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NATIONAL PARKS

AND
PRINCIPAL RAILROAD CONNECTIONS

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THE

NATIONAL PARKS
PORTFOLIO

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

STEPHEN T. MATHER, Assistant to the Secretary

in Charge of National Parks

THE

NATIONAL PARKS
PORTFOLIO

WASHINGTON

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
1916

The Scribner Pres*:
New York

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

17155

pencraft Library

NATIONAL PARKS PORTFOLIO

INTRODUCTION

build a railroad, reclaim lands, give new impulse to enterprise,
and offer new doors to ambitious capital — these are phases of
the ever-widening life and activity of this Nation. The United
States, however, does more; it furnishes playgrounds to the peo-
,Jple which are, we may modestly state, without any rivals in the world. Just
£as the cities are seeing the wisdom and necessity of open spaces for the chil-
-dren, so with a very large view the Nation has been saving from its domain
rarest places of grandeur and beauty for the enjoyment of the world.

And this fact has been discovered by many only this year. Having an
r incentive in the expositions on the Pacific coast, and Europe being closed,
thousands have for the first time crossed the continent and seen one or more

.of the national parks. That such mountains and glaciers, lakes and canyons,
yforests and waterfalls were to be found in this country was a revelation to
many who had heard but had not believed. It would appear from the ex-
perience of the past year that the real awakening as to the value of these parks
as at last been realized, and that those who have hitherto found themselves
'enticed by the beauty of the Alps and the Rhine and the soft loveliness of the
"^Valleys of France may find equal if not more stimulating satisfaction in the
^mountains, rivers, and valleys which this Government has set apart for them
and for all others.

It may reconcile those who think that money expended upon such luxuries
is wasted — if any such there are — to be told that the sober-minded traffic men
of the railroads estimate that last year more than a hundred million dollars
usually spent in European travel was divided among the railroads, hotels, and
their supporting enterprises in this country.

There is no reason why this nation should not make its public health and
scenic domain as available to all its citizens as Switzerland and Italy make

theirs. The aim is to open them thoroughly by road and trail and give access
and accommodation to every degree of income. In this belief an effort is
making this year as never before to outfit the parks with new hotels which
should make the visitor desire to linger rather than hasten on his journey.
One hotel was built last year on Lake McDermott, in Glacier Park, one is now
building on the shoulder of Mount Rainier, in Paradise Valley, another in the
Valley of the Yosemite with an annex high overhead on Glacier Point, while
more modest lodges are to be dotted about in the obscurer spots to make
accessible the rarer beauties of the inner Yosemite. For, with the new Tioga
Road, which, through the generosity of Mr. Stephen T. Mather and a few
others, the Government has acquired, there is to be revealed a new Yosemite
which only John Muir and others of similar bent have seen. This is a
Yosemite far different from the quiet, incomparable valley. It is a land of
forests, snow, and glaciers. From Mount Lyell one looks, as from an island,
upon a tumbled sea of snowy peaks. Its lakes, many of which have never
been fished, are alive with trout. And through it foams the Tuolumne
River, a water spectacle destined to world celebrity. Meeting obstructions
in its slanting rush, the water now and again rises perpendicularly, forming
upright foaming arcs sometimes fifty feet in height. These "water-wheels,"
a dozen or more in number, soon will be made accessible by trail.

While as the years have passed we have been modestly developing the
superb scenic possibilities of the Yellowstone, nature has made of it the largest
and most populous game preserve in the Western Hemisphere. Its great size,
its altitude, its vast wildernesses, its plentiful waters, its favorable conforma-
tion of rugged mountain and sheltered valley, and the nearly perfect protec-
tion afforded by the policy and the scientific care of the Government have
made this park, since its inauguration in 1872, the natural and inevitable cen-
ter of game conservation for this nation. There is something of significance
in this. It is the destiny of the national parks, if wisely controlled, to
become the public laboratories of nature study for the Nation. And from
them specimens may be distributed to the city and State preserves, as is
now being done with the elk of the Yellowstone, which are too abundant, and
may be done later with the antelope.

If Congress will but make the funds available for the construction of roads
over which automobiles may travel with safety (for all the parks are now open
to motors) and for trails to hunt out the hidden places of beauty and dignity,
we may expect that year by year these parks will become a more precious
possession of the people, holding them to the further discovery of America
and making them still prouder of its resources, esthetic as well as material.

FRANKLIN K. LANE,

. , . Secretary of the Interior.

PRESENTATION

HIS Nation is richer in natural scenery of the first order than any
other nation; but it does not know it. It possesses an empire
of grandeur and beauty which it scarcely has heard of. It owns
the most inspiring playgrounds and the best equipped nature
schools in the world and is serenely ignorant of the fact. In its national
parks it has neglected, because it has quite overlooked, an economic asset of
incalculable value.

The Nation must awake, and it now becomes our happy duty to waken it
to so pleasing and profitable a reality. This portfolio is the morning call to
the day of realization.

Individual features of several of our national parks are known the world
over; but few to whom the Yosemite Valley is a household word know that
its seven wonderful miles are a part of a scenic wonderland of eleven hundred
square miles called the Yosemite National Park. So with the Yellowstone;
all have heard of its geysers, but few indeed of its thirty-three hundred square
miles of wilderness beauty. Some of the finest of our national parks here
pictured you probably have never even heard of. The Sequoia National
Park, a hundred miles south of the Yosemite, one of the noblest scenic areas
in the world, is the home of more than a million sequoias, the celebrated Big
Trees of California; but even its name is known to few. The Crater Lake
National Park incloses the deepest and bluest lake in the world surrounded
by walls of pearly fretted lavas of indescribable beauty — a very wonder spot;
but it is probably least known of all.

The main object of this portfolio, therefore, is to present to the people of
this country a panorama of our principal national parks set side by side for
their study and comparison. Each park will be found highly individual. The
whole will be a revelation.

This is the first really representative presentation of American scenery
of grandeur ever published, perhaps ever made. The selection, which, with
the text and form, is by Robert Sterling Yard, is from photographs col-
lected during a period of many months from all available sources, and rep-
resents the most striking work of many photographers.

The portfolio is dedicated to the American people. It is my great hope
that it will serve to turn the busy eyes of this Nation upon its n :ional parks
long enough to bring some realization of what these pleasure garuens ought to
mean, of what so easily they may be made to mean, to this people.

STEPHEN T. MATHER,

Assistant to the Secretary of the Interior in Charge of National Parks.

CONTENTS

YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 31 Views

The Land of Wonders — Threefold Personality — Geysers Spout and Steaming
Vapors Rise — Many Colored Canyon — Greatest Animal Refuge — Animals
Really at Home — The Paradise of Anglers — Living in the Yellowstone.

YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK 28 Views

Land of Enchantment — The Valley Incomparable — Charm of the Scenic Wild
— Living in the Wilderness — Tioga Road — North of the Valley's Rim — Mad
Waters of Tuolumne — The Everlasting Snows.

SEQUOIA NATIONAL PARK 27 Views

Land of Giant Trees — The Biggest Thing Alive — The Oldest Thing Alive —
Other People's Sequoias — Kings and Kern Canyons — Sierra's Crest and Our
Loftiest Mountain.

MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK 24 Views

The Frozen Octopus — The Giant Rivers of Ice — In an Arctic Wonderland —
Glacier and Wild Flower — Easiest Glaciers to See.

XT ™ ( 2 Diagrams

CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK < rL

( 23 Views

The Lake of Mystery — "The Sea of Silence" — Story of Mount Mazama —
The Legend of Llao — Viewed from the Rim — The Mine of Beauty — Unusual
Fishing — Hotels and Camps.

MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK 27 Views

Cities of the Past — The Story of the Mesas — In the Cliff Dwellings — Dis-
covery of Sun Temple — The Mesa's Little People — The Principal Dwellings
— Summer upon Mesa Verde.

GLACIER NATIONAL PARK 25 Views

An Alpine Paradise — Making a National Park — Its Lakes and Valleys — Com-
fort Among Glaciers — Purchased from Indians — Creatures of the Wild.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK 29 Views

"Top of the World" — Precipice- Walled Gorges — The King and His Kingdom
—Metropolis of Beaverland — Records of the Glaciers — Easy to Reach and See.

GRAND CANYON NATIONAL MONUMENT 24 Views

Colossus of Canyons — By Sunset and Moonrise — Painted in Magic Colors —
Romantic Indian Legend — Masterpiece of Erosion — Powell's Great Adven-
ture— Easy to Reach and to See.

Photograph by J. E. Haynes, St. Paul

OLD FAITHFUL

YELLOWSTONE

NATIONAL PARK

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

Photograph by J. E. Haynes, St. Paul

THE GREAT FALLS OF THE YELLOWSTONE, NEARLY TWICE AS HIGH AS NIAGARA
Below these falls the river enters the gorgeously colored Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone

ANTELOPE

THE LAND OF WONDERS

HE Yellowstone National Park is the largest and most widely cele-
brated of our national parks. It is a wooded wilderness of thirty-
three hundred square miles. It contains more geysers than are
found in the rest of the world together. It has innumerable boil-
ing springs whose steam mingles with the clouds.

It has many rushing rivers and large lakes. It has waterfalls of great
height and large volume. It has fishing waters unexcelled.

It has canyons of sublimity, one of which presents a spectacle of broken
color unequaled. It has areas of petrified forests with trunks standing. It
has innumerable wild animals which have ceased unduly to fear man; in fact,
it is unique as a bird and animal sanctuary.

It has great hotels and many public camps. It has two hundred miles of
excellent roads.

In short, it is not only the wonderland that common report describes; it is
also the fitting playground and pleasure resort of a great people; it is also the
ideal summer school of nature study.

Photograph by George R. King

THE UPPER FALLS OF THE YELLOWSTONE, A FEW MILES BELOW YELLOWSTONE LAKE
Above these falls the rushing river lies nearly level with surrounding country; below it begin the canyons

Photograph by George R. King

CREST OF THE UPPER FALLS

THREEFOLD PERSONALITY

HE Yellowstone is associated in the public mind with geysers only.
Thousands even of those who, watches in hand, have hustled
from sight to sight over the usual stage schedules, bring home
vivid impressions of little else.
There never was a greater mistake. Were there no geysers, the Yellow-
stone watershed alone, with its glowing canyon, would be worth the national
park. Were there also no canyon, the scenic wilderness and its incomparable
wealth of wild-animal life would be worth the national park.

The personality of the Yellowstone is threefold. The hot-water manifes-
tations are worth minute examination, the canyon a contemplative visit, the
park a summer. Dunraven Pass, Mount Washburn, the canyon at Tower
Falls, Shoshone Lake, Sylvan Pass — these are known to very few indeed.
See all or you have not seen the Yellowstone.

Photograph by J. E. Haynes, St. Paul

CASTLE WELL, ONE OF THE INNUMERABLE HOT SPRINGS
These springs, whose marvellously clear water is a deep green, have an astonishing depth

Photograph by Edward S. Curtis

THE CARVED AND FRETTED TERRACES AT MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS
These great white hills, deposited and built up by the hot waters, sometimes envelope forest trees

Photograph by J. E. Haynes, St. Paul

THE GIANT GEYSER, IN MANY RESPECTS THE GREATEST OF ALL
It spouts for an hour at a time, the water reaching a height of 250 feet. Interval, six to fourteen days

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Photograph by ]. E. Haynes, St. Paul

ELECTRIC PEAK, A SUPERB LANDMARK OF THE NORTH SIDE

MANY-COLORED CANYON

ROM Inspiration Point, looking a thousand feet almost vertically
down upon the foaming Yellowstone River, and southward three
miles to the Great Falls, the hushed observer sees spread before
him the most glorious kaleidoscope of color he will ever see in
nature. The steep slopes are inconceivably carved by the frost and the ero-
sion of the ages. Sometimes they lie in straight lines at easy angles, from
which jut high rocky prominences. Sometimes they seem carved from the
side walls. Here and there jagged rocky needles rise perpendicularly like
groups of gothic spires.

And the whole is colored as brokenly and vividly as the field of a kaleido-
scope. The whole is streaked and spotted and stratified in every shade from
the deepest orange to the faintest lemon, from deep crimson through all the
brick shades to the softest pink, from black through all the grays and pearls
to glistening white. The greens are furnished by the dark pines above, the
lighter shades of growth caught here and there in soft masses on the gentler
slopes and the foaming green of the plunging river so far below. The blues,
ever changing, are found in the dome of the sky overhead.

VIEW FROM MOUNT WASHBURN SHOWING YELLOWSTONE LAKE IN DISTANCE

The northern east side is a country of striking and romantic scenery made accessible by excellent roads

^ROUTING IN THE YELLOWSTONE RIVER

One of the great trout rivers of the world. The fish run large. They are taken with spoon and fly

STANDING UPON ARTIST'S POINT, WHICH PUSHES Our ALMOST OVER THE FOAMING RIVER

YOU INTO THE MOST GLORIOUS KALEIDOS'

USAND FEET BELOW, THE INCOMPARABLE CANYON OF THE YELLOWSTONE WIDENS BEFORE
7 COLOR You WILL EVER SEE IN NATURE

THIRTY THOUSAND ELK ROAM THIS SANCTUARY WILDERNESS

Photograph by Schlcchten

IT Is THE NATURAL HOME OF THE CELEBRATED BIGHORN, THE ROCKY-MOUNTAIN SHEEP

Photograph by G. Swanson

DEER MAKE UNEXPECTED SILHOUETTES AT FREQUENT INTERVALS

GREATEST ANIMAL REFUGE

HE Yellowstone National Park is by far the largest and most suc-
cessful wild-animal preserve in the world. Since it was estab-
lished in 1872 hunting has been strictly prohibited, and elk, bear,
deer of several kinds, antelope, bison, moose, and bighorn mountain
sheep roam the plains and mountains in large numbers. Thirty thousand elk,
for instance, live in the park. Antelope, nearly extinct elsewhere, here abound.
These animals have long since ceased to fear man as wild animals do every-
where except in our national parks. While few tourists see them who follow
the beaten roads in the everlasting sequence of stages, those who linger in the
glorious wilderness see them in an abundance that fairly astonishes.

Photograph by S. N. Leek

IN WINTER WHEN THE SNOWS ARE DEEP PARK RANGERS LEAVE HAY IN

CONVENIENT SPOTS

ANIMALS REALLY AT HOME

Photograph by Edward S. Curtis

UNLIKE THE GRIZZLY, THE BROWN BEAR CLIMBS TREES QUICKLY AND EASILY

ERY different, indeed, from the beasts of the after-dinner story
and the literature of adventure are the wild animals of the Yel-
lowstone. Never shot at, never pursued, they are comparatively
as fearless as song-birds nestling in the homestead trees.
Wilderness bears cross the road without haste a few yards ahead of the
solitary passer-by, and his accustomed horses jog on undisturbed. Deer by
scores lift their antlered heads above near thickets to watch his passing. Elk
scarcely slow their cropping of forest grasses. Even the occasional moose,
straying far from his southern wilderness, scarcely quickens his long lope.
Herds of antelope on near-by hills watch but hold their own.

Only the grizzly and the mountain sheep, besides the predatory beasts, still
hide in the fastnesses. But the mountain sheep loses fear and joins the others
in winters of heavy snow when park rangers scatter hay by the roadside.

raph by S. N. Leek.

THE PARADISE OF ANGLERS

HE Yellowstone is a land of splendid rivers. Three watersheds
find their beginnings within its borders. From Yellowstone Lake
flows north the rushing Yellowstone River with its many tribu-
taries; from Shoshone, Lewis, and Heart Lakes flows south the
Snake River; and in the western slopes rise the Madison and its many tribu-
taries. All are trout waters of high degree.

The native trout of this region is the famous cutthroat. The grayling is
native in the Madison River and its tributaries. Others have been planted.

Besides the stream fishing, which is unsurpassed, the lakes, particularly cer-
tain small ones, afford admirable sport.

Photograph by J. E. Haynes, St. Paul

A BIG TROUT FROM SHOSHONE LAKE
The game cutthroat is the commonest trout in the Yellowstone, but there are six other varieties

Photograph by J. E. Haynes

CUTTHROATS FROM ONE TO THREE OR FOUR POUNDS ARE TAKEN IN LARGE NUMBERS
AT THE YELLOWSTONE LAKE OUTLET

YOUNG PELICANS ON PELICAN ISLAND IN YELLOWSTONE LAKE
The Yellowstone pelicans are very large and pure white, a picturesque feature of the park

Photograph by J. E. Haynes, Si. Paul

OLD FAITHFUL INN

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THE MAMMOTH HOTEL

THE LAKE HOTEL
THREE OF THE FIVE LARGE HOTELS IN THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK

Photograph by Shiplers, Salt Lake City

THERE ARE ALSO MORE THAN A DOZEN LARGE PUBLIC CAMPS

HE park has entrances on all four sides. Three have railroad con-
nections; the southern entrance, by way of Jackson's Hole and
past the jagged snowy Tetons, is available for vehicles. The roads
from all entrances enter a central belt road which makes a large
circuit connecting places of special interest.

Five large hotels are located at points convenient for seeing the sights, and
are supplemented by a dozen or more public camps at modest prices.

Transportation companies make the circuit on schedules which carry the
hurried visitor around the park in five days.

' But the day of the unhurried visitor has dawned. If you want to enjoy
your Yellowstone, if, indeed, you want even to see it, you should make your
minimum twice five days; two weeks is better; a month is ideal.

Spend the additional time at the canyon and on the trails. See the lake
and the pelicans. Visit Shoshone Lake. Climb Mount Washburn. Spend a
day at Tower Falls. See Fort Yellowstone at Mammoth Hot Springs. Hunt
wild animals with a camera. Stay with the wilderness and it will repay you a
thousandfold. Fish a little, study nature in her myriad wealth — and live.

The Yellowstone National Park is ideal for camping out. When people rea-
lize this it should quickly become the most lived in, as it already is one of the
most livable, of all our national parks. Remember that the Yellowstone is yours.

THE SOUTH ENTRANCE Is NEAR THE LORDLY TETON RANGE, JUST OVER THE BOUNDARY

THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE

Arranged chronologically in the order of their creation
[Number, 14; Total Area, 7,290 Square Miles]

NATIONAL PARK
and Date

LOCATION

AREA
in
square
miles

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS

HOT SPRINGS RESER-

Middle

46 hot springs possessing curative properties — Many hotels

VATION

Arkansas

and boarding-houses in adjacent city of Hot Springs —

1832

bath-houses under public control.

YELLOWSTONE

North-

3,348

More geysers than in all rest of world together — Boiling

1872

western

springs — Mud volcanoes — Petrified forests — Grand Canyon

Wyoming

of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring —

Large lakes — Many large streams and waterfalls- -Vast

wilderness inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope,

bear, mountain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest

wild bird and animal preserve in world — Altitude 6,000 to

11,000 feet — Exceptional trout fishing.

YOSEMITE

Middle

1,125

Valley of world-famed beauty — Lofty cliffs — Romantic vistas

1890

eastern

— Many waterfalls of extraordinary height — 3 groves of

California

big trees — High Sierra — Large areas of snowy peaks —

Waterwheel falls — Good trout fishing.

SEQUOIA

Middle

237

The Big Tree National Park — 12,000 sequoia trees over 10 feet

1890

eastern

in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in diameter — Towering

California

mountain ranges — Startling precipices — Fine trout fishing.

GENERAL GRANT

Middle

Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 35

1890

eastern

feet in diameter — six miles from Sequoia National Park and

California

under same management.

MOUNT RAINIER

West

324

Largest accessible single-peak glacier system — 28 glaciers,

1899

central

some of large size — Forty-eight square miles of glacier,

Washington

fifty to five hundred feet thick — Remarkable sub-alpine

wild-flower fields.

CRATER LAKE

South-

249

Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano, no

1902

western

inlet, no outlet — Sides 1,000 feet high — Interesting lava for-

Oregon

mations — Fine trout fishing.

MESA VERDE

South-

Most notable and best-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in

1906

western

United States, if not in the world.

Colorado

PLATT

Southern

Sulphur and other springs possessing curative properties —

1906

Oklahoma

Under Government regulations.

GLACIER

North-

1,534

Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character —

1910

western

250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty — ob small glaciers

Montana

— Peaks of unusual shape — Precipices thousands of feet

deep — Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality

— Fine trout fishing.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN

North

358

Heart of the Rockies — Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,250

I9IS

middle

feet altitude — Remarkable records of glacial period.

Colorado

National Parks of less popular interest are:

Sully's Hill, 1904, North Dakota Wooded hilly tract on Devil's Lake.

Wind Cave, 1903, South Dakota Large natural cavern.

Casa Grande Ruin, 1892, Arizona Prehistoric Indian ruin.

HOW TO REACH THE NATIONAL PARKS

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NATIONAL PARKS

AND

PRINCIPAL RAILROAD CONNECTIONS

The map shows the location of all of our National Parks and their principal railroad connections.
The traveler may work out his routes to suit himself. Low round-trip excursion fares to the
American Rocky Mountain region and Pacific Coast may be availed of in visiting the National
Parks during their respective seasons, thus materially reducing the cost of the trip. Trans-
continental through trains and branch lines make the Parks easy of access from all parts of the
United States. For schedules and excursion fares to and between the National Parks write to the
Passenger Departments of the railroads which appear on the above map, as follows:

ARIZONA EASTERN RAILROAD --------------- Tucson, Ariz.

ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA FE RAILWAY ------ - 1119 Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO & NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY ------- 226 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY RAILROAD Co. - ... 547 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.
CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE & ST. PAUL RAILWAY ------- Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111.

COLORADO AND SOUTHERN RAILWAY ------- Railway Exchange Building, Denver, Colo.

DENVER & Rio GRANDE RAILROAD Co. ... - Equitable Building, Denver, Colo.

GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY ----- Railroad Building, Fourth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn.

GULF, COLORADO & SANTA FE RAILWAY ----------- Galveston, Texas.

ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD _..--.--.-_ Central Station, Chicago, 111.
MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILWAY -------- Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo.

NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY - ... Railroad Building, Fifth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn.
SAN PEDRO, Los ANG.ELES & SALT LAKE RAILROAD - Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, Calif.

SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY --------- Flood Building, San Francisco, Calif.

UNION PACIFIC SYSTEM --.„-. Garland Building, 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, 111.
WABASH RAILWAY ----------- Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo.

WESTERN PACIFIC RAILWAY ---------- Mills Building, San Francisco, Calif.

For information about sojourning and traveling within the National Parks write to the Depart
ment of the Interior for the Information circular of the Park or Parks in which you are interested.

REMEMBER THAT

YELLOWSTONE BELONGS TO YO

IT IS ONE OF THE GREAT NATIONAL PLAYGROUNDS OF THE AMERICAN PEOPL1
FOR WHOM IT IS ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

VHBSS or CHARLES SCKIBNEK'S SONS, NEW TOUC

Y
O
S
E
M
I

T
E

DEPARTMENT

OF THE
, INTERIOR

FRANKLIN K. LANE

Secretary

Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury

THE HIGHEST WATERFALL IN THE WORLD — THE YOSEMITE FALLS

The Upper Fall measures 1,430 feet, as high as nine Niagaras. The Lower Fall measures 320 feet.
The total drop from crest to river, including intermediate cascades, is half a mile

Photograph by H. T. Cowling

THE YOSEMITE VALLEY FROM INSPIRATION POINT, SHOWING BRIDALVEIL FALLS

LAND of ENCHANTMENT

HO does not know of the Yosemite Valley ? And yet, how few
have heard of the Yosemite National Park ! How few know that
this world-famous, incomparable Valley is merely a crack seven
miles long in a scenic masterpiece of eleven hundred square miles !
John Muir loved the Valley and crystallized its fame in phrase.
But still more he loved the National Park, which he describes as including
"innumerable lakes and waterfalls and smooth silky lawns; the noblest forests,
the loftiest granite domes, the deepest ice-sculptured canyons, the brightest
crystalline pavements, and snowy mountains soaring into the sky twelve and
thirteen thousand feet, arrayed in open ranks and spiry-pinnacled groups par-
tially separated by tremendous canyons and ampitheaters; gardens on their
sunny brows, avalanches thundering down their long white slopes, cataracts
roaring gray and foaming in the crooked rugged gorges, and glaciers in their
shadowy recesses working in silence, slowly completing their sculptures; new-
born lakes at their feet, blue and green, free or encumbered with drifting ice-
bergs like miniature Arctic Oceans, shining, sparkling, calm as stars."

THE YOSEMITE VALLEY FROM GLACIER POINT
The Upper and Lower Yosemite Falls are here shown in partial profile

Photograph by J, T. Boysen

HALF DOME FROM NEAR WASHINGTON COLUMN
Its summit is 4,892 feet above the floor of the Valley

EARLY MORNING BESIDE MIRROR LAKE
This lake is famous for its reflections of the cliffs. Mount Watkins in the background

Copyrighted, 1910, by J. T. Boystn

EL CAPITAN AT SUNSET
This gigantic rock, whose hard granite resisted the glacier, rises 3,604 feet from the Valley floor

THE VALLEY INCOMPARABLE

Photograph by H. T. Cowling

BEAUTIFUL VERNAL FALLS

HE first view of most
spots of unusual
celebrity often falls
short of expecta-
tion, but this is seldom, if ever,
true of the Yosemite Valley.
The sheer immensity of the
precipices on either side of the
peaceful floor; the loftiness and
the romantic suggestion of the
numerous waterfalls; the maj-
esty of the granite walls; and
the unreal, almost fairy quality
of the ever-varying whole can-
not be successfully foretold.

This valley was once a tor-
tuous river canyon. So rapidly
was it cut by the Merced that
the tributary valleys soon re-
mained hanging high on either
side. Then the canyon became
the bed of a great glacier. It
was widened as well as deepened,
and the hanging character of the
side valleys was accentuated.

This explains the enormous
height of the waterfalls.

The Yosemite Falls, for in-
stance, drops 1,430 feet in one
sheer fall, a height equal to
nine Niagara Falls piled one on
top of the other. The Lower
Yosemite Fall, immediately be-
low, has a drop of 320 feet,
or two Niagaras more. Vernal
Falls has the same height. The
Nevada Falls drops 594 feet
sheer, and the celebrated Bridal-
veil Falls 620 feet. Nowhere
else in the world may be had a
water spectacle such as this.

. >

Photograph by H, Q, Tibbitts

ITS NAME Is SELF-EVIDENT — THE BRIDALVEIL FALLS

"ftsafti

.''vi " tr<V t*

~^~

Photograph by C. H. Hamilton

MIRROR LAKE

A NEARER VIEW OF NEVADA FALLS, LIBERTY CAP ON LEFT

Photograph by A. C. Pillsbury

VERNAL AND NEVADA FALLS AND HALF DOME FROM THE GLACIER POINT TRAIL

Photograph by J. T. Boysen

A BEND IN THE BIG OAK FLAT ROAD

Photograph by A. C. Pill.tbury

THE SHEER IMMENSITY OF THE PRECIPICES ON EITHER SIDE THE VALLEY'S PEACEFUL!

QUALITY OF THE EVER-X A RYE,

ROMANTIC MAJESTY OF THE GRANITE WALLS, AND THE UNREAL, ALMOST FAIRYLIKE
, ATTEST IT INCOMPARABLE

CHARM OF THE SCENIC WILD

Photograph by II. T. Cozvl

THE

GRIZZLY GIANT, THE BIGGEST
YOSEMITE SEQUOIA

UMMER in the Yosemite is
unreal. The Valley, with its
foaming falls dissolving into
mists, its calm forests hiding
the singing river, its enormous granites
peaked and domed against the sky, its
inspiring silence haunted by distant wa-
ter, suggests a dream. One has a sense
of fairyland and the awe of infinity.

Imagine Cathedral Rocks rising
twenty-six hundred feet above the wild
flowers, El Capitan thirty-six hundred
feet, Sentinel Dome four thousand feet,
Half Dome five thousand feet, and
Cloud's Rest six thousand feet ! And
among them the waterfalls !

Even the weather appears impossible;
the summers are warm, but not too
warm; dry, but not too dry; the nights
cold and marvellously starry.

A few miles away are the Big Trees,
not the greatest groves nor the greatest
trees, for those are in the Sequoia Na-
tional Park, a hundred miles south, but
three groves containing monsters which,
next to Sequoia's, are the hugest and th(
oldest living things. Of these the Grizzlj
Giant is king — whose diameter is nearlj
thirty feet, whose girth is over ninety-
nine, and whose height is more than twc
hundred. Their presence commands th<
silence due to worship.

Winter is becoming a feature in the
life of the Valley. Hotels are open to
accommodate an increasing flow of visit-
ors. The falls are still and frozen, the
trees laden with snowy burdens. The
greens have vanished; the winter sun
shines upon a glory of gray and white.

Winter sports are rapidly becoming
popular on the floor of the Valley.

fr''

a**,

.* -mrl"*]

Photograph by II. C. Tibbitts

WINTER IN THE YOSEMITE VALLEY

ograph by H. C. Tibbitts

SKIING IN THE YOSEMITE VALLEY

Winter sports are rapidly becoming popular on the floor of the Valley

LIVING IN THE WILDERNESS

Copyrighted, 1910, by J. T. Boy sen

WHO'S COMING ?

IVING is comfortable in the
Yosemite. Four roomy public
camps, two excellent hotels,
and several new lodges offer
the visitor a choice of kind and price.
New hotels are building to replace the old.
Other lodges are planned for regions far
from the Valley.

These improved conditions begin the
larger development of the Yosemite Na-
tional Park which the Department of the
Interior has planned so long and so care-
fully. It has there inaugurated a model
policy for all the national parks. The
Yosemite is reached from Merced.

The Yosemite is an excellent place to
camp out. One may have choice of many
kinds of mountain country. Nearly every-
where the trout fishing is exceptionally
fine. Camping outfits may be rented and
supplies purchased in the Valley. Garages
for motorists and rest-houses for trampers
will be found at convenient intervals.

TIOGA ROAD

Copyrighted, 1910, by J. T. Boy sen

WOOF!

BOVE the north rim of the
valley the old Tioga Road,
which the Department of the
Interior acquired in 1915 am
put into good condition, crosses the parl
from east to west, affording a new route
across the Sierra and opening to the pul
lie for the first time the magnificent scenic
region in the north.

The Tioga Road was built in 1881 to
mine soon after abandoned. For years it
has been impassable. It is now the gat<
way to a wilderness heretofore accessible
only to campers.

NORTH OF THE VALLEY'S RIM

EFORE the restored Tioga Road pointed the way to the mag-
nificent mountain and valley area constituting the northern half
of the Yosemite National Park, this pleasure paradise was known
to none except a few enthusiasts who penetrated its wilderness
year after year with camping oufits.

This is the region of rivers and lakes and granite domes and brilliantly
polished glacial pavements. The mark of the glacier is seen on every hand.
It is the region of small glaciers, remnants of a gigantic past, of which there
are several in the park. It is the region of rock-bordered glacier lakes of
which there are more than two hundred and fifty. It is the region, above all,
of small, rushing rivers and of the roaring, foaming, twisting Tuolumne.

From the base of the Sierra crest, born of its snows, the Tuolumne River
rushes westward roughly paralleling the Tioga Road. Midway it slants
sharply down into the Tuolumne Canyon forming in its mad course a water
spectacle destined some day to world fame.

Photograph by H. C. Tibbi

TIOGA ROAD SCENERY

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o
Q

ffi

u.
o

o
s

•- E
« H

O
OQ

H
w

K
H

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U.

Photograph by W. L. Huber

THE HIGH SIERRA: VIEW OF MOUNT RITTER FROM KUNA CREST

Photograph by Herbert W. Gleason

BEAUTIFUL ROGERS LAKE AND REGULATION PEAK IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE PARK

Photograph by W. L. Huber

THE WATERWHEEL BELOW CALIFORNIA FALLS

MAD WATERS of TUOLUMNE

ONE but the hardiest climbers have clambered down the Grand
Canyon of the Tuolumne and seen its leaping waters.

Here the river, slanting sharply, becomes, in John Muir's
phrase, "one wild, exulting, onrushing mass of snowy purple bloom
spreading over glacial waves of granite without any definite channel, gliding in
magnificent silver plumes, dashing and foaming through huge boulder dams, leap-
ing high in the air in wheel-like whirls, displaying glorious enthusiasm, tossing
from side to side, doubling, glinting, singing in exuberance of mountain energy."

Photograph by A. C, Pillsbury

A PAIR OF TUOLUMNE WATERWHEELS

THE EVERLASTING SNOWS

Photograph by W. L. Huber

ASCENDING MOUNT LYELL

UMMITS of perpetual
snow are, for most Amer-
icans, a new association
with Yosemite. But the
region's very origin was that Sierra
whose crest peaks on the park's eastern
boundary still shelter in shrunken old
age the once all-powerful glaciers.

Excelsior, Conness, Dana, Kuna,
Blacktop, Lyell, Long — from the com-
panionship of these great peaks de-
scended the ice-pack of old and de-
scend to-day the sparkling waters of
the Tuolumne and the Merced.

From their great summits the
climber beholds a sublime wilderness of
crowded, towering mountains, a con-
trast to the silent, uplifting Valley as
striking as mind can conceive. Ever-
lasting snows fill the hollows between
the peaks and spatter their jagged gran-
ite sides. The glaciers feed innumer-
able small lakes.

Photograph by W. L. Huber

CROSSING SNOW HUMMOCKS IN THE ASCENT OF MOUNT LYELL

Arranged chronologically in the order of their creation
[Number, 14; Total Area, 7,290 Square Miles]

NATIONAL PARK
and Date

LOCATION

AREA
in
square
miles

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS

HOT SPRINGS RESER

Middle

46 hot springs possessing curative properties — Many hotels

VATION

Arkansas

and boarding-houses in adjacent city of Hot Springs —

1832

bath-houses under public control.

YELLOWSTONE

North-

3,348

More geysers than in all rest of world together — Boiling

1872

western

springs — Mud volcanoes — Petrified forests — Grand Canyon

Wyoming

of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring —

Large lakes — Many large streams and waterfalls — Vast

wilderness inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope,

bear, mountain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest

wild bird and animal preserve in world — Altitude 6,000 to

11,000 feet — Exceptional trout fishing.

YOSEMITE

Middle

1,125

Valley of world-famed beauty — Lofty cliffs — Romantic vistas

1890

eastern

— Many waterfalls of extraordinary height — 3 groves of

California

big trees — High Sierra — Large areas of snowy peaks —

Waterwheel falls — Good trout fishing.

SEQUOIA

Middle

237

The Big Tree National Park — 12,000 sequoia trees over 10 feet

1890

eastern

in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in diameter — Towering

California

mountain ranges — Startling precipices — Fine trout fithing.

GENERAL GRANT

Middle

Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 35

1890

eastern

feet in diameter — six miles from Sequoia National Park and

California

under same management.

MOUNT RAINIER

West

324

Largest accessible single-peak glacier system — 28 glaciers,

1899

central

some of large size — Forty-eight square miles of glacier,

Washington

fifty to five hundred feet thick — Remarkable sub-alpine

wild-flower fields.

CRATER LAKE

South-

249

Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano, no

1902

western

inlet, no outlet — Sides 1,000 feet high — Interesting lava for-

Oregon

mations — Fine trout fishing.

MESA VERDE

South-

Most notable and best-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in

1906

western

United States, if not in the world.

Colorado

PLATT

Southern

Sulphur and other springs possessing curative properties —

1906

Oklahoma

Under Government regulations.

GLACIER

North-

1,534

Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character —

1910

western

250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty — 60 small glaciers

Montana

— Peaks of unusual shape — Precipices thousands of feet

deep — Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality

— Fine trout fishing.

) ROCKY MOUNTAIN

North

358

Heart of the Rockies — Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,250

I9IS

middle

feet altitude — Remarkable records of glacial period.

Colorado

National Parks of less popular interest are:

[Sully's Hill, 1904, North Dakota Wooded hilly tract on Devil's Lake.

|Wind Cave, 1903, South Dakota Large natural cavern.

Casa Grande Ruin, 1892, Arizona . . Prehistoric Indian ruin. '

HOW TO REACH THE NATIONAL PARKS

NATIONAL PARKS

AND

PRINCIPAL RAILROAD CONNECTIONS

ARIZONA EASTERN RAILROAD --------------- Tucson, Ariz.

ATCHISON, TOPEKA tc SANTA FE RAILWAY ------ - 1119 Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO & NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY ------- 226 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY RAILROAD Co. - 547 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE & ST. PAUL RAILWAY ------- Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111.

COLORADO AND SOUTHERN RAILWAY ------- Railway Exchange Building, Denver, Colo.

DENVER & Rio GRANDE RAILROAD Co. ------- Equitable Building, Denver, Colo.

GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY ----- Railroad Building, Fourth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn.

GULF, COLORADO & SANTA FE RAILWAY ----------- Galveston, Texas.

ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD ----------- Central Station, Chicago, 111.

MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILWAY -------- Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo.

NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY - Railroad Building, Fifth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn.

SAN PEDRO, Los ANGELES & SALT LAKE RAILROAD - Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, Calif.

SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY --------- Flood Building, San Francisco, Calif.

UNION PACIFIC SYSTEM ------ Garland Building, 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, 111.

WABASH RAILWAY ----------- Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo.

WESTERN PACIFIC RAILWAY ---------- Mills Building, San Francisco, Calif.

For information about sojourning and traveling within the National Parks write to the Depart
ment of the Interior for the Information circular of the Park or Parks in which you are interested

REMEMBER THAT

YOSEMITE BELONGS TO YOU

IT IS ONE OF THE GREAT NATIONAL PLAYGROUNDS OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
FOR WHOM IT IS ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOF

FRBtt OF CHAKLES SCKIBNBIt'S SONS, NEW YORK

THE BIG TREE NATIONAL PARK
THE

SEQUOIA

NATIONAL PARK

Photograpk by A. C. PiUsbury

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

Photograph by Rodney L. Glisan

VIEW OF THE BIG ARROYO FROM SAWTOOTH PEAK

Photograph by U. S. Geological Survey

IT Is THE IDEAL PARK FOR CAMPING

LAND OF GIANT TREES

ATURE'S forest masterpiece is John Muir's designation of the
giant tree after which is named the Sequoia National Park in
middle eastern California. Here, within an area of two hundred
and thirty-seven square miles, are found several large groves of
the celebrated Sequoia gigantea, popularly known as the Big Tree of California.
More than a million of these trees grow within the park's narrow confines,
many of them mere babes of a few hundred years, many sturdy youths of a
thousand years, many in the young vigor of two or three thousand years, and
a few in full maturity. The principal entrance is Visalia, California.

Half a dozen miles away is the General Grant National Park, whose four
square miles were set apart because they contained the General Grant Tree,
second only in size and age to the patriarch of all, the General Sherman Tree.

On Sequoia's favored slopes grow other monsters, also. It is the park of
big trees of many kinds; and it is the park of birds.

The Sequoia National Park is the gateway to one of the grandest scenic
areas in this or any other land. Over its borders to the north and east lies a
land of sublime nobility whose wild rivers and tortuous canyons, whose glacier-
carved precipices and vast snowy summits culminating in the supreme alti-
tude of Whitney, will make it some day surpassed in celebrity by none.

THE BIGGEST THING ALIVE

Photograph by Lindley Eddy

THE GENERAL SHERMAN TREE
The largest and oldest living thing in all the world

F the 1,156,000 se-
quoias, young and
old, which form
these groves, twelve
thousand exceed ten feet in di-
ameter. Muir states that a
diameter of twenty feet and a
height of two hundred and
seventy-five is perhaps the
average for mature and favor-
ably situated trees, while trees
twenty-five feet in diameter and
approaching three hundred in
height are not rare.

But the greatest trees have
astonishing dimensions:

General Sherman: diameter,
36.5 feet; height, 279.9 feet-

General Grant: diameter, 35
feet; height, 264 feet.

Abraham Lincoln: diameter,
31 feet; height, 270 feet.

California: diameter, 30 feet;
height, 260 feet.

George Washington: diam-
eter, 29 feet; height, 255 feet.

A little effort will help you
realize these dimensions. Meas-
ure and stake in front of a
church the diameter of the Gen-
eral Sherman Tree. Then stand
back a distance equal to the
tree's height. Raise your eyes
slowly and imagine this huge
trunk rising in front of the
church. When you reach a point
in the sky forty-five degrees up
from the spot on which you
stand you will have the tree's
height were it growing in front
of your church.

THE .OLDEST THING " "ALIVE

••

HE General Sherman
Tree is the oldest
living thing. At the
birth of Moses it
was probably a sapling. Its
exact age cannot be determined
without counting the rings, but
it is probably in excess of thirty-
five hundred years. This looks
back long before the beginning
of human history. When Christ
was born it was a lusty youth
of fifteen hundred summers.

There are many thousands
of trees in the Sequoia National
Park which were growing thrift-
ily when Christ was born; hun-
dreds which were flourishing
while Babylon was in its prime;
several which antedated the pyr-
amids on the Egyptian desert.

John Muir counted four

[thousand rings on one prostrate

jgiant. This tree probably

sprouted while the Tower of

Babel was still standing.

The sequoia is regular and
symmetrical in general form.
Its powerful, stately trunk is
purplish to cinnamon brown
and rises without a branch a
hundred or a hundred and fifty
feet — which is as high or higher
than the tops of most forest
trees. Its bulky limbs shoot
boldly out on every side. Its
foliage, the most feathery and
delicate of all the conifers, is
jdensely massed.

The wood is almost inde-
structible except by fire.

Photograph by W. L. Huber

THE GENERAL GRANT TREE
Second in size and age only to the General Sherman

Tree

Photograph by George F. Belden

'DEEP IN THE WOODY WILDERNESS"

OTHER PEOPLE'S SEQUOIAS

T was to preserve these trees from destruction that Congress cre-
ated the national park in 1890; and yet, with the one exception
of the General Sherman Tree, the greatest trees and all the finest
groups of greater trees in the Giant Forest, the grove of largest
trees, are not the property of the nation but of individuals. The park was
created out of public lands without provision for acquiring the private hold-
ings that happened to lie within its boundaries.

What the park's creation, therefore, has done for most of the oldest and
largest sequoias is merely to make it unprofitable to cut and market them.

But owners cannot be expected to forego profit when, with the park's in-
evitably increasing popularity, these holdings acquire earning ability. Once
visitors begin to throng the park, no law can prevent the fencing of these Big
Tree clumps for the charging of admissions; nor can the public welfare control
the kind and appearance of the hostelries which some day surely will be built be-
neath some of our greatest sequoias, nor even stop the raising of spiral stairways
round their great trunks to lookouts and lunch platforms among their branches.

The time has come for public-spirited citizens to combine subscriptions to
save them, under the provision of the Sundry Civil Act of March 3, 1915 (38
U. S. Stat. 863), which authorizes the Secretary of the Interior "to accept
patented land or other right of way whether over patented or other land in
the Sequoia National Park that may be donated for park purposes."

VISTAS OF THE GIANT FOREST
Many of these trees were growing thriftily when Christ was born

Photograph by Lindley Eddy

ALTA PEAK FROM MORO ROCK

Photograph by H. C. Tibbitts

ALTA MEADOWS NEAR THE GIANT FOREST

Photograph by Lindley Eddy

SUNSET FROM THE RIM OF MARBLE FORK CANYON

Photograph by C. H. Hamilton

THE SIERRA CLUB IN CAMP

Photograph by H. C. Tibbitts

THE CELEBRATED KINGS RIVER CANYON

Photograph by H, C. Tibbitts

KAWEAH PEAKS NEAR THE CANYON OF THE KERN

Photograph by H. C. Tibbitls

MIDDLE FORK OF THE KINGS RIVER

Photograph by H. C. Tibbitls

UNIVERSITY PEAK FROM KEARSARGE PASS

Photograph by Lindley Eddy

THE FA

This trunk measures 288 feet. Sequoia wood is almost indest

•/-I

GIANT

fire. This tree may have been prostrate for many centuries

AN AGED JUNIPER
Sequoia is the park of big trees of many kinds; and it is the park of birds

"THE GREATER SEQUOIA"

NE cannot think or speak of the Sequoia National Park without
including the extraordinary scenic country lying beyond its bound-
aries to the north and east. Not that there is much in common
between the two, for the park marks the supremacy of forest lux-
uriance and the outlying country the supremacy of rock-sculptured canyon
and snowy summit.

And yet there is the common note of supremacy, each of its own kind.
And there is the common note of continuity, for, from the lowest valley
of the wooded park to the peak of our loftiest height, Mount Whitney, na-
ture's painting runs the gamut. The parts are indivisible; to separate them
is to cut in two the canvas of the Master.

And so it is that those who know this land of exuberant climax have come
to call it "The Greater Sequoia" in order to express not the part limited by
the park's official title but the whole as God made it.

There is a bill now before Congress to enlarge the park boundaries so that
they shall inclose it all.

Photograph by II. C. Tibbitts

THE GOLDEN TROUT CREEK

The trout caught in this stream are brilliantly golden. They are found nowhere else in the -world except

where transplanted from this stream

* •-

"*•»

Photograph by H. C. Tibbitts

SCENE ON ROCK CREEK, ONE OF THE FINEST TROUT STREAMS IN AMERICA

Photograph by J. N. LeConte

TEHIPITE DOME, 3000 FEET SHEER ABOVE THE KINGS RIVER

KINGS AND KERN CANYONS

ELL outside the park's boundaries and overlooking it from the
east, the amazing, craggy Sierra gives birth in glacial chambers
to two noble rivers. A hundred thousand rivulets trickle from
the everlasting snows; ten thousand resultant brooks roar down
the rocky slopes; hundreds of resultant streams swell their turbulent, trout-
haunted currents.

One of these rivers, the Kings, flows west, paralleling the northern boundary
of the park. The other, the Kern, flows south, paralleling its eastern boundary.
The Kings River Canyon and the Canyon of the Kern are practically
matchless for the wild quality of their beauty and the majesty of their setting.
The traveler goes home to plan his return, for this is a country whose peculiar
charm lays an enduring clutch upon desire. "The Greater Sequoia" has few
visitors yet — but they are worshippers.

Unlike many areas of extreme rocky character, this is not specially difficult
to travel; it curiously adapts itself to trails. It is an ideal land for the camper.
But one must go well equipped. There must be good guides, good horses,
and plenty of warm clothing. The difference here between a good and an in-
different equipment is the difference between satisfaction and misery.

Photograph by C. H. Hamilton

ARMY PASS IN JULY; ON THE CREST OF THE SIERRA ABOUT TEN MILES SOUTH OF

MOUNT WHITNEY

HERE THE SIERRA HAS MASSED HER MOUNTAINS; TUMBLED THEM WILFULLY,
RECKLESSLY, INTO ONE TITANIC, SPRAWLING HEAP

*3 ^ ^ ~ r (

15 >, £ OJ <i3

'^"^. ^ QJ ^

b«r* •"— ' 3

4-> P-^ O

THE SUMMIT OF MOUNT WHITNEY, NEARLY THREE MILES HIGH

Photograph by Emerson Hough

SUMMIT OF MOUNT WHITNEY. THE STONE SHELTER ON MOUNT WHITNEY'S SUMMIT

THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE

Arranged chronologically in the order of their creation
[Number, 14; Total Area, 7,290 Square Miles]

NATIONAL PARK
and Date

LOCATION

AREA
in
square
miles

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS

HOT SPRINGS RESER-

Middle

46 hot springs possessing curative properties — Many hotels

VATION

Arkansas

and boarding-houses in adjacent city of Hot Springs —

1832

bath-houses under public control.

YELLOWSTONE

North-

3,348

More geysers than in all rest of world together — Boiling

1872

western

springs — Mud volcanoes — Petrified forests — Grand Canyon

Wyoming

of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring —

Large lakes — Many large streams and waterfalls— Vast

wilderness inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope,

bear, mountain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest

wild bird and animal preserve in world — Altitude 6,000 to

11,000 feet — Exceptional trout fishing.

YOSEMITE

Middle

1,125

Valley of world-famed beauty — Lofty cliffs — Romantic vistas

1890

eastern

— Many waterfalls of extraordinary height — 3 groves of

California

big trees — High Sierra — Large areas of snowy peaks —

Waterwheel falls — Good trout fishing.

SEQUOIA

Middle

237

The Big Tree National Park — 12,000 sequoia trees over IO feet

1890

eastern

in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in diameter— Towering

California

mountain ranges — Startling precipices — Fine trout fishing.

GENERAL GRANT

Middle

Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 35

1890

eastern

feet in diameter — six miles from Sequoia National Park and

California

under same management.

MOUNT RAINIER

West

324

Largest accessible single-peak glacier system — 28 glaciers,

1899

central

some of large size — Forty-eight square miles of glacier,

Washington

fifty to five hundred feet thick — Remarkable sub-alpine

wild-flower fields.

CRATER LAKE

South-

249

Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano, no

1902

western

inlet, no outlet — Sides 1,000 feet high — Interesting lava for-

Oregon

mations — Fine trout fishing.

MESA VERDE

South-

Most notable and best-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in

1906

western

United States, if not in the world.

Colorado

PLATT

Southern

Itf

Sulphur and other springs possessing curative properties —

1906

Oklahoma

Under Government regulations.

GLACIER

North-

1,534

Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character —

1910

western

250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty — 60 small glaciers

Montana

— Peaks of unusual shape — Precipices thousands of feet

deep — Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality

— Fine trout fishing.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN

North

358

Heart of the Rockies — Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,250

I9IS

middle

feet altitude — Remarkable records of glacial period.

Colorado

National Parks of less popular interest are:

Sully's Hill, 1904, North Dakota Wooded hilly tract on Devil's Lake.

Wind Cave, 1903, South Dakota Large natural cavern.

Casa Grande Ruin, 1892, Arizona Prehistoric Indian ruin.

HOW TO REACH THE NATIONAL PARKS

Y/ * V'°

%^n=VW

( AND

PRINCIPAL RAILROAD CONNECTIONS

ARIZONA EASTERN RAILROAD --------------- Tucson, Ariz.

ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA FE RAILWAY - - - - - - - 1119 Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO & NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY ------- 226 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY RAILROAD Co. - 547 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE & ST. PAUL RAILWAY ------- Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111.

COLORADO AND SOUTHERN RAILWAY ------- Railway Exchange Building, Denver, Colo.

DENVER & Rio GRANDE RAILROAD Co. ------- Equitable Building, Denver, Colo.

GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY ----- Railroad Building, Fourth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn.

GULF, COLORADO & SANTA FE RAILWAY ---------- - Galveston, Texas.

ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD ---.._.---- Central Station, Chicago, 111.

MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILWAY -------- Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo.

NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY - Railroad Building, Fifth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn.

SAN PEDRO, Los ANGELES & SALT LAKE RAILROAD - Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, Calif.

SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY --------- Flood Building, San Francisco, Calif.

UNION PACIFIC SYSTEM ------ Garland Building, 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, 111.

WABASH RAILWAY ----------- Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mp.

WESTERN PACIFIC RAILWAY ---------- Mills Building, San Francisco, Calif.

For information about sojourning and traveling within the National Parks write to the Depart-
ment of the Interior for the Information circular of the Park or Parks in which you are interested.

REMEMBER THAT

IT IS ONE OF THE GREAT NATIONAL PLAYGROUNDS OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
FOR WHOM IT IS ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

PRIM OF CHAKLXS SCKIBNER'S SONS, NEW TOXX

MOUNT

RAINIER

NATIONAL PARK

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary]

Photograph by Curtis y Mille

A RIPPLING RIVER OF ICE 1,000 FEET THICK FLOWING FROM THE SHINING SUMMIT
Looking from a wild-flower slope down upon the celebrated Nisqually Glacier and up at Columbia Crest

Phototraph by Curtis y Miller

ENTRANCE TO MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK

THE FROZEN OCTOPUS

ROM the Cascade Mountains in Washington rises a series of vol-
canoes which once blazed across the sea like giant beacons. To-
day, their fires quenched, they suggest a stalwart band of Knights
of the Ages, helmeted in snow, armored in ice, standing at parade
upon a carpet patterned gorgeously in wild flowers.

Easily chief of this knightly band is Mount Rainier, a giant towering
14,408 feet above tide-water in Puget §ound. Home-bound sailors far at sea
mend their courses from his silver summit.

This mountain has a glacier system far exceeding in size and impressive
beauty that of any other in the United States. From its snow-covered summit
twenty-eight rivers of ice pour slowly down its sides. Seen upon the map,
as if from an aeroplane, one thinks of it as an enormous frozen octopus stretch-
ing icy tentacles down upon every side among the rich gardens of wild flowers
and splendid forests of firs and cedars below.

/'holograph by Curtis W Miller

ABOVE EVERY CURVE OF THE PARADISE ROAD LOOMS THE GREAT WHITE MOUNTAIN

Photograph by CuYtis y Milter

FROM UNDER THE SHADOWY FIRS OF VAN TRUMP PARK IT GLISTENS STARTLINGLY

Photograph by Curtis if Miller

LOOKING INTO A GREAT CREVASSE IN THE STEVENS GLACIER
Crevasses are caused by the swifter motion of the middle than the sides. This ice is 1,000 feet deep

THE GIANT RIVERS OF ICE

VERY winter the moisture-laden winds from the Pacific, suddenly
cooled against its summit, deposit upon Rainier's top and sides
enormous snows. These, settling in the mile-wide crater which
was left after a great explosion in some prehistoric age carried
away perhaps two thousand feet of the volcano's former height, press with
overwhelming weight down the mountain's sloping sides.

Thus are born the glaciers, for the snow under its own pressure quickly
hardens into ice. Through twenty-eight valleys self-carved in the solid rock
flow these rivers of ice, now turning, as rivers of water turn, to avoid the
harder rock strata, now roaring over precipices like congealed water falls,
now rippling, like water currents, over rough bottoms, pushing, pouring re-
lentlessly on until they reach those parts of their courses where warmer air
turns them into rivers of water.

There are forty-eight square miles of these glaciers.

Photograph by Curtis y Miller

SNOUT OF NISQUALLY GLACIER WHERE THE NISQUALLY RIVER BEGINS
The melting begins miles up under the ice. Most glaciers, like the Nisqually, ends in an ice cave

Photograph by Curtis y Miller

CLOSE TO THE SUMMIT OF MOUNT RAINIER

Photograph by Curtis y Miller

LEAVING CAMP OF THE CLOUDS FOR THE SUMMIT

Nearly every day parties start for the long hard tramp up the glaciers to Columbia Crest. The climbers
must dress warmly, paint their fac°s and hands to protect the skin from sunburn, and cat sparingly.
Dark glasses must be worn. I' ."one Lut the hardy mountain climbers attempt thij arduous uar.:;>

IN AN ARCTIC WONDERLAND

OUNT RAINIER

is nearly three miles
high measured from
sea-level. It rises
nearly two miles from its im-
mediate base. Once it was a
finished cone like the famous
Fujiyama, the sacred mountain
of Japan. Then it was probably
16,000 feet high. Indian leg-
ends tell of the great eruption
which blew its top off.

In addition to the twenty-
eight named glaciers there are
others yet unnamed and little
known. Few visitors have
seen the wonderful north side,
a photograph of which will be
found on a later page. It pos-
sesses endless possibilities for
development and easy grades to
Columbia Crest, the wonderful
snow-covered summit which, un-
til Mount Whitney was meas-
ured, was considered the highest.
Many interesting things
might be told of the glaciers
were there space. For example,
several species of minute insects
live in the ice, hopping about
like tiny fleas. They are harder
to see than the so-called sand-
fleas at the seashore because
much smaller. Slender, dark-
brown worms live in countless
millions in the surface ice.
Microscopic rose-colored plants
also thrive in such great num-
bers that they tint the surface
here and there, making what is
commonly called "red snow."

Photograph by Curtis & Miller

COASTING AT PARADISE VALLEY

Photograph by Curtis \3 Miller

ONE OF THE GREAT SPECTACLES OF AMERICA Is MOUNT RAINIER, FROM INDIAN HENRY'.']

NG GROUND, GLISTENING AGAINST THE SKY AND PICTURED AGAIN IN MIRROR LAKE

GLACIER AND WILD FLOWER

ROBABLY no glacier of large size in the world is so quickly, easily,
and comfortably reached as the most striking and celebrated,
though by no means the largest, of Mount Rainier's, the Nisqually
^ Glacier. It descends directly south from the snowy summit in a
long curve, its lower finger reaching into park-like glades of luxuriant wild
flowers. From Paradise Park one may step directly upon its fissured surface.

The Nisqually Glacier is five miles long and, at Paradise Park, is half
a mile wide. Glistening white and fairly smooth at its shining source on the
mountain's summit, its surface here is soiled with dust and broken stone and
squeezed and rent by terrible pressure into fantastic shapes. Innumerable
crevasses, or cracks many feet deep, break across it caused by the more rapid
movement of the glacier's middle than its edges; for glaciers, like rivers of
water, develop swifter currents nearer midstream.

Professor Le Conte tells us that the movement of Nisqually Glacier in sum-
mer averages, at midstream, about sixteen inches a day. It is far less at the
margins, its speed being retarded by the friction of the sides.

Like all glaciers, the Nisqually gathers on its surface masses of rock with
which it strews its sides just as rivers of water strew their banks with logs and
floating debris. These are called lateral moraines, or side moraines. Some-
times glaciers build lateral moraines miles long and over a thousand feet high.
The Nisqually ice is more than a thousand feet thick in places.

The rocks which are carried in midstream to the end of the glacier and
dropped when the ice melts are called the terminal moraine.

The end, or snout, of the glacier thus always lies among a great mass of
rocks and stones. The Nisqually River flows from a cave in the end of the
Nisqually Glacier's snout, for the melting begins several miles up-stream under
the glacier. The river is dark brown when it first appears because it carries
sediment and powdered rock which, however, it soon deposits, becoming clear.

But this brief picture of the Mount Rainier National Park would miss its
loveliest touch without some notice of the wild-flower parks lying at the base,
and often reaching far up between the icy fingers, of Mount Rainier.

"Above the forests," writes John Muir, the celebrated naturalist, "there
is a zone of the loveliest flowers, fifty miles in circuit and nearly two miles
wide, so closely planted and luxurious that it seems as if nature, glad to make
an open space between woods so dense and ice so deep, were economizing the
precious ground and trying to see how many of her darlings she can get to-
gether in one mountain wreath — daisies, anemones, columbine, erythroniums,
larkspurs, etc., among which we wade knee-deep and waist-deep, the bright
corollas in myriads touching petal to petal. Altogether this is the richest
subalpine garden I have ever found, a perfect flower elysium."

Photograph by Curtis W Miller

MOUNT ADAMS FROM MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK. — FORTY MILES SOUTHWARD

Q
2
«J

§ «

O 8

K n_

E— I. O

* ^

^ -8

5 Q
« ^

Photograph by Curtis y Miller

BEAUTIFUL PARADISE VALLEY SHOWING THE TATOOSH RIDGE

Photograph by Curtis Esf Miller

TlMBER-LlNE AND FLOWER FlELDS IN BEAUTIFUL PARADISE VALLEY

THE ROADS LEAD TO THE GLACIERS THROUGH FORESTS OF FIR AND CEDAR

CRATER LAKE (UNFORTUNATELY NAMED) A NORTH-SIDE GEM OF BEAUTY

Photograph by Curtis y Miller

THE ROADS ARE ADMIRABLE

EASIEST GLACIERS TO SEE

!§HE Mount Rainier National Park is so accessible that one may
get a brief close-by glimpse in one day. The new railroad slogan,
"Four hours from Tacoma to the Glaciers," tells the story.

But no one unless under dire necessity should think of being so
near one of the greatest spectacles in nature without sparing several days for
a real look; several weeks is none too long. Thousands of Americans in nor-
mal years go to Switzerland to see glaciers much harder to reach and far less
satisfactory to study.

An excellent road will carry the visitor by auto-stage from the railway
terminus to the several comfortable hotels and camps, most of which are so
located that the principal scenic points on the south side may be easily reached.
Pedestrians and horseback riders also follow trails through the gorgeous
wild-flower parks, Paradise Valley, Indian Henry's Hunting Ground, Van
Trump Park, Cowlitz Park, Ohanapecosh River and its hot springs, Summer-
land, Grand Park, Moraine Park, Elysian Fields, Spray Park, Natural Bridge,
Cataract Basin, St. Andrews Park, Glacier Basin, and others; developing new
points of view of wonderful glory.

Photograph by Curtis fcf Miller

NATIONAL PARK INN

THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE

Arranged chronologically in the order of their creation
[Number, 14; Total Area, 7,290 Square Miles]

NATIONAL PARK
and Date

LOCATION

AREA
in
square
miles

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS

HOT SPRINGS RESER-

Middle

46 hot springs possessing curative properties — Many hotels

VATION

Arkansas

and boarding-houses in adjacent city of Hot Springs —

1832

bath-houses under public control.

YELLOWSTONE

North-

3,348

More geysers than in all rest of world together — Boiling

1872

western

springs — Mud volcanoes — Petrified forests — Grand Canyon

Wyoming

of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring —

Large lakes — Many large streams and waterfalls — Vast

wilderness inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope,

bear, mountain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest

wild bird and animal preserve in world — Altitude 6,000 to

1 1, coo feet — Exceptional trout fishing.

YOSEMITE

Middle

1,125

Valley of world-famed beauty — Lofty cliffs — Romantic vistas

1890

eastern

— Many waterfalls of extraordinary height — 3 groves of

California

big trees — High Sierra — Large areas of snowy peaks —

Waterwheel falls — Good trout fishing.

SEQUOIA

Middle

237

The Big Tree National Park — 12,000 sequoia trees over 10 feet

1890

eastern

in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in diameter — Towering

California

mountain ranges — Startling precipices — Fine trout fishing.

GENERAL GRANT

Middle

Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 35

1890

eastern

feet in diameter — six miles from Sequoia National Park and

California

under same management.

MOUNT RAINIER

West

324

Largest accessible single-peak glacier system — 28 glaciers,

1899

central

some of large size — Forty-eight square miles of glacier,

Washington

fifty to five hundred feet thick — Remarkable sub-alpine

wild-flower fields.

CRATER LAKE

South-

249

Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano, no

1902

western

inlet, no outlet — Sides 1,000 feet high — Interesting lava for-

Oregon

mations — Fine trout fishing.

MESA VERDE

South-

Most notable and best-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in.

1906

western

United States, if not in the world.

Colorado

PLATT

Southern

Sulphur and other springs possessing curative properties —

1906

Oklahoma

Under Government regulations.

GLACIER

North-

1,534

Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character —

1910

western

250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty — 60 small glaciers

Montana

— Peaks of unusual shape — Precipices thousands of feet

deep — Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality

— Fine trout fishing.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN

North

358

Heart of the Rockies — Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,250

I9IS

middle

feet altitude — Remarkable records of glacial period.

Colorado

National Parks of less popular interest are:

Sully's Hill, 1904, North Dakota Wooded hilly tract on Devil's Lake.

Wind Cave, 1903, South Dakota Large natural cavern.

Casa Grande Ruin, 1892, Arizona Prehistoric Indian ruin.

HOW TO REACH THE NATIONAL PARKS

=/5a&*3r^;?K

NATIONAL PARKS

------- Tucson, Ariz.

- 1 1 19 Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111.

- 226 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.
547 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

- - - Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111.
Railway Exchange Building, Denver, Colo.

Equitable Building, Denver, Colo.

ARIZONA EASTERN RAILROAD -------

ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA FE RAILWAY -

CHICAGO & NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY - - - - -

CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY RAILROAD Co. -
CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE & ST. PAUL RAILWAY -
COLORADO AND SOUTHERN RAILWAY - - - - -

DENVER & Rio GRANDE RAILROAD Co. .'•-.'.. D, ,

GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY ----- Railroad Building, Fourth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn.

GULF, COLORADO & SANTA FE RAILWAY ----------- Galveston, Texas.

ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD ........... Central Station, Chicago, 111.

MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILWAY -------- Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo.

NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY - Railroad Building, Fifth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn.

SAN PEDRO, Los ANGELES & SALT LAKE RAILROAD - Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, Calif.

SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY --------- Flood Building, San Francisco, Calif.

UNION PACIFIC SYSTEM -..-.. Garland Building, 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, 111.
WABASH RAILWAY ----------- Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mp.

WESTERN PACIFIC RAILWAY -..------. Mills Building, San Francisco, Calif.

For information about sojourning and traveling within the National Parks write to the Depart-
ment of the Interior for the Information circular of the Park or Parks in which you are interested.

REMEMBER THAT

MOUNT RAINIER BELONGS TO YOU

IT IS ONE OF THE GREAT NATIONAL PLAYGROUNDS OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
FOR WHOM IT IS ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FKHB N> •MAM.K SCMBNBK'S S»NS, MW T*MK

CRATER
LAKE

NATIONAL PARK

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

Photograph by Fred H, Kiser, Portland, Oregon

LOOKING INTO ITS VAST DEPTHS Is LIKE LOOKING INTO THE LIMITLESS SKY

Photograph by H. T. Cowling

THE PHANTOM SHIP — STRANDED ON A MAGIC SHORE

THE LAKE OF MYSTERY

RATER LAKE is the deepest and the bluest lake in the world.
It measures two thousand feet of solid water, and the intensity
of its color is unbelievable even while you look at it. Its cliffs
from sky-line to surface are a thousand feet high. It has no in-
let and no visible outlet, for it occupies the hole left when, in the dim ages
before man, a volcano collapsed and disappeared within itself.

It is a gem of wonderful color in a setting of pearly lavas relieved by patches
of pine green and snow white — a gem which changes hue with every atmospheric
change and every shift of light.

There are crater lakes in other lands; in Italy, for instance, in Germany,
India, and Hawaii. The one lake of its kind in the United States is by far
the finest of its kind in the world. It is one of the most distinguished spots
in a land notable for the nobility and distinction of its scenery.

Crater Lake lies in southern Oregon. The volcano whose site it has
usurped was one of a "noble band of fire mountains which, like beacons, once
blazed along the Pacific Coast." Because of its unique character and quite
extraordinary beauty it was made a national park in 1902.

Photograph by H. T. Cowling

THE SUN PLAYS WONDERFUL TRICKS WITH LIGHTS AND SHADOWS

"THE SEA OF SILENCE"

EARLY every visitor to Crater Lake, even the most prosaic,
describes it as mysterious. To those who have not seen it, the
adjective is difficult to analyze, but the fact remains.

The explanation may lie in Crater Lake's remarkable color
scheme. The infinite range of grays, silvers, and pearls in the carved and
fretted lava walls, the gleaming white of occasional snow patches, the olives
and pine greens of woods and mosses, the vivid, cloud-flecked azure of the
sky, and the lake's thousand shades of blue, from the brilliant turquoise of its
edges to the black blue of its depths of deepest shadow, strike into silence
the least impressionable observers. "The Sea of Silence," Joaquin Miller
calls Crater Lake.

With changing conditions of sun and air, this amazing spectacle changes
key with the passing hours; and it is hard to say which is its most rapturous
condition of beauty, that of cloudless sunshine, or that of twilight shadow;
or of what intermediate degree, or of storm or of shower or of moonlight or
of starlight. At times, the scene changes magically while you watch.

Photograph by H. T. Cowling

PLAYING A THREE-POUND TROUT FROM THE ROCKY SHORE

Photograph by Fred H. Kiscr, Portland, Oregon

A POEM IN GRAYS AND GREENS AND UNBELIEVABLE BLUES

Photograph by Fred H. Kiser, Portland, Oregon

CLIFFS OF A THOUSAND PEARLY HUES FANTASTICALLY CARVED

MfMazama. **>v.

STORY OF MOUNT MAZAMA

EW of the astonishing pictures which geology has restored for us
of this world in its making are so startling as that of Mount
Mazama, which once reared a smoking peak many thousands of
feet above the present peaceful level of Crater Lake. There
were many noble volcanoes in the range: Mount Baker, Mount Rainier,
Mount Adams, Mount St. 'Helens, Mount Lassen, Mount Mazama, Mount
Hood, Mount Shasta. Once their vomitings built the great Cascade Moun-
tains. To-day, cold and silent, they stand wrapped in shining armor of ice.

But not all. One is missing. Where Mount Mazama reared his noble
head, there is nothing — until you climb the slopes once his foothills, and gaze
spellbound over the broken lava cliffs into the lake which lies magically where
once he stood. The story of the undoing of Mount Mazama, of the birth of
this wonder lake, is one of the great stories of the earth.

Mount Mazama fell into itself. It is as if some vast cavern formed in
the earth's seething interior into which the entire volcano suddenly slipped.
The imagination of Dore might have reproduced some hint of the titanic
spectacle of the disappearance of a mountain fifteen thousand feet in height.

When Mount Mazama collapsed into this vast hole, leaving clean cut the
edges which to-day are Crater Lake's surrounding cliffs, there was instantly
a surging back. The crumbling lavas were forced again up the huge chimney.

But not all the way. The vent became jammed. In three spots only did
the fires emerge again. Three small volcanoes formed in the hollow.

But these in turn soon choked and cooled. During succeeding ages
springs poured their waters into the vast cavity, and Crater Lake was born.
Its rising waters covered two of the small volcanic cones. The third still
emerges. It is called Wizard Island.

':• '

s^te>w

*S^

' •. i"?»- «

Photograph by Fred H. Kiser, Portland, Oregon

SUNSET

THE LEGEND OF LLAO

CCORDING to the legend of the Klamath and Modoc Indians
the mystic land of Gaywas was the home of the great god Llao.
His throne in the infinite depths of the blue waters was sur-
rounded by his warriors, giant crawfish able to lift great claws
out of the water and seize too venturesome enemies on the cliff tops.

War broke out with Skell, the god of the neighboring Klamath Marshes.
Skell was captured and his heart used for a ball by Llao's monsters. But
an eagle, one of Skell's servants, captured it in flight, and a deer, another of
Skell's servants, escaped with it; and Skell's body grew again around his liv-
ing heart. Once more he was powerful, and once more he waged war against
the God of the Lake.

Then Llao was captured; but he was not so fortunate. Upon the highest
cliff his body was torn into fragments and cast into the lake, and eaten by
his own monsters under the belief that it was Skell's body. But when Llao's
head was thrown in, the monsters recognized it and would not eat it.

Llao's head still lies in the lake, and white men call it Wizard Island.
And the cliff where Llao was torn to pieces is named Llao Rock.

Photograph by Fred H. Kiser, Portland, Oregon

OFTEN THE TREES ARE AS GNARLED AND KNOTTED AS THE CLIFFS THEY GROW ON

Photograph by H. T. Cowling

GENERAL VIEW ACROSS CRATER LAKE NEAR SENTINEL ROCK, SHOW
These cliffs vary from a thousand to twelve hundred feet high, occasionally rising to two thousand fed

NORTHERN SHORE LINE, WITH RED COVE IN THE MIDDLE DISTANCE

, The first effect of a view across the lake is to fill the observer with awe and a deep sense of mystery

Photograph by H . T. Cowling

LOOKING DOWN INTO THE CRATER OF WIZARD ISLAND

VIEWED FROM THE RIM

EVERAL days may profitably be spent upon the rim of the lake
which one may travel afoot or on horseback. The endless vari-
ety of lava formations and of color variation may be here studied
to the best advantage.
The temperature of the water has been the subject of much investigation.
The average observations of years show that, whatever may be the surface
variations, the temperature of the water below a depth of three hundred feet
continues approximately 39 degrees the year around. This disposes of the
theory that the depths of the lake are affected by volcanic heat.

"Apart from its attractive scenic features," writes J. S. Diller of the United
States Geological Survey, "Crater Lake affords one of the most interesting
and instructive fields for the study of volcanic geology to be found anywhere
in the world. Considered in all its aspects, it ranks with the Grand Canyon
of the Colorado, the Yosemite Valley, and the Falls of Niagara, but with an
individuality that is superlative."

Photograph by Fred II. Kiser, Portland, Uregun

SAND CREEK, SHOWING PINNACLES RESULTING FROM EROSION

RATER LAKE is seen in its glory from a launch. One may float
for days upon its surface without sating one's sense of delighted
surprise; for all is new again with every change of light. The
Phantom Ship, for instance, sometimes wholly disappears. Now
it is there, and a few minutes after, with new slants of light, it is gone — a
phantom indeed. So it is with many headlands and ghostlike palisades.

This lake was not discovered until 1853. Eleven Californians had under-
taken once more the search for the famous, perhaps fabulous, Lost Cabin Mine.
For many years parties had been searching the Cascades; again they had
come into the Klamath region. With all their secrecy their object became
known, and a party of Oregonians was hastily organized to stalk them and

Photograph by Fred H. Kiser

THE FAVORITE WAY TO SEE THE SCULPTURED CLIFFS Is FROM A MOTOR-BOAT

share their find. The Californians
discovered the pursuit and divided
their party. The Oregonians did
the same. It became a game of
hide-and-seek. When provisions
were nearly exhausted and many
of both parties had deserted, they
joined forces.

"Suddenly we came in sight
of water," writes J. W. Hillman,
then the leader of the combined
party; "we were much surprised,
as we did not expect to see any
lakes and did not know but that
we had come in sight of and close
to Klamath Lake. Not until my
mule stopped within a few feet
of the rim of Crater Lake did I
look down, and if I had been rid-
ing a blind mule I firmly believe
I would have ridden over the edge
to death."

It is interesting that the dis-
coverers quarrelled on the choice
of a name, dividing between Mys-
terious Lake and Deep Blue Lake.
The advocates of Deep Blue Lake
won the vote, but in 1869 a visit-
ing party from Jacksonville re-
named it Crater Lake, and this,
by natural right, became its title.

UNUSUAL FISHING

This magnificent body of cold
fresh water originally contained
no fish of any kind. A small crus-
tacean was found in its waters in
large numbers, the suggestion, no
doubt, upon which was founded
the Indian legend of the gigantic
crawfish which formed the body-
guard of the great god Llao.

Photograph by Fred H. Kiser

TROUT RUN FROM ONE TO Six POUNDS

In 1888 Will G. Steel brought trout fry from a ranch forty miles away,
but no fish were seen in the lake for more than a dozen years. Then a few
were taken, one of which was fully thirty inches long.

Since then trout have been taken in ever-increasing numbers. They are best
caught by fly casting from the shore. For this reason the fishing is not always
the easiest. Often the slopes are not propitious for casting. One has to climb
upon outlying rocks to reach the waters of best depth. But the results
usually justify the effort. The trout range from one to ten pounds in weight.

Anglers of experience in
western fishing testify
that, pound for pound,
the rainbow trout taken
in the cold deep waters of
Crater Lake are the hard-
est-fighting trout of all.
Many fish are also
taken from rowboats.
A trolling spoon will
often lure large fish.

HOTELS AND
CAMPS

Partly because it is
off the main line of trav-
el, but chiefly because
its unique attractions
are not yet weK known,
Crater Lake has been
seen by comparatively
few. Under concession
from the Department of
the Interior, a comfort-
able camp is operated
five miles from the lake,
and a newly completed
hotel and camp on the
lake's rim. The hotel
is built of the stone of
the neighborhood and is
fully equipped with
baths. Tents may be
had for those who prefer

Photograph by H. T. Cowling

CAMPING Our BACK OF THE RIM camping.

Photograph by H. T. Cowling

AT THE FOOT OF THE TRAIL FROM CRATER LAKE LODGE

CRATER LAKE LODGE ON THE RIM, 1,000 FEET ABOVE THE LAKE

The lounge occupies the entire ground floor of the center segment of the building, is 40 by 60 feet, without
a pillar or post, and contains what is said to be the largest fireplace in the State of Oregon

Photograph by Fred H. Kistr, Portland, Oregon

ACROSS THE LAKE FROM THE RIM ROAD

THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE

Arranged chronologically in the order of their creation
[Number, 14; Total Area, 7,290 Square Miles]

NATIONAL PARK
and Date

LOCATION

AREA
in
square
miles

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS

HOT SPRINGS RESER-

Middle

46 hot springs possessing curative properties — Many hotels

VATION

Arkansas

and boarding-houses in adjacent city of Hot Springs —

1832

bath-houses under public control.

YELLOWSTONE

North-

3,348

More geysers than in all rest of world together — Boiling

1872

western

springs — Mud volcanoes — Petrified forests — Grand Canyon

Wyoming

of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring —

Large lakes — Many large streams and waterfalls — Vast

wilderness inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope,

bear, mountain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest

wild bird and animal preserve in world — Altitude 6,000 to

11,000 feet — Exceptional trout fishing.

YOSEMITE

Middle

1,125

Valley of world-famed beauty — Lofty cliffs — Romantic vistas

1890

eastern

— Many waterfalls of extraordinary height — 3 groves of

California

big trees — High Sierra — Large areas of snowy peaks —

Waterwheel falls — Good trout fishing.

SEQUOIA

Middle

237

The Big Tree National Park — 12,000 sequoia trees over 10 feet

1890

eastern

in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in diameter — Towering

California

mountain ranges — Startling precipices — Fine trout fishing.

GENERAL GRANT

Middle

Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 35

1890

eastern

feet in diameter — six miles from Sequoia National Park and

California

under same management.

MOUNT RAINIER

West

324

Largest accessible single-peak glacier system — 28 glaciers,

1899

central

some of large size — Forty-eight square miles of glacier,

Washington

fifty to five hundred feet thick — Remarkable sub-alpine

wild-flower fields.

CRATER LAKE

South-

249

Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano, no

1902

western

inlet, no outlet — Sides 1,000 feet high — Interesting lava for-

Oregon

mations — Fine trout fishing.

MESA VERDE

South-

Most notable and best-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in

1906

western

United States, if not in the world.

Colorado

PLATT

Southern

Sulphur and other springs possessing curative properties —

1906

Oklahoma

Under Government regulations.

GLACIER

North-

i,S34

Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character —

1910

western

250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty — 60 small glaciers

Montana

— Peaks of unusual shape — Precipices thousands of feet

deep — Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality

— Fine trout fishing.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN

North

358

Heart of the Rockies — Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,250

1915

middle

feet altitude — Remarkable records of glacial period.

Colorado

National Parks of less popular interest are:

Sully's Hill, 1904, North Dakota Wooded hilly tract on Devil's Lake.

Wind Cave, 1903, South Dakota Large natural cavern.

Casa Grande Ruin, 1892, Arizona Prehistoric Indian ruin.

HOW TO REACH THE NATIONAL PARKS

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ARIZONA EASTERN RAILROAD - - - - -
ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA FE RAILWAY
CHICAGO & NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY - - -
CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY RAILROAD Co.
CHICAGO, .MILWAUKEE & ST. PAUL RAILWAY
COLORADO AND SOUTHERN RAILWAY - - - -
DENVER & Rio GRANDE RAILROAD Co.
GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY -
GULF, COLORADO & SANTA FE RAILWAY
ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD
MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILWAY

------- Tucson, Ariz.

- 1 1 19 Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111.
- 226 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.
547 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.
------- Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111.

- - - - Railway Exchange Building, Denver, Colo.

------ Equitable Building, Denver, Colo.

- Railroad Building, Fourth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn.
---------- Galveston, Texas.

------- Central Station, Chicago, 111.

Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo.

NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY - Railroad Building, Fifth and Jackson Streets, St. Paul, Minn.

SAN PEDRO, Los ANGELES & SALT LAKE RAILROAD - - - Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, Calif.
SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY ----____- Flood Building, San Francisco, Calif.

UNION PACIFIC SYSTEM ------ Garland Building, 58 East Washington Street, Chicago, 111.

WABASH RAILWAY ----------- Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mp.

WESTERN PACIFIC RAILWAY ---------- Mills Building, San Francisco, Calif.

For information about sojourning and traveling within the National Parks write to the Depart-
ment of the Interior for the Information circular of the Park or Parks in which you are interested.

REMEMBER THAT

CRATER LAKE BELONGS TO YOU

IT IS ONE OF THE GREAT NATIONAL PLAYGROUNDS OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
FOR WHOM IT IS ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

rXBSS OP CHARLES SCIUBNHR'S SONS, NBW YORK

THE

MESA VERDE

NATIONAL PARK

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary

GOVERNMENT ROAD TO THE CELEBRATED PREHISTORIC RUINS
Showing the woods whjch justify the title Mesa Verde (Green Mesa)

YESTERDAY AND TO-DAY

CITIES OF THE PAST

NE December day in 1888 Richard and Alfred Wetherell, searching
for lost cattle on the Mesa Verde, near their home at Mancos,
Colorado, pushed through dense growths on the edge of a deep
canyon and shouted aloud in astonishment. Across the canyon,
tucked into a shelf under the overhanging edge of the opposite brink, were the
walls and towers of what seemed to them a palace. They named it Cliff Palace.
Forgetting the cattle in their excitement, they searched the edge of the
mesa in all directions. Near by, under the overhanging edge of another can-
yon, they found a similar group, no less majestic, which they named Spruce
Tree House because a large spruce grew out of the ruins.

Thus was discovered the most elaborate and best-preserved prehistoric ruins
in America, if not in the world.

A careful search of the entire Mesa Verde in the years following has resulted
in many other finds of interest and importance. In 1906 Congress set aside
the region as a national park. Even yet its treasures of antiquity are not all
known. A remarkable temple to the sun was unearthed in 1915.

THE EXPLORATION OF NEWLY DISCOVERED RUINS OFTEN REQUIRES MUCH HARD AND

EVEN PERILOUS CLIMBING

Photograph by Mrs. C. R. Miller

MANY GATHERED NIGHTLY AROUND THE CAMPFIRE TO HEAR DR. FEWKES TELL THE

STORY OF THE ANCIENT PEOPLE

THE STORY OF THE MESAS

HOSE who have travelled through our Southwestern States have
seen from the car window innumerable mesas or isolated plateaus
rising abruptly for hundreds of feet from the bare and often arid
plains. The word mesa is Spanish for table.
Once the level of these mesa tops was the level of all of this vast South-
western country, but the rains and floods of centuries have washed away the
softer earths down to its present level, leaving standing only the rocky spots
or those so covered with surface rocks that the rains could not reach the softer
gravel underneath.

The Mesa Verde, or green mesa (because it is covered with stunted cedar
and pinyon trees in a land where trees are few), is perhaps most widely known.
The Mesa Verde is one of the largest mesas. It is fifteen miles long and
eight miles wide. At its foot are masses of broken rocks rising from three hun-
dred to five hundred feet above the bare plains. Above these rise the cliffs.
The cliff dwellings nestle under its overhanging cliffs near the top.

IN THE CLIFF DWELLINGS

IFE must have been difficult in this dry country when the Mesa
Verde communities flourished in the sides of these sandstone cliffs.
Game was scarce and hunting arduous. The Mancos River yielded
a few fish. The earth contributed berries or nuts. Water was
rare and found only in sequestered places near the heads of the canyons. Nev-
ertheless, the inhabitants cultivated their farms and raised their corn, which
they ground on flat stones called metates. They baked their bread on flat
stone griddles. They boiled their meat in well-made vessels, some of which
were artistically decorated.

Their life was difficult, but confidently did they believe that they were
dependent upon the gods to make the rain fall and the corn grow. They
were a religious people who worshipped the sun as the father of all and the
earth as the mother who brought them all their material blessings. They pos-
sessed no written language and could only record their thoughts by a few sym-
bols which they painted on their earthenware jars or scratched on the rocks.

As their sense of beauty was keen, their art, though primitive, was true;
rarely realistic, generally symbolic. Their decoration of cotton fabrics and
ceramic work might be called beautiful, even when judged by the highly devel-
oped taste of to-day. They fashioned axes, spear points, and rude tools of
stone; they wove sandals and made attractive basketry.

They were not content with rude buildings and had long outgrown the
caves that satisfied less civilized Indians farther north and south of them.

The photographs of Cliff Palace on the following three pages will show not
only the protection afforded by the overhanging cliffs but the general scheme
of community living.

The population was composed of a series of units, possibly clans, each of
which had its own social organization more or less distinct from the others.
Each had ceremonial rooms, called kivas. Each also had living-rooms and
storerooms. There were twenty-three social units or clans in Cliff Palace.

The kivas were the rooms where the men spent most of the time devoted
to ceremonies, councils, and other gatherings. The religious fraternities were
limited to the men of a clan.

CLIFF PALACE Is THE MOST CELEBRATED OF THE MESA VERDE RUINS BECAUSE IT Is THE

LARGEST AND MOST PROMINENT

TERRACES AT THE SOUTHERN END OF CLIFF PALACE

Photograph by Arthur Chapman

THE SQUARE TOWER OF CLIFF PALACE

Photograph by Arthur Chapman

THE ROUND TOWER OF CLIFF PALACE

EXCAVATING SUN TEMPLE ON Tol

Sun Temple, discovered in the summer of 1915, marks a far advance toward civilization. Its masonry u

- Mesa Veis

MESA OPPOSITE CLIFF PALACE

in constructive principles. Its walls are embellished with carvings. Architecturally it represents

I.est type

CONSTRUCTIVE DETAIL OF SOUTH WALL, SUN TEMPLE

DISCOVERY OF SUN TEMPLE

NTIL the summer of 1915 no structures had been discovered in
the Mesa Verde except those of the cliff-dwelling type. Then the
Department of the Interior explored a mound on the top of the
mesa opposite Cliff Palace and unearthed Sun Temple. Dr. J.
Walter Fewkes, who conducted the exploration, believes that this was built
about 1300 A. D. and marks the final stage in Mesa Verde development.

Sun Temple was a most important discovery. It marked a long advance
toward civilization. It occupied a commanding position convenient to many
large inhabited cliff dwellings. Its masonry showed growth in the art of con-
struction. Its walls were embellished by geometrical figures carved in rock.

A fossil palm leaf, which the Cliff Dwellers supposed to be a divinely
carved image of the sun, is embedded in the temple's walls.

DRAWING SHOWING CONSTRUCTIVE DETAIL OF SUN TEMPLE

STONES FROM SUN TEMPLE COVERED WITH GEOMETRICAL AND EMBLEMATICAL DESIGNS

THE MESA'S LITTLE PEOPLE

NDIANS of to-day shun the ruins of the Mesa Verde. They be-
lieve them inhabited by spirits whom they call the Little People.
It is vain to tell them that the Little People were their own an-
cestors; they refuse to believe it.
When the national park telephone line was building in 1915 the Indians
were greatly excited. Coming to the Supervisor's office to trade, they shook
their heads ominously.

The poles wouldn't stand up, they declared. Why ? Because the Little
People wouldn't like such an uncanny thing as a telephone.

But poles were standing, the Supervisor pointed out. All right, the Indians
replied, but wait. The wires wouldn't talk. Little People wouldn't like it.

The poles were finally all in and the wires strung. What was more, the
wires actually did talk and are still talking.

Never mind, say the Indians, with unshaken faith. Never mind. Wait.
That's all. It will come. The Little People may stand it — for a while. But
wait. The Supervisor is still waiting.

SPRUCE TREE HOUSE HIDES UNDER A HUGE OVERHANGING CLIFF

THE PRINCIPAL DWELLINGS

LIFF PALACE is the most celebrated of the Mesa Verde ruins
because it is the largest and most prominent. Others are no less
interesting and important. Spruce Tree House is next in size;
Balcony House and Peabody House are equally well preserved.
There are many others; some which have yet to be thoroughly explored; prob-
ably some still undiscovered.

Cliff Palace is three hundred feet long; Spruce Tree House two hundred and
sixteen. Cliff Palace contained probably two hundred rooms; Spruce Tree
House a hundred and fourteen. Spruce Tree House originally had three stories,
Its population was probably three hundred and fifty.

The Round Tower in Cliff Palace is an object of unusual interest, but the
ceremonial kivas, or religious rooms, in all the communities are usually round
and often were entered from below.

A subterranean entrance to Cliff Palace was recently discovered.

ENTRANCE TO LOWER FLOORS, SPRUCE TREE HOUSE

Photograph by Arthur Chapman

SPRUCE TREE HOUSE AFTER RESTORATION BY DR. FEWKES

Photograph by Mrs. C. R. Miller

PHOTOGRAPHING ONE OF THE ROOMS AT BALCONY HOUSE

Photographs by J. L. Nusbaum

TYPICAL SKULLS OF PREHISTORIC MAN FOUND IN THE MESA VERDE

These skulls show an unusual breadth as compared with Indians of to-day, though of the same ethnological

type. Nordenskiold concludes that the race was fairly robust, with heavy skeletons and strong

muscular processes. The facial bones are well developed and lower jaw heavy

VERDE NATIONAL PARK is in the extreme southwestern
corner of Colorado and is reached by two routes from Denver. A
night is usually spent en route, and the ruins are reached by
wagon, horseback, or automobile from Mancos.
Apart from the ruins, the country is one of much beauty and interest. The
highest spot on the Mesa is Point Lookout, 8,428 feet in altitude. The mesa's
western edge is a fine blufF two thousand feet above the Montezuma Valley
whose irrigation lakes and brilliantly green fields are set off nobly against the
distant Rico Mountains. To the west are the La Salle and Blue Mountains
in Utah, with Ute Mountain in the immediate foreground.

The views are inspiring, the entire country "different." In the spring the en-
tire region blooms. It used to be a country of wild animals and at times deer are
still plentiful. There is a thoroughly comfortable hotel near Spruce Tree House.
One of the unusual attractions of last summer was the unearthing of the
great mound which covered Sun Temple. Dr. Fewkes maintained a camp near
the mound and lectured almost nightly to those who gathered around his camp-
fire. The same informal custom will probably be resumed during this and suc-
ceeding summers while the exploration of other suggestive mounds is progressing.

THE INTERIOR OF A SACRED KIVA

Photograph by Mrs. C. R. Miller

STONE CHAIRS FOUND AT THE CLIFF PALACE

THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE

Arranged chronologically in the order of their creation
[Number, 14; Total Area, 7,290 Square Miles]

NATIONAL PARK
and Date

LOCATION

AREA
in
square
miles

DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS

HOT SPRINGS RESER-

Middle

46 hot springs possessing curative properties — Many hotels

VATION

Arkansas

and boarding-houses in adjacent city of Hot Springs —

1832

bath-houses under public control.

YELLOWSTONE

North-

3,348

More geysers than in all rest of world together — Boiling

1872

western

springs — Mud volcanoes — Petrified forests — Grand Canyon

Wyoming

of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring —

Large lakes — Many large streams and waterfalls — Vast

wilderness inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope,

bear, mountain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest

wild bird and animal preserve in world — Altitude 6,000 to

11,000 feet — Exceptional trout fishing.

YOSEMITE

Middle

1,125

Valley of world-famed beauty — Lofty cliffs — Romantic vistas

1890

eastern

— Many waterfalls of extraordinary height — 3 groves of

California

big trees — High Sierra — Large areas of snowy peaks —

Waterwheel falls — Good trout fishing.

SEQUOIA

Middle

237

The Big Tree National Park — 12,000 sequoia trees over 10 feet

1890

eastern

in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in diameter — Towering

California

mountain ranges — Startling precipices — Fine trout fishing.

GENERAL GRANT

Middle

Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 35

1890

eastern

feet in diameter — six miles from Sequoia National Park and

California

under same management.

MOUNT RAINIER

West

324

Largest accessible single-peak glacier system — 28 glaciers,

1899

central

some of large size- — Forty-eight square miles of glacier,

Washington

fifty to five hundred feet thick — Remarkable sub-alpine

wild-flower fields.

CRATER LAKE

South-

249

Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano, no

1902

western

inlet, no outlet — Sides 1,000 feet high — Interesting lava for-

Oregon

mations — Fine trout fishing.

MESA VERDE

South-

Most notable and best-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in

1906

western

United States, if not in the world.

Colorado

PLATT

Southern

Sulphur and other springs possessing curative properties —

1906

Oklahoma

Under Government regulations.

GLACIER

North-

1,534

Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character —

1910

western

250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty — 60 small glaciers

Montana

— Peaks of unusual shape — Precipices thousands of feet

deep — Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality

— Fine trout fishing.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN

North

358

Heart of the Rockies — Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,250

1915

middle

feet altitude — Remarkable records of glacial period.

Colorado

National Parks of less popular interest are:

Sully's Hill, 1904, North Dakota Wooded hilly tract on Devil's Lake.

Wind Cave, 1903, South Dakota Large natural cavern.

Casa Grande Ruin, 1892, Arizona Prehistoric Indian ruin.

HOW TO REACH THE NATIONAL PARKS

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NATIONAL PARKS

AND

PRINCIPAL RAILROAD CONNECTIONS

Galveston

ARIZONA EASTERN RAILROAD --------------- Tucson, Ariz.

ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA FE RAILWAY ------- 1119 Railway Exchange, Chicago, III.

CHICAGO & NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY ------- 226 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY RAILROAD Co. - 547 West Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE & ST. PAUL RAILWAY ------- Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111.

COLORADO AND SOUTHERN RAILWAY ------- Railway Exchange Building, Denver, Colo.

DENVER & Rio GRANDE RAILROAD Co. ... . Equitable Building, Denver, Colo.