of 
the  early  times.  He  also  carried  grists  to  the  old 
"Appanee  Mills,"  and  turned  the  crank.  When 
about  eighteen  years  of  age  he  was  employed  in  the 


22  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

old  distillery  near  where  Perry's  plaster  mill  now 
stands,  where  he  served  his  time  for  a  year  with  a 
man  named  Tuttle,  in  the  distilling  business. 
George,  however,  never  followed  the  business.  He 
remembers  old  Mr,  and  Mrs.  Kesler.  The  latter 
was  a  very  fleshy  old  lady,  who  used  frequently  to 
say  that  "the  more  she  eat,  the  less  she  did  ;  and 
the  stiller  she  sat,  the  better  she  felt."  About  the 
year  1817,  George  thought  it  was  not  good  for  man 
to  be  alone,  so  he  woed  and.  won  the  hand  of  Mary 
Vankoughnet,  and  as  none  but  English  Church 
clergymen  could  legally  join  them  together,  they 
were  published  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  McDowall,  of  Bath, 
but  when  the  time  for  the  marriage  came  the  minis- 
ter was  sick  and  could  not  tie  the  knot.  So  he  sent 
a  certificate  to  Dr.  Jacob  Chamberlain,  Justice  of 
the  Peace,  who  made  them  one  flesh,  which  at  that 
time  was  legal. 

LETTER  VI. 

About  the  year  1834,  (some  forty  years  ago), 
through  the  influence  and  exertion  of  the  late  John 
S.  Cartwright,  Esq.,  the 

NAPANEE  PAIRS 

were  established  by  Royal  Proclamation  of  His 
Excellency,  the  Lieutenant-Governor,  half-yearly  at 
first,  on  the  first  Tuesday,  Wednesday  and  Thurs- 
day in  March  and  September,  and  afterwards  on 
the  same  days  of  the  months  of  June  and  December 
in  each  and  every  year.  Those  fairs  formerly  were 
advertised  by  hand-bill,  but  latterly,  having  become 
a  regular  institution  of  the  country,  so  that  every 
one,  far  and  near,  knows  when  the  Napanee  Fair 
takes  place.  Butchers,  pedlars,  hucksters  and 
traders  attend  from  various  parts  of  the  Province, 
while  the  farmers  and  others  who  have  stock  or 
produce  to  dispose  of  bring  it  to  the  fair,  where 
they  are  sure  to  obtain  a  good  price.  Thousands  of 
people  assemble,  and  tens  of  thousands  of  dollars 
change  hands  yearly.  Although  the  fair  now  only 
continues  for  one  day  every  three  months,  still  it  is 
a  great  acquisition  to  the  place.  Many  tales  and 
incidents  might  be  related  of  the  doings  at  the 
fairs,  but  we  must  pass  on. 

We  next  propose  to  take  a  retrospective  view  of 
the 

FORMER    BUSINESS    MEN   OP    THE    PLACE. 

many  of  whom  hnve  pnssed  awrsy.     Wo  hnvo  nlroady 


CHRONICLES    OP    NAPANEE.  23 

mentioned  the  names  of  some  of  the  pioneer  merch- 
ants of  Napanee,  viz.  :  Messrs.  McPherson,  Benson, 
Campbell,  Detlor  and  Roblin,  who  were  among  the 
first  to  venture  to  commence  trade  in  this  newly 
settled  county.  To  these  we  may  add  Messrs. 
Stewart  &  Ramsay,  who  carried  on  trade  as  gener- 
al merchants,  in  the  corner  store  of  the  Rennie 
Block  ;  they  also  built  the  dwelling  house  now 
occupied  by  Mr.  George  Wilson.  Mr.  Paul  Wright 
for  many  years  carried  on  business  as  merchant  and 
lumberman,  his  store  being  kept  in  various  parts  of 
the  town.  He  has  long  since  gone  the  way  of  all 
the  earth.  K.  A.  Dunham,  Esq.,  for  several  years 
conducted  a  mercantile  business — also  in  various 
parts  of  the  town.  He  is  now  Collector  of  Customs 
and  in  comfortable  circumstances  at  Port  Burwell. 
Robert  Esson,  Esq.,  for  many  years  carried  on  an 
extensive  trade,  in  a  frame  building,  now  burned, 
which  stood  where  Henry's  Bookstore  now  is  ;  he 
still  resides  in  Napanee.  Robt.  Easton,  Esq.,  for 
many  years  traded  in  dry  goods  and  groceries  ;  he 
is  now  Treasurer  of  the  town.  George  Wilson, 
Esq.,  for  over  twenty  years  was  a  merchant  in 
Napanee  ;  he  is  still  a  resident  of  the  town,  and  is 
ticket  agent  of  the  G.T.R.  Mr.  Alex.  Mackay,  for 
several  years  a  merchant  in  Napanee,  kept  his  store 
where  Mr.  Henry  Douglas  now  keeps  ;  he  some 
years  since  retired  from  business  and  shortly  after- 
wards died.  Henry  T.  Forward,  Esq.,  for  several 
years  traded  in  Napanee  ;  he  has  retired  from  busi- 
ness and  now  resides  on  Piety  Hill.  Hon.  J. 
Stevenson  for  several  years  had  a  large  mercantile 
trade.  He  retired  some  years  ago,  and  is  now  re- 
siding in  the  West  Ward  of  the  town.  He  was  since 
elected  to  represent  the  County  of  Lennox  in  the 
Ontario  Legislature,  and  was  elected  and  for  four 
years  served  as  Speaker  in  the  House.  Wm.  Miller, 
Esq.,  who  has  retired  from  .business,  was  for  many 
years  a  leading  merchant  of  the  place.  He  has  held 
several  positions  of  prominence,  being  at  one  time 
Reeve  of  the  town,  and  Warden  of  the  County. 
Thomas  Lamb  for  many  years  carried  on  a  mercan- 
tile trade,  and  some  years  since  removed  to  Brant- 
ford.  Theodore  Georgan  for  several  years  carried 
on  the  drug  business  in  this  place.  He  removed  to 
Barrie  some  years  ago,  where  he  still  resides.  Dr. 
James  Grange  for  several  years  was  engaged  in  the 
drug  business  in  this  place.  He  afterwards  studied 
medicine  and  practised  here  for  some  time,  but  is 


24  LENNOX   AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

now  practising  at  Petrolia.  Geo.  H.  Detlor,  Esq., 
for  several  years  carried  on  trade  as  a  merchant. 
He  was  elected  M.P.P.,  was  many  years  in  H.  M. 
Customs  at  Kingston,  and  is  now  residing  at  God- 
erich.  Mr.  Wm.  Wright  for  several  years  carried  on 
a  mercantile  trade  in  Napanee,  but  for  some  years 
past  he  has  been  doing  business  at  Tweed,  in  Has- 
tings. Mr.  EH  Clark  also  carried  on  a  mercantile 
trade  for  some  time  ;  he  afterwards  removed  to 
Kaladar,  and  is  now  keeping  a  temperance  house  in 
Picton.  Arch.  McNeill,  Esq.,  for  a  number  of  years 
kept  a  store  in  Clarksville,  but  has  been  dead  for 
many  years.  Charles  James,  Esq.,  was  for  many 
years  a  merchant  in  this  place,  and  is  now  Clerk  of 
the  Division  Court.  William  Parrish,  Esq.,  also 
for  many  years  carried  on  the  hardware  trade  in 
Napanee,  and  has  retired  from  business.  Would 
time  permit,  I  might  mention  Maley  &  Fraser, 
Neilson,  Prior,  Foot,  Fraser,  and  others  who  have 
carried  on  business  in  Napanee  during  the  past 
forty  years. 

SLEIGHING   FORTY   YEARS    AGO. 

The  extremely  fine  sleighing  we  are  at  present 
favored  with,  and  the  dashing  equipages  and  turn- 
outs our  present  generation  supports,  very  forcibly 
calls  to  our  mind  what  sleighing  wras  in  olden 
times,  when  young  Canada  had  not  yet  developed 
that  fondness  for  everything  "fast",  which  may 
now  be  said  to  be  the  predominating  trait  of  its 
character.  Country  visits  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Napanee  were  then  the  favorite  resorts  for  sleigh- 
ing parties,  and  box-sleds  the  popular  vehicles.  A 
cutter  was  a  rarity,  even  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago,  and  the  young  man  who  could  drive  in  one  be- 
hind a  spanking  team  was  considered  a  youth  of 
wealthy  pretensions  and  a  prize  worthy  of  the  de- 
mulcent darts  of  the  daughters  of  designing 
mothers. 

Instead  of  going  out  for  a  jaunt  in  single  sleighs 
with  no  special  place  to  visit,  our  fathers  organized 
sleighing  parties  to  go  in  a  "bunch",  and  jolly  in- 
deed those  parties  must  have  been  from  their  ac- 
counts. "Bill."  or  "Sally"  went  around  to  their 
neighbors  and  gave  the  invitations,  while  the  own- 
ers of  big  "bobs"  were  called  upon  to  be  on  hand 
at  a  certain  time  to  carry  the  partv  to  its  destina- 
tion. When  the  team  came,  the  driver  went  from 
house  to  house,  as  directed,  picking  up  one  here  nnd 


CHRONICLES    OP    NAPANEE.  25 

another  there,  until  the  full  complement  was  made 
up,  when  off  they  started  at  a  tearing  pace— they 
called  it  a  "tearing"  pace  in  those  days — and  with 
merry  mirth  and  many  a  joke  they  enlivened  the 
way  to  their  intended  resort.  Many  a  time,  on  the 
way  thither,  the  cap  of  an  unlucky  wight  would 
suddenly  and  mysteriously  disappear  over  the  side 
of  the  sleigh,  and  go  whirling  into  the  deep  snow  ; 
and,  when  the  horses  were  stopped  to  allow  him  to 
recover  his  lost  head-gear,  the  chances  were  nine 
out  of  ten  that  they  would  be  started  upon  a  brisk 
trot  before  he  had  time  to  quite  reach  the  sleigh  or 
recover  his  seat,  thus  giving  him  an  opportunity  to 
display  his  pedestrian  powers. 

We  remember  an  incident  of  a  sleigh  load  going 
oil  some  five  miles  to  visit  an  old  friend.  The  night 
was  bitter  cold,  and  when  they  got  there  the  family 
were  not  at  home,  having  gone  off  visiting  them- 
selves. What  was  to  be  done  ?  The  next  neighbor 
was  a  "jolly  good  fellow",  so  they  soon  agreed  to 
go  and  visit  him.  On  they  went,  and  were  soon  at 
his  fireside,  with  "very  glad  to  see  you  all  ;  take 
off  your  coats  and  make  yourself  at  home."  One  of 
the  party,  unfortunately,  happened  to  enquire 
"where  is  neighbor  so  and  so  ;  we  came  to  visit 
them,  and  as  they  were  not  at  home,  thought  we 
would  come  and  see  you."  "Is  that  so,"  replied 
the  neighbor,  "then  warm  yourself  quick,  and  be  off 
as  soon  as  you  can.  You  can't  visit  here,"  and  so 
they  departed,  much  chagrined. 

LETTER  VII. 

We  are  acquainted  with  an  old  gentleman  who 
was  bar-keeper  for  some  time  in  the  "Old  Red 
Tavern,"  and  received  $2.00  per  day  in  specie  for 
his  services,  being  acknowledged  an  excellent  bar- 
keeper. He  was  converted,  and  has  for  forty  years 
been  a  Methodist  class-leader. 

Dr.  Dier  was  the  first  M.  D.  who  settled  in 
Napanee.  He  built  the  house  in  Clarksville  now 
occupied  by  Mr.  Coleman  McCoy,  and  had  the  re- 
putation of  being  a  good  doctor.  Dr.  Brewster, 
and  then  old  Dr.  David  Allen,  who  for  many  years 
kept  a  dispensary,  did  an  office  practice.  He  re- 
moved to  South  Fredericksburgh,  where  he  kept  the 
Sandhurst  postofnce.  Old  Dr.  Chamberlain  for 
many  years  practised  his  profession  near  Napanee, 
and  was  succeeded  -by  his  son  Thomas,  who  for  a 
long  time  had  a  large  and  lucrative  practice,  and 


2fi  LENNOX   AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

who  only  a  short  time  since  ceased  to  work  and 
live. 

Old  'Squire  Embury,  an  Irishman,  about  eighty 
years  ago,  worked  at  cabinet-making  business.  A 
friend  of  ours  has  a  secretary  that  he  made,  of 
cherry  and  black  walnut,  which  is  as  sound  as  when 
first  made,  and  not  a  crack,  break  or  shrink  is  to 
be  found  in  it  ;  it  is  somewhat  ancient  in  appear- 
ance. He  and  old  Mr.  Samuel  McCoy  were  the 
founders  of  Methodism  in  the  Midland  District,  if 
not,  as  we  think,  in  Canada. 

The  early  wheelrights  were  James  Hart  and 
Samuel  Janes,  the  latter  of  whom  but  recently 
died.  He  was  well  known  in  Napanee. 

The  first  professional  baker  was  Richard  Gabell, 
who  opened  his  bakery  in  Mrs.  George's  old  place 
in  Clarksville.  His  bread  had  the  reputation  of 
although  always  being  heavy,  yet  never  turned  the 
scale. 

William  Fell  was  the  first  to  put  up  a  barber's 
pole.  After  several  years'  practice  in  the  tonsorial 
art,  he  removed  to  Fresco tt,  where  he  now  carries 
on  the  same  profession,  and  where  he  has  acquired 
considerable  property.  He  has  grown  somewhat 
gray,  but  is  no  larger  than  when  here.  Many 
others  have  succeeded  him  in  Napanee  in  the  trade. 

Of  coopers,  Joseph  Card,  now  of  Camden, 
Willie  Alexander,  and  Willie  Gorden  were  the  first. 

Of  the  first  carpenters  to  work  in  Napanee,  was 
Mr.  Blan chard,  whose  widow  Dr.  Ruttan's  father 
married,  Henry  Schermahorn,  Joseph  Bradshaw, 
the  latter  of  whom  put  up  a  brewery  where  Steven- 
son's old  store  house  stood.  He  afterwards  bought 
the  site  of  Wright's  saw  mill.  He  was  killed  by 
his  team  running  away.  Peter  Barton  was  the 
"simon  pure"  for  barn  building.  It  was  he  who 
put  up  the  old  school  house.  Samuel  Shaw  could 
frame  a  saw-mill,  use  the  slick,  and  was  quite  a 
chiseler. 

Peter  Kesler,  son  of  Jacob,  was  a  smithy,  and 
quite  a  genius,  made  a  galvanic  battery  and  a  small 
side- wheel  boat,  but  the  battery  would  not  work, 
so  the  wheels  refused  to  go.  Had  he  known  as 
much  of  the  spark  as  is  now  known,  he  might  have 
managed  it.  David  Hess,  his  brother-in-law  Gay, 
and  Matthew  McCoy  also  worked  as  Smiths. 

Hugh  McMullen  (alias  Walliper),  who  in  idle 
hours  delighted  in  writing  poetry,  »some  of  which  is 
still  extant,  was  a  mason. 


CHRONICLES    OP    NAPANEE.  27 

Our  bricklayers  were  'Squire  Maybee,  Willie 
Napier,  and  Conger  &  Sons.  The  sons  still  live 
and  follow  the  same  trade. 

Of  distillers  one  Tuttle,  Alex.  Stalker,  Robt. 
Wilson,  Thomas  Funnell,  and  Neil  McCarron. 
Tuttle  was  said  to  have  had  a  large  amount  of  gold 
and  silver  coin  hid  away  in  a  pot,  but  which  was 
never,  to  our  knowledge,  discovered. 

In  1832,  one  Wilson  was  attacked  with  cholera, 
with  which  he  died.  An  hospital  was  fitted  up  and 
furnished,  about  where  Geo.  Schryver  has  his  steam 
pumping  engine  for  the  G.  T.  R.,  which  had  only 
one  patient.  Afterward,  one  Johnnie  Fie,  who  had 
his  leg  broken,  had  it  amputated  in  said  hospital. 

For  the  amusement  of  our  readers  we  re-pro- 
duce the  following 

POETIC   DESCRIPTION   OF   NAPANEE, 

By  the  late  Ira  Beeman,  Esq.,  which  is  taken  from 
the  first  number  of  the  Napanee  Bee,  printed  Octo- 
ber 1 9th,  1850  : 

Where  lately  the  forest  in  dreariness  stood, 

Where   Shippe-caw's*  wigwam  was  found  in  the  wood, 

Where  naught  but  the  owl  broke  the  silence  of  night, 

I  here  for  a  while  your  attention  invite — 

The  axeman  directed  his  steps  to  this  place  ; 

He  cared  not  for  Shippe-caw's  title  or  grace  ; 

But  boldly  the  felling  of  timber  commenced  ; 

His  cabin  he  built,  and  his  garden  he  fenced. 

But  mark  ye  the  change  !   in  a  few  passing  years, 

Prom  cabin  to  hamlet,  a  Town  now  appears  ; 

Here  trees,  that  long  braved  the  wind's  mad  career, 

Fall  prostrate  to  man — but  again  they  appear, 

True  Phoenix-like  rising-  : — but  think  it  not  strange — 

Stupendous  buildings  came  forth  in  the  change. 

Throe  churches,  in  honor  of  God,  here  we  find, 

Where  people  to  worship  seem  deeply  inclined. 

And  learning,  the  handmaid  of  truth  and  true  grace, 

Through  Grange**  is  diffusing  her  luminous  rays  ; 

May  learning  and  Virtue,  Politeness  and  cheer, 

With  r-oncord  unite  and  forever  reign  here. 

Four  hotels  are  open  where  trav'lers  alight, 

Refresh  and  pass  on,  or  repose  through  the  night. 

Good  stabling,  soft  couches,  and  sumptuous  fare, 

With  kindest   attention  are  yours   whilst  you're  there. 

Two  stages,  diurnally,  here  you  may  hail, 

With   passengers,  packages,   papers  and  mail  ; 

In  meteor  like  splendour,  they  rush  to  us  here, 

Change  horses  and  mailing,  and  then  disappear. 

Some  twenty  stiff  merchants  and  grocers  maintain, 

Extensive  transactions  of  business  and  gain  ; 

Some  deal  upon  credit — a  caution  I'd  give. 

*An  Indian  Chief. 

**Prindpal  of  Napanee  Academy. 


28      LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

Two  lawyers,  they  tell  us  have  come  here  to  live. 

And  mark  ye,  delinquents,  they're  saucy  and  bold  ! 

When  they  count  your  money,  your  fortune  is  told. 

Two  drug-gists  will  serve  you  with  powders  and  pills, 

With  grains,  scruples,  drachms,  and  with  ounces  and  grills  ; 

With  oils,  paints  and  dye  stuffs  of  every  name, 

So  if  you're  not  furnished,  pray  who  is  to  blame  ¥ 

Should  pain  or  disaster,   or  sickness  appal, 

Six  knights  of  the  lancet  will  rise  at  your  call, 

Prescribe  or   administer,   just  as  you  please  ; 

Full  glad  to  relieve  you  and  pocket  their  fees. 

But  should  your  infirmity  baffle  their  skill, 

Despair  not,  dear  sufferer,  there's  hope  for  you  still  ; 

To  one  of  the  druggists  make  haste  to  apply, 

His  patent,  his  potent  restoratives  try, 

And  death  will  relinquish  his  strong  iron  hold, 

And  you'll  soon  recover  ;  if  all's  true  that's  told. 

Our  masterly   water-power  proudly   propels, 

A  train  of  machineries,  factories  and  mills, 

Stupendous  and  costly,  conveniently  they  stand 

To  water  conveyance  and  thoroughfares — grand. 

Of  still-house  and  brewery,  I  just  turn  to  say, 

Their  fires  are  extinguished  ; — may  long  be  the  day 

Before  they're  re-kindled,  to  waste  and  destroy, 

And  issue  their  poison  our  peace  to  annoy. 

Teetolars  and  tipplers,  the  sober  and  gay, 

While  striving  to  see  which  should  carry  the  sway, 

The  "Sons"  to  the  rescue — their  banners  unfurled  ; 

And  the  Bee  shall  their  conquest  proclaim  to  the  world. 

Of  artists  and  craftsmen,  you'll  please  understand. 

We've  Sculptor,  and  printers  and  painters  at  hand. 

And  handicraft,  knowing  the  wants  of  the  day, 

Come  hither  his  masterly  art  to  display  ; 

He'll  carriages  furnish,  for  business1  or  pleasure, 

And  sofas  to  rest  on,  as  you  can  find  leisure. 

With  bureaus  and  tables,   chairs,  bedsteads  and  stands  ;— 

He's  ready  to  serve  you — send  in  your  commands  ; 

While  teamsters,  and  turners,  and  tailors  pursue 

Their  honest  employment,   with  riches  in  view, 

Two  tanners,  two  saddlers,  and  cordwainers  six, 

Are  pulling  for  money  like  pulling  at  sticks. 

Let  coopers  and  forgemen  in  concert  strike  in, 

To  charm  with  two  workmen  of  copper  and  tin. 

Tf  casting  you  wish  for,  they're  here  on  the  ground, 

A  foundry  in  full  operation  is  found  ; 

Just  send  in  your  orders,  make  known  vour  desires, 

Where  business1  is  done  as  business  requires. 

Two  or  more  milliners  with  scissors  are  slashing1, 

To  furnish  your  dresses  ^and  caps  in  the  fashion  •; 

With  silks,  and  with  satins,  with  laces  and  frills, 

They'll  answer  your  orders  and  order  their  bills. 

With  stonp,  brick,  or  wood,  would  you  build,  say  the  word, 

We've  masons,  and  ioiners,  and  jobbers  prepared 

To  finish  your  building  with  beauty  and  strength, 

All  -which  must   account  for  our  article's  length. 

Vpf.  further  improvements  in  progress  we  see 

To  bnVhton  the  rrospects  of  fair  Nar>anee. 


THE     ORIGIN     OF      SOME    OF    OUR     LOCAL 
NAMES. 

BY    W.    S.    HERRINGTON.    K.C. 

It  is  not  the  purpose  of  this  paper  to  furnish  in 
any  systematic  order  the  history  of  any  part  of  our 
country,  but  simply  at  random,  to  treat  of  the 
origin  of  some  of  the  geographical  names  with 
which  we  are  familiar,  and  in  so  doing,  to  refer 
only  to  such  portions  of  history  as  may  be  neces- 
sary for  that  purpose. 

While  I  may  deviate  from  the  beaten  path  in 
giving  to  some  of  the  incidents  related,  what  to  me 
may  appear  a  proper  setting,  yet  I  hope  to  do  no 
violence  to  history  in  such  references  as  I  may  deem 
it  prudent  to  make. 

We  daily  refer  to  this  City,  Township,  River  or 
Bay  without  ever  giving  a  thought  to  the  origin  of 
the  names  which  we  use  with  such  freedom.  We 
will  find  the  names  of  some  of  the  most  noted  char- 
acters in  Canadian  history  preserved  in  the  names 
about  us.  The  task  of  tracing  the  origin  of  these 
names  is  not  only  interesting,  but  in  many  in- 
stances, amusing  and  instructive.  I  have  arranged 
the  names  I  shall  deal  with,  without  any  reference 
to  chronological  or  geographical  sequence.  I  have 
picked  them  out  at  random  in  a  manner  which  will 
perhaps,  not  commend  itself  to  my  hearers,  but  it 
has  suited  my  convenience  to  do  so,  and  if  I  escape 
with  no  other  adverse  criticism  than  in  respect  to 
the  order  of  presentation.  I  shall  consider  myself 
very  fortunate. 

About  1678,  Rene  Robert  Cavelier  de  la  Salle, 
now  known  to  history  as  La  Salle,  led  the  life  of  a 
bushranger  in  order  to  familiarize  himself  with  the 
language  and  ways  of  the  Indians.  He  was  one  of 
those  adventurous  and  somewhat  erratic  spirits, 
born  of  noble  parents  and, bred  in  luxury,  who  gave 
up  the  gaiety  of  the  Court  for  the  silence  of  the 
forest.  He  explored  the  great  Lakes  and  adjacent 
Rivers  and  felt  confident  that  by  following  up  the 
Mississippi  River  he  would  eventually  reach  the 
Pacific  Ocean  and  thereby  discover  the  long  sought 
route  to  China.  He  was  most  persistent  in  his 
efforts  to  solve  this  problem,  but  most  unfortunate 


30  LENNOX   AND   ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

in  the  means  adopted  to  carry  his  plans  into  exe- 
cution, and  many  jokes  were  passed  around  at  his 
expense.  It  was  quite  common  for  his  acquaint- 
ances to  derisively  ask  him  when  returning  from 
his  various  and  sometimes  almost  futile  expedi- 
tions "Venez  vous  de  la  Chine  ?"  (Do  you  come 
from  China  ?)  Hence  we  have  La  Chine,  by  which 
name  the  rapids  in  the  St.  Lawrence  are  known  to 
this  day. 

While  we  are  treating  of  La  Salle,  it  might  be 
interesting  to  note  that  he  was  the  first  white  per- 
son in  Upper  Canada  in  whom  the  title  to  real 
estate  was  vested  by  the  Crown  and  this  is  parti- 
cularly interesting  to  us  when  we  consider  that  a 
portion  of  his  estate  is  now  comprised  within  the 
limits  of  our  County.  He  was  granted  an  estate 
four  leagues  in  length  along  the  shores  of  the  river 
and  bay,  including  the  islands  in  front  of  it.  The 
site  of  Fort  Cataraqui  was  upon  this  estate  and  the 
present  site  of  Millhaven  must  have  been  near  the 
Western  limit,  for  Amherst  Island  was  a  portion 
of  the  grant. 

The  Governor  did  not  despise  this  young  adven- 
turer because  he  failed  to  establish  his  theory  as  to 
the  terminus  of  the  Mississippi.  On  the  contrary,, 
he  entrusted  him  with  the  task  of  superintending 
the  pioneer  work  along  the  great  Lakes.  He  ac- 
cordingly took  over  the  command  of  Fort  Katara- 
koui  which  was  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ka- 
tarakoui  River,  near  the  site  of  the  bridge  leading 
to  the  Military  College  at  Kingston.  All  that  re- 
mains of  this  primitive  fortification  to-day  is  its 
name,  which  is  still  preserved  in  the  suburb  of 
Kingston  and  familiar  to  us  all  as  Cataraqui.  La 
Salle  demolished  this  old  Fort  and  availing  him- 
self of  the  excellent  qualitv  of  the  limestone  in  the 
vicinity,  he  constructed  a  much  more  substantial 
one,  and  named  it  after  his  old  friend  and  patron 
the  then  Governor  of  Canada, — Count  Frontenac. 
This  name  has  since  been  adopted  by  the  County 
which  in  after  years  was  formed  about  this  nucleus. 
Remnants  of  the  stockade  surrounding  this  Fort 
may  still  be  seen.  Thus  in  the  name  of  the  adjoin- 
ing County,  we  constantly  have  before  us  a  remind- 
er of  one  of  the  grandest  characters  in  Canadian 
history, — a  man  of  great  resources,  brave  and  self- 
sacrificing. 

Perhaps  the  most  dramatic  incident  recorded  in 
Canadian  history,  was  that  enacted  on  the  Plains 


THE  ORIGIN   OF   SOME   OF   OUR   LOCAL   NAMES.  Ill 

of  Abraham, — an  incident  so  far  reaching  in  its 
effects  that  it  settled  for  all  time  the  supremacy  of 
the  Anglo-Saxon  race  on  the  American  continent. 
Here  two  brave  men  laid  down  their  lives  for  their 
respective  countries  and  succeeding  generations  , 
with  that  calm  and  unbiased  judgment  which  al- 
most invariably  follows  after  the  lapse  of  years 
have  made  no  distinction  in  doing  honor  to  their 
memory,  for  one  single  shaft  tells  the  tale.  On 
one  side  is  carved  the  illustrious  name  "Wolfe", 
and  just  as  prominently  on  the  other  side  we  find 
the  name  "Montcalm".  It  was  due  to  the  strategy 
and  bravery  of  Wolfe  that  a  permanent  haven  was 
provided  in  Canada  for  our  ultra  British  fore- 
fathers who  refused  to  join  their  rebellious  neigh- 
bors at  the  time  of  the  American  Revolution. 
Branded  as  traitors  on  one  side  of  the  border,  and 
honored  as  loyalists,  on  the  other,  they  abandoned 
their  homes  and  comfortable  surroundings  and  en- 
during all  manner  of  persecutions  and  hardships, 
fled  to  the  land  which  steadfastly  remained  loyal  to 
the  British  flag.  Reaching  the  St.  Lawrence,  they 
followed  it  up  until  the  expanse  of  Lake  Ontario 
seemed  a  welcome  barrier  against  the  persecutions 
which  threatened  them  from  the  South.  No  doubt 
they  had  frequently  discussed  the  abiding  results  of 
the  grand  achievements  of  Wolfe.  As  they 
approached  the  open  waters  of  the  Lake  they 
directed  their  course  to  the  Northern  shore.  We 
can  picture  to  ourselves  with  what  a  sense  of  joy, 
relief  and  gratitude  they  leaped  from  their  boats 
and  bestowed  upon  the  Island  which  afforded  them 
such  a  welcome  shelter  the  name  of  their  hero. 
Such  we  can  easily  conceive  was  the  joyful  christen- 
ing ceremony  of  Wolfe  Island. 

They  passed  over  to  the  mainland  and  came  in 
view  of  a  straggling  and  almost  deserted  hamlet  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  Fort  La  Salle  had  built 
over  a  century  before.  As  their  frail  crafts  were 
tossed  about  upon  the  troubled  waters,  they  strain- 
ed their  eyes  to  decipher  the  ruins  of  the  dilapidat- 
ed fortifications.  Many  of  them,  tired  and  worn 
out,  with  the  labours,  vigils  and  trials  of  their 
long  journey,  made  this  their  permanent  home  and 
in  grateful  recognition  of  the  protection  afforded 
them  by  the  flag  of  their  Sovereign  for  whom  they 
had  suffered  so  much,  they  afterwards  gave  to  the 
settlement  thus  formed  the  name  of  Kingston. 
Others,  whose  blood  flows  in  the  veins  of  some  of 


32  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

us  here  to-night,  followed  up  the  shores  of  the  Bay 
in  search  of  the  rich  lands  lying  to  the  west,  of 
which  no  doubt  their  guide  had  given  them  many 
glowing  accounts.  Soon  they  sighted  another 
island,  and  following  the  example  of  the  original 
party,  they  evidently  concluded  that  no  more 
fitting  name  could  be  bestowed  upon  it  than  that  of 
the  nominal  Commander  of  the  forces  that  General 
Wolfe  had  led  to  victory,  so  upon  this  island  the}- 
bestowed  the  name  of  General  Amherst.  The  grassy 
plains  at  the  western  extremity,  probably  sug- 
gested to  them  the  name  assigned  to  that  part  of 
the  island  in  later  years  and  now  known  as 
Emerald.  The  party  passing  the  gaps,  where  their 
endurance  and  seamanship  would  be  put  to  the 
severest  test,  next  entered  upon  the  waters  of  the 
Bay  of  Quinte  proper.  A  sheltered  Cove  and  a 
good  landing  place  Soon  came  into  view.  Towards 
this  inviting  shore  they  steered  their  boats,  and 
here  many  of  them  made  their  homes,  and  their 
names  will  be  found  to-day  on  the  moss-covered 
tombstones,  marking  the  forgotten  mounds  in  the 
neglected  grave  yards  of  Adolphustown  and  the 
neighboring  townships.  Little  do  we  know  of  the 
trials  of  these  hardy  pioneers  as  they  hewed  out 
their  homes  in  the  forest,  yet  their  hearts  were 
filled  with  gratitude,  pride  and  loyalty  as  they 
reared  their  rude  cabins  and  cleared  the  little 
patches  and  laid  the  foundations  of  the  now  pros- 
perous townships  to  which  they  gave  the  names  of 
the  family  of  the  King  for  whom  they  had  sacri- 
ficed so  much.  Thus,  we  get  Fredericksburgh, 
Ernest/town,  Adolphustown,  Marysburgh,  Sophias- 
burgh  and  Ameliasburgh.  Our  forefathers  must 
have  had  some  sense  of  humour,  or  did  they  recog- 
nize, even  at  that  early  date  the  effeminate  charac- 
ter of  our  neighbors  across  the  Bay,  by  assigning 
to  their  settlements  the  names  of  the  female  mem- 
bers of  the  King's  family  while  the  sturdv  settlers 
in  our  County  retained  for  their  own  use  the  names 
of  the  male  members  of  the  royal  household  ? 

They  might  quite  consistently  have  gone  further 
for  they  had  a  very  fair  precedent  for  appropriating 
to  themselves  such  belongings  of  the  County  of 
Prince  Edward  as  they  might  take  a  fancy  to.  The 
name  of  the  peninsular  County  to  the  South  of  us, 
by-the-way,  affords  another  illustration  of  the  rev- 
erence the  early  settlers  entertained  for  the  royal 
family.  Now  for  the  first  example  of  the  yielding 


THE   ORIGIN   OP   SOME   OP   OUR    LOCAL   NAMES. 

nature  of  our  neighbors.  It  is  a  long  story,  but 
not  without  interest,  and  the  relating  of  it  may 
enable  you  to  give  a  satisfactory  answer  to  an  oft- 
repeated  question.  In  1668  a  band  of  Cayuga 
Indians  had  settled  on  the  shore  of  that  beautiful 
inlet  now  known  as  West  Lake,  lying  between  the 
Village  of  Wellington  and  that  famous  resort  the 
Sandbanks.  Professor  Shortt  in  a  recent  address 
located  this  band  at  Weller's  Bay.  I  will  not  ques- 
tion the  general  accuracy  of  the  Professor's  remarks 
but  the  authorities  I  have  consulted  locate  this 
band  at  West  Lake  in  one  instance  and  on  the  Lake 
side  of  Prince  Hdward  in  another.  I  am  not  aware 
that  Weller's  Bay  was  ever  called  West  Lake,  and 
one  would  hardly  describe  it  as  being  on  the  Lake 
side  of  Prince  Edward.  For  my  purposes  a  dis- 
tance of  a  few  miles  makes  no  difference  anyway, 
so  we  will  leave  them  over  by  the  Sandbanks.  A 
self-respecting  Indian  would  prefer  this  place  any- 
way. No  doubt  the  same  delightful  breezes,  pleas- 
ant beaches  and  good  fishing  that  attract  some  of 
our  citizens  to  that  spot  at  the  present  day,  proved 
as  great  an  attraction  for  a  peaceful  band  of  Cayu- 
gas  240  years  ago.  They  called  their  village 
Kente,  and  to  the  charming  little  lake  upon  whose 
shores  the  band  was  encamped,  the  French  explor- 
ers gave  the  name  Lac  de  Kente.  Some  of  these 
Indians  had  attended  the  religious  services  of  the 
French  priests  who  accompanied  every  expedition 
and  shared  the  dangers  and  trials  of  the  explorers. 
They  desired  that  a  mission  should  be  established 
among  them  and  their  aged  chief  accompanied  a 
deputation  to  Montreal  to  present  a  petition  to  the 
proper  authorities  with  that  most  laudable  end  in 
view.  The  petition  was  granted  and  two  priests 
were  despatched  to  carry  out  the  project.  One  of 
these  was  Father  Fenelon.  We  can  have  some  con- 
ception of  the  difficulties  of  travel  at  that  time, 
when  we  note  that  it  took  them  three  weeks  to 
complete  the  journey  from  La  Chine  to  Wellington. 
Of  the  variety  and  daintiness  of  the  cuisine,  we  can 
also  form  our  own  opinion,  when  we  read  that 
upon  their  arrival  they  were  treated  to  &  sumptu- 
ous repast  of  chopped  pumpkins  fried  in  suet.  A 
modern  missionary  would  consider  such  a  bill  of 
fare  a  sufficient  justification  for  taking  forcible 
possession  of  anything  he  could  lay  his  hands  on. 
Not  so,  however,  with  the  faithful  Fenelon  ;  not 
oven  when  his  ncwlv  found  parishioners  varied  the 


34  LENNOX    AND   ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

bill  of  fare  a  few  days  after  by  offering  him  as  a 
special  mark  of  their  esteem  a  conglomerate  of 
maize  and  sunflower  seeds.  As  we  now  accompany 
church  dedications  with  teameetings  whereat  arc 
served  up  in  great  profusion  the  fairest  samples  of 
"Nearly  200  tested  recipes",  so  this  provision  for 
the  reception  of  the  newly  inducted  priests  must  he 
regarded  as  something  above  the  ordinary,  and  in- 
tended as  a  proper  mark  of  respect  upon  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  new  mission,  which  was  called 
Kente  Mission.  Father  Fenelon  was  not  contented 
with  this  limited  field  at  .this  single  station.  They 
established  three  regular  outposts,  one  near  the  site 
of  our  own  town  then  known  as  Ganneious  ;  an- 
other at  the  site  of>Port  Hope,  then  called  Ganner- 
aske,  and  the  third  at  Pickering,  which  by  reason 
of  the  French  lavishing  some  attention  upon  it  was 
for  a  long  time  called  Frenchman's  Bay.  At  this 
latter  post  Father  Fenelon  spent  one  whole  winter 
ministering  to  the  spiritual  wants  of  the  Indians, 
and  for  the  first  time  (I  believe)  in  the  history  of 
our  Province  giving  regular  instruction  in  the 
French  language,  for  it  was  a  part  of  his  policy  to 
educate  as  well  as  convert  the  Indian.  He  might 
justly  be  styled  the  founder  and  entire  staff  of  the 
First  Upper  Canada  Academy.  Whether  it  was 
the  desire  for  or  the  need  of  religious  instruction 
that  prompted  the  founder  of  the  Kente  Mission  to 
establish  an  outpost  upon  the  site  of  Napanee,  I 
cannot  say.  Perhaps  some  of  our  envious  neigh- 
bors (if  we  have  any)  might  say,  that  judging  from 
present  day  conditions,  Father  Fenelon  recognized 
the  need  and  promptly  set  about  the  task.  At  any 
rate  an  outpost  was  established  just  240  years  ago, 
and  this  I  believe  is  the  first  reference  made  in 
history  to  this  place.  To-day  we  pride  ourselves 
in  our  beautiful  and  commodious  churches.  Can 
we  picture  to  ourselves  the  appearance  of  this  sec- 
tion of  the  country  in  1668.  As  the  young  but 
zealous  priest  directed  the  prow  of  his  batteau  up 
the  river,  he  did  not  leave  behind  him  tall  smoking 
chimneys  and  acres  of  lumber  piles  disfiguring  the 
beautiful  landscape.  The  lonely  forest  crept  to 
the  water's  edge  and  hidden  here  and  there  among 
the  rushes  upon  the  shore  was  the  unused  canoe 
whose  owner  was  away  on  a  hunting  expedition  in 
the  hills  to  the  North,  which  at  that  time  as  now, 
were  famous  for  their  game.  As  he  pursued  his 
sinuous  course  up  the  river,  no  capacioiis  barns  and 


THE  ORIGIN   OP   SOME   OP   OUR   LOCAL   NAMES.  .°.5 

tall  church  spires  served  as  land  marks.  Walls  of 
green  hemmed  it  in  on  both  sides.  Now  and  then 
the  screech  of  a  heron  or  the  splash  of  a  huge  fish 
were  the  only  sounds  that  broke  the  stillness.  A 
young  warrior  attired  in  his  deerskins,  having  laid 
aside  for  the  time  his  best  beads  and  feathers, 
stretches  himself  lazily  on  the  brow  of  what  is  now 
Roblin's  Hill,  and  peering  out  among  the  pines 
descries  the  lonely  missionary  with  his  guides, 
plying  his  paddle  among  the  reeds  as  he  chants  his 
sacred  songs.  No  comfortable  dwellings  mark  the 
site  of  our  town.  A  little  curl  of  smoke  here  and 
there  indicates  the  feeble  efforts  of  the  Indian 
housewife  to  prepare  a  mid-day  meal.  No  clanging 
bells  ring  out  the  summons  to  worship.  No  state- 
ly edifice  and  soft  cushioned  pews  await  the  faithful 
preacher,  but  in  a  smoky  and  ill-smelling  council 
tent  with  his  hearers  grouped  about  him  on  the 
ground,  with  a  zeal  and  earnestness  perhaps  not 
often  equalled  at  the  present  day,  he  tells  the 
simple  story  of  the  Prince  of  Peace,  and  thus  was 
established  the  first  mission  in  the  County  of  Len- 
nox and  Addington.  What  a  temptation  is  here 
presented  to  trace  the  historv  of  the  missions  in 
the  County  from  this  point  of  time  to  the  building 
of  Trinity  Methodist  Church.  I  throw  out  the  hint 
in  hope  that  some  enterprising  member  may  assay 
the  task.  But  I  am  digressing,  as  is  my  wont, 
from  the  object  I  set  out  to  attain.  What  matter, 
so  long  as  our  path  leads  us  in  pleasant  reverie 
through  these  now  far  distant  fields  ?  Kente 
Mission  was  well  known  along  the  entire  route  be- 
tween the  extreme  outposts,  and  the  inhabitants 
along  the  Bay,  wholly  unmindful  of  the  fact  that 
the  name  Kente  belonged  to  the  little  Cayuga 
village  near  the  Sandbanks,  appropriated  the  name 
and  applied  it  to  the  body  of  water  separating  the 
neninsula  from  the  mainland  and  called  it  Kente 
Bay,  from  which  we  have  to-day  the  more  euphon- 
ious name,  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  and  as  the  only  out- 
post near  the  bay  was  Ganneious,  we  may  safely 
conclude  that  the  aboriginees  of  Napanee  were  the 
perpetrators  of  this  piece  of  petty  larceny.  I  am 
pleased  to  notice  that  no  historian  records  any  loss 
of  scalps  over  the  matter. 

It  might  be  interesting  to  notice  in  passing, 
another  illustration  of  and  consequent  endless  con- 
fusion over  the  transfer  of  a  name  from  one  place 
to  another,  due  however,  in  the  instance  I  am  about 


36  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

to  recite,  to  the  ignorance  or  carelessness  of  the 
draftsman  of  one  of  the  early  charts  of  Central 
Ontario.  In  the  early  days  of  the  French  rule,  the 
name  Toronto  (which  means  a  meeting  place)  was 
applied  to  what  is  known  now  as  Lake  Simcoe. 
There  was  a  portage  from  the  present  site  of  Toron- 
to to  the  southern  end  of  the  lake,  so  that  in  going 
northward  when  one  reached  the  southern  end  of 
the  present  Lake  Simcoe  he  would  say  he  was  at 
Toronto,  so  the  southern  end  of  the  lake  or  what 
is  the  same  thing,  the  northern  terminus  of  the 
portage,  was  called  Toronto.  You  have  probably 
found  a  name  many  a  time  upon  a  map  drawn  upon 
a  small  scale  and  still  were  quite  uncertain  as  to 
the  location  of  the  point  to  which  the  name  referred 
This  is  exactly  what  happened  in  preparing  this 
map  of  that  part  of  Ontario.  The  draftsman  mis- 
took the  name  as  belonging  to  the  southern  end  of 
the  portage  instead  of  the  northern.  He  marked 
the  southern  end  Toronto,  and  there  the  name  has 
remained  to  the  present  day.  The  pretty  lake  to 
the  north  having  thus  been  cheated  out  of  its  name, 
a  new  one  had  to  be  found  for  it,  and  Governor 
Simcoe  generously  supplied  the  want.  Toronto, 
having  acquired  a  new  name,  had  no  further  use  for 
its  old  one  which  it  most  unceremoniously  cast 
adrift.  The  geographer  was  some  time  in  over- 
hauling it,  but  finally  pulled  it  ashore  at  Port  Hope 
This  wanderer,  "Teyoyagon",  was  finally  settled  at 
Port  Hope,  but  here  the  puzzled  geographer  encoun- 
tered a  further  difficulty,  for  Port  Hope  was  not  in 
need  of  a  name  just  then.  Ganeraske  served  its 
purpose  very  well.  What  could  the  poor  man  do  ? 
Teyoyagon-Ganeraske  was  too  much  of  a  name  to 
inflict  upon  any  one  place.  It  wouldn't  do  to  take 
Teyoyagon  any  farther  east,  so  like  a  bold  high- 
way man,  he  carried  Ganeraske  down  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Trent  river  and  left  it  there  to  shift  for  it- 
self. This  highhanded  procedure  caused  no  end  of 
trouble  for  some  time.  Neither  Teyoyagon  nor 
Ganeraske  would  take  root  upon  their  new  soil,  so 
both  have  been  lost,  and  there  is  no  record  of 
Torontonians  offering  to  make  restitution  to  Lake 
Simcoe. 

Father  Fenelon  was  a  fair  example  of  the  fear- 
less and  untiring  missionary  of  the  seventeenth 
century.  Like  all  the  other  priests  of  that  age,  his 
duties  were  both  spiritual  and  political.  He  was 
the  accredited  agent  of  the  Government  and  carried 


THE   ORIGIN   OP   SOME   OP   OUR   LOCAL   NAMES.  87 

the  cross  in  one  hand  and  the  flag  of  France  in  the 
other.  He  not  only  founded  the  Kente  Mission  and 
the  three  outposts  referred  to,  but  explored  the 
region  to  the  north.  Some  of  the  most  authentic 
records  of  the  early  history  of  this  section  of  our 
country  are  founded  upon  the  reports  made  by  him 
and  his  co-workers.  He  was  ill-suited  to  the  sever- 
ity of  this  climate  and  had  scanty  means  of  protec- 
tion against  the  hardships  of  the  camp  and  the 
trail.  Such  a  life  as  he  led  would  in  a  short  time 
shatter  the  strongest  constitution,  and  it  is  not 
surprising  to  learn  that  at  the  early  age  of  thirty- 
eight  he  yielded  up  his  life  to  his  country  and  sacred 
calling.  If  we,  in  this  midland  district,  were  dis- 
posed to  raise  a  monument  to  one  of  these  early 
martyrs,  I  know  of  no  name  more  deserving  the 
honor  than  that  of  Father  Fenelon.  His  name  is 
still  preserved  at  a  remote  part  of  his  mission  field, 
for  Fenelon  Falls  and  Fenelon  Township,  in  Vic- 
toria County,  still  attest  his  presence  at  one  time 
in  that  section. 

Perhaps  no  part  of  our  Province  has  been  so 
much  at  the  mercy  of  the  geographer  as  the  first  of 
our  great  inland  lakes.  Kvery  few  years  it  would 
wake  up  with  a  new  name.  That  would  no  sooner 
fit  itself  into. place  than  it  would  be  called  upon  to 
give  way  to  the  ingenuity  of  some  newly  self- 
appointed  godfather,  who  would  re-christen  it.  Thus 
the  names  shifted  about  like  the  shifting  sands  upon 
the  beach.  The  original  Indian  name  was  Ontario, 
meaning  "The  Great  Lake."  The  French  explorers, 
in  an  outburst  of  loyalty,  called  it  Lake  St.  Louis, 
and  at  different  periods  in  its  subsequent  history  it 
was  known  as  Lake  of  the  Iroquois,  Frontenac 
Lake  and  Lake  Cataraqui,  until,  exhausted  with 
these  unhappy  experiments,  some  kind  friend  must 
have  suggested  that  it  come  again  to  its  own,  and 
thus  we  have  restored  the  sweetest  of  all  its  varied 
titles,  Lake  Ontario.  The  same  name  was  also 
applied  to  the  Province  to  the  north  and  the  County 
to  the  south,  where  it  seems  to  have  secured  a 
safer  anchorage,  for  no  attempts  to  change  it  have 
been  made  since  its  application  to  terra  firma. 

We  could  forgive  the  changing  of  a  name 
through  ignorance  or  carelessness  or  a  spirit  of 
loyalty,  but  the  offence  is  unpardonable  when  done 
deliberately  to  gratify  the  vanity  of  some  individ- 
ual who  happens  to  be  in  authority  at  the  time. 
We  have  some  instances  of  this  shameful  exchange 


38  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

of  the  original  Indian  name  for  that  of  the  Gover- 
nor himself,  or  of  some  pompous  member  of  his 
household.  "Sagonaska"  was  thus  sacrificed  to 
appease  the  vanity  of  the  Earl  of  Moira.  Entirely 
apart  from  the  question  of  the  bad  taste  of  the 
person  so  allowing  his  name  to  be  used  can  there 
be  any  difference  of  opinion  as  to  which  name  is 
better  suited  to  a  twisted,  dashing,  roaring  river  ? 
The  Governor,  not  content  with  robbing  this  stream 
of  its  musical  Indian  name,  seemed  determined  to 
"spread  himself"  over  the  map  as  much  as  possible 
by  bestowing  his  baronial  titles  upon  the  County 
through  which  it  flows, — thus  we  can  account  for 
Hastings,  Hungerford  and  Rawdon. 

Governor  Gore  intended  to  immortalize  his  wife 
Arabella  by  giving  her  name  to  the  village  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Moira  River,  and  called  it  Belleville, 
but  as  the  modern  spelling  Belleville  would  at  first 
sight  indicate  that  the  name  is  composed  of  two 
French  words  signifying  Beautiful  City,  Arabella 
has  been  cheated  of  the  honor  her  proud  husband 
intended  to  confer  upon  her. 

The  early  history  of  Canada  has  many  a  bloody 
page  due  to  the  cruelty  and  treachery  of  the  Indians 
The  sly  cunning,  the  ingenious  and  heartless  forms 
of  torture  and  the  sudden  and  unexpected  raids 
filled  the  life  of  the  early  settler  with  a  dread  that 
nothing  could  dispel.  He  never  knew  when  to  look 
for  an  outbreak  or  what  form  it  would  take.  Many 
a  pioneer  has  returned  from  his  daily  task  to  find 
the  mutilated  bodies  of  his  loved  ones  smoking  in 
the  dying  embers  of  all  that  remained  of  his  little 
home.  Perhaps  it  is  not  for  us  to  condemn  these 
savages.  The  land  was  theirs,  the  Europeans  were 
trespassers,  and  with  a  prophetic  eye  they  then 
foresaw  what  time  has  demonstrated  to  us  all. 
Their  territories  have  been  wrested  from  them;  they 
are  now  a  crushed  and  dependent  race,  forced  to 
subsist  upon  the  charity  of  their  conquerors,  who 
deprived  them  of  their  heritage  and  freedom,  and 
brought  upon  them,  as  they  view  it,  pestilence, 
famine,  disease  and  the  curses  of  civilization.  Is  it 
any  wonder  then  that  foreseeing  what  has  since  be- 
fallen their  race,  they  showed  no  mercy  and  spared 
neither  woman  nor  child  in  their  work  of  attempted 
extermination  ?  Unfortunately  we  cannot  point  to 
many  braves,  who,  according  to  our  way  of  think- 
ing, are  entitled  to  be  enrolled  among  the  heroes  of 
Canadian  history.  Individual  instances  of  bravery, 


THE  ORIGIN   OP   SOME   OP   OUR   LOCAL   NAMES.  :W 

heroism  and  indillerence  to  pain  and  torture  there 
are  many.  These  are  the  characteristics  of  nearly 
every  Indian.  We  can,  however,  point  to  a  few 
who  allied  themselves  to  the  British  cause  and  were 
imbued  with  the  spirit  of  the  British  soldier  and  in 
every  way  worthy  to  be  enrolled  among  the  brave 
and  chivalrous  generals  whose  achievements  have 
added  lustre  to  the  British  arms.  Only  a  few 
weeks  ago  there  was  unveiled  in  the  County  and 
City  that  still  bears  his  name,  a  monument  to  one 
of  those  grand  old  chiefs  who  proved  himself  to  be 
true  and  loyal  and  fought  and  won  many  a  battle 
for  the  British  cause.  I  refer  to  Captain  Joseph 
Brant.  We  might  dispute  the  right  of  Brantford  to 
monopolize  all  the  honor  that  naturally  flows  from 
its  association  with  the  name  of  this  distinguished 
soldier.  He  originally  belonged  to  the  Thayenden- 
aga  family  of  Indians,  and  was  himself  known 
among  his  people  as  Thayendenaga.  We  find  many 
branches  of  his  old  family  within  an  hour's  drive  of 
our  town,  and  the  adjoining  township,  Tyendinaga, 
was  so  named  after  this  same  Captain  Joseph 
Brant,  owing  to  his  having  selected  that  tract  of 
land  for  his  Mohawk  followers  after  the  close  of  the 
American  Revolution.  A  portion  of  the  band  after- 
wards settled  upon  the  Grand  River,  but  the  first 
and  original  settlement  was  on  the  shores  of  the 
Bay  of  Quinte.  This  is  not  the  only  name  the 
family  has  bequeathed  to  this  section.  Joseph  had 
a  cousin  John,  who  was  a  chief  of  the  neighboring 
band,  and  was  popularly  known  as  Captain  John. 
The  island  beyond  Deseronto  still  bears  his  name. 
Captain  John  must  have  possessed  some  of  the  war- 
like spirit  that  made  his  cousin  Joseph  so  famous, 
for  he  was  known  to  the  band  as  "Day-say-ronth- 
you",  which  being  literally  interpreted  means 
1 'Thunder  and  Lightning".  While  our  neighboring 
town  has  aspirations,  we  have  never  yet  suspected 
that  it  merited  the  full  title  that  has  been  conferred 
upon  it.  It  was  an  easy  step  from  Day-say-ronth- 
you  to  Deseronto,  and  that  is  such  an  improvement 
upon  Mill  Point  and  Culbertson  Wharf  that  we  will 
not  question  its  appropriateness  nor  quarrel  with 
the  motive  which  prompted  its  adoption.  The 
example  set  by  Deseronto  in  reviving  the  early 
Indian  name  is  most  commendable  and  in  striking 
contrast  to  the  iniquitous  practice  of  a  century  ago. 
All  my  hearers  are  probably  familiar  with  some 
theory  as  to  the  origin  of  the  name  of  our  town. 


40  LENNOX    AND   ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

In  1782-3,  a  mill  was  built  at  Kingston  by  the 
Government,  to  supply  the  needs  of  the  settlers 
along  the  river  and  bay.  From  Cornwall  to  Port 
Hope  the  grists  were  brought  to  this  mill.  It  was 
taxed  to  its  utmost  capacity,  and  the  settlement 
in  this  County  had  grown  so  extensively,  owing  to 
the  influx  of  population  at  Adolphustown,  that  in 
1785  the  Government  directed  one  Robert  Clark  to 
construct  another  mill  at  the  falls  upon  our  river, 
and  on  March  23d,  1786,  the  mill  was  raised,  and  it 
will  probably  shock  the  finer  sensibilities  of  some  of 
my  hearers  when  I  inform  them  that  the  only  item 
of  expense  recorded  in  the  books  of  the  contractor 
for  that  very  important  function  is  2  gallons,  3 
pints  of  rum,  175.  and  6d.  The  mill  was  read)?-  for 
operating  in  1787,  and  by  1792  it  had  become  the 
property  of  Hon.  R.  Cartwright,  in  which  family  it 
has  remained  until  the  present  day.  It  proved  such 
a  success  that  he  found  it  necessary  to  rebuild  it  in 
the  same  year.  From  the  fact  that  Napanee  was 
then  the  place  where  all  the  Indians  went  to  get 
their  flour,  they  associated  the  name  of  Napanee 
with  that  very  essential  article  of  food,  and  when 
an  Indian  would  speak  of  going  to  Napanee  it  was 
another  way  of  saying  he  was  going  for  flour.  So, 
clearly  therefore  in  the  Indian  mind  were  the  two 
ideas — Napanee  and  flour — that  the  two  names  be- 
came synonymous,  and  we  find  some  authority  to- 
day for  the  statement  that  Napanee  is  simply  the 
Indian  name  for  flour.  So  it  was  in  the  sense  in 
which  I  have  described,  but  to  say  that  the  name 
Napanee  is  derived  from  a  similar  word  in  the 
Indian  language  signifying  flour  is  incorrect,  for 
this  pre-supposes  that  there  was  such  an  Indian 
word  with  such  a  signification  before  the  mill  was 
constructed.  If  there  was  such  a  word  with  such  a 
meaning  before  the  place  was  noted  for  its  flour,  it 
is  a  remarkable  and  most  improbable  coincidence. 
From  the  authorities  I  have  perused,  I  am  rather 
inclined  to  believe  that  the  Village  Napanee  was 
not  so  called  after  the  Indian  word  signifying  flour, 
but  that  such  a  word  crept  into  the  Indian  language 
from  the  fact  that  it  was  at  Napanee  where  they 
obtained  their  flour.  This  is  a  common  source  of 
derivation  of  the  names  of  things.  For  instance, 
Cambric,  Japan,  China  and  Morocco  have  crept  in- 
to our  language  as  signifying  articles  which  origin- 
ally were  manufactured  at  the  places  from  which 
their  names  are  respectively  derived. 


YARKER    AND    VICINITY,  41 

The  strongest,  and  to  my  mind  most  convinc- 
ing, argument  advanced  in  support  of  my  conten- 
tion (which  is  not  put  forth  as  an  original  one)  is 
that  the  falls  which  furnished  the  power  for  the 
first  mill  were  known  as  Appenea  Falls  before  the 
mill  was  built  and  before  any  flour  was  manu- 
factured here.  It  would  be  absurd  therefore  to  say 
that  the  village  took  its  name  after  the  Indian 
word  for  flour  at  a  time  when  there  was  no  reason 
whatever  for  associating  such  a  meaning  with  the 
name  of  the  place.  Unfortunately  the  meaning  of 
Appenea  has  been  lost.  For  many  years  the  village 
was  known  as  Appenea  or  Appanee,  and  as  this 
name  was  frequently  preceded  by  the  article  "the", 
the  use  and  euphony  would  very  easily  convert  it 
into  Napanee, — a  name  most  sweet  and  musical  to 
our  ears  and  one  which  I  trust  will  always  be 
associated  with  tender  and  loving  memories. 


YARKER  AND  VICINITY. 

BY   E.   R.   CHECKLEY. 

A  little  over  one  hundred  years  ago,  when 
Upper  Canada  was  young,  when  Governor  Simcoe 
held  his  court  at  muddy  little  York,  the  land 
whereon  Yarker  now  stands  belonged  to  the  Crown. 
By  a  patent  dated  January  I3th,  1796,  Lots  No. 
39,  40,  41,  42  and  43,  in  the  first  Concession  of 
Caniden  were  conveyed  to  Governor  Simcoe  him- 
self, and  this  property,  comprising  one  thousand 
acres,  was  for  many  years  known  as  the  Simcoe 
tract.  The  present  village  of  Yarker  stands  on 
Lots  41  and  42. 

At  that  time  the  Simcoe  tract  was  covered  by 
the  primeval  forest,  and  the  land  was  not  only  well 
wooded  but  well  watered,  for  the  Napanee  River 
ran  through  it,  and  on  this  river  was  a  beautiful 
fall  26  feet  high.-  For  some  reason  the  Governor 
kept  this  property  intact  for  many  years.  What 
that  reason  was  we  can  only  conjecture,  but  it  is 
probable  that  he  was  not  above  receiving  the  un- 
earned increment,  due  to  the  labours  of  other  men 
on  the  lands  that  bounded  his,  or  in  other  words, 
he  had  a  good  speculation,  and  he  was  going  to 
hang  on  to  it.  To  the  north  of  the  Simcoe  tract 
was  a  hamlet  called  Peter's  Mills,  now  the  Village 


42  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

of  Colebrook,  and  four  miles  to  the  south  was  the 
Village  of  Wilton.  The  speculation  does  not  ap- 
pear to  have  turned  out  very  well,  for  in  the  end  his 
heir,  Henry  A.  Simcoe,  sold  the  whole  property  in- 
cluding the  beautiful  Simcoe  Falls,  which  was  a 
valuable  water  power  to  Sidney  Warner,  of  Wilton, 
for  the  sum  of  $3,000,  after  holding  it  for  forty 
years. 

I  have  mentioned  that  the  Simcoe  Fall  was  26 
feet  high.  To-day  it  is  only  about  12  feet  high. 
Owing  to  the  country  being  covered  by  the  forest, 
a  much  greater  quantity  of  water  came  down  the 
river  then,  than  now,  and  old  residents  state  that 
in  the  spring-time  the  roar  of  the  water  over  the 
falls  could  be  distinctly  heard  for  five  miles.  But 
the  cause  of  the  decrease  in  the  height  of  the  fall, 
was  the  lumbering  on  the  river.  Long  ago  they 
did  not  bring  down  round  logs  as  in  recent  years, 
but  they  were  first  squared  in  the  woods  and  the 
square  timber  then  floated  down  the  stream.  The 
bed  of  the  river  is  limestone  rock  and  when  the 
timber  went  over  the  fall  it  would  dislodge  pieces 
of  the  rock  and  carry  them  over  also.  This  grad- 
ual wearing  process  went  on  year  after  year,  so  in 
course  of  time  the  height  of  the  fall  was  reduced, 
and  a  sloping  rapid  produced  above  the  fall  extend- 
ing back  for  50  feet  or  so.  At  the  head  of  this 
rapid  there  is  now  a  dam  which  throws  the  water 
into  the  flumes  on  either  side  of  the  river.  A  very 
large  number  of  arrow  heads  and  spear  heads  made 
of  flint  have  been  found,  around  this  fall  and  on  the 
banks  of  the  river  below  it  ;  and  also  on  the  shores 
of  Varty  Lake  about  two  miles  away.  It  is  an 
interesting  question  where  the  Indians  obtained 
their  flint,  as  there  is  none  in  this  part  of  the 
country,  so  far  as  I  am  aware. 

In  these  early  days  the  making  of  Potash  was 
one  of  the  principal  industries,  and  it  was  a  great 
industry.  Wood  was  the  only  fuel,  and  that  was 
plentiful,  and  the  long  logs  blazed  on  the  cheery 
fire-place,  and  the  ashes  were  carefully  saved.  When 
the  ground  was  cleared  and  the  roots  of  the  trees 
taken  out,  they  were  piled  up  and  burned  in  order 
to  obtain  the  ashes.  Much  valuable  timber  ap- 
pears to  have  been  burned  simply  for  the  ashes. 

One  of  the  principal  makers  of  potash  was  Mr. 
Sidney  W^arner,  of  Wilton.  He  also  had  a  large 
general  store  and  the  settlers  could  obtain  what- 
ever they  might  need  in  exchange  for  ashes.  Mr. 


YARKER    AND    VICINITY.  18 

Warner  converted  the  ashes  into  potash,  and  sent 
it  down  the  St.  Lawrence  to  Montreal,  where  he, 
in  turn,  could  obtain  all  the  supplies  he  wanted 
from  the  wholesale  houses.  The  potash  was  then 
shipped  to  England,  where  it  was  used  in  the 
bleaching-  of  cotton.  But  other  methods  of  bleach- 
ing cotton  have  long  since  prevailed  and  potash  is 
no  longer  used,  but  it  was  a  great  industry  while 
it  lasted. 

The  deed  by  which  the  Simcoe  tract  was  trans- 
ferred by  Henry  A.  Simcoe,  the  heir,  and  I  presume 
the  son,  of  Governor  Simcoe,  to  Sidney  Warner,  is 
dated  July  ist,  1840.  Soon  after  acquiring  it, 
Mr.  Warner  opened  it  up  by  selling  that  portion  of 
lots  41  and  42,  north  of  the  river,  to  the  late 
George  Miller  ;  and  the  piece  adjoining  the  river  on 
the  south  side  he  sold  to  David  Vader,  who  built  a 
saw  mill  upon  it.  Mr.  Alphaeus  VanL,uven,  who 
still  lives  in  Yarker,  and  is  a  nephew  of  David 
Vader,  tells  me  that  when  he  came  here  as  a  mere 
boy  in  the  early  forties  to  visit  his  uncle,  the  place 
consisted  then  of  two  log  houses,  and  a  log  black- 
smith shop  and  the  saw  mill  that  his  uncle  owned, 
which  was  built  of  boards.  George  Miller,  late  in 
the  forties,  built  a  grist  mill  and  a  carding  mill, 
upon  the  land  that  he  had  bought  upon  the  north 
side  of  the  river.  Under  this  carding  mill  the  late 
John  A.  Shibley  established  in  1851  the  first  store 
in  what  was  then  the  Village  of  Simcoe  Falls.  He 
afterwards  moved  to  the  site  of  the  present  hotel, 
and  later  to  the  stone  building  that  he  had  built 
across  the  street,  in  which  Mr.  John  Ewart  now 
conducts  a  general  store  and  the  postomce.  I  can- 
not be  sure  of  the  exact  date  of  this  stone  building, 
but  it  is  certainly  over  50  years  old.  In  1852 
David  Vader  sold  a  portion  of  the  land  and  water- 
power  that  he  owned,  to  the  late  Joseph  Connoly, 
who  built  thereon  a  foundry  and  plough  works. 
This  business  is  still  carried  on  bv  his  son,  A.  A. 
Connoly,  who  enjoys  a  considerable  local  trade. 
The  grist  and  carding  mill  that  George  Miller  had 
built,  was  soon  afterwards  burned.  It  was  re- 
built by  him  and  subsequently  sold  to  Alexander 
McVean.  A  part  of  the  land  adjoining  the  mill  site 
was  sold  by  George  Miller  to  Garrett  and  Anthony 
Miller,  who  built  a  tannery  of  considerable  size 
upon  it,  which  was  afterwards  turned  into  a  pail 
and  fork  factory.  This  building  and  McVean's  mill 
were  both  burned  on  i^th  January,  1863.  The 


44  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

grist  mill  was  re-built  by  McVean,  and  was  subse- 
quently sold  by  him  to  Messrs.  Connoly  and  Benja- 
min, who  in  turn  sold  it  to  George  McDonald.  He 
sold  it  to  Jas.  Richardson  &  Son,  of  Kingston, 
who  sold  it  to  James  H.  West,  who  sold  it  to 
James  Freeman,  the  present  owner.  When  George 
McDonald  owned  it,  he  introduced  the  roller  pro- 
cess of  making  flour  into  the  mill.  David  Vader, 
after  selling  part  of  his  property  to  Joseph  Con- 
noly, sold  the  balance  of  his  entire  holdings  to  the 
late  Samuel  Scott,  who  had  a  plan  made  of  that 
part  of  the  proposed  village  to  be  on  the  south  side 
of  the  river.  The  saw  mill  originally  built  by  Mr. 
Vader  was  burned,  and  the  mill-site  and  water 
power  were  subsequently  sold  by  Samuel  Scott  to 
Messrs.  Booth,  of  Odessa,  who  built  a  woollen  fac- 
tory upon  it,  and  sold  it  to  Messrs.  Lott  and 
Stevenson,  who,  in  turn,  sold  it  to  the  late  Peter 
Kwart,  during  whose  ownership  it  burned.  The 
mill-site  and  water  power  were  then  sold  tu  K.  W. 
Benjamin,  who  built  upon  it  the  existing  power 
house  of  the  Benjamin  Mfg.  Co.,  Limited. 

About  1850  George  Miller,  in  a  suburb  of  Yar- 
ker,  known  as  Woodmucket,  erected  a  saw  mill. 
This  mill  was  bought  in  1856  by  K.  W.  Benjamin 
who  moved  here  from  Odessa.  About  1857  the 
mill  was  burned,  and  was  rebuilt  by  E.  W.  Benja- 
min, who  also  built  a  hub  factory  on  the  same 
water-power  and  made,  beside  hubs,  grain 
measures.  It  was  in  this  factory  that  the  business 
of  the  well  known  firm  of  Connoly  and  Benjamin 
was  first  started,  which  had  assumed  considerable 
proportions  before  the  death  of  the  late  Joseph 
Connoly.  This  saw  mill  is  now  owned  by  Peter 
VanLuven,  and  operated  by  Bostwick  Babcock,  who 
does  a  purely  local  trade.  Connoly  and  Benjamin 
bought  the  ruins  of  the  old  tannery  and  rebuilt  it 
as  a  hub  and  spoke  factory,  and  then  afterwards 
turned  it  into  a  wheel  factory.  It  was  sold  by 
them  to  Benjamin  Bros.  &  West,  who  sold  to  Free- 
man &  West. 

The  Benjamin  Manufacturing  Company,  Limit- 
ed, was  incorporated  in  1895  and  erected  their  pres- 
ent commodious  premises.  They  afterwards  pur- 
chased Freeman  &  West's  building,  and  it  is  now 
used  by  them  as  a  power  house  for  their  electric 
light  plant,  and  for  storage.  The  Benjamin  Mfg. 
Company,  Limited,  have  a  very  extensive  plant, 
employing  a  considerable  number  of  men,  and  the 


YARKER    AND    VICINITY.  45 

very    latest    machinery,    and  is    one    of  the  largest 
manufacturers  of  carriage  wheels  in  Canada. 

Until  1859  the  village  was  known  as  Simcoe 
Falls,  but  there  was  no  postoffice  here,  all  the 
mail  coming  to  Peter's  Mills,  a  mile  distant.  An 
effort  was  made  in  the  early  part  of  that  year  to 
have  a  postoffice  established  here,  but  the  Govern- 
ment objected  to  the  name  of  Simcoe  Falls,  on  the 
ground  that  there  was  alreadv  a  Simcoe  in  the 
County  of  Norfolk,  and  told  the  people  they  would 
have  to  choose  another  name.  A  meeting  was 
held  in  the  store  of  John  A.  Shibley,  and  a  list  of 
names  made  out  to  be  sent  to  the  Government,  the 
names  being  placed  in  the  order  of  preference.  Mr. 
McVean  proposed  the  name  of  Yarker  after  Mr. 
George  W.  Yarker,  of  Kingston,  who  owned  all  the 
mills  at  Sydenham,  which  were  operated  by  Wm. 
Vance.  Mr.  Vance  purchased  the  property  later, 
from  Mr.  Yarker.  Mr.  Yarker  belonged  to  an  old 
English  family,  which  for  over  four  hundred  ^ears 
has  held  lands  in  Yorkshire,  the  family  seat  being 
Leyburn  Hall,  Leyburn,  parish  of  Wensley,  York- 
shire. Mr.  Yarker's  father,  Robert  Yarker,  came 
to  Canada  during  the  War  of  1812-14,  as  Deputy 
Paymaster  General  of  the  forces,  and  was  stationed 
at  "Montreal,  where  he  died  in  1835.  He,  himself, 
became  a  resident  of  Kingston,  where  he  was  a  well 
known  leader  in  society  and  patron  of  the  turf. 
Here  he  died  in  1847.  He  had  two  sons,  George 
W.  Yarker  and  James  S.  Yarker.  The  later  went 
into  business  as  a  hardware  merchant,  and  the  for- 
mer entered  the  Bank  of  Montreal,  where  he  got  on 
well,  being  manager  at  London,  England,  and  also 
at  Toronto,  for  many  years.  He  afterwards  be- 
came the  General  Manager  of  the  Federal  Bank  of 
Canada,  and  is  at  present  Manager  of  the  Clearing 
House  in  Toronto.  Mr.  James  S.  Yarker  died 
many  years  ago.  The  name  of  Yarker  was  the 
seventh  or  eighth  on  the  list,  and  it  was  hardly 
likely  that  that  name  would  be  chosen,  as  the 
Government  would  surely  be  satisfied  with  some 
name  before  they  got  so  far  down  on  the  list.  It 
was  jocularly  remarked  that  if  it  were  chosen  pos- 
siblv  Geo.  W.  and  James  S.  Yarker  would  give 
something  to  the  village.  I  have  been  told  that  the 
first  name  on  the  list  was  Pekin.  In  view  of  the 
fact  that  we  have  a  Moscow  and  Odessa  close  by, 
it  would  appear  as  if  the  people  in  this  vicinity  had 
a  strange  liking  for  the  names  of  prominent  places 


40      LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

in  foreign  countries.  Mr.  Alphaeus  VanLuven  sug- 
gested Rockburg  from  the  quantity  of  rock  around 
here.  But  the  unlikely  often  happens,  and  it  did  so 
in  this  case  as  the  Government  passed  over  all  the 
other  names  and  selected  that  of  Yarker.  Shortly 
afterwards  a  dance  was  held  in  the  village  at  which 
George  W.  and  James  S.  Yarker  were  present,  and, 
as  had  been  surmised,  they  promised  to  present  the 
village  school  with  a  bell.  In  the  course  of  the 
summer  Messrs.  Yarker  brought  out  the  bell,  and 
they  were  met  by  the  villagers  with  a  brass  band, 
and  all  repaired  to  the  woods  close  by,  where  a  pic- 
nic was  held,  speeches  were  made,  and  there  was 
general  feasting  and  merry-making.  This  bell  still 
hangs  in  the  village  school  and  bears  the  following 
inscription  :  "Presented  to  George  Miller,  Hsq.,  and 
the  inhabitants  of  Yarker  by  George  W.  and  James 
S.  Yarker,  1859." 

A  school  was  established  here  in  the  early  part 
of  the  forties.  The  old  school  building  still  exists 
on  the  south  side  of  the  river.  It  is  built  of  stone, 
is  of  one  story,  and  is  now  used  as  a  dwelling.  It 
is  said  that  there  was  a  school  building  before  this 
one,  but  if  so,  no  trace  of  it  remains.  The  present 
building  was  built  about  1872.  It  was  then  a  one- 
story  building,  but  another  story  was  added  in 
1896. 

Religious  services  were  held  in  Yarker  for  many 
years  in  the  old  school  house,  before  any  church 
building  was  erected,  by  the  Methodists  and  the 
Church  of  England.  About  1853  Yarker  formed 
part  of  the  Methodist  Wilton,  circuit  and  continued 
to  do  so  until  the  Yarker  Circuit  was  formed  about 
20  years  ago,  taking  in  Yarker,  Colebrook  and 
Moscow.  The  congregation  continued  to  worship 
in  the  school  house  until  1868,  when  the  present 
large  stone  church  was  erected.  The  church  is  now 
well  filled  with  a  good  congregation,  and  is  at  pres- 
ent in  charge  of  the  Rev.  Enos  Farns worth. 

Rev.  Paul  Shirley,  Church  of  England  mission- 
ary in  Camden,  made  frequent  visits  early  in  the 
fifties,  but  the  first  resident  clergyman  in  the  parish 
to  hold  regular  service  was  the  Rev.  W.  J.  Muckles- 
ton,  now  of  Perth.  This  was  early  in  the  sixties. 
After  the  Methodists  built  their  church,  the  Church 
of  England  congregation  bought  the  old  school  that 
they  had  jointly  occupied  and  about  1878  they 
built  a  church  on  the  hill,  which  was  subsequentlv 
burned.  The  present  church  of  St.  Anthony  was 


YARKER    AND    VICINITY.  47 

erected  in  1895  by  the  O'L,oughlin  family  as  a 
memorial  to  the  late  Rev.  Anthony  J.  O'Loughlin. 
This  was  erected  during  the  incumbency  of  the  Rev. 
F.  D.  Woodcock,  who  was  succeeded  in  1902  by  Rev. 
C.  E.  S.  Radcliffe.  This  Church  of  St.  Anthony 
is  one  of  the  prettiest  churches  I  have  ever  seen, 
perfect  in  all  its  appointments.  There  is  a  sur- 
pliced  choir  and  a  fine  service. 

The  Merchants  Bank  of  Canada  established  a 
branch  here  in  September,  1905,  and  is  now  about 
to  enter  into  their  new  and  commodious  premises 
erected  by  Mr.  E.  W.  Benjamin.  This  building  is 
a  credit  to  the  village,  and  one  of  which  the  people 
are  justly  proud.  It  is  built  of  red  brick,  two 
stories  in  height,  the  banking  room  being  on  the 
ground  floor,  and  upstairs  there  are  two  bedrooms, 
a  sitting  room  and  a  bath  room  for  the  staff.  It 
is  heated  by  hot  air,  lighted  by  electricity,  is  finish- 
ed down  stairs  in  oak,  upstairs  in  Georgia  pine, 
and  has  hardwood  floors  throughout.  The  banking 
room  is  well  lighted  and  altogether  is  far  superior 
to  any  bank  building  in  Napanee. 

No  account  of  Yarker  would  be  complete  with- 
out mentioning  the  building  of  the  Railway.  The 
first  meeting  to  form  a  Company  was  held  in  1880 
in  Napanee.  The  party  from  Yarker  comprised 
Joseph  Connoly,  E.  W.  Benjamin,  Peter  Ewart  and 
J.  V.  Burn.  The  meeting  was  held  in  the  Town 
Hall  at  Napanee,  but  so  little  interest  was  taken 
in  the  matter  that  there  was  hardly  anyone  else 
present  and  the  meeting  was  adjourned  for  a  week. 
At  the  adjourned  meeting  Alex.  Roe,  of  the  firm  of 
Hooper  &  Roe,  took  the  chair,  and  W.  S.  Williams 
was  secretary  of  the  meeting.  He  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  the  Company,  and  remained  so  during 
the  construction.  It  is  to  the  foresight  and  deter- 
mination of  the  above  men  that  the  community  is 
indebted  for  the  present  railway  facilities.  The 
first  directors  of  the  Company  were  James  Haydon, 
Joseph  Connoly,  Peter  VanLuven,  Alex.  Roe,  W. 
F.  Hall,  John  R.  Scott,  E.  W.  Benjamin  and  H.  S. 
Walker  of  Enterprise.  The  president  was  Alex. 
Henry,  of  Napanee.  The  railway  was  called  the 
Napanee,  Tarn  worth  and  Quebec  railway,  and  ex- 
tended from  Napanee  to  Tamworth.  It  was  opened 
in  August,  1884.  In  1886  the  line  was  sold  to  E. 
W.  Rathbun,  who  extended  it  to  Tweed  on  the 
north,  Sydenham  in  the  east,  and  to  Deseronto  in 
the  south,  and  secured  running  powers  over  the 


4H  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Kingston  &  Pembroke  Railway  from  Harrowsmith 
to  Kingston.  Mr.  Rathbun  had  the  name  changed 
to  Napanee  &  Western  Railway,  and  subsequently 
to  Bay  of  Quinte  Railway.  The  present  efficiency 
of  the  road  is  largely  due  to  Mr.  H.  B.  Sherwood, 
who  has  been  a  very  capable  Superintendent. 

The  village  has  two  electric  light  plants,  one 
operated  by  A.  A.  Connoly,  and  the  other  by  The 
Benjamin  Manufacturing  Company.  There  is  also 
a  good  hotel,  fitted  up  with  all  modern  con- 
veniences, owned  and  managed  by  John  Watt. 
Among  the  principal  business  men  not  already  re- 
ferred to,  I  may  mention  Mr.  B.  S.  CVLoughlin  and 
Mr.  J.  C.  Connoly.  The  village  contains  two 
general  stores  and  two  grocery  stores,  a  furniture 
store,  a  jewellery  store,  a  hardware  and  tin  shop,  a 
barber  shop,  two  blacksmith  shops,  and  a  livery. 
There  is  also  a  club  supplied  with  billiard  and  pool 
tables,  which  is  an  advantage  that  many  a  larger 
place  cannot  boast  of.  We  have  two  resident  phy- 
sicians in  the  village,  Dr.  J.  H.  Oldham  and  Dr.  M. 
A.  McQuade. 

Perhaps  some  one  who  is  familiar  with  the  falls 
at  Yarker  may  be  inclined  to  ask  why  I  have 
spoken  of  them  as  "the  beautiful  Simcoe  Falls"  ? 
If  they  are  not  as  beautiful  as  they  were  half  a 
century  ago,  it  is  simply  because  they  have  been 
marred  by  the  hand  of  man.  Anyone  examining 
the  rocks  can  see  that  the  fall  was  at  one  time  very 
much  higher  and  somewhat  wider  than  at  present, 
and  the  volume  of  water  was  much  greater.  There 
was  no  rapid  above  the  fall  then  and  there  was  a 
sheer  descent  from  the  level  of  the  river  above. 
The  rocks  were  covered  with  pine  trees,  and  build- 
ings did  not  encroach  upon  the  fall  as  at  the  present 
time.  It  must  certainly  have  been  at  that  time  a 
beautiful  fall.  But  if  the  falls  have  not  improved 
with  time,  the  village  to-day  is  very  different  from 
the  log  houses  of  the  early  forties.  Nestling  in  the 
valley,  it  makes  no  difference  from  what  direction 
you  approach,  you  cannot  see  it  until  you  are  upon 
it.  But  it  is  in  the  summer  time  that  you  see  it 
in  its  beauty.  With  its  streets  well  lined  with 
trees,  and  with  good  side  walks,  of  which  a  fair 
amount  is  of  granolithic  pavement  which  is  being 
extended  each  year  ;  with  its  fine  residences  and 
well-kept  lawns,  one  can  see  at  a  glance  that  the 
moribund  state,  which  is  the  usual  condition  of  the 
average  village,  does  not  exist  here.  Among  the 


EARLY   ECCLESIASTICAL   HISTORY.  49 

principal  residences  may  be  mentioned  those  of  E. 
W.  Benjamin,  A.  W.  Benjamin,  F.  E.  Benjamin,  J. 
C.  Connoly  and  B.  S.  O'Loughlin.  The  hotel  and 
the  new  bank  building  and  all  the  principal  resi- 
dences are  provided  with  private  water  works  of 
their  own  and  fitted  with  all  modern  conveniences. 
The  electric  light  plants  supply  excellent  light 
which  is  very  largely  used.  We  have  a  good  hall 
owned  by  Mr.  John  Ewart,  in  which  concerts  and 
meetings  of  all  kinds  can  be  held.  Manly  sports  of 
all  kinds  receive  hearty  support,  but  the  river  run- 
ning through  the  village  is  swift  and  seldom  freezes 
over,  so  we  get  but  little  skating  unless  we  go 
some  distance  away-  We  pride  ourselves  on  hav- 
ing a  model  village,  and  if  the  opinions  expressed 
by  outsiders  may  be  taken  as  a  fair  criterion,  our 
boasting  is  not  without  reason 


SOME    NOTES  OF  EARLY    ECCLESIASTICAL 
HISTORY.— BAY  OF  QUINTE  DISTRICT. 

BY    REV.    CANON    JARVIS. 

This  paper  does  not  claim  to  be  more  than  a 
compilation  from  sources  more  or  less  accessible  of 
such  facts  bearing  upon  the  early  days  of  religion 
in  this  district  as  seem  to  be  worth  preserving  in  a 
convenient  form,  and  which  may  be  of  interest  to 
members  of  the  Historical  Society.  I  shall  be  par- 
doned if  I  confine  myself  chiefly  to  matters  more 
directly  connected  with  my  own  communion  with 
which  I  might  be  expected  to  be  familiar,  touching 
only  incidentally  those  facts  which  others  could 
deal  with  more  acceptably. 

On  the  occasion  of  the  consecration  of  the 
Church  of  St.  Mary  Magdalene,  a  couple  of  years 
ago,  I  took  it  upon  myself  to  prepare  an  album 
containing  an  account  of  the  celebrations  connected 
therewith,  the  autographs  of  as  many  as  possible 
of  the  clergy  and  laity  in  attendance,  and  other 
details  which  may  be  valuable  in  years  to  come. 
To  this  is  added  an  historical  sketch  of  the  parish, 
not  yet  completed.  The  paper  I  now  present  is  in 
part  a  resume  of  the  latter,  those  portions  being 
omitted  which  would  hardly  interest  those  who  are 
not  members  of  the  congregation.  In  submitting 
these  memoranda  for  vour  consideration  I  should 


50      LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

welcome  any  corrections,  or  suggestions,  that  the 
members  of  the  Association  may  be  able  to  offer. 
My  desire  is  to  make  the  record  above  referred  to 
as  accurate  as  I  can. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  historiographer  to  carry 
his  researches  back  as  far  as  possible,  and  many 
writers  try  to  carry  their  readers  with  them  back 
of  'lbyant",  as  the  Scotchman  says,  to  regions  of 
myth  and  legend — very  entertaining  occasionally, 
but  not  always  very  instructive.  Sometimes,  no 
doubt,  by  submitting  these  old  stories  to  the  criti- 
cal sifting  process  now  vaunted  as  a  science,  many 
grains  of  truth,  or  probable  truth,  are  often  recov- 
ered which  subsequent  investigation  may  verify.  In 
the  present  instance,  however,  there  is  little  mater- 
ial of  this  sort  to  go  upon  or  to  weigh  with,  conse- 
quently our  early  days  will  not  take  us  very  far 
back  into  the  dim  shadows  of  antiquity — though  a 
couple  of  hundred  years  or  so  does  seem  a  long  time 
to  us  in  this  new  world  of  ours. 

According  to  the  first  authentic  accounts  we 
have,  or  that  I  have  come  across,  it  appears  that 
the  earliest  missionaries  of  the  cross  in  this  part  of 
the  country,  as  elsewhere,  were  those  noble  pioneers 
of  civilization  and  religion  in  most  new  lands,  the 
Jesuit  and  Recolet  Fathers.  Their  life  and  minis- 
try was  always  marked  by  heroic  self-sacrifice  and 
very  often  ended  in  heroic  martyrdom.  This  was 
in  the  days  of  the  regions  when  Canada  was  New 
France. 

To  come  down  to  dates.  In  1615  the  great 
Champlain  first  set  eyes  upon  the  glories  of  Lake 
Ontario  and  the  Bay  of  Quinte.  No  European  had 
ever  seen  them  before,  and  the  grandeur  and  beauty 
of  those  noble  waters  must  have  impressed  him  in  a 
manner  that  we,  who  can  see  them  every  day  if  we 
choose,  can  hardly  realize  in  our  matter  of  fact 
familiarity  with  their  world-renowned  scenery  at 
our  very  doors.  Champlain  was  obliged  to  winter 
somewhere  near  the  head  of  Hay  Bay.  In  his  party 
there  was  a  Recolet  Father,  whose  name  I  do  not 
know,  and  who  employed  his  time  evangelizing  the 
Indians. 

Champlain,  in  the  following  spring,  made  his 
way  up  the  Napanee  River  on  his  journey  to  the 
Ottawa  and  round  by  Lake  Nipissingr  and  the 
Georgian  Bay  and  back. 

If  any  one  is  anxious  to  trace  his  route  and 
learn  the  storv  of  the  finding  of  his  astrolabe  a  few 


EARLY   ECCLESIASTICAL   HISTORY.  51 

years  ago, — which  is  now  in  the  museum  at  Ottawa 
and  which  goes  to  prove  that  Champlain  was  once 
a  citizen  of  Napanee  nearly  300  years  ago, — I  must 
refer  him  to  our  old  friend,  Mr.  Burrows,  who 
knows  all  about  it, — I  don't.  But  when  the  ex- 
plorers broke  camp,  the  good  missionary  seems  to 
have  stayed  behind  with  his  new  flock.  If  he  did 
not,  certainly  other  missionaries  soon  took  up  his 
work,  for  we  know  that  when  De  Frontenac,  a  half 
century  later,  came  upon  the  scene,  a  very  success- 
ful and  flourishing  Roman  Catholic  Mission  had 
been  established.  To  be  more  accurate,  Frontenac 
landed  at  Cataraqui,  then  the  name  of  the  Indian 
camping  ground,  where  Kingston,  or  rather  Fort 
Henry  across  the  river,  now  stands.  Frontenac 
landed  on  July  I2th,  1673,  and  next  day  began  the 
erection  of  the  fort,  which  for  a  long  time  bore  his 
name.  We  are  not  told  that  Frontenac  was  a  good 
Orangeman,  but  no  doubt  that  he  made  choice  of 
this  date  in  order  to  celebrate  "Boyne  water." 
The  fact  that  that  little  "divarsion"  did  not  come 
off  till  a  decade  or  two  later  in  the  day  need  not 
trouble  us  greatly.  Why  should  a  matter  of  a  few 
years  one  way  or  the  other  be  allowed  to  spoil  a 
good  story  ?  Anyhow,  both  events  happened  on 
the  1 2th  of  July,  but  we  digress,  and  I  am  afraid 
we  shall  be  drifting  into  a  religious  controversy, 
which  is  "taboo"  within  these  walls,  so  we  had 
better  get  back  to  Frontenac. 

He  was  met  at  Cataraqui  by  the  Captains  of 
the  Five  Nations,  accompanied  by  the  Abbe  d'Urse, 
who  was  then  probably  in  charge  of  the  Hay  Bay 
Mission,  and  all  came  to  pay  their  respects  and 
welcome  the  new  Governor.  That  the  "Captains" 
of  the  Five  Nations  should  have  accompanied  the 
Abbe  is  strong  evidence  that  considerable  progress 
must  have  been  made  in  christianizing  the  Indians 
by  this  time.  The  records  tell  of  the  erection  of  a 
chapel  somewhere  in  the  neighborhood  ;  possibly 
where  the  trail  leading  into  the  interior  began,  near 
the  site  of  Champlain's  camp  at  Hay  Bay.  But 
no  one  knows  ;  there  is  no  tradition  to  guide  us, 
not  a  log  remains  from  which  we  might  chip  off  a 
block  to  treasure  in  our  infant  Historical  Museum, 
— quel  damage  !  If  we  could  even  get  a  splinter  off 
it  we  should  have  a  relic  that  would  rival  in  anti- 
quity and  in  interest  the  old  log  chapel  at 
Tadousac  at  the  mouth  of  the  Saguenay,  said  to  be 
the  oldest  church  in  Canada,— if  not  on  the  contin- 


52  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

ent, — the  oldest  standing  log  church  at  all  events. 

Was  the  Mission  wiped  out  in  one  of  those 
terrible  inter-tribal  wars  or  one  of  the  bloody  frays 
between  the  French  and  Iroquois  ?  Was  one  of 
those  flint  arrow  heads  we  pick  up  near  Hay  Bay 
stained  with  the  blood  of  the  good  Abbe  ?  Here  is 
a  chance  for  our  own  Sir  Gilbert  Parker,  quite  in 
his  line.  If  he  does  not  know  the  history,  he  is 
quite  capable  of  making  a  romance  that  will  be  at 
least  as  interesting  and  perhaps  more  thrilling  than 
the  actual  event,  if  event  there  was.  All  we  know 
is  that  the  Mission  has  passed  away. 

"The  sacred  taper's  lights  are  gone 
Gray  moss  has  clad  the  Altar  stone 
The  holy  image  is  o'er  thrown, 

The  bell  has  ceased  to  toll. 
The  Holy  Shrine  to  ruin  sunk, 
Departed  is  the  pious  monk — 

God's  blessing  on  his  soul." 

But  we  need  not  follow  the  fortunes  of  the 
country  under  French  rule  for  the  next  hundred 
years  down  to  the  treaty  of  Paris  in  1763,  by  which 
Canada  became  a  British  Colony,  to  develop  in  an- 
other hundred  years  into  the  Great  Dominion.  The 
fact  is,  I  can  find  but  the  merest  scraps  of  histori- 
cal reference  to  the  period.  Professor  Shortt  has 
to  complain  of  a  like  dearth  of  information  when 
dealing  with  the  epoch  from  a  secular  standpoint, 
and  the  little  we  could  find  would  be  of  no  value 
for  our  present  purpose.  No  doubt  if  we  had  re- 
course to  the  transactions  of  the  Jesuits  or  the 
annals  of  the  Recolets,  we  should  find  much  to 
interest  us.  But  by  the  end  of  the  XVIII.  century, 
the  French  and  the  Iroquois,  the  Recolet  Fathers 
and  their  Missions,  seem  to  have  disappeared  ;  the 
whole  district  outside  the  City  of  Kingston  had 
reverted  to  the  condition  of  a  spiritual  wilderness. 

Our  next  chapter  of  Ecclesiastical  History  then 
opens  with  the  advent  of  the  U.  E.  Loyalists  in 
1783-4.  But  to  get  a  better  view  of  the  religious 
condition  of  the  time,  we  must  turn  our  eyes  for  a 
few  moments  far  afield.  We  are  all  familiar  with 
the  story  of  the  Loyalists  and  do  not  wish  to  renew 
old  controversies  with  our  neighbors  across  the 
Lake.  We  have  buried  George  Washington's  "little 
hatchet"  and  we,  and  they,  have  learned  to  dwell 
side  by  side  in  peace  and  in  mutual  respect. 

Howbeit,  our  fathers  of  Loyalist  tendencies 
then  residing  in  the  New  England  States,  found  it 


EARLY   ECCLESIASTICAL   HISTORY.  53 

conducive  to  their  self  respect,  if  not  to  the  preser- 
vation of  their  lives,  to  abandon  their  homes  in  the 
new  republic  and  seek  asylum  in  Canada.  Many 
found  their  way  to  New  Brunswick,  others  finally 
settled  along  the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  shores  of 
Lake  Ontario  and  elsewhere.  We  have  to  start  now 
with  a  large  contingent  of  these  refugees,  whose 
home  was  originally  in  the  Mohawk  Valley  in  the 
State  of  New  York.  They  came  from  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Fort  Hunter,  near  Albany,  the  Capital  of 
the  State.  Many  of  them  settled  for  a  short  time 
at  Sorell,  in  Lower  Canada.  I  believe  some  300 
families  had  gathered  there,  about  the  year  1778  or 
1780.  With  them  was  the  Rev.  John  Doty,  former- 
ly an  S.  P.  G.  Missionary  at  Schnectady,  N.Y.  He 
went  over  to  England  to  plead  the  cause  of  his 
flock  before  the  English  Missionaries  Societies. 
But  on  his  return  to  Sorell  in  1783,  he  found  that 
most  of  them  had  moved  west,  to  the  Bay  of 
Ouinte,  where  they  landed  at  Adolphustown  the 
year  following. 

But,  we  are  getting  on  a  little  too  fast,  and 
must  not  pass  on  in  silence  a  few  incidents  which 
happened  before  the  Loyalists  left  the  prosperous 
Mohawk  Valley  for  this  stern  Canadian  wilderness, 
and  to  them  our  shores  must  have  seemed  little 
better,  despite  their  then  unkempt  beauty. 

Fairly  adequate  provision  had  been  made  in 
early  days  for  the  religious  needs  of  the  colonists 
in  the  more  settled  portions  of  the  country,  includ- 
ing that  part  of  New  York  of  which  we  are  now 
speaking  ;  but  the  same  can  hardly  be  said  of  the 
Indian  aborigines.  Sporadic  efforts  had  been  made 
from  time  to  time  for  their  conversion,  but  with  no 
great  persistency  or  success.  Then  as  early  as  1711 
the  Mohawks  sent  a  deputation  of  four  of  their 
principal  chiefs  to  England,  begging  Queen  Anne  to 
send  them  a  missionary.  This  journey  was  no 
slight  undertaking  in  those  days  before  trans- 
Atlantic  transportation  had  become  an  exact 
science.  The  good  Queen  was  instrumental  through 
the  agency  of  S.  P.  G.,  in  procuring  for  them  the 
appointment  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Andrews,  who  came 
out  the  following  year.  She  took  a  deep  interest 
in  the  Mission,  and  herself  presented  later  on  a 
handsome  set  of  silver  Communion  plates  and  Altar 
furnishings,  and  with  them  a  church  and  a  parson- 
age. This  silver  Communion  service  has  a  history 
of  its  own,  and  perhaps  I  may  be  allowed  a 


54  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

moment's  digression  to  tell  it.  When  (as  we  shall 
see  presently)  the  Mohawks  cast  in  their  lot  with 
the  U.  E.  Loyalists  in  1776,  an  irregular  band  of 
rebels  made  an  unexpected  raid  upon  the  settle- 
ment. The  Indians,  fearing  the  loss  of  their  great- 
est treasure,  buried  the,  sacred  vessels  in  the  depths 
of  the  forest.  When  this  war  was  over  a  party  of 
young  braves  set  out  on  a  peaceful  war  path  and  in 
due  time  returned  in  triumph,  having  accomplished 
the  object  of  their  quest.  The  plate  was  divided 
between  the  two  sections  of  the  tribe,  the  one  at 
Brantford  and  the  other  on  the  Tyendinaga  Reserve. 
This  story  may  not  rival  in  incident  and  interest 
the  Arthurian  legend  of  Sir  Galahad  and  the  Holy 
Grail,  but  it  is  worthy  a  place  in  our  Canadian 
Anthology,  and  I  should  like  to  see  the  story  writ- 
ten up  by  some  competent  scribe.  At  the  time  of 
the  second  Pan-Anglican  conference  at  Lambeth 
there  was  an  exhibition  of  Church  plate  gathered 
from  all  corners  of  the  world,  and  not  the  least  in- 
teresting exhibit  was  this  very  set  of  vessels,  so 
treasured  by  our  brethren  on  the  Reserve.  I  am 
sorry  to  say,  however,  that  in  their  long  journey 
to  and  fro,  a  chalice  was  lost,  and  so  far  as  I  know 
lias  never  been  recovered. 

Mr.  Andrews  seems  to  have  been  an  excellent 
man  and  his  worth  and  devotion  were  testified  to 
by  the  Governor  and  others.  But  he  was  greatlv 
hampered  in  his  work  by  the  Dutch  traders,  who 
resented  his  attempts  to  put  a  stop  to  their  shame- 
less dealings  with  the  natives,  more  especiallv  in 
the  matter  of  the  liquor  traffic.  The  careless  lives 
of  those  in  high  places  also  contributed  to  his 
difficulties,  as  is  so  often  the  case  when  barbaric 
tribes  gain  their  first  impression  of  Christianity 
from  the  half-barbarized  Christians  that  are  too 
often  our  representatives  at  frontier  military  and 
trading  posts.  The  kind  of  Christians  who  go  back 
home  and  proclaim  the  failure  of  Foreign  Mission?, 
a  failure  they  themselves  have  often  conspired  to 
bring  about.  Mr.  Andrews  was  so  discouraged 
that  he  made  up  his  mind  to  return  to  England,  but 
his  ship  was  lost  at  sea.  The  Mission  led  a  check- 
ered existence  till  1770,  when  the  Rev.  John 
Stewart  was  appointed  to  the  charge.  He  proved 
an  ideal  missionary  and  became  the  idol  of  both 
the  white  and  red  elements  of  hrs  congregation. 
When  the  war  of  independence  broke  out.  Stewart, 
as  might  have  been  expected,  was  among  the  most 


EARLY   ECCLESIASTICAL   HISTORY.  55 

loyal  of  the  Loyalists,  and  through  his  influence 
the  Mohawks  were  no  less  faithful  to  their  Great 
White  Father.  After  hostilities  began,  he  continued 
to  pray  daily  for  the  King  and  all  in  authority 
under  him,  thus  incurring  the  enmity  of  the  self- 
styled  patriots.  This  was  not  the  only  case  of  the 
kind.  Some  years  ago  I  had  the  pleasure  of  meet- 
ing the  Rev.  Dr.  Knight,  afterwards  Bishop  of 
Fond  du  Lac,  but  then  Rector  of  Lancaster,  Pa. 
He  told  me  that  in  his  church  there  could  be  seen 
to  that  day  two  bullet  marks  on  the  plaster  of  the 
east  wall  over  the  Altar,  the  evidence  of  the  male- 
volence, or  possibly  the  bad  marksmanship,  of  the 
patriots,  as  well  as  a  testimony  to  the  sturdy 
courage  of  the  old  priest,  who  stood  his  ground, 
regardless  of  this  emphatic  leaden  protest  against 
his  prayer  for  our  Sovereign  Lord  King  George, 
"that  all  his  subjects  might  faithfully  serve,  honor 
and  humbly  obey  him.'1  Things  did  not  come  to 
quite  so  serious  a  pass  with  the  missionary  to  the 
Mohawks.  He  was  subjected,  however,  to  no  little 
persecution  ;  but  what  hurt  him  most,  his  humble 
church  \vas  grievously  desecrated.  It  was  made  to 
do  duty  as  a  saloon,  a  barrel  of  rum  being  set  up 
in  the  prayer  desk,  and  later  on  was  turned  into  a 
stable.  Life  among  such  unneighboring  neighbors 
would  be  hard  living,  and  he  resolved  in  1781  to 
seek  a  home  where  he  could  'fear  God'  and  at  the 
same  time  'honor  the  Kin?'  without  molestation. 

Meantime  the  loyal  Mohawks  led  by  Captain 
Joseph  Brant,  joined  the  British  forces  under  Gen- 
eral Burgoyne  and  served  faithfully  during  the  war. 
At  its  close,  part  of  the  tribe  came  first  to  the 
Xiagara  peninsular,  and  afterwards  settled  at 
Brantford  on  the  Grand  River.  The  other  half  led 
by  Captain  John  Deserontyon,  after  a  short  so- 
journ at  La  Chine,  settled  on  the  Tyendinaga,  or 
Tyonderoga  Reserve.  Thus  in  the  names  "Brant- 
ford",  "Deseronto",  and  "Tyendynaga"  we  keep 
alive  the  memories  of  three  great  men  whom 
Canada,  and  indeed  the  Empire,  might  well  delight 
to  honor. 

It  seems  like  a  dispensation  of  Providence  that 
the  refugees  from  the  Mohawk  Valley,  both  whites 
and  Indians,  should  thus  have  been  re-united  in 
their  new  homes  after  several  years  of  separation, 
during  which  they  had  wandered  through  the  wild- 
erness and  drifted  so  far  apart.  All  that  remained 
to  make  the  romance  complete  was  brought  about 


50  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

when  John  Stewart,  their  old  missionary,  re-joined 
his  flock  to  minister  once  more  to  their  spiritual 
needs.  But  his  duties  were  not  confined  to  the  Bay 
district  alone.  When  we  realize  that  his  Mission 
extended  at  one  time  from  Kingston  to  Niagara, 
that  besides  his  missionary  activities  he  had  to  fill 
the  post  of  chaplain  to  the  forces  ;  that  he  opened 
and  maintained  a  successful  academy  in  Kingston  ; 
that  he  held  commission  as  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  ;  that  he  was  Bishop's  commissary 
for  all  Western  Canada,  (not  to  mention  a  few 
other  minor  offices),  few  will  begrudge  him  the 
title,  recognized,  if  not  conferred,  by  the  English 
Missionary  journals  "The  Father  of  the  Church  in 
Upper  Canada."  He  died  in  1811,  and  is  buried  in 
Kingston.  His  son,  Ven.  Archdeacon  Geo.  O'Kill 
Stewart,  was  a  hardly  less  distinguished  man,  and 
was  well  known  in  these  parts  by  some  of  our 
oldest  residents  when  they  were  a  good  deal 
younger  than  they  are  to-day. 

But  it  may  be  asked,  when  does  Napanee  come 
into  these  annals  ?  It  may  hurt  our  metropolitical 
dignity,  but  the  truth  must  be  told  that  our  County 
town  really  did  not  cut  much  of  a  figure  from  a 
church  point  of  view  in  those  ancient  days.  There 
were  congregations  meeting  together  for  worship 
here  and  there  in  various  little  hamlets,  that  we. 
in  our  city-like  scorn,  look  down  upon  as  very 
small  hamlets  still.  For  example,  it  is  on  record 
that  as  far  back  as  1785,  Jeptha  Hawley,  (we  all 
know  the  neighborhood  sacred  to  his  name),  used 
to  assemble  the  country-side  at  his  home  in  the 
"2d  Township",  and  regularly,  every  Lord's  Day, 
read  a  sermon  or  join  in  with  them  in  the  liturgy 
of  the  church. 

The  first  mention  of  Napanee  in  anv  ecclesiasti- 
cal connection  that  I  have  been  able  to  discover  is 
in  the  old  Vestry  book  preserved  amid  the  archives 
of  the  Parish  of  Bath.  St.  John's  Church,  in  that 
village,  is  the  mother  church  (so  far  as  our  com- 
munion is  concerned)  of  the  Count y  of  Lennox  and 
Addington.  It  was  built  in  1794,  and  is  one  of  the 
oldest  churches  in  the  Dominion.  The  original 
walls  are  still  standing  covered  in  by  a  quaintly 
fashioned  roof, — a  perfect  forest  of  oaken  timbers, 
fitly  framed  together,  and  promising  to  endure  in 
strength  and  stability  for  another  century  or  more. 

The  church  was  built  by  a  very  remarkable 
man,  the  Rev.  John  Langhorn,  of  whom  we  shall 


EARLY   ECCLESIASTICAL   HISTORY.  57 

have  something  to  say  presently.  He  succeeded  Dr. 
Stewart,  and  took  over  part  of  his  Mission  in  1787. 

The  Vestry  book  aforesaid  tells  us  definitely 
that  there  was  an  organized  congregation  in  Napa- 
nee  exactly  one  hundred  years  ago  (how  long  before 
I  cannot  say).  The  minutes  of  the  annual  Easter 
Vestry  meeting  for  the  year  1809  record  as  follows: 
"New  Church  Wardens  chosen  before  12  o'clock  on 
Easter  Monday  forenoon  and  in  the  church  in  the 
vear  1809  :  Benjamin  Fairfield,  sr.,  and  Jeptha 
Hawley,  for  the  Church  of  St.  John's,  Ernesttown; 
Hazelton  Spencer,  Esq.,*  and  Peter  Lampman 
Young,  for  the  congregation  of  St.  Paul's,  Freder- 
icksburgh**;  Nicholas  Woodcock  and  Christian 
Peterson,  for  the  congregation  at  Mohawk  Bay." 
Then  came  the  entry,  not  very  flattering  to  us  at 
the  County  capital  :  "No  Wardens  seem  to  be  want- 
ing for  the  Big  Brook,  Hay  Bay  and  Napanet  con- 
gregations." 

"Chosen  by  us,  John  I,anghorn,  officiating 
minister.  Sheldon  Hawley,  Jeptha  Hawley,  David 
Shorey." 

A  similar  entry  occurs  in  the  year  1810,  and 
also  the  year  following.  I  repeat,  this  entry  is  not 
over  flattering  to  our  congregational  pride,  that  we 
should  have  to  look  back  upon  the  time  when  we 
were  a  mere  appanage  to  the  thriving  Village  of 
Bath,  ranked  with  Hay  Bay  and  "Big  Creek",  and 
last  and  least  of  the  three  insignificants  for  whom 
"No  Wardens  seem  to  be  wanting"  for  three  con- 
secutive years.  Was  it  that  there  was  nothing  to 

*  Note  the  Esq.— This  distinctive  title  absent  from  the 
other  names,  no  doubt  in  recognition  of  the  fact  that 
Hazelton  Spencer  was  a  member  of  tho  first  Legislature  of 
Upper  Canada,  1792-1796  (see  transactions  of  Royal  Society 
of  Canada,  Vol.  IX.,  Sec.  IT,  1903). 

**  That  is  Sandhurst,  where  a  church  now  stands  on 
or  near  the  old  foundation,  and  under  the  same  dedication. 
The  first  church  was  built  of  logs  and  stood  on  for  25 
years.  I  can  find  no  record  of  the  second  church.  which 
took  its  place.  A  third  was  built  in  Mr.  Harding's  time 
and  remains  to  this  day.  In  Langhorn's  baptismal  register 
(referred  to  later  on)  there  is  a  note  to  the  effect  that  "the 
first  Church  of  S.  Paul  ....  was  opened  on  Christmas 
Day,  1791.  This  is  perhaps  the  first  church  that  was  ever 
built  new  from  the;  ground  in  the  Province  of  Quebec,  solely 
for  a  Church  of  England  Church,  excepting  one  of  the 
Mohawk  Churches  which  lays  claim  to  a  seniority."  lit  is 
n  coincidence  that  this  church  should  have  been  opened  on  a 
Christmas  Day  and  burned  to  the  ground  on  a  Christmas 
Day  a  quarter  of  a  century  later. 


58  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

"ward"  or  worth  warding  ?  Who  were  the  mem- 
bers ?  Where  were  the  services  held  ?  In  less  than 
a  hundred  years  all  record  is  lost  and  no  tradition 
remains  to  give  us  a  hint.  If  this  Society  can 
resurrect  any  authentic  data  from  the  buried  past 
that  will  help  to  solve  these  questions,  we  Angli- 
cans will  be  under  deep  and  lasting  obligations  to 
it.  We  should  like  to  think  that  some  one  of  the 
churches  projected  or  built  by  Mr.  Langhorn  and 
dedicated  to  various  saints,  to  us  little  more  than 
forgotten  names,  (many  of  them  at  least),  we 
should  like  to  think  that  "St.  Chads"  or  "St. 
Bees"  or  "St.  Werburgh",  no  matter  how  humble 
the  saint  might  have  been,  "located"  within  our 
borders,  that  we  might  lay  claim  to  so  much 
antiquity  at  least.  But  I  fear  we  shall  have  to  be 
content  with  our  latter  day  dates  and  trust  to 
future  ages  to  confer  upon  us  the  dignity  of 
Ancients.  By  that  time  we  shall  all  be  gone,  and 
perhaps  forgotten,  unless  some  graven  stone  or 
monumental  brass  be  found  in  St.  Mary  Magda- 
lene's to  rescue  us  from  utter  oblivion,  if  that  will 
do  us  any  good.  Let  us  rather  hope  that  our 
names  will  be  written  indelibly  in  the  "Lamb's 
Book  of  Life." 

Of  Mr.  Langhorn  himself  and  his  indefatigable 
labors,  much  could  be  written.  He  seems  to  have 
been  an  eccentric  character  in  many  ways,  and  his 
eccentricities  often  got  him  into  trouble.  His  min- 
istry demanded  that  he  should  endure  hardness  as  a 
good  soldier,  and  he  was  well  content  to  endure. 
Uncompromising  in  his  struggle  for  the  truth, 
austere,  almost  brusque  perhaps,  in  his  dealings 
with  those  who  differed  from  him,  and  seemingly 
uncouth  in  manner,  he  was  nevertheless  loved  as 
well  as  respected,  his  very  peculiarities  even  endear- 
ing him  to  those  who  had  patience  to  wait  till  they 
knewT  him  thoroughly  what  manner  of  man  he  was 
at  heart.  Stories  of  his  hardihood  still  linger 
among  the  old  folk,  who  have  heard  with  their  ears 
what  their  fathers  told  of  the  old  time  before  them. 
How  he  used  to  take  his  daily  dip  in  the  bay,  sum- 
mer and  winter,  cutting  a  hole  in  the  ice  when 
necessary, — some  say  cutting  two, — diving  into  one 
and  coming  up  at  the  other.  How  his  wonderful 
horse,  his  faithful  curate,  used  to  share  in  these 
ablutions  in  the  summer  time  at  least.  I  do  not 
know  that  any  go  so  far  as  to  credit  the  horse 
with  so  little  horse  sense  as  to  plunge  down  one  ice 


EARLY   ECCLESIASTICAL   HISTORY.  59 

hole  and  come  up  another  for  divers  reasons,  and 
the  master  out-ranked  him,  too,  in  a  peculiarly 
equine  characteristic,  namely,  in  the  matter  of  shy- 
ness, especially  where  the  fair  sex  was  concerned. 
He  never  married,  and  woman's  gentle  ministra- 
tions, which  even  married  Priests  have  to  suffer 
from  when  their  better  halves  undertake  to  tidy  up 
their  studies — were  as  sternly  excluded  from  his 
humble  abode  as  if  it  had  been  a  cell  in  the  deepest 
recesses  of  a  Trappist  monastery.  But  many  a 
similar  libel  has  been  told  of  the  clergy  in  the  past 
and  in  the  present,  so  we  may  take  them  all  with 
some  abatement  and  discount  the  residuum.  Kven 
then  the  residuum  might  be  expanded  into  many  a 
good  yarn,  which,  as  I  said  before,  it  would  be  a 
pity  to  spoil.  If  they  be  not  true,  they  are  very 
well  invented  and  ought  to  be  true,  as  the  Italian 
proverb  has  it. 

I  should  here  give  some  account  of  the  celebrat- 
ed Langhorn  registers,  but  as  it  is  getting  late  and 
they  have  been  copied  and  published  in  the  records 
of  the  parent  Society,  I  may  pass  them  over  now. 
Although  the  interest  attaching  to  the  original 
documents  can  not  be  reproduced  in  cold  print,  I 
have  had  the  satisfaction  of  examining  them  in  the 
Diocesan  Registry  Office,  and  indeed  I  was  able  to 
supply  a  copy  of  one  of  them  that  had  been  over- 
looked by  the  late  Thomas  Casey,  when  he  trans- 
cribed the  others  for  the  benefit  of  the  Historical 
Society.  If  the  members  of  the  Society  so  desire, 
I  may  be  able,  on  a  future  occasion,  to  refer  to 
these  original  records  at  greater  length,  and  bring 
out  some  of  the  lost  history  of  the  time  which  can 
be  read  between  the  lines  of  the  manuscript.  But  I 
must  add  one  word  more  before  closing  in  reference 
to  Mr.  Langhorn  himself.  His  last  entry  was  in 
1813,  in  which  year  he  left  the  country  to  return  to 
his  home  in  England.  We  are  not  told  why  he  left 
or  whether  he  intended  to  return.  Possibly  the  war 
of  1812-14  had  something  to  do  with  his  departure. 
Things  must  have  been  very  unsettled  along  the 
frontier  at  the  time.  Kingston  was  a  military  and 
naval  base,  and  although  we  do  not  find  much  re- 
ference to  the  part  taken  in  the  fighting  by  our 
people  of  these  Counties,  there  must  have  been  a 
good  deal  of  hardship  for  them  to  go  through.  A 
company  of  volunteers  commanded  by  Captain  Dor- 
land,  was  furnished  by  Adolphustown  ;  perhaps 
there  were  others.  Anvhow,  the  well  stocked  farms 


«f»  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

along  the  Bay  did  good  service,  and  were  a  bonanza 
for  the  commissiariat  department.  It  is  not  likely 
that  the  hard  times  were  alone  responsible  for  Mr. 
Ivanghorn's  absence  from  the  scene.  He  was  not 
that  kind  of  man.  In  fact  I  have  heard  that  he 
went  back  to  assist  his  aged  mother  in  the  old 
land,  for  whose  support  out  of  his  slender  income 
he  had  to  provide.  Anyhow,  he  set  sail,  and  like 
Mr.  Andrews,  was  never  heard  of  again,  and  for 
the  same  reason, — his  ship  foundered  at  sea.  This 
convenient  manner,  however,  of  getting  rid  of  so 
many  of  our  missing  missionaries  looks  rather 
suspicious,  but  we  cannot  help  that. 

I  should  like  to  refer  to  the  part  borne  in  the 
early  Ecclesiastical  History  of  our  country  by  such 
well  known  characters  as  Mr.  McDowal,  the  Pres- 
byterian protagonist,  the  contemporary  of  Mr. 
Langhorn,  whose  life  was  no  less  romantic,  and 
who 'left  registers  no  less  instructive  than  those 
above  referred  to.  We  should  also  have  a  full  ac- 
count of  the  Losees  and  Barbara  Hecks,  and  the 
Kmberys  and  other  Methodist  worthies  of  the  per- 
iod, but  the  title  of  my  paper  and  the  limits  with- 
in which  I  proposed  to  keep  at  the  outset,  forbid 
my  entering  upon  a  task  which  athers  are  better 
fitted  to  discharge,  and  we  hope  some  one  will 
undertake  it  for  our  benefit  at  future  meetings  of 
the  Society. 

Meanwhile  may  we  say  of  them  all, — Recollet 
Fathers,  Anglican  Priests,  Presbyterian  Divines, 
Methodist  Class  Readers  and  Circuit  Riders, — let  us 
say  of  them  all  : 

"The  saints  of  God,  their  wanderings  done 
No  more  their  weary  course  they  run, 
No  more  they  faint,  no  more  they  fall 
No  foes  oppose,  no  fears  appal, 
Oh,  Happy  Saints,  forever  blest, 
Tn  that  dear  Home  how  sweet  you  rest  !" 


SOME  EARLY  AMUSEMENTvS  OF  THE 
COUNTY. 

BY  C.   M.    WARNER. 

Early  history  of  this  district  always  begins 
with  the  discovery  of  the  Bay  of  Quinte  and  Lake 
Ontario  by  Champlain. 

In  writing  of  the  early  amusements,  we  natur- 
ally think  first  of  the  great  discoverer  and  his  small 
band,  and  of  the  winter  of  1615-16,  which  they 
spent  on  the  shores  of  the  Bay  of  Quinte.  Being 
forced  to  remain  there  during  those  months  (for 
the  Indians  would  not  allow  them  to  leave)  they 
accepted  the  inevitable  as  only  a  true  Frenchman 
can,  and  spent  their  time  in  hunting  and  fishing. 
But  they  were  explorers  and  as  soon  as  the  winter 
was  over  they  journeyed  back  to  Montreal.  The 
Bay  of  Quinte  is  little  referred  to  by  historians 
from  the  time  of  the  visit  of  Champlain  until  about 
the  year  1678,  when  the  Count  de  Frontenac  made 
his  celebrated  visit,  to  be  received  by  La  Salle  on 
the  "large  island  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  (St. 
Lawrence)  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Quinte".  This 
party  was  more  picturesque  than  was  Champlain' s 
defeated  band.  One  writer  says  "The  scene  was 
like  a  tale  of  Fearie, — there. were  gallant  officers  in 
splendid  uniform,  who  handed  fair  ladies  from  the 
boats  chatting  gaily  in  the  brilliant  and  voluble 
dialect  of  France.  There  was  the  Viceroy's  body 
guard,  and  there  were  four  pages  of  noble  birth 
after  the  fashion  of  the  times,  attired  in  suits  of 
velvet  and  silk,  who  bore  the  Governor's  badge 
embroidered  in  gold  upon  their  arms".  Surely  a 
splendid  opportunity  awaited  these  people  at  old 
Fort  Cataraqui,  and  it  is  little  wonder  that  in  all 
the  gaiety,  the  charming  widow  Madame  de  Bour- 
donnais  learned  to  love  the  gallant  Monsieur  de  La 
Salle.  These  early  residents  hunted  and  rode, 
danced  and  had  their  balls  in  very  much  the  same 
fashion  as  did  their  brothers  and  sisters  at  home 
in  France  ;  and  they  left  their  habits  in  the  County, 
for,  we  learn  that  the  first  English  settlers, — al- 
though in  a  majority  of  cases  they  were  very  poor, 
—grew  fond  of  the  dance  and  other  amusements. 


62  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

The  people  who  settled  our  County  were  by  no 
means  all  of  a  Puritanical  turn. of  mind.  The  ma- 
jority of  these  early  settlers  being  United  Empire 
Ivoyalists,  had  started  with  nothing.  We  find  that 
they  at  once  began  to  clear  small  pieces  of  land  in 
different  parts  of  the  "front"  of  the  County,  and 
aided  each  other  to  build  the  log  cabins,  which 
were  afterwards  to  be  replaced  by  more  pretentious 
frame  dwellings.  Kven  in  this  first  work  they 
formed  "bees"  for  the  raisings,  and  one  of  the  im- 
portant parts  of  each  "bee"  was  the  adjournment 
from  labor  to  refreshment.  Caniff  tells  of  one  of 
these  "bees"  held  in  1789,  when  the  first  log  barn 
was  raised  in  Adolphustown.  For  this  event  the 
mother  of  the  family  had  carefully  put  away  eggs 
to  the  amount  of  a  pailful,  well  heaped.  The  eggs 
were  well  beaten,  mixed  with  rum  and  all  the  milk 
that  could  be  kept  sweet  from  the  last  few  milkings 
and  served  to  the  party  of  workers. 

As  the  years  went  by,  these  settlers  had  more 
time  for  the  pleasures  of  this  world  though  for 
many  years  we  find  the  tendency  was  to  mix  the 
fun  with  the  work.  First  came  the  Raising  Bees, 
then  the  Logging  Parties,  then  the  Sugaring  Off 
parties  and  the  Husking  Bees.  All  of  these  were 
originally  started  with  the  idea  of  giving  aid  to 
the  neighbor,  although  in  more  recent  years  the 
sugaring  off  parties  have  become  mere  pleasure  out- 
ings. Caniff  says  they  were  all  meetings  of  a 
more  or  less  hilarious  order,  but  that  the  work  was 
done  and  with  a  will.  He  further  says  :  "After 
the  work,  all  were  treated  to  a  glorious  supper, 
generally  pot-pie  and  cakes,  and  pies  of  pumpkin 
and  apple,  and  then  commenced  the  play  and  the 
dance." 

In  the  early  years  of  the  last  century  a  wedding 
was  a  great  event,  and  they  were  almost  always 
followed  by  a  dance  which  was  kept  up  for  two  or 
three  successive  nights  at  different  places.  Visit- 
ing was  very  much  in  vogue.  Near  neighbors 
would  call  in  the  evening,  uninvited,  and  frequent- 
ly visits  were  made  to  friends  at  a  distance  when 
the  trip  would  be  made  by  canoe  or  on  horseback. 
To  quote  from  "Sketches  of  Upper  Canada,"  by 
John  Howison,  printed  in  1825, — "When  the  snow 
is  on  the  ground  a  great  deal  of  visiting  goes  on, 
and  balls,  picnics  and  card  parties  very  frequently 
occur.  The  Canadians  in  general,  partake  largely 
of  the  sanguine  temperament,  being-  lively,  inclined 


EARLY    AMUSEMENTS    OF    THE   COUNTY.  63 

to  hospitality  and  extremely  fond  oi  pleasure,  .  .  . 
Some  of  the  Canadian  ladies  are  extremely  pretty  ; 
but  their  chief  attractions  lie  in  the  naivete  of 
their  manners,  and  in  their  beautifully  dark  and 
sparkling  eyes.  They  lose  their  teeth  and  good 
looks  eight  or  ten  years  sooner  than  the  females  of 
Europe." 

In  another  book  written  in  1820,  "The  Emi- 
grants Guide  to  Upper  Canada",  the  author,  C. 
Stuart,  says  of  our  ancestors  :  "Their  amusements, 
of  course,  are  unhappily  like  those  of  the  world  : 
horse  racing,  betting,  shooting,  and  where  leisure 
abounds,  idle  conversation,  balls,  cards  and  the 
theatre,  etc." 

Is  it  any  wonder  that  with  this  kind  of  a  start 
in  the  County,  our  fathers  and  mothers  expected 
and  found  some  recreation  of  a  secular  nature  ? 
Perhaps  they  were  not  all  forced  to  learn  to  dance, 
as  Caniff  Plaight  describes  that  interesting  episode 
in  his  life.  I  will  quote  his  own  words.  "I  learned 
to  step  off  on  the  light  fantastic  toe,  as  many 
another  Canadian  boy  has  done,  on  the  barn  floor, 
where,  with  the  doors  shut,  I  went  gliding  up  and 
down,  through  the  middle,  balancing  to  the  pitch- 
fork, turning  round  the  old  fanning  mill,  then 
double  shuffling  and  closing  with  a  profound  bow  to 
the  splint  broom  in  the  corner."  But  many  of 
these  people  were  taught  in  this  kind  of  a  school, 
and  Mr.  Haight  says  "whether  dancing  be  right  or 
wrong,  it  is  certain  the  inclination  of  the  young  to 
indulge  in  it  is  about  as  universal  as  the  taint  of 
sin." 

If  we  could  find  it,  there  is  probably  consider- 
able material  stored  away  with  the  family  papers 
of  our  old  residents  telling  of  the  particular  events 
which  were  held  in  the  twenties.  But  one  lone  in- 
vitation has  been  secured  by  our  Society.  This 
one  is  written  on  an  ordinary  double  sheet  of  note 
paper  and  reads  as  follows  : 

"Mr.  S.  Benson's  attendance  is  respectfully  solicited  at 
N.  Harrises'  Inn  on  Friday,  the  31st  inst.,  at  3  o'clock 
p.m.,  by 

G.    GRIPPERS, 
S.  KELLOG, 

Managers. 
Adolphustown,  December  22d,  1824." 

This  invitation  is  followed  by  one  of  the  same 
wording  for  Mr.  Benson's  brother,  and  each  is  sur- 
rounded bv  two  lines  drawn  with  ink,  the  inner 


64  LENNOX   AND   ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

one  black  and  the  outer  one  red.  After  the  two 
invitations,  and  on  the  same  page,  is  written  the 
following  note  : 

"Mr.  Benson,  Sir, — 

It  will  be  highly  pleasing  to  me  to  have  you  come  down 
to  attend  said  Ball  if  you  possibly  can,  and  your  brother 
also  together  with  your  partners. 

From,  Yours  in  haste, 

S.  KELLOG  " 
"Fredericksburgh,- December  22d,  1824." 

What  an  interesting  evening  one  could  spend,  if 
it  were  only  possible  to  hear  of  these  country 
dances  first  hand.  They  probably  had  two  "fid- 
dlers", and  danced  until  daylight.  But  these 
people  did  not  confine  their  pleasures  to  the  dance. 
It  is  true  they  had  very  few  holidays,  even  Christ- 
mas being  imperfectly  observed,  but  they  managed 
to  find  time  for  fun. 

A  great  amount  of  pleasure  seems  to  have  been 
obtained  in  those  days  from  composing  such  non- 
sense rhymes  as  the  following  written  a  hundred 
years  ago,  and  called  : 

"AN  IRISH  RECEIPT  TO  CURE  A  LOVE  YIT." 

"Tie  one  end  of  a  rope,  fast  over  a  beam, 
And  make  a  slip  noose  at  the-  other  extreme, 
Then  just  underneath  let  a  cricket  be  set, 
On  which  let  the  lover  most  manfully  get, 
Then  over  his  head  let  the  snicket  he  got 
And  under  one  ear  be  well  settled  the  knot  ; 
The  cricket  kicked  down,  let  him  take  a  fair  s\\ing 
And  leave  all  the  rest  to  the  work  of  the  string." 

Or  in  another  vein, 

"When  I  have  cash  I  mount  a  gig, 
When  I  have  none  I  hop  the  twig  ; 
When  I  have  cash  it's  hurly  burly, 
When  I  have  none  I'm  dull  and  surly  ; 
When  I  have  cash,  why  then  I  roof  it, 
When  I  have  none,  why  then  I  hoof  it." 

Old  and  young  indulged  in  the  occupation,  and 
when  once  written  they  were  passed  to  the  neigh- 
bors and  caused  great  amusement. 

In  the  thirties  the  people  continued  with  their 
dances  and  balls.  A  special  event  which  caused 
great  enthusiasm  in  the  winter  of  1835,  was  the 
trip  through  Napanee  of  Sir  John  Calhoun.  This 
head  of  the  Government  was  tendered  an  elaborate 
reception  by  the  citizens  of  the  County,  and  his 


EARLY    AMUSEMENTS    OF    THE   COUNTY.  65 

appreciation  of  their  work  was  fittingly  expressed 
in  his  reply  to  the  address  which  was  presented  to 
him. 

An  odd  wedding  invitation  is  in  our  collection. 
It  reads  as  followrs  : 

Napanee,   7th  November,   1839. 
"My  dear  Sir, — 

"I  have  a  favor  to  beg  at  your  hands,— deny  me  not. 
Will  you  have  the  goodness  to  accompany  me  and  Betsy 
about  twelve  miles  on  Monday,  the  25th  inst.,  to  see  your 
old  companion  sobered  for  life.  Write  me,  and  give  my 
love  to  old  and  young,  and  believe  me  to  be, 

Ever  your  affectionate, 

ALEX.  MARGACH." 

Probably  Alexander  and  Betsy  were  married  in 
the  same  old  way,  and  were  accompanied  by  all 
the  boys  and  girls  for  the  dance  in  the  evening. 
And  as  he  was  a  well  known  citizen,  the  chances 
are  that  he  and  his  bride  were  tendered  an  old 
fashioned  charivari.  This  last  custom  was  one  in- 
troduced from  France.  On  the  night  of  the  wed- 
ding, crowds  of  uninvited,  masked  guests  made  the 
place  hideous  with  guns,  tin  pans,  pails,  bones, 
fiddles  and  everything  else  that  could  be  made  to 
produce  a  noise,  and  they  kept  it  up  until  silenced 
by  a  treat  or  with  money. 

Great  excitement  was  caused  in  this  decade  by 
the  rebellion  of  1837-8.  In  every  locality  compan- 
ies of  soldiers  were  formed  and  those  who  volun- 
teered expected  to  have  to  fight  for  their  country. 
The  soldier  boys  were  very  popular  with  the  girls 
and  all  kinds  of  entertainment  was  planned  for 
them.  By  this  time  the  settlements  had  extended 
back  into  the  County  and  Mill  Creek,  Simmons 
Mills  and  Rogues  Hollow  were  asking  for  new 
names.  But  the  war  did  not  amount  to  much  and 
the  heroes  settled  down  to  their  natural  work  once 
more. 

In  the  forties  the  second  generation  began  to 
claim  attention.  It  was  to  be  expected  that  they 
would  improve  on  their  father's  and  mother's  way 
of  doing  things.  Transportation  had  improved, 
the  York  road  had  been  macadamized  and  the 
people  of  the  County  made  more  frequent  trips  to 
Kingston  and  Napanee.  On  May  nth,  1844,  at  a 
public  meeting  held  in  the  Court  Room  for  the 
Township  of  Richmond,  with  George  H.  Detlor, 
presiding,  the  Napanee  branch  of  the  Midland  Dis- 
trict Agricultural  Society  was  formed.  The  fol- 


06  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

lowing  gentlemen  composed  the  Board  of  Mana- 
gers :  David  Roblin,  Chairman  ;  George  H.  Detlor, 
Secretary  and  Treasurer  ;  Archibald  Caton,  Amos 
Schermehorn,  James  Wilson,  Frederick  A.  Oliver, 
Daniel  McBride,  Samuel  R.  Shaw,  E.  F.  Dunham, 
and  Fletcher  Empey. 

The  first  meeting  was  held  on  the  third  Tuesday 
in  September.  Unfortunately  our  Society  has  no 
complete  record  of  these  early  County  Fairs,  but 
from  occasional  scraps  and  from  personal  reminis- 
cences of  our  older  residents,  we  learn  that 
"County  Show  Day"  was  always  looked  forward 
to  by  the  young  gallants  as  the  one  day  in  the  year 
in  which  it  was  absolutely  necessary  to  give  their 
"best  girl"  an  outing.  And  it  is  said  that  on  those 
days  the  York  Road  and  other  highways  leading  to 
the  Village  were  usually  well  filled  with  streams  of 
carriages  of  every  description. 

Fortunately  more  accurate  data  is  in  our  pos- 
session concerning  the  amusements  for  the  ten 
years  from  1850  to  1860.  Naturally  the  interest 
centres  around  the  Village  of  Napanee,  which  was 
incorporated  in  1855,  and  our  Society  should  be 
proud  of  having  in  its  archives  so  many  papers  re- 
lating to  that  period. 

The  vogue  of  giving  parties  which  continues  so 
much  in  evidence  in  our  town  at  the  present  time, 
was  really  inaugurated  in  1850.  And  no  doubt 
there  are  residents  of  the  present  day  who  can  re- 
call delightful  evenings  spent  at  the  McPhersons, 
the  Campbells  and  the  other  homes  of  prominence. 

In  1853  the  Napanee  Club  Library  was  formed. 
The  meeting  to  complete  the  organization,  receive 
books,  pay  for  the  shares,  etc.,  was  held  on  Friday 
evening,  November  i8th,  at  7  o'clock,  in  the  Court 
House,  and  the  call  for  the  meeting  was  signed  by 
George  C.  Tremaine.  In  this  same  year  the  first 
exhibition  was  held  in  the  Napanee  Academy. 

On  March  24th,  1855,  a  petition  was  circulated 
and  well  signed,  asking  that  permission  be  given 
C.  S.  German  "to  occupy  a  position  on  John 
street  alongside  of  F.  A.  Morris'  Railroad  Clothing 
Store,  and  entirely  off  Dundas  street  with  a  Dague- 
rean  saloon,  in  consideration  that  the  said  C.  S. 
German  is  willing  to  pay  for  said  privilege  at  the 
rate  of  three  pounds,  fifteen  shillings  currency,  per 
year."  The  signature  attached  to  this  paper  are 
as  follows  :  C.  S.  German,  E.  A.  Morse,  E.  C. 
Clark,  G.  D.  Greenleaf,  James  Blakelv,  W.  S. 


EARLY    AMUSEMENTS    OP   THE    COUNTY.  07 

Raiiory,  Jessy  Shibley,  John  Crysdale,  John  T. 
Grange,  James  Grange,  Henry  Shannon,  Titus  T. 
Brown,  George  Sexsmith,  Davis  Fraser,  Andrew 
Gould,  Wm.  L/amphier,  H.  T.  Forward,  John 
Blewett,  Amos  Schermehorn,  Robert  Easton  and 
F.  W.  Morse.  This  in  all  probability,  was  the 
first  photograph  gallery  in  Napanee. 

The  institution  of  the  Town  Fair  Day  was  in 
1855.  Many  of  those  present  to-night  will  remem- 
ber the  custom  of  bringing  to  town  the  cattle, 
horses  and  sheep  on  special  days  in  each  month, 
when  buyers  were  on  hand  to  take  what  was  offer- 
ed for  sale.  The  Charter  from  Governor  General, 
Sir  Edmund  Walker,  permitting  the  Sheriff  of  the 
United  Counties  of  Frontenac,  Lennox  and  Adding- 
ton,  Thomas  A.  Corbett,  of  Kingston,  to  hold  fairs 
in  the  Village,  is  in  our  possession.  It  is  signed 
by  the  Governor's  Secretary  and  by  John  A.  Mac- 
don  aid  as  Attorney  General  of  Upper  Canada,  and 
is  dated  at  Quebec,  May  25th,  1855. 

In  1855,  Napanee  made  a  special  effort  to  have 
a  grand  celebration  on  the  Queen's  birthday.  We 
have  the  original  subscription  list  giving  the  39 
names  of  those  who  contributed  towards  the  suc- 
cess of  the  day. 

An  interesting  document    gives  us  a  statement 
of  the    receipts    from    outside    sources    on   "Show 
Day",    June  26th,    1855.        Some  of    the    items  of 
revenue  were  : 
S.  B.  Homes,  Circus  and  Menagerie,  1  day  permit   £10.0.0 

Duan,— Exhibition  Tom  Thumb 7.6 

J.  W.   Saber,   Selling  Eclectric  Oil 5.0 

George  Files,  selling  Lemonade 10.0 

Charles    Snider,    selling   Lemonade 10.0 

In  1856,  the  burning  of  "Campbell's  Tavern" 
was  looked  upon  as  a  great  catastrophe,  as  this 
Inn  was  a  favorite  one  in  the  village.  But  it  was 
soon  rebuilt  in  better  form  and  remains  to  the 
present  day. 

A  grand  Amateur  Concert  was  given  in  the 
Napanee  Academy  on  February  I4th,  when  nearly 
£75  was  collected  for  the  benefit  of  the  church.  The 
programme  was  composed  of  18  numbers.  The 
Kingston  Amateur  Band  was  present,  and  the 
Misses  Davy,  Mrs.  Davy,  Mrs.  McCracker,  and 
Messrs.  Gaskin,  Kemp,  Beel,  L,ister,  Weston,  Suth- 
erland and  Williams  gave  the  selections.  The  doors 
opened  at  6.30,  and  the  concert  commenced  at  7 
p.m. 

On  June  TTth,  1856,  the  town  put  on  gay  attire 


08  LENNOX   AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

to  lay  the  corner  stone  of  the  new  Market  House 
and  Town  Hall.  A  great  procession  was  held,  and 
the  event  was  long  remembered.  One  unlooked  for 
catastrophe  occurred.  The  box  in  the  corner  stone 
was  stolen  the  same  night,  but  the  perpetrators  of 
the  deed  were  soon  afterwards  caught  and  properly 
punished.  A  list  of  the  articles  in  this  box  is 
among  our  papers. 

In  October  of  the  same  year  several  citizens  of 
the  County  received  invitations  to  attend  a  grand 
celebration  in  Montreal  to  commemorate  the  com- 
pletion of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  between  that 
city  and  Toronto.  The  invitation  with  letter  of 
instruction  in  our  archives,  was  sent  to  my  father, 
Sidney  Warner,  of  Wilton. 

Our  first  record  of  the  Napanee  Cricket  Club  is 
dated  in  1857.  Belleville  played  a  friendly  game 
with  the  Napanee  boys  in  October,  and  left  for 
home  eighty-nine  runs  ahead. 

Dancing  appears  to  have  been  one  of  the  chief 
sources  of  amusement  during  all  these  years,  and 
continued  to  be  so  in  the  sixties,  notwithstanding 
that  unique  fashion  adopted  by  the  ladies  of  the 
period  of  wearing  hoop  skirts.  In  Napanee,  Mr. 
McMillan's  dancing  academy  was  in  full  swing,  and 
Bath,  Centre ville,  Wilton,  Odessa  and  Newburgh 
were  holding  regular  assemblies.  The  favorite 
dances  were  the  Quadrille,  Schottische,  Polka, 
Lancers,  Circassian  Circle,  Waltz  and  Gallop,  Co- 
tillion, Kight  Hand  Reel,  Redowa  and  Sir  Roger 
De  Coverly.  The  County  Town  Ball  held  in  Nap- 
anee in  1865,  had  a  programme  of  28  dances.  The 
Master  of  Ceremonies  was  B.  C.  Davy,  Ksq., 
Mayor  of  the  Town,  and  the  Stewards,  J.  J. 
Burrows,  Judge,  J.  B.  McGuin,  K.  Hooper,  Wm. 
Miller,  J.  Herring,  M.  T.  Rogers,  H.  T.  Forward, 
E.  J.  Hooper,  Robert  McCoy,  S.  T.  Clements,  D. 
A.  Roblin,  G.  Bogart,  T.  G.  David,  B.  C.  Daw,  G. 
S.  Holmsted,  W.  Munro,  R.  Downey  and  F.  W. 
Campbell.  Dancing  commenced  at  9  p.m.,  and  the 
Ball  was  held  in  the  Town  Hall. 

One  of  the  Assemblies  given  in  1862,  three  years 
earlier,  had  the  same  Master  of  Ceremonies  with 
the  following  Stewards,  John  Stevenson,  F.  W. 
vSmith,  M.  P.  Roblin,  Wm.  Miller,  M.  C.  Whitcomb, 
W.  H.  Wilkison,  James  F.  Bartles,  M.  T.  Rogers, 
A.  S.  Bristol,  M.D.,  William  McGillivray,  G.  H. 
Davy,  S.  T.  Clements  and  John  McCay. 

In     the     seventies     the     amusements    continued 


EARLY    AMUSEMENTS    OP   THE   COUNTY.  69 

along  similar  lines.  The  Napanee  dances  were 
managed  by  a  later  generation,  and  we  find  the 
names  of  A.  L.  Morden,  R.  Downey,  T.  J.  Robert- 
son, T.  F.  O'Connell,  Thomas  Malloy,  R.  G. 
Wright,  G.  Bogart,  T.  S.  Carman,  D.  H.  Preston. 
D.  A.  Roblin,  G.  A.  Stevenson,  E.  W.  Rathbun, 
Robt.  Downey  and  J.  R.  Pruyn,  appearing  as 
Stewards.  In  the  County  Bath,  Odessa,  New- 
burgh,  Centreville  and  Wilton  added  their  regular 
number  of  attractions. 

In  Napanee  an  event  of  importance  was  the 
opening  of  the  Centre  Street  Skating  Arena,  on 
December  i6th,  1875.  Robert  McGinnis  was  pro- 
prietor, and  G.  H.  Downey,  H.  L.  Geddes,  J. 
Sweeney,  B.  S.  Abrams,  A.  A.  Benson  and  S. 
Tobey  were  active  in  the  management.  The  rink 
was  132  feet  square,  protected  by  a  high  fence  and 
had  well  warmed  dressing  rooms. 

Abel  Yates  contributed  to  the  pleasure  of  those 
who  enjoyed  the  theatre  by  bringing  to  Napanee 
numerous  stock  Companies,  and  judging  by  the 
reports  in  the  local  press  of  the  period,  the  plays 
were  well  attended.  In  addition  to  the  profession- 
al talent  the  plays  presented  by  the  Napanee  Dra- 
matic Club  were  well  received.  The  names  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  J.  S.  Robinson,  Mrs.  J.  S.  Richardson, 
Geo.  McCoy,  Joseph  McAllister,  F.  Mills  and  W. 
Madden,  bring  to  mind  many  pleasant  evenings, 
and  judging  by  the  reports  we  have  the  popular 
plays,  such  as  "Never  too  late  to  Mend"  were  well 
put  on.  This  generation  was  a  great  one  for  out- 
of-door  sports.  The  successes  of  the  Napanee 
Cricket  Club,  Silver  Leaf  Baseball  Club,  Lennox 
and  Addington  Rifle  Association,  and  the  Academy 
Athletic  Association,  prove  that  this  County  was 
well  represented  in  the  athletic  world.  The  Cricket 
Club  played  several  games  with  Picton,  Kingston 
and  Belleville,  and  a  game  played  on  July  1st, 
1877,  between  two  local  teams,  "The  Civilians" 
and  "The  Artillery,"  caused  a  great  amount  of 
discussion.  The  report  of  the  game  says  that  F.  S. 
Richardson  and  J.  Webster,  of  the  Artillery  team, 
made  the  best  scores.  The  Artillery  team  won  the 
match  by  one  run  and  nine  wickets.  The  officers  of 
the  club  that  year  were  :  H.  I,.  Geddes,  H.  E. 
Moore,  John  Bowey  and  B.  S.  Abrams. 

The  Silver  Leafs  played  great  baseball.  Among1 
the  officers  are  the  names  of  J.  H.  Herring,  J.  P. 
Davis,  C.  W.  Mills,  W.  G.  Fralick,  C.  Blair  and  J. 


70  LENNOX   AND   ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Phelan.  Keen  rivalry  was  manifested  in  the  con- 
tests with  the  "Troublers,"  of  Belleville,  and  the 
"Dufferins",  of  Bath. 

The  Roman  Catholic  Church  held  some  very 
successful  picnics  during  these  years.  One  given  at 
the  Palace  Grounds  on  July  loth,  1877,  was  attend- 
ed by  over  1,200  people.  Refreshments  were  served 
by  Mr.  Bezo,  and  music  was  furnished  by  Morgan's 
Band  and  the  Napanee  Band.  A  big  meeting  was 
held  in  the  Palace,  with  addresses  by  several  prom- 
inent citizens,  and  in  a  contest  between  Sir  John 
A.  Macdonald  and  Sir  Richard  Cartwright  for  a 
gold-headed  cane,  Sir  Richard  won  by  400  major- 
ity, and  the  cane  was  presented  to  him. 

The  "Grangers"  were  very  strong-  at  this  time, 
and  held  a  number  of  picnics  throughout  the 
County  to  advance  their  cause.  One  of  particular 
note  was  given  in  Peter  Miller's  grove,  near  Napa- 
nee Mills,  in  June,  1877,  when  4,000  people  were 
fed,  "and  there  were  provisions  left." 

The  Academy  Athletic  Association  was  instru- 
mental in  developing  some  first-class  athletes.  At 
one  of  their  meets,  jumping,  running,  putting 
weights  and  steeple  chases  were  the  features,  and 
the  Rev.  J.  J.  Bogart,  Judge  Wilkison  and  Messrs. 
Geddes  and  Morden  acted  as  Judges,  with  Mr.  T. 
Trimble  as  Starter,  and  Mr.  W.  Tilley  as  Time- 
keeper. 

Time  will  not  permit  my  going  into  further 
particulars  of  this  subject  to-night.  One  could 
write  an  interesting  paper  describing  the  methods 
employed  by  our  citizens  in  seeking  amusement 
during  the  last  twenty-seven  years.  The  develop- 
ment of  the  County  picnic,  the  amateur  theatricals, 
the  circus,  the  race  meet,  the  athletic  games,  the 
excursion  habit,  the  afternoon  teas,  the  sewing 
school  and  the  church  fairs  are  within  the  memorv 
of  most  of  those  present,  and  I  hope  some  one  will 
devote  the  time  to  write  of  them.  In  this  paper  I 
have  attempted  to  give  a  rough  outline  of  the 
general  spirit  of  the  early  years  in  this,  one  of  the 
oldest  Counties  in  the  Province. 

"What  soften'd  remembrances  come  o'er  the  heart, 

In  gazing  on  those  we've  been  lost  to  so  long  ! 
The  sorrows,  the  joys,   of  which  once  they  were  part, 

Still  round  them  like  visions  of  yesterday  throng. 
As  letters  some  hand  hath  invisibly  traced, 

When  held  to  the  flame  will  steal  out  on  the  sight  ; 
So  many  a  feeling,  that  long  seemed  effaced, 

The  warmth  of  a  meeting  like  this  brings  to  light. 


THE  HISTORICAL  RECORD  OF  THE  VILLAGE 
OF  CENTREVILLE. 

BY    J.   S.   LOCHHEAD. 

The  Village  of  Centreville  is  situated  almost  in 
the  centre  of  the  Township  of  Camden,  and  from 
this  fact  it  derives  its  name. 

It  lies  between  lots  24  and  25,  in  the  front  of 
the  6th  concession.  The  surrounding  country  is 
comparatively  level,  and  an  excellent  farming  dis- 
trict. The  nearest  body  of  water  is  Mud  Lake, 
which  lies  about  two  miles  east  of  the  village,  and 
is  important  chiefly  for  duck  shooting-.  The  lack  of 
water  power  is  a  great  hindrance  to  the  growth  of 
the  village.  Its  area  at  present  is  about  fifteen 
acres,  and  the  population  approximately  one  hun- 
dred. To-day  the  village  comprises  two  stores,  the 
Methodist  Church,  the  Town  Hall,  the  Orange  Hall, 
one  hotel,  a  cheese  factory  and  two  blacksmith 
shops,  besides  the  residences. 

About  a  mile  south  of  the  village  is  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church,  and  nearly  a  mile  east  is  the 
Public  School,  both  of  which  were  probably  built 
with  the  idea  that  some  day  they  would  be  within 
the  corporation,  but,  alas  !  no  such  expansion  lay 
in  tlie  future  for  Centreville.  Although  Centreville 
reminds  one  of  a  little  village  that  has  "climbed 
half  way  up  the  hill,  and  then  sat  down  to  rest", 
it  has  a  past  worthy  of  note,  for  forty  years  ago 
it  held  quite  an  important  place  in  the  Township. 
The  population  was  more  than  double  what  it  is 
now,  and  quite  a  business  stir  was  evident.  The 
surrounding  country  consisted  of  homesteads,  own- 
ed by  well-to-do  farmers  with  large  families,  who 
were  not  afraid  to  work,  and  since  have  gone  out 
and  made  their  mark  far  away,  in  many  cases, 
from  their  old  home.  Some  old  homesteads  which 
we  can  recall  at  present  are  the  Shorey,  the  Miller, 
the  Vrooman,  the  Lochhead,  the  Switzer,  the 
Whelan,  the  Hawley,  the  Wagar,  the  Milligan  and 
the  Weese. 

The  village  was  formerly  known  as  Whelan's 
Corners,  and  this  name  reveals  its  real  origin,  for 
the  first  building  was  a  large  frame  hotel,  erected 
on  the  southwest  corner  by  John  Whelan,  seventy 


72  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

years  ago.  About  this  time  a  Wesley  an  Methodist 
Church  was  built,  and  two  years  later  a  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  both  frame  buildings,  besides  a 
Roman  Catholic  Church, — not  the  large  stone  edifice 
of  to-day, — but  a  small  frame  building.  The  next 
addition  was  a  blacksmith  shop,  and  soon  after- 
wards a  wagon  shop. 

In  1842  Mr.  James  N.  Lapum  opened  the  first 
store,  carrying  his  goods  over  the  corduroy  roads 
all  the  way  from  Kingston. 

Up  to  this  time  there  was  no  postoffice  in  the 
place,  and  the  nearest  office  was  at  Camden  East, 
then  known  as  Clark's  Mills.  This  same  year  a 
postoffice  was  opened.  Mr.  Lapum  was  made  post- 
master, and  the  name  of  the  village  was  changed 
to  Centreville. 

The  next  year  the  old  log  school  house  was 
torn  down  and  a  large  stone  one  was  built  in  its 
place.  Then  a  shoemaker  shop  was  opened,  the 
Town  Hall  was  erected  by  the  Township,  and  a  few 
years  after  another  shoemaker  came  to  the  village, 
besides  several  additional  families.  Later  on,  Mr. 
Lapum,  who  had  in  the  meantime  made  consider- 
able money  in  his  store  and  potash  works,  was  in  a 
position  to  buy  a  better  site  for  a  new  store  and 
residence,  and  so  opened  up  on  a  larger  scale.  He 
also  built  a  large  stone  tenement  house  near  his 
store. 

About  this  time  another  hotel  was  erected,  and 
the  next  year  Mr.  C.  S.  McKim  opened  up  another 
store.  This  was  afterwards  converted  into  a  third 
hotel.  In  1851  Dr.  Ash  came  to  the  village,  two 
more  blacksmith  shops  were  started,  a  cooper  shop, 
a  harness  shop,  a  grocery  and  two  tailoring  estab- 
lishments. Mr.  J.  S.  Lochhead  at  this  time  kept 
store  in  the  village. 

In  1867,  when  Canada  came  under  confedera- 
tion, Mr.  Lapum  was  the  first  member  of  the  House 
of  Commons,  representing  Addington,  which  was 
and  is  still,  a  Conservative  constituency. 

In  1870,  a  cheese  factory  was  started  by  Mr. 
Lapum  and  Mr.  John  S.  Miller,  ex-M.P.P.  "  This 
was  afterwards  bought  by  Squire  Whelan,  on 
whose  property  the  building  was  erected,  and  who 
managed  it  most  successfully  until  his  death  six 
years  ago.  The  latter,  we  might  mention  also, 
was  for  forty  years  Clerk  of  the  Fifth  Division 
Court,  which  always  meets  at  Centreville.  It  is 


THE    VILLAGE    OF    CENTREVILLE.  73 

also  worthy  of  note  that  Sir  Gilbert  Parker's 
father  often  appeared  here  as  magistrate. 

Shortly  after  confederation,  Dr.  Switzer  came 
to  the  village,  and  eight  years  later  Dr.  M.  I.  Bee- 
man  arrived,  making  in  all  three  doctors  in  the 
village  at  this  time.  Before  long  Dr.  Ash,  who  by 
this  time  had  a  large  practice,  entered  into  partner- 
ship with  Dr.  Beeman,  and  Dr.  Switzer  left  the 
village.  Soon  after  this,  Mr.  John  Hinch  opened 
up  a  general  store,  and  finally  bought  a  corner  lot 
and  built  a  fine  brick  store  and  residence  on  his  new 
premises. 

And  now  there  was  a  turn  in  Centre ville's  pros- 
perity. Several  fires  destroyed  three  of  the  hotels, 
as  well  as  many  of  the  other  buildings.  The  Bay  of 
Quinte  Railway  was  built  about  this  time,  and  not 
being  on  the  line,  Centre  ville's  trade  and  business 
began  to  decline.  Gradually  people  began  to  move 
away.  The  Presbyterian  manse  and  the  Methodist 
parsonage  were  .both  vacated,  and  the  ministers  re- 
moved to  Tamworth  and  Enterprise  respectively, 
as  both  these  villages  were  at  the  railroad.  Sever- 
al years  later,  Dr.  Beeman  bought  out  Dr.  Duff  in 
Newburgh,  and  moved  away.  Several  doctors  suc- 
ceeded him  in  turn,  until  gradually  the  practice 
was  so  divided  that  to-day  Centreville  has  no 
doctor  at  all. 

One  bright  spot  in  the  history  of  the  village 
during  all  these  years  was  the  erection  of  a  fine 
stone  Town  Hall  to  take  the  place  of  the  old  frame 
building. 

The  last  blow  was  the  big  fire  which  destroyed 
Mr.  Hinch's  building,  the  finest  in  the  village,  so 
to-day  to  the  casual  observer,  Centreville  presents 
rather  a  sad  spectacle  of  its  former  self.  But  who 
knows  its  future  ?  The  main  line  of  the  Canadian 
Northern  is  registered  to  pass  through  Centreville, 
and  in  that  case  business  may  boom  again  in  these 
prosperous  years  in  Canada.  To-day  the  Township 
Council  still  meets  in  the  village  and  the  oldest 
resident,  Mr.  J.  S.  Lochhead,  is  Township  Treas- 
urer, which  position  he  has  held  for  the  last  twenty 
years. 

In  closing,  all  we  can  say  is  that  we  hope  there 
are  better  days  in  the  future  for  Centreville,  and 
that  her  sons  and  daughters  may  yet  have  further 
reason  to  feel  proud  of  her. 


LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON 
HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 


INDEX  TO  VOL.  I. 


PAPERS  AND  RECORDS. 


Aberdeen 16 

Abraham,   Plains  of 31 

Abbe  d'Urse ;.  51 

Abrams,   B.   S 69 

Academy,    Napanee 14,    27,    66,  67 

Academy,    First  Upper  Canada 34 

Academy  Athletic  Association  69,  70 

Adolphustown 7,  19,  32,  40,  53,  59,  62,  63 

Agricultural   Society 18 

Allen,  Dr.  David 25 

Alexander,   Willie 26 

Albany 53 

American  Revolution 5,   31,  39 

Amherst   Island 30 

Amherst,   Gen 32 

Ameliasburgh..... 32 

Amusements  of  the  County 61 

Amateur  Band,   Kingston  67 

Anne,   Queen 53 

Andrews,   Rev 53.54,  60 

Anglican  Priests 60 

Appenea  Falls 41 

Appanee  Mills 5,  15,  21 

Ash,  Dr 72,  73 

Assemblies,  Napanee 68,  69 

Atkinson,   B 21 

Bartles,   James  F 10,  68 

Bailey,   John 13 

Bath,  Village 14,  19,  22,  56,  57,  67,  68,  69,  70 

Ball  Mountain 17 

Bartels,   C.  B 21 

Barrie 23 

Barton,  Peter...  26 


2  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Babcock,  Bostwick 44 

Bay  of  Quinte  Ry 48,  73 

Beaver,  The  5 

Belleville 5,    13,    l8>   38,   68>   69,  7° 

Benson,  Samuel  M 9,  63,  64 

Benson,   John 9,   10,  23 

Benson,   A.   A v 69 

Beeman,  T u 

Beeman,  Ira 27 

Beeman,  Dr.  M.  1 73 

Berry,  F 13 

Bell,  Robert 21 

Bee,  The 27,  28 

Benjamin,  E.  W 44,  47,  49 

Benjamin,   A.  W 49 

Benjamin,  F.  E 49 

Benjamin  Mfg.   Co.,   I^td 44,  48 

Benjamin  Bros.  &  West 44 

Beel,  Mr 67 

Bezo,  Mr 70 

Bidwell,  Marshall  S... 19 

Big  Brook  or  Creek 57 

Black,   John 12 

Blanchard,  Mrs 19 

Blanchard,   Mr 26 

Blakely,    James .' 66 

Blewett,    John 67 

Blair,  C 69 

Boyes,    R n 

Bogart,  Rev.  J.  J 12,  70 

Bogart,  Rev.  D.  F 12 

Bogart,   G 68,  69 

Booth,  Rev.  John 16 

Booth,   Messrs 44 

Bowen's  Tavern 18 

Bowen,   James 18 

Bourdonnias,  Madame  de 61 

Bowey,   John 69 

Brantford 23,   39,   54,  55 

Bradshaw,    Joseph 26 

Brant,   Capt.   Joseph 39,  55 

Bristol.  A.  S 68 

British  North  America 18 

Brewster,   Dr 25 

Brockville 12 

Brown,  Rev.  Father 15 

Brown,  Titus  F 67 

Burgoyne,  Gen 55 

Burrows,   J.   J 68 


INDEX  TO    VOLUME   ONE.  3 

Burrows,  Frederick  4,  51 

Burn,  J.  V 47 

Calhoun,  Sir  John 64 

Captain  violin's  Island 17 

Cartwright,  Hon.  Sir  Richard 6,  u,  40,  70 

Cartwright,   Richard  J 6,   II,  14 

Cartwright,   John  S 22 

Cartwright  Estate 12,  14,  15 

Cartwright,  Judge 15 

Card,    Joseph 26 

Carson,  Robert 13 

Carscallen's  Burying  Ground 21 

Carman,  T 69 

Campbell  House 8,   10,  67 

Campbell,    Alex 10,  23 

Campbell,  Archibald 10,  17,  66 

Campbell,   F.  W 68 

Camden  East 72 

Camden 26,  41,  46,  71 

Canada 5,    14,    17,    18,    24, 

26,  30,  31,  38,  45,  50,  51,  52,  53,  55,   72,  73 

Canadian  Anthology 54 

Canada,  Western... 56 

Canadian  Northern  Ry 73 

Casey,  Samuel 19 

Casey,    Thomas 57 

Cataraqui  River 5,  30 

Cataraqui 51 

Cataraqui  I,ake 37 

Cataraqui  Fort 30,  61 

Carscallen,  George 16 

Caton,  William 16 

Caton,  Archibald 66 

Caniff,  Dr 62 

Cayuga  Indians 33,  35 

Centreville 68,  69,  71,  72,  73 

Chamberlain,  W.  R n 

Chamberlain,  Dr.  Thomas 16 

Chamberlain,   Dr.    Jacob 22,  25 

Champlain 50,  51,  61 

Chronicle   (Kingston) 18 

Cholera 27 

China 29,  30 

Chicago 16 

Clark,  Robert 5,  40 

Clark,   John  C 8 

Clark,   John  S 13 

Clark,  Eli 24 


4  LENNOX    AND   ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Clark,  E.  C 66 

Clark's  Mills 72 

Clarksville 8,   9,    17,    19,   21,    24,   25,  26 

Clearing  House,  Toronto 45 

Clements,  S.  T 68 

Collins— (Millwright) 6 

Cook,  H.  Iv II 

Coburg 16 

Colborne,   Sir  John 18 

Colebrook ., 42,  46 

Connoly,  Joseph 43,  44,  47 

Connoly,  A.  A 43,  48 

Connoly  &  Benjamin 44 

Connoly,   J.  C 48,  49 

Conger   &   Sons 27 

Cornwall 40 

Communion  Service  of  Queen  Anne 53 

County   Fairs 66 

Corbett,  Thos.  A 67 

Crawford,  Mr 6 

Cramer,    C.    J 20 

Crystal  Palace ,  17,  70 

Crysdale,  John 67 

Culhane,  J 9 

Culbertson's  Wharf 39 

Daly,    James  4 

Davy,  B.  C n,  68 

Davy,   Geo.  H 10,  68 

Davy,  Mrs.  and  the  Misses 67 

Davis,    J.   P 69 

Davis,  T.  G 68 

Davidson,  Rev 12 

Daguerean  Saloon 66 

Dav-say-ronth-you,  Capt.  John  39,  55 

Detlor,  S.  Mcly n 

Detlor,   John  V 9,  23 

Detlor,  Wm.  V n 

Detlor,  John  McGill 20 

Detlor,  Geo.  H 24,  65,  66 

Deseronto 39,  47,  55 

Deacons,  Rev.   Job 17 

Dier,  Thomas 20 

Division  Court 24 

Dier,  Dr 25 

Diocesan  Registry  Office 58 

Dowling,   R ". ii 

Downey,  R 20,  68,  69 

Downey,  G.  H 69 


INDEX   TO    VOLUME    ONE.  ;. 

Doty,  Rev.   John 53 

Borland,    Captain 59 

Douglas,   Henry 23 

Dunham,   Darius 7 

Dunham,  E.  A 23 

Dunham,   E.   F 66 

Duan,   Mr 67 

Duff,   Dr 73 

Duilerin  Base  Ball  Club 70 

Dundas  Street 66 

Eastern,   Robert 23,  67 

Ecclesiastical  History  49,  60 

Edinburgh 16 

Emerald 32 

Embury,    Squire 26 

Embury  Family 60 

Empey,  Fletcher 66 

Emigrants'  Guide  to  Upper  Canada 63 

England 43,   53,   54,  59 

English   Church 21,  46 

Enterprise 47,  73 

Ernesttown : 32,  57 

Esson,   Robert 10,  23 

Europe 63 

Ewart,    John  43,  48 

Ewart,   Peter  44,  47 

Fairfield,  W.  J 19 

Fairfield,   Benj.,  sr 56 

Farnsworth,  Rev.  Enos 46 

Fell,  William 26 

Fenelon,   Father  33,   34,   36,  37 

Fenelon   Falls 37 

Fenelon  Township 37 

Federal  Bank  of  Canada 45 

Fennell,   John n 

Fisher,    Judge .; 7 

Fie,  Johnnie 27 

Five  Nations 51 

Flach,    Ulysses    J 4 

Flynn,  Thos , n 

Forward,   Mrs.   H.   T 4 

Forward,  Henry  T IT,  23,  67,  68 

Foot,  B 21,  24 

Fort  Henry 51 

Fort  Hunter 53 

Fond  du  Lac,  Bishop 55 

Fralick's  Blacksmith  Shop , 8 


6  LENNOX   AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Fralick's   Tavern 18,  19 

Fralick,   W.   G 69 

Fraser,    James  10 

Fraser,  Abraham 10,  24 

Fraser's   Military   Company 17 

Fraser,  Davis  67 

France  61,  65 

Fredericksburgh 32,  64 

Frenchman's  Bay 34 

Freeman,   James 44 

Freeman  &  West 44 

Frontenac  County 11,18,  67 

Frontenac,   Count 30,  51,  61 

Frontenac   Lake 37 

Funnell,  Thomas 27 

Gay,  Mr 26 

Ganneious 34,  35 

Ganneraske 34,  36 

Gaskin,   Mr 67 

Gabell,  Richard 26 

Georgan,  Theodore 23 

George,   Mrs 26 

Georgian  Bay... , 50 

German,   C.  "S 66 

Geddes,   H.   I/ 69,  70 

George  IV 18 

Gibbard,    John 4,  n 

Givens,    Saltern  7,  12 

Goderich 9,  24 

Gordanier's  Tavern 19 

Gorden,   Willie 26 

Gore,  Gov. 38 

Gore,   Arabella  38 

Gould,  Andrew 67 

Grange,  Mrs.  Alex.  W 4 

Grange,   John 6,  15 

Grange,   William 6 

Grange,  John  T u,  67 

Grange,   Thos 16 

Grange,  Dr.  James 23 

Grange  (Principal  of  Academy) 27 

Grange's  Drug  Store 9 

Grand  Trunk  Railway  5,  23,  27,  68 

Grand  River 39,  55 

Grape  Island 17 

Guy,  Mr 17 

Greenleaf,  G.  D 66 

Grippers,   G 63 


INDEX   TO    VOLUME    ONE.  7 

Haight,   Canill ,  63 

Hall,   W.  F ii,  47 

Ham,  B ...  17,  19 

Hamilton,  Mr 17 

Hart,   James 26 

Harrowsmith 48 

Harding,   Rev 57 

Harris,   N 63 

Hastings  County 17,   24,  38 

Hawley,  George  D 4 

Hawley,  Davis 16 

Hawley,  Jehiel 16 

Hawley,    John 21 

Hawley,   Jeptha 56,  57 

Hawley,  Sheldon 57 

Hawley  Home,  Camden 71 

Haw,   William 13 

Hayden,  J.  S 47 

Hay  Bay 17,   50,   51,   52  57 

Herrington,   Walter  S 4 

Herring,  John 6,  u,  20 

Henry,    Alex II  47 

Hess,   David 16  26 

Hesford,   Frederick  19 

Henry's  Bookstore 23 

Heck,  Barbara 60 

Herring,   J.   K 69 

Hillier,   John  19 

Historical  Museum,  Napanee 51 

Hindi,   John 73 

Hooper,   Augustus 9 

Hooper  &  Roe 47 

Hooper,  K 68 

Hooper,  K.   J 68 

Hosey,   Mrs 17 

Hospital 27 

Howison,  John 62 

Homes,  S.  B 67 

Holmstead,  G.  VS 68 

Hosey,   John 6,   16,   17,  21 

Hudson  Bay  Company 6 

Huffman,   J.  C ~ 11 

HiifTman,   Isaiah 16,  19 

Huffman,  John 16 

Hungerford 38 

Husking  Bees 62 

Indian  Wood 18 

Ireland...  T2 


8  LENNOX   AND   ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Iroquois  Indians 51 

Iroquois,  Lake  of  the 37 

James,    Charles n,  24 

Janes,  Samuel < 26 

Jarvis,   Rev.   Canon 4,  49 

Jeffers,  Rev 16 

Jenkins,  Edward 21 

Jesuit  Fathers 50,  52 

Johnston,  H.  H 13 

John  Street 66 

Joy,  Wilder II 

Kaladar 24 

Kemp,  Mr 67 

Kente,   Lac  de 33 

Kente  Village 33 

Kente  Mission 34,  35,  37 

Kente  Bay 35 

Kesler,  Peter ....  26 

Kesler,  Mr.   Jacob 6,   15,  21,  22 

Kellog,    S 63,  64 

Kingston 5,  7,  16,  18,  19,  24,  30,  31, 

40,  44,  45,  48,  51,  52,  56,  59,   65,   67,   69,  72 

Kingston  Road 16 

Kingston  &  Pembroke  Ry 48 

Kimmerly,  John 19 

Knight,  Rev.  Dr 55 

La  Chine 30,  33,  55 

Lane,  C n 

Lamb,   Thos 23 

Lambeth 54 

Lancaster,   Pa 55 

Langhorn,   Rev.   John 56,   57,   58,  59,  60 

Langhorn  Registers  59 

Lamphier,   Wm 67 

Lapum,  James  N 72 

Lander,  Win.  B 12 

La  Salle 29,  30,  61 

La  Salle,  Fort 31 

Lennox  and  Addington...5,  u,  18,  19,  23,  35,  56,  67 

Lennox  and  Addington  Rifle  Association 69 

Leonard,   Father 15 

Leyburn  Hall 45 

Levburn 45 

Little  Creek 18 

Lieutenant-Governor 22 

Lister,  Mr 67 


INDEX   TO   VOLUME    ONE.  9 

Local  Names,  Origin  of  29 

Lochhead,   J.  S 71,   72,  73 

Logging  Parties 62 

Long,  George 16 

Long  Reach 17 

Lott,   Mr 44 

London,  Eng 45 

Losee  Family 60 

Lowe,    Joe 19 

Lowe,   Richard  19,  20 

Lower  Canada 53 

Loyst,  Andrew 18 

Mabee,   Squire 27 

Macdonald,   Alexander  4 

Macdonald,   John  A 7,   16,  67,  70 

Macdowell,   Rev.  Mr 14 

MacKay,   Alex 23 

Mackenzie,  Wm.  Lyon 10 

Madden,  D.  B 13 

Madden,  W 69 

Malloy,   THos 69 

Maley  &  Fraser 24 

Margach,   Alex 20,  65 

Markland,  Mr 18 

Marysburgh 32 

Massassaga  Indians  17 

Masonic  Lodge 12 

Matthews,  Edward 21 

Meacham,   G.   M 13 

Methodist  Missionaries 17 

Methodism 26,  46,  60,  71,  72,  73 

Merchants  Bank 47 

Miller,  Wm u,  23,  68 

Miller,  C.  R , n 

Miller,   Gilbert 12 

Miller,   George  43,  44,  46 

Miller,   Garrett 43 

Miller,   Anthony 43 

Miller,    Peter  70 

Miller,-  John  S.. 72 

Miller  Home,   Camden 71 

Mill  Point 17,  39 

Mill  Street 20 

Mill  Creek 65 

Mills,  F 69 

Mills,  C.  W 69 

Mink,  Tobias 20 

Mink's  Bridge 20 


10  LENNOX    AND    ADBIXGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Mink,  Hiram 20 

Midland  District 26 

Midland  District  Agricultural  vSociety 65 

Mississippi  River 29,  30 

Millliaven 30 

Military  College 30 

Milligan  Home,   Camden 71 

Mohawk  Valley 53,  55 

Mohawk  Bay 57 

Mohawk  Churches 57 

Mohawks 7,    12,    39,    53,    54,  55 

Montreal 5,  7,   18,  33,  43,  45,  61,  68 

Montreal  Bank 16,  45 

Montcalm 31 

Munro,  W 68 

Morris,  F.  A 66 

Morse,  K.  A 66 

Morse,  F.  W 67 

Morcien,   A.   L 69,  70 

Morgan's  Band 7° 

Morden,   A.   I, , n 

Morgan,    Charles  H 16 

Moira,   Earl  of 38 

Moira  River 38 

Moscow 45,  46 

Moore,  H.  E '. 69 

Mowat,  Prof 14 

Muckleston,  Rev.  W.   J 46 

Mucl  I.ake 71 

McAllister,  Joseph 69 

McAuley,   Mr 18 

McBean,    C 21 

McBride,    Daniel 66 

McCullough,  Wm 13 

McCoy,    Samuel 16,  26 

McCoy,  Coleman , 25 

McCoy,  Matthew 26 

McCoy,  George 69 

McCarron,  Neil 27 

McCracker,    Mrs 67 

McDonald,   Capt 6 

McDowall,  Rev 22,  60 

McDonald,   George 44 

McGilvary,   Win IT 

McGreer,"  Charles 16 

McGregor,  Mr 19 

McOuin.   J.  B 68 

McOillivarv.   Win...  68 


INDEX   TO    VOLUME    ONE.  11 

McGinnis,  Robt 69 

McGuinness,   Robert 21 

McHenry,   Donald  C 19 

McKiin,    C.    S .   72 

McLaren,  Rev.  Mr 14 

McLaren,   Henry 17 

McMullen,  William.....' 10 

McMullen,   Hugh 26 

McMillan's  Dancing  Academy 68 

McNeill,  Mrs ." 17 

McNeill,   Archibald   8,   9,    16,    17,    19,  24 

McPherson,  Allan 6,  7,  18,  19,  23,  66 

McPherson,  Donald 7,  10,  16 

McPherson,  James 16 

McQuade,   Dr.  M.   A 48 

McVicker,  Rev.  Dr 14 

McVean,  Alexander 43,  44,  45 

Napanee...  5.  6,  7,  8,   10,   n,   12,   13,   14,   15,   16, 
17,  18,  19,  21,  23,  24,  25,  26,  27,  28,  34,  35, 

40,  41,  47,   51,  56,   57,   64,  65,  66,   67,   68,  69 

Napanee  Fairs 22,  67 

Napanee  River 41,  50 

Napanee,   Tarn  worth   and  Quebec   Ry 47 

Napanee  &  Western  Ry 48 

Napanee   Club   Library 66 

Napanee   Cricket   Club 68,  69 

Napanee  Dramatic  Club 69 

Napanee  Band 7° 

Napanee  Mills 70 

Napier,   Willie 27 

Newburgh 20,  68,  69,  73 

New  Liverpool 21 

New  France  50 

New   England 52 

New   Brunswick 53 

New  York  State 53 

Neilspn,  Mr , 24 

Niagara 55,  56 

Nipissing,  Lake 50 

Nichols,   Levi  W 20 

Norfolk,   County 45 

North  Fredericksburgh 16 

Northumberland  County 13 

Northumberland,   Eng 14 

Oarfield,  Mr ,  15 

O'Connell,  T.  F 69 

Odessa ., 44,   45,   68,  69 


12  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Oliver,    Frederick  A ...  66 

Oldham,   J.  H.   (Dr.) 48 

O'Loughlin,  B.   S 48,  49 

O'Loughlin,  Rev.  Anthony  J 47 

Old  Red  Tavern 25 

Ontario 36 

Ontario,  Lake 31,  n~    53,  61 

Ontario   Legislature 23 

Ontario  Historical  Society v  59 

Oshawa 13 

Ottawa 13,  51 

Ottawa  River 50 

Pacific   Ocean 29 

Pan  American  Conference 53 

Paris,  Treaty  of 52 

Parker,  Sir  Gilbert 52,  73 

Parrish,  William 24 

Perry,  Peter 19 

Perry,   E 19 

Perry's  Plaster  Mill 22 

Perry,   James   II,  20 

Perth 46 

Pekin 45 

Peter's  Mills 41 

Peterson,   Christian 57 

Petrolia 24 

Phelan,   J 70 

Phoney,  Pat 17 

Phillips,   Prof -. 14 

Pickering 34 

Picton 12,  10,  24,  69 

Piety  Hill 7,   17,  23 

Port  Hope 15,  19,  34,  36,  40 

Potash 42 

Port  Burwell 23 

Presbyterian  Church    Canada 14.  60,  73 

Prescott 12,  26 

Pringle,  D 9 

Prince  Edward  County 17,  32,  33 

Pringle,   Alex ...  18 

Prior,  Mr , 24 

Pruyn ,  J  .  V 69 

Quintie,   Bay  of 5,    17,   32,   35,   39,   53,  61 

Quebec,  Citv 67 

Ouebec,  Province  of 57 

Ouackenbush,    Jacob 20 

Omckenbnsh.   Peter.  .  20 


INDEX   TO    VOLUME   ONE.  13 

Radcliffe,  Rev 16 

Radcliffe,  Rev.  C.  E.  S 47 

Raising  Bees 62 

Ramsey,  Mr.  Thomas 9,   17,  19 

Ranory,  W.  S 67 

Rathbun,  K.  W 47,  48,  69 

Rawden 38 

Rennie  Cottage 16 

Rennie  Block - 23 

Red  Tavern 17,  21 

Recolet  Fathers 50,  52,  60 

Richmond  Tp 5,  7,  9,  10,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  65 

Richardson,   Bishop 14 

Richardson,   Jas.  &  Son 44 

Richardson,  Mrs.  J.  S 69 

Richardson,  F.  S 69 

Rice  Lake 17 

Roblin,  David  A 9,  23,  66,  68,  69 

Robl'in,  J.  P 18 

Roblin's  Hill 35 

Roblin,  M.  P 68 

Robinson,  Richard '  19 

Robinson,  Thomas 19 

Robinson,  Mrs.  J.  S 69 

Robertson,  T.  J 69 

Rogers,  M.  T IT,  68 

Rockburg 46 

Roe,  Alex 47 

Roman  Catholic  Church,   St.  Mary's 15,  70 

Roman   Catholic   Church ". 71,  72 

Roman  Catholic  Mission 51 

Rogue's  Hollow 65 

Ross,  Wm ii 

Royal  Society  of  Canada 57 

Ruttan,  Dr 26 

Saber,    J.    W 67 

Saguenay  River 51 

Sand  Hill 21 

Sand  Banks 33,  35 

Sandhurst 25,  57 

Sagonaska 38 

St.  Mary  Magdalene  Church u,   12,   48,  58 

St.  Mary's  R.  C.  Church 70 

St.  Lawrence 30,  31,  43,  53 

St.  Louis,  Lake 37 

St.  Andrew's  Church,   Yarker 46,  47 

St.   John's  Church,  Bath *6,  57 

St.  Paul's  Church,  Fredericksburo-h 57 


14  LENNOX   AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

St.  Paul's  Church,  Toronto 12 

Schermahorn,  Asa...              19 

Schermahorn,   Amos 19,    66,  67 

Schermahorn,  Henry 26 

Schryver,   George 21,  27 

Scott,  Wm 13 

Scott,   Rev.   John 14 

Scott,  Samuel 44 

Scott,  John  R 47 

Schnectady,  N.Y 53 

Seymour,  B 19 

Sexsmith,  George 67 

Second  Township 56 

Shaw,    Samuel  R 26,  66 

Sherwood,  H.  B 48 

Shorey,  David 57 

Shorey  Home,  Camden 71 

Shorey,  Miles 9,  20 

Sheffield 18 

Shortt,  Prof 33,  52 

Shibley,   John  A •. 43,  45 

Shibley,   Jessy 67 

Shannon,  Henry 67 

Silver  Leaf  Base  Ball  Club 69 

Simmons  Mills 65 

Simcoe,  Lake 36 

Simcoe,  Gov 36,  41,  42,  43 

Simcoe  Falls 42,  43,  45,  48 

Simcoe,   Henry  A 42,  43 

Simcoe 45 

Simpson,  G 12 

Shirley,  Rev.  Paul r 46 

Sketches  of  Upper  Canada 62 

Skating  Arena,  Napanee 69 

Smith,  F.  W 68 

Smith   (Blacksmith^ 6 

Snider,   Charles 67 

Slight,  B 13 

South  Fredericksburgh 25 

Sorell,   Que 53 

Sophiasburg 32 

Stevenson,   John 9,  u,  12,  23,   26,  44,  68 

Stevenson,  G.  A 69 

Stone,  S.  G 13 

Stewart  and  Ramsey 23 

Stewart,  Rev.  John". 5"    56,  57 

Stewart,  Rev.  Geo.   O'Kill 56 

Stuart,   C 63 

Stalker,  Alex 27 


INDEX   TO    VOLUME    ONE.  15 

Spencer,  Ezra  A 13 

Spencer,   Hazelton 57 

Sutherland,  Daniel 18 

Sugaring  off  Parties 62 

Sutherland,   Mr 67 

Switzer  Home,   Camden 71 

Switzer,    Dr..... 73 

Sweeney,   J 69 

Sydenham 45,  47 

Tamworth 19,  47,  73 

Teyoyagon 36 

Tichborne  House 9 

Tilley 70 

Tobey,  S 69 

Toronto 5,   12,   18,  36,   45,  68 

Toronto   University 14 

Town  Hall,   Napanee 14,  68 

Trimble,  T 70 

Trinity  College 12 

Trinity  Methodist  Church 35 

Tremaine,  Geo.   C 66 

Troublers  Base  Ball  Club 70 

Tuttle,  Bradford 21 

Tuttle,  Mr 27 

Tweed 24,  47 

Tyendinaga 18,   39,   54,  55 

Tyonderoga 55 

Upper  Canada 30,  41,  56,  57,  67 

United  Empire  Loyalists 5,   52,   53,   54,   55,  62 

United  States  , 5,  18 

Vader,    David 43,  44 

Vance,  Wm 45 

VanLuven,    Peter 44,  47 

VanLuven,    Alphaeus 43,  46 

Vankoughnet,  Mary 21 

Varty  Lake 42 

Victoria,   Queen 8,  10 

Victoria  College , 13 

Victoria  Countv 37 

Vrooman  Home,  Camden 71 

Wagar  Home,   Camden 71 

Walker,   Sir  Edmund 67 

Warner,   Clarance  M 4,  61 

Warner,   Sidney  20,   42,   43,  68 

Walker,   H.   S ,..  47 


16  LENNOX    AND   ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Washington,    George 52 

War  1812-14 59 

Watt,   John 47 

Weese  Home,   Camden 71 

West  Lake  33 

Wellington   Village 33 

Weller's  Bay 33 

West,   James  H 44 

Wensley  Parish 45 

Weston,  Mr 67 

Webster,    J 69 

Wesleyan  Church 12,  72 

Whitcomb,  M.  C ..  68 

White  Church 13 

Whalen's  Corners 71 

Whalen,    John 71,  72 

Whalen  Home,  Camden 71 

Wilson,  Uriah {  4 

Wilson,  George 23 

Wilson,   Robert 27 

Wilson,   Mr 27 

Wilson,   James  66 

Wilkison,   W.   H 68,  70 

Williams,   W.   S n,  47 

Williams,    Mr 67 

Wilton 42,  46,  68,  69 

Woodcock,  Rev.  F.  D 47 

Woodcock,   Nicholas 57 

Woodmucket 44 

Wolfe,   Gen 31,  32 

Wolfe  Island 31 

Wright,   Paul ; 20,  23 

Wright,  Wm 24 

Wright's  Saw  Mill 26 

Wright,  R.  G 69 

Yarker <i,   43,  44,   45,   46,  47 

Yarker,   George  W 45,  46 

Yarker,   Robert 45 

Yarker,  James  S 46 

Yates,  Abel 69 

York 18,  41 

York  Road 65,  66 

Yorkshire 45 

Young,   Peter  Lampman 57 


LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON 
HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 


PAPERS  AND  RECORDS. 


VOL.  II. 


PRICE,  25  CENTS. 


NAPANEE: 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  SOCIETY. 
1910. 

PRINTED  AT  THE  BEAVER  OFFICE. 


"THE  ADDINGTON  ARMS." 


'THE  LENNOX  ARMS." 


CONTENTS. 

Page 
The  Town  of  Napanee  in  1874 Frontispiece 

The  Lennox  and  Addington  Arms 2 

Chronology   4 

Programmes   of  Public  Meetings 5 

Early  Education,  by  Frederick  Burrows 7 

A  Story  of  the  Rear  of  Addington  County,   by 

Paul  Stein 14 

John     Thomson,     Inventor    of    a    Process    for 

Making  Wood  Pulp,  by  C.  M.  Warner....     21 

Newburgh,     by  Geo.   Anson  Aylesworth 26 

The  First  Telegraph  Office  in  Napanee,  by  Mrs. 

John   Perry   Hawley 37 

Copies  of  Original  Documents  from  the  Collec- 
tion of  the  Society 4° 

1.  In  Memoriam— B.  C.  Davy,  Esq.   (1874). 

2.  Assignment  of  a  Slave  (1824). 

3.  School  Teacher's  Contract  (1818). 

4.  Proceedings       of       the      Napanee     Club 

Library  (1853). 

5.  Programme  of  Procession    when  Corner 

Stone  of  the  Market  Hall  was  laid 
(1856). 

6.  Montreal's   Invitation  to   Celebrate    the 

Completion  of  Grand  Trunk  Railway 
between      Montreal      and      Toronto 

(1856). 

7.  Railway     Pass     to     Attend    the     Above 
Celebration   (1856). 

Index   51 


CHRONOLOGY. 

Society   Organized May   9th,  1907 

Constitution  Adopted June   nth,  1907 

First  Open  Meeting  held Oct.    25th,  1907 

Affiliated  with  the  Ontario  Historical 

Society  March  3ist,   1908 

Published  Volume   I.   of  Records   and 

Papers  June  I2th,   1909 

OFFICERS  SINCE  ORGANIZATION. 
Honorary  Presidents — 

Rev.    Canon   Jarvis 1907-8 

*John  Gibbard,   Esq 1907 

James    Daly,    Esq 1908-9-10 

Walter  Stevens  Herrington,    Esq...  1909-10 

Presidents — 

Clarance  M.   Warner 1907-8-9-10 

Vice-Presidents — 

Mrs.  Alexander  W.  Grange 1907-8-9-10 

Secretary-Treasurer — 

Ulysses  J.  Flach,  Esq 1907-8-9-10 

Executive  Committee — 

Mrs.  H.  T.   Forward 1907-8-9-10 

Mr.  Frederick  Burrows 1907-8-9-10 

Mr.  Uriah  Wilson,  M.P 1907-8-9-10 

Mr.  George  D.  Hawley 1907-8-9-10 

Rev.  Alexander  Macdonald 1907-8-9-10 

^Deceased. 


PROGRAMMES  OF  PUBLIC  MEETINGS. 

The  Society  has  held  twenty-two  public  meet- 
ings since  its  organization.  A  list  of  the  pro- 
grammes presented  is  given  below.  All  of  the 
meetings  have  been  free  to  the  general  public  :— 

Oct.  25th,  1907  :— "A  Trip  to  the  Coast,"  by 
Mrs.  A.  Macdonald.  "Canadian  Historical  Socie- 
ties," by  Mr.  Barlow  Cumberland. 

Dec.  27th,  1907  : — "The  First  Visits  of  Europ- 
eans to  the  Vicinity  of  Kingston  and  the  Bay  of 
Quinte,"  by  Prof.  Adam  Shortt. 

Jan.  3ist,  1908  : — "Yarker  and  Vicinity,"  by 
Mr.  E.  R.  Checkley.  "The  Early  History  of  Prince 
Edward  Island,"  by  Miss  Chauncey  Tocque.  "The 
Origin  of  Some  Local  Names,"  by  Mr.  W.  S.  Her- 
rington. 

Feb'y  28th,  1908  :— "Some  Notes  of  Early 
Ecclesiastical  History,"  by  Rev.  Canon  Jarvis. 
"Memories  of  Spain,"  by  Mrs.  J.  Conger  Allen. 
"Crysler's  Farm,"  by  Miss  Jessie  Crysler. 

March  2oth,  1908  : — "Some  Early  Amusements 
of  the  County,"  by  Mr.  C.  M.  Warner.  "The  Mak- 
ing of  the  Province,"  by  Mr.  C.  C.  James. 

May  15th,  1908  :— "Champlain,"  by  Mr.  W.  S. 
Herrington.  "Early  History  of  Canada  as  Exem- 
plified by  Visitors  at  Niagara,"  by  Miss  Janet 
Carnochan. 

Oct.  3oth,  1908  :— "The  Making  of  the  Empire," 
by  Prof.  C.  F.  Lavell. 

Nov.  27th,  1908  :— "Sir  Walter  Raleigh,"  by 
Prof.  J.  L.  Morrison. 

Dec.  29th,  1908  : — "Ottawa,  its  Parliament  and 
Some  of  the  Customs  and  Habits,"  by  Mr.  E.  W. 

Grange.     "The  Heroines  of  Canadian  History,"  by 
Mr.  W.  vS.  Herrington. 

Jan.  29th,  1909  : — "Some  Causes  of  the  Present 
Discontent  in  India,"  by  Prof.  Alexander  Laird. 


Feb.  1 2th,  1909  :— "London  in  the  Eighteenth 
Century,"  by  Prof.  J.  L.  Morrison. 

March  I9th,  1909  :— "England  in  the  Days  of 
King  Alfred,"  by  Prof.  L.  E.  Horning. 

April  isth,  1909  :— "The  Ice  Age,"  by  Prof.  A. 
P.  Coleman. 

May  6th,  1909  :— "The  Catacombs,"  by  Prof. 
E.  F.  Scott. 

Oct.  29th,  1909  :— Address,  by  Mr.  Barlow  Cum- 
berland. "The  Liberation  of  Italy,"  by  Prof.  C.  F. 
Lavell. 

Nov.  I9th,  1909  :— "Early  Education,"  by  Mr. 
Frederick  Burrows.  "British  North  America,"  by 
Col.  William  N.  Ponton. 

Dec.  1 6th,  1909  : — "John  Thomson,  Inventor  of 
a  Process  for  Making  Wood  Pulp,"  by  Mr.  C.  M. 
Warner.  "The  Martyrs  of  New  France,"  by  Mr. 
W.  S.  Herrington. 

Jan.  2ist,  1910  : — "Early  Methodism  in  These 
Parts,"  by  Rev.  G.  W.  McCall.  "The  Elements  of 
Our  National  Life,"  by  Prof.  A.  E.  Lang. 

Feb'y  nth,  1910  :— "A  Story  of  the  Rear  of 
Addington  County,"  by  Mr.  Paul  Stein.  "The  Ger- 
man Empire  and  Its  People,"  by  Prof.  G.  H. 
Needier. 

March  iyth,  1910  :— "Ireland  and  the  Irish  Ques- 
tion," by  Prof.  J.  L.  Morrison. 

April  I5th,  1910  :— "St.  Francis  of  Assisi,"  by 
Prof.  E.  J.  Kylie. 

May  I3th,  1910  :— "A  French  Canadian  Vil- 
lage," by  Prof.  George  M.  Wrong. 


EARLY  EDUCATION. 

BY    FREDERICK    BURROWS. 

As  nothing  was  done  in  the  way  of  legislation, 
or  public  money  grants,  to  encourage  elementary 
education  in  this  Province  until  1816,  or  over  thirty 
years  from  the  first  British  Settlements,  it  may  be 
seen  that  no  official  documentary  history  relating 
to  elementary  schools  can  exist  for  this  long  period. 

It  is,  however,  known  that  prior  to  1816,  many 
elementary  schools  were  established  on  a  purely 
voluntary  system  by  the  intelligent  and  public- 
spirited  settlers  in  this  County  and  elsewhere  in 
this  Province.  A  desire  to  see  their  children 
educated  at  least  in  the  three  R's  shewed  itself  very 
early  ;  and  in  settlements  sufficiently  large  to 
support  schools  on  the  voluntary  principle,  log 
school  houses  with  rude  furnishings  were  erected 
and  teachers  employed  for  a  small  fee  from  each 
pupil,  a,nd  boarded  around.  Books  were  scarce,  and 
were  often  shoved  along  the  class  for  each  pupil  to 
get  his  lesson. 

In  the  sparsely  settled  districts  an  occasional 
peripatetic  teacher  went  from  house  to  house,  where 
the  children  congregated,  to  give  lessons.  But  in 
those  early  days,  and  for  years  after,  there  were 
many  children  of  whom  it  might  be  said  : — 

"But  knowledge  to  their  eyes  her  ample  page 
Rich  with  the  spoils  cf  time  did  ne'er  unroll, 
Chill  penury  repressed  their  noble  rage, 
And  froze  the  g'enial  current  of  the  soul." 

The  names  of  three  teachers  have  come  down  to 
us  from  the  time  of  the  early  settlement  in  this 
County.  In  1786  Mr.  J.  Clarke  taught  a  school  in 
Fredericksburgh.  A  tablet  in  the  Education  De- 
partment informs  the  reader  that  the  first  school 
opened  in  this  Province  was  in  Fredericksburgh,  and 
persuniably  by  this  Mr.  Clarke. 

I  find  in  the  History  of  Dundas  County  that  a 
person  of  the  same  name,  and  likely  the  same  per- 
son, after  teaching  two  years  in  the  Bay  of  Quinte 
District,  went  to  Matilda  on  the  invitation  of  one 
Captain  Fraser,  and  opened  the  first  school  in 
Dundas  County  in  1788.  After  teaching  several 
places  in  Matilda,  and  winning  universal  respect, 


8  LENNOX  AND   ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

he  settled  on  a  farm  bought  for  him  by  Captain 
Fraser  for  $100.00.  He  was  a  native  of  Scotland, 
and  doubtless  a  fine  sample  of  the  products  of  the 
Parish  Schools  founded  by  Knox.  His  son,  Major 
Clarke,  was  long  ;a  distinguished  citizen  of  Dundas. 

Just  where  this  first  school  in  the  Province  was 
located  appears  to  be  in  doubt,  but  is  is  supposed 
in  Clarksville,  where  Napanee  began  after  the  erec- 
tion of  the  first  grist  mill.  Subsequently,  about 
1814,  a  school  was  started  in  what  was  then  known 
as  Section  No.  2,  Richmond,  the  school  house 
standing  near  the  old  elm  tree  at  the  railway 
bridge.  This  was  the  first  school  on  the  west  side 
of  the  river  in  Napanee.  A  good  many  of  the  old 
people  remember  this  school,  in  which  John  Newton 
and  Dr.  Grange  were  teachers  over  sixty  years  ago. 

A  Mr.  Smith  opened  a  school  in  Hrnesttown  in 
the  same  year,  1786,  so  there  may  be  some  doubt 
as  to  priority  of  claim  for  the  first  school.  This 
first  school  in  Krnesttown,  I  was  informed  by  the 
late  P.  M.  Clarke,  was  situated  near  where  the 
present  school  house  of  No.  4,  Krnesttown,  stands, 
west  of  Collin's  Bay. 

In  1789,  a  Mr.  Lyons  kept  school  in  Adolphus- 
town,  very  probably  at  the  village. 

It  would  seem  with  regard  to  those  two  educa- 
tional pioneers,  (Messrs.  Smith  and  Lyons),  that 
nothing  beyond  their  names  have  been  transmitted 
to  posterity.  Let  us  believe  that  their  names  have 
been  embalmed  in  memory  on  account  of  special 
merit  as  early  educators. 

In  1816  the  first  legislative  effort  was  made, 
after  much  petitioning,  to  establish  elementary  or 
common  schools  in  this  Province.  This  Act,  known 
as  an  Act  granting  to  His  Majesty  a  sum  of  money 
to  be  applied  to  the  use  of  Common  Schools,  and 
to  provide  for  the  organization  of  said  Common 
Schools.  The  sum  of  $24,000  was  to  be  divided,  as 
the  Lieutenant-Governor  might  direct,  among  said 
schools  as  were  established  by  law,  and  in  no  case 
was  any  school  to  receive  more  than  $100.00,  and 
no  school  could  participate  in  the  grants  if  the 
attendance  was  less  than  20.  No  authority  to  levy 
rates  was  conferred  by  this  Act.  Indeed,  it  was  not 
until  1841  that  such  authority  was  given  to  Trus- 
tees. Anything  beyond  the  grant  had  to  be  raised 
by  voluntary  subscription.  The  inhabitants  of  each 
school  district  were  authorized  to  elect  three  fit  and 
discreet  persons  as  Trustees,  and  the  Trustees  were 


EARLY   EDUCATION.  9 

to  be  the  sole  judges  of  the  moral  and  mental  fit- 
ness of  the  teacher.  They  were  authorized  to, make 
such  regulations  for  the  management  and  discipline 
of  their  school  as  they  might  deem  necessary.  The 
teacher  must  be  a  British  subject — great  dread  being 
entertained  of  Americans  introducing  republican 
principles. 

For  three  subsequent  years  this  grant  of  $24,000 
was  repeated,  to  the  great  encouragement  of  early 
educational  efforts  ;  but  in  1820  it  was  reduced  to 
$10,000,  in  consequence  of  which  many  schools  were 
closed.  The  majority  of  the  people's  representa- 
tives in  the  Legislative  Assembly  loudly  protested 
against  this  reduction  by  the  irresponsible  govern- 
ment of  the  day,  declaring  in  their  report  that  it 
would  inflict  grievous  hardship  on  many  worthy 
and  unworthy  teachers. 

Then  began  a  fierce  political  struggle  between 
the  representatives  of  the  people  in  the  Legislative 
Assembly  and  the  irresponsible  oligarchy,  better 
known  as  the  Family  Compact,  who  composed  the 
Executive  and  Legislative  Councils.  Bill  after  bill 
was  prepared  by  the  Legislative  Assembly  for  the 
betterment  of  Common  Schools,  only  to  be  rejected 
by  the  Legislative  Council. 

This  struggle  continued  until  the  union  of  the 
Provinces,  when  responsible  government  was  grant- 
ed, and  popular  education  received  an  impulse 
which  has  resulted  in  the  magnificent  system  which 
has  placed  our  Province  in  the  first  rank  for  educa- 
tional development  and  facilities  for  instruction  in 
every  department  of  human  knowledge. 

As  indicating  the  state  of  elementary  education 
during  this  period  (1820-1841)  I  quote  from  the 
preamble  of  a  motion  introduced  in  the  House  of 
Assembly  in  1831  by  Dr.  Buncombe,  a  staunch  and 
zealous  advocate  of  popular  education  :  "That 
there  is  in  this  Province  a  very  general  want  of 
education,  that  the  insufficiency  of  the  Common 
School  Fund  to  support  respectable  and  well 
educated  teachers  has  degraded  Common  School 
teaching  from  a  regular  business  to  the  mere  matter 
of  convenience  to  transient  persons,  or  common 
idlers,  who  often  stay  but  for  one  season  and  leave 
the  schools  vacant  until  they  accommodate  some 
other  like  person,  whereby  the  minds  of  the  youth 
of  this  Province  are  left  without  due  cultivation,  or 
what  is  worse,  frequently  with  vulgar,  low-bred, 
vicious  and  intemperate  examples  before  them  in 


10  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

the  persons  of  their  teachers."  In  a  subsequent 
report  it  is  stated  :  "That  the  Common  Schools  of 
this  Province  are  generally  in  so  deplorable  a  state 
that  they  scarcely  deserve  the  name  of  schools." 

So  far  as  elementary  education  was  concerned, 
these  conditions  continued  until  1841,  when,  with 
the  union  of  the  Provinces  and  the  advent  of  respon- 
sible government,  a  more  comprehensive  education 
Act  was  passed,  giving  authority  to  Common 
School  Trustees  to  levy  taxes  for  the  erection  of 
school  buildings,  the  payment  of  teachers,  etc.  The 
legislative  grant  was  increased  to  $200,000,  half  to 
each  Province,  a  very  large  sum,  having  regard  to 
the  limited  resources  of  the  Provinces  at  that  time. 

This  Act  was  followed  by  the  improved  Act  of 
1843,  and  the  appointment  of  the  famous  Dr. 
Ryerson  as  Chief  Superintendent,  when  elementary 
schools  gradually  took  the  form  and  character  that 
we  older  members  of  the  community  recollect  as 
the  schools  of  our  youth. 

But  we  may  well  believe  that  it  took  many 
years  to  overcome  the  apathy  and  depressed  public 
spirit  regarding  education  engendered  by  want  of 
proper  support  and  encouragement  during  the  long 
period  of  mal  government,  and  consequent  turmoil. 

I  have  talked  with  some  of  our  octogenarians  in 
regard  to  their  early  school  days  dating  back  to 
the  period  before  1841,  and  their  testimony  amply 
verifies  all  that  was  said  by  Dr.  Duncombe,  and 
others,  in  the  House  of  Assembly  as  to  educational 
conditions  of  that  period.  The  school  houses  were 
generally  wretched,  ill  ventilated  hovels,  with  rude 
and  uncomfortable  furnishings — boards  fastened  to 
the  walls  like  shelves  for  desks — hifh  seats  without 
backs  from  which  the  feet  of  the  younger  children 
dangled  like  Mahomet's  cofEn  between  heaven  and 
earth. 

Proper  appliances  for  efficient  instruction  were 
but  rarely  found.  The  teachers,  generally,  were 
mere  hearers  of  tasks  and  often  brutal  in  their 
discipline,  never  appealing  to  any  motive  for 
obedience  but  the  fear  of  punishment. 

"A  man  severe  he  was  and  stern  to  view, 
I  knew  him  well,  and  every  truant  knew, 
Well  had  the  boding  tremblers  learned  to  trace 
The  day's  disasters  in  his  morning1  face  ; 
Full  well  the  busy  whisper  circling-  round 
Conveyed  the  dismal  tidings  when  he  frowned." 

I  may  say,  however,  that  this  old  style  teacher 


EARLY   EDUCATION.  11 

continued  for  many  years  after  this  period  ;    in  fact 
I  found  him  in  this  County  in  1871. 

That  some  of  those  early  "dominies"  were  well 
educated,  and  gave  excellent  service  in  the  cause  of 
early  education  there  can  be  no  doubt  ;  but  the 
most  of  them  were  in  marked  contrast  to  the  well 
dressed,  well  educated,  refined  and  courteous  teach- 
ers of  the  present  day.  I  may  add  that  in  those 
early  days  female  teachers  with  their  refining 
influence  were  rarely  found. 

You  will  doubtless  wonder  why  there  should 
have  been  such  persistent  opposition  to  elementary 
education  on  the  part  of  the  administrative  and 
responsible  section  of  our  early  parliaments.  The 
fact  must  be  confessed  that  the  early  Governors, 
and  the  majority  of  the  gentlemen — appointees  of 
the  Governors — who  composed  the  Executive  and 
Legislative  Councils,  although  well  educated  them- 
selves, were  averse  to  the  education  of  the  masses. 
They  honestly  believed  that  popular  education 
would  lead  to  sedition  and  discontent. 

The  policy  of  the  early  Governors  beginning 
with  Simcoe,  the  first  one  after  the  passing  of  the 
Constitutional  Act  of  1791,  was  to  have  a  State 
Church,  a  University  connected  therewith,  and  a  few 
Classical  Schools  as  feeders  of  the  University — all 
to  be  endowed  from  Crown  Lands.  This,  they  felt, 
would  amply  meet  the  intellectual,  moral  and 
spiritual  needs  of  the  people. 

Accordingly,  we  find  the  I/egislature  in  1797 
memorializing  the  King  to  appropriate  a  certain 
portion  of  the  lands  of  the  Crown  for  higher  educa- 
tion. To  this  request  the  King  gave  his  gracious 
consent. 

Dr.  Hodgins,  in  his  Documentary  History,  aptly 
calls  this  policy  of  establishing  higher  institutions 
of  learning  before  providing  for  elementary  schools, 
an  educational  anomaly — an  anachronism  beginning 
at  the  apex  and  working  down  to  the  base. 

In  1807,  or  nine  years  before  any  attempt  was 
made  to  foster  elementary  schools,  an  Act  was 
passed  to  establish  a  Grammar  School  in  each  of 
the  eight  districts  into  which  the  Province  was  then 
divided.  By  this  Act  five  Trustees  were  to  be 
appointed  by  the  Governor  for  each  district,  and 
the  Trustees  were  to  nominate  a  fit  and  discreet 
person  as  teacher  for  appointment  by  the  Governor. 
Thus  began  the  system  of  secondary  education, 
which  has  culminated  in  the  many  admirable  and 


12  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

efficient  High  Schools  and  Collegiate  Institutes  that 
we  have  now  in  this  Province. 

In  1828  Upper  Canada  College  was  founded  to 
accommodate  the  sons  of  the  Family  Compact  and 
their  friends  living  in  and  around  Toronto.  It  was 
modeled  after  the  great  Public  Schools  of  England, 
and  endowed  with  a  grant  of  66,000  acres  of  public 
lands. 

The  most  interesting  classical  school  in  this 
County,  historically  considered,  was  the  Bath 
Academy,  first  known  as  the  Ernesttown  Academy. 
As  Kingston  became  the  centre  for  the  Grammar 
School  of  the  Midland  District  in  1807,  the  enter- 
prising and  public  spirited  citizens  of  Bath  and  its 
neighborhood  decided  to  have  a  classical  school  of 
their  own.  A  site  of  over  half  an  acre  was  bought 
from  Peter  Davy,  and  a  suitable  building  erected  in 
1811  by  public  subscription.  The  Trustees,  to 
whom  the  land  was  conveyed,  were  Rev.  Robert 
McDowell,  William  Fairfield,  Benjamin  Fairfield, 
Stephen  Fairfield,  Solomon  Johns,  William  Wil- 
cocks,  Samuel  Neilson,  George  Baker  and  William 
McKee.  I  like  to  give  these  names,  as  they  are  the 
only  ones  that  have  come  down  to  us  in  connection 
with  the  founding  of  this  early  and  interesting  seat 
of  learning. 

The  first  teacher  was  Mr.  Barnabas  Bidwell,  a 
fine  scholarly  gentleman  from  the  States,  and 
father  of  the  eloquent  and  progressive  Marshal  S. 
Bidwell,  who  figured  so  conspicuously  in  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly  for  many  years.  He  received  his 
education  under  his  father  in  Bath  Academy. 

Among  the  many  worthy  successors  of  Barnabas 
Bidwell  the  most  noted  was  Rev.  John  Stoughton, 
during  whose  time  the  Academy  was  endowed  with 
300  acres  of  land  in  the  First  Concession  of  Ernest- 
town,  in  recognition  of  the  higli  educational  work 
it  was  doing. 

In  1834  the  Bath  School  Societv  was  incorpor- 
ated "by  Act  of  Parliament,  and  put  in  charge  of 
the  Academy.  This  Act  is  quoted  in  full  by  Dr. 
Hodgins  in  his  second  volume  of  Documentary 
History.  One  of  the  sections  of  this  Act  inserted 
by  the  Legislative  Council  when  the  Bill  was  sent 
up  for  approval,  is  curious  as  showing*  how  anxious 
they  were  to  keep  out  any  un-British  element  in 
educational  work. 

It  reads  as  follows  :  "No  person  shall  be 
eligible  to  the  office  of  President,  Secretary  or  Trus- 


EARLY   EDUCATION,  13 

tee  in  said  Society,  or  be  capable  of  being  chosen  to 
be  a  teacher  in  any  school  or  Academy  under  their 
superintendence  who  is  not  a  natural  born  subject 
of  His  Majesty,  or  a  subject  naturalized  by  Act  of 
the  British  Parliament  or  by  an  Act  of  the  Legisla- 
ture of  this  Province." 

Bath  Academy  was  for  many  years  a  keen  rival 
of  the  District  Grammar  School  at  Kingston,  and 
turned  out  many  excellent  scholars  who  became 
leading  men  in  various  parts  of  the  Province. 

Among  its  Alumni,  in  addition  to  Hon.  M.  S. 
Bidwell,  Speaker  of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  and 
his  able  colleague,  Peter  Perry,  may  be  mentioned 
Christopher  Hagerman,  Attorney-General. 

It  is  said  that  Sir  J.  A.  Macdonald  also  attend- 
ed this  Academy,  but  of  this  there  is  some  doubt. 

Although  not  in  the  scope  of  this  paper,  which 
is  intended  to  deal  with  educational  conditions 
prior  to  the  union  of  the  Provinces,  I  may  mention 
for  the  sake  of  local  interest  that  the  Napanee 
Academy  was  started  in  1846  in  a  wooden  building 
on  a  lot  just  behind  the  Western  Methodist  Church. 
The  first  headmaster  was  Rev.  J.  A.  Devine,  M.A., 
and  the  first  Trustees  were  Rev.  S.  Givens,  Alex. 
Campbell  arid  J.  V.  Detlor.  In  1864  the  West  Ward 
School  building  was  erected  to  accommodate  both 
the  High  and  Common  Schools.  It  was  built  by 
Mr.  John  Herring  at  the  contract  price  of  $7,950. 

The  Newburgh  Academy  was  founded  about 
1841,  and  became  famous  throughout  the  Midland 
District  as  a  seat  of  learning,  especially  under  its 
noted  headmasters,  Mr.  Beach,  Dr.  Nelles,  after- 
wards head  of  Victoria  College,  and  John  Campbell. 

I  now  close  with  a  poem  which  may  call  up 
reminiscences  with  some  of  us.  Its  author,  it 
seems,  is  one  of  that  brilliant  throng  designated 
"Anon." 

THE  OLD   SCHOOL  HOUSE. 

It  stood  on  a  bleak  country  corner, 
The  houses  were  distant,  and  few  ; 

A  meadow  lay  back  in  the  distance, 
Beyond  rose  the  hills  to  our  view. 

The  roads  crossing  there  at  right  angles, 

Untraversed  by  pomp  and  array, 
Were  cropt  by  the  cows  in  the  summer, 

I've  watched  them  there  many  a  day. 

In  memory's  hall, hangs  the  picture, 
And  years  of  sad  care  are  between  ; 

It  hangs  with  a  beautiful  gilding, 
And  well  do  I  love  it,  I  ween. 


14  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

It  stood  on  a  bleak  country  corner, 

But  boyhood's  young  heart  made  it  warm, 

It  glowed  in  the  sunshine  of  summer, 
'Twas  cheerful  in  winter,  and  storm. 

The  teacher,  O  !   well,  I  remember, 

My  heart  has1  long  kept  him  in  place, 

Perhaps  by  the  world  he's  forgotten, 
His  memory  no  touch  can  efface. 

He  met  us,  with  smiles,  on  the  threshold, 
And  in  that  rude  temple  of  art, 

He  left  with  the  skill  of  a  workman, 

His  touch  on  the  mind,  and  the  heart. 

Oh  !     gay  were  the  sports  of  the  noontide, 
When  winter  winds  frolicked  with  snow  ; 

We  laughed  at  the  freaks  of  the  Storm  King 
And  shouted  him  on,  all  aglow. 

We  flashed  at  his  beautiful  sculpture, 

Regardless  of  all  its  array  ; 
We  plunged  in  the  feathery  snow  drifts, 

And  sported  the  winter  away. 

We  sat  on  the  old-fashioned  benches, 
Beguiled  with  our  pencil  and  slate, 

We  thought  of  the  opening  future 

And  dreamed  of  our  manhood's  estate. 

I  cast  a  fond  glance  o'er  the  meadow, 
The  hills  just  beyond  it,  I  see, 

Away  in  the  charm  of  the  distance — 

Old  School  House,  a  blessing  on  thee. 


A   STORY  OF  THE  REAR   OF  ADDINGTON 
COUNTY. 

BY  PAUL  STEIN. 

Up  to  about  the  year  1855  nearly  all  the  lands 
in  the  rear  of  Addington  County  from  Cloyne 
northward,  were  covered  with  primeval  forests, 
which  had  never  been  injured  by  fire,  and  only  in 
some  places  had  the  lumbermen  commenced  to  cut 
and  remove  the  best  of  pine  timber  for  export. 

The  timber  consisted,  and  what  is  left  of  it 
still  consists  of  pine,  spruce,  tamarac,  balsam, 
basswood,  maple,  beech,  birch,  ash,  elm,  cedar,  etc. 

The  character  of  the  soil  is  variable,  but  con- 
sists chiefly  of  sandy  loam  ;  in  some  places  very 
light,  or  shallow  and  stony,  and  when  cleared  only 
suitable  for  pasture.  Some  tracts  of  considerable 
extent  are  entirely  unfit  for  cultivation,  being  either 


A  STORY  OF  THE  REAR  OF  ADDINGTON  COUNTY.     15 

too  rocky  and  mountainous,  or  consisting  of 
swamps  and  marshes,  part  of  which  could  be  re- 
claimed by  underdraining.  The  country  is  except- 
ionally well  watered  with  lakes,  creeks  and  springs, 
which  contain  pure  and  clear  water,  and  the  lakes 
are  stocked  with  fish  of  various  kinds.  Deer  and 
furbearing  animals  were  very  plentiful  w^hen  the 
first  settlers  arrived  here,  but  of  late  game  of  all 
kinds  is  getting  rather  scarce. 

In  or  about  the  year  1856,  the  Addington  Col- 
onization road  was  constructed  by  the  Government 
of  Upper  Canada,  under  the  supervision  of  Mr. 
Ebenezer  Perry,  of  Tamworth,  with  a  view  to  open 
the  northern  part  of  Addington  County  for  settle- 
ment, and  to  encourage  settlers  to  locate  there. 
Crown  lands  in  the  Townships  thus  opened  were 
offered  for  sale  at  one  dollar  per  acre,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  those  lots  immediately  adjoining  the 
Addington  road,  which  were  given  as  free  grants  to 
actual  settlers. 

The  first  settlers  who  located  in  the  Township 
of  Abinger  came  from  Leeds  County  in  1856-7. 
Among  them  were  Chas.  M.  Kenyon,  A.  P.  and 
Wm.  Wickware,  David  and  Klisha  Mallory  and  their 
sons,  Hugh  Grant,  David  I/evingston,  Wm.  I/eving- 
ston,  etc. 

The  first  settlers  who  took  up  homesteads  in 
the  Township  of  Denbigh  arrived  shortly  after  and 
were  chiefly  from  the  County  of  Prince  Edward. 
They  were  Isaac  Cranshaw,  Robert  Conner,  George 
W.  Sweetnam,  A.  Cruikshank,  David  Switzer,  John 
Burns,  J.  Reid,  J.  Peck,  and  probably  a  few  others. 

In  order  to  attract  German  immigrants  to 
Upper  Canada  the  Government  had  issued  some 
German  literature,  which  was  distributed  by  Im- 
migration Agents  in  Germany,  in  which  the  newly 
opened  districts  adjoining  the  Frontenac,  Adding- 
ton and  Hastings  Colonization  roads  were  very 
favorably  described  and  recommended  for  settlers 
with  limited  means. 

One  of  those  pamphlets  fell  into  the  hands  of 
two  neighbors  in  the  Prussian  Province  of  Silesia, 
who  were  at  once  very  favorably  impressed  with 
the  statement  that  they  could  get  each  one  hundred 
acres  of  good  land,  which,  when  cleared,  would 
grow  every  kind  of  farm  produce  that  was  raised  in 
their  own  native  province  for  nothing,  and  though 
they  were  not  practical  farmers,  for  one  of  them, 
Charles  Newman,  was  a  distiller,  and  was  foreman 


16      LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

in  a  distillery,  and  the  other,  August  John,  was  a 
miller  who  had  only  a  small  grist  mill  rented,  they 
decided  to  try  their  luck  in  Canada.  Crossing  the 
Atlantic  in  the  50 's  in  the  steerage  of  an  immigrant 
sailing  vessel,  in  which  they  had  to  furnish  their 
own  provisions,  bedding,  etc.,  for  a  trip  lasting 
from  seven  to  ten  weeks,  and  in  one  case  with 
smallpox  and  no  physician  on  board  ship  thirteen 
weeks,  was  no  trifle,  but  they  landed  safely  in  Que- 
bec, reached  Napanee,  where  they  with  the  assist- 
ance of  a  country  man,  who  acted  as  their  interpre- 
ter, purchased  the  necessary  supplies  and  engaged  a 
couple  of  teams  which  brought  them  to  their  des- 
tination in  Denbigh  Township  in  the  summer  of 
1858.  They  took  possession  of  and  located  on  ad- 
joining lots  on  the  Addington  road,  built,  with  the 
help  of  a  few  neighbors,  a  log  shanty  large  enough 
to  hold  both  families  and  all  their  possessions,  and 
went  to  work  with  a  will  to  clear  yet  a  little  land 
for  a  late  crop  of  turnips  and  some  other  roots. 
They  were  the  first  pioneers  of  what  was  for  years 
afterwards  known  as  the  German  or  "Dutch" 
Settlement.  But  they  were  destined  to  meet  with 
a  very  serious  misfortune.  Intending  to  acquire  a 
cow,  they  all,  men,  women  and  children,  left  their 
.shanty  one  morning  in  the  early  fall  to  cut  some 
hay  in  Beaver  meadow,  quite  a  distance  from  it. 
While  thus  engaged,  they  happened  to  look  towards 
their  habitation  and  noticed  a  heavy  column  of 
smoke  rising  in  that  direction.  Hurrying  home 
they  found  their  dwelling  with  all  contents  a  mass 
of  flames,  out  of  which  they  were  not  able  to  save 
a  particle,  and  had  nothing  left  but  their  poorest 
clothes  they  had  dressed  themselves  with  in  the 
morning.  A  pitiful  situation  for  anyone,  but  how 
much  more  so  for  those  two  families  with  a  couple 
of  little  children  each,  in  a  strange  country,  in  a 
forest  away  from  all  civilization  !  After  consult- 
ing what  to  do  next,  Mr.  Newman  decided  to  re- 
main, and  to  try  his  luck  in  trapping  and  hunting, 
while  Mr.  John  preferred  to  move  with  his  family 
to  Bridgewater,  where  both  he  and  his  wife  found 
employment.  In  the  following  spring  they  returned 
to  their  homestead  and  built  a  small  log  cabin  for 
themselves.  In  1860  and  1861  several  other  German 
families  joined  them,  and  they  began  to  feel  more 
at  home.  They  labored,  however,  under  many  ser- 
ious disadvantages.  Their  nearest  postoffice  for 
instance  was  at  Perry's  Mills,  and  afterwards  at 


A  STORY  OP  THE  REAR  OF  ADDINGTON  COUNTY.     17 

Hardinge,  in  the  Township  of  Barrie,  a  distance  of 
over  twenty  miles.  In  1863  Denbigh  postoflice  was 
established,  with  David  Hughs  as  postmaster,  and 
Gotthard  Radel  as  the  first  mail  carrier,  who  had 
to  carry  H.  M.  mail  on  foot,  there  being  as  yet  no 
horses  in  the  settlement.  Another  great  disadvant- 
age was  the  want  of  a  grist  mill,  the  nearest  one 
then  being  at  Bridgewater.  Later  on  another  one 
was  built  at  Rockingham,  in  Renfrew  County,  and 
another  one  in  Plevna,  in  the  County  of  Frontenac  ; 
but  either  of  them  was  over  twenty-five  miles  from 
the  Settlement,  and  as  teams  of  any  kind  were 
scarce,  it  was  no  uncommon  occurrence  that  the 
happy  possessor  of  a  horse  or  of  a  yoke  of  oxen 
would  demand  from  his  neighbor  who  was  not  so 
fortunate,  one  bushel  of  wheat  for  taking  another 
bushel  to  the  mill  for  him  to  get  it  ground. 

Another  drawback  for  the  settlers  was  the  diffi- 
culty of  obtaining  supplies.  There  were  no  stores 
in  the  vicinity,  and  no  road  as  yet  to  Renfrew,  and 
nearly  all  the  trading  for  a  number  of  years  was 
done  in  Napanee.  The  first  small  store  was  started 
by  Chas.  M.  Kenyon,  near  the  head  of  Massanoga 
Lake,  but  his  stock  was  very  limited  at  first. 

About  the  year  1859  Washington  Mallory  built 
a  small  saw  mill  in  Abinger  Township,  and  a  few 
years  later  Elisha  Mallory ; purchased  lot  No.  20,  in 
the  8th  con.  of  the  Township  of  Denbigh,  on  which 
another  mill  site  was  situate,  which  Mr.  Mallory 
improved,  and  on  which  he  erected  another  saw 
mill,  so  that  the  settlers  were  able  to  obtain  all 
the  lumber  they  required  for  their  building  opera- 
tions. 

Several  other  settlers  had  squatted  on  adjoining 
lots  of  Government  land  near  Cedar  Lake,  and  a 
small  frame  church  had  been  built  for  Protestant 
worshippers  on  an,  acre  of  land  donated  by  K.  Mal- 
lory. The  little  settlement  was  first  known  as  the 
Cedar  Lake  Settlement.  In  1867  Messrs.  Charles 
Stein  and  Paul  Stein,  then  residing  on  a  farm  in 
the  Township  of  Richmond,  bought  from  K. 
Mallory  the  land  containing  the  saw  mill  and  mill 
site,  and  in  the  following  year  built  a  gristmill  on 
it,  which  had  only  one  run  of  Buhr  stones  and  the 
necessary  bolting  and  cleaning  machinery,  but  was 
well  patronized  and  appreciated  by  all  settlers  in 
the  vicinity.  A  few  years  afterwards  the  little  saw 
mill  was  torn  down  and  a  larger  one  built  by  Paul 
Stein,  with  better  machinery  and  a  greater  capa- 


18  LENNOX   AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

city.  Mr.  John  Mallory  opened  a  little  general 
store  near  by,  which  soon  after  passed  over  to  Mr. 
Samuel  Lane,  who  was  appointed  postmaster.  An- 
other store,  a  blacksmith  shop  and  a  public  house 
were  built,  and  Cedar  Lake  Settlement  gradually 
ceased  to  exist  and  Denbigh  Village  took  its  place. 

In  1882  the  gristmill  was  found  to  be  inadequate 
to  the  requirements  of  the  surrounding  farming 
population,  and  P.  Stein  bought  out  his  father's 
interest  in  it,  tore  it  down  and  replaced  it  by  a 
larger  one,  containing  two  run  of  stones  and  more 
improved  machinery.  In  1884  the  German  Lutheran 
congregation,  though  only  consisting  of  about 
twenty  families,  built  a  parsonage,  and  in  1886  a 
frame  church.  Since  1884  they  have  always  had  a 
resident  minister,  who  has  to  belong  to  the 
Lutheran  Synod  of  Canada,  which  pays  part  of  his 
salary,  for  beside  his  Denbigh  congregation,  he  has 
to  attend  to  the  spiritual  needs  of  a  small  congre- 
gation in  Plevna,  Frontenac  County,  and  two  larger 
congregations  in  Raglan,  Renfrew  County,  and 
Maynooth,  Hastings  County. 

In  1901  P.  Stein  sold  the  grist  mill  to  E. 
Petzold,  who  soon  after  enlarged  it  by  adding  to  it 
a  first-class  roller  plant  of  thirty  barrels  capacity 
per  day,  with  all  other  necessary  machinery,  which 
makes  it  now  one  of  the  best  equipped  little  roller 
mills  in  this  part  of  the  Province,  with,  however, 
one  serious  disadvantage  :  It  is  run  by  water  power 
and  in  dry  seasons  the  water  sometimes  fails, 
causing  considerable  loss  to  its  owner  and  incon- 
venience to  the  patrons. 

In  1902,  J.  S.  Lane  bought  some  land  adjoining 
the  village  and  erected  on  it  a  steam  saw  mill, 
which  also  contains  shingle  and  lath  machinery,  a 
planer  and  matcher,  etc.  A  couple  more  general 
stores  and  some  other  business  establishments  had 
been  added,  and  the  village  now  contains  one  roller 
mill,  one  steam  saw  mill,  three  general  stores,  two 
public  or  boarding  houses,  two  churches,  one  public 
school,  two  blacksmith  shops,  one  woodworking 
shop,  two  agencies  for  agricultural  implements,  one 
physician,  one  Crown  Land  agency,  one  postoflice, 
one  Orange  hall  and  two  public  halls  belonging  to 
private  owners.  A  new  cheese  factory  has  also  been 
built  not  far  from  the  village,  which  will  be  put  in 
operation  next  spring. 

Vennachar  is  a  little  hamlet  in  Abinger  Town- 
ship, seven  miles  southeast  of  Denbigh  Village.  It 


A  STORY  OP  THE  REAR  OF  ADDINGTON  COUNTY.     19 

was  almost  entirely  swept  out  of  existence  by  a 
bush  fire  in  the  spring  of  1903,  and  some  of  the 
buildings  then  destroyed  have  never  been  rebuilt. 
It  comprises  now  one  general  store  with  postoffice, 
one  public  school,  one  Methodist  church,  and  about 
a  mile  from  it  a  Free  Methodist  church.  There 
are  also  two  cheese  factories  at  no  great  distance 
from  it. 

No  reference  has,  as  yet,  been  made  to  munici- 
pal matters,  which,  perhaps,  deserve  to  be  men- 
tioned. The  Municipality  of  Denbigh,  Abinger  and 
Ashby  was  organized  in  1866.  The  first  Municipal 
Council  was  composed  of  James  Lane,  Reeve  ;  and 
K.  C.  Bebee,  Isaac  Cranshaw,  Chas.  M.  Kenyon 
and  Chas.  Newman,  Councillors,  who  voted  them- 
selves for  their  services  a  salary  of  25c.  per  session. 
David  Hughs  was  appointed  Township  Clerk  at  ten 
dollars  per  annum;  John  Lane,  Township  Treasurer, 
at  the  same  salary  ;  Robert  Conner,  Assessor,  at 
eight  dollars,  and  William  Wickware,  Collector,  at 
fifteen  dollars  salary.  The  following  year  the 
members  of  the  Council  raised  their  own  remuner- 
ation to  one  dollar  per  session,  and  the  Clerk's 
salary  to  twenty  dollars  per  annum,  at  wThich  rate 
it  remained  for  many  years. 

In  1866  two  public  school  sections  were  estab- 
lished. No  i  in  the  German  Settlement,  and  No.  2 
at  Vennachar.  Now  there  are  seven  schools  in 
operation.  The  following  gentlemen  have  served 
the  municipality  as  Reeves  since  its  organization  : 
James  Lane  for  1866,  Chas.  M.  Kenyon  from  1867 
to  1870,  Samuel  Lane  from  1871  to  "1880,  William 
Haines  for  1881,  James  Lane  from  1882  to  1884, 
George  W.  Sweetnam  from  1885  to  1891,  William 
Lane  for  1892  and  1893,  George  W.  Sweetnam  for 
1894,  William  Lane  from  1895  to  1898,  James  Lane 
from  1899  to  1901,  John  S.  Lane  from  1902  to  1909. 
The  Township  Clerk's  office  has  been  filled  by  David 
Hughs  during  1866,  by  William  Lane  from  1867  to 
1883,  by  Edwin  Wensley  during  1884  and  1885,  and 
by  Paul  stein  from  1886  until  now.  The  Township 
Treasury  was  held  by  John  Lane  from  1866  until 
1907,  by  Herman  Glaeser  during  1908,  and  by 
Eathel  C.  Bebee  up  to  the  present. 

There  are  now  five  postoffices  within  the 
municipality  :  Denbigh,  Vennachar,  Slate  Falls, 
Glenfield  and  Wensley,  and  the  mail  service  is 
satisfactory.  Denbigh  has  a  tri-weekly  mail  to 
Plevna,  via  Vennachar  and  Wensley,  and  a  bi-weekly 


20  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

one  to  Griffith  and  to  Slate  Falls.  Several  efforts 
have  been  made  to  get  the  abandoned  Denbigh- 
Cloyne  mail  route  established,  in  order  to  get 
direct  connection  and  communication  with  Kaladar 
Station  and  Napanee,  but  so  far  they  have  been 
unsuccessful. 

The  market  facilities  for  farm  products,  cattle, 
etc.,  are  now  not  as  good  as  they  were  when  lum- 
bering operations  were  carried  on  more  extensively. 
Formerly  the  lumbermen  needed  all  the  hay  and 
grain  the  farmers  could  spare,  and  had  to  import 
large  quantities.  Now,  however,  nearly  all  the 
floatable  timber  has  been  cut  and  removed,  or  has 
been  destroyed  by  bush  fires,  and  the  farmers  will 
have  to  pay  more  attention  to  dairying  or  the 
raising  of  beef  cattle. 

A  very  serious  disadvantage  is  the  absence  of 
any  nearer  railway  or  other  shipping  facilities. 
The  municipality  forms  the  centre  of  a  district 
which  has  railways  on  all  sides  and  around  it,  but 
no  railway  station  nearer  than  from  35  to  43  miles 
from  Denbigh  Village.  As  the  public  roads  leading 
to  any  of  the  railroad  stations  are  also  seldom  in 
very  good  condition,  the  shipping  problem  of 
farmers'  products  is  a  serious  one.  Other  industries 
however,  are  also  retarded  thereby. 

It  is  generally  believed  that  valuable  minerals 
in  paying  quantities  exist  in  the  hills  and  valleys 
of  the  municipality,  and  gold,  mica  and  graphite 
mines  have  been  worked,  but  they  were  always 
closed  again  because  the  transportation  of  the 
products  to  the  nearest  railway  station  made  their 
operation  unprofitable.  Only  a  few  weeks  ago  a 
discovery  of  ruby-corundum  in  the  Township  of 
Ashby  was  sold  to  Mr.  J.  H.  Jewel,  of  Toronto, 
for  a  very  fair  amount.  Mr.  Jewel  has  since  pur- 
chased one  thousand  acres,  on  part  of  which  this 
discovery  is  situated,  from  the  Government,  and 
has  had  one-half  of  that  area  resurveyed  and  laid 
out  in  smaller  parcels.  A  gang  of  mechanics  and 
other  laborers  are  now  engaged  building  a  boarding 
house  30x60  feet,  near  the  mine,  and  a  considerable 
amount  of  lumber  and  other  building  material  is 
said  to  have  already  been  ordered  for  further  build- 
ing operations  in  the  coming  spring.  If  this 
venture  should  prove  a  success  it  will  encourage 
further  prospecting  and  lead  to  further  discoveries. 

In  conclusion  it  might  be  mentioned  that  there 
has  not  been  any  liquor  sold  or  a  tavern  or  hotel 


JOHN   THOMSON.  21 

license  issued  in  the  municipality  for  upwards  of 
twenty  years,  nor  has  there  ever  been  an  inhabitant 
of  the  municipality  imprisoned  or  otherwise 
punished  for  criminal  offences.  The  worst  trans- 
gressions against  the  laws  of  the  country  have  been 
trifling  civil  cases  of  little  importance. 

Denbigh,  February  8th,   1910. 


JOHN  THOMSON. 

INVENTOR   OP   A   PROCESS   FOR   MAKING   WOOD   PULP. 
BY  C.   M.   WARNER. 

John  Thomson,  Esquire,  a  resident  of  Napanee, 
was  one  of  the  original  discoverers  of  a  method  for 
manufacturing  wood  pulp  as  used  in  the  making  of 
paper,  and  was  the  first  man  to  install  machinery 
and  manufacture  wood  pulp  in  a  factory  built  for 
that  purpose. 

John  Thomson  was  a  son  of  James  Thomson, 
who  was  born  in  a  small  suburb  of  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  in  1799,  and  died  at  Napanee  Mills, 
Ontario,  Canada,  on  December  6th,  1877,  at  the  age 
of  77  years  and  9  months.  James  emigrated  to 
.America  in  1854,  and  lived  first  at  Trenton,  New 
Jersey,  and  then  at  St.  John,  New  Brunswick, 
where  he  spent  most  of  the  years  until  his  death  in 
manufacturing  paper.  In  those  days  all  paper  was 
made  from  rags. 

John  was  born  on  November  2ist,  1837,  and 
came  to  America  with  his  father  in  1854, — the  first 
seventeen  years  of  his  life  having  been  spent  in  the 
vicinity  of  Edinburgh.  Soon  after  he  arrived  at 
Trenton  he  went  to  Morristown,  New  Jersey,  to 
finish  his  apprenticeship  as  a  paper  maker.  After 
about  three  years  at  Morristown  he  returned  to 
Trenton  (1858)  and  became  manager  of  the  paper 
mills  there.  In  1860  he  moved  with  his  father  to 
St.  John,  where  he  readily  found  employment  at 
his  trade.  During  the  next  two  years  he  experi- 
mented considerablv  in  an  endeavor  to  produce  a 
wood  fibre  from  which  paper  could  be  made.  His 
experiments  covered  a  period  of  between  twenty 
months  and  two  years.  Trying  to  produce  the 
material  with  a  small  boiler  about  two  feet  long 


22  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

and  seven  or  eight  inches  in  diameter,  one  day  the 
boiler  burst.  From  the  fragments  collected  after 
the  accident  he  found  he  had  at  last  secured  a  good 
quality  of  wood  fibre  for  use  in  manufacturing 
paper.  The  sample  of  pulp  thus  obtained  is  in  the 
collection  of  the  Lennox  and  Addington  Historical 
Society. 

In  1862  he  left  St.  John  with  the  intention  of 
going  to  Ottawa  to  see  about  securing  a  patent  for 
his  new  process.  On  his  arrival  at  Montreal  he 
spent  considerable  time  in  looking  over  the  ware- 
houses and  accidentally  came  in  touch  with  Messrs. 
Angus  1/ogan  &  Company,  who  had  paper  mills  at 
Sherbrooke,  Quebec.  He  took  a  contract  from  this 
firm  to  put  their  mills  in  better  working  order. 
This  position  was  the  direct  cause  of  his  neglect  to 
have  his  invention  patented.  He  was  very  success- 
ful in  reorganizing  the  mills  at  Sherbrooke,  in  fact 
so  much  so,  that  Messrs.  Angus  Logan  &  Company 
offered  him  a  partnership  which  he  accepted. 
They  advised  him  not  to  apply  for  the  patent  and 
he  took  the  advice.  He  next  went  to  Windsor, 
Que.,  as  a  member  of  this  firm,  bought  a  small 
island  with  an  old  building  and  an  excellent  water 
power  on  it  and  installed  pulp  works,  and  then  pro- 
duced the  first  wood  pulp  that  was  ever  manufac- 
tured in  any  quantity  for  use  in  making  paper.  The 
pulp  which  was  shipped  to  the  mills  at  Sherbrooke, 
Mr.  Thomson  says,  made  beautiful  paper. 

Mr.  Thomson  does  not  claim  to  be  the  only  in- 
ventor of  a  process  for  making  wood  pulp.  About 
the  time  he  made  his  invention  it  was  invented  in 
the  United  States  also,  and  the  inventors  there  had 
their  process  patented.  The  mill  at  Windsor,  Que- 
bec, however,  was  the  first  to  make  wood  pulp  in 
marketable  quantities,  and  the  mills  at  Sherbrooke, 
Quebec,  were  the  first  to  manufacture  paper  from 
wood  pulp.  This  was  in  the  year  1864.  Mr. 
Thomson's  method  was  soon  copied  abroad. 

When  the  business  resulted  so  satisfactorily,  the 
firm  decided  to  build  new  paper  mills  at  Windsor 
for  the  manufacture  of  wood  pulp  paper  exclusively. 
These  mills  were  built  in  1869.  After  the  mills  had 
been  run  successfully  for  a  year  or  two,  Mr. 
Thomson  became  dissatisfied  with  his  partnership 
and  decided  to  get  out.  The  settlement  was  un- 
satisfactory to  him  and  he  became  entangled  in  a 
law  suit  which  lasted  for  three  years. 

During  the  time  he  was  involved  in  litigation  he 


JOHN   THOMSON.  23 

continued  to  build  mills,  the  first  one  being  at  St. 
John,  N.B.  In  connection  with  this  mill  it  was 
Mr.  Thomson's  intention  to  build  a  paper  bag 
factory.  The  machinery  for  making  the  bags  was 
bought  from  a  firm  by  the  name  of  Benny  &  Com- 
pany, of  Boston,  but  just  as  it  was  ready  to  ship, 
the  Union  Paper  Bag  Company  seized  it,  claiming 
an  infringement  of  their  patents,  and  Mr.  Thomson 
lost  it  all. 

Iveaving  St.  John  in  1871,  he  went  to  Montreal 
and  then  to  Georgetown,  Ontario,  where  he  put  in 
pulp  works  for  Messrs.  William  Barber  &  Bros. 
After  finishing  this  work  he  built  the  first  paper  and 
pulp  mills  on  the  Napanee  River  at  Newburgh, 
Ontario.  This  plant  was  called  the  Newburgh 
Paper  Mills  and  was  owned  by  a  co-partnership 
made  up  of  John  Thomson,  his  brother  James 
Thomson  and  J.  W.  Rooklidge.  John  had  employ- 
ed Messrs.  Dunn,  Wiman  &  Company  to  look  after 
his  interests  during  his  troubles  with  Messrs.  Benny 
&  Co.,  and  they  sent  Mr.  Rooklidge  to  Boston  to 
work  on  the  case.  It  was  through  his  association 
with  this  case,  and  the  knowledge  of  the  business 
acquired  at  that  time  that  Mr.  Rooklidge  became 
enthusiastic  over  the  new  industry.  He  prevailed 
on  Mr.  Thomson  to  come  to  this  part  of  the  coun- 
try to  locate. 

A  peculiar  accident  caused  the  firm  to  start  the 
mills  at  Newburgh.  They  had  mills  built  at  Gan- 
anoqtie,  Ontario,  but  it  was  discovered  through 
some  error  in  judgment,  that  these  mills  were 
gradually  sliding  into  the  St.  I/awrence  River,  and 
there  seemed  no  way  to  prevent  it.  This  mill  was 
built  by  a  Mr.  Colton.  They  naturally  looked 
about  for  a  better  place  to  locate,  and  their  atten- 
tion was  called  to  Newburgh,  where  there  was  an 
abundance  of  raw  material  and  conditions  were 
favorable.  Here  they  secured  a  water  power  from 
the  Honorable  John  Stevenson,  and  the  machinery 
intended  for  Gananoque,  was,  without  having  been 
unpacked,  reshipped  on  barges  to  Napanee  and  then 
carted  to  Newburgh.  A  gentleman  once  interested 
in  the  industry  tells  of  the  excitement  created  in 
Napanee  when  this  machinery  arrived  in  the  harbor 
for  trans-shipment  to  Newburgh.  Very  few  had 
ever  seen  paper  manufacturing  machinery.  The 
people  went  to  the  river  in  crowds,  and  were  much 
surprised  at  the  size  of  the  tanks  and  the  quantity 
of  machinery  required.  The  mill  was  built  on  the 


24  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

small  island  where  Stickney's  foundry  now  stands, 

After  a  few  years  of  the  partnership,  Mr.  John 
Thomson  had  troubles  with  Mr.  Rooklidge  and  he 
withdrew  from  the  firm  in  1874.  He  then  went  to 
Montreal,  where  he  took  a  contract  to  build  a  mill 
for  a  Company  at  Kingsey  Falls,  Quebec. 

In  the  same  year  at  the  request  of  Messrs. 
Hiram  Wright,  Alexander  Smith,  W.  F.  Hall, 
Alexander  Henry,  John  R.  Scott,  William  Miller, 
and  John  Herring,  he  returned  to  the  Napanee 
River  and  built  mills  for  the  Napanee  Mills  Paper 
Manufacturing  Company,  at  the  Village  of  Napanee 
Mills,  which  is  situated  about  two  miles  from 
Newburgh.  This  village  is  now  called  Strathcona. 
He  took  some  stock  in  the  new  Company  and 
signed  a  contract  to  stay  with  them  for  five  years. 
During  this  period  Mr.  Rooklidge  and  Mr.  John  T. 
Grange  bought  Mr.  James  Thomson's  interest  in 
the  Newburgh  mills  for  ten  thousand  dollars,  and 
James  contracted  to  stay  at  Newburgh  as  Manager 
for  two  years. 

In  1881,  when  John's  contract  expired  at  Napa- 
nee Mills  he  joined  his  brother  James  whose  con- 
tract expired  at  about  the  same  time,  and  the 
brothers  formed  a  co-partnership  and  built  the 
Thomson  Mills.  These  new  mills  also  on  the  Napa- 
nee River  near  Newburgh,  were  started  in  1882.  In 
the  year  1887,  Mr.  John  Thomson's  health  failed 
and  he  retired  from  business.  James  and  his  sons 
continued  the  business  and  the  sons  operate  the 
plant  at  the  present  time,  the  father  having  died  in 
Newburgh,  on  April  3oth,  1902,  at  the  age  of  70 
years  and  8  months. 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  give  here  a  little  inci- 
dent which  happened  at  the  Napanee  Mills  shortly 
after  Mr.  Thomson's  retirement  as  Manager.  In 
about  the  year  1885,  this  Company  received  from 
Louisiana  a  shipment  of  a  car  load  of  sugar  cane, 
from  which  the  sugar  had  been  extracted,  with  a 
request  that  it  be  manufactured  into  paper  as  an 
experiment.  The  pulp  made  therefrom  had  a  strong 
fibre,  much  stronger  than  that  made  from  wood, 
the  paper  being  exceedingly  stout  though  somewhat 
hard  in  texture.  It  was  shipped  to  Louisiana  and 
whether  anything  of  a  practical  nature  resulted 
from  the  experiment  was  never  known  here.  At 
the  request  of  the  shippers  the  secret  was  always 
carefully  guarded. 

During  the  life  of  this  great  industry  Mr.   John 


JOHN   THOMSON.  25 

Thomson  received  no  aid  from  the  Government 
either  in  the  shape  of  a  bonus  or  of  a  grant  of  land. 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  some  to  know  where  all 
the  machinery  in  these  mills  came  from.  The  most 
of  it  came  from  Edinburgh,  and  naturally  Mr. 
Thomson's  ideas  were  used  to  a  great  extent  in  the 
constmction  of  those  parts  used  in  the  manufacture 
of  the  pulp.  The  mills  at  Newburgh  were  fitted 
with  machines  bought  from  Messrs.  Rice,  Barton  & 
Company,  of  Worcester,  Mass.  Those  at  Thomson's 
Mills,  Napanee  Mills  and  Windsor,  Oue.,  had 
English  machinery.  In  a  recent  visit  to  Windsor 
Mr.  Thomson  found  machinery  which  he  had 
installed  in  1869  still  in  use  and  giving  excellent 
satisfaction. 

The  district  about  Newburgh  in  the  early  days 
was  well  supplied  with  the  wood  required  for  mak- 
ing pulp, — cedar,  balsam,  basswood  and  hemlock. 

There  were  two  causes  which  led  to  the  decline 
of  the  industry  in  this  part  of  Ontario.  One  was 
the  decrease  in  the  supply  of  raw  material  ; 
the  other  was  the  high  import  duty  put  on  papei 
by  the  United  States.  The  first  reason  was 
probably  the  most  effective.  As  the  timber  was  cut 
from  the  land,  no  provision  was  made  for  re- 
forrestry,  and  little  did  the  early  residents  believe 
that  there  would  ever  be  a  scarcity  of  wood  in  this 
district. 

Mr.  John  Thomson  moved  to  Napanee,  Ontario, 
a  few  years  ago.  He  built  a  beautiful  home  at  the 
corner  of  Bridge  and  Kast  streets,  which  he  now 
occupies.  The  sample  of  wood  pulp,  secured  after 
months  of  experimenting,  he  presented  to  the 
I/ennox  and  Addington  Historical  Society,  and  it 
will  always  form  a  valuable  part  of  the  Society's 
collection.  No  invention  has  done  more  to  cheapen 
printing  paper  and  to  put  books  and  newspapers 
within  the  reach  of  the  great  mass  of  the  people, 
thus  conferring  an  incalculable  benefit,  for,  as  has 
been  truly  said  :  "the  consumption  of  paper  is  the 
measure  of  a  people's  culture." 

Napanee,  Ontario,  Canada,  December  i6th,  1909 


NEWBURGH. 

BY    GEO.    ANSON    AYLESWORTH. 

It  is  not  quite  the  same  with  Newburgh  as  with 
that  Knglish  village  celebrated  in  the  Cornhill 
Magazine, — 

"Our  Village  is  unhonored  yet  in  story, 
"The  present  residents  its  only  glory." 

for  former  residents  constitute  mainly  such  fame 
and  "glory"  as  render  the  annals  of  Newburgh 
interesting. 

To  begin  with,  it  has  the  distinction  of  being 
the  largest  incorporated  village  in  Ontario,  its  area 
being  five  and  one-half  square  miles.  Camden 
township  bounds  it  on  the  east,  north  and  west, 
Krnesttown  on  the  south.  It  is  twelve  miles  north- 
ward from  the  shore  of  the  Bay  of  Quinte  at  Bath  ; 
seven  miles  up-stream  northeasterly  from  where 
the  Napanee  river  sinks  to  the  navigable  level  of  the 
Mohawk  branch  of  that  same  Bay  of  Quinte. 

The  valley  of  the  Napanee  river  from  Yarker  to 
the  bay,  fourteen  miles,  is  very  picturesque  as  well 
as  fertile.  The  late  Dr.  Grant,  who  had  seen  the 
sights  of  that  half  of  the  world  that  lies  between 
California  and  the  Danube,  used  to  declare  that  he 
knew  of  no  drive  of  more  varied  beauty  than  the 
vale  of  the  Napanee  from  Colebrook  or  Yarker, 
down. 

The  village  proper  is  in  the  centre  of  the  large 
area  above  mentioned,  that  is,  at  the  intersection 
of  the  King's  highway  from  Bath  to  Tarn  worth, 
(Main  street),  with  the  concession  line  between  the 
first  and  second  concessions  of  Camden  township. 

The  Napanee  river,  about  one-quarter  of  a  mile 
east  of  Main  street,  divides  into  two  branches, 
which  re-unite  about  an  equal  distance  west  of  Main 
street,  thus  enclosing  an  island  of  about  seven 
acres  in  area.  Near  the  centre  of  this  island  is  a 
cave,  in  former  times  occasionally  explored  by  over- 
bold school  boys,  who,  each  with  a  piece  of  candle 
and  matches  in  plenty,  used  to  descend  into  and 
crawl  through  this  hole  in  the  ground. 

They  brought  back  tales  of  inscriptions  and 
mysterious  wonders  in  underground  compartments, 


NEWBURGH.  27 

that  excited  much  envy  and  enlargement  of  eye 
among  the  more  timorous  who  dared  not  squeeze 
in,  for  they  would  be  unable  ever  to  squeeze  out 
again.  Of  late  years  the  entrance  to  this  cave  has 
become  stopped  up,  and  few  village  mothers  are 
anxious  for  its  re-opening. 

This  double  river  affords  no  less  than  thirteen 
good  water  privileges  within  less  than  one-third  of 
a  mile.  These  have  been  valued  and  improved  and 
made  of  great  utility  in  times  past  ;  in  these  later 
electric  days  the  time  of  the  appreciation  is  again 
dawning. 

Tradition  preserves  the  names  of  the  first 
settlers  :  William  Van  Pelt  Detlor  and  Benjamin 
Files,  two  sturdy  cousins,  who  "took  up  land"  in 
1822,  south  of  the  river.  David  Perry,  in  1824, 
built  the  first  saw-mill  here,  and  John  Madden,  in 
1825,  another.  Of  course,  in  those  remote  well 
wooded  times,  a  saw-mill  was  the  first  thing  the 
settlers  most  urgently  needed, — after  a  tavern. 

About  a  mile  and  a  half  south  of  the  border  of 
Newburgh  stood  Switzer's  chapel,  older  than  which 
was  but  one  other  Methodist  meeting-house  in 
Upper  Canada.  It  was  erected  about  1826,  and  I 
have  heard  the  late  Mr.  Mitchel  Neville  say  that  at 
its  erection,  he,  being  a  boy  of  eleven  years,  was 
given  charge  of  the  grog-jug  to  carry  it  about 
among  the  good  old  Methodists  of  that  neighbor- 
hood who  were  there  at  the  "raising" — tee-totalism 
not  yet  having  been  invented.  With  propriety  may 
Switzer's  Chapel  be  mentioned  herein  for  the  skil- 
fully framed  timbers,  and  some  of  the  old  windows, 
themselves  of  the  genuine  original  building  thereof, 
stand  now  in  Newburgh  village,  a  new  brick  church 
having  been  built  on  its  Switzer  site  some  years 
since. 

In  1825,  my  gran 'father  with  one  of  his  bro- 
thers, paying  a  visit  to  their  uncle,  David  Perry, 
who  lived  north  of  the  river,  had  to  ride  their 
saddle  horses  from  their  home  near  Bath  around  by 
way  of  Napanee,  and  so  on  up  the  river,  there  being 
then  no  bridge  at  Newburgh. 

In  1826,  this  Mr.  Perry  built  a  grist  mill,  which 
t\vo  years  later  he  sold  to  Samuel  Shaw,  who  was 
the  villager's  first  merchant. 

1831  saw  Madden's  grist  mill  established  ;  it 
served  the  public  till  destroyed  by  fire  in  1902. 

John  Black  started  a  tannery  in  1832. 

And  so  the  village  grew  ;    stores,  axe  factories, 


28  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

carding  mills,  carriage  and  agricultural  implement 
works. 

The  first  name  of  the  place  was  "The  Hollow," 
there  being  hills  on  every  side.  Soon,  in  compli- 
ment to  the  business  abilities  and  enterprise  of  its 
inhabitants,  some  genius  dubbed  it  "Rogues'  Hol- 
low." Public  appreciation  of  the  fitness  of  things 
fastened  the  name.  The  growing  town  at  last  grew 
restive  under  such  a  title,  and  it  became  time  for  a 
change. 

Of  the  village  in  that  day  one  of  the  men  of 
learning  was  the  doctor.  Isaac  Brock  Aylesworth 
was  born  near  Bath,  4th  December,  1812.  At  the 
request  of  his  mother's  father,  Robert  Perry,  he 
was  named  after  General  Sir  Isaac  Brock,  who,  in 
October  of  1812,  had  fallen  in  battle  at  Niagara. 
Educated  at  Bath  Academy,  and  at  New  -York,  he 
moved  into  "The  Hollow"  in  1836.  During  the 
troubled  years,  1837  and  1838,  he  was  living  at 
Napanee,  but  appears  to  have  returned  to  New- 
burgh  early  in  1839.  When  going  to  and  from  New 
York,  he  had  seen  Newburgh  on  the  Hudson  river, 
lyike  "The  Hollow,"  it  lies  under  and  upon  the 
terraced  sides  of  hills,  and  so  it  came  about  that 
the  doctor  gave  its  present  name  to  Newburgh. 

With  the  late  Robert  F.  Hope  and  George 
Eakins,  the  doctor  had  much  to  do  with  the  estab- 
lishment of  Newburgh  Academy,  the  exact  date  of 
whose  opening  seems  "shrouded  in  the  mists  of 
antiquity."  Dr.  Hodgins,  the  historiographer  of 
education  in  Ontario,  once  told  me,  "Your  relative 
(the  doctor)  was  active  in  the  founding  of  New- 
burgh Academy." 

In  the  first  volume  of  "Documentary  History  of 
Education  in  Upper  Canada,"  by  J.  George  Hod- 
gins,  M.A.,  etc.,  published  in  1894,  prefatory  re- 
marks, (pages  HI. -IV.),  we  find  :  "The  celebrity  of 
the  Ernesttown  or  Bath  Academy  may  have  been 
increased  from  the  fact  that  at  it,  was  chiefly  edu- 
cated by  his  father, — its  master,  a  man  so  eminent 
in  his  profession  and  so  distinguished  in  the  history 
of  Upper  Canada  as  was  Marshall  Spring  Bidwell, — 
a  gifted  member  of  the  House  of  Assembly  in  its 
early  days,  and  its  Speaker  for  some  time"  .... 
"Then  the  success  of  the  Newburgh  Academy  was 
noted  in  our  own  times,  and  in  it,  as  one  of  its 
latest  Principals,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Nelles  first  learned 
those  lessons  in  the  art  of  teaching  and  government 
which  he  afterwards  turned  to  such  excellent  ac- 


NEWBURGH.  29 


count,  as  the  gifted  President  for  so  many  years,  of 
Victoria  University"  ....  (Page  V.)  ''Animated 
by  the  same  spirit  as  possessed  these  early  colon- 
ists, the  U.  K.  IY.'S  established  schools  of  a  super- 
ior class  early  in  the  century  in  the  chief  centres  of 
their  settlements,  such  as  Kingston,  Cornwall, 
Bath,  York,  St.  Catherines,  and  afterwards  at  New- 
burgh.  Soon  a  Grammar  School  was  established 
in  every  district"  ....  (Vol.  V.,  p.  128)  "In  a 
further  report  to  the  Midland  District  Council,  the 
Education  Committee  ....  recommended  that  a 
Model  School  be  established  in  the  Village  of  New- 
burgh,  styled  a  Township  Model  School,  and  that 
the  Superintendent  of  that  Township  be  recommend- 
ed to  establish  the  same.  Kingston,  i8th  May, 
1844.  (Sig.)  Anthony  Denike,  Chairman." 

Dr.  Nelles  was  Principal  of  Newburgh  Academy 
in  1846.  In  the  foregoing  extract  he  is  spoken  of  as 
"one  of  its  latest  Principals,"  which  would  seem  to 
indicate  that  this  school  was  not  a  very  new,  or 
recently  established  institution  in  1846  ?  Also,  be 
it  observed,  that  Newburgh  Academy  has  mention 
among  the  first  six  Grammar  Schools  to  be  estab- 
lished in  Upper  Canada. 

My  father  says  he  saw  Newburgh  first  in  1843, 
and  the  Academy  was  then  an  establishment  not  re- 
garded as  a  novelty.  On  the  other  hand,  it  seems 
unlikely  that  a  village,  that  consisted  mostly  of 
saw-mills  in  1825,  and  was  as  yet  without  a  bridge, 
whose  first  merchant  began  business  in  it  in  1828, 
at  the  end  of  a  decade  had  established  a  school,  let 
alone  an  Academy.  1839  seems,  on  the  whole,  the 
most  probable  date.  Although  those  were  the  days 
when  "lickin  and  l'arnin"  went  hand  in  hand,  still 
it  is  hard  to  believe  that  there  is  any  hidden  allu- 
sion to  the  Academy  in  the  statement  that  "John 
Black  started  a  tannery  in  1832  ?" 

Searching  the  old  files  of  the  "Christian  Guard- 
ian," (first  published  in  1828  at  Kingston,  and  soon 
removed  to  muddy  little  York),  if,  haply  therein,  I 
might  find  some  advertisement  or  other  mention  of 
the  beginning  of  Newburgh  Academy,  it  happened 
to  me, — although  unsuccessful  in  my  researches,  yet, 
— like  as  Abraham  Cowley  expresses  it,— 

"The  search  itself  rewards  the  pains  ; 

•"•'   .     .     .  things  well  worth  his  toil  he  gains  ; 

"And  do'es1  his  charge  and  labor  pay 

"With  good,  unsought  experiments  by  the  way." 


30  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

These  informing  glimpses  were  vouchsafed  to 
me, — 

"Napanee,    January  26th,   1841. 
To ;  the  Editor  of  the  Christian  Guardian, — 

In  my  last  communication  I  made  mention  oi  a  meet- 
ing" at  Newburgh.  I  do  consider  this  to  have  been  one  of 
the  most  important  meeting-si  of  the  kind  I  ever  attended. 
The  heathen  name  of  this  place  was  "Rogue's  Hollow",  the 
Christian  name  is  Newburgh.  It  is  new  in  many  respects. 
It  was  once  drunken,  it  is  now  sober,  it  was  once  wicked, 
it  is  now  to  a  very  great  degree  reformed.  This  change 
commenced  some  eighteen  months  ago,  in  the  formation  of 
a  Society  on  the  Total  Abstinence  principle. 

(Sg-d.)     C.  R.   ALLISON." 

"April  7th,  1841. 

Rev.  John  Ryerson's  Journal  : — On  Wednesday  at  six 
o'clock,  we  held  a  me-eting  in  what  is  called  the  Switzer 
neighborhood,  a  place  twenty  miles  distant  from  Adolphus- 
town.  This  is  a  neighborhood  in  the  back  part  of  Ernest- 
town,  embracing  the  most  mrancTous  and  wealthy  body  of 
Methodists  of  any  country  place  I  know  of  within  the 
bounds  of  the  Province,  .  .  .  the  inhabitants  generally 
are  a  most  sober,  industrious  and  respectable  people.  The 
missionary  meeting  which  was  very  numerously  attended, 
was  a  very  poor  one,  made  up  of  long  dry  speeches,  and  a 
thin  collection, — subscriptions  and  all  only  amounted  to 
some  £14,  whereas  they  were,  well  able  to  have  given 
£40.  .  .  .  The  •evening-  after  we  were  at  Switzer 's,  we 
held  a  meeting-  in  the  Village  of  Newburgh,  and  a  most  in- 
teresting and  profitable  festival  it  was.  Newburgh,  which 
lies  on  the  Napanee  River,  about  six  miles  above  the  vil- 
lage of  Napanee,  is  a  very  thriving'  business  place,  of  a 
population  of  200  souls.  The  Village  is  surrounded  by  a 
wealthy,  flourishing  country.  Our  church  is  the  only  place 
of  public  worship  in  it  ;;  indeed  the  inhabitants  are  mostly 
Methodists,  or  Methodistical  in  their  sentiments.  The  cause 
of  temperance  here  seems  to  triumph  OVCT  everything,  the 
great  bo'dy,  of  the  people  are  teetotalers,  and  you  may  sup- 
pose that  with  such  a  society  of  Methodists  and  class  of 
'citizens,  and  on  the  eve  of  a  powerful  and  extensive  revival 
of  religion,  we  could  not  but  have  a  noble  Missionary 
meeting,  and  so  it  was,  the  church  was  literally  crammed 
with  respectable  people.  Dr.  Aylsworth  took  the  chair 
and  opened  the  meeting-  by  a  very  suitable  address,  and 
after  the  speaking-  was  through,  he  introduced  the  subscrip- 
tion by  signing  £2.  His  liberal  example  was  soon  fol- 
lowed with  several  subscriptions  of  a  like  sum,  and  then 
for  less  sums,  until  the  whole  amounted  to  the  handsome 
sum  of  £34.  3s.  3d." 

In  July,  1908,  just  behind  the  Library  Rotunda 
on  Parliament  Hill,  Ottawa,  I  heard  my  father 
say,  "When  I  first  saw  this  spot  it  was  all  covered 
with  pine  stubs.  That  was  in  the  year  1855,  and  I 
was  sent  here  to  By-town,  as  it  was  called  then,  to 
attend  Grand  Lodge,  as  delegate  from  Newburgh 
Division,  Sons  of  Temperance. 


NEWBURGH.  31 

But  Newburgh  had  an  organized  Society  of  tee- 
totalers much  earlier  in  the  century,  for  in  the 
autumn  of  1839,  at  the  tee-totaler's  dinner  held  in 
the  tavern,  when  the  plum  pudding  with  plenty  of 
appropriate  sauce  was  served,  a  wag  of  a  brother 
arose,  and  "begged  leave  to  move  that  no  brother 
having  any  regard  for  the  pledge  be  served  with 
more  than  one  swill  pail  full  of  this  brandy  sauce!" 

In  January,  1852,  the  "Index"  newspaper  was 
established  in  Newburgh.  It  flourished,  more  or 
less,  for  nearly  ten  years,  but  few  numbers  of  it 
are  now  known  to  be  in  existence,  and  these  are  of 
interest  because  of  their  age  and  their  rare  old 
news. 

In  1864,  the  "British  North  American"  began 
to  be  published  in  Newburgh.  Three  or  four  years 
was  the  extent  of  its  career. 

The  "Beaver"  began  in  Newburgh  late  in  1869, 
but  after  a  few  months  waxed  strong  enough  to 
migrate  down  the  river,  and  commenced  to  dam 
Napanee. 

1875  brought  the  first  number  of  the  "Adding- 
ton  Reporter" — not  the  last,  let  us  hope,  but  the 
latest  of  Newburgh 's  newspapers. 

Passages  from  the  "Christian  Guardian"  al- 
ready quoted,  indicate  how  strong  in  the  early  days 
was  Methodism  in  Newburgh.  In  1856  was  begun, 
and  in  October,  1858,  was  dedicated  a  most  com- 
modious stone  church,  by  the  Wesley  an  branch  of 
that  body.  In  1862  the  ^Methodist  Episcopal  con- 
gregation built  a  frame  church  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  village.  A  few  years  later  it  was  burned  to 
the  ground,  and  a  little  afterward  was  erected  the 
stone  church  now  owned  by  the  Presbyterians.  The 
Anglican  church,  also  of  stone,  was  dedicated  in 
1881.  From  an  interesting  account  of  the  dedica- 
tion of  the  new  Wesley  an  edifice,  and  a  description 
of  the  building  published  in  the  "Christian  Guard- 
ian" of  November  }d,  1858,  and  subscribed  "G. 
Dorey,"  the  two  following  sentences  are  taken  : 
"Though  but  a  small  community,  our  Newburgh 
friends  have  erected  a  House  of  Worship  unequalled 
by  any  village  of  equal  size  and  resources  in  the 
Province,  and  which  would  not  disgrace  any  of  its 
cities"  ....  "The  building  is  heated  by  two  hot 
air  furnaces,  and  lighted  by  the  coal  oil  lamp, 
which  for  cheapness,  cleanliness  and  brilliancy 
seems  likely  to  supersede  the  present  modes  of  illu- 
mination, gas  excepted."  We  catch  here  a  vivid 


32  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

glimpse  of  the  old  burgh  by  candle  light. 

In  1858  the  village  achieved  municipal  incorpor- 
ation, Augustus  Hooper  being  the  first  Reeve.  He, 
in  the  County  Council  of  Frontenac,  Lennox  and 
Addington,  assisted  in  the  passing  of  "By-law  No. 
99  for  erecting  the  Village  of  Bath  and  neighbor- 
hood into  an  incorporated  village,  by  the  same 
name,"  (Passed,  23d  Sept.,  1859).  Bath  is  more 
ancient  than  Newburgh  in  some  respects,  but  it 
doth  not  appear  that  it  is  entitled  to  be  any  bigger- 
feeling. 

In  the  minutes  of  the  County  Council  of  Fron- 
tenac, Lennox  and  Addington,  under  date  of  Janu- 
ary 27th,  1857,  we  find  the  following  persons  were 
appointed  Grammar  School  trustees  : — "For  New- 
burgh,  C.  H.  Miller,  Esq.,  reappointed,  and  R.  F. 
Hope,  Esq.,  in  place  of  Dr.  Ruttan  ;  and  Allen 
Caton  in  place  of  the  Rev.  P.  Shirley,  deceased." 

Under  date  of  8th  April.  1857,  "At  2  p.m.,  the 
Council  resumed  and  proceeded  to  the  appointment 
of  local  superintendents  of  schools,  as  follows,  viz  : 
— Upon  motion  of  S.  Warner,  seconded  by  Mr. 
Perry,  Joseph  Parker  for  Camden."  This  is  none 
other  than  the  father  of  Sir  Gilbert  Parker.  At 
that  time  Mr.  Parker,  Sr.,  resided  at  Camden  East, 
where  Sir  Gilbert  was  born.  The  father  of  Sir 
Gilbert's  mother  was  the  late  George  Simmons, 
Esq.,  who  for  a  long  time  was  a  citizen  of  New- 
burgh.  At  that  same  session  of  the  County  Coun- 
cil Mr.  Whelan  brought  up  the  memorial  and  report 
of  the  Trustees  of  the  Newburgh  Model  School. 
Finally  we  find  in  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on 
Finance  this  clause, — "Your  committee  having  ex- 
amined the  report  of  the  Newburgh  Model  School 
would  recommend  that  the  usual  annual  grant  of 
£50.  be  continued  to  that  institution  for  the  pres- 
ent year." 

The  main  line  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  was 
at  first  surveyed  and  located  up  the  valley  of  the 
Napanee  river  as  far  as  Yarker,  and  thence  to- 
wards Kingston.  But  from  this  path  of  rectitude 
the  railway  was  deflected  by  "graft"  and  "in- 
fluence". 

We  have  seen  that  the  late  Dr.  Nelles  was  at 
one  time  Principal  of  Newburgh  Academy.  New- 
burgh was  the  first  Methodist  circuit  travelled  by 
the  Rev.  Chancellor  Burwash,  circa  1861. 

Prince  of  Wales  Lodge,  No.  146,  G.R.C.,  A.  F. 
&  A.  $L,  was  organized  at  Newburgh  in  March, 


NEWBURGH.  33 

1861,  and  its  first  Junior  Warden  was  William  Van 
Pelt  Detlor,  who  was  one  of  the  two  "Primitive 
great  grandsires"  of  the  ancient  burgh. 

A  County  Agricultural  Exhibition  building  was 
erected  in  1864,  upon  the  south  hill  of  Newburgh. 
Therein  annually  a  good  show  was  held,  till  Har- 
rowsmith  in  1892,  snatched  the  exhibition  from  the 
village  unawares,  and  left  its  "palace"  desolate,— 
an  unneighborly  act,  which  Tamworth  a  few  years 
later  avenged  by  swooping  down  upon  the  annual 
meeting  at  Harrowsmith  and  returned  to  her  north- 
ern fastness  triumphant  with  the  spoil  ! 

In  those  by-gone  days,  1856-66,  the  great 
American  Travelling  Circus  frequently  pitched  its 
temporary  tent  upon  Newburgh 's  vacant  lots. 

One  of  the  first  cheese  factories  in  Canada  was 
opened  in  Newburgh  in  1864.  It  is  "still  doing 
business  upon  the  old  stand",  and  its  monthly  di- 
vidends are  much  admired  and  appreciated. 

In  1865,  Newburgh  became  the  place  of  holding 
the  Fourth  Division  Court  in  I/ennox  and  Adding- 
ton,  Isaac  J.  Lockwood  being  Clerk,  Homer  Spen- 
cer, Bailiff,  and  the  first  suitor,  Robert  Forsythe 
Hope. 

It  may  be  that  matches  matrimonial  are  made 
in  heaven,  but  in  the  early  sixties,  when  I  was  a 
small  boy,  going  home  from  school,  I  have  lingered 
many  a  time  to  watch  the  process  of  manufacture 
of  the  hand  made  lucifer  matches,  carried  on  by  a 
company  of  men,  women  and  boys  in  the  "Irish- 
town"  suburb  of  Newburgh. 

From  Valley  Forge,  Penn.,  to  Newburgh,  in 
1870,  came  the  Thomson  family,  and  established 
paper  mills.  Later,  a  short  distance  down  the 
river  from  Newburgh  another  large  paper  mill  was 
erected,  and  still  later,  at  a  less  distance  up  the 
river  from  the  village,  a  third  group  of  paper  mills 
was  established  by  the  same  people. 

In  1876,  the  bridge  carrying  Main  street  New- 
burgh over  the  larger  branch  of  the  Napanee  River, 
was  swept  away.  The  village  replaced  it  with  a 
new  wooden  structure  which  lasted  till  1908,  when 
the  County  Council  of  Lennox  and  Addington  built 
a  new  village  bridge  of  iron  and  concrete. 

1884  made  Newburgh  happy  with  a  rural  rail- 
way. 

Sept. 7th,  1887,  a  Trojan  conflagration  swept 
through  and  across  the  village,  and  without  doubt, 
would  have  effaced  it  utterly,  but  for  the  arrival 


34  LENNOX   AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

(thanks  to  the  railway)  of  Napanee's  fire  engine  and 
brigade.  Kighty-four  buildings  were  burned  to  the 
ground  ;  comprising  every  shop  or  store  of  any 
sort,  and  many  dwellings.  Twice  before  and  twice 
since  has  Newburgh  suffered  grievously  from  fire, 
but  1887  was  by  far  the  worst.  In  1864  Lake's 
carriage  shops  and  the  surrounding  buildings  went 
up  in  flames!  in  the  night  time.  In  January,  1872, 
the  Academy  building  was  gutted  by  fire.  While 
the  new  building  was  being  built  the  Grammar 
School  found  a  habitation  in  the  basement  of  the 
Methodist  church,  and  the  public  school  in  the  hall 
of  the  Division  Sons  of  Temperance.  In  1902,  the 
Madden  grist  mill  and  Stickney's  foundry  and 
agricultural  implement  works  were  burned,  and 
finally, — it  is  to  be  hoped  finally, —  in  1908,  there 
was  a  more  than  sufficiently  destructive  blaze,  for 
the  second  time  checked  and  extinguished,  not  a 
moment  too  soon,  by  the  Napanee  Fire  Brigade. 

In  the  latter  years  of  the  decade  between  1890 
and  1900,  Newburgh  became  celebrated  among  vil- 
lages for  electric  lights,  profusion  of  patriotic  flags 
and  high  taxes. 

The  Methodist  church  built  in  1856-8,  was  plan- 
ned large  in  order  to  accommodate  the  expansion, 
at  that  time  not  unreasonably  expected.  But  in 
common  with  nearly  all  other  Ontario  villages  and 
smaller  towns,  growth  has  been  slow,  chiefly  owing 
to  the  opening  of  the  vast  "last,  best  West."  This 
needlessly  large  church  was  adorned  with  a  pipe 
organ  in  1899,  the  gift  of  the  late  John  Shibley,  to 
honor  the  memory  of  his  parents. 

The  2oth  century  has  brought  to  the  village 
long  stretches  of  cement  pavement,  also  a  fire  en- 
gine and  volunteer  company,  but  as  yet  we  worry 
along  without  any  lock-up,  stocks,  pillory  or  police 
man. 

Travellers  note  the  uncommon  "tone"  of  the 
town,  traceable  directly  to  the  Academy,  to  which 
the  brightest  young  folk  from  the  surrounding 
townships  flock  like  doves  to  the  windows.  New- 
burgh is  not  large  enough  to  afford  to  these 
"boarders"  much  distraction,  and  on  the  other 
hand,  there  is  little  opportunity  for  any  boy  or 
girl  to  go  far  wrong  in  so  small  a  community, 
without  being  both  noticed  and  checked  in  time. 

The  Academy  is  the  ancient  glory  and  the  pres- 
ent pride  of  the  community.  Established  when  the 
community  was  very  young,  we  find  it  flourishing 


NEWBURGH.  35 

under  the  governance  of  a  Presbyterian  minister, 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Wightman  in  the  years  immediately 
following  the  subsidence  of  the  Rebellion  (1837-8). 
The  words  of  Dr.  Hodgins  have  been  quoted  already 
concerning  the  Rev.  Dr.  Nelles  and  Newburgh  Aca- 
demy. As  early  as  1844  the  Academy  became  a 
Model  School.  After  Dr.  Nelles'  promotion,  Mr. 
David  Beach  was  Head  Master.  In  his  day  the 
annual  examination  and  exhibition  of  Newburgh 
Academy  was  looked  forward  to  by  the  whole 
country  side,  as  almost  a  local  Olympic.  Parti- 
tions so  built  as  to  make  the  operation  easy,  were 
entirely  removed,  and  the  whole  upper  flat  of  the 
large  new  building  (whose  first  occupation  the  "In- 
dex" dates  at  1 8  si)-,  was  thus  thrown  into  one  huge 
hall.  The  hall  would  be  filled  to  its  capacity  for 
three  successive  days,  with  the  relatives  and  friends 
of  the  "scholars",  delighted  to  attend  the  public 
examinations,  dialogues,  essays,  orations,  spelling 
matches,  addresses  and  distribution  of  prizes. 

After  Mr.  Beach,  came  the  Rev.  William  Lewin, 
B.A.,  as  Principal.  In  1906  I  saw  the  Rev.  gentle- 
man at  Napanee.  The  hale  old  man,  upwards  of 
eighty- two  years  of  age,  was  laughingly  recalling 
how  he  resigned  the  Head  Mastership  of  Newburgh 
Academy  in  1863,  because  of  "broken  health." 

John  Campbell,  M.A.,  from  Victoria  Univer- 
sity, followed  Mr.  Lewin,  teaching  till  1871.  It 
was  in  his  day  that,  in  all,  between  a  dozen  and  a 
score  of  youths  from  the  Bahama  Islands  came  to 
be  educated  at  Newburgh  Academy.  The  Rev.  Mr. 
Cheeseborough  wrote  from  Nassau,  New  Providence, 
Bahama  Isles,  to  the  Rev.  E.  Rverson,  Chief  Super- 
intendent of  Education,  asking  him  to  recommend 
a  good  school,  in  a  suitable  locality,  etc.,  whereto 
boys  might  be  sent  for  education.  Mr.  Cheese- 
borough  stated  that  as  suitable  schools  in  the 
West  Indies  were  not  to  be  had,  and  as  sending 
their  sons  to  England  was  more  costly  than  satis- 
factory, and  sending  them  to  the  "United  States 
would  be  exposing  them  to  learn  too  much,  several 
white  gentlemen  of  Nassau  had  in  view  the  educa- 
tion of  their  sons  in  Upper  Canada.  Chief  Super- 
intendent Ryerson  recommended  Newburgh  Aca- 
demy and  John  Campbell,  M.A.  The  Southern 
youths  came,  and  they  revolutionized  voung  New- 
burgh. 

After  Mr.  Campbell,  other  distinguished  Princi- 
pals of  Newburgh  Academy  have  been  :  A.  Me- 


36  LENNOX   AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Clatchie,  M.A.,  Mr.  Carlyle,  (nephew  of  Thomas 
Carlyle,  the  prober  of  shams),  P.  L-  Borland,  Chas, 
Wynn- Williams,  H.  I,.  Wilson,  now  of  John  Hop- 
kins' University,  and  D.  A.  Nesbit,  since  Inspector 
of  Public  Schools. 

Mitchell's  Directory,  published  in  Toronto  1865, 
affords  us  this  glimpse  : — "Newburgh  possesses  a 
large  and  elegant  academy,  where  the  higher 
branches  of  an  English  and  Classical  education  are 
taught.  The  Common  school  isiin  the  same  build- 
ing, under  the  charge  of  H.  M.  Deroche." 

One  of  the  earlier  Inspectors  of  Grammar 
Schools  in  his  report  to  the  Chief  Superintendent 
of  Education  for  Upper  Canada  discusses  the  ad- 
visability of  extending  degree-conferring  powers  to 
Newburgh  Academy  and  to  some  other  early 
schools  of  equal  efficiency. 

The  High  School  Act  of  1891,  by  providing  that 
County  Councils  should  contribute  proportionately 
to  the  support  of  High  Schools  where  County  pupils 
receive  education,  worked  a  great  benefit  to  New- 
burgh  Academy,  relieving  a  small  and  unfortunate 
village  community  of  a  portion  of  the  heavy  and 
long  and  patiently  borne  financial  burden  of  its 
maintenance. 

Newburgh  deserves  well  of  this  country  for  its 
Academy's  sake.  It  has  given  to  the  churches  a 
great  host  of  eminent  and  distinguished  reverend 
gentlemen,  of  school  teachers  beyond  computation , 
and  of  physicians  far  too  many  to  be  named.  Upon 
each  of  the  three  contiguous  counties  composing  the 
old  Midland  District,  Frontenac,  Lennox  and  Ad- 
dington  and  Hastings,  Newburgh  Academy  has  con- 
ferred its  Judge  upon  the  bench.  Of  other  learned 
lawyers  and  able  statesmen,  orators  and  politicians 
a  multitude, — who  shall  number  them  ?  And  of 
these  last,  every  man  a  patriot. 

In  all  seriousness,  the  Village  of  Newburgh,  in 
its  "sequestered  vale,"  merits  an  ample  wreath  of 
praise,  for  "it  is  the  essence  of  justice  to  render  to 
every  one  that  which  is  due." 

Newrburgh,  Ont.,  9th  December,   1909. 


THE     FIRST     TELEGRAPH    OFFICE     IN 
NAPANEE. 

BY    MRS.    JOHN    PERRY    HAWLEY. 

Introductory.— A  few  years  ago  Mr.  Thomas 
Casey  wrote  to  Mr.  William  Peck,  at  Albury, 
Prince  Edward  County,  (where  Mr.  Peck  now  re- 
sides), to  secure  the  facts  mentioned  in  this  paper 
for  his  collection  of  "Old  Time  Records".  Before 
the  reply  reached  Mr.  Casey  he  had  contracted  the 
illness  which  proved  to  be  his  last,  and  the  matter 
was  dropped.  Hearing  that  Mrs.  Casey  had  de- 
posited Mr.  Casey's  entire  collection  with  the 
Lennox  and  Addington  Historical  Society,  and 
knowing  of  his  wish  to  have  the  facts  given  in  this 
paper,  I  have  taken  the  liberty  to  finish  what  Mr. 
Casey  had  started. 

MRS.  JOHN  PERRY  HAWLEY, 

Niece  of  the  late  Judge  Peck. 

Napanee,  April,  1908. 


In  the  fall  of  the  year  1852  the  Great  Western 
Telegraph  Company  sent  a  young  man  by  the  name 
of  Samuel  Stanley  Peck  to  Napanee,  to  open  a 
telegraph  office.  Mr.  Peck's  home  was  in  Prince 
Edward  County,  across  the  Bay  of  Quinte  from 
Trenton,  which  was  then  called  "River  Trent".  He 
made  the  journey  to  Napanee  by  stage  coming  by 
way  of  the  Carrying  Place,  as  that  neck  of  land 
now  cut  by  the  Murray  Canal,  was  then  called. 
The  roads  at  that  time  were  very  bad,  particularly 
the  one  through  the  Indian  Woods. 

The  first  office  was  opened  in  the  second  story 
of  a  frame  building  opposite  where  the  Campbell 
House  now  stands.  Mr.  Alexander  Campbell  kept 
a  store  and  the  postoffice  on  the  ground  floor, 
which  was  in  charge  of  Mr.  John  Taylor,  his  step- 
son, who  now  resides  in  Belleville.  This  first  office 
was  occupied  by  the  Telegraph  Company  for  about 
a  year,  when  the  office  was  moved  east  about  two 
blocks  to  a  room  over  the  store  of  the  late  Henry 
T.  Forward.  This  store  was  on  the  south  side  of 


38      LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

Dundas  street,  and  about  opposite  the  store  of  the 
late  G.  H.  Davey,  nearly  as  far  east  as  the  Brick 
Hotel,  (presumably  the  Brisco  House). 

In  the  Spring  of  1853,  Mr.  Peck's  younger  bro- 
ther, William,  came  to  Napanee  from  Albury, 
Prince  Edward  County,  to  learn  to  operate.  And 
as  the  telegraph  business  was  a  new  venture  and 
in  its  infancy,  it  was  not  on  a  paying  basis  by  any 
means.  Accordingly  a  toy  shop  was  added  to  help 
pay  expenses. 

When  the  office  was  first  opened  for  business  it 
caused  a  grea.t  amount  of  excitement.  A  holiday 
was  given  to  the  school  children,  who  with  their 
teacher,  came  to  the  office  to  see  the  instruments, 
the  smaller  children  preceeding  the  older  ones.  One 
man  walked  over  twenty  miles  to  see  if  the  stories 
he  had  heard  from  his  friends  and  neighbors  to  the 
effect  that  one  could  send  a  message  from  Napanee 
to  Kingston  by  wire,  were  true.  He  went  to  the 
office  and  saw  the  instrument,  but  was  by  no  means 
convinced,  and  asked  when  a  message  would  be 
sent.  On  being  told  that  one  would  go  in  half  an 
hour,  he  went  to  Roblin's  Hill,  sat  down  on  a 
friendly  stone,  and  waited  for  results.  At  last  he 
came  back  disgusted,  and  told  Mr.  Peck  that  "the 
thing  was  no  good".  He  had  waited  two  hours 
and  "the  thing  never  went  at  all."  Another  man, 
who  was  greatly  taken  with  the  new  office,  was 
our  old  friend,  Billie  Appleby.  He  would  dodge  in 
and  out  of  the  office  at  all  times  in  the  day,  and 
when  the  operator  wished  to  be  alone,  Billie  was 
usually  sent  on  some  errand  and  told  not  to  hurry. 
A  bag  of  peanuts  was  sufficient  pay  for  him. 

In  the  fall  of  the  year,  1853,  Samuel  Stanley 
Peck  left  the  office  in  charge  of  his  brother,  and 
moved  to  Miriden,  in  Haliburton  County,  where  he 
began  the  study  of  law.  For  years  he  was  elected 
as  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Parliament  of  On- 
tario, and  later  was  appointed  a  Judge  for  the 
County  of  Haliburton.  Pie  died  a  few  years  ago  at 
Petaluma,  California,  where  he  had  gone  in  search 
of  health  for  an  invalid  daughter. 

Mr.  William  Peck  kept  the  telegraph  office  until 
the  following  year,  when  he  sold  it  to  our  late 
townsman,  Mr.  John  Benson,  a  son  of  Mr.  John 
Benson,  the  first  Customs  House  officer  in  Napanee. 
I/ater  Mr.  Benson  sold  it  to  two  sisters  by  the 
name  of  Bingham,  who  had  their  office  down  near 
the  old  flour  mill. 


THE    FIRST    TELEGRAPH    OFFICE    IN    NAPANEE.  39 

Mr,  Peck  did  not  revisit  Napanee  for  over  fifty 
years,  and  on  this  second  trip  he  came  by  steam- 
boat. Naturally,  he  found  the  place  considerably 
changed.  In  place  of  a  village  he  found  a  flourish- 
ing country  town,  but  nothing  was  left  of  his  first 
old  telegraph  office  to  remind  him  of  the  twelve 
months  spent  here.  One  familiar  sight  met  his 
eye — Billy  Appleby — going  down  Centre  street  with 
his  soap  cart.  He  saluted  him  with  the  old 
familiar  "Hello  Billy",  and  tried  to  engage  him  in 
conversation,  but  Billy  would  not  talk  of  anything 
but  soap,  and  forthwith  offered  the  contents  of  the 
pail  for  15  cents.  As  Mr.  Peck  was  looking  for  old 
landmarks  rather  than  trade,  it  is  needless  to  say 
the  offer  was  rejected. 

Of  all  the  young  men  of  those  early  days,  with 
whom  Mr.  Peck  associated,  in  his  fun  and  frolics, 
charivaris,  cornroasts  and  dances,  only  one  remain- 
ed, our  esteemed  townsman,  John  T.  Grange,  Esq. 


COPIES    OF    ORIGINAL    DOCUMENTS    FROM 
THE  COLLECTION  OF  THE  SOCIETY. 


IN  MEMORIAM.— B.   C.  DAVY,   ESQ.,   FIRST 
MAYOR  OF  NAPANEE  (1874). 

We  very  much  regret  the  painful  duty  to-day  of 
announcing  the  decease  of  our  late  fellow  towns- 
man, Benjamin  C.  Davy,  Esq.,  which  sad  event 
took  place  at  his  residence  in  Kingston,  on  Tues- 
day morning  last,  about  midnight.  (February 
10,  1874). 

Mr.  Davy  was  born  at  Bath,  in  1829,  and  was 
the  third  son  of  Peter  Davy,  Esq.,  J.P.  He  was 
educated  at  the  Bath  Academy,  studied  law  with 
Sir  John  A.  MacDonald,  and  was  called  to  the  bar 
at  the  age  of  21  years.  He  first  opened  an  office  in 
Bath,  then  in  Kingston,  and  finally  settled  in  Napa- 
nee,  where  for  some  22  years  he  practised  his  pro- 
fession. He  was  the  first  Mayor  of  the  Town, 
which  office  he  held  for  three  years,  and  was  an 
active  and  intelligent  member  of  the  community. 
About  two  years  ago  he  visited  Manitoba,  with  the 
intention  of  settling,  but  ill  health  compelled  him 
to  return,  and  in  July  last  he  removed  to  the  City 
of  Kingston.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  late 
election  in  behalf  of  Sir  John  MacDonald.  Hard 
work  and  the  exposure  to  the  cold  weather  told 
heavily  upon  his  constitution,  and  an  attack  of 
congestion  of  the  lungs  and  pneumonia,  the  gravity 
of  which  was  not  suspected  until  a  day  or  two  be- 
fore his  death,  proved  fatal.  He  was  a  genial 
wholesouled  gentleman,  known  to  many,  and  count- 
ing a  host  of  friends. 

He  married  a  Miss  MacKay,  of  Montreal, 
whom,  with  his  large  family,  have  the  deepest 
sympathy  of  all  our  citizens  in  their  severe  bereave- 
ment, more  especially  as  it  is  attended  with  the 
illness  of  two  other  members  of  the  family.  At  a 
meeting  of  the  Kingston  Bar  on  Tuesday  last,  re- 
solutions of  regret  and  sympathy  were  passed  at 
the  death  of  their  late  brother. 

His  remains  were  interred  at  St.  John's  Church 
at  Bath,  in  presence  of  a  large  concourse  of  friends 
and  neighbors,  with  Masonic  honors,  of  which 
order  he  had  been  for  many  years,  an  active  mem- 
ber. 


COPIES   OF  ORIGINAL   DOCUMENTS.  41 

ASSIGNMENT  OF  A  SLAVE  (1824). 

Assignment  of  a  Melato  Boy  from  Eli  Keeler, 
of  the  Township  of  Haldimand,  County  of  North- 
umberland, in  the  District  of  Newcastle,  to  William 
Bell,  of  Thurlow,  County  of  Hastings,  Midland 
District,  Province  of  Upper  Canada. 

To  all  to  Whom  these  Presents  shall  come  :  I, 
EH  Keeler,  of  the  District  of  Newcastle,  send 
Greeting.  Whereas  my  apprentice,  a  Melato  Boyx 
named  Tom,  hath  Divers  years  yet  to  come  and 
unexpired  of  His  time  of  service  to  Wit  :  ten  years 
from  the  twenty-ninth  Day  of  February,  one  thous- 
and, eight  hundred  and  twenty-four,  as  by  his  age 
and  the  time  of  his  servitude  will  appear  according 
to  the  Laws  of  this  Province  made  concerning  the 
children  of  female  slaves  to  continue  until  they 
attain  the  age  of  twenty-five  years  :  Now  know  ye, 
that  I,  the  said  EH  Keeler  for  Divers  Good  Causes 
and  considerations  me  hereunto  moving,  have 
Given,  Granted  Assigned  and  set  over,  and  by 
these  Presents,  do  fully  and  Absolutely,  Give, 
Grant  and  Set  over,  unto  William  Bell  of  Thurlow, 
his  Heirs  and  assigns,  all  such  right,  title,  duty, 
time  of  years  to  come,  service  and  demand  what- 
soever which  I,  the  said  Eli  Keeler,  have  in  or  to 
the  said  Melatto  Boy  Tom,  or  which  I  may  or 
ought  to  have  in  him  by  force  or  virtue  of  his  hav- 
ing been  born  a  slave  and  Bound  to  Remain  with 
me  until  he  hath  attained  the  full  age  of  twenty- 
five  years,  and  according  to  the  Statute  of  this 
Province  made  and  Provided,  Respecting  the  Liber- 
ation of  the  children  of  Female  Slaves,  and  more- 
ever,  I,  the  said  Eli  Keeler,  do  by  these  Presents, 
Covenant,  promise  and  agree  to  and  with  the  said 
William  Bell,  his  Executors  and  administrators, 
that  notwithstanding  anything  by  me,  the  said 
Eli  Keeler,  to  be  Done  to  the  contrary,  the  said 
Melato  boy  Tom  shall  during  the  term  of  ten  years, 
well  and  truly  the  said  William  Bell,  as  his  master, 
and  his  commandments,  Lawful  and  Honest  shall 
do,  and  from  his  service  shall  not  absent 
himself  during  the  said  term  Provided  the 
said  William  Bell  shall  well  instruct  and  use  him 
the  said  Melato  boy  Tom,  and  shall  also  during 
the  same  term  find  and  alow  unto  the  said  Tom, 
sufficient  meat,  Drink,  Apparal,  washing,  lodgings, 
and  all  other  thing  Needful  or  meet  for  an  Appren- 
tice. 


42  LENNOX    AND   ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

in  Witness  Whereof,  i,  the  above  named  Eli 
Keeler,  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  seal  in  the 
Presence  of  the  under  mentioned  Witness  at  Thur- 
low  in  the  midland  District  and  province  of  Upper 
Canada,  this  day  of  March,  1824,  for  the 

sum  of  75  dollars  or  say  £16-5-0,  Lawfull  money 
of  this  Province, — the  Receipt  of  Which  is  Acknow- 
ledged by  the  said  E.  Keeler. 


SCHOOL  TEACHER'S   CONTRACT    (1818). 

This  agreement  made  this  ninth  day  of  May, 
One  Thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighteen,  between 
Robert  Laing,  Teacher,  of  the  first  part,  and  the 
other  Subscribers  hereto,  Inhabitants  of  Hallowel, 
of  the  Second  part,  Witnesseth, — That  the  said 
Party  of  the  first  part  engages  to  keep  a  good 
School,  according  to  his  ability,  and  to  teach  Read- 
ing, Writing  and  Arithmetic,  if  required,  for  one 

Quarter  to  commence  on next,     at 

the  School  house  nearest  to  Daniel  Leavens,  and 
William  Clark,  in  the  Second  Concession  of  the  said 
Township.  That  he  is  to  keep  school  from  eight 
o'clock  till  twelve,  and  from  half  after  one  till  five 
o'clock  each  School  day  ;  the  remainder  of  the 
time,  and  every  second  Saturday  to  be  at  his  own 
disposal,  but  he  is  to  be  allowed  the  liberty  used  by 
other  teachers,  of  being  absent  at  other  times,  if  he 
should  require  it,  and  make  up  for  the  same.  That 
in  a  general  way  he  is  to  cause  the  scholars  to  say 
six  lessons  each  day  besides  tasks,  if  practicable, 
but  is  nevertheless  subject  to  reasonable  directions 
respecting  the  School  from  the  said  Daniel  Leavens 
and  William  Clark,  who  are  hereby  acknowledged 
Trustees  thereof — And  the  said  party  of  the  second 
part  doth  promise,  according  to  the  number  of 
Scholars  subscribed  for  by  each  of  them  respectively 
to  pay  the  said  Robert  Lain^r,  at  the  rate  of  Twelve 
dollars  and  a  half  per  month  ;  whereof  one  half  in 
Cash  at  the  end  of  the  Quarter,  and  the  other  in 
orders  or  other  value  Monthly,  if  requested,  and  to 
furnish  him  with  board,  lodging  and  washing,  as 
aforesaid,  during  the  said  term,  And  if  the  said 
Trustees,  for  good  cause,  should  desire  him  to  re- 
tire from  the  said  Employment  before  the  time 
above  appointed,  he  is  to  be  naid  for  the  days  he 
has  kept  at  the  rate  of  Twenty-four  to  the  month— 


COPIES  OP  ORIGINAL  DOCUMENTS.  43 

In  Witness  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  severally 
and  respectively  subscribed  our  names  the  day  and 
year  first  herein  written — 

ROBERT  LAING,  Teacher. 

Number  subscribed 
Subscribers  for  Scholars.  by  each. 

Daniel  Leavens 2 

William  Clark 3 

/2 


John   Huff.  l/ 


Eli  McConnell % 

Norman  Leo  Harvey I 

Henry  Gerow % 

Abraham  Greene 1% 

Reuben  Burlingham i% 

Peter  Leavens. 1% 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  NAPANEE  CLUB 
LIBRARY   (1853). 

PROSPECTUS    OF    THE    NAPANEE    CLUB    LIBRARY,    OF    VALUABLE 

STANDARD    LITERATURE.    EMBRACING    THE    VARIOUS 

DEPARTMENTS  OF  HUMAN  KNOWLEDGE.   ETC. 

To  be  composed  of  540  Volumes,  nearly  all  in 
Leather  or  half  Leather  binding,  and  got  up  ex- 
pressly for  Libraries  ;  to  belong  exclusively  to  the 
Club  of  Shareholders,  and  to  be  kept  at  Napanee 
for  their  own  use  and  benefit,  by  a  Librarian  ap- 
pointed by  themselves  ;  with  a  Branch  or  branches 
if  necessary. 

Each  share  taken,  shall  entitle  the  Subscriber 
to  a  vote  in  Electing  the  President,  Secretary, 
Treasurer,  Librarian,  and  a  Committee  to  receive 
the  Books  and  draft  a  Constitution  and  By-laws  ; 
and,  when  paid,  to  draw  Books. 

It  is  understood  that  each  member  shall  have 
the  right  to  draw  from  the  Library,  at  the  same 
time,  as  many  Books  as  he  holds  shares,  and  when 
read  to  exchange  them. 

The  Price  of  shares,  one  Pound  Canada  Cur- 
rency, payable  to  Geo.  C.  Tremaine  or  bearer,  on 
delivering  the  Books  in  good  Condition. 


MINUTES    OF    THE    PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE    NAPANEE    CLUB 
LIBRARY. 

At  a  meeting,  called  by  Mr,  Tremaine,    of    the 


44  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Stockholders  of  the  "Napanee  Club  Library",  which 
was  held  at  the  Court  House,  for  the  purpose  of 
receiving  the  Books,  &c.,  &c., 

The  Rev.  W.  B.  Lauder  was  called  to  the  Chair, 
and  Mr.  Jas.  F.  Bartles  appointed  Secretary. 

Messrs.  John  Stevenson,  H.  Acton  and  Jas.  F. 
Bartles  were  appointed  a  Committee  to  examine 
and  receive  the  books  from  Mr.  Tremaine. — And, 

The  following  persons  were  appointed  a  Com- 
mittee to  draft  a  Constitution  and  By-laws  to  be 
submitted  to  the  Stockholders,  for  said  "Club 
Library",  viz.  :— Messrs.  Rev.  W.  B.  Lauder,  A. 
Templeton,  D.  Roblin,  Wm.  McGillivray,  J.  Steven- 
son, J.  Blakely,  D.  McPherson,  J.  Grange,  Alex. 
Campbell,  B.  C.  Davy,  R.  Esson,  H.  Acton  and  J. 
Benson. 

COMMITTEE'S   RECEIPT   FOR   BOOKS. 

Received,  Napanee,  2ist  November,  1853,  from 
Geo.  C.  Tremaine,  Esq.,  in  good  order  and  condi- 
tion the  books  for  the  Napanee  Club  Library  ; 
equal  in  quantity,  quality,  and  value  to  the  Cata- 
logue. 

H.  ACTON, 
JAMES  F.  BARTLES. 
'JAMES  BLAKELY. 

Committee  of  three  to  examine  and  receive  the  books. 

*  Chosen  by  Mr.  Acton  and  Bartles  in  place  of 
Mr.  Stevenson  he  being  absent. 

Napanee,   2d  Dec.,   1853. 

At  a  meeting,  called  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Committee,  to  be  held  at  the  Court  Plouse,  on  this 
evening,  Rev.  W.  B.  Lauder  in  the  Chair. 

For  the  purpose  of  submitting  a  draft  of  a 
Constitution  and  By-laws,  to  the  Stockholders,  by 
the  Committee,  appointed  at  a  previous  meeting. 
The  draft  of  the  Constitution  and  By-laws  were  read 
by  one  of  the  Committee,  when  it  was  moved  and 
seconded,  that  before  taking  up  the  Constitution 
and  By-laws,  the  Prospectus  of  the  Club  Library 
be  read,  to  ascertain  if  the  Constitution  and  By- 
laws were  in  accordance  with  it.  After  having  been 
warmly  discussed,  the  motion  was  put,  and  almost 
unanimously  agreed  to. 

The  Prospectus  was  then  read  by  the  Secretary 
which  was  found  not  to  coincide  with  the  action 
taken  by  the  Committee,  they  having  elected,  from 
amongst  themselves  the  officers  of  the  Association. 


COPIES   OF   ORIGINAL   DOCUMENTS.  45 

Part  of  the  Committee,  on  whose  hands  were 
the  draft  of  the  Constitution  and  By-laws,  refused 
to  submit  the  Constitution  and  By-laws  to  the 
Stockholders,  unless  they  fully  confirmed  the  action 
they  had  taken.  The  Stockholders  approved  of  the 
action  of  the  Committee,  in  so  far  as  they  had  com- 
plied with  the  prospectus. 

The  Chairman  and  part  of  the  Committee  then 
withdrew  from  the  meeting. 

Mr.  John  King  was  then  called  to  the  Chair, 
and  Mr.  Jas.  Grange  requested  to  act  as  Secretary, 
when  it  was  moved  by  Mr.  Titus  F.  Brown,  second- 
ed by  Mr.  T.  Beeman,  and 

Resolved — That  the  Committee  appointed  at  the 
first  meeting  to  draft  a  Constitution  and  By-laws 
for  this  Association,  be  requested  to  present  such 
draft  at  a  general  meeting  of  the  Stockholders,  on 
Monday,  I2th  inst.,  at  7  o'clock  p.m.,  and  that 
the  officers  of  this  Association  be  arroointed  at  that 
meeting  to  be  held  at  the  Court  House,  Napanee. 

Napanee,   Dec.   12,    1853. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Stockholders  of  the  Napa- 
nee Club  Library  held  this  evening  at  the  Court 
House,  James  Wilson,  Esq.,  was  called  to  the 
Chair,  and  James  Grange  acting  Secretary. 

A  draft  of  a  Constitution  was  submitted  by  Mr. 
James  Blakely,  which  was  read. 

It  was  moved  by  C.  James,  seconded  by  A. 
Fraser,  and 

Resolved — That  this  meeting  considers  that  the 
Committee,  appointed  at  the  first  meeting  of  the 
Association,  had  no  legal  right  to  elect  the  officers 
of  this  Association,  but  that  their  proceedings,  so 
far  as  the  receiving  of  the  books  in  trust  for  the 
Association  and  drafting  a  Constitution  and  By- 
laws, be  approved. 

Moved  by  Abraham  Fraser,  seconded  by  John 
Gibbard,  and 

Resolved — That  we  recognize  the  draft  of  a 
Constitution  presented  by  Mr.  Blakely,  (one  of  the 
Committee  appointed  to  draft  the  same),  as  coming 
legally  before  this  meeting. 

The  Constitution  was  then  taken  up  section  by 
section,  and  adopted  with  a  few  amendments. 


CONSTITUTION. 

Article  I. — This  Association  shall  be  known  as 
the  Napanee  Club  Library. 


46  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Article  II. — The  Officers  shall  consist  of  a  Presi- 
dent, two  Vice-Presidents,  Secretary,  Treasurer  and 
L/ibrarian,  who  shall  be  appointed  annually  by  a 
majority  of  the  Stockholders  present  at  each  an- 
nual meeting.  Fifteen  Stockholders  shall  form  a 
quorum,  at  any  regular  special  meeting. 

Article  III.— It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Presi- 
dent, or,  in  his  absence,  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents, 
to  preside  over  the  meetings  of  this  Association, 
and  give  the  casting  vote,  on  all  matters,  when  a 
tie  may  occur  ;  to  direct  the  Secretary,  to  call 
special  meetings,  when  applications  shall  be  made 
in  writing  by  ten  members  of  the  Association. 

Article  IV. — The  Secretary  shall  keep  a  fair 
and  impartial  record  of  the  proceedings  of  the 
Association  ;  receive  all  moneys,  and  pay  the  same 
over  to  the  Treasurer,  taking  his  receipt  for  the 
same  ;  and  shall  make  out,  at  the  expiration  of  his 
term,  a  full  report  of  the  transactions  of  the  Asso- 
ciation for  the  past  vear. 

Article  V. — it  shall  be  the  dutv  of  the  Treasurer 
to  pay  all  orders  drawn  on  him  by  the  President, 
attested  by  the  Secretary,  and  none  others.  He 
shall  receive  and  hold  all  moneys  of  the  Association 
unless  otherwise  ordered — and  shall  keep  a  full  and 
correct  account  of  all  monevs  received  and  expend- 
ed, and  deliver  up  to  his  successor,  when  legally 
called  upon  to  do  so,  all  moneys,  papers,  books, 
&c.,  belonging  to  his  offce. 

Article  VI.— It  shall  be  the  dutv  of  the  Librar- 
ian to  take  charge  of  the  Books,  and  to  be  governed 
by  such  By-laws,  and  regulations,  as  may  be  adopt- 
ed by  the  Association. 

Article  VII.— The  Annual  Meeting  of  the  As- 
sociation shall  be  held  on  the  second  Tuesday  in 
December,  in  each  vear,  and  regular  Quarterly  meet- 
ings on  the  second  Tuesdays  in  March,  June  and 
September,  at  six  o'clock  p.m. 

A  Article  VIII.— Each  Stockholder  shall  have  as 
many  votes  as  he  holds  shares,  and  may  either  vote 
in  person  or  by  proxv. 

Article  IX.— Each  stockholder  shall  have  the 
privilege  of  transferring  his  share,  or  shares,  by 
giving  notice  of  such  transfer  to  the  Secretary,  who 
shall  thereupon  enter  the  name  of  such  party  in  the 
books  of  the  Association. 

Article  X. — The  Secretary  shall  give  two  weeks' 
notice  of  such  regular  meeting,  and  at  least,  one 
week's  notice  of  any  special  meeting,  stating  in 


COPIES  OF   ORIGINAL  DOCUMENTS.  47 

such  notice  the  object  of  such  special  meeting,  and 
that  such  notices  be  published  in  the  newspapers 
printed  in  this  village. 

Article  XI.— No  part  of  the  Constitution  or  By- 
laws shall  be  altered,  or  amended,  unless  at  a  re- 
gular, annual  or  quarterly  meeting  of  the  Associa- 
tion, and  not  then,  unless  notice  of  such  proposed 
alteration  or  amendment  be  given  at  the  regular 
meeting,  next  preceeding  such  regular  meeting. 

The  following  persons  were  elected  officers  of 
the  Association,  for  the  ensuing  year,  viz.  : — 

D.   ROBLIN,  Esq.,   President.  C.    JAMES,   Secretary. 

R.   ESSON.   Esq.,   Vice-president.        J.   BLAKELY,  Treasurer. 
JOHN  KING.  Vioe-President.  J.   GRANGE.  Librarian. 

Messrs.  Gibbard,  W.  V.  Detlor,  King,  Herring 
and  James,  were  appointed  a  Committee  to  draft 
By-laws,  to  be  submitted  to  the  Stockholders  on 
Tuesday  evening,  the  2oth  inst. 

Resolved — That  the  Librarian,  Mr.  James 
Grange,  be  required  to  call  upon  the  Committee 
appointed  heretofore,  to  receive  the  books  from  Mr. 
Tremaine,  and  requests  them  to  deliver  the  books 
to  him,  in  behalf  of  the  Stockholders,  and  that  the 
President  and  Secretary  be  required  to  give  an 
order  on  the  Committee  for  the  purpose. 

Messrs.  J.  Herring,  A.  Fraser  and  James 
Grange  were  appointed  a  provisional  Committee,  to 
procure  a  suitable  Bookcase,  and  necessary  articles, 
for  the  benefit  of  the  lyibrarv. 

The  meeting  adjourned  to  meet  on  Tuesday 
evening,  the  2oth  inst.,  at  7  o'clock,  when  a  full 
attendance  of  the  Stockholders  is  requested. 

Napanee,  Dec.  15, 


PROGRAMME     OF     PROCESSION     WHEN 

CORNER  STONE  OF  THE  MARKET 

HAIvL  WAS  LAID  (1856). 

PROGRAMME  OF  THE  PROCESSION  AND  ORDER  OF  PROCEEDINGS 

TO  BE  OBSERVED  ON  THE  OCCASION  OF  THE  LAYING  OF 

THE  CORNER  STONE  OF  THE  NEW  MARKET  HOUSE 

AND  TOWN  HALL  ON  WEDNESDAY,  THE 

llth  DAY  OF  JUNE.  INST. 

The  various  bodies  and  individuals  purposing  to 
walk  in  procession  on  this  auspicious  occasion    will 


48  LENNOX   AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

assemble  at  n  o'clock  a.m.,  in  Dundas  Street,  op- 
posite the  office  of  the  Reeve,  and  having 
marshalled  themselves  in  order,  two  and  two,  will 
move  thence,  through  the  principal  streets  to  the 
Market  Square,  in  the  following  order  :— 

THE  NAPANEE   SAX-HORN   BAND. 

A    BODY    OF    CONSTABLES    WITH    THEIR    BATONS. 

THE  GOOD  TEMPLARS  IN  THE  FULL  REGALIA  OF  THE  ORDER. 

THE  SCHOOL   TEACHERS. 

THE   SCHOOL    CHILDREN. 

THE  MEMBERS   OF   THE  FIRE   BRIGADE  AND  HOOK   AND   LADDER 
COMPANY    IN   FULL    UNIFORM. 

CITIZENS. 

MAGISTRATES. 

ADJOINING    COUNCILLORS. 

THE  CONTRACTORS   OF  THE  BUILDING. 

THE   ARCHITECT,   WITH   THE   PLANS   AND   SPECIFICATIONS. 
ASSESSOR    AND    COLLECTOR. 

THE    CLERK. 
THE   MEMBERS    OF   THE   VILLAGE   COUNCIL. 

THE    REEVE. 

THE  MEDICAL  FACULTY. 

THE    BAR    IN    THEIR    ROBES. 

CLERGYMEN    IN    THEIR    ROBES. 

THE    VARIOUS    MASONIC    REPRESENTATIVES   FROM    A    DISTANCE. 
THE  MEMBERS   OF   UNION  LODGE. 

Arrived  at  the  Market  Square,  the  procession 
will  file  off  right  and  left  from  the  South  East 
corner  of  the  building,  the  Masonic  fraternity 
marching  thereafter  to  the  immediate  scene  of  the 
ceremony,  \vhich  will  be  gone  through  after  the 
customary  and  imposing  Masonic  form. 

THE  BAND 

will  be  stationed  at  a  convenient  distance,  and, 
discoursing  appropriate  music  at  intervals,  will 
enhance  the  character  of  the  proceedings,  which  will 
close  with  the  delivery  of  one  or  more  suitable 
orations  from  gentlemen  who  are  expected  to  be 
present.  On  completion  of  the  ceremony,  the  pro- 
cession reforming  will  march  along  Bridge  and 
Dundas  streets,  as  far  as  Shaw's  Hotel,  where  it 
will  disperse. 

A  luncheon  will  be  provided  at  3  o'clock,   in  a 


COPIES   OF   ORIGINAL   DOCUMENTS.  49 

suitable  building  erected  on  the  market  ground, 
tickets  for  which  will  be  furnished  by  the  committee 
of  management  to  such  as  inav  feel  inclined  to  par- 
take. 

H.   ACTON,   Marshal. 
Napanee,   June  6,   1856. 


MONTREAL'S     INVITATION    TO    CELEBRATE 

THE  COMPLETION  OF  GRAND  TRUNK 

RAILWAY  BETWEEN  MONTREAL 

AND  TORONTO   (1856). 

CITY  OF  MONTREAL. 

(NO.    180).  (NOT    TRANSFERABLE). 

Montreal,  2oth  October,  1856. 
Sir, — It  being  the  intention  of  the  Citizens  of 
Montreal  to  celebrate  the  Completion  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad,  connecting  this  City  with  the  City 
of  Toronto,  the  honour  of  your  company,  and  that 
of  the  Ladies  of  your  family,  is  requested  at  the 
Commemorative  Festivities,  to  be  held  in  Montreal, 
on  the  1 2th  and  I3th  days  of  November  next. 

DAVID  KINNEAR.   Chairman. 

b 


HENRY   STARNES,   Mayor  of  Montreal. 

L.   H.  HOLTON,   M.P.P.,   President  Board  of  Trade. 

CHARLES   GARTH,   President   Mechanics'   Institute. 


A.   A.   DORION,   M.P.P.  } 

»-5  HENRY  LYMAN.   City   Councillor. 

HENRY   BULMER,   City   Councillor. 
^  W.   WORKMAN. 

S  JOHN  LEEMING. 

AUGUSTUS   REWARD.  J-   g  £ 

THOMAS   S.   BROWN. 

THOMAS   CRAMP.  ^ 

WALTER   JONES,   M.D. 

C.    J.   COURSOL. 


a 


BROWN   CHAMBERLAIN. 
£  THOMAS   WILY. 

P  ALFRED   PERRY. 

^  W.    RODDEN. 

J.    G.   DINNING. 

THOMAS   MORLAND. 

TO 

S.  WARNER,  Esq.,  Wilton. 


d 


> 


50      LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

RAILWAY  PASSES  TO  ATTEND  THE  ABOVE 
CELEBRATION  (1856). 

Montreal,  October  25,   1856, 

The  accompanying  Invitation  of  the  Citizens  of 
Montreal,  countersigned  by  the  Secretary,  will  pass 
the  Gentleman  and  Ladies,  to  whom  it  is  addressed, 
over  the  following  Railroads,  to  attend  the  Celebra- 
tion, to  be  held  in  Montreal,  including  the  Banquet, 
Ball  and  Excursion  in  the  Harbour. 

By  order  of  the  Invitation  Committee, 

T.  MORLAND,  D.  KINNEAR, 

Secretarv.  Chairman. 


RAILWAYS. 
MICHIGAN  CENTRAL. 
SOUTHERN   MICHIGAN. 
GREAT   WESTERN. 

NORTHERN   ONTARIO,   SIMCOE   &  HURON. 
GRAND   TRUNK. 
OTTAWA  AND  PRESCOTT. 
ANDROSCOGGIN  AND  KENNEBEC. 
BOSTON  AND  MAINE. 
EASTERN   RAILROAD. 
CHAMPLAIN   AND   ST.   LAWRENCE. 
MONTREAL  AND  NEW  YORK. 
RUTLAND  AND  BURLINGTON. 
CHESHIRE. 
PITCHBURG. 
VERMONT  CENTRAL. 
NORTHERN  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
CONCORD. 

MANCHESTER  &  ST.   LAWRENCE. 
BOSTON   &  LOWELL. 


INDEX. 


Abinger 15,  17,  18,  19 

Acton,  H 44,  49 

Addington  Arms 2 

Addington  Colonization  Road 15,  16 

Addington  County 6,   14,  15 

Addington  Reporter 31 

Adolphustown 8,  30 

Agricultural  Exhibition 33 

Albury 38 

Allen,  Mrs.   J.  Conger 5 

Allison,   C.  R 30 

America 21 

Americans 9 

Amusements  of  the  County 5 

Ancient  Free  and  Accepted  Masons 32,  48 

Androscoggin  and  Kennebec  Railway 5° 

Anglican   Church 31 

Appleby,  Billie 38,  39 

Ashby 19,  20 

Assembly,    House   of 10,  28 

Atlantic  Ocean 16 

Attorney-General 13 

Aylesworth,   Geo.   Anson 26 

Aylesworth,   Isaac  Brock 28,  30 

Bahama  Islands 35 

Baker,    George 12 

Barber  &  Co.,  Wm 23 

Barrie  Township 17 

Bartles,   Jas.  F 44 

Bath 12,   26,   27,   28,  29,  32,  40 

Bath  Academy 12,  13,  28,  40 

Bath  School  Society 12 

Beach,  David ". 13,  35 

Beaver  Meadow 16 

Beaver,  The 31 

Bebee,  E.  C 19 

Beeman,   T 45 

Belleville 37 

Bell,  William 41 

Benny  &  Co 23 

Benson,  John 38,  44 


52  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Bidwell,   Barnabas 12 

Bidwell,  Marshal  S 12,   13,  28 

Bingham,  The  Misses 38 

Black,   John 27,  29 

Blakely,   James 44,  45,  47 

Boston 23 

Boston  &  Lowell  Railway 50 

Boston  &  Maine  Railway 50 

Bridgewater 16,  17 

Briscoe  House 38 

British  Parliament 13 

British   North  America 6 

British  North  American,  The 31 

British  Settlements 7 

British  Subjects 9 

Brock,    Sir  Isaac 28 

Brown,  Titus  F 45 

Brown,  Thomas  S 49 

Buhr  Stones 17 

Bulmer,  Henry 49 

Burlingham,  Reuben 43 

Burns,  John 15 

Burrows,   Frederick 4,   6,  7 

Burwash,   Rev.   Chancellor 32 

By-town 30 

California 26,  38 

Camden 26,  32 

Camden  East 32 

Campbell,   Alex 13,   37,  44 

Campbell,  John 13,  35 

Campbell  House 37 

Canada 16,  33 

Canadian  Historical  Societies 5 

Carlyle,  Mr 36 

Carlyle,   Thomas 36 

Carnochan,   Miss   Janet 5 

Carrying  Place 37 

Casey,   Thomas 37 

Catacombs,  The 6 

Caton,   Allen 32 

Cedar  Lake 17 

Cedar  Lake  Settlement 17,  18 

Chamberlain,    Browrn. 49 

Champlain 5 

Champlain    and   St.    Lawrence   Railway 50 

Checkley,   E.  R 5 

Cheeseborough,  Rev 35 

Cheshire  Railway 50 


INDEX.  53 

Christian  Guardian 29,  30,  31 

Clark,   David 43 

Clark,  William 42,  43 

Clarke,  J 7 

Clarke,  Major 8 

Clarke,  P.  M 8 

Clarksville 8 

Classical  Schools n,  36 

Cloyne 14,  20 

Coast,  A  Trip  to 5 

Coleman,    Prof.   A.   P 6 

Colebrooke 26 

Collegiate  Institutes...,.., 12 

Collin's  Bay 8 

Colton,  Mr 23 

Conner,  Robert 15,  19 

Cornhill  Magazine , 26 

Cornwall 29 

Coursol,  C.  J 49 

Court  House,   Napanee 44,  45 

Cowley,   Abraham 29 

Concord  Railway k 50 

Constitutional  Act  of  1871 II 

Cramp,  Thomas 49 

Crankshaw,  Isaac 15,  19 

Crown  Lands n 

Cruikshank,  A 15 

Crysler's  Farm 5 

Crysler,   Miss  Jessie 5 

Cumberland,  Barlow 5,  6 

Customs  House 38 

Daly,   James 4 

Danube  River 26 

Davey,  G.  H 38 

Davy,  B.  C 40,  44 

Davy,    Peter 12,  40 

Denbigh 15,    16,    17,    18,    19,    20,  21 

Denike,   Anthony 29 

Deroche,  H.  M...... 36 

Detlor,  Wm.  Van  Pelt 27,  33,  47 

Detlor,   J,  V 13 

Devine,  Rev.  J.  A 13 

Dinning,  J.  G 49 

Documentary  History  of  Education II,   12,  28 

Dorion,   A.   A 49 

Dorey,   G 31 

Dorland,  P.  L 36 

Dundas...  8 


54  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Dundas  County 7 

Dundas  Street 38,  48 

Buncombe,  Dr 9,  10 

Dunn,  Wiman  &  Co 23 

Eakins,   George 28 

Early  Education 6,  7 

Eastern  Railroad.... 50 

Ecclesiastical  History 5 

Edinburgh 21,  25 

Education  Department 7 

Elements  of  Our  National  I/ife 6 

Empire,  The  Making  of 5 

England.. 12,  35 

England  in  the  Days  of  King  Alfred 6 

Ernesttown 8,   12,  26,  28,  30 

Esson,  R 44,  47 

Fairfield,   Benjamin 12 

Fairfield,  Stephen 12 

Fairfield,   William 12 

Family   Compact 9,  12 

Files,  Benjamin 27 

Fitchburg  Railway 50 

Flach,  Ulysses  J 4 

Forward,  Henry  T 37 

Forward,  Mrs.  H.  T "4 

Fraser,   Abraham 45,  47 

Fraser,  Captain 7,  8 

Fredericksburgh 7 

Free  Methodist  Church 19 

French  Canadian  Village 6 

Frontenac   County 15,    17,    18,   32,  36 

Gananoque,  Ont 23 

Garth,   Charles 49 

Georgetown,   Ont 23 

German  Empire  and  Its  People 6 

German  Immigrants 15 

German  Lutheran   Church 18 

German   Settlements 16,  19 

Gerow,   Henry 43 

Gibbard,   John 4,  45,  47 

Givens,  Rev.  S 13 

Glaeser,  Herman 19*. 

Glenfield 19 

Good  Templars 48 

Grange,  Mrs.  Alex.  W 4 

Grange,  E.  W 5 


INDEX.  5ii 

Grange,  Dr 8 

Grange,   James 44,   45,  47 

Grange,   John  T 24,  39 

Grammar  Schools n,  12,  13,  29,  32,  34,  36 

Grand  Trunk  Railway 32,  49,  50 

Grant,  Hugh .". 15 

Grant,  Dr 26 

Great  Western  Telegraph  Co 37 

Greene,  Abraham 43 

Great  Western  Railway 50 

Griffith 20 

Hagerman,  Christopher 13 

Haines,  William 19 

Haldimand  Township 40 

Haliburton  County.. 38 

Hall,  W.  F 24 

Hallowel 42 

Hardinge 17 

Harrowsmith 33 

Harvey,  Norman  Leo 43 

Hastings  County . 15,   18,  41 

Hawley,  George  D 4 

Hawley,  Mrs.   John  Perry 37 

Henry,   Alexander 24 

Heroines   of  Canadian  History... 5 

Herring,  John 13,  24,  47 

Herrington,  Walter  S 4,  5,  6 

Heward,  Augustus... 49 

High  Schools 12,  36 

Hodgins,  Dr u,  12,  28,  35 

"Hollow,   The" 28 

Holton,  L.  H 49 

Hooper,  Augustus 32 

Hope,  Robert  F 28,  32,  33 

Horning,  Prof.  Iy.  E 6 

Hudson  River 28 

Hughs,  David 17,  19 

Ice  Age,  The 6 

India,  Discontent  in 5 

Indian  Woods 37 

Index,  The 31 

Ireland  and  the  Irish  Question 6 

Italy,  The  Liberation  of 6 

James,   Charles 45,  47 

James,  C.  C 5 

Jarvis,  Canon 4,  5 


56  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Jewel,  J.  H 20 

John,  August 16 

Johns  Hopkins'   University ,  36 

Jones,  Walter ,  49 

Johns,  Solomon 12 

Kaladar  Station 20 

Keeler,   Eli 41,  42 

Kenyon,   Chas.  M 15,   17,  19 

King,  John 45,  47 

Kingston  City 5,  12,  13,  29,  32,  38,  40 

Kingsey  Falls,  Que 24 

Kinnear,   David 49,  50 

Kylie,  Prof.  E.  J 6 

Laird,  Prof.  Alex 5 

Laing,   Robert 42,  43 

Lake's  Carriage  Shop 34 

Lane,    James 19 

Lane,   J.  S 18,  19 

Lane,   John 19 

Lane,   Samuel 18,  19 

Lang,  Prof.  A.  E 6 

Lauder,   Rev.  W.   B 44 

Lavell,    Prof.    C.    F 5,  6 

Leavens,  Daniel 42,  43 

Leavens,   Peter 43 

Leeds  County 15 

Leeming,   John 49 

Lennox  Arms 2 

Legislative  Assembly 9,   12,  13 

Lennox  and  Addington 32,  33,  36 

Lennox  &  Addington  Historical  Society.. 22,  25,  37 

Levingston,   David 15 

Levingston,   William 15 

Lewin,   Rev.   William 35 

Lockwood,   Isaac   J 33 

Logan  &'  Co.,  Angus 22 

London  in  the  Eighteenth  Century 6 

Louisiana 24 

Lyman,  Henry JQ 

Lyons,  Mr 8 

MacKay,  Miss 40 

Madden,   John 27 

Madden's  Grist  Mill 34 

Mahomet's  Coffin 10 

Mallory,   David 15 

Mallorv,  EHsha 15,  17 


INDEX.  57 

Mallory,   John 18 

Mallory,   Washington 17 

Manchester  and  St.  Lawrence  Railway 50 

Manitoba 40 

Market  Hall  Corner  Stone 47 

Market  Square 48 

Martyrs  of  New  France 6 

Matilda 7 

Massanoga  L,ake 17 

Maynooth 18 

Methodist   Church 19,    27,    30,    31,  34 

Methodism,  Karly 6 

Michigan  Central  Railway 50 

Midland  District 12,  13,  36 

Miller,  C.  H 32 

Miller,   William 24 

Mitchell's  Directory 36 

Minden "  38 

Montreal 22,  23,  24,  40,  49,  50 

Montreal  and  New  York  Railway 5° 

Model  School 35 

Morland,  Thomas 49,  5° 

Morristown,  N.J 21 

Morrison,  Prof.  J.  L 5,  6 

Murray  Canal 37 

Macdonald,   Sir  John  A 13,  40 

Macdonald,   Alexander 4 

Macdonald,   Mrs.   Alexander 5 

McCall,  Rev.  G.  W 6 

McClatchie,  A 35 

McConnell,   Eli 43 

McDowell,  Rev.  Robert 12 

McGillivray,  Wm 44 

McKee,  William 12 

McPherson,  D 44 

Napanee 8,   16,   17,  20,  21,  23,  24,  25,  27,  28, 

30,  34,  35,  37,  38,  39,  40,  43,  44,  45,  47,  49 

Napanee  Academy 13 

Napanee  Club  I/ibrary.... 43,  44,  45 

Napanee  Fire  Brigade ..34,  48 

Napanee  Mills 21,  24,  25 

Napanee  Mills  Paper  Manufacturing  Co 24 

Napanee  River 23,  24,  26,  30,  32,  33 

Nassau,  Bahama  Isles 35 

Needier,   Prof.  G.  H 6 

Neilson,   Samuel 12 

Nelles,  Dr 13,   28,   29,  32,  35 


58  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Nesbit,  D.  A 36 

Newburgh 23,   24 

25,   26,   27,   28,   29,   30,  31,  32,  33,   3^1.   35,  36 

Newburgh,  N.Y 28 

Newburgh  Academy 13,   28,   29.   32,   34,   3=i,  36 

Newburgh  Paper  Mills 23,  24,  25 

Newcastle,   District  of 41 

Newman,  Chas 15,  16,  19 

Newton,  John 8 

New  York 28 

Neville,  Mitchel 27 

Niagara 28 

Niagara,  Visitors  to ,  5 

Northern  New  Hampshire  Railway 50 

Northern  Ontario,   Sinicoe  &  Huron  Railway...  5° 

Northumberland  Countv 41 

Ontario 25,  26,  38 

Ontario  Historical  Society 4 

Orange  Hall 18 

Origin  of  L/ocal  Names 5 

Ottawa,   City 5,   22,  30 

Ottawa  and  Prescott  Railway 50 

Parker,  Sir  Gilbert 32 

Parker,   Joseph 32 

Peck,  J 15 

Peck,   Samuel  Stanley 37,  38,  39 

Peck,  William 37,  38 

Perry,  Mr 32 

Perry,   Alfred 49 

Perry,   David 27 

Perry,  Ebenezer 15 

Perry,  Peter 13 

Perry,  Robert 28 

Perry's  Mills 16 

Petaluma 38 

Petzold,  E 18 

Plevna 17,   18,  19 

Ponton,  Col.  Wm.  N 6 

Presbyterian  Church 31,  35 

Prince  Edward  County 15,  37,  38 

Prince  Edward  Island 5 

Proceedings  of  the  Napanee  Club  Library 43 

Province,  Making  of 5 

Quebejc,  City 16 

Quinte,  Bay  of 5,  7,  26,  37 


INDEX,  59 

Radel,  Gotthard ....  17 

Raglan ID 

Raleigh,   Sir  Walter .,,..,.•>  .••• 5 

Rebellion,  l836-'37 v  ..,..,... 35 

Reid,  J , ,......,  15 

Renfrew ,..»,.,..   ........r ,. 17 

Renfrew  County ?••» ~I7i  J8 

Rice,  Barton  &  Co......... ,..,,,..„..... 25 

Richmond  Township 8,  17 

Roblin,  D ,..,,„„  , 44.  47 

Roblin's  Hill..,,, ,,..,.... 3$ 

Rockingham,,.,...,,  ... 17 

Rodden,  W , 49 

"Rogues'  Hollow" 28,  30 

Rooklidge,  J,  W 23,  24 

Ruttan,   Dr 32 

Rutland  and  Burlington  Railway 50 

Ryerson,   Dr.  K 10,   30,  35 

Saint  Francis  of  Assisi 6 

Sax-Horn  Band..,.. 48 

Schools......... 7,  8,  9,   10,   n,   12,   13,  19 

School  Teacher's  Contract 42 

Scott,   Prof,  E"f  F. 6 

Scott,   John  R 24 

Scotland 8,  21 

Shaw's  Hotel. .......:. °. 48 

Shaw,   Samuel.......... ,,. 27 

Sherbrooke,  Que ,  .........  22 

Shibley,   John,.......,  ,,, 34 

Shirley,  Rev.  P 32 

Shortt,  Adam...,.,.,. 5 

Silesia,  Prussian  Province  of 15 

Simcoe,   Gov II 

Simmons,  George.........  32 

Slate  Falls 19,  20 

Slave,  Assignment  of 41 

Smith,  Alexander 24 

Smith,  Mr... 8 

Southern  Michigan  Railway 50 

Spain,  Memories  of.... ,... 5 

Spencer,  Homer..... 33 

Starnes,   Henry......... 49 

Stein,   Paul ,. 6,   14,    17,   18,  19 

Stein,  Charles 17 

Stevenson,  Hon.  John ,. 23,  44 

Stickney's  Foundry 24,  34 

Stoug-hton,  Rev.   John 12 

Strathcona. 24 


60  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

St.   Catherines.... 29 

St.   John,  N.B 21,   22,  23 

St.   John's  Church 40 

St.   Lawrence  River 23 

Sweetman,  George  W 15,  19 

Switzer,  David 15 

Switzer's  Chapel 27 

Switzer 's  Neighborhood 30 

Tamworth...-. 15,   26,  33 

Taylor,  John 37 

Telegraph  Offices 37 

Temperance,   Sons  of 30,  34 

Templeton,  A 44 

Thomson,   James 21,   23,  24 

Thomson,  John... 6,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  33 

Thomson  Mills 24 

Thurlow 41 

Tocque,  Miss  Chauncey 5 

Toronto 12,  20,  36,  49 

Township  Model  School 29 

Tremaine,  Geo.  C 43,  44,  47 

Trenton .-, 37 

Trenton,  N.J 21 

United  Empire  Loyalists 29 

United  States 22,  25,  35 

Union  Paper  Bag  Co 23 

Upper  Canada 15,  27,  28,  29,  36,  41,  42 

Upper  Canada  College 12,  35 

Valley  Forge,   Pa 33 

Vennachar 18,  19 

Vermont  Central  Railway 50 

Victoria  College 13,  29,  35 

Warner,  Clarance  M 4,  5,  6 

Warner,    Sidney 32,  49 

Wensley 19 

Wensley,    Edwin 19 

Western  Methodist  Church 13 

West  Ward  School 13 

Whelan,  Mr 32 

Wickware,  Win.... 15,  19 

Wightman,   Dr 35 

Wilcocks,   William 12 

Wilson,  H.  L 36 

Wilson,   James 45 

Wilson,  Uriah 4 


INDEX.  fit 

Wily,   Thomas 49 

Windsor,  Que 22,  25 

Wood  Pulp 21 

Worcester,  Mass 25 

Workman,   W 49 

Wright,   Hiram 24 

Wrong,  Prof.  George  M 6 

Wynn- Williams,    Charles 36 

Yarker 5,   26,  32 

York 29 


THOMAS  WILLET  CASEY 

Born    October  25&,    1834.       Died    April    lOfli,    1903. 


LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON 
HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 


PAPERS  AND  RECORDS. 


VOL.  III. 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS. 


PRICE,  25  CENTS. 


NAPANEE: 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  SOCIETY. 
1911. 

PRINTED  AT  THE  BEAVER  OFFICE. 


CONTENTS 


Page 
Thomas  Willet  Casey Frontispiece 

Chronology  4 

Programmes  of  Public  Meetings 5 

The    Casey    Scrap    Books,   —  Introduction    by 

Walter  S.  Herrington,,  K.C 7 

Concerning  Mr.  Thomas  W.  Casey,  by  A.  Ding- 
man  9 

An    Old    Adolphustown    Burying    Ground,     by 

Thomas  W.  Casey 13 

Champlain,  the  Discoverer  of  Bay  of  Quinte  and 

Lake  Ontario,  by  Thomas  W.  Casey 16 

Champlain    in     Bay    of     Quinte     District,     by 

Thomas  W.   Casey 22 

First    Explorers    and    Discoverers   of    this    Sec- 
tion, by  Thomas  W.   Casey.... 26 

This    County  a  Century    Ago,    by    Txhomas  W. 

Casey   31 

Our    County's    First    Surveys,    by    Thomas  W. 

Casey  37 

The    Adolphustown    U.  E.  Iy.  Burying  Ground, 

by  Thomas  W.   Casey 44 

In  Old  Time  Graveyards,— From    the    Toronto 

Weekly  Sun  of  Aug.  9th,    1899 50 

The    Old    Time    District    Councils,    by  Thomas 

W.    Casey 57 

Index   . 63 


CHRONOLOGY. 

Society  Organized May  9th,  1907 

Constitution    Adopted June  nth,  1907 

First  Open    Meeting    held Oct.    25th,  1907 

Affiliated  with  .the  Ontario  Historical 

Society ....March   3ist,    1908 

Published  Volume  I.  of  Papers  and 

Records June  I2th,   1909 

Published  Volume  II.  of  Papers  and 

Records September     I9th,     1910 


OFFICERS  SINCE  ORGANIZATION. 
Honorary  Presidents- 
Rev.    Canon   Jarvis 1907-8 

*John  Gibbard,   Esq 1907 

James  Daly,   Esq 1908-9-10-11 

Walter  S.  Herrington,  Estq 1909-10-11 

Presidents— 

Clarance    M.    Warner 1907-8-9-10-11 

Vice  Presidents — 

Mrs.  Alexander  W.  Grange...  1907-8-9-10-11 

Secretary-Treasurer — 

.   Ulysses   J.    Flach,    Esq 1907-8-9-10-11 

Executive  Committee — 

Mrs.     H.     T.     Forward 1907-8-9-10-11 

Mr.   Frederick  Burrows 1907-8-9-10-11 

Uriah  Wilson,    Ex-M.P 1907-8-9-10-11 

Geo.  D.  Hawley,  Ex-M. P.P...  1907-8-9-10-11 
Rev.   Alexander  Macdonald...  1907-8-9-10-11 

^Deceased. 


PROGRAMMES  OF  PUBLIC  MEETINGS. 

The  Society  has  held  eight  public  meetings 
since  the  publication  of  Volume  II.  of  its  Papers 
and  Records.  A  list  of  the  programmes  presented 
is  given  below.  All  of  the  meetings  have  been  free 
to  the  general  public  : — 

Oct.  2ist,  1910  :— "The  Old  Training  and  the 
New,"  by  Mr.  James  L.  Hughes,  of  Toronto. 

Nov.  25th,  1910  : — "Provincial  and  Local  Arch- 
ives," by  Mr.  Alexander  Fraser,  M.A.,  of  Toronto. 

Dec.  1 6th,  1910  :— "Life  and  Manners  in  Scot- 
land One  Hundred  Years  Ago,"  by  Prof.  J.  L- 
Morrison,  of  Queen's  University,  Kingston. 

Jan.  27th,  1911  :— "The  Referendum,"  by  Prof. 
O.  D.  Skelton,  of  Queen's  University,  Kingston. 

Feb.  24th,  1911  : — "The  Genesis  and  Develop- 
ment of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,"  by  Walter  S. 
Herrington,  K.C.,  of  Napanee. 

March  3ist,  1911  :— "Pompeii,  a  Walk  Through 
the  Streets  of  a  Once  Buried  City,"  by  Prof.  G.  W. 
Johnston,  of  the  University  of  Toronto,  Toronto. 

April  28th,  1911  :— "The  Life  of  Robert  Louis 
Stevenson,"  by  Prof.  Alexander  Laird,  of  the 
Royal  Military  College,  Kingston. 

May  26th,  1911  : — "The  Roman  Occupation  of 
Britain,"  by  Prof.  G.  Oswald  Smith,  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Toronto,  Toronto. 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS. 

The    readers    of     "The    Napanee    Beaver"     are 
familiar  with  the  following  double-column  caption  : 


• 

Old-time  Records 

Relating  to  the 
Early  Days  of  this  Province 


Conducted  by 

THOS.  W.  CASEY 


which  for  several  years,  particularly  during  the 
years  1899,  1900  and  1901,  was  the  recognized  title 
of  the  valuable  contributions)  to  that  paper  from 
the  pen  of  our  late  esteemed  townsman,  Mr.  Thos. 
W.  Casey.  These  articles,  inspired  by  a  love  for  his 
native  County  and  a  reverence  for  the  pioneers,  were 
the  result  of  years  of  careful  study  and  patient 
research,  and  fortunately  have  been  preserved,  to- 
gether with  a  large  number  of  selected  clippings 
neatly  arranged  in  his  scrap  books,  now  in  the 
custody  of  The  Lennox  and  Addington  Historical 
Society.  Written  at  different  times  and  from 
various  standpoints,  there  is  but  little  connection 
between  these  articles  in  their  present  form,  and  it 
is  much  to  be  regretted  that  Mr.  Casey  did  not  find 
the  time  or  opportunity  to  re-arrange,  in  proper 
sequence,  the  material  he  had  collected.  Such  a 
work  entrusted  to  other  hands  must  necessarily 
lose  much  of  its  interest.  In  glancing  over  the 
collection  I  find  that  it  may  be  conveniently 
arranged  under  different  headings,  and  the  first  that 
naturally  suggests  itself  as  the  most  fitting  to 
begin  with  is  that  series  of  articles  and  clippings 
dealing  with  the  discovery  and  actual  settlement  of 
this  County,  which  of  course  includes  his  extensive 
notes  upon  the  old  families  and  prominent  men  of 
by-gone  years.  His  contributions  upon  the  admin- 
istration of  justice,  the  early  schools,  missionaries, 
churches  and  other  kindred  subjects,  might  be 
of  more  general  interest.  These  will,  I  trust, 
in  due  time  be  re-arranged  and  presented  to 
the  public  in  a  convenient  form.  I  have,  so 


8  LENNOX  AND   ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

far  as  practicable,  taken  very  few  liberties 
with  the  text,  and  have  in  no  instance 
detracted  from  the  substance  by  either  in- 
terjecting my  own  views  or  by  eliminating  any 
portion  of  the  articles  so  as  to  impair  the  argument 
of  the  writer.  He  loved  to  linger  about  the  old 
grave-yards  and  ruminate  on  the  experiences,  the 
joys  and  sorrows  of  his  ancestors  whose  ashes  lay 
mouldering  there.  Year  after  year  he  returns  to 
this,  his  favorite  theme,  and  time  and  again  the 
same  sentiments  will  be  found  presented.  I  have 
made  no  effort  to  avoid  the  repetition  of  these  re- 
flections upon  a  subject  so  dear  to  him.  These 
memories  cannot  be  revived  too  often,  and  I  fear 
the  true  essence  of  his  work  would  be  lost  if  I 
attempted  to  present  the  bare  facts  as  recorded  by 
him  without  the  inspiring  thoughts  which  they 
awakened  in  him. 

W.  S.  HERRINGTON. 


CONCERNING  MR.  THOS.  W.  CASEY. 

BY   A.    DINGMAN.    MAY  3rd,    1901. 

To  the  Editor  of  The  Beaver  : 

It  has  fallen  to  my  lot  to  read  a  few  of  the  late 
numbers  of  your  excellent  paper  which  has  given  me 
very  great  pleasure.  The  "Old  Time  Records", 
conducted  by  Mr.  Thomas  W.  Casey,  have  been  of 
great  interest  to  me.  I  was  born  in  the  Bay  of 
Quinte  country  in  the  year  last  but  two  of  the  high- 
est "digits  of  the  third  decade  of  the  nineteenth 
century.  The  place  of  my  birth  was  back  in  the 
woods  of  Tyendinaga,  on  the  concession  along 
which  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  now  skirts  part  of 
a  mile  south.  I  came  west  in  the  year  last  but  one 
of  the  fifth  decade  of  the  last  century,  when  in  my 
twenty-second  year.  It  is  quite  natural  that  "Old 
Time  Records"  of  the  old  Bay  of  Quinte  country 
should  have  greater  interest  to  me  than  to  persons 
who  know  it  in  only  a  geographical  and  historical 
sense.  It  was  the  place  of  my  birth  and  childhood, 
and  of  three  brothers  and  six  sisters,  all  but  two  of 
whom  have  passed  to  the  great  beyond. 

Many  of  the  people  named  by  Mr.  Casey  I  have 
frequently  seen  and  remember  well.  I  remember 
well  the  late  Allen  Mo.Pherson  and  his  son,  Donald, 
and  have  often  been  in  their  store  and  mill.  But  I 
was  under  the  impression  that  the  mill  belonged  to 
the  late  John  S.  Cartwright,  uncle,  I  believe,  of  the 
present  Sir  Richard  Cartwright. 

Many  of  the  names  of  places  mentioned  in  your 
paper  are  new  to  me,  and  I  have  difficulty  to  locate 
them.  The  name  "Morven"  I  cannot  recollect.  If 
Gordanier's  Tavern,  mentioned  by  Mr.  Casey,  is  the 
tavern  I  remember  by  that  name,  just  a  few  miles 
south-east  of  Napanee,  on  the  old  Kingston  Road, 
I  can  locate  it.  I  gather  that  Morven  is  at  that 
point.  I  remember  well  when  the  road  between 
Napanee  and  Kingston  was  macadamized — it  must 
be  well  on  to  seventy  years  ago.  Palace  Road, 
Gosport,  Moscow,  Fairview,  Mountain  Vale, 
Gretna,  Canaan,  Erinsville,  Bellrock,  Odessa,  and 
many  others,  though  very  pretty  names,  were  not 
familiar  in  the  Bay  of  Quinte  country  fifty  year 
ago.  Nelson  Doller,  mentioned  by  Mr.  Casey,  as  a 
venerable  townsman  and  justice  of  the  peace,  I 


10  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

remember  very  well.  I  have  assisted  at  his  grain 
threshings  many  times  when  he  ran  an  open 
cylinder  machine.  There  were  no  great  separators 
then  driven  by  steam  engines,  having  straw  carriers 
to  deposit  the  straw  on  stacks  at  almost  any 
height,  as  we  have  here  in  the  west,  and  I  suppose 
you  have  also  in  your  district,  and  which,  no 
doubt,  Mr.  Doller  had  before  he  retired  from  the 
grain  threshing  business.  I  have  a  distinct  recol- 
lection of  the  raising  of  the  frame  and  the  building 
of  the  red  mill  in  Napanee,  which  took  the  place  of 
the  old  mill  Mr.  Casey  describes  as  McPherson's. 
It  was  not  raised  by  making  a  great  bee  as  I  had 
always  seen  barns  raised,  but  with  derricks,  pulleys 
and  windlass,  which  was  a  method  then  new  to  me. 

I  remember  Mr.  Thomas  W.  Casey  when  he  was 
a  boy,  perhaps  12  or  13  years  old,  and  his  excellent 
father,  the  late  Mr.  Willet  W.  Casey,  and  his  fine 
farm,  comprising  what  was  known  50  or  60  years 
ago,  as  Casey's  Point,  in  Adolphustown.  It  had 
the  reputatian  of  being,  if  I  mistake  not,  one  of  the 
finest  wheat  and  clover  producing  farms  anywhere 
in  the  Bay  of  Quinte  country. 

I  worked  for  Mr.  Thomas  Casey's  father  a  few 
weeks  in  the  early  part  of  one  harvest  season  when 
I  was  15  or  1 6  years  old.  I  think  I  must  be  a  few 
years  the  senior  of  Mr.  Thomas  W.  I  was  put  first 
to  hoeing  potatoes  alone  in  a  field  in  the  southeast 
part  of  the  farm  adjoining  the  German  farm.  The 
rows  of  potatoes  had  been  ploughed  between  one 
way,  and  the  ground  was  pretty  weedy,  particularly 
full  of  thistles.  I  had  not  then  learned  to  slight 
my  work,  and  thought  that  every  thistle  and  weed 
of  any  kind  must  be  hoed  up,  and  the  potatoes 
nicely  hilled  up.  Working  on  these  principles  I 
made  slow  progress  in  getting  over  the  ground,  and 
worked  very  hard,  fearing  I  would  be  found  fault 
with  for  doing  so  little.  After  a  day  or  two  I  was 
asked  every  time  I  came  in  how  I  was  progressing, 
and  had  to  confess  that  I  had  gotten  over  but  a 
.small  portion  of  the  field.  I  could  see  that  Mr. 
Casey's  patience  was  growing  short,  and  I  grew 
anxious  in  proportion  and  worked  even  harder. 
One  day  he  came  out  to  the  field  bringing  a  hoe 
with  him,  and  hoed  with  me  for  an  hour  or  two, 
praised  my  work  for  quality  but  not  quantity,  and 
sent  a  man  to  help  me,  and  then  I  got  a  lesson  on 
slighting  potato  hoeing.  It  was  a  lonely  experience 
I  had  in  that  back  field,  nearly  surrounded  by 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  11 

woods  at  that  time.  One  day  I  looked  over  into 
the  woods  and  saw  a  fox  lying  asleep  on  an  old 
log.  I  wished  for  a  gun,  but  in  vain,  left  reynard 
to  enjoy  his  siesta  undisturbed  and  continued  my 
hoeing. 

I  was  next  set  to  helping  haul  in  hay,  and 
Thomas  W.  to  watching  the  gaps,  with  his  gram- 
mar in  his  hand.  He  had  to  be  kept  out  of  school, 
and  that  he  might  not  fall  behind  in  his  class,  his 
father  required  him  to  study  his  grammar  while 
watching  the  gaps.  He  seemed  to  enjoy  his  job 
and  I  thought  he  had  a  fine  time.  One  day  when  I 
passed  him  he  seemed  humorous  and  talkative  and 
asked  me  somewhat  tantalizingly  if  I  would  not 
like  to  be  in  his  place,  sitting  in  the  shade  of  the 
fence  studying  grammar.  I  had  learned,  without  a 
master,  a  few  definitions  and  rules  and  had  gone 
over  some  examples  in  parsing,  according  to 
Ivindley  Murray,  but  they  were  without  meaning  to 
me.  Master  Thos.  W's.  little  banter  stuck  to  me, 
and  some  years  after  I  became  acquainted  with  a 
young  man  who  could  parse,  and  apply  the  defini- 
tions and  rules  in  a  way  that  convinced  me  there 
was  something  in  the  study  of  grammar  that  I  had 
not  got  hold  of,  and  I  determined  to  know  it. 
This  is  the  way  I  learned.  I  had  no  teacher,  and 
was  too  poor  to  go  to  school.  These  were  the  days 
before  the  Rev.  Dr.  Ryerson  had  developed  his 
school  system  to  the  degree  of  perfection  that  made 
it  the  glory  of  Upper  Canada,  alias  Ontario.  There 
were  few  schools  then,  and  many  of  these  few  were 
intermittent,  and  the  teachers  without  normal 
training.  One  fall  when  I  was  about  18  or  19  I  was 
sent  to  the  Napanee  mill  with  a  grist.  I  had  been 
told  of  a  Mr.  Essen,  as  near  as  I  can  remember  to 
spell  the  name,  a  druggist,  who  had  the  reputation 
of  being  a  good  grammarian.  I  went  to  him  and 
asked  him  if  he  knew  a  grammar  that  would  assist 
a  boy  to  teach  himself  ?  He  said,  "Yes,  Kirk- 
ham's".  I  took  a  bushel  of  wheat  I  had  brought  to 
the  mill,  sold  it,  bought  Kirkham's  grammar,  took 
it  home,  studied  it  every  hour  I  could  snatch  from 
work,  or  sleep,  often  by  very  imperfect  light  from 
the  fire  in  the  old  Dutch  chimney,  followed  minutely 
the  directions  of  the  author,  and  by  Spring  I  had 
Kirkham's  grammar  practically  by  heart,  and 
knew  that  I  understood  it,  could  analyze,  parse, 
correct  and  make  false  syntax  with  the  best  of  the 
boys  and  men  too.  My  greatest  difficulty,  however, 


12  LENNOX   AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

has  been  to  learn  to  avoid  making  false  syntax.  I 
had  the  vernacular  of  the  Bay  of  Quinte  Dutch  to 
unlearn,  get  rid  of,  and  replace  with  good  English, 
but  began  late. 

I  studied  mathematics  in  the  same  way.  I 
mastered  four  books  of  geometry  according  to  Le- 
gendre,  and  knew  that  1  knew  them,  before  I  ever 
saw  or  heard  any  person  demonstrate  a  proposi- 
tion. I  learned  arithmetic  and  algebra  also  in  the 
same  way.  There  is  a  field  on  the  shore  of  the  Bay 
of  Quinte  where  the  plough  turns  the  soil  down  to 
the  lime-stone  rock.  I  have  ploughed  and  harrowed 
that  field  many  times.  When  the  team  became  tired 
— and  sometimes  not  very  tired — I  would  pick  up  a 
smooth  flat  piece  of  limestone  and  a  smaller  sharp- 
angled  piece  and  work  propositions  in  arithmetic, 
algebra  or  geometry.  Many  a  flat  stone  in  that 
field  has  been  so  used. 

I  remember  the  late  John  Strachan,  Superin- 
tendent of  schools  for  the  Midland  District,  to 
whom  Mr.  Casey  refers  in  The  Beaver  of  the  5th 
inst.  I  passed  an  examination  before  him  in  1847 
or  1848,  and  received  his  certificate  of  qualification 
to  teach  school.  I  never  taught  under  it  however. 
I  think  I  must  have  that  certificate  somewhere 
among  old  papers,  but  am  not  able  to  lay  hands  on 
it  just  now. 

I  want  to  refer  further  to  the  late  Mr.  Willet 
W.  Casey,  Thomas  W's.  father,  and  my  first  em- 
ployer. I  thought  him  a  most  kind,  amiable  and 
noble  man.  In  the  most  hurried  season  all  hands 
were  called  in  regularly  for  family  worship.  I  got 
impressions  from  him  of  much  good.  He  was  also 
a  Methodist  class-leader. 

If  permitted  I  may  say  that  since  I  hoed  pota- 
toes for  Mr.  Casey's  father,  I  have  farmed,  lumber- 
ed, taught  school,  owned  and  edited  a  newspaper, 
served  the  Dominion  Government  in  a  responsible 
position  some  fifteen  years,  and  am  now  "retired" 
—I  do  not  like  to  say  "superannuated" — on  a  star- 
vation allowance.  I  have  raised  a  family  of  five 
boys  and  three  girls,  have  given  them  all  a  Col- 
legiate, and  some  a  University  education.  They  are 
all  grown  up  ;  some  are  married  and  all  are  doing 
fairly  well,  but  scattered  from  New  York  to  var- 
ious parts  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 

If  you  have  time,  space  and  disposition  to 
publish  these  rambling,  disjointed,  and  I  fear  too 
egotistical  remarks,  you  are  at  liberty  to  do  so. 


AN  OLD  ADOLPHUSTOWN  BURYING  GROUND. 

BY  THOS.   W.   CASEY.    AUGUST   16th,   1901. 

In  the  first  settlement  of  the  U.  E.  Loyalists  in 
the  old  Township  of  Adolphustown  every  lot 
situated  on  the  north  side  of  Hay  Bay,  consisting 
of  the  fourth  and  fifth  concessions,  was  at  once 
assigned  and  nearly  every  one  of  them  was  at  once 
occupied.  It  so  happens  that  every  one  of  these 
lots  lies  fronting  the  waters  of  either  Hay  Bay,  or 
Bay  Quinte,  and  that  was  a  very  important  matter 
in  the  days  when  there  were  no  roads,  wagons  or 
horses,  and  the  water  was  the  one  common  high- 
way. 

There  was  but  one  burying  ground  in  that  part 
of  the  township,  and  it  alone  has  been  used  by  the 
people  of  that  locality  from  the  time  of  the  first 
settlement  of  the  township  to  this  day  with  a  slight 
exception  or  two.  It  will  probably  continue  to  be 
the  last  resting  place  of  many  of  the  residents  of 
that  locality  for  generations  to  come.  It  happens, 
however,  that  the  descendants  of  the  first  Loyalists 
who  cleared  away  the  wilderness  there  and  trans- 
ferred the  then  "wild  lots"  into  very  fruitful  and 
productive  farms  have  now  nearly  all  left  the  town- 
ship. It  is  somewhat  singular  that  of  all  the  well- 
known  of  the  earliest  and  largest  families  all  over 
the  old  township  of  Adolphustown,  only  a  very  few 
bearing  the  old  family  names  now  remain  living 
there.  The  old  residents  of  three  score  and  three 
score  and  ten  years  are  now  surrounded  by  those 
whose  names*  and  families  they  knew  nothing  of  in 
their  early  years. 

THE  OLD  BURYING  GROUND. 

A  recent  visit  to  the  old  burying  ground  in  the 
Fourth  Concession  of  the  Township  of  Adolphus- 
town, located  on  the  small  hill  on  the  farm  now 
occupied  by  James  McMorine  and  Wm.  H.  Cadman, 
was  of  unusual  interest  to  the  writer.  It  recalled 
the  memories  of  many  faces  and  histories  of  those 
familiar  many  years  ago,  who  were  active  and  in- 
fluential citizens  in  their  day,  but  who  are  now 
silently  resting  until  the  resurrection  day.  Just 
how  early  that  "God's  acre"  was  established  and 
began  to  be  used,  we  know  not,  but  it  was  probably 


14  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

soon  after  the  first  deaths  began  to  occur  among 
the  earliest  of  the  settlers.  There  seems  at  no 
time  to  have  been  any  other  common  burying  place 
established,  and  few  of  the  dead  among  the  settlers 
were  taken  elsewhere  for  burial. 

The  interments  of  the  first  generation  were 
nearly  all  made  before  there  were  headstones  at  all 
in  use,  and  what  red  cedar  posts  and  other,  articles 
may  have  been  made  use  of  to  mark  the  respective 
graves,  are  now  all  obliterated.  The  ground,  is  now 
in  a  much  better  condition  than  most  of  our 
old  country  graveyards,  having  foeen  :  recently 
well  and  substantially  fenced;.  ;witk  a  i  very 
substantial  steel  wire  fence  and  Jred  i  cedar 
posts.  The  most  of  the  headstones  that  iwere 
ever  put  there — they  are,  nearly  1  all. ':  white 
marble  slabs — are  also:  in  a  iairt- .stated  of 
preservation.  To-day,  with  a  very  sinall  expendi- 
ture of  time,  labor  and  money,  it  can  all  foe '.put  in 
a  good  condition.  Perhaps  all  it  mayvnow  need  is 
for  some  active  person  to  take  the  inMativ&  of 
starting  a  subscription  for  that  purpose. 

SOME    FAMILIAR    NAMES. 

Among  the  names  inscribed  on  these  headstones 
are  numbers  of  those  well-known  and  familiar  to 
the  inhabitants  of  years  ago,  but  hardly  .now 
known  at  all.  They  may  as  well  be  taken  in  rota- 
tion as  they  lived  along  the  Hay  Bay  front,  com- 
mencing at  "the  Point"  at  the  western  extremity. 
There  first  come  those  of  William  Gasey  and  his 
wife,  Martha  Robinson.  They  were  the  pioneers  of 
what  was  well-known  as  "Casey's  Point"  in  early 
times,  and  the  name  was  often  given  to  the  entire 
neighborhood.  That  point  has  become  pretty  well 
isolated  now,  but  in  the  early  days  when  canoes 
and  small  sailing  boats  were  alone  used  for  travel- 
ing purposes  it  was  considered  a  very  central 
locality. 

William  Casey  and  his  brother,  Willet,  who  first 
settled  in  the  Second  Concession  of  Adolphustown, 
were  among  the  well-known  of  the  earliest  IT.  E. 
Iv-  refugees.  They  were  natives  of  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  where  their  father  was  a  silversmith 
of  considerable  prominence.  They  were  both  active 
in  the  British  cause  during  the  years  of  the  Ameri- 
can revolution,  and  of  course,  they  shared  the 
fortune  of  all  the  other  Loyalists  of  that  day,  and 
had  to  find  refuge  in  Canada,  their  property  having 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  15 

been  confiscated.  Willet  lies  buried,  with  his  wife 
and  several  members  of  his  family,  in  the  old  U.  E. 
L.  burying  ground  at  the  Village  of  Adolphustown, 
and  mention  has  been  made  of  them  before. 
William  and  representatives  of  three  generations  of 
his  family  lie  buried  here.  His  name  appears  on 
the  official  lists  of  the  U.  E.  Ls.  in  the  Provincial 
Crown  I/ands  Department,  with  this  official  record  : 
"Was  a  master  carpenter  in  Quartermaster  Gener- 
al's Department  at  Yorktown  (previous1  to  the  out- 
break of  the  revolution.)  Came  in  1786."  His 
name  was  on  the  Government  list  of  1786  of  those 
to  whom  provisions  were  supplied.  His  name  also 
appears  in  the  Crown  Lands  as  the  one  to  whom 
the  original  deed  was  granted  for  lots  24,  25  and 
26  of  the  Fourth  Concession  of  Adolphustown — 
farms  now  owned  by  Dr.  Ward  and  Isaiah  Sherman. 
He  lived  on  that  farm  till  the  day  of  his  death, 
and  reared  a  large  family,  whose  descendants  are 
now  pretty  generally  scattered  in  various  parts  of 
this  province  and  in  British  Columbia  and  else- 
where. He  died  in  1842  at  the  ripe  age  of  82  years. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  first  Methodist  class  form- 
ed in  Upper  Canada,  at  Adolphustown,  in  1791  ;  he 
was  one  of  the  builders  of  the  historic  old  Metho- 
dist church  there— the  first  of  the  kind  built  in 
Upper  Canada,  and  his  name  stands  on  the  original 
subscription  list  as  one  of  the  largest  subscribers 
for  its  erection.  His  wife,  Martha  Robinson,  was 
a  native  of  Duchess  County,  New  York,  and  was  a 
member  of  a  well-known  Quaker  family  there.  She 
died  in  1840,  aged  77  years. 

They  built  a  large  and  comfortable  dwelling 
house  for  themselves  over  a  hundred  years  ago, 
which  is  still  standing  and  is  now  occupied,  sound 
and  quite  as  warm  to-day  as  most  of  the  modern 
built  dwellings.  It  has  seen  the  whole  of  one 
century  and  the  end  and  commencement  of  two 
others.  In  their  day  it  was  not  an  uncommon 
thing  to  see  wolves,  foxes  and  bears  passing  along 
the  bay  shore  directly  in  front  of  their  own  doors, 
and  bears  used  to  swim  across  the  bay  there,  where 
it  was  over  a  mile  wide.  Two  of  the  daughters 
once  saw  a  bear  thus  swimming  to  shore,  and  went 
down  to  meet  him,  knowing  how  wet  and  tired  he 
would  be  after  such  a  swim,  and  actually  killed 
him  with  an  axe  and  club.  And  it  was  quite  a 
large  one,  too. 

One   of  their  children  only,     Samuel   Robinson, 


16  LENNOX   AND   ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

with  his  wife,  Hannah  Johnson,  have  their  final 
resting  place  beside  the  parents.  Their  daughter, 
Elizabeth  Jane,  who  died  a  young  woman,  and  a 
grandchild,  Jewel  J.,  a  young  son  of  the  late 
Hiram  Casey,  of  Kingston,  are  also  lying  in  the 
same  family  plot. 


CHAMPLAIN,  THE  DISCOVERER  OF  BAY    OF 
QUINTE  AND  LAKE  ONTARIO. 

BY    THOS.    W.    CASEY.    OCTOBER    26th,    1900. 

Samuel  Champlain,  the  early  and  heroic  French 
explorer  and  colonizer,  deserves  a  more  prominent 
position  in  the  history  of  Canada  than  he  has  been 
generally  accorded.  Not  only  was  he  associated 
with  the  early  founders  of  Port  Royal,  now  Anna- 
polis, in  Nova  Scotia  ;  the  founder  of  what  is  now 
the  City  of  Quebec  ;  the  first  white  discoverer  of 
Lake  Champlain,  which  bears  his  name  ;  the  real 
founder  of  what  is  now  the  great  City  of  Montreal  ; 
but  he  was  also  prominently  associated  with  the 
early  history  of  Upper  Canada,  and  especially  with 
our  own  Bay  of  Quinte  county.  He  was  the  first 
white  man  to  see  and  navigate  the  waters  of  Bay 
of  Quinte  and  to  become  even  aware  of  the  existence 
of  I/ake  Ontario,  and  it  seems  quite  probable,  from 
the  records  he  wrote  of  his  own  life  and  doings, 
that  he  also  traversed  the  Napanee  River  and  spent 
some  weeks  at  either  Varty  or  Mud  Lake,  in  this 
county. 

We  have  not  here  space  to  write  of  or  even  to 
make  mention  of  his  early  connection  with  Acadia, 
now  Nova  Scotia,  and  of  the  opening  up  of  the 
various  settlements  in  the  Province  of  Quebec, — at 
Tadousac,  Quebec,  Mount  Royal  and  other  points, 
of  which  he,  was  for  so  many  years  a  master  and 
guiding  spirit.  Nor  can  we  here  make  more  than 
passing  reference  to  his  long  and  intimate  connec- 
tion with  the  early  fur  trade  and  other  Indian 
affairs,  not  only  of  the  Indians  of  Quebec,  but  of 
the  Upper  Ottawa  and  other  parts  of  what  is  now 
Ontario,  but  of  those  of  what  is  now  the  State  of 
New  York  as  well. 

Briefly  it  may  be  stated  that  he  was  born  at  the 
little  sea-port  town  of  Brouage,  on  the  Bay  of 
Biscay,  in  1567,  of  French  parentage,  his  father 
having  been  an  adventurous  sea-captain.  After  a 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  17 

long,  active,  useful  and  adventurous  life,  much 
checkered  with  successes  and  disappointments,  he 
died  at  what  is  now  the  City  of  Quebec,  of  which 
he  was  the  real  founder,  on  Christmas  day,  1635, 
aged  68  years.  No  other  man  in  his  day  had  so 
much  to  do  with  the  early  founding  and  opening  up 
of  what  is  now  the  eastern  half  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada,  or  with  the  opening  up  of  trade  and  of 
Christian  missions  among  its  then  aborigines. 

SOME   FACTS    OP   HIS    HISTORY. 

Here  are  two  or  three  facts  in  connection  with 
his  great  life  work  that  may  be  of  interest  to  those 
who  have  not  made  themselves  familiar  with  the 
history  of  his  life  and  labors.  He  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  what  is  now  the  City  of  Quebec  in  July, 
1608,  he  was  successful  in  sowing  and  raising  wheat 
on  the  grounds  about  Quebec  and  Montreal  a  year 
or  two  later  than  that  and  of  sending  fair  samples 
to  France,  to  convince  the  people  there  that  the 
newly  founded  province  on  the  borders  of  the  great 
St.  Lawrence  River  was  capable  of  cultivation  and 
permanent  settlement,  as  well  as  of  a  large  and 
lucrative  fur  trade  with  the  Indians.  He  was  the 
first  to  discover  and  report  of  the  existence  of  a 
then  fertile  prairie  district  on  the  banks  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  where  the  City  of  Montreal  now  stands, 
of  successfully  raising  some  grain  there  of  his  own 
planting,  and  of  starting  the  building  up  of  a  few 
humble  houses  into  a  small  village  and  which  has 
now  grown  into  the  most  wealthy  and  populous 
commercial  metropolis  in  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
and  which  may  yet  become  the  most  important 
manufacturing  and  commercial  city  of  the  whole 
continent  of  North  America. 

In  one  of  his  excursions  with  an  Indian  war 
party,  in  1609,  he  was  the  first  white  man  to  ascend 
the  Richelieu  River  and  discover  the  existence  of 
Lake  Champlain,  which  now  perpetuates  his  name. 
In  May,  1615,  he  had  introduced  to  Quebec  the 
great  French  Missionaries,  of  the  Recollet  order, 
the  first  Christian  Missionaries  to  Canada  ;  the 
Order  has  been  in  existence  in  that  Province  ever 
since  and  has  played  an  important  part  in  the  work 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church.  Champlain  was 
himself  a  zealous  Roman  Catholic  and  displayed  a 
good  deal  of  earnestness  in  his  endeavors  to  chris- 
tianize the  aborigines  of  the  country. 

It  was  in  one  of  his  war  expeditions  with    his 


18  LENNOX    AND   ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Indian  allies  in  1615  that  he  first  ascended  the 
Ottawa  River  up  to  its  head  at  Lake  Nipissing  and 
further  on  that  he  reached  Lake  Huron  ;  coming 
from  that  down,  through  the  then  only  available 
and  known  water-way,  he  passed  through  Lake 
Simcoe  and  down  the  system  of  creeks  and  rivers 
of  the  Trent  Valley,  reached  the  Bav  of  Quinte,  and 
then  made  the  discovery,  so  far  as  any  white  man 
is  concerned,  of  the  existence  of  the  great  Lake 
Ontario.  Then,  on  the  return  from  that  historic 
and  unsuccessful  Indian  campaign,  he  appears  to 
have  passed  up  the  Napanee  River,  and  spent  some 
time  about  one  of  the  lakes  in  Camden  Township, 
until  the  winter  had  so  far  set  in  that  they  were 
able  to  cross  the  country  north-westward  on  the 
hardened  ground  and  the  frozen  snow  and  ice.  It  is 
in  connection  with  this  expedition  that  we  wish 
now  to  make  special  reference. 

FINDING    BAY    OF    QUINTE. 

To  us,  with  our  present  knowledge  of  our  rivers 
and  lakes,  it  appears  very  singular  and  all  but  in- 
credible, that  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  and  even  Lake 
Ontario  should  have  been  discovered  first  by  white 
men  by  the  roundabout  way  of  the  Upper  Ottawa 
River,  thence  down  the  eastern  coast  of  Georgian 
Bay  and  the  Trent  River  system.  The  story  of  it 
all  is,  in  brief,  something  as  follows  :  It  was  in 
the  year  1615  that  Champlain,  after  his  arrival 
from  a  trip  to  France,  arranged  to  proceed  with  his 
allies,  the  Huron  Indians  and  some  of  their  allied 
tribes,  to  a  war-like  expedition  against  their  old 
time  and  deadly  enemies,  the  Iroquois  and 
some  of  their  allies  of  the  Five  Nations, 
who  occupied  the  territory  principally  in 
New  York  State,  from  Lake  Champlain  on 
the  east  to  near  the  Mississippi  on  the  west, 
and  south  of  the  great  lakes.  The  Indians 
supposed  if  they  had  Champlain  and  his  guns 
against  their  foes,  with  only  their  bows  and 
arrows,  a  crushing  and  complete  victory  would  be 
obtained.  Champlain,  on  the  other  hand,  was 
anxious  to  cement  his  friendship  with  the  Hurons, 
so  as  thus  to  more  thoroughly  secure  their  fur 
trade,  and  gain  greater  friendship  and  freedom  of 
exploration  in  their  territory  north  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  and  the  Lakes,  and  on  both  sides  of  the 
Ottawa.  His  arrangements  were  to  meet  the 
Hurons  at  their  chief  settlements,  on  the  far  np 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  19 

Ottawa  River,  in  what  is  now  the  Parry  Sound  Dis- 
trict. Here,  it  is  said,  they  were  a  nation  nearly 
30,000  strong,  with  large  and  well-built  houses, 
and  they  subsisted  by  agriculture  as  well  as  by 
hunting.  Champlain,  with  some  Indian  guides, 
went  up  the  Ottawa,  reached  Georgian  Bay,  passed 
down  its  eastern  coast,  thence  into  Lake  Simcoe, 
down  the  Trent  River  and  into  Bay  of  Ouinte,  their 
objective  point  being  the  Iroquois  settlements  along 
what  is  now  known  as  the  great  Mohawk  Valley, 
between  Oswego  and  Albany.  That  seemed,  as  we 
can  now  see  it,  a  wonderfully  circuitous  and  round- 
about route,  but  it  was  first  necessary  for  him  to 
meet  the  Hurons  at  their  headquarters  and  then, 
too,  to  pursue  a  route  then  well  known  and  free 
from  dangers  of  an  attack  from  Indian  enemies. 
To  the  Indian  allies  the  existence  of  the  Bay  and 
I/ake  Ontario  was,  no  doubt,  familiar,  but  it  was 
an  entirely  new  discovery  to  the  white  men.  There 
are  some  very  curious  and  interesting  incidents  re- 
corded by  Champlain  himself  in  connection  with 
that  great  trip  from  the  mouth  of  the  Ottawa  to 
the  head  of  our  Bav,  but  a  limit  of  space  here  pre- 
vents even  a  passing  reference  to  them. 

ON   THE   BAY   AND    ACROSS. 

According  to  the  account  given  in  Francis 
Parkman's  great  history  of  "Pioneers  of  France  in 
the  New  World",  and  the  map  accompanying, 
Champlain  and  his  Indian  associates  passed  down 
the  Bay  from  the  mouth  of  the  Trent  River,  through 
the  Upper  Gap,  and  direct  across  to  the  south  shore 
of  Lake  Ontario.  They  then  concealed  their  boats 
and  took  their  journey  across  to  the  settlements  of 
the  Iroauois.  The  latter  appear  to  have  been  well 
fortified  against  this  and  similar  war-like  incur- 
sions from  their  many  Indian  enemies.  Some  of 
the  Iroquois  were  first  seen  in  their  fields,  gathering 
in  their  corn,  pumpkins  and  other  harvest — for  it 
was  now  in  the  fall  of  the  year.  The  young  Hurons 
who  first  thus  came  in  contact  with  the  old 
enemies  of  their  tribe,  at  once  rushed  at  them, 
screaming  their  war-cry  and  were  at  once  un- 
governable. The  Iroquois  became  thus  warned  and 
alarmed  and  hurriedly  rushed  to  their  strong  de- 
fensive fortifications,  bearing  with  them  their 
alreadv  wounded  and  killed.  They  had  strong 
palisades  formed  of  trunks  of  trees,  twenty  feet  or 


20     LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

more  high,   and  made  impregnable  to  any  weapons 
then  known  to  Indian  warfare. 

Champlain  soon  instructed  his  allies  to  build 
a  wooden  tower,  assisted  by  his  dozen  of  French- 
men. This  was  made  high  enough  to  overlook  the 
strong  palisade  and  large  enough  to  shelter  four  or 
five  marksmen,  with  their  guns.  It  was  moved  up 
near  the  palisade,  and  sheltered  in  this  the  French 
gunners  shot  down  many  of  the  inside  defenders, 
but  the  Hurons  were  so  impetuous,  undisciplined 
and  ungovernable,  that  Champlain  soon  saw  there 
was  nothing  left  but  to  retreat  in  as  good  order  as 
possible,  and  thus  save  themselves  from  entire 
extermination.  Some  of  the  incidents  in  connection 
with  that  retreat  give  a  good  idea  of  the  changes 
there  have  been  in  war  campaigns,  as  well  as  in 
commerce,  since  those  historic  days.  Parkman 
says  :  "Then  began  they  hastily  to  retreat,  carrying 
their  wounded  in  the  centre,  while  the  Iroquois, 
sallying  from  their  stronghold,  showered  arrows  on 
their  flanks  and  rear.  The  wounded,  Champlain 
among  the  rest,  (he  had  been  struck  in  the  knee 
with  an  arrow),  after  being  packed  in  bastes  made 
on  the  spot,  were  carried  each  on  the  back  of  a 
strong  warrior,  'bundled  in  a  heap,'  says  Cham- 
plain,  'doubled  and  strapped  together  after  such  a 
fashion  that  one  could  move  no  more  than  an 
infant  in  swaddling  clothes.  I  never  was  in  such 
torment  in  my  life  ;  the  pain  of  the  wound  was 
nothing  to  that  of  being  bound  and  pinioned  on  the 
back  6f  one  of  our  savages.  I  lost  patience,  and  as 
soon  as  I  could  bear  my  weight  I  got  out  of  this 
prison,  or  rather  out  of  hell.'  " 

THE   ROUTE   OF   RETREAT. 

Now  come  some  of  the  most  interesting  facts, 
so  far  as  our  local  interest  is  concerned,  of  the 
whole  campaign.  The  retreating  party  found  their 
concealed  boats,  and  were  soon  on  the  lake  again  on 
their  way  back  to  the  Ottawa  home  of  the  Hurons. 
vTudging  from  Parkman's  map  and  the  other  ac- 
counts given,  they  must  have  made  their  way  from 
Ivake  Ontario  through  the  Upper  Gap  and  landed 
somewhere  about  Conway.  They  carried  the  boats 
and  other  traps  "about  half  a  league"  across  land 
to  what  Parkman  supposes  to  have  been  in  the 
vicinity  of  what  is  now  Sillsville,  on  the  south 
shore  of  Hay  Bay,  in  South  Fredericksburgh.  The 
line  of  the  route  from  there  is  here  best  given  in  a 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  21 

letter  lying  before  us  from  Dr.  T.  A.  Beeman,  of 
Mallorytown,  Ont.,  who  has  given  a  good  deal  of 
special  study  to  this  matter.  He  writes  : 

"All  historians  say  this  retreat  was  up  an 
unknown  river,  and  that  he  camped  at  an  unknown 
lake.  I  believe  the  unknown  river  to  be  the 
Napanee  River,  and  the  unknown  lake  to  be  either 
Varty  or  Mud  Lake,  the  probability  strongly  in 
favor  of  the  latter.  Kingsford  says  that  Cham- 
plain,  on  his  return  to  the  Huron  country,  with  his 
Huron  allies,  about  2,000  strong,  went  up  a  river 
about  ten  leagues.  These  are  French  leagues,  about 
equal  to  2%  of  our  miles.  That  would  be  about  25 
miles.  He  then  went  7%  leagues  to  a  lake,  about  10 
or  12  miles  in  circumference.  This,  in  my  opinion, 
corresponds  to  Napanee  River  and  Mud  Lake.  He 
camped"  on  this  lake  for  over  a  month,  until  the 
bogs  and  boggy  marshes  became  frozen  over,  when 
they  crossed  to  their  own  country.  He  describes 
the  immense  number  of  wild  fowl  found  there,  and 
we  know  what  a  place  Mud  Lake  still  is  for  ducks, 
and  probably  at  that  time  for  wild  geese." 

We  have  examined  the  Canadian  histories  of 
McMullen,  Withrow,  Kingsford  and  Parkman,  and 
the  theories  of  Dr.  Beeman  appear  to  be  well  sus- 
tained in  them  all.  Withrow  writes  that  "they 
encamped  for  thirty-eight  days  near  Mud  lake, 
northwest  of  Kingston,  waiting  for  the  frost  to 
bridge  the  rivers  and  marshes.  For  nineteen  days 
(thereafter)  he  traversed  on  snowshoes  the  wintry 
forest,  beneath  a  crushing  load,  through  what  is 
now  the  counties  of  Hastings,  Peterboro'  and  Vic- 
toria ;  and  on  Christmas  eve  the  baffled  war  party 
reached  Cahiagua.  Champlain  remained  four 
months  there  with  his  Huron  hosts,  sharing  in  their 
councils,  their  feasts  and  their  hunts,  and  hearing 
strange  tales  of  the  vast  lakes  and  rivers  of  the 
Far  West.  He  arrived  at  Quebec  in  1816,  after  a 
year's  absence,  and  was  greeted  almost  as  a  resur- 
rection from  the  dead. 


CHAMP^AIN  IN  BAY  OF  QUINTE  DISTRICT. 

BY   THOS.  W.    CASEY.    NOVEMBER   16th.   1900. 


VIEWS    OP    THE    DEPUTY    MINISTER    OF    AGRICULTURE. 

We  are  glad  to  know  that  the  paper  appearing 
in  The  Beaver  recently  in  regard  to  Champlain  and 
his  probable  stay  for  some  weeks  in  this  county— 
the  first  white  man  to  ever  traverse  it — has  attract- 
ed a  good  deal  of  interest.  The  writer  has  received 
letters  from  several  well-known  learned  gentlemen 
regarding  it,  and  the  views  of  some  others  of  them 
may  be  given  later  on.  The  following  paper  is 
from  Mr.  C.  C.  James,  a  Napanee  old  boy,  and 
now  Deputy  Minister  of  Agriculture  for  this  Pro- 
vince. He  has  given  the  early  history  of  this 
Province,  and  especially  of  this  section  of  it,  a  good 
deal  of  careful  attention.  From  his  well-known 
thoroughness  and  accuracy  in  such  matters,  his 
opinion  is  of  much  value.  We  bespeak,  therefore,  a 
careful  reading  of  the  following.  We  hope,  too, 
that  his  suggestions  about  reporting  any  relics 
that  may  be  found  anywhere  about  here  may  be 
acted  on.  Already  we  have  been  informed  of 
several  Indian  relics  found  about  Mud  Lake  during 
the  past  few  years  ;  but  of  these  more  will  be  given 
hereafter. 

MR.    JAMES1    PAPER. 

The  question  of  the  camping  ground  of  Cham- 
plain  and  the  Indians  on  their  return  from  the  raid 
in  1615  into  the  Iroquois  country  to  the  south  of 
Ivake  Ontario,  has  been  taken  up  in  The  Beaver  of 
Oct.  26th.  Mr.  Casey  and  Dr.  Beeman  suggest  Mud 
I/ake  or  Varty  I/ake  as  the  probable  place  of  the 
sojourn.  Being  asked  for  my  opinion  in  the  matter, 
I  gladly  do  so,  not  that  I  have  an  idea  that  I  can 
settle  it,  but  perhaps  I  may  add  something  to  the 
discussion,  and  indicate  a  line  of  investigation  that 
some  student  of  our  early  history  may  care  to 
follow  out. 

Mr.  Casey  and  Dr.  Beeman  start  their  work 
from  the  statement  given  in  Kingsford's  History 
of  Canada,  Vol.  I.,  page  53.  Kingsford  then  says  : 

"It  is  not  possible  to  follow  the  return     route 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS. 

of  Champlain.  He  tells  us,  that  after  having  tra- 
versed the  end  of  that  lake  they  followed  a  river  for 
some  twelve  leagues,  then  they  carried  their  canoes 
for  half  a  league,  to  a  lake  ten  or  twelve  miles  in 
circumference.  There  is  no  locality  closely  answer- 
ing to  this  description.  The  difficulty  is  in  the 
small  lake  rather  than  the  river  ;  for  north  of 
Amherst  Island  the  waters  would  be  regarded  as  a 
river.  Here  the  party  established  themselves  for 
the  purpose  of  hunting.  They  remained  until  the 
4th  December,  when  the  navigation  was  closed  by 
the  frost." 

In  a  foot-note  Dr.  Kingsford  suggests  Hay  Bay, 
adding,  "to  some  extent  it  answers  the  description 
given." 

First  of  all  let  us  get  back  to  the  original. 
Champlain 's  work  appeared  first  in  1619,  but  with- 
out a  map.  In  the  edition  of  1632  the  map  appears 
for  the  first  time,  and  much  discussion  has  taken 
place  as  to  whether  Champlain  was  the  author  of 
the  map  or  not.  Orsamus  H.  Marshall,  the  well- 
known  American  historical  student,  formerly  of 
Buffalo,  thought  that  it  was  the  work  of  other 
hands,  added  to  the  volume  to  make  it  more  at- 
tractive. In  1870  "The  Works  of  Champlain"  were 
re-published  by  the  University  of  I/aval,  Quebec, 
edited  by  Abbe  Provencher.  In  1882  the  Prince 
Society  of  Boston,  brought  out  a  translation  in 
Knglish.  In  this  Boston  edition  the  passage  vital 
to  the  discussion  appears  as  follows  : 

"The  next  day,  the  28th  of  the  month,  they 
began  to  make  preparations  ;  some  to  go  deer 
hunting,  others  to  hunt  bears  and  beavers,  others 
to  go  fishing,  others  to  return  to  their  villages.  An 
abode  and  lodging  were  furnished  me  by  one  of  the 
principal  chiefs,  called  D'Arontal,  with  whom  I 
had  already  had  some  acquaintance.  Having  offer- 
ed me  his  cabin,  provisions  and  accommodations, 
he  set  out  also  for  the  deer  hunt,  which  is  esteemed 
by  them  the  greatest  and  most  noble  one.  After 
crossing,  from  the  Island,  the  end  of  the  lake,  we 
entered  a  river  some  twelve  leagues  in  extent  (?). 
They  carried  their  canoes  by  land  some  half  a 
league,  when  we  entered  a  lake  which  was  some  ten 
or  twelve  leagues  in  circuit,  where  there  was  a 
large  amount  of  game,  as  swans,  white  cranes, 
outards,  ducks,  teal,  song  thrush,  larks,  snipe, 
geese,  and  several  other  kinds  of  fowl  too  numerous 
to  mention.  Of  these  I  killed  a  great  number, 


24  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

which  stood  us  in  good  stead  while  waiting  for  the 
capture  of  deer.  From  there  we  proceeded  to  a 
certain  place  some  ten  leagues  distant,  where  our 
savages  thought  there  were  deer  in  abundance. 
Assembled  there  were  some  twenty-five  savages, 
who  set  to  building  two  or  three  cabins  out  of 
pieces  of  wood  fitted  to  each  other,  the  chinks  of 
which  they  stopped  up  by  means  of  moss  to  prevent 
the  entrance  of  the  air,  covering  them  with  the 
bark  of  trees." 

On  comparing  the  above  English  with  the  orig- 
inal French  as  it  appears  in  the  Ivaval  work,  I  find 
one  important  change,  and  it  is  so  important  that 
I  reproduce  the  French — "Nous  entrasmes  dans  rene 
riviere  enviorn  12  lienes."  The  translation  is 
faulty  ;  it  should  read — "We  entered  a  river  about 
twelve  leagues."  The  twelve  leagues  (30  miles) 
undoubtedly  refers  to  the  length  of  their  journey  on 
the  river,  not  to  the  length  of  the  river. 

In  this  particular  Kingsford  is  right,  but  when 
we  compare  the  rest  of  the  narrative  with  his  con- 
densation he  is  serioUvSly  at  fault.  The  party  went 
up  a  river  30  miles,  portaged  i%  miles  to  a  lake  25 
or  30  miles  in  circumference,  and  after  a  short  stay 
there  went  forward  25  miles  and  made  a  camp  and 
settled  down  to  deer  hunting.  Reading  further  on 
in  Champlain  we  find  that  the  camp  was  on  a  river. 
Not  only  does  Dr.  Kingsford  confuse  leagues  and 
miles,  but  he  leaves  out  the  removal  from  the  lake 
to  the  river,  he  drops  out  the  25  mile  trip  entirely. 
Parkman  does  not  make  this  mistake.  He  refers 
to  a  lake  north  or  north-east  of  the  site  of  King- 
ston, but  as  to  the  camping  ground  he  says  :  "They 
were  thirty-eight  davs  encamped  on  this  nameless 
river,  and  killed  in  that  time  a  hundred  and  twenty 
deer."  (See  "Pioneers  of  France  in  the  New 
World,"  pp.  422-3). 

This,  I  think,  settles  one  point,  namely,  that 
their  camp  was  on  a  river,  and  it  was  40  or  50 
miles  from  Amherst  or  Wolfe  Island.  The  country 
to  the  north  of  Kingston  and  Napanee  was  a  great 
deer  hunting  section,  and  is  so  marked  on  many 
old  maps.  While  there  the  Indians  constructed  one 
of  their  pounds,  described  by  Champlain.  Into  this 
pound  they  drove  the  deer  for  slaughter.  Further 
points  noted  by  Champlain  are  that  the  country 
was  rough,  there  were  high  hills  and  low-lying 
swamps,  and  the  river  was  in  places  "wide  and 
turbulent." 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  25 

Let  us  return  to  the  route  taken.  Champlain 
says,  "After  crossing  from  the  island."  The 
French  words  suggest  that  it  is  an  island  already 
referred  to.  Most  students  incline  to  the  opinion 
that  he  means  the  same  island  that  he  passed  in 
going  south.  What  island  was  it  ?  Parkman  from 
his  map  evidently  favors  the  route  past  the  western 
end  of  Amherst  Island  Years  ago  Orsamus  Mar- 
shall and  Gen.  John  S.  Clark,  of  Albany,  fought 
over  this  question.  Marshall  contended  that  the 
route  was  as  Parkman  shows  it,  passing  by  Points 
Pleasant  and  Traverse.  Gen.  Clark  and  John  Gil- 
may  Shea  take  Champlain  along  the  front  as  far 
east  as  Kingston,  and  then  send  him  across  by 
Wolfe  and  Simcoe  Islands.  The  editor  of  the  Prince 
Society  publication  leaves  it  in  doubt,  as  being  too 
indefinite.  Students  interested  will  find  Marshall's 
views  with  a  map  in  a  chapter  in  his  "Historical 
Writings,'1  published  in  Albany  in  1887.  If  we 
bring  Champlain  back  to  either  Amherst  or  Wolfe 
Island  we  next  find  a  25-mile  journey  up  a  river. 
Was  this  up  what  we  now  call  the  Bay  of  Quinte, 
or  was  it  up  the  Cataraqui  ?  Kingsford  suggests 
that  the  waters  of  the  Bay  would  be  called  a  river 
by  Champlain,  and  that  the  language  of  the  narra- 
tive of  the  trip  out  would  lead  to  the  belief  that 
Kingsford  is  justified  in  this,  but  here  is  the  point — 
if  Champlain  were  going  back  by  the  same  route  as 
he  came  out,  would  he  not  have  said  so  ?  The 
language  of  the  original  it  appears  to  me,  indicates 
that  it  was  not  the  same  river.  The  Prince  Society 
editor  suggests  the  Cataraqui  as  the  river,  and 
I/angton  as  the  lake.  Kingsford  says,  speaking  of 
the  journey  after  the  hunting,  "It  is  plain  that 
Champlain  returned  by  a  route  different  to  that  by 
which  he  came."  Was  this  because  it  was  winter 
and  the  water  routes  were  frozen  up,  or  was  it 
because  their  hunting  camp  was  so  far  removed 
from  the  Trent  route  ? 

A  careful  examination  of  all  the  information 
available  seems  to  me  to  indicate  the  following 
conclusions  :  Hay  Bay  does  not  fit  in  with  Cham- 
plain's  narrative,  and  Dr.  Kino-sford  based  his 
remarks  on  an  incomplete  and  faulty  reading  of  the 
original  narrative  ;  the  winter  deer  hunting  camp 
was  on  a  fair-sized  river  40  to  50  miles  inland,  and 
25  or  30  miles  from  the  lake  referred  to  by  Kings- 
ford.  Was  it  on  the  Napanee  River,  or  on  the 
Salmon  River  ?  Perhaps  we  shall  never  know. 


26  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

When  Champlain  was  going  up  the  Ottawa  early  on 
their  trip  he  lost  one  of  his  astronomical  instru- 
ments, an  astrolabe.  This  was  found  some  years 
ago  in  a  perfect  state  of  preservation.  It  was  on 
view  at  an  Historical  Exhibition  in  Toronto  last 
year.  Perhaps  some  day  there  may  be  picked  up 
on  the  banks  of  the  Napanee  River  by  a  deer  hunter 
some  relics  that  will  help  us  to  identify  this  camp- 
ing ground.  Without  some  such  clew  we  are  left 
largely  to  conjecture.  This  point,  however,  is  in- 
teresting that  Champlain  in  1615  went  out  by  the 
Bay  of  Quinte  and  returned  across  the  northern 
part  of  I/ennox  and  Addington,  and  somewhere  in 
the  northern  region  he  witnessed  a  deer  hunt  such 
as  our  hunters  of  1900  can  hardly  expect  to  see. 
If  only  Champlain  had  been  a  little  more  explicit 
in  his  journal. 

Are  there  any  traces  of  the  winter  camp  of 
1615  ?  May  we  expect  to  find  them  ?  Two  or 
three  cabins  were  built.  A  large  number  of  Indians 
were  gathered  there.  Most  people  would  say  that 
after  285  years  all  trace  would  be  gone.  In  1669 
two  Frenchmen,  Dollier  de  Casson  and  Galinee  win- 
tered in  Ontario  near  lyongue  Pointe.  Their  winter- 
ing place  has  been  hitherto  a  matter  of  conjecture. 
But  this  very  year,  after  231  years,  the  exact  site 
has  been  discovered  and  the  outlines  of  their  winter 
home  have  been  identified.  A  full  account  of  their 
journey  and  their  wintering  place  will  be  published 
during  the  winter  by  the  Ontario  Historical 
Society.  It  is  within  the  possibilities  that  Cham- 
plain's  camp  of  1615  may  yet  be  located  and  identi- 
fied. 


FIRST  EXPLORERS    AND    DISCOVERERS  OF 
THIS  SECTION. 

BY   THOS.    W.    CASEY.    NOVEMBER   30th,    1900. 

Some  notes  in  regard  to  the  first  of  the  white 
men  to  discover  and  explore  this  section  of  Canada, 
may  be  of  interest  and  value,  especially  to  the 
young  readers  of  The  Beaver. 


CHAMPLAIN    GOT    LOST . 

Recent  mention  has  been  made  in  these  columns 
of  the  fact  that  the  great  French  explorer,  Cham- 
plain,  the  first  French  Governor  of  Quebec,  was  the 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  27 

first  white  man  to  discover  Bay  of  Quinte  and 
Lake  Ontario,  and  that  they  were  first  reached 
via  the  Ottawa  River,  Georgian  Bay  and  the  river 
Trent.  That  was  in  the  autumn  of  1615.  It  has 
also  been  discussed  that,  on  their  retreat  from  the 
Indian  futile  attack  against  the  Iroquois  Indians  in 
the  Mohawk  Valley,  their  party  went  some  leagues 
up  an  "unknown  river" — possibly  the  Napanee 
River — and  encamped  for  a  time  at  an  "unknown 
lake"  answering,  in  many  respects,  to  Mud  Lake, 
in  Camden  township,  near  Centreville,  where  they 
remained  until  the  ground  and  creeks  were 
sufficiently  frozen  that  they  could  cross  the  country 
north-west  to  the  Ottawa  River  again.  That  was 
in  November.  While  there  an  incident  happened  to 
Champlain  similar  to  that  occuring  to  some  of  our 
modern  hunters.  He  got  lost  in  the  woods  for 
three  days.  He  had  a  similar  experience  of  hunger 
and  hardships  such  as  now  occur  at  times.  He  had 
joined  the  Indians  in  a  deer  hunt  on  the  borders  of 
the  lake,  and  his  attention  was  attracted  by  some 
singular  bird  which  he  attempted  to  shoot  with  his 
gun.  The  bird  flitted  from  tree  to  tree  with  the 
hunter  in  hot  pursuit,  and  he  soon  got  out  of  reach 
of  his  party.  He  had  left  his  pocket  compass  at 
the  camp,  and  the  day  was  dark  and  cloudy. 
Parkman  says  : 

"Bewildered  and  lost,  he  wandered  all  day,  and 
at  night  slept  fasting  at  the  foot  of  a  tree.  He 
wandered  until  the  afternoon  of  the  next  day  when 
he  reached  a  pond  in  the  shadow  of  the  woods.  He 
shot  some  wrater  fowl  along  its  brink,  and  for  the 
first  time  found  food  to  allay  his  hunger. 
Drenched  by  a  cold  rain  he  made  his  prayer  to 
Heaven,  and  again  laid  down  and  slept.  Another 
day  of  weary  wandering  succeeded  and  another 
night  of  exhaustion.  He  found  paths  in  the  wilder- 
ness, but  not  made  by  human  feet.  Once  more 
roused  from  his  shivering  repose,  he  journeyed  on 
till  he  heard  the  tinkling  of  a  little  brook,  and 
followed  its  guidance,  in  hope  it  might  lead  him  to 
the  river  where  the  hunters  were  now  encamped. 
He  followed  it  to  where  it  led  into  a  small  lake. 
Circling  around  it  he  found  where  the  brook  ran  out 
and  resumed  its  course.  Following  on  he  heard  a 
water-fall  ;  he  soon  stood  on  the  edge  of  a  meadow. 
Wild  animals  were  here  of  various  kinds.  On  his 
right  rolled  the  river  and  along  its  bank  he  saw 
the  portage  path  by  which  the  Indians  passed  the 


28  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

rapids.  A  clue  was  found  at  last,  and  kindling  his 
evening  fire,  with  a  grateful  heart,  he  broke  a  ^ong 
fast  on  the  game  he  had  killed.  At  break  of  day  he 
descended  along  the  bank  and  soon  descried  the 
smoke  of  the  Indian  fires.  There  was  great  joy  on 
both  sides.  The  Indians  had  searched  for  him  with- 
out ceasing.  From  that  day  forth  his  host,  Duran- 
tal,  would  never  let  him  go  in  the  forest  alone." 

They  left  that  encampment  on  the  4th  of 
December,  1615,  and  crossed  the  country  to  the 
northwest,  reaching  their  destination  on  the 
Ottawa  on  Christmas  eve.  Are  there  points  about 
Camden  to  answer  the  description  here  given  ? 

PONCET  FIRST  DESCENDS   ST.  LAWRENCE. 

It  was  not  till  thirty-eight  years  after  L/ake 
Ontario  and  the  Bay  had  first  been  discovered  that 
there  is  any  record  of  any  white  man  navigating  on 
the  St.  Lawrence  River.  No  doubt  it  became  well 
known  through  the  Indians  that  such  a  descent 
could  be  made  to  Montreal,  but  there  were  Indian 
tribes  along  the  river,  and  especially  the  Iroquois 
and  their  allies,  who  were  at  constant  war  with 
the  Hurons  and  the  French,  who  were  their  allies, 
and  it  was  dangerous  to  venture  in  their  reach  or 
range.  In  August,  1653,  some  parties  of  Iroquois 
Indians  with  hostile  intent,  went  down  as  far  as 
Quebec,  and  there  Father  Ponset,  a  French  mis- 
sionary, was  taken  prisoner  and  carried  away 
captive  to  the  Mohawk  River,  near  Albany.  It  was 
first  intended  to  torture  and  burn  him,  as  many 
war  prisoners  were  treated  in  those  days.  Then  he 
was  given  to  an  old  Indian  woman  to  replace  her 
brother  who  had  been  killed  in  a  fight.  That  was 
quite  a  common  custom  at  that  time.  His  life  was 
thus  saved  and  he  was  treated  kindly.  Poncet  was 
sent  to  Albany  along  with  some  Indian  chiefs,  to 
see  the  then  Dutch  Governor  there  about  terms  of 
peace.  There  he  received  some  clothing  and  other 
necessities.  Not  long  after  it  was  desired  to  make 
terms  of  peace  with  the  French  at  Quebec  and 
Father  Poncet  was  sent  along  for  that  purpose. 
Instead  of  going  through  I/ake  Champlain  and  the 
Richlieu  River,  which  was  dangerous  near  winter, 
the  company  crossed  to  Ogdensburgh  and  thence 
down  the  St.  Lawrrence, — the  first  white  man's 
descent  of  which  there  is  record.  They  reached 
Montreal  with  their  canoes  on  the  24th  of  October. 
They  wont  on  to  Quebec  and  peace  was  made  on 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  29 

the  5th  of  November,  the  Iroquois  presenting    their 
gifts  on  that  day. 

LE  MOYNE  ASCENDS  THE   ST.  LAWRENCE. 

Father  Le  Moyne,  another  French  missionary, 
who  took  a  leading  part  in  the  establishment  of  a 
Christian  mission  on  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  was  the 
first  white  man  known  to  ascend  the  St.  Lawrence. 
He  was  for  years  a  zealous  Catholic  missionary  in 
various  Indian  tribes  in  the  then  Province  of 
Quebec,  and  appears  to  have  obtained  a  powerful 
influence  for  good,  and  for  peace,  with  them. 
Kingsford,  the  historian,  writing  of  him  and  his 
work,  says  :  "The  ceremonies  of  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic religion  directly  appeal  to  that  imaginative 
tone  of  thought,  more  readily  awakened  with  men 
who  hold  close  and  immediate  relationship  with 
nature." 

Of  Le  Moyne 's  first  voyage  up,  Kingsford 
writes  as  follows  :  "Pere  le  Moyne  was  the  first 
known  white  man  who  ascended  the  St.  Lawrence. 
Lake  Ontario  was  early  known.  In  1635  it  is 
spoken  of  as  the  Lac  des  Iroquois,  as  the  shortest 
route  to  the  Huron  country,  but  objectionable, 
owing  to  the  presence  of  enemies,  and  the  few  ad- 
vantages presented  in  its  ascent.  In  1646  Lake 
Ontario  is  mentioned  as  one  of  the  routes  by  which 
the  Onondagas  could  be  reached,  by  the  mission  of 
the  unfortunate  Pere  Jogues.  In  1648,  in  the  des- 
criptive geography  of  the  Jesuits  it  is  named  as 
Lake  Louys,  or  Ontario.  Later,  La  Salle  endeavor- 
ed to  apply  to  it  the  title  of  Lake  Frontenac,  but 
the  above  facts  show  the  early  claims  of  precedence 
of  its  present  name  ;  the  meaning  of  which  has  been 
stated  to  be  "Fine  Lake." 

Le  Moyne  first  ascended  the  St.  Lawrence  in 
1654.  He  left  Montreal  on  the  lyth  of  July,  and, 
after  hard  struggles  and  several  minor  delays, 
reached  the  lake  on  the  29th.  He  passed  up  the 
lake  some  distance  on  the  south  shore,  and  appar- 
ently, up  Oswego  River  to  Salt  Springs,  wl  ere  the 
city  of  Syracuse,  New  York  State,  now  stands.  He 
returned  to  Montreal  with  a  glowing  account  of  the 
country.  At  that  time  the  population  of  the  whole 
of  Canada  was  about  2,000  of  white  people.  The 
missionary  spent  several  after  years  with  the  In- 
dians, and  died  on  the  24th  of  November,  1665,  at 
Cape  de  la  Madeline.  The  historian  says  of  him  : 
"He  will  always  be  remembered  as  the  first 


30      LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

recorded  European  who  ascended  the  St.  Lawrence. 
Possessed  of  remarkable  ability,  courage  and  tact, 
he  must  ever  retain  an  honorable  place  in  Canadian 
annals." 

FIRST  BAY  OF  QUINTE  MISSION. 

Kingsford  says  that  the  first  Roman  Catholic 
mission  of  the  Bay  of  Quinte  was  established  in 
1668.  It  consisted  of  Messrs.  Fenelon  and  Frouve, 
two  Jesuit  missionaries,  who  had  been  in  the 
country  for  some  time.  They  arrived  on  the  28th 
of  October,  and  were  well  received  by  the  Indians. 
Not  much  has  been  written  about  that  mission, 
and  there  is  much  doubt  as  to  where  it  was  located. 

Kingsford  says  :  "It  is  not  possible  to  identify 
the  locality  by  M.  de  Galinee's  map  (prepared  at 
that  time).  The  outline  has  no  resemblance  to  the 
form  of  the  Peninsula  of  Prince  Edward  County. 
Knowing  these  waters  well,  I  can  trace  some  re- 
semblance to  the  River  Moira,  Napanee  and  the 
Bay  terminating  at  Picton.  Assuming  this  locality 
to  be  identified,  one  feels  tempted  to  place  Garrey 
out  at  the  southern  shore  of  the  arm  of  these 
waters  in  the  Township  of  Fredericksburgh,  and 
Quinte  may  have  been  situated  to  the  southwest  of 
Picton,  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  in  the  Township  of 
Marysburgh.  It  must  be  confessed,  however,  that 
in  this  case  it  is  not  possible  to  rise  higher  than 
conjecture." 

Mr.  James,  Deputy  Minister  of  Agriculture, 
Toronto,  writes  that  he  has  been  inquiring  into  it 
and  may  send  the  results  of  his  investigations 
some  day.  Some  think  that  where  Napanee  now 
stands  is  the  location,  but  he  is  inclined  to  doubt 
that. 

In  Dr.  Canniff's  history  of  the  U.  E.  Loyalists 
he  refers  to  the  early  Bay  Missions.  He  writes  : 
"The  Bay  of  Quinte  region  may  be  regarded  as  the 
earliest  mission  field  in  America.  Of  the  four 
missionaries  who  came  with  Champlain  from 
France,  in  1615,  one  at  least  accompanied  him  in 
his  journey  up  the  Ottawa,  across  to  Georgian 
Bay,  and  down  the  Trent  to  the  Bay.  This  was  in 
July,  and  Champlain  was  under  the  necessity  of 
remaining  in  this  region  until  the  following  spring, 
in  the  meantime  visiting  several  of  the  tribes  all 
along  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Ontario.  During 
this  period  the  zealous  Recollect  earnestly  labored 
to  Iny  the  foundation  of  Christianity  among  the 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  31 

natives,   and    planted  the   'ancient  mission'   spoken 
of  by  Father  Piquet,   1751." 

In  regard  to  the  site  of  the  mission  already 
referred  to,  Dr.  Cannifi  writes  as  follows  :  "From 
the  nature  of  the  relics  found  in  the  Indian  burying 
ground,  near  the  Carrying  Place,  at  Bald  Bluff,  by 
Weller's  Bay,  it  might  even  have  been  situated 
there.  Silver  crosses,  and  other  evidences  of 
Roman  Catholic  Christianity,  have  been  found  in 
this  place.  Father  Picquet  remarks  that  the  land 
was  not  good,  but  the  quarter  is  beautiful." 


THIS  COUNTY    A  CENTURY  AGO. 

BY    THOS.    W.    CASEY.     JANUARY    4th,    1901. 

Now  that  the  wonderful  Ninteenth  Century  has 
gone  with  all  its  wonderful  records  of  changes  and 
progress,  it  may  be  of  some  interest  to  note  the 
changes  that  have  occurred  in  this  county  during 
that  time.  We  have  still  living  at  least  one  res- 
pected and  venerable  citizen,  Mrs.  Hartman,  at 
Ernes ttown  Station,  who  has  lived  during  all  the 
years  of  the  past  century  in  this  County,  and  these 
many  changes  have  occurred  during  one  life  time. 

Not  only  has  the  growth  of  this  county  been 
very  great  during  the  past  hundred  years,  but  it 
has  been  truly  marvellous  over  the  whole  world. 
It  is  said  that  the  world's  population  has  increased 
more  during  the  last  century  than  during  all  the 
centuries  that  preceded  it.  These  are  some  of  the 
results  of  the  blessings  of  greater  peace,  greater 
immunity  from  destructive  wars,  and  better  know- 
ledge of  the  causes  and  preventatives  of  many 
destructive  epidemics  which  formerly  caused  such 
a  vast  destruction  of  human  life. 

OUR   OWN   PROVINCE   IN   1800. 

So  far  as  our  own  Province  is  concerned,  it 
may  be  said,  in  brief,  that  at  the  beginning  of  the 
late  century  there  was  only  about  50,000  of  white 
population  in  all  Upper  Canada.  That  was  only 
sixteen  years  after  the  commencement  of  the  U.  E. 
I/,  pioneer  settlements.  It  is  estimated  there  were 
about  10,000  of  them,  all  told,  at  first.  At  the 
time  of  the  American  War  of  1813-15  there  were  less 
than  95,000  in  the  Province.  It  seems  truly  won- 
derful that  such  a  mere  handful  of  hardy  settlers, 


LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

scattered  from  below  Prescott  to  Sandwich,  and 
most  of  them  without  proper  arms,  should  have 
been  able  to  defend  this  province  from  its  numerous 
invaders  for  a  period  of  three  years,  and  at  the  end 
of  that  time  still  maintain  full  possession  of  every 
acre  of  its  territory. 

At  that  time  the  now  Citv  of  Toronto  had  only 
just  been  established,  and  consisted  of  but  a  few 
scattered  houses.  The  seat  of  government  had  just 
been  moved  from  Newark, — now  Niagara — and  es- 
tablished at  York — now  Toronto.  The  second 
Parliament  of  the  Province  was  opened  there  in 
June,  1797,  and  Governor  Simcoe,  the  first  Lieut. 
Governor  of  the  Province,  had  just  returned  to 
England.  Peter  Hunter  was  acting  as  Governor, 
and  it  is  said  that  it  was  during  his  administration 
that  the  system  of  wholesale  land  granting  to 
favorites  began,  which  so  hampered  and  retarded 
the  progress  of  the  country  for  many  years  later. 
In  1801  the  entire  population  of  Toronto  was  but 
336  ;  now  it  is  more  than  200,000. 

THE    EARLY   MAILS. 

A  weekly  mail  had  been  established  between 
Canada  and  the  United  States  at  that  time,  but 
it  was  not  till  1805  that  even  a  monthly  mail  was 
established  between  Upper  and  I/ower  Canada.  As 
late  as  1807  the  mail  from  Kingston  to  Montreal 
was  carried  on  foot.  Then  came  a  time  that  it 
was  carried  on  horse-back,  and  it  was  not  till 
several  vears  later  that  wagons  were  introduced  for 
that  purpose.  As  late  as  1824  there  were  but  42 
postoffices  in  all  this  Province,  and  until  1851  the 
mails  and  postoffices  were  not  under  the  control  of 
the  Canadian  government.  It  was  one  of  the  griev- 
ances of  Mackenzie  and  the  other  Reformers  in  the 
"thirties"  that  while  the  postage  rates  were  enor- 
mously high,  the  revenue  from  them  was  the  personal 
perquisites  of  the  few  officers  appointed  by  the 
British  Government.  The  postage  rate  from  Eng- 
land yet  in  the  thirties  was  $1.25  on  a  single  letter. 
The  smallest  postage  rate  here  in  Canada  was  7% 
cents  on  a  single  letter  for  60  miles  distance  or 
under,  and  it  was  at  the  rate  of  15  cents  on  a 
single  letter  for  100  miles  distance.  During  the 
twenties  and  even  later  the  postage  on  weekly 
newspapers  published  in  Canada  was  four  shillings, 
(80  cents)  per  quarter  on  each  copy,  payable  in 
by  the  publisher.  That  was  one  reason 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS. 

why  the  early  papers  were  so  hampered  in  their 
success. 

As  late  as  1828  the  Kingston  Gazette,  published 
by  Stephen  Miles  at  that  time,  found  it  cheaper 
and  better  to  employ  a  man  to  walk  and  carry  and 
deliver  the  papers  at  stated  places.  It  is  said  his 
route  was,  starting  from  Kingston  up  the  Bay 
Shore  through  Ernesttown,  Bath,  Fredericksburgh, 
and  Adolphustown  ;  then  crossing  the  Bay  at 
Glenora  and  up  through  Prince  Edward  to  "Carry- 
ing Place",  around  by  Trenton,  past  "Myers 
Creek",  now  Belleville,  down  through  Tyendinaga, 
Richmond,  and  back  to  Kingston.  Such  a  round, 
with  such  roads  and  trails  as  then  existed  repre- 
sented a  journey  of  a  week. 

The  writer  well  remembers  when  the  Canadian 
Government  first  got  control  of  the  mails  in  1851, 
and  postage  stamps  were  introduced  for  the  first 
time.  Letter  rates  were  then  reduced  to  5  cents 
uniform,  and  newspaper  postage  to  I  cent  a  copy. 
It  was  not  until  1868  that  postage  on  letters  was 
reduced  to  3  cents,  and  on  papers  to  9  cents  a 
quarter.  Few  of  us  then  ever  expected  to  see  a 
uniform  postage  rate  of  but  2  cents  on  letters  to 
any  part  of  the  British  Empire.  Such  have  been 
some  of  the  changes  of  the  century. 

RAILWAYS  AND  CANALS. 

There  was  not  a  single  mile  of  railways  or 
canals  in  Canada  in  1800,  or  for  years  later.  None 
were  even  dreamed  of.  A  vessel  of  any  considerable 
size  at  Montreal  could  not  possibly  be  got  up  the 
St.  Lawrence  to  the  Lakes.  The  small  batteaux 
and  some  other  open  boats  were  pulled  up  through 
the  St.  Lawrence  rapids  by  long  ropes  over  the 
shoulders  of  men  walking  along  the  shores  and 
wading  the  small  creeks,  aided  by  men  with  poles 
in  the  boats.  A  trip  from  Montreal  to  Kingston, 
with  a  small  open  boat  then  represented  a  week  or 
ten  days  of  very  hard  labor  for  several  persons. 

In  1825  the  first  Canadian  canal  was  opened, 
past  the  Lachine  rapids,  from  Montreal  to  Lachine. 
The  next  link  was  the  Rideau  canal,  from  By-town, 
now  Ottawa,  to  Kingston.  That  was  opened  in 
1832  and  enabled  vessels,  for  the  first  time,  to 
reach  Lake  Ontario  from  Montreal.  The  route  was 
up  the  Ottawa  River  to  where  the  City  of  Ottawa 
now  stands,  then  through  the  new  canal  to  King- 
ston. The  next  year,  1833,  the  Welland  canal  was 


34  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

finished,  opening  up  navigation  from  Lake  Ontario 
to  the  Upper  Lakes,  and  thus  from  the  ocean  to 
the  foot  of  Lake  Superior.  But  it  was  only  vessels 
drawing  a  few  feet  of  water  that  could  pass  even 
this  circuitous  route.  Few  ever  dreamed  as  late  as 
the  forties  of  ever  seeing  the  day  when  ocean  vessels 
could  load  away  back  in  the  heart  of  our  continent, 
and  carry  their  freight  of  a  thousand  tons  or  more 
continuously  through  by  our  Canadian  water-way 
and  canal  system  to  the  ocean.  And  yet  all  this 
has  been  accomplished  in  the  past  century. 

OUR    ROAD    DEVELOPMENT. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  late  century  there  was 
scarcely  a  passable  road  in  all  Upper  Canada.  It 
was  not  possible  to  get  even  a  lumber  wagon 
through  from  Kingston  to  Toronto.  It  was  not  till 
about  1840  that  the  first  steel  spring  carriage  ever 
reached  this  county.  Previous  to  1800  Governor 
Simcoe  had  the  soldiers  opening  out  "Yonge 
street"  from  Toronto  north  to  Lake  Simcoe,  fol- 
lowing trails  and  cattle  paths,  but  it  was  not  until 
years  later  that  it  became  even  a  passable  wagon 
road.  It  was  not  until  181.7  that  the  first  line  of 
stages  was  established  from  Kingston  to  Toronto. 
It  then  represented  a  journey  of  three  days,  and  a 
terrible  journey  it  was.  The  fare  was  $18.00. 
There  was  one  stage  a  week,  and  the  whole  week 
was  spent  in  the  round  trip  between  Kingston  and 
Toronto,  with  frequent  relays  of  horses  and  drivers. 
The  writer  can  well  remember  as  late  as  the  early 
fifties,  when  it  was  a  tedious  stage  journey  of  from 
15  to  1 8  hours  from  Cobourg  to  Napanee.  At  that 
time  there  would  be  but  one  stage  a  day  on  the 
road  from  Toronto  to  Montreal,  and  during  the 
winter  time  there  would  be  seldom  one  through 
passenger  for  that  whole  trip.  Little  did  we  think 
the  end  of  the  century  would  see  Canada  with 
18,000  miles  of  railways,  with  regular  schedule 
time  of  a  mile  a  minute  through  this  county  ;  with 
six  trains  a  day  over  the  road  and  some  of  these 
with  hundreds  of  passengers,  with  two  well-es- 
tablished lines  between  these  now  great  cities,  and 
with  daily  trains  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific 
Oceans,  every  mile  in  Canadian  territory,  and  with 
these  large  and  powerful  trains  frequently  over- 
loaded with  passengers  and  freight.  Yet  such  has 
been  the  progress  of  the  past  century. 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS. 


OUR  OWN  COUNTY. 


In  1800  there  were  few  counties  in  Upper 
Canada  so  thickly  populated  as  our  own  county. 
The  settlers  then  were  without  roads,  and  those 
who  could  secure  homes  and  farms  on  the  water's 
edge  were  fortunate.  The  Bay  of  Quinte  is  so  long, 
so  narrow,  and  so  circuitous  that  with  Hay  Bay, 
and  the  Napanee  River,  a  larger  number  of  farms 
could  be  had  bordering  on  a  navigable  water  than 
perhaps  any  other  county  in  all  Upper  Canada. 
The  ten  townships  first  laid  out  by  the  Government 
surveyors  all  had  more  or  less  settlers  by  1800. 
Nearly  every  available  farm  lot  of  Ernesttown, 
Fredericksburgh,  and  Adolphustown,  had  been  taken 
up.  So  far  as  Adolphustown  was  concerned,  as  it 
had  four  front  concessions  on  one  or  other  bay, 
the  lots  had  all  been  appropriated  at  that  time. 
There  was  in  that  small  township  of  about  11,000 
acres  at  that  time,  90  families,  aggregating  in  all 
499  persons.  We  have  no  record  available  of  the 
number  of  families  in  the  other  townships  of  the 
county,  but  we  know  that  Fredericksburgh  and 
Ernesttown  were  both  pretty  largely  populated, 
even  in  some  of  the  "back  concessions"  up  to  the 
third  and  fourth  ranges. 

There  were  yet  no  roads  of  any  consequence. 
The  log  canoes  and  other  small  boats  were  the  only 
means  of  convenient  travelling  in  the  summer  sea- 
son. The  only  grist  mill  in  the  county  was  at 
Napanee,  where  there  was  also  a  saw  mill.  Peter 
Vanalstine  had  a  saw  mill  and  grist  mill  at  what 
is  now  Glenora,  which  were  a  good  deal  used  by 
many  of  the  people  of  the  front  townships. 

The  only  ministers  in  the  county  up  to  that 
time  were  John  lyanghorn,  Church  of  England,  at 
Bath:  who  was  the  only  one  yet  legally  authorized 
to  solemnize  marriages,  which  he  would  only  do 
at  the  churches  at  Bath,  or  Fredericksburgh  ;  and 
the  Methodist  preachers,  William  Losee,  the  first 
Methodist  missionary,  who  came  in  1790,  and 
Darius  Dunham,  the  first  ordained  Methodist  min- 
ister, who  came  in,  1792,  and  had  that  year  located 
on  his  farm  in  Fredericksburgh,  after  eight  years 
itinerating.  Samuel  Coates  was  then  the  Metho- 
dist preacher  of  the  Bay  circuit,  and  Joseph  Jewell 
the  presiding  elder  of  the  district.  There  were  412 
members  of  the  church  reported  on  the  circuit,  the 
largest  number  of  anv  of  the  four  circuits  in  which 


36  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

the  Province  was  then  divided,  and  more  than  one- 
half  of  the  then  entire  membership  of  the  whole 
Province.  Rev.  Robt.  McDowall,  the  first  Presby- 
terian missionary,  came  that  year,  and  remained  in 
the  country  until  the  time  of  his  death. 

The  only  churches  in  the  county,  of  any  import- 
ance at  that  time,  were  the  Adolphustown  Metho- 
dist Church,  built  in  1792,  and  the  "Parrott" 
Church,  in  the  fourth  concession  of  Ernesttown, 
completed  the  following  year.  The  old  St.  John's 
Church,  at  Bath — still  standing  and  used — was 
built  and  first  used  in  1793,  and  the  first  St.  Paul's 
at  Sandhurst,  S.  Fredericksburgh,  first  used  in 
1791.  It  was,  however,  but  a  small  log  building, 
and  was  burned  some  years  later. 

The  early  Quarter  Sessions  were  established 
before  1800,  and  were  for  the  whole  Midland 
district,  including  all  the  territory  from  Gananoque 
to  Trent  River,  and  they  were  held  alternately  at 
Adolphustown  and  Kingston.  These  were  then  the 
only  courts  in  existence  in  the  country,  but  the 
"Court  of  Requests,"  for  the  collecting  of  small 
accounts  and  other  debts. 

About  the  only  school  of  any  importance  yet 
established  in  this  section  was  that  of  Rev.  John 
Stuart,  at  Kingston. 

No  steamboats  had  yet  an  existence  in  Canada. 
The  first  one  on  Canadian  waters  at  all  was  the 
"Accommodation,"  built  by  the  Molsons,  of  Mont- 
real, for  the  route  from  there  to  Quebec.  It  was 
not  till  1816  that  the  first  steamer,  the 
"Frontenac,"  sailed  on  Upper  Canadian  waters. 
That  was  built  in  this  county  at  Finkle's  Point, 
Bath,  in  1815.  The  first  steamer  on  the  Bay  of 
Quinte,  the  "Charlotte,"  was  also  built  at  Finkle's 
in  1817.  Many  of  the  old  inhabitants  yet  remember 
that  steamer. 

What  progress  and  changes  have  been  made  in 
the  late  century  !  None  of  us  may  know  whether 
the  new  century  will  surpass  it  in  these  respects. 
The  general  impression  is  that  it  will. 


OUR  COUNTY'S  FIRST  SURVEYS. 

BY  THOS.  W.   CASEY.    NOVEMBER   17th,   1899. 

As  there  has  been  a  considerable  misapprehen- 
sion and  controversy  about  when  and  where  the 
first  Government  surveys  were  made  in  connection 
with  the  Townships  adjoining  Bay  of  Quinte,  from 
Kingston  west,  we  have  been  at  some  pains  to 
collect  and  arrange  available  correct  information 
regarding  that  matter.  Fortunately  Mr.  J.  J. 
Murphy,  of  the  Ontario  Crown  Lands  Department, 
has  rendered  excellent  service  in  preparing  a  docu- 
mentary history  of  these  first  surveys,  compiled 
from  the  original  letters  and  reports  of  the  Gover- 
nor and  the  principal  surveyors,  which  sets  at  rest 
any  doubts  there  may  have  been  before.  We  are 
indebted  to  that  report  for  the  principal  items  of 
information  here  given. 

FIRST    UPPER    CANADA    SURVEYS. 

It  was  not  until  after  the  conclusion  of  the 
Treaty  of  Peace  between  England  and  the  United 
States,  after  the  American  Revolution,  that  there 
appear  to  have  been  any  official  government  surveys 
at  all  in  what  is  now  the  Province  of  Ontario. 
The  entire  British  possessions  north  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  River  and  the  Great  Lakes  was  then  a 
portion  of  the  Province  of  Quebec,  and  there  had 
been  very  few  permanent  English  settlers  west  of 
Montreal.  The  French,  while  the  entire  territory 
still  was  in  their  possession,  had  made  some 
settlements  about  Fort  Frontenac,  now  Kingston, 
but  they  were  made  almost  entirely  for  fur  trading 
purposes  with  the  Indians. 

When  the  British  Government  found  it  was 
necessary  to  provide  homes  for  the  United  Empire 
Loyalists  outside  of  United  States  territory,  official 
attention  was  first  given  to  what  is  now  this  pro- 
vince, as  a  place  of  permanent  settlement.  General 
Frederick  Haldimand  was  Governor-General  at 
Quebec  at  that  time  and  arrangements  appear  to 
have  been  made  between  him  and  Sir  Guy  Carlton, 
then  in  command  of  the  British  forces  at  New  York, 
to  take  steps  to  open  up  the  country  for  settlement 
as  soon  as  possible.  Major  Holland  had  been  for 


LENNOX   AND   ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

some  years  Surveyor-General  at  Quebec,  and  on  the 
26th  of  May,  1783,  he  received  official  instructions 
from  Governor  Haldimand  to  proceed  at  once  to 
the  head  of  the  St.  Lawrence  on  a  surveying  tour. 
His  instructions  were  to  go  to  the  neighborhood  of 
the  old  French  fort  at  Cataraqui  and  survey  lands 
there  and  thereabouts.  One  of  his  first  duties  was 
to  locate  and  survey  out  a  town,  where  Kingston 
now  lies,  and  to  examine  the  surrounding  country 
and  ascertain  what  lands,  if  any,  were  fit  for  set- 
tlement, and  to  first  have  these  surveyed  in  town- 
ships of  six  miles  square  each  and  these  again  into 
lots  of  200  acres  each.  John  Collins  was  Deputy. 
Surveyor-General,  and  he  appears  to  have  had  the 
immediate  personal  oversight  of  these  surveys. 
He  was  provided  with  two  assistants,  and  during 
the  fall  of  1783  they  appear  to  have  made  the  out- 
line surveys  of  the  five  townships  west  of  Kingston, 
of  which  further  particulars  will  be  hereafter  given. 
These  townships  were  at  first,  and  for  years  after, 
popularly  known  by  the  early  settlers  as  First, 
Second,  Third,  Fourth  and  Fifth  towns,  though  it 
is  now  evident  that  from  the  beginning  they  were 
officially  given  the  proper  names  by  which  they  are 
now  known. 

INSTRUCTIONS    GIVEN. 

The  copies  of  the  original  letters  of  instructions 
to  the  surveyors  and  their  reports,  as  found  in  the 
archives  of  the  Government  Departments,  have 
been  prepared  by  Mr.  Murphy,  and  published  by  the 
Surveyors'  Association  of  this  Province. 

The  first  letter  from  Governor  Haldimand  to 
Surveyor  Holland  bears  date  of  Quebec,  May  26th, 
1783.  It  says,  among  other  things  :  "As  it  is 
necessary  that  I  should  be  informed  of  the  nature 
of  the  country  from  the  last  concessions  to  Catara- 
qui, and  thence  to  Niagara,  on  the  north  side  of 
Lake  Ontario,  you  are  hereby  directed  to  set  off 
immediately  from  Montreal,  to  proceed  to  Catara- 
qui, where  you  will  minutely  examine  into  the 
situation  and  state  of  the  post  formerly  occupied 
by  the  French,  and  the  land  and  country  adjacent; 
considering  the  facility  of  establishing  settlement 
there  *  *  *  in  the  meantime,  if  you  find  the  fort 
in  such  a  state  as  is  correspondent  with  the  views 
and  instructions  I  have  communicated  to  you,  you 
will,  without  loss  of  time,  make  application  to 
Major  Harris,  commanding  at  Carl  ton  Island,  for 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  39 

workman,  tools,  and  materials  as  you  may  require. 
Having  made  your  observations  at  Cataraqui  and 
given  such  directions  as  you  think  necessary,  you 
will  send  forward  the  gentlemen  who  accompany 
you  for  the  purpose  of  continuing  the  examination 
of  the  country  to  Niagara." 

These  were,  no  doubt,  the  first  official  instruc- 
tions of  any  Government  survey  in  this  Province. 

INSTRUCTIONS    TO    DEPUTY    COLLINS. 

It  was  on  the  nth  of  September,  1783,  that 
Governor  Haldimand  first  gave  official  instructions, 
from  Quebec,  to  John  Collins  in  reference  to  the 
survey  of  the  townships  on  the  Bay,  west  of  King- 
ston. Here  are  some  extracts  : 

11  It  being  my  intention  to  establish  settlements 
for  the  provision  of  part  of  the  distressed  U.  E. 
loyalists  resorting  to  this  Province  at  and  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Cataraqui,  upon  I/ake  Ontario,  you 
are  hereby  directed  to  proceed  to  that  place  without 
loss  of  time,  for  the  purpose  of  laying  out  the 
several  lands  in  townships  and  lots  agreeably  to  the 
following  instructions  :" 

After  giving  instructions  about  the  location  and 
survey  of  Kingston,  which  we  have  not  space  to 
refer  to  here,  the  Governor  specifies  how  the  town- 
ships are  to  be  surveyed,  each  to  be  six  miles 
square  and  to  be  divided  into  lots  of  120  acres  each, 
one  to  go  to  each  family  ;  the  townships  to  be 
seven  concessions  deeu.  He  was  to  be  assisted  by 
Capt.  Sherwood  and  Lieut.  Kotte  "and  also  by 
Mr.  Grass,  captain  of  one  of  the  companies  of  mi- 
litia intended  for  that  settlement,"  and  they  were 
to  be  attended  by  axemen.  Mr.  Grass,  it  may  be 
remembered,  was  the  head  of  the  company  that 
settled  in  First  town,  or  Kingston  township,  where 
a  number  of  his  descendants  yet  reside.  He  had 
been  in  the  British  service  before  the  American 
Revolution,  and  had  been  once  made  a  prisoner  in 
one  of  the  French  wars  and  was  at  Cataraqui 
during  that  time.  It  was  because  of  the  informa- 
tion he  received  of  the  country  during  that  time, 
and  at  his  recommend  that  Sir  Guy  Carlton  re- 
solved to  send  a  part  of  the  Loyalists  to  that  sec- 
tion. 

COLLINS'    REPORTS    OP    PROGRESS. 

Several  letters  of  Collins  are  given,  reporting 
progress  in  his  surveys.  The  first  is  dated  from 
Cataraqui,  October  2d,  1783,  in  which  he  reports  : 


40  LENNOX    AND   ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

"I  arrived  here  yesterday  evening  in  company  with 
Captain  Sherwood.  I  waited  on  Major  Ross  (at 
Carlton  Island)  and  showed  him  my  instructions. 
He  advised  that  as  the  lands  proposed  for  town- 
ships were  not  yet  purchased  from  the  savages  I 
should  stop  a  few  days  till  that  was  done,  as  a  per- 
son was  sent  to  bring  them  for  that  purpose." 

Then  on  the  3d  of  November,  1783,  he  again 
reports  that  in  consequence  of  rains  a  good  deal  of 
the  low  land  was  covered  with  water  and  he  had 
only  been  able  to  survey  one  township  (Kingston). 
He  and  assistants  were  to  set  off  the  next  day  to 
lay  out  a  second  township  (Krnesttown),  which  will 
be  a  few  miles  above  the  first.  He  reported  that 
the  lands  between  the  two  are  stony  and  unfit  for 
cultivation. 

I/ater  on,  the  date  not  given,  Mr.  Collins  sends 
a  description  of  the  townships  and  the  date  of  the 
surveys,  from  which  we  extract  the  following  : 

ERNESTTOWN  AND   FREDERICKSBURGH. 

"Township  No.  2,  a  township  or  tract  six  miles 
square,  situated  on  the  north  side  of  Lake  Ontario, 
bounded  in  front  by  said  lake,  and  in  depth  by  the 
ungranted  lands  belonging  to  the  King,  on  the  east 
by  the  ungranted  lands  as  aforesaid,  and  on  the 
west  by  the  township  marked  on  the  plan  No.  3  .  . 
including  twenty-three  thousand  and  forty  superfi- 
cial acres  of  land  which  appear  to  be  equal  in 
quality  to  the  best  in  America.  Surveyed  the  7th 
day  of  November,  1783." 

Of  Township  No.  2,  Fredericksburgh,  there  was 
a  similar  report  of  its  boundaries,  giving  minute 
details.  He  adds  that,  "The  quality  of  the  land 
and  woods  are  the  same  as  described  in  No.  I, 
(Kingston).  Surveyed  the  I2th  day  of  November, 
1783- " 

ADOLPHUSTOWN. 

As  there  has  been  more  difference  of  opinion 
about  the  date  of  the  survey  of  Adolphustown,  we 
give  the  verbatim  report.  It  has  been  thought  by 
many  that  Adolphustown  was  the  first  of  the  town- 
ships surveyed,  but  the  date  given  by  Mr.  Collins' 
report,  it  will  be  seen,  does  not  carry  out  that 
idea.  He  reported  as  follows  : 

"Surveyed  according  to  the  above  scheme  or 
plot  hereunto  annexed,  a  township  or  tract  of  land 
situate  on  the  north  side  of  the  Bav  of  Quinte, 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  -11 

bounded  in  front  by  the  aforesaid  bay,  and  in  depth 
by  ungranted  lands  belonging  to  the  King  ;  on  the 
west  by  the  bay  aforesaid,  and  on  the  east  by  the 
division  line  that  divides  this  township  from  No.  3. 
Beginning  at  a  stone  fixed  on  the  north  bank  of  the 
Bay  of  Ouinte,  the  upper  boundary  of  No.  3,  and 
runs  up  the  Bay  the  several  courses  of  the  water 
to  the  west  point  or  peninsula  of  land  that  lies 
between  the  said  Bay  of  Quinte  and  Savannah  Bay  ; 
thence  crossing  Savannah  Bay  north  fifty-one  de- 
grees, east  seven  hundred  and  fifty  nine  perches  to 
a  stone  boundary  standing  in  the  line  of  No.  3  ; 
thence  down  the  said  line  south  thirty  one  degrees, 
east  five  miles  and  two  hundred  and  eighty  perches 
to  the  first  station.  Surveyed  the  I5th  November, 
1783."  Signed  J.  Collins,  D.  S.  General,  assisted 
by  Capt.  Sherwood  and  I/ieut.  Kotte. 

Savannah  Bay  here  referred  to  must  be  Hay 
Bay.  When  the  name  was  changed  we  do  not  know. 

That  description  must  include  the  whole  of 
Adolphustown  as  it  was  first  surveyed.  At  a  later 
time  twelve  lots  were  cut  off  and  added  to  Freder- 
icksburgh,  and  is  now  known  as  "Fredericksburgh 
additional."  It  is  said  that  Mr.  Collins  very 
strongly  opposed  that  division  of  the  township, 
which  was  done  to  meet  the  wishes  of  those  settling 
in  Fredericksburgh,  so  as  to  give  enough  lots  to 
supply  every  family  of  that  company. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  date  of  the  survey  here 
reported  is  later  than  the  other  three  townships. 

THE    AFTER    SURVEYS. 

It  is  probable  that  the  work  of  the  surveys  for 
the  year  1783  ended  with  that  of  Adolphustown,  on 
the  1 5th  of  November.  It  was  not  till  the  next 
year  that  the  lots  in  the  various  townships  were 
surveyed  out.  It  will  be  seen  that  but  five  days 
were  taken  to  survey  Fredericksburgh,  and  but 
three  for  Adolphustown.  No  report  is  given  in  the 
collection  here  referred  to  of  the  work  of  the  fol- 
lowing season, — the  year  of  the  actual  arrival  of 
the  Loyalists,  who  had  wintered  at  Sorel,  below 
Montreal,  on  the  tedious  round- the-ocean  journey 
from  New  York.  It  is  reported,  however,  that  a 
number  of  surveyors  began  their  work  early  that 
spring.  It  is  known  that  when  the  Adolphustown 
company  landed  there  on  the  i6th  of  June  the  sur- 
veys of  the  lots  had  not  yet  been  completed  and  the 
company  had  to  remain  in  their  canvas  tents  for 


42  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

some  time  on  that  account,  until  a  farm  could  be 
apportioned  by  lot  to  each  family.  Whether  there 
was  any  similar  delay  in  the  other  townships  also 
we  have  never  learned. 

MR.    COLLINS'   INSTRUCTIONS. 

On  the  1 8th  of  May,  1784,  Governor  Haldi- 
mand,  at  Quebec,  gave  written  instructions  to 
Collins  to  proceed  west  at  once  with  a  view  of 
locating  the  settlers.  It  was  three  days  after  that 
date  that  the  Company  left  Sorel  for  their  long  and 
dangerous  journey  up  the  St.  Lawrence.  A  part  of 
the  instructions  reads  as  follows  : — 

"From  Sorel  you  will  proceed  to  Montreal, 
where  you  will  confer  with  Sir  John  Johnson,  to 
whose  direction  I  have  thought  fit  to  commit  the 
settlement  of  the  disbanded  troops  and  Loyalists 
in  the  Upper  District  of  the  Province,  and  to  whom 
you  will  give  every  assistance  in  your  power.  *  * 
You  will,  of  course,  first  proceed  to  settle  the 
Royal  Regiment  of  New  York  upon  the  ground  al- 
lotted for  them,  which  I  hope  is  by  this  time  nearly 
laid  out  from  thence  upwards  to  Cataraqui.  His 
Majesty's  instructions  respecting  the  manner  of 
laying  out  the  land  are  that  every  partiality  is  to 
be  avoided — for  which  purpose  my  instructions  to 
Sir  John  Johnson  direct  that  the  townships  and 
lots  'in  each  are  to  be  indiscriminately  drawn  for, 
as  well  by  the  officers  as  the  men.  On  Sir  John 
Johnson's  and  your  zeal  for  the  king's  service  and 
the  happiness  of  the  settlers,  I  therefore,  rely  on  a 
successful  execution  of  it." 

COLLINS*   REPORT   OF  PROGRESS. 

On  the  1 2th  of  August,  1784,  from  Cataraqui, 
Mr.  Collins  reported  to  Governor  Haldimand  that 
he  had  completed  the  survey  and  settlement  of  the 
5th  township  (Marysburgh)  "situated  on  the  Penin- 
sula between  Lake  Ontario  and  Bay  of  Quinte." 
He  then  wrote  :  "The  whole  of  the  disbanded  Brit- 
ish troops  and  Germans  have  drawn  their  lots. 
Bach  man  has  taken  the  oaths,  agreeable  to  the 
King's  instructions,  signed  the  books,  received  his 
certificate,  and  is  now  in  possession  of  his  land, 
with  which  I  am  persuaded  they  will  be  pleased,  as 
the  land  in  general  appears  to  be  a  good  quality." 

In  regard  to  the  delays  about  the  final  appor- 
tionment Mr.  Collins  reports  as  follows  : 

"The  poor  people    have    set    themselves  down, 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  43 

half  a  dozen  together,  in  different  parts  of  the 
township,  not  knowing  where  to  find  their  lots, 
except  those  on  the  front  ;  nor  can  it  be  expected, 
until  the  several  lines  between  the  different  con- 
cessions be  drawn  and  boundaries  fixed,  which  has 
not  yet  been  done." 

Then  of  Adolphustown  he  adds  :  "With  respect 
to  the  fourth  township,  nothing  can  be  done  until 
Your  Excellency  determines  to  whom  it  belongs. 
No  doubt  the  parties  who  are  obliged  to  quit  their 
claims  will  expect  their  land  in  some  other  place. 
I  shall,  therefore,  without  loss  of  time,  when  the 
business  above  mentioned  is  completed,  go  in  search 
of  another  township,  and  by  the  first  conveyance 
send  Your  Excellency  a  plan  of  settlement  lately 
made,  with  an  account  of  my  success." 

HOW   DISPOSED  IN   NUMBERS. 

There  is  a  memorandum  of  a  meeting  of  the 
Governor  in  Council  at  Quebec,  on  the  iyth  of 
November,  1784,  in  which  a  report  is  made  about 
the  final  disposition  of  the  settlers.  It  is  reported 
that  "besides  provisions,  spades,  hoes,  and  other 
implements  of  agriculture,  clothing  and  camp 
equipage  had  been  furnished  to  the  settlers  from 
the  king's  stores,  and  that  precautions  were  taken 
to  procure  for  their  use  wheat,  Indian  corn,  pota- 
toes and  garden  seeds  for  the  ensuing  spring." 

As  to  the  numbers  located  in  the  various  town- 
ships we  make  the  following  extracts  : 

Township  No.  I,  Capt.  Grass'  party  and  those 
attached,  187. 

No.  2  (Ernesttown)  part  of  Major  Jessup's  and 
those  attached,  434. 

No.  3  (Fredericksburgh)  Major  Rogers'  corps 
and  those  attached,  299. 

No.  4  (Adolphustown)  Major  VanAlstine's 
party  of  Loyalists,  258. 

No.  5  (Marysburgh)  different  detachments  of 
disbanded  regular  regiments,  259. 

Rangers  of  the  Six  Nation  department  and  loy- 
alists settled  with  the  Mohawk  Indians,  28. 


THE  ADOLPHUSTOWN  U.  E.  L.  BURYING 
GROUND. 

BY  THOS.  W.  CASEY.  AUGUST  24th,  19OO. 


STORY  OP  THE  BURYING  GROUND. 

It  was  on  the  i6th  June,  1784,  that  the  first 
company  of  U.  E.  L.  refugees  first  landed  at  Adol- 
phustown,  to  hew  out  to  themselves  homes  in  the 
then  unbroken  wilderness  of  the  township.  They 
had  been  driven  from  their  native  country  and  their 
former  comfortable  homes  in  New  Jersey  and  New 
York  after  the  conclusion  of  the  war  of  the  Ameri- 
can Revolution,  their  sole  crime  being  that  they 
maintained  their  loyalty  to  the  British  flag  during 
that  war.  In  common  with  thousands  of  others 
their  lands  and  their  property  had  been  declared 
forfeited,  and  they  were  subjected  to  banishment. 
After  the  lands  fit  for  settlement  in  Nova  Scotia 
and  New  Brunswick  had  been  exhausted,  it  was 
deemed  best  to  try  settlements  in  Upper  Canada, 
then  a  part  of  the  Province;  of  Quebec.  They  left 
New  York  in  September,  1783,  in  several  small 
sailing  vessels,  escorted  by  a  British  man-of-war, 
and,  after  a  very  tedious  voyage  around  the  Atlan- 
tic coast,  spent  the  winter  in  Sorel,  below 
Montreal,  and  resumed  their  hazardous  trip  early 
in  the  spring  up  the  St.  Lawrence  in  small  open 
boats,  reaching  their  destination  on  the  i6th  of 
June.  When  the  Loyalists  landed  in  June  it  was 
told  them  that  the  surveyors  had  not  yet  completed 
their  work  of  the  lots  and  until  it  was  done  no 
apportionment  could  be  made,  as  each  family  was 
to  receive  its  farm  by  "drawing  lots." 

The  company  had,  therefore,  to  remain  for 
some  weeks  in  their  cotton  canvas  tents  with 
which  they  had  been  provided  by  the  government. 
While  they  were  thus  delayed,  a  young  child,  a 
little  girl  about  six  years  of  age,  died.  The  child 
was  buried  on  a  small  rise  of  ground  just  back  of 
the  tent  encampment.  Not  many  weeks  later,  dur- 
ing the  same  season,  one  of  the  men,  a  Mr.  Hoover, 
was  killed  by  the  falling  of  a  limb  from  a  tree  he 
was  chopping  and  he,  too,  was  buried  in  the  same 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  45 

place.  After  that  time,  for  several  years,  it  was 
made  the  last  resting  place  of  nearly  all  who  died 
in  the  township  south  of  Hay  Bay.  Perhaps  nearly 
every  one  of  the  earliest  families  in  all  that  district 
was  represented  by  one  or  by  all  their  members  in 
that  memorable  ground.  It  was  long  popularly 
known  as  the  "U.  E.  Loyalist  Burying  Ground." 

THE  CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION. 

In  June,  1884,  arrangements  had  been  made  for 
a  centennial  celebration  at  Adolphustown,  in  com- 
memoration of  the  landing  of  the  first  settlers  a 
hundred  years  before.  That  celebration  was  on  the 
most  extensive  scale  of  any  gathering  ever  held  in 
the  township.  It  lasted  several  days  and  was,  in 
all,  attended  by  some  thousands  of  people.  The 
celebration  proper  began  on  Monday,  i6th  June, 
but  on  the  previous  Saturday  there  was  a  large 
gathering  in  the  second  concession  in  connection 
with  the  laying  of  the  corner  stone  of  the  Methodist 
U.  E.  L.  Memorial  church.  It  was  laid  by  Mrs. 
Joseph  Allison,  at  that  time  the  oldest  surviving 
member  of  the  Methodist  U.  E.  L.  families  in  the 
township.  She  was  a  member  of  the  Hoover 
family, — a  family  noted  among  the  early  pioneers  ; 
and  her  husband,  also  a  child  of  one  of  the  earliest 
of  the  pioneer  families,  was  born  while  his  parents 
were  on  their  way  from  their  old  home  at  Haver- 
straw,  Duchess  County,  N.Y.,  to  their  new  home  in 
Adolphustown.  He  became  a  popular  local 
preacher  in  the  Methodist  church.  He  had  died 
years  before  that  time,  and  now  he  and  his  faithful 
wife  lie  side  by  side,  with  several  members  of  their 
family,  in  the  Allison  mausoleum  near  the  bay 
shore,  on  the  old  homestead  farm. 

The  corner  stone  of  the  Anglican  U.  E.  L. 
Church  (St.  Alban's)  was  also  laid  during  the 
celebration  week,  by  Lieut. -Governor  Hon.  J. 
Beverly  Robinson, — also  a  descendant  of  the  U.  E. 
Loyalists,  and  nearly  connected  by  marriage  with 
the  Adolphustown  Hagermans. 

The  following  account  of  the  celebration  proper 
was  taken  from  the  volume  published  just  after 
that  time,  giving  the  official  report  of  the  proceed- 
ings :- 

"On  Monday,  the  i6th  June  (1884)  the  celebra- 
tion commenced.  From  early  dawn  carriages  began 
to  arrive  ;  all  Adolphustown  and  adjacent  places 
were  well  represented.  The  day  was  most  auspic- 


46  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

ious.  By  noon  a  number  of  boats  from  Belleville 
on  the  west  and  Kingston  on  the  east,  arrived  with 
decks  crowded  from  all  the  intervening  points.  The 
Picton  troop  of  cavalry  under  Major  Fred  White, 
was  among  the  arrivals.  Three  bands  discoursed 
sweet  music  at  frequent  intervals,  the  fine  band  of 
the  15th  Battalion,  the  band  from  Picton,  and  the 
band  of  Kingston.  The  military  display  opened  by 
the  playing  of  the  National  Anthem,  and  a  public 
invocation  of  Divine  blessing  on  the  day's  festivities 
and  those  taking  part  in  them.  In  the  afternoon 
the  people  were  summoned  about  the  speaker's 
stand,  and  addresses  were  delivered.  Above  the 
speakers'  heads  floated  the  handsome  flag  of  the 
Native  Canadian  Society,  of  Belleville.  The  pro- 
gramme was  opened  by  playing  the  National 
Anthem,"  and  the  invocation  of  the  Divine  blessing 
and  returning  thanks  for  the  prosperity  which  has 
attended  the  IT.  B.  I/oyalists  and  their  descendants 
and  the  nation  which  they  founded. 

THE   CELEBRATION    COMMITTEE. 

As  so  many  of  the  active  and  well  known  men 
of  that  day  who  constituted  the  Committee  at  that 
time  have  since  been  gathered  to  their  fathers,  it 
may  be  well  enough  to  name  them  here.  They 
deserve  honorable  mention  in  this  connection,  for 
they  entered  most  heartily  in  the  work  in  connec- 
tion with  that  centennial  celebration. 

Ivewis  L.  Bogart,  who  resided  north  of  Hay 
Bay,  was  the  President.  He  was  then  the  oldest 
of  the  survivors  of  the  first  Pioneer  families.  He 
died  several  years  ago,  between  eighty  and  ninety 
years  of  age,  and  lies  buried  with  his  wife,  two  of 
his  children,  and  his  parents  in  a  family  plot  near 
the  old  homestead,  on  the  north  shore  of  Hay  Bay. 

vlohn  J.  Watson,  J.P.,  was  the  Corresponding 
Secretary,  and  took  a  very  active  interest  in  the 
celebration.  He  was  for  many  years  an  active  and 
prominent  citizen  of  the  township  and  filled  many 
prominent  positions  in  his  native  township,  such 
as  Township  Clerk  in  his  early  years,  as  a  member 
of  the  Township  Council,  as  Reeve  of  the  Town- 
ship, as  Warden  of  this  County,  as  President  of  the 
I/ennox  Conservative  Association,  and  other  posi- 
tions. He  died  years  ago  and  lies  buried  in  their 
own  family  plot  just  east  of  the  St.  Alban's 
Church,  of  which  he  was  a  member. 

A.   Iv.   Morden,   O.C.,   of    Napanee,    was  also    a 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  47 

member  of  that  Committee,  and  one  of  the 
principal  speakers  at  the  public  meeting.  His 
death  a  few  years  ago,  while  yet  apparently  in  the 
meridian  of  life  ;  the  bringing  of  his  body  home 
from  Scotland,  where  he  was  on  a  visit  at  the 
time  of  his  death  ;  and  the  immense  funeral  in  the 
Western  Methodist  Church  here,  are  yet  subjects  of 
painful  remembrance. 

Archibald  C.  Davis,  an  ex-Reeve  of  the  Town- 
ship, to  which  position  he  was  several  times  elected 
was  also  one  of  the  Committee.  He  died  suddenly 
at  his  own  home  some  years  ago  and  lies  buried  in 
the  yard  of  the  Methodist  Church  near  by.  He  has 
a  number  of  descendants  now  prominent  and  well 
known  men  in  this  county. 

Paul  Trumpour  was  another  of  the  Committee, 
and  was  at  that  time  a  large  farmer  and  a  well 
known  citizen.  He  belonged  to  the  Trumpour  and 
Borland  families — his  mother  was  a  Borland — who 
have  been  well  represented  in  Adolphustown  from 
its  first  settlement  to  this  day.  He  died  years  ago 
at  a  ripe  old  age,  but  some  of  his  brothers(  and 
sisters  are  yet  among  our  well  known  residents. 

George  German,  who  lived  north  of  Hay  Bay, 
was  another,  and  also  a  descendant  of  one  of  the 
early  and  well  known  families.  He  died  years  ago 
and  lies  buried  with  his  parents  and  grandparents 
in  the  old  burying  ground  at  "Bogart's  Hill." 

Br.  Allen  Ruttan,  of  Napanee,  was  also  on  that 
list.  He  was  a  grandson  of  the  first  families,  both 
on  the  father's  and  mother's  side — his  mother  being 
a  Roblin.  How  well  and  kindly  remembered  is  the 
genial  Boctor  yet,  not  only  in  Napanee,  but 
throughout  the  county,  though  it  is  now  some 
years  since  his  death. 

James  S.  McCuaig,  ex-M.P.,  of  Picton,  was 
another,  and  a  very  active  and  enthusiastic  U.  K. 
I/,  he  was.  His  mother  was  a  Trumpour,  of  Adol- 
phustown, and  though  he  was  a  native  of  Prince 
Edward  County,  and  a  life  long  resident  there,  he 
always  took  a  lively  interest  in  old  Adolphustown 
affairs.  He  lies  buried  near  his  father  and  relatives 
at  Picton. 

Solomon  Wright,  J.P.,  one.  of  the  staunch  and 
honored  men  of  South  Fredericksburgh  was  also 
on  the  list.  Though  a  man  of  few  words  he  was 
one  of  the  "reliables"  in  deeds,  in  all  matters  of 
church  and  state.  He  died  years  ago,  but  he  lives 
vet  in  the  memories  of  nearly  all  who  ever  knew 


48  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

him.     His  children  are  yet  among  the  well  known 
citizens  of  our  county. 

William  Peterson,  of  the  Hay  Bay  south  shore, 
and  at  that  time  one  of  the  well  known  survivors 
of  the  first  pioneer  families,  has  also  been  gathered 
to  his  fathers,  but  is  yet  kindly  remembered  by  a 
large  circle  of  relatives  and  friends.  The  Petersons 
were  a  numerous  and  much  respected  family  in  the 
early  settlement  of  this  County,  and  they  are  yet 
largely  represented  through  the  Bay  counties. 

THE    MEMORIAL    MONUMENT. 

We  have  not  space  at  our  disposal  to  make 
mention  of  the  two  days'  meetings,  the  speeches 
and  the  speakers.  It  was  then  arranged  that  a 
suitable  monument  should  be  erected.  It  now 
stands  where  it  can  be  plainly  seen  from  the  bay, 
a  grey  granite  square  monument,  about  12  feet 
high,  resting  on  a  solid  limestone  base.  It  has  this 
inscription, 

"In  Memory   of  the   U.   E.   Loyalists,   who 
through  Loyalty  to  British 

Institutions, 

Left  the  U.   S.   and  Landed  on  these 

Shores  on  the  16th  of 

June,    1786." 

Surrounding  it  are  a  few  head  stones  in 
memory  of  some  of  the  earlier  men  and  women, 
erected  by  some  descendants  of  families  at  a  later 
time.  In  that  day  there  were  no  head  stones  avail- 
able ;  red  cedar  posts  being  used.  Many  of  these 
posts  are  yet  standing,  but  whose  graves  they  may 
designate  is  now  hardly  known.  Some  of  the  most 
prominent  and  influential  men  of  their  day  in  this 
Province  now  rest  there  in  unmarked  and  unknown 
graves.  It  seems  a  real  pity  it  should  be  so,  con- 
sidering how  much  our  countv  and  our  country  owe 
to  them.  Here  are  a  few  of  that  class  : — 

Major  Peter  VanAlstine,  the  leader  of  the 
Adolphustowrn  Company,  the  head  of  a  very  large 
number  of  descendants,  and  the  Representative  in 
the  First  and  Second  Parliaments  of  Upper  Canada 
of  Adolphustown  and  Prince  Edward  Counties. 
There  is  nothing  now  to  mark  his  grave  or  that  of 
the  several  members  of  his  family  buried  there.  It 
is  said  they  lie  next  to  the  Allisons  in  the  north- 
east corner  of  the  grounds. 

Thomas  Borland,    also   a    leading    man  in     the- 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  49 

affairs  of  the  township,  both  municipal,  militia 
and  parliamentary,  for  years,  and  a  member  of  the 
Third  Parliament  of  Upper  Canada. 

Nicholas  Hagerman,  who  resided  on  the  farm 
where  this  historical  burial  place  is  located.  He 
was  the  first  regularly  authorized  practising  lawyer 
in  Upper  Canada,  the  father  of  three  sons,  who 
became  lawyers  ;  two  of  them  were  members  of 
the  old  Upper  Canada  Parliament,  and  one  of  them 
a  prominent  member  of  the  old  "Family  Compact 
Government"  away  back  in  the  thirties,  and  later 
on  a  Chief  Justice  in  our  courts,  and  the  father- 
in-law  of  the  late  Hon.  John  Beverly  Robinson, 
I/ieut. -Governor  of  Ontario. 

In  another  part  of  the  plot  and  near  the  large 
monument  lie  Willet  Casey,  a  member  of  the 
Fourth  Parliament,  and  one  of  the  richest  and 
most  active  men  in  the  township  in  his  day,  and 
his  son,  Capt.  Samuel  Casey,  also  a  member  of 
one  of  the  early  Parliaments,  in  the  early  twenties, 
and  their  wives  and  other  members  of  their  famil- 
ies. Years  ago  Mrs.  Isaac  Ingersoll,  a  daughter  of 
Willet  Casey,  had  stones  erected  at  her  expense  in 
memory  of  her  father,  brother  and  other  relatives. 
These  had  become  so  much  dilapidated  and  moss- 
covered  that  their  inscriptions  were  hardly 
decipherable.  Recently  Mr.  George  H.  Casey,  of 
Butte,  Montana,  has  very  generously  provided  the 
means  to  have  them  entirely  renovated,  surrounded 
with  a  new  wrought-iron  fence,  and  otherwise 
much  improved,  so  that  they  may  now  stand  good 
for  a  generation  yet  to  come.  Others  who  have  the 
means  at  their  disposal  would  do  well  to  follow 
the  same  praiseworthy  example. 

The  names  could  be  given  of  many  others,  as 
worthy  and  patriotic,  who  also  lie  there,  but  want 
of  sufficient  space  in  these  columns  now  prevents 
even  an  enumeration  of  their  names.  That  may 
be  attempted  in  the  near  future,  however. 


IN  OI4)-TIME  GRAVEYARDS. 

FROM  TORONTO   WEEKLY   SUN.    AUGUST   9th,    1899. 
WHERE  THE  FATHERS  OF  ONTARIO  LIE  BURIED. 


SOME    PECULIAR    INSCRIPTIONS. 


VICTIMS   OF   DIPHTHERIA   AND   THE    CHOLERA    PLAGUE. 


Ivennox  and  Frontenac  witnessed  the  very  be- 
ginnings of  Ontario.  In  the  two  old  counties  is 
found  the  story  of  many  of  the  First  Things  in  the 
Province.  It  was  along  their  front  that  the  first 
settlement  was  formed  by  the  refugees  who  came 
to  this  country  after  the  American  Revolution,  and 
it  was  "here  that  the  first  Ontario  municipal  organi- 
zation was  formed. 

The  people  who  made  up  the  pioneers'  settle- 
ment left  New  York  in  the  fall  of  1783  ;  their  route 
lay  around  the  Atlantic  coast  in  ships  furnished 
by  the  British  Government  to  Richelieu,  where  the 
winter  of  1783-84  was  spent,  in  huts  built  from 
material  furnished  by  the  neighboring  forest,  and 
in  the  spring  the  journey  was  continued  in  open 
boats,  made  from  trees  felled  during  the  winter, 
Cataraqui  being  reached  in  June. 

The  pioneers  were  in  four  companies,  and  to 
each  was  allotted  one  township,  Captain  Grass  and 
party  taking  No.  i  (Kingston),  Sir  John  Johnson 
No.  2  (Ernesttown),  Colonel  Rogers  No.  3  (Fred- 
ericksburgh),  and  Major  VanAlstine  No.  4  (Adol- 
phustown). 

BACK  TO  THE  TIME  OF  THE  FRENCH  WARS. 

There  is  an  interesting  story  behind  the  allot- 
ment of  the  townships.  The  first  choice  of  location 
would  naturally  have  fallen  to  Sir  John  Johnson, 
but  Captain  Grass  had  been  for  two  years  a 
prisoner  in  the  hands  of  the  French  at  Frontenac, 
before  the  capture  of  Quebec  by  Wolfe,  and  it  was 
as  a  result  of  information  gathered  by  him  while  a 
prisoner  that  the  place  of  settlement  was  decided 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  51 

upon.  The  body  of  Captain  Grass  now  lies  in  what 
is  known  as  the  Methodist  Cemetery  at  Cataraqui, 
just  across  the  road  from  the  burial  place  of  Sir 
John  Macdonald.  There  stands  at  the  head  of  the 
grave  a  rough  stone  slab,  projecting  about  one  foot 
above  the  ground  and  bearing  the  simple  in- 
scription : 

MICHAEL  GRASS, 

Died  April  25th,   1813. 
Aged  78  years. 

Speaking  of  this  early  settlement,  T.  W.  Casey, 
who  deserves  the  title  of  historian  of  the  pioneers, 
said  : — "Those  who  settled  the  first  three  townships 
were  mainly  soldiers,  or  people  drawn  from  the 
mercantile  and  professional  classes  of  the  old  thir- 
teen colonies.  The  settlers  in  Adolphustown  were 
mainly  farmers.  The  intention  was  to  make  each 
township  ten  miles  square,  but  Fredericksburgh 
Township  was  not  large  enough  to  hold  the  party 
allotted  to  it,  and  so  thirteen  lots  were  taken  off 
Adolphustown  to  make  up  the  deficiency." 

THE  FIRST  LANDING  PLACE. 

The  Adolphustown  settlers  made  their  first 
landing  in  a  little  cove  within  a  stone's  throw  of 
where  the  fine  residence  of  D.  W.  Allison,  ex-M.P., 
now  stands,  and  on  the  farm  of  which  Nicholas 
Hagerman,  referred  to  ap-ain  lower  down,  was  first 
owner.  The  first  duty  of  the  pilgrims  was  a  very 
sad  one.  It  was  to  find  a  place  of  burial  for  a 
child,  which,  weakened  by  the  hardships  of  the  long 
journey,  had  died  soon  after  reaching  the  end  of 
the  journey.  The  place  selected  is  a  few  yards 
back  from  the  water's  edge  on  a  slight  eminence. 
This  burial  marked  the  beginning  of  the  first  ceme- 
tery in  Upper  Canada  by  English-speaking  people. 
The  cemetery  is  still  there.  Somewhere  within  its 
bounds  lies  the  body  of  Nicholas  Hagerman,  one  of 
the  first  practicing  lawyers  in  Canada.  Nicholas 
Hagerman  was  father  of  Chief  Justice  Hagerman  ; 
three  of  his  sons  served  as  members  of  Parliament, 
and  the  widow  of  Hon.  John  Beverley  Robinson  is 
a  granddaughter.  No  one  knows  now  just  where 
the  body  of  this  distinguished  first  settler  rests. 

"You  see,"  said  the  Rev.  R.  S.  Forneri, 
"stones  could  not  be  procured  at  the  time  when  the 
first  burials  took  place,  and  the  wooden  slabs 
erected  as  memorials  were  soon  destroyed  by  the 
action  of  the  elements." 


52      LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 
OVER  100  YEARS  OLD. 

The  oldest  tombstone  on  which  the  lettering 
can  be  made  out  is  one  bearing  this  inscription  : 

Here   lies   entombed 

HANNAH  VAN  DUSEN. 

Who  deceased  March  8th,  1798. 

She  was  the  first  wife  of  Conrad  Van  Dusen, 
and  faithfully  discharged  the  duties  of  a  companion, 
a  friend  and  a  citizen. 

The  stone  is  now  grey  with  age,  and  is  leaning 
over  rather  than  standing  above  the  grave. 

A  fairly  well  preserved  plot,  surrounded  by  a 
broken  iron  fence,  holds  the  bodies  of  a  number  of 
the  Caseys  and  Ingersolls.  In  one  of  the  graves 
lies  the  body  of  Jane,  wife  of  Willet  Casey,  who 
died  February  12,  1856,  in  her  93rd  year. 

A  broken  slab  marks  the  resting  place  of  Henry 
Hoover,  who  departed  this  life  August  23,  1812. 

LIFE-LONG  DEVOTION  TO  A  MEMORY. 

A  touching  story  of  life-long  devotion  is  behind 
the  simple  inscription  over  two  bodies  which  lie 
side  by  side.  On  the  bottom  of  the  stone  is  record- 
ed the  fact  that  Jane,  wife  of  Jacob  Hufmail,  died 
September  6,  1835  ;  above  is  the  statement  that 
the  husband  died  February  22,  1880.  Below  all  are 
the  words  : — 

Our    bodies    lie    beneath    the    sod, 
Our  spirits  gone  to  be  with  God. 

For  forty-five  long  years  the  faithful  and  loving 
husband  waited  for  the  re-union  which  came  at 
last. 

In  the  northeast  corner  is  a  plot  enclosed  by 
an  iron  railing.  In  this  lie  the  bodies  of  Joseph 
Allison  and  Mary  Richmond,  his  wife.  The  former 
died  July  23,  1840,  and  the  latter  in  October  follow- 
ing. 

All  around  are  little  mounds  and  pieces  of 
weather-beaten  boards.  Many  of  these  show  the 
resting  place  of  men  who  left  an  indelible  impress 
on  Canadian  history,  but  it  is  now  impossible  to 
distinguish  one  from  the  other.  Kven  the  barbed 
wire  fence  surrounding  the  whole  graveyard  is 
breaking  down,  and  the  apple,  oak  and  maple  trees 
sheltering  the  graves  present  an  uncared-for  appear- 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  53 

ance.       I/ooking    towards    the    south  is  a  splendid 
granite  shaft,  bearing  the  inscription  : 

U.    E.    LOYALIST   BURYING   GROUND. 
In  memory   of   the   Loyalists  who   landed   here  16th   June,    1784. 

But  this  monument  only  serves  to  bring  out  in 
bolder  relief  the  uncared-for  appearance  of  the  place 
where  the  fathers  of  Ontario,  lie  buried. 

IN  THE  MEMORIAL   CHURCH. 

A  splendid  memorial  to  the  pioneers  has, 
through  the  exertions  of  Rev.  R.  S.  Forneri,  been 
erected  in  the  form  of  a  picturesque  stone  church, 
standing  on  an  eminence  a  little  way  off.  In  that 
church  friends  of  the  departed  have  placed  tablets 
in  commemoration  of  the  departed. 

One  of  these  contains  the  name  of  Richard 
John  Cartwright,  a  member  of  the  first  Legislative 
Council,  and  grandfather  of  the  Sir  Richard  of 
to-day. 

Another  has  been  placed  as  a  memorial  to 
Ivieut.-Col.  Jarvis,  who  was  born  in  1756,  and 
whose  descendants  are  known  from  one  end  of 
Canada  to  the  other. 

Near  by  is  one  to  the  memory  of  Alex.  Fisher, 
Judge  of  the  First  Midland  District,  and  grand- 
father on  the  mother's  side  of  ex-Lieutenant-Go  ver- 
nor  Kirkpatrick. 

Others  remembered  are  Rev.  John  Bethune  of 
the  Glengarry  Highlanders,  grandfather  of  Bishop 
Bethune  ;  Right  Rev.  Chas.  Inglis,  D.D.,  first 
Bishop  of  Nova  Scotia  ;  Rev.  John  Stuart,  mis- 
sionary to  the  Mohawks,  and  father  of  the  church 
in  Upper  Canada,  and  Klijah  Wallbridge,  father  or 
grandfather  of  Chief  Justice  Wallbridge. 

Most  of  the  pioneers  lived  to  a  good  old  age, 
several  of  them  reaching  90  and  over. 

As  above  stated,  it  was  the  pioneers  of 
Adolphustown  who  created  the  first  municipal 
organization  in  Ontario  —  before  such  was  even 
authorized  by  Parliament.  In  fact,  Parliament 
seems  to  have  taken  the  Adolphustown  organization 
as  a  model  for  the  Province  generally.  The  old 
record  of  this  organization  is  still  in  existence. 

"That  record",  said  T.  W.  Casey,  "written  by 
men  engaged  in  all  the  rough,  hard  work  incident 
to  pioneering,  is  a  model  of  neatness.  I  question 
if  there  is  a  more  neatly  kept  record  of  municipal 


54  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

proceedings  in  the  Province  to-day.  The  men  who 
first  settled  about  Adolphustown  were  of  superior 
ability  and  attainments." 

TWO    STRICKEN   FAMILIES. 

In  the  grounds  attached  to  the  memorial  church 
is  a  more  modern  burial  ground  than  the  old  one 
down  by  the  Bay  shore,  but  one  which  is  still  of 
more  than  passing  interest.  In  the  Membery  plot 
is  a  shaft  to  the  memory  of  Amos  Membery,  a 
native  of  Dorsetshire,  Eng.,  "who  died  February 
21,  1855."  There  also  rests  Elizabeth  Raymond, 
wife  of  Giles  Membery,  who  was  also  "born  in 
Dorsetshire."  It  is  particularly*  noticeable  how 
often  here,  and  in  the  old  burial  places  about 
Kingston,  the  fact  is  recorded  on  tombstones  that 
those  who  rest  beneath  were  natives  of  some  shire 
in  England.  The  memories  of  the  ivy  clad  churches, 
flowering  hedgerows,  and  quaint  streets  of  the  old 
land  were  fresh  even  to  the  latest  hour  amid  the 
rude  surroundings  of  the  new. 

The  saddest  sight  in  the  whole  graveyard  is 
found  in  two  little  groups  of  headstones,  four  in 
each.  In  one  group  four  white  slabs,  each  bearing 
a  dove,  stand  above  the  graves  of — 

John  F.  Young,  died  Feb.  5,  1878,  aged  nine 
years  and  seven  months. 

William  Artyd  Young,  died  June  6,  1878,  aged 
eighteen  months  and  thirteen  days. 

Geo.  E.  Young,  died  June  13,  1878,  aged  six 
years  and  six  months. 

Albert  O.  Young,  died  June  15,  1878,  aged  four 
years  and  two  months. 

A  little  way  off  the  other  four  stones  mark  the 
graves  of — 

John  P.  Pollard,  died  March  10,  1878,  aged 
nine  years  and  one  month. 

Elizabeth  E.  Pollard,  died  March  10,  1878,  aged 
two  years  and  one  month. 

Philip  W.  Pollard,  died  March  19,  1878,  aged 
four  years  and  two  months. 

Thos.  F.  Pollard,  died  March  29,  1878.  aged  six 
years  and  five  months. 

The  children  were  victims  of  diphtheria.  There 
have  been  many  times  of  mourning  in  Adolphus- 
town in  the  last  hundred  years,  but  never  did  two 
families  go  through  such  a  period  of  heart-breaking 
suffering  as  did  the  Pollards  and  Youngs  in  the 
black  years  of  seventy-eight. 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  55 

A  PLAYMATE  OF  SIR  JOHN. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  figures  in  the 
neighborhood  where  the  Adolphustown  settlers  first 
located  is  Parker  Allen,  a  grandson  of  Capt.  Allen, 
who  was  second  in  command  of  the  Adolphustown 
pioneers.  Old  Capt.  Allen  was,  when  the  revolu- 
tionary war  broke  out,  a  Quaker  and  a  mill  owner 
at  Monmouth  County,  N.  J.  In  the  early  stages  of 
the  war  he  accepted  a  contract  for  the  supply  of 
flour  and  provisions  for  the  British  army.  By 
supplying  means  of  sustenance  to  the  British  Mr. 
Allen  aroused  the  hostility  of  the  Americans,  and 
during  his  absence  from  home  they  looted  his  mill. 
This  roused  the  old  Adam  in  the  good  Quaker,  and, 
laying  aside  his  peace  proclivities,  he  joined  the 
British  forces  and  was  given  the  rank  of  Captain. 
After  the  war,  when  the  refugees  reached  Adolphus- 
town, one  of  the  sons  of  Capt.  Allen,  father  of  the 
Parker  Allen  of  to-day,  received  as  his  share  of  the 
allotment  for  the  family  the  two  hundred  acres 
forming  lot  20,  con.  i.  That  farm  Parker  Allen 
assisted  to  clear  up,  and  it  is  divided  between  two 
of  his  sons  of  to-day.  Thus  there  are  two  of  the 
fourth  generation  occupying  land  which  the  great 
grandfather  received  from  the  Crown  over  100  years 
ago.  Is  there  another  similar  case  in  Ontario  ? 

The  original  allotment  of  farms  in  the  pioneer 
settlement  was,  by  the  way,  made  in  the  simplest 
manner  possible.  Slips  containing  numbers  were 
placed  in  a  hat  or  box,  and  each  one  drew  in  turn, 
the  number  of  the  slip  drawn  being  the  number  of 
the  lot  secured. 

Parker  Allen,  the  head  of  the  Allen  family  to- 
day, although  in  the  nineties,  is  still  firm  in  his 
step,  and  his  mind  is  as  clear  as  that  of  many  men 
of  60.  He  served  in  the  old  County  Council  at 
Kingston  before  Frontenac  was  set  apart  from 
L,ennox  and  Addington,  and  60  years  ago  he  filled 
the  office  of  Municipal  Clerk.  He  was  a  school- 
mate of  Sir  John  Macdonald  when  the  latter,  as  a 
barefooted  boy  between  five  and  twelve,  attended 
one  of  the  first  schools  in  the  township. 

"Nearly  all  my  old  companions  are  gone,"  he 
said,  when  I  asked  him  about  his  early  experiences. 
"Of  those  who  went  to  the  school  which  Sir  John 
attended,  Mrs.  Garner  (she  was  a  Harris)  is,  so 
far  as  I  know,  the  only  one  besides  myself  left." 


56  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

AN    OLD-TIME    SCHOOL    EXAMINATION. 

Asked  for  some  little  incident  of  the  past,  the 
old  man  said  :  "I  remember  one  day  there  was  an 
examination  at  the  school  and  Sir  John  and  his 
two  "sisters,  Margaret  and  lyouisa,  were  present, 
lyouisa  (she  was  the  favorite  child)  gave  as  her 
recitation  that  old  piece  which  has  been  recited  by 
so  many  children  since — 'My  Mother'  : 

"  'Who  fed  me   from  her  gentle  breast, 
And  hushed  me  in  her  arms  to  rest, 
And  on  my  cheek  sweet  kisses  prest  ? 
My  mother.' 

"The  verses  were  beautifully  and  touchingly 
given,  and  tears  welled  up  in  the  mother's  eyes  as 
the  little  girl  came  back  and  sat  by  her  side.  But 
they  are  all — Margaret,  I/ouisa  and  John — all  gone 
now." 

Margaret  afterwards  married  Prof.  Williamson, 
of  Queen's,  and  hers  is  one  of  the  three  tombstones 
still  standing  in  what  was  an  old  burying  ground 
in  Kingston,  but  is  now  one  of  the  city  parks. 

Pressed  again  for  something  about  the  old 
times  Mr.  Allen  said  :  "John  was  a  mischievous 
lad  ;  not  bad  but  full  of  fun.  Once  when  he  was 
playing  with  my  sister  near  the  Bay  shore  he 
shoved  her  into  the  water  and  she  retaliated  by 
soundly  boxing  his  ears. 

"Sir  John's  father,"  continued  the  speaker, 
"kept  store  on  the  third  concession,  near  the  old 
Quaker  meeting  house.  Only  the  stonework  of  the 
chimney  is  left.  Afterwards  Mr.  Macdonald,  sr., 
rented  the  Glenora  mill  (the  old  stone  mill),  and 
while  he  was  there  Sir  John  went  to  school  and 
studied  law  in  Picton." 

On  the  Allen  farm  is  one  of  the  early  school 
houses  in  this  section.  It  was  erected  under  con- 
tract by  D.  W.  Allison  and  John  Watson.  After- 
wards^ when  the  section  was  divided  Mr.  Allen 
bought  the  building,  and  for  twenty  years  it  was 
rented  for  a  dwelling.  It  is  now  used,  rent  free,  as 
a  place  of  meeting  of  the  Plymouth  Brethren. 

Mr.  Allen  remembers  the  consecration  of  the 
old  English  church  which  preceded  the  present  me- 
morial to  the  pioneers  "A  bottle  was  broken  on  a 
stone,"  he  said,  "as  it  was  named  St.  Paul." 


THE  OLD  TIME  DISTRICT  COUNCILS. 

BY    THOS.    W.   CASEY.     JANUARY    19th,    1900. 

Years  before  our  present  system  of  township 
and  County  Councils  had  any  existence  the  Midland 
District  comprised  the  entire  territories  of  the 
Counties  of  Frontenac,  Lennox  and  Addington,  and 
the  Council  was  made  up  of  one  member  represent- 
ing each  township,  elected  at  the  regular  annual 
town-meetings. 

-  The  District  Councils  first  came  into  existence 
in  1842.  Previous  to  that  time  there  were  no 
such  representative  municipal  bodies  in  existence  in 
this  Province,  the  District  Courts  of  Quarter  Ses- 
sions performing  many  of  the  duties  then  conferred 
on  the  District  Councils. 

These  courts  were  composed  entirely  of  Justices 
of  the  Peace,  appointed  as  they  now  are,  by  the 
Crown  and  for  life,  and  they  were  in  no  way 
amenable  to  public  opinion.  All  the  public  funds 
available  for  the  building  of  roads  and  bridges  were 
in  the  hands  and  at  the  disposal  of  the  few  Magis- 
trates who  may  have  found  it  convenient  to  meet 
together  at  the  Quarter  Sessions.  In  the  matter  of 
gaols  and  other  public  works  the  same  court  was 
also  vested  with  large  authority.  Plans  were  pro- 
cured and  contracts  given  for  their  erection,  and  the 
people  were  taxed  and  ordered  to  pay  whatever 
expenses  were  thus  incurred  without  having  any 
voice  whatever  in  the  matter.  The  same  "Squires" 
also  ordered  what  fare  prisoners  should  be  provided 
with  and  made  such  contracts  as  they  saw  fit  for 
such  supplies.  They  also  ordered  what  fees  the 
district  officers  should  receive,  and  they  had  auth- 
ority to  levy  sums  for  the  support  of  the  poor. 
They  also  exercised  the  right  of  granting  or  with- 
holding the  authority  to  solemnize  marriages,  min- 
isters of  any  but  the  Church  of  England  being 
allowed  to  perform  such,  ceremonv  only  after  much 
trouble  and  annoyance. 

THE    DISTRICT    COUNCIL   LAW. 

It  was  not  until  after  years  of  agitation  that  a 
change  was  brought  about  by  which  the  people 
were  conceded  the  right  to  elect  their  own  represen- 


58  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

tatives  for  the  purposes  of  municipal  government. 
It  was  in  1841  that  Upper  and  Lower  Canada  were 
united  for  legislative  purposes.  The  same  year  the 
newly  constituted  legislature  passed  an  act  author- 
izing the  taxpaying  inhabitants  in  each  District — 
"persons  qualified  to  vote  for  township  officers,  to 
elect  representatives  to  a  District  Council,  in  which 
was  vested  powers  to  pass  by-laws  relative  to 
roads,  bridges,  public  buildings,  schools,  the  expense 
of  the  administration  of  justice,  to  determine  the 
remuneration  of  all  district  and  township  officers, 
and  to  levy  taxes  for  these  purposes  upon  real  and 
personal  property  within  the  district."  The  Coun- 
cils were  also  granted  "all  powers  theretofore  vest- 
ed in  the  Quarter  Sessions  relative  to  highways 
and  bridges  or  works  connected  therewith,  the  ap- 
pointment of  road  surveyors  and  other  road  officers, 
and  the  right  to  levy  taxes  for  any  purposes 
connected  with  the  subjects  over  which  the  District 
Council  was  thenceforward  to  have  jurisdiction." 

The  Hon.  S.  B.  Harrison,  then  Provincial  Sec- 
retary for  Upper  Canada,  introduced  the  act  in  the 
Legislature.  He  was  a  very  able  lawyer  and  was 
considered  one  of  the  best  authorities  on  municipal 
affairs  in  the  country  in  his  day.  Later  on  he  was 
appointed  one  of  the  High  Court  Judges,  a  position 
he  held  till  his  death.  Lord  Sydenham  was  the 
Governor  here  at  the  time  and  it  is  said  that  he 
was  strongly  in  favor  of  such  a  law  and  used  his 
influence  for  its  enactment.  Sir  Francis  Hinks  was 
then  a  young  member,  representing  Oxford  County, 
and  he,  too,  strongly  supported  it.  On  the  other 
hand  the  Conservatives,  then  led  by  Sir  Allan 
MacNab,  gave  the  measure  strong  opposition. 
John  S.  Cartwright,  then  representing  Lennox  and 
Addington,  also  spoke  strongly  against  the  measure 
in  the  House.  Mr.  Hinks  is  reported  to  have  said, 
during  the  debate  on  the  bill,  "The  honorable  and 
gallant  Knight  from  Hamilton  (Sir  Allan  MacNab), 
and  the  honorable  and  learned  member  for  Lennox 
and  Addington  (J.  S.  Cartwright),  say  that  this 
bill  isi  republican  and  democratic  un  principle  ;  and 
that  if  it  be  adopted  the  people  will  have  almost 
uncontrolled  power."  It  is  said  Sir  Allan  then 
characterized  such  Councils  as  "sucking  republics" 
and  they  were  long  called  such  by  those  opposed  to 
their  formation. 

The  District  Councils,  as  then  constituted,  con- 
tinued to  exist  until  1849,  when  the  Hon.  Robert 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  59 

Baldwin,  then  Premier,  introduced  his  now,  cele- 
brated municipal  act,  which  established  the  town- 
ship, village,  town  and  county  councils  very  much 
as  they  exist  with  us  to-day. 

MEMBERS   OP  THE   COUNCIL. 

The  names  of  the  members  of  the  District  Coun- 
cil in  1845,  as  found  in  these  minutes,  were  as  fol- 
lows :  Nicholas  Amev,  John  Asselstine,  William 
Beamish,  Angus  Cameron,  Samuel  Clark,  James 
Birmingham,  Calvin  Wheeler,  Willet  W.  Casey, 
William  Ferguson,  William  Holditch,  John  Herchi- 
mer,  Isaac  Ingersoll,  Joseph  L/ucas,  David  Roblin, 
John  S.  Cummings,  John  Bennett  Marks,  Archibald 
McNeill,  Benjamin  Seymour.  We  have  no  means  of 
knowing  of  the  history  of  some  of  these  men,  every 
one  of  whom,  we  believe,  has  now  passed  away.  Of 
others  a  few  words  may  be  said  : 

John  S.  Cummings,  Esq.,  represented  Amherst 
Island.  He  was  unanimously  elected  to  preside  as 
Chairman,  at  the  first  meeting,  held  in  the  old 
Court  House  at  Kingston,  on  Tuesday,  February 
nth,  1845.  At  a  later  session  it  was  officially  an- 
nounced that  the  Government  had  appointed  John 
Bennett  Marks  as  Warden.  The  appointments  of  the 
Wardens  for  some  years  were  regularly  made  by  the 
Government.  Mr.  Marks  lived  at  Barriefield,  oppo- 
site Kingston,  or  in  that  vicinity,  and  represented 
Pittsburgh  Township.  He  was  an  old  army  officer 
and  quite  an  extensive  farmer.  He  was  President 
of  the  Provincial  Agricultural  Association  in  1853, 
and  the  annual  exhibition  was  held  that  year  near 
Niagara  Falls.  William  Holditch  represented  L,o- 
borough  and  lived  in  the  fifth  concession  of  that 
township.  John  Herchimer  lived  in  Portland  and 
was  one  of  a  large  and  respectable  family  residing 
in  Frontenac  County  from  the  time  of  its  first 
settlement.  Samuel  Campbell  represented  Storring- 
ton.  Dr.  Wm.  Beamish  represented  Kingston  Town- 
ship. He  was  a  practicing  physician  at  Waterloo, 
now  Cataraqui,  where  he  lived  and  died.  He  was  a 
man  of  considerable  prominence  in  business  and 
public  affairs  and  in  the  Methodist  Church.  He 
built  the  fine  large  stone  residence  at  Cataraqui, 
afterwards  owned  and  occupied  for  years  by  Joseph 
Haycock,  ex-M.P.P.  William  Ferguson  also  lived 
in  Pittsburgh,  where  he  was  then  a  large  farmer 
and  a  very  successful  cattle  breeder.  He  was  also  a 
President  of  the  old  Provincial  Agricultural  Asso- 


60  LENNOX   AND   ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

ciation  at  an  early  time  and  took  a  prominent  part 
in  its  management.  I/ater  on  he  was  elected  to 
represent  Frontenac  in  the  old  Parliament  of  Can- 
ada, defeating  Sir  Henry  Smith.  He  was  after- 
wards appointed  Sheriff  of  the  County,  a  position 
which  he  continued  to  hold  until  his  death  a  couple 
of  years  ago.  He  lived  to  be  over  ninety  years  of 
age.  Of  the  other  members  of  the  Township  of 
Frontenac  we  know  but  little. 

REPRESENTATIVES  OF  THIS  COUNTY. 

Of  those  representing  the  various  townships  of 
this  County  some  of  the  following  facts  may  be  of 
interest,  as  they  relate  to  the  men  who  took  a  pro- 
minent part  in  helping  shape  our  municipal  affairs 
at  so  early  a  period,  when  the  District  Council  was 
a  veritable  little  "Ivocal  Parliament." 

Adolphustown  was  represented  by  Willet  W. 
Casey,  the  father  of  the  writer,  who  died  during  his 
term  of  office.  He  was  elected  at  the  town  meeting 
in  the  old  Adolphustown  Court  House,  by  a  good 
majority  over  Thomas  Borland.  There  was  an  ex- 
citing contest,  nearly  every  ratepayer  in  the  town- 
ship being  present  and  nearly  every  one  voted.  His 
predecessor  was  Archibald  Campbell,  the  first  elect- 
ed representative,  and  his  successor  was  Major 
Peter  V.  Borland.  They  were  all  natives  of  the 
township  and  well  known  men  in  their  day. 

Fredericksburgh  was  not  then  divided  into  two 
municipalities.  Its  representatives  that  year  were 
Isaac  Ingersoll,  a  large  farmer  living,  on  the  Front 
near  Con  way,  and  Archibald  McNeill,  a  large  lum- 
berman and  general  dealer,  living  at  Clarksville, 
adjoining  Napanee.  They  were  both  prominent  and 
active  men  in  their  day  and  strong  supporters  of 
the  old  Reform  party.  At  that  time  the  town 
meetings  and  trainings  were  held  alternately  at 
Charters'  and  L/ucas'  taverns.  There  was  no  town 
hall  for  many  years  later.  Their  old  time  oppon- 
ents were  Bonaldson  Campbell,  John  Chamberlain 
and  Richard  Ham,  and  both  parties  had  their  suc- 
cesses and  reverses. 

Krnesttown  and  Bath  were  then  one  municipal- 
ity, and  John  Asselstine,  of  Switzerville,  and  Ben- 
jamin Seymour  were  the  representatives.  Mr. 
Asselstine  was  opposed  by  Sidney  Warner,  of  Wil- 
ton, over  whom  he  was  elected  by  a  small  majority, 
and  at  the  following  election  Mr.  Warner  defeated 
him.  He  lived  in  the  seventh  concession,  on  a  farm 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  61 

now  owned  and  occupied  by  Mr.  Thomas  Gibson. 
Mr.  Seymour  was  then  a  prosperous  merchant  and 
business  man  at  Bath,  and  that  seems  to  have  been 
the  beginning  of  his  public  career.  It  will  be 
remembered  that  he  was  afterwards  several  times 
elected  to  represent  Lennox  and  Addington  in  .Par- 
liament. He  was,  at  last,  defeated  by  David 
Roblin,  and  then  appointed  to  the  old  Legislative 
Council  and  later  on  made  a  member  of  the  Domin- 
ion Senate,  at  Confederation.  He  moved  from  Bath 
to  Port  Hope,  where  he  lived  and  died,  and  where 
some  of  his  descendants  are  still  living. 

Richmond,  which  then  included  Napanee,  was 
represented  by  David  Roblin  and  James  Wilson, 
Esq.  Mr.  Roblin  then  lived  on  the  front  ol  Rich- 
mond, near  Deseronto,  and  soon  after  engaged  ex- 
tensively in  the  lumber  and  timber  business.  He 
moved  to  Napanee  and  built  the  fine  brick  residence 
on  Roblin 's  Hill,  now  owned  by  our  well  known 
townsman,  Mr.  John  Coates.  Mr.  Roblin  took  a 
prominent  part  in  municipal  matters  for  many 
years  and  filled  the  Warden's  chair  in  the  old  united 
Counties  Council.  He  also  represented  Lennox  and 
Addington  in  Parliament  for  years,  first  defeating 
Benjamin  Seymour  and  afterwards  being  defeated 
by  Augustus  Hooper.  He  was  an  old  time  Reform- 
er, but  became  a  strong  supporter  of  the  Hon.  John 
A.  Macdonald. 

James  Wilson,  Esq.,  was  a  very  intelligent  and 
much  respected  farmer,  residing  in  the  fifth  conces- 
sion of  Richmond,  a  few  miles  west  of  Selby,  on  a 
farm  now  owned  by,  his  sons,  John  and  Henry  Wil- 
son, Esqs.  He  was  a  native  of  Ireland  and  came  to 
Canada  a  young  man.  He.  died  in  1877.  He  was  a 
strong  Reformer  and  an  active  member  of  the  Meth- 
odist Church.  He  was  associated  in,  political  and 
municipal  affairs  for  some  years  with  David  Roblin 
and  our  now  venerable  friend,  Elijah  Storr,  of 
Leinster,  an  ex- Warden  of  this  County. 

Camden  was  represented  by  Samuel  Clark  and 
also  Joseph  Lucas,  then  a  large  and  influential 
fanner  residing  near  Centre ville,  but  then  known  as 
Whelan's  Corners.  Some  few  years  ago  he  died  at 
his  residence  in  Fredericksburgh,  near  Napanee,  on 
the  farm  now  owned  by  Herman  Meng,  Esq.,  we 
believe.  Mrs.  S.  Vrooman,  residing  near  the  Sta- 
tion here,  is  a  daughter  of  his.  Mr.  Clark  is  still 
well  remembered  as  the  founder  of  Clark's  Mills, 
now  Camden  East,  and  an  extensive  mill  owner  and 


62  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

lumberer  there.  He  was  a  very  enterprising  and 
public  spirited  man  and  took  a  very  prominent  part 
in  public  affairs  in  this  County  for  many  years.  He 
was  a  near  relative  of  Mrs.  S.  Warner,  now  of 
Napanee,  and  of  the  numerous  Clark  family,  of 
Ernesttown,  and  other  parts  of  this  County.  He 
was  a  grandson  of  Robert  Clark,  J.P.,  the  builder 
of  the  first  grist  mills  erected  in  this  Province,— at 
Kingston  Mills  and  Napanee. 

Sheffield  was  then  a  new  and  nearly  out-of-the- 
way  township,  but  thinly  populated.  It  was  then 
represented  by  Calvin  Wheeler,  Esq.,  who  was  a 
pioneer  mill  owner  on  the  upper  Salmon  River,  at 
what  is  now  the  Village  of  Tarn  worth.  He  may  be 
considered  the  founder  of  that  village.  He  was  a 
man  of  much  influence  and  enterprise  and  a  Captain 
in  the  Canadian  Militia  during  the  stirring  times  of 
the  Canadian  Rebellion  of  1837.  Captain  Wheeler's 
company,  mostly  made  up  of  volunteers  of  Sheffield 
Township,  was  among  the  important  volunteer 
companies  on  duty  during  the  winter  of  1838.  The 
company  was  located  at  the  fort  in  Kingston,  car- 
ing for  it  and  drilling  for  active  service,  while  the 
soldiers  of  the  regular  army  were  away  at  Prescott 
and  other  frontier  points  along  the  St.  Lawrence, 
fighting  the  actual  battles  against  the  American 
invaders  at  that  time.  Our  venerable  townsman, 
Mr.  Gideon  Scott,  now  past  eighty  years  of  age, 
was  one  of  the  boys  of  that  company  at  that  time. 

For  lack  of  space  it  is  not  now  possible  to 
make  fuller  references  to  the  interesting  minutes  of 
the  District  Council  proceedings  of  over  half  a  cen- 
tury ago.  We  may  yet  find  opporttmity  to  do  so, 
however. 


INDEX. 

Acadia 16 

Accommodation,   Steamboat 36 

Adolphustown 10,    13,    14,    15,   33,   35,   36,   40,  41 

43,  44,   45,   47,   48,   50,   51,   53,   54,   55,   57,  60 

Albany , 19,  25,  28 

Allen,  Captain 55,  56 

Allen,   Family 55 

Allen,    Parker 55 

Allison,  D.  W 51,  56 

Allison,   Family 48 

Allison,  Joseph 52 

Allison  Mausoleum 45 

Allison,   Mrs.    Joseph 45,  52 

America 30,  40 

American  Revolution 14,  37,  39,  44,  50 

American  War 31 

Amherst  Island 23,  24,  25,  59 

Anglican   Church 35,   45,    56,  57 

Annapolis 16 

Asselstine,   John 59,  60 

Atlantic  Ocean 34,  44,  50 

Bald  Bluil 31 

Baldwin,  Hon.  Robert 59 

Barriefield 59 

Bath 11,  35,  36,  60,  61 

Beamish,  William 59 

Beaver,  The  Napanee 7,  9,   12,  22,  26 

Beeman,  Dr.  T.  A 21,  22 

Belleville 33,  46 

Bellrock 9 

Bethune,  Bishop 53 

Bethune,   Rev.    John 53 

Birmingham,   James 59 

Biscay,  Bay  of 16 

Bogart,  Lewis  Iv 46 

Bogart's  Hill 4^ 

Boston 23 

British  Columbia 15 

British  Empire 33 

British  Troops 42,  55 

Brouage 16 

Buffalo 23 


64  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Burrows,  Frederick 4 

Butte,  Montana 49 

By-town 33 

Cadman,  Wm.  H 13 

Cahiagua , 21 

Camden  East 61 

Camden  Township 18,  27,  28,  61 

Cameron,  Angus 59 

Campbell,  Archibald 60 

Campbell,  Donaldson 60 

Campbell,  Samuel 59 

Canaan 9 

Canada 12,  14,  16,  17,  22 

26,  29,  30,  32,  33,  34,  36,  51,  52,  53,  60,  61 

Canadian  Government 33 

Canniff,  Dr.  William , 30,  31 

Carlton  Island 38,  40 

Carlton,  Sir  Guy 37,  39 

Carrying  Place 31,  33 

Cartwright,  John  S 9,  58 

Cartwright,  Richard  John 53 

Cartwright,  Sir  Richard 9,  53 

Casey,  Captain  Samuel 49 

Casey,  Elizabeth  Jane 16,  52 

Casey  Family 52 

Casey,  George  H 49 

Casey,  Hiram 16 

Casey,  Jewel  J 16 

Casey's  Point 10,  14 

Casey,  Thomas  W 7,  9 

10,  n,  12,  13,  16,  22,  26,  31,  37,  44,  51,  53 

Casey,  Willet  W 10,  12,  14,  15,  49,  52,  59,  60 

Casey,  William 14,  15 

Cassen,  Dollier  de 26 

Cataraqui 25,  38,  39,  42,  50,  51,  59 

Centreville 27 

Chamberlain,  John 60 

Champlain,  Lake 16,  17,  18,  28 

Champlain,  Samuel 

16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  26,  30 

Charlotte,  Steamship 36 

Charters'  Tavern..... 60 

Christian  Missionaries 17 

Clark  Family 62 

Clark,  Gen.  John  S 25 

Clark,  Robert 62 

Clark,  Samuel 59,  61 

Clark's  Mills...  .  61 


INDEX.  65 

Clarksville 60 

Coates,   John 61 

Coates,  Samuel 35 

Cobourg 34 

Collins,  John 38,  39,  40,  41,  42 

Confederation 61 

Conway 20,  60 

County  Council 57 

Court  of  Requests 36 

Crown  lyands  Department,    Provincial 15,  36 

Daly,  James 4 

D'Arontal 23 

Davis,  Archibald  C 47 

Deseronto 61 

Dingman,  A 9 

District  Council 62 

Doller,  Nelson 9,  10 

Dominion  Government 12 

Dorland  Family 47 

Dorland,  Peter  V 60 

Dorland,   Thomas 48,  60 

Dorsetshire,  Eng 54 

Duchess  County,  N.Y 15,  45 

Dunham,  Darius 35 

Durantal 28 

England 32,  37,  54 

England,  Church  of 35,  45,  56,  57 

English 37 

Erinsville ,  9 

Ernesttown 33,  35,  36,  40,  43,  50,  60,  62 

Ernesttown  Station 31 

Essen,  Mr n 

Fairview 9 

Family  Compact  Government 49 

Fenelon,  Father 3° 

Ferguson,  William 59 

Fifth  Town 38 

Fine  I/ake 29 

Finkle's  Point ,  36 

First  Town 3$ 

Fisher,  Alexander 53 

Five  Nation  Indians 18 

Flach,  Ulysses  J 4 

Forneri,  Rev.  R.  S ;  51,  53 

Forward,  Mrs.  H.  T 4 

Fourth  Town 38 


66  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

France 17,  18,  30 

Fraser,   Alexander 5 

Fredericksburgh  Township ,. 

30,   33,   35,   4°,  4i,  43,   5°,   5*.   6o>  61 

French  Missionaries 17 

Frontenac... 50 

Frontenac  County 50,  55,  57,  59,  60 

Frontenac,  Fort „ 37 

Frontenac,  I,ake 29 

Frontenac,  Steamship 36 

Frouve,  Father 30 

Galinee 26,  30 

Gananoque 36 

Garner,  Mrs 55 

Garrey , 30 

Gazette,  Kingston 33 

Georgian  Bay 18,  19,  27,  30 

German,  George 47 

German,  The  Farm 10 

Germans 42 

Gibbard,   John 4 

Gibson,  Thomas 61 

Glengarry  Highlanders 53 

Glenora 33,  35,  56 

Gordanier's  Tavern 9 

Gosport 9 

Government,  British 32 

Government,  Canadian 32 

Grand  Trunk  Railway 9 

Grange,  Mrs.  Alexander  W 4 

Grass,  Captain  Michael 43,  50,  51 

Grass,  Mr ,  39 

Gretna 9 

Hagerman,  Chief  Justice 51 

Hagerman  Family 45 

Hagerman,  Nicholas 49,  51 

Haldimand,  Gen.  Frederick 37,  38,  42 

Hamilton,  Ontario 58 

Ham,   Richard 60 

Harris,  Major 38 

Harris,  Miss 55 

Harrison,  Hon.  S.  B 58 

Hartman,  Mrs 31 

Hastings  County 21 

Haverstraw,  N.Y 45 

Hawley,  George  D 4 

Hay  Bay 13,  14,  20,  23,  25,  35,  41,  45,  46,  47,  48 

Haycock,  Joseph 59 


INDEX.  67 

Herchimer,  John 59 

Herrington,  Walter  S 4,  5,  8 

Hinks,  Sir  Francis 58 

Holditch,  William 59 

Holland,  Major 37,  38 

Hooper,  Augustus... 61 

Hoover,  Henry 44,  45, -32 

Huffnail,  Jacob 52 

Huffnail,   Jane 52 

Hughes,  James  L 5 

Hunter,  Peter 32 

Huron  Indians 18,   19,   20,  21,   28,  29 

Huron,  Lake 18 

Indians 16,   18 

Ingersoll  Family 52 

Ingersoll,  Isaac 59 

Ingersoll,  Mrs.  Isaac 49,  60 

Inglis,  Rev.  Charles 53 

Ireland 61 

Iroquois  Indians 18,  19,  20,  22,  27,  28,   29 

James,  C.  C 22,  30 

Jarvis,  Lieut.  Col 53 

Jarvis,   Rev.   Canon 4 

Jessup,  Major 43 

Jesuits 29,  30 

Jewell,  Joseph 35 

Jogues,  Pere 29 

Johnson,  Elizabeth  Jane 16 

Johnson,  Hannah 16 

Johnston,  Prof.  G.  W 5 

Johnson,  Sir  John ....42,  50 

Kingsford's  History 21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  29,  30 

Kingston .". 9,  16,  21,  24,  25,  32 

33,   34,  36,   37,  38,  39,  46,  54,  55,   56,   59,  62 

Kingston  Mills 62 

Kingston  Road 9 

Kingston  Township 39,  40,,  50,  59 

Kirkham's  Grammar TT 

Kirkpatrick,  Lieut.  Gov 53 

Kotte,  Lieut 39,  41 

Lac  des  Iroquois 29 

Lachine 33 

Lachine  Rapids 33 

Laird,  Prof.  Alexander 5 

Langhorn,  John..... 35 

Langton,   Lake 25 


68  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

La  Salle 29 

Laval  University (  ....23,  24 

Legendre's  Geometry.... 12 

Leinster 21 

Le  Moyne,  Father 29 

Lennox  and  Addington 26,   50,  55,  57,   58,  61 

Lennox  and  Addington  Historical  Society 7 

Lennox  Conservative  Association 46 

Loborough 59 

Longue  Pointe 26 

Losee,  William 35 

Louys  Lake 29 

Lower  Canada 32,  58 

Lucas,   Joseph 59,  61 

Lucas  Tavern 60 

Macdonald,  Louisa 56 

Macdonald,  Margaret 56 

Macdonald,  Rev.  Alexander 4 

Macdonald,  Sir  John  A 51,  55,  56,  61 

Mackenzie,  William  L 32 

Mac  Nab,  Sir  Allan 58 

Madeline,  Cape  de  la 29 

Mallorytown 21 

Marks,  John  Bennett 59 

Marshall,  Orsamus  H 23,  25 

Marysburgh  Township 30,  42,  43 

Membery,   Amos 54 

Membery,  Giles 54 

Meng,  Herman 61 

Methodists 15,  35,  36,  45,  47,  51,  59,  61 

Midland  District.. 12,   36,   53,  57 

Miles,  Stephen 33 

Militia,  Canadian 62 

Mohawk  Indians 43,  53 

Mohawk  River 28 

Mohawk  Valley 19,  27 

Moira  River 30 

Molsons 36 

Monmouth  County,  N.J 55 

Montreal 16 

17,   28,   29,   32,   33,   34,   36,   37,   38,   41,  42,  44 

Morden,  A.  L 46 

Morrison,  Prof.  J.  L 5 

Morven 9 

Moscow 9 

Mountain  Vale 9 

Mount  Royal 16 

Mud  Lake! 16,  21,  22,  27 

Murphy,   J.  J 37,  38 


INDEX;  69 

Murray,  L,indley * n 

Myers  Creek ,  33 

McCuaig,  James  S 47 

McDowall,  Rev.  Robert 36 

McMorine,  James 13 

McMullen's  History 21 

McNeill,  Archibald 59,  60 

McPherson,  Allen 9,   10 

McPherson,  Donald 9 

Napanee 9 

10,    n,   22,   24,   30,  34,   35,   46,  47,   60,   61,  62 

Napanee  River 16,  18,  21,  25,  26,  27,  30,  35 

Native  Canadian  Society 46 

Newark 32 

New  Brunswick 44 

New  Jersey 44 

New  York 12,  37,  41,  42,  44,  50 

New  York  State 16,   18,   29,  44 

Niagara 32,  38,  39 

Niagara  Falls 59 

Nipissing,  I/ake 18 

North  America 17 

Nova  Scotia 16,  44,  53 

Odessa 9 

Ogdensburgh 28 

Onondaga  Indians 29 

Ontario II,  16,  26,  37,  49,  50,  53,  55 

Ontario  Historical  Society 4,  26 

Ontario,  Lake 16,  18,   19 

20,   22,   27,   28,   29,   30,   33,   34,   38,   39,   40,  42 

Oswego 19 

Oswego  River 29,  33 

Ottawa 33 

Ottawa  River 16,  18,  19,  20,  26,  27,  28,  30 

Oxford  County 58 

Pacific  Ocean 34 

Palace  Road 9 

Parkman,  Francis 19,  20,  21,  24,  25,   27 

Parliament 32,  48,  49,  51,  53,  60,  61 

Parrott  Church 36 

Parry  Sound  District 19 

Peterboro'  County 21 

Peterson,  William .,  48 

Picton 30,  46,  47,  56 

Pioneers  of  France  in  the  New  World 19,  24 

Piquet,  Father 31 


70  LENNOX   AND   ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Pittsburgh  Township 59 

Pleasant  Point 25 

Plymouth  Brethren 56 

Point,  The 14 

Pollard,   Elizabeth  E 54 

Pollard,  John  P 54 

Pollard,  Philip  W 54 

Pollard,  Thomas  F 54 

Poncet,  Father 28 

Port  Hope 61 

Portland  Township 59 

Port  Royal 16 

Presbyterian  Missions 36 

Prescott 32,  62 

Prince  Edward  County 30,  33,  47,  48 

Prince  Society  of  Boston 23,  25 

Provencher,  Abbe ,,. 23 

Providence,  R.I 14 

Provincial  Agricultural  Association 59 

Quakers , 15,  56 

Queen's  University 56 

Quebec  City 16,  17,  21,  23,  28,  36,  37,  42,  43,  44 

Quebec,  Province  of 16,   17,  26,  29,  37,  38 

Quinte,  Bay  of 9,  10,  12,  13,  16,  18,  19,  22,  25 

26,   27,   29,  30,   35,  36,   37,   39,   40,   4i,   42,  54 

Raymond,  Elizabeth 54 

Rebellion  of  1837 62 

Recollet  Order 17,  30 

Reform  Party 60,  61 

Richelieu  River 17,  28,  50 

Richmond 33,  61 

Richmond,  Mary 52 

Rideau  Canal 33 

Robinson,  Hon.  John  Beverly 45,  49,  51 

Robinson,  Martha 14,  15 

Robinson,  Samuel 15 

Roblin 47 

Roblin,  David 59,  61 

Roblin'sHill 61 

Rogers,  Colonel 50 

Rogers,  Major ..] 43 

Roman  Catholic  Church 17,   29,  30,  31 

Ross,  Major 40 

Ruttan,  Dr.  Allen 47 

Ryerson,  Dr.  Egerton n 

Saint  Alban's  Church 45,  4& 

Saint  John's  Church...                                                 .  36 


INDEX.  71 

Saint  Lawrence  River 

17,   18,   28,   29,  30,  33,  37,  38,  42,  44,  62 

Saint  Paul's  Church 36,  56 

Salmon  River 25,  62 

Salt  Springs 29 

Sandhurst 36 

Sandwich 32 

Savannah  Bay ,  , , 41 

Scotland 47 

Scott,   Gideon 62 

Second  Town 38 

Selby 61 

Senate,  Dominion 61 

Seymour,  Benjamin 59,   60,  61 

Shea,  John  Gilmay 25 

Sheffield  Township 62 

Sherman,  Isaiah 15 

Sherwood,  Captain 39,  40,  41 

Sillsville 20 

Simcoe,  Gov 32,  34 

Simcoe  Island 25 

Simcoe,  Lake 18,  19,  34 

Six  Nations 43 

Skelton,  Prof.  O.  D 5 

Smith,  Prof.  G.  Oswald 5 

Smith,  Sir  Henry 60 

Sorel,  Que 41,  42,  44 

South  Fredericksburgh 20,  36,  47 

Storr,  Elijah 61 

Storrington 59 

Strachan,   John 12 

Stuart,  Rev.  John .36,  53 

Sun,  Toronto  Weekly 5° 

Superior,  Lake 34 

Surveyor's  Association 38 

Surveys,  County 37 

Switzerville 60 

Sydenham,  Lord 5$ 

Syracuse,  N.Y i 29 

Tadousac 16 

Tamworth 62 

Third  Town 38 

Toronto 26,  30,  32,  34 

Traverse  Point 25 

Trenton 33 

Trent  River 18,  19,  25.  27,  30,  36 

Trumpour  Family 47 

Trumpour,  Paul 47 

Tyendinaga -9»  33 


72  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

United  Empire  Loyalist  Burying  Ground 

15,  37,  45,  53 

United  Empire  I/oyalists 13 

14,   30,   31,   39,   41,   42,   43,  44,  45,  46,  47,  4$ 

United  States 32,  37,  48 

Upper  Canada II,   15,  16 

3i,  32,   34,   35,   36,   37,  44,   48,   49,   5i,   53,  5$ 

Upper  Gap 19,  20 

Van  Alstine,  Major  Peter 35,  43,  48,  50 

Van  Dusen,  Conrad 52 

Van  Dusen,  Hannah ; 52 

Varty  I/ake 16,  21,  22 

Victoria  County 21 

Vrooman,  Mrs.  S, 61 

Wallbridge,  Chief  Justice 53 

Wallbridge,   Elijah 53 

Ward,  Dr 15 

Warner,  Clarance  M ( 4 

Warner,  Mrs.  Sidney 62 

Warner,  Sidney 60 

Waterloo 59 

Watson,   John  J 46,  56 

Welland  Canal 33 

Weller's  Bay 31 

Western  Methodist  Church 47 

Wheeler,  Captain  Calvin 59,  62 

Whelan's  Corners 61 

White,  Major  Fred 46 

Williamson,  Prof 56 

Wilson,  Henry 61 

Wilson,  James 61 

Wilson,  John ..  61 

Wilson,  Uriah 4 

Wilton 60 

Withrow's  History 21 

Wolfe,   General..... 50 

Wolfe  Island 24,  25 

Wright,   Solomon 47 

Yonge  Street 34 

York , 32 

Yorktown 15 

Young,  Albert  0 54 

Young,  George  E 54 

Young,  John  F 54 

Young,  William  Artvd 54 


-• 


UNITED  EMPIRE  LOYALIST  MONUMENT 
ADOLPHUSTOWN,  ONT. 

The  people  grouped  about  it,  from  left  to  right,  are:— Mrs.  Wilmot  Hawley,  Mr.  J.  II. 
Allison,  Mr.  Wilmot  Hawley,  Mr.  Elias  Clapp,  Mrs.  Marshall  Mallory,  Miss  Mallory. 
Mr.  D.  W.  Allison,  Mr.  Parker  Allen,  Miss  Bertha  Borland,  Mrs.  D.  W.  Allison,  Mr*. 
Gunsolus,  Mrs.  Duffett,  Mr.  T.  W.  Casey,  Mrs.  Briden  and  Mr.  C.  R.  Allison. 


LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON 
HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 


PAPERS  AND  RECORDS 


VOL.  IV. 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS. 
PART  TWO. 


PRICE,  25  CENTS. 


NAPANEE,  ONTARIO. 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  SOCIETY. 

1912. 

PRINTED  AT  THE  BEAVER  OFFICE. 


CONTENTS. 

Casey  Burial  Plot,  Adolphustown Frontispiece 

Chronology   , 4 

Publications  of  the  Society 5 

Introduction,  by  Walter  S.  Herrington,  K.C 6 

Early     Bay     of     Quinte     Steam-Boating,      by 

Thomas  W.  Casey 7 

Early  Slavery  in  Midland  District,  by  Thomas 

W.  Casey  12 

Some  Ante  Rebellion  Arrests,    by    Thomas  W. 

Casey   22 

Our  First  Representatives    in    Parliament,     by 

Thomas   W.    Casey 27 

This    County    in    the    Sixties,    by  Thomas  W. 

Casey   49 

Amherst  Island,  by  Thomas  W.  Casey 54 

Newburgh,  by  Thomas  W.  Casey 61 

Index   . 75 


CHRONOLOGY. 

Society  Organized May  9th,    1907 

Constitution  Adopted June  nth,    1907 

First  Open  Meeting  held Oct.  25th,   1907 

Affiliated  with  the  Ontario  Historical 

Society  March  3ist,   1908 

Papers  and  Records  Published  :— 

Volume  I June  I2th,  1909 

"       II September  I9th,  1910 

11      III November   I5th,  1911 

OFFICERS  SINCE  ORGANIZATION. 

Honorary  Presidents — 

Rev.  Canon  Jarvis 1907  to  1908 

John  Gibbard,   Esq 1907 

James  Daly,   Esq 1908  to   - 

Walter  S.  Herrington,  K.C....I9O9  to   - 

Presidents — 

Clarance  M.   Warner 1907  to   


Vice  Presidents — 

Mrs.  Alexander  W.   Grange....  1907  to 

Secretary-Treasurer — 

Ulysses  J.  Flach,  Esq 1907  to 

Executive  Committee — 

Mrs.  H.  T.  Forward 1907  to 

Mr.   Frederick  Burrows 1907  to 

Uriah  Wilson,  Ex-M.P 1907  to 

Geo.  D.  Hawley,   Ex-M.P. P. ..1907  to 
Rev.    Alexander  Macdonald....i9O7  to 


PUBLICATIONS. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  official  publica- 
tions of  the  Lennox  and  Addington  Historical 
Society  with  a  brief  description  of  each. 

Vol.  I.  Chronicles  of  Napanee,  first  published 
in  1873  and  1874.  The  Origin  of  Some  of  Our  Local 
Names,  by  W.  S.  Herrington,  1908.  Yarker  and 
Vicinity,  by  E.  R.  Checkley,  1908.  Some  Notes  of 
Early  Ecclesiastical  History,— Bay  of  Quinte  Dis- 
trict, by  Rev.  Canon  Jarvis,  1908.  Some  early 
Amusements  of  the  County,  by  C.  M.  Warner,  1908. 
The  Village  of  Centreville,  by  J.  S.  Lochhead,  1908. 

Vol.  II.  Early  Education,  by  Frederick 
Burrows,  1909.  A  Story  of  the  Rear  of  Addington 
County,  by  Paul  Stein,  1910.  John  Thomson, 
Inventor  of  a  Process  for  Making  Wood  Pulp,  by  C. 
M.  Warner,  1909.  Newburgh,  by  Geo.  Anson 
Ay les worth,  1910.  The  First  Telegraph  Office  in 
Napanee,  by  Mrs.  John  Perry  Hawley,  1909.  The 
following  copies  of  Original  Documents  in  the 
Collection  : — In  Memoriam,  B.  C.  Davy,  Esq., 
(1874)  ;  Assignment  of  a  Slave,  (1824)  ;  School 
Teacher's  Contract,  (1818)  ;  Proceedings  of  the 
Napanee  Club  Library,  (1853)  ;  Programme  of 
Procession  when  Corner  Stone  of  the  Market  Hall 
was  laid,  (1856)  ;  Montreal's  Invitation  to  Cele- 
brate the  Completion  of  Grand  Trunk  Railway 
between  Montreal  and  Toronto,  (1856)  ;  Railway 
Pass  to  Attend  the  Above  Celebration,  (1856). 

Vol.  III.  The  Casey  Scrap  Books.  Introduc- 
tion by  W.  S.  Herrington,  1910.  Concerning  Mr. 
Thomas  W.  Casey,  by  A.  Dingman.  An  Old 
Adolphustown  Burying  Ground,  by  T.  W.  Casey. 
Champlain,  the  Discoverer  of  Bay  of  Quinte  and 
Lake  Ontario,  by  T.  W.  Casey.  Champlain  in  the 
Bay  of  Quinte  District,  by  T.  W.  Casey.  First 
Explorers  and  Discoverers  of  this  Section,  by  T. 
W.  Casey.  This  County  a  Century  Ago,  by  T.  W. 
Casey.  Our  County's  "First  Surveys,  by  T.  W. 
Casey.  The  Adolphustown  TJ.  E.  L.  Burying 
Ground,  by  T.  W.  Casey.  In  Old  Time  Graveyards, 
(from  Toronto  Sun,  Aug.  9th,  1899).  The  Old 
Time  District  Councils,  by  T.  W.  Casev- 


INTRODUCTION. 

There  was  published  last  year,  as  Volume  III. 
of  the  Papers  and  Records  of  the  Ivennox  and 
Addington  Historical  Society,  the  first  instalment 
of  articles  selected  from  the  scrap  books  of  the 
late  Thomas  W.  Casey.  This  first  series  dealt  with 
the  Discovery  and  Settlement  of  this  County,  in- 
cluding many  extensive  notes  upon  the  old  families 
and  prominent  men  of  by-gone  years.  Herewith  is 
presented  a  continuation  of  the  "Old-Time 
Records",  in  which  I  have  preserved,  as  far  as 
possible,  the  exact  language  of  Mr.  Casey,  only 
eliminating  here  and  there  a  sentence  or  two  having 
no  immediate  bearing  upon  the  subject  under  con- 
sideration. 

W.  S.  HERRINGTON. 


EARLY  BAY  OF  QUINTE  STEAM-BO ATlNG, 

BY    THOS.    W.   CASEY.    APRIL   25th.    1902. 

Now  that  steamboat  navigation  is  again  fully 
opened  for  the  season,  it  seems  a  suggestive  time 
to  give  some  facts  about  the  early  days  of  steam 
navigation  on  the  Bay  of  Quinte  and  other  Upper 
Canadian  waters.  It  hardly  seems  now  credible 
that  at  this  period  in  the  last  century,  and  within 
the  lifetime  of  numbers  of  well-known  residents  of 
to-day,  steamboats  and  steam  navigation  had  not 
yet  been  heard  of — not  even  dreamed  of. 

It  was  not  until  the  year  1807  that  the  Clere- 
mont,  the  first  steamboat  to  navigate  the  waters 
of  America,  made  its  first  memorable  trip  up  the 
Hudson  River,  from  New  York  to  Albany,  and  the 
name  of  Robert  Fulton  became  historic  therewith. 
That  was  the  commencement  of  a  new  era  in  con- 
nection with  navigation  travel.  Even  then,  very 
few,  if  any,  expected  that  steam  navigation  would 
become  so  extended  so  as  to  cross  lakes  and  rivers, 
and  by  such  means  navigate  the  world.  Even 
Fulton  did  not  live  long  enough  to  see  the  Atlantic 
ocean  thus  navigated. 

Eight  years  after  that  time,  in  1815,  the  first 
steamer,  the  Accommodation,  was  built  and  navi- 
gated Canadian  waters.  John  Molson,  whose  name 
became  so  prominently  identified  with  the  business 
enterprises  of  Montreal,  was  the  proprietor,  and  its 
route  was  established  between  Montreal  and 
Quebec.  It  is  on  record  that  when  this  strange 
vessel,  without  sails,  and  making  its  way  against 
both  wind  and  tide,  reached  Quebec,  nearly  all  the 
inhabitants  of  the  town,  to  the  number  of  thous- 
ands, were  assembled  to  witness  the  strange  sight. 
No  doubt  they  were  as  much  astonished  as  were 
many  on  the  Hudson  when  the  Cleremont  made  its 
first  trip.  It  is  on  record  that  many  boatmen  on 
the  river  pulled  their  vessels  ashore,  and  took  to 
the  land  with  all  possible  speed  to  make  their 
escape. 

FIRST   OCEAN    VESSEL. 

It  is  to  the  credit  of  Canada  that  the  first 
regular  steamship  to  cross  the  Atlantic  ocean  was 
a  native  of  Canada,  built  at  Three  Rivers,  below 


8  LENNOX    AND   ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Montreal  in  1833.  Canada  was  thus  in  advance  of 
the  enterprise  of  both  Great  Britain  and  the  United 
States  in  this  respect.  We  have  seen  long  accounts 
of  that  historic  vessel  and  of  its  first  memorable 
voyage,  but  have  not  space  now  to  make  further 
reference  to  it.  The  Royal  William,  however,  de- 
pended largely  on  its  sails  as  well  as  steam  for  its 
success.  However,  that  demonstrated  the  possibil- 
ity of  such  a  class  of  vessels,  and  others  soon  began 
to  follow. 

So  far  as  Upper  Canada  is  concerned  the 
steamer  Frontenac  was  the  first  to  be  built  and 
launched.  It  was  commenced  in  the  year  1815  and 
launched  and  completed  the  next  year.  It  was 
built  in  this  county,  at  Finkle's  Point,  a  mile  or 
two  west  of  Bath.  At  that  point  at  least  three  of 
the  early  steamers  were  built,  besides  other  vessels. 
In  the  matter  of  vessel  building,  as  in  several  other 
things,  Bath  then  occupied  a  more  important  posi- 
tion than  Kingston.  Finkle,  the  proprietor  of  the 
tavern  and  farm  there,  appears  to  have  been  a  man 
of  much  enterprise  and  considerable  wealth  and 
local  influence,  and  had  an  interest  in  the  building 
of  all  these  vessels. 

It  was  at  his  tavern  the  first  courts  of  the 
Midland  District  were  held,  the  Hon.  Richard 
Cartwright  presiding,  as  there  was  then  no  where 
else  in  the  District  that  ample  accommodation 
could  be  obtained.  It  was  there,  too,  that  the  first 
legal  hanging  is  said  to  have  taken  place,  for  the 
crime  of  watch  stealing.  And  it  is  said  that  until 
a  few  years  past  a  willow  tree  stood  there  to  which 
convicts  for  stealing  and  other  crimes  were  fastened 
and  lashed  with  many  sore  stripes.  It  was  there, 
too,  that  the  first  frame  school  house,  with  a 
teacher's  residence,  was  built  in  Upper  Canada. 

The  Frontenac  regularly  navigated  I^ake  Ontar- 
io, from  Toronto  and  the  River  St.  Lawrence,  down 
to  Prescott,  for  many  years.  We  have  never  seen 
any  record  of  its  sailing  on  the  Bay  of  Quinte. 

FIRST  BAY  STEAMERS. 

The  Queen  Charlotte  was  the  first  steamer  to 
navigate  the  waters  of  the  Bay  of  Quinte.  She, 
too,  was  built  at  Finkle's  Point,  and  Finkle  was 
one  of  its  principal  shareholders.  It  was  built  and 
commenced  running  in  1818  ;  its  trip  being  from 
"The  Carrying  Place"  at  the  head  of  the  Bay,  not 
far  from  the  location  of  the  present  Murray  Canal, 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  » 

to  Prescott,  which  was  then  as  far  down  the  St. 
Lawrence  as  navigation  extended,  because  of  the 
Rapids.  The  writer  has  heard  from  some  of  the 
people  of  the  past  generation  some  marvellous  and 
interesting  incidents  about  the  Charlotte's  early 
trips.  The  days  when  it  was  known  she  would  pass 
up  or  down  wagon  loads  would  drive  to  the  Bay 
shore  from  miles  distant  to  see  her  plough  through 
the  waters,  against  wind  and  storm,  at  five  to 
seven  miles  an  hour.  The  natural  exclamation  then 
would  be  that  "wonders  will  never  cease."  By 
running  pretty  steadily  day  and  night,  two  round 
trips  could  be  made  in  the  week.  The  fare  each  way 
was  $5.00,  meals  included  ;  and  that  was  much 
cheaper  and  speedier  travelling  than  the  people  had 
been  accustomed  to.  There  was  no  upper  deck,— 
just  a  rude  gentlemen's  cabin  in  the  main  deck,  and 
a  small  ladies'  cabin  below,  with  the  floor  about 
six  feet  wide,  and  a  few  berths  up  the  sides  as  the 
sides  flared  out.  But  it  was  all  sumptuous  travel- 
ling compared  with  the  open  sail  or  row  boats  be- 
fore that  time.  It  continued  to  run  regularly  for 
about  twenty  years,  but  did  not  pay  even  running 
expenses  for  years. 

We  have  heard  of  one  wealthy  and  intelligent 
old  farmer  who  drove  miles  to  Bath  to  see  the  boat 
and  its  mysteries.  He  got  on  board  and  went  all 
through,  seeing  the  engine,  its  boiler,  furnaces  and 
all,  and  how  they  worked,  and  became  so  interested 
in  it  that  the  boat  had  got  some  miles  up  the  Bay 
before  he  even  noticed  it  had  left  dock.  He  was 
given  a  free  ride  to  Adolphustown,  however,  and 
came  back  afoot,  to  find  his  team  all  right  yet.  He 
felt  he  had  been  pretty  well  repaid  for  his  day's 
journey. 

Some  years  later,  in  1828,  the  Sir  James 
Kemp  was  built  and  launched  also  from  Finkle's 
Point.  It  was  a  larger  and  more  pretentious  boat 
and  ran  for  many  years  on  the  Bay,  and  many  of 
the  older  people,  now  living,  can  well  remember 
sailing  on  it.  Our  venerable,  yet  sprightly  towns- 
man, Peter  Bristol,  J.P.,  of  Piety  Hill,  was  present 
and  saw  it  launched.  A  copy  of  the  Kingston 
Gazette  of  August  8th,  1828,  now  lying  before  us, 
has  this  news  item  : 

"The  Sir  James  Kemp. — This  new  steamer, 
built  at  Bath,  under  the  superintendence  of  Captain 
Gildersleeve,  was  safely  launched  on  Monday  last, 
and  towed  into  Kingston  harbor  on  Wednesday 


10  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

morning  by  the  Toronto.  The  Sir  James  Kemp  is 
a  beautiful  boat,  rather  longer  than  the  old  Char- 
lotte, and  her  engine  is  forty-five  horse  power.  She 
is  destined  to  ply.  between  Prescott  and  the  head  of 
Bay  of  Quinte." 

The  boat  was  named  in  honor  of  Sir  James 
Kemp,  who  had  been  for  some  time  Lieut. -Governor 
of  Nova  Scotia,  but  was  in  that  year,  1828,  ap- 
pointed by  the  British  Government  Governor-Gen- 
eral of  British  America. 

THE   GILDERSLEEVES. 

Capt.  Harry  Gildersleeve,  mentioned  in  the 
last  paragraph,  came  to  Bath  in  connection  with 
the  building  of  the  Frontenac  and  Queen  Charlotte, 
as  a  builder.  He  became  captain  of  the  latter  boat 
and  continued  sailing  and  interested  in  steamship 
building  and  running  for  the  rest  of  his  days.  He 
was  the  head  of  the  Gildersleeve  family,  of  King- 
ston, who  have  been  so  prominently  identified  with 
steamboat  navigation  ever  since.  We  have  seen  it 
stated  that  he  married  a  Miss  Finkle,  of  the  ;  Point. 
He  became  a  wealthy  and  influential  man. 

It  may  as  well  be  mentioned  here  of  the  Crysler 
family,  some  of  whom  were  prominently  identified 
with  sailing  of  the  Gildersleeve  boats  for  many 
years.  John  Crysler  was  a  prominent  man  in  Dun- 
das  County  and  was  elected  its  representative  in  the 
Upper  Canada  Legislature  for  years,  retiring  in 
1828.  During  one  of  the  winters  when  he  drove 
with  his  horse  and  cutter  to  York,  to  attend  the 
session,  he  reached  Mrs.  Finkle's  tavern  one  night 
and  remained  there.  A  young  and  handsome 
daughter  of  hers  was  anxious  to  go  to  York  to  see 
friends,  and  begged  a  passage  also,  as  the  M.  P.  P. 
was  alone.  There  were  few  chances  in  those  days, 
and  he  readily  consented.  During  the  trip  of  two 
or  three  days  he  became  quite  smitten  with  her 
charms,  and  proposed  marriage.  They  "made  it 
up"  and  were  married,  and  it  was  not  till  some 
weeks  later,  on  their  return,  that  the  mother  had 
any  hint  of  it.  News  moved  slowly  then.  The 
match  was  quite  satisfactory,  however,  and  from 
that  union  originated  quite  a  large  and  important 
family.  One  son,  Captain  Crysler,  was  a  popular 
and  important  captain  on  one  of  the  Gildersleeve 
steamers — the  Prince  of  Wales — for  many  years. 

OTHER   BOATS   AND   CAPTAINS. 

The    principal    steamers    until    the    past    forty 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  11 

years  on  the  Bay  were  those  already  mentioned  and 
the  Brockville,  Fashion,  Novelty,  all  commanded  in 
their  time  by  Captain  Jacob  Bonter,  of  Belleville  ; 
the  Bay  of  Ouinte,  the  finest  boat  in  its  day,  built 
by  Gildersleeve,  and  commanded  by  Captain  J.  Mc- 
Gill  Chambers,  of  Smiths'  Falls  ;  the  Queen  Vic- 
toria, owned  and  commanded  by  Captain  Henry 
Corby,  of  Belleville.  These  captains  were  all  ener- 
getic and  prominent  men  in  their  time.  There  were 
others,  but  the  writer  scarcely  remembers  their 
names  now.  Until  well  in  the  fifties,  when  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway  commenced  operations, 
steamboats  were  the  only  public  means  of  travel- 
ling and  the  boats  and  captains  were  of  much  pub- 
lic importance. 

There  were  on  the  lake  and  river  sixty  years 
ago  a  number  of  staunch  steamers,  popularly 
known  as  the  Royal  Mail  Ivine,  all  painted  black, 
making  daily  trips  from  Toronto  to  Kingston  and 
on  down,  and  carrying  the  Royal  mail.  Prominent 
among  them  were  the  Sovereign,  City  of  Toronto, 
Princess  Royal.  About  in  the  forties  two  iron 
steamers,  the  Magnet  and  Passport,  came  on  the 
lake,  and  with  them  were  introduced  a  new  and 
more  popular  class  of  vessels.  They  were  painted 
white, — the  first  of  the  lake  steamers  so  painted 
that  the  writer  remembers  of.  They  were  built  in 
Scotland,  and  completed  here.  So  staunch  were 
they  built  that  now,  sixty  years  later,  they  are  yet 
in  active  service.  The  Magnet  has  been  re-named 
the  Hamilton,  and  was  the  pioneer  of  a  now  pretty 
well  established  line  between  Hamilton  and  Mon- 
treal, making  weekly  trips. 

The  Hon.  Billa  Flint,  of  Belleville,  built  two 
steam  barges,  fitted  up  for  passengers,  lumber  and 
other  freight,  making  regular  trips  from  Belleville 
to  Oswego.  That  was  about  fifty  years  ago.  They 
were  quite  popular  in  their  time.  A  few  years 
later,  in  the  sixties,  the  Downey  Bros.,  of  Napanee, 
established  a  line  of  two  similar  boats,  the  Oswego 
Belle  and  Kincardine,  between  here  and  Oswego. 
At  that  time  very  large  quantities  of  barley,  lum- 
ber and  other  freight  were  shipped  from  here.  That 
business  fell  off  and  the  steamers  went  elsewhere. 

It  is  not  necessary  here  to  make  mention  of  the 
present  line  of  steamers  of  the  Deseronto  Naviga- 
tion Company,  supplying  the  bay  in  all  directions, 
or  of  the  other  numerous  steamers  of  to-day.  Now 
that  the  Murray  Canal  has  been  opened  and  the  fine 


12  LENNOX   AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

lake  steamers  are  passing  up  and  down  through 
Canadian  waters  every  day,  the  passenger  accom- 
modation on  our  waters  was  never  so  varied  and  so 
good  before,  and  there  was  never  so  much  passenger 
traffic  of  that  kind. 

The  late  Captain  John  Porte,  who  died  in  Tren- 
ton a  few  years  ago,  was  the  first  to  establish  a 
regular  steamer  passenger  route  in  and  out  of  the 
Napanee  River.  The  small  and  somewhat  slow 
"John  Greenway,"  brought  here  from  the  Mohawk 
River,  N.Y.,  was  the  pioneer  boat  for  that  purpose. 
That  was  about  forty  years  ago.  The  route  has 
been  well  kept  up  ever  since  and  is  now  well  sup- 
plied with  two  boats  each  day.  In  fact  the  whole 
passenger  steamer  traffic  on  the  bay,  the  lake  and 
the  river,  was  never  so  well  and  luxuriously 
supplied  as  it  now  is.  The  wonder,  to  many,  is 
how  so  many  steamers  can  possibly  find  traffic  to 
make  their  various  routes  profitable. 


EARLY  SLAVERY  IN  MIDLAND  DISTRICT. 

BY  THOS.  W.  CASEY.    FEBRUARY  14th  AND  21st,  19O2. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Stephen  Gibson, 
County  Registrar  for  Lennox  and  Addington,  we 
have  seen  a  rare  old  document  in  regard  to  the 
existence  of  negro  slavery  in  this  county,  among 
the  first  of  the  U.  E.  Loyalist  pioneers.  It  is  the 
will  of  Gasper  Bower,  of  the  Township  of  Camden, 
and  bearing  date  of  June,  1804,  and  which  was  pro- 
bated before  Judge  Alexander  Fisher,  at  Adolphus- 
town,  October  28th,  1804.  Mr.  Fisher  was  the  first 
Judge  of  the  Surrogate  Court  of  the  Midland  Dis- 
trict, and  a  man  of  much  prominence  among  the 
early  U.  E.  Loyalists.  He  lived  and  died  in  Adol- 
phustown,  and  his  remains  lie  buried  in  a  field  on 
the  farm  he  owned  in  the  third  concession,  on  the 
south  shores  of  Hay  Bay,  now  well  known  as  "the 
Platt  farm."  Among  the  provisions  of  the  will  are 
the  following  : 

"I  give  to  my  dear  wife,  Miriam  Bower,  that 
part  or  parcel  of  land  situate,  lying  and  being  in 
the  Township  of  Camden,  lot  5  in  the  1st  concession 
200  acres,  dwelling  house,  barn,  outhouses,  house- 
hold stuff,  kitchen  furniture,  4  milch  cows,  yoke  of 
oxen,  one  horse.  I  also  give  and  bequeath  to  my 
wife,  Miriam  Bower,  to  hold  during  her  natural  life, 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  13 

a  negro  wench  named  Charlotte,  and  from  and  after 
the  decease  of  my  said  wife,  Miriam  Bower,  I  give 
and  bequeath  the  above-named  negro  wench,  Char- 
lotte, to  my  grand-daughter,  Elizabeth  Bower, 
daughter  of  Adam  Bower." 

Then  the  will  goes  on  to  provide  for  the 
disposal  of  other  property,— lands,  cattle  and  chat- 
tels. Evidently  that  time  a  negro  wench,  held  as  a 
slave,  was  as  much  a  piece  of  deedable  property  as 
a  farm,  a  cow,  or  a  horse. 

GASPER    BOWER 

was  of  Dutch  origin  and  one  of  the  U.  E.  Loyglist 
pioneers  of  this  county.  According  to  the  early 
Crown  Lands  record,  he  was  a  Corporal  of  the 
King's  Royal  Regiment  of  New  York  during  the 
war  of  the  American  Revolution.  His  name 
appears  with  the  other  early  Loyalist  settlers  on 
the  Government  provision  list  in  1786.  He  owned 
the  farm  on  which  the  Village  of  Strathcona  now 
stands,  and  built  the  first  grist  mill  there  at  a  very 
early  date.  It  was  probably  the  first  mill  of  that 
kind  on  the  Napanee  River  farther  up  stream  than 
where  the  first  mills  at  "Appanee  Falls"  were  first 
built  by  Robert  Clark,  for  the  Government,  in  1786. 
His  name  appears  on  Robert  Clark's  old  account 
book  in  connection  with  the  building  of  the  first 
mills  at  Napanee,  as  having  furnished  a  team  of 
horses  for  work  at  that  time.  It  is  quite  probable, 
therefore,  that  he  was  among  the  first  owners  of 
horses  in  this  section  of  the  country.  He  was  a 
Presbyterian  and  on  his  farm  was  built  a  substan- 
tial stone  Presbyterian  Church  at  a  very  early  time 
in  the  last  century.  It  was  probably  the  first  stone 
church  of  any  kind  built  in  this  county.  Later  on 
the  early  Lutherans  also  used  the  church  as  a  place 
of  worship,  and  so  did  the  Methodists.  It  was  torn 
away,  years  ago,  to  make  room  for  the  present 
substantial  brick  Methodist  Church  at  Strathcona. 
Mr.  Bower  died  and  was  buried  about  1806,  on  his 
farm,  at  what  was  long  known  as  "Bower's  Mills", 
where  his  sons  and  other  descendants  lived  for 
years.  None  of  the  name  now  reside  in  the  county, 
we  believe,  but  a  number  of  the  descendants  are  well 
known  citizens  elsewhere. 

There  was  also  a  school  there  at  an  early  time, 
— one  of  the  few  early  schools  in  the  county.  Our 
venerable  citizen,  John  Gibbard,  J.P.,  now  nearly 
ninety  years  of  age,  well  remembers,  with  his  older 


14      LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

brother  William,  going  to  that  school  in  his  early 
years.  They  then  lived  beyond  where  Newburgh 
now  stands,  and  had,  therefore,  some  miles  to 
trudge  through  the  woods  every  night  and  morning 
to  reach  that  school.  The  late  William  Gibbard 
once  told  the  writer  he  well  remembered,  over 
eighty  years  ago,  playing  in  an  old  frame  building, 
then  abandoned,  which  was  the  first  Bower  grist 
mill  at  that  place. 

MORE  EARLY   SLAVES. 

Gasper  Bower  was  not  alone  among  the  early 
settlers  as  a  slave  holder,  nor  was  much  thought  of 
it  at  that  time.  His  neighbor,  John  Carscallen, 
living  then  east  of  Newburgh,  was  also  a  slave 
owner,  and  it  is  probable  that  several  others  of  the 
pioneers  of  Camden,  as  well  as  of  the  other  adjoin- 
ing townships,  were  his  associates  in  this  respect. 
And  there  was  nothing  thought  of  it  to  be  incon- 
sistent with  their  positions  as  good  church  mem- 
bers. The  executors  of  Mr.  Bower's  will,  whose 
duty  it  was  to  see  that  the  negro  wench,  Charlotte, 
was  duly  handed  over  with  the  land,  cows  and 
horse,  as  provided  for  in  the  will,  were  Rufus 
Shorey,  EHsha  Shorey  and  James  McKim,  all  quite 
nearby  neighbors  and  friends,  and  all  quite  prom- 
inent Methodists,  we  believe. 

What  may  have  eventually  become  of  Charlotte 
we  have  no  record,  or  what  may  have  become  of  the 
many  other  early  slaves  and  their  descendants,  of 
the  Midland  District,  of  a  hundred  years  ago,  seems 
now  a  real  mystery.  The  writer  has  been  trying  for 
years  past  to  obtain  more  information  about  these 
things,  but  it  seems  very  difficult  to  obtain.  One 
thing  is  now  pretty  evident,  none  of  the  descend- 
ants, so  far  as  we  can  learn,  are  now  living  in  these 
counties. 

SLAVE   CHILDREN  BORN. 

There  is  considerable  evidence  that  numbers  of 
slave  children  were  born  in  this  district  at  one  time. 
It  is  said  that  the  large  negro  family  of  the  Minks, 
that  at  one  time  lived  a  couple  of  miles  up  the 
river  from  here,  at  what  is  yet  well  known  as 
"Mink's  Bridge,"  were  descendants  of  slaves  owned 
by  Capt.  Herkimer,  one  of  the  first  settlers  in 
"Firsttown,"  at  what  is  yet  well  known  as  Herchi- 
mer's  Point,  a  few  miles  west  of  Kingston.  Some 
of  the  Minks  became  well  known  and  prominent 
men.  George  was  for  a  time  a  prominent  livery 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  15 

man  in  Toronto,  and  then  became  the  proprietor  of 
the  stage  line  and  mail  contractor  between  Toronto 
and  Kingston,  and  was  reputed  then  to  be  a  man 
of  considerable  wealth.  James  had  a  livery  and 
tavern  at  Kingston  for  years,  where  he  was  well 
known.  Poor  Tobias,  who  was  drowned  in  the 
river  here,  while  intoxicated,  was  a  well  known 
character  about  Napanee  for  years.  So  far  as  we 
know,  there  is  not  one  of  the  name  now  living. 

In  the  Rev.  John  lyanghorn's  early  church  bap- 
tism register,  at  Bath,  there  is  the  record  of  the 
baptism  of  a  number  of  negro  slave  children,  be- 
longing to  some  of  the  well  known  and  most  promi- 
nent early  families.  It  is  not  probable,  however, 
that  one  family  in  ten,  even  about  that  locality, 
took  the  pains  to  have  the  negro  children  born  in 
their  households  given  a  Christian  baptism.  Here 
is  a  record  of  some  that  occur  in  L/anghorn's  regis- 
ter of  the  first  baptisms  in  this  county.  They  are 
recorded  among  the  other  regular  baptisms  : 

1.  "November  13,  1791.     Richard,  son  of  Pomp 
and    Nelly,    a    negro    living  with  Timothy  Thomp- 
son."    Mr.  Thompson,  it  may  be  remembered,  was 
a    retired    U.  E.  Iy.  officer,    residing  in  Fredericks- 
burgh,  near  where  Sandhurst  now  is.      He  was  for 
many  years  a  member  of  the  Upper  Canada  Legis- 
lature for  Addington.     He  died  at  his  farm  and  was 
buried  in  the  Sandhurst  churchyard.       He    left    no 
children. 

2.  "Oct.  6,     1793.       Richard,  surnamed  Pruyn, 
a    negro    living    with    Harmen  Pruyn,    Fredericks- 
butgh."     It  is  said    that    the    Pruyn    family,    who 
resided  on  the  bay  shore,  front  of  Fredericksburgh, 
owned  a  larger  number  of  slaves  than  almost  any 
other    family    then    resident  in  the  county.       There 
seems  now  no  record  of  any  of  their  descendants,  if 
they  left  any. 

3.  "March  2,    1796.     Belly,    surnamed  Levi,     a 
negro    girl    living    with    Johannes  Walden  Meyers, 
Thurlow."       Meyers  were  one  of  the  old  and  weal- 
thy families  residing  at    what  is    now  the  city    of 
Belleville.     The  place  was  first  known  as  "Meyers' 
Creek,"  in  honor  of  that  family,  who  were    among 
its  principal  founders. 

4.  "March      3rd,      1796.         Ashur,      surnamed 
Hampton,  a  negro  boy,  living  with    Samuel  Sher- 
wood, Thurlow."     It    is    quite    probable    that    Mr. 
Sherwood  was  a  near  neighbor  of  the  Meyers  as  the 
baptism  is  recorded  the  next  day  after  the  foregoing 


16  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

and  its  record  occurs  among  quite  a  number  of 
other  baptisms  just  then  in  that  locality. 

5.  "April  22d,  1805.  Francis,  son  of  Violet, 
a  negro  woman  living  with  Hazelton  Spencer,  Esq., 
by  Francis  Green."  Mr.  Spencer  was  a  resident  of 
the  front  of  Fredericksburgh,  near  Conway,  where 
he  died  and  was  buried  on  his  own  farm.  He  was 
a. member  of  the  first  Upper  Canada  Legislature, 
representing  Addington  and  Hastings.  He  was 
also,  for  years,  a  churchwarden  of  St.  Paul's 
church  at  Sandhurst,  which  according  to  Lang- 
horn's  record,  was  first  used  for  divine  service  on 
Christmas  day,  1791,  and  was,  he  records,  "the 
first  church  that  ever  was  built,  new  from  the 
ground,  in  the  Province  of  Quebec  (before  Upper 
Canada  was  set  apart),  solely  for  a  Church  of 
Kngland  church  ;  excepting  one  of  the  Mohawk 
churches  on  Grand  River  lays  claim  to  a  senior- 
ity." There  is  a  record,  in  the  same  church 
register,  of  the  burial  of  Francis,  on  the  iyth  of 
January,  1806. 

The  Anti-Slavery  Act  was  passed  by  the  Upper 
Canada  Legislature  previous  to  the  time  of  the 
record  of  these  baptisms,  and  after  that  time  the 
word  "slave"  seldom  or  never  appears.  That  Act 
did  not  actually  abolish  slavery  at  that  time,  and 
free  all  the  negroes  from  bondage,  as  many  now 
suppose.  It  merely  prohibited  the  importation  of 
any  more,  with  certain  other  provisions  as  to  the 
termination  of  the  bondage  of  those  born  later  on. 

SOME  OTHER  SLAVE  OWNERS. 

In  all  the  early  U.  K.  Loyalists  appear  to  have 
brought  in  several  hundreds,  if  not  thousands, 
from  the  States,  into  what  is  now  the  Dominion  of 
Canada.  They,  or  their  fathers,  had  been  slave 
owners  in  New  York,  New  Jersey,  the  New  Kngland 
States,  and  elsewhere,  and  slaves  were  among  the 
few  articles  of  property  they  brought  with  them. 

Rev.  John  Stuart,  of  Kingston,  the  first  Church 
of  Kngland  minister  in  Upper  Canada,  makes  record 
in  his  written  memoirs,  that  he  brought  his  slaves 
with  him  from  the  Mohawk  Valley,  where  he  had 
resided  previous  to  the  revolution.  He  then  wrote  : 
"My  negroes,  being  personal  property,  I  take  with 
me,  one  of  which  being  a  young  man,  and  capable 
of  bearing  arms,  I  have  to  give  £100  security  to 
send  back  a  white  prisoner  in  his  stead." 

Robert  Perry,  the  head  of  a  yet  large  and  well- 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  17 

known  family  in  this  county,  had  also  one  or  more 
slaves  who  came  and  remained  with  him  here.  In 
these  columns  it  has  been  mentioned  before  that 
among  the  well-known  early  slave  owners  in  this 
County  were  Maj.  VanAlstine,  Capt.  Joseph  Allen, 
Capt.  Thos.  Dorland,  Capt.  J.  Huyck,  Capt.  Trum- 
pour,  the  Bogarts,  Petersons,  Capt.  Peter  Ruttan, 
and  others,  all  of  Adolphustown  ;  the  F  airfields,  of 
Ernesttown  ;  Col.  Clark,  of  Fredericksburgh,  after 
which  the  once  thriving  Village  of  Clarksville  was 
named.  Others  residing  elsewhere  and  other  facts 
will  be  given  in  the  near  future. 

Dr.  W.  Canniff,  in  his  excellent  history,  gives 
many  interesting  facts  on  these  matters.  Rev.  T. 
W.  Smith,  D.D.,  of  Halifax,  N.S.,  has  prepared  a 
very  elaborate  volume  of  about  1 60  pages,  in  which 
more  information  is  given  in  regard  to  early  Cana- 
dian slavery  than  we  have  met  with  anywhere  else. 

ABOLITION  IN  UPPER  CANADA. 

It  has  been  a  frequent  boast  that  in  Upper 
Canada  a  slavery  abolition  law  was  enacted  before 
anywhere  else  in  the  British  Empire.  Some  facts 
in  regard  to  the  enacting  of  that  law  may  be  of 
information  to  many  readers.  It  was  passed  at 
the  second  session  of  the  First  Upper  Canada  Legis- 
lature, held  at  Newark — now  Niagara — in  1793. 
That  act  did  not  set  free  the  slaves  that  were  then 
in  bondage  here.  It  provided  as  follows  : 

"From  and  after  the  passing  of  this  Act,  it 
shall  not  be  lawful  for  the  Governor  to  grant  a 
license  for  the  importation  of  any  negro  or  other 
person  to  be  subjected  to  the  condition  of  a  slave 
*  *  *  nor  shall  any  negro,  or  other  person  who 
shall  come  or  be  brought  into  the  Province  after 
the  passing  of  this  Act  be  subject  to  the  condition 
of  a  slave,"  etc. 

Thus,  in  the  second  clause  of  the  Act  it  was 
provided  that  the  owners  of  slaves  at  the  time  in 
the  Province  should  be  secured  in  their  property, 
and  contracts  already  made  should  not  be  affected. 
It  will  thus  be  seen  that  while  the  slave  traffic  was 
abolished,  slavery  itself,  as  it  then  existed  in  the 
Province,  continued  until  the  death  of  those  then  in 
bondage  here. 

It  was  also  provided  that  children  of  slave 
mothers  were  virtually  the  property  of  their 
masters  until  they  reached  the  age  of  25  years. 
The  masters  were  held  legally  responsible  for  the 


18  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

proper  care,  nourishment  and  clothing  of  these 
children  during  their  infancy,  and  were  entitled  to 
their  service  until  the  age  of  25,  when  they  were 
entitled  to  their  liberty. 

Credit  for  the  passing  of  this  Act  was  given  to 
Lieut. -Governor  Simcoe,  the  first  Governor  of 
Upper  Canada  ;  to  Judge  Osgoode,  the  first  Chief 
Justice — after  whom  Osgoode  Hall,  in  Toronto, 
gets  its  name — and  Robert  Grav,  the  first  Solicitor- 
General  of  the  Province.  They  were  all  Englishmen 
by  birth,  and,  it  is  said,  were  all  bitterly  opposed 
in  principle  to  slavery.  It  is  said  that  the  Act  did 
not  pass  without  considerable  opposition.  That  is 
not  to  be  wondered  at,  for  it  is  known  that  a  num- 
ber of  members  of  that  first  Parliament  were  them- 
selves owners  of  slaves.  Among  them  may  be 
named  Hazelton  Spencer,  for  Lennox  and  Hastings; 
Joshua  Booth,  for  Addington  and  Ontario  ;  Thomas 
Borland,  for  Adolphustown  and  Prince  Edward,  and 
quite  probably  others.  Hon.  Richard  Cartwright, 
of  the  Legislative  Council,  was  also  a  slave  owner, 
and  it  is  quite  probable  that  other  members  of  that 
body  were  also. 

UPPER   CANADA'S   LEAD. 

Dr.  William  Canniff,  in  his  admirable  U.  E.  L- 
history,  remarks  :  "When  Upper  Canada,  in  1793, 
took  the  lead  in  the  whole  of  Britain's  vast  domain 
in  legislating  against  slavery,  Lower  Canada  con- 
tinued to  regard  it  without  disfavor  ;  and,  even  in 
Montreal,  endeavored  to  fix  the  chains  of  bondage 
more  firmly  upon  the  negro.  But  what  the  Provin- 
cial Legislature  did  not,  although  presented  with 
the  example  set  by  Upper  Canada,  was  done  in  a 
different  wav  by  Chief  Justice  Osgoode,  who,  in 
1803,  at  Montreal,  declared  slavery  inconsistent 
with  the  laws  of  the  country,  and  gave  freedom  to 
persons  in  that  condition.  And  when  the  British 
Act  of  Emancipation  was  passed,  in  1833,  setting 
free  the  slaves  in  all  parts  of  the  Empire,  there 
were  no  slaves  in  Canada,  Upper  or  Lower.  Thirty 
years  previous  had  the  evil  been  crushed  in  Lower 
Canada,  and  forty  years  before  Upper  Canada  had 
declared  it  was  highly  expedient  to  abolish  slavery, 
and  had  enacted  laws  to  secure  its  abolition." 

It  may  be  now,  too,  that  Canada  will  lead  the 
other  parts  of  the  British  Empire  in  the  matter  of 
the  abolition  of  the  drink  traffic. 


THE    CASEY    SCRAP   BOOKS.  19 

SLAVERY   IN   LOWER   CANADA. 

We  have  before  referred  to  the  excellent  little 
volume  entitled,  "The  Slave  in  Canada,"  by  Rev. 
T.  Watson  Smith,  D.D.,  of  Halifax,  N.S.,  a  well 
known  historian  of  that  Province.  For  much  of 
the  facts  that  here  follow,  the  writer  is  indebted  to 
that  work.  Writing  of  slavery  in  the  Province  of 
Quebec,  he  gives  numerous  instances  of  its  estab- 
lishment and  existence  there  before  the  arrival  of 
the  U.  E.  Loyalists  at  all.  He  writes  : 

"Slavery  in  Canada,  as  that  extensive  Province 
was  formally  defined,  was  of  French  institution. 
The  first  slave  sale  recorded  in  the  colony  was  that 
at  Quebec  of  a  negro  boy  from  Madagascar,  by 
David  Kertk,  in  1628,  for  fifty  half  crowns.  Kertk, 
the  son  of  a  Scotch  father  and  French  mother,  was 
born  at  Dieppe,  had  gone  to  England,  and  with 
several  ships  fitted  out  with  the  assistance  of  two 
brothers  and  other  relatives,  under  commission  of 
the  English  king,  had  done  serious  damage  to 
French  interests  at  Port  Royal,  Quebec, ,  and  other 
points  at  the  Atlantic  seaboard.  .  .  In  the  sys- 
tem of  bondage  instituted  in  Canada  under  French 
rule,  no  change  took  place  through  the  transfer  of 
the  colony  to  the  English  crown.  It  had  been  pro- 
vided by  the  47th  article  of  the  capitulation  of 
Canada  in  1760  that  all  negroes  and  Parris  (Indian 
slaves)  should  remain  in  their  condition  as  slaves  ; 
and  no  hesitation  on  the  part  of  the  English  auth- 
orities could  have  been  feared,  since,  by  an  Act  of 
the  British  Parliament  in  1732,  houses,  lands, 
negroes  and  real  estate  had  been  made  liable  for 
sale  as  assets  to  satisfy  the  claims  of  their  owners' 
creditors." 

In  1784,  about  the  time  of  the  arrival  of  the 
U.  E.  Loyalists,  there  were  known  to  be  304  slaves 
in  the  hands  of  various  owners  in  Quebec. 

General  Haldimand  was  the  Governor  of  the 
Colony  of  Quebec,  which  then  included  Upper 
Canada  also,  before  and  at  the  time  of  the  arrival 
of  the  U.  E.  Loyalists.  In  his  early  diary  of  those 
times  are  several  references  to  slaves,  which  clearly 
indicates  their  official  recognition.  In  1778  a 
business  man  at  Montreal  asked  permission  from 
the  Governor  to  sell  a  negro  for  a  debt  due  him  by 
the  slave's  master.  At  Quebec,  in  the  same  year, 
a  negro  petitioned  for  his  liberty  in  view  of  patri- 
otic services  rendered  to  the  Government. 


20      LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

Among  the  early  Canadian  archives  there  is  a 
"Return  of  Negroes  brought  in  by  Scouts  and  sold 
at  Montreal.  It  was  signed  by  Sir  John  Johnson, 
whose  name  is  so  prominent  among  the  early 
I/oyalists,  and  of  many  of  the  pioneers  along  the 
Bay  of  Ouinte,  and  who  also  brought  in  himself  a 
number  of  slaves  in  his  flight  from  Albany  to  Mon- 
treal." Of  the  fifty  or  more  slaves  named  in  this 
list,  nearly  half  were  sold  in  Montreal,  a  few  being 
carried  by  Indians  and  whites  to  Niagara  ;  the 
others  were  handed  over  to  their  former  owners. 
One,  named  Charles,  was  sold  to  Rev.  David  C. 
Del/isle,  the  Episcopal  Rector  at  Montreal,  for 
twenty  pounds,  Tom,  another  negro,  was  sold  by 
Captain  Thompson,  of  Butler's  Rangers,  (no  doubt 
he  who  afterwards  settled  in  Fredericksburgh),  to 
Sir  John  Johnson,  who  gave  him  to  Mr.  Langan, 
and  so  there  is  a  list  of  many  others.  Sir  John 
Johnson  is  said  to  have  had  fourteen  slaves  at  the 
time  of  his  flight  to  Canada. 

In  the  Montreal  Gazette,  of  March,  1784, 
Madame  Perrault  offered  a  negro  for  sale  ;  and  the 
early  papers  of  Montreal,  of  Quebec,  and  of  Niagara 
contained  a  number  of  advertisements  of  slaves  for 
sale  or  of  runaway  slaves  for  whose  return  rewards 
were  offered. 

SLAVES   IN   NOVA    SCOTIA. 

Mr.  Smith  writes  :  "Slaves  were  brought  into 
Nova  Scotia  at  an  early  period.  The  prevalent  im- 
pression that  thev  were  first  introduced  into  the 
Province  by  the  I/oyalists  has  no  foundation  in  fact. 
As  to  prevalence  of  slaves  at  Halifax  a  year  or  two 
after  its  settlement  there  can  be  no  question.  A 
letter  written  at  Halifax  in  September,  1759,  con- 
tains an  interesting  reference  to  their  employment." 

One  instance  is  given  where  a  piously  inclined 
slave  holder  at  Halifax  willed  a  slave,  at  his  death, 
"for  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  Wardens  and  Vestry 
of  St.  Paul's,"  one  of  the  oldest  churches  in  that 
city.  A  very  large  number  of  the  first  U.  E.  Loy- 
alists, especially  from  the  New  England  States, 
first  found  refuge  in  Nova  Scotia,  about  Shelbourne 
and  ttiat  portion  of  the  Province,  and  they  are  said 
to  have  taken  with  them  a  large  number  of  slaves. 
We  believe  that  more  of  the  descendants  of  these 
negroes  are  to  be  found  in  that  vicinity  now  than 
in  almost  any  other  one  part  of  the  Dominion." 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  21 

MORE  OP  UPPER  CANADA. 

Mr.  Smith  writes  :  '4At  the  close  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary war  the  western  part  of  Canada— now  the 
Province  of  Ontario — then  almost  a  wilderness,  be- 
came the  home  of  some  thousands  of  Loyalists,  not 
a  few  of  whom  were  descendants  of  the  old  Dutch 
and  Walloon  settlers  of  the  Province  of  New  York. 
They  entered  Canada  at  different  points,  some  by 
crossing  the  St.  Lawrence,  in  the  vicinity  of  Corn- 
wall, and  at  Montreal  ;  while  others  landed  at 
Cataraqui— Kingston  of  to-day— and  perhaps  the 
largest  number  at  points  along  the  Niagara 
frontier.  Many  of  them  settled  along  the  Upper 
St.  Lawrence,  around  the  beautiful  Bay  of  Quinte, 
and  on  the  northern  shore  of  Lake  Ontario.  .  .  . 
During  the  depressing  journey  from  the  old  home  to 
the  new,  in  some  cases  occupying  weeks  spent  in 
open  boat  or  wagon,  some  of  the  Loyalists  and 
their  families  were  accompanied  by  slaves,  not  a 
few  of  whom  had  come  of  their  own  accord.  Slave 
property  had,  in  many  cases,  been  confiscated  with 
the  owner's  estates  ;  in  some  instances  a  part  of  it 
remained,  in  others  slaves  had  been  purchased.  On 
the  faithfulness  of  these  attendant  negroes  the  voy- 
agers were  in  a  great  measure  dependent  for  their 
progress  and  their  comfort.  The  oar,  plied  by  their 
strong  arm,  sometimes  aided  the  sail  of  their  rude 
batteaux,  at  other  times  replaced  it  ;  the  camp, 
where  nightly  rested  the  women  and  children,  too 
weary  to  think  of  it  as  on  the  site  of  some  former 
deadly  conflict,  or  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  lynx, 
or  bear,  or  wolf,  often  owed  both  safety  and  com- 
fort to  the  skill  and  deftness  of  their  not  unwilling 
hands." 

The  writer  also  gives  some  interesting  facts  of 
the  slaves  held  by  a  number  of  the  prominent  Upper 
Canadian  Loyalist  families,  which  we  have  not  now 
the  space  to  make  mention  of.  The  records  in  re- 
gard to  early  slavery  in  this  and  the  other 
Provinces  form  a  very  interesting  part  of  our 
Canadian  historv. 


SOME  ANTE  REBELLION  ARRESTS. 

BY   THOS.   W.  CASEY.    NOVEMBER  24th,   1899. 

The  few  years  preceding  the  Mackenzie  rebellion 
of  1837-8  in  this  Province  were  stirring  and  exciting 
years  in  political  circles.  There  were  then  hard  and 
somewhat  discouraging  struggles  to  obtain  for  this 
country  the  rights  of  self-government  which  we  now 
enjoy.  The  idea  prevailed  for  years,  even  with  a 
good  many  intelligent  and  well  meaning  men,  that 
such  a  system  of  government  was  not  compatible 
with  the  standing  of  the  country  as  a  British 
colony.  The  agitators,  on  that  account,  were  often 
looked  upon  as  "rebels"  to  the  British  system  of 
government,  and  treated  as  such,  too.  No  doubt 
the  members  of  the  old  "Family  Compact"— the 
men  who  largely  monopolized  the  public  offices, 
their  authority  and  their  emoluments,  for  them- 
selves and  their  families  and  relatives — adroitly 
used  their  influence  to  impress  the  people  that  all 
such  Reformers  were  rebels  at  heart  against  British 
rule  and  authority. 

Matters  were  carried  with  a  high  hand  for 
years.  Men  who  were  obnoxious  or  troublesome  to 
the  party  in  power  were,  in  numbers  of  instances, 
expelled  from  Parliament  and  ejected  from  office  on 
pretexts  such  as  would  not  for  a  moment  be  toler- 
ated to-day.  Now  that  the  struggle  is  all  over  and 
the  people  can  look  back  on  it  all  in  the  light  of 
history,  there  are  few  who  are  not  now  willing  to 
admit  that  Canada  owes  much  to  the  agitators  of 
the  thirties,  much  as  many  of  them  were  then  des- 
pised and  extreme  as  were  some  of  the  acts  of 
which  some  became  guilty, — especially  William 
Lyon  Mackenzie  and  some  of  his  immediate  asso- 
ciates who  took  a  prominent  part  in  that  notable 
rebellion. 

No  doubt  a  very  large  proportion  of  the  old 
Reform  party,  who  held  up  the  hands  of  Mackenzie 
for  some  3rears,  had  no  idea  or  intention  that  the 
agitation  would  ever  culminate  in  a  rebellion 
against  British  rule  ;  they  were  as  ready  as  others 
to  help  stamp  that  down  when  their  eyes  once  be- 
came open  to  the  facts  of  the  case.  They  earnestly 
desired  a  reform  from  the  then  existing  state  of 
affairs,  but  they  fully  expected  to  help  bring  those 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS*  2.T 

reforms  about  by  lawful  and  constitutional  .means. 
At  times,  however,  their  efforts  met  with  great 
discouragement,  not  only  from  the  party  in  power 
in  this  Province,  but  from  the  British  Government, 
who  did  not  really  understand  the  true  state  of 
affairs  here. 

The  rebellion  itself,  wicked  and  short  lived  as  it 
was,  no  doubt  resulted  in  great  good, — in  opening 
the  eyes  of  the  people  of  England  to  the  abuses  to 
which  Canadians  had  been  subjected.  Lord  Durham 
was  sent  to  Canada  because  of  that  rebellion,  and 
to  his  enquiries  and  his  subsequent  very  able  report 
we  owe  it  that  the  eves  of  the  English  statesmen 
were  opened  and  the  reforms  were  in  consequence 
granted  that  we  now  so  happily  enjoy. 

SOME  NOTABLE  ARRESTS. 

No  doubt  there  were  many  hot  headed  men 
among  the  agitators  and  many  high-handed  men 
among  the  party  in  power.  That  a  large  number  of 
both  these  classes  were  really  well  meaning  men  we 
have  now  no  reason  to  doubt.  They  did  not  under- 
stand each  other  ;  they  went,  too,  according  to  the 
light  they  then  possessed.  England  did  not  under- 
stand colonial  government  as  it  happily  does 
to-day. 

All  over  the  Province,  especially  during  the 
stirring  times  of  1837-8,  and  largely,  we  think,  be- 
cause of  the  incompetence  of  Governor  Francis  Bond 
Head,  a  great  many  high-handed  measures  were 
resorted  to.  Good  loyal  men,  who  had  taken  a  less 
prominent  part  in  the  ranks  of  the  old  Reform 
party  than  many  now  take  in  the  ranks  of  the 
Liberal  party,  were  treated  as  veritable  traitors 
and  rebels.  Their  houses  were  searched,  their 
papers  and  mails  were  seized,  examined  and  often 
confiscated,  and  they  were  themselves  arrested  and 
thrust  into  our  prisons  with  more  severity  and  less 
ceremony  than  some  of  our  worst  thieves  have 
to-day. 

There  were  some  notable  cases  of  that  kind  in 
this  county,  though  not  so  many  of  a  really  high- 
handed character  as  in  the  western  sections  of  the 
Province.  Lennox  and  Addington  was,  for  some 
years  then,  known  as  "a  Banner  Reform  County." 
Marshall  Bidwell  and  Peter  Perry,  who  were  leading 
spirits  in  the  party  in  the  Legislature  for  years, 
were  elected  by  large  majorities  from  this  county. 
Others,  also  truly  loyal,  were  among  their  ardent 


24  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

supporters  and  warm  personal  friends.  Then,  as  it 
unhappily  is  now,  the  party  leaders  on  both  sides 
made  it  their  policy  to  stir  up  the  minds  of  the 
common  people  that  "the  other  party"  was  largely 
led  and  composed  of  real  dupes  or  down-right 
rascals  or  traitors. 

Among  the  hundreds  of  really  honest  men  com- 
mitted to  prisons,  here  and  there,  were  a  few  of  our 
then  well  known  citizens  and  business  men.  Here 
is  one  of  the  cases  which  some  of  the  older  inhabi- 
tants may  well  remember  : 

EBENEZER  PERRY'S  ARREST. 

Among  the  prominent  and  prosperous  business 
men  of  Krnesttown  up  to  1837  was  Ebenezer  Perry, 
who  kept  a  store  and  carried  on  a  pot-ashery  just 
opposite  what  is  vet  known  as  Storms'  Corners,  on 
the  Kingston  road.  Mr.  Perry  was  a  nephew  of 
Peter  Perry  ,  M.P.P.,  already  referred  to.  He  be- 
longed to  a  leading  family  who  took  a  prominent 
interest  in  political  affairs.  He  was  a  man  of  more 
than  ordinary  education  for  those  times,  and  of 
intelligence  and  an  active  mind.  He  was  a  fluent 
talker  and  a  ready  stump  speaker  and  exerted  a 
good  deal  of  influence  in  his  local^.  When  arrests 
began  to  be  made  by  the  wholesale  of  the  leading 
spirits,  it  was  resolved  to  arrest  him  too,  seize 
and  search  his  papers  and  have  him  taken  to  King- 
ston to  prison. 

It  happened  one  winter  evening  just  then  that 
the  late  Job  Ay  Is  worth,  of  Newburgh,  who  then 
lived  on  a  farm  just  east  of  Mr.  Perry,  casually 
heard  through  a  friend  that  a  meeting  of  the  Tory 
Squires  had  been  held  in  Bath  and  it  was  arranged 
that  Kbenezer  Perry  and  Nathan  Fellows  should  be 
arrested  that  night  as  disloyal  persons.  It  was 
midnight,  or  later,  when  this  information  was 
received,  but  within  an  hour  or  so  Mr.  Perry  got  a 
friendly  hint  of  it.  He  was  abed  and  asleep  at  the 
time,  but  at  once  roused  himself  up,  and  he  and  his 
wife  at  once  searched  out  and  destroyed  all  corres- 
pondence and  other  papers  they  found  that  might 
be  even  construed  into  anything  like  giving  trouble. 
He  dressed  himself  hurriedly  and  at  once  made  his 
way  to  his  brother's,  the  late  William  Perry,  a 
large  farmer  at  Violet,  a  mile  or  two  distant, 
where  he  was  comfortably  concealed  in  a  quantity 
of  hay  over  a  horse  stable,  where  he  could  be  fed 
and  cared  for  until  it  was  deemed  safe  to  get  him 
safely  away. 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  23 

After  he  had  gone,  Mrs.  Perry  made  another 
search  among  some  papers  they  had  at  first  over- 
looked and  among  them  she  found  a  letter  or  two 
from  Mackenzie,  which,  while  not  of  an  incriminat- 
ing character  at  all,  mieht  have  been  distorted  into 
vsome  thing  quite  troublesome  then,  simply  because 
of  the  name  of  the  writer.  Scarcely  had  she  finish- 
ed that  work  and  retired  again  with  her  young 
family  than  a  loud  knock  was  heard  at  the  door 
and  an  authoritative  demand  was  made  for  admit- 
tance. She  very  innocently  got  up,  opened  the  door 
and  enquired  what  was  wanted.  Outside  stood  four 
men,  armed  with  swords,  who  demanded  to  see 
Mr.  Perry  on  urgent  business. 

They  were  informed  that  he  was  not  at  home  ; 
he  had  gone  away  on  business  and  she  did  not 
expect  him  back  again  for  some  days.  The  house 
was  at  once  searched  and  so  were  all  the  premises, 
but  of  course,  to  no  purpose.  A  careful  search  was 
then  made  of  all  his  books  and  papers  and  such 
were  tied  up  as  were  thought  to  be  of  interest. 
Mrs.  Perry  was  then  asked  if  there  were  any  other 
papers  or  letters  of  his  in  the  house.  She  began  to 
feel  a  good  deal  irritated  and  independent  by  that 
time  and  remarked  to  them  that  if  they  were  to 
search  the  chip  basket  and  the  pot-hole  they  might 
pick  up  some  more  old  scraps  and  fragments. 

They  then  left  and,  we  believe,  went  on  to  Mr. 
Fellows',  who  had  not  received  any  warning.  He 
was  arrested,  searched  and  made  a  prisoner  and 
taken  to  prison  or  before  a  magistrate,  but  nothing 
could  be  brought  against  him  of  any  kind,  and  he 
was  let  go  again  after  a  short  time. 

Others  including  Squire  Joseph  I/ockwood,  who 
was  a  native  of  that  locality,  but  then  a  prominent 
and  wealthy  resident  of  Hastings  County,  were  also 
thus  arrested  and  taken  to  Kingston  for  trial,  but 
to  no  purpose  so  far  as  anything  criminal  concern- 
ing them  was  concerned. 

In  scores  of  families  all  over  the  country  there 
was  anxiety  and  suspense  at  the  time.  Few  who 
had  been  prominent  in  political  agitation  before 
felt  themselves  safe  for  a  time.  Many  of  them  had 
good  reason  to  blame  Mackenzie,  who  by  his  over- 
zeal  and  lack  of  discretion  and  prudence,  brought 
trouble  and  disgrace  on  many  truly  well-meaning 
men  at  that  time.  It  is  very  evident  that  even 
Mackenzie  did  not,  at  first,  intend  any  such  thing 
as  a  rebellion,  nor  did  the  many  hundreds  of  his 


26  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

party  associates,  but  in  the  end  he  went  to  much 
greater  lengths  than  was  intended,  bringing  trouble 
and  bloodshed  on  the  country,  and  disaster  and 
death  on  some  of  his  most  trusted  friends.  Out  of 
so  much  evil  much  good  really  resulted  in  the  end, 
in  the  way  we  have  already  indicated.  But  for 
years  the  old  Reform  party  was  in  disgrace  and 
under  strong  suspicion  because  of  the  ill-advised 
acts  of  a  few  hot-headed  and  unscrupulous  men. 

MR.  PERRY'S  AFTER  MOVEMENTS. 

As  Mr.  Perry  and  his  descendants  and  relatives 
are  well  known  in  this  county  it  may  be  as  well 
here  to  refer  to  his  after  career.  After  a  couple  of 
weeks  the  watch  for  him  became  less  vigilant  and 
the  excitement  less  intense,  and  it  was  deened  safe 
to  drive  him  to  Kingston  and  from  thence  across  to 
Cape  Vincent.  He  found  it  prudent  to  remain  away 
for  some  years,  we  believe,  before  he  again  returned 
to  become  a  permanent  resident.  We  have  been 
informed  that  he  ventured  back  some  time  the  next 
summer,  but  soon  found  himself  so  pursued  and 
hunted  that  he  concealed  himself  in  a  woods  near 
by  and  made  his  way  back  again  beyond  the  reach 
of  arrest.  Others  in  different  parts  of  the  country 
who  were  similarly  hunted  out  got  soured  towards 
Canada  and  our  Government  and  never  returned. 
In  most  of  these  cases,  too,  the  men  who  thus 
pursued  them  verily  thought  they  were  doing  our 
country  a  good  loyal  service. 

Mr.  Perry  returned  to  his  native  township  some 
years  after,  but  his  business  was  gone  and  he  never 
really  again  recovered  his  former  good  business 
standing.  He  became  a  respected  and  honored  citi- 
zen, however,  and  represented  his  native  township 
in  the  Township,  District  and  County  Councils  for 
years.  He  was  once  Warden  of  this  County  and 
was  freely  recognized  as  one  of  the  ablest  and  most 
influential  members  of  the  Council  in  his  day.  He 
was  appointed  a  Crown  Land's  agent  and  had  much 
to  do  with  the  opening  up  of  the  Kaladar  and 
Madawaska  colonization  road  and  of  the  early 
settlement  of  that  district.  He  spent  his  last  days 
in  Tamworth,  and  was  among  its  enterprising  and 
loyal  citizens. 

Such  incidents  may  give  younger  readers  of  The 
Beaver  an  idea  of  the  hardship,  political  as  well  as 
social  and  financial,  that  the  earlier  inhabitants  of 
these  Counties  passed  through.  Many  of  the  bless- 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  27 

ings  and  advantages  of  various  kinds,  of  a  business, 
social,  educational  and  political  character,  we  owe 
to  the  men  of  former  generations  here,  who  accord- 
ing to  the  light  they  enjoyed,  did  well  their  share 
in  making  this  the  prosperous  and  free  country  we 
now  have. 


OUR    FIRST    REPRESENTATIVES  IN 
PARLIAMENT. 

BY  THOS.   W.   CASEY. 

Very  few  people  in  this  county, — in  Lennox  in 
particular — know  who  was  .the  representative  of  the 
county  in  the  First  Parliament  of  Upper  Canada. 
Somewhat  singular  to  say  that  while  the  names  of 
the  members  of  the  First  Parliament  have  been 
published  we  can  nowhere  find  a  list  of  the  constit- 
uencies each  of  them  represented.  Even  in  the 
parliamentary  libraries  at  Ottawa  and  Toronto 
such  lists  do  not  appear  to  exist. 

The  First  Parliament,  it  will  be  remembered, 
was  first  convened  at  Newark,  now  Niagara,  on  the 
1 8th  of  September,  1792,  and  continued  in  session 
until  the  I5th  of  October.  There  were  but  sixteen 
members,  all  told,  and  it  is  said  that  they  were 
first  convened  in  a  canvas  tent,  which  had  been 
used  previously  as  a  military  tent.  Houses  were 
scarce  at  that  time.  Governor  Simcoe,  who  was 
the  first  governor  appointed  to  this  province  after 
its  separation  from  Quebec,  arrived  in  Kingston  in 
the  early  summer  of  1792,  and  on  the  i6th  of  July 
issued  a  proclamation  dividing  the  Province  into 
nineteen  counties,  and  these  again  were  constituted 
into  sixteen  electoral  districts,  and  ordering  elec- 
tions to  be  held.  Just  the  date  of  these  elections 
we  do  not  know.  It  is  not  probable  they  were  all 
held  in  one  day,  as  that  has  been  but  a  recent  rule. 
The  elections  probably  took  place  in  August. 

OUR   OWN   REPRESENTATION. 

The  Midland  District,  extending  at  that  time 
from  the  Gananoque  to  the  Trent  Rivers,  was 
divided  into  the  Counties  of  Frontenac,  Ontario, 
Addington,  Lennox,  Prince  Edward  and  Hastings. 
Ontario  County  consisted  of  the  islands  in  front  of 
the  main  land, — Amherst,  Wolfe,  Simcoe  and  Howe 
Islands, — now  connected  with  the  counties.  For 
representation  purposes  at  that  time  Frontenac 


28  LENNOX   AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

was  united  to  Leeds  County,  and  sent  one 
member.  Addington  and  Ontario  were  united  and 
Joshua  Booth  was  elected  the  representative. 
Lennox,  except  Adolphustown,  was  united  with 
Hastings  and  Northumberland, — the  two  latter 
were  then  very  sparcely  populated, — and  Hazelton 
Spencer  was  elected.  Adolphustown  and  Prince 
Edward  were  united  and  Philip  Dorland  was  first 
elected,  but  later  on  Major  Peter  Vanalstine.  Just 
how  long  this  grouping  of  districts  continued  we  do 
not  know.  It  was  not  many  years,  however,  before 
Lennox  and  Addington  began  to  send,  unitedly,  one 
member,  and  this  was  continued  until  the  time  of 
Confederation,  in  1867,  when  the  division  was  made 
that  now  continues. 

At  that  time  and  for  many  years  after  there 
was  but  one  polling  division  in  each  county,  and  the 
election  generally  continued  an  entire  week,  or  until 
a  given  time  elapsed  without  a  vote  being  tendered, 
or  until  one  or  other  of  the  candidates  happened  to 
withdraw.  There  were  no  ballots  used  for  many 
years  later,  and  the  state  of  the  poll  was  always 
known.  There  were  no  laws  against  treating, 
either,  and  the  custom  often  was  for  the  candidates 
to  keep  "open  house"  and  every  elector  was 
gratuitously  supplied  with  all  he  cared  to  eat  and 
drink.  Drinking  and  fighting  prevailed  to  a  large 
extent  in  consequence. 

JOSHUA    BOOTH. 

Of  Mr.  Booth,  the  first  member  for  Addington 
and  Ontario,  mention  has  been  made  a  number  of 
times  in  The  Beaver.  He  was  a  Sergeant  in  the 
King's  forces  during  the  War  of  the  American 
Revolution,  and  was  among  the  first  of  the  United 
Empire  Loyalist  refugees  settling  in  this  province. 
From  the  fact  that  he  settled  in  "Second  Town11, 
or  Ernesttown,  it  is  probable  that  he  was  connected 
with  Sir  John  Johnson's  regiment.  He  settled  on 
lot  No.  40,  in  the  First  Concession,  on  the  Bay  of 
Quinte  shore,  where  he  lived  and  died.  He  married 
Miss  Margaret  Fraser,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  Fraser, 
also  one  of  the  early  Loyalists  of  that  locality.  He 
reared  a  large  family.  According  to  the  "reminis- 
cences" of  John  Collins  Clark  he  died  in  a  field  on 
his  own  farm  in  1812,  "supposed  of  a  fit."  Another 
statement  is  that  he  died  suddenly  October  3ist, 
1813,  aged  54  years,  leaving  a  widow  and  ten 
children.  A  large  number  of  his  descendants  are 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  '20 

still  among  our  respectable  and  well  known 
citizens  ;  several  of  them  have  been  among  our 
large  mill  owners  and  prominent  business  men, 
especially  in  the  vicinity  of  Odessa. 

It  is  said  that  he  erected  the  first  grist  mill  in 
the  county  on  the  stream  a  little  above  Millhaven, 
where  such  a  mill  now  stands.  In  the  course  of  a 
few  years  he  obtained  other  mill  sites  and  owned 
several  of  the  first  mills  between  where  Millhaven 
and  Odessa  now  stands,  and  it  was  long  known  as 
"Mill  Creek."  He  was  one  of  the  most  enterprising 
of  the  early  settlers  of  the  township,  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death  was  said  to  have  been  the  largest 
land-owner  and  mill-owner  in  the  township,  if  not 
in  the  county.  He  was  an  intimate  friend  of  the 
Hon.  Richard  Cartwright,  also  an  extensive 
business  man.  Mr.  Booth  was  an  early  Justice  of 
the  Peace  and  a  member  of  the  Court  of  Requests 
for  his  locality. 

HAZELTON    SPENCER ,    J.P. 

Mr.  Spencer,  who  first  represented  Addington, 
Hastings  and  Northumberland,  was  a  pioneer  resi- 
dent of  the  front  of  Fredericksburgh.  He  was  born 
at  East  Greenwich,  Rhode  Island,  August  29th, 
1757.  Of  course  it  was  then  a  British  colony.  He 
was  the  eldest  son  of  Benjamin  Spencer,  who  about 
ten  years  later  moved  to  Vermont,  where  he  had 
received  a  grant  of  land  upon  the  Winooski  (or 
Onion)  River.  Benjamin  Spencer  became  a  Justice 
of  the  Provincial  Court  of  Vermont,  and  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  American  Revolutionary  war,  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Provisional  Assembly 
or  Congress,  charged  with  the  duty  of  deciding  the 
course  which  the  Province  should  take  in  relation 
to  the  rebellion.  He  was  an  uncompromising 
British  loyalist,  and  soon  found  himself  in  hopeless 
minority  ;  he  was  obliged  to  flee  for  his  life  in 
consequence.  Feeling  at  that  time  ran  very  high. 
He  took  refuge  with  the  army  of  Gen.  Burgoyne, 
the  British  commander  at  that  time,  and  died  at 
Ticonderoga,  on  Lake  Champlain,  shortly  after  the 
celebrated  battle  of  Bennington,  which  was  fought 
1 6th  August,  1777. 

About  that  time  young  Hazelton  Spencer,  then 
about  twenty  years  of  age,  attached  himself  to  the 
"King's  Royal  Regiment  of  New  York,"  a  regi- 
ment that  played  a  very  important  part  in  many 
of  the  bloody  scenes  of  those  days.  He  was  a 


30  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

volunteer,  and  it  was  not  long  after  that  his  name 
appeared  at  the  foot  of  an  old  American  "List  of 
the  Prisoners  with  the  Rebels  of  the  King's  Royal 
Regiment,  of  New  York,"  signed  by  "J.  Val- 
antine,  Adjutant."  His  name  subsequently  appears 
a  number  of  times,  and  in  various  capacities  in  the 
"Haldimand  Papers"  which  contain  so  many  im- 
portant records  of  those  times.  Among  the  rest 
his  name  appears  among  the  "Officers  recommended 
to  His  Excellency,  General  Haldimand,  for  promo- 
tion in  the  Second  Batallion  of  the  King's  Royal 
Regiment.  Later  on  occurs  the  name  of  "Lieuten- 
ant Hazelton  Spencer"  whose  length  of  service  was 
stated  to  be  seven  years. 

CAME    TO    CANADA. 

At  the  final  disbanding  of  the  Regiment,  in 
1784,  Hazelton  Spencer  came  to  this  country,  in 
company  with  a  large  number  of  his  former 
comrades,  and  took  up  land  and  settled  in  "Third 
Town,"  or  Fredericksburgh,  on  the  shores  of  the 
Bay  of  Quinte,  west  of  what  is  known  as  Conway, 
and  about  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Mr.  Henry 
Vandyck.  There  the  most  of  his  after  days  were 
spent,  and  there  he  died  and  was  buried,  beside  his 
wife  and  some  of  their  children.  In  about  1787  he 
married  Miss  Margaret  Richards,  by  whom  he  had 
a  large  family.  The  baptismal  records  of  a  number 
of  their  children  appear  in  the  register  of  the  Rev, 
John  Langhorn,  now  published  in  the  papers  of  the 
Ontario  Historical  Society,  Vol.  I.,  and  also  in 
the  parish  records  of  Kingston.  The  records  of  his 
burial  in  1813  also  appears  in  the  Langhorn  record. 

The  sons  were  Benjamin,  John,  Hazelton, 
Richard  and  Augustus  ;  the  daughters,  Margaret, 
Julia,  Anna,  Cecilia.  They  were  nearly  all  born  in 
Fredericksburgh  and  some  of  them  spent  all  their 
days  there.  Benjamin,  the  eldest,  inherited  the 
estate,  as  the  father  died  suddenly  and  intestate. 
John  was  a  physician  ;  he  practiced  and  died  at 
Carleton  Place.  He  was  father  of  Rev.  Canon 
Spencer.  James  went  to  Massachusetts,  where  he 
died.  William  resided  in  Fredericksburgh,  and  was 
the  father  of  Mrs.  B.  C.  Lloyd,  oi"  Camden,  and  the 
late  Hazelton  Spencer,  who  lived  for  years  in  this 
county,  and  died  at  Trenton  a  couple  of  years  ago. 
Of  the  daughters,  Margaret  married  a  Mr.  Conger, 
Cecilia,  a  Mr.  Werdon,  Julia  married  Mr.  John 
Sloan,  a  well  known  resident  of  South  Fredericks- 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  31 

burgh,  years  ago.  She  was  the  mother  of  Mrs. 
Richard  Phippen,  and  Thomas  Sloan,  now  both  well 
known  residents  near  Conway.  Of  the  other  many 
descendants  we  have  no  record  at  our  disposal. 

ELECTED  TO   PARLIAMENT. 

As  we  have  already  stated,  Hazelton  Spencer 
was  elected  to  represent  Lennox  in  the  First 
Legislature  of  Upper  Canada.  That  legislature 
consisted  of  sixteen  members  of  the  Legislative 
Assembly  and  seven  members  of  the  Legislative 
Council,  and  was  first  convened  at  Newark — now 
Niagara — by  Governor  Simcoe,  the  first  Lieutenant- 
Governor,  on  the  iyth  of  September,  1792.  Joshua 
Booth,  of  Ernesttown,  was  his  associate,  represent- 
ing Addington  and  Ontario,  which  consisted  of  the 
Islands  of  the  Bay  and  Upper  St.  Lawrence. 

He  sat  during  only  one  legislature  from  1792 
to  1796,  and  was  then  succeeded  by  Timothy 
Thompson,  a  neighbor,  who  represented  the  County 
in  several  legislatures,  and  of  whom  more  will 
appear  in  these  columns  later  on.  We  have  no 
particulars  in  regard  to  that  election,  whether  there 
was  any  opponent,  or  where  it  was  held.  It  is 
probable,  however,  it  was  held  somewhere  on  the 
Front  of  Fredericksburgh,  as  there  were  no  settle- 
ments of  much  importance  then  in  any  other  part 
of  the  electoral  district. 

The  Addington  election  was  held,  we  believe,  at 
Bath. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  by  what  means 
he  made  his  journey  to  the  seat  of  government  at 
that  time.  Unless  it  was  made  by  sailing  vessel  or 
open  boat,  along  the  Lake  shore,  it  must  have  been 
by  horse-back,  through  an  almost  unbroken  wilder- 
ness, almost  all  the  way  from  Carrying  Place,  at 
the  head  of  the  Bay,  round  the  head  of  the  Lake, 
where  the  City  of  Hamilton  now  stands,  attended 
by  an  Indian  guide.  That  was  the  route  travelled 
by  some  of  the  M.P.P.'s  and  Government  officials 
for  years  later  than  that  time.  . 

IN   MILITARY   SERVICE. 

Hazelton  Spencer  also  had  considerable  ex- 
perience in  military  service  in  this  Province.  In 
1796  two  battalions  of  Royal  Canadian  volunteers 
were  formed.  Of  the  first  battalion  J.  DeLongueil 
was  the  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  Louis  DeSalaberry 
was  Major.  Of  the  second  John  Macdonell  was 


32  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Ivieutenant-Colonel,   and  Hazelton  Spencer  Major, 

From  about  1797  to  1803  Major  Hazelton 
Spencer  was  commandant  of  garrison  at  Kingston, 
—then  a  very  important  position.  He  lived  in  the 
Government  House  there  and  occupied  the  Govern- 
ment pew  in  St.  George's  church.  There  are  still 
traditional  arcounts  of  the  exchange  of  civilities 
between  the  two  important  Government  officials,— 
the  Commodore  of  the  Fleet  stationed  there,  and 
the  Military  Commandant.  Those  were  days  of 
strict  military  discipline  ;  one  of  the  penalties  then 
inflicted  by  the  Commandant  for  breaches  of  dis- 
cipline by  his  soldiers  was  to  require  the  man 
convicted  to  attend  church  with  his  tunic  turned 
wrong  side  out. 

At  the  time  of  Major  Spencer's  residence  in 
Kingston,  Mr.  John  Strachan,  then  a  young  man 
from  Scotland,  was  a  resident  there  and  taught  a 
private  school,  principally  the  sons  of  the  Hon. 
Richard  Cartwright..  A  close  intimacy  and  a  warm 
personal  friendship  sprang  up  between  them.  Mr. 
Strachan,  it  may  be  remembered,  though  a  Presby- 
terian then  and  a  strong  Calvinist  in  creed,  and  at 
one  time  a  candidate  as  pastor  of  a  Presbyterian 
congregation  at  Montreal,  later  on  became  a 
member  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  was  the 
first  Anglican  Bishop  in  this  Province.  Major 
Spencer  was  a  strong  anti-Calvinist,  and  it  is  said 
there  was  many  a  tilt  between  the  young  Divinity 
student  and  the  Commandant  on  theological  points. 

The  old  Church  Warden's  Register  at  St.  John's 
Church,  now  at  Bath,  records  that  at  the  vestry 
meetings  for  years  Hazelton  Spencer  was  appointed 
a  Church  Warden  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Fredericks- 
burgh.  During  all  of  Rev.  John  Langhorn's  time, 
and  for  years  after,  we  believe,  they  were  both  of 
the  same  parish.  Mr.  Spencer  was  a  Church 
Warden  there  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

Of  his  end  Rev.  Canon  Spencer  writes  as 
follows  :  "It  was  probably  the  excitement  of  the 
exercise  of  the  duties  of  his  office,  on  the  breaking 
out  of  the  American  War  of  1812  that  brought  on 
the  illness  of  which  my  grandfather  died,  somewhat 
suddenly,  in  February,  1813,  at  the  comparatively 
early  age  of  fifty-five.  My  father,  (Dr.  John),  who 
had  just  acquired  his  profession,  and  received  an 
appointment  as  Surgeon  to  a  Regiment,  was  unable 
to  reach  home  in  time  to  see  him  alive.  It  was 
probably  due  to  the  suddenness  of  his  death  that 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  33 

he  died  intestate  ;  so  that  under  the  law  of  primo- 
geniture then  in  force  all  real  estate  went  to  the 
eldest  son.  This  caused  a  scattering  of  the  family 
in  consequence  of  which  there  is  no  well  preserved 
family  tradition." 

BORLAND  AND   VANALSTINE. 

Philip  Borland  was  first  elected  for  Adolphus- 
town  and  Prince  Edward  County.  He  was  a  U.  E. 
Ivoyalist  and  was  among  the  first  pioneers  who 
landed  at  Adolphustown  in  June,  1784.  He  was 
Clerk  of  the  first  town  meeting  held  in  Adolphus- 
town, on  the  6th  of  March,  1792.  That  was 
probably  the  first  meeting  of  its  kind  held  in 
Upper  Canada,  and  certainly  the  oldest  of  which  we 
have  now  any  record.  He  was  also  a  prominent 
member  of  the  first  "Society  of  Friends,"  or 
Quakers,  established  in  this  province.  It  was  at 
his  house  that  the  first  regular  preparative  meeting 
was  held,  on  the  I7th  day  of  "ninth  month" 
(September,  1798)  at  which  regular  delegates  were 
present  from  the  monthly  meeting  at  Nine  Partners, 
New  York  State,  and  the  disciplinary  steps  were 
taken  to  regularly  establish  a  society  in  Upper 
Canada.  He  was  the  Secretary  of  that  meeting. 
He  was  also  one  of  the  leading  members  in  building 
the  first  Quaker  meeting  house  in  Adolphustown — 
the  first  one  of  its  kind  erected  in  Upper  Canada — 
a  year  later. 

After  his  election  to  Parliament  he  made  the 
long  and  tedious  joiirney,  on  horse-back,  and 
through  the  woods,  to  Newark  to  take  his  seat. 
He  had,  however,  a  Quaker's  conscientious  scruples 
to  taking  an  oath,  according  to  their  then  only 
prescribed  form,  and  the  other  members  would  not 
consent  to  his  sitting  on  any  other  condition.  The 
seat  was,  therefore,  unanimously  declared  vacant, 
and  remained  vacant  for  that  session.  A  new  writ 
was  issued  and  Major  Peter  Vanalstine  was  elected 
in  his  stead  and  occupied  that  position  during  the 
remaining  sessions  of  that  parliament. 

Peter  Borland  lived  on  a  farm  fronting  the  bay 
shore,  nearly  opposite  Glenora.  A  few  years  later 
he  moved  to  Prince  Edward  County  and  settled  on 
a  farm  a  little  west  of  where  the  village  of  Welling- 
ton now  stands.  There  he  lived  and  died.  A  large 
number  of  his  descendants  yet  reside  in  that  county 
and  in  other  sections  of  the  province. 

Major  Peter  Vanalstine  also  lived  and  died    on 


34  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

a  farm  in  Adolphustown,  the  lot  adjoining  Philip 
Borland.  He  was  of  Knickerbocker  descent  and 
came  from  New  York  to  Upper  Canada  with  the 
first  company  of  Loyalists  who  landed  in  Adolphus- 
town. He  was  the  head  of  that  company.  There 
is  no  record  that  he  served  in  the  military  ranks 
during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion.  The  most  of  the 
Adolphustown  pioneers  were  Quakers  and  other 
noncombatants  during  that  war  ;  but  they  main- 
tained their  loyalty  to  the  British  cause  and  firmly 
refused  to  aid  or  abet  the  Americans  in  any  way  ; 
their  properties  were,  therefore,  confiscated,  and 
they  were  driven  out  of  that  country  along  with  the 
rest  of  "the  Tories."  Dr.  Canniff  says  of  him,  in 
his  history,  that  "he  was  decidedly  Dutch,  and 
spoke  the  Knglish  language  very  imperfectly.  He 
was  a  stout,  robust  man,  with  a  dark  complexion. 
Among  the  first  to  settle  in  Adolphustown,  he  well 
knew  the  hardships  of  pioneer  life.  Naturally  a 
kind  hearted  man,  he  for  many  years  afforded  the 
new  comers  much  comfort  and  material  aid.  No 
matter  who  came,  he  would  order  up  from  his 
cellar  kitchen — the  old  Dutch  style — his  negro  ser- 
vants— slaves  he  had  brought  in  with  him,  and  set 
before  the  traveller  the  necessary  refreshments." 

He  built  the  first  grist  mill  erected  in  Prince 
Edward  County,  at  Glenora,  opposite  his  own 
residence,  where  flouring  mills  have  since  been  in 
existence.  He  died  in  1811,  aged  64  years,  and  was 
buried  in  the  old  U.  K.  L.  burying  ground  at  Adol- 
phustown. We  believe  he  was  unanimously  elected 
and  only  served  during  one  Parliament.  He  is  re- 
presented as  a  sharp  and  keen  business  man. 

ABOUT   MILL    TOLLS. 

A  story  used  to  be  told  at  the  expense  of  both 
Joshua  Booth  and  Peter  Vanalstine,  but  of  which 
it  may  have  been  true,  or  whether  it  was  true  at 
all,  is  doubtful.  It  may  as  well  be  given  here  for 
what  it  is  worth.  It  was  very  current  for  many 
years.  Among  the  early  acts  enacted  by  the  First 
Parliament  was  one  fixing  the  legal  rate  of  toll  at 
grist  mills.  The  bill  proposed,  as  first  introduced, 
that  one-tenth  of  the  grist  should  be  thus  allowed. 
Joshua  Booth  and  Peter  Vanalstine,  as  we  have 
before  intimated,  were  both  grist  mill  owners  ;  they 
were,  undoubtedly,  both  keen  business  men,  though 
they  may  not  have  been  deeply  versed  in  mathema- 
tics. It  is  said  that  when  that  particular  clause  of 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  35 

the  bill  came  up  the  worthy  member  spoke  out  and 
explained  that  the  expenses  of  building  and  main- 
taining a  grist  mill  were  very  large,  while  the 
grists  were  few  and  small  and  the  profits  light.  He 
went  on  to  say  :  "One-tenth  is  not  enough  ;  it 
ought  to  be  one-twelfth  at  least."  The  other  mem- 
bers saw  the  joke  and  an  amendment  was  unani- 
mously adopted  to  that  effect.  That  has  been  the 
legal  toll  rate  in  this  province  ever  since,  much  to 
the  advantage  and  profit  of  the  farmers.  In  most 
of  the  States,  we  are  informed,  a  tenth  has  always 
been  the  standard  rate  of  toll. 

To  which  of  these  early  legislators  the  farmers 
are  indebted  for  that  important  amendment,  or 
whether  they  are  really  indebted  to  either  one  of 
them,  we  shall  not  attempt  to  decide. 

HOW   THEY   WERE   PAID. 

The  first  M.P.s  were  not  given  to  extravagance 
in  regard  to  their  own  sessional  indemnity.  In- 
stead of  the  present  thousand  dollars  a  session  and 
round  travelling  fees,  which  a  good  many  of  them 
have  never  to  pay,  their  law  was  to  receive  from 
the  Speaker  each  session  a  certificate  of  the  number 
of  days  they  were  in  actual  attendance  ;  that,  was 
deposited  with  the  Chairman  of  the  Quarter 
Sessions  of  the  District  and  a  direct  tax  was  levied 
on  the  ratepayers  to  cover  the  amount  at  the  rate 
of  $2.00  per  day.  No  allowance  appears  to  have 
been  made  for  travelling,  though  it  was  much  more 
expensive  then  than  now.  At  the  sessions  held  in 
Kingston  on  the  I3th  of  October,  1795,  Richard 
Cartwright,  Alexander  Fisher,  Peter  Vanalstine, 
William1  Atkinson  and  Thomas  Markland  presiding, 
orders  were  passed  levying  the  sum  of  twenty-eight 
pounds  ($112)  each  to  Joshua  Booth,  Hazelton 
Spencer  and  Peter  Vanalstine,  Esquires,  for  each  of 
the  years  of  1793  and  1794  "for  Member's  Wages, 
agreeably  to  an  Act  of  the  Province." 

ALL  OUR  EARLY  COUNTY  M.P.P.'S. 

The  Beaver  has,  from  time  to  time,  given  some 
lists  of  our  early  representatives  in  our  Provincial 
Legislatures  and  some  rough  sketches  of  their 
lives  and  careers,  but  no  attempt  has  been  made  to 
give  anything  like  a  continuous  and  connected  list 
of  these  representative  men.  Indeed,  none  of  our 
Canadian  histories  have  furnished  any  such  lists. 
The  early  records  of  our  legislatures,  while  giving 


36  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

the  names  of  the  members  from  time  to  time,  do 
not  appear  to  have  given  a  record  of  the  districts 
or  counties  each  may  have  represented. 

Our  worthy  and  painstaking  friend,  Mr.  C.  C. 
James,  now  Deputy  Minister  of  Agriculture  for 
Ontario,  and  Vice  President  of  the  Ontario  Histori- 
cal Society,  has  been  to  a  great  deal  of  trouble  in 
obtaining  a  complete  list  of  all  the  representatives 
of  Lennox  and  Addington,  from  the  First  Legisla- 
ture, held  at  Newark  in  1792,  down  to  the  union  of 
the  two  Provinces  of  Upper  and  Lower  Canada  io 
1841.  He  has  very  kindly  placed  that  list  at  our 
disposal,  and  it  is  now  published  for  the  first  time. 
It  is  an  important  contribution  to  the  history  of 
this  county  and  to  Canadian  history.  It  is  well 
worth  a  careful  perusal  and  preservation, — the  most 
important  that  has  yet  been  supplied  through  the 
columns  of  The  Beaver. 

MR.    JAMES*    RECORDS. 

We  give  the  following  in  Mr.  James'  own  lan- 
guage, with  a  few  local  notes  of  our  own  : 

Colonel  John  Graves  Simcoe,  the  first  appoint- 
ed Lieutenant-Governor  of  Upper  Canada,  arrived 
at  Quebec,  from  England,  in  the  latter  part  of  1791. 
He  was  detained  there  for  some  time,  awaiting  the 
arrival  of  a  quorum  of  his  Council,  that  he  might 
be  sworn  in.  He  finally  reached  Kingston  early  in 
1792,  and,  with  some  members  of  his  Council,  made 
a  division  of  the  province  into  counties,  nineteen  in 
all.  From  the  militia  lists  they  made  provision  for 
the  election  of  sixteen  members  to  compose  the  first 
Legislative  Assembly. 

Addington  and  Ontario  (consisting  of  the 
islands  between  Gananoque  river  and  Prince  Ed- 
ward County),  were  to  elect  one  representative  ; 
Prince  Edward  County  and  Adolphustown  were  to 
elect  one  ;  and  Lennox  (except  Adolphustown), 
Hastings  and  Northumberland  were  to  elect  one. 
The  Governor's  proclamation  was  issued  July  i6th, 
1792. 

FIRST    LEGISLATURE.    1792    TO    1796. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  elected  for  the 
three  constituencies  named.  They  were  all  U.  E. 
Loyalist  pioneers  :  Joshua  Booth,  Front  of  Ernest- 
town,  for  Addington  and  Ontario  ;  Philip  Borland, 
of  Adolphustown,  for  Prince  Edward  and  Adolphus- 
town ;  and  Hazelton  Spencer,  of  Front  of  Freder- 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  37 

icksburgh,  for  Lennox,  Hastings  and  Northumber- 
land. 

There  were  five  sessions  ;  all  were  held  at  New- 
ark, now  Niagara.  The  first  session  began  Sept. 
i yth.  After  electing  a  speaker  (John  Macdonell,  of 
Glengary)  and  completing  the  preliminaries  of  open- 
ing, the  business  of  the  session  began,  on  the  I9th 
the  records  are  as  follows  : 

"Wednesday,  igth  September,  1792.  Prayers 
by  Rev.  Mr.  Addison. 

Motion  made  and  seconded  :  Ordered  that  a 
certain  written  Instrument  signed  Philip  Borland 
laid  before  the  House  for  their  consideration  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Province,  be  read  : 

Which  Instrument  was  read  accordingly,  and  is 
as  follows,  to  wit  :" 

Then  came  a  long  address,  or  petition,  from 
Philip  Borland,  stating  that  he  was  a  Quaker  and 
could  not  conscientiously  take  an  oath  such  as  the 
law  then  required  of  the  members,  but  was  willing 
to  affirm.  He  therefore  requested  that  a  new  writ 
should  be  issued  for  the  election  of  another  member. 
It  was  countersigned  by  John  Peters,  Returning 
Officer. 

The  decision  of  the  House  was  that  a  new  elec- 
tion was  ordered.  It  was  held  at  the  close  of  the 
session.  Major  Peter  Vanalstine  was  then  elected 
and  served  for  the  balance  of  that  Parliament. 

SECOND  PARLIAMENT,   1797  TO  1800. 

The  same  electoral  districts  remained  asi  before, 
and  the  following  were  elected  : 

Christopher  Robinson,  for  Addington  and  On- 
tario. 

Bavid  McGregor  Rogers,  for  Prince  Edward  and 
Adolphustown. 

Timothy  Thompson,  Front  of  Fredericksburgh, 
for  Lennox,  Hastings  and  Northumberland. 

Mr.  Robinson  died  November  2d,  1798,  and  Wm. 
Fairfield,  of  Ernesttown,  was  elected  in  his  place, 
and  sat  in  the  last  session.  The  sessions  of  the 
Second  Parliament  were  held  at  York,  now 
Toronto. 

THIRD   PARLIAMENT,   1801    TO  18O4. 

By  a  redistribution  act,  Adolphustown  was  cut 
off  from  Prince  Edward,  and  Lennox  and  Addington 
together  became  entitled  to  one  member. 

Timothy  Thompson  was  elected  for  Lennox  and 


38      LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

Addington  ;  Ebenezer  Washburn,  of  Hallo  well,  for 
Prince  Edward  ;  and  David  McGregor  Rogers  for 
Hastings  and  Northumberland.  Rogers,  we  believe, 
resided  in  Haldimand  township,  near  where  the  vil- 
lage of  Graf  ton  now  is. 

FOURTH  AND   FIFTH  PARLIAMENTS. 

The  Fourth  Parliament  was  from  1805  to  1808. 
Thomas  Borland,  of  Adolphustown,  was  elected  for 
Lennox  and  Addington.  He  was  a  brother  of 
Philip  Borland,  already  mentioned,  and  was  of 
Quaker  stock,  but  had  not  the  same  scruples  about 
taking  the  required  oath.  He  was  also  an  officer 
in  the  militia  and  was  in  active  service  during  the 
war  of  1812-14.  Many  of  his  descendants  yet  reside 
in  this  county. 

Kbenezer  Washburn  was  again  elected  for  Prince 
Edward.  He  was  a  wealthy  resident  of  Hallo  well, 
where  the  town  of  Picton  now  stands.  B.  M. 
Rogers  again  represented  Hastings  and  Northum- 
berland. 

The  Fifth  Parliament  was  from  1809  to  1812. 
By  a  new  act  Lennox  and  Addington  became 
entitled  to  two  members.  Thomas  Borland  and 
John  Roblin,  of  Hay  Bay,  and  Adolphustown,  were 
elected.  Buring  the  second  session  John  Roblin 's 
seat  was  attacked  by  petition  because  he  was*  a 
teacher,  or  preacher  of  the  Methodist  body.  It  has 
been  explained  in  these  columns  before  that  he  was 
a  Methodist  local  preacher. 

James  Wilson,  of  Hallo  well,  was  elected  for 
Prince  Edward.  A  petition  was  also  presented 
against  him,  for  similiar  reasons.  Both  were 
protested  against  in  the  same  petition.  It  was 
read  during  the  second  session,  on  February  6th, 
1810,  and  was  signed  by  John  Fergusson,  Reuben 
Bedell,  Ebenezer  Washburn,  Simeon  WTashburn  and 
thirteen  others.  We  will  republish  these  petitions 
later  on.  Both  seats  were  declared  vacant  and  new 
writs  were  issued.  Tradition  says  these  men  were 
both  Reformers,  and  the  members  of  the  Tory 
party  took  this  step  to  get  rid  of  them. 

Willet  Casey,  of  Adolphustown,  was  returned 
for  Lennox  and  Addington,  and  John  Stinson,  of 
Hallowell,  for  Prince  Edward.  They  sat  during 
the  remaining  two  sessions.  Thomas  Borland  does 
not  appear  to  have  been  introduced  to  the  House 
till  February  ist,  1811.  He  was  not  present,  there- 
fore, when  the  trial  of  Roblin  and  Wilson  took 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  8'J 

place.  There  is  still  in  existence  a  copy  that 
belonged  to  Thomas  Borland,  of  the  first  printed 
statutes  of  Upper  Canada,  printed  in  1811.  We 
understand  that  but  one  other  copy  is  now  known 
to  be  in  existence.  It  is  in  the  Provincial  library. 

OTHER  PARLIAMENTS. 

The  Sixth  Parliament  was  from  1812  to  1816. 
Timothy  Thompson  and  Benjamin  Fairfield  were 
elected  for  Ivennox  and  Addington.  Benjamin  Fair- 
field  lived  and  died  at  Bath. 

The  Seventh  Parliament  was  from  1817  to  1820. 
The  two  members  elected  for  the  county  were 
Willet  Casey  and  Isaac  Fraser,  of  Ernesttown.  Mr. 
Fraser  was  afterwards  appointed  County  Registrar 
and  located  at  Mill  Haven.  He  held  that  office 
until  the  time  of  his  death.  Willet  Casey  was  a 
Reformer,  and  Isaac  Fraser  a  Tory.  The  terms 
Liberals  and  Conservatives  were  not  yet  used. 

The  Eighth  Parliament  was  from  1821  to  1824. 
The  members  elected  were  Samuel  Casey,  of  Adol- 
phustown,  a  son  of  Willet  Casey,  and  Daniel 
Hagerman,  a  lawyer  of  Bath,  a  son  of  Nicholas 
Hagerman,  of  Adolphustown,  and  a  brother  of 
Christopher  Hagerman,  who  afterwards  represented 
Kingston,  became  Solicitor-General  and  then  Chief 
Justice,  which  position  he  held  till  his  death. 
Daniel  Hagerman  died  without  taking  his  seat. 

Barnabas  Bidwell,  then  a  resident  of  Bath,  was 
elected  in  his  stead.  He  attended  the  session  in  the 
fall  of  1821.  A  petition  against  his  return  was 
presented  on  24th  November  of  that  year,  on  the 
ground  that  he  had  taken  an  oath  in  Massachusetts 
abjuring  his  allegiance  to  Great  Britain  ;  he  was 
therefore  an  alien,  and  was  not  a  fit  and  proper 
person  to  be  a  member.  The  election  was  declared 
void,  and  a  new  writ  was  ordered  5th  January, 
1822.  Matthew  Clark,  of  Ernesttown,  was  seated 
2ist  January,  1823,  but  his  election  was  also 
declared  void. 

Marshall  Spring  Bidwell,  son  of  Barnabas  Bid- 
well,  was  then  returned,  and  sat  during  the  fourth 
session,  in  1824.  He  became  one  of  the  most  prom- 
inent and  influential  members  for  years,  and  was 
later  on  Speaker  of  the  House. 

In  this  Parliament  Samuel  Casey  sat  through 
all  the  sessions.  In  the  second  session  Barnabas 
Bidwell  sat  ;  in  the  third  session,  Mathew  Clark, 
and  in  the  fourth  M.  S.  Bidwell. 


40  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

OTHER  ELECTIONS. 

By  this  time  parties  in  this  province  became 
very  hostile  to  each  other  and  the  elections  were 
hotly  contested.  In  the  Ninth  Parliament  from 
1825  to  1828,  Marshall  Spring  Bidwell  was  again 
elected  and  Peter  Perry,  of  Fredericksburgh,  was 
his  colleague.  They  became  two  of  the  prominent 
leaders  of  the  then  Reform  party. 

The  Tenth  Parliament,  from  1829  to  1830,  Bid- 
well  and  Perry  were  again  elected. 

The  election  for  that  Parliament  was  held  near 
John  Fralick's  tavern,  Fredericksburgh,  about 
where  the  Morven  brick  church  now  stands.  Samuel 
Casey  and  Isaac  Fraser  were  the  opposing  candi- 
dates, in  the  Tory  interests,  and  the  election  lasted 
four  days-  There  was  yet,  and  for  years  after,  but 
one  polling  place  for  the  whole  county. 

OTHERS   IN   QUICK    SUCCESSION. 

The  Tenth,  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Parliaments 
were  all  between  1829  and  1836.  The  tenth  was  dis- 
solved because  of  the  death  of  King  George  IV.  It 
was  then  the  law  to  dissolve  a  Parliament,  in  Eng- 
land or  Canada,  on  the  death  of  a  monarch. 

The  Thirteenth  Parliament  was  elected  during 
the  exciting  times  just  previous  to  the  Mackenzie 
rebellion,  and  under  the  jurisdiction  of  Lieutenant- 
Governor  Bond  Head.  It  lasted  from  1836  to  the 
Union  of  the  Provinces,  in  1841.  At  the  election 
for  that  Parliament,  Bidwell  and  Perry  were  de- 
feated, and  the  members  elected  were  John  Solomon 
Cartwright,  of  Kingston,  and  George  Hill  Detlor, 
of  Napanee.  They  were  the  Tory  candidates. 

This  list  does  not  now  extend  beyond  the 
Union.  After  it  the  county  was  entitled  to  but  one 
member,  and  J.  S.  Cartwright  was  again  elected. 

THEIR    LENGTH    OF    SERVICE. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  that  Marshall 
Spring  Bidwell  sat  in  the  Upper  Canada  legislature 
from  1824  to  the  first  session  of  1836, — thirteen  ses- 
sions in  all.  He  thus  had  the  distinction  of  the 
longest  service  rendered  by  any  member  for  the 
county.  He  was  Speaker  of  the  House  during  two 
sessions  of  the  Tenth,  and  two  sessions  of  the 
Twelfth  Parliaments. 

Peter  Perry  served  during  twelve  sessions.  Tim- 
othy Thompson  also  was  a  member  twelve  years, 
though  he  did  not  appear  in  his  place  during  one 


THE    CASEY    SCRAP    BQOtfS.  41 

session.  David  McGregor  Rogers  sat,  in  all,  for  the 
long  period  of  twenty-four  years, — the  longest  of 
any  member  of  the  Upper  Canada  Legislature.  He 
represented  Prince  Edward  and  Adolphustown  in 
the  Second  Parliament,  and  after  that  time  the 
County  of  Northumberland. 

In  all,  there  were  thirteen  Parliaments  in  the 
fifty  years  of  the  "existence  of  Upper  Canada  as  a 
separate  province. 

SERGT.    TIMOTHY   THOMPSON,   M.P.P. 

Not  much  is  now  heard  or  known  of  Timothy 
Thompson,  although  he  was  a  man  of  no  mean  im- 
portance in  this  county  at  the  commencement  of 
the  last  century.  That  may  be  largely  owing  to  the 
fact  that  he  left  no  children,  and  his  name  was, 
therefore,  not  perpetuated  in  that  way.  He  was 
among  the  U.  E.  L.  pioneers  of  "Third  Town,"  or 
Fredericksburgh  Township,  and  settled  on  the  Bay 
shore  front,  about  Sandhurst,  on  the  excellent  farm 
later  owned  by  the  late  Solomon  Wright,  and  now 
by  his  son,  Kdward  Wright.  He  was  a  man  of  con- 
siderable .military  importance  in  the  British  ranks 
during  the  war  of  the  American  Revolution,  and 
was  an  Ensign  in  the  King's  Royal  Regiment  of 
New  York.  Mr.  David  Clute,  near  Sillsville,  South 
Fredericksburgh,  has  now  in  his  possession  an  old 
box  of  drawers  of  his,  on  which  is  painted  the  name 
of  "Ensign  Thompson." 

It  is  probable  he  came  in  with  the  other  officers 
and  members  of  that  celebrated  regiment,  who  so 
largely  made  up  the  early  settlers  of  Fredericks- 
burgh. His  name  appears  on  the  "old  U.  E.  List" 
of  that  day,  now  preserved  in  the  Government 
Crown  Lands  Department  at  Toronto.  He  was  on 
the  regular  British  Government  Provision  List  in 
1786,  though  he  had  no  family  at  that  time.  In 
the  Rev.  John  Lano-horn's  early  record  of  St. 
John's  Church,  Bath,  occurs  the  record  of  his 
marriage  in  that  church  to. Elizabeth  Fraser,  also 
of  Third  Town,  on  the  6th  of  February,  1791.  She 
was  the  widow  of  James  Fraser,  a  Scotch  officer, 
who  also  served  in  the  British  ranks  during  the 
American  Revolution.  He  had  a  leg  broken  after 
settling  in  Fredericksburgh,  and  went  to  Montreal 
for  treatment,  and  died  there. 

THE    FRASER    FAMILY. 

Mrs.  Fraser  had  several  children  at  the  time  of 
her  marriage  to  Ensign  Thompson,  but  none  after- 


42  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

One  of  the  daughters  married  John  G.  Clute,  who 
was  also  for  years  a  leading  and  well  known  citizen 
of  front  of  Fredericksburgh,  where  he  lived  and 
died.  He  had,  at  one  time,  a  large  farm,  a  distil- 
lery and  a  store.  He  was  a  successor  in  business  in 
the  store  to  Benjamin  Seymour,  one  of  the  first 
storekeepers  west  of  Kingston.  That  store  was 
located  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  our  townsman , 
Allan  Neilson.  Several  of  Mr.  Clute 's  descendants 
are  yet  living,  among  whom  are  Mr.  David  Clute, 
near  Sillsville.  Mrs.  N.  Murdoch,  of  Kingston, 
who  died  this  week  in  her  ninety-second  year,  was  a 
daughter,  and  so  was  Miss  Margaret  Clute,  of 
South  Fredericksburgh,  who  died  last  week  in  her 
eighty-second  year. 

Another  of  Mrs.  Fraser's  daughters  married 
James  McNabb,  of  "Meyer's  Creek,"  later  on  the 
City  of  Belleville.  He  was  an  important  man  there 
and  represented  Hastings  County  at  one  time  in  the 
Upper  Canada  Legislature.  Another,  Eliza  Ellen, 
married  Dr.  J.  B.  Ham,  a  man  at  one  time  well 
known  in  this  county.  He  lived  at  one  time  in 
Kingston,  and  was  in  the  law  office  with  John  A. 
Macdonald.  He  afterward  studied  medicine,  and 
they  moved  to  Whitby,  where  both  lived  and  died. 
Mr.  Thompson  made  her  his  heir  to  the  farm  and 
other  lands  he  had.  In  after  years  a  number  of  the 
farmers  resident  along  the  second  concession, — the 
Vandewaters,  Houghs,  Sills'  and  others, — had  a 
long  and  expensive  lawsuit  with  the  Hams  about 
the  possession  of  gores  yet  connected  with  their 
farms,  which,  it  was  claimed,  Thompson  had  ob- 
tained a  title  for  from  the  Government.  The  farm- 
ers held  the  land  in  the  end,  however,  though  the 
law  costs  cost  them  dear. 

THOMPSON  IN  PARLIAMENT. 

Timothy  Thompson  was  Hazelton  Spencer's 
successor  to  the  representation  of  Lennox,  Hastings 
and  Northumberland,  in  the  Upper  Canada  Legisla- 
ture. Spencer  appears  to  have  served  during  one 
legislature  only, — the  first,  from  1792  to  1796.  We 
have  no  record  now  of  those  early  elections.  Mr. 
Thompson  was  three  times  elected, — to  the  Second, 
Third  and  Sixth  Legislatures,  serving,  in  all,  about 
twelve  years.  Who  were  his  opponents,  or  where 
the  elections  may  have  been  held,  we  know  not. 
At  that  time  there  was  but  one  polling  place  in  all 
the  electoral  district,  and  the  elections  generally 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  43 

lasted  an  entire  week,  so  as  to  give  all  a  chance  to 
vote.  It  was  the  custom,  too,  for  the  candidates 
on  both  sides  to  keep  "open  house"  during  all  elec- 
tions,— allowing  every  elector  to  have  as  much  as 
he  desired  to  eat  and  drink  at  the  candidate's  ex- 
pense. There  is  a  tradition  that  one  or  more  of 
these  elections  were  held  at,  or  about,  Mr.  Thomp- 
son's own  home,  and  that  James  Mordoff  was  once 
an  opposing  candidate.  He  also  resided  in  Third 
Town.  He  was  married  to  L,ois  Charters,  of  the 
same  township,  by  Rev.  John  I/anghorn,  at  the 
Bath  church,  on  i8th  of  June,  1798.  Langhorn's 
register  also  records  the  baptism  of  several  of  their 
children. 

THOMPSON'S  HOME. 

Thompson,  it  is  said,  lived  in  a  large  frame 
house  near  the  Bay  shore,  not  one  vestige  of  which 
now  remains.  Like  numbers  of  the  other  early 
families,  they  appear  to  have  had  a  number  of 
negro  slaves,  who  did  all  the  work  and  managed 
pretty  generally  the  affairs.  He  was  reported 
wealthy,  enjoying  a  pension  from  the  Government, 
and  is  reported  to  have  received  some  large  land 
grants  from  the  Government,  amounting  to  some 
thousands  of  acres  in  all.  He  and  his  family  were 
said  to  have  had  "very  easy  times"  of  it,  in  the 
eyes  of  their  neighbors.  But  the  hardships  and 
privations  the  easiest  and  wealthiest  families  must 
have  had  then  were  by  no  means  few  or  small. 

Mr.  Thompson's  name  often  occurs  on  the  old 
store  daybook  of  Benjamin  Seymour  of  one  hundred 
and  ten  years  ago,  and  though  they  appear  for 
larger  quantities  of  sugar,  tea,  groceries  and  dry 
goods  than  most  others  of  the  neighbors,  they 
would  appear  a  scant  allowance  for  most  fairly 
comfortable  families  of  to-day.  But,  when  common 
brown  sugar, — and  very  common  at  that,  compared 
with  what  we  now  have, — was  40  cents  a  pound, 
and  refined  loaf  at  50  cents,  with  common  cotton  at 
80  cents  and  cotton  prints  at  90  cents  to  $1.00,  and 
almost  everything  else  at  the  same  high  rate,  even 
well-to-do  people  were  by  no  means  lavish  in  the 
quantities  they  consumed. 

Another  of  Mrs.  Thompson's  daughters  married 
James  Carpenter,  who,  many  years  ago,  was  quite 
a  prominent  citizen  of  Toronto,  where  some  of  the 
descendants  still  are  living.  A  couple  of  the  grand- 
children of  Mrs.  McNabb  were  Mrs.  Willard,  whose 


44  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

husband  was  one  of  the  first  hardware  merchants  of 
Kingston,  and  another,  Mrs.  James  Glass,  of  Belle- 
ville, whose  son  was  largely  interested  in  the  gold 
mining  interests  of  North  Hastings  years  ago.  The 
Glass  family  were  prominent  and  well  known  in 
Hastings  County. 

Ensign  Thompson  was  a  member  of  the  Church 
of  England,  and  was  connected  with  the  first  St. 
Paul's  church  in  Fredericksburgh,  as  was  also  his 
neighbor,  Hazelton  Spencer,  the  first  M.P.P.  He 
was  buried,  however,  in  the  old  Presbyterian  bury- 
ing ground  at  the  McDowall  Memorial  Church, 
Sandhurst,  beside  his  wife  and  her  relatives.  It 
wrould  now  be  a  matter  of  a  good  deal  of  interest  to 
be  able  to  lay  hand  on  more  of  the  papers,  or  even 
traditions,  of  the  business  and  domestic  affairs  of 
the  days  of  these  early  pioneers. 

We  believe  that  Mr.  Thompson  became  a  lead- 
ing officer  of  the  militia  in  this  county  in  his  day, 
and  probably  he  was  in  the  active  service  during 
the  American  war  of  1812- '14,  when  the  residents  of 
this  county  responded  so  promptly  and  patrioti- 
cally to  the  call  to  defend  it  from  threatened  inva- 
sion. We  have  no  particulars  in  regard  to  that 
matter,  however. 

THE   OTHER   ELECTIONS. 

We  have  stated  that  Mr.  Thompson's  name 
appears  as  a  member  of  the  Sixth  Legislature,  as 
well  as  of  the  Second  and  Third.  Whether  he  was 
a  defeated  candidate  for  the  Fourth  and  Fifth,  or 
whether  he  was  a  candidate  at  all  during  that  time, 
we  have  no  means  of  knowing.  During  the  time  of 
the  Third  Legislature  Lennox  and  Addington  were 
united  into  one  electoral  district  and  disconnected 
from  both  Prince  Edward  and  Hastings.  William 
Fairfield,  who  had  previously  represented  Adding- 
ton, then  dropped  out. 

PETER    PERRY,    M.P.P. .    AN    OLD    TIME    REFORMER. 

The  late  Peter  Perry,  a  member  of  the  old 
Upper  Canada  Legislature  from  1825  to  1836,  was 
one  of  the  most  noted  of  the  native  sons  of  this 
county.  With  the  single  exception  of  Christopher 
Hagerman,  he  occupied  a  more  prominent  position 
in  the  legislature  and  exerted  a  greater  influence  on 
the  politics  and  the  legislation  of  the  province  than 
any  other  man  we  know  of  born  in  Lennox  and  Ad- 
dington. Mr.  Hagerman  was  born  in  Adolphus- 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  45 

town  and  was  the  son  of  Nicholas  Hagerman,  one 
of  the  U.  E.  I/,  pioneers  of  that  township.  The 
elder  Hagerman,  who  lived  and  died  on  the  farm 
now  owned  by  D.  W.  Allison,  ex-M.P.,  and  lies 
buried  in  the  old  U.  E.  L-  burying  ground  there, 
was  the  first  practicing  lawyer  in  Upper  Canada. 
He  had  three  sons  who  became  lawyers,  and  two  of 
them  were  elected  members  of  the  Upper  Canada 
Legislature.  Christopher  was  the  most  prominent 
of  these  sons,  however.  He  first  lived  in  Kingston 
and  practiced  law  there,  and  was  said  to  have  been 
a  man  of  rare  eloquence  and  skill  at  the  bar.  He 
became  Collector  of  Customs  at  Kingston  and  was 
then  elected  to  represent  that  city  in  the  legisla- 
ture. He  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  old 
"Family  Compact,"  and  became  Solicitor-General 
of  the  Province.  Later  on  he  was  appointed  a  Chief 
Justice,  and  occupied  that  important  position  until 
his  death. 

PETER    PERRY'S    CAREER. 

Peter  Perry,  on  the  other  hand,  was  the  son  of 
one  of  the  well-to-do  farmer  pioneers  of  this 
county.  His  father,  Daniel  Perry,  was  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  in  the  Township  of  Ernesttown.  He 
settled  on  lot  number  3,  in  the  second  concession  of 
Ernesttown,  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Mr.  Wm. 
Detlor,  just  east  of  the  farm  now  owned  by  Alex. 
Ross,  and  west  of  the  farm  now  occupied  by  the 
sons  of  the  late  Peter  McPherson.  On  that  farm 
Peter  Perry  was  born  and  reared,  receiving  such  an 
education  as  the  primitive  schools  of  that  time 
could  afford.  His  education  was  not  much,  but  he 
was  a  man  of  great  natural  force  and  eloquence, 
and  he  made  his  influence  greatly  felt. 

Robert  .Perry,  the  father,  was  a  soldier  and  a 
sergeant  in  the  King's  Royal  Rangers  during,  the 
war  of  the  American  Revolution,  and  was,  among 
his  comrades,  a  refugee  to  this  province  when  the 
war  was  over.  He  and  his  sons,  Daniel  and  Robert, 
were  entered  on  the  Government  lists  of  those  to 
whom  land  was  granted  in  recognization  of  their 
loyal  services.  It  was  at  Robert  Perry's  first  log 
house  that  the  Methodist  exhorters,  McCarthy  and 
I/yons,  were  arrested  for  their  serious  crime  of 
holding  a  religious  service  and  not  being  "in 
orders"  in  the  Church  of  England.  Robert  Perry, 
in  connection  with  Captain  Parrott,  became  bonds- 
man for  McCarthy,  and  accompanied  him  to  King- 


46  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

ston,  where  he  appeared  before  the  sheriff.  How 
McCarthy  was  cast  into  prison,  was  sentenced  to 
banishment  from  the  country  by  Judge  Cartwright, 
was  taken  away  by  some  hired  boatmen  and  was 
never  heard  of  again  by  his  family  here,  have  been 
already  narrated  in  these  columns. 

No  wonder  that  a  young  man  reared  in  such 
stirring  times  should  become  an  earnest  sympa- 
thizer of  the  then  Reform  party, — a  party  demand- 
ing and  struggling  for  some  of  the  much  needed  re- 
forms and  liberties  that  we  now  enjoy. 

THE    STATE    OF    GOVERNMENT    THEN. 

There  were  stirring  times  in  the  politics  of  this 
province  in  the  twenties  and  for  years  thereafter. 
The  Family  Compact  had  been  formed,  one-seventh 
of  all  the  public  lands  were  set  apart  for  the  main- 
tenance of  a  "Protestant  clergy"  by  the  Act  of 
1791  and  they  had  all  been  claimed  by  the  Church 
of  England,  which  was  to  be  made  the  Established 
Church  of  the  country  ;  the  Governor  and  his 
executive  council  were  totally  independent  of  public 
opinion  and  of  the  Legislative  Assembly, — the  peo- 
ple's representatives.  The  Legislative  Council,  as 
the  Senate  now  is,  was  a  totally  irresponsible  body 
so  far  as  the  wishes  of  the  people  were  concerned, 
the  members  being  appointed  by  the  Government  of 
the  day  from  among  their  own  parties  and  favor- 
ites and  they  were  at  full  liberty,  as  now,  to  veto 
any  of  the  acts  passed  by  the  Assembly,  represent- 
ing the  people.  In  four  years  no  less  than  231  acts 
passed  by  the  Assembly  were  thrown  out  by  the 
Council,  and  among  them  were  some  of  the 
measures  that  the  voice  of  the  country  earnestly 
demanded.  Even  in  the  Legislative  Assembly  there 
was  nothing  to  secure  the  independence  of  parlia- 
ment, fully  one- third  of  the  members  being  office 
holders  of  the  Government  of  the  day,  and  liable  to 
dismissal  from  oTce.  One  historian  states  that 
though  the  Church  of  England  then  did  not  number 
over  one- twentieth  of  the  population,  yet  they 
virtually  controlled  the  whole  government  affairs 
of  the  country  and  were  in  the  enjoyment  of  nearly, 
if  not  quite  all,  the  emoluments.  The  Church  of 
England  Bishop  (Strachan)  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislative  Council,  an  active  politician,  and  a 
largely  paid  office  holder.  The  Methodists,  who 
were  then,  as  now,  the  largest  protest  ant  body  in 
the  province,  with  more  ministers  than  any  of  the 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  47 

others,  did  not  enjoy  the  legal  right  to  solemnize 
the  marriage  of  their  own  members,  nor  to  hold 
property,  as  a  body,  on  which  to  build  their  own 
churches,  nor  even  lands  in  which  to  bury  their 
dead.  A  little  later  even  the  control  of  the  school 
lands  was  claimed  by  the  church  authorities. 

The  majority  of  the  people  in  this  county  were 
strongly  in  sympathy  with  the  Reform  party,  then 
demanding  equal  rights  for  all  creeds  and  classes, 
the  independence  of  parliament,  the  abolition  of  the 
Clergy  reserves,  and  the  concession  of  the  principle 
of  responsible  government.  In  i8$i,  Barnabas 
Bidwell,  then  a  resident  of  Bath,  was  elected  to 
represent  this  county.  He  was  a  man  of  education 
and  ability  and  it  was  expected  that  he  would  be  a 
strong  support  to  the  Reform  party,  which  was 
then  becoming  formidable. 

A  number  of  the  men  who  were  likely  to  give 
the  "Compact"  trouble  were  pretty  summarily  dis- 
posed of.  John  Roblin,  a  Reformer,  as  has  already 
been  told  in  these  columns,  was  refused  his  seat  be- 
cause he  was  a  local  preacher.  Philip  Borland  had 
been  previously  refused  admittance  because  he  was 
a  Quaker.  Barnabas  Bidwell  was  expelled  because 
he  was  not  born  in  Canada  or  in  Kngland,  but  in 
Massachusetts.  When  it  was  a  question  whether 
the  law  would  sanction  such  a  proceeding,  Bishop 
Strachan,  who  was  then  an  active  spirit  in  the 
Compact,  was  represented  to  have  said  in  his  broad 
Scotch  dialect  :  "Tarn  him  oot,  tarn  him  ootu  law 
or  no  law,  tarn  him  oot,"  and  he  went. 

There  was  another  election  and  Marshall  Bid- 
well,  son  of  Barnabas,  was  the  Reform  candidate. 
He  was  defeated  at  the  time  by  George  Ham,  but 
Ham's  election  was  declared  void  because  of 
illegality. 

PERRY   ENTERS   PARLIAMENT. 

In  1825,  at  the  election  then  held,  Peter  Perry 
and  Marshall  Spring  Bidwell  were  elected  for  this 
county.  At  that  time,  and  later,  there  was  but 
one  polling  place  for  the  whole  county,  there  was 
open  voting  and  the  election  generally  lasted  a 
week. 

The  polling  place  for  the  elections  of  1825  and 
1828  was  near  John  Fralick's  tavern,  at  the  cor- 
ner on  the  Kingston  road,  where  the  Morven  brick 
church  now  stands.  Perry  and  Bidwell  were  three 
times  elected,  holding  their  seats  from  1825  to 


48      LENNOX  AND  ADDINGTON  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY. 

1837,  when,  through  the  active  influence  of  the  then 
Governor,  Sir  Francis  Bond  Head,  and  the  whole 
Government  party,  these  men  and  the  leading  Re- 
formers of  the  province,  were  all  defeated.  Among 
those  defeated  at  that  time  were  Perry,  Bidwell, 
Dr.  John  Rolph,  Robert  Baldwin  and  a  number  of 
others  of  less  note  in  the  history  of  the  country. 
No  doubt  that  defeat  and  the  means  taken  to  ac- 
complish it,  brought  about  the  Mackenzie  Canadian 
rebellion,  which  occurred  some  months  later. 

There  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  Perry,  or 
Bidwell,  or  Robert  Baldwin  were  parties  to  that 
untimely  and  ill-conducted  rebellion,  which  would 
have  proved  a  very  serious  affair  indeed  had  its 
management  been  in  abler  and  more  judicious 
hands.  Looking  at  it  at  this  distance  it  appears 
quite  evident  that  the  two  men  most  responsible  for 
that  rebellion  were  Sir  Francis  Bond  Head  on  the 
one  hand,  who  was  arbitrary  and  incapable,  and 
William  I/yon  Mackenzie,  who  was  impetuous  and 
very  indiscreet,  on  the  other  hand. 

It  is  now  evident,  however,  that  the  rebellion 
resulted  in  great  good  to  the  people  of  Canada. 
Many  of  the  blessings  of  responsible  government 
and  of  liberty  from  Home  Government  control  we 
now  enjoy  are,  apparently,  the  outcome  of  that 
bloody  affair.  The  British  Government  recalled  Sir 
Francis  and  did  not  send  out  any  more  old  Army 
officers  with  their  arbitrary  ideas  about  civil  gov- 
ernment. Lord  Durham  was  sent  to  enquire  into 
the  state  of  the  country  and  the  causes  that  led  up 
to  the  rebellion,  both  in  Upper  and  Lower  Canada. 
His  report  was  a  revelation  to  the  Home  Govern- 
ment, and  resulted  in  great  blessings  to  Canada. 
The  country  now  owes  a  debt  of  gratitude  to  the 
staunch  and  sterling  Reformers  of  that  day,  which 
we  do  not  sufficiently  recognize.  But  for  their 
efforts,  struggles  and  sacrifices,  it  is  not  easy  to 
predict  what  would  have  been  the  political  position 
of  Canada  and  of  the  other  British  colonies  to-day. 
Much  as  we  may  now  condemn  the  hot-headed  acts 
of  those  who  rose  in  rebellion  then,  we  verily  be- 
lieve that  if  the  government  of  this  province  was 
administered  for  a  few  months  now  as  it  was  for 
years  then  nearly  the  whole  population  would  rise 
up  in  rebellion. 

PERRY'S  AFTER  CAREER. 

Before  Peter  Perry's  defeat  he  had  left  his  farm 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  49 

and  moved  to  Whitby.  The  fact  of  his  being  an 
absentee  had  to  do  with  his  defeat.  When  a  young 
man  he  married  Miss  Mary  Ham,  daughter  of  John 
Ham,  near  Ernesttown  Station,  and  settled  on  a 
farm  in  South  Fredericksburgh.  His  farm  was  lot 
25,  second  concession  of  Fredericksburgh,  the  farm 
now  owned  and  occupied  by  Charles  Hawley,  Esq. 
He  was  farming  there  during  the  most  of  his  par- 
liamentary days.  It  has  been  told  to  us  that  his 
nephews  and  his  neighbors  used  to  plough  with  his 
oxen  for  him  while  he  was  away  attending  to  his 
political  duties. 

He  became  a  successful  merchant  and  speculator 
at  Whitby,  and  was  reported  to  have  accumulated 
considerable  wealth.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneer 
business  men  in  Ontario  County.  The  thriving 
Town  of  Port  Perry,  on  Scugog  Lake,  north  of 
Whitby,  was  named  in  honor  of  him.  When  the 
"Clear  Grit"  party  sprang  up,  in  protest  to  the 
administration  of  the  Baldwin-I/afontain  govern- 
ment, late  in  the  forties,  he  joined  its  ranks,  but 
did  not  again  enter  Parliament.  He  died  years  ago 
and  lies  buried  at  Whitby. 


THIS  COUNTY  IN  THE  SIXTIES. 

BY  THOS.   W.   CASEY.    MAY  24th.    1901. 

Reference  was  made  in  The  Beaver  last  week  to 
the  directory  of  Mitchell  &  Co.,  of  this  county, 
published  in  1865.  Some  of  the  information  about 
the  early  settlement  of  the  various  localities,  as 
well  as  of  the  men  who  were  most  prominent  nearly 
sixty  years  ago,  we  will  here  give,  as  some  of  the 
facts  may  be  of  considerable  information  to  many. 
They  will  be  given  in  the  rotation  in  which  they 
occur  in  the  book. 

ADOLPHUSTOWN. 

The  following  mention  is  made  of  the  village 
itself  and  its  immediate  locality,  which  was  really 
more  populous  in  the  sixties  of  the  last  century 
than  it  is  to-day.  It  is  said,  "The  locality  was 
first  settled  in  1780  by  Joseph  Allen,  Thomas  Dor- 
land,  and  Capt.  Paul  Trumpour,  U.  E.  Loyalists." 
The  exact  date  of  the  landing  of  these  and  some 
score  or  more  of  other  loyalists,  was,  as  we  have 
before  mentioned,  on  the  i6th  of  June,  1784. 


50  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Joseph  Allen's  farm  was  near  the  village,  now 
owned  by  his  granddaughter,  Mrs.  Minnie  Watson 
Buffett,  and  Parker  Allen,  now  the  oldest  man  in 
the  township,  The  land  has  been  held  by  some 
members  of  the  family  ever  since.  Thomas  Borland 
lived  about  two  miles  west,  where  his  son,  the  late 
Major  Peter  V.  Borland,  afterwards  lived  and  died. 
The  farm  is  now  owned  by  Bavid  W.  Allison,  J.P., 
we  believe.  Capt,  Paul  Trumpour  settled  in  the 
third  concession  of  the  township,  on  the  shore  of 
Hay  Bay,  and  the  farm  has  been  continuously  in 
possession  of  some  descendants  of  his  family  ever 
since.  The  Trumpours  are  now  the  most  numerous 
of  any  of  the  descendants  of  the  original  Loyalists 
left  in  the  township  to-day.  There  seems  to 
be  the  same  mistake  in  regard  to  the  original  sur- 
vey, of  three  or  four  years.  The  report  given  in  the 
directory  states  that,  "the  village  plot  was  first 
surveyed  for  the  government  by  Surveyor-General 
Holland,  in  1800.  Subsequently  a  new  survey  was 
made  by  Publius  V.  Elmore,  about  the  year  1825. 
A  postoffice  was  first  established  in  1816,  the  first 
official  being  Jas.  Watson  ;  the  present  postmaster 
is  J.  J.  Watson."  Mr.  Elmore,  here  referred  to, 
was  for  years  a  well-known  citizen  of  Picton,  and 
a  land  surveyor.  He  published  the  first  map  of  the 
county  we  have  any  knowledge  of,  a  few  copies  of 
which  are  still  in  existence.  He  also  published  a 
map  of  Prince  Edward  County.  James  Watson, 
here  mentioned,  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  but 
came  to  Adolphustown  at  an  early  date  and  mar- 
ried Miss  Allen.  He  was  a  man  of  education,  and 
was  for  years  the  township  clerk.  John  Joseph 
Watson  was  his  son,  and  is  yet  well  remembered  by 
.many.  At  his  death  Mr.  Frank  Chalmers  was 
appointed  postmaster  in  his  stead,  and  he  still 
holds  that  office.  The  Rev.  R.  Harding  was  the 
Church  of  England  rector  in  1865.  He  died  years 
ago,  and  was  buried  in  the  churchyard  there  with 
several  members  of  his  family.  Rev.  John  Wesley 
German  was  then  the  Wesleyan  minister  living  in 
Bath.  He  is  now  a  superannuated  old  minister 
residing  at  Berlin,  Ont.  Only  nine  names  are  given 
in  the  directory,  and  but  one  of  that  number  is 
now  living — Mr.  A.  W.  Pool,  who  though  now  an 
old  man,  is  still  an  excellent  farmer.  The  others 
are  Capt.  James  Chalmers,  then  proprietor  of  the 
schooner  Alma  ;  James  Hart,  wagon-maker  (at  the 
"Elbow")  ;  Samuel  Johnson,  shoemaker  ;  Giles 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  51 

Membery,  farmer  ;  Charles  Permer,  J.P.,  farmer  ; 
N.  Simmons,  blacksmith  ;  J.  J.  Watson,  general 
merchant  and  postmaster. 

BATH. 

Bath  is  referred  to  in  the  directory  as  an 
incorporated  village,  in  the  Township  of  Ernest- 
town.  "It  was  once  a  customs  port  of  entry,  but 
now  an  outport  of  Kingston.  The  village  was  first 
settled  in  1783  (1784),  and  among  the  first  settlers 
were  a  Mr.  Davy,  a  native  of  Holland,  and  progeni- 
tor of  the  family  of  the  same  name,  resident  in 
the  vicinity  of  Bath  and  Napanee  ;  James 
Johnston,  a  native  of  Ireland  ;  Ebenezer  Washburn, 
government  commissariat  at  that  time  ;  Matthias 
Rose,  Henry  Finkle,  Mr.  Fairfield,  John  Shibley, 
Robert  Williams  and  John  George.  John  Johnston 
was  the  first  white  child  born  on  Bay  of  Quinte  ; 
he  was  the  fourth  son  of  James  Johnston.  Henry 
Finkle  built  the  first  brewery  in  Upper  Canada  ; 
he  also  built  the  first  hotel,  in  1786  ;  and  a  school 
house,  with  teacher's  residence  attached,  on  the 
Finkle  farm  (a  mile  or  two  west  of  Bath  village). 
In  1816  the  first  steamboat  that  navigated  the 
waters  of  I/ake  Ontario  was  built  by  Henry  Tebout, 
for  the  merchants  of  Kingston,  Toronto — then  York 
— Niagara  and  Oueenstown,  and  was  called  the 
"Frontenac".  The  boat  was  built  on  what  is  now 
known  as  "Finkle's  Point",  within  the  present 
corporate  limits  of  the  Village  of  Bath. 

"The  Queen  Charlotte,"  another  vessel,  was 
built  here  in  1818,  by  Henry  Gildersleeve,  father  of 
the  late  Mayor  of  Kingston,  and  was  employed  in 
the  St.  Lawrence  and  Bay  of  Quinte  trade,  be- 
tween Carrying  Place  and  Prescott.  The  first 
civil  court  held  in  Upper  Canada  was  held  at  the 
tavern  of  Henry  Finkle,  in  1787 — a  public  house  not 
being  large  enough  in  Kingston, — and  the  first 
criminal  case  was  that  of  a  negro,  convicted  of 
stealing  a  loaf  of  bread,  for  which  he  received 
thirty-nine  lashes.  The  basswood  tree  to  which  he 
was  tied  is  still  standing  (in  1865)  near  the  old 
house." 

Of  the  churches  of  Bath  the  directory  gives  the 
following  information  :— "The  Church  of  England 
was  erected  in  1798,  and  is  the  oldest  church  but 
one  in  Upper  Canada,  Rev.  W.  F.  S.  Harper, 
incumbent.  The  Wesley  an  Methodist  church  was 
erected  in  1850,  Rev.  J.  W.  German,  minister. 


52  LENNOX    AND    ADBINGTON    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

The  Canada  Presbyterians  have  a  frame  edifice, 
erected  in  1859,  Rev.  John  Scott,  minister. 

"There  is  a  well  attended  union  school, 
established  in  1811  as  an  academy  ;  but  now  united 
as  a  grammar  and  common  school  ;  the  building 
cost  about  $3,000,  Mr.  Milligan,  principal  of  the 
grammar  school,  and  Mr.  Stephen  Robinson, 
teacher  of  the  common  school.  The  schools  are 
under  the  superintendence  of  Dr.  Kennedy."  Prin- 
cipal Milligan  here  referred  to  is  now  the  popular 
Rev.  Dr.  Milligan  of  St.  Andrew's  Church,  Toronto, 
we  believe,  who  occasionally  preaches  in  Napanee. 
Dr.  R.  Kennedy  is  now  one  of  the  oldest  physicians 
living  in  the  province. 

Of  the  Bath  officials  in  1865  the  following  list 
is  given  :  Clerk  of  Division  Court,  John  D.  Noble  ; 
Councillors,  Thos.  Armstrong,  Reeve  ;  Win.  F. 
Peterson,  Arnold  G.  Amey,  Gabriel  Belfour,  Peter 
R.  Davy  ;  John  S.  Barker,  Clerk.  Mr.  Peterson  is 
now  a  resident  of  Chicago,  and  Mr.  Barker  of 
Picton.  Among  the  prominent  residents  at  that 
time  whose  names  are  given  are  Dr.  Thomas 
Aishton  ;  Henry  and  Thomas  Armstrong  and  Gab- 
riel Belfour,  carriage  builders  ;  David  J.  Campbell, 
general  merchant  ;  John  S.  Cooper,  dentist  and 
druggist  ;  Wm.  H.  Davy,  merchant  and  mill  owner  ; 
Wm.  J.  Fairfield,  postmaster  ;  Edmund  and  George 
Ferrin,  hotel  keepers  ;  R.  R.  Finkle,  general  mer- 
chant ;  David  T.  Forward,  foundry  ;  James  Foster, 
tanner  ;  Mrs.  Rebecca  Ham,  Mrs.  Orton  Hancock  ; 
T.  S.  Howard,  merchant  ;  John  J.  Johnston,  har- 
ness maker  ;  Robert  Johnston,  potash  maker  ;  John 
Ivasher,  J.P.,  merchant  ;  Daniel  McBride,  grocer 
and  liquors  ;  Edmond  McKenty,  merchant  ;  Robert 
Mott,  harness  maker  ;  Leonard  Pearson,  mason  ; 
Klias  Price,  J.P.,  farmer;  Ezra  D.  Priest,  J.P., 
carriage  maker  ;  Rev.  Mr.  Reeves,  Presbyterian 
minister  ;  Samuel  Rogers,  Charles  Rogers,  Hudson 
Rogers,  merchants  ;  John  G.  McT.  Ross,  druggist  ; 
John  S.  Rowse,  merchant  ;  David  and  Robert 
Sharp,  tailors  ;  William  Sliibley,  harnessmaker  ; 
Dr.  R.  D.  Sutherland  ;  Duncan  \Vemp,  hotel  ; 
Edward  Wright,  merchant  ;  Dr.  Daniel  Young. 
These  names  were  once  very  familiar  to  all  who 
knew  much  of  Bath  years  ago,  but  most  of  these 
men  have  now  passed  over  to  the  great  majority. 

CAMDEN   EAST. 

Then  prettv  well  known  as  "Clark's  Mills."     It 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  53 

is  here  said  of  it  :  "The  place  was  first  settled 
about  18.30  ;  and  the  postoffice  established  in  1836. 
There  are  two  flouring  mills,  viz.,  that  of  Samuel 
Clark,  erected  about  1840,  of  stone  ;  a  woolen  mill 
and  saw  mill  owned  by  the  same  party,  are  near 
by.  About  half  a  mile  east  of  Clark's  Mills  are 
situated  Addington  mills,  down  the  same  river. 
These  mills  were  established  in  1850,  by  George 
Empey,  but  now  owned  and  carried  on  by  Gilbert 
C.  Bogart.  Three  run  of  stones  are  used,  manufac- 
turing about  60  barrels  of  flour  a  day.  Hooper's 
saw  mill  was  established  in  1840,  by  Augustus  F. 
Hooper,  ex-M.P.P.  It  contains  two  gang  of  saws, 
one  upright  and  five  circulars.  Three  million  feet 
of  lumber  are  turned  out  from  this  mill  a  year." 
The  Empey  and  Hooper  mills  have  now  given  place 
to  the  Thomson  paper  mills  and  the  electric  power 
house,  respectively. 

NEWBURGH. 

Newburgh  was  a  larger  village  in  1865  than  it 
is  to-day.  Of  it  the  directory's  statement  is  :  "The 
village  was  first  settled  in  1822  by  Benjamin  Files 
and  Wm.  V.  P.  Detlor.  In  1824  David  Perry  built 
the  first  saw  mill.  John  Madden  settled  here  in 
1825,  and  built  a  saw  mill  the  same  year.  Mr. 
Perry,  in  1826,  erected  a  grist  mill,  which  in  1828 
he  sold  to  Samuel  Shaw,  the  first  merchant  of  the 
village.  John  Black  started  a  tannery  in  1832, 
which  he  still  carries  on,  employing  six  men,  and 
turning  out  2,500  pieces  of  leather  per  year."  That 
tannery  is  now  conducted  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Courtney. 

"The  Union  Flouring  "and  Grist  Mills  were 
established  in  1840  by  Douglass  Hooper,  and 
contain  three  run  of  stones  and  one  barley  stone. 
The  oatmeal  mill,  adjoining,  is  a  similar  stone 
building,  erected  in  1861,  and  contains  two  run  of 
stones.  Both  mills  and  machinery  cost  the  pro- 
prietor about  f 20, ooo.  The  Newburgh  mills  were 
established  in  1831  by  John  Madden.  There  are 
two  carding  mills,  one  saw  mill,  two  axe  factories, 
one  having  been  in  operation  over  twenty  years, 
and  now  conducted  by  S.  M.  Hanes,  who  gives 
employment  to  six  hands  ;  the  other  by  Joseph 
Taylor,  and  was  established  in  1862,  where  four 
men  are  employed.  These  factories  turn  out  all 
kinds  of  edged  tools  as  well  as  axes." 

"Newburgh  Foundry  and  Machine  shop  was 
established  in  1848.  Six  men  are  kept  constantly 
employed  by  D.  B.  Stickney." 


54  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

"Newburgh  possesses  a  large  and  elegant  acad- 
emy, where  the  higher  branches  of  an  English  and 
classical  education  are  taught.  The  common 
school,  in  the  same  building,  is  under  charge 
of  H.  M.  Deroche  ;  the  grammar  school  is 
under  charge  of  John  Campbell,  B.A."  Both  these 
gentlemen  in  turn  became  Principals  of  the  Napanee 
High  School.  Mr.  Campbell  is  now  superannuated 
and  is  located  in  Toronto.  H.  M.  Deroche,  now 
K.C.,  is  our  County  Attorney  and  Clerk  of  the 
Peace. 

The  ministers  in  Newburgh  then  were  Rev.  John 
May,  Church  of  England  ;  Rev.  Mr.  Snider,  E. 
Methodist  ;  Rev.  George  McRitchie  and  Davidson 
McDonald,  Wesleyan.  The  latter  is  now  the  well 
known  Rev.  Dr.  McDonald,  for  years  past  a  promi- 
nent Methodist  missionary  in  Japan. 


AMHERST  ISLAND. 

BY  TIIOS.   W.   CASEY.    DECEMBER  14th,   19GO. 

We  have  been  several  times  asked  to  write 
something  in  regard  to  the  early  history,  of  the 
most  southern  township  in  this  county, — Amherst 
Island, — but  have  found  the  facts  in  regard  to  it 
more  difficult  of  access  than  of  almost  any  other 
section.  Mrs.  Charlotte  E.  Leigh,  of  Toronto, 
prepared  some  time  ago,  an  elaborate  paper  in 
regard  to  it,  which  was  read  before  an  historical 
society  in  that  city.  The  author  has  very  kindly 
given  us  the  reading  of  it.  She  is  a  daughter  of 
the  late  Rev.  Mr.  Roth  well,  at  one  time  the  Church 
of  England  rector  there,  and  several  of  her  early 
years  were  spent  on  the  Island.  From  that  source, 
from  Parkman's  splendid  history,  from  Dr.  Can- 
niff's  history,  and  from  well  prepared  papers  in 
Meacham's  atlas  of  these  counties,  and  also  from  a 
somewhat  similar  paper  in  Tackabury's  Dominion 
atlas,  much  information  is  derivable,  but  not  much 
in  regard  to  the  histories  of  the  early  IT.  E.  Loyal- 
ist families  who  may  have  settled  there. 

The  Island  does  not  appear  to  have  been  open 
for  settlement  by  the  early  Loyalist  families  so 
much  as  the  other  townships  of  the  county  on  their 
arrival  in  Canada  a  hundred  and  sixteen  years  ago. 
Indeed  it  does  not  appear  to  have  been  numbered 
at  all  among  the  townships  that  Surveyor-General 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  55 

Holland  was  instructed  to  survey  for  settlement  by 
the  Refugees  in  1783,  nor  have  we  seen  any  account 
of  its  early  surveys  by  order  of  the  government. 
There  is  evidence,  however,  that  a  number  of  prom- 
inent families  were  residents  there  before  the 
commencement  of  this  century,  some  of  whom,  at 
least,  were  of  the  U.  E.  Loyalists. 

In  the  Rev.  John  I,anghorn's  register  of  mar- 
riages at  St.  John's  Church,  Bath,  there  are  the 
names  of  a  few  marriages  of  parties  from  "Isle  of 
Tanty"  as  he  sometimes  spelled  it.  Here  are  some 
of  them,  the  names  of  whom  indicate  the  families 
living  there  a  hundred  years  or  more  ago  : 

Colin  McKenzie  and  Mary  Howard,  April  I5th, 

1794-  . 

William  Eadus  and  Nancy  McGuines,  May  19th, 

1795- 

Thomas  Howard  and  Charlotte  Richardson, 
February  I4th,  1797. 

John  O 'Bryan  and  Catharine  McDougall,  Octo- 
ber i8th,  1798. 

William  McKenzie  and  Sarah  Howard,  Septem- 
ber i 9th,  1803. 

Wm.  McGuinis  and  Margaret  Howard,  June 
23rd,  1809. 

Duncan  McKenzie  and  Elizabeth  Church,  Febru- 
ary 28th,  1809, 

In  Langhorn's  register  of  marriages  at  St. 
Paul's  Church,  in  Fredericksburgh,  there  occurs  but 
one  entry  of  a  resident  of  the  Island.  That  was  of 
John  Richards,  of  Marysburgh,  to  Jane  Howard, 
of  Amherst  Island,  January  26th,  1795..  It  will  be 
remembered  that  Mr.  I,anghorn  required  all  the 
marriages  to  be  solemnized  in  a  church.  There  is 
no  evidence  we  can  see  that  he  ever  had  service  on 
the  Island  at  all.  It  is  possible  that  some  went  to 
Kingston,  to  the  Rev.  John  Stuart  or  his  successor 
to  be  married. 

There  does  not  appear  to  have  been  any  record 
of  baptisms  from  the  Island — these  were  in  the 
church,  too— before  1808.  Then  came  Hugh,  son  of 
Alexander  and  Jinny  McMullen,  February  7th,  1808. 

William  Church,  son  of  Duncan  and  E.  Mac- 
Kenzie,  July  7th,  1811. 

Jemima  Margaret,  daughter  of  Duncan  and 
Elizabeth  MacKenzie,  April  25th,  1813. 

Rev.  R.  McDowall,  Presbyterian,  did  not  come 
until  1800,  and  he  does  not  appear  to  have  had 
services  on  the  Island  either.  In  his  marriage 


56  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

register  occur  but  a  few  names.  He  spelled  it 
sometimes  "Isle  of  Tante,"  and  sometimes  Amherst 
Island.  His  first  record  is  of  Kdward  Howard  and 
Rosana  McMullen,  December  22nd,  1802. 

Then  follows  :  Oliver  Crowes,  Fredericksburgh, 
and  Mary  Nester,  Isle  of  Tante,  in  March,  1814. 
Anthony  Denee  and  Catharine  Asselstine,  Septem- 
ber 1 6th,  1816.  There  are  no  registers  of  baptisms 
or  burials  of  his  at  the  Island,  though  there  are 
long  lists  of  the  other  townships  of  the  county. 

LA    SALLE,    THE    FIRST    PROPRIETOR. 

La  Salle,  the  great  French  explorer  and  pioneer, 
appears  to  have  been  the  first  white  proprietor  of 
the  Island.  It  may  as  well  be  stated  here  that  he 
was  the  first  white  land  proprietor  in  all  Upper 
Canada.  There  is  not  space  here  to  enter  into  the 
detail  of  any  history  of  that  great  French  adven- 
turer. He  was  a  native  of  Rouen,  France.  The 
family  name  was  Rouen  Robert  Cavelier,  but  he  is 
best  known  in  history  as  La  Salle,  a  name  appar- 
ently derived  from  the  family  estate  in  France. 
He  came  to  Canada,  or  New  France,  as  it  was  then 
called,  when  a  young  man  of  22  years,  and  spent  all 
his  long  and  active  life  in  adventures  and  explora- 
tions in  America,  then  an  all  but  unknown  and 
explored  country.  He  was  the  first  white  man  to 
discover  the  Ohio  and  Illinois  river,  and  to  trace 
the  Mississippi  to  its  mouth,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
He  became  a  fast  friend  and  business  partner  of 
Frontenac,  who  was  at  that  time  Governor  of  New 
France.  Frontenac  had  previously,  in  July,  1763, 
built  a  small  wooden  fort  where  the  City  of  King- 
ston now  stands,  for  the  double  purposes  of 
catching  the  Indian  fur  trade  from  the  west  and  of 
preventing  the  Iroquois  and  other  hostile  Indians 
from  controlling  the  navigation  of  the  St.  Lawrence 
river.  By  mutual  agreement  La  Salle  was  to 
obtain  from  Louis  XIV.,  King  of  France,  a  grant 
of  land  covering  the  site  of  Fort  Frontenac  and  ten 
miles  of  territory  along  the  shore  of  the  main  land 
west,  by  i%  mile  deep,  also  two  Islands  with  un- 
pronouncable  Indian  names,  now  known  as  Amherst 
and  Wolfe  Islands,  together  with  the  small  islets 
among  and  around  them.  This  grant  was  made  by 
the  king  on  May  I3th,  1675.  And  thus  was  created 
the  First  French  Seigniory  in  what  is  now  the 
Province  of  Ontario,  with  La  Salle  the  first 
Seignior. 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS,  57 

La  Salle  was  required,  by  the  king's  grant,  to, 
at  his  own  expense,  erect  and  establish  settlements, 
to  reinburse  Frontenac  10,000  liveries  ($2,000),  the 
amount  expended  on  the  fort,  to  maintain  the  fort 
and  a  number  of  soldiers,  as  many  as  at  Montreal, 
to  maintain  20  men  for  9  years  for  cleaning  and 
improving  land  ;  to  have  a  church  built,  and  keep  a 
priest  or  friar  to  perform  services  and  administer 
the  sacraments,  as  soon  as  there  were  100  settlers, 
and  a  number  of  other  conditions.  According  to 
Parkman  there  were  opportunities  of  making  a 
profit  of  56, 500  a  year  out  of  the  Indian  fur  trade 
there,  and  it  is  intimated  that  Frontenac,  though 
Governor,  was  to  have  a  private  partnership.  La 
Salle  was  full  of  adventure  and  large  schemes,  how- 
ever. When  he  saw  the  great  prairie  countries 
along  the  valleys  of  the  Illinois  and  Mississippi 
rivers  he  was  greatly  impressed  with  their  richness 
and  possibilities,  and  resolved  to  gain  full  advant- 
ages of  them,  and  forestall  the  English,  who  were 
also  pushing  west  from  farther  south.  He  soon 
left  Fort  Frontenac  in  charge  of  others  and  pushed 
on  to  his  western  adventures.  Financially,  these 
never  were  successful  with  him,  but  after  genera- 
tions have  reaped  great  advantages  from  his 
discoveries  and  business  ventures.  On  the  i8th  of 
November,  1678,  La  Salle  launched  the  first  sailing 
vessel  ever  floated  on  the  waters  of  Lake  Ontario. 

HENRI   BE   TONTI, 

After  whom  Amherst  Island  appears  to  have 
received  its  first  French  name,  was  for  many  years, 
the  fast  and  faithful  friend  of  La  Salle.  He  was  an 
Italian  officer,  a  protege  of  the  Prince  de  Conte,  a 
leading  and  wealthy  personage  at  that  time,  who 
sent  him,  strongly  recommended,  to  La  Salle. 
Tonti's  father  had  been  a  governor  in  a  province  of 
Italy,  and  went  to  France  because  of  political 
disturbances  in  his  own  country.  It  is  said  he  was 
a  noted  financier  and  invented  a  form  of  life  insur- 
ance which  we  still  popularly  call  "the  Tontine." 

We  do  not  see  that  Tonti  ever  settled  on  the 
Island  to  which  his  name  was  given,  or  that  he  had 
any  special  interest  there.  The  naming  appears  to 
have  been  an  honorary  matter.  Tonti  himself  was 
generally  in  La  Salle 's  service  along  the  Mississippi 
and  other  points  of  the  great  west.  The  accounts 
of  his  adventures,  viscissitudes  and  thrilling  exper- 
iences with  savages  and  wild  beasts  there  are  one 


58  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

of  the  many  illustrations  of  the  adage  that  "Truth 
is  stranger  than  fiction." 

THE  NAME  CHANGED. 

We  well  remember  when  the  older  inhabitants 
always  called  that  township  "Isle  Tanty,"  though 
its  name  was  changed  at  an  early  time  after  this 
Province  became  a  British  possession,  to  Amherst 
Island,  in  honor  of  one  of  the  British  generals,  who 
earned  for  himself  a  distinguished  place  in  the 
history  of  our  nation.  It  has  been  before  stated  in 
these  columns  that,  when  Upper  Canada  was  first 
constituted  a  separate  province,  in  1791,  the  Island 
was  not  then  a  part  of  this  county  for  parliamen- 
tary representation  purposes,  but  was  associated 
with  Wolfe  and  other  adjacent  islands  and  consti- 
tuted Ontario  County.  In  the  proclamation  of 
Lord  Dorchester,  as  Governor  General  in  1788,  in 
which  the  limits  of  the  four  districts  of  this 
province  were  then  defined,  no  mention  appears  to 
have  been  made  of  the  islands  at  all,  though  all 
the  townships  were  made  special  mention  of.  Nor 
is  the  island  mentioned  in  the  report  of  the  first 
surveys  of  the  numbered  townships  on  the  bay,  in 
1783  and  1784. 

SEVERAL  CHANGES  OF  PROPRIETORS. 

We  have  so  very  little  record  available  in  regard 
to  the  early  settlers  of  the  land  on  the  Island  that 
not  much  can  be  said.  According  to  a  published 
paper  now  before  us  is  the  following  :  "It  is  said 
that  the  Mohawk  Indians,  who  accompanied  Sir 
John  Johnson  to  this  Province,  claimed  this  and 
other  lands,  and  they  leased  their  right,  if  they  had 
any,  to  Col.  Crawford,  who  accompanied  Sir  John 
Johnson,  and  that  Col.  Crawford  transferred  his 
right  to  Sir  John. 

The  land  was  patented  to  Sir  John  Johnson  in 
consideration  of  the  immense  sacrifices  he  had  made 
in  the  loss  of  the  vast  possessions  of  his  father, 
(Sir  William  Johnson,  near  Albany),  in  the 
Mohawk  Valley  and  elsewhere  in  New  York  State, 
during  the  time  of  the  American  Revolution,  and  of 
his  loyalty  and  good  service  to  his  country.  Since 
that  time  the  island  has  passed  from  the  Johnson 
family  to  the  Earl  of  Mount  Cashel  (in  Ireland), 
who  held  it  for  years,  renting  it  to  the  occupants. 
It  is  now  the  property  of  Major  Maxwell,  County 
Down,  Ireland,  and  W.  H.  Moutray,  Ksq.,  is  his 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  59 

representative.  Mr.  Moutray  has  been  for  years  an 
active  and  much  respected  citizen  of  the  Island, 
taking  a  prominent  part  in  nearly  all  its  affairs. 
He  is  the  Town  Clerk  of  the  Municipality,  and 
Secretary  of  the  Agricultural  Society,  besides  hold- 
ing other  important  positions. 

CHANGING  HANDS. 

The  soil  of  the  island  is  excellent  and  very 
productive,  and  its  location,  both  for  marketing 
and  shipping,  is  very  good.  For  many  years  the 
great  drawback  to  its  progress  was  the  fact  that 
the  land  was  nearly  all  held  by  one  large  estate, 
and  the  occupants  were  merely  tenants,  and  had 
not  therefore,  such  inducements  to  build  and 
improve  their  farms  as  they  would  have  as 
proprietors.  Though  the  rents  were  low  and  the 
leases  for  long  terms,  yet  the  most  enterprising  and 
well-to-do  would  keep  moving  elsewhere  so  as  to 
purchase  farms  of  their  own.  Of  recent  years,  how- 
ever, there  have  been  changes  in  this  respect,  and 
now  much  of  the  land  is  owned  by  the  occupants. 
Great  improvements  have  been  made  on  most  of  the 
farms  and  about  most  of  the  homes,  since  the 
writer  first  visited  it. 

Here  are  some  facts  and  figures,  culled  from 
official  sources,  which  will  give  our  general  readers 
some  idea  of  the  extent  of  population,  resources 
and  area  of  the  "Tight  Little  Island"  of  this 
county  : 

According  to  the  last  report  of  the  Ontario 
Bureau  of  Statistics  now  before  us  there  are  14,652 
acres  of  assessed  land  in  the  municipality  ;  the 
total  assessed  value  being  $349,080  ;  the  rate  of 
taxation  for  all  purposes  being  9%  mills  on  the 
dollar,  which  is  among  the  lowest  of  any  in  the 
county,  being  only  at  the  rate  of  13.84  per  head  of 
the  entire  population.  The  population  was  868, 
and  is  not,  we  believe,  increasing,  as  all  the  land 
has  been  occupied  and  under  cultivation  for  years. 
The  quality  and  quantity  of  grain  produced  is  about 
the  average  per  acre  of  the  province.  Vegetables 
and  fruit  are  not  as  largely  cultivated  as  in  many 
places,  as  the  soil  is  of  a  clayey  nature,  and  not  so 
well  adapted  to  these  purposes. 

At  the  late  Dominion  election  192  ballots  were 
cast,  of  which  Mr.  Wilson  received  94,  Dr.  Leonard 
100,  and  2  were  rejected.  At  the  previous  general 
election,  in  1896,  there  were  157  ballots  given  out 


60  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

of  a  total  of  246  on  the  voters'  lists.  Of  these  Mr. 
Wilson  received  69,  Mr.  Switzer  42,  Mr.  Stevens  46. 
These  figures  may  give  some  indication  of  the  effect 
of  a  "three-cornered  fight"  at  that  time,  compared 
with  a  straight  party  issue,  as  in  the  last  contest. 
There  are  five  churches  now  on  the  Island,  and 
three  resident  ministers.  Presbyterians  have  the 
largest  and  most  substantial  church,  with  the 
largest  congregation  ;  the  Church  of  England  has 
two,  and  the  Methodists  and  Roman  Catholics  one 
church  each.  All  the  churches  have  their  resident 
ministers  except  the  Roman  Catholic. 

SOME  OLD  LEGENDS. 

Here  are  a  couple  of  stories  that  have  long  been 
current  in  regard  to  the  transfer  of  the  Island 
property  that  have  been  often  told  and  generally 
credited,  but  their  authenticity  seems  doubtful. 

Away  back  in  the  times  of  Sir  William 
vlohnson,  of  Albanv,  who  was  so  popular  and 
influential  with  the  Indians,  with  whom  he  came  so 
largely  in  contact,  it  is  said  that  one  of  the  leading 
chiefs,  who  had  seen  the  splendid  red  uniform  and 
gold  lace  and  trimmings  of  Sir  William,  came  to 
him  one  morning  looking  very  grave  and  serious, 
and  said  :  "Me  had  great  big  dream  last  night. 
Me  dream  you  gave  me  great  red  coat  like  yours/' 
"Well,"  said  Sir  William,  "if  you  dream  all  that,  I 
suppose  you  must  have  it."  And  so  a  splendid 
uniform  was  procured  and  presented  to  the  chief* 
who  became  the  admired  of  all  his  companions. 

It  was  not  many  weeks  after,  however,  before 
Sir  William  went  to  the  same  chief,  looking  very 
grave  and  solemn.  "I  had  a,  great  big  dream  last 
night.  I  dreamed  you  gave  me  the  island"  (mean- 
ing Amherst  Island).  Now  the  serious  turn  came, 
but  the  chief  rose  to  the  occasion.  He  replied  :  "If 
you  dream  all  that  I  suppose  you  must  have  it. 
But  me  no  dream  you  again."  And  so  the  island 
was  transferred  to  Sir  William. 

The  other  is  that  a  wealthy  lady  in  Ireland  at 
one  time  owned  the  title  to  a  large  portion  of  the 
island.  One  night,  while  gambling  with  cards,  she 
lost  what  else  she  had,  and  finally  staked  the  island 
on  the  game,  and  lost.  But  who  was  the  loser,  or 
who  the  winner,  or  where  and  when  that  great 
game  was  played,  we  never  heard. 


NEWBURGH. 

BY  THOS.   W.    CASEY. 

We  are  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  Charles 
Riley,  Esq.,  of  Camden  East,  County  Commission- 
er, for  some  interesting  numbers  of  the  Newburgh 
"Index"  of  1858, — a  paper  at  one  time  well  known 
and  widely  circulated  in  Addington  County,  but 
which  ceased  publication  years  ago.  The  Index  was 
first  issued  in  1852,  we  believe,  by  Isaac  Brock 
Aylsworth,  then  a  young  printer,  now  the  Rev.  Dr. 
I.  B.  Aylsworth,  ex-President  of  the  Condon  Metho- 
dist Conference.  It  changed  hands  several  times 
during  its  career  and  editors  quite  as  frequently. 
Among  those  who  were  its  contributing  editors  at 
various  times  were  the  late  Dr.  Allan  Ruttan,  then 
a  practicing  physician  in  Newburgh  ;  the  late  David 
Beach,  then  Principal  of  the  Newburgh  Academy, 
and  C.  V.  Price,  then  a  young  man,  a  native  of  that 
locality  and  now  the  somewhat  venerable  Judge 
Price,  of  Kingston,  so  well  known  throughout  these 
counties. 

At  the  time  the  four  copies  now  before  us  were 
issued  Messrs.  Allen  Caton  and  C.  V.  Price  were 
the  publishers.  Mr.  Caton  was  a  native  of  Rich- 
mond, near  Napanee,  a  son  of  the  late  Squire 
Archibald  Caton,  yet  so  well  remembered  by  many 
of  the  old  readers  of  The  Beaver.  Mr.  Price  was  a 
brother-in-law  of  Mr.  A.  Caton  ;  he  had  just  then 
finished  his  schooling  at  the  Newburgh  Academy, 
where  he  was  considered  a  promising  student. 
Later  on  he  retired  from  the  editorial  chair  and 
studied  law  in  Kingston,  where  he  enjoyed  an 
extensive  and  lucrative  practice,  till  he  was 
appointed  County  Judge  by  the  Mackenzie  Govern- 
ment, sometime  in  the  seventies.  Judging  by  the 
vigor  of  his  editorials  in  the  numbers  before  us, 
and  what  we  remember  of  his  force  as  a  political 
platform  speaker  before  he  assumed  the  quiet  posi- 
tion as  a  County  Judge,  we  are  inclined  to  think 
the  country  lost  one  of  its  vigorous  politicians  by 
that  appointment. 

SOME   OF  THE   BUSINESS   ADVERTISEMENTS. 

Newburgh  was  a  small  and  very  thriving  and 
ambitious  village  in  1858,  and  judging  by  the 


62  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

number  of  business  advertisements  in  the  columns 
of  the  Index  at  that  time,  it  must  have  had  within 
its  borders  a  considerable  number  of  very  enter- 
prising business  men,  all  or  nearly  all  of  whom 
have  now  passed  off  the  stage  of  action.  There 
were  first  the  business  cards  of  Allen  Caton,  of  "the 
Old  Stone  Shanty/'  a  very  enterprising  druggist, 
book  seller,  publisher,  insurance  agent,  and  Secre- 
tary of  the  Board  of  Public  Instruction  for 
Frontenac,  Lennox  and  Addington  ;  to  which  he 
also  added  some  successful  farming.  Mr.  Caton, 
after  a  successful  business  career  of  years  in  New- 
burgh,  died  in  that  town  and  lies  buried  in  the 
cemetery  near  by. 

Then  comes  the  card  of  Allan  Ruttan,  M.D., 
Coroner  for  the  United  Counties  of  Frontenac, 
Lennox  and  Addington.  After  graduating  with 
honors  from  McGill  University,  Montreal,  the 
Doctor  first  located  in  Newburgh  and  soon  obtained 
a  good  country  practice.  Newburgh  was  then 
ambitious  to  become  the  county  town  of  Lennox 
and  Addington,  and  was  then  fully  equal  to 
Napanee  in  intelligence,  population  and  business 
enterprise.  The  Grand  Trunk  railway,  built  a  few 
years  later,  and  being  located  through  Napanee, 
appeared  to  turn  the  scale  in  the  latter 's  favor. 
The  Doctor  being  convinced  the  village  would 
never  attain  much  more  in  population  or  import- 
ance, changed  his  location  to  Napanee,  with  a  short 
interval  at  Picton,  and  here  the  balance  of  his 
useful  days  was  spent. 

John  King  was  then  a  resident  of  Newburgh, 
and  advertised  as  an  "auctioneer  and  general  com- 
mission agent,  Township  of  Camden."  He  was  a 
hotel  keeper  there  at  one  time,  and  also  moved  to 
Napanee,  where  he  was  in  business  here  for  years. 
Later  on  he  received  a  government  appointment  in 
the  Customs,  and  lived  and  died  at  Windsor,  we 
believe. 

Luke  Carscallen  also  advertised  as  an  auc- 
tioneer and  general  commission  agent.  He  was  a 
well  known  citizen  of  the  village,  and  lived  and 
died  there. 

Richard  Rook,  then  a  well  known  citizen, 
advertised  as  a  dealer  and  repairer  of  watches, 
clocks  and  musical  instruments.  Lame  from  his 
childhood  and  dependent  on  a  large  Newfoundland 
dog  to  draw  him  from  place  to  place  on  his  small 
low  cart,  he  managed  to  carry  on  a  real  profitable 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  63 

trade  and    provided    comfortably    for  himself    and 
family. 

Owen  S.  Roblin,  a  native  of  Adolphustown, 
advertised  there  was  "nothing  like  harness",  and 
carried  on  that  business  for  years.  Later  on  he 
moved  to  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  where  he  lived  and  died. 

K.  A.  Lanfear,  another  of  the  same  craft, 
advertised  "nothing  like  good  harness,"  which  was, 
of  course,  intended  to  have  its  significance.  He 
lived  and  died  in  Newburgh. 

The  Wells  Brothers,  John  C.  and  Allen  C.,  were 
also  in  the  harness,  saddle  and  trunk  business,  and 
advertised  as  good  an  article  in  the  line  of  business 
as  can  be  obtained  for  the  same  money.  They  are 
of  the  few  advertisers  who  are  yet  living, — the 
former  now  in  business  with  his  son  at  Tamworth, 
and  the  latter  a  large  and  successful  farmer  at 
Chilliwhack,  British  Columbia. 

Simon  Haines  was  .then  an  axe  manufacturer, 
and  advertised  that  business.  It  may  as  well  be 
said  here  that  Newburgh  was  once  noted  for  its  axe 
making  and  supplied  a  large  section  of  the  country 
with  an  excellent  class  of  implements  in  that  line. 
Mr.  Haines  was  one  of  the  patriotic  militia  volun- 
teers during  the  Canadian  rebellion  of  1837-8,  doing 
active  service.  He  was  at  the  celebrated  battle  at 
the  Windmill,  Fresco tt,  and  witnessed  the  arrest  of 
the  unfortunate  Von  Sholts,  who  was  hanged  at 
Kingston,  for  his  share  in  the  American  invasion. 
Mr. 'Haines  lived  and  died  in  Newburgh. 

Henry  Finkle  then  advertised  his  stage  line, 
leaving  Centre ville  every  morning  for  Napanee,  via 
Clark's  Mills,  and  connecting  with  the  Grand* 
Trunk  here.  Mr.  Finkle  was  a  successful  stage 
owner  and  carriage  builder,  and  since  his  death  the 
business  has  been  well  sustained  by  his  son. 

Miles  Caton  and  Cephas  H.  Miller  were  then, 
and  for  many  years  after,  successful  and  well 
known  grocers  and  dry  goods  merchants.  Botli 
died  at  Newburgh,  highly  respected  men. 

A  number  of  outside  business  men  were  also 
among  the  Index  advertisers,  including  James 
Hawley,  Temperance  House,  Centreville  ;  B.  W. 
Day,  dentist,  Kingston,  now  County  Registrar  of 
Hastings  ;  Titus  F.  Brown,  watches  and  jewelry, 
Napanee  ;  R.  S.  Henderson,  law  office,  Napanee  ; 
S.  T.  and  L.  Clements,  dentists,  Kingston  ;  A.  W. 
Murdoch,  music  teacher,  Kingston  ;  John  Carruth- 
ers  &  Co.,  wholesale  grocers,  Kingston,  and  others. 


64:  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY; 

nearly  all  of    whom    are    yet    remembered    by  our 
older  readers. 

LEGISLATIVE    COUNCIL    ELECTIONS. 

It  was  in  1858  that  the  first  elections  were  held 
for  the  old  Legislative  Council  of  the  then  Parlia- 
ment of  Canada.  The  elective  system  that  was 
then  first  tried  remained  in  force  until  Confed- 
eration, in  1867.  The  counties  were  grouped, 
several  together,  into  electoral  divisions  for  that 
purpose.  Lennox,  North  Hastings  and  Peterboro' 
counties  constituted  Trent  Division,  and  Edmund 
Murney,  of  Belleville,  was  elected,  defeating 
Thomas  Shortt,  of  Keene.  Addington,  Frontenac 
and  the  city  of  Kingston  constituted  Cataraqui 
Division,  and  Alexander  Campbell,  Q.C.,  was  first 
elected.  The  other  candidates  were  Overton  S. 
Gildersleeve  and  Thomas  Kirkpatrick,  Q.C.,  all  of 
Kingston.  Their  cards  to  the  electors  all  appear  in 
the  copies  of  The  Index  now  before  us,  and  some 
reports  of  the  meetings  they  held  during  that  cam- 
paign. 

Senator  Campbell  was  re-elected  at  the  next 
term,  then  defeating  B.  M.  Britton,  Q.C.,  nowT  the 
M.P.  for  Kingston.  He  was  appointed  to  the  Dom- 
inion Senate  at  the  time  of  Confederation  and  took 
a  prominent  part  in  public  affairs  for  years.  He 
had  been  a  law  partner  and  intimate  personal  friend 
of  Sir  John  Macdonald,  and,  later  on,  became  a 
member  of  the  Tache-Macdonald  Government,  hold- 
ing the  position  of  Postmaster-General,  and  after- 
wards Minister  of  the  Interior.  Still  later  on  he 
was  appointed  Lieutenant-Go vernor  of  Ontario  in 
1887,  and  died  in  Government  House,  Toronto,  in 
1892. 

Thomas  Kirkpatrick  was  also  a  distinguished 
and  much  respected  Kingston  lawyer  and  the  father 
of  the  late  ex-Lieutenant-Governor  Sir  George  K. 
Kirkpatrick,  who  succeeded  Sir  A.  Campbell  as 
Governor  of  this  Province. 

Overton  Gildersleeve  is  the  only  one  of  the  three 
now  living.  He  was  also  a  resident  of  Kingston, 
and  was  long  a  prominent  man  in  the  ranks  of  the 
Liberal  party  there,  being  once  the  candidate  of  the 
party  in  opposition  to  Sir  John  Macdonald  in  1863, 
and  once,  later  on,  for  the  Provincial  Legislature  in 
opposition  to  James  Metcalf,  we  believe  ;  in  both 
cases  being  defeated. 

The  election  now  being  referred  to  took     place 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  65 

in  October,   1858,   and  resulted  in  a  large  majority 
for  Mr.  Campbell. 

POLITICAL   ISSUES    AT   THAT   TIME. 

That  our  readers  may  see  what  different  issues 
divided  politicians  forty  odd  years  ago  from  to-day 
we  will  make  reference  to  some  of  the  aspects  of 
that  legislative  Council  election  as  reported  in  The 
Index  then.  One  of  the  "burning  questions"  just 
then  was  the  celebrated  "Double  Shuffle"  of  that 
very  year,  in  connection  with  the  retirement  of  the 
Tache-Macdonald  Government,  the  formation  of  the 
Brown-Dorion  Government,  its  immediate  defeat  in 
both  Houses,  the  refusal  of  Governor  Sir  Edmund 
Head  to  consent  to  a  new  election  at  that  time,  and 
the  re-establishment  of  the  old  government,  each 
member  accepting  some  other  office  from  that  he 
held  before  the  resignation,  and  thus  avoiding  the 
legal  necessity  of  again  going  back  to  their  constit- 
uents. This  act  George  Brown  strongly  denounced 
at  the  time  as  a  mere  legal  trick  and  characterized 
it  as  the  "Double  Shuffle."  He  appealed  to  the 
courts  against  the  legality  of  that  "shuffle"  but 
was  defeated  in  the  matter. 

It  seems  that  Mr.  Campbell,  though  a  very 
decided  Conservative,  and  a  friend  of  Sir  John, 
came  out  in  strong  denunciation  of  that  act.  One 
of  his  election  fly  sheets  issued  a  day  or  two 
previous  to  the  voting  is  quoted  in  The  Index,  and 
had  this  stirring  appeal  : — "I^et  every  opponent  of 
Ministerial  chicanery  vote  early  for  Campbell  and 
thus  record  his  opposition  to  the  men  who  have 
ruined  the  credit  of  the  country."  It  was 
intimated  that  the  force  of  public  opinion  impelled 
him  to  take  that  stand. 

The  Index  remarked  that,  "Mr.  Kirkpatrick 
never  confessed  himself  a  Ministerial  candidate, 
neither  would  he  declare  himself  openly  an 
oppositionist."  He  was  always  known  as  a  very 
decided  Conservative,  however. 

The  Index  of  September  29th,  1858,  devoted  a 
good  deal  of  space  to  a  report  of  a  meeting  held 
in  Hope's  Hall,  Newburgh,  by  Mr.  Gilderslceve,  at 
which  he  went  pretty  fully  over  the  issues  of  the 
campaign.  The  late  Cephas  H.  Miller  occupied  the 
chair.  In  regard  to  the  double  shuffle  he  styled  it 
a  "legal  stratagem,"  but  the  Index  declared  that 
the  word  "legal"  should  not  be  used  at  all  and 
added,  "We  consider  it  a  piece  of  illegal  jugglery, 


66  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

unconstitutional  usurpation  of  office."  That  single 
sentence  will  indicate  its  decided  position  then  and 
the  force  of  its  language.  Mr.  Gildersleeve  was 
reported  to  have  declared  his  decided  opposition  to 
the  then  Cartier-Macdonald  government  ;  his 
determined  opposition  to  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company,  which  then  held  the  territory  which  now 
constitutes  Manitoba  and  the  Northwest  Terri- 
tories ;  his  strong  support  of  the  principle  of 
Representation  by  Population,  which  was  then  a 
burning  issue  with  the  Reformers  of  Upper  Canada; 
his  opposition  to  a  Separate  school  law,  which  was 
then  also  an  exciting  question  ;  and  his  earnest 
advocacy  of  a  protective  duty. 

The  Index  intimated  that  the  policy  of  protec- 
tion was  not,  however,  the  settled  policy  of  the 
Reform  party,  as  the  Globe  and  Mr.  Cayley  were 
favorable  to  free  trade.  It  intimated,  however, 
that  Messrs.  Campbell  and  Gildersleeve  both  favor- 
ed protection. 

The  question  of  prohibition  was  also  then 
before  the  people  and  the  Index  was  decidedly 
favorable  to  it.  Mr.  Gildersleeve  was  reputed  to 
have  said  that  he  believed  that  "the  revenue  as 
well  as  community  would  be  benefited  by  a  prohi- 
bition law,  and  he  would  give  it  his  cordial 
support. 

SOME   LOCAL  ITEMS. 

There  is  a  report  of  the  proceedings  of  the 
Camden  Township  Council,  which  at  that  time  also 
included  the  now  Village  of  Newburgh.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  Council  in  1858  appear  to  have  been 
Augustus  Hooper,  Samuel  Clark,  David  B. 
Stickney,  James  I/apum  and  Charles  Warner. 
They  are  all  well  remembered  by  our  older  readers 
as  very  prominent  and  spirited  business  men, 
representing  the  various  sections  of  the  large 
township.  They  have  all  passed  away,  however. 

There  is  the  announcement  also  of  the  dedica- 
tion of  a  new  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  near 
Colebrook,  on  the  Camden  circuit,  for  Thursday, 
October  2ist,  1858^  with  preaching  services  by 
Revs.  James  Gardner,  G.  Jones  and  John  F. 
Wilson, — men  still  well  remembered  throughout 
these  counties. 

There  is  also  a  report  of  the  meeting  of  the 
directors  of  the  Camden  Township  Agricultural 
Society,  held  in  Hope's  Hall,  August  2ist,  1858. 
Those  attending  were  Augustus  Hooper,  President  ; 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  67 

John  B.  Aylesworth,  Secretary  ;  Cephas  H.  Miller, 
James  N.  Lapum,  Samuel  Clark,  Thomas  Price, 
E.  Armstrong,  Thomas  Scott  and  J.  Clancy.  It 
was  decided  to  hold  the  exhibition  that  year  on 
Tuesday,  I2th  October,  and  a  premium  list  of  200 
prizes  was  agreed  upon.  The  only  survivor  of  that 
once  well  known  group  of  men,  so  far  as  we  know, 
is  our  now  venerable  friend,  Mr.  John  Bell  Ayles- 
worth, still  the  Secretary  of  the  Association.  May 
he  long  continue  to  occupy  that  position  ! 

There  is  also  a  report  of  the  Addington  County 
Agricultural  Society,  held  that  year  in  Bath,  on 
Thursday,  October  yth.  Among  the  leading  prize 
winners  were  a  number  of  excellent  and  well  known 
farmers  in  this  county  at  that  time  :  William  H. 
Gordanier,  Peter  R.  Davy,  M.  B.  Lasher,  S.  K. 
Miller,  N.  A.  Briscoe,  Seth  Irish,  Frederick  Kaylor, 
Tillotson  Irish,  Thomas  Price,  Coleman  Bristol, 
John  Boyce,  Elijah  Switzer,  Calvin  W.  Miller,  Job 
Ayls worth,  D.  Purdy,  Richard  Williams,  Mitchell 
Neville,  John  Clancy,  Hazard  W.  Purdy,  John 
Sharp,  James  Foster,  John  Black,  Charles  Lloyd, 
Ezra  D.  Priest  and  many  others,  all  or  nearly  all 
of  whom  have  long  since  passed  over  to  the  great 
majority  ;  but,  in  many  cases,  their  sons  and 
daughters  are  well  representing  them,  among  our 
intelligent  and  enterprising  citizens  of  to-day. 
What  changes  forty  years  bring  about  in  the  affairs 
of  any  locality  ! 

MR.    AND   MRS.    OWEN    S.    ROBLIN. 

In  writing  recently  of  the  Newburgh  business 
men  who  advertised  in  "The  Index",  forty-five 
years  ago,  we  referred  to  Owen  S.  Roblin,  Esq., 
who  was  then  in  the  harness  trade  in  that  village, 
and  it  was  remarked  that,  "Later  on  he  moved  to 
Syracuse,  N.Y.,  where  he  lived  and  died."  We  are 
glad  to  know  that  we  were  misinformed  in  regard 
to  the  death  of  Mr.  Roblin,  and  that  he  is  still 
alive  and  well.  After  being  for  years  in  business 
at  Syracuse  he  removed  elsewhere,  and  many  of  his 
old  friends  and  relatives  supposed  he  was  dead. 
Prof.  C.  C.  James,  Deputy  Minister  of  Agriculture 
at  Toronto,  writes  us,  "Mr.  Roblin  is  still  living, 
retired,  at  Buffalo,  where  his  son,  David,  has  a 
large  boot  and  shoe  store.  I  called  on  Uncle  Owen 
last  fall.  He  and  my  aunt  (his  wife)  are  both 
enjoying  a  hearty  old  age."  Mr.  Roblin  was  a 
native  of  Adolphustown,  a  son  of  Stephen  Roblin 


68  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

and  Amy  Allison,  both  of  IT.  E.  Loyalist  families. 
He  spent  his  early  days  there,  and  was  then  in 
some  active  business  in  Newburgh,  and  was  a  well 
known  man  there  in  business  and  church  affairs. 
He  married  a  Miss  Canniff,  also  of  Adolphustown, 
we  believe,  and  they  had  a  large  circle  of  warm 
friends  and  relatives  in  this  county.  He  was  one 
of  the  trustees  of  the  Newburgh  Methodist  church 
when  it  was  built,  nearly  forty  years  ago,  and  they 
are  yet  both  very  kindly  remembered  by  the  older 
inhabitants,  many  of  whom  will  be  pleased  to  thus 
learn  they  are  now  enjoying  a  comfortable  and 
quiet  old  age.  Mr.  Roblin  is  an  older  brother  of 
Jacob  and  John  Roblin,  yet  well  known  residents 
of  the  Third  Concession  of  Adolphustown.  They 
must  be  about  80  years  of  age  now. 

THE  PALATINE   MILLER  FAMILY. 

A  very  considerable  portion  of  the  numerous 
branches  of  the  Miller  families,  now  resident  in 
this  county,  are  of  Irish  Palatine  descent  and  came 
to  this  province  with  the  early  U.  E.  Loyalist 
pioneers  more  than  a  hundred  years  ago.  They 
have  been  residents  of  this  county  ever  since  and 
have  done  well  their  share  in  helping  to  build  it 
up  and  make  it  what  it  now  is.  They  were 
intimately  connected  with  the  Switzers,  Maddens, 
Detlors,  Empeys,  Dulmages  and  other  Palatine 
families,  wrho  were  among  the  worthy  pioneers  of 
this  county.  There  lies  before  us  a  very  interesting 
memorandum  of  the  family,  prepared  about  sixteen 
years  ago  by  the  late  Cephas  Miller,  J.P.,  of 
Newburgh,  who  was  for  years  one  of  the  best 
known  and  most  respected  residents  of  Addington 
County.  As  the  paper  is  of  general  and  historical 
as  well  as  of  family  interest,  the  most  of  it  is  here 
reproduced.  The  writer  is  under  obligations  to  his 
son,  Mr.  W.  H.  Miller,  of  Kingston,  and  Peter  E. 
R.  Miller,  of  Switzerville,  for  access  to  this  paper. 

CEPHAS   MILLER'S   MEMORANDUM. 

"The  Millers  with  whom  our  families  are 
connected  descended  from  the  Palatines  of  the 
Rhine,  in  Germany.  They  were  of  the  Protestant 
faith,  and  at  different  times  suffered  great  persecu- 
tion from  the  Catholic  rulers  of  their  day.  In  the 
year  1709  Queen  Anne,  of  England,  hearing  of  the 
distressed  condition  of  this  people,  sent  a  British 
fleet  to  Rotterdam  and  brought  about  7,000  of 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  69 

them  to  England.  Part  of  them  were  sent  to 
America,  and  finally  settled  in  Pennsylvania. 
Some  were  settled  in  England  and  a  large  number 
of  them  settled  in  the  County  of  Limerick,  Ireland. 

It  was  of  these  settled  in  Ireland  that  our 
family  belonged.  They  got  their  lands  at  a  low 
rate  of  rental  for  the  first  fifty  years,  and  being 
industrious  and  economical,  they  greatly  prospered, 
as  well  as  improved  their  farms  and  homes.  As 
the  Palatines  brought  no  German  minister  with 
them  to  Ireland,  and  for  many  years  they  under- 
stood very  little  or  none  of  the  English  language, 
they  had  no  public  worship,  and  gradually,  to  use 
John  Wesley's  language  of  them,  "became  promi- 
nent for  drunkenness,  cursing,  swearing,  and  the 
utter  neglect  of  religion."  They  were  visited  by 
John  Wesley  and  his  preachers  about  forty  years 
after  they  settled  in  the  country,  and  in  consequence 
there  was  brought  about  a  great  revival  of  religion 
among  them.  They  then  generally  became  a 
devoted  and  pious  people.  Mr.  Wesley  often  visited 
them.  My  father  says  he  well  recollects  hearing 
his  grandmother  Miller  telling  of  Mr.  Wesley's 
sayings  and  doings  among  them. 

A  Mr.  Hall  gave  a  description  of  the  Palatines 
as  follows  :  "The  women  are  industrious  and  clean. 
The  men  are  tall,  fine,  stout  fellows,  but  there  is  a 
calm  and  stern  severity  such  as  is  anything  but 
cheering  for  a  traveller  to  meet  and  having  no 
resemblance  to  those  among  whom  they  live." 

Their  first  lease  was  for  fifty  years,  and  after 
that  expired  an  exorbitant  rent  was  demanded  for 
the  land  ;  sometimes  as  high  as  three  guineas  an 
acre,  which  reduced  many  to  poverty.  That  caused 
a  great  tide  of  emigration  from  the  country  about 
1760. 

THE   FAMILY    HISTORY. 

Among  those  emigrating  to  America  at  that 
time  were  Peter  Switzer,  our  great  grandfather. 
His  sister,  Mary,  who  was  the  wife  of  Philip 
Embury,  the  first  Methodist  who  preached  in 
America,  was  also  with  him  ;  also  Paul  and 
Barbara  Heck,  Detlors,  Dulmages  and  others. 
They  landed  at  New  York,  where  most  of  them 
lived  for  several  years.  Peter  Switzer,  with 
several  of  the  other  Palatines,  settled  on  farms  at 
Ashgrove  and  Camden,  New  York  State.  It  was 
there  that  our  great  grandfather  raised  a  large 
family.  His  oldest  children  were  born  in  Ireland— 


70  LENNOX    AND   ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Elizabeth,  our  grandmother,  and  Philip,  who 
afterwards  settled  in  the  Township  of  Camden, 
Upper  Canada,  north  of  Varty  Lake,  where  there 
are  a  number  of  the  descendants.  There  were  also 
Christopher  and  Aunt  Mary  Empey,  Margaret 
Neville  and  John,  who  settled  in  Portland. 

The  families  who  emigrated  from  Ireland 
reached  New  York  about  sixteen  years  before  the 
great  United  States  rebellion  began. 

Several  others  of  the  family  landed  at 
Baltimore,  Maryland,  among  whom  were  great 
grandfather  and  grandmother  Miller,  with  his 
brothers,  Peter  and  Jacob.  They  had  a  severe 
voyage  of  three  months  on  the  ocean.  Later  on 
they  also  settled  in  Ashgrove,  New  York,  where 
grandfather  purchased  a  farm  and  was  living  there 
when  the  war  of  the  American  Revolution  began. 
He  joined  the  King's  army  along  with  his  brother- 
in-law,  Philip  Switzer.  He  fought  at  the  Battle 
of  Bennington  in  Vermont,  where  he  was  wounded 
by  a  ball  in  the  arm,  and  taken  prisoner. 

FAMILY  IN   CANADA. 

When  he  was  released  from  prison,  after  about 
a  year,  he  moved  to  Three  Rivers,  in  Lower 
Canada,  below  Montreal.  He  lived  there  sixteen 
years  before  he  moved  to  Ernesttown,  in  this 
province.  His  property  in  the  States  was  all 
confiscated,  as  was  that  of  the  others  who  remained 
loyal  to  the  King.  He  owed  there  the  man  from 
whom  he  purchased  the  farm  in  Ashgrove  and  had 
given  him  a  judgment  bond.  This  man  also  joined 
the  British  ranks  and  came  to  Canada,  and  settled 
near  grandfather  at  Three  Rivers.  After  a  few 
years  he  sued  the  bond  in  Canada,  sold  grandfather 
out,  and  still  the  whole  balance  claimed  was  not 
yet  met.  That  was  felt  to  be  such  a  great  hard- 
ship that  he  resolved  to  move  to  this  then  wild 
country. 

My  grandfather,  Garret  Miller,  was  an  ensign 
in  the  King's  army,  and  the  Government  granted 
him  1,200  acres  of  land.  Of  this  400  was  in  the 
Township  of  Percy,  200  in  Middlesex,  and  the 
remainder  in  Darlington  and  Loborough  and  Leeds. 
Land  was  of  little  value  at  that  time,  except  for 
actual  settlement  and  he  never  realized  anything 
for  these  lands. 

Peter  Miller,  grandfather's  brother,  settled  in 
Missisquoi,  Lower  Canada,  about  forty  miles  south 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  71 

of  Montreal,  and  adjoining  the  U.  S.  boundary. 
He  became  a  rich  farmer  there.  His  grandsons 
went  into  wholesale  business  in  Montreal,  but  did 
not  succeed,  and  went  to  the  Southern  States. 
Another  son  kept  a  hotel  for  years  near  Rice  Lake, 
and  was  reputed  an  intelligent  man.  A  daughter 
married  a  Rev.  Mr.  Lang,  a  Methodist  minister, 
who  was  stationed  in  Kingston  about  1810.  He 
once  visited  me  and  preached  in  our  church  at 
Newburgh. 

Grandfather's  other  brother,  Jacob  Miller,  who 
came  from  Ireland,  settled  in  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  where  he  was  engaged  in  rope  making  and 
ship  building  at  the  time  of  the  war  of  1812.  He 
fitted  out  some  privateer  ships  to  prey  on 
American  vessels  and  became  immensely  rich.  His 
son,  Garrett,  married  the  daughter  of  the  Governor 
of  the  Province. 

Two  sons  of  John  Miller,  who  remained  in 
Ireland,  Adam  and  Robert,  came  to  Canada  many 
years  ago,  and  carried  on  a  large  stationery  busi- 
ness in  Montreal.  They  were  very  prosperous  for  a 
time,  but  were  nearly  ruined  by  a  partnership  with 
another  man  to  build  a  paper  mill,  who  proved 
dishonest,  and  they  lost  heavily.  Robert  remained 
in  Montreal,  and  Adam  went  to  Toronto,  and  they 
both  again  became  prosperous  and  prominent  busi- 
ness men. 

MORE  FAMILY   RECORDS. 

Grandfather,  Garrett  Miller,  was  married 
twice.  He  was  born  October,  1738,  at  Ballingrave, 
Ireland,  and  died  in  August,  1823,  in  Ernesttown, 
aged  85  years.  He  had  two  sons  by  his  first  wife, 
Martin  and  Michael.  Martin  went  when  a  boy,  to 
live  with  an  uncle,  Jacob  Miller,  below  Montreal. 
He  became  unsettled,  joined  the  army,  but  finally 
left  and  came  with  a  large  family  to  Ernes ttown, 
settled  on  a  wild  lot,  and  died  there,  and  the 
family  gut  scattered.  Michael  was  born  in  1770 
and  died,  aged  65  years.  Elizabeth  Miller,  our 
grandmother,  was  born  in  1750,  and  died  in  March, 
l837,  aged  87  years.  Rebecca  Miller  Bush  was  born 
in  November,  1774,  died  1869,  aged  95  years.  Peter 
Miller,  born  1779,  died  1876.  Agnes  Miller,,  born 
October,  1779,  died  March,  1807.  She  was  married 
to  James  Dougall,  of  Hallowell,  and  left  a 
daughter,  Agnes,  who  married  David  B.  Stevenson, 
who  was  for  years  a  prominent  business  man  in 


72  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Picton,    and  represented  Prince   Edward  County  in 
the  old  Parliament  of  Canada. 

William  Miller,  my  father,  was  born  November, 
1783,  died  October,  1863,  aged  79  years,  n  months. 
Mary  Ann  Miller  died  when  a  child.  Garrett  Miller 
was  born  November.  1788,  died  January,  1871, 
aged  83  years.  John  Miller  was  about  74  years  old 
when  he  died. 

SOME   FAMILY   DETAILS. 

In  addition  to  the  facts  already  given  we  are 
largely  indebted  for  the  following  to  John  B. 
Aylesworth,  J.P.,  of  Newburgh,  who  is  so  well 
informed  in  much  of  the  early  history  of  many  of 
the  leading  families  of  this  county. 

Garrett  Miller,  senior,  who  came  from  Ireland 
and  died  in  this  county  in  1823,  had  four  sons  and 
each  of  these  had  in  their  turn  four  sons,  besides 
daughters.  Garrett  Miller's  sons  were  William, 
Garrett,  John  and  Peter. 

1.  Peter  Miller  lived  in  North  Fredericksburgh 
on  the  Kingston  road,  near  Morven.     The  farm    is 
now  owned  by  his  grandson,  Mr.  Sidney  Miller,  of 
Napanee.     Peter's  sons  were  :  (i)  Calvin  W.  Miller, 
who  lived  and  died  near  Switzerville,     Sixth  Con- 
cession   of    Krnesttown.       He    was    the    father    of 
Messrs.   James  L.  and  Peter  K.  R.  Miller,  now    of 
the  old  homestead  ;  of  Mrs.  Harvey  I/ake,  the  late 
Mrs.  Rev.   W.  McDonagh    and    others.     (2)   Charles 
Miller,  who  lived  on  the  homestead  for  years,    and 
then  moved  to  Napanee,  where  he  died  some  years 
ago.      He    was    the    father    of    Mrs.  James    Daly, 
Napanee,  Mrs.  Freshman,  Buffalo,  and  Mr.    S.    R. 
Miller,  Napanee. 

2.  William  Miller,   who  settled  in  the  Seventh 
Concession  of  Krnesttown  ;   he  had  four  sons    and 
four  daughters  ;   died    in    Newburgh.     His  children 
were  : — (i.)   Cephas  H.  Miller,    J.P.,  who  was    for 
years    one    of    the    most    prominent    and  respected 
residents  of  Newburgh,   and  probably  did  more    to 
build  up  that  village  than  any  other  man  in    his 
day.     He  was,   for  years,   a  prominent  member    of 
the   Camden    Township    council,     and    of    the     old 
United  Counties  council,   and  was  at  one  time  the 
candidate  of  the  old  Reform  party  for  the  represen- 
tation of  Lennox    and    Addingfton    in    parliament. 
He  was  many  years  a  Methodist  class-leader  and  a 
prominent  worker  in  the  temperance  cause.       His 
surviving   children     are    Mrs.     A.     B.     Aylesworth, 
Toronto  ;   W.     H.    Miller,     Kingston.       (2)   George 


THE  CASEY  SCRAP  BOOKS.  73 

Miller,  who  was  associated  with  his  brother  Cephas 
in  business  for  years  at  Newburgh.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Village  of  Yarker,  building  the 
first  saw  mill  and  grist  mill  there,  and  establishing 
the  first  store.  He  was  also  in  business  at  Tarn- 
worth  for  some  time.  He  died  in  London  at  the 
residence  of  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Henry  Grange. 
(3.)  Christopher  Miller,  who  was  for  years  a 
resident  of  Newburgh,  and  was  associated  with 
Cephas  and  George  in  manufacturing  there.  He 
went  to  California  at  the  time  of  the  early  gold 
excitement  there,  over  half  a  century  ago.  He 
moved  his  family  there  and  died  there.  (4)  Allen 
Miller,  the  youngest  son,  who  lived  on  the  home- 
stead for  years,  then  in  Newburgh,  and  later  on  in 
California,  where  he  died. 

Of  the  daughters  of  William  Miller  there  were  : 
(i)  Julia  Ann,  who  married  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  I. 
B.  Aylesworth  ;  she  now  lives  in  Collingwood,  and 
is  the  last  surviving  member  of  that  family. 
(2.)  Elizabeth,  who  married  the  late  David  B. 
Stickney,  and  who  died  many  years  ago. 
(3.)  Lydia,  who  married  the  late  Douglas  Hooper, 
of  Newburgh,  and  who  also  died  there  many  years 
ago.  (4.)  Mary,  who  married  the  late  Albert 
Chapman  and  moved  to  California. 

3.  John  Miller,   who  settled    in    the    Seventh 
Concession  of  Ernesttown,   at  Miller's  Corners,     a 
little  north  of    where    the    Switzer's    church    now 
stands.     There  he   carried  on   a  large  farm   and     a 
large  tannery.         He    had    four    sons    and    several 
daughters.     One  of  his  sons,  the  Rev.  Aaron  Miller, 
is  now  a  superannuated  Methodist  minister,  resid- 
ing at  Picton.     Two  others,  Garrett  and  Anthony, 
were  the  founders  of  what  is    now    the   flourishing 
Village    of    Yarker.     They    learned    their    father's 
trade  and  established  a  tannery  there,  many  years 
ago,   being  the  first  line  of  business  established    in 
what  was  then  "Simcoe  Falls,"  and  they  built  the 
two  stone  houses,  now  the  oldest  standing  in    that 
place.     That  was  in  the  fifties.     They  sold  out  and 
moved  West.     Mitchell  Miller,  the  youngest  of    the 
sons,   lived  on  the  old  homestead  at  Miller's  Cor- 
ners, until  a  few  years  ago,  when  he  moved  to  the 
States. 

4.  Garrett  Miller  settled  in  the  First  Conces- 
sion of  Camden,   on  the  farm  just  adjoining  where 
the  Village    of    Strathcona    now    stands.     Part    of 
the  village  has  been  built  on  that  farm.     It  is  now 


74  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

owned  and  occupied  by  W.  A.  Wilson.  He  had  four 
sons  and  four  daughters.  Two  of  the  sons  were 
drowned  in  the  Napanee  River  in  front  of  their 
parents'  house,  when  they  were  boys.  One  son  was 
the  late  Rev.  Wm.  Miller,  who  died  in  Napanee 
years  ago.  Another,  Mr.  Peter  Miller,  lived  on  the 
old  homestead  and  died  there  years  ago.  The 
daughters  married,  the  late  Archibald  McKim,  for 
years  a  resident  of  Fredericksburgh  and  Napanee  ; 
Mr.  William  Drewrey,  of  Smithfield,  near  Brigh- 
ton ;  Michael  Scouten,  formerly  of  Camden,  and 
the  late  John  Neely,  also  of  Camden. 


INDEX. 


Accommodation,     Steamboat 7 

Act  of  1791 46 

Addington 5,  15,  16,  18 

27,   28,   29,   31,   36,   37,   38,  44,   61,  64,  67,  68 

Addington  Mills 53 

Addison,   Rev 37 

Adolphustown 5,  9,  12,  17,   18,  28,  33 

34,   36,   37.  38,   39,  41,   44,  49,   5°,   63,   67,  68 

Adolphustown  Burying  Ground 5 

Agricultural  Society 59,   66,  67 

Agriculture,  Deputy  Minister ,  36 

Aishton,  Dr.  Thomas ,  52 

Albany 7,  20,  58,  60 

Allen,  Capt.  Joseph ,  17,  50 

Allen,  Joseph 49 

Allen,  Miss 50 

Allen,   Parker 50 

Allison,   Amy 68 

Allison,  D.  W 45,  50 

Alma,   Schooner 50 

America 7,   56,  69 

America  British .,  10 

American  Revolution 

13,     21,    28,    29,     34.    41,    45,    58,  70 

American  War  of  1812 32,  44 

Amey,  Arnold  G 52 

Amherst  Island  ......  27,   54,   55,   56,  57,   5$,   59,  60 

Anne,  Queen 68 

Appanee  Falls 13 

Archives,   Canadian 20 

Armstrong,  H 67 

Armstrong,   Henry 52 

Armstrong,   Thomas 52 

Ashgrove,  N.Y 69,   70 

Asselstine,  Catharine 56 

Assembly,  American  Provisional  29 

Assembly,  Legislative 31 

Atkinson,  William 35 

Atlantic  Ocean ._.  7,  19 

Aylesworth,  Geo.  Anson 5 

Aylesworth,  Isaac  Brock 61,   73 

Aylesworth,   Job 24,   67 

Aylesworth,   John  B 67,   72 


76  LENNOX   AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

Aylesworth,  Mrs.  A.  B 72 

Aylesworth,  Rev.  I.  B 61 

Baldwin-Lafontain  Government 49 

Baldwin,  Robert 48 

Ballingrave 71 

Baltimore,  Md : 70 

Barker,   John  S 52 

Bath 8,  9,  10 

15,   24,   31,   32,   39,   41,  43,  47,   50,   51,   52,  55 

Bay  of  Quinte 

5,   7,  8,   10,   n,   20,   21,   28,   30,  43,  51 

Beach,   David 61 

Beaver,   The 26,    28,   35,   36,   49,  61 

Bedell,  Reuben 38 

Belfour,   Gabriel , 52 

Belleville II,   15,  42,   44,  64 

Bennington,  Battle  of  29,  70 

Berlin 50 

Bidwell,   Barnabas 39,  47 

Bid  well,     Marshall   Spring   23,   39,   40,   47,  48 

Black,   John 53,  67 

Bogart  family 17 

Bogart,   Gilbert  C 53 

Bond-Head,  Gov.  Francis 23 

Bonter,   Captain  Jacob II 

Booth,  Joshua 18,  28,  31,  34,  35,  36 

Booth,  Mr 29 

Bower,  Adam 13 

Bower,  Elizabeth 13 

Bower,   Gasper 12,    13,  14 

Bower's  Mills 13,  14 

Bower,  Miriam 12,  13 

Boyce,  John 67 

Brighton 74 

Briscoe,  N.  A 67 

Bristol,  Coleman 67 

Bristol,   Peter 9 

British  America 10,  22 

British  Colonies 48 

British  Columbia 63 

British  Empire 17,  18 

British  Government........    23,  41 

British  Parliament.. 19,  4$ 

Britton,  B.  M 64 

Brockville,   Steamer  II 

Brown-Dorion  Government 65 

Brown,  George 65 

Brown,  Titus  F....                      63 


INDEX.  77 

Buffalo,  N.Y;... 67)  y2 

Burgoyne,  General ',  29 

Burrows,   Frederick 4}     5 

Bush,  Rebecca  Miller \  71 

Butler's  Rangers 20 

California 73 

Camden  12,    14,   30,   62,   66,   70,  72,   73,  74 

Camden  East..  52,  61 

Camden,  N.Y 69 

Camden  Township  Agricultural  Society  66 

Campbell,  Alexander  64,  65,  66 

Campbell,  David  J 52 

Campbell,  John 54 

Canada  7,  8,   16,   18,   19,  20,  21,  22,  23 

26,   30,   36,   40,   47,   48,   54,   56,   59,   64,   70,  71 

Canadian  Government 26 

Canadian  History 21,  35,  36 

Canadian  Parliament ,  .. 27 

Canadians 23 

Canniff,  Dr.  William 17,  18,  34,  54 

Canniff,  Miss 68 

Cape  Vincent 26 

Carleton  Place . 30 

Carpenter,  James 43 

Carruthers,  John  &  Co 63 

Carrying  Place,  The 8,  31,   51 

Carscallen,  John 14 

Carscallen,  Luke 62 

Cartier-Macdonald  Government 66 

Cartwright,  Hon.  Richard 8,  18,  29,  32,  35 

Cartwright,  John  Solomon  40 

Cartwright,    Judge 46 

Casey,  Samuel 39,  40 

Casey,  Thomas  W 5,  7,  12,  22,  27,  49,   54 

Casey,   Willet 38,   39 

Cataraqui 21 

Cataraqui  Division 64 

Catholic  Church 68 

Catholic,  Roman 60 

Caton,  Allen 61,  62 

Caton,  Archibald 61 

Caton,  Miles 63 

Cavelier,  Robert  Rouen 56 

Cayley,  Mr 66 

Centreville 5,   63 

Chalmers,  Capt.  James , 5° 

Chalmers,  Frank 5° 

Chambers,  Capt.  J.  McGill n 


78  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Champlain,  Lake 29 

Champlain,   Samuel  de 5 

Chapman,  Albert 73 

Charters,  Lois 43 

Checkley,  K.  R 5 

Chicago 52 

Chilliwhack,  B.C 63 

Church,   Elizabeth 55 

Clancy,  John 67 

Clark,  Col 17 

Clark,   John  Collins 28 

Clark,  Matthew 39 

Clark,   Robert 13 

Clark,   Samuel 53,   66,  67 

Clark's  Mills 52,  53,  63 

Clarksville 17 

Clear  Grits 49 

Clements,  L 63 

Clements,  S.  T 63 

Cleremont,  Steamboat ,  7 

Clergy  Reserves „....  47 

Clute,  David 41,  42 

Clute,   John  G 42 

Clute,  Miss  Margaret 42 

Colebrook 66 

Collingwood 73 

Confederation 28,  64 

Conger,  Mr 30 

Congress,  U.  S 29 

Conservative  Party 39,   65 

Conway 16,  30,  31 

Cooper,  John  S 52 

Corby,   Capt.  Henry II 

Cornwall 21 

Council,   Legislative 31 

Councils,   District 5 

Courtney,  J.  W 53 

Court  of  Requests 29 

Crawford,   Col 5$ 

Crowes,  Oliver 56 

Crown  Lands  Department 13,  26,  41 

Crysler,  Captain 10 

Crysler  Family 10 

Crysler,   John 10 

Daly,    James 4 

Daly,  Mrs.  James 72 

Darlington 7° 

Davy,  B.C 5 


INDEX.  79 

Davy,  Mr 5! 

Davy,  Peter  R .'.  53,  67 

Davy,  Wm.  H 52 

Day,  B.  W '.'.'„'„  63 

Delyisle,  Rev.  David  C 20 

DeLongueil,   J 31 

Denee,  Anthony 56 

Deroche,  H.  M 54 

De  Salaberry,  I,ouis ,  31 

Deseronto  Navigation  Co II 

Detlor  Family... 68,  69 

Detlor,   George  Hill 40 

Detlor,  William 45 

Detlor,  Wm.  V.  P 53 

Dieppe 19 

Dingman,  A 5 

Dorchester,  lyord 58 

Dorland,  Capt.  Thomas 17,  i8t  49 

Dorland,  Peter 33,  50 

Dorland,  Philip 28,  33,  34,  36,  37,  38,  47 

Dorland,  Thomas 38,  39,  50 

Double  Shuffle 65 

Dougall,   James 71 

Down  County 58 

Downey  Bros ,  II 

Drewrey,  William 74 

Duffett,  Miss  Minnie  Watson 50 

Dulmage  Family 68,  69 

Dundas  County 10 

Durham,  I/ord ,,  23,  48 

Dutch  Settlers 21 

Eadus,  William  55 

East  Greenwich,  R.  1 29 

Ecclesiastical  History 5 

Elbow,  The ." 50 

Elmore,  Publius  V 5° 

Emancipation  Act 18 

Embury,   Philip > 69 

Empey,  Christopher 7° 

Empey  Family ,  68 

Empey,  George 52 

Empey,  Mary.. ,  7° 

England 19,   23,   36,  40,  47,  68,  69 

England,   Church  of 

16,  32,  44,  45,  46,  50,  5i,  54,  60 

Englishmen 18 

Episcopal  Clergy 20 


80  LENNOX    AND   ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Ernesttown 

17,  24,   28,  31,  36,  37,  39,  45,  51,   70,  71,  72 
Krnesttown   Station 49 

Fairfield,  Benjamin 39 

Fairfield  Family 17 

Fairfield,  Mr 51 

Fairfield,  William 37,  44,   52 

Family   Compact 22,   45,   46,  47 

Fashion  Steamer II 

Fellows,   Nathan 24,   25 

Ferguson,  John 38 

Ferrin,  Edmund 52 

Ferrin,  George 52 

Files,  Benjamin 53 

Finkle,  Henry 51,  63 

Finkle,  Miss  10 

Finkle,  Mr 8 

Finkle,  R.  R 52 

Finkle's  Point 8,   9,   10,   51 

Firsttown „ 14 

Fisher,   Judge  Alexander  12,  35 

Flach,  Ulysses  J 4 

Fleet,  British 68 

Flint,  Hon.  Billa II 

Forward,  David  T 52 

Forward,  Mrs.  H.  T 4 

Foster,   James 52,   67 

Fralick,   John 47 

Fralick,   John's  Tavern 40 

France 56,  57 

Fraser,  Daniel 28 

Fraser,  Elizabeth 41 

Fraser,  Eliza  Ellen 42 

Fraser,  Isaac 39,  40 

Fraser,   James 41 

Fraser,  Miss  Margaret 28 

Fraser,   Mrs.   James 41,  42 

Fredericksburgh 15,   16,   17,   20,   29,   30 

31,   32,  36,   37,  40,   41,   42,  44,  49,   55,   56,  74 

French  Rule 19 

Freshman,  Mrs 72 

Frontenac 51 

Frontenac,   Count 56,  57 

Frontenac  County  27,  62,  64 

Frontenac  Fort 56,  57 

Frontenac,   Steamer 8,   10 

Fulton,  Robert 7 


INDEX.  81 

Gananoque 27 

Gananoque  River 36 

Gardner,  Rev.  James 66 

Gazette,  Kingston ,  9 

Gazette,  Montreal 20 

George  IV.,   King 40 

George,   John 51 

German,  John  Wesley 50,  51 

Germany 68,  69 

Gibbard,    John 7..     4,  13 

Gibbard,   William 14 

Gibson,   Stephen 12 

Gildersleeve,   Captain 9 

Gildersleeve,   Capt.   Harry  10,   II,  51 

Gildersleeve,   Overton  S 64,  65,  66 

Glass  Family 44 

Glass,  Mrs.  James , 44 

Glengary 37 

Glenora 33,  34 

Globe,  The 66 

Gordanier,  William  H ,  67 

Government  House 32.  64 

Grafton 38 

Grand  River 16 

Grand  Trunk  Railway 5,   n,   62,  63 

Grange,  Mrs.  A.  Wr 4 

Grange,  Mrs.  Henry 73 

Graveyards,  Old  Time 5 

Gray,  Robert 18 

Great   Britain 8,  39 

Green,  Francis 16 

Grits,  Clear . 49 

Hagerman,   Christopher 39,  44,  45 

Hagerman,  Daniel 39 

Hagerman,  Nicholas 39,  45 

Haines,  Simon 63 

Haldimand,   General 19,  3° 

Haldimand,   Papers ...  3° 

Haldimand,   Township 3$ 

Halifax 17,  19,  20,   71 

Hall,  Mr.. 69 

Hallowell 3®,   7* 

Ham,  Dr.  J.  B ~.  42 

Ham,  George 47 

Ham,  John 49 

Ham,  Miss  Mary 49 

Ham,  Mrs.  Rebecca 52 

Hamilton...  .  ..  n 


82  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Hamilton,  Ont 31 

Hamilton,  Steamer n 

Hampton,  Ashur 15 

Hancock,  Mrs.  Orton 52 

Hanes,   S.  M 53 

Harding,  Rev.  R 50 

Harper,   Rev.   W.  T.   S 51 

Hart,   James 50 

Hastings 

16,    18,   25,   27,   28,   29,   36,   37,   38,   42,   44,  63 

Hawley,  Charles 49 

Hawley,  George  D 4 

Hawley,   James 63 

Hawley,  Mrs.  John  Perry 5 

Hay  Bay 12,  38,  50 

Head,  Lieut.  Governor  Sir  Francis  Bond 40,  48 

Head,  Sir  Edmund 65 

Heck,  Barbara 69 

Heck,   Paul ^ 69 

Henderson,  R.  S 63 

Herchimer's  Point 14 

Herkimer,   Captain 14 

Herrington,  Walter  S 4,     5 

High  School,   Napanee 54 

Holland 51 

Holland,  Surveyor-General 50,   55 

Hooper,  Augustus  F 53,  66 

Hooper,  Douglas 53,   73 

Hope's  Hall,  Newburgh 65,   66 

Hough  Family 42 

Howard,  Edward 56 

Howard,  Jane 55 

Howard,  Mary 55 

Howard,   Sarah 55 

Howard,   Thomas 55 

Howard,  T.   S 52 

Howe  Island 27 

Hudson  River 7 

Hudson's  Bay  Company 66 

Huyck,  Capt.  J 17 

Illinois  River  56,   57 

Index,  The 61,  62,  63^64,  65,   66 

Indians 19,   20 

Ireland 51,  58,  60,  69,  70,  71,   72 

Irish,  Seth 67 

Irish,  Tillotson 67 

Iroquois  Indians 56 

Isle  of  Tanty 55,  5^,  5^ 

Italy 57 


INDEX.  83 

James,  C.  C , 36,  67 

Japan 54 

Jarvis,  Rev.  Canon 4,  5 

John  Greenway,  Steamer 12 

Johnson,  Samuel ,  50 

Johnson,   Sir  John 20,   28,  58 

Johnson,  Sir  William 58,  60 

Johnston,  James 51 

Johnston,  John 51 

Johnston,  John  J 52 

Johnston,  Robert 52 

Jones,  G 66 

Kaladar 26 

Kaylor,  Frederick 67 

Keene .... 64 

Kemp,  Sir  James ... 9,   10 

Kemp,  Sir  James,  Steamer 10 

Kennedy,  Dr.  R... 52 

Kertk,  David 19 

Kincardine,  Steamer 11 

King  John 62 

King's  Royal  Regiment 13,  29,  30,  41,  45 

Kingston 8,  9,   10,   ii}   14 

15,    16,    21,   24,   25,   26,   27,   30,   31,   35,   36,  39 
40,   42,   44,   45,   51,   55,   56,   61,  63,   64,  68,  71 

Kingston  Road 24,  47,  72 

Kirkpatrick,  Lieut.  Governor  George  K 64 

Kirkpatrick,  Thomas 64,  65 

Knickerbockers 34 

Lanfear,  E.  A . 63 

Langan,  Mr ,  20 

Langhorn,  Rev.  John  15,  30,  32,  41,  43,  55 

Langhorn's  Register 15,  16,  30,  41,  43,  55 

Lang,  Rev 71 

Lake,  Mrs.  Harvey 72 

Lapum,  James 66,  67 

LaSalle 56,  57 

Lasher,  John 52 

Lasher,  M.  B 67 

Leeds  County 28,  70 

Legislative  Assembly 46 

Legislative  Council 46,  65 

Legislature,  First 31,  35,  36 

Leigh,  Mrs.  Charlotte  E 54 

Lennox  and  Addington 12,  18,  23 

27,   28,   31,   36,   37,   38,   39,   42,   44,  62,   64,  72 
Lennox  and  Addington  Historical  Society 5 


84  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY. 

L/eonard,  Dr 59 

Levi,  Belly 15 

Liberal  Party...   23,  39,   64 

Library,  Napanee  Club 5 

Library,  Provincial 39 

Limerick  County 69 

Lloyd,  Charles , 67 

Lloyd,  Mrs.  B.  C 30 

Loborough 70 

Lochhead,  J.  S 5 

Lockwood,   Joseph 25 

London 61,  73 

Louis  XIV.  of  France 56 

Lower  Canada 18,  19,  36,  48,  70 

Loyalists 5 

12,   13,    15,    16,    18,    19,   20,    21,   28,   29,   33,  34 

Lutherans 13 

Lyons,  Rev 45 

Macdonald,  Davidson 54 

Macdonald,  John  A 42,  64,  65 

Macdonald,  Mrs.  Alexander 4 

Macdonell,   John ,  31,  37 

Mackenzie  Government 61 

Mackenzie  Rebellion 22,  40,  48 

Mackenzie,  William  Lyon  22,  25,  48 

Madagascar 19 

Madawasca 26 

Madden  Family 68 

Madden,  John 53 

Magnet,  Steamer n 

Manitoba 66 

Market  Hall 5 

Markland,  Thomas 35 

Marysburgh 55 

Massachusetts 30,    39,  47 

Maxwell,  Major 58 

May,  Rev.  John 54 

Meacham's  Atlas 54 

Membery,  Giles 51 

Metcalf,   James ,  64 

Methodists 13,   14,  38 

45,   46,   5i,   54,   60,   61,   66,   68,   69,   71,   72,  73 

Mexico,  Gulf  of 56 

Meyer's  Creek 15,  42 

Meyers,  Johannes  Walden 15 

Middlesex  Township ~. 70 

Midland  District 8,   12,    14,  27 

Mill  Creek..,                                                             29 


INDEX.  85 

Miller,  Adam 71 

Miller,  Agnes t  t  71 

Miller,   Allen ......  .........  ..    73 

Miller,  Anthony ,  73 

Miller,   Calvin  W .67,  72 

Miller,  Cephas  H 63,  65,  67,  68,  72,  73 

Miller,  Charles ,  ,  72 

Miller,  Christopher 73 

Miller,  Elizabeth ...  71,  73 

Miller,  Garrett 70,  71,  72,  73 

Miller,  George 73 

Miller,  Jacob 70,  71 

Miller,  James  Iy 72 

Miller,   John 71,  72,  73 

Miller,  Julia  Ann 73 

Miller,   I/ydia 73 

Miller,  Martin 71 

Miller,  Mary 73 

Miller,  Mary  Ann ,, 72 

Miller,  Michael 71 

Miller,  Mitchell 73 

Miller,  Palatine 68 

Miller,   Peter  K.  R ,  68,   70,   71,  72,  74 

Miller,  Rev.  Aaron 73 

Miller,  Robert 71 

Miller's  Corners 73 

Miller,  Sidney 72 

Miller,  S.  K 67 

Miller,  W.  H 68,  72 

Miller,  William 72,  73,  74 

Millhaven 29,  39 

Milligan,  Mr 52 

Mink  Family 14 

Mink,  George 14 

Mink,  James 15 

Mink's  Bridge ...  14 

Mink,  Tobias ...  15 

Mississippi  River 56,  57 

Missisquoi,  Oue 7° 

Mitchell  and~Co 49 

Mohawk  Church l6 

Mohawk  Indians 5$ 

Mohawk  River 12,  58 

Mohawk  Valley l6 

Molson,  John 7 

Montray,  W.  H 58,  59 

Montreal 5)     7 

8,     n,     18,   19,  20,     21,  32,  41,  57,  62>  7°,  7i 
Mordoff,  James 43 


86  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Morven 40,  47,  72 

Mott,  Robert 52 

Mount  Cashel,  Earl  of 58 

Murdock,  A.  W 63 

Murdock,  Mrs.  N 42 

Murney,  Edmund 64 

Murray  Canal 8,  n 

McBride,  Daniel 52 

McCarthy,  Rev 45,  46 

McDonagh,  Mrs.  W 72 

McDougall,   Catharine 55 

McDowall  Memorial  Church 44 

McDowall,  Rev.  R 55 

McGill  University 62 

McGuines,  Nancy 55 

McKenty,  Edmund 52 

McKenzie,  Colin 55 

McKenzie,  Duncan 55 

McKenzie,  Elizabeth ...  55 

McKenzie,  Jemima  Margaret '. 55 

McKenzie,  William 55 

McKenzie,  William  C 55 

McKim,  Archibald 74 

McKim,  James 14 

McMullen,  Alexander 55 

McMullen,  Hugh 55 

McMullen,  Jinny 55 

McMullen,  Rosana ! 56 

McNabb,   James 42 

McNabb,  Mrs 43 

McPherson,  Peter 45 

McRitchie,  Rev.  George 54 

Napanee 5 

n,    13,   15,  40,   51,   54,   61,   62,   63,   72,   73,  74 

Napanee  River 12,   13,   73 

Neely,  John 74 

Neilson,  Allan 42 

Nester,  Mary 56 

Neville,   John 70 

Neville,   Margaret 70 

Neville,  Mitchell 67 

Newark 17,   27,   31,   33,   36,   37 

Newburgh 5,   14,   24 

53,   54,   61,   62,    63,   65,   66,   67,   68,   71,   72,  73 

Newburgh  Academy 6r 

Newburgh  Foundry  and  Machine  Shop 53 

New  England 16,   20 


INDEX.  87 

Newfoundland 62 

New  France 56 

New  Jersey 16 

New  York  7,   13,   16,   20.   30,  34,  41,  69,  70 

New  York,  Province  of 21 

New  York  State  33,   58,  69 

Niagara 17,  20,  21,  27,  31,  37,  51 

Noble,  John  D 52 

North  Fredericksburgh , 72 

North  Hastings 44,  64 

Northumberland  28,  29,  36,  37,  38,  41,  42 

North  West  Territories 66 

Nova  Scotia 10,  20,  71 

Novelty,   Steamer n 

O'Bryan,  John ... 55 

Odessa 29 

Ohio  River 56 

Onion  River 29 

Ontario  County  18,  27,  28,  31,  36,  37,  49,  58 

Ontario  Historical  Society .,.  4,  30,  36 

Ontario  lyake  5,   8/21,  51,  57 

Ontario  Province 21,   36,   56,   59,  64 

Osgoode  Hall 18 

Osgoode  Judge 18 

Oswego ...  II 

Oswego  Belle,  Steamer II 

Ottawa 27 

Palatines,  German 69 

Palatines,  Irish 68 

Parkman,   Francis 54,  57 

Parliament,  British 19 

Parliament,   Canadian  ...  22,   27,   33,   34,   49,   64,  72 

Parliament,   First 18,   27,  31,   34,   35,   36,  42 

Parliament,  Second „....  37,  41,  42,  44 

Parliament,  Third ..„ 37,  42-  44 

Parliament,  Fourth 38>  44 

Parliament,  Fifth 38,  44 

Parliament,  Sixth 39,  42,  44 

Parliament,  Seventh u  39 

Parliament,  Eighth 39 

Parliament,  Ninth 4° 

Parliament,  Tenth 4° 

Parliament,   Eleventh 4° 

Parliament,  Twelfth.. 4° 

Parliament,  Thirteenth 40 

Parris  (Indian  Slaves) X9 

Parrott,  Captain 45 


88  LENNOX   AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Passport,  Steamer •. II 

Pearson,  Leonard ;  52 

Pennsylvania 69 

Percy  Township 70 

Permer,   Charles 50 

Perrault,  Madame 20 

Perry,  Daniel 45 

Perry,  David 53 

Perry,    Ebenezer ,  24,    25,   26 

Perry,  Mrs.  Ebenezer 25 

Perry,  Peter  23,  24,  40,  44,  45,  47,  48 

Perry,   Robert 16,  45 

Perry,  William 24 

Peterboro' 64 

Peters,  John ; 37 

Peterson  Family 17 

Peterson,  Wm.  F 52 

Phippen,  Mrs.  Richard 31 

Picton 38,  50,  52,  62,  72,   73 

Piety  Hill 9 

Platt  Farm ,  12 

Pool,  A.  W 50 

Porte,  Capt.   John 12 

Portland  Township 70 

Port  Perry 49 

Port  Royal 19 

Presbyterian  Church 13,   32,  44,   52,   55,   60 

Prescott  8,  9,  10,  51,   63 

Price,  Elias 52 

Price,   Judge  C.  V 61 

Price,  Thomas 67 

Priest,  Ezra  D 52,   67 

Prince  Hdward  County 

18,   27,   28,   33,   34,   36,   37,   38,   41,  44,   50,  72 

Prince  of  Wales,  Steamer 10 

Princess  Royal,  Steamer n 

Protestants 46,   68 

Provincial  Legislature 64 

Pruyn,   Harmen 15 

Pruyn,  Richard 15 

Purdy,  D 67 

Purdy,  Hazard  W 67 

Quakers 33,  34,  37,  3»,  47 

Quarter  Sessions 35 

Quebec  7,   16,   19,   20,   27,   36 

Queen  Charlotte,   Steamer 8,   9,    10,   51 

Queenston 51 

Queen  Victoria,   Steamer II 

Quinte,  Bay  of  5,  8,  10,  II,  2o,  21,  28,  30,  43,   51 


INDEX.  89 

Rebellion  of  1837-8 22,  63 

Reeves,  Rev.  Mr 52 

Reform  Party 

22,   23,   26,   38,   39,   40,   46,  47,  48,   66,  72 

Refugees  of  1783 55 

Registrar,   County 39 

Revolution,   American 13,   21,   28,   29,  34 

Rhine  River 68 

Rhode  Island ....  29 

Rice  Lake 71 

Richards,  John 55 

Richards,   Margaret 30 

Richardson,  Charlotte 55 

Richmond 61 

Riley,  Charles 61 

Robinson,  Christopher 37 

Robinson,  Stephen 52 

Roblin,  Jacob 68 

Roblin,   John 38,  47,  68 

Roblin,  Mrs.  Owen  S 67 

Roblin,   Owen  S 63,  67 

Roblin,  Stephen ...  67,  68 

Rogers,  Charles 52 

Rogers,   David  McGregor 37,  38,  41 

Rogers,  Hudson 52 

Rogers,   Samuel 52 

Rolph,  Dr.  John 48 

Rook,  Richard %  62 

Rose,  Matthias 51 

Ross,  Alexander 45 

Ross,   John  G.  McT 52 

Rothwell,  Rev 54 

Rotterdam 68 

Rouen,  France 56 

Rowse,  John  S 52 

Royal  Canadian  Volunteers 31 

Royal  Mail  Line II 

Royal  William,  Steamboat 8 

Ruttan,  Capt.  Peter 17 

Ruttan,   Dr.  Allan 61,  62 

Sandhurst , 15,  16,  41*  44 

Schools,  Separate 66 

School  Teachers 5 

Scotland n,  32,  5° 

Scott,  Rev.  John 52 

Scott,  Thomas 67 

Scouten,  Michael 74 

Scugog,  Lake 49 


90  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Second  Town t ...  28 

Seigniory,  First  French 56 

Senate,  The 46,  64 

Sessions 35 

Seymour,  Benjamin 42,  43 

Sharp,  David 52 

Sharp,  John 67 

Sharp,  Robert *  52 

Shaw,  Samuel <  ...  53 

Shelbourne 20 

Sherwood,  Samuel 15 

Shibley,  John 51 

Shibley,  William 52 

Shorey,  EHsha 14 

Shorey,  Rufus 14 

Shortt,  Thomas 64 

Sills  Family 42 

Sillsville 41,  42 

Simcoe  Falls 73 

Simcoe  Island 27 

Simcoe,  I/ieut.  Governor... 18,  27,  31,  36 

Simmons,  N 51 

Slave,  Assignment  of 5 

Slavery,  Early 12,  16,  17,  18,   20 

Sloan,  John 30 

Sloan,  Thomas 31 

Smithfield 74 

Smith,  Mr 20,  21 

Smith,  Rev.  T.  W 17,   19 

Smith's  Falls n 

Snider,  Rev 54 

Society  of  Friends 33 

South  Fredericksburgh.. 30,  41,  42,  49 

Sovereign,   Steamer II 

Spencer,  Anna 30 

Spencer,  Augustus 30 

Spencer,  Benjamin 29,  30 

Spencer,   Cecelia 3° 

Spencer,  Hazelton 

16,   18,   28,   29,   30,   31,   32,   35,   36,   42,  44 

Spencer,   John 3° 

Spencer,   Julia 30 

Spencer,  Margaret.... 3° 

Spencer,  Rev.  Canon 30,  32 

Spencer,  Richard 30 

Statutes,  First  in  Upper  Canada 39 

Steamboating 7 

Stein,  Paul 5 

Stevens,  Charles 60 


INDEX.  91. 

Stevenson,  David  B... ,....  ji 

Stickney,  David  B <. 53,  66,  73 

Stinson,   John ;.J. .......  38 

Storms'  Corners 24 

Strachan,   John 32,  46,  47 

Strathcona 13,  73 

Stuart,  Rev.  John 16,  55 

"Sun",  Toronto '5 

Surrogate  Court 12 

Surveys,  First 5 

Sutherland,  Dr.  R.  D...». 52 

Switzer,  Elijah 67 

Switzer,  Klizabeth 70 

Switzer  Family..., 68 

Switzer,  Mary 69 

Switzer,  Mr 60 

Switzer,  Peter 69 

Switzer,  Philip 70 

Switzer's  Church 73 

Switzerville 68,  72 

Syracuse 63,  67 

St.  Andrew's  Church,  Toronto 52 

St.  George's  Church,  Kingston 32 

St.  John's  Church,  Bath 32,  41,  55 

St.  Lawrence  River  8,  9,  21,  31,  51,  56 

St.  Paul's  Church,  Fredericksburgh 32,  44,  55 

St.  Paul's  Church,  Halifax 20 

St.  Paul's  Church,  Sandhurst 16 

Tache-Macdonald  Government 64,  65 

Tackabury's  Atlas 54 

Tamworth 26,  63 

Taylor,  Joseph 53 

Tebout,  Henry 51 

Telegraph,  First 5 

Temperance  House 63 

Third  Town 30,  41,  43 

Thompson,  Capt 20 

Thompson  Timothy 

15,  3i,  37,  39,  4o,  4i,  42,  43,  44 

Thomson,   John 5 

Thomson  Papeftr  Mills 53 

Three  Rivers,  Que 7,  7° 

Thurlow 15 

Ticonderoga , 29 

Tonte,  Prince  de 57 

Tontine...  57 


92  LENNOX    AND    ADDINGTON    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Toronto 5,   8,   10,  n 

15,   18,   27,  37,  41,  43,  51,  54,  64,   67,   71,  72 

Toronto,  Steamer,  City  of n 

Tory  Party 24,  34,  38,  39,  40 

Town  Hall 5 

Trent  Division 64 

Trenton 12,  30 

Trent  River 27 

Trunipour,  Capt.  Paul  ......... 17,  49,  50 

Union  Flouring  and  Grist  Mills 53 

United  Empire  loyalists... 5,   12,   13,   15,   16,  18,   19 
20,  21,  28,  29,  33^  34>  36,  4i>  45>  49,  5°,  54,  55,  68 

United  States  8,  16,  35,  70,  71 

Upper  Canada 

7,    8,   15,    16,     17,    18,     19,   21,   27,  31,  33 
34,  36,  39,  41,  42,  45,  48,  51,  56,  58,  66,  70 

Upper  Canada  Legislature 

10,    16,    17,    18,   31,   40,   4i,   42,   44,  45 

Valantine,  J ....  30 

VanAlstine,   Peter   (Major)...   17,   28,   33,   34,   35,   37 

Vandewaters  Family 42 

Vandyck,   Henry 30 

Varty  Lake...; 70 

Vermont,   State  of 29,   70 

Violet '. 24 

Von  Sholts 63 

Walloon  Settlers 21 

War  of  1812 32,  44,  71 

Warner,  Charles 66 

Warner,  Clarance  M 4,       5 

Washburn,   Ebenezer 38,  51 

Washburn,  Simeon 38 

Watson,  James 5° 

Watson,   J.  J 51 

Watson,  John  Joseph 50 

Wellington 33 

Wells,  Allen  C 63 

Wells,   John  C 63 

Wemp,  Duncan 52 

Werdon,  Mr 30 

Wesleyan  Church ,, 50,   51,  54 

Wesley,  John 69 

Whitby 42,  49 

Willard,  Mrs 43 

Williams,  Richard 67 

Williams,  Robert ". 51 


INDEX.  93 

Wilson,  James... , 38 

Wilson,  Rev.  John  F 66 

Wilson,  Uriah 4,  59,  60 

Wilson,  W.  A 74 

Windmill,   Battle  of 63 

Windsor 62 

Winooskie  River 29 

Wolfe  Island "...27,  56,  57 

Wood  Pulp 5 

Wright,  Edward 41,  52 

Wright,  Solomon 41 

Yarker 5,  73 

York 10,  37,  51 

Young,  Dr.  Daniel... 52 


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